acceptor RNA: RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)


soluble RNA: RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)


deoxyribose: a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids


dental gold: an alloy of gold used in dentistry


depilatory: a chemical (usually a sulfide) used to remove hair or wool or bristles from hides


derivative: a compound obtained from, or regarded as derived from, another compound


desert soil: a type of soil that develops in arid climates


desertic soil: a type of soil that develops in arid climates


dew: water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight from water vapor in the air


dextrin: any of various polysaccharides obtained by hydrolysis of starch; a tasteless and odorless gummy substance that is used as a thickening agent and in adhesives and in dietary supplements


diamond: very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem


adamant: very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem


digestive: any substance that promotes digestion


mono-iodotyrosine: tyrosine with one iodine atom added


di-iodotyrosine: tyrosine with two iodine atoms added


iodotyrosine: tyrosine with iodine added


iodothyronine: thyronine with iodine added


tri-iodothyronine: thyronine with three iodine atoms added


dilutant: a diluting agent


diluent: a diluting agent


thinner: a diluting agent


dilution: a diluted solution


dimer: a compound whose molecules are composed of two identical monomers


dimethylglyoxime: a compound used in analysis as a precipitant for palladium or nickel


dimpled chad: a chad that has been punched or dimpled but all four corners are still attached


pregnant chad: a chad that has been punched or dimpled but all four corners are still attached


dimple: a chad that has been punched or dimpled but all four corners are still attached


diol: any of a class of alcohols having 2 hydroxyl groups in each molecule


glycol: any of a class of alcohols having 2 hydroxyl groups in each molecule


dihydric alcohol: any of a class of alcohols having 2 hydroxyl groups in each molecule


dioxide: an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule


dioxin: any of several toxic or carcinogenic hydrocarbons that occur as impurities in herbicides


disaccharidase: an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides


disaccharide: any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis


dishwater: water in which dishes and cooking utensils are washed


distillate: a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; the product of distilling


distillation: a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; the product of distilling


distilled water: water that has been purified by distillation


exhaust: gases ejected from an engine as waste products


exhaust fumes: gases ejected from an engine as waste products


fumes: gases ejected from an engine as waste products


dressed ore: the desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore


concentrate: the desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore


driftwood: wood that is floating or that has been washed ashore


drill steel: carbon steel used for rock drills and dowels


drill rod: carbon steel used for rock drills and dowels


docosahexaenoic acid: an omega-3 fatty acid with 22 carbon atoms; found in fish (especially tuna and bluefish)


dolomite: a kind of sedimentary rock resembling marble or limestone but rich in magnesium carbonate


dopamine: a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as a drug (trade names Dopastat and Intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotension


Dopastat: a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as a drug (trade names Dopastat and Intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotension


Intropin: a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as a drug (trade names Dopastat and Intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotension


dottle: the residue of partially burnt tobacco left caked in the bowl of a pipe after smoking


dragon's blood: a dark red resinous substance derived from various trees and used in photoengraving


drawing paper: paper that is specially prepared for use in drafting


drilling mud: a mixture of clays and chemicals and water; pumped down the drill pipe to lubricate and cool the drilling bit and to flush out the cuttings and to strengthen the sides of the hole


drilling fluid: a mixture of clays and chemicals and water; pumped down the drill pipe to lubricate and cool the drilling bit and to flush out the cuttings and to strengthen the sides of the hole


dubbin: tallow mixed with oil; used to make leather soft and waterproof


Duralumin: an aluminum-based alloy


particulate: a small discrete mass of solid or liquid matter that remains individually dispersed in gas or liquid emissions (usually considered to be an atmospheric pollutant)


particulate matter: a small discrete mass of solid or liquid matter that remains individually dispersed in gas or liquid emissions (usually considered to be an atmospheric pollutant)


chalk dust: dust resulting from writing with a piece of chalk


dust: fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air


dust: free microscopic particles of solid material


elaidic acid: a monounsaturated fatty acid that has the same structure as oleic acid except that it is a trans fatty acid; the major trans fatty acid in margarine and fried foods


elastomer: any of various elastic materials that resemble rubber (resumes its original shape when a deforming force is removed)


element: one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe


elixir: a sweet flavored liquid (usually containing a small amount of alcohol) used in compounding medicines to be taken by mouth in order to mask an unpleasant taste


air: a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of


breath: the air that is inhaled and exhaled in respiration


hot air: air that has been heated and tends to rise


halitosis: offensive breath


halitus: exhaled breath


exhalation: exhaled breath


compressed gas: gas at a high pressure that can be used as a propellant


compressed air: air at a pressure greater than that of the atmosphere


air cushion: the trapped air that supports a hovercraft a short distance above the water or ground


air: once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)


fire: once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)


earth: the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface


ground: the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface


diatomaceous earth: a light soil consisting of siliceous diatom remains and often used as a filtering material


diatomite: a light soil consisting of siliceous diatom remains and often used as a filtering material


kieselguhr: a light soil consisting of siliceous diatom remains and often used as a filtering material


sienna: an earth color containing ferric oxides; used as a pigment


bister: a water-soluble brownish-yellow pigment made by boiling wood soot


bistre: a water-soluble brownish-yellow pigment made by boiling wood soot


burnt sienna: a reddish-brown pigment produced by roasting sienna


raw sienna: a yellowish-brown pigment made from untreated sienna


ocher: any of various earths containing silica and alumina and ferric oxide; used as a pigment


ochre: any of various earths containing silica and alumina and ferric oxide; used as a pigment


sinopis: a red ocher formerly used as a pigment


sinopia: a red ocher formerly used as a pigment


sinoper: a red ocher formerly used as a pigment


yellow ocher: pigment consisting of a limonite mixed with clay and silica


yellow ochre: pigment consisting of a limonite mixed with clay and silica


earth: once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)


saprolite: a deposit of clay and disintegrating rock that is found in its original place


soil: the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock


dirt: the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock


soil conditioner: a chemical substance used to improve the structure of the soil and increase its porosity


caliche: crust or layer of hard subsoil encrusted with calcium-carbonate occurring in arid or semiarid regions


hardpan: crust or layer of hard subsoil encrusted with calcium-carbonate occurring in arid or semiarid regions


water: binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent


H2O: binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent


holy water: water that has been blessed by a priest for use in symbolic purification


musk: an odorous glandular secretion from the male musk deer; used as a perfume fixative


nectar: a sweet liquid secretion that is attractive to pollinators


pheromone: a chemical substance secreted externally by some animals (especially insects) that influences the physiology or behavior of other animals of the same species


quintessence: the fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies


ether: the fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies


water: once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)


ground water: underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks


spring water: underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks


well water: underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks


eicosapentaenoic acid: an omega-3 fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms; found in fish (especially tuna and bluefish)


eleostearic acid: a crystalline unsaturated fatty acid


elaeostearic acid: a crystalline unsaturated fatty acid


electrolyte: a solution that conducts electricity


eluate: a liquid solution that results from elution


Fehling's solution: a liquid solution of copper sulfate and potassium tartrate and sodium hydroxide that is used to test for sugar in the urine; solution turns reddish when sugar is present


formalin: a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens


formol: a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens


gargle: a medicated solution used for gargling and rinsing the mouth


mouthwash: a medicated solution used for gargling and rinsing the mouth


infusion: a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)


extract: a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)


pancreatin: extract from the pancreas of animals that contains pancreatic enzymes; used to treat pancreatitis and other conditions involving insufficient pancreatic secretions


injection: any solution that is injected (as into the skin)


injectant: any solution that is injected (as into the skin)


isotonic solution: a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood


isosmotic solution: a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood


elastase: a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin


emerald: a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone


emery cloth: cloth covered with powdered emery


emery paper: stiff paper coated with powdered emery or sand


sandpaper: stiff paper coated with powdered emery or sand


emery stone: a mixture of emery dust and a binder; can be molded into grindstones


emery rock: a mixture of emery dust and a binder; can be molded into grindstones


enterokinase: enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin


erythropoietin: a glycoprotein secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells


ester: formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water


ethane: a colorless odorless alkane gas used as fuel


C2H6: a colorless odorless alkane gas used as fuel


ethyl acetate: a fragrant colorless flammable volatile liquid ester made from ethanol and acetic acid; used in flavorings and perfumes and as a solvent for plastics


ethylene: a flammable colorless gaseous alkene; obtained from petroleum and natural gas and used in manufacturing many other chemicals; sometimes used as an anesthetic


ethene: a flammable colorless gaseous alkene; obtained from petroleum and natural gas and used in manufacturing many other chemicals; sometimes used as an anesthetic


trichloroethylene: a heavy colorless highly toxic liquid used as a solvent to clean electronic components and for dry cleaning and as a fumigant; causes cancer and liver and lung damage


trichloroethane: a heavy colorless highly toxic liquid used as a solvent to clean electronic components and for dry cleaning and as a fumigant; causes cancer and liver and lung damage


