Manichaeism: a religion founded by Manes in the third century; a synthesis of Zoroastrian dualism between light and dark and Babylonian folklore and Buddhist ethics and superficial elements of Christianity; spread widely in the Roman Empire but had largely died out by 1000


Manichaeanism: a religion founded by Manes in the third century; a synthesis of Zoroastrian dualism between light and dark and Babylonian folklore and Buddhist ethics and superficial elements of Christianity; spread widely in the Roman Empire but had largely died out by 1000


Mithraism: ancient Persian religion; popular among Romans during first three centuries a.d.


Mithraicism: ancient Persian religion; popular among Romans during first three centuries a.d.


Zoroastrianism: system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)


Mazdaism: system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)


Parsiism: the faith of a Zoroastrian sect in India


Parseeism: the faith of a Zoroastrian sect in India


Bahaism: a religion founded in Iran in 1863; emphasizes the spiritual unity of all humankind; incorporates Christian and Islamic tenets; many adherents live in the United States


shamanism: an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans


Asian shamanism: an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans


shamanism: any animistic religion similar to Asian shamanism (especially as practiced by certain Native American tribes)


Vedism: the form of Hinduism that revolves primarily around the mythic version and ritual ideologies in the Vedas


Wicca: the polytheistic nature religion of modern witchcraft whose central deity is a mother goddess; claims origins in pre-Christian pagan religions of western Europe


obiism: belief in a kind of sorcery that originated in Africa and is practiced in the West Indies


voodoo: a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities


vodoun: a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities


voodooism: a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities


hoodooism: a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities


amateurism: the conviction that people should participate in sports as a hobby (for the fun of it) rather than for money


anagoge: a mystical or allegorical interpretation (especially of Scripture)


dynamical system: (physics) a phase space together with a transformation of that space


chaos: (physics) a dynamical system that is extremely sensitive to its initial conditions


condensation: (psychoanalysis) an unconscious process whereby two ideas or images combine into a single symbol; especially in dreams


level: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth


layer: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth


stratum: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth


transference: (psychoanalysis) the process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another; during psychoanalysis the displacement of feelings toward others (usually the parents) is onto the analyst


countertransference: the psychoanalyst's displacement of emotion onto the patient or more generally the psychoanalyst's emotional involvement in the therapeutic interaction


restraint: a rule or condition that limits freedom


floodgate: something that restrains a flood or outpouring


military science: the discipline dealing with the principles of warfare


escapology: the study of methods of escaping (especially as a form of entertainment)


graphology: the study of handwriting (especially as an indicator of the writer's character or disposition)


numerology: the study of the supposed occult influence of numbers on human affairs


protology: the study of origins and first things


theogony: the study of the origins and genealogy of the gods


tactics: the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy


strategy: the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war


closure: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete and to close or fill gaps and to perceive asymmetric stimuli as symmetric


law of closure: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete and to close or fill gaps and to perceive asymmetric stimuli as symmetric


common fate: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit


law of common fate: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit


descriptivism: (linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting descriptive linguistics


descriptivism: (ethics) a doctrine holding that moral statements have a truth value


good continuation: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive a line as continuing its established direction


continuation: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive a line as continuing its established direction


law of continuation: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive a line as continuing its established direction


prescriptivism: (linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting prescriptive linguistics


prescriptivism: (ethics) a doctrine holding that moral statements prescribe appropriate attitudes and behavior


proximity: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) objects or events that are near to one another (in space or time) are perceived as belonging together as a unit


law of proximity: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) objects or events that are near to one another (in space or time) are perceived as belonging together as a unit


similarity: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) parts of a stimulus field that are similar to each other tend to be perceived as belonging together as a unit


law of similarity: a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) parts of a stimulus field that are similar to each other tend to be perceived as belonging together as a unit


wrinkle: a clever method of doing something (especially something new and different)


wrinkle: a minor difficulty


Zurvanism: a heretical Zoroastrian doctrine holding that Zurvan was the ultimate source of the universe and that both Ahura Mazda and Ahriman were Zurvan's offspring


transmission: communication by means of transmitted signals


communication: the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information


communicating: the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information


intercommunication: mutual communication; communication with each other


conveyance: the transmission of information


imparting: the transmission of information


impartation: the transmission of information


dissemination: the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate


airing: the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate


public exposure: the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate


spreading: the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate


circulation: the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)


propagation: the spreading of something (a belief or practice) into new regions


extension: the spreading of something (a belief or practice) into new regions


message: a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled


broadcast: message that is transmitted by radio or television


cipher: a message written in a secret code


cypher: a message written in a secret code


heliogram: a message transmitted by means of the sun's rays


medium: an intervening substance through which signals can travel as a means for communication


medium: a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information


ether: a medium that was once supposed to fill all space and to support the propagation of electromagnetic waves


aether: a medium that was once supposed to fill all space and to support the propagation of electromagnetic waves


vehicle: a medium for the expression or achievement of something


air: medium for radio and television broadcasting


airwave: medium for radio and television broadcasting


paper: a medium for written communication


sheet: paper used for writing or printing


piece of paper: paper used for writing or printing


sheet of paper: paper used for writing or printing


signature: a sheet with several pages printed on it; it folds to page size and is bound with other signatures to form a book


leaf: a sheet of any written or printed material (especially in a manuscript or book)


folio: a sheet of any written or printed material (especially in a manuscript or book)


flyleaf: a blank leaf in the front or back of a book


interleaf: a blank leaf inserted between the leaves of a book


page: one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains


tear sheet: a sheet that can be easily torn out of a publication


full page: something that covers an entire page


half page: something that covers (the top or bottom) half of a page


recto: right-hand page


verso: left-hand page


title page: a page of a book displaying the title and author and publisher


half title: a first page of some books displaying only the title of the book


bastard title: a first page of some books displaying only the title of the book


sports page: any page in the sports section of a newspaper


spread: two facing pages of a book or other publication


spread head: two facing pages of a book or other publication


spreadhead: two facing pages of a book or other publication


facing pages: two facing pages of a book or other publication


center spread: the spread at the center of a magazine


centre spread: the spread at the center of a magazine


centerfold: a magazine center spread; especially a foldout of a large photograph or map or other feature


centrefold: a magazine center spread; especially a foldout of a large photograph or map or other feature


foldout: an oversize page that is folded in to a book or magazine


gatefold: an oversize page that is folded in to a book or magazine


pagination: the system of numbering pages


folio: the system of numbering pages


page number: the system of numbering pages


paging: the system of numbering pages


stationery: paper cut to an appropriate size for writing letters; usually with matching envelopes


letter paper: paper cut to an appropriate size for writing letters; usually with matching envelopes


letterhead: a sheet of stationery with name and address of the organization printed at the top


notepaper: writing paper intended for writing short notes or letters


Post-It: brand name for a slip of notepaper that has an adhesive that allows it to stick to a surface and be removed without damaging the surface


foolscap: a size of paper used especially in Britain


style sheet: a sheet summarizing the editorial conventions to be followed in preparing text for publication


worksheet: a sheet of paper with multiple columns; used by an accountant to assemble figures for financial statements


channel: a path over which electrical signals can pass


transmission channel: a path over which electrical signals can pass


channel: (often plural) a means of communication or access


communication channel: (often plural) a means of communication or access


line: (often plural) a means of communication or access


band: a range of frequencies between two limits


frequency band: a band of adjacent radio frequencies (e.g., assigned for transmitting radio or television signals)


waveband: a band of adjacent radio frequencies (e.g., assigned for transmitting radio or television signals)


back channel: an alternative to the regular channels of communication that is used when agreements must be made secretly (especially in diplomacy or government)


lens: (metaphor) a channel through which something can be seen or understood


liaison: a channel for communication between groups


link: a channel for communication between groups


contact: a channel for communication between groups


inter-group communication: a channel for communication between groups


channels: official routes of communication


medium: (usually plural) transmissions that are disseminated widely to the public


mass medium: (usually plural) transmissions that are disseminated widely to the public


multimedia: transmission that combine media of communication (text and graphics and sound etc.)


