side view: a view from the side of something


tableau: any dramatic scene


microscopic field: the areas that is visible through a microscope


operative field: the area that is open during surgery


memory: something that is remembered


recollection: something recalled to the mind


engram: a postulated biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory


memory trace: a postulated biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory


confabulation: (psychiatry) a plausible but imagined memory that fills in gaps in what is remembered


screen memory: an imagined memory of a childhood experience; hides another memory of distressing significance


memory image: a mental image of something previously experienced


memory picture: a memory image that is similar to a visual perception


afterimage: an image (usually a negative image) that persists after stimulation has ceased


aftersensation: an image (usually a negative image) that persists after stimulation has ceased


aftertaste: an afterimage of a taste


visual image: a mental image that is similar to a visual perception


visualization: a mental image that is similar to a visual perception


visualisation: a mental image that is similar to a visual perception


fusion: the combining of images from the two eyes to form a single visual percept


optical fusion: the combining of images from the two eyes to form a single visual percept


mental picture: a clear and telling mental image


picture: a clear and telling mental image


impression: a clear and telling mental image


auditory image: a mental image that is similar to an auditory perception


model: a representative form or pattern


example: a representative form or pattern


lodestar: something that serves as a model or guide


loadstar: something that serves as a model or guide


prototype: a standard or typical example


paradigm: a standard or typical example


epitome: a standard or typical example


image: a standard or typical example


concentrate: a concentrated example of something


imago: (psychoanalysis) an idealized image of someone (usually a parent) formed in childhood


type specimen: the original specimen from which the description of a new species is made


holotype: the original specimen from which the description of a new species is made


microcosm: a miniature model of something


original: something that serves as a model or a basis for making copies


archetype: something that serves as a model or a basis for making copies


pilot: something that serves as a model or a basis for making copies


pacesetter: a leading instance in its field


pacemaker: a leading instance in its field


pattern: a model considered worthy of imitation


template: a model or standard for making comparisons


templet: a model or standard for making comparisons


guide: a model or standard for making comparisons


prefiguration: an example that prefigures or foreshadows what is to come


prodigy: an impressive or wonderful example of a particular quality


appearance: a mental representation


illusion: an erroneous mental representation


semblance: an erroneous mental representation


irradiation: the apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark background


three-D: having a three-dimensional form or appearance


3-D: having a three-dimensional form or appearance


3D: having a three-dimensional form or appearance


phantom limb: the illusion that a limb still exists after it has been amputated


mirage: something illusory and unattainable


front: the outward appearance of a person


blur: a hazy or indistinct representation


fuzz: a hazy or indistinct representation


unsoundness: a misconception that is fallacious and not true or valid


abstractionism: a representation having no reference to concrete objects or specific examples


unrealism: a representation having no reference to concrete objects or specific examples


concretism: a representation of an abstract idea in concrete terms


concrete representation: a representation of an abstract idea in concrete terms


shape: a concrete representation of an otherwise nebulous concept


embodiment: a concrete representation of an otherwise nebulous concept


belief: any cognitive content held as true


apophatism: the religious belief that God cannot be known but is completely `other' and must be described in negative terms (in terms of what God is not)


cataphatism: the religious belief that God has given enough clues to be known to humans positively and affirmatively (e.g., God created Adam `in his own image')


doctrine of analogy: the religious belief that between creature and creator no similarity can be found so great but that the dissimilarity is always greater; any analogy between God and humans will always be inadequate


analogy: the religious belief that between creature and creator no similarity can be found so great but that the dissimilarity is always greater; any analogy between God and humans will always be inadequate


conviction: an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence


strong belief: an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence


article of faith: an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence


faith: complete confidence in a person or plan etc


trust: complete confidence in a person or plan etc


doctrine: a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school


philosophy: a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school


philosophical system: a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school


school of thought: a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school


ism: a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school


philosophy: any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation


expectation: belief about (or mental picture of) the future


outlook: belief about (or mental picture of) the future


prospect: belief about (or mental picture of) the future


fetishism: a belief in the magical power of fetishes (or the worship of a fetish)


fetichism: a belief in the magical power of fetishes (or the worship of a fetish)


geneticism: the belief that all human characteristics are determined genetically


meliorism: the belief that the world can be made better by human effort


opinion: a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty


sentiment: a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty


persuasion: a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty


view: a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty


thought: a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty


autotelism: belief that a work of art is an end in itself or its own justification


originalism: the belief that the United States Constitution should be interpreted in the way the authors originally intended it


pacifism: the belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration


pacificism: the belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration


predestinarianism: the belief or doctrine of predestinarians


religion: a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny


faith: a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny


religious belief: a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny


cult: a system of religious beliefs and rituals


cultus: a system of religious beliefs and rituals


religious cult: a system of religious beliefs and rituals


cult: a religion or sect that is generally considered to be unorthodox, extremist, or false


ecclesiasticism: religion appropriate to a church and to ecclesiastical principles and practices


mysticism: a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality


religious mysticism: a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality


quietism: a form of religious mysticism requiring withdrawal from all human effort and passive contemplation of God


Sufism: Islamic mysticism


nature worship: a system of religion that deifies and worships natural forces and phenomena


revealed religion: a religion founded primarily on the revelations of God to humankind


eyes: opinion or judgment


public opinion: a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people


popular opinion: a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people


opinion: a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people


vox populi: a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people


preconception: an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence


prepossession: an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence


parti pris: an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence


preconceived opinion: an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence


preconceived idea: an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence


preconceived notion: an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence


taboo: a prejudice (especially in Polynesia and other South Pacific islands) that prohibits the use or mention of something because of its sacred nature


tabu: a prejudice (especially in Polynesia and other South Pacific islands) that prohibits the use or mention of something because of its sacred nature


irrational hostility: extreme prejudice


pole: one of two divergent or mutually exclusive opinions


promise: grounds for feeling hopeful about the future


hope: grounds for feeling hopeful about the future


rainbow: an illusory hope


foretaste: an early limited awareness of something yet to occur


possibility: a future prospect or potential


anticipation: something expected (as on the basis of a norm)


expectancy: something expected (as on the basis of a norm)


apprehension: painful expectation


misgiving: painful expectation


revolutionism: a belief in the spread of revolutionary principles


sacerdotalism: a belief that priests can act as mediators between human beings and God


spiritualism: the belief that the spirits of dead people can communicate with people who are still alive (especially via a medium)


spiritual world: a belief that there is a realm controlled by a divine spirit


spiritual domain: a belief that there is a realm controlled by a divine spirit


unseen: a belief that there is a realm controlled by a divine spirit


suffragism: the belief that the right to vote should be extended (as to women)


supernaturalism: a belief in forces beyond ordinary human understanding


superstition: an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear


superstitious notion: an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear


supremacism: the belief that some particular group or race is superior to all others


theory: a belief that can guide behavior


egoism: (ethics) the theory that the pursuit of your own welfare in the basis of morality


patchwork: a theory or argument made up of miscellaneous or incongruous ideas


hodgepodge: a theory or argument made up of miscellaneous or incongruous ideas


jumble: a theory or argument made up of miscellaneous or incongruous ideas


theosophy: a system of belief based on mystical insight into the nature of God and the soul


theosophism: belief in theosophy


anthroposophy: a system of beliefs and practices based on the philosophy of Rudolf Steiner; it claims to integrate the practical and psychological in child-centered education


Kabbalah: an esoteric theosophy of rabbinical origin based on the Hebrew scriptures and developed between the 7th and 18th centuries


Kabbala: an esoteric theosophy of rabbinical origin based on the Hebrew scriptures and developed between the 7th and 18th centuries


Kabala: an esoteric theosophy of rabbinical origin based on the Hebrew scriptures and developed between the 7th and 18th centuries


Cabbalah: an esoteric theosophy of rabbinical origin based on the Hebrew scriptures and developed between the 7th and 18th centuries


Cabbala: an esoteric theosophy of rabbinical origin based on the Hebrew scriptures and developed between the 7th and 18th centuries


Cabala: an esoteric theosophy of rabbinical origin based on the Hebrew scriptures and developed between the 7th and 18th centuries


Qabbalah: an esoteric theosophy of rabbinical origin based on the Hebrew scriptures and developed between the 7th and 18th centuries


Qabbala: an esoteric theosophy of rabbinical origin based on the Hebrew scriptures and developed between the 7th and 18th centuries


Kabbalism: the doctrines of the Kabbalah


Cabalism: the doctrines of the Kabbalah


thought: the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual


totemism: belief in the kinship of a group of people with a common totem


tribalism: the beliefs of a tribal society


values: beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)


vampirism: belief in the existence of vampires


mainstream: the prevailing current of thought


principle: a rule or standard especially of good behavior


accounting principle: a principle that governs current accounting practice and that is used as a reference to determine the appropriate treatment of complex transactions


accounting standard: a principle that governs current accounting practice and that is used as a reference to determine the appropriate treatment of complex transactions


chivalry: the medieval principles governing knighthood and knightly conduct


knightliness: the medieval principles governing knighthood and knightly conduct


ethic: the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group


moral principle: the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group


value-system: the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group


value orientation: the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group


Chartism: the principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people


Hellenism: the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization


legal principle: (law) a principle underlying the formulation of jurisprudence


judicial principle: (law) a principle underlying the formulation of jurisprudence


judicial doctrine: (law) a principle underlying the formulation of jurisprudence


jus sanguinis: the principle that a person's nationality at birth is the same as that of his natural parents


jus soli: the principle that a person's nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth


preemption: the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject


pre-emption: the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject


relation back: (law) the principle that an act done at a later time is deemed by law to have occurred at an earlier time


relation: (law) the principle that an act done at a later time is deemed by law to have occurred at an earlier time


scruple: an ethical or moral principle that inhibits action


Golden Rule: a command based on Jesus' words in the Sermon on the Mount;  (Matthew 7:12)


Athanasian Creed: a Christian profession of faith


abolitionism: the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery


absolutism: the doctrine of an absolute being


amoralism: the doctrine that moral distinctions are invalid


animalism: the doctrine that human beings are purely animal in nature and lacking a spiritual nature


animism: the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls


antiestablishmentarianism: the doctrine of opposition to the social and political establishment


antiestablishmentism: the doctrine of opposition to the social and political establishment


asceticism: the doctrine that through renunciation of worldly pleasures it is possible to achieve a high spiritual or intellectual state


British empiricism: the predominant philosophical tradition in Great Britain since the 17th century


contextualism: any doctrine emphasizing the importance of the context in solving problems or establishing the meaning of terms


creationism: the literal belief in the account of Creation given in the Book of Genesis


creation science: an effort to give scientific support for the truth of the account of Creation given in the Book of Genesis


creed: any system of principles or beliefs


credo: any system of principles or beliefs


divine right: the doctrine that kings derive their right to rule directly from God and are not accountable to their subjects; rebellion is the worst of political crimes


divine right of kings: the doctrine that kings derive their right to rule directly from God and are not accountable to their subjects; rebellion is the worst of political crimes


dogma: a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative


dualism: the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil


dynamism: any of the various theories or doctrines or philosophical systems that attempt to explain the phenomena of the universe in terms of some immanent force or energy


epicureanism: a doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient Greek philosophers


establishmentarianism: the doctrine of supporting the social or political establishment


establishmentism: the doctrine of supporting the social or political establishment


ethicism: a doctrine that ethics and ethical ideas are valid and important


expansionism: the doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country


experimentalism: an empirical doctrine that advocates experimental principles


formalism: the doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented


functionalism: any doctrine that stresses utility or purpose


Girondism: the doctrine of the Girondists


gospel: a doctrine that is believed to be of great importance


gymnosophy: the doctrine of a sect of Hindu philosophers who practiced nudity and asceticism and meditation


imitation: the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations


mimesis: the imitative representation of nature and human behavior in art and literature


individualism: the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs


laissez faire: the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs


individualism: a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence


rugged individualism: individualism in social and economic affairs; belief not only in personal liberty and self-reliance but also in free competition


internationalism: the doctrine that nations should cooperate because their common interests are more important than their differences


unilateralism: the doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations


one-way street: unilateral interaction


irredentism: the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related


irridentism: the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related


literalism: the doctrine of realistic (literal) portrayal in art or literature


majority rule: the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group


democracy: the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group


monism: the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element


multiculturalism: the doctrine that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country


nationalism: the doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other


nationalism: the doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals


nihilism: a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake


pacifism: the doctrine that all violence is unjustifiable


pacificism: the doctrine that all violence is unjustifiable


passivism: the doctrine that all violence is unjustifiable


pluralism: the doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements


populism: the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite


predestination: (theology) being determined in advance; especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)


foreordination: (theology) being determined in advance; especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)


preordination: (theology) being determined in advance; especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)


predetermination: (theology) being determined in advance; especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)


presentism: the doctrine that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (as in the Book of Revelations) are presently in the course of being fulfilled


election: the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)


rationalism: the doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct


freethinking: the doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct


reformism: a doctrine of reform


humanism: the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural


secular humanism: the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural


humanitarianism: the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare


humanism: the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare


egalitarianism: the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality


equalitarianism: the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality


feminism: a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women


juju: the power associated with a juju


magic: any art that invokes supernatural powers


thaumaturgy: any art that invokes supernatural powers


mojo: a magic power or magic spell


occultism: a belief in supernatural powers and the possibility of bringing them under human control


occultism: the study of the supernatural


reincarnationism: a doctrine that on the death of the body the soul migrates to or is born again in another body


secessionism: a doctrine that maintains the right of secession


secularism: a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations


aesthetic: (philosophy) a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful


esthetic: (philosophy) a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful


Aristotelianism: (philosophy) the philosophy of Aristotle that deals with logic and metaphysics and ethics and poetics and politics and natural science


peripateticism: (philosophy) the philosophy of Aristotle that deals with logic and metaphysics and ethics and poetics and politics and natural science


conceptualism: the doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application


Confucianism: the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China


deconstruction: a philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning


deconstructionism: a philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning


empiricism: (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience


empiricist philosophy: (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience


sensationalism: (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience


environmentalism: the philosophical doctrine that environment is more important than heredity in determining intellectual growth


existentialism: (philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement chiefly in Europe; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves


existential philosophy: (philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement chiefly in Europe; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves


existentialist philosophy: (philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement chiefly in Europe; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves


determinism: (philosophy) a philosophical theory holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will


fatalism: a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are predetermined in advance for all time and human beings are powerless to change them


formalism: (philosophy) the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications


hereditarianism: the philosophical doctrine that heredity is more important than environment in determining intellectual growth


idealism: (philosophy) the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality


intuitionism: (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition


logicism: (philosophy) the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic


materialism: (philosophy) the philosophical theory that matter is the only reality


physicalism: (philosophy) the philosophical theory that matter is the only reality


mechanism: (philosophy) the philosophical theory that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes


mentalism: (philosophy) a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness


nativism: (philosophy) the philosophical theory that some ideas are innate


naturalism: (philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations


Neoplatonism: a system of philosophical and theological doctrines composed of elements of Platonism and Aristotelianism and oriental mysticism; its most distinctive doctrine holds that the first principle and source of reality transcends being and thought and is naturally unknowable


nominalism: (philosophy) the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name


operationalism: (philosophy) the doctrine that the meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it


Platonism: (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names


realism: (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names


pragmatism: (philosophy) the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value


instrumentalism: a system of pragmatic philosophy that considers idea to be instruments that should guide our actions and their value is measured by their success


probabilism: (philosophy) the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action


rationalism: (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience


realism: (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical objects continue to exist when not perceived


naive realism: (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical objects continue to exist when not perceived


relativism: (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved


Scholasticism: the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe; based on Aristotle and the Church Fathers


semiotics: (philosophy) a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols


semiology: (philosophy) a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols


sensualism: (philosophy) the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good


sensationalism: (philosophy) the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good


solipsism: (philosophy) the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist


spiritualism: (theology) any doctrine that asserts the separate existence of God


Stoicism: (philosophy) the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno


subjectivism: (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience


Taoism: philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events


Daoism: philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events


teleology: (philosophy) a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes


traditionalism: the doctrine that all knowledge was originally derived by divine revelation and that it is transmitted by traditions


vitalism: (philosophy) a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct from physics and chemistry


conjuring: calling up a spirit or devil


conjuration: calling up a spirit or devil


conjury: calling up a spirit or devil


invocation: calling up a spirit or devil


old wives' tale: a bit of lore passed on by word of mouth


exorcism: freeing from evil spirits


dispossession: freeing from evil spirits


evocation: calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations


summoning: calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations


sorcery: the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world


black magic: the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world


black art: the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world


necromancy: the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world


theurgy: white magic performed with the help of beneficent spirits (as formerly practiced by Neoplatonists)


witchcraft: the art of sorcery


witchery: the art of sorcery


enchantment: a magical spell


bewitchment: a magical spell


diabolism: a belief in and reverence for devils (especially Satan)


demonism: a belief in and reverence for devils (especially Satan)


Satanism: a belief in and reverence for devils (especially Satan)


white magic: magic used only for good purposes


unbelief: a rejection of belief


disbelief: a rejection of belief


agnosticism: the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge


skepticism: the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge


scepticism: the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge


atheism: a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods


heresy: a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion


unorthodoxy: a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion


iconoclasm: the orientation of an iconoclast


goal: the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it


end: the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it


aim: the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable)


object: the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable)


objective: the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable)


target: the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable)


bourn: an archaic term for a goal or destination


bourne: an archaic term for a goal or destination


end-all: the ultimate goal


destination: the ultimate goal for which something is done


terminus: the ultimate goal for which something is done


grail: the object of any prolonged endeavor


no-goal: a nonexistent goal


purpose: an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions


intent: an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions


intention: an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions


aim: an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions


design: an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions


intention: (usually plural) the goal with respect to a marriage proposal


mind: your intention; what you intend to do


idea: your intention; what you intend to do


cross-purpose: a contrary aim


final cause: (philosophy) the end or purpose of a thing or process


sake: the purpose of achieving or obtaining


view: purpose; the phrase `with a view to' means `with the intention of' or `for the purpose of'


will: a fixed and persistent intent or purpose


business: an immediate objective


occasions: something you have to do


point: the object of an activity


thing: a special objective


education: knowledge acquired by learning and instruction


experience: the content of direct observation or participation in an event


acculturation: all the knowledge and values shared by a society


culture: all the knowledge and values shared by a society


meme: a cultural unit (an idea or value or pattern of behavior) that is passed from one person to another by non-genetic means (as by imitation)


lore: knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote


traditional knowledge: knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote


folklore: the unwritten lore (stories and proverbs and riddles and songs) of a culture


eruditeness: profound scholarly knowledge


erudition: profound scholarly knowledge


learnedness: profound scholarly knowledge


learning: profound scholarly knowledge


scholarship: profound scholarly knowledge


encyclopedism: profound scholarly knowledge


encyclopaedism: profound scholarly knowledge


letters: scholarly attainment


enlightenment: education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge


foundation: education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field of knowledge


grounding: education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field of knowledge


centralism: the political policy of concentrating power in a central organization


containment: a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate peacefully


moderationism: the policy of being moderate or acting with moderation


obscurantism: a policy of opposition to enlightenment or the spread of knowledge


Thatcherism: (England) the political policy of Margaret Thatcher


ultramontanism: (Roman Catholic Church) the policy that the absolute authority of the church should be vested in the pope


edification: uplifting enlightenment


sophistication: uplifting enlightenment


satori: (Zen Buddhism) a state of sudden spiritual enlightenment


disenchantment: freeing from false belief or illusions


disillusion: freeing from false belief or illusions


disillusionment: freeing from false belief or illusions


ignorance: the lack of knowledge or education


dark: an unenlightened state


darkness: an unenlightened state


ignorantness: ignorance (especially of orthodox beliefs)


nescience: ignorance (especially of orthodox beliefs)


unknowing: ignorance (especially of orthodox beliefs)


unknowingness: ignorance (especially of orthodox beliefs)


inexperience: lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience


rawness: lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience


unenlightenment: a lack of understanding


illiteracy: ignorance resulting from not reading


theory: a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena


theory of gravitation: (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them


theory of gravity: (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them


gravitational theory: (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them


Newton's theory of gravitation: (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them


principle of relativity: (physics) a universal law that states that the laws of mechanics are not affected by a uniform rectilinear motion of the system of coordinates to which they are referred


Occam's Razor: the principle that entities should not be multiplied needlessly; the simplest of two competing theories is to be preferred


Ockham's Razor: the principle that entities should not be multiplied needlessly; the simplest of two competing theories is to be preferred


principle of parsimony: the principle that entities should not be multiplied needlessly; the simplest of two competing theories is to be preferred


law of parsimony: the principle that entities should not be multiplied needlessly; the simplest of two competing theories is to be preferred


principle of equivalence: (physics) the principle that an observer has no way of distinguishing whether his laboratory is in a uniform gravitational field or is in an accelerated frame of reference


principle of liquid displacement: (hydrostatics) the volume of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the volume of the displaced fluid


principle of superposition: the displacement of any point due to the superposition of wave systems is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point


Huygens' principle of superposition: the displacement of any point due to the superposition of wave systems is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point


principle of superposition: (geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest


superposition principle: (geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest


superposition: (geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest


mass-action principle: (neurology) the principle that the cortex of the brain operates as a coordinated system with large masses of neural tissue involved in all complex functioning


mass action: (neurology) the principle that the cortex of the brain operates as a coordinated system with large masses of neural tissue involved in all complex functioning


localization of function: (physiology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in some particular part or organ of the body


localisation of function: (physiology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in some particular part or organ of the body


localization principle: (physiology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in some particular part or organ of the body


localisation principle: (physiology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in some particular part or organ of the body


localization: (physiology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in some particular part or organ of the body


localisation: (physiology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in some particular part or organ of the body


lateralization: localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain


lateralisation: localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain


laterality: localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain


blastogenesis: theory that inherited characteristics are transmitted by germ plasm


preformation: a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell


theory of preformation: a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell


dialectical materialism: the materialistic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels


positivism: the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)


logical positivism: the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)


Comtism: Auguste Comte's positivistic philosophy that metaphysics and theology should be replaced by a hierarchy of sciences from mathematics at the base to sociology at the top


scientific theory: a theory that explains scientific observations


field theory: (physics) a theory that explains a physical phenomenon in terms of a field and the manner in which it interacts with matter or with other fields


organicism: theory that the total organization of an organism rather than the functioning of individual organs is the determinant of life processes


economic theory: (economics) a theory of commercial activities (such as the production and consumption of goods)


consumerism: the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial


Keynesianism: the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes who advocated government monetary and fiscal programs intended to stimulate business activity and increase employment


liberalism: an economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market


Malthusianism: Malthus' theory that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence


Malthusian theory: Malthus' theory that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence


monetarism: an economic theory holding that variations in unemployment and the rate of inflation are usually caused by changes in the supply of money


Stevens' law: (psychophysics) the concept that the magnitude of a subjective sensation increases proportional to a power of the stimulus intensity


power law: (psychophysics) the concept that the magnitude of a subjective sensation increases proportional to a power of the stimulus intensity


Stevens' power law: (psychophysics) the concept that the magnitude of a subjective sensation increases proportional to a power of the stimulus intensity


Weber's law: (psychophysics) the concept that a just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus


discipline: a branch of knowledge


subject: a branch of knowledge


subject area: a branch of knowledge


subject field: a branch of knowledge


field: a branch of knowledge


field of study: a branch of knowledge


study: a branch of knowledge


bailiwick: a branch of knowledge


communications: the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.)


communication theory: the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.)


major: the principal field of study of a student at a university


region: a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about


realm: a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about


frontier: an undeveloped field of study; a topic inviting research and development


genealogy: the study or investigation of ancestry and family history


allometry: the study of the relative growth of a part of an organism in relation to the growth of the whole


bibliotics: the scientific study of documents and handwriting etc. especially to determine authorship or authenticity


ology: an informal word (abstracted from words with this ending) for some unidentified branch of knowledge


symbology: the study or the use of symbols and symbolism


grey area: an intermediate area; a topic that is not clearly one thing or the other


gray area: an intermediate area; a topic that is not clearly one thing or the other


territory: an area of knowledge or interest


knowledge domain: the content of a particular field of knowledge


knowledge base: the content of a particular field of knowledge


domain: the content of a particular field of knowledge


metaknowledge: knowledge about knowledge


scientific knowledge: knowledge accumulated by systematic study and organized by general principles


science: a particular branch of scientific knowledge


scientific discipline: a particular branch of scientific knowledge


natural science: the sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomena


mathematics: a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement


math: a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement


maths: a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement


pure mathematics: the branches of mathematics that study and develop the principles of mathematics for their own sake rather than for their immediate usefulness


arithmetic: the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations


algorism: computation with Arabic figures


geometry: the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces


affine geometry: the geometry of affine transformations


elementary geometry: (mathematics) geometry based on Euclid's axioms


parabolic geometry: (mathematics) geometry based on Euclid's axioms


Euclidean geometry: (mathematics) geometry based on Euclid's axioms


Euclid's axiom: (mathematics) any of five axioms that are generally recognized as the basis for Euclidean geometry


Euclid's postulate: (mathematics) any of five axioms that are generally recognized as the basis for Euclidean geometry


Euclidean axiom: (mathematics) any of five axioms that are generally recognized as the basis for Euclidean geometry


Euclid's first axiom: a straight line can be drawn between any two points


Euclid's second axiom: any terminated straight line can be projected indefinitely


Euclid's third axiom: a circle with any radius can be drawn around any point


Euclid's fourth axiom: all right angles are equal


Euclid's fifth axiom: only one line can be drawn through a point parallel to another line


parallel axiom: only one line can be drawn through a point parallel to another line


fractal geometry: (mathematics) the geometry of fractals


non-Euclidean geometry: (mathematics) geometry based on axioms different from Euclid's


hyperbolic geometry: (mathematics) a non-Euclidean geometry in which the parallel axiom is replaced by the assumption that through any point in a plane there are two or more lines that do not intersect a given line in the plane


elliptic geometry: (mathematics) a non-Euclidean geometry that regards space as like a sphere and a line as like a great circle


Riemannian geometry: (mathematics) a non-Euclidean geometry that regards space as like a sphere and a line as like a great circle


numerical analysis: (mathematics) the branch of mathematics that studies algorithms for approximating solutions to problems in the infinitesimal calculus


spherical geometry: (mathematics) the geometry of figures on the surface of a sphere


spherical trigonometry: (mathematics) the trigonometry of spherical triangles


triangulation: a trigonometric method of determining the position of a fixed point from the angles to it from two fixed points a known distance apart; useful in navigation


analytic geometry: the use of algebra to study geometric properties; operates on symbols defined in a coordinate system


analytical geometry: the use of algebra to study geometric properties; operates on symbols defined in a coordinate system


coordinate geometry: the use of algebra to study geometric properties; operates on symbols defined in a coordinate system


axis: a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions


coordinate axis: one of the fixed reference lines of a coordinate system


origin: the point of intersection of coordinate axes; where the values of the coordinates are all zero


x-axis: the horizontal axis in a plane coordinate system


y-axis: the vertical axis in a plane coordinate system


z-axis: the third axis in a 3-dimensional coordinate system


major axis: the longest axis of an ellipse or ellipsoid; passes through the two foci


semimajor axis: one-half the major axis of an ellipse; the distance from the center of an ellipse to one end


minor axis: the shorter or shortest axis of an ellipse or ellipsoid


semiminor axis: one-half the minor axis of an ellipse


principal axis: a line that passes through the center of curvature of a lens so that light is neither reflected nor refracted


optic axis: a line that passes through the center of curvature of a lens so that light is neither reflected nor refracted


optic axis: in a doubly refracting crystal, the line in the direction of which no double refraction occurs


inertial reference frame: a coordinate system in which Newton's first law of motion is valid


inertial frame: a coordinate system in which Newton's first law of motion is valid


space-time: the four-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located


space-time continuum: the four-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located


coordinate: a number that identifies a position relative to an axis


co-ordinate: a number that identifies a position relative to an axis


Cartesian coordinate: one of the coordinates in a system of coordinates that locates a point on a plane or in space by its distance from two lines or three planes respectively; the two lines or the intersections of the three planes are the coordinate axes


dimension: one of three Cartesian coordinates that determine a position in space


abscissa: the value of a coordinate on the horizontal axis


ordinate: the value of a coordinate on the vertical axis


intercept: the point at which a line intersects a coordinate axis


polar coordinate: either of two values that locate a point on a plane by its distance from a fixed pole and its angle from a fixed line passing through the pole


plane geometry: the geometry of 2-dimensional figures


solid geometry: the geometry of 3-dimensional space


projective geometry: the geometry of properties that remain invariant under projection


descriptive geometry: the geometry of properties that remain invariant under projection


trigonometry: the mathematics of triangles and trigonometric functions


trig: the mathematics of triangles and trigonometric functions


algebra: the mathematics of generalized arithmetical operations


quadratics: a branch of algebra dealing with quadratic equations


linear algebra: the part of algebra that deals with the theory of linear equations and linear transformation


vector algebra: the part of algebra that deals with the theory of vectors and vector spaces


decomposition: the analysis of a vector field


vector decomposition: the analysis of a vector field


matrix algebra: the part of algebra that deals with the theory of matrices


calculus: the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions


infinitesimal calculus: the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions


analysis: a branch of mathematics involving calculus and the theory of limits; sequences and series and integration and differentiation


Fourier analysis: analysis of a periodic function into a sum of simple sinusoidal components


harmonic analysis: analysis of a periodic function into a sum of simple sinusoidal components


differential calculus: the part of calculus that deals with the variation of a function with respect to changes in the independent variable (or variables) by means of the concepts of derivative and differential


method of fluxions: the part of calculus that deals with the variation of a function with respect to changes in the independent variable (or variables) by means of the concepts of derivative and differential


derived function: the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx


derivative: the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx


differential coefficient: the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx


differential: the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx


first derivative: the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx


partial derivative: the derivative of a function of two or more variables with respect to a single variable while the other variables are considered to be constant


partial: the derivative of a function of two or more variables with respect to a single variable while the other variables are considered to be constant


integral calculus: the part of calculus that deals with integration and its application in the solution of differential equations and in determining areas or volumes etc.


integral: the result of a mathematical integration; F(x) is the integral of f(x) if dF/dx = f(x)


indefinite integral: the set of functions F(x) + C, where C is any real number, such that F(x) is the integral of f(x)


definite integral: the integral of a function over a definite interval


calculus of variations: the calculus of maxima and minima of definite integrals


set theory: the branch of pure mathematics that deals with the nature and relations of sets


interval: a set containing all points (or all real numbers) between two given endpoints


closed interval: an interval that includes its endpoints


bounded interval: an interval that includes its endpoints


open interval: an interval that does not include its endpoints


unbounded interval: an interval that does not include its endpoints


sub-interval: an interval that is included in another interval


group: a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse


mathematical group: a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse


subgroup: (mathematics) a subset (that is not empty) of a mathematical group


group theory: the branch of mathematics dealing with groups


Galois theory: group theory applied to the solution of algebraic equations


Abelian group: a group that satisfies the commutative law


commutative group: a group that satisfies the commutative law


topology: the branch of pure mathematics that deals only with the properties of a figure X that hold for every figure into which X can be transformed with a one-to-one correspondence that is continuous in both directions


analysis situs: the branch of pure mathematics that deals only with the properties of a figure X that hold for every figure into which X can be transformed with a one-to-one correspondence that is continuous in both directions


metamathematics: the logical analysis of mathematical reasoning


applied mathematics: the branches of mathematics that are involved in the study of the physical or biological or sociological world


applied math: the branches of mathematics that are involved in the study of the physical or biological or sociological world


linear programming: a mathematical technique used in economics; finds the maximum or minimum of linear functions in many variables subject to constraints


statistics: a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters


statistical method: a method of analyzing or representing statistical data; a procedure for calculating a statistic


statistical procedure: a method of analyzing or representing statistical data; a procedure for calculating a statistic


least squares: a method of fitting a curve to data points so as to minimize the sum of the squares of the distances of the points from the curve


method of least squares: a method of fitting a curve to data points so as to minimize the sum of the squares of the distances of the points from the curve


multivariate analysis: a generic term for any statistical technique used to analyze data from more than one variable


statistic: a datum that can be represented numerically


average: a statistic describing the location of a distribution


norm: a statistic describing the location of a distribution


demographic: a statistic characterizing human populations (or segments of human populations broken down by age or sex or income etc.)


deviation: the difference between an observed value and the expected value of a variable or function


moment: the n-th moment of a distribution is the expected value of the n-th power of the deviations from a fixed value


nonparametric statistic: a statistic computed without knowledge of the form or the parameters of the distribution from which observations are drawn


distribution free statistic: a statistic computed without knowledge of the form or the parameters of the distribution from which observations are drawn


parametric statistic: any statistic computed by procedures that assume the data were drawn from a particular distribution


age norm: the average age at which particular performances are expected to appear


outlier: an extreme deviation from the mean


mean deviation: the arithmetic mean of the absolute values of deviations from the mean of a distribution


mean deviation from the mean: the arithmetic mean of the absolute values of deviations from the mean of a distribution


mode: the most frequent value of a random variable


modal value: the most frequent value of a random variable


median: the value below which 50% of the cases fall


median value: the value below which 50% of the cases fall


mean: an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n


mean value: an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n


arithmetic mean: the sum of the values of a random variable divided by the number of values


first moment: the sum of the values of a random variable divided by the number of values


expectation: the sum of the values of a random variable divided by the number of values


expected value: the sum of the values of a random variable divided by the number of values


geometric mean: the mean of n numbers expressed as the n-th root of their product


harmonic mean: the mean of n numbers expressed as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the numbers


second moment: the expected value of the square of the deviations of a random variable from the point of origin


variance: the second moment around the mean; the expected value of the square of the deviations of a random variable from its mean value


standard deviation: the square root of the variance


covariance: (statistics) the mean value of the product of the deviations of two variates from their respective means


frequency distribution: a distribution of observed frequencies of occurrence of the values of a variable


normal distribution: a theoretical distribution with finite mean and variance


Gaussian distribution: a theoretical distribution with finite mean and variance


Poisson distribution: a theoretical distribution that is a good approximation to the binomial distribution when the probability is small and the number of trials is large


normal curve: a symmetrical curve representing the normal distribution


bell-shaped curve: a symmetrical curve representing the normal distribution


Gaussian curve: a symmetrical curve representing the normal distribution


Gaussian shape: a symmetrical curve representing the normal distribution


population: (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn


universe: (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn


subpopulation: a population that is part of a larger population


sample distribution: items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population


sample: items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population


sampling: items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population


random sample: a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected


stratified sample: the population is divided into strata and a random sample is taken from each stratum


representative sample: the population is divided into strata and a random sample is taken from each stratum


proportional sample: the population is divided into strata and a random sample is taken from each stratum


regression: the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)


simple regression: the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)


regression toward the mean: the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)


statistical regression: the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)


multiple regression: a statistical technique that predicts values of one variable on the basis of two or more other variables


multiple correlation: a statistical technique that predicts values of one variable on the basis of two or more other variables


multicollinearity: a case of multiple regression in which the predictor variables are themselves highly correlated


regression analysis: the use of regression to make quantitative predictions of one variable from the values of another


regression equation: the equation representing the relation between selected values of one variable (x) and observed values of the other (y); it permits the prediction of the most probable values of y


regression of y on x: the equation representing the relation between selected values of one variable (x) and observed values of the other (y); it permits the prediction of the most probable values of y


regression coefficient: when the regression line is linear (y = ax + b) the regression coefficient is the constant (a) that represents the rate of change of one variable (y) as a function of changes in the other (x); it is the slope of the regression line


linear regression: the relation between variables when the regression equation is linear: e.g., y = ax + b


rectilinear regression: the relation between variables when the regression equation is linear: e.g., y = ax + b


curvilinear regression: the relation between variables when the regression equation is nonlinear (quadratic or higher order)


regression line: a smooth curve fitted to the set of paired data in regression analysis; for linear regression the curve is a straight line


regression curve: a smooth curve fitted to the set of paired data in regression analysis; for linear regression the curve is a straight line


time series: a series of values of a variable at successive times


vital statistics: data relating to births and deaths and health and diseases and marriages


correlational analysis: the use of statistical correlation to evaluate the strength of the relations between variables


correlation matrix: a matrix giving the correlations between all pairs of data sets


factor analysis: any of several methods for reducing correlational data to a smaller number of dimensions or factors; beginning with a correlation matrix a small number of components or factors are extracted that are regarded as the basic variables that account for the interrelations observed in the data


analysis of variance: a statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means; a statistical method that yields values that can be tested to determine whether a significant relation exists between variables


ANOVA: a statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means; a statistical method that yields values that can be tested to determine whether a significant relation exists between variables


correlation table: a two-way tabulation of the relations between correlates; row headings are the scores on one variable and column headings are the scores on the second variables and a cell shows how many times the score on that row was associated with the score in that column


correlation: a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other


correlational statistics: a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other


curvilinear correlation: any correlation in which the rates of change of the variables is not constant


nonlinear correlation: any correlation in which the rates of change of the variables is not constant


skew correlation: any correlation in which the rates of change of the variables is not constant


partial correlation: a correlation between two variables when the effects of one or more related variables are removed


first-order correlation: a partial correlation in which the effects of only one variable are removed (held constant)


correlation coefficient: a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation)


coefficient of correlation: a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation)


correlation: a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation)


covariation: (statistics) correlated variation


positive correlation: a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with large values of the other and small with small; the correlation coefficient is between 0 and +1


direct correlation: a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with large values of the other and small with small; the correlation coefficient is between 0 and +1


negative correlation: a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with small values of the other; the correlation coefficient is between 0 and -1


indirect correlation: a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with small values of the other; the correlation coefficient is between 0 and -1


product-moment correlation coefficient: the most commonly used method of computing a correlation coefficient between variables that are linearly related


Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient: the most commonly used method of computing a correlation coefficient between variables that are linearly related


multiple correlation coefficient: an estimate of the combined influence of two or more variables on the observed (dependent) variable


biserial correlation coefficient: a correlation coefficient in which one variable is many-valued and the other is dichotomous


biserial correlation: a correlation coefficient in which one variable is many-valued and the other is dichotomous


nonparametric statistics: the branch of statistics dealing with variables without making assumptions about the form or the parameters of their distribution


rank-order correlation coefficient: the most commonly used method of computing a correlation coefficient between the ranks of scores on two variables


rank-order correlation: the most commonly used method of computing a correlation coefficient between the ranks of scores on two variables


rank-difference correlation coefficient: the most commonly used method of computing a correlation coefficient between the ranks of scores on two variables


rank-difference correlation: the most commonly used method of computing a correlation coefficient between the ranks of scores on two variables


Kendall test: any of several nonparametric measures of correlation (used when the assumptions of standard correlational analysis are not met)


Kendall partial rank correlation: a nonparametric measure of partial correlation


coefficient of concordance: a coefficient of agreement (concordance) between different sets of rank orderings of the same set of things


tau coefficient of correlation: a nonparametric measure of the agreement between two rankings


Kendall's tau: a nonparametric measure of the agreement between two rankings


Kendall rank correlation: a nonparametric measure of the agreement between two rankings


phi coefficient: an index of the relation between any two sets of scores that can both be represented on ordered binary dimensions (e.g., male-female)


phi correlation: an index of the relation between any two sets of scores that can both be represented on ordered binary dimensions (e.g., male-female)


fourfold point correlation: an index of the relation between any two sets of scores that can both be represented on ordered binary dimensions (e.g., male-female)


split-half correlation: a correlation coefficient calculated between scores on two halves of a test; taken as an indication of the reliability of the test


chance-half correlation: a correlation coefficient calculated between scores on two halves of a test; taken as an indication of the reliability of the test


tetrachoric correlation coefficient: a correlation coefficient computed for two normally distributed variables that are both expressed as a dichotomy


tetrachoric correlation: a correlation coefficient computed for two normally distributed variables that are both expressed as a dichotomy


spurious correlation: a correlation between two variables (e.g., between the number of electric motors in the home and grades at school) that does not result from any direct relation between them (buying electric motors will not raise grades) but from their relation to other variables


binomial: (mathematics) a quantity expressed as a sum or difference of two terms; a polynomial with two terms


binomial distribution: a theoretical distribution of the number of successes in a finite set of independent trials with a constant probability of success


Bernoulli distribution: a theoretical distribution of the number of successes in a finite set of independent trials with a constant probability of success


binomial theorem: a theorem giving the expansion of a binomial raised to a given power


probability theory: the branch of applied mathematics that deals with probabilities


theory of probability: the branch of applied mathematics that deals with probabilities


life science: any of the branches of natural science dealing with the structure and behavior of living organisms


bioscience: any of the branches of natural science dealing with the structure and behavior of living organisms


biology: the science that studies living organisms


biological science: the science that studies living organisms


biomedical science: the application of the principles of the natural sciences to medicine


biometrics: a branch of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis


biometry: a branch of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis


biostatistics: a branch of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis


craniology: the scientific study of the skulls of various human races


dermatoglyphics: the study of the whorls and loops and arches in the fingertips and on the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet


dietetics: the scientific study of food preparation and intake


macrobiotics: the theory of promoting health and longevity by means of diet (especially whole beans and grains)


eugenics: the study of methods of improving genetic qualities by selective breeding (especially as applied to human mating)


dysgenics: the study of the operation of factors causing degeneration in the type of offspring produced


cacogenics: the study of the operation of factors causing degeneration in the type of offspring produced


euthenics: the study of methods of improving human well-being and efficient functioning by improving environmental conditions


medicine: the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques


medical specialty: the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques


medical science: the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease


phrenology: a now abandoned study of the shape of skull as indicative of the strengths of different faculties


aeromedicine: the study and treatment of disorders associated with flight (especially with space flight)


aerospace medicine: the study and treatment of disorders associated with flight (especially with space flight)


aviation medicine: the study and treatment of disorders associated with flight (especially with space flight)


allergology: the branch of medical science that studies the causes and treatment of allergies


anesthesiology: the branch of medical science that studies and applies anesthetics


angiology: the branch of medical science that studies the blood and lymph vessels and their disorders


bacteriology: the branch of medical science that studies bacteria in relation to disease


biomedicine: the branch of medical science that studies the ability of organisms to withstand environmental stress (as in space travel)


biomedicine: the branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice


cardiology: the branch of medicine dealing with the heart and its diseases


dentistry: the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy and development and diseases of the teeth


dental medicine: the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy and development and diseases of the teeth


odontology: the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy and development and diseases of the teeth


cosmetic dentistry: the branch of dentistry dealing with the appearance of the teeth


dental surgery: the branch of dentistry involving surgical procedures


endodontics: the branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the dental pulp


endodontia: the branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the dental pulp


exodontics: the branch of dentistry dealing with extraction of teeth


exodontia: the branch of dentistry dealing with extraction of teeth


orthodontics: the branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth


orthodontia: the branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth


orthodonture: the branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth


dental orthopedics: the branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth


dental orthopaedics: the branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth


periodontics: the branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the gums and other structures around the teeth


periodontia: the branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the gums and other structures around the teeth


prosthetics: the branch of medicine dealing with the production and use of artificial body parts


prosthodontics: the branch of dentistry dealing with the replacement of teeth and related mouth or jaw structures by artificial devices


prosthodontia: the branch of dentistry dealing with the replacement of teeth and related mouth or jaw structures by artificial devices


dermatology: the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its diseases


emergency medicine: the branch of medicine concerned with the prompt diagnosis and treatment of injuries or trauma or sudden illness


endocrinology: the branch of medicine dealing with the endocrine glands and their secretions


epidemiology: the branch of medical science dealing with the transmission and control of disease


forensic medicine: the branch of medical science that uses medical knowledge for legal purposes


forensic pathology: the branch of medical science that uses medical knowledge for legal purposes


gastroenterology: the branch of medicine that studies the gastrointestinal tract and its diseases


geriatrics: the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people


gerontology: the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people


gynecology: the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and hygiene of women


gynaecology: the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and hygiene of women


hematology: the branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs


haematology: the branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs


hygiene: the science concerned with the prevention of illness and maintenance of health


hygienics: the science concerned with the prevention of illness and maintenance of health


immunology: the branch of medical science that studies the body's immune system


immunochemistry: the field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies)


chemoimmunology: the field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies)


immunopathology: the branch of immunology that deals with pathologies of the immune system


internal medicine: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and (nonsurgical) treatment of diseases of the internal organs (especially in adults)


general medicine: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and (nonsurgical) treatment of diseases of the internal organs (especially in adults)


nephrology: the branch of medicine concerned with the kidney - its development and anatomy and physiology and disorders


nuclear medicine: the branch of medicine that uses radioactive materials either to image a patient's body or to destroy diseased cells


neurology: (neurology) the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and its disorders


clinical neurology: (neurology) the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and its disorders


neuropsychiatry: the branch of medicine dealing with mental disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system


nosology: the branch of medical science dealing with the classification of disease


diagnostics: the branch of medical science dealing with the classification of disease


obstetrics: the branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of the mother


OB: the branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of the mother


tocology: the branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of the mother


midwifery: the branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of the mother


fetology: the branch of medicine concerned with the fetus in the uterus


foetology: the branch of medicine concerned with the fetus in the uterus


perinatology: the branch of obstetrics concerned with the anatomy and physiology and diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the mother and the fetus or newborn baby during late pregnancy and childbirth and the puerperium


oncology: the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of tumors


ophthalmology: the branch of medicine concerned with the eye and its diseases


otology: the branch of medicine concerned with the ear


pharmacology: the science or study of drugs: their preparation and properties and uses and effects


pharmacological medicine: the science or study of drugs: their preparation and properties and uses and effects


materia medica: the science or study of drugs: their preparation and properties and uses and effects


pharmacy: the art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and medicines,


pharmaceutics: the art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and medicines,


pharmacokinetics: the study of the action of drugs in the body: method and rate of excretion; duration of effect; etc.


posology: the pharmacological determination of appropriate doses of drugs and medicines


psychopharmacology: the study of drugs that affect the mind


psychiatry: the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders


psychopathology: the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders


psychological medicine: the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders


alienism: an obsolete term for the study and treatment of mental illness


psychotherapy: the branch of psychiatry concerned with psychological methods


psychotherapeutics: the branch of psychiatry concerned with psychological methods


mental hygiene: the branch of psychiatry concerned with psychological methods


clinical psychology: the branch of psychology concerned with the treatment of abnormal mentation and behavior


Freudian psychology: the psychological theories of Sigmund Freud


Jungian psychology: the psychological theories of Carl Jung


anatomy: the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals


general anatomy: the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals


clinical anatomy: the practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis and treatment


applied anatomy: the practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis and treatment


comparative anatomy: the study of anatomical features of animals of different species


dental anatomy: the branch of gross anatomy concerning with the morphology of teeth


developmental anatomy: the branch of anatomy that studies structural changes of an individual from fertilization to maturity


functional anatomy: the study of anatomy in its relation to function


physiological anatomy: the study of anatomy in its relation to function


morphophysiology: the study of anatomy in its relation to function


gross anatomy: the study of the structure of the body and its parts without the use of a microscope


macroscopic anatomy: the study of the structure of the body and its parts without the use of a microscope


microscopic anatomy: the study of microscopic structures of tissues and organs


neuroanatomy: the anatomy of the nervous system


osteology: the branch of anatomy that studies the bones of the vertebrate skeleton


regional anatomy: the study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles and nerves and arteries etc.) in that region


topographic anatomy: the study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles and nerves and arteries etc.) in that region


topology: the study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles and nerves and arteries etc.) in that region


audiology: the measurement of hearing


audiometry: the measurement of hearing


pathology: the branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseases


pediatrics: the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of infants and children


paediatrics: the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of infants and children


pediatric medicine: the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of infants and children


pedology: the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of infants and children


neonatology: that branch of pediatric medicine concerned with the newborn; the diagnosis and treatment of neonates


podiatry: the branch of medicine concerned with the feet


chiropody: the branch of medicine concerned with the feet


proctology: the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the colon or rectum or anus


radiology: the branch of medical science dealing with the medical use of X-rays or other penetrating radiation


rheumatology: the branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of pathologies of the muscles or tendons or joints


rhinolaryngology: the medical specialty that deals with diseases of the ear, nose and throat


otorhinolaryngology: the medical specialty that deals with diseases of the ear, nose and throat


otolaryngology: the medical specialty that deals with diseases of the ear, nose and throat


serology: the branch of medical science that deals with serums; especially with blood serums and disease


space medicine: the branch of medicine concerned with the effects of space flight on human beings


sports medicine: the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of injuries or illness resulting from athletic activities


surgery: the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures


orthopedics: the branch of medical science concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and joints


orthopaedics: the branch of medical science concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and joints


therapeutics: branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease


toxicology: the branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature and effects and treatments of poisons


thoracic medicine: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest


traumatology: the branch of medicine that deals with the surgical repair of injuries and wounds arising from accidents


accident surgery: the branch of medicine that deals with the surgical repair of injuries and wounds arising from accidents


tropical medicine: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that are found most often in tropical regions


urology: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system


urogenital medicine: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system


veterinary medicine: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries of animals (especially domestic animals)


virology: the branch of medical science that studies viruses and viral diseases


agronomy: the application of soil and plant sciences to land management and crop production


scientific agriculture: the application of soil and plant sciences to land management and crop production


agrobiology: the study of plant nutrition and growth especially as a way to increase crop yield


agrology: science of soils in relation to crops


biogeography: dealing with the geographical distribution of animals and plants


botany: the branch of biology that studies plants


phytology: the branch of biology that studies plants


mycology: the branch of botany that studies fungi and fungus-caused diseases


pomology: the branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruits


cryobiology: the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living tissues or organs or organisms


cryonics: the freezing of a seriously ill or recently deceased person to stop tissues from decomposing; the body is preserved until new medical cures are developed that might bring the person back to life


cytology: the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells


cytogenetics: the branch of biology that studies the cellular aspects of heredity (especially the chromosomes)


ecology: the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment


bionomics: the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment


environmental science: the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment


embryology: the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms


exobiology: the branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life


space biology: the branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life


astrobiology: the branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life


forestry: the science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber


silviculture: the branch of forestry dealing with the development and care of forests


entomology: the branch of zoology that studies insects


bugology: the branch of zoology that studies insects


lepidopterology: the branch of entomology dealing with Lepidoptera


lepidoptery: the branch of entomology dealing with Lepidoptera


ethology: the branch of zoology that studies the behavior of animals in their natural habitats


herpetology: the branch of zoology concerned with reptiles and amphibians


ichthyology: the branch of zoology that studies fishes


malacology: the branch of zoology that studies the structure and behavior of mollusks


mammalogy: the branch of zoology that studies mammals


oology: the branch of zoology that studies eggs (especially birds' eggs and their size, shape, coloration, and number)


ornithology: the branch of zoology that studies birds


primatology: the branch of zoology that studies primates


protozoology: the branch of zoology that studies protozoans


paleontology: the earth science that studies fossil organisms and related remains


palaeontology: the earth science that studies fossil organisms and related remains


fossilology: the earth science that studies fossil organisms and related remains


paleoanthropology: the scientific study of human fossils


palaeoanthropology: the scientific study of human fossils


human paleontology: the scientific study of human fossils


human palaeontology: the scientific study of human fossils


paleobotany: the study of fossil plants


palaeobotany: the study of fossil plants


phycology: the branch of botany that studies algae


algology: the branch of botany that studies algae


pteridology: the branch of botany that studies ferns


paleodendrology: the branch of paleobotany that studies fossil trees


palaeodendrology: the branch of paleobotany that studies fossil trees


paleozoology: the study of fossil animals


palaeozoology: the study of fossil animals


paleomammalogy: the paleobiology of ancient mammals


paleornithology: the paleobiology of birds


palaeornithology: the paleobiology of birds


functional genomics: the branch of genomics that determines the biological function of the genes and their products


structural genomics: the branch of genomics that determines the three-dimensional structures of proteins


genetics: the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms


genetic science: the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms


genomics: the branch of genetics that studies organisms in terms of their genomes (their full DNA sequences)


proteomics: the branch of genetics that studies the full set of proteins encoded by a genome


histology: the branch of biology that studies the microscopic structure of animal or plant tissues


microbiology: the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans


molecular genetics: the branch of genetics concerned with the structure and activity of genetic material at the molecular level


molecular biology: the branch of biology that studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life (and especially with their genetic role)


morphology: the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants


neurobiology: the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system


paleobiology: a branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms


palaeobiology: a branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms


neurology: the branch of medical science that deals with the nervous system


pharmacogenetics: the branch of genetics that studies the genetically determined variations in responses to drugs in humans or laboratory organisms


teratology: the branch of biology concerned with the development of malformations or serious deviations from the normal type of organism


biochemistry: the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry


enzymology: the branch of biochemistry dealing with the chemical nature and biological activity of enzymes


zymology: the branch of chemistry concerned with fermentation (as in making wine or brewing or distilling)


zymurgy: the branch of chemistry concerned with fermentation (as in making wine or brewing or distilling)


physiology: the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms


neurophysiology: the branch of neuroscience that studies the physiology of the nervous system


neuroscience: the scientific study of the nervous system


brain science: the branch of neuroscience concerned with the brain


cognitive neuroscience: the branch of neuroscience that studies the biological foundations of mental phenomena


hemodynamics: the branch of physiology that studies the circulation of the blood and the forces involved


kinesiology: the branch of physiology that studies the mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement


myology: the branch of physiology that studies muscles


paleoecology: the branch of ecology that studies ancient ecology


palaeoecology: the branch of ecology that studies ancient ecology


radiobiology: the branch of biology that studies the effects of radiation on living organisms


sociobiology: the branch of biology that conducts comparative studies of the social organization of animals (including human beings) with regard to its evolutionary history


zoology: the branch of biology that studies animals


zoological science: the branch of biology that studies animals


chemistry: the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions


chemical science: the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions


organic chemistry: the chemistry of compounds containing carbon (originally defined as the chemistry of substances produced by living organisms but now extended to substances synthesized artificially)


inorganic chemistry: the chemistry of compounds that do not contain hydrocarbon radicals


physical chemistry: the branch of chemistry dealing with the physical properties of chemical substances


phytochemistry: the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the chemistry of plants


electrochemistry: branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions


femtochemistry: the branch of chemistry that studies elementary (often very fast) chemical reactions as they occur; the experimental methods are often based on the use of femtosecond laser pulses


geochemistry: the chemistry of the earth's crust


photochemistry: branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of light


radiochemistry: the chemistry of radioactive substances


nuclear chemistry: the chemistry of radioactive substances


surface chemistry: the branch of chemistry that studies processes occurring at interfaces between phases (especially those between liquid and gas)


physics: the science of matter and energy and their interactions


natural philosophy: the science of matter and energy and their interactions


physics: the physical properties, phenomena, and laws of something


physical science: the physical properties, phenomena, and laws of something


acoustics: the study of the physical properties of sound


astronomy: the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole


uranology: the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole


astrodynamics: the branch of astronomy that studies the motion of natural and artificial bodies in space


astrometry: the branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the position and motion of celestial bodies


radio astronomy: the branch of astronomy that detects and studies the radio waves emitted by celestial bodies