TCE: a heavy colorless highly toxic liquid used as a solvent to clean electronic components and for dry cleaning and as a fumigant; causes cancer and liver and lung damage


ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid: a complex molecule used medically to chelate metal ions in cases of lead or heavy metal poisoning


EDTA: a complex molecule used medically to chelate metal ions in cases of lead or heavy metal poisoning


ethylene glycol: a sweet but poisonous syrupy liquid used as an antifreeze and solvent


glycol: a sweet but poisonous syrupy liquid used as an antifreeze and solvent


ethanediol: a sweet but poisonous syrupy liquid used as an antifreeze and solvent


propylene glycol: a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid and also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects


propanediol: a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid and also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects


euphorbium: an acrid brown gum resin now used mainly in veterinary medicine


gum eurphorbium: an acrid brown gum resin now used mainly in veterinary medicine


discharge: a substance that is emitted or released


emission: a substance that is emitted or released


emmenagogue: any agent that promotes menstrual discharge


eutectoid steel: a steel that contains 0.9% carbon (the eutectic point); a carbon steel with 0.9% carbon is pure pearlite


exudate: a substance that oozes out from plant pores


exudation: a substance that oozes out from plant pores


transudate: a substance that transudes


transudation: a substance that transudes


high explosive: a powerful chemical explosive that produces gas at a very high rate


low explosive: an explosive with a low rate of combustion


effluvium: a foul-smelling outflow or vapor (especially a gaseous waste)


rheum: a watery discharge from the mucous membranes (especially from the eyes or nose)


vaginal discharge: discharge of secretions from the cervical glands of the vagina; normally clear or white


body waste: waste matter (as urine or sweat but especially feces) discharged from the body


excretion: waste matter (as urine or sweat but especially feces) discharged from the body


excreta: waste matter (as urine or sweat but especially feces) discharged from the body


excrement: waste matter (as urine or sweat but especially feces) discharged from the body


excretory product: waste matter (as urine or sweat but especially feces) discharged from the body


fecal matter: solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels


faecal matter: solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels


feces: solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels


faeces: solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels


BM: solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels


stool: solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels


ordure: solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels


dejection: solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels


crap: obscene terms for feces


dirt: obscene terms for feces


shit: obscene terms for feces


shite: obscene terms for feces


poop: obscene terms for feces


turd: obscene terms for feces


pigeon droppings: droppings of pigeons


droppings: fecal matter of animals


dung: fecal matter of animals


muck: fecal matter of animals


cow pie: fecal matter of a cow


cowpie: fecal matter of a cow


meconium: thick dark green mucoid material that is the first feces of a newborn child


melena: abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding)


melaena: abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding)


fecula: excreta (especially of insects)


wormcast: cylindrical mass of earth voided by a burrowing earthworm or lugworm


human waste: the body wastes of human beings


urine: liquid excretory product


piss: liquid excretory product


pee: liquid excretory product


piddle: liquid excretory product


weewee: liquid excretory product


water: liquid excretory product


vomit: the matter ejected in vomiting


vomitus: the matter ejected in vomiting


puke: the matter ejected in vomiting


barf: the matter ejected in vomiting


detritus: loose material (stone fragments and silt etc) that is worn away from rocks


waste: any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted


waste material: any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted


waste matter: any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted


waste product: any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted


filth: any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant


crud: any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant


skank: any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant


sewage: waste matter carried away in sewers or drains


sewerage: waste matter carried away in sewers or drains


effluent: water mixed with waste matter


wastewater: water mixed with waste matter


sewer water: water mixed with waste matter


garbage: food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)


refuse: food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)


food waste: food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)


scraps: food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)


pollutant: waste matter that contaminates the water or air or soil


rubbish: worthless material that is to be disposed of


trash: worthless material that is to be disposed of


scrap: worthless material that is to be disposed of


scrap metal: discarded metal suitable for reprocessing


debris: the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up


dust: the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up


junk: the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up


rubble: the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up


detritus: the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up


slack: dust consisting of a mixture of small coal fragments and coal dust and dirt that sifts out when coal is passed over a sieve


litter: rubbish carelessly dropped or left about (especially in public places)


slop: (usually plural) waste water from a kitchen or bathroom or chamber pot that has to be emptied by hand


toxic waste: poisonous waste materials; can cause injury (especially by chemical means)


toxic industrial waste: poisonous waste materials; can cause injury (especially by chemical means)


extravasation: an extravasated liquid (blood or lymph or urine); the product of extravasation


fallout: the radioactive particles that settle to the ground after a nuclear explosion


radioactive dust: the radioactive particles that settle to the ground after a nuclear explosion


fencing material: material for building fences


fencing: material for building fences


ferrite: a solid solution in which alpha iron is the solvent


fertilizer: any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile


fertiliser: any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile


plant food: any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile


gallamine: neuromuscular blocking agent (trade name Flaxedil) used as a muscle relaxant in the administration of anesthesia


Flaxedil: neuromuscular blocking agent (trade name Flaxedil) used as a muscle relaxant in the administration of anesthesia


organic: a fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter


organic fertilizer: a fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter


organic fertiliser: a fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter


flux: a substance added to molten metals to bond with impurities that can then be readily removed


soldering flux: flux applied to surfaces that are to be joined by soldering; flux cleans the surfaces and results in a better bond


foryml: (chemistry) the negative univalent acyl radical CHO that occurs in aldehydes


sodium nitrate: (NaNO3) used especially as a fertilizer and explosive


soda niter: (NaNO3) used especially as a fertilizer and explosive


pearl ash: an impure form of potassium carbonate


potassium bicarbonate: a crystalline salt (KHCO3) that is used in baking powder and as an antacid


potassium acid carbonate: a crystalline salt (KHCO3) that is used in baking powder and as an antacid


potassium hydrogen carbonate: a crystalline salt (KHCO3) that is used in baking powder and as an antacid


potassium chloride: salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency


potassium muriate: salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency


potash muriate: salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency


K-Dur 20: salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency


Kaochlor: salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency


K-lor: salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency


Klorvess: salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency


K-lyte: salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency


potassium nitrate: (KNO3) used especially as a fertilizer and explosive


saltpeter: (KNO3) used especially as a fertilizer and explosive


saltpetre: (KNO3) used especially as a fertilizer and explosive


niter: (KNO3) used especially as a fertilizer and explosive


nitre: (KNO3) used especially as a fertilizer and explosive


potassium bromide: a white crystalline salt (KBr) used as a sedative and in photography


potassium carbonate: a white salt (K2CO3) that is basic in solution; used to make glass and cleansing agents


potassium chlorate: a white salt (KClO3) used in matches, fireworks, and explosives; also used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent


potassium cyanide: a poisonous salt (KCN) used in electroplating and in photography


potassium dichromate: an orange-red salt used in making dyes and in photography


potassium iodide: a crystalline salt in organic synthesis and in making photographic emulsions and in iodized table salt


producer gas: a gas made of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and nitrogen; made by passing air over hot coke


air gas: a gas made of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and nitrogen; made by passing air over hot coke


proprionamide: the amide of propionic acid (C2H5CONH2)


propanamide: the amide of propionic acid (C2H5CONH2)


propionic acid: a liquid fatty acid found in milk and sweat and in fuel distillates


propanoic acid: a liquid fatty acid found in milk and sweat and in fuel distillates


pudding stone: a composite rock made up of particles of varying size


conglomerate: a composite rock made up of particles of varying size


putrescine: a colorless crystalline ptomaine with a foul odor that is produced in decaying animal matter


pyroligneous acid: a red-brown liquid formed in distillation of wood which contains acetic acid, methanol, acetone, wood oils, and tars


wood vinegar: a red-brown liquid formed in distillation of wood which contains acetic acid, methanol, acetone, wood oils, and tars


manure: any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material


chicken manure: chicken excreta used as fertilizer


cow manure: cow excreta used as fertilizer


green manure: a growing crop that is plowed under to enrich soil


horse manure: horse excreta used as fertilizer


night soil: human excreta used as fertilizer


facial tissue: tissue paper suitable for use on the face


fat: a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides)


cocoa butter: a yellow-white fat from cocoa beans


leaf fat: fat lining the abdomen and kidneys in hogs which is used to make lard


leaf lard: fat lining the abdomen and kidneys in hogs which is used to make lard


feldspar: any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium


felspar: any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium


orthoclase: a white or colored monoclinic feldspar


plagioclase: any of a series of triclinic feldspars that form rocks


oligoclase: any of a series of triclinic feldspars that form rocks


albite: a widely distributed feldspar that forms rocks


white feldspar: a widely distributed feldspar that forms rocks


anorthite: rare plagioclastic feldspar occurring in many igneous rocks


ferric oxide: a red oxide of iron


ferricyanic acid: a brown unstable acid formed from ferricyanide


ferricyanide: salt of ferricyanic acid obtained by oxidation of a ferrocyanide


ferritin: a protein containing 20% iron that is found in the intestines and liver and spleen; it is one of the chief forms in which iron is stored in the body


