clams: informal terms for money


dinero: informal terms for money


dough: informal terms for money


gelt: informal terms for money


kale: informal terms for money


lettuce: informal terms for money


lolly: informal terms for money


lucre: informal terms for money


loot: informal terms for money


moolah: informal terms for money


pelf: informal terms for money


scratch: informal terms for money


shekels: informal terms for money


simoleons: informal terms for money


sugar: informal terms for money


wampum: informal terms for money


shinplaster: paper money of little value issued on insufficient security


subsidization: money (or other benefits) obtained as a subsidy


subsidisation: money (or other benefits) obtained as a subsidy


token money: coins of regular issue whose face value is greater than their intrinsic value


currency: the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used


Eurocurrency: currency of the major financial and industrial countries held in those countries for the purpose of lending and borrowing


fractional currency: paper currency in denominations less than the basic monetary unit


cash: prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check


immediate payment: prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check


cash: money in the form of bills or coins


hard cash: money in the form of bills or coins


hard currency: money in the form of bills or coins


hard currency: a currency that is not likely to depreciate suddenly in value


paper money: currency issued by a government or central bank and consisting of printed paper that can circulate as a substitute for specie


folding money: currency issued by a government or central bank and consisting of printed paper that can circulate as a substitute for specie


paper currency: currency issued by a government or central bank and consisting of printed paper that can circulate as a substitute for specie


change: money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency


change: the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due


coinage: coins collectively


mintage: coins collectively


specie: coins collectively


metal money: coins collectively


small change: a trifling sum of money


chickenfeed: a trifling sum of money


chump change: a trifling sum of money


change: coins of small denomination regarded collectively


coin: a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money


bawbee: an old Scottish coin of little value


bezant: a gold coin of the Byzantine Empire; widely circulated in Europe in the Middle Ages


bezzant: a gold coin of the Byzantine Empire; widely circulated in Europe in the Middle Ages


byzant: a gold coin of the Byzantine Empire; widely circulated in Europe in the Middle Ages


solidus: a gold coin of the Byzantine Empire; widely circulated in Europe in the Middle Ages


denier: any of various former European coins of different denominations


ducat: formerly a gold coin of various European countries


real: an old small silver Spanish coin


piece of eight: an old silver Spanish coin; worth 8 reales


shilling: an English coin worth one twentieth of a pound


crown: an English coin worth 5 shillings


half crown: an English coin worth half a crown


dime: a United States coin worth one tenth of a dollar


nickel: a United States coin worth one twentieth of a dollar


quarter: a United States or Canadian coin worth one fourth of a dollar


half dollar: a United States coin worth half of a dollar


fifty-cent piece: a United States coin worth half of a dollar


halfpenny: an English coin worth half a penny


ha'penny: an English coin worth half a penny


penny: a coin worth one-hundredth of the value of the basic unit


cent: a coin worth one-hundredth of the value of the basic unit


centime: a coin worth one-hundredth of the value of the basic unit


slug: a counterfeit coin


tenpence: a decimal coin worth ten pennies


twopence: a former United Kingdom silver coin; United Kingdom bronze decimal coin worth two pennies


tuppence: a former United Kingdom silver coin; United Kingdom bronze decimal coin worth two pennies


threepence: former cupronickel coin of the United Kingdom equal to three pennies


fourpence: a former English silver coin worth four pennies


groat: a former English silver coin worth four pennies


fivepence: a coin worth five cents


sixpence: a small coin of the United Kingdom worth six pennies; not minted since 1970


tanner: a small coin of the United Kingdom worth six pennies; not minted since 1970


eightpence: a coin worth eight pennies


ninepence: a coin worth nine pennies


copper: a copper penny


new penny: a coin used in Great Britain since 1971 worth one hundredth of a pound


dollar: a United States coin worth one dollar


Susan B Anthony dollar: a United States coin worth one dollar


silver dollar: a dollar made of silver


cartwheel: a dollar made of silver


double eagle: a former gold coin in the United States worth 20 dollars


eagle: a former gold coin in the United States worth 10 dollars


half eagle: a former gold coin in United States worth 5 dollars


guinea: a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings


farthing: a former British bronze coin worth a quarter of a penny


doubloon: a former Spanish gold coin


louis d'or: a former French gold coin


medallion: any of various large ancient Greek coins


stater: any of the various silver or gold coins of ancient Greece


sou: a former French coin of low denomination; often used of any small amount of money


Maundy money: specially minted silver coins that are distributed by the British sovereign on Maundy Thursday


fiat money: money that the government declares to be legal tender although it cannot be converted into standard specie


bill: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)


note: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)


government note: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)


bank bill: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)


banker's bill: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)


bank note: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)


banknote: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)


Federal Reserve note: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)


greenback: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)


silver certificate: formerly a bank note issued by the United States Treasury and redeemable in silver


Treasury: negotiable debt obligations of the United States government which guarantees that interest and principal payments will be paid on time


Treasury obligations: negotiable debt obligations of the United States government which guarantees that interest and principal payments will be paid on time


Treasury bill: a short-term obligation that is not interest-bearing (it is purchased at a discount); can be traded on a discount basis for 91 days


T-bill: a short-term obligation that is not interest-bearing (it is purchased at a discount); can be traded on a discount basis for 91 days


Treasury bond: a debt instrument with maturities of 10 years or longer


Treasury note: securities with maturities of 1 to 10 years; sold for cash or in exchange for maturing issues or at auction


hundred dollar bill: a United States bill worth 100 dollars


c-note: a United States bill worth 100 dollars


fifty dollar bill: a United States bill worth 50 dollars


fifty: a United States bill worth 50 dollars


twenty dollar bill: a United States bill worth 20 dollars


twenty: a United States bill worth 20 dollars


tenner: a United States bill worth 10 dollars


ten dollar bill: a United States bill worth 10 dollars


fiver: a United States bill worth 5 dollars


five-spot: a United States bill worth 5 dollars


five dollar bill: a United States bill worth 5 dollars


nickel: five dollars worth of a drug


nickel note: five dollars worth of a drug


two dollar bill: a United States bill worth 2 dollars


dollar: a piece of paper money worth one dollar


dollar bill: a piece of paper money worth one dollar


one dollar bill: a piece of paper money worth one dollar


buck: a piece of paper money worth one dollar


clam: a piece of paper money worth one dollar


liabilities: anything that is owed to someone else


deficit: an excess of liabilities over assets (usually over a certain period)


budget deficit: an excess of expenditures over revenues


federal deficit: an excess of the federal government's spending over its revenue


trade deficit: an excess of imports over exports


due: a payment that is due (e.g., as the price of membership)


limited liability: the liability of a firm's owners for no more than the capital they have invested in the firm


debt: money or goods or services owed by one person to another


arrears: an unpaid overdue debt


national debt: the debt of the national government (as distinguished from the debts of individuals and businesses and political subdivisions)


public debt: the total of the nation's debts: debts of local and state and national governments; an indicator of how much public spending is financed by borrowing instead of taxation


debt limit: the maximum borrowing power of a governmental entity


debt ceiling: the maximum borrowing power of a governmental entity


national debt ceiling: a limit set by Congress beyond which the national debt cannot rise; periodically raised by Congress


debt instrument: a written promise to repay a debt


obligation: a written promise to repay a debt


certificate of indebtedness: a written promise to repay a debt


note: a promise to pay a specified amount on demand or at a certain time


promissory note: a promise to pay a specified amount on demand or at a certain time


note of hand: a promise to pay a specified amount on demand or at a certain time


bad debt: a debt that is unlikely to be repaid


installment debt: debt to be paid by installments


loan: the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)


call loan: a loan that is repayable on demand


demand loan: a loan that is repayable on demand


direct loan: a loan by a lender to a customer without the use of a third party; direct lending gives the lender greater discretion in making loans


participation loan: a loan that is shared by a group of banks that join to make a loan too big for any one of them alone


loan participation: a loan that is shared by a group of banks that join to make a loan too big for any one of them alone


participation financing: a loan that is shared by a group of banks that join to make a loan too big for any one of them alone


personal loan: a loan that establishes consumer credit that is granted for personal use; usually unsecured and based on the borrower's integrity and ability to pay


consumer loan: a loan that establishes consumer credit that is granted for personal use; usually unsecured and based on the borrower's integrity and ability to pay


automobile loan: a personal loan to purchase an automobile


auto loan: a personal loan to purchase an automobile


car loan: a personal loan to purchase an automobile


point: one percent of the total principal of a loan; it is paid at the time the loan is made and is independent of the interest on the loan


real estate loan: a loan on real estate that is usually secured by a mortgage


mortgage loan: a loan on real estate that is usually secured by a mortgage


time loan: a loan that is payable on or before a specified date


demand note: a note payable on demand


principal: the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated


charge: financial liabilities (such as a tax)


lien: the right to take another's property if an obligation is not discharged


artisan's lien: lien permitting an artisan to retain possession of a piece of work until has been paid for


federal tax lien: lien of the United States on all property of a taxpayer who fails to pay the federal government the taxes for which he or she is liable


general lien: a lien on all the property owned by a debtor and not just a specific property


judgment lien: lien on a debtor's property that is granted to a creditor by court judgment; lien may be enforced by having the sheriff seize the property and hold a sheriff's sale


landlord's lien: lien on a tenant's property for the satisfaction of unpaid rent or property damage; the landlord is given the status of a preferred creditor with regard to the tenant's property


mechanic's lien: lien to secure payment for work and materials in erecting or repairing a building or other structure


garageman's lien: the extension of a mechanic's lien to include payment for work on automobiles


state tax lien: a lien on the property of a taxpayer that the tax collector can use upon default of payment of taxes


tax lien: lien of which a tax collector may avail himself in default of taxes (analogous to a judgment lien)


warehouseman's lien: right of a warehouseman to retain goods until all storage charges have been paid


encumbrance: a charge against property (as a lien or mortgage)


incumbrance: a charge against property (as a lien or mortgage)


assessment: an amount determined as payable


document: a written account of ownership or obligation


quittance: a document or receipt certifying release from an obligation or debt


record: a document that can serve as legal evidence of a transaction


balance sheet: a record of the financial situation of an institution on a particular date by listing its assets and the claims against those assets


expense record: a written record of money spent


ledger: a record in which commercial accounts are recorded


leger: a record in which commercial accounts are recorded


account book: a record in which commercial accounts are recorded


book of account: a record in which commercial accounts are recorded


book: a record in which commercial accounts are recorded


cost ledger: ledger showing the accumulated costs classified in various ways


general ledger: the ledger that contains all of the financial accounts of a business; contains offsetting debit and credit accounts (including control accounts)


subsidiary ledger: details of an account supporting the amount stated in the general ledger


control account: an account that shows totals of amounts entered in a subsidiary ledger


daybook: a ledger in which transactions have been recorded as they occurred


journal: a ledger in which transactions have been recorded as they occurred


entry: a written record of a commercial transaction


accounting entry: a written record of a commercial transaction


ledger entry: a written record of a commercial transaction


adjusting entry: an accounting entry made at the end of an accounting period to allocate items between accounting periods


credit: an accounting entry acknowledging income or capital items


credit entry: an accounting entry acknowledging income or capital items


debit: an accounting entry acknowledging sums that are owing


debit entry: an accounting entry acknowledging sums that are owing


accounting: a bookkeeper's chronological list of related debits and credits of a business; forms part of a ledger of accounts


accounting system: a bookkeeper's chronological list of related debits and credits of a business; forms part of a ledger of accounts


method of accounting: a bookkeeper's chronological list of related debits and credits of a business; forms part of a ledger of accounts


credit side: account of payments received; usually the right side of a financial statement


debit side: account of payments owed; usually the left side of a financial statement


accrual basis: a method of accounting in which each item is entered as it is earned or incurred regardless of when actual payments are received or made


cash basis: a method of accounting in which each item is entered as payments are received or made


pooling of interest: an accounting method used in the merging of companies; the balance sheets are added together item by item; this method is tax-free


accounts receivable: a creditor's accounts of money owed to him; normally arise from the sale of products or services


note receivable: your right in a promissory note in which the maker promises to pay a certain amount of money at a certain time


accounts payable: a debtor's accounts of money he owes; normally arise from the purchase of products or services


note payable: a note promising to pay a certain amount of money at a certain time


profit and loss: an account compiled at the end of an accounting period to show gross and net profit or loss


profit and loss account: an account compiled at the end of an accounting period to show gross and net profit or loss


dividend: that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed to its shareholders; usually paid quarterly


stock dividend: a dividend paid in stock rather than in cash


extra dividend: a dividend paid in addition to the regular dividend


equalizing dividend: a dividend paid to compensate shareholders for losses resulting from a change in the dividend schedule


divvy: short for dividend; especially one paid by a cooperative society


suspense account: an account used temporarily to carry doubtful receipts and disbursements or discrepancies pending their analysis and permanent classification


balance: equality between the totals of the credit and debit sides of an account


balance: the difference between the totals of the credit and debit sides of an account


balance of trade: the difference in value over a period of time of a country's imports and exports of merchandise


trade balance: the difference in value over a period of time of a country's imports and exports of merchandise


visible balance: the difference in value over a period of time of a country's imports and exports of merchandise


trade gap: the difference in value over a period of time of a country's imports and exports of merchandise


carry-over: the accumulated and undivided profits of a corporation after provision has been made for dividends and reserves


carry-forward: the accumulated and undivided profits of a corporation after provision has been made for dividends and reserves


compensating balance: a minimum credit balance that a bank may require a borrower to keep on deposit as a condition for granting a loan; a common requirement for establishing a line of credit at a bank


offsetting balance: a minimum credit balance that a bank may require a borrower to keep on deposit as a condition for granting a loan; a common requirement for establishing a line of credit at a bank


invisible balance: the difference in value over a period of time of a country's imports and exports of services and payments of property incomes


balance of payments: a system of recording all of a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world over a period of one year


balance of international payments: a system of recording all of a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world over a period of one year


current account: that part of the balance of payments recording a nation's exports and imports of goods and services and transfer payments


trial balance: a balance of debits and credits in double-entry bookkeeping; drawn up to test their equality


audited account: an inspection of the accounting procedures and records by a trained accountant or CPA


audit: an inspection of the accounting procedures and records by a trained accountant or CPA


limited audit: an audit of limited scope (limited in time span or confined to particular accounts etc.)


review: (accounting) a service (less exhaustive than an audit) that provides some assurance to interested parties as to the reliability of financial data


limited review: (accounting) a service (less exhaustive than an audit) that provides some assurance to interested parties as to the reliability of financial data


analytical review: an auditing procedure based on ratios among accounts and tries to identify significant changes


expense account: an account to which salespersons or executives can charge travel and entertainment expenses


travel and entertainment account: an account to which salespersons or executives can charge travel and entertainment expenses


payslip: a slip of paper included with your pay that records how much money you have earned and how much tax or insurance etc. has been taken out


register: a book in which names and transactions are listed


inventory: (accounting) the value of a firm's current assets including raw materials and work in progress and finished goods


payroll: a list of employees and their salaries


paysheet: a list of employees and their salaries


payroll: the total amount of money paid in wages


paysheet: the total amount of money paid in wages


peanuts: an insignificant sum of money; a trifling amount


purse: a sum of money offered as a prize


purse: a sum of money spoken of as the contents of a money purse


value: the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else


economic value: the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else


mess of pottage: anything of trivial value


premium: the amount that something in scarce supply is valued above its nominal value


bankbook: a record of deposits and withdrawals and interest held by depositors at certain banks


passbook: a record of deposits and withdrawals and interest held by depositors at certain banks


checkbook: a book issued to holders of checking accounts


chequebook: a book issued to holders of checking accounts


pawn ticket: a pawnbroker's receipt for articles taken as security


escrow: a written agreement (or property or money) delivered to a third party or put in trust by one party to a contract to be returned after fulfillment of some condition


escrow funds: funds held in escrow


commercial paper: an unsecured and unregistered short-term obligation issued by an institutional borrower to investors who have temporarily idle cash


municipal note: a municipal debt instrument with a maturity of less than 2 years


IOU: an informal debt instrument; representing `I owe you'


time note: a note that specifies the time (or times) of repayment


floater: a debt instrument with a variable interest rate tied to some other interest rate (e.g. the rate paid by T-bills)


hotel plan: a plan and a room rate for providing a room and meals to guests at a hotel


meal plan: a plan and a room rate for providing a room and meals to guests at a hotel


American plan: a hotel plan that includes three meals daily


modified American plan: a hotel plan that includes breakfast and dinner (but not lunch)


Bermuda plan: a hotel plan that provides a full breakfast daily


European plan: a hotel plan that provides a continental breakfast daily


continental plan: a hotel plan that provides a continental breakfast daily


devise: a will disposing of real property


security: a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends


certificate: a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends


scrip: a certificate whose value is recognized by the payer and payee; scrip is not currency but may be convertible into currency


stock certificate: a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation


stock: a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation


tax-exempt security: a security that is not subject to taxation


tax-exempt: a security that is not subject to taxation


bond: a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal


bond certificate: a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal


Premium Bond: a government bond that bears no interest or capital gains but enters the holder into lotteries


warrant: a type of security issued by a corporation (usually together with a bond or preferred stock) that gives the holder the right to purchase a certain amount of common stock at a stated price


stock warrant: a type of security issued by a corporation (usually together with a bond or preferred stock) that gives the holder the right to purchase a certain amount of common stock at a stated price


stock-purchase warrant: a type of security issued by a corporation (usually together with a bond or preferred stock) that gives the holder the right to purchase a certain amount of common stock at a stated price


perpetual warrant: a warrant with no expiration date


subscription warrant: a warrant that expires on a stipulated date


zero-coupon security: a security that makes no interest payments but instead is sold at a deep discount from its face value


zero coupon security: a security that makes no interest payments but instead is sold at a deep discount from its face value


partnership certificate: a certificate showing the interests of all parties in a business partnership


proprietorship certificate: a certificate showing who is responsible in an individually owned business


convertible: a corporate security (usually bonds or preferred stock) that can be exchanged for another form of security (usually common stock)


convertible security: a corporate security (usually bonds or preferred stock) that can be exchanged for another form of security (usually common stock)


letter security: a stock or bond that is not registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and cannot be sold in the public market


investment letter: a letter of intent saying that a letter security is being bought for investment and not for resale; avoids need for SEC registration


treasury stock: stock that has been bought back by the issuing corporation and is available for retirement or resale; it is issued but not outstanding; it cannot vote and pays no dividends


treasury shares: stock that has been bought back by the issuing corporation and is available for retirement or resale; it is issued but not outstanding; it cannot vote and pays no dividends


reacquired stock: stock that has been bought back by the issuing corporation and is available for retirement or resale; it is issued but not outstanding; it cannot vote and pays no dividends


voting stock: shares in a corporation that entitle the shareholder to voting and proxy rights


watered stock: stock representing ownership of overvalued assets; stock of a corporation whose total worth is less than its invested capital


letter stock: stock that has not been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and cannot be sold to the general public


letter bond: a bond that has not been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and cannot be sold to the general public


listed security: a security that has been accepted for trading by one of the organized and registered securities exchanges in the US


unlisted security: a security traded in the over-the-counter market


over the counter security: a security traded in the over-the-counter market


OTC security: a security traded in the over-the-counter market


over the counter stock: stock that is not listed and traded on an organized exchange


OTC stock: stock that is not listed and traded on an organized exchange


unlisted stock: stock that is not listed and traded on an organized exchange


budget: a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them


balanced budget: a budget is balanced when current expenditures are equal to receipts


budget: a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose


Civil List: a sum of money voted by British Parliament each year for the expenses of the British royal family


operating budget: a budget for current expenses as distinct from financial transactions or permanent improvements


petty cash: a small fund of cash that a firm keeps for the payment of incidental expenses


pocket money: cash for day-to-day spending on incidental expenses


pin money: cash for day-to-day spending on incidental expenses


spending money: cash for day-to-day spending on incidental expenses


ready cash: money in the form of cash that is readily available


cold cash: money in the form of cash that is readily available


ready money: money in the form of cash that is readily available


sight draft: a draft payable on presentation


sight bill: a draft payable on presentation


time draft: a draft payable at a specified future date


time bill: a draft payable at a specified future date


matching funds: funds that will be supplied in an amount matching the funds available from other sources


bottom line: the last line in an audit; the line that shows profit or loss


ablactation: the cessation of lactation


ablation: the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers


abrasion: erosion by friction


attrition: erosion by friction


corrasion: erosion by friction


detrition: erosion by friction


abscission: shedding of flowers and leaves and fruit following formation of scar tissue in a plant


absorption: (chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid


soaking up: (chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid


absorption: (physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium


accession: a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group)


acclimatization: adaptation to a new climate (a new temperature or altitude or environment)


acclimatisation: adaptation to a new climate (a new temperature or altitude or environment)


acclimation: adaptation to a new climate (a new temperature or altitude or environment)


accretion: an increase by natural growth or addition


accumulation: an increase by natural growth or addition


accretion: (geology) an increase in land resulting from alluvial deposits or waterborne sediment


accretion: (biology) growth by addition as by the adhesion of parts or particles


accretion: (astronomy) the formation of a celestial object by the effect of gravity pulling together surrounding objects and gases


acetylation: the process of introducing an acetyl group into a compound


Acheson process: an industrial process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay


acid-base equilibrium: (physiology) the normal equilibrium between acids and alkalis in the body


acid-base balance: (physiology) the normal equilibrium between acids and alkalis in the body


acidification: the process of becoming acid or being converted into an acid


activation: stimulation of activity in an organism or chemical


active birth: childbirth during which the mother is encouraged to be an active participant


active transport: transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy


acylation: the process of introducing an acyl group into a compound


adaptation: the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)


adaption: the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)


adjustment: the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)


addition reaction: a chemical reaction in which one molecule is added to another


adiabatic process: (thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat


administrative data processing: data processing in accounting or business management


business data processing: data processing in accounting or business management


adsorption: the accumulation of molecules of a gas to form a thin film on the surface of a solid


surface assimilation: the accumulation of molecules of a gas to form a thin film on the surface of a solid


advection: (meteorology) the horizontal transfer of heat or other atmospheric properties


aeration: the process of exposing to air (so as to purify)


agenesis: imperfect development; nondevelopment of a part


agenesia: imperfect development; nondevelopment of a part


agglutination: the building of words from component morphemes that retain their form and meaning in the process of combining


agglutination: a clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies (agglutinins)


agglutination: the coalescing of small particles that are suspended in solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated


agglutinating activity: the coalescing of small particles that are suspended in solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated


aging: the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age


ageing: the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age


senescence: the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age


aldol reaction: a reaction of aldehydes resulting in an aldol


alluvion: gradual formation of new land, by recession of the sea or deposit of sediment


alpha decay: radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus that is accompanied by the emission of an alpha particle


alternative birth: a method of childbirth that avoids intrusive high-tech medicine in favor of more natural and homely settings


alternative birthing: a method of childbirth that avoids intrusive high-tech medicine in favor of more natural and homely settings


amelogenesis: the developmental process of forming tooth enamel


Americanization: assimilation into American culture


Americanisation: assimilation into American culture


amitosis: the direct method of cell division characterized by simple division of the nucleus without formation of chromosomes


ammonification: impregnation with ammonia or a compound of ammonia


amylolysis: conversion of starch to sugar


anabolism: the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances (e.g., living tissue) from simpler ones together with the storage of energy


constructive metabolism: the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances (e.g., living tissue) from simpler ones together with the storage of energy


anaglyphy: the process of producing pictures in contrasting colors that appear three-dimensional when superimposed and viewed through spectacles with one red and one green lens


anamorphism: metamorphism that occurs deep under the earth's surface; changes simple minerals into complex minerals


anamorphosis: the evolution of one type of organism from another by a long series of gradual changes


anamorphism: the evolution of one type of organism from another by a long series of gradual changes


anaphase: the stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle


anastalsis: muscular action of the alimentary tract in a direction opposite to peristalsis


androgenesis: male parthenogenesis in which the embryo contains only paternal chromosomes due to the failure of the egg nucleus to participate in fertilization


androgeny: male parthenogenesis in which the embryo contains only paternal chromosomes due to the failure of the egg nucleus to participate in fertilization


angiogenesis: the formation of new blood vessels


Anglicization: the act of anglicizing; making English in appearance


Anglicisation: the act of anglicizing; making English in appearance


anisogamy: (biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of two differing gametes (especially differing in size)


anovulation: the absence of ovulation due to immaturity or post-maturity or pregnancy or oral contraceptive pills or dysfunction of the ovary


anthropogenesis: the evolution or genesis of the human race


anthropogeny: the evolution or genesis of the human race


antiredeposition: the process of preventing redeposition


antisepsis: the process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms


asepsis: the process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms


aphaeresis: (linguistics) omission at the beginning of a word as in `coon' for `raccoon' or `till' for `until'


apheresis: (linguistics) omission at the beginning of a word as in `coon' for `raccoon' or `till' for `until'


aphesis: the gradual disappearance of an initial (usually unstressed) vowel or syllable as in `squire' for `esquire'


apogamy: (botany) development of an embryo without fertilization; especially the development in some ferns of a sporophyte from the gametophyte without fertilization


apomixis: any of several kinds of reproduction without fertilization


apposition: (biology) growth in the thickness of a cell wall by the deposit of successive layers of material


asexual reproduction: reproduction without the fusion of gametes


agamogenesis: reproduction without the fusion of gametes


assibilation: the development of a consonant phoneme into a sibilant


assimilation: a linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound


assimilation: the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion


absorption: the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion


assimilation: the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another


absorption: the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another


association: (chemistry) any process of combination (especially in solution) that depends on relatively weak chemical bonding


asynchronous operation: operations that occur without a regular or predictable time relation to other events


attack: the onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent)


autocatalysis: catalysis in which the catalyst is one of the products of the reaction


autolysis: lysis of plant or animal tissue by an internal process


self-digestion: lysis of plant or animal tissue by an internal process


automatic data processing: data processing by a computer


ADP: data processing by a computer


autoradiography: producing a radiograph by means of the radiation emitted from the specimen being photographed


autotype: process for producing permanent prints in a carbon pigment


autotypy: process for producing permanent prints in a carbon pigment


autoregulation: (physiology) processes that maintain a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organism


auxesis: growth from increase in cell size without cell division


auxiliary operation: a operation performed by off-line equipment not under the control of the central processing unit


off-line operation: a operation performed by off-line equipment not under the control of the central processing unit


background processing: the execution of low priority programs while higher priority programs are not using the processing system


backgrounding: the execution of low priority programs while higher priority programs are not using the processing system


backup: an accumulation caused by clogging or a stoppage


bacteriolysis: dissolution or destruction of bacteria


bacteriostasis: inhibition of the growth of bacteria


basal metabolic rate: the rate at which heat is produced by an individual in a resting state


BMR: the rate at which heat is produced by an individual in a resting state


basal metabolism: the amount of energy required to maintain the body of an individual in a resting state


batch processing: the serial execution of computer programs


beach erosion: the erosion of beaches


bed-wetting: enuresis during sleep; especially common in children (who usually outgrow it)


Bessemer process: an industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities; the first successful method of making steel in quantity at low cost


beta decay: radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus that is accompanied by the emission of a beta particle


biochemical mechanism: a chemical mechanism involved in vital processes occurring in living organisms


biosynthesis: production of a chemical compound by a living organism


biogenesis: production of a chemical compound by a living organism


blastogenesis: asexual reproduction by budding


blaze: a strong flame that burns brightly


blazing: a strong flame that burns brightly


blood coagulation: a process in which liquid blood is changed into a semisolid mass (a blood clot)


blood clotting: a process in which liquid blood is changed into a semisolid mass (a blood clot)


blooming: the organic process of bearing flowers


bloom: the organic process of bearing flowers


blossoming: the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms


flowering: the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms


florescence: the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms


inflorescence: the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms


anthesis: the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms


efflorescence: the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms


blowing: processing that involves blowing a gas


bluing: a process that makes something blue (or bluish)


blueing: a process that makes something blue (or bluish)


bodily process: an organic process that takes place in the body


body process: an organic process that takes place in the body


bodily function: an organic process that takes place in the body


activity: an organic process that takes place in the body


boiling: the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas


boolean operation: an operation that follows the rules of Boolean algebra; each operand and the result take one of two values


binary operation: an operation that follows the rules of Boolean algebra; each operand and the result take one of two values


binary arithmetic operation: an operation that follows the rules of Boolean algebra; each operand and the result take one of two values


bottom fermentation: a slow kind of alcoholic fermentation at a temperature low enough that the yeast cells can sink to the bottom of the fermenting liquid; used in the production of lager


bowel movement: a euphemism for defecation


movement: a euphemism for defecation


bm: a euphemism for defecation


Bradley method of childbirth: a method that prepares a mother for natural childbirth by providing education and exercises and nutrition and techniques of breathing and relaxation (with the assistance of the father)


Bradley method: a method that prepares a mother for natural childbirth by providing education and exercises and nutrition and techniques of breathing and relaxation (with the assistance of the father)


brooding: sitting on eggs so as to hatch them by the warmth of the body


incubation: sitting on eggs so as to hatch them by the warmth of the body


budding: reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent


buildup: the result of the process of accumulation


calcification: a process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts)


calcination: the conversion of metals into their oxides as a result of heating to a high temperature


calving: giving birth to a calf


capture: any process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle


capture: a process whereby a star or planet holds an object in its gravitational field


carbonation: saturation with carbon dioxide (as soda water)


carbon cycle: a thermonuclear reaction in the interior of stars


carbon cycle: the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again


carbonization: the destructive distillation of coal (as in coke ovens)


carbonisation: the destructive distillation of coal (as in coke ovens)


carriage return: the operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed as the first character on a line


catabiosis: normal aging of cells


catabolism: breakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy


katabolism: breakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy


dissimilation: breakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy


destructive metabolism: breakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy


catalysis: acceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction


contact action: acceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction


cavity: soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth


caries: soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth


dental caries: soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth


tooth decay: soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth


cell division: the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells


cellular division: the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells


cenogenesis: introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species (such as the addition of the placenta in mammalian evolution)


kenogenesis: introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species (such as the addition of the placenta in mammalian evolution)


caenogenesis: introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species (such as the addition of the placenta in mammalian evolution)


cainogenesis: introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species (such as the addition of the placenta in mammalian evolution)


kainogenesis: introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species (such as the addition of the placenta in mammalian evolution)


centrifugation: the process of separating substances of different densities by the use of a centrifuge


chain reaction: a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one is a reactant in the next


chain reaction: a self-sustaining nuclear reaction; a series of nuclear fissions in which neutrons released by splitting one atom leads to the splitting of others


chelation: the process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds


chelation: (medicine) the process of removing a heavy metal from the bloodstream by means of a chelate as in treating lead or mercury poisoning


chemical equilibrium: a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates


equilibrium: a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates


chemical process: (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved


chemical change: (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved


chemical action: (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved


chemical reaction: (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others


reaction: (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others


chemisorption: adsorption (especially when irreversible) by means of chemical instead of physical forces


chemosorption: adsorption (especially when irreversible) by means of chemical instead of physical forces


chemosynthesis: synthesis of carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water; limited to certain bacteria and fungi


childbirth: the parturition process in human beings; having a baby; the process of giving birth to a child


childbearing: the parturition process in human beings; having a baby; the process of giving birth to a child


accouchement: the parturition process in human beings; having a baby; the process of giving birth to a child


vaginal birth: the parturition process in human beings; having a baby; the process of giving birth to a child


chlorination: the addition or substitution of chlorine in organic compounds


chromatography: a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency


civilization: the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization


civilisation: the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization


cleavage: (embryology) the repeated division of a fertilised ovum


segmentation: (embryology) the repeated division of a fertilised ovum


cleavage: the breaking of a chemical bond in a molecule resulting in smaller molecules


climate change: a change in the world's climate


global climate change: a change in the world's climate


clouding: the process whereby water particles become visible in the sky


clouding up: the process whereby water particles become visible in the sky


cohesion: (botany) the process in some plants of parts growing together that are usually separate (such as petals)


cold fusion: nuclear fusion at or near room temperatures; claims to have discovered it are generally considered to have been mistaken


column chromatography: chromatography that uses selective adsorption by a column of powders


combustion: a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light


burning: a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light


deflagration: combustion that propagates through a gas or along the surface of an explosive at a rapid rate driven by the transfer of heat


compensation: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors


computer operation: an elementary operation that a computer is designed and built to perform


machine operation: an elementary operation that a computer is designed and built to perform


concretion: the formation of stonelike objects within a body organ (e.g., the kidneys)


concurrent operation: two or more operations performed at the same time (or within a give interval)


condensation: the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state


congealment: the process of congealing; solidification by (or as if by) freezing


congelation: the process of congealing; solidification by (or as if by) freezing


conspicuous consumption: buying expensive services and products in order to flaunt your wealth


consumption: (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing


economic consumption: (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing


usance: (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing


use: (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing


use of goods and services: (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing


control operation: an operation that controls the recording or processing or transmission of interpretation of data


control function: an operation that controls the recording or processing or transmission of interpretation of data


convalescence: gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury


recuperation: gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury


recovery: gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury


convection: the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion


convection: (meteorology) the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere


conversion: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism represses emotional conflicts which are then converted into physical symptoms that have no organic basis


cooling: the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature


chilling: the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature


temperature reduction: the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature


corrosion: erosion by chemical action


corroding: erosion by chemical action


erosion: erosion by chemical action


corruption: decay of matter (as by rot or oxidation)


cost-pull inflation: inflation caused by an increase in the costs of production


cracking: the process whereby heavy molecules of naphtha or petroleum are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process)


crossing over: the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis


crossover: the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis


cultivation: the process of fostering the growth of something


curdling: the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid


clotting: the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid


coagulation: the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid


cyanide process: an industrial process for extracting gold and silver by treating ore with a sodium cyanide solution


cytogenesis: the origin and development and variation of cells


cytogeny: the origin and development and variation of cells


cytolysis: pathological breakdown of cells by the destruction of their outer membrane


data mining: data processing using sophisticated data search capabilities and statistical algorithms to discover patterns and correlations in large preexisting databases; a way to discover new meaning in data


data processing: (computer science) a series of operations on data by a computer in order to retrieve or transform or classify information


dealignment: a process whereby voters are moved toward nonpartisanship thus weakening the structure of political parties


deamination: removal of the amino radical from an amino acid or other amino compound


deaminization: removal of the amino radical from an amino acid or other amino compound


decalcification: loss of calcium from bones or teeth


decarboxylation: the process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen)


decay: a gradual decrease; as of stored charge or current


decline: a gradual decrease; as of stored charge or current


decay: the process of gradually becoming inferior


decay: the spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation


radioactive decay: the spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation


disintegration: the spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation


decentralization: the social process in which population and industry moves from urban centers to outlying districts


decentalisation: the social process in which population and industry moves from urban centers to outlying districts


decline: change toward something smaller or lower


diminution: change toward something smaller or lower


decoction: (pharmacology) the extraction of water-soluble drug substances by boiling


decoction process: (brewing) a process in which part of the mash is removed and boiled and then returned


decoction mashing: (brewing) a process in which part of the mash is removed and boiled and then returned


decomposition: (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action


rot: (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action


rotting: (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action


putrefaction: (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action


decomposition: (chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance


decomposition reaction: (chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance


chemical decomposition reaction: (chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance


decrease: a process of becoming smaller or shorter


decrement: a process of becoming smaller or shorter


dedifferentiation: the loss of specialization in form or function


deepening: a process of becoming deeper and more profound


defecation: the elimination of fecal waste through the anus


laxation: the elimination of fecal waste through the anus


shitting: the elimination of fecal waste through the anus


defense mechanism: (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires


defense reaction: (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires


defence mechanism: (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires


defence reaction: (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires


defense: (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires


defence: (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires


deflation: a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices


defoliation: the loss of foliage


degaussing: the process of making a (steel) ship's hull nonmagnetic by producing an opposing magnetic field


degeneration: the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality


devolution: the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality


dehydration: the process of extracting moisture


desiccation: the process of extracting moisture


drying up: the process of extracting moisture


evaporation: the process of extracting moisture


de-iodination: the removal of iodine atoms from organic compounds


demagnetization: the process of removing magnetization


demagnetisation: the process of removing magnetization


demand: the ability and desire to purchase goods and services


demand-pull inflation: inflation caused by an increase in demand or in the supply of money


demineralization: the removal of minerals and mineral salts from a liquid (especially from water)


demineralisation: the removal of minerals and mineral salts from a liquid (especially from water)


denazification: social process of removing Nazis from official positions and giving up any allegiance to Nazism


de-Nazification: social process of removing Nazis from official positions and giving up any allegiance to Nazism


denial: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that denies painful thoughts


deossification: the loss of the mineral content of bone tissue


deposition: the natural process of laying down a deposit of something


deposit: the natural process of laying down a deposit of something


derivation: (descriptive linguistics) the process whereby new words are formed from existing words or bases by affixation


eponymy: the derivation of a general name from that of a famous person


desalination: the removal of salt (especially from sea water)


desalinization: the removal of salt (especially from sea water)


desalinisation: the removal of salt (especially from sea water)


desertification: the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land


desensitization: the process of reducing sensitivity


desensitisation: the process of reducing sensitivity


desorption: changing from an adsorbed state on a surface to a gaseous or liquid state


destalinization: social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor


de-Stalinization: social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor


destalinisation: social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor


de-Stalinisation: social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor


destructive distillation: heating a solid substance in a closed container and collecting the volatile products


deterioration: process of changing to an inferior state


decline in quality: process of changing to an inferior state


declension: process of changing to an inferior state


worsening: process of changing to an inferior state


detumescence: diminution of swelling; the subsidence of anything swollen


development: processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible


developing: processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible


development: a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)


evolution: a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)


diakinesis: the final stage of the prophase of meiosis


diastrophism: the process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust


diffusion: (physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration


digestion: the organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body


digestion: the process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria or by chemical action or heat


digital photography: a photographic method that stores the image digitally for later reproduction


dilapidation: the process of becoming dilapidated


ruin: the process of becoming dilapidated


diplotene: the fourth stage of the prophase of meiosis


discharge: any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body


emission: any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body


expelling: any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body


disinflation: a reduction of prices intended to improve the balance of payments


displacement: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one


displacement: (chemistry) a reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound


displacement reaction: (chemistry) a reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound


dissimilation: a linguistic process by which one of two similar sounds in a word becomes less like the other


dissociation: (chemistry) the temporary or reversible process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions


dissolution: separation into component parts


disintegration: separation into component parts


dissolving: the process of going into solution


dissolution: the process of going into solution


distillation: the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors


distillment: the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors


distributed data processing: data processing in which some of the functions are performed in different places and connected by transmission facilities


remote-access data processing: data processing in which some of the functions are performed in different places and connected by transmission facilities


teleprocessing: data processing in which some of the functions are performed in different places and connected by transmission facilities


dithering: the process of representing intermediate colors by patterns of tiny colored dots that simulate the desired color


domestication: adaptation to intimate association with human beings


double decomposition: a chemical reaction between two compounds in which parts of each are interchanged to form two new compounds (AB+CD=AD+CB)


double decomposition reaction: a chemical reaction between two compounds in which parts of each are interchanged to form two new compounds (AB+CD=AD+CB)


metathesis: a chemical reaction between two compounds in which parts of each are interchanged to form two new compounds (AB+CD=AD+CB)


double replacement reaction: a chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound


doubling: increase by a factor of two


drift: the gradual departure from an intended course due to external influences (as a ship or plane)


drift: a process of linguistic change over a period of time


dry plate: a former photographic method that used a glass plate coated with a light-sensitive gelatinous emulsion


dry plate process: a former photographic method that used a glass plate coated with a light-sensitive gelatinous emulsion


melioration: the linguistic process in which over a period of time a word grows more positive in connotation or more elevated in meaning


dyadic operation: an operation on exactly two operands


ebb: a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)


ebbing: a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)


wane: a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)


eburnation: a change that occurs in degenerative joint disease in which bone is converted into a dense smooth substance resembling ivory


ecchymosis: the escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels into the surrounding tissue to form a purple or black-and-blue spot on the skin


economic growth: steady growth in the productive capacity of the economy (and so a growth of national income)


economic process: any process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth


effacement: shortening of the uterine cervix and thinning of its walls as it is dilated during labor


effervescence: the process of bubbling as gas escapes


ejaculation: the discharge of semen in males


electrodeposition: the deposition of a substance on an electrode by the action of electricity (especially by electrolysis)


electrolysis: (chemistry) a chemical decomposition reaction produced by passing an electric current through a solution containing ions


electronic data processing: automatic data processing by electronic means without the use of tabulating cards or punched tapes


EDP: automatic data processing by electronic means without the use of tabulating cards or punched tapes


electrophoresis: the motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode


cataphoresis: the motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode


dielectrolysis: the motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode


ionophoresis: the motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode


electrostatic precipitation: a process that removes suspended dust particles from a gas by applying a high voltage electrostatic charge to the particles and collecting them on charged plates


elimination: the bodily process of discharging waste matter


evacuation: the bodily process of discharging waste matter


excretion: the bodily process of discharging waste matter


excreting: the bodily process of discharging waste matter


voiding: the bodily process of discharging waste matter


elimination reaction: a chemical reaction in which a molecule decomposes to two different molecules


elision: omission of a sound between two words (usually a vowel and the end of one word or the beginning of the next)


ellipsis: omission or suppression of parts of words or sentences


eclipsis: omission or suppression of parts of words or sentences


elution: the process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent to remove adsorbed material from an adsorbent (as in washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions); used to obtain uranium ions


emergent evolution: the appearance of entirely new properties at certain critical stages in the course of evolution


emission: the release of electrons from parent atoms


encapsulation: the process of enclosing (as in a capsule)


endoergic reaction: a nuclear reaction occurring with absorption of energy


endothermic reaction: a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat


enuresis: inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination


urinary incontinence: inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination


epigenesis: a geological change in the mineral content of rock after the rock has formed


epilation: loss of hair; the result of removing hair


epitaxy: growing a crystal layer of one mineral on the crystal base of another mineral in such a manner that its crystalline orientation is the same as that of the substrate


erosion: (geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)


eroding: (geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)


eating away: (geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)


wearing: (geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)


wearing away: (geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)


erosion: a gradual decline of something


erythropoiesis: the process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marrow


establishment: (ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat


ecesis: (ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat


Europeanization: assimilation into European culture


Europeanisation: assimilation into European culture


eutrophication: excessive nutrients in a lake or other body of water, usually caused by runoff of nutrients (animal waste, fertilizers, sewage) from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life; the decomposition of the plants depletes the supply of oxygen, leading to the death of animal life


evolution: (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms


organic evolution: (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms


phylogeny: (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms


phylogenesis: (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms


execution: (computer science) the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer


instruction execution: (computer science) the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer


exoergic reaction: a nuclear reaction accompanied by the evolution of energy


exothermic reaction: a chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat


expectoration: the process of coughing up and spitting out


exponential decay: a decrease that follows an exponential function


exponential return: a decrease that follows an exponential function


expression: (genetics) the process of expressing a gene


extinction: the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation


extraction: the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means


extravasation: the process of exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said of blood or lymph or urine


farrow: the production of a litter of pigs


farrowing: the production of a litter of pigs


fat metabolism: a metabolic process that breaks down ingested fats into fatty acids and glycerol and then into simpler compounds that can be used by cells of the body


feedback: the process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output


feminization: the process of becoming feminized; the development of female characteristics (loss of facial hair or breast enlargement) in a male because of hormonal disorders or castration


feminisation: the process of becoming feminized; the development of female characteristics (loss of facial hair or breast enlargement) in a male because of hormonal disorders or castration


festering: (medicine) the formation of morbific matter in an abscess or a vesicle and the discharge of pus


suppuration: (medicine) the formation of morbific matter in an abscess or a vesicle and the discharge of pus


maturation: (medicine) the formation of morbific matter in an abscess or a vesicle and the discharge of pus


fibrinolysis: a normal ongoing process that dissolves fibrin and results in the removal of small blood clots


field emission: the emission of electrons that are stripped from parent atoms by a high electric field


filling: flow into something (as a container)


filtration: the process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium


fire: the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke


flame: the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke


flaming: the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke


fission: a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy


nuclear fission: a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy


fission: reproduction of some unicellular organisms by division of the cell into two more or less equal parts


fissiparity: reproduction of some multicellular organisms by division, as in the case of some starfish


fixed-cycle operation: an operation that is completed in a specified number of regularly timed execution cycles


flare: a sudden burst of flame


floating-point operation: an arithmetic operation performed on floating-point numbers


flop: an arithmetic operation performed on floating-point numbers


flocculation: the process of flocculating; forming woolly cloudlike aggregations


flow: any uninterrupted stream or discharge


flowage: gradual internal motion or deformation of a solid body (as by heat)


focalization: the confinement of an infection to a limited area


focalisation: the confinement of an infection to a limited area


fold: a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock


folding: a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock


foliation: (geology) the arrangement of leaflike layers in a rock


foliation: (botany) the process of forming leaves


leafing: (botany) the process of forming leaves


foreground processing: the execution of a program that preempts the use of the processing system


foregrounding: the execution of a program that preempts the use of the processing system


formation: natural process that causes something to form


fossilization: the process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone


fossilisation: the process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone


fractional distillation: fractionation of a liquid by distillation


fractionation: a process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components


fractional process: a process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components


fragmentation: (computer science) the condition of a file that is broken up and stored in many different locations on a magnetic disk


freeze: the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid


freezing: the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid


freeze-drying: a method of drying food or blood plasma or pharmaceuticals or tissue without destroying their physical structure; material is frozen and then warmed in a vacuum so that the ice sublimes


lyophilization: a method of drying food or blood plasma or pharmaceuticals or tissue without destroying their physical structure; material is frozen and then warmed in a vacuum so that the ice sublimes


lyophilisation: a method of drying food or blood plasma or pharmaceuticals or tissue without destroying their physical structure; material is frozen and then warmed in a vacuum so that the ice sublimes


frost: the formation of frost or ice on a surface


icing: the formation of frost or ice on a surface


fructification: the bearing of fruit


fusion: a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy


nuclear fusion: a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy


nuclear fusion reaction: a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy


fusion: the merging of adjacent sounds or syllables or words


galactosis: the secretion of milk


galvanization: stimulation with a galvanic current


galvanisation: stimulation with a galvanic current


gametogenesis: the development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis


gasification: the process of changing into gas


gassing: the process of interacting with gas


gastric digestion: the process of breaking down proteins by the action of the gastric juice in the stomach


gastrulation: the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells


geological process: (geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified


geologic process: (geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified


germination: the process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow


sprouting: the process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow


glaciation: the process of covering the earth with glaciers or masses of ice


Riss glaciation: the next-to-last Pleistocene glaciation in the Alps and the deposits laid down at that time


Saale glaciation: the next-to-last Pleistocene glaciation in northern Europe and the deposits laid down at that time


Wolstonian glaciation: the next-to-last Pleistocene glaciation in Britain and the deposits laid down at that time


globalization: growth to a global or worldwide scale


globalisation: growth to a global or worldwide scale


global warming: an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)


glycogenesis: the formation in animals of glycogen from glucose


glycolysis: a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and releases energy for the body in the form of ATP


growing: (electronics) the production of (semiconductor) crystals by slow crystallization from the molten state


growth: (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level


growing: (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level


maturation: (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level


development: (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level


ontogeny: (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level


ontogenesis: (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level


growth: a progression from simpler to more complex forms


gynogenesis: female parthenogenesis in which the embryo contains only maternal chromosomes due to the failure of the sperm to fuse with the egg nucleus


Haber process: an industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen by combining them under high pressure in the presence of an iron catalyst


Haber-Bosch process: an industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen by combining them under high pressure in the presence of an iron catalyst


habit: the general form or mode of growth (especially of a plant or crystal)


hardening: the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization


solidifying: the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization


solidification: the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization


set: the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization


curing: the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization


hatch: the production of young from an egg


hatching: the production of young from an egg


healing: the natural process by which the body repairs itself


heat dissipation: dissipation of heat


heating: the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature


warming: the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature


hemagglutination: agglutination of red blood cells


haemagglutination: agglutination of red blood cells


hematochezia: passage of stools containing blood (as from diverticulosis or colon cancer or peptic ulcer)


haematochezia: passage of stools containing blood (as from diverticulosis or colon cancer or peptic ulcer)


hematopoiesis: the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)


haematopoiesis: the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)


hemopoiesis: the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)


haemopoiesis: the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)


hemogenesis: the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)


haemogenesis: the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)


hematogenesis: the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)


haematogenesis: the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)


sanguification: the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)


hemimetamorphosis: incomplete or partial metamorphosis in insects


hemimetabolism: incomplete or partial metamorphosis in insects


hemimetaboly: incomplete or partial metamorphosis in insects


heterometabolism: development of insects with incomplete metamorphosis in which no pupal stage precedes maturity


heterometaboly: development of insects with incomplete metamorphosis in which no pupal stage precedes maturity


hemolysis: lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin


haemolysis: lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin


hematolysis: lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin


haematolysis: lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin


heredity: the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next


heterospory: the development of both microspores and megaspores


holometabolism: complete metamorphosis in insects


holometaboly: complete metamorphosis in insects


homospory: the development of a single kind of asexual spores


human process: a process in which human beings are involved


humification: the process of the formation of humus from plant remains


hydration: the process of combining with water; usually reversible


hydrocracking: the process whereby hydrocarbon molecules of petroleum are broken down into kerosene and gasolene by the addition of hydrogen under high pressure in the presence of a catalyst


hydrogenation: a chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil


hydrolysis: a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds; involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion from the water


hyperhidrosis: excessive and profuse perspiration


hyperidrosis: excessive and profuse perspiration


polyhidrosis: excessive and profuse perspiration


hypersecretion: excessive secretion


hypostasis: the accumulation of blood in an organ


hypostasis: the suppression of a gene by the effect of an unrelated gene


epistasis: the suppression of a gene by the effect of an unrelated gene


idealization: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that splits something you are ambivalent about into two representations--one good and one bad


idealisation: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that splits something you are ambivalent about into two representations--one good and one bad


ignition: the process of initiating combustion or catching fire


imbibition: (chemistry) the absorption of a liquid by a solid or gel


immunoelectrophoresis: electrophoresis to separate antigens and antibodies


implantation: (embryology) the organic process whereby a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus of placental mammals


nidation: (embryology) the organic process whereby a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus of placental mammals


impregnation: the process of totally saturating something with a substance


saturation: the process of totally saturating something with a substance


inactivation: the process of rendering inactive


incontinence: involuntary urination or defecation


incontinency: involuntary urination or defecation


increase: a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important


increment: a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important


growth: a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important


incrustation: the formation of a crust


encrustation: the formation of a crust


induction heating: the heating of a conducting material caused by an electric current induced in it


industrial process: a systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something


indweller: activation by an inner spirit or force or principle


infection: (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease


infection: (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound


inflation: a general and progressive increase in prices


rising prices: a general and progressive increase in prices


deflation: (geology) the erosion of soil as a consequence of sand and dust and loose rocks being removed by the wind


inflationary spiral: an episode of inflation in which prices and wages increase at an increasing rate and currency rapidly loses value


deflationary spiral: an episode of deflation in which prices and wages decrease at an increasing rate and currency gains in value


inflow: the process of flowing in


influx: the process of flowing in


infructescence: the fruiting stage of the inflorescence


infusion: the process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water)


inhibition: (physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part


inpouring: an inflow


inpour: an inflow


inrush: an inflow


inspissation: the process of thickening by dehydration


insufflation: (medicine) blowing air or medicated powder into the lungs (or into some other body cavity)


integrated data processing: automatic data processing in which data acquisition and other stages or processing are integrated into a coherent system


IDP: automatic data processing in which data acquisition and other stages or processing are integrated into a coherent system


intellectualization: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that uses reasoning to block out emotional stress and conflict


intellectualisation: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that uses reasoning to block out emotional stress and conflict


internal combustion: the combustion of fuel inside a cylinder (as in an internal-combustion engine)


intrusion: the forcing of molten rock into fissures or between strata of an earlier rock formation


intumescence: the increase in volume of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water)


intumescency: the increase in volume of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water)


swelling: the increase in volume of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water)


intussusception: (biology) growth in the surface area of a cell by the deposit of new particles between existing particles in the cell wall


invagination: the folding in of an outer layer so as to form a pocket in the surface


introversion: the folding in of an outer layer so as to form a pocket in the surface


intussusception: the folding in of an outer layer so as to form a pocket in the surface


infolding: the folding in of an outer layer so as to form a pocket in the surface


inversion: a chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa


involution: reduction in size of an organ or part (as in the return of the uterus to normal size after childbirth)


iodination: the substitution or addition of iodine atoms in organic compounds


ion exchange: a process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid; widely used in industrial processing


ionization: the process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas


ionisation: the process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas


irreversible process: any process that is not reversible


isoagglutination: agglutination of an agglutinogen of one individual by a serum from another individual of the same species


isogamy: (biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of gametes of the same size and structure


isolation: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which memory of an unacceptable act or impulse is separated from the emotion originally associated with it


iteration: (computer science) executing the same set of instructions a given number of times or until a specified result is obtained


looping: (computer science) executing the same set of instructions a given number of times or until a specified result is obtained


iteration: (computer science) a single execution of a set of instructions that are to be repeated


loop: (computer science) a single execution of a set of instructions that are to be repeated


juvenescence: the process of growing into a youth


cytokinesis: organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells


karyokinesis: organic process consisting of the division of the nucleus of a cell during mitosis or meiosis


karyolysis: disintegration and dissolution of a cell nucleus when a cell dies


katamorphism: metamorphism that occurs at or near the earth's surface; breaks down complex minerals into simpler ones


keratinization: organic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair)


keratinisation: organic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair)


Krebs cycle: in all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy


Krebs citric acid cycle: in all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy


citric acid cycle: in all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy


tricarboxylic acid cycle: in all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy


lacrimation: shedding tears


lachrymation: shedding tears


tearing: shedding tears


watering: shedding tears


lactation: the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands


Lamaze method of childbirth: a method that prepares a mother for natural childbirth; the pregnant woman (in classes and at home) practices (usually with the help of a coach) and learns about the physiology of childbirth and techniques of relaxation, concentration, and breathing


Lamaze method: a method that prepares a mother for natural childbirth; the pregnant woman (in classes and at home) practices (usually with the help of a coach) and learns about the physiology of childbirth and techniques of relaxation, concentration, and breathing


laying: the production of eggs (especially in birds)


egg laying: the production of eggs (especially in birds)


leach: the process of leaching


leaching: the process of leaching


leak: a euphemism for urination


wetting: a euphemism for urination


making water: a euphemism for urination


passing water: a euphemism for urination


Leboyer method of childbirth: a method of childbirth that tries to minimize the trauma for the newborn; delivery occurs in a quiet dimly lit room and the infant's head is not pulled and immediate bonding between mother and child is encouraged


Leboyer method: a method of childbirth that tries to minimize the trauma for the newborn; delivery occurs in a quiet dimly lit room and the infant's head is not pulled and immediate bonding between mother and child is encouraged


leeway: (of a ship or plane) sideways drift


leptotene: the first stage of the prophase of meiosis


lexicalization: the process of making a word to express a concept


lexicalisation: the process of making a word to express a concept


libration: (astronomy) a real or apparent slow oscillation of a moon or satellite


life cycle: the course of developmental changes in an organism from fertilized zygote to maturity when another zygote can be produced


light reaction: the first stage of photosynthesis during which energy from light is used for the production of ATP


line feed: the operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed on the next line


linguistic process: a process involved in human language


liquefaction: the conversion of a solid or a gas into a liquid


list processing: processing data that is given in the form of chained lists


lithuresis: passing small stones with the urine


logic operation: an operation that follows the rules of symbolic logic


logical operation: an operation that follows the rules of symbolic logic


loss: gradual decline in amount or activity


lymphopoiesis: the formation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and thymus and spleen


lysis: (biochemistry) dissolution or destruction of cells such as blood cells or bacteria


lysis: recuperation in which the symptoms of an acute disease gradually subside


lysogenization: the process by which a bacterium acquires a phage that becomes integrated into its genome


lysogenisation: the process by which a bacterium acquires a phage that becomes integrated into its genome


maceration: softening due to soaking or steeping


macroevolution: evolution on a large scale extending over geologic era and resulting in the formation of new taxonomic groups


magnetization: the process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently)


magnetisation: the process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently)


magnetic induction: the process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently)


majority operation: a threshold operation in which each operand is 0 or 1; output is 1 if and only if more than half the operands have the value 1


malabsorption: abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract


marginalization: the social process of becoming or being made marginal (especially as a group within the larger society)


marginalisation: the social process of becoming or being made marginal (especially as a group within the larger society)


market forces: the interaction of supply and demand that shapes a market economy


Markov chain: a Markov process for which the parameter is discrete time values


Markoff chain: a Markov process for which the parameter is discrete time values


Markov process: a simple stochastic process in which the distribution of future states depends only on the present state and not on how it arrived in the present state


Markoff process: a simple stochastic process in which the distribution of future states depends only on the present state and not on how it arrived in the present state


masculinization: the abnormal development of male sexual characteristics in a female (usually as the result of hormone therapies or adrenal malfunction)


masculinisation: the abnormal development of male sexual characteristics in a female (usually as the result of hormone therapies or adrenal malfunction)