bitter cassava: cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca


manioc: cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca


mandioc: cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca


mandioca: cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca


tapioca plant: cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca


gari: cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca


Manihot esculenta: cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca


Manihot utilissima: cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca


cassava: cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca


manioc: cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca


sweet cassava: South American plant with roots used as a vegetable and herbage used for stock feed


Manihot dulcis: South American plant with roots used as a vegetable and herbage used for stock feed


Aleurites: candlenut


genus Aleurites: candlenut


candlenut: large tree native to southeastern Asia; the nuts yield oil used in varnishes; nut kernels strung together are used locally as candles


varnish tree: large tree native to southeastern Asia; the nuts yield oil used in varnishes; nut kernels strung together are used locally as candles


Aleurites moluccana: large tree native to southeastern Asia; the nuts yield oil used in varnishes; nut kernels strung together are used locally as candles


tung tree: Chinese tree bearing seeds that yield tung oil


tung: Chinese tree bearing seeds that yield tung oil


tung-oil tree: Chinese tree bearing seeds that yield tung oil


Aleurites fordii: Chinese tree bearing seeds that yield tung oil


Pedilanthus: tropical American succulent shrubs


genus Pedilanthus: tropical American succulent shrubs


slipper spurge: any of several tropical American shrubby succulent plants resembling cacti but having foot-shaped bracts


slipper plant: any of several tropical American shrubby succulent plants resembling cacti but having foot-shaped bracts


candelilla: wax-coated Mexican shrub related to Euphorbia antisyphilitica


Pedilanthus bracteatus: wax-coated Mexican shrub related to Euphorbia antisyphilitica


Pedilanthus pavonis: wax-coated Mexican shrub related to Euphorbia antisyphilitica


Jewbush: low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties


Jew-bush: low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties


Jew bush: low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties


redbird cactus: low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties


redbird flower: low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties


Pedilanthus tithymaloides: low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties


Sebastiana: Mexican spurges


genus Sebastiana: Mexican spurges


jumping bean: seed of Mexican shrubs of the genus Sebastiana containing the larva of a moth whose movements cause the bean to jerk or tumble


jumping seed: seed of Mexican shrubs of the genus Sebastiana containing the larva of a moth whose movements cause the bean to jerk or tumble


Mexican jumping bean: seed of Mexican shrubs of the genus Sebastiana containing the larva of a moth whose movements cause the bean to jerk or tumble


Theaceae: a family of trees and shrubs of the order Parietales


family Theaceae: a family of trees and shrubs of the order Parietales


tea family: a family of trees and shrubs of the order Parietales


genus Camellia: tropical Asiatic evergreen shrubs or small trees


camellia: any of several shrubs or small evergreen trees having solitary white or pink or reddish flowers


camelia: any of several shrubs or small evergreen trees having solitary white or pink or reddish flowers


japonica: greenhouse shrub with glossy green leaves and showy fragrant rose-like flowers; cultivated in many varieties


Camellia japonica: greenhouse shrub with glossy green leaves and showy fragrant rose-like flowers; cultivated in many varieties


tea: a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves


Camellia sinensis: a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves


Umbelliferae: plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill


family Umbelliferae: plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill


Apiaceae: plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill


family Apiaceae: plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill


carrot family: plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill


umbellifer: any of numerous aromatic herbs of the family Umbelliferae


umbelliferous plant: any of numerous aromatic herbs of the family Umbelliferae


wild parsley: any of various uncultivated umbelliferous plants with foliage resembling that of carrots or parsley


Aethusa: fool's parsley


genus Aethusa: fool's parsley


fool's parsley: European weed naturalized in America that resembles parsley but causes nausea and poisoning when eaten


lesser hemlock: European weed naturalized in America that resembles parsley but causes nausea and poisoning when eaten


Aethusa cynapium: European weed naturalized in America that resembles parsley but causes nausea and poisoning when eaten


Anethum: dill


genus Anethum: dill


dill: aromatic Old World herb having aromatic threadlike foliage and seeds used as seasoning


Anethum graveolens: aromatic Old World herb having aromatic threadlike foliage and seeds used as seasoning


genus Angelica: biennial or perennial herbs of the northern hemisphere; have a taproot


angelica: any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels


angelique: any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels


garden angelica: a biennial cultivated herb; its stems are candied and eaten and its roots are used medicinally


archangel: a biennial cultivated herb; its stems are candied and eaten and its roots are used medicinally


Angelica Archangelica: a biennial cultivated herb; its stems are candied and eaten and its roots are used medicinally


wild angelica: European herb with compound leaves and white flowers; adventive on Cape Breton Island


Angelica sylvestris: European herb with compound leaves and white flowers; adventive on Cape Breton Island


Anthriscus: chervil: of Europe, North Africa and Asia


genus Anthriscus: chervil: of Europe, North Africa and Asia


chervil: aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads


beaked parsley: aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads


Anthriscus cereifolium: aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads


cow parsley: coarse erect biennial Old World herb introduced as a weed in eastern North America


wild chervil: coarse erect biennial Old World herb introduced as a weed in eastern North America


Anthriscus sylvestris: coarse erect biennial Old World herb introduced as a weed in eastern North America


Apium: celery


genus Apium: celery


wild celery: herb of Europe and temperate Asia


Apium graveolens: herb of Europe and temperate Asia


celery: widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked


cultivated celery: widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked


Apium graveolens dulce: widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked


celeriac: grown for its thickened edible aromatic root


celery root: grown for its thickened edible aromatic root


knob celery: grown for its thickened edible aromatic root


root celery: grown for its thickened edible aromatic root


turnip-rooted celery: grown for its thickened edible aromatic root


Apium graveolens rapaceum: grown for its thickened edible aromatic root


genus Astrantia: a genus of Eurasian herbs of the family Umbelliferae with aromatic roots and palmate leaves and showy flowers


astrantia: any plant of the genus Astrantia


masterwort: any plant of the genus Astrantia


greater masterwort: European herb with aromatic roots and leaves in a basal tuft and showy compound umbels of white to rosy flowers


Astrantia major: European herb with aromatic roots and leaves in a basal tuft and showy compound umbels of white to rosy flowers


Carum: caraway


genus Carum: caraway


caraway: a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed


Carum carvi: a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed


whorled caraway: a caraway with whorled leaves


Cicuta: small genus of perennial herbs having deadly poisonous tuberous roots: water hemlock


genus Cicuta: small genus of perennial herbs having deadly poisonous tuberous roots: water hemlock


water hemlock: tall erect highly poisonous Eurasiatic perennial herb locally abundant in marshy areas


Cicuta verosa: tall erect highly poisonous Eurasiatic perennial herb locally abundant in marshy areas


spotted cowbane: tall biennial water hemlock of northeastern North America having purple-spotted stems and clusters of extremely poisonous tuberous roots resembling small sweet potatoes


spotted hemlock: tall biennial water hemlock of northeastern North America having purple-spotted stems and clusters of extremely poisonous tuberous roots resembling small sweet potatoes


spotted water hemlock: tall biennial water hemlock of northeastern North America having purple-spotted stems and clusters of extremely poisonous tuberous roots resembling small sweet potatoes


Conium: small genus of highly toxic biennials: hemlock


genus Conium: small genus of highly toxic biennials: hemlock


hemlock: large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous


poison hemlock: large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous


poison parsley: large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous


California fern: large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous


Nebraska fern: large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous


winter fern: large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous


Conium maculatum: large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous


Conopodium: a genus of dicotyledonous plants of the family Umbelliferae


genus Conopodium: a genus of dicotyledonous plants of the family Umbelliferae


earthnut: a common European plant having edible tubers with the flavor of roasted chestnuts


Conopodium denudatum: a common European plant having edible tubers with the flavor of roasted chestnuts


Coriandrum: small genus of annual Mediterranean herbs


genus Coriandrum: small genus of annual Mediterranean herbs


coriander: Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley


coriander plant: Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley


Chinese parsley: Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley


cilantro: Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley


Coriandrum sativum: Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley


Cuminum: cumin


genus Cuminum: cumin


cumin: dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds


Cuminum cyminum: dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds


Daucus: carrot


genus Daucus: carrot


wild carrot: a widely naturalized Eurasian herb with finely cut foliage and white compound umbels of small white or yellowish flowers and thin yellowish roots


Queen Anne's lace: a widely naturalized Eurasian herb with finely cut foliage and white compound umbels of small white or yellowish flowers and thin yellowish roots


Daucus carota: a widely naturalized Eurasian herb with finely cut foliage and white compound umbels of small white or yellowish flowers and thin yellowish roots


carrot: perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions


cultivated carrot: perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions


Daucus carota sativa: perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions


carrot: deep orange edible root of the cultivated carrot plant


Eryngium: large genus of decorative plants with thistlelike flower heads; cosmopolitan in distribution


genus Eryngium: large genus of decorative plants with thistlelike flower heads; cosmopolitan in distribution


eryngo: any plant of the genus Eryngium


eringo: any plant of the genus Eryngium


sea holly: European evergreen eryngo with twisted spiny leaves naturalized on United States east coast; roots formerly used as an aphrodisiac


sea holm: European evergreen eryngo with twisted spiny leaves naturalized on United States east coast; roots formerly used as an aphrodisiac


sea eryngium: European evergreen eryngo with twisted spiny leaves naturalized on United States east coast; roots formerly used as an aphrodisiac


Eryngium maritimum: European evergreen eryngo with twisted spiny leaves naturalized on United States east coast; roots formerly used as an aphrodisiac


button snakeroot: coarse prickly perennial eryngo with aromatic roots; southeastern United States; often confused with rattlesnake master


Eryngium aquaticum: coarse prickly perennial eryngo with aromatic roots; southeastern United States; often confused with rattlesnake master


rattlesnake master: coarse prickly perennial eryngo of United States thought to cure rattlesnake bite


rattlesnake's master: coarse prickly perennial eryngo of United States thought to cure rattlesnake bite


button snakeroot: coarse prickly perennial eryngo of United States thought to cure rattlesnake bite


Eryngium yuccifolium: coarse prickly perennial eryngo of United States thought to cure rattlesnake bite


Foeniculum: very small genus of aromatic European herbs with pinnately compound leaves and yellow flowers


genus Foeniculum: very small genus of aromatic European herbs with pinnately compound leaves and yellow flowers


fennel: any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems


common fennel: strongly aromatic with a smell of aniseed; leaves and seeds used for seasoning


Foeniculum vulgare: strongly aromatic with a smell of aniseed; leaves and seeds used for seasoning


Florence fennel: grown especially for its edible aromatic bulbous stem base


Foeniculum dulce: grown especially for its edible aromatic bulbous stem base


Foeniculum vulgare dulce: grown especially for its edible aromatic bulbous stem base


Heracleum: widely distributed genus of plants with usually thick rootstocks and large umbels of white flowers


genus Heracleum: widely distributed genus of plants with usually thick rootstocks and large umbels of white flowers


cow parsnip: tall coarse plant having thick stems and cluster of white to purple flowers


hogweed: tall coarse plant having thick stems and cluster of white to purple flowers


Heracleum sphondylium: tall coarse plant having thick stems and cluster of white to purple flowers


Levisticum: genus of aromatic European herbs with yellow flowers


genus Levisticum: genus of aromatic European herbs with yellow flowers


lovage: herb native to southern Europe; cultivated for its edible stalks and foliage and seeds


Levisticum officinale: herb native to southern Europe; cultivated for its edible stalks and foliage and seeds


Myrrhis: European perennial herbs having pinnate leaves and umbels of white flowers


genus Myrrhis: European perennial herbs having pinnate leaves and umbels of white flowers


sweet cicely: European herb with soft ferny leaves and white flowers


Myrrhis odorata: European herb with soft ferny leaves and white flowers


Oenanthe: poisonous herbs: water dropworts


genus Oenanthe: poisonous herbs: water dropworts


water dropwort: European poisonous herb having tuberous roots, yellow juice that stains the skin, yellow flowers and foliage resembling celery; all parts extremely poisonous


hemlock water dropwort: European poisonous herb having tuberous roots, yellow juice that stains the skin, yellow flowers and foliage resembling celery; all parts extremely poisonous


Oenanthe crocata: European poisonous herb having tuberous roots, yellow juice that stains the skin, yellow flowers and foliage resembling celery; all parts extremely poisonous


water fennel: European poisonous herb with fibrous roots


Oenanthe aquatica: European poisonous herb with fibrous roots


Pastinaca: a rosid dicot genus of the family Umbelliferae; includes parsnips


genus Pastinaca: a rosid dicot genus of the family Umbelliferae; includes parsnips


parsnip: a strong-scented plant cultivated for its edible root


Pastinaca sativa: a strong-scented plant cultivated for its edible root


cultivated parsnip: European biennial having a long fusiform root that has been made palatable through cultivation


parsnip: the whitish root of cultivated parsnip


wild parsnip: biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip


madnep: biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip


Petroselinum: parsley


genus Petroselinum: parsley


parsley: annual or perennial herb with aromatic leaves


Petroselinum crispum: annual or perennial herb with aromatic leaves


Italian parsley: a variety of parsley having flat leaves


flat-leaf parsley: a variety of parsley having flat leaves


Petroselinum crispum neapolitanum: a variety of parsley having flat leaves


Hamburg parsley: parsley with smooth leaves and enlarged edible taproot resembling a savory parsnip


turnip-rooted parsley: parsley with smooth leaves and enlarged edible taproot resembling a savory parsnip


Petroselinum crispum tuberosum: parsley with smooth leaves and enlarged edible taproot resembling a savory parsnip


Pimpinella: anise


genus Pimpinella: anise


anise: native to Egypt but cultivated widely for its aromatic seeds and the oil from them used medicinally and as a flavoring in cookery


anise plant: native to Egypt but cultivated widely for its aromatic seeds and the oil from them used medicinally and as a flavoring in cookery


Pimpinella anisum: native to Egypt but cultivated widely for its aromatic seeds and the oil from them used medicinally and as a flavoring in cookery


Sanicula: chiefly American herbs: sanicle


genus Sanicula: chiefly American herbs: sanicle


sanicle: a plant of the genus Sanicula having palmately compound leaves and unisexual flowers in panicled umbels followed by bristly fruit; reputed to have healing powers


snakeroot: a plant of the genus Sanicula having palmately compound leaves and unisexual flowers in panicled umbels followed by bristly fruit; reputed to have healing powers


footsteps-of-spring: sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow flowers


Sanicula arctopoides: sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow flowers


purple sanicle: sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow or red or purple flowers


Sanicula bipinnatifida: sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow or red or purple flowers


European sanicle: sanicle of Europe and Asia having white to pale pink flowers


Sanicula Europaea: sanicle of Europe and Asia having white to pale pink flowers


Seseli: a rosid dicot genus that includes moon carrots


genus Seseli: a rosid dicot genus that includes moon carrots


moon carrot: any plant of the genus Seseli having dense umbels of small white or pink flowers and finely divided foliage


stone parsley: any plant of the genus Seseli having dense umbels of small white or pink flowers and finely divided foliage


Sison: genus including stone parsley


genus Sison: genus including stone parsley


stone parsley: a slender roadside herb of western Europe and Mediterranean areas that has foliage resembling parsley and has white flowers with aromatic seeds


Sison amomum: a slender roadside herb of western Europe and Mediterranean areas that has foliage resembling parsley and has white flowers with aromatic seeds


Sium: perennial of wet and marshy places in the northern hemisphere: water parsnips


genus Sium: perennial of wet and marshy places in the northern hemisphere: water parsnips


water parsnip: stout white-flowered perennial found wild in shallow fresh water; northern United States and Asia


Sium suave: stout white-flowered perennial found wild in shallow fresh water; northern United States and Asia


greater water parsnip: large stout white-flowered perennial found wild in shallow fresh water; Europe


Sium latifolium: large stout white-flowered perennial found wild in shallow fresh water; Europe


skirret: an Asiatic herb cultivated in Europe for its sweet edible tuberous root


Sium sisarum: an Asiatic herb cultivated in Europe for its sweet edible tuberous root


Smyrnium: Alexanders


genus Smyrnium: Alexanders


Alexander: European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb


Alexanders: European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb


black lovage: European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb


horse parsley: European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb


Smyrnium olusatrum: European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb


Cornaceae: a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba, Cornus, Corokia, Curtisia, Griselinia, Helwingia


family Cornaceae: a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba, Cornus, Corokia, Curtisia, Griselinia, Helwingia


dogwood family: a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba, Cornus, Corokia, Curtisia, Griselinia, Helwingia


Aucuba: hardy evergreen dioecious shrubs and small trees from Japan


genus Aucuba: hardy evergreen dioecious shrubs and small trees from Japan


Cornus: a rosid dicot genus of the family Cornaceae including: dogwood; cornel: perennial chiefly deciduous shrubs or small trees of temperate regions of northern hemisphere


genus Cornus: a rosid dicot genus of the family Cornaceae including: dogwood; cornel: perennial chiefly deciduous shrubs or small trees of temperate regions of northern hemisphere


dogwood: a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers


dogwood tree: a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers


cornel: a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers


dogwood: hard tough wood of any dogwood of the genus Cornus; resembles boxwood


common white dogwood: deciduous tree; celebrated for its large white or pink bracts and stunning autumn color that is followed by red berries


eastern flowering dogwood: deciduous tree; celebrated for its large white or pink bracts and stunning autumn color that is followed by red berries


Cornus florida: deciduous tree; celebrated for its large white or pink bracts and stunning autumn color that is followed by red berries


red osier: common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers


red osier dogwood: common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers


red dogwood: common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers


American dogwood: common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers


redbrush: common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers


Cornus stolonifera: common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers


silky dogwood: shrub of eastern North America closely resembling silky cornel


Cornus obliqua: shrub of eastern North America closely resembling silky cornel


silky cornel: shrub of eastern North America having purplish stems and blue fruit


silky dogwood: shrub of eastern North America having purplish stems and blue fruit


Cornus amomum: shrub of eastern North America having purplish stems and blue fruit


common European dogwood: European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white flowers


red dogwood: European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white flowers


blood-twig: European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white flowers


pedwood: European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white flowers


Cornus sanguinea: European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white flowers


bunchberry: creeping perennial herb distinguished by red berries and clustered leaf whorls at the tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska


dwarf cornel: creeping perennial herb distinguished by red berries and clustered leaf whorls at the tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska


crackerberry: creeping perennial herb distinguished by red berries and clustered leaf whorls at the tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska


pudding berry: creeping perennial herb distinguished by red berries and clustered leaf whorls at the tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska


Cornus canadensis: creeping perennial herb distinguished by red berries and clustered leaf whorls at the tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska


cornelian cherry: deciduous European shrub or small tree having bright red fruit


Cornus mas: deciduous European shrub or small tree having bright red fruit


Corokia: evergreen shrubs with intricately twisted wiry stems that in summer are smothered in small yellow flowers; grows in New Zealand


genus Corokia: evergreen shrubs with intricately twisted wiry stems that in summer are smothered in small yellow flowers; grows in New Zealand


Curtisia: a large evergreen tree of South Africa


genus Curtisia: a large evergreen tree of South Africa


Griselinia: evergreen shrubs of New Zealand and South America


genus Griselinia: evergreen shrubs of New Zealand and South America


puka: South American shrub or small tree having long shining evergreen leaves and panicles of green or yellow flowers


Griselinia lucida: South American shrub or small tree having long shining evergreen leaves and panicles of green or yellow flowers


kapuka: small New Zealand broadleaf evergreen tree often cultivated in warm regions as an ornamental


Griselinia littoralis: small New Zealand broadleaf evergreen tree often cultivated in warm regions as an ornamental


Helwingia: deciduous dioecious shrubs native to woodland thickets in low mountains in Japan


genus Helwingia: deciduous dioecious shrubs native to woodland thickets in low mountains in Japan


Valerianaceae: genus of mostly herbs having a characteristic fetid odor


family Valerianaceae: genus of mostly herbs having a characteristic fetid odor


valerian family: genus of mostly herbs having a characteristic fetid odor


Valeriana: genus of widely distributed perennial herbs and some shrubs


genus Valeriana: genus of widely distributed perennial herbs and some shrubs


valerian: a plant of the genus Valeriana having lobed or dissected leaves and cymose white or pink flowers


common valerian: tall rhizomatous plant having very fragrant flowers and rhizomes used medicinally


garden heliotrope: tall rhizomatous plant having very fragrant flowers and rhizomes used medicinally


Valeriana officinalis: tall rhizomatous plant having very fragrant flowers and rhizomes used medicinally


Valerianella: genus of Old World annual herbs widely naturalized


genus Valerianella: genus of Old World annual herbs widely naturalized


corn salad: a plant of the genus Valerianella


common corn salad: widely cultivated as a salad crop and pot herb; often a weed


lamb's lettuce: widely cultivated as a salad crop and pot herb; often a weed


Valerianella olitoria: widely cultivated as a salad crop and pot herb; often a weed


Valerianella locusta: widely cultivated as a salad crop and pot herb; often a weed


Centranthus: genus of southern European herbs and subshrubs


genus Centranthus: genus of southern European herbs and subshrubs


red valerian: European herb with small fragrant crimson or white spurred flowers


French honeysuckle: European herb with small fragrant crimson or white spurred flowers


Centranthus ruber: European herb with small fragrant crimson or white spurred flowers


cutch: tannin extract derived from any of several mangrove barks of Pacific areas


kutch: tannin extract derived from any of several mangrove barks of Pacific areas


Hymenophyllaceae: terrestrial (hygrophytic) or epiphytic ferns: filmy ferns


family Hymenophyllaceae: terrestrial (hygrophytic) or epiphytic ferns: filmy ferns


Hymenophyllum: type genus of the Hymenophyllaceae: filmy ferns


genus Hymenophyllum: type genus of the Hymenophyllaceae: filmy ferns


filmy fern: any fern of the genus Hymenophyllum growing in tropical humid regions and having translucent leaves


film fern: any fern of the genus Hymenophyllum growing in tropical humid regions and having translucent leaves


Trichomanes: bristle ferns; kidney ferns


genus Trichomanes: bristle ferns; kidney ferns


bristle fern: any fern of the genus Trichomanes having large pinnatifid often translucent fronds; most are epiphytic on tree branches and twigs or terrestrial on mossy banks


filmy fern: any fern of the genus Trichomanes having large pinnatifid often translucent fronds; most are epiphytic on tree branches and twigs or terrestrial on mossy banks


hare's-foot bristle fern: a variety of bristle fern


Trichomanes boschianum: a variety of bristle fern


Killarney fern: large stout fern of extreme western Europe


Trichomanes speciosum: large stout fern of extreme western Europe


kidney fern: large fern of New Zealand having kidney-shaped fronds


Trichomanes reniforme: large fern of New Zealand having kidney-shaped fronds


Osmundaceae: large family of ferns widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas


family Osmundaceae: large family of ferns widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas


genus Osmunda: type genus of the Osmundaceae


flowering fern: any fern of the genus Osmunda: large ferns with creeping rhizomes; naked sporangia are on modified fronds that resemble flower clusters


osmund: any fern of the genus Osmunda: large ferns with creeping rhizomes; naked sporangia are on modified fronds that resemble flower clusters


royal fern: large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds


royal osmund: large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds


king fern: large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds


ditch fern: large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds


French bracken: large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds


Osmunda regalis: large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds


interrupted fern: North American fern having tall erect pinnate fronds and a few sporogenous pinnae at or near the center of the fertile fronds


Osmunda clatonia: North American fern having tall erect pinnate fronds and a few sporogenous pinnae at or near the center of the fertile fronds


cinnamon fern: New World fern having woolly cinnamon-colored spore-bearing fronds in early spring later surrounded by green fronds; the early uncurling fronds are edible


fiddlehead: New World fern having woolly cinnamon-colored spore-bearing fronds in early spring later surrounded by green fronds; the early uncurling fronds are edible


fiddlehead fern: New World fern having woolly cinnamon-colored spore-bearing fronds in early spring later surrounded by green fronds; the early uncurling fronds are edible


Osmunda cinnamonea: New World fern having woolly cinnamon-colored spore-bearing fronds in early spring later surrounded by green fronds; the early uncurling fronds are edible


Leptopteris: including some ferns sometimes placed in genus Todea


genus Leptopteris: including some ferns sometimes placed in genus Todea


crape fern: New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea


Prince-of-Wales fern: New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea


Prince-of-Wales feather: New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea


Prince-of-Wales plume: New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea


Leptopteris superba: New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea


Todea superba: New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea


Todea: a genus of delicate ferns belonging to the family Osmundaceae


genus Todea: a genus of delicate ferns belonging to the family Osmundaceae


crepe fern: fern of rain forests of tropical Australia and New Zealand and South Africa


king fern: fern of rain forests of tropical Australia and New Zealand and South Africa


Todea barbara: fern of rain forests of tropical Australia and New Zealand and South Africa


Schizaeaceae: small family of mainly tropical ferns


family Schizaeaceae: small family of mainly tropical ferns


Schizaea: type genus of the Schizaeaceae cosmopolitan especially in tropics; small leptosporangiate ferns: curly grass fern


genus Schizaea: type genus of the Schizaeaceae cosmopolitan especially in tropics; small leptosporangiate ferns: curly grass fern


curly grass: rare small fern of northeastern North America having numerous slender spiraling fronds and forming dense tufts


curly grass fern: rare small fern of northeastern North America having numerous slender spiraling fronds and forming dense tufts


Schizaea pusilla: rare small fern of northeastern North America having numerous slender spiraling fronds and forming dense tufts


Anemia: genus of terrestrial or lithophytic ferns having pinnatifid fronds; chiefly of tropical America


genus Anemia: genus of terrestrial or lithophytic ferns having pinnatifid fronds; chiefly of tropical America


pine fern: fern of Florida and West Indies and Central America with rhizome densely clad in grown hairs


Anemia adiantifolia: fern of Florida and West Indies and Central America with rhizome densely clad in grown hairs


Lygodium: chiefly tropical climbing ferns


genus Lygodium: chiefly tropical climbing ferns


climbing fern: any of several ferns of the genus Lygodium that climb by twining


creeping fern: delicate fern of the eastern United States having a twining stem and palmately-lobed sterile fronds and forked fertile fronds


Hartford fern: delicate fern of the eastern United States having a twining stem and palmately-lobed sterile fronds and forked fertile fronds


Lygodium palmatum: delicate fern of the eastern United States having a twining stem and palmately-lobed sterile fronds and forked fertile fronds


climbing maidenhair: tropical fern widespread in Old World; naturalized in Jamaica and Florida


climbing maidenhair fern: tropical fern widespread in Old World; naturalized in Jamaica and Florida


snake fern: tropical fern widespread in Old World; naturalized in Jamaica and Florida


Lygodium microphyllum: tropical fern widespread in Old World; naturalized in Jamaica and Florida


Mohria: African terrestrial ferns


genus Mohria: African terrestrial ferns


scented fern: sweetly scented African fern with narrow bipinnate fronds


Mohria caffrorum: sweetly scented African fern with narrow bipinnate fronds


aquatic fern: ferns that grow in water


water fern: ferns that grow in water


Marsileaceae: clover ferns


family Marsileaceae: clover ferns


Marsilea: clover ferns


genus Marsilea: clover ferns


clover fern: any of several water ferns of the genus Marsilea having four leaflets


pepperwort: any of several water ferns of the genus Marsilea having four leaflets


nardoo: Australian clover fern


nardo: Australian clover fern


common nardoo: Australian clover fern


Marsilea drummondii: Australian clover fern


water clover: water fern of Europe and Asia and the eastern United States distinguished by four leaflets resembling clover leaves


Marsilea quadrifolia: water fern of Europe and Asia and the eastern United States distinguished by four leaflets resembling clover leaves


Pilularia: pillworts


genus Pilularia: pillworts


pillwort: European water fern found around margins of bodies of water or in wet acid soil having small globose sporocarps


Pilularia globulifera: European water fern found around margins of bodies of water or in wet acid soil having small globose sporocarps


genus Regnellidium: one species of aquatic or semiaquatic fern


regnellidium: small latex-containing aquatic fern of southern Brazil


Regnellidium diphyllum: small latex-containing aquatic fern of southern Brazil


Salviniaceae: water ferns


family Salviniaceae: water ferns


Salvinia: type genus of the Salviniaceae: water ferns


genus Salvinia: type genus of the Salviniaceae: water ferns


floating-moss: free-floating aquatic ferns


Salvinia rotundifolia: free-floating aquatic ferns


Salvinia auriculata: free-floating aquatic ferns


Azollaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Azolla


family Azollaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Azolla


Azolla: a genus of fern sometimes placed in its own family Azollaceae


genus Azolla: a genus of fern sometimes placed in its own family Azollaceae


mosquito fern: small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe


floating fern: small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe


Carolina pond fern: small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe


Azolla caroliniana: small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe


Ophioglossales: coextensive with the family Ophioglossaceae


order Ophioglossales: coextensive with the family Ophioglossaceae


Ophioglossaceae: a family of succulent ferns of order Ophioglossales; cosmopolitan in distribution


family Ophioglossaceae: a family of succulent ferns of order Ophioglossales; cosmopolitan in distribution


Ophioglossum: the type genus of the fern family Ophioglossaceae


genus Ophioglossum: the type genus of the fern family Ophioglossaceae


adder's tongue: ferns with fertile spikes shaped like a snake's tongue


adder's tongue fern: ferns with fertile spikes shaped like a snake's tongue


ribbon fern: epiphytic fern with straplike usually twisted fronds of tropical Asia and Polynesia and America


Ophioglossum pendulum: epiphytic fern with straplike usually twisted fronds of tropical Asia and Polynesia and America


Botrychium: grape fern; moonwort


genus Botrychium: grape fern; moonwort


grape fern: a fern of the genus Botrychium having a fertile frond bearing small grapelike clusters of spore cases


moonwort: of America and Eurasia and Australia


common moonwort: of America and Eurasia and Australia


Botrychium lunaria: of America and Eurasia and Australia


daisyleaf grape fern: of North America and Eurasia


daisy-leaved grape fern: of North America and Eurasia


Botrychium matricariifolium: of North America and Eurasia


leathery grape fern: European fern with leathery and sparsely hairy fronds


Botrychium multifidum: European fern with leathery and sparsely hairy fronds


rattlesnake fern: American fern whose clustered sporangia resemble a snake's rattle


Botrychium virginianum: American fern whose clustered sporangia resemble a snake's rattle


Helminthostachys: one species: terrestrial fern of southeastern Asia and Australia


genus Helminthostachys: one species: terrestrial fern of southeastern Asia and Australia


flowering fern: Australasian fern with clusters of sporangia on stems of fertile fronds


Helminthostachys zeylanica: Australasian fern with clusters of sporangia on stems of fertile fronds


soldier grainy club: a variety of grainy club


ostiole: a small pore especially one in the reproductive bodies of certain algae and fungi through which spores pass


perithecium: flask-shaped ascocarp


stroma: the dense colorless framework of a chloroplast


stroma: a mass of fungal tissue that has spore-bearing structures embedded in it or on it


plastid: any of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein


chromoplast: plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll usually yellow or orange carotenoids


chloroplast: plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments; in plants that carry out photosynthesis


Erysiphales: saprophytic and parasitic fungi that live on plants


order Erysiphales: saprophytic and parasitic fungi that live on plants


Erysiphaceae: family of fungi parasitic mostly on leaves; includes powdery mildews


family Erysiphaceae: family of fungi parasitic mostly on leaves; includes powdery mildews


Erysiphe: genus of powdery mildews


genus Erysiphe: genus of powdery mildews


powdery mildew: any of various fungi of the genus Erysiphe producing powdery conidia on the host surface


Sphaeriales: large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders


order Sphaeriales: large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders


Sphaeriaceae: parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia


family Sphaeriaceae: parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia


Neurospora: genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries


genus Neurospora: genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries


Ceratostomataceae: fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks


family Ceratostomataceae: fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks


Ceratostomella: genus of fungi forming continuous hyaline spores


genus Ceratostomella: genus of fungi forming continuous hyaline spores


Dutch elm fungus: fungus causing Dutch elm disease


Ceratostomella ulmi: fungus causing Dutch elm disease


Hypocreales: used in some classifications for the family Hypocreaceae


order Hypocreales: used in some classifications for the family Hypocreaceae


Hypocreaceae: family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales


family Hypocreaceae: family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales


Claviceps: fungi parasitic upon the ovaries of various grasses


genus Claviceps: fungi parasitic upon the ovaries of various grasses


ergot: a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid


Claviceps purpurea: a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid


rye ergot: a sclerotium or hardened mass of mycelium


mushroom pimple: any of various fungi of the family Hypocreaceae


orange mushroom pimple: a variety of mushroom pimple


green mushroom pimple: a variety of mushroom pimple


Xylariaceae: family of fungi characterized by dark brown to black spores


family Xylariaceae: family of fungi characterized by dark brown to black spores


Xylaria: type genus of Xylariaceae; fungi with perithecia in the upper part of erect black woody stromata


genus Xylaria: type genus of Xylariaceae; fungi with perithecia in the upper part of erect black woody stromata


black root rot fungus: fungus causing black root rot in apples


Xylaria mali: fungus causing black root rot in apples


dead-man's-fingers: the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria


dead-men's-fingers: the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria


Xylaria polymorpha: the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria


Rosellinia: fungi having smooth perithecia with dark one-celled ascospores


genus Rosellinia: fungi having smooth perithecia with dark one-celled ascospores


Helotiales: order of fungi having asci in a disk-shaped to goblet-shaped apothecium


order Helotiales: order of fungi having asci in a disk-shaped to goblet-shaped apothecium


Helotiaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales


family Helotiaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales


Helotium: type genus of the Helotiaceae


genus Helotium: type genus of the Helotiaceae


Sclerotiniaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales


family Sclerotiniaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales


genus Sclerotinia: large genus of ascomycetous fungi including various destructive plant pathogens


sclerotinia: any fungus of the genus Sclerotinia; some causing brown rot diseases in plants


brown cup: a variety of sclerotinia


Sclerodermatales: an order of fungi having a peridium surrounding a gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)


order Sclerodermatales: an order of fungi having a peridium surrounding a gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)


Sclerodermataceae: a family of fungi or order Sclerodermatales with a single-layered peridium; includes earthballs


family Sclerodermataceae: a family of fungi or order Sclerodermatales with a single-layered peridium; includes earthballs


Scleroderma: genus of poisonous fungi having hard-skinned fruiting bodies: false truffles


genus Scleroderma: genus of poisonous fungi having hard-skinned fruiting bodies: false truffles


earthball: any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles


false truffle: any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles


puffball: any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles


hard-skinned puffball: any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles


Scleroderma citrinum: an earthball fungus that is a dingy brownish yellow and a dark purplish interior; the peridium is covered with a pattern of small warts


Scleroderma aurantium: an earthball fungus that is a dingy brownish yellow and a dark purplish interior; the peridium is covered with a pattern of small warts


Scleroderma flavidium: an earthball with a smooth upper surface that is at first buried in sand; the top of the fruiting body opens up to form segments like the ray of an umbel


star earthball: an earthball with a smooth upper surface that is at first buried in sand; the top of the fruiting body opens up to form segments like the ray of an umbel


Scleroderma bovista: an earthball with a peridium that is firm dry and smooth when young but developing cracks when mature; pale orange-yellow when young and reddish brown at maturity


smooth earthball: an earthball with a peridium that is firm dry and smooth when young but developing cracks when mature; pale orange-yellow when young and reddish brown at maturity


Podaxaceae: a variety of gastromycete


stalked puffball: a variety of Podaxaceae


Tulostomaceae: stalked puffballs


family Tulostomaceae: stalked puffballs


Tulostomataceae: stalked puffballs


family Tulostomataceae: stalked puffballs


Tulostoma: type genus of the Tulostomaceae


genus Tulostoma: type genus of the Tulostomaceae


Tulestoma: type genus of the Tulostomaceae


genus Tulestoma: type genus of the Tulostomaceae


stalked puffball: mushroom of the genus Tulostoma that resembles a puffball


Hymenogastrales: an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)


order Hymenogastrales: an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)


Rhizopogonaceae: a family of fungi of order Hymenogastrales having round subterranean sporophores


family Rhizopogonaceae: a family of fungi of order Hymenogastrales having round subterranean sporophores


false truffle: any of various fungi of the family Rhizopogonaceae having subterranean fruiting bodies similar to the truffle


Rhizopogon: a genus of fungi having subterranean sporophores resembling tubers


genus Rhizopogon: a genus of fungi having subterranean sporophores resembling tubers


Rhizopogon idahoensis: a large whitish Rhizopogon that becomes greyish brown in maturity


Truncocolumella: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Rhizopogonaceae


genus Truncocolumella: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Rhizopogonaceae


Truncocolumella citrina: a fungus with a round yellow to orange fruiting body that is found on the surface of the ground or partially buried; has a distinctive sterile column extending into the spore-bearing tissue


Zygomycota: division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores


subdivision Zygomycota: division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores


Zygomycotina: division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores


subdivision Zygomycotina: division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores


Zygomycetes: class of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota


class Zygomycetes: class of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota


Mucorales: an order of mostly saprophytic fungi


order Mucorales: an order of mostly saprophytic fungi


Mucoraceae: large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products


family Mucoraceae: large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products


genus Mucor: type genus of the Mucoraceae; genus of molds having cylindrical or pear-shaped sporangia not limited in location to points where rhizoids develop


mucor: any mold of the genus Mucor


genus Rhizopus: a genus of rot-causing fungi having columnar hemispherical aerial sporangia anchored to the substrate by rhizoids


rhizopus: any of various rot causing fungi of the genus Rhizopus


bread mold: a mold of the genus Rhizopus


Rhizopus nigricans: a mold of the genus Rhizopus


leak fungus: fungus causing soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables and rings of dry rot around roots of sweet potatoes


ring rot fungus: fungus causing soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables and rings of dry rot around roots of sweet potatoes


Rhizopus stolonifer: fungus causing soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables and rings of dry rot around roots of sweet potatoes


Entomophthorales: coextensive with the family Entomophthoraceae


order Entomophthorales: coextensive with the family Entomophthoraceae


Entomophthoraceae: mostly parasitic lower fungi that typically develop in the bodies of insects


family Entomophthoraceae: mostly parasitic lower fungi that typically develop in the bodies of insects


Entomophthora: type genus of the Entomophthoraceae; fungi parasitic on insects


genus Entomophthora: type genus of the Entomophthoraceae; fungi parasitic on insects


rhizoid: any of various slender filaments that function as roots in mosses and ferns and fungi etc


slime mold: a naked mass of protoplasm having characteristics of both plants and animals; sometimes classified as protoctists


slime mould: a naked mass of protoplasm having characteristics of both plants and animals; sometimes classified as protoctists


Myxomycota: slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista


division Myxomycota: slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista


Gymnomycota: slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista


division Gymnomycota: slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista


Myxomycetes: the class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota


class Myxomycetes: the class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota


true slime mold: a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes


acellular slime mold: a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes


plasmodial slime mold: a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes


myxomycete: a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes


Acrasiomycetes: cellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in kingdom Protoctista


class Acrasiomycetes: cellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in kingdom Protoctista


cellular slime mold: differing from true slime molds in being cellular and nucleate throughout the life cycle


genus Dictostylium: genus of slime molds that grow on dung and decaying vegetation


dictostylium: any slime mold of the genus Dictostylium


Phycomycetes: a large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems


Phycomycetes group: a large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems


Mastigomycota: fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota


subdivision Mastigomycota: fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota


Mastigomycotina: fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota


subdivision Mastigomycotina: fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota


Oomycetes: nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists


class Oomycetes: nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists


Chytridiomycetes: a class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants


class Chytridiomycetes: a class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants


Chytridiales: simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes


order Chytridiales: simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes


pond-scum parasite: an aquatic fungus of genus Synchytriaceae that is parasitic on pond scum


Chytridiaceae: a family of aquatic fungi of order Chytridiales


family Chytridiaceae: a family of aquatic fungi of order Chytridiales


Blastocladiales: fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes


order Blastocladiales: fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes


Blastodiaceae: a family of saprobic fungi of order Blastocladiales


family Blastodiaceae: a family of saprobic fungi of order Blastocladiales


Blastocladia: a genus of fungi of the family Blastodiaceae


genus Blastocladia: a genus of fungi of the family Blastodiaceae


Synchytriaceae: a fungus family of order Chytridiales


family Synchytriaceae: a fungus family of order Chytridiales


Synchytrium: simple parasitic fungi including pond scum parasites


genus Synchytrium: simple parasitic fungi including pond scum parasites


potato wart fungus: fungus causing potato wart disease in potato tubers


Synchytrium endobioticum: fungus causing potato wart disease in potato tubers


Saprolegniales: order of chiefly aquatic fungi


order Saprolegniales: order of chiefly aquatic fungi


Saprolegnia: aquatic fungi growing chiefly on plant debris and animal remains


genus Saprolegnia: aquatic fungi growing chiefly on plant debris and animal remains


white fungus: a fungus that attacks living fish and tadpoles and spawn causing white fungus disease: a coating of white hyphae on especially peripheral parts (as fins)


Saprolegnia ferax: a fungus that attacks living fish and tadpoles and spawn causing white fungus disease: a coating of white hyphae on especially peripheral parts (as fins)


water mold: parasitic or saprobic organisms living chiefly in fresh water or moist soil


Peronosporales: order of chiefly parasitic lower fungi: Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae and Pythiaceae


order Peronosporales: order of chiefly parasitic lower fungi: Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae and Pythiaceae


Peronosporaceae: parasitic fungi: downy mildews


family Peronosporaceae: parasitic fungi: downy mildews


Peronospora: genus of destructive downy mildews


genus Peronospora: genus of destructive downy mildews


downy mildew: any of various fungi of the family Peronosporaceae parasitic on e.g. grapes and potatoes and melons


false mildew: any of various fungi of the family Peronosporaceae parasitic on e.g. grapes and potatoes and melons


blue mold fungus: fungus causing a serious disease in tobacco plants characterized by bluish-grey mildew on undersides of leaves


Peronospora tabacina: fungus causing a serious disease in tobacco plants characterized by bluish-grey mildew on undersides of leaves


onion mildew: fungus causing a downy mildew on onions


Peronospora destructor: fungus causing a downy mildew on onions


tobacco mildew: fungus causing a downy mildew on growing tobacco


Peronospora hyoscyami: fungus causing a downy mildew on growing tobacco


Albuginaceae: fungi that produce white sori resembling blisters on certain flowering plants


family Albuginaceae: fungi that produce white sori resembling blisters on certain flowering plants


Albugo: type genus of the Albuginaceae; fungi causing white rusts


genus Albugo: type genus of the Albuginaceae; fungi causing white rusts


white rust: fungus causing a disease characterized by a white powdery mass of conidia


Pythiaceae: fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores


family Pythiaceae: fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores


genus Pythium: destructive root-parasitic fungi


pythium: any fungus of the genus Pythium


damping off fungus: fungus causing damping off disease in seedlings


Pythium debaryanum: fungus causing damping off disease in seedlings


Phytophthora: destructive parasitic fungi causing brown rot in plants


genus Phytophthora: destructive parasitic fungi causing brown rot in plants


Phytophthora citrophthora: causes brown rot gummosis in citrus fruits


Phytophthora infestans: fungus causing late blight in solanaceous plants especially tomatoes and potatoes


Plasmodiophoraceae: family of fungi often causing hypertrophy in seed plants


family Plasmodiophoraceae: family of fungi often causing hypertrophy in seed plants


Plasmodiophora: type genus of Plasmodiophoraceae comprising minute plant parasitic fungi similar to and sometimes included among the slime molds


genus Plasmodiophora: type genus of Plasmodiophoraceae comprising minute plant parasitic fungi similar to and sometimes included among the slime molds


clubroot fungus: a fungus resembling slime mold that causes swellings or distortions of the roots of cabbages and related plants


Plasmodiophora brassicae: a fungus resembling slime mold that causes swellings or distortions of the roots of cabbages and related plants


Geglossaceae: a type of ascomycetous fungus


Sarcosomataceae: a type of ascomycetous fungus


black felt cup: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae


Rufous rubber cup: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae


charred pancake cup: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae


devil's cigar: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae


devil's urn: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae


winter urn: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae


Tuberales: small order of fungi belonging to the subdivision Ascomycota having closed underground ascocarps


order Tuberales: small order of fungi belonging to the subdivision Ascomycota having closed underground ascocarps


Tuberaceae: family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple


family Tuberaceae: family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple


Tuber: type genus of the Tuberaceae: fungi whose fruiting bodies are typically truffles


genus Tuber: type genus of the Tuberaceae: fungi whose fruiting bodies are typically truffles


truffle: any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe


earthnut: any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe


earth-ball: any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe


Clavariaceae: fleshy fungi: coral fungi


family Clavariaceae: fleshy fungi: coral fungi


club fungus: a club-shaped coral fungus


coral fungus: any of numerous fungi of the family Clavariaceae often brightly colored that grow in often intricately branched clusters like coral


Hydnaceae: tooth fungi


family Hydnaceae: tooth fungi


tooth fungus: a fungus of the family Hydnaceae


Hydnum: type genus of Hydnaceae


genus Hydnum: type genus of Hydnaceae


Lichenes: comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with algae and fungi


division Lichenes: comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with algae and fungi


Lichenales: category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes


order Lichenales: category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes


lichen: any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc.


ascolichen: a lichen in which the fungus component is an ascomycete


basidiolichen: a lichen in which the fungus component is a basidiomycete


Lechanorales: category used in some classification systems for all lichens that produce apothecia


order Lechanorales: category used in some classification systems for all lichens that produce apothecia


Lecanoraceae: a fungus family of the division Lichenes


family Lecanoraceae: a fungus family of the division Lichenes


genus Lecanora: type genus of Lecanoraceae; crustaceous lichens


lecanora: any lichen of the genus Lecanora; some used in dyeing; some used for food


manna lichen: any of several Old World partially crustaceous or shrubby lecanoras that roll up and are blown about over African and Arabian deserts and used as food by people and animals


archil: any of various lecanoras that yield the dye archil


orchil: any of various lecanoras that yield the dye archil


Roccellaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes


family Roccellaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes


genus Roccella: chiefly fruticose maritime rock-inhabiting lichens


roccella: a source of the dye archil and of litmus


Roccella tinctoria: a source of the dye archil and of litmus


Pertusariaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes


family Pertusariaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes


Pertusaria: crustose lichens that are a source of the dye archil and of litmus


genus Pertusaria: crustose lichens that are a source of the dye archil and of litmus


Usneaceae: fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea, Evernia, Ramalina, Alectoria


family Usneaceae: fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea, Evernia, Ramalina, Alectoria


Usnea: widely distributed lichens usually having a greyish or yellow pendulous freely branched thallus


genus Usnea: widely distributed lichens usually having a greyish or yellow pendulous freely branched thallus


beard lichen: greenish grey pendulous lichen growing on trees


beard moss: greenish grey pendulous lichen growing on trees


Usnea barbata: greenish grey pendulous lichen growing on trees


Evernia: lichens of the family Usneaceae having a pendulous or shrubby thallus


genus Evernia: lichens of the family Usneaceae having a pendulous or shrubby thallus


Ramalina: shrubby lichens of the family Usneaceae having a flattened thallus


genus Ramalina: shrubby lichens of the family Usneaceae having a flattened thallus


Alectoria: lichens having dark brown erect or pendulous much-branched cylindrical thallus


genus Alectoria: lichens having dark brown erect or pendulous much-branched cylindrical thallus


horsehair lichen: any of several lichens of the genus Alectoria having a thallus consisting of filaments resembling hair


horsetail lichen: any of several lichens of the genus Alectoria having a thallus consisting of filaments resembling hair


Cladoniaceae: a family of lichens


family Cladoniaceae: a family of lichens


Cladonia: type genus of Cladoniaceae; lichens characterized by a crustose thallus and capitate fruiting bodies borne on simple or branched podetia


genus Cladonia: type genus of Cladoniaceae; lichens characterized by a crustose thallus and capitate fruiting bodies borne on simple or branched podetia


reindeer moss: an erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans


reindeer lichen: an erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans


arctic moss: an erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans


Cladonia rangiferina: an erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans


Parmeliaceae: a family of lichens


family Parmeliaceae: a family of lichens


Parmelia: type genus of the Parmeliaceae; a large genus of chiefly alpine foliaceous lichens


genus Parmelia: type genus of the Parmeliaceae; a large genus of chiefly alpine foliaceous lichens


crottle: any of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made


crottal: any of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made


crotal: any of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made


Cetraria: foliose lichens chiefly of northern latitudes


genus Cetraria: foliose lichens chiefly of northern latitudes


Iceland moss: lichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and Arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol


Iceland lichen: lichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and Arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol


Cetraria islandica: lichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and Arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol


Fungi: the taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants


kingdom Fungi: the taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants


fungus kingdom: the taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants


fungus: an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia


basidium: a small club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the ends of minute projections; unique to basidiomycetes


hypobasidium: special cell constituting the base of the basidium in various fungi especially of the order Tremellales


promycelium: the basidium of various fungi


Eumycota: true fungi; eukaryotic heterotrophic walled organisms; distinguished from Myxomycota (funguslike slime molds): comprises subdivisions Mastigomycotina; Zygomycotina; Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina; Deuteromycotina (imperfect fungi)


division Eumycota: true fungi; eukaryotic heterotrophic walled organisms; distinguished from Myxomycota (funguslike slime molds): comprises subdivisions Mastigomycotina; Zygomycotina; Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina; Deuteromycotina (imperfect fungi)


Eumycetes: category used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota


class Eumycetes: category used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota


true fungus: any of numerous fungi of the division Eumycota


Deuteromycota: large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known


subdivision Deuteromycota: large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known


Deuteromycotina: large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known


Fungi imperfecti: large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known


subdivision Deuteromycotina: large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known


Deuteromycetes: form class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota


class Deuteromycetes: form class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota


Basidiomycota: comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium; includes Gasteromycetes (puffballs) and Tiliomycetes comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) and Hymenomycetes (mushrooms, toadstools, agarics and bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi


subdivision Basidiomycota: comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium; includes Gasteromycetes (puffballs) and Tiliomycetes comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) and Hymenomycetes (mushrooms, toadstools, agarics and bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi


Basidiomycotina: comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium; includes Gasteromycetes (puffballs) and Tiliomycetes comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) and Hymenomycetes (mushrooms, toadstools, agarics and bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi


subdivision Basidiomycotina: comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium; includes Gasteromycetes (puffballs) and Tiliomycetes comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) and Hymenomycetes (mushrooms, toadstools, agarics and bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi


Basidiomycetes: large class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota


class Basidiomycetes: large class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota


Homobasidiomycetes: category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes


subclass Homobasidiomycetes: category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes


Heterobasidiomycetes: category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts


subclass Heterobasidiomycetes: category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts


basidiomycete: any of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota


basidiomycetous fungi: any of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota


mushroom: any of various fleshy fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota consisting of a cap at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium


Hymenomycetes: used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi


class Hymenomycetes: used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi


Agaricales: typical gilled mushrooms belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota


order Agaricales: typical gilled mushrooms belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota


agaric: a saprophytic fungus of the order Agaricales having an umbrellalike cap with gills on the underside


Agaricaceae: large family including many familiar mushrooms


family Agaricaceae: large family including many familiar mushrooms


Agaricus: type genus of Agaricaceae; gill fungi having brown spores and including several edible species


genus Agaricus: type genus of Agaricaceae; gill fungi having brown spores and including several edible species


mushroom: mushrooms and related fleshy fungi (including toadstools, puffballs, morels, coral fungi, etc.)


mushroom: common name for an edible agaric (contrasting with the inedible toadstool)


toadstool: common name for an inedible or poisonous agaric (contrasting with the edible mushroom)


horse mushroom: coarse edible mushroom with a hollow stem and a broad white cap


Agaricus arvensis: coarse edible mushroom with a hollow stem and a broad white cap


meadow mushroom: common edible mushroom found naturally in moist open soil; the cultivated mushroom of commerce


field mushroom: common edible mushroom found naturally in moist open soil; the cultivated mushroom of commerce


Agaricus campestris: common edible mushroom found naturally in moist open soil; the cultivated mushroom of commerce


Lentinus: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae


genus Lentinus: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae


shiitake: edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe


shiitake mushroom: edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe


Chinese black mushroom: edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe


golden oak mushroom: edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe


Oriental black mushroom: edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe


Lentinus edodes: edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe


scaly lentinus: a fungus with a scaly cap and white flesh and a ring on the stalk (with scales below the ring); odor reminiscent of licorice


Lentinus lepideus: a fungus with a scaly cap and white flesh and a ring on the stalk (with scales below the ring); odor reminiscent of licorice


Amanita: genus of widely distributed agarics that have white spores and are poisonous with few exceptions


genus Amanita: genus of widely distributed agarics that have white spores and are poisonous with few exceptions


royal agaric: widely distributed edible mushroom resembling the fly agaric


Caesar's agaric: widely distributed edible mushroom resembling the fly agaric


Amanita caesarea: widely distributed edible mushroom resembling the fly agaric


false deathcap: agaric often confused with the death cup


Amanita mappa: agaric often confused with the death cup


fly agaric: poisonous (but rarely fatal) woodland fungus having a scarlet cap with white warts and white gills


Amanita muscaria: poisonous (but rarely fatal) woodland fungus having a scarlet cap with white warts and white gills


death cap: extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills


death cup: extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills


death angel: extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills


destroying angel: extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills


Amanita phalloides: extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills


blushing mushroom: yellowish edible agaric that usually turns red when touched


blusher: yellowish edible agaric that usually turns red when touched


Amanita rubescens: yellowish edible agaric that usually turns red when touched


destroying angel: fungus similar to Amanita phalloides


Amanita verna: fungus similar to Amanita phalloides


slime mushroom: a mushroom of the genus Amanita


white slime mushroom: a type of slime mushroom


Fischer's slime mushroom: a type of slime mushroom


Cantharellus: a well-known genus of fungus; has funnel-shaped fruiting body; includes the chanterelles


genus Cantharellus: a well-known genus of fungus; has funnel-shaped fruiting body; includes the chanterelles


chanterelle: widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma


chantarelle: widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma


Cantharellus cibarius: widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma


floccose chanterelle: a mildly poisonous fungus with a fruiting body shaped like a hollow trumpet


Cantharellus floccosus: a mildly poisonous fungus with a fruiting body shaped like a hollow trumpet


pig's ears: an edible agaric with a brown fruiting body that is often compound


Cantharellus clavatus: an edible agaric with a brown fruiting body that is often compound


cinnabar chanterelle: mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body


Cantharellus cinnabarinus: mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body


Omphalotus: a genus of fungi with a depressed disc in the cap


genus Omphalotus: a genus of fungi with a depressed disc in the cap


jack-o-lantern fungus: a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks; the gills are luminescent


jack-o-lantern: a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks; the gills are luminescent


jack-a-lantern: a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks; the gills are luminescent


Omphalotus illudens: a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks; the gills are luminescent


Coprinus: genus of black-spotted agarics in which the cap breaks down at maturity into an inky fluid; sometimes placed in its own family Coprinaceae


genus Coprinus: genus of black-spotted agarics in which the cap breaks down at maturity into an inky fluid; sometimes placed in its own family Coprinaceae


Coprinaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Coprinus


family Coprinaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Coprinus


inky cap: having a cap that melts into an inky fluid after spores have matured


inky-cap mushroom: having a cap that melts into an inky fluid after spores have matured


Coprinus atramentarius: having a cap that melts into an inky fluid after spores have matured


shaggymane: common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores


shaggy cap: common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores


shaggymane mushroom: common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores


Coprinus comatus: common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores


Lactarius: large genus of agarics that have white spore and contain a white or milky juice when cut or broken; includes both edible and poisonous species


genus Lactarius: large genus of agarics that have white spore and contain a white or milky juice when cut or broken; includes both edible and poisonous species


milkcap: edible mushroom


Lactarius delicioso: edible mushroom


Marasmius: chiefly small mushrooms with white spores


genus Marasmius: chiefly small mushrooms with white spores


fairy-ring mushroom: mushroom that grows in a fairy ring


Marasmius oreades: mushroom that grows in a fairy ring


fairy ring: a ring of fungi marking the periphery of the perennial underground growth of the mycelium


fairy circle: a ring of fungi marking the periphery of the perennial underground growth of the mycelium


Pleurotus: agarics with white spores and caps having an eccentric stem; an important mushroom of Japan


genus Pleurotus: agarics with white spores and caps having an eccentric stem; an important mushroom of Japan


oyster mushroom: edible agaric with a soft greyish cap growing in shelving masses on dead wood


oyster fungus: edible agaric with a soft greyish cap growing in shelving masses on dead wood


oyster agaric: edible agaric with a soft greyish cap growing in shelving masses on dead wood


Pleurotus ostreatus: edible agaric with a soft greyish cap growing in shelving masses on dead wood


olive-tree agaric: red luminescent mushroom of Europe


Pleurotus phosphoreus: red luminescent mushroom of Europe


Pholiota: genus of gilled agarics of Europe and North America having brown spores and an annulus; grows on open ground or decaying wood


genus Pholiota: genus of gilled agarics of Europe and North America having brown spores and an annulus; grows on open ground or decaying wood


Pholiota astragalina: a fungus with a smooth orange cap and yellow gills and pale yellow stalk


Pholiota aurea: a beautiful yellow gilled fungus found from Alaska south along the coast


golden pholiota: a beautiful yellow gilled fungus found from Alaska south along the coast


Pholiota destruens: a large fungus with whitish scales on the cap and remnants of the veil hanging from the cap; the stalk is thick and hard


Pholiota flammans: a fungus with a yellow cap covered with fine scales as is the stalk


Pholiota flavida: a fungus that grows in clusters on the ground; cap is brownish orange with a surface that is smooth and slightly sticky; whitish gills and a cylindrical brown stalk


nameko: one of the most important fungi cultivated in Japan


viscid mushroom: one of the most important fungi cultivated in Japan


Pholiota nameko: one of the most important fungi cultivated in Japan


Pholiota squarrosa-adiposa: a gilled fungus having yellow slimy caps with conspicuous tawny scales on the caps and stalks


Pholiota squarrosa: a gilled fungus with a cap and stalk that are conspicuously scaly with upright scales; gills develop a greenish tinge with age


scaly pholiota: a gilled fungus with a cap and stalk that are conspicuously scaly with upright scales; gills develop a greenish tinge with age


Pholiota squarrosoides: a pale buff fungus with tawny scales


Russula: large genus of fungi with stout stems and white spores and neither annulus nor volva; brittle caps of red or purple or yellow or green or blue; differs from genus Lactarius in lacking milky juice


genus Russula: large genus of fungi with stout stems and white spores and neither annulus nor volva; brittle caps of red or purple or yellow or green or blue; differs from genus Lactarius in lacking milky juice


Russulaceae: used in some classification systems for the genus Russula


family Russulaceae: used in some classification systems for the genus Russula


Strophariaceae: sometimes included in family Agaricaceae


family Strophariaceae: sometimes included in family Agaricaceae


Stropharia: genus of gill fungi with brown spores that is closely related to Agaricus; here placed in its own family Strophariaceae


genus Stropharia: genus of gill fungi with brown spores that is closely related to Agaricus; here placed in its own family Strophariaceae


ring-stalked fungus: genus of gill fungi with brown spores that is closely related to Agaricus; here placed in its own family Strophariaceae


Stropharia ambigua: a gilled fungus with a long stalk and a yellow slimy cap from which fragments of the broken veil hang; gills are initially white but become dark brown as spores are released


Stropharia hornemannii: a gilled fungus with a large slimy purple or olive cap; gills become purple with age; the stalk is long and richly decorated with pieces of the white sheath that extends up to a ring


Stropharia rugoso-annulata: a large gilled fungus with a broad cap and a long stalk; the cap is dark brown; the white gills turn dark purplish brown with age; edible and choice


galea: an organ shaped like a helmet; usually a vaulted and enlarged petal as in Aconitum


gill fungus: a basidiomycete with gills


gill: any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus


lamella: any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus


Entolomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales


family Entolomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales


Entoloma: agarics with pink spores but lacking both volva and annulus (includes some that are poisonous)


genus Entoloma: agarics with pink spores but lacking both volva and annulus (includes some that are poisonous)


Entoloma lividum: a deadly poisonous agaric; a large cap that is first white (livid or lead-colored) and then turns yellowish or tan


Entoloma sinuatum: a deadly poisonous agaric; a large cap that is first white (livid or lead-colored) and then turns yellowish or tan


Entoloma aprile: an agaric with a dark brown conical cap; fruits in early spring


Lepiotaceae: a family of fungi having free gills and a cap that is cleanly separable from the stalk


family Lepiotaceae: a family of fungi having free gills and a cap that is cleanly separable from the stalk


genus Chlorophyllum: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Lepiotaceae


Chlorophyllum molybdites: a poisonous agaric with a fibrillose cap and brown scales on a white ground color; cap can reach a diameter of 30 cm; often forms `fairy rings'


genus Lepiota: agarics with white spores that includes several edible and poisonous mushrooms: parasol mushrooms


lepiota: any fungus of the genus Lepiota


parasol mushroom: edible long-stalked mushroom with white flesh and gills and spores; found in open woodlands in autumn


Lepiota procera: edible long-stalked mushroom with white flesh and gills and spores; found in open woodlands in autumn


poisonous parasol: an agaric regarded as poisonous


Lepiota morgani: an agaric regarded as poisonous


Lepiota naucina: an agaric with greyish white fruiting body and gills that change from pink to dingy red


Lepiota rhacodes: an agaric with a large cap with brown scales and a thick stalk


American parasol: an agaric with a pallid cap and a stalk that is enlarged near the base


Lepiota americana: an agaric with a pallid cap and a stalk that is enlarged near the base


Lepiota rubrotincta: an agaric with a relatively small pink to red cap and white gills and stalk


Lepiota clypeolaria: an agaric with a ragged stalk and a soft floccose cap


onion stem: a white agaric that tends to cluster and has a club-shaped base


Lepiota cepaestipes: a white agaric that tends to cluster and has a club-shaped base


Thelephoraceae: fungi having leathery or membranous sporophores


family Thelephoraceae: fungi having leathery or membranous sporophores


Corticium: genus of fungi having simple smooth sporophores; some are parasitic on wood or economic crops; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia


genus Corticium: genus of fungi having simple smooth sporophores; some are parasitic on wood or economic crops; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia


pink disease fungus: fungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc


Corticium salmonicolor: fungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc


bottom rot fungus: fungus causing bottom rot in lettuce


Corticium solani: fungus causing bottom rot in lettuce


Pellicularia: genus of fungi having the hymenium in the form of a crust; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia


genus Pellicularia: genus of fungi having the hymenium in the form of a crust; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia


potato fungus: fungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers


Pellicularia filamentosa: fungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers


Rhizoctinia solani: fungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers


coffee fungus: fungus causing a disease in coffee and some other tropical plants


Pellicularia koleroga: fungus causing a disease in coffee and some other tropical plants


Tricholomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales


family Tricholomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales


Tricholoma: agarics with white spores and a fleshy stalk and notched gills; of various colors both edible and inedible


genus Tricholoma: agarics with white spores and a fleshy stalk and notched gills; of various colors both edible and inedible


blewits: edible agaric that is pale lilac when young; has a smooth moist cap


Clitocybe nuda: edible agaric that is pale lilac when young; has a smooth moist cap


sandy mushroom: an edible agaric that fruits in great clusters (especially in sandy soil under cottonwood trees)


Tricholoma populinum: an edible agaric that fruits in great clusters (especially in sandy soil under cottonwood trees)


Tricholoma pessundatum: a mildly poisonous agaric with a viscid reddish brown cap and white gills and stalk


Tricholoma sejunctum: an agaric with a cap that is coated with dark fibrils in the center and has yellowish margins


man-on-a-horse: an edible agaric with yellow gills and a viscid yellow cap that has a brownish center


Tricholoma flavovirens: an edible agaric with yellow gills and a viscid yellow cap that has a brownish center


Tricholoma venenata: a poisonous white agaric


Tricholoma pardinum: a poisonous agaric having a pale cap with fine grey fibrils


Tricholoma vaccinum: an agaric with a cap that is densely covered with reddish fibrils and pale gills and stalk


Tricholoma aurantium: an orange tan agaric whose gills become brown by maturity; has a strong odor and taste


Volvariaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales


family Volvariaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales


Volvaria: agarics having pink spores and a distinct volva


genus Volvaria: agarics having pink spores and a distinct volva


Volvaria bombycina: a parasite on various trees


Pluteaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales


family Pluteaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales


Pluteus: a large genus of fungi belonging to the family Pluteaceae; the shape of the cap resembles a roof; often abundant early in the summer


genus Pluteus: a large genus of fungi belonging to the family Pluteaceae; the shape of the cap resembles a roof; often abundant early in the summer


roof mushroom: a large genus of fungi belonging to the family Pluteaceae; the shape of the cap resembles a roof; often abundant early in the summer


Pluteus aurantiorugosus: an agaric with a brilliant scarlet cap and a slender stalk


Pluteus magnus: an edible agaric found in piles of hardwood sawdust; the caps are black and coarsely wrinkled


sawdust mushroom: an edible agaric found in piles of hardwood sawdust; the caps are black and coarsely wrinkled


deer mushroom: a small edible agaric with a slender stalk; usually found on rotting hardwoods


Pluteus cervinus: a small edible agaric with a slender stalk; usually found on rotting hardwoods


Volvariella: an important genus of mushrooms in the Orient


genus Volvariella: an important genus of mushrooms in the Orient


straw mushroom: small tropical and subtropical edible mushroom having a white cap and long stem; an expensive delicacy in China and other Asian countries where it is grown commercially


Chinese mushroom: small tropical and subtropical edible mushroom having a white cap and long stem; an expensive delicacy in China and other Asian countries where it is grown commercially


Volvariella volvacea: small tropical and subtropical edible mushroom having a white cap and long stem; an expensive delicacy in China and other Asian countries where it is grown commercially


Volvariella bombycina: a mushroom with a dry yellowish to white fibrillose cap


Clitocybe: a genus of agarics with white to pale yellow spore deposits and fleshy stalks centrally attached to the cap and closely attached gills


genus Clitocybe: a genus of agarics with white to pale yellow spore deposits and fleshy stalks centrally attached to the cap and closely attached gills


Clitocybe clavipes: an agaric with a flat cap that is greyish or yellowish brown with pallid gills and a stalk that bulges toward the base


Clitocybe dealbata: a small poisonous agaric; has a dry white cap with crowded gills and a short stalk


Clitocybe inornata: a fungus with a cap that is creamy grey when young and turns brown with age and a whitish stalk that stains yellow when handled


Clitocybe robusta: a large white agaric; edible but not palatable


Clytocybe alba: a large white agaric; edible but not palatable


Clitocybe irina: an edible agaric with large silky white caps and thick stalks


Tricholoma irinum: an edible agaric with large silky white caps and thick stalks


Lepista irina: an edible agaric with large silky white caps and thick stalks


Clitocybe subconnexa: an edible white agaric that fruits in dense clusters; the gills are narrow and crowded and the stalk is fleshy and unpolished


Flammulina: a genus of agarics


genus Flammulina: a genus of agarics


winter mushroom: an edible agaric that is available in early spring or late fall when few other mushrooms are; has a viscid smooth orange to brown cap and a velvety stalk that turns black in maturity and pallid gills; often occur in clusters


Flammulina velutipes: an edible agaric that is available in early spring or late fall when few other mushrooms are; has a viscid smooth orange to brown cap and a velvety stalk that turns black in maturity and pallid gills; often occur in clusters


hypha: any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus


mycelium: the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae


sclerotium: compact usually dark-colored mass of hardened mycelium constituting a vegetative food-storage body in various true fungi; detaches when mature and can give rise to new growth


sac fungus: any of various ascomycetous fungi in which the spores are formed in a sac or ascus


Ascomycota: a large subdivision of Eumycota including Hemiascomycetes and Plectomycetes and Pyrenomycetes and Discomycetes; sac fungi; in some classification systems considered a division of the kingdom Fungi