ferrocerium: a pyrophoric alloy of iron with cerium; used for lighter flints


ferrocyanic acid: a white unstable acid formed from ferrocyanide salts


ferrocyanide: salt of ferrocyanic acid usually obtained by a reaction of a cyanide with iron sulphate


fiberglass: a covering material made of glass fibers in resins


fibreglass: a covering material made of glass fibers in resins


fiber: a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn


fibre: a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn


string: a tough piece of fiber in vegetables, meat, or other food (especially the tough fibers connecting the two halves of a bean pod)


fish meal: ground dried fish used as fertilizer and as feed for domestic livestock


buntal: fine white Philippine fiber from stalks of unopened leaves of talipot palms; used in making hats


fibril: a very slender natural or synthetic fiber


filament: a very slender natural or synthetic fiber


strand: a very slender natural or synthetic fiber


fieldstone: stone that occurs naturally in fields; often used as building material


filling: any material that fills a space or container


fill: any material that fills a space or container


filter paper: a porous unsized paper used for filtering


filtrate: the product of filtration; a gas or liquid that has been passed through a filter


firelighter: (a piece of) a substance that burns easily and can be used to start a coal or coke fire


fire opal: an opal with flaming orange and yellow and red colors


girasol: an opal with flaming orange and yellow and red colors


fish-liver oil: a fatty oil obtained from the livers of various fish


fish oil: a fatty oil obtained from the livers of various fish


fixative: a compound (such as ethanol or formaldehyde) that fixes tissues and cells for microscopic study


fixing agent: a chemical compound that sets or fixes something (as a dye or a photographic image)


fixer: a chemical compound that sets or fixes something (as a dye or a photographic image)


flavone: a colorless crystalline compound that is part of a number of white or yellow plant pigments


flavonoid: any of a large class of plant pigments having a chemical structure based on or similar to flavone


flax: fiber of the flax plant that is made into thread and woven into linen fabric


flyspeck: a tiny dark speck made by the excrement of a fly


cotton: soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state


cotton fiber: soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state


cotton wool: soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state


long-staple cotton: cotton with relatively long fibers


short-staple cotton: cotton with relatively short fibers


chert: variety of silica containing microcrystalline quartz


taconite: a variety of chert containing magnetite and hematite; mined as a low-grade iron ore


firestone: a piece of flint that is struck to light a fire


flavin: a ketone that forms the nucleus of certain natural yellow pigments like riboflavin


flint: a hard kind of stone; a form of silica more opaque than chalcedony


flintstone: pebbles of flint used in masonry construction


flooring: building material used in laying floors


floor wax: a preparation containing wax and used to polish and preserve the finish of floors


fluoride: a salt of hydrofluoric acid


fluoroboric acid: an acid of fluorine and boron


fluoroboride: a salt of fluoroboric acid


fluorocarbon: a halocarbon in which some hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine; used in refrigerators and aerosols


fluorocarbon plastic: a plastic made with fluorocarbon


fluosilicate: salt of fluosilicic acid


fluosilicic acid: an unstable poisonous corrosive acid known primarily in the form of its salts


hydrofluosilicic acid: an unstable poisonous corrosive acid known primarily in the form of its salts


flypaper: paper that is poisoned or coated with a sticky substance to kill flies


foam: a lightweight material in cellular form; made by introducing gas bubbles during manufacture


foam rubber: spongy rubber; made by introducing air bubbles before vulcanization and used for cushioning or upholstery


fomentation: a substance used as a warm moist medicinal compress or poultice


formaldehyde: a colorless poisonous gas; made by the oxidation of methanol


methanal: a colorless poisonous gas; made by the oxidation of methanol


formic acid: a colorless pungent fuming vesicatory liquid acid HCOOH found naturally in ants and many plants or made catalytically from carbon monoxide and steam; used in finishing textiles and paper and in the manufacture of insecticides and fumigants


formulation: a substance prepared according to a formula


preparation: a substance prepared according to a formula


frankincense: an aromatic gum resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; formerly valued for worship and for embalming and fumigation


olibanum: an aromatic gum resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; formerly valued for worship and for embalming and fumigation


gum olibanum: an aromatic gum resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; formerly valued for worship and for embalming and fumigation


thus: an aromatic gum resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; formerly valued for worship and for embalming and fumigation


free radical: an atom or group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron; in the body it is usually an oxygen molecule that has lost an electron and will stabilize itself by stealing an electron from a nearby molecule


radical: an atom or group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron; in the body it is usually an oxygen molecule that has lost an electron and will stabilize itself by stealing an electron from a nearby molecule


freezing mixture: a mixture of substances (usually salt and ice) to obtain a temperature below the freezing point of water


Freon: any one or more chlorofluorocarbons (or related compounds) that are used as an aerosol propellant, organic solvent, or refrigerant


fructose: a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits


fruit sugar: a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits


levulose: a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits


laevulose: a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits


fuel: a substance that can be consumed to produce energy


fuller's earth: an absorbent soil resembling clay; used in fulling (shrinking and thickening) woolen cloth and as an adsorbent


fulvic acid: a yellow to yellow-brown humic substance that is soluble in water under all pH conditions


fumaric acid: a colorless crystalline acid with a fruity taste; used in making polyester resins


fumigant: a chemical substance used in fumigation


furan: a colorless toxic flammable liquid used in the synthesis of nylon


furane: a colorless toxic flammable liquid used in the synthesis of nylon


furfuran: a colorless toxic flammable liquid used in the synthesis of nylon


furfural: a liquid aldehyde with a penetrating odor; made from plant hulls and corncobs; used in making furan and as a solvent


furfuraldehyde: a liquid aldehyde with a penetrating odor; made from plant hulls and corncobs; used in making furan and as a solvent


galactagogue: agent that induces milk secretion


galactose: a simple sugar found in lactose


brain sugar: a simple sugar found in lactose


galbanum: a bitter aromatic gum resin that resembles asafetida


gum albanum: a bitter aromatic gum resin that resembles asafetida


gallic acid: a colorless crystalline acid obtained from tannin


galvanized iron: iron that is coated with zinc to protect it from rust


greenhouse gas: a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation


greenhouse emission: a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation


carbuncle: deep-red cabochon garnet cut without facets


gas: a fluid in the gaseous state having neither independent shape nor volume and being able to expand indefinitely


liquefied petroleum gas: hydrocarbon gases, usually propane or butane, kept under pressure


bottled gas: hydrocarbon gases, usually propane or butane, kept under pressure


water gas: a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with small amounts of other gases; made by blowing steam over hot coke or coal


ghatti: an Indian gum from the dhawa tree; used as a substitute for gum arabic


ghatti gum: an Indian gum from the dhawa tree; used as a substitute for gum arabic


kraft: strong wrapping paper made from pulp processed with a sulfur solution


kraft paper: strong wrapping paper made from pulp processed with a sulfur solution


butcher paper: a strong wrapping paper that resists penetration by blood or meat fluids


gift wrap: attractive wrapping paper suitable for wrapping gifts


gilding metal: a brass that is rich in copper; used to make articles that were to be gilded


gilgai soil: soil in the melon holes of Australia


natural glass: magma of any composition that cooled very rapidly


quartz glass: colorless glass made of almost pure silica


quartz: colorless glass made of almost pure silica


vitreous silica: colorless glass made of almost pure silica


lechatelierite: colorless glass made of almost pure silica


crystal: colorless glass made of almost pure silica


opal glass: a milky white translucent or opaque glass


milk glass: a milky white translucent or opaque glass


optical glass: clear homogeneous glass of known refractive index; used to make lenses


optical crown: optical glass of low dispersion and low refractive index


crown glass: optical glass of low dispersion and low refractive index


optical crown glass: optical glass of low dispersion and low refractive index


optical flint: optical glass of high dispersion and high refractive index


flint glass: optical glass of high dispersion and high refractive index


crown glass: a glass blown into a globe which is later flattened and spun to form a disk


tektite: thought to derive from meteorites


volcanic glass: a kind of natural glass produced when molten lava cools very rapidly


obsidian: acid or granitic glass formed by the rapid cooling of lava without crystallization; usually dark, but transparent in thin pieces


pitchstone: dark acid granitic glass


tachylite: a basic or basalt glass


glass: a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure


soft glass: glass having a relatively low softening point


ground glass: glass that diffuses light due to a rough surface produced by abrasion or etching


ground glass: particulate glass made by grinding and used as an abrasive


lead glass: glass containing lead oxide; has a high refractive index


paste: a hard, brilliant lead glass that is used in making artificial jewelry


safety glass: glass made with plates of plastic or resin or other material between two sheets of glass to prevent shattering


laminated glass: glass made with plates of plastic or resin or other material between two sheets of glass to prevent shattering


shatterproof glass: glass made with plates of plastic or resin or other material between two sheets of glass to prevent shattering


