melanise: convert into, or infiltrate with melanin


lighten: become lighter


lighten up: become lighter


discolor: change color, often in an undesired manner


discolour: change color, often in an undesired manner


colour: change color, often in an undesired manner


color: change color, often in an undesired manner


blackwash: color with blackwash


sallow: cause to become sallow


bronze: give the color and appearance of bronze to something


discolor: cause to lose or change color


wash out: drain off the color in the course of laundering


turn: change color


silver: turn silver


foliate: grow leaves


discolor: lose color or turn colorless


dye: color with dye


stain: color for microscopic study


deep-dye: dye thoroughly


henna: apply henna to one's hair


impress: dye (fabric) before it is spun


yarn-dye: dye (fabric) before it is spun


color: add color to


colorize: add color to


colorise: add color to


colourise: add color to


colourize: add color to


colour: add color to


color in: add color to


colour in: add color to


motley: make motley; color with different colors


parti-color: make motley; color with different colors


polychrome: color with many colors; make polychrome


polychromize: color with many colors; make polychrome


polychromise: color with many colors; make polychrome


azure: color azure


purple: color purple


empurple: color purple


purpurate: color purple


aurify: turn golden


verdigris: color verdigris


pinkify: make pink


incarnadine: make flesh-colored


madder: color a moderate to strong red


embrown: make brown in color


brown: make brown in color


handcolor: color by hand


handcolour: color by hand


stain: color with a liquid dye or tint


ebonize: stain black to make it look like ebony


ebonise: stain black to make it look like ebony


dip: stain an object by immersing it in a liquid


stain: produce or leave stains


smut: stain with a dirty substance, such as soot


tint: color lightly


tinct: color lightly


tinge: color lightly


touch: color lightly


pigment: color or dye with a pigment


pigment: acquire pigment; become colored or imbued


tincture: stain or tint with a color


imbue: suffuse with color


hue: suffuse with color


complexion: give a certain color to


hue: take on color or become colored


fast dye: dye with fast colors


double dye: dye twice


tie-dye: dye after knotting the fabric to produce an irregular pattern


retouch: give retouches to (hair)


hand-dye: dye by hand


batik: dye with wax


piece-dye: dye after weaving


redden: turn red or redder


blush: become rosy or reddish


purple: become purple


grey: turn grey


gray: turn grey


silver: make silver in color


grey: make grey


gray: make grey


yellow: turn yellow


tone: change to a color image


tone: change the color or tone of


escalate: increase in extent or intensity


intensify: increase in extent or intensity


step up: increase in extent or intensity


redouble: double in magnitude, extent, or intensity


de-escalate: reduce the level or intensity or size or scope of


weaken: reduce the level or intensity or size or scope of


step down: reduce the level or intensity or size or scope of


de-escalate: diminish in size, scope, or intensity


radiate: send out real or metaphoric rays


effuse: give out or emit (also metaphorically)


irradiate: expose to radiation


ray: expose to radiation


bombard: direct high energy particles or radiation against


irradiate: cast rays of light upon


light: make lighter or brighter


illume: make lighter or brighter


illumine: make lighter or brighter


light up: make lighter or brighter


illuminate: make lighter or brighter


floodlight: illuminate with floodlights


spotlight: illuminate with a spotlight, as in the theater


cut: cease, stop


cut off: cease, stop


mutilate: destroy or injure severely


mangle: destroy or injure severely


cut up: destroy or injure severely


clip: terminate or abbreviate before its intended or proper end or its full extent


curtail: terminate or abbreviate before its intended or proper end or its full extent


cut short: terminate or abbreviate before its intended or proper end or its full extent


fancify: make more beautiful


beautify: make more beautiful


embellish: make more beautiful


prettify: make more beautiful


uglify: make ugly


dress up: make something appear superficially attractive


window-dress: make something appear superficially attractive


blossom: develop or come to a promising stage


blossom out: develop or come to a promising stage


blossom forth: develop or come to a promising stage


unfold: develop or come to a promising stage


spruce up: make neat, smart, or trim


spruce: make neat, smart, or trim


titivate: make neat, smart, or trim


tittivate: make neat, smart, or trim


smarten up: make neat, smart, or trim


slick up: make neat, smart, or trim


spiff up: make neat, smart, or trim


bloom: produce or yield flowers


blossom: produce or yield flowers


flower: produce or yield flowers


effloresce: come into or as if into flower


burst forth: come into or as if into flower


spike: bring forth a spike or spikes


spike out: bring forth a spike or spikes


temper: make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate


season: make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate


mollify: make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate


season: make fit


harden: make fit


temper: adjust the pitch (of pianos)


tune: adjust the pitches of (musical instruments)


tune up: adjust the pitches of (musical instruments)


untune: cause to be out of tune


calibrate: make fine adjustments or divide into marked intervals for optimal measuring


graduate: make fine adjustments or divide into marked intervals for optimal measuring


fine-tune: make fine adjustments or divide into marked intervals for optimal measuring


tune: adjust for (better) functioning


tune up: adjust for (better) functioning


adjust: alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard


set: alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard


correct: alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard


time: adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time


trim: adjust (sails on a ship) so that the wind is optimally used


zero: adjust (as by firing under test conditions) the zero of (a gun)


zero in: adjust (as by firing under test conditions) the zero of (a gun)


zero: adjust (an instrument or device) to zero value


readjust: adjust again after an initial failure


reset: adjust again after an initial failure


attune: adjust or accustom to; bring into harmony with


time: regulate or set the time of


adjust: make correspondent or conformable


gear: set the level or character of


pitch: set the level or character of


pitch: set to a certain pitch


set: set to a certain position or cause to operate correctly


reset: set to zero


set: put into a certain state; cause to be in a certain state


keynote: set the keynote of


regulate: fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of


modulate: fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of


adapt: make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose


accommodate: make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose


fit: insert or adjust several objects or people


anglicise: make English in appearance


anglicize: make English in appearance


fit: make fit


qualify: make fit or prepared


dispose: make fit or prepared


habilitate: qualify for teaching at a university in Europe


capacitate: make capable


disqualify: make unfit or unsuitable


unfit: make unfit or unsuitable


indispose: make unfit or unsuitable


shoehorn: fit for a specific purpose even when not well suited


tailor: adjust to a specific need or market


orient: adjust to a specific need or market


domesticate: make fit for cultivation, domestic life, and service to humans


tame: make fit for cultivation, domestic life, and service to humans


domesticate: overcome the wildness of; make docile and tractable


domesticize: overcome the wildness of; make docile and tractable


domesticise: overcome the wildness of; make docile and tractable


reclaim: overcome the wildness of; make docile and tractable


tame: overcome the wildness of; make docile and tractable


domesticate: adapt (a wild plant or unclaimed land) to the environment


cultivate: adapt (a wild plant or unclaimed land) to the environment


naturalize: adapt (a wild plant or unclaimed land) to the environment


naturalise: adapt (a wild plant or unclaimed land) to the environment


tame: adapt (a wild plant or unclaimed land) to the environment


fine-tune: adjust finely


tweak: adjust finely


temper: harden by reheating and cooling in oil


harden: harden by reheating and cooling in oil


anneal: bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling


temper: bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling


normalize: bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling


toughen: make tough or tougher


widen: become broader or wider or more extensive


widen: make wider


white out: widen the interlinear spacing by inserting leads


let out: make (clothes) larger


widen: make (clothes) larger


take in: make (clothes) smaller


flare out: become flared and widen, usually at one end


flare: become flared and widen, usually at one end


constrict: become tight or as if tight


constringe: become tight or as if tight


narrow: become tight or as if tight


astringe: become constricted or compressed


strangulate: become constricted


bottleneck: become narrow, like a bottleneck


narrow: make or become more narrow or restricted


contract: make or become more narrow or restricted


taper off: become smaller or less active


dilate: become wider


distend: become wider


implode: burst inward


go off: burst inward


explode: burst outward, usually with noise


burst: burst outward, usually with noise


detonate: burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction


explode: burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction


blow up: burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction


explode: be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise


burst forth: be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise


break loose: be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise


explode: cause to burst with a violent release of energy


detonate: cause to burst with a violent release of energy


blow up: cause to burst with a violent release of energy


set off: cause to burst with a violent release of energy


fulminate: cause to explode violently and with loud noise


crump: explode heavily or with a loud dull noise


go off: be discharged or activated


dynamite: blow up with dynamite


erupt: become active and spew forth lava and rocks


belch: become active and spew forth lava and rocks


extravasate: become active and spew forth lava and rocks


erupt: erupt or intensify suddenly


irrupt: erupt or intensify suddenly


flare up: erupt or intensify suddenly


flare: erupt or intensify suddenly


break open: erupt or intensify suddenly


burst out: erupt or intensify suddenly


dehisce: burst or split open


oxygenize: dehydrogenate with oxygen


oxygenise: dehydrogenate with oxygen


dehydrogenate: remove hydrogen from


hydrogenate: combine or treat with or expose to hydrogen; add hydrogen to the molecule of (an unsaturated organic compound)


oxygenize: change (a compound) by increasing the proportion of the electronegative part; or change (an element or ion) from a lower to a higher positive valence: remove one or more electrons from (an atom, ion, or molecule)


oxygenise: change (a compound) by increasing the proportion of the electronegative part; or change (an element or ion) from a lower to a higher positive valence: remove one or more electrons from (an atom, ion, or molecule)


erupt: become raw or open


recrudesce: become raw or open


break out: become raw or open


burst: come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure


split: come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure


break open: come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure


pop: burst open with a sharp, explosive sound


pop: cause to burst with a loud, explosive sound


puncture: be pierced or punctured


blow: burst suddenly


stave: burst or force (a hole) into something


stave in: burst or force (a hole) into something


boom: grow vigorously


thrive: grow vigorously


flourish: grow vigorously


expand: grow vigorously


proliferate: grow rapidly


luxuriate: thrive profusely or flourish extensively


boost: give a boost to; be beneficial to


blur: become vague or indistinct


dim: become vague or indistinct


slur: become vague or indistinct


obliterate: remove completely from recognition or memory


efface: remove completely from recognition or memory


darken: make dark or darker


infuscate: darken with a brownish tinge, as of insect wings


embrown: cause to darken


murk: make dark, dim, or gloomy


dun: make a dun color


blind: make dim by comparison or conceal


dim: make dim by comparison or conceal


darken: become dark or darker


dusk: become dusk


black out: darken completely


blacken out: darken completely


brighten: make lighter or brighter


lighten up: make lighter or brighter


lighten: make lighter or brighter


blur: make dim or indistinct


blear: make dim or indistinct


weed: clear of weeds


stub: clear of weeds by uprooting them


dim: make dim or lusterless


dim: become dim or lusterless


obscure: make obscure or unclear


bedim: make obscure or unclear


overcloud: make obscure or unclear


benight: make darker and difficult to perceive by sight


bedim: make darker and difficult to perceive by sight


obscure: make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing


blot out: make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing


obliterate: make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing


veil: make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing


hide: make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing


focus: put (an image) into focus


focalize: put (an image) into focus


focalise: put (an image) into focus


sharpen: put (an image) into focus


refocus: put again into focus or focus more sharply


focus: become focussed or come into focus


focalize: become focussed or come into focus


focalise: become focussed or come into focus


depreciate: lose in value


undervalue: lose in value


devaluate: lose in value


devalue: lose in value


depreciate: lower the value of something


appreciate: increase the value of


apprize: increase the value of


apprise: increase the value of


revalue: value anew


expense: reduce the estimated value of something


write off: reduce the estimated value of something


write down: reduce the estimated value of something


appreciate: gain in value


apprize: gain in value


apprise: gain in value


revalue: gain in value


deafen: make soundproof


shorten: become short or shorter


lengthen: become long or longer


shorten: make shorter than originally intended; reduce or retrench in length or duration


syncopate: omit a sound or letter in a word


truncate: make shorter as if by cutting off


cut short: make shorter as if by cutting off


broaden: become broader


broaden: make broader


lengthen: make longer


prolong: lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer


protract: lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer


extend: lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer


draw out: lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer


extend: prolong the time allowed for payment of


temporize: draw out a discussion or process in order to gain time


temporise: draw out a discussion or process in order to gain time


spin: prolong or extend


spin out: prolong or extend


elongate: make long or longer by pulling and stretching


stretch: make long or longer by pulling and stretching


tree: stretch (a shoe) on a shoetree


shoetree: stretch (a shoe) on a shoetree


size: make to a size; bring to a suitable size


scale: size or measure according to a scale


resize: change the size of; make the size more appropriate


rescale: establish on a new scale


bake: cook and make edible by putting in a hot oven


ovenbake: bake in an oven


brown: fry in a pan until it changes color


coddle: cook in nearly boiling water


fire: bake in a kiln so as to harden


farce: fill with a stuffing while cooking


stuff: fill with a stuffing while cooking


fetishize: make a fetish of


feudalize: bring (a country or people) under feudalism


stuff: fill tightly with a material


cork: stuff with cork


pad: add padding to


bolster: add padding to


baste: cover with liquid before cooking


souse: cook in a marinade


microwave: cook or heat in a microwave oven


micro-cook: cook or heat in a microwave oven


zap: cook or heat in a microwave oven


nuke: cook or heat in a microwave oven


crispen: make brown and crisp by heating


toast: make brown and crisp by heating


crisp: make brown and crisp by heating


shirr: bake (eggs) in their shells until they are set


blanch: cook (vegetables) briefly


parboil: cook (vegetables) briefly


overboil: boil excessively


cook: transform and make suitable for consumption by heating


cook: transform by heating


overcook: cook too long


fricassee: make a fricassee of by cooking


stew: cook slowly and for a long time in liquid


jug: stew in an earthenware jug


simmer: boil slowly at low temperature


seethe: boil vigorously


roll: boil vigorously


roast: cook with dry heat, usually in an oven


barbeque: cook outdoors on a barbecue grill


barbecue: cook outdoors on a barbecue grill


cook out: cook outdoors on a barbecue grill


pan roast: roast in a pan


braise: cook in liquid


fry: cook on a hot surface using fat


frizzle: fry something until it curls and becomes crisp


deep-fat-fry: fry in deep fat


griddle: cook on a griddle


pan-fry: fry in a pan


slenderize: make slender or appear to be slender


slenderise: make slender or appear to be slender


french-fry: cook by immersing in fat


deep-fry: cook by immersing in fat


stir fry: fry very quickly over high heat


saute: fry briefly over high heat


grill: cook over a grill


hibachi: cook over a hibachi grill


steam: cook something by letting steam pass over it


steep: let sit in a liquid to extract a flavor or to cleanse


infuse: let sit in a liquid to extract a flavor or to cleanse


infuse: undergo the process of infusion


brew: sit or let sit in boiling water so as to extract the flavor


draw: steep; pass through a strainer


boil: immerse or be immersed in a boiling liquid, often for cooking purposes


broil: cook under a broiler


oven broil: cook under a broiler


pan-broil: broil in a pan


pressure-cook: cook in a pressure cooker


branch: divide into two or more branches so as to form a fork


ramify: divide into two or more branches so as to form a fork


fork: divide into two or more branches so as to form a fork


furcate: divide into two or more branches so as to form a fork


separate: divide into two or more branches so as to form a fork


ramify: grow and send out branches or branch-like structures


branch: grow and send out branches or branch-like structures


arborize: branch out like trees


arborise: branch out like trees


twig: branch out in a twiglike manner


bifurcate: divide into two branches


trifurcate: divide into three


atomize: break up into small particles


atomise: break up into small particles


dialyse: separate by dialysis


dialyze: separate by dialysis


break up: cause to separate


disperse: cause to separate


scatter: cause to separate


backscatter: scatter (radiation) by the atoms of the medium through which it passes


peptize: disperse in a medium into a colloidal state


peptise: disperse in a medium into a colloidal state


grind: reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading


mash: reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading


crunch: reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading


bray: reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading


comminute: reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading


pound: break down and crush by beating, as with a pestle


pulp: reduce to pulp


pestle: grind, mash or pulverize in a mortar


mill: grind with a mill


powderize: make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust


powderise: make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust


powder: make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust


pulverize: make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust


pulverise: make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust


powderize: become powder or dust


pulverize: become powder or dust


pulverise: become powder or dust


powderise: become powder or dust


run: become undone


unravel: become undone


partition: separate or apportion into sections


zone: separate or apportion into sections


subdivide: divide into smaller and smaller pieces


subdivide: form into subdivisions


screen off: partition by means of a divider, such as a screen


separate off: partition by means of a divider, such as a screen


burst: break open or apart suddenly and forcefully


bust: break open or apart suddenly and forcefully


shatter: break into many pieces


shatter: cause to break into many pieces


shatter: damage or destroy


break: become separated into pieces or fragments


separate: become separated into pieces or fragments


split up: become separated into pieces or fragments


fall apart: become separated into pieces or fragments


come apart: become separated into pieces or fragments


smash: break suddenly into pieces, as from a violent blow


ladder: come unraveled or undone as if by snagging


run: come unraveled or undone as if by snagging


break: destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments


fracture: break into pieces


break in: break so as to fall inward


stave in: break in the staves (of)


sunder: break apart or in two, using violence


smash: break into pieces, as by striking or knocking over


dash: break into pieces, as by striking or knocking over


blast: shatter as if by explosion


knock down: shatter as if by explosion


crack: become fractured; break or crack on the surface only


check: become fractured; break or crack on the surface only


break: become fractured; break or crack on the surface only


check: make cracks or chinks in


chink: make cracks or chinks in


crack: cause to become cracked


fissure: break into fissures or fine cracks


snap: break suddenly and abruptly, as under tension


crack: break suddenly and abruptly, as under tension


crack: break partially but keep its integrity


chap: crack due to dehydration


craze: develop a fine network of cracks


alligator: crack and acquire the appearance of alligator hide, as from weathering or improper application; of paint and varnishes


splinter: break up into splinters or slivers


sliver: break up into splinters or slivers


break up: break or cause to break into pieces


fragment: break or cause to break into pieces


fragmentize: break or cause to break into pieces


fragmentise: break or cause to break into pieces


dissolve: declare void


dismiss: declare void


rag: break into lumps before sorting


crumb: break into crumbs


brecciate: break into breccia


crush: break into small pieces


bruise: break up into small pieces for food preparation


break: happen


recrudesce: happen


develop: happen


arise: result or issue


come up: result or issue


happen: come to pass


hap: come to pass


go on: come to pass


pass off: come to pass


occur: come to pass


pass: come to pass


fall out: come to pass


come about: come to pass


take place: come to pass


result: come about or follow as a consequence


intervene: occur between other event or between certain points of time


transpire: come about, happen, or occur


give: occur


operate: happen


supervene: take place as an additional or unexpected development


proceed: follow a certain course


go: follow a certain course


drag: proceed for an extended period of time


drag on: proceed for an extended period of time


drag out: proceed for an extended period of time


come: come to pass; arrive, as in due course


fall: come as if by falling


descend: come as if by falling


settle: come as if by falling


fall: go as if by falling


fall: occur at a specified time or place


anticipate: be a forerunner of or occur earlier than


come: be found or available


develop: be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest


transpire: come to light; become known


recur: happen or occur again


repeat: happen or occur again


iterate: run or be performed again


cycle: recur in repeating sequences


go off: happen in a particular manner


come off: happen in a particular manner


go over: happen in a particular manner


come around: happen regularly


roll around: happen regularly


happen: come into being; become reality


materialize: come into being; become reality


materialise: come into being; become reality


dematerialize: become immaterial; disappear


dematerialise: become immaterial; disappear


happen: happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ;  (Santayana)


befall: happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ;  (Santayana)


bechance: happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ;  (Santayana)


come: happen as a result


befall: become of; happen to


bechance: become of; happen to


betide: become of; happen to


spin off: produce as a consequence of something larger


concur: happen simultaneously


coincide: happen simultaneously


erupt: start abruptly


break out: start abruptly


bud: start to grow or develop


get down: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action


begin: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action


get: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action


start out: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action


start: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action


set about: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action


set out: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action


commence: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action


recommence: begin again


strike out: set out on a course of action


fall: begin vigorously


break out: begin suddenly and sometimes violently


jump off: set off quickly, usually with success


get to: arrive at the point of


auspicate: commence in a manner calculated to bring good luck


attack: set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task


break in: start in a certain activity, enterprise, or role


plunge: begin with vigor


launch: begin with vigor


come on: occur or become available


embark: set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)


enter: set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)


take up: pursue or resume


get cracking: start to be active


bestir oneself: start to be active


get going: start to be active


get moving: start to be active


get weaving: start to be active


get started: start to be active


get rolling: start to be active


begin: set in motion, cause to start


lead off: set in motion, cause to start


start: set in motion, cause to start


commence: set in motion, cause to start


jumpstart: start or re-start vigorously


jump-start: start or re-start vigorously


recommence: cause to start anew


inaugurate: be a precursor of


usher in: be a precursor of


introduce: be a precursor of


set off: set in motion or cause to begin


carry over: transfer or persist from one stage or sphere of activity to another


resume: take up or begin anew


restart: take up or begin anew


re-start: take up or begin anew


resume: return to a previous location or condition


take up: return to a previous location or condition


persevere: be persistent, refuse to stop


persist: be persistent, refuse to stop


hang in: be persistent, refuse to stop


hang on: be persistent, refuse to stop


hold on: be persistent, refuse to stop


obstinate: persist stubbornly


ask for it: persist with actions or an attitude despite the probability that it will cause trouble


ask for trouble: persist with actions or an attitude despite the probability that it will cause trouble


plug: persist in working hard


plug away: persist in working hard


stick to: keep to


stick with: keep to


follow: keep to


pass away: go out of existence


close out: terminate


lapse: end, at least for a long time


finish: cause to finish a relationship with somebody


close: finish a game in baseball by protecting a lead


cut out: cease operating


go out: become extinguished


finish up: finally be or do something


land up: finally be or do something


fetch up: finally be or do something


end up: finally be or do something


wind up: finally be or do something


finish: finally be or do something


end: bring to an end or halt


terminate: bring to an end or halt


give the axe: terminate a relationship abruptly


give the bounce: terminate a relationship abruptly


give the gate: terminate a relationship abruptly


abort: terminate before completion


culminate: bring to a head or to the highest point


lift: put an end to


raise: put an end to


ax: terminate


axe: terminate


stem: stop the flow of a liquid


stanch: stop the flow of a liquid


staunch: stop the flow of a liquid


halt: stop the flow of a liquid


check: arrest the motion (of something) abruptly


die: disappear or come to an end


stamp out: end or extinguish by forceful means


kill: end or extinguish by forceful means


kill: destroy a vitally essential quality of or in


kill: cause to cease operating


kill: tire out completely


snap: close with a snapping motion


dissolve: come to an end


break up: come to an end


dissolve: bring the association of to an end or cause to break up


break up: bring the association of to an end or cause to break up


change surface: undergo or cause to undergo a change in the surface


level: become level or even


level off: become level or even


crust: form a crust or form into a crust


heave: bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat


buckle: bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat


warp: bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat


lift: rise upward, as from pressure or moisture


shoot: produce buds, branches, or germinate


spud: produce buds, branches, or germinate


germinate: produce buds, branches, or germinate


pullulate: produce buds, branches, or germinate


bourgeon: produce buds, branches, or germinate


burgeon forth: produce buds, branches, or germinate


sprout: produce buds, branches, or germinate


germinate: cause to grow or sprout


burgeon: grow and flourish


bud: develop buds


root: take root and begin to grow


root: cause to take roots


die: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


decease: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


perish: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


go: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


exit: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


pass away: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


expire: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


pass: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


kick the bucket: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


cash in one's chips: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


buy the farm: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


conk: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


give-up the ghost: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


drop dead: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


pop off: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


choke: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


croak: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


snuff it: pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life


strangle: die from strangulation


suffocate: be asphyxiated; die from lack of oxygen


stifle: be asphyxiated; die from lack of oxygen


asphyxiate: be asphyxiated; die from lack of oxygen


buy it: be killed or die


pip out: be killed or die


go: be abolished or discarded


leave: be survived by after one's death


leave behind: be survived by after one's death


widow: cause to be without a spouse


drown: die from being submerged in water, getting water into the lungs, and asphyxiating


fall: be born, used chiefly of lambs


predecease: die before; die earlier than


be born: come into existence through birth


come to life: be born or come into existence


come into being: be born or come into existence


cloud over: become overcast


mist: become covered with mist


mist over: become covered with mist


demist: free from mist


defog: free from mist


bloat: become bloated or swollen or puff up


bloat: make bloated or swollen


curl: form a curl, curve, or kink


curve: form a curl, curve, or kink


kink: form a curl, curve, or kink


break: prevent completion


break off: prevent completion


discontinue: prevent completion


stop: prevent completion


hold on: stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments


stop: stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments


cut short: interrupt before its natural or planned end


break short: interrupt before its natural or planned end


break off: interrupt before its natural or planned end


hang up: interrupt a telephone conversation


drop: stop pursuing or acting


knock off: stop pursuing or acting


nolle pros: drop prosecution of by entering a nolle prosequi in the court records


nolle prosequi: drop prosecution of by entering a nolle prosequi in the court records


nol.pros.: drop prosecution of by entering a nolle prosequi in the court records


freeze: stop a process or a habit by imposing a freeze on it


suspend: stop a process or a habit by imposing a freeze on it


bog down: get stuck while doing something


bog: get stuck while doing something


bog down: cause to slow down or get stuck


bog: cause to slow down or get stuck


interrupt: terminate


break: terminate


adjourn: close at the end of a session


recess: close at the end of a session


break up: close at the end of a session


punctuate: interrupt periodically


pasteurize: heat food in order to kill harmful microorganisms


pasteurise: heat food in order to kill harmful microorganisms


condense: undergo condensation; change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops


distill: undergo condensation; change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops


distil: undergo condensation; change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops


condense: compress or concentrate


concentrate: compress or concentrate


contract: compress or concentrate


condense: develop due to condensation


condense: become more compact or concentrated


sublime: vaporize and then condense right back again


sublimate: vaporize and then condense right back again


sublime: change or cause to change directly from a solid into a vapor without first melting


sublimate: change or cause to change directly from a solid into a vapor without first melting


condense: cause a gas or vapor to change into a liquid


condense: remove water from


resublime: sublime (a compound) once again


evaporate: lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue


vaporize: lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue


vaporise: lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue


pervaporate: cause (a liquid) to evaporate through a semipermeable membrane


pervaporate: evaporate through a semipermeable membrane


transpire: exude water vapor


unify: become one


unite: become one


merge: become one


unitize: separate or classify into units


unitise: separate or classify into units


clog: coalesce or unite in a mass


clot: coalesce or unite in a mass


syncretize: unite (beliefs or conflicting principles)


syncretise: unite (beliefs or conflicting principles)


disunify: break up or separate


break apart: break up or separate


converge: come together so as to form a single product


league: unite to form a league


federate: unite on a federal basis or band together as a league


federalize: unite on a federal basis or band together as a league


federalise: unite on a federal basis or band together as a league


federate: enter into a league for a common purpose


federalize: enter into a league for a common purpose


federalise: enter into a league for a common purpose


carbonize: turn into carbon, as by burning


carbonise: turn into carbon, as by burning


cool: loose heat


chill: loose heat


cool down: loose heat


cool: lose intensity


cool off: lose intensity


cool down: lose intensity


overheat: get excessively and undesirably hot


cool: make cool or cooler


chill: make cool or cooler


cool down: make cool or cooler


quench: cool (hot metal) by plunging into cold water or other liquid


ice: put ice on or put on ice


refrigerate: cool or chill in or as if in a refrigerator


heat: make hot or hotter


heat up: make hot or hotter


scald: heat to the boiling point


scald: treat with boiling water


refrigerate: preserve by chilling


soak: heat a metal prior to working it


calcine: heat a substance so that it oxidizes or reduces


preheat: heat beforehand


overheat: make excessively or undesirably hot


heat: gain heat or get hot


hot up: gain heat or get hot


heat up: gain heat or get hot


warm: make warm or warmer


warm up: become more friendly or open


warm: get warm or warmer


warm up: get warm or warmer


chafe: warm by rubbing, as with the hands


carbonize: unite with carbon


carbonise: unite with carbon


carburize: unite with carbon


carburise: unite with carbon


cauterize: burn, sear, or freeze (tissue) using a hot iron or electric current or a caustic agent


cauterise: burn, sear, or freeze (tissue) using a hot iron or electric current or a caustic agent


burn: burn, sear, or freeze (tissue) using a hot iron or electric current or a caustic agent


freeze: change to ice


glaciate: become frozen and covered with glaciers


concrete: form into a solid mass; coalesce


boil: bring to, or maintain at, the boiling point


decoct: extract the essence of something by boiling it


boil: come to the boiling point and change from a liquid to vapor


boil over: overflow or cause to overflow while boiling


overboil: overflow or cause to overflow while boiling


deep freeze: store in a deep-freeze, as for conservation


ice: cause to become ice or icy


quick-freeze: freeze rapidly so as to preserve the natural juices and flavors


flash-freeze: freeze rapidly so as to preserve the natural juices and flavors


freeze: cause to freeze


dissolve: become or cause to become soft or liquid


thaw: become or cause to become soft or liquid


unfreeze: become or cause to become soft or liquid


unthaw: become or cause to become soft or liquid


dethaw: become or cause to become soft or liquid


melt: become or cause to become soft or liquid


deliquesce: melt or become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air


defrost: make or become free of frost or ice


deice: make or become free of frost or ice


de-ice: make or become free of frost or ice


burn: undergo combustion


combust: undergo combustion


burn down: burn completely; be consumed or destroyed by fire


burn up: burn completely; be consumed or destroyed by fire


go up: burn completely; be consumed or destroyed by fire


smolder: burn slowly and without a flame


smoulder: burn slowly and without a flame


sear: make very hot and dry


scorch: make very hot and dry


sizzle: burn or sear with a sizzling sound


burn: cause to undergo combustion


incinerate: cause to undergo combustion


incinerate: become reduced to ashes


singe: burn superficially or lightly


swinge: burn superficially or lightly


burn: destroy by fire


fire: destroy by fire


burn down: destroy by fire


backfire: set a controlled fire to halt an advancing forest to prairie fire


cremate: reduce to ashes


torch: burn maliciously, as by arson


char: burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color


blacken: burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color


sear: burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color


scorch: burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color


blister: get blistered


vesicate: get blistered


blister: cause blisters to form on


switch: make a shift in or exchange of


change over: make a shift in or exchange of


shift: make a shift in or exchange of


permute: change the order or arrangement of


commute: change the order or arrangement of


transpose: change the order or arrangement of


map: to establish a mapping (of mathematical elements or sets)


represent: to establish a mapping (of mathematical elements or sets)


transpose: change key


convert: change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy


change over: change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy


metricize: convert from a non-metric to the metric system


metricise: convert from a non-metric to the metric system


metrify: convert from a non-metric to the metric system


metricate: convert from a non-metric to the metric system


flour: convert grain into flour


transform: change in outward structure or looks


transmute: change in outward structure or looks


metamorphose: change in outward structure or looks


transform: increase or decrease (an alternating current or voltage)


transform: change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species


transform: convert (one form of energy) to another


aurify: transform into gold


transmute: alter the nature of (elements)


transform: change or alter in form, appearance, or nature


transmute: change or alter in form, appearance, or nature


transubstantiate: change or alter in form, appearance, or nature


transubstantiate: change (the Eucharist bread and wine) into the body and blood of Christ


sorcerize: transform or change by means of sorcery


sorcerise: transform or change by means of sorcery


ash: convert into ashes


translate: change from one form or medium into another


transform: change from one form or medium into another


metricize: express in the metric system


metricise: express in the metric system


reclaim: make useful again; transform from a useless or uncultivated state


metamorphose: change completely the nature or appearance of


transfigure: change completely the nature or appearance of


transmogrify: change completely the nature or appearance of


convert: change religious beliefs, or adopt a religious belief


reform: bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one


reclaim: bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one


regenerate: bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one


rectify: bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one


moralize: improve the morals of


moralise: improve the morals of


regenerate: amplify (an electron current) by causing part of the power in the output circuit to act upon the input circuit


convert: cause to adopt a new or different faith


Islamize: convert to Islam


Islamise: convert to Islam


Christianize: convert to Christianity


Christianise: convert to Christianity


Christianize: adapt in the name of Christianity


Islamize: cause to conform to Islamic law


Islamise: cause to conform to Islamic law


evangelize: convert to Christianity


evangelise: convert to Christianity


catholicize: cause to adopt Catholicism


catholicise: cause to adopt Catholicism


latinize: cause to adopt Catholicism


latinise: cause to adopt Catholicism


turn back: turn inside out or upside down


invert: turn inside out or upside down


reverse: turn inside out or upside down


invert: reverse the position, order, relation, or condition of


reverse: reverse the position, order, relation, or condition of


invert: make an inversion (in a musical composition)


revert: go back to a previous state


return: go back to a previous state


retrovert: go back to a previous state


regress: go back to a previous state


turn back: go back to a previous state


resile: return to the original position or state after being stretched or compressed


customize: make according to requirements


customise: make according to requirements


personalize: make personal or more personal


personalise: make personal or more personal


individualize: make personal or more personal


individualise: make personal or more personal


depersonalize: make impersonal or present as an object


depersonalise: make impersonal or present as an object


objectify: make impersonal or present as an object


lay waste to: cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly


waste: cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly


devastate: cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly


desolate: cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly


ravage: cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly


scourge: cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly


harry: make a pillaging or destructive raid on (a place), as in wartimes


ravage: make a pillaging or destructive raid on (a place), as in wartimes


emaciate: grow weak and thin or waste away physically


waste: cause to grow thin or weak


emaciate: cause to grow thin or weak


macerate: cause to grow thin or weak


enfeeble: make weak


debilitate: make weak


drain: make weak


enervate: weaken mentally or morally


pine away: lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief


waste: lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief


languish: lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief


dampen: lessen in force or effect


damp: lessen in force or effect


soften: lessen in force or effect


weaken: lessen in force or effect


break: lessen in force or effect


dampen: check; keep in check (a fire)


dampen: make vague or obscure or make (an image) less visible


deaden: make vague or obscure or make (an image) less visible


damp: make vague or obscure or make (an image) less visible


shush: silence (someone) by uttering `shush!'


stifle: smother or suppress


dampen: smother or suppress


suffocate: suppress the development, creativity, or imagination of


choke: suppress the development, creativity, or imagination of


suffocate: become stultified, suppressed, or stifled


choke: become stultified, suppressed, or stifled


choke off: suppress


choke down: suppress


choke back: suppress


dampen: reduce the amplitude (of oscillations or waves)


dull: make less lively or vigorous


cloud: make milky or dull


dull: become dull or lusterless in appearance; lose shine or brightness


pall: lose strength or effectiveness; become or appear boring, insipid, or tiresome (to)


sharpen: become sharp or sharper


sharpen: make crisp or more crisp and precise


sharpen: make (one's senses) more acute


heighten: make (one's senses) more acute


subtilize: make (senses) more keen


subtilise: make (senses) more keen


strap: sharpen with a strap


sharpen: give a point to


taper: give a point to


point: give a point to


acuminate: make sharp or acute; taper; make (something) come to a point


sharpen: raise the pitch of (musical notes)


flatten: lower the pitch of (musical notes)


drop: lower the pitch of (musical notes)


acclimatize: get used to a certain climate


acclimatise: get used to a certain climate


acclimate: get used to a certain climate


synchronize: make synchronous and adjust in time or manner


synchronise: make synchronous and adjust in time or manner


sync: make synchronous and adjust in time or manner


phase: adjust so as to be in a synchronized condition


desynchronize: cause to become desynchronized; cause to occur at unrelated times


desynchronise: cause to become desynchronized; cause to occur at unrelated times


blend: mix together different elements


flux: mix together different elements


mix: mix together different elements


conflate: mix together different elements


commingle: mix together different elements


immix: mix together different elements


fuse: mix together different elements


coalesce: mix together different elements


meld: mix together different elements


combine: mix together different elements


merge: mix together different elements


gauge: mix in specific proportions


absorb: cause to become one with


melt: lose its distinct outline or shape; blend gradually


meld: lose its distinct outline or shape; blend gradually


blend in: cause (something) to be mixed with (something else)


mix in: cause (something) to be mixed with (something else)


cut in: mix in with cutting motions


accrete: grow together (of plants and organs)


conjugate: unite chemically so that the product is easily broken down into the original compounds


admix: mix or blend


alloy: make an alloy of


fuse: make liquid or plastic by heating


fuse: become plastic or fluid or liquefied from heat


crumble: break or fall apart into fragments


fall apart: break or fall apart into fragments


disintegrate: break into parts or components or lose cohesion or unity


digest: soften or disintegrate, as by undergoing exposure to heat or moisture


fold: incorporate a food ingredient into a mixture by repeatedly turning it over without stirring or beating


reintegrate: integrate again


macerate: soften, usually by steeping in liquid, and cause to disintegrate as a result


macerate: become soft or separate and disintegrate as a result of excessive soaking


macerate: separate into constituents by soaking


disintegrate: lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current


decay: lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current


decompose: lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current


disintegrate: cause to undergo fission or lose particles


putrefy: become putrid; decay with an offensive smell


magnetize: make magnetic


magnetise: make magnetic


demagnetize: make nonmagnetic; take away the magnetic properties (of)


demagnetise: make nonmagnetic; take away the magnetic properties (of)


degauss: make nonmagnetic; take away the magnetic properties (of)


simplify: make simpler or easier or reduce in complexity or extent


oversimplify: make too simple


complicate: make more complex, intricate, or richer


refine: make more complex, intricate, or richer


rarify: make more complex, intricate, or richer


elaborate: make more complex, intricate, or richer


complexify: make complex


complexify: have or develop complicating consequences


ramify: have or develop complicating consequences


involve: make complex or intricate or complicated


refine: make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of


refine: attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or validity by polishing or purifying


develop: elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme


sophisticate: make more complex or refined


complicate: make more complicated


perplex: make more complicated


snarl: make more complicated or confused through entanglements


snarl up: make more complicated or confused through entanglements


embrangle: make more complicated or confused through entanglements


snafu: cause to be in a state of complete confusion


pressurize: increase the pressure in or of


pressurise: increase the pressure in or of


pressurize: maintain a certain pressure


pressurise: maintain a certain pressure


supercharge: increase the pressure on a gas or liquid


pressurize: increase the pressure on a gas or liquid


pressurise: increase the pressure on a gas or liquid


puncture: cause to lose air pressure or collapse by piercing


depressurize: decrease the pressure of


depressurise: decrease the pressure of


decompress: decrease the pressure of


structure: give a structure to


restructure: construct or form anew or provide with a new structure


reconstitute: construct or form anew or provide with a new structure


organize: bring order and organization to


organise: bring order and organization to


coordinate: bring order and organization to


interlock: coordinate in such a way that all parts work together effectively


mesh: coordinate in such a way that all parts work together effectively


centralize: make central


centralise: make central


concentrate: make central


decentralize: make less central


deconcentrate: make less central


decentralise: make less central


socialize: make conform to socialist ideas and philosophies


socialise: make conform to socialist ideas and philosophies


socialize: prepare for social life


socialise: prepare for social life


fix: make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc


prepare: make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc


set up: make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc


ready: make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc


gear up: make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc


set: make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc


provide: take measures in preparation for


cram: prepare (students) hastily for an impending exam


precondition: put into the required condition beforehand


fix: kill, preserve, and harden (tissue) in order to prepare for microscopic study


mount: fix onto a backing, setting, or support


set up: get ready for a particular purpose or event


lay out: get ready for a particular purpose or event


set: get ready for a particular purpose or event


rig: equip with sails or masts


set: equip with sails or masts


set up: equip with sails or masts


winterize: prepare for winter


winterise: prepare for winter


summerize: prepare for summer


summerise: prepare for summer


prime: insert a primer into (a gun, mine, or charge) preparatory to detonation or firing


communize: make into property owned by the state


communise: make into property owned by the state


internationalize: make international in character


internationalise: make international in character


communize: make Communist or bring in accord with Communist principles


communise: make Communist or bring in accord with Communist principles


bolshevize: make Communist or bring in accord with Communist principles


bolshevise: make Communist or bring in accord with Communist principles


Americanize: become American in character


Americanise: become American in character


Europeanize: make (continental) European in customs, character, or ideas


Europeanise: make (continental) European in customs, character, or ideas


Europeanize: denationalize and subject (a territory) to the supervision of an agency of a European community of nations


Europeanise: denationalize and subject (a territory) to the supervision of an agency of a European community of nations


bestialize: make brutal and depraved; give animal-like qualities to


bestialise: make brutal and depraved; give animal-like qualities to


Americanize: make American in character


Americanise: make American in character


Frenchify: become French in appearance or character


Frenchify: make French in appearance or character


modernize: become technologically advanced


modernise: become technologically advanced


develop: become technologically advanced


civilize: raise from a barbaric to a civilized state


civilise: raise from a barbaric to a civilized state


nationalize: put under state control or ownership


nationalise: put under state control or ownership


denationalize: put under private control or ownership


denationalise: put under private control or ownership


privatize: change from governmental to private control or ownership


privatise: change from governmental to private control or ownership


naturalize: make into a citizen


naturalise: make into a citizen


denaturalize: strip of the rights and duties of citizenship


denaturalise: strip of the rights and duties of citizenship


naturalize: make more natural or lifelike


naturalise: make more natural or lifelike


denaturalize: make less natural or unnatural


denaturalise: make less natural or unnatural


naturalize: adopt to another place


naturalise: adopt to another place


adopt: take into one's family


take in: take into one's family


immigrate: come into a new country and change residency


immigrate: introduce or send as immigrants


settle: take up residence and become established


locate: take up residence and become established


colonize: settle as colonists or establish a colony (in)


colonise: settle as colonists or establish a colony (in)


relocate: move or establish in a new location


relocate: become established in a new location


dislocate: put out of its usual place, position, or relationship


settle: form a community


homestead: settle land given by the government and occupy it as a homestead


settle: become settled or established and stable in one's residence or life style


root: become settled or established and stable in one's residence or life style


take root: become settled or established and stable in one's residence or life style


steady down: become settled or established and stable in one's residence or life style


settle down: become settled or established and stable in one's residence or life style


roost: settle down or stay, as if on a roost


set in: become established


resettle: settle in a new place


immigrate: migrate to a new environment


emigrate: leave one's country of residence for a new one


expatriate: move away from one's native country and adopt a new residence abroad


steady: make steady


calm: make steady


becalm: make steady


even: make even or more even


even out: make even or more even


even: become even or more even


even out: become even or more even


equal: make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching


match: make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching


equalize: make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching


equalise: make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching


equate: make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching


homologize: make homologous


homologise: make homologous


stiffen: make stiff or stiffer


starch: stiffen with starch


buckram: stiffen with or as with buckram


rigidify: make rigid and set into a conventional pattern


ossify: make rigid and set into a conventional pattern


petrify: make rigid and set into a conventional pattern


rigidify: become rigid


stiffen: become stiff or stiffer


stiffen: restrict


tighten: restrict


tighten up: restrict


constrain: restrict


clamp down: repress or suppress (something regarded as undesirable)


crack down: repress or suppress (something regarded as undesirable)


loosen: become loose or looser or less tight


relax: become loose or looser or less tight


loose: become loose or looser or less tight


loosen: make loose or looser


loose: make loose or looser


relax: make less taut


unbend: make less taut


unbrace: remove from tension


tighten: become tight or tighter


tighten: make tight or tighter


fasten: make tight or tighter


frap: take up the slack of


tauten: make taut or tauter


firm: make taut or tauter


tauten: become taut or tauter


firm: become taut or tauter


transitivize: make transitive


transitivise: make transitive


detransitivize: intransitivize


detransitivise: intransitivize


intransitivize: intransitivize


intransitivise: intransitivize


slacken: make slack as by lessening tension or firmness


remit: make slack as by lessening tension or firmness


douse: slacken


dowse: slacken


slacken: become looser or slack


absent: go away or leave


remove: go away or leave


evanesce: disappear gradually


fade: disappear gradually


blow over: disappear gradually


pass off: disappear gradually


fleet: disappear gradually


pass: disappear gradually


fade: lose freshness, vigor, or vitality


wither: lose freshness, vigor, or vitality


appear: come into sight or view


peep: appear as though from hiding


erupt: appear on the skin


manifest: reveal its presence or make an appearance


wash up: be carried somewhere by water or as if by water


come to light: be revealed or disclosed


come to hand: be revealed or disclosed


gleam: appear briefly


come on: appear or become visible; make a showing


come out: appear or become visible; make a showing


turn up: appear or become visible; make a showing


surface: appear or become visible; make a showing


show up: appear or become visible; make a showing


emerge: come out into view, as from concealment


burst: emerge suddenly


get on: appear in a show, on T.V. or radio


be on: appear in a show, on T.V. or radio


outcrop: appear on the surface, come to the surface on the ground


flash: appear briefly


flash: emit a brief burst of light


appear: come into being or existence, or appear on the scene


come along: come into being or existence, or appear on the scene


fulminate: come on suddenly and intensely


turn out: come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons


resurface: appear again


basset: appear at the surface


crop out: appear at the surface


appear: be issued or published


come out: be issued or published


pop out: appear suddenly


burst out: appear suddenly


reappear: appear again


re-emerge: appear again


emerge: become known or apparent


break through: penetrate


come through: penetrate


disappear: get lost, as without warning or explanation


vanish: get lost, as without warning or explanation


go away: get lost, as without warning or explanation


vanish: cease to exist


disappear: cease to exist


skip town: disappear without notifying anyone (idiom)


take a powder: disappear without notifying anyone (idiom)


die out: become extinct


die off: become extinct


minimize: make small or insignificant


minimise: make small or insignificant


hedge: minimize loss or risk


scale down: reduce proportionally


scale up: increase proportionally


maximize: make as big or large as possible


maximise: make as big or large as possible


maximize: make the most of


maximise: make the most of


reduce: cut down on; make a reduction in


cut down: cut down on; make a reduction in


cut back: cut down on; make a reduction in


trim: cut down on; make a reduction in


trim down: cut down on; make a reduction in


trim back: cut down on; make a reduction in


cut: cut down on; make a reduction in


bring down: cut down on; make a reduction in


spill: reduce the pressure of wind on (a sail)


quench: reduce the degree of (luminescence or phosphorescence) in (excited molecules or a material) by adding a suitable substance


cut: have a reducing effect


retrench: make a reduction, as in one's workforce


slash: cut drastically


thin out: make sparse


thin out: become sparser


thin: make thin or thinner


draw: reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die


thin: lose thickness; become thin or thinner


thicken: become thick or thicker


inspissate: become thick or thicker


thicken: make thick or thicker


inspissate: make thick or thicker


thicken: make viscous or dense


inspissate: make viscous or dense


decline: grow smaller


go down: grow smaller


wane: grow smaller


dip: go down momentarily


wear on: pass slowly (of time)


heighten: make more extreme; raise in quantity, degree, or intensity


heighten: become more extreme


rise: become more extreme


shoot up: rise dramatically


drop: go down in value


slump: fall heavily or suddenly; decline markedly


fall off: fall heavily or suddenly; decline markedly


sink: fall heavily or suddenly; decline markedly


tumble: fall suddenly and sharply


wax: go up or advance


mount: go up or advance


climb: go up or advance


rise: go up or advance


wax: increase in phase


full: increase in phase


full: make (a garment) fuller by pleating or gathering


wane: decrease in phase


wane: become smaller


magnify: increase in size, volume or significance


amplify: increase in size, volume or significance


fail: stop operating or functioning


go bad: stop operating or functioning


give way: stop operating or functioning


die: stop operating or functioning


give out: stop operating or functioning


conk out: stop operating or functioning


go: stop operating or functioning


break: stop operating or functioning


break down: stop operating or functioning


crash: stop operating


go down: stop operating


give way: end resistance, as under pressure or force


yield: end resistance, as under pressure or force


blow out: melt, break, or become otherwise unusable


burn out: melt, break, or become otherwise unusable


blow: melt, break, or become otherwise unusable


unfurl: unroll, unfold, or spread out or be unrolled, unfolded, or spread out from a furled state


unroll: unroll, unfold, or spread out or be unrolled, unfolded, or spread out from a furled state


roll up: form a cylinder by rolling


wrap up: form a cylinder by rolling


roll up: form into a cylinder by rolling


furl: form into a cylinder by rolling


douse: lower quickly


reef: roll up (a portion of a sail) in order to reduce its area


bolt: make or roll into bolts


diversify: vary in order to spread risk or to expand


branch out: vary in order to spread risk or to expand


broaden: vary in order to spread risk or to expand


diversify: spread into new habitats and produce variety or variegate


radiate: spread into new habitats and produce variety or variegate


vary: make something more diverse and varied


variegate: make something more diverse and varied


motley: make something more diverse and varied


diversify: make (more) diverse


checker: variegate with different colors, shades, or patterns


chequer: variegate with different colors, shades, or patterns


specialize: become more focus on an area of activity or field of study


specialise: become more focus on an area of activity or field of study


narrow: become more focus on an area of activity or field of study


narrow down: become more focus on an area of activity or field of study


specialize: suit to a special purpose


specialise: suit to a special purpose


overspecialize: become overly specialized


overspecialise: become overly specialized


accelerate: move faster


speed up: move faster


speed: move faster


quicken: move faster


decelerate: reduce the speed of


slow down: reduce the speed of


retard: cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate


deaden: lessen the momentum or velocity of


deaden: make vapid or deprive of spirit


fishtail: slow down by moving the tail sideways


accelerate: cause to move faster


speed: cause to move faster


speed up: cause to move faster


rev up: increase the number of rotations per minute


rev: increase the number of rotations per minute


rev up: speed up


step up: speed up


decelerate: lose velocity; move more slowly


slow: lose velocity; move more slowly


slow down: lose velocity; move more slowly


slow up: lose velocity; move more slowly


retard: lose velocity; move more slowly


check: slow the growth or development of


retard: slow the growth or development of


delay: slow the growth or development of


slow: become slow or slower


slow down: become slow or slower


slow up: become slow or slower


slack: become slow or slower


slacken: become slow or slower


slow: cause to proceed more slowly


slow down: cause to proceed more slowly


slow up: cause to proceed more slowly


clog: impede with a clog or as if with a clog


constipate: impede with a clog or as if with a clog


slack: make less active or fast


slacken: make less active or fast


slack up: make less active or fast


relax: make less active or fast


decrease: make smaller


lessen: make smaller


minify: make smaller


diminish: lessen the authority, dignity, or reputation of


belittle: lessen the authority, dignity, or reputation of


quicken: give life or energy to


invigorate: give life or energy to


gasify: turn into gas


vaporize: turn into gas


vaporise: turn into gas


aerify: turn into gas


jell: become gelatinous


set: become gelatinous


congeal: become gelatinous


curdle: turn from a liquid to a solid mass


curdle: go bad or sour


harden: become hard or harder


indurate: become hard or harder


harden: make hard or harder


indurate: make hard or harder


crystallize: assume crystalline form; become crystallized


crystalize: assume crystalline form; become crystallized


crystalise: assume crystalline form; become crystallized


effloresce: assume crystalline form; become crystallized


liquefy: become liquid or fluid when heated


flux: become liquid or fluid when heated


liquify: become liquid or fluid when heated


liquefy: make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating


liquify: make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating


liquidize: make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating


liquidise: make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating


melt: reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating


run: reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating


melt down: reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating


try: melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities


render: melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities


solidify: become solid


solidify: make solid or more solid; cause to solidify


freeze: change from a liquid to a solid when cold


freeze out: change from a liquid to a solid when cold


freeze down: change from a liquid to a solid when cold


crystallize: cause to form crystals or assume crystalline form


crystallise: cause to form crystals or assume crystalline form


crystalize: cause to form crystals or assume crystalline form


crystalise: cause to form crystals or assume crystalline form


dissolve: pass into a solution


solvate: undergo solvation or convert into a solvate


solvate: cause a solvation in (a substance)


react: undergo a chemical reaction; react with another substance under certain conditions


build: improve the cleansing action of


dissolve: cause to go into a solution


resolve: cause to go into a solution


break up: cause to go into a solution


cut: dissolve by breaking down the fat of


dissolve: become weaker


fade out: become weaker


fade away: become weaker


dissolve: cause to fade away


etch: selectively dissolve the surface of (a semiconductor or printed circuit) with a solvent, laser, or stream of electrons


validate: make valid or confirm the validity of


invalidate: take away the legal force of or render ineffective


void: take away the legal force of or render ineffective


vitiate: take away the legal force of or render ineffective


empty: become empty or void of its content


discharge: become empty or void of its content


clean out: empty completely


clear out: empty completely


flow away: flow off or away gradually


flow off: flow off or away gradually


bleed: drain of liquid or steam


evacuate: empty completely


bail out: remove (water) from a boat by dipping and throwing over the side


bale out: remove (water) from a boat by dipping and throwing over the side


evacuate: create a vacuum in (a bulb, flask, reaction vessel)


empty: make void or empty of contents


eviscerate: remove the contents of


void: clear (a room, house, place) of occupants or empty or clear (a place or receptacle) of something


clear: remove the occupants of


clear: remove (people) from a building


clear: rid of instructions or data


exhaust: use up the whole supply of


knock out: empty (as of tobacco) by knocking out


populate: fill with inhabitants


people: fill with people


drain: empty of liquid; drain the liquid from


fill: become full


fill up: become full


water: fill with tears


flood: become filled to overflowing


rack up: supply a rack with feed for (horses or other animals)


fill: make full, also in a metaphorical sense


fill up: make full, also in a metaphorical sense


make full: make full, also in a metaphorical sense


top off: fill to the point of almost overflowing


heap: fill to overflow


overfill: fill beyond capacity


ink: fill with ink


replenish: fill something that had previously been emptied


refill: fill something that had previously been emptied


fill again: fill something that had previously been emptied


prime: fill with priming liquid


line: fill plentifully


suffuse: cause to spread or flush or flood through, over, or across


perfuse: cause to spread or flush or flood through, over, or across


perfuse: force a fluid through (a body part or tissue)


suffuse: to become overspread as with a fluid, a colour, a gleam of light


flush: cause to flow or flood with or as if with water


wash down: flow freely


flush down: flow freely


flush: flow freely


sluice: irrigate with water from a sluice


flush: irrigate with water from a sluice


flush: rinse, clean, or empty with a liquid


scour: rinse, clean, or empty with a liquid


purge: rinse, clean, or empty with a liquid


complete: bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements


complement: make complete or perfect; supply what is wanting or form the complement to


soak: fill, soak, or imbue totally


imbue: fill, soak, or imbue totally


saturate: cause (a chemical compound, vapour, solution, magnetic material) to unite with the greatest possible amount of another substance


match: be equal or harmonize


match: make correspond or harmonize


fit: make correspond or harmonize


service: make fit for use


homogenize: cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing


homogenise: cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing


homogenize: become homogeneous or similar, as by mixing


homogenise: become homogeneous or similar, as by mixing


homogenize: break up the fat globules of


homogenise: break up the fat globules of


curdle: turn into curds


clabber: turn into curds


clot: turn into curds


clot: change from a liquid to a thickened or solid state


coagulate: change from a liquid to a thickened or solid state


clot: cause to change from a liquid to a solid or thickened state


coagulate: cause to change from a liquid to a solid or thickened state


sour: go sour or spoil


turn: go sour or spoil


ferment: go sour or spoil


work: go sour or spoil


ferment: cause to undergo fermentation


work: cause to undergo fermentation


vinify: convert a juice into wine by fermentation


rush: urge to an unnatural speed


hurry: urge to an unnatural speed


rush: act or move at high speed


hasten: act or move at high speed


hurry: act or move at high speed


look sharp: act or move at high speed


festinate: act or move at high speed


delay: cause to be slowed down or delayed


detain: cause to be slowed down or delayed


hold up: cause to be slowed down or delayed


stonewall: engage in delaying tactics or refuse to cooperate


catch: delay or hold up; prevent from proceeding on schedule or as planned


stall: deliberately delay an event or action


buy time: act so as to delay an event or action in order to gain an advantage


stay: stop or halt


detain: stop or halt


delay: stop or halt


hush: run water over the ground to erode (soil), revealing the underlying strata and valuable minerals


hush: wash by removing particles


hush: become quiet or still; fall silent


hush: cause to be quiet or not talk


quieten: cause to be quiet or not talk


silence: cause to be quiet or not talk


still: cause to be quiet or not talk


shut up: cause to be quiet or not talk


hush up: cause to be quiet or not talk


louden: cause to become loud


suppress: to put down by force or authority


stamp down: to put down by force or authority


inhibit: to put down by force or authority


subdue: to put down by force or authority


conquer: to put down by force or authority


curb: to put down by force or authority


inhibit: limit the range or extent of


burke: get rid of, silence, or suppress


silence: keep from expression, for example by threats or pressure


squelch: suppress or crush completely


quell: suppress or crush completely


quench: suppress or crush completely


flatten: become flat or flatter


flatten out: become flat or flatter


splat: flatten on impact


flatten: make flat or flatter


steamroll: make level or flat with a steamroller


steamroller: make level or flat with a steamroller


splat: split open and flatten for cooking


align: place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight


aline: place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight


line up: place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight


adjust: place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight


address: adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting


synchronize: cause to indicate the same time or rate


synchronise: cause to indicate the same time or rate


synchronize: operate simultaneously


synchronise: operate simultaneously


realign: align anew or better


realine: align anew or better


true: make level, square, balanced, or concentric


true up: make level, square, balanced, or concentric


collimate: adjust the line of sight of (an optical instrument)


plumb: adjust with a plumb line so as to make vertical


dislocate: move out of position


luxate: move out of position


splay: move out of position


slip: move out of position


align: bring (components or parts) into proper or desirable coordination correlation


ordinate: bring (components or parts) into proper or desirable coordination correlation


coordinate: bring (components or parts) into proper or desirable coordination correlation


misalign: align imperfectly or badly


skew: turn or place at an angle


integrate: make into a whole or make part of a whole


incorporate: make into a whole or make part of a whole


lysogenize: become integrated into the genome of (a bacterium)


build in: make something an integral part of something else


re-incorporate: incorporate again or anew


integrate: become one; become integrated


standardize: cause to conform to standard or norm


standardise: cause to conform to standard or norm


gauge: adapt to a specified measurement


normalize: make normal or cause to conform to a norm or standard


normalise: make normal or cause to conform to a norm or standard


renormalize: make normal or cause to conform to a norm or standard


renormalise: make normal or cause to conform to a norm or standard


normalize: become normal or return to its normal state


normalise: become normal or return to its normal state


reorient: set or arrange in a new or different determinate position


morph: change shape as via computer animation


morph: cause to change shape in a computer animation


wear: deteriorate through use or stress


wear off: deteriorate through use or stress


wear out: deteriorate through use or stress


wear down: deteriorate through use or stress


wear thin: deteriorate through use or stress


wilt: become limp


droop: become limp


wilt: lose strength


neutralize: make chemically neutral


neutralise: make chemically neutral


neutralize: make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of


neutralise: make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of


nullify: make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of


negate: make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of


commercialize: make commercial


commercialise: make commercial


market: make commercial


eliminate: kill in large numbers


annihilate: kill in large numbers


extinguish: kill in large numbers


eradicate: kill in large numbers


wipe out: kill in large numbers


decimate: kill in large numbers


carry off: kill in large numbers


decimate: kill one in every ten, as of mutineers in Roman armies


cancel out: wipe out the effect of something


wipe out: wipe out the effect of something


decouple: reduce or eliminate the coupling of (one circuit or part to another)


decouple: eliminate airborne shock waves from (an explosive)


extinguish: terminate, end, or take out


eliminate: terminate, end, or take out


get rid of: terminate, end, or take out


do away with: terminate, end, or take out


obliterate: do away with completely, without leaving a trace


knock out: eliminate


drown: get rid of as if by submerging


cut out: delete or remove


excise: remove by cutting


sparkle: be lively or brilliant or exhibit virtuosity


scintillate: be lively or brilliant or exhibit virtuosity


coruscate: be lively or brilliant or exhibit virtuosity


cut: weed out unwanted or unnecessary things


prune: weed out unwanted or unnecessary things


rationalize: weed out unwanted or unnecessary things


rationalise: weed out unwanted or unnecessary things


perfect: make perfect or complete


hone: make perfect or complete


polish: bring to a highly developed, finished, or refined state


round: bring to a highly developed, finished, or refined state


round off: bring to a highly developed, finished, or refined state


polish up: bring to a highly developed, finished, or refined state


brush up: bring to a highly developed, finished, or refined state


polish: improve or perfect by pruning or polishing


refine: improve or perfect by pruning or polishing


fine-tune: improve or perfect by pruning or polishing


down: improve or perfect by pruning or polishing


overrefine: refine too much or with excess of subtlety


over-refine: refine too much or with excess of subtlety


refine: reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities


rectify: reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities


refine: treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition


precipitate: separate as a fine suspension of solid particles


purify: remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation


sublimate: remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation


make pure: remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation


distill: remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation


purge: rid of impurities


purify: make pure or free from sin or guilt


purge: make pure or free from sin or guilt


sanctify: make pure or free from sin or guilt


purify: become clean or pure or free of guilt and sin


spiritualize: purify from the corrupting influences of the world


spiritualise: purify from the corrupting influences of the world


lustrate: purify by means of a ritual; also used in post-Communist countries to refer to the political cleansing of former officials


deform: alter the shape of (something) by stress


distort: alter the shape of (something) by stress


strain: alter the shape of (something) by stress


draw: contract


jaundice: distort adversely


blow: shape by blowing


block: shape into a block or blocks


block: shape by using a block


deform: become misshapen


cup: form into the shape of a cup


mar: make imperfect


impair: make imperfect


spoil: make imperfect


deflower: make imperfect


vitiate: make imperfect


snuff out: put an end to; kill


extinguish: put an end to; kill


stamp: destroy or extinguish as if by stamping with the foot


stub out: extinguish by crushing


crush out: extinguish by crushing


extinguish: extinguish by crushing


press out: extinguish by crushing


kill: mark for deletion, rub off, or erase


obliterate: mark for deletion, rub off, or erase


wipe out: mark for deletion, rub off, or erase


drown: kill by submerging in water


massacre: kill a large number of people indiscriminately


slaughter: kill a large number of people indiscriminately


mow down: kill a large number of people indiscriminately


erase: remove from memory or existence


wipe out: remove from memory or existence


mechanize: make mechanical


mechanise: make mechanical


dehumanize: make mechanical or routine


dehumanise: make mechanical or routine


automatize: make automatic or control or operate automatically


automatise: make automatic or control or operate automatically


automate: make automatic or control or operate automatically


automatize: turn into an automaton


automatise: turn into an automaton


semi-automatize: make semiautomatic


semi-automatise: make semiautomatic


mechanize: make monotonous; make automatic or routine


mechanise: make monotonous; make automatic or routine


mechanize: equip with armed and armored motor vehicles


mechanise: equip with armed and armored motor vehicles


motorize: equip with armed and armored motor vehicles


motorise: equip with armed and armored motor vehicles


systematize: arrange according to a system or reduce to a system


systematise: arrange according to a system or reduce to a system


systemize: arrange according to a system or reduce to a system


systemise: arrange according to a system or reduce to a system


digest: systematize, as by classifying and summarizing


digest: become assimilated into the body


codify: organize into a code or system, such as a body of law


finalize: make final; put the last touches on; put into final form


finalise: make final; put the last touches on; put into final form


settle: make final; put the last touches on; put into final form


nail down: make final; put the last touches on; put into final form


harmonize: bring into consonance, harmony, or accord while making music or singing


harmonise: bring into consonance, harmony, or accord while making music or singing


chord: bring into consonance, harmony, or accord while making music or singing


harmonize: bring into consonance or accord


harmonise: bring into consonance or accord


reconcile: bring into consonance or accord


key: harmonize with or adjust to


accommodate: make (one thing) compatible with (another)


reconcile: make (one thing) compatible with (another)


conciliate: make (one thing) compatible with (another)


harmonize: bring (several things) into consonance or relate harmoniously


harmonise: bring (several things) into consonance or relate harmoniously


proportion: give pleasant proportions to


key: regulate the musical pitch of


compartmentalize: separate into isolated compartments or categories


compartmentalise: separate into isolated compartments or categories


cut up: separate into isolated compartments or categories


complete: come or bring to a finish or an end


finish: come or bring to a finish or an end


top: finish up or conclude


top off: finish up or conclude


get through: finish a task completely


wrap up: finish a task completely


finish off: finish a task completely


mop up: finish a task completely


polish off: finish a task completely


clear up: finish a task completely


finish up: finish a task completely


see through: remain with until completion


round out: fill out


finish out: fill out


cap off: finish or complete, as with some decisive action


culminate: end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage


climax: end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage


crown: be the culminating event


top: be the culminating event


follow through: pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue


follow up: pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue


follow out: pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue


carry out: pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue


implement: pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue


put through: pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue


go through: pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue


adhere: follow through or carry out a plan without deviation


fixate: become fixed (on)


settle on: become fixed (on)


glue: be fixed as if by glue


fixate: make fixed, stable or stationary


fix: make fixed, stable or stationary


polarize: become polarized in a conflict or contrasting situation


polarise: become polarized in a conflict or contrasting situation


polarize: cause to concentrate about two conflicting or contrasting positions


polarise: cause to concentrate about two conflicting or contrasting positions


polarize: cause to vibrate in a definite pattern


polarise: cause to vibrate in a definite pattern


load: corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones


adulterate: corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones


stretch: corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones


dilute: corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones


debase: corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones


water down: thin by adding water to


water down: make less strong or intense


sophisticate: alter and make impure, as with the intention to deceive


doctor: alter and make impure, as with the intention to deceive


doctor up: alter and make impure, as with the intention to deceive


leach: remove substances from by a percolating liquid


strip: remove substances from by a percolating liquid


vent: expose to cool or cold air so as to cool or freshen


ventilate: expose to cool or cold air so as to cool or freshen


air out: expose to cool or cold air so as to cool or freshen


air: expose to cool or cold air so as to cool or freshen


air: expose to warm or heated air, so as to dry


linearize: make linear or get into a linear form


linearise: make linear or get into a linear form


glorify: bestow glory upon


glorify: cause to seem more splendid


justify: adjust the spaces between words


quantify: express as a number or measure or quantity


measure: express as a number or measure or quantity


gauge: measure precisely and against a standard


scale: measure with or as if with scales


meter: measure with a meter


pace: measure (distances) by pacing


step: measure (distances) by pacing


clock: measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time


time: measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time


mistime: time incorrectly


regress: go back to a statistical means


click off: perform or finish an action rapidly


fathom: measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line


sound: measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line


titrate: measure by (the volume or concentration of solutions) by titration


quantify: use as a quantifier


foul: become soiled and dirty


foul: make unclean


foul: spot, stain, or pollute


befoul: spot, stain, or pollute


defile: spot, stain, or pollute


maculate: spot, stain, or pollute


pollute: make impure


foul: make impure


contaminate: make impure


decontaminate: rid of contamination


contaminate: make radioactive by adding radioactive material


debase: lower in value by increasing the base-metal content


alloy: lower in value by increasing the base-metal content


devalue: lower the value or quality of


devalue: remove the value from; deprive of its value


devaluate: remove the value from; deprive of its value


demonetize: deprive of value for payment


demonetise: deprive of value for payment


isolate: place or set apart


insulate: place or set apart


segregate: separate or isolate (one thing) from another and place in a group apart from others


ghettoize: put in a ghetto


ghettoise: put in a ghetto


insulate: protect from heat, cold, or noise by surrounding with insulating material


weatherstrip: provide with weatherstripping


soundproof: insulate against noise


cloister: seclude from the world in or as if in a cloister


sequester: set apart from others


sequestrate: set apart from others


keep apart: set apart from others


set apart: set apart from others


isolate: set apart from others


seclude: keep away from others


sequester: keep away from others


sequestrate: keep away from others


withdraw: keep away from others


quarantine: place into enforced isolation, as for medical reasons


maroon: leave stranded on a desert island without resources


let: leave unchanged


isolate: obtain in pure form


preisolate: isolate beforehand


boost: increase or raise


advance: increase or raise


supercharge: increase or raise


ammonify: treat with ammonia; cause to undergo ammonification


thoriate: impregnate with thorium oxide to increase thermionic emission


stuff: treat with grease, fill, and prepare for mounting


impregnate: infuse or fill completely


saturate: infuse or fill completely


charge: saturate


imbrue: permeate or impregnate


drench: permeate or impregnate


impregnate: fill, as with a certain quality


infuse: fill, as with a certain quality


instill: fill, as with a certain quality


tincture: fill, as with a certain quality


calcify: convert into lime


calcify: turn into lime; become calcified


coke: become coke


calcify: become impregnated with calcium salts


decalcify: remove calcium or lime from


decalcify: lose calcium or calcium compounds


carnify: become muscular or fleshy


chondrify: turn into cartilage


citify: accustom to urban ways


urbanize: make more industrial or city-like


urbanise: make more industrial or city-like


urbanize: impart urban habits, ways of life, or responsibilities upon


urbanise: impart urban habits, ways of life, or responsibilities upon


industrialize: develop industry; become industrial


industrialise: develop industry; become industrial


emulsify: form into or become an emulsion


emulsify: cause to become an emulsion; make into an emulsion


demulsify: break down into components


demulsify: cause to demulsify


denazify: free from Nazi ideology or detach from Nazi allegiance


decarboxylate: remove a carboxyl group from (a chemical compound)


decarboxylate: lose a carboxyl group


cleanse: purge of an ideology, bad thoughts, or sins


nazify: cause or force to adopt Nazism or a Nazi character


denitrify: remove nitrogen from


nitrify: treat (soil) with nitrates


dung: fertilize or dress with dung


fertilize: provide with fertilizers or add nutrients to


fertilise: provide with fertilizers or add nutrients to


feed: provide with fertilizers or add nutrients to


topdress: scatter manure or fertilizer over (land)


stimulate: act as a stimulant


excite: act as a stimulant


innervate: stimulate to action


irritate: excite to some characteristic action or condition, such as motion, contraction, or nervous impulse, by the application of a stimulus


pinch: irritate as if by a nip, pinch, or tear


vellicate: irritate as if by a nip, pinch, or tear


fertilize: make fertile or productive


fecundate: make fertile or productive


fertilise: make fertile or productive


federalize: put under the control and authority of a federal government


federalise: put under the control and authority of a federal government


nitrify: treat with nitrogen or a nitrogen compound


nitrogenize: treat with nitrogen or a nitrogen compound


nitrogenise: treat with nitrogen or a nitrogen compound


nitrify: convert into nitric acid, nitrous acid, or nitrate, especially with the action of nitrobacteria


clarify: make clear by removing impurities or solids, as by heating


detoxify: remove poison from


detoxicate: remove poison from


devitrify: make (glassy materials) brittle or opaque


embrittle: make brittle


devitrify: become crystalline


electrify: equip for use with electricity


wire: equip for use with electricity


electrify: charge (a conductor) with electricity


esterify: change (a compound) into an ester


etherify: change into an ether


fructify: make productive or fruitful


fructify: become productive or fruitful


interstratify: arrange rocks in alternating strata


stratify: form layers or strata


jellify: make into jelly


jelly: make into jelly


jellify: become jelly


lapidify: change into stone


petrify: change into stone


fossilize: convert to a fossil


fossilise: convert to a fossil


dot: mark with a dot


mark: make or leave a mark on


stigmatize: mark with a stigma or stigmata


stigmatise: mark with a stigma or stigmata


raddle: mark or paint with raddle


striate: mark with striae or striations


ink: mark, coat, cover, or stain with ink


red-ink: mark with red ink


reline: put new lines on


dimple: mark with, or as if with, dimples


spot: mark with a spot or spots so as to allow easy recognition


freckle: mark with freckles


spot: become spotted


freckle: become freckled


fox: become discolored with, or as if with, mildew spots


mottle: colour with streaks or blotches of different shades


dapple: colour with streaks or blotches of different shades


cloud: colour with streaks or blotches of different shades


harlequin: variegate with spots or marks


crisscross: mark with a pattern of crossing lines


star: mark with an asterisk


asterisk: mark with an asterisk


flag: provide with a flag


tip: mark with a tip


nick: divide or reset the tail muscles of


tan: treat skins and hides with tannic acid so as to convert them into leather


dress: convert into leather


bark: tan (a skin) with bark tannins


froth: make froth or foam and become bubbly


spume: make froth or foam and become bubbly


suds: make froth or foam and become bubbly