multimedia system: transmission that combine media of communication (text and graphics and sound etc.)


hypermedia: a multimedia system in which related items of information are connected and can be presented together


hypermedia system: a multimedia system in which related items of information are connected and can be presented together


interactive multimedia: a multimedia system in which related items of information are connected and can be presented together


interactive multimedia system: a multimedia system in which related items of information are connected and can be presented together


hypertext: machine-readable text that is not sequential but is organized so that related items of information are connected; --Ted Nelson


film: a medium that disseminates moving pictures


cinema: a medium that disseminates moving pictures


celluloid: a medium that disseminates moving pictures


silver screen: the film industry


gutter press: press that engages in sensational journalism (especially concerning the private lives of public figures)


free press: a press not restricted or controlled by government censorship regarding politics or ideology


press: the print media responsible for gathering and publishing news in the form of newspapers or magazines


public press: the print media responsible for gathering and publishing news in the form of newspapers or magazines


print media: a medium that disseminates printed matter


storage medium: a medium for storing information


data-storage medium: a medium for storing information


magnetic storage medium: any storage medium in which different patterns of magnetization are used to represent stored bits or bytes of information


magnetic medium: any storage medium in which different patterns of magnetization are used to represent stored bits or bytes of information


magnetic storage: any storage medium in which different patterns of magnetization are used to represent stored bits or bytes of information


broadcast medium: a medium that disseminates via telecommunications


broadcasting: a medium that disseminates via telecommunications


mail: the system whereby messages are transmitted via the post office


mail service: the system whereby messages are transmitted via the post office


postal service: the system whereby messages are transmitted via the post office


post: the system whereby messages are transmitted via the post office


airmail: a system of conveying mail by aircraft


airpost: a system of conveying mail by aircraft


snail mail: any mail that is physically delivered by the postal service


rural free delivery: free government delivery of mail in outlying country areas


RFD: free government delivery of mail in outlying country areas


first class: mail that includes letters and postcards and packages sealed against inspection


1st class: mail that includes letters and postcards and packages sealed against inspection


first-class mail: mail that includes letters and postcards and packages sealed against inspection


1st-class mail: mail that includes letters and postcards and packages sealed against inspection


express: mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system


express mail: mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system


poste restante: a notation written on mail that is to be held at the post office until called for (not in the United States or Canada)


pony express: express mail carried by relays of riders on horseback; especially between Missouri and California around 1860


parcel post: postal service that handles packages


bulk mail: mail consisting of large numbers of identical items (circulars or advertisements) sent to individual addresses at less than 1st-class rates and paid for in one lot


direct mail: advertising sent directly to prospective customers via the mail


journalism: newspapers and magazines collectively


news media: newspapers and magazines collectively


Fleet Street: British journalism


photojournalism: journalism that presents a story primarily through the use of pictures


news photography: photography of newsworthy events


rotogravure: printed material (text and pictures) produced by an intaglio printing process in a rotary press


newspaper: a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements


paper: a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements


daily: a newspaper that is published every day


gazette: a newspaper or official journal


school newspaper: a newspaper written and published by students in a school


school paper: a newspaper written and published by students in a school


tabloid: newspaper with half-size pages


rag: newspaper with half-size pages


sheet: newspaper with half-size pages


yellow journalism: sensationalist journalism


tabloid: sensationalist journalism


tab: sensationalist journalism


article: nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication


column: a page or text that is vertically divided


column: an article giving opinions or perspectives


editorial: an article giving opinions or perspectives


newspaper column: an article giving opinions or perspectives


feature: a special or prominent article in a newspaper or magazine


feature article: a special or prominent article in a newspaper or magazine


magazine article: an article published in a magazine


news article: an article reporting news


news story: an article reporting news


newspaper article: an article reporting news


piece: an artistic or literary composition


morceau: a short literary or musical composition


offprint: a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication


reprint: a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication


separate: a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication


paper: a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses


think piece: an article in a newspaper or magazine or journal that represents opinions and ideas and discussion rather than bare facts


reissue: a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale


reprint: a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale


reprinting: a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale


new edition: a publication (such as a book) that has been modified or updated and offered again for sale


article of faith: (Christianity) any of the sections into which a creed or other statement of doctrine is divided


credendum: (Christianity) any of the sections into which a creed or other statement of doctrine is divided


lead: the introductory section of a story


lead-in: the introductory section of a story


lede: the introductory section of a story


opening line: the first line of a piece of writing (as a newspaper story)


lead: a news story of major importance


lead story: a news story of major importance


personal: a short newspaper article about a particular person or group


sidebar: a short news story presenting sidelights on a major story


agony column: a newspaper column devoted to personal problems


samizdat: a system of clandestine printing and distribution of dissident or banned literature


underground press: a system of clandestine printing and distribution of dissident or banned literature


telecommunication: (often plural) systems used in transmitting messages over a distance electronically


telecom: (often plural) systems used in transmitting messages over a distance electronically


telephone: transmitting speech at a distance


telephony: transmitting speech at a distance


voice mail: a computerized system for answering and routing telephone calls; telephone messages can be recorded and stored and relayed


voicemail: a computerized system for answering and routing telephone calls; telephone messages can be recorded and stored and relayed


call: a telephone connection


phone call: a telephone connection


telephone call: a telephone connection


call-back: a return call


collect call: a telephone call that the receiving party is asked to pay for


call forwarding: lets you transfer your incoming calls to any telephone that you can dial direct


call-in: a telephone call to a radio station or a television station in which the caller participates in the on-going program


call waiting: a way of letting you know that someone else is calling when you are using your telephone


crank call: a hostile telephone call (from a crank)


local call: a telephone call made within a local calling area


long distance: a telephone call made outside the local calling area


long-distance call: a telephone call made outside the local calling area


trunk call: a telephone call made outside the local calling area


toll call: a long-distance telephone call at charges above a local rate


conference call: a telephone call in which more than two people participate


wake-up call: a telephone call that you request be made a specific time in order to wake you up at that time (especially in hotels)


three-way calling: a way of adding a third party to your conversation without the assistance of a telephone operator


telegraphy: communicating at a distance by electric transmission over wire


cable: a telegram sent abroad


cablegram: a telegram sent abroad


overseas telegram: a telegram sent abroad


letter telegram: a cheaper form of telegram that is sent abroad for delivery the next day


wireless: transmission by radio waves


radiotelegraph: telegraphy that uses transmission by radio rather than by wire


radiotelegraphy: telegraphy that uses transmission by radio rather than by wire


wireless telegraphy: telegraphy that uses transmission by radio rather than by wire


mail: the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service


third-class mail: mail consisting of printed matter qualifying for reduced postal rates


third class: mail consisting of printed matter qualifying for reduced postal rates


junk mail: third-class mail consisting of advertising and often addressed to `resident' or `occupant'


phone message: a message transmitted by telephone


telephone message: a message transmitted by telephone


radiogram: a message transmitted by wireless telegraphy


radiotelephone: telephony that uses transmission by radio rather than by wire


radiotelephony: telephony that uses transmission by radio rather than by wire


wireless telephone: telephony that uses transmission by radio rather than by wire


broadcasting: taking part in a radio or tv program


Rediffusion: a system for distributing radio or tv programs


multiplex: communicates two or more signals over a common channel


radio: medium for communication


radiocommunication: medium for communication


wireless: medium for communication


television: broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects; ;  - Ernie Kovacs


telecasting: broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects; ;  - Ernie Kovacs


TV: broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects; ;  - Ernie Kovacs


video: broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects; ;  - Ernie Kovacs


video: the visible part of a television transmission


picture: the visible part of a television transmission


video: (computer science) the appearance of text and graphics on a video display


audio: the audible part of a transmitted signal


sound: the audible part of a transmitted signal


cable television: television that is transmitted over cable directly to the receiver


cable: television that is transmitted over cable directly to the receiver


high-definition television: a television system that has more than the usual number of lines per frame so its pictures show more detail


HDTV: a television system that has more than the usual number of lines per frame so its pictures show more detail


electronic communication: communication by computer


digital communication: electronic transmission of information that has been encoded digitally (as for storage and processing by computers)


data communication: electronic transmission of information that has been encoded digitally (as for storage and processing by computers)


asynchronous transfer mode: a means of digital communications that is capable of very high speeds; suitable for transmission of images or voice or video as well as data


ATM: a means of digital communications that is capable of very high speeds; suitable for transmission of images or voice or video as well as data


electronic mail: (computer science) a system of world-wide electronic communication in which a computer user can compose a message at one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient's terminal when the recipient logs in


e-mail: (computer science) a system of world-wide electronic communication in which a computer user can compose a message at one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient's terminal when the recipient logs in


email: (computer science) a system of world-wide electronic communication in which a computer user can compose a message at one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient's terminal when the recipient logs in


freemail: a service providing free email delivery in exchange for exposure to advertising


emoticon: a representation of a facial expression (as a smile or frown) created by typing a sequence of characters in sending email


smiley: an emoticon of a smiling face


smoking gun: indisputable evidence (especially of a crime)


spam: unwanted e-mail (usually of a commercial nature sent out in bulk)


junk e-mail: unwanted e-mail (usually of a commercial nature sent out in bulk)


messaging: the sending and processing of e-mail by computer


electronic messaging: the sending and processing of e-mail by computer


prompt: (computer science) a symbol that appears on the computer screen to indicate that the computer is ready to receive a command


command prompt: (computer science) a symbol that appears on the computer screen to indicate that the computer is ready to receive a command


fiber optics: the transmission of light signals via glass fibers


fiberoptics: the transmission of light signals via glass fibers


fibre optics: the transmission of light signals via glass fibers


fibreoptics: the transmission of light signals via glass fibers


reception: quality or fidelity of a received broadcast


signal detection: the detection that a signal is being received


detection: the detection that a signal is being received


modulation: (electronics) the transmission of a signal by using it to vary a carrier wave; changing the carrier's amplitude or frequency or phase


amplitude modulation: modulation of the amplitude of the (radio) carrier wave


AM: modulation of the amplitude of the (radio) carrier wave


frequency modulation: modulation of the frequency of the (radio) carrier wave


FM: modulation of the frequency of the (radio) carrier wave


phase modulation: modulation of the phase of the carrier wave


PM: modulation of the phase of the carrier wave


pulse modulation: modulation that imposes a signal on a train of pulses


pulse-time modulation: modulation of the time between successive pulses


demodulation: (electronics) the reception of a signal by extracting it from the carrier wave


contagion: the communication of an attitude or emotional state among a number of people


infection: the communication of an attitude or emotional state among a number of people


language: a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols


linguistic communication: a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols


usage: the customary manner in which a language (or a form of a language) is spoken or written


dead language: a language that is no longer learned as a native language


words: language that is spoken or written


source language: a language that is to be translated into another language


object language: the language into which a text written in another language is to be translated


target language: the language into which a text written in another language is to be translated


language unit: one of the natural units into which linguistic messages can be analyzed


linguistic unit: one of the natural units into which linguistic messages can be analyzed


slot: a position in a grammatical linguistic construction in which a variety of alternative units are interchangeable


discourse: extended verbal expression in speech or writing


context: discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation


linguistic context: discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation


context of use: discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation


sentence: a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language


simple sentence: a sentence having no coordinate clauses or subordinate clauses


complex sentence: a sentence composed of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause


loose sentence: a complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows


periodic sentence: a complex sentence in which the main clause comes last and is preceded by the subordinate clause


compound sentence: a sentence composed of at least two coordinate independent clauses


sentential function: formal expression containing variables; becomes a sentence when variables are replaced by constants


word: a unit of language that native speakers can identify


anagram: a word or phrase spelled by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase


anaphor: a word (such as a pronoun) used to avoid repetition; the referent of an anaphor is determined by its antecedent


antonym: a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other


opposite word: a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other


opposite: a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other


back-formation: a word invented (usually unwittingly by subtracting an affix) on the assumption that a familiar word derives from it


blend: a new word formed by joining two others and combining their meanings


portmanteau word: a new word formed by joining two others and combining their meanings


portmanteau: a new word formed by joining two others and combining their meanings


charade: a word acted out in an episode of the game of charades


cognate: a word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language


cognate word: a word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language


content word: a word to which an independent meaning can be assigned


open-class word: a word to which an independent meaning can be assigned


contraction: a word formed from two or more words by omitting or combining some sounds


deictic: a word specifying identity or spatial or temporal location from the perspective of a speaker or hearer in the context in which the communication occurs; - R.Rommetveit


deictic word: a word specifying identity or spatial or temporal location from the perspective of a speaker or hearer in the context in which the communication occurs; - R.Rommetveit


derivative: (linguistics) a word that is derived from another word


diminutive: a word that is formed with a suffix (such as -let or -kin) to indicate smallness


dirty word: a word that is considered to be unmentionable


disyllable: a word having two syllables


dissyllable: a word having two syllables


form: the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something


word form: the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something


signifier: the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something


descriptor: the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something


four-letter word: any of several short English words (often having 4 letters) generally regarded as obscene or offensive


four-letter Anglo-Saxon word: any of several short English words (often having 4 letters) generally regarded as obscene or offensive


function word: a word that is uninflected and serves a grammatical function but has little identifiable meaning


closed-class word: a word that is uninflected and serves a grammatical function but has little identifiable meaning


guide word: a word printed at the top of the page of a dictionary or other reference book to indicate the first or last item on that page


guideword: a word printed at the top of the page of a dictionary or other reference book to indicate the first or last item on that page


catchword: a word printed at the top of the page of a dictionary or other reference book to indicate the first or last item on that page


head: (grammar) the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent


head word: (grammar) the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent


headword: a word placed at the beginning of a line or paragraph (as in a dictionary entry)


headword: a content word that can be qualified by a modifier


head word: a content word that can be qualified by a modifier


heteronym: two words are heteronyms if they are spelled the same way but differ in pronunciation


holonym: a word that names the whole of which a given word is a part


whole name: a word that names the whole of which a given word is a part


homonym: two words are homonyms if they are pronounced or spelled the same way but have different meanings


hypernym: a word that is more generic than a given word


superordinate: a word that is more generic than a given word


superordinate word: a word that is more generic than a given word


hyponym: a word that is more specific than a given word


subordinate: a word that is more specific than a given word


subordinate word: a word that is more specific than a given word


key word: a significant word used in indexing or cataloging


loanblend: a word that is composed of parts from different languages (e.g., `monolingual' has a Greek prefix and a Latin root)


loan-blend: a word that is composed of parts from different languages (e.g., `monolingual' has a Greek prefix and a Latin root)


hybrid: a word that is composed of parts from different languages (e.g., `monolingual' has a Greek prefix and a Latin root)


loanword: a word borrowed from another language; e.g. `blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English


loan: a word borrowed from another language; e.g. `blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English


Latinism: a word or phrase borrowed from Latin


meronym: a word that names a part of a larger whole


part name: a word that names a part of a larger whole


metonym: a word that denotes one thing but refers to a related thing


antigram: an anagram that means the opposite of the original word or phrase


monosyllable: a word or utterance of one syllable


monosyllabic word: a word or utterance of one syllable


neologism: a newly invented word or phrase


neology: a newly invented word or phrase


coinage: a newly invented word or phrase


nonce word: a word with a special meaning used for a special occasion


hapax legomenon: a word with a special meaning used for a special occasion


oxytone: word having stress or an acute accent on the last syllable


palindrome: a word or phrase that reads the same backward as forward


primitive: a word serving as the basis for inflected or derived forms


primitive: a mathematical expression from which another expression is derived


plural: the form of a word that is used to denote more than one


plural form: the form of a word that is used to denote more than one


singular: the form of a word that is used to denote a singleton


singular form: the form of a word that is used to denote a singleton


ghost word: a word form that has entered the language through the perpetuation of an error


root: (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed


root word: (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed


base: (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed


stem: (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed


theme: (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed


radical: (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed


etymon: a simple form inferred as the common basis from which related words in several languages can be derived by linguistic processes


root: a simple form inferred as the common basis from which related words in several languages can be derived by linguistic processes


citation form: the form of a word that heads a lexical entry and is alphabetized in a dictionary


main entry word: the form of a word that heads a lexical entry and is alphabetized in a dictionary


entry word: the form of a word that heads a lexical entry and is alphabetized in a dictionary


lexical entry: the entry in a dictionary of information about a word


dictionary entry: the entry in a dictionary of information about a word


Beatitude: one of the eight sayings of Jesus at the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount; in Latin each saying begins with `beatus' (blessed)


logion: a saying of Jesus that is regarded as authentic although it is not recorded in the Gospels


calque: an expression introduced into one language by translating it from another language


calque formation: an expression introduced into one language by translating it from another language


loan translation: an expression introduced into one language by translating it from another language


paroxytone: word having stress or acute accent on the next to last syllable


partitive: word (such a `some' or `less') that is used to indicate a part as distinct from a whole


polysemant: a word having more than one meaning


polysemantic word: a word having more than one meaning


polysemous word: a word having more than one meaning


polysyllable: a word of more than three syllables


polysyllabic word: a word of more than three syllables


proparoxytone: word having stress or acute accent on the antepenult


quantifier: (grammar) a word that expresses a quantity (as `fifteen' or `many')


quantifier: (logic) a word (such as `some' or `all' or `no') that binds the variables in a logical proposition


logical quantifier: (logic) a word (such as `some' or `all' or `no') that binds the variables in a logical proposition


existential quantifier: a logical quantifier of a proposition that asserts the existence of at least one thing for which the proposition is true


existential operator: a logical quantifier of a proposition that asserts the existence of at least one thing for which the proposition is true


universal quantifier: a logical quantifier of a proposition that asserts that the proposition is true for all members of a class of things


reduplication: a word formed by or containing a repeated syllable or speech sound (usually at the beginning of the word)


retronym: a word introduced because an existing term has become inadequate


substantive: any word or group of words functioning as a noun


synonym: two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context


equivalent word: two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context


term: a word or expression used for some particular thing


terminology: a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline


nomenclature: a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline


language: a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline


trisyllable: a word having three syllables


troponym: a word that denotes a manner of doing something


manner name: a word that denotes a manner of doing something


vocable: a word that is spoken aloud


spoken word: a word that is spoken aloud


syllable: a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme


ultima: the last syllable in a word


penult: the next to last syllable in a word


penultima: the next to last syllable in a word


penultimate: the next to last syllable in a word


antepenult: the 3rd syllable of a word counting back from the end


antepenultima: the 3rd syllable of a word counting back from the end


antepenultimate: the 3rd syllable of a word counting back from the end


jawbreaker: a word that is hard to pronounce


sesquipedalian: a very long word (a foot and a half long)


sesquipedalia: a very long word (a foot and a half long)


reduplication: the syllable added in a reduplicated word form


direct antonym: antonyms that are commonly associated (e.g., `wet' and `dry')


indirect antonym: antonyms whose opposition is mediated (e.g., the antonymy of `wet' and `parched' is mediated by the similarity of `parched' to `dry')


lexeme: a minimal unit (as a word or stem) in the lexicon of a language; `go' and `went' and `gone' and `going' are all members of the English lexeme `go'


morpheme: minimal meaningful language unit; it cannot be divided into smaller meaningful units


formative: minimal language unit that has a syntactic (or morphological) function


allomorph: a variant phonological representation of a morpheme


free morpheme: a morpheme that can occur alone


free form: a morpheme that can occur alone


bound morpheme: a morpheme that occurs only as part of a larger construction; eg an -s at the end of plural nouns


bound form: a morpheme that occurs only as part of a larger construction; eg an -s at the end of plural nouns


combining form: a bound form used only in compounds


affix: a linguistic element added to a word to produce an inflected or derived form


prefix: an affix that is added in front of the word


classifier: a word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts (such as counting) to indicate the semantic class to which the counted item belongs


alpha privative: the negative prefix a- or un-


ending: the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme)


termination: the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme)


suffix: an affix that is added at the end of the word


postfix: an affix that is added at the end of the word


inflectional ending: an inflection that is added at the end of a root word


inflectional suffix: an inflection that is added at the end of a root word


infix: an affix that is inserted inside the word


grammatical category: (grammar) a category of words having the same grammatical properties


syntactic category: (grammar) a category of words having the same grammatical properties


substitution class: the class of all items that can be substituted into the same position (or slot) in a grammatical sentence (are in paradigmatic relation with one another)


paradigm: the class of all items that can be substituted into the same position (or slot) in a grammatical sentence (are in paradigmatic relation with one another)


subject: (grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated


subject: (logic) the first term of a proposition


object: (grammar) a constituent that is acted upon


prepositional object: the object governed by a preposition


object of a preposition: the object governed by a preposition


direct object: the object that receives the direct action of the verb


object of the verb: the object that receives the direct action of the verb


indirect object: the object that is the recipient or beneficiary of the action of the verb


retained object: an object in a passive construction


case: nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence


grammatical case: nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence


nominative: the category of nouns serving as the grammatical subject of a verb


nominative case: the category of nouns serving as the grammatical subject of a verb


subject case: the category of nouns serving as the grammatical subject of a verb


oblique: any grammatical case other than the nominative


oblique case: any grammatical case other than the nominative


accusative: the case of nouns serving as the direct object of a verb


accusative case: the case of nouns serving as the direct object of a verb


objective case: the case of nouns serving as the direct object of a verb


dative: the category of nouns serving as the indirect object of a verb


dative case: the category of nouns serving as the indirect object of a verb


genitive: the case expressing ownership


genitive case: the case expressing ownership


possessive: the case expressing ownership


possessive case: the case expressing ownership


attributive genitive: a word in the genitive case that is used as an attributive adjective


attributive genitive case: a word in the genitive case that is used as an attributive adjective


vocative: the case (in some inflected languages) used when the referent of the noun is being addressed


vocative case: the case (in some inflected languages) used when the referent of the noun is being addressed


ablative: the case indicating the agent in passive sentences or the instrument or manner or place of the action described by the verb


ablative case: the case indicating the agent in passive sentences or the instrument or manner or place of the action described by the verb


ablative absolute: a constituent in Latin grammar; a noun and its modifier can function as a sentence modifier


adjunct: a construction that can be used to extend the meaning of a word or phrase but is not one of the main constituents of a sentence


constituent: (grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction


grammatical constituent: (grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction


immediate constituent: a constituent of a sentence at the first step in an analysis: e.g., subject and predicate


syntagma: a syntactic string of words that forms a part of some larger syntactic unit


syntagm: a syntactic string of words that forms a part of some larger syntactic unit


construction: a group of words that form a constituent of a sentence and are considered as a single unit


grammatical construction: a group of words that form a constituent of a sentence and are considered as a single unit


expression: a group of words that form a constituent of a sentence and are considered as a single unit


misconstruction: an ungrammatical constituent


clause: (grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence


main clause: a clause in a complex sentence that can stand alone as a complete sentence


independent clause: a clause in a complex sentence that can stand alone as a complete sentence


coordinate clause: a clause in a complex sentence that is grammatically equivalent to the main clause and that performs the same grammatical function


subordinate clause: a clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb


dependent clause: a clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb


relative clause: a clause introduced by a relative pronoun


restrictive clause: a subordinate clause that limits or restricts the meaning of the noun phrase it modifies


nonrestrictive clause: a subordinate clause that does not limit or restrict the meaning of the noun phrase it modifies


descriptive clause: a subordinate clause that does not limit or restrict the meaning of the noun phrase it modifies


complement: a word or phrase used to complete a grammatical construction


involution: a long and intricate and complicated grammatical construction


parenthetical expression: an expression in parentheses


parenthetical: an expression in parentheses


phrase: an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence


predicator: an expression that predicates


noun phrase: a phrase that can function as the subject or object of a verb


nominal phrase: a phrase that can function as the subject or object of a verb


nominal: a phrase that can function as the subject or object of a verb


predicate: one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements


verb phrase: one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements


predicate: (logic) what is predicated of the subject of a proposition; the second term in a proposition is predicated of the first term by means of the copula


split infinitive: an infinitive with an adverb between `to' and the verb (e.g., `to boldly go')


prepositional phrase: a phrase beginning with a preposition


pronominal phrase: a phrase that functions as a pronoun


pronominal: a phrase that functions as a pronoun


part of speech: one of the traditional categories of words intended to reflect their functions in a grammatical context


form class: one of the traditional categories of words intended to reflect their functions in a grammatical context


word class: one of the traditional categories of words intended to reflect their functions in a grammatical context


major form class: any of the major parts of speech of traditional grammar


noun: the word class that can serve as the subject or object of a verb, the object of a preposition, or in apposition


verb: the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence


gerund: a noun formed from a verb (such as the `-ing' form of an English verb when used as a noun)


auxiliary verb: a verb that combines with another verb in a verb phrase to help form tense, mood, voice, or condition of the verb it combines with


modal auxiliary verb: an auxiliary verb (such as `can' or `will') that is used to express modality


modal auxiliary: an auxiliary verb (such as `can' or `will') that is used to express modality


modal verb: an auxiliary verb (such as `can' or `will') that is used to express modality


modal: an auxiliary verb (such as `can' or `will') that is used to express modality


infinitive: the uninflected form of the verb


adjective: the word class that qualifies nouns


adverb: the word class that qualifies verbs or clauses


noun: a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action


collective noun: a noun that is singular in form but refers to a group of people or things


mass noun: a noun that does not form plurals


count noun: a noun that forms plurals


generic noun: a noun that does not specify either masculine or feminine gender


proper noun: a noun that denotes a particular thing; usually capitalized


proper name: a noun that denotes a particular thing; usually capitalized


common noun: a noun that denotes any or all members of a class


verbal noun: a noun that is derived from a verb


deverbal noun: a noun that is derived from a verb


adnoun: an adjective used as a noun


verb: a content word that denotes an action, occurrence, or state of existence


modifier: a content word that qualifies the meaning of a noun or verb


qualifier: a content word that qualifies the meaning of a noun or verb


intensifier: a modifier that has little meaning except to intensify the meaning it modifies


intensive: a modifier that has little meaning except to intensify the meaning it modifies


adjective: a word that expresses an attribute of something


descriptive adjective: an adjective that ascribes to its noun the value of an attribute of that noun (e.g., `a nervous person' or `a musical speaking voice')


qualifying adjective: an adjective that ascribes to its noun the value of an attribute of that noun (e.g., `a nervous person' or `a musical speaking voice')


relational adjective: an adjective that classifies its noun (e.g., `a nervous disease' or `a musical instrument')


classifying adjective: an adjective that classifies its noun (e.g., `a nervous disease' or `a musical instrument')


pertainym: meaning relating to or pertaining to


positive: the primary form of an adjective or adverb; denotes a quality without qualification, comparison, or relation to increase or diminution


positive degree: the primary form of an adjective or adverb; denotes a quality without qualification, comparison, or relation to increase or diminution


comparative: the comparative form of an adjective or adverb


comparative degree: the comparative form of an adjective or adverb


superlative: the superlative form of an adjective or adverb


superlative degree: the superlative form of an adjective or adverb


adverb: a word that modifies something other than a noun


dangling modifier: a word or phrase apparently modifying an unintended word because of its placement in a sentence: e.g., `when young' in `when young, circuses appeal to all of us'


misplaced modifier: a word or phrase apparently modifying an unintended word because of its placement in a sentence: e.g., `when young' in `when young, circuses appeal to all of us'


dangling participle: a participle (usually at the beginning of a sentence) apparently modifying a word other than the word intended: e.g., `flying across the country' in `flying across the country the Rockies came into view'


adverbial: a word or group of words function as an adverb


determiner: one of a limited class of noun modifiers that determine the referents of noun phrases


determinative: one of a limited class of noun modifiers that determine the referents of noun phrases


article: (grammar) a determiner that may indicate the specificity of reference of a noun phrase


definite article: a determiner (as `the' in English) that indicates specificity of reference


indefinite article: a determiner (as `a' or `some' in English) that indicates nonspecific reference


preposition: a function word that combines with a noun or pronoun or noun phrase to form a prepositional phrase that can have an adverbial or adjectival relation to some other word


pronoun: a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase


anaphoric pronoun: a pronoun that refers to an antecedent


demonstrative pronoun: a pronoun that points out an intended referent


demonstrative: a pronoun that points out an intended referent


conjunction: an uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences


conjunctive: an uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences


connective: an uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences


continuative: an uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences


coordinating conjunction: a conjunction (like `and' or `or') that connects two identically constructed grammatical constituents


subordinating conjunction: a conjunction (like `since' or `that' or `who') that introduces a dependent clause


subordinate conjunction: a conjunction (like `since' or `that' or `who') that introduces a dependent clause


particle: a function word that can be used in English to form phrasal verbs


number: the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural)


person: a grammatical category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms according to whether they indicate the speaker, the addressee, or a third party


personal pronoun: a pronoun expressing a distinction of person


reciprocal pronoun: a pronoun or pronominal phrase (as `each other') that expresses a mutual action or relationship between the individuals indicated in the plural subject


relative pronoun: a pronoun (as `that' or `which' or `who') that introduces a relative clause referring to some antecedent


first person: pronouns and verbs used to refer to the speaker or writer of the language in which they occur


second person: pronouns and verbs used to refer to the person addressed by the language in which they occur


third person: pronouns and verbs that are used to refer to something other than the speaker or addressee of the language in which they occur


reflexive pronoun: a personal pronoun compounded with -self to show the agent's action affects the agent


reflexive: a personal pronoun compounded with -self to show the agent's action affects the agent


reflexive verb: a verb whose agent performs an action that is directed at the agent


gender: a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness


grammatical gender: a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness


feminine: a gender that refers chiefly (but not exclusively) to females or to objects classified as female


masculine: a gender that refers chiefly (but not exclusively) to males or to objects classified as male


neuter: a gender that refers chiefly (but not exclusively) to inanimate objects (neither masculine nor feminine)


tense: a grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctions of time


present: a verb tense that expresses actions or states at the time of speaking


present tense: a verb tense that expresses actions or states at the time of speaking


historical present: the use of the present tense to describe past actions or states


aorist: a verb tense in some languages (classical Greek and Sanskrit) expressing action (especially past action) without indicating its completion or continuation


past: a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past


past tense: a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past


future: a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future


future tense: a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future


participle: a non-finite form of the verb; in English it is used adjectivally and to form compound tenses


participial: a non-finite form of the verb; in English it is used adjectivally and to form compound tenses


phrasal verb: an English verb followed by one or more particles where the combination behaves as a syntactic and semantic unit


present participle: a participle expressing present action; in English is formed by adding -ing


past participle: a participle that expresses completed action


perfect participle: a participle that expresses completed action


transitive verb: a verb (or verb construction) that requires an object in order to be grammatical


transitive verb form: a verb (or verb construction) that requires an object in order to be grammatical


transitive: a verb (or verb construction) that requires an object in order to be grammatical


doubly transitive verb: a transitive verb that takes both a direct and an indirect object


doubly transitive verb form: a transitive verb that takes both a direct and an indirect object


intransitive verb: a verb (or verb construction) that does not take an object


intransitive verb form: a verb (or verb construction) that does not take an object


intransitive: a verb (or verb construction) that does not take an object


semantic role: (linguistics) the underlying relation that a constituent has with the main verb in a clause


participant role: (linguistics) the underlying relation that a constituent has with the main verb in a clause


affected role: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


patient role: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


patient: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


agentive role: the semantic role of the animate entity that instigates or causes the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


agent: the semantic role of the animate entity that instigates or causes the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


benefactive role: the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


beneficiary: the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


instrumental role: the semantic role of the entity (usually inanimate) that the agent uses to perform an action or start a process


instrument: the semantic role of the entity (usually inanimate) that the agent uses to perform an action or start a process


locative role: the semantic role of the noun phrase that designates the place of the state or action denoted by the verb


locative: the semantic role of the noun phrase that designates the place of the state or action denoted by the verb


recipient role: the semantic role of the animate entity that is passively involved in the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


recipient: the semantic role of the animate entity that is passively involved in the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


resultant role: the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause


result: the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause


temporal role: the semantic role of the noun phrase that designates the time of the state or action denoted by the verb


temporal: the semantic role of the noun phrase that designates the time of the state or action denoted by the verb


name: a language unit by which a person or thing is known


agnomen: an additional name or an epithet appended to a name (as in `Ferdinand the Great')


assumed name: (law) a name under which a corporation conducts business that is not the legal name of the corporation as shown in its articles of incorporation


fictitious name: (law) a name under which a corporation conducts business that is not the legal name of the corporation as shown in its articles of incorporation