soluble glass: a viscous glass consisting of sodium silicate in solution; used as a cement or as a protective coating and to preserve eggs


water glass: a viscous glass consisting of sodium silicate in solution; used as a cement or as a protective coating and to preserve eggs


sodium silicate: a viscous glass consisting of sodium silicate in solution; used as a cement or as a protective coating and to preserve eggs


stained glass: glass that has been colored in some way; used for church windows


Tiffany glass: a kind of opalescent colored glass that was used in the early 1900s for stained-glass windows and lamps


wire glass: a glass that contains a layer of wire netting in it


crystal: a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure


twins: (mineralogy) two interwoven crystals that are mirror images on each other


enamine: an amine containing the double bond linkage -C=C-N-


enantiomorph: either one of a pair of compounds (crystals or molecules) that are mirror images on each other but are not identical


enantiomer: either one of a pair of compounds (crystals or molecules) that are mirror images on each other but are not identical


exotherm: a compound that gives off heat during its formation and absorbs heat during its decomposition


glucose: a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy


dextrose: an isomer of glucose that is found in honey and sweet fruits


dextroglucose: an isomer of glucose that is found in honey and sweet fruits


grape sugar: an isomer of glucose that is found in honey and sweet fruits


blood sugar: glucose in the bloodstream


blood glucose: glucose in the bloodstream


glutamate: a salt or ester of glutamic acid


glutamic oxalacetic transaminase: an enzyme involved in transamination


glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase: an enzyme involved in transamination


glyceraldehyde: a sweet crystalline aldehyde formed by the breakdown of sugars


glyceric aldehyde: a sweet crystalline aldehyde formed by the breakdown of sugars


glyceric acid: a syrupy acid obtained by oxidation of glycerol or glyceraldehyde


glyceride: an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils


acylglycerol: an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils


triglyceride: glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body


glycerol: a sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils


glycerin: a sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils


glycerine: a sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils


glycerinated gelatin: a gelatinous preparation made from gelatin and glycerin and water; used as a base for ointments and suppositories


glycerin jelly: a mixture of glycerin and gelatin that is used in histology for mounting specimens


glycerite: a medicine made by mixing a substance in glycerin


glycerole: a medicine made by mixing a substance in glycerin


glycerogelatin: a medicated skin preparation made from glycerin and glycerinated gelatin


glycerogel: a medicated skin preparation made from glycerin and glycerinated gelatin


glyceryl: a trivalent radical derived from glycerol by removing the three hydroxyl radicals


nitroglycerin: a heavy yellow poisonous oily explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol; used in making explosives and medically as a vasodilator (trade names Nitrospan and Nitrostat)


nitroglycerine: a heavy yellow poisonous oily explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol; used in making explosives and medically as a vasodilator (trade names Nitrospan and Nitrostat)


trinitroglycerin: a heavy yellow poisonous oily explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol; used in making explosives and medically as a vasodilator (trade names Nitrospan and Nitrostat)


glyceryl trinitrate: a heavy yellow poisonous oily explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol; used in making explosives and medically as a vasodilator (trade names Nitrospan and Nitrostat)


Nitrospan: a heavy yellow poisonous oily explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol; used in making explosives and medically as a vasodilator (trade names Nitrospan and Nitrostat)


Nitrostat: a heavy yellow poisonous oily explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol; used in making explosives and medically as a vasodilator (trade names Nitrospan and Nitrostat)


glyceryl ester: an ester of glycerol


glycoside: a group of compounds derived from monosaccharides


amygdalin: a bitter cyanogenic glucoside extracted from the seeds of apricots and plums and bitter almonds


laetrile: a substance derived from amygdalin; publicized as an antineoplastic drug although there is no supporting evidence


glucoside: a glycoside derived from glucose


saponin: any of various plant glucosides that form soapy lathers when mixed and agitated with water; used in detergents and foaming agents and emulsifiers


glycolic acid: a translucent crystalline compound found in sugar cane and sugar beets and unripe grapes


glycollic acid: a translucent crystalline compound found in sugar cane and sugar beets and unripe grapes


hydroxyacetic acid: a translucent crystalline compound found in sugar cane and sugar beets and unripe grapes


glycoprotein: a conjugated protein having a carbohydrate component


cluster of differentiation 4: a glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of helper T cells


CD4: a glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of helper T cells


cluster of differentiation 8: a membrane glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of cytotoxic T cells


CD8: a membrane glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of cytotoxic T cells


hemoprotein: a conjugated protein linked to a compound of iron and porphyrin


haemoprotein: a conjugated protein linked to a compound of iron and porphyrin


lectin: any of several plant glycoproteins that act like specific antibodies but are not antibodies in that they are not evoked by an antigenic stimulus


gneiss: a laminated metamorphic rock similar to granite


schist: any metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers


rust: a red or brown oxide coating on iron or steel caused by the action of oxygen and moisture


goitrogen: any substance (such as thiouracil) that induces the formation of a goiter


goldstone: aventurine spangled densely with fine gold-colored particles


gondang wax: a hard cream-colored wax obtained from a Javanese fig tree


fig wax: a hard cream-colored wax obtained from a Javanese fig tree


goose grease: grease derived from geese


graph paper: paper that has lines to permit drawing graphs


granite: plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz


granular pearlite: if steel or iron cool very slowly the cementite may occur in globules instead of in layers


globular pearlite: if steel or iron cool very slowly the cementite may occur in globules instead of in layers


lubricant: a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery


lubricator: a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery


lubricating substance: a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery


lube: a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery


grease: a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)


lubricating oil: a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)


greaseproof paper: paper that is impermeable to oil or grease; used in cooking


Greek fire: a mixture used by Byzantine Greeks that was often shot at adversaries; catches fire when wetted


green gold: a gold alloy (at least 14 karat gold with silver or silver and cadmium) that has a green appearance


greisen: a granitic rock composed of quartz and mica


groundmass: (geology) the matrix of fine-grained crystalline material in which larger crystals are embedded


grid metal: a kind of hard lead that is used for grids in storage batteries


grout: a thin mortar that can be poured and used to fill cracks in masonry or brickwork


guanine: a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine


G: a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine


guano: the excrement of sea birds; used as fertilizer


guinea gold: 22-karat gold from which guinea coins were made


gunite: a mixture of cement and sand and water that is sprayed on a surface under pneumatic pressure


essential oil: an oil having the odor or flavor of the plant from which it comes; used in perfume and flavorings


volatile oil: an oil having the odor or flavor of the plant from which it comes; used in perfume and flavorings


attar: essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers


atar: essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers


athar: essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers


ottar: essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers


attar of roses: a volatile fragrant oil obtained from fresh roses by steam distillation


rose oil: a volatile fragrant oil obtained from fresh roses by steam distillation


clove oil: essential oil obtained from cloves and used to flavor medicines


oil of cloves: essential oil obtained from cloves and used to flavor medicines


costus oil: a yellow volatile essential oil obtained from costusroot; used in perfumes


eucalyptus oil: an essential oil obtained from the leaves of eucalypts


turpentine: volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally


oil of turpentine: volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally


spirit of turpentine: volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally


turps: volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally


wormwood oil: a dark bitter oil obtained from wormwood leaves; flavors absinthe liqueurs


absinthe oil: a dark bitter oil obtained from wormwood leaves; flavors absinthe liqueurs


linalool: a colorless fragrant liquid found in many essential oils


resin: any of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules


rosin: any of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules


natural resin: a plant exudate


amber: a hard yellowish to brownish translucent fossil resin; used for jewelry


urea-formaldehyde resin: a clear thermosetting resin made from urea and formaldehyde and used in electrical fittings, adhesives, and finishes


copal: a brittle aromatic resin used in varnishes


copalite: partly mineralized copal dug from the ground


copaline: partly mineralized copal dug from the ground


fossil copal: partly mineralized copal dug from the ground


congo copal: copal found usually as a fossil


congo gum: copal found usually as a fossil


kauri: resin of the kauri trees of New Zealand; found usually as a fossil; also collected for making varnishes and linoleum


kauri copal: resin of the kauri trees of New Zealand; found usually as a fossil; also collected for making varnishes and linoleum


kauri resin: resin of the kauri trees of New Zealand; found usually as a fossil; also collected for making varnishes and linoleum


kauri gum: resin of the kauri trees of New Zealand; found usually as a fossil; also collected for making varnishes and linoleum


dammar: any of various hard resins from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae and of the genus Agathis; especially the amboyna pine


gum dammar: any of various hard resins from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae and of the genus Agathis; especially the amboyna pine


damar: any of various hard resins from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae and of the genus Agathis; especially the amboyna pine


dammar resin: any of various hard resins from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae and of the genus Agathis; especially the amboyna pine


Zanzibar copal: a hard copal derived from an African tree


anime: a hard copal derived from an African tree


colophony: translucent brittle substance produced from pine oleoresin; used especially in varnishes and inks and on the bows of stringed instruments


mastic: an aromatic exudate from the mastic tree; used chiefly in varnishes


oleoresin: a naturally occurring mixture of a resin and an essential oil; obtained from certain plants


balsam: any of various fragrant oleoresins used in medicines and perfumes


balm: any of various aromatic resinous substances used for healing and soothing


balm of Gilead: a fragrant oleoresin


Canada balsam: yellow transparent exudate of the balsam fir; used as a transparent cement in optical devices (especially in microscopy) and as a mounting medium


turpentine: obtained from conifers (especially pines)


gum terpentine: obtained from conifers (especially pines)


Chian turpentine: a turpentine exuded by the terebinth


copaiba: an oleoresin used in varnishes and ointments


copaiba balsam: an oleoresin used in varnishes and ointments


balsam capivi: an oleoresin used in varnishes and ointments


gum resin: a mixture of resin and gum


benzoin: gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation


gum benzoin: gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation


benjamin: gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation


gum benjamin: gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation


asa dulcis: gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation


benzofuran: a colorless oily compound extracted from coal tar and used in manufacturing synthetic resins


coumarone: a colorless oily compound extracted from coal tar and used in manufacturing synthetic resins


cumarone: a colorless oily compound extracted from coal tar and used in manufacturing synthetic resins


bdellium: aromatic gum resin; similar to myrrh


gamboge: a gum resin used as a yellow pigment and a purgative


gum: any of various substances (soluble in water) that exude from certain plants; they are gelatinous when moist but harden on drying


medium: an intervening substance through which something is achieved


culture medium: (bacteriology) a nutrient substance (solid or liquid) that is used to cultivate micro-organisms


medium: (bacteriology) a nutrient substance (solid or liquid) that is used to cultivate micro-organisms


medium: (biology) a substance in which specimens are preserved or displayed


contrast medium: a substance that is opaque to x-rays; when administered it allows a radiologist to examine the organ or tissue it fills


contrast material: a substance that is opaque to x-rays; when administered it allows a radiologist to examine the organ or tissue it fills


medium: a liquid with which pigment is mixed by a painter


agar: a colloidal extract of algae; used especially in culture media and as a gelling agent in foods


agar-agar: a colloidal extract of algae; used especially in culture media and as a gelling agent in foods


agar: any culture medium that uses agar as the gelling agent


nutrient agar: any culture medium that uses agar as the gelling agent


blood agar: a culture medium containing whole blood as the nutrient


algin: a gum used especially as a thickener or emulsifier


alginic acid: a gum used especially as a thickener or emulsifier


cherry-tree gum: exudation from trees of the Prunus genus; resembles gum arabic


chicle: gum-like substance from the sapodilla


chicle gum: gum-like substance from the sapodilla


guar gum: a gum from seeds of the guar plant; used to thicken foods and as sizing for paper and cloth


gum arabic: gum from an acacia tree; used as a thickener (especially in candies and pharmaceuticals)


gum acacia: gum from an acacia tree; used as a thickener (especially in candies and pharmaceuticals)


Senegal gum: gum arabic from the vicinity of the Senegal river


gum butea: dried juice of the dhak tree; used as an astringent


butea gum: dried juice of the dhak tree; used as an astringent


butea kino: dried juice of the dhak tree; used as an astringent


Bengal kino: dried juice of the dhak tree; used as an astringent


kino: a gum obtained from various tropical plants; used as an astringent and in tanning


gum kino: a gum obtained from various tropical plants; used as an astringent and in tanning


kino gum: a gum obtained from various tropical plants; used as an astringent and in tanning


mesquite gum: a gum obtained from mesquite pods; resembles gum arabic


mucilage: a gelatinous substance secreted by plants


sterculia gum: exudate of an Asian tree; used for finishing textiles and to thicken foodstuffs and cosmetics


karaya gum: exudate of an Asian tree; used for finishing textiles and to thicken foodstuffs and cosmetics


synthetic: a compound made artificially by chemical reactions


synthetic substance: a compound made artificially by chemical reactions


synthetic resin: a resin having a polymeric structure; especially a resin in the raw state; used chiefly in plastics


alkyd: a durable synthetic resin widely used in adhesives and paints


alkyd resin: a durable synthetic resin widely used in adhesives and paints


phenolic resin: a thermosetting resin


phenolic: a thermosetting resin


phenoplast: a thermosetting resin


epoxy: a thermosetting resin; used chiefly in strong adhesives and coatings and laminates


epoxy resin: a thermosetting resin; used chiefly in strong adhesives and coatings and laminates


epoxy glue: a thermosetting resin; used chiefly in strong adhesives and coatings and laminates


copolymer: a polymer consisting of two or more different monomers


polyurethane: any of various polymers containing the urethane radical; a wide variety of synthetic forms are made and used as adhesives or plastics or paints or rubber


polyurethan: any of various polymers containing the urethane radical; a wide variety of synthetic forms are made and used as adhesives or plastics or paints or rubber


polyfoam: a foam made by adding water to polyurethane plastics


polyurethane foam: a foam made by adding water to polyurethane plastics


cinnamon stone: a garnet ranging in color from yellow to brown


essonite: a garnet ranging in color from yellow to brown


hessonite: a garnet ranging in color from yellow to brown


gumbo: any of various fine-grained silty soils that become waxy and very sticky mud when saturated with water


gumbo soil: any of various fine-grained silty soils that become waxy and very sticky mud when saturated with water


gutta-percha: a whitish rubber derived from the coagulated milky latex of gutta-percha trees; used for insulation of electrical cables


terra alba: finely pulverized gypsum used especially as a pigment


gummite: a gummy orange mixture of uranium oxides and silicates occurring naturally in the hydration and oxidation of pitchblende


halibut-liver oil: a fatty oil from halibut livers that is used as a source of vitamin A


halide: a salt of any halogen acid


halocarbon: one of various compounds of carbon and any of the halogens


halogen: any of five related nonmetallic elements (fluorine or chlorine or bromine or iodine or astatine) that are all monovalent and readily form negative ions


hanging chad: a chad that is incompletely removed and hanging by one corner


hard lead: unrefined lead that is hard because of the impurities it contains


hard lead: a lead alloy that contains about 5% antimony


antimonial lead: a lead alloy that contains about 5% antimony


hard steel: steel with more than 0.3% carbon


hard water: water that contains mineral salts (as calcium and magnesium ions) that limit the formation of lather with soap


harlequin opal: a reddish opal with small patches of brilliant color


hematite: the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form


haematite: the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form


hemiacetal: an organic compound usually formed as an intermediate product in the preparation of acetals from aldehydes or ketones


hemlock: poisonous drug derived from an Eurasian plant of the genus Conium


hemolysin: any substance that can cause lysis (destruction) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their hemoglobin


haemolysin: any substance that can cause lysis (destruction) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their hemoglobin


erythrolysin: any substance that can cause lysis (destruction) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their hemoglobin


erythrocytolysin: any substance that can cause lysis (destruction) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their hemoglobin


hemp: a plant fiber


heptane: a colorless volatile highly flammable liquid obtained from petroleum and used as an anesthetic or a solvent or in determining octane ratings


herbicide: a chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth


weedkiller: a chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth


weed killer: a chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth


hexane: a colorless flammable liquid alkane derived from petroleum and used as a solvent


high brass: brass with 35% zinc


high-density lipoprotein: a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of a high proportion of protein and relatively little cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis


HDL: a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of a high proportion of protein and relatively little cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis


alpha-lipoprotein: a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of a high proportion of protein and relatively little cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis


high-level radioactive waste: radioactive waste that left in a nuclear reactor after the nuclear fuel has been consumed


high-speed steel: an alloy steel that remains hard at a red heat; used to make metal-cutting tools


hot-work steel: an alloy steel that remains hard at a red heat; used to make metal-cutting tools


hip tile: a tile shaped so as to cover the hip of a hip roof


hipped tile: a tile shaped so as to cover the hip of a hip roof


histidine: an essential amino acid found in proteins that is important for the growth and repair of tissue


histaminase: enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine


homogenate: material that has been homogenized (especially tissue that has been ground and mixed)


horsehair: hair taken from the mane or tail of a horse


humectant: any substance that is added to another substance to keep it moist


humus: partially decomposed organic matter; the organic component of soil


humate: material that is high in humic acids


humic acid: a dark brown humic substance that is soluble in water only at pH values greater than 2


humic substance: an organic residue of decaying organic matter


humin: a black humic substance that is not soluble in water


hyacinth: a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone


jacinth: a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone


hyaline: a glassy translucent substance that occurs in hyaline cartilage or in certain skin conditions


hyalin: a glassy translucent substance that occurs in hyaline cartilage or in certain skin conditions


hyaluronic acid: a viscous mucopolysaccharide found in the connective tissue space and the synovial fluid of movable joints and the humors of the eye; a cementing and protective substance


hyaluronidase: an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids


spreading factor: an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids


Hyazyme: an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids


hydrate: any compound that contains water of crystallization


hydrazine: a colorless fuming corrosive liquid; a powerful reducing agent; used chiefly in rocket fuels


hydride: any binary compound formed by the union of hydrogen and other elements


hydrobromic acid: an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide that is a strong liquid acid


hydrocarbon: an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen


bitumen: any of various naturally occurring impure mixtures of hydrocarbons


pitch: any of various dark heavy viscid substances obtained as a residue


tar: any of various dark heavy viscid substances obtained as a residue


coal tar: a tar formed from distillation of bituminous coal; coal tar can be further distilled to give various aromatic compounds


butadiene: a gaseous hydrocarbon C4H6; used in making synthetic rubbers


chloroprene: derivative of butadiene used in making neoprene by polymerization


hydrochloric acid: an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride; a strongly corrosive acid


chlorohydric acid: an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride; a strongly corrosive acid


hydrofluorocarbon: a fluorocarbon emitted as a by-product of industrial manufacturing


HFC: a fluorocarbon emitted as a by-product of industrial manufacturing


hydrogen bromide: a colorless gas that yields hydrobromic acid in solution with water


hydrogen chloride: a colorless corrosive gas (HCl)


hydrogen fluoride: a colorless poisonous corrosive liquid made by the action of sulphuric acid on calcium fluoride; solutions in water are hydrofluoric acid


hydrofluoric acid: a weak poisonous liquid acid; formed by solution of hydrogen fluoride in water


hydrogen iodide: a colorless gas that yields hydroiodic acid in aqueous solution


hydroiodic acid: an acid formed by aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide


hydrogen sulfide: a sulfide having the unpleasant smell of rotten eggs


hyper-eutectoid steel: a steel that contains more than 0.9% carbon


hypnagogue: an agent that induces drowsiness or sleep


hypo: a compound used as a fixing agent in photographic developing


sodium thiosulphate: a compound used as a fixing agent in photographic developing


sodium thiosulfate: a compound used as a fixing agent in photographic developing


hypochlorous acid: a weak unstable acid known only in solution and in its salts; used as a bleaching agent and as an oxidizing agent


hypo-eutectoid steel: a steel that contains less that 0.9% carbon


hypoglycemic agent: any of various agents that decrease the level of glucose in the blood and are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus


hypoglycaemic agent: any of various agents that decrease the level of glucose in the blood and are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus


hydrazo group: the bivalent group -HNNH- derived from hydrazine


hydrazo radical: the bivalent group -HNNH- derived from hydrazine


hydroxide: a chemical compound containing the hydroxyl group


hydroxyl: the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols


hydroxyl group: the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols


hydroxyl radical: the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols


hydroxide ion: the anion OH having one oxygen and one hydrogen atom


hydroxyl ion: the anion OH having one oxygen and one hydrogen atom


hydroxymethyl: a methyl with hydroxide replacing the hydrogen atoms


ice: water frozen in the solid state


water ice: water frozen in the solid state


black ice: a thin coating of ice (as from freezing mist) on a road or sidewalk; nearly invisible but very hazardous


frost: ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)


hoar: ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)


hoarfrost: ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)


rime: ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)


hailstone: small pellet of ice that falls during a hailstorm


icicle: ice resembling a pendent spear, formed by the freezing of dripping water


Iceland spar: a transparent calcite found in Iceland and used in polarizing microscopes


identification particle: a tiny particle of material that can be added to a product to indicate the source of manufacture


Inconel: a nickel-base alloy with chromium and iron; used in gas-turbine blades


ideal gas: a hypothetical gas with molecules of negligible size that exert no intermolecular forces


perfect gas: a hypothetical gas with molecules of negligible size that exert no intermolecular forces


imidazole: an organic base C3H4N2; a histamine inhibitor


iminazole: an organic base C3H4N2; a histamine inhibitor


glyoxaline: an organic base C3H4N2; a histamine inhibitor


impregnation: material with which something is impregnated


indelible ink: ink that cannot be erased or washed away


India ink: a black liquid ink used for printing or writing or drawing


drawing ink: a black liquid ink used for printing or writing or drawing


indicator: (chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction


indurated clay: hardened clay


ink: a liquid used for printing or writing or drawing


magnetic ink: an ink that contains particles of a magnetic substance whose presence can be detected by magnetic sensors


printer's ink: a semisolid quick drying ink made especially for use in printing


printing ink: a semisolid quick drying ink made especially for use in printing


writing ink: any permanent or washable ink used with pens


Indian red: a red soil containing ferric oxide; often used as a pigment


Indian red: a red pigment composed in part from ferric oxide which is often used in paints and cosmetics


indoleacetic acid: a plant hormone promoting elongation of stems and roots


IAA: a plant hormone promoting elongation of stems and roots


indolebutyric acid: a synthetic plant hormone promoting elongation of stems and roots


inducer: an agent capable of activating specific genes


ivory black: a black pigment made from grinding burnt ivory in oil


incense: a substance that produces a fragrant odor when burned


inhalant: something that is inhaled


inoculant: a substance (a virus or toxin or immune serum) that is introduced into the body to produce or increase immunity to a particular disease


inoculum: a substance (a virus or toxin or immune serum) that is introduced into the body to produce or increase immunity to a particular disease


inorganic compound: any compound that does not contain carbon


inosine: a nucleoside that is formed by the deamination of adenosine; used in kidney transplantation to provide a temporary source of sugar


inositol: an optically inactive alcohol that is a component of the vitamin B complex


insecticide: a chemical used to kill insects


insect powder: a chemical used to kill insects


insectifuge: a chemical substance that repels insects


insect repellent: a chemical substance that repels insects


insect repellant: a chemical substance that repels insects


repellent: a chemical substance that repels animals


repellant: a chemical substance that repels animals


repellent: a compound with which fabrics are treated to repel water


repellant: a compound with which fabrics are treated to repel water


instillation: a liquid that is instilled drop by drop


insulating material: a material that reduces or prevents the transmission of heat or sound or electricity


insulant: a material that reduces or prevents the transmission of heat or sound or electricity


insulation: a material that reduces or prevents the transmission of heat or sound or electricity


interleukin: any of several lymphokines that promote macrophages and killer T cells and B cells and other components of the immune system


intermediate: a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained


Invar: an alloy of iron and nickel having a low coefficient of thermal expansion; used in tuning forks and measuring tapes and other instruments


invertase: an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose


saccharase: an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose


sucrase: an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose


invert sugar: a mixture of equal parts of glucose and fructose resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose; found naturally in fruits; sweeter than glucose


Javelle water: an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite


Javel water: an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite


eau de Javelle: an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite


fraction: a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process


iodic acid: a soluble crystalline acid; used as a reagent and disinfectant


iodide: a salt or ester of hydriodic acid


iodocompound: a compound containing the covalent iodine radical


thyroprotein: a preparation made from iodinated protein and having an action similar to thyroxine


thyroglobulin: an iodine containing protein that is obtained from the thyroid gland and exhibits the general properties of the globulins


iron blue: any of various blue pigments


Prussian blue: any of various blue pigments


iron blue: slightly purplish or bluish dark grey


steel grey: slightly purplish or bluish dark grey


steel gray: slightly purplish or bluish dark grey


Davy's grey: slightly purplish or bluish dark grey


Davy's gray: slightly purplish or bluish dark grey


Payne's grey: any pigment that produces a greyish to dark greyish blue


Payne's gray: any pigment that produces a greyish to dark greyish blue


iron disulfide: a compound containing two atoms of sulfur combined with iron


iron ore: an ore from which iron can be extracted


iron perchloride: a highly toxic chemical used to engrave metal plates and electronic circuits


isocyanate: a salt or ester of isocyanic acid


isocyanic acid: an acid known only in the form of its esters


isoleucine: an essential amino acid found in proteins; isomeric with leucine


isomer: a compound that exists in forms having different arrangements of atoms but the same molecular weight


isomerase: an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form


itaconic acid: a crystalline carboxylic acid; occurs in some fermentations of sugars


jade: a semiprecious gemstone that takes a high polish; is usually green but sometimes whitish; consists of jadeite or nephrite


jadestone: a semiprecious gemstone that takes a high polish; is usually green but sometimes whitish; consists of jadeite or nephrite


Japan wax: a yellow wax obtained from sumac berries; used in polishes


Japan tallow: a yellow wax obtained from sumac berries; used in polishes


jargoon: a colorless (or pale yellow or smoky) variety of zircon


jargon: a colorless (or pale yellow or smoky) variety of zircon


jasper: an opaque form of quartz; red or yellow or brown or dark green in color; used for ornamentation or as a gemstone


jelly: any substance having the consistency of jelly or gelatin


jet: a hard black form of lignite that takes a brilliant polish and is used in jewelry or ornamentation


joss stick: a slender stick of incense burned before a joss by the Chinese


jute: a plant fiber used in making rope or sacks


kapok: a plant fiber from the kapok tree; used for stuffing and insulation


silk cotton: a plant fiber from the kapok tree; used for stuffing and insulation


vegetable silk: a plant fiber from the kapok tree; used for stuffing and insulation


red silk cotton: a plant fiber from the red silk-cotton tree of eastern India; inferior to kapok


paraffin: (British usage) kerosine


paraffin oil: (British usage) kerosine


keratohyalin: hyaline in the large granules of the stratum granulosum


ketone: any of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals


ketone body: a ketone that is an intermediate product of the breakdown of fats in the body; any of three compounds (acetoacetic acid, acetone, and/or beta-hydroxybutyric acid) found in excess in blood and urine of persons with metabolic disorders


acetone body: a ketone that is an intermediate product of the breakdown of fats in the body; any of three compounds (acetoacetic acid, acetone, and/or beta-hydroxybutyric acid) found in excess in blood and urine of persons with metabolic disorders


ketone group: a group having the characteristic properties of ketones


acetoacetic acid: unstable acid found in abnormal amounts in the blood and urine in some cases of impaired metabolism (as diabetes mellitus or starvation)


beta-hydroxybutyric acid: beta derivative of hydroxybutyric acid that is found in the blood and urine in some cases of impaired metabolism


hydroxybutyric acid: hydroxy derivative of butyric acid


oxybutyric acid: hydroxy derivative of butyric acid


ketohexose: a monosaccharide having six carbon atoms and a ketone group


ketose: any monosaccharide sugar that contains a ketone group or its hemiacetal


kinase: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme


Kleenex: a piece of soft absorbent paper (usually two or more thin layers) used as a disposable handkerchief


kunzite: a pinkish lilac crystal form of the mineral spodumene that is used as a gemstone


Kwell: a preparation of lindane (trade name Kwell) that is used to kill lice and itch mites; available in cream or shampoo


labdanum: a dark brown to greenish oleoresin that has a fragrant odor and is used as a fixative in perfumes; obtained as a juice from certain rockroses


gum labdanum: a dark brown to greenish oleoresin that has a fragrant odor and is used as a fixative in perfumes; obtained as a juice from certain rockroses


lacquer: a black resinous substance obtained from certain trees and used as a natural varnish


lactase: any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose


Lactaid: any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose


lactic acid: a clear odorless hygroscopic syrupy carboxylic acid found in sour milk and in many fruits


lactifuge: any agent that reduces milk secretion (as given to a woman who is not breast feeding)


lactogen: any agent that enhances milk production


lactose: a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk


milk sugar: a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk


lamellar mixture: a mixture in which substances occur in distinct layers


lapis lazuli: an azure blue semiprecious stone


lazuli: an azure blue semiprecious stone


lard oil: oil consisting chiefly of olein that is expressed from lard and used especially as a lubricant, cutting oil or illuminant


larvicide: a chemical used to kill larval pests


laterite: a red soil produced by rock decay; contains insoluble deposits of ferric and aluminum oxides


lath and plaster: a building material consisting of thin strips of wood that provide a foundation for a coat of plaster


lauric acid: a crystalline fatty acid occurring as glycerides in natural fats and oils (especially coconut oil and palm-kernel oil)


dodecanoic acid: a crystalline fatty acid occurring as glycerides in natural fats and oils (especially coconut oil and palm-kernel oil)


lauryl alcohol: a colorless insoluble solid alcohol used to make detergents and pharmaceuticals


1-dodecanol: a colorless insoluble solid alcohol used to make detergents and pharmaceuticals


latten: brass (or a yellow alloy resembling brass) that was hammered into thin sheets; formerly used for church utensils


lava: rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface


tuff: hard volcanic rock composed of compacted volcanic ash


tufa: hard volcanic rock composed of compacted volcanic ash


tufa: a soft porous rock consisting of calcium carbonate deposited from springs rich in lime


calc-tufa: a soft porous rock consisting of calcium carbonate deposited from springs rich in lime


aa: a dry form of lava resembling clinkers


pahoehoe: freely flowing lava


pillow lava: lava that hardened in rounded shapes suggestive of pillows; believed to result from underwater eruptions


magma: molten rock in the earth's crust


igneous rock: rock formed by the solidification of molten magma


adesite: dark greyish extrusive rock


batholith: large mass of intrusive igneous rock believed to have solidified deep within the earth


batholite: large mass of intrusive igneous rock believed to have solidified deep within the earth


pluton: large mass of intrusive igneous rock believed to have solidified deep within the earth


plutonic rock: large mass of intrusive igneous rock believed to have solidified deep within the earth


diorite: a granular crystalline intrusive rock


gabbro: one of a family of granular intrusive rocks


pegmatite: a form of igneous rock consisting of extremely coarse granite resulting from the crystallization of magma rich in rare elements


peridotite: a dark coarse-grained igneous rock consisting principally of olivine


kimberlite: a rare type of peridotite that sometimes contains diamonds; found in South Africa and Siberia


rhyolite: very acid volcanic rock


volcanic rock: extrusive igneous rock solidified near or on the surface of the Earth


leaded bronze: bronze to which 1-4% lead is added


lead ore: ore containing lead


massicot: the mineral form of lead monoxide; in the form of yellow powder it is used as a pigment


massicotite: the mineral form of lead monoxide; in the form of yellow powder it is used as a pigment


leaf mold: soil composed mainly of decaying leaves


leaf mould: soil composed mainly of decaying leaves


leaf soil: soil composed mainly of decaying leaves


leaven: a substance used to produce fermentation in dough or a liquid


leavening: a substance used to produce fermentation in dough or a liquid


ledger paper: a durable writing paper used in record books and business ledgers


lepidocrocite: a red to reddish brown mineral consisting of iron oxide hydroxide; often found in iron ores together with goethite


laid paper: writing paper having a watermark of fine lines running across the grain


wove paper: writing paper having a very faint mesh pattern


letter paper: writing paper for use in writing correspondence


lindane: a white crystalline powder used as an agricultural insecticide


linen: a high-quality paper made of linen fibers or with a linen finish


linen paper: a high-quality paper made of linen fibers or with a linen finish


leucine: a white crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins that is essential for nutrition; obtained by the hydrolysis of most dietary proteins


lignin: a complex polymer; the chief constituent of wood other than carbohydrates; binds to cellulose fibers to harden and strengthen cell walls of plants


hydroxide: a compound of an oxide with water


hydrated oxide: a compound of an oxide with water


calcite: a common mineral consisting of crystallized calcium carbonate; a major constituent of limestone


calcium hydroxide: a caustic substance produced by heating limestone


lime: a caustic substance produced by heating limestone


slaked lime: a caustic substance produced by heating limestone


hydrated lime: a caustic substance produced by heating limestone


calcium hydrate: a caustic substance produced by heating limestone


caustic lime: a caustic substance produced by heating limestone


lime hydrate: a caustic substance produced by heating limestone


limestone: a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals


rottenstone: a weathered and decomposed siliceous limestone; in powdered form it is used in polishing


tripoli: a weathered and decomposed siliceous limestone; in powdered form it is used in polishing


dripstone: the form of calcium carbonate found in stalactites and stalagmites


calcium bicarbonate: a bicarbonate that is a major cause of hard water


calcium carbonate: a salt found in nature as chalk or calcite or aragonite or limestone


limewater: solution of calcium hydroxide in water used as an antacid


calcium chloride: a deliquescent salt; used in de-icing and as a drying agent


calcium hydride: a saltlike binary compound (CaH2) used as a reducing agent and source of hydrogen


hydrolith: a saltlike binary compound (CaH2) used as a reducing agent and source of hydrogen


calcium sulphate: a white salt (CaSO4)


calcium sulfate: a white salt (CaSO4)


limonene: a liquid terpene with a lemon odor; found in lemons and oranges and other essential oils


limonite: a widely occurring iron oxide ore; a mixture of goethite and hematite and lepidocrocite


linoleic acid: a liquid polyunsaturated fatty acid abundant in plant fats and oils; a fatty acid essential for nutrition; used to make soap


linolic acid: a liquid polyunsaturated fatty acid abundant in plant fats and oils; a fatty acid essential for nutrition; used to make soap


linolenic acid: a liquid polyunsaturated fatty acid that occurs in some plant oils; an essential fatty acid


linoleum: a floor covering


lino: a floor covering


lint: fine ravellings of cotton or linen fibers


linuron: a herbicide that kills weeds without harming vegetables


lipase: an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream


lipid: an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)


lipide: an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)


lipoid: an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)


lipoprotein: a conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood


fluid: continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas


grume: a thick viscous liquid


ichor: (Greek mythology) the rarified fluid said to flow in the veins of the Gods


fluid: a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure


liquid: fluid matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume


liquid: a substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure


liquid nitrogen: nitrogen in a liquid state


liquid air: air in a liquid state


liquid bleach: a solution containing bleaching agents; used for laundry


liquid crystal: a liquid exhibiting properties of a crystal that are not shown by ordinary liquids


liquor: a liquid substance that is a solution (or emulsion or suspension) used or obtained in an industrial process


litmus: a coloring material (obtained from lichens) that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions; used as a very rough acid-base indicator


litmus test: a coloring material (obtained from lichens) that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions; used as a very rough acid-base indicator


litmus paper: unsized paper treated with litmus for use as an acid-base indicator


lithia water: mineral water containing lithium salts


lithium carbonate: a white powder (LiCO3) used in manufacturing glass and ceramics and as a drug; the drug (trade names Lithane or Lithonate or Eskalith) is used to treat some forms of depression and manic episodes of manic-depressive disorder


Lithane: a white powder (LiCO3) used in manufacturing glass and ceramics and as a drug; the drug (trade names Lithane or Lithonate or Eskalith) is used to treat some forms of depression and manic episodes of manic-depressive disorder


Lithonate: a white powder (LiCO3) used in manufacturing glass and ceramics and as a drug; the drug (trade names Lithane or Lithonate or Eskalith) is used to treat some forms of depression and manic episodes of manic-depressive disorder


Eskalith: a white powder (LiCO3) used in manufacturing glass and ceramics and as a drug; the drug (trade names Lithane or Lithonate or Eskalith) is used to treat some forms of depression and manic episodes of manic-depressive disorder


loam: a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials


lodestone: a permanent magnet consisting of magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically


loadstone: a permanent magnet consisting of magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically


loess: a fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind


log: a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches


low brass: brass with 30% (or less) zinc


low-density lipoprotein: a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis


LDL: a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis


beta-lipoprotein: a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis


low-level radioactive waste: (medicine) radioactive waste consisting of objects that have been briefly exposed to radioactivity (as in certain medical tests)


lumber: the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material


timber: the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material


lye: a strong solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide


lymphokine: a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that acts on other cells of the immune system (as by activating macrophages)


lysine: an essential amino acid found in proteins; occurs especially in gelatin and casein


Lysol: a clear oily brown solution of cresols in soap; used as an antiseptic and disinfectant


lysozyme: an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria


muramidase: an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria


Mace: (trademark) a liquid that temporarily disables a person; prepared as an aerosol and sprayed in the face, it irritates the eyes and causes dizziness and immobilization


Chemical Mace: (trademark) a liquid that temporarily disables a person; prepared as an aerosol and sprayed in the face, it irritates the eyes and causes dizziness and immobilization


macromolecule: any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals


supermolecule: any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals


magnesium bicarbonate: a bicarbonate that is a major cause of hard water


magnesium carbonate: a very white crystalline salt that occurs naturally as magnesite or as dolomite


magnesium hydroxide: a white crystalline powder used chiefly in medicines


magnesium nitride: a nitride containing nitrogen and magnesium


magnesium sulfate: a salt of magnesium


Epsom salts: hydrated magnesium sulfate that is taken orally to treat heartburn and constipation and injected to prevent seizures


bitter salts: hydrated magnesium sulfate that is taken orally to treat heartburn and constipation and injected to prevent seizures


magnetite: an oxide of iron that is strongly attracted by magnets


magnetic iron-ore: an oxide of iron that is strongly attracted by magnets


Malathion: a yellow insecticide used as a dust or spray to control garden pests and house flies and mites


maleate: a salt or ester of maleic acid; used as a nontricyclic antidepressant drug for psychomotor activation


maleic acid: a colorless crystalline compound found in unripe fruit (such as apples or tomatoes or cherries) and used mainly to make polyester resins


maltose: a white crystalline sugar formed during the digestion of starches


malt sugar: a white crystalline sugar formed during the digestion of starches


manifold paper: a lightweight paper used with carbon paper to make multiple copies


manifold: a lightweight paper used with carbon paper to make multiple copies


manila: a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp


manila paper: a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp


manilla: a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp


manilla paper: a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp


manganese bronze: a brass with from 1-4% manganese to harden it


high-strength brass: a brass with from 1-4% manganese to harden it


manganese steel: a steel with a relatively large component (10-14%) of manganese; highly resistant to wear and shock


austenitic manganese steel: a steel with a relatively large component (10-14%) of manganese; highly resistant to wear and shock


manganate: a salt of manganic acid containing manganese as its anion


Manila hemp: a kind of hemp obtained from the abaca plant in the Philippines


Manilla hemp: a kind of hemp obtained from the abaca plant in the Philippines


abaca: a kind of hemp obtained from the abaca plant in the Philippines


maple sugar: sugar made from the sap of the sugar maple tree


marble: a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material


verd antique: a dark green impure marble


verde antique: a dark green impure marble


marking ink: an indelible ink for marking clothes or linens etc.


marsh gas: methane gas produced when vegetation decomposes in water


martensite: a solid solution of carbon in alpha-iron that is formed when steel is cooled so rapidly that the change from austenite to pearlite is suppressed; responsible for the hardness of quenched steel


mash: a mixture of mashed malt grains and hot water; used in brewing


sour mash: a mash with optimum acidity for yeast fermentation; a mixture of old and new mash; used in distilling some whiskeys


matchwood: wood suitable for making matchsticks


matchwood: wood in small pieces or splinters


splinters: wood in small pieces or splinters


matrix: (geology) amass of fine-grained rock in which fossils, crystals, or gems are embedded


matte: a mixture of sulfides that forms when sulfide metal ores are smelted


medium steel: steel with 0.15-0.3% carbon


megilp: a medium for oil-paints; linseed oil mixed with mastic varnish or turpentine


magilp: a medium for oil-paints; linseed oil mixed with mastic varnish or turpentine


melamine: a white crystalline organic base; used mainly in making melamine resins


cyanuramide: a white crystalline organic base; used mainly in making melamine resins


melamine resin: a thermosetting resin formed from melamine and an aldehyde; used in molded products, adhesives, and coatings


meltwater: melted snow or ice


menhaden oil: a fatty oil obtained from the menhaden fish and used in paint and ink and in treating leather


menstruum: (archaic) a solvent


menthol: a crystalline compound that has the cool and minty taste and odor that occurs naturally in peppermint oil; used as a flavoring and in medicine to relieve itching, pain, and nasal congestion


mercuric chloride: a white poisonous soluble crystalline sublimate of mercury; used as a pesticide or antiseptic or wood preservative


mercury chloride: a white poisonous soluble crystalline sublimate of mercury; used as a pesticide or antiseptic or wood preservative


bichloride of mercury: a white poisonous soluble crystalline sublimate of mercury; used as a pesticide or antiseptic or wood preservative


corrosive sublimate: a white poisonous soluble crystalline sublimate of mercury; used as a pesticide or antiseptic or wood preservative


calomel: a tasteless colorless powder used medicinally as a cathartic


mercurous chloride: a tasteless colorless powder used medicinally as a cathartic


message pad: a pad of paper on which messages can be written


writing pad: a pad of paper on which messages can be written


methane: a colorless odorless gas used as a fuel


methane series: a series of non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH(2n+2)


alkane series: a series of non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH(2n+2)


alkane: a series of non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH(2n+2)


paraffin series: a series of non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH(2n+2)


paraffin: a series of non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH(2n+2)


methyl bromide: a poisonous gas or liquid (CH3Br) used to fumigate rodents, worms, etc.


methylated spirit: ethyl alcohol denatured with methyl alcohol to prevent its use as an alcoholic beverage


methylene group: the bivalent radical CH2 derived from methane


methylene radical: the bivalent radical CH2 derived from methane


methylene: the bivalent radical CH2 derived from methane


methyl: the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane


methyl group: the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane


methyl radical: the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane


methionine: a crystalline amino acid containing sulfur; found in most proteins and essential for nutrition


methyl salicylate: a liquid ester with a strong odor of wintergreen; applied externally for minor muscle and joint pain


birch oil: a liquid ester with a strong odor of wintergreen; applied externally for minor muscle and joint pain


sweet-birch oil: a liquid ester with a strong odor of wintergreen; applied externally for minor muscle and joint pain


Microtaggant: (trademark) a microscopic and traceable identification particle used to trace explosives or other hazardous materials or to prevent counterfeiting


mild steel: steel with less than 0.15% carbon


low-carbon steel: steel with less than 0.15% carbon


soft-cast steel: steel with less than 0.15% carbon


mine pig: pig iron made entirely from ore


mineral oil: a distillate of petroleum (especially one used medicinally as a laxative or stool softener)


misch metal: a pyrophoric alloy made from a mixture of rare-earth metals


mitogen: an agent that triggers mitosis


motor oil: oil used to lubricate the moving parts of a motor


mold: loose soil rich in organic matter


mould: loose soil rich in organic matter


molybdenum steel: steel containing 10-15% molybdenum; properties are similar to tungsten steel


monoamine: a molecule containing one amine group (especially one that is a neurotransmitter)


monoamine oxidase: an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)


MAO: an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)


monohydrate: a hydrate that contains one molecule of water per molecule of the compound


monosaccharide: a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates


monosaccharose: a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates


simple sugar: a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates