gastrointestinal system: the system that makes food absorbable into the body


systema alimentarium: the system that makes food absorbable into the body


systema digestorium: the system that makes food absorbable into the body


endocrine system: the system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity


endocrine gland: any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream


endocrine: any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream


ductless gland: any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream


thyroid gland: located near the base of the neck


thyroid: located near the base of the neck


parathyroid gland: any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland


parathyroid: any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland


sweat duct: a small duct that conveys sweat from a sudoriferous gland to the surface of the skin


sweat gland: any of the glands in the skin that secrete perspiration


sudoriferous gland: any of the glands in the skin that secrete perspiration


apocrine gland: a large sweat gland that produces both a fluid and an apocrine secretion; in human beings located in hairy regions of the body


eccrine gland: a small sweat gland that produces only a fluid; restricted to the human skin


adrenal gland: either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney


adrenal: either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney


suprarenal gland: either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney


prostate gland: a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen


prostate: a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen


lacrimal gland: any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears


lachrymal gland: any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears


tear gland: any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears


lacrimal duct: any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands


lachrymal duct: any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands


tear duct: any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands


lacrimal sac: either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands


tear sac: either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands


dacryocyst: either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands


lacrimal bone: small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts


nasolacrimal duct: a duct that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity


thymus gland: a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age


thymus: a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age


kidney: either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine


excretory organ: an organ that separates waste substances from the blood and discharges them


urinary organ: an organ that separates waste substances from the blood and discharges them


spleen: a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses


lien: a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses


artery: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body


arteria: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body


arterial blood vessel: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body


alveolar artery: a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process


arteria alveolaris: a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process


inferior alveolar artery: the alveolar artery that goes through the mandibular canal to supply the lower teeth


arteria alveolaris inferior: the alveolar artery that goes through the mandibular canal to supply the lower teeth


superior alveolar artery: the alveolar artery that supplies the upper teeth


arteria alveolaris superior: the alveolar artery that supplies the upper teeth


angular artery: the terminal branch of the facial artery


arteria angularis: the terminal branch of the facial artery


aorta: the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries


ascending aorta: the ascending part of the aorta as it emerges from the left ventricle


aortic arch: the part of the aorta that arches and turns downward


descending aorta: the descending part of the aorta that branches into the thoracic and abdominal aortae


abdominal aorta: a branch of the descending aorta


thoracic aorta: a branch of the descending aorta; divides into the iliac arteries


appendicular artery: the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the vermiform appendix


arteria appendicularis: the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the vermiform appendix


arcuate artery: curved artery in the foot


arteria arcuata: curved artery in the foot


arcuate artery of the kidney: curved arteries of the kidney


arteriole: one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries


arteriola: one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries


capillary artery: one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries


artery of the penis bulb: a branch of the internal pudendal artery of males that supplies the bulb of the penis


arteria bulbi penis: a branch of the internal pudendal artery of males that supplies the bulb of the penis


artery of the vestibule bulb: a branch of the internal pudendal artery in females that supplies the bulb of the vestibule


arteria bulbi vestibuli: a branch of the internal pudendal artery in females that supplies the bulb of the vestibule


ascending artery: the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the ascending colon


arteria ascendens: the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the ascending colon


auricular artery: artery that supplies blood to the ear


arteria auricularis: artery that supplies blood to the ear


axillary artery: the part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the armpit and is continuous with the subclavian artery above and the brachial artery below


arteria axillaris: the part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the armpit and is continuous with the subclavian artery above and the brachial artery below


basilar artery: an unpaired artery; supplies the pons and cerebellum and the back part of the cerebrum and the inner ear


arteria basilaris: an unpaired artery; supplies the pons and cerebellum and the back part of the cerebrum and the inner ear


brachial artery: the main artery of the upper arm; a continuation of the axillary artery; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow


arteria brachialis: the main artery of the upper arm; a continuation of the axillary artery; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow


radial artery: branch of the brachial artery beginning below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm


arteria radialis: branch of the brachial artery beginning below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm


bronchial artery: arteries that accompany the bronchioles


buccal artery: a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the buccinator muscle and the cheek


arteria buccalis: a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the buccinator muscle and the cheek


carotid artery: either of two major arteries of the neck and head; branches from the aorta


arteria carotis: either of two major arteries of the neck and head; branches from the aorta


common carotid artery: runs upward in the neck and divides into the external and internal carotid arteries


common carotid: runs upward in the neck and divides into the external and internal carotid arteries


external carotid artery: the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the face and tongue and external parts of the head


external carotid: the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the face and tongue and external parts of the head


internal carotid artery: the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the brain and eyes and internal parts of the head


carotid body: a chemoreceptor located near the bifurcations of the carotid arteries; monitors oxygen content of the blood and helps control respiration


celiac trunk: an artery that originates from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery


celiac artery: an artery that originates from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery


truncus celiacus: an artery that originates from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery


arteria celiaca: an artery that originates from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery


central artery of the retina: a branch of the ophthalmic artery; enters the eyeball with the optic nerve


arteria centralis retinae: a branch of the ophthalmic artery; enters the eyeball with the optic nerve


cerebellar artery: an artery that supplies the cerebellum


arteria cerebelli: an artery that supplies the cerebellum


inferior cerebellar artery: the inferior branch of the cerebellar artery


superior cerebellar artery: the superior branch of the cerebellar artery


cerebral artery: any of the arteries supplying blood to the cerebral cortex


arteria cerebri: any of the arteries supplying blood to the cerebral cortex


anterior cerebral artery: one of two branches of the internal carotid artery; divides into two branches that serve (1) the thalamus and (2) parts of the frontal and parietal cortex


middle cerebral artery: one of two branches of the internal carotid artery; divides into three branches


posterior cerebral artery: arises from the basilar artery; divides into three branches


cervical artery: an artery that supplies the muscles of the neck


areteria cervicalis: an artery that supplies the muscles of the neck


choroidal artery: an artery that supplies the choroid plexus


arteria choroidea: an artery that supplies the choroid plexus


ciliary artery: one of several arteries supplying the choroid coat of the eye


arteria ciliaris: one of several arteries supplying the choroid coat of the eye


circle of Willis: a ring of arteries at the base of the brain


circumflex artery: any of several paired curving arteries


circumflex artery of the thigh: an artery that supplies the hip joint and thigh muscles


arteria circumflexa femoris: an artery that supplies the hip joint and thigh muscles


circumflex humeral artery: an artery that supplies the shoulder joint and shoulder muscles


arteria circumflexa humeri: an artery that supplies the shoulder joint and shoulder muscles


circumflex iliac artery: an artery that supplies the lower abdominal walls and skin and the sartorius muscle


arteria circumflexa ilium: an artery that supplies the lower abdominal walls and skin and the sartorius muscle


circumflex scapular artery: an artery that serves the muscles of the shoulder and scapular area


arteria circumflexa scapulae: an artery that serves the muscles of the shoulder and scapular area


colic artery: arteries that supply blood to the colon


arteria colica: arteries that supply blood to the colon


communicating artery: any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis


arteria communicans: any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis


coronary artery: the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart


arteria coronaria: the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart


atrial artery: the branch of the coronary artery that supplies the muscles of the atria


right coronary artery: arises from the right aortic sinus; supplies the right side of the heart


left coronary artery: arises from the left aortic sinus; supplies the left side of the heart


cystic artery: a branch of the hepatic artery; supplies the gall bladder and the surface of the liver


arteria cystica: a branch of the hepatic artery; supplies the gall bladder and the surface of the liver


digital arteries: arteries in the hand and foot that supply the fingers and toes


arteria digitalis: arteries in the hand and foot that supply the fingers and toes


epigastric artery: one of three arteries supplying the anterior walls of the abdomen


arteria epigastrica: one of three arteries supplying the anterior walls of the abdomen


ethmoidal artery: a branch of the ophthalmic artery supplying structures in and around the nasal capsule


arteria ethmoidalis: a branch of the ophthalmic artery supplying structures in and around the nasal capsule


facial artery: an artery that originates in the external carotid and gives off branches that supply the neck and face


arteria facialis: an artery that originates in the external carotid and gives off branches that supply the neck and face


external maxillary artery: an artery that originates in the external carotid and gives off branches that supply the neck and face


femoral artery: the chief artery of the thigh; a continuation of the external iliac artery


arteria femoralis: the chief artery of the thigh; a continuation of the external iliac artery


popliteal artery: a continuation of the femoral artery that branches to supply the legs and feet


arteria poplitea: a continuation of the femoral artery that branches to supply the legs and feet


gastric artery: the arteries that supply the walls of the stomach


arteria gastrica: the arteries that supply the walls of the stomach


right gastric artery: a branch of the hepatic artery that supplies the pyloric portion of the stomach on the lesser curvature


ateria gastrica dextra: a branch of the hepatic artery that supplies the pyloric portion of the stomach on the lesser curvature


left gastric artery: a branch of the celiac artery that supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and the abdominal part of the esophagus


arteria gastrica sinistra: a branch of the celiac artery that supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and the abdominal part of the esophagus


short gastric artery: several small arteries branching off of the splenic artery and going to the greater curvature of the stomach


arteria gastrica breves: several small arteries branching off of the splenic artery and going to the greater curvature of the stomach


vasa brevis: several small arteries branching off of the splenic artery and going to the greater curvature of the stomach


gluteal artery: branches of the internal iliac artery that supply the hip joint and gluteal region


arteria glutes: branches of the internal iliac artery that supply the hip joint and gluteal region


hepatic artery: arteries that supply the liver


arteria hepatica: arteries that supply the liver


ileal artery: branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the ileum


intestinal artery: branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the ileum


arteria ileum: branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the ileum


ileocolic artery: an artery that originates from the superior mesenteric artery and supplies the terminal part of the ileum and the cecum and the vermiform appendix and the ascending colon


arteria ileocolica: an artery that originates from the superior mesenteric artery and supplies the terminal part of the ileum and the cecum and the vermiform appendix and the ascending colon


iliac artery: one of the large arteries supplying blood to the pelvis and legs


arteria iliaca: one of the large arteries supplying blood to the pelvis and legs


common iliac artery: terminal branches of the abdominal aorta


external iliac artery: the outer branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; becomes the femoral artery


internal iliac artery: the inner branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; divides into several branches that supply blood to the pelvic and gluteal areas


hypogastric artery: the inner branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; divides into several branches that supply blood to the pelvic and gluteal areas


iliolumbar artery: an artery that originates in the internal iliac artery and supplies the pelvic muscles and bones


arteria iliolumbalis: an artery that originates in the internal iliac artery and supplies the pelvic muscles and bones


infraorbital artery: an artery that originates from the maxillary artery and supplies structures below the orbit (from lower eyelid to upper lip)


arteria infraorbitalis: an artery that originates from the maxillary artery and supplies structures below the orbit (from lower eyelid to upper lip)


innominate artery: a large artery arising from the arch of the aorta and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery; supplies the right side of the neck and head and the right shoulder and arm


intercostal artery: several arteries and supplying the intercostal spaces of the rib cage


arteria intercostalis: several arteries and supplying the intercostal spaces of the rib cage


jejunal artery: an artery that is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum


intestinal artery: an artery that is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum


labial artery: an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lips of the mouth


arteria labialis: an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lips of the mouth


inferior labial artery: an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lower lip


arteria labialis inferior: an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lower lip


superior labial artery: an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the upper lip


arteria labialis superior: an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the upper lip


labyrinthine artery: an artery that is a branch of the basilar artery that supplies the labyrinth


artery of the labyrinth: an artery that is a branch of the basilar artery that supplies the labyrinth


internal auditory artery: an artery that is a branch of the basilar artery that supplies the labyrinth


lacrimal artery: an artery that originates from the ophthalmic artery and supplies the lacrimal gland and rectal eye muscles and the upper eyelid and the forehead


arteria lacrimalis: an artery that originates from the ophthalmic artery and supplies the lacrimal gland and rectal eye muscles and the upper eyelid and the forehead


laryngeal artery: either of two arteries that supply blood to the larynx


arteria laryngea: either of two arteries that supply blood to the larynx


lienal artery: an artery that originates from the celiac trunk and supplies blood to the spleen


splenic artery: an artery that originates from the celiac trunk and supplies blood to the spleen


arteria lienalis: an artery that originates from the celiac trunk and supplies blood to the spleen


lingual artery: an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue


arteria lingualis: an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue


lumbar artery: one of four or five pairs of arteries that originate in the abdominal aorta and supply the lumbar vertebrae and the back muscles and abdominal wall


arteria lumbalis: one of four or five pairs of arteries that originate in the abdominal aorta and supply the lumbar vertebrae and the back muscles and abdominal wall


maxillary artery: either of two arteries branching from the external carotid artery and supplying structure of the face


arteria maxillaris: either of two arteries branching from the external carotid artery and supplying structure of the face


internal maxillary artery: the maxillary artery that supplies deep structure of the face and some of the meninges


meningeal artery: any of three arteries supplying the meninges of the brain and neighboring structures


arteria meningea: any of three arteries supplying the meninges of the brain and neighboring structures


anterior meningeal artery: branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery that supplies meninges in the anterior cranial fossa


middle meningeal artery: branch of the maxillary artery; its branches supply meninges


posterior meningeal artery: branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery that supplies the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa


mesenteric artery: one of two branches of the aorta that pass between the two layers of the mesentery to the intestines


arteria mesenterica: one of two branches of the aorta that pass between the two layers of the mesentery to the intestines


inferior mesenteric artery: arises near the lower end of the aorta and supplies the large intestine


superior mesenteric artery: originates from the upper part of the aorta that supplies the small intestines and the cecum and the colon


metacarpal artery: dorsal and palmar arteries of the hand


arteria metacarpea: dorsal and palmar arteries of the hand


metatarsal artery: dorsal and plantar arteries to the metatarsal region of the foot


arteria metatarsea: dorsal and plantar arteries to the metatarsal region of the foot


musculophrenic artery: an artery that supplies the abdomen and intercostal muscles


arteria musculophrenica: an artery that supplies the abdomen and intercostal muscles


nutrient artery: an artery that supplies the medullary cavity of the long bone


arteria nutricia: an artery that supplies the medullary cavity of the long bone


ophthalmic artery: a branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the eye and neighboring structures


arteria ophthalmica: a branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the eye and neighboring structures


ovarian artery: the artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the ovaries


arteria ovarica: the artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the ovaries


palatine artery: one of several arteries supplying the face


arteria palatina: one of several arteries supplying the face


pancreatic artery: a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreas


arteria pancreatica: a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreas


perineal artery: a branch of the internal pudendal artery that supplies superficial structures of the perineum


arteria perinealis: a branch of the internal pudendal artery that supplies superficial structures of the perineum


pudendal artery: arteries supplying the external genital organs of humans


arteria pudenda: arteries supplying the external genital organs of humans


pulmonary artery: one of two arteries (branches of the pulmonary trunk) that carry venous blood from the heart to the lungs


arteria pulmonalis: one of two arteries (branches of the pulmonary trunk) that carry venous blood from the heart to the lungs


pulmonary trunk: the artery that carries venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries


truncus pulmonalis: the artery that carries venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries


rectal artery: one of the arteries supplying the rectal area


arteria rectalis: one of the arteries supplying the rectal area


renal artery: an artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters


arteria renalis: an artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters


subclavian artery: either of two arteries that supply blood to the neck and arms


arteria subclavia: either of two arteries that supply blood to the neck and arms


temporal artery: any of the three arteries on either side of the brain supplying the cortex of the temporal lobe


anterior temporal artery: temporal artery that goes to the anterior part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe


arteria temporalis anterior: temporal artery that goes to the anterior part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe


intermediate temporal artery: temporal artery that goes to the middle part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe


arteria temporalis intermedia: temporal artery that goes to the middle part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe


posterior temporal artery: temporal artery that supplies the posterior part of the cortex of the temporal lobe


arteria temporalis posterior: temporal artery that supplies the posterior part of the cortex of the temporal lobe


testicular artery: a branch of the aorta supplying the testicles


internal spermatic artery: a branch of the aorta supplying the testicles


arteria testicularis: a branch of the aorta supplying the testicles


ulnar artery: large artery that branches from the brachial artery to supply the muscles of the forearm and wrist and hand


arteria ulnaris: large artery that branches from the brachial artery to supply the muscles of the forearm and wrist and hand


uterine artery: a branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina


arteria uterina: a branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina


vaginal artery: a branch of the internal iliac that provides blood for the vagina and the base of the bladder and the rectum


arteria vaginalis: a branch of the internal iliac that provides blood for the vagina and the base of the bladder and the rectum


vertebral artery: the first branch of the subclavian artery; divided into four parts


arteria vertebralis: the first branch of the subclavian artery; divided into four parts


accessory cephalic vein: a vein that passes along the radial edge of the forearm and joins the cephalic vein near the elbow


vena cephalica accessoria: a vein that passes along the radial edge of the forearm and joins the cephalic vein near the elbow


accessory hemiazygos vein: a vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins; empties into the azygos vein


accessory hemiazygous vein: a vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins; empties into the azygos vein


vena hemiazygos accessoria: a vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins; empties into the azygos vein


accessory vertebral vein: a vein that accompanies the vertebral vein but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein


vena vertebralis accessoria: a vein that accompanies the vertebral vein but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein


accompanying vein: a vein accompanying another structure; a vein may accompany an artery in such a way that the arterial pulses aid venous return


vena comitans: a vein accompanying another structure; a vein may accompany an artery in such a way that the arterial pulses aid venous return


anastomotic vein: either of two communicating veins serving the brain


vena anastomotica: either of two communicating veins serving the brain


angular vein: a short vein formed by the supraorbital vein and the supratrochlear vein and continuing as the facial vein


vena angularis: a short vein formed by the supraorbital vein and the supratrochlear vein and continuing as the facial vein


anterior vertebral vein: a vein that accompanies the ascending cervical artery and opens into the vertebral vein


vena vertebralis anterior: a vein that accompanies the ascending cervical artery and opens into the vertebral vein


appendicular vein: a vein that accompanies the appendicular artery and empties into the ileocolic vein


vena appendicularis: a vein that accompanies the appendicular artery and empties into the ileocolic vein


arcuate vein of the kidney: veins that receive blood from interlobular veins of kidney and rectal venules


vena arcuata renis: veins that receive blood from interlobular veins of kidney and rectal venules


auricular vein: one of two veins serving the ear region


vena auricularis: one of two veins serving the ear region


axillary vein: a continuation of the basilic vein and brachial vein that becomes the subclavian vein


vena axillaris: a continuation of the basilic vein and brachial vein that becomes the subclavian vein


azygos vein: one of a system of veins that drain the thoracic and abdominal walls; arises as a continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein and terminates in the superior vena cava


azygous vein: one of a system of veins that drain the thoracic and abdominal walls; arises as a continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein and terminates in the superior vena cava


vena azygos: one of a system of veins that drain the thoracic and abdominal walls; arises as a continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein and terminates in the superior vena cava


basal vein: a large vein passing along the medial surface of the temporal lobe and emptying into the great cerebral vein


vena basalis: a large vein passing along the medial surface of the temporal lobe and emptying into the great cerebral vein


basilic vein: a vein that drains the back of the hand and forearm and empties into the axillary vein


vena basilica: a vein that drains the back of the hand and forearm and empties into the axillary vein


basivertebral vein: one of a number of veins draining the spongy substance of the vertebrae and emptying into the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus


vena basivertebralis: one of a number of veins draining the spongy substance of the vertebrae and emptying into the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus


brachial vein: two veins in either arm that accompany the brachial artery and empty into the axillary vein


vena brachialis: two veins in either arm that accompany the brachial artery and empty into the axillary vein


brachiocephalic vein: veins formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins


innominate vein: veins formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins


vena brachiocephalica: veins formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins


bronchial vein: veins serving the bronchi; empty into the azygos vein


vena bronchialis: veins serving the bronchi; empty into the azygos vein


cardinal vein: any of the major venous channels in primitive adult vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates


anterior cardinal vein: a major drainage channel from the cephalic part of the body


posterior cardinal vein: a major drainage channel from the caudal part of the body


common cardinal vein: the major return channels to the heart; formed by anastomosis of the anterior and posterior cardinal veins


central veins of liver: terminal branches of the hepatic veins that lie in the hepatic lobules and receive blood from the liver sinusoids


venae centrales hepatis: terminal branches of the hepatic veins that lie in the hepatic lobules and receive blood from the liver sinusoids


central vein of retina: vein formed by the union of the retinal veins; accompanies central arteries of the retina in the optic nerve


vena centrales retinae: vein formed by the union of the retinal veins; accompanies central arteries of the retina in the optic nerve


central vein of suprarenal gland: a single draining vein; on the right it empties into the inferior vena cava; on the left it empties into the left renal vein


vena centralis glandulae suprarenalis: a single draining vein; on the right it empties into the inferior vena cava; on the left it empties into the left renal vein


cephalic vein: a large vein of the arm that empties into the axillary vein


vena cephalica: a large vein of the arm that empties into the axillary vein


cerebellar vein: the veins draining the cerebellum


vena cerebellum: the veins draining the cerebellum


cerebral vein: any of several veins serving the cerebral hemispheres of the brain


vena cerebri: any of several veins serving the cerebral hemispheres of the brain


anterior cerebral vein: accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and empties into the basal vein


vena cerebri anterior: accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and empties into the basal vein


anterior facial vein: a continuation of the angular vein; unites with the retromandibular vein before emptying into the internal jugular vein


vena facialis anterior: a continuation of the angular vein; unites with the retromandibular vein before emptying into the internal jugular vein


great cerebral vein: a cerebral vein formed by the two internal cerebral veins and continuing into the sinus rectus


vena cerebri magna: a cerebral vein formed by the two internal cerebral veins and continuing into the sinus rectus


inferior cerebral vein: veins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses


venae cerebrum inferior: veins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses


internal cerebral vein: two paired veins passing caudally near the midline and uniting to form the great cerebral vein


vena cerebrum internus: two paired veins passing caudally near the midline and uniting to form the great cerebral vein


middle cerebral vein: either of two cerebral veins


vena cerebri media: either of two cerebral veins


deep middle cerebral vein: accompanies the middle cerebral artery deep in the Sylvian fissure; empties into the basal vein


superficial middle cerebral vein: a large vein along the line of the Sylvian fissure to the cavernous sinus


superior cerebral vein: a cerebral vein that drains the dorsal convexity of the cerebral hemisphere and empties into the cavernous sinus


vena cerebrum superior: a cerebral vein that drains the dorsal convexity of the cerebral hemisphere and empties into the cavernous sinus


cervical vein: a vein that accompanies an artery of the same name


deep cervical vein: a vein that accompanies an artery of the same name


vena cervicalis profunda: a vein that accompanies an artery of the same name


choroid vein: either of two veins serving the choroid coat of the eye


vena choroidea: either of two veins serving the choroid coat of the eye


ciliary veins: small veins coming from the ciliary body


venae ciliares: small veins coming from the ciliary body


circumflex vein: any of several curved parallel veins accompanying arteries of the same name


vena circumflexa: any of several curved parallel veins accompanying arteries of the same name


circumflex iliac vein: accompanies the artery of the same name


vena circumflexa ilium: accompanies the artery of the same name


circumflex femoral vein: either of two veins that accompany arteries of the same name serving the hip and thigh


vena circumflexus femoris: either of two veins that accompany arteries of the same name serving the hip and thigh


clitoral vein: veins that serve the clitoris


vena clitoridis: veins that serve the clitoris


colic vein: vein serving the large intestine


vena colica: vein serving the large intestine


common facial vein: vein formed by union of facial vein and the retromandibular vein and emptying into the jugular vein


conjunctival veins: veins draining the conjunctiva


venae conjunctivales: veins draining the conjunctiva


costoaxillary vein: one of several veins connecting intercostal veins with the lateral thoracic vein or the thoracoepigastric vein


cutaneous vein: one of a number of veins in the subcutaneous tissue that empty into deep veins


vena cutanea: one of a number of veins in the subcutaneous tissue that empty into deep veins


cystic vein: vein that drains the gallbladder


vena cystica: vein that drains the gallbladder


digital vein: one of the veins serving the fingers or toes


vena digitalis: one of the veins serving the fingers or toes


diploic vein: one of the veins serving the spongy part of the cranial bones


vena diploica: one of the veins serving the spongy part of the cranial bones


dorsal scapular vein: vein that is a tributary of the subclavian vein or external jugular vein and accompanies the descending scapular artery


vena scapularis dorsalis: vein that is a tributary of the subclavian vein or external jugular vein and accompanies the descending scapular artery


dorsal root: one of the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes dorsally to the spinal cord and that consists of sensory fibers


dorsal horn: one of the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes dorsally to the spinal cord and that consists of sensory fibers


emissary vein: one of several connecting veins in the scalp and head that drain blood from sinuses in the dura mater to veins outside the skull


vena emissaria: one of several connecting veins in the scalp and head that drain blood from sinuses in the dura mater to veins outside the skull


epigastric vein: veins serving the anterior walls of the abdomen


inferior epigastric vein: empties into the external iliac vein


vena epigastrica inferior: empties into the external iliac vein


superficial epigastric vein: empties into the great saphenous vein


vena epigastrica superficialis: empties into the great saphenous vein


superior epigastric veins: veins that accompany the superior epigastric artery


venae epigastricae superiores: veins that accompany the superior epigastric artery


episcleral veins: small veins in the sclera near the corneal margin; empty into the anterior ciliary veins


venae episclerales: small veins in the sclera near the corneal margin; empty into the anterior ciliary veins


esophageal veins: small veins from the esophagus emptying into the brachiocephalic vein or the azygos veins


oesophageal veins: small veins from the esophagus emptying into the brachiocephalic vein or the azygos veins


venae esophageae: small veins from the esophagus emptying into the brachiocephalic vein or the azygos veins


ethmoidal vein: veins that drain the ethmoidal sinuses and empty into the superior ophthalmic vein


vena ethmoidalis: veins that drain the ethmoidal sinuses and empty into the superior ophthalmic vein


external nasal vein: one of the veins that drain the external nose and empty into the angular or facial vein


vena nasalis externa: one of the veins that drain the external nose and empty into the angular or facial vein


facial vein: any of several veins draining the face


vena facialis: any of several veins draining the face


femoral vein: a vein that accompanies the femoral artery in the same sheath; a continuation of the popliteal vein; becomes the external iliac vein


vena femoralis: a vein that accompanies the femoral artery in the same sheath; a continuation of the popliteal vein; becomes the external iliac vein


gastric vein: one of several veins draining the stomach walls


vena gastrica: one of several veins draining the stomach walls


gastroomental vein: one of two veins serving the great curvature of the stomach


gastroepiploic vein: one of two veins serving the great curvature of the stomach


vena gastroomentalis: one of two veins serving the great curvature of the stomach


genicular vein: veins that drain blood from structures around the knee; empty into the popliteal vein


vena genus: veins that drain blood from structures around the knee; empty into the popliteal vein


glans: a small rounded structure; especially that at the end of the penis or clitoris


glans clitoridis: small mass of erectile tissue at the end of the body of the clitoris


glans penis: the conical mass of erectile tissue that forms the head of the penis


gluteal vein: veins draining the gluteal muscles on either side of the body


vena gluteus: veins draining the gluteal muscles on either side of the body


hemizygos vein: a continuation of the left ascending lumbar vein; crosses the midline at the 8th vertebra and empties into the azygos vein


hemizygous vein: a continuation of the left ascending lumbar vein; crosses the midline at the 8th vertebra and empties into the azygos vein


vena hemizygos: a continuation of the left ascending lumbar vein; crosses the midline at the 8th vertebra and empties into the azygos vein


hemorrhoidal vein: any of several veins draining the walls of the anal canal and rectum


rectal vein: any of several veins draining the walls of the anal canal and rectum


vena rectalis: any of several veins draining the walls of the anal canal and rectum


hepatic vein: a vein that drains the liver; empties into the vena cava


vena hepatica: a vein that drains the liver; empties into the vena cava


hypogastric vein: a vein that unites with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein


internal iliac vein: a vein that unites with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein


ileocolic vein: a vein that drains the end of the ileum and the appendix and the cecum and the lower part of the ascending colon


vena ileocolica: a vein that drains the end of the ileum and the appendix and the cecum and the lower part of the ascending colon


external iliac vein: a continuation of the femoral vein; unites with the internal iliac vein to form the common iliac vein


common iliac vein: formed by the internal and external iliac veins; unites with its fellow from the opposite side of the body to form the inferior vena cava


iliac vein: one of three veins draining the pelvic area


vena iliaca: one of three veins draining the pelvic area


iliolumbar vein: a branch of the internal iliac vein


vena iliolumbalis: a branch of the internal iliac vein


intercapitular vein: veins connecting the dorsal and palmar veins of the hand or the dorsal and plantar veins of the foot


vena intercapitalis: veins connecting the dorsal and palmar veins of the hand or the dorsal and plantar veins of the foot


intercostal vein: several veins draining the intercostal spaces of the rib cage


vena intercostalis: several veins draining the intercostal spaces of the rib cage


intervertebral vein: one of several veins accompanying spinal nerves


vena intervertebralis: one of several veins accompanying spinal nerves


jugular vein: veins in the neck that return blood from the head


vena jugularis: veins in the neck that return blood from the head


jugular: veins in the neck that return blood from the head


anterior jugular vein: arises below the chin from veins draining the lower face; joins the external jugular vein


external jugular vein: formed by the junction of the posterior auricular and the retromandibular veins; empties into the subclavian vein


internal jugular vein: a continuation of the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater; joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein


labial vein: a vein draining the lips of the mouth


vena labialis: a vein draining the lips of the mouth


inferior labial vein: a tributary of the facial vein that drains the lower lip


vena labialis inferior: a tributary of the facial vein that drains the lower lip


superior labial vein: a tributary of the facial vein that drains the upper lip


vena labialis superior: a tributary of the facial vein that drains the upper lip


labial vein: veins draining the lips of the vulva


vena labialis: veins draining the lips of the vulva


labyrinthine vein: veins that drain the inner ear


internal auditory vein: veins that drain the inner ear


lacrimal vein: drains the lacrimal gland; empties into the superior ophthalmic vein


vena lacrimalis: drains the lacrimal gland; empties into the superior ophthalmic vein


laryngeal vein: one of two veins draining the larynx


vena laryngea: one of two veins draining the larynx


left gastric vein: arises from a union of veins from the gastric cardia; runs in the lesser omentum; empties into the portal vein


vena gastrica sinistra: arises from a union of veins from the gastric cardia; runs in the lesser omentum; empties into the portal vein


lingual vein: a vein that receives blood from the tongue and the floor of the mouth and empties into the internal jugular or the facial vein


vena lingualis: a vein that receives blood from the tongue and the floor of the mouth and empties into the internal jugular or the facial vein


lumbar vein: veins that drain the posterior body wall and the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses


vena lumbalis: veins that drain the posterior body wall and the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses


maxillary vein: posterior continuation of the pterygoid plexus; joins the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein


vena maxillaris: posterior continuation of the pterygoid plexus; joins the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein


meningeal veins: veins at accompany the meningeal arteries


venae meningeae: veins at accompany the meningeal arteries


mesenteric vein: a tributary of the portal vein passing from the intestine between the two layers of mesentery


vena mesenterica: a tributary of the portal vein passing from the intestine between the two layers of mesentery


metacarpal vein: dorsal and palmar veins of the hand


vena metacarpus: dorsal and palmar veins of the hand


metatarsal vein: dorsal and plantar branches of veins serving the metatarsal region of the foot


vena metatarsus: dorsal and plantar branches of veins serving the metatarsal region of the foot


musculophrenic vein: veins that drain the upper abdominal wall and the lower intercostal spaces and the abdomen


vena musculophrenica: veins that drain the upper abdominal wall and the lower intercostal spaces and the abdomen


nasofrontal vein: a vein located in the anterior medial part of the orbit; connects the superior ophthalmic with the angular vein


vena nasofrontalis: a vein located in the anterior medial part of the orbit; connects the superior ophthalmic with the angular vein


oblique vein of the left atrium: a tributary of the coronary sinus; on the posterior wall of the left atrium


vena obliqua atrii sinistri: a tributary of the coronary sinus; on the posterior wall of the left atrium


obturator vein: a vein formed by the union of tributaries that drain the hip joints and thigh muscles; empties into the internal iliac vein


vena obturatoria: a vein formed by the union of tributaries that drain the hip joints and thigh muscles; empties into the internal iliac vein


occipital vein: a vein that drains the occipital region


vena occipitalis: a vein that drains the occipital region


ophthalmic vein: either of two veins that serve the eye; empties into the cavernous sinus


vena ophthalmica: either of two veins that serve the eye; empties into the cavernous sinus


inferior ophthalmic vein: a vein that drains a venous network in the floor and medial wall of the eye socket


superior ophthalmic vein: a vein that begins at the inner angle of the eye socket and passes through the superior orbital fissure to empty into the cavernous sinus


ovarian vein: one of the veins that drain the ovaries; the right opens into the inferior vena cava; the left opens into the left renal vein


vena ovarica: one of the veins that drain the ovaries; the right opens into the inferior vena cava; the left opens into the left renal vein


palatine vein: a vein that drains the region of the palate and empties into the facial vein


vena palatina: a vein that drains the region of the palate and empties into the facial vein


pancreatic vein: veins draining the pancreas and emptying into the superior mesenteric and splenic veins


venae pancreatica: veins draining the pancreas and emptying into the superior mesenteric and splenic veins


paraumbilical vein: small veins arising in skin around the navel; terminate as accessory portal veins


vena paraumbilicalis: small veins arising in skin around the navel; terminate as accessory portal veins


parotid vein: parotid branches of the facial vein; they drain part of the parotid gland and empty into the retromandibular vein


pectoral vein: veins that drain the pectoral muscles and empty into the subclavian vein


vena pectoralis: veins that drain the pectoral muscles and empty into the subclavian vein


perforating vein: veins that accompany the perforating arteries; drain leg muscles; empty into the deep femoral vein


vena perforantis: veins that accompany the perforating arteries; drain leg muscles; empty into the deep femoral vein


pericardial vein: several small veins from the pericardium


vena pericardiaca: several small veins from the pericardium


peroneal vein: accompany the peroneal arteries; arising in the heel and running up the back of the leg to join the posterior tibial veins of the popliteal vein


fibular vein: accompany the peroneal arteries; arising in the heel and running up the back of the leg to join the posterior tibial veins of the popliteal vein


vena peroneus: accompany the peroneal arteries; arising in the heel and running up the back of the leg to join the posterior tibial veins of the popliteal vein


pharyngeal vein: veins from the pharyngeal plexus that empty into the internal jugular vein


vena pharyngeus: veins from the pharyngeal plexus that empty into the internal jugular vein


phrenic vein: either of two veins that drain the diaphragm


vena phrenica: either of two veins that drain the diaphragm


popliteal vein: a vein arising in the knee and ascending to become the femoral vein


vena poplitea: a vein arising in the knee and ascending to become the femoral vein


portal system: system of veins that carry blood from the abdominal organs to the liver


portal vein: a short vein that carries blood into the liver


hepatic portal vein: a short vein that carries blood into the liver


portal: a short vein that carries blood into the liver


vena portae: a short vein that carries blood into the liver


posterior vein of the left ventricle: arises near the apex of the heart and empties into the coronary sinus


vena posterior ventriculi sinistri: arises near the apex of the heart and empties into the coronary sinus


prepyloric vein: a tributary of the right gastric vein


vena pylorica: a tributary of the right gastric vein


pudendal vein: vein of the pudendum


venae pudendum: vein of the pudendum


pulmonary vein: any of four veins that carry arterial blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart


vena pulmonalis: any of four veins that carry arterial blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart


inferior pulmonary vein: either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the inferior lobes of the lungs


vena pulmanalis inferior: either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the inferior lobes of the lungs


superior pulmonary vein: either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the superior lobes of the lungs


vena pulmonalis superior: either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the superior lobes of the lungs


pyloric vein: receives veins from the upper surfaces of the stomach and empties into the portal vein


right gastric vein: receives veins from the upper surfaces of the stomach and empties into the portal vein


vena gastrica-dextra: receives veins from the upper surfaces of the stomach and empties into the portal vein


radial vein: superficial veins ascending the radial side of the forearm; combines with the ulnar veins to form the brachial vein


vena radialis: superficial veins ascending the radial side of the forearm; combines with the ulnar veins to form the brachial vein


renal vein: veins that accompany renal arteries; open into the vena cava at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra


vena renalis: veins that accompany renal arteries; open into the vena cava at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra


retromandibular vein: posterior branch of the facial vein; formed by temporal veins in front of the ear


vena retromandibularis: posterior branch of the facial vein; formed by temporal veins in front of the ear


posterior facial vein: posterior branch of the facial vein; formed by temporal veins in front of the ear


sacral vein: vein of the sacral region


vena sacralis: vein of the sacral region


saphenous vein: either of two chief superficial veins of the leg that drain blood from the foot


vena saphena: either of two chief superficial veins of the leg that drain blood from the foot


long saphenous vein: the longest vein in the body; runs from foot to the groin where it joins the femoral vein


great saphenous vein: the longest vein in the body; runs from foot to the groin where it joins the femoral vein


short saphenous vein: a vein running from the foot up the back of the leg to the knee


scleral veins: tributaries of the anterior ciliary veins that drain the sclera of the eye


venae sclerales: tributaries of the anterior ciliary veins that drain the sclera of the eye


scrotal vein: veins passing from the scrotum to the pudendal veins


vena scrotalis: veins passing from the scrotum to the pudendal veins


sigmoid vein: tributaries of the inferior mesenteric vein; drains the sigmoid colon


vena sigmoideus: tributaries of the inferior mesenteric vein; drains the sigmoid colon


spinal vein: veins that drain the spinal cord


vena spinalis: veins that drain the spinal cord


splenic vein: a vein formed by several small veins on the surface of the spleen; joins the superior mesenteric to form the portal vein


vena lienalis: a vein formed by several small veins on the surface of the spleen; joins the superior mesenteric to form the portal vein


stellate venule: a star-shaped group of venules in the renal cortex


sternocleidomastoid vein: drains the sternocleidomastoid muscle; empties into the internal jugular vein


vena sternocleidomastoidea: drains the sternocleidomastoid muscle; empties into the internal jugular vein


stylomastoid vein: a vein that drains the tympanic cavity and empties into the retromandibular vein


vena stylomastoidea: a vein that drains the tympanic cavity and empties into the retromandibular vein


subclavian vein: a continuation of the axillary vein; joins the internal jugular to form the brachiocephalic vein


vena subclavia: a continuation of the axillary vein; joins the internal jugular to form the brachiocephalic vein


sublingual vein: a tributary of the lingual vein


vena sublingualis: a tributary of the lingual vein


supraorbital vein: drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supratrochlear vein to form the angular vein


vena supraorbitalis: drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supratrochlear vein to form the angular vein


supratrochlear vein: drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supraorbital vein to form the angular vein


vena supratrochlearis: drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supraorbital vein to form the angular vein


temporal vein: any of several veins draining the temporal region


vena temporalis: any of several veins draining the temporal region


deep temporal vein: temporal veins that empty into the pterygoid plexus


middle temporal vein: arises near the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein


superficial temporal vein: join the middle temporal vein to empty into the retromandibular vein


testicular vein: a vein from the testicles


vena testicularis: a vein from the testicles


thalamostriate vein: a vein serving the thalamus and corpus striatum


thoracoepigastric vein: a vein arising from the region of the superficial epigastric vein and opening into the axillary vein or thoracic vein


vena thoracoepigastrica: a vein arising from the region of the superficial epigastric vein and opening into the axillary vein or thoracic vein


superior thalamostriate vein: a long vein that helps to form the internal cerebral vein


inferior thalamostriate vein: tributaries to the basal vein


striate vein: tributaries to the basal vein


thoracic vein: veins that drain the thoracic walls


vena thoracica: veins that drain the thoracic walls


thyroid vein: any of several small veins draining blood from the thyroid area


vena thyroidea: any of several small veins draining blood from the thyroid area


inferior thyroid vein: any of several veins on each side that drain the thyroid gland and empty into the innominate vein


middle thyroid vein: a vein on each side that drains the lateral part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein


superior thyroid vein: a vein on each side that drains the upper part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein


tibial vein: veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein


vena tibialis: veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein


tracheal vein: several small veins from the trachea


vena trachealis: several small veins from the trachea


tympanic vein: veins from the tympanic cavity that empty into the retromandibular vein


ulnar vein: any of several veins of the forearm


vena ulnaris: any of several veins of the forearm


umbilical vein: a vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus


vena umbilicalis: a vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus


uterine vein: one of two veins on each side that arise from the uterine plexus and empty into the internal iliac vein


gallbladder: a muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile (secreted by the liver) until it is needed for digestion


gall bladder: a muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile (secreted by the liver) until it is needed for digestion


hypochondrium: the upper region of the abdomen just below the lowest ribs on either side of the epigastrium


liver: large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes


Haversian canal: any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone


hepatic lobe: any of the five lobes forming the liver


hepatic duct: the duct that drains bile from the liver


inguinal canal: oblique passage through the lower abdominal wall; in males it is the passage through which the testes descend into the scrotum and it contains the spermatic cord; in females it transmits the round ligament of the uterus


canalis inguinalis: oblique passage through the lower abdominal wall; in males it is the passage through which the testes descend into the scrotum and it contains the spermatic cord; in females it transmits the round ligament of the uterus


common bile duct: a duct formed by the hepatic and cystic ducts; opens into the duodenum


bile duct: a duct formed by the hepatic and cystic ducts; opens into the duodenum


biliary ductule: excretory ducts of the liver; empty into the hepatic ducts


pancreas: a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin


pancreatic duct: a duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine


lung: either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood


alveolar bed: lung tissue densely packed with alveoli


lobe of the lung: any of the three lobes of the right lung or the two lobes of the left lung


pleura: the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest


parietal pleura: pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm


visceral pleura: pleura that covers the lungs


pleural cavity: the cavity in the thorax that contains the lungs and heart


pleural space: the small potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura


heart: the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body


pump: the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body


ticker: the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body


athlete's heart: enlarged heart commonly found among athletes trained for endurance


biauriculate heart: a heart (as of mammals and birds and reptiles) having two auricles


pacemaker: a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat


cardiac pacemaker: a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat


sinoatrial node: a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat


SA node: a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat


cusp: a thin triangular flap of a heart valve


leaflet: a thin triangular flap of a heart valve


flap: a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body


cardiac muscle: the muscle tissue of the heart; adapted to continued rhythmic contraction


heart muscle: the muscle tissue of the heart; adapted to continued rhythmic contraction


papillary muscle: any of several muscles associated with the atrioventricular valves


atrioventricular bundle: a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract


bundle of His: a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract


atrioventricular trunk: a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract


truncus atrioventricularis: a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract


atrioventricular node: a node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium; receives impulses from the sinoatrial node and transmits them to atrioventricular bundle


myocardium: the middle muscular layer of the heart wall


Purkinje fiber: a specialized cardiac muscle fiber that is part of the Purkinje network


Purkinje network: a network of Purkinje fibers that carry the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart and causes them to contract


Purkinje's tissue: a network of Purkinje fibers that carry the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart and causes them to contract


Purkinje's system: a network of Purkinje fibers that carry the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart and causes them to contract


area of cardiac dullness: a triangular area of the front of the chest (determined by percussion); corresponds to the part of the heart not covered by the lungs


ventricle: a chamber of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it to the arteries


heart ventricle: a chamber of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it to the arteries


left ventricle: the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta


right ventricle: the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk


auricle: a small conical pouch projecting from the upper anterior part of each atrium of the heart


atrial auricle: a small conical pouch projecting from the upper anterior part of each atrium of the heart


auricula atrii: a small conical pouch projecting from the upper anterior part of each atrium of the heart


auricula: a pouch projecting from the top front of each atrium of the heart


auricular appendage: a pouch projecting from the top front of each atrium of the heart


auricular appendix: a pouch projecting from the top front of each atrium of the heart


chamber: an enclosed volume in the body


cranial cavity: the cavity enclosed by the cranium


intracranial cavity: the cavity enclosed by the cranium


atrium: any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart)


atrium cordis: the upper chamber of each half of the heart


atrium of the heart: the upper chamber of each half of the heart


right atrium: the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus


right atrium of the heart: the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus


atrium dextrum: the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus


left atrium: the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins


left atrium of the heart: the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins


atrium sinistrum: the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins


mitral valve: valve with two cusps; situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle


bicuspid valve: valve with two cusps; situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle


left atrioventricular valve: valve with two cusps; situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle


tricuspid valve: valve with three cusps; situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle; allows blood to pass from atrium to ventricle and closes to prevent backflow when the ventricle contracts


right atrioventricular valve: valve with three cusps; situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle; allows blood to pass from atrium to ventricle and closes to prevent backflow when the ventricle contracts


atrioventricular valve: either of two heart valves through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles; prevents return of blood to the atrium


aortic valve: a semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta; prevents blood from flowing from the aorta back into the heart


pulmonary valve: a semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from the artery back into the heart


semilunar valve: a heart valve with cusps shaped like half-moons; prevents blood from flowing back into the heart


heart valve: a valve to control one-way flow of blood


cardiac valve: a valve to control one-way flow of blood


valve: a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it


valvule: a small valve


valvelet: a small valve


valvula: a small valve


stomach: an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion


tummy: an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion


tum: an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion


breadbasket: an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion


epigastrium: the region lying on or over the stomach (just below the sternum)


cardia: the opening into the stomach and that part of the stomach connected to the esophagus


lymphatic system: the interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body


systema lymphaticum: the interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body


thoracic duct: the major duct of the lymphatic system


lymph vessel: a vascular duct that carries lymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation


lymphatic vessel: a vascular duct that carries lymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation


lacteal: any of the lymphatic vessels that convey chyle from the small intestine to the thoracic duct


vascular structure: a structure composed of or provided with blood vessels


vessel: a tube in which a body fluid circulates


vas: a tube in which a body fluid circulates


liquid body substance: the liquid parts of the body


bodily fluid: the liquid parts of the body


body fluid: the liquid parts of the body


humor: the liquid parts of the body


humour: the liquid parts of the body


extracellular fluid: liquid containing proteins and electrolytes including the liquid in blood plasma and interstitial fluid


ECF: liquid containing proteins and electrolytes including the liquid in blood plasma and interstitial fluid


interstitial fluid: liquid found between the cells of the body that provides much of the liquid environment of the body


intracellular fluid: liquid contained inside the cell membranes (usually containing dissolved solutes)


juice: any of several liquids of the body


succus: any of several liquids of the body


cancer juice: a milky substance found in certain cancerous growths


karyolymph: a clear liquid in the cell nucleus in which the nucleolus and chromatin and other structures are dispersed


milk: produced by mammary glands of female mammals for feeding their young


mother's milk: milk secreted by a woman who has recently given birth


colostrum: milky fluid secreted for the first day or two after parturition


foremilk: milky fluid secreted for the first day or two after parturition


amniotic cavity: the fluid-filled cavity that surrounds the developing embryo


amniotic fluid: the serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended inside the amnion


amnionic fluid: the serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended inside the amnion


waters: the serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended inside the amnion


blood: the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets


arterial blood: blood found in arteries


blood group: human blood cells (usually just the red blood cells) that have the same antigens


blood type: human blood cells (usually just the red blood cells) that have the same antigens


A: the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen


type A: the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen


group A: the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen


B: the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen


type B: the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen


group B: the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen


AB: the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens


type AB: the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens


group AB: the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens


O: the blood group whose red cells carry neither the A nor B antigens


type O: the blood group whose red cells carry neither the A nor B antigens


group O: the blood group whose red cells carry neither the A nor B antigens


Rh-positive blood type: the blood group (approximately 85% of people) whose red cells have the Rh factor (Rh antigen)


Rh positive: the blood group (approximately 85% of people) whose red cells have the Rh factor (Rh antigen)


Rh-negative blood type: the blood group whose red cells lack the Rh factor (Rh antigen)


Rh-negative blood: the blood group whose red cells lack the Rh factor (Rh antigen)


Rh negative: the blood group whose red cells lack the Rh factor (Rh antigen)


gore: coagulated blood from a wound


lifeblood: the blood considered as the seat of vitality


bloodstream: the blood flowing through the circulatory system


blood stream: the blood flowing through the circulatory system


clot: a lump of material formed from the content of a liquid


coagulum: a lump of material formed from the content of a liquid


blood clot: a semisolid mass of coagulated red and white blood cells


grume: a semisolid mass of coagulated red and white blood cells


cord blood: blood obtained from the umbilical cord at birth


menorrhea: flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years


menstrual blood: flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years


menstrual flow: flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years


venous blood: blood found in the veins


whole blood: blood that has not been modified except for the addition of an anticoagulant


serum: an amber, watery fluid, rich in proteins, that separates out when blood coagulates


blood serum: an amber, watery fluid, rich in proteins, that separates out when blood coagulates


plasma: the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended


plasm: the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended


blood plasma: the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended


antiserum: blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens; provides immunity to a disease


chyle: a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats


lymph: a thin coagulable fluid (similar to plasma but) containing white blood cells (lymphocytes) and chyle; is conveyed to the blood stream by lymphatic vessels


semen: the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract


seed: the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract


seminal fluid: the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract


ejaculate: the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract


cum: the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract


come: the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract


ink: dark protective fluid ejected into the water by cuttlefish and other cephalopods


secretion: a functionally specialized substance (especially one that is not a waste) released from a gland or cell


lacrimal secretion: saline fluid secreted by lacrimal glands; lubricates the surface of the eyeball


lachrymal secretion: saline fluid secreted by lacrimal glands; lubricates the surface of the eyeball


tear: a drop of the clear salty saline solution secreted by the lacrimal glands


teardrop: a drop of the clear salty saline solution secreted by the lacrimal glands


lacrimal apparatus: the structures that secrete and drain tears from the eye


perspiration: salty fluid secreted by sweat glands


sweat: salty fluid secreted by sweat glands


sudor: salty fluid secreted by sweat glands


digestive juice: secretions that aid digestion


digestive fluid: secretions that aid digestion


gastric juice: digestive secretions of the stomach glands consisting chiefly of hydrochloric acid and mucin and the enzymes pepsin and rennin and lipase


gastric acid: digestive secretions of the stomach glands consisting chiefly of hydrochloric acid and mucin and the enzymes pepsin and rennin and lipase


pancreatic juice: a fluid secreted into the duodenum by the pancreas; important for breaking down starches and proteins and fats


bile: a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats


gall: a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats


black bile: a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the kidneys or spleen and to cause sadness and melancholy


melancholy: a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the kidneys or spleen and to cause sadness and melancholy


yellow bile: a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the liver and to cause irritability and anger


choler: a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the liver and to cause irritability and anger


hormone: the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect


endocrine: the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect


internal secretion: the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect


intestinal juice: secretions by glands lining the walls of the intestines


noradrenaline: a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses


norepinephrine: a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses


adrenocorticotropic hormone: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex


adrenocorticotrophic hormone: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex


ACTH: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex


adrenocorticotropin: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex


adrenocorticotrophin: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex


corticotropin: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex


corticotrophin: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex


epinephrine: a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action


epinephrin: a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action


adrenaline: a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action


Adrenalin: a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action


gastrointestinal hormone: hormones that affect gastrointestinal functioning


GI hormones: hormones that affect gastrointestinal functioning


gastrin: polypeptide hormone secreted by the mucous lining of the stomach; when peptides and amino acids are present in the small intestine the secretion of gastric acid is stimulated


cholecystokinin: a gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction and emptying of the gall bladder; its release is stimulated by the presence of fatty acids and amino acids in the small intestine


secretin: a gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile ducts whenever the stomach empties too much acid into the small intestine


ghrelin: a gastrointestinal hormone produced by epithelial cells lining the fundus of the stomach; appears to be a stimulant for appetite and feeding, but is also a strong stimulant of growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary


motilin: a gastrointestinal hormone that apparently participates in controlling smooth muscle contractions in the stomach and small intestine


glucagon: a hormone secreted by the pancreas; stimulates increases in blood sugar levels in the blood (thus opposing the action of insulin)


gonadotropin: hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity


gonadotrophin: hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity


gonadotropic hormone: hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity


gonadotrophic hormone: hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity


insulin: hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells


Lente Insulin: trade names for forms of insulin that are used to treat diabetes mellitus


Lente Iletin: trade names for forms of insulin that are used to treat diabetes mellitus


recombinant human insulin: a form of insulin (trade name Humulin) made from recombinant DNA that is identical to human insulin; used to treat diabetics who are allergic to preparations made from beef or pork insulin


Humulin: a form of insulin (trade name Humulin) made from recombinant DNA that is identical to human insulin; used to treat diabetics who are allergic to preparations made from beef or pork insulin


melatonin: hormone secreted by the pineal gland


neurohormone: a hormone that is released by nerve impulses (e.g., norepinephrine or vasopressin)


oxytocin: hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitocin); stimulates contractions of the uterus and ejection of milk


Pitocin: hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitocin); stimulates contractions of the uterus and ejection of milk


parathyroid hormone: hormone synthesized and released into the blood stream by the parathyroid glands; regulates phosphorus and calcium in the body and functions in neuromuscular excitation and blood clotting


parathormone: hormone synthesized and released into the blood stream by the parathyroid glands; regulates phosphorus and calcium in the body and functions in neuromuscular excitation and blood clotting


relaxin: hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during the last days of pregnancy; relaxes the pelvic ligaments and prepares the uterus for labor


releasing hormone: any of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; each of these hormones causes the anterior pituitary to secrete a specific hormone


RH: any of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; each of these hormones causes the anterior pituitary to secrete a specific hormone


releasing factor: any of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; each of these hormones causes the anterior pituitary to secrete a specific hormone


hypothalamic releasing hormone: any of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; each of these hormones causes the anterior pituitary to secrete a specific hormone


hypothalamic releasing factor: any of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; each of these hormones causes the anterior pituitary to secrete a specific hormone


somatotropin: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans


somatotrophin: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans


somatotropic hormone: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans


somatotrophic hormone: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans


STH: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans


human growth hormone: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans


growth hormone: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans


Protropin: trade name of a synthetic human growth hormone given to children deficient in the hormone; use by athletes and weightlifters is banned


thymosin: hormone secreted by the thymus; stimulates immunological activity of lymphoid tissue


thyroid hormone: any of several closely related compounds that are produced by the thyroid gland and are active metabolically


calcitonin: thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone


thyrocalcitonin: thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone


thyroxine: hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells


thyroxin: hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells


tetraiodothyronine: hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells


T: hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells


triiodothyronine: thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but with one less iodine atom per molecule and produced in smaller quantity; exerts the same biological effects as thyroxine but is more potent and briefer


liothyronine: thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but with one less iodine atom per molecule and produced in smaller quantity; exerts the same biological effects as thyroxine but is more potent and briefer


T: thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but with one less iodine atom per molecule and produced in smaller quantity; exerts the same biological effects as thyroxine but is more potent and briefer


vasopressin: hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules


antidiuretic hormone: hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules


ADH: hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules


Pitressin: hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules


autacoid: any physiologically active internal secretion especially one of uncertain classification


autocoid: any physiologically active internal secretion especially one of uncertain classification


histamine: amine formed from histidine that stimulates gastric secretions and dilates blood vessels; released by the human immune system during allergic reactions


prostaglandin: a potent substance that acts like a hormone and is found in many bodily tissues (and especially in semen); produced in response to trauma and may affect blood pressure and metabolism and smooth muscle activity


synovia: viscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and tendon sheaths etc.


synovial fluid: viscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and tendon sheaths etc.


mucus: protective secretion of the mucus membranes; in the gut it lubricates the passage of food and protects the epithelial cells; in the nose and throat and lungs it can make it difficult for bacteria to penetrate the body through the epithelium


mucous secretion: protective secretion of the mucus membranes; in the gut it lubricates the passage of food and protects the epithelial cells; in the nose and throat and lungs it can make it difficult for bacteria to penetrate the body through the epithelium


phlegm: expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it was believed to cause sluggishness


sputum: expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it was believed to cause sluggishness


snot: nasal mucus


booger: dried nasal mucus


saliva: a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches


spit: a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches


spittle: a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches


salivary duct: a duct through which saliva passes from the salivary gland into the mouth


drool: saliva spilling from the mouth


dribble: saliva spilling from the mouth


drivel: saliva spilling from the mouth


slobber: saliva spilling from the mouth


tobacco juice: saliva colored brown by tobacco (snuff or chewing tobacco)


sebum: the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands; with perspiration it moistens and protects the skin


smegma: a white secretion of the sebaceous glands of the foreskin


lochia: substance discharged from the vagina (cellular debris and mucus and blood) that gradually decreases in amount during the weeks following childbirth


pus: a fluid product of inflammation


purulence: a fluid product of inflammation


suppuration: a fluid product of inflammation


ichor: a fluid product of inflammation


sanies: a fluid product of inflammation


festering: a fluid product of inflammation


gleet: a thin morbid discharge as from a wound or especially chronic gonorrhea


leukorrhea: discharge of white mucous material from the vagina; often an indication of infection


leucorrhea: discharge of white mucous material from the vagina; often an indication of infection


blood vessel: a vessel in which blood circulates


ductus arteriosus: a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta; normally closes at birth


patent ductus arteriosus: a ductus arteriosus that failed to close at birth; may require surgical correction


vasa vasorum: any small blood vessel ramifying on the outside of a major artery or vein


vein: a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart


vena: a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart


venous blood vessel: a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart


venation: (zoology) the system of venous blood vessels in an animal


venous blood system: (zoology) the system of venous blood vessels in an animal


varicose vein: a vein that is permanently dilated; most common in the legs


vena bulbi penis: vein of the head of the penis; tributary of the internal pudendal vein that drains the perineum


vena canaliculi cochleae: vein of the cochlear canal


vein of penis: a vein serving the penis


venae dorsales penis superficiales: superficial dorsal veins of the penis; paired tributaries of the external pudendal veins on each side


venae dorsales penis profunda: deep dorsal vein of the penis; tributary of the prostatic plexus


vena profunda penis: deep vein of the penis; enters the prostatic plexus


vena bulbi vestibuli: vein of the vestibular bulb


vena cava: either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart


inferior vena cava: receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart; formed from the union of the two iliac veins


postcava: receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart; formed from the union of the two iliac veins


superior vena cava: receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins


precava: receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins


venae profundae clitoridis: deep veins of the clitoris; join the vesical plexus


vena dorsalis clitoridis profunda: deep dorsal vein of the clitoris; tributary of the vesical venous plexus


venae dorsales clitoridis superficiales: superficial dorsal veins of the clitoris; tributaries of the external pudendal vein on either side


venae palpebrales: veins of the eyelids


venae interlobulares renis: interlobular veins of the kidney; receive blood from the arcuate vein and empty into the renal veins


venae interlobulares hepatis: interlobular veins of the liver


venae renis: veins of the kidney; drain the kidney into the renal vein


venae labiales anteriores: veins from the labia majora to the external pudendal vein


anterior labial veins: veins from the labia majora to the external pudendal vein


venae labiales posteriores: veins that pass posterior from the labia majora to the internal pudendal vein


posterior labial veins: veins that pass posterior from the labia majora to the internal pudendal vein


venter: a bulging body part (as the belly of a muscle)


venter: the womb


ventral root: one of two the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes ventrally from the spinal cord and that consists of motor fibers


ventral horn: one of two the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes ventrally from the spinal cord and that consists of motor fibers


anterior root: one of two the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes ventrally from the spinal cord and that consists of motor fibers


anterior horn: one of two the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes ventrally from the spinal cord and that consists of motor fibers


vertebral vein: a vein that goes through the foramina of the cervical vertebrae and forms a plexus around the vertebral artery; empties into the brachiocephalic vein


vena vertebralis: a vein that goes through the foramina of the cervical vertebrae and forms a plexus around the vertebral artery; empties into the brachiocephalic vein


vesical vein: veins that drain the vesical plexus and join the internal iliac veins


vena vesicalis: veins that drain the vesical plexus and join the internal iliac veins


vestibular vein: veins that drain the saccule and utricle


vena vestibularis: veins that drain the saccule and utricle


vortex vein: a vein formed by branches from the back surface of the eye and the ciliary body; empties into the ophthalmic veins


vorticose vein: a vein formed by branches from the back surface of the eye and the ciliary body; empties into the ophthalmic veins


vena vorticosum: a vein formed by branches from the back surface of the eye and the ciliary body; empties into the ophthalmic veins


capillary: any of the minute blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules


capillary vessel: any of the minute blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules


venule: a minute vein continuous with a capillary


venula: a minute vein continuous with a capillary


capillary vein: a minute vein continuous with a capillary


membrane: a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants


tissue layer: a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants


retina: the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve


ganglion cell: a nerve cell whose body is outside the central nervous system


gangliocyte: a nerve cell whose body is outside the central nervous system


sarcolemma: an extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber


peritoneum: a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera


peritoneal cavity: the interior of the peritoneum; a potential space between layers of the peritoneum


greater peritoneal sac: the interior of the peritoneum; a potential space between layers of the peritoneum


bursa omentalis: an isolated part of the peritoneal cavity that is dorsal to the stomach


omental bursa: an isolated part of the peritoneal cavity that is dorsal to the stomach


lesser peritoneal cavity: an isolated part of the peritoneal cavity that is dorsal to the stomach


endocardium: the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves


pericardium: a serous membrane with two layers that surrounds the heart


epicardium: the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium


visceral pericardium: the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium


parietal pericardium: the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum


pericardial cavity: the space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid that lubricates the membrane surfaces and allows easy heart movement


pericardial space: the space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid that lubricates the membrane surfaces and allows easy heart movement


mesentery: a double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines


mesocolon: mesentery that holds the lower colon to the dorsal abdominal wall


omentum: a fold of peritoneum supporting the viscera


greater omentum: part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines


gastrocolic omentum: part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines


caul: part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines


lesser omentum: a part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and liver and supporting the hepatic vessels


submucosa: the connective tissue beneath mucous membrane


lymph node: the source of lymph and lymphocytes


lymph gland: the source of lymph and lymphocytes


node: the source of lymph and lymphocytes


axillary node: any of the lymph glands of the armpit; fights infections in the neck and chest and arm regions


Peyer's patch: any of several lymph nodes in the walls of the intestines near the junction of the ileum and colon


Peter's gland: any of several lymph nodes in the walls of the intestines near the junction of the ileum and colon