Doing Business As: (law) a name under which a corporation conducts business that is not the legal name of the corporation as shown in its articles of incorporation


DBA: (law) a name under which a corporation conducts business that is not the legal name of the corporation as shown in its articles of incorporation


eponym: the name derived from a person (real or imaginary)


eponym: the person for whom something is named


extension: a string of characters beginning with a period and followed by one or more letters; the optional second part of a PC computer filename


filename extension: a string of characters beginning with a period and followed by one or more letters; the optional second part of a PC computer filename


file name extension: a string of characters beginning with a period and followed by one or more letters; the optional second part of a PC computer filename


filename: (computer science) the name given to a computer file in order to distinguish it from other files; may contain an extension that indicates the type of file


file name: (computer science) the name given to a computer file in order to distinguish it from other files; may contain an extension that indicates the type of file


computer filename: (computer science) the name given to a computer file in order to distinguish it from other files; may contain an extension that indicates the type of file


computer file name: (computer science) the name given to a computer file in order to distinguish it from other files; may contain an extension that indicates the type of file


patronymic: a family name derived from name of your father or a paternal ancestor (especially with an affix (such as -son in English or O'- in Irish) added to the name of your father or a paternal ancestor)


patronym: a family name derived from name of your father or a paternal ancestor (especially with an affix (such as -son in English or O'- in Irish) added to the name of your father or a paternal ancestor)


matronymic: a name derived from the name of your mother or a maternal ancestor


metronymic: a name derived from the name of your mother or a maternal ancestor


street name: the name of a street


street name: the name of a brokerage firm in which stock is held on behalf of a customer


street name: slang for something (especially for an illegal drug)


street name: an alternative name that a person chooses or is given (especially in inner city neighborhoods)


surname: the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)


family name: the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)


cognomen: the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)


last name: the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)


maiden name: a woman's surname before marriage


middle name: a name between your first name and your surname


first name: the name that precedes the surname


given name: the name that precedes the surname


forename: the name that precedes the surname


Christian name: the first name given to Christians at birth or christening


baptismal name: the first name given to Christians at birth or christening


praenomen: the first name of a citizen of ancient Rome


nickname: a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)


moniker: a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)


cognomen: a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)


sobriquet: a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)


soubriquet: a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)


byname: a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)


nickname: a descriptive name for a place or thing


alias: a name that has been assumed temporarily


assumed name: a name that has been assumed temporarily


false name: a name that has been assumed temporarily


pseudonym: a fictitious name used when the person performs a particular social role


anonym: a fictitious name used when the person performs a particular social role


nom de guerre: a fictitious name used when the person performs a particular social role


misnomer: an incorrect or unsuitable name


stage name: the pseudonym of an actor


pen name: an author's pseudonym


nom de plume: an author's pseudonym


writer's name: the name that appears on the by-line to identify the author of a work


author's name: the name that appears on the by-line to identify the author of a work


appellation: identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others


denomination: identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others


designation: identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others


appellative: identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others


pet name: a name of endearment (especially one using a diminutive suffix)


hypocorism: a name of endearment (especially one using a diminutive suffix)


title: an identifying appellation signifying status or function: e.g. `Mr.' or `General'


title of respect: an identifying appellation signifying status or function: e.g. `Mr.' or `General'


form of address: an identifying appellation signifying status or function: e.g. `Mr.' or `General'


Aga: title for a civil or military leader (especially in Turkey)


Agha: title for a civil or military leader (especially in Turkey)


Defender of the Faith: a title that Leo X bestowed on Henry VIII and later withdrew; parliament restored the title and it has been used by English sovereigns ever since


Don: a Spanish courtesy title or form of address for men that is prefixed to the forename


Dona: a Spanish courtesy title or form of address for a woman


Frau: a German courtesy title or form of address for an adult woman


Fraulein: a German courtesy title or form of address for an unmarried woman


Hakham: a Hebrew title of respect for a wise and highly educated man


Herr: a German courtesy title or form of address for a man


Miss: a form of address for an unmarried woman


Mister: a form of address for a man


Mr: a form of address for a man


Mr.: a form of address for a man


Mrs: a form of address for a married woman


Mrs.: a form of address for a married woman


Ms: a form of address for a woman


Ms.: a form of address for a woman


Rabbi: a Hebrew title of respect for a Jewish scholar or teacher


Reverend: a title of respect for a clergyman


Senor: a Spanish title or form of address for a man; similar to the English `Mr' or `sir'


Senora: a Spanish title or form of address for a married woman; similar to the English `Mrs' or `madam'


Senorita: a Spanish title or form of address used to or of an unmarried girl or woman; similar to the English `Miss'


Signora: an Italian title or form of address for a married woman


Signorina: an Italian title or form of address for an unmarried woman


Very Reverend: a title of respect for various ecclesiastical officials (as cathedral deans and canons and others)


Lordship: a title used to address any British peer except a duke and extended to a bishop or a judge


Ladyship: a title used to address any peeress except a duchess


title: an appellation signifying nobility


baronetcy: the title of a baron


viscountcy: the title of a viscount


title: the name of a work of art or literary composition etc.


place name: the name by which a geographical place is known


toponym: the name by which a geographical place is known


heading: a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about


header: a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about


head: a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about


crossheading: a heading of a subsection printed within the body of the text


crosshead: a heading of a subsection printed within the body of the text


headline: the heading or caption of a newspaper article


newspaper headline: the heading or caption of a newspaper article


lemma: the heading that indicates the subject of an annotation or a literary composition or a dictionary entry


masthead: the title of a newspaper or magazine; usually printed on the front page and on the editorial page


rubric: a title or heading that is printed in red or in a special type


running head: a heading printed at the top of every page (or every other page) of a book


running headline: a heading printed at the top of every page (or every other page) of a book


subheading: a heading of a subdivision of a text


subhead: a heading of a subdivision of a text


running title: the title (or a shortened title) of a book used as a running head


dropline: a headline with the top line flush left and succeeding lines indented to the right


drop line: a headline with the top line flush left and succeeding lines indented to the right


stepped line: a headline with the top line flush left and succeeding lines indented to the right


stagger head: a headline with the top line flush left and succeeding lines indented to the right


staggered head: a headline with the top line flush left and succeeding lines indented to the right


stephead: a headline with the top line flush left and succeeding lines indented to the right


screamer: a sensational newspaper headline


streamer: a newspaper headline that runs across the full page


banner: a newspaper headline that runs across the full page


title: a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with


statute title: a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with


rubric: a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with


title: (usually plural) written material introduced into a movie or TV show to give credits or represent dialogue or explain an action


title: a general or descriptive heading for a section of a written work


credit: an entry on a list of persons who contributed to a film or written work


caption: brief description accompanying an illustration


legend: brief description accompanying an illustration


subtitle: secondary or explanatory title


mistranslation: an incorrect translation


pony: a literal translation used in studying a foreign language (often used illicitly)


trot: a literal translation used in studying a foreign language (often used illicitly)


crib: a literal translation used in studying a foreign language (often used illicitly)


retroversion: translation back into the original language


subtitle: translation of foreign dialogue of a movie or TV program; usually displayed at the bottom of the screen


caption: translation of foreign dialogue of a movie or TV program; usually displayed at the bottom of the screen


supertitle: translation of the words of a foreign opera (or choral work) projected on a screen above the stage


surtitle: translation of the words of a foreign opera (or choral work) projected on a screen above the stage


line of poetry: a single line of words in a poem


line of verse: a single line of words in a poem


acatalectic: (prosody) a line of verse that has the full number of syllables


Alexandrine: (prosody) a line of verse that has six iambic feet


catalectic: (prosody) a line of verse that lacks a syllable in the last metrical foot


hypercatalectic: (prosody) a line of poetry having an extra syllable or syllables at the end of the last metrical foot


by-line: a line giving the name of the writer of a story or article


credit line: a line giving the name of the writer of a story or article


dateline: a line at the beginning of a news article giving the date and place of origin of the news dispatch


written communication: communication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten)


written language: communication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten)


black and white: communication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten)


transcription: something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation


written text: something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation


transliteration: a transcription from one alphabet to another


phonetic transcription: a transcription intended to represent each distinct speech sound with a separate symbol


shorthand: a method of writing rapidly


stenography: a method of writing rapidly


tachygraphy: a method of writing rapidly


longhand: rapid handwriting in which letters are set down in full and are cursively connected within words without lifting the writing implement from the paper


running hand: rapid handwriting in which letters are set down in full and are cursively connected within words without lifting the writing implement from the paper


cursive: rapid handwriting in which letters are set down in full and are cursively connected within words without lifting the writing implement from the paper


cursive script: rapid handwriting in which letters are set down in full and are cursively connected within words without lifting the writing implement from the paper


minuscule: a small cursive script developed from uncial between the 7th and 9th centuries and used in medieval manuscripts


copperplate: a graceful style of handwriting based on the writing used on copperplate engravings


italic: a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right


round hand: a clearly written style of longhand with large round curves


orthography: a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols


writing system: a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols


script: a particular orthography or writing system


Aramaic: an alphabetical (or perhaps syllabic) script used since the 9th century BC to write the Aramaic language; many other scripts were subsequently derived from it


Aramaic script: an alphabetical (or perhaps syllabic) script used since the 9th century BC to write the Aramaic language; many other scripts were subsequently derived from it


Armenian: a writing system having an alphabet of 38 letters in which the Armenian language is written


Armenian alphabet: a writing system having an alphabet of 38 letters in which the Armenian language is written


Avestan: the script in which the ancient Persian language of the Avesta is written


Babylonian: the ideographic and syllabic writing system in which the ancient Babylonian language was written


Brahmi: a script (probably adapted from the Aramaic about the 7th century BC) from which later Indian scripts developed


Devanagari: a syllabic script used in writing Sanskrit and Hindi


Devanagari script: a syllabic script used in writing Sanskrit and Hindi


Nagari: a syllabic script used in writing Sanskrit and Hindi


Nagari script: a syllabic script used in writing Sanskrit and Hindi


Pahlavi: the script (derived from the Aramaic alphabet) used to write the Pahlavi language


Uighur: the script (derived from Aramaic) used to write the Uighur language


Uigur: the script (derived from Aramaic) used to write the Uighur language


Uygur: the script (derived from Aramaic) used to write the Uighur language


uncial: a style of orthography characterized by somewhat rounded capital letters; found especially in Greek and Latin manuscripts of the 4th to 8th centuries


spelling: forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage


misspelling: a spelling that is incorrect


coding system: a system of signals used to represent letters or numbers in transmitting messages


code: a coding system used for transmitting messages requiring brevity or secrecy


access: a code (a series of characters or digits) that must be entered in some way (typed or dialed or spoken) to get the use of something (a telephone line or a computer or a local area network etc.)


access code: a code (a series of characters or digits) that must be entered in some way (typed or dialed or spoken) to get the use of something (a telephone line or a computer or a local area network etc.)


back door: an undocumented way to get access to a computer system or the data it contains


backdoor: an undocumented way to get access to a computer system or the data it contains


area code: a number usually of 3 digits assigned to a telephone area as in the United States and Canada


bar code: code consisting of a series of vertical bars of variable width that are scanned by a laser; printed on consumer product packages to identify the item for a computer that provides the price and registers inventory information


Universal Product Code: code consisting of a series of vertical bars of variable width that are scanned by a laser; printed on consumer product packages to identify the item for a computer that provides the price and registers inventory information


color code: system using colors to designate classifications


cryptogram: a piece of writing in code or cipher


cryptograph: a piece of writing in code or cipher


secret writing: a piece of writing in code or cipher


cipher: a secret method of writing


cypher: a secret method of writing


cryptograph: a secret method of writing


secret code: a secret method of writing


Morse: a telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented by strings of dots and dashes (short and long signals)


Morse code: a telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented by strings of dots and dashes (short and long signals)


international Morse code: a telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented by strings of dots and dashes (short and long signals)


ZIP code: a code of letters and digits added to a postal address to aid in the sorting of mail


ZIP: a code of letters and digits added to a postal address to aid in the sorting of mail


postcode: a code of letters and digits added to a postal address to aid in the sorting of mail


postal code: a code of letters and digits added to a postal address to aid in the sorting of mail


code: (computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions


computer code: (computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions


argument: (computer science) a reference or value that is passed to a function, procedure, subroutine, command, or program


parameter: (computer science) a reference or value that is passed to a function, procedure, subroutine, command, or program


address: (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored


computer address: (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored


reference: (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored


American Standard Code for Information Interchange: (computer science) a code for information exchange between computers made by different companies; a string of 7 binary digits represents each character; used in most microcomputers


ASCII: (computer science) a code for information exchange between computers made by different companies; a string of 7 binary digits represents each character; used in most microcomputers


ASCII character set: (computer science) 128 characters that make up the ASCII coding scheme


binary code: code using a string of 8 binary digits to represent characters


error correction code: (telecommunication) a coding system that incorporates extra parity bits in order to detect errors


ECC: (telecommunication) a coding system that incorporates extra parity bits in order to detect errors


cyclic redundancy check: an error correction code that is recorded in each sector of a magnetic disk and used to catch errors in the data


firmware: (computer science) coded instructions that are stored permanently in read-only memory


microcode: (computer science) coded instructions that are stored permanently in read-only memory


machine code: a set of instructions coded so that the computer can use it directly without further translation


machine language: a set of instructions coded so that the computer can use it directly without further translation


object code: the machine-language output of a compiler that is ready for execution on a particular computer


operation code: the portion of a set of operation descriptions that specifies the operation to be performed; the set of operations in a computer


order code: the portion of a set of operation descriptions that specifies the operation to be performed; the set of operations in a computer


source code: program instructions written as an ASCII text file; must be translated by a compiler or interpreter or assembler into the object code for a particular computer before execution


URL: the address of a web page on the world wide web


uniform resource locator: the address of a web page on the world wide web


universal resource locator: the address of a web page on the world wide web


web page: a document connected to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the internet who has a web browser


webpage: a document connected to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the internet who has a web browser


home page: the opening page of a web site


homepage: the opening page of a web site


web site: a computer connected to the internet that maintains a series of web pages on the World Wide Web


website: a computer connected to the internet that maintains a series of web pages on the World Wide Web


internet site: a computer connected to the internet that maintains a series of web pages on the World Wide Web


site: a computer connected to the internet that maintains a series of web pages on the World Wide Web


chat room: a site on the internet where a number of users can communicate in real time (typically one dedicated to a particular topic)


chatroom: a site on the internet where a number of users can communicate in real time (typically one dedicated to a particular topic)


portal site: a site that the owner positions as an entrance to other sites on the internet


portal: a site that the owner positions as an entrance to other sites on the internet


writing: letters or symbols that are written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language


written word: the written form of a word


bigram: a word that is written with two letters in an alphabetic writing system


trigram: a word that is written with three letters in an alphabetic writing system


tetragram: a word that is written with four letters in an alphabetic writing system


Tetragrammaton: four Hebrew letters usually transliterated as YHWH (Yahweh) or JHVH (Jehovah) signifying the Hebrew name for God which the Jews regarded as too holy to pronounce


picture writing: a writing system using pictographs


alphabetic writing: a writing system based on alphabetic characters


alphabetic script: a writing system based on alphabetic characters


boustrophedon: an ancient writing system: having alternate lines written in opposite directions; literally `as the ox ploughs'


cuneiform: an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia


syllabary: a writing system whose characters represent syllables


syllabic script: a writing system whose characters represent syllables


Linear A: an undeciphered writing system used in Crete in the 17th century B.C.


Linear B: a syllabic script used in Greece in the 13th century B.C.


ideography: the use of ideograms in writing


hieratic: a cursive form of Egyptian hieroglyphics; used especially by the priests


hieratic script: a cursive form of Egyptian hieroglyphics; used especially by the priests


hieroglyph: a writing system using picture symbols; used in ancient Egypt


hieroglyphic: a writing system using picture symbols; used in ancient Egypt


point system: a system of writing or printing using patterns of raised dots that can be read by touch


braille: a point system of writing in which patterns of raised dots represent letters and numerals


writing: the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect)


written material: the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect)


piece of writing: the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect)


writing: (usually plural) the collected work of an author


patristics: the writings of the early Church Fathers


patrology: the writings of the early Church Fathers


rewrite: something that has been written again


revision: something that has been written again


rescript: something that has been written again


literary composition: imaginative or creative writing


literary work: imaginative or creative writing


literature: creative writing of recognized artistic value


literature: published writings in a particular style on a particular subject


historiography: a body of historical literature


matter: written works (especially in books or magazines)


prescription: written instructions from a physician or dentist to a druggist concerning the form and dosage of a drug to be issued to a given patient


prescription: written instructions for an optician on the lenses for a given person


acrostic: verse in which certain letters such as the first in each line form a word or message


belles-lettres: creative writing valued for esthetic content


belles lettres: creative writing valued for esthetic content


dialogue: a literary composition in the form of a conversation between two people


dialog: a literary composition in the form of a conversation between two people


allegory: an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor


euphuism: an elegant style of prose of the Elizabethan period; characterized by balance and antithesis and alliteration and extended similes with and allusions to nature and mythology


fiction: a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact


fictionalization: a literary work based partly or wholly on fact but written as if it were fiction


fictionalisation: a literary work based partly or wholly on fact but written as if it were fiction


nonfiction: prose writing that is not fictional


nonfictional prose: prose writing that is not fictional


dystopia: a work of fiction describing an imaginary place where life is extremely bad because of deprivation or oppression or terror


novel: an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story


detective novel: novel in which the reader is challenged to solve a puzzle before the detective explains it at the end


mystery novel: novel in which the reader is challenged to solve a puzzle before the detective explains it at the end


dime novel: a melodramatic paperback novel


penny dreadful: a melodramatic paperback novel


fantasy: fiction with a large amount of imagination in it


phantasy: fiction with a large amount of imagination in it


science fiction: literary fantasy involving the imagined impact of science on society


cyberpunk: a genre of fast-paced science fiction involving oppressive futuristic computerized societies


novelette: a short novel


novella: a short novel


roman a clef: a novel in which actual persons and events are disguised as fictional characters


romance: a novel dealing with idealized events remote from everyday life


Gothic romance: a romance that deals with desolate and mysterious and grotesque events


bodice ripper: a romantic novel containing scenes in which the heroine is sexually violated


roman fleuve: a French novel in the form of a long chronicle of a family or other social group


story: a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events


utopia: a work of fiction describing a utopia


adventure story: a story of an adventure


heroic tale: a story of an adventure


thriller: a suspenseful adventure story or play or movie


saga: a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account


mystery: a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie


mystery story: a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie


whodunit: a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie


detective story: a narrative about someone who investigates crimes and obtains evidence leading to their resolution


murder mystery: a narrative about a murder and how the murderer is discovered


love story: a story dealing with love


romance: a story dealing with love


legend: a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events


fable: a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events


Arthurian legend: the legend of King Arthur and his court at Camelot


short story: a prose narrative shorter than a novel


fable: a short moral story (often with animal characters)


parable: a short moral story (often with animal characters)


allegory: a short moral story (often with animal characters)


apologue: a short moral story (often with animal characters)


Aesop's fables: a collection of fables believed to have been written by the Greek storyteller Aesop


Pilgrim's Progress: an allegory written by John Bunyan in 1678


myth: a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people


Gotterdammerung: myth about the ultimate destruction of the gods in a battle with evil


Ragnarok: myth about the ultimate destruction of the gods in a battle with evil


Twilight of the Gods: myth about the ultimate destruction of the gods in a battle with evil


parable: (New Testament) any of the stories told by Jesus to convey his religious message


plot: the story that is told in a novel or play or movie etc.


action: the series of events that form a plot


storyline: the plot of a book or play or film


plot line: the plot of a book or play or film


climax: the decisive moment in a novel or play


culmination: the decisive moment in a novel or play


anticlimax: a change from a serious subject to a disappointing one


bathos: a change from a serious subject to a disappointing one


tearjerker: an excessively sentimental narrative


interior monologue: a literary genre that presents a fictional character's sequence of thoughts in the form of a monologue


stream of consciousness: a literary genre that reveals a character's thoughts and feeling as they develop by means of a long soliloquy


criticism: a written evaluation of a work of literature


literary criticism: a written evaluation of a work of literature


explication de texte: a method of literary criticism that analyzes details of a text in order to reveal its structure and meaning


textual criticism: comparison of a particular text with related materials in order to establish authenticity


new criticism: literary criticism based on close analysis of the text


higher criticism: the scientific study of biblical writings to determine their origin and meaning


lower criticism: the study of existing manuscripts of the Scriptures in order to determine the original text


Masorah: a vast body of textual criticism of the Hebrew Scriptures including notes on features of writing and on the occurrence of certain words and on variant sources and instructions for pronunciation and other comments that were written between AD 600 and 900 by Jewish scribes in the margins or at the end of texts


Masora: a vast body of textual criticism of the Hebrew Scriptures including notes on features of writing and on the occurrence of certain words and on variant sources and instructions for pronunciation and other comments that were written between AD 600 and 900 by Jewish scribes in the margins or at the end of texts


analysis: a form of literary criticism in which the structure of a piece of writing is analyzed


drama: the literary genre of works intended for the theater


prose: ordinary writing as distinguished from verse


prose poem: prose that resembles poetry


polyphonic prose: a rhythmical prose employing the poetic devices of alliteration and assonance


hagiology: literature narrating the lives (and legends) of the saints


lucubration: a solemn literary work that is the product of laborious cogitation


pastoral: a literary work idealizing the rural life (especially the life of shepherds)


poem: a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines


verse form: a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines


abecedarius: a poem having lines beginning with letters of the alphabet in regular order


Alcaic: verse in the meter used in Greek and Latin poetry consisting of strophes of 4 tetrametric lines; reputedly invented by Alcaeus


Alcaic verse: verse in the meter used in Greek and Latin poetry consisting of strophes of 4 tetrametric lines; reputedly invented by Alcaeus


ballad: a narrative poem of popular origin


lay: a narrative poem of popular origin


ballade: a poem consisting of 3 stanzas and an envoy


blank verse: unrhymed verse (usually in iambic pentameter)


clerihew: a witty satiric verse containing two rhymed couplets and mentioning a famous person


couplet: a stanza consisting of two successive lines of verse; usually rhymed


dithyramb: (ancient Greece) a passionate hymn (usually in honor of Dionysus)


doggerel: a comic verse of irregular measure


doggerel verse: a comic verse of irregular measure


jingle: a comic verse of irregular measure


eclogue: a short poem descriptive of rural or pastoral life


bucolic: a short poem descriptive of rural or pastoral life


idyll: a short poem descriptive of rural or pastoral life


idyl: a short poem descriptive of rural or pastoral life


elegy: a mournful poem; a lament for the dead


lament: a mournful poem; a lament for the dead


epic poem: a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds


heroic poem: a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds


epic: a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds