nolle prosequi: an entry in the court record to the effect that the plaintiff or prosecutor will not proceed


nol pros: an entry in the court record to the effect that the plaintiff or prosecutor will not proceed


notebook entry: an entry in a notebook


transcript: a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)


copy: a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)


memorabilia: a record of things worth remembering


jotting: a brief (and hurriedly handwritten) note


jot: a brief (and hurriedly handwritten) note


marginalia: notes written in the margin


scholium: a marginal note written by a scholiast (a commentator on ancient or classical literature)


scholia: a marginal note written by a scholiast (a commentator on ancient or classical literature)


memo: a written proposal or reminder


memorandum: a written proposal or reminder


memoranda: a written proposal or reminder


minute: a short note


aide-memoire: a memorandum summarizing the items of an agreement (used especially in diplomatic communications)


position paper: a memorandum summarizing the items of an agreement (used especially in diplomatic communications)


corker: (dated slang) a remarkable or excellent thing or person


reminder: a message that helps you remember something


check register: a register of checks issued (usually in numeric order)


register: an official written record of names or events or transactions


registry: an official written record of names or events or transactions


studbook: official record of the pedigree of purebred animals especially horses


rent-roll: a register of rents; includes the names of tenants and the amount of rent they pay


won-lost record: (sports) a record of win versus losses


blue book: a register of persons who are socially prominent


stub: the part of a check that is retained as a record


check stub: the part of a check that is retained as a record


counterfoil: the part of a check that is retained as a record


card: (golf) a record of scores (as in golf)


scorecard: (golf) a record of scores (as in golf)


minutes: a written account of what transpired at a meeting


proceedings: a written account of what transpired at a meeting


transactions: a written account of what transpired at a meeting


minute book: a book in which minutes have been written


Congressional Record: a published written account of the speeches and debates and votes of the United States Congress


Hansard: the official published verbatim report of the proceedings of a parliamentary body; originally of the British Parliament


file: a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together


data file: a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together


Combined DNA Index System: the DNA file maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation


computer file: (computer science) a file maintained in computer-readable form


backup file: (computer science) a computer file dedicated to storing and updating computer backups


binary file: (computer science) a computer file containing machine-readable information that must be read by an application; characters use all 8 bits of each byte


master file: (computer science) a computer file that is used as the authority in a given job and that is relatively permanent


main file: (computer science) a computer file that is used as the authority in a given job and that is relatively permanent


disk file: (computer science) a computer file stored on a magnetic disk and identified by a unique label


transaction file: (computer science) a computer file containing relatively transient data about a particular data processing task


detail file: (computer science) a computer file containing relatively transient data about a particular data processing task


input file: (computer science) a computer file that contains data that serve as input to a device or program


input data: (computer science) a computer file that contains data that serve as input to a device or program


output file: (computer science) a computer file that contains data that are the output of a device or program


read-only file: (computer science) a file that you can read but cannot change


text file: (computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters


document: (computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters


ASCII text file: a text file that contains only ASCII characters without special formatting


mug file: a file of mug shots (pictures of criminals that are kept on file by the police)


mug book: a file of mug shots (pictures of criminals that are kept on file by the police)


resignation: a formal document giving notice of your intention to resign


abdication: the act of abdicating


stepping down: the act of abdicating


resolution: a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote


declaration: a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote


resolve: a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote


Declaration of Independence: the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain


joint resolution: a resolution passed by both houses of Congress which becomes legally binding when signed by the Chief Executive (or passed over the Chief Executive's veto)


application: a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school


job application: an application for a job


credit application: an application for a line of credit


loan application: an application to borrow money


mortgage application: an application for a mortgage loan


patent application: an application for sole rights to an invention


request: a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority


petition: a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority


postulation: a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority


memorial: a written statement of facts submitted in conjunction with a petition to an authority


solicitation: request for a sum of money


appeal: request for a sum of money


collection: request for a sum of money


ingathering: request for a sum of money


whip-round: (British) solicitation of money usually for a benevolent purpose


history: a record or narrative description of past events


account: a record or narrative description of past events


chronicle: a record or narrative description of past events


story: a record or narrative description of past events


ancient history: a history of the ancient world


etymology: a history of a word


folk etymology: a popular but erroneous etymology


case history: detailed record of the background of a person or group under study or treatment


family history: part of a patient's medical history in which questions are asked in an attempt to find out whether the patient has hereditary tendencies toward particular diseases


medical history: the case history of a medical patient as recalled by the patient


medical record: the case history of a medical patient as recalled by the patient


anamnesis: the case history of a medical patient as recalled by the patient


historical document: writing having historical value (as opposed to fiction or myth etc.)


historical paper: writing having historical value (as opposed to fiction or myth etc.)


historical record: writing having historical value (as opposed to fiction or myth etc.)


annals: a chronological account of events in successive years


chronological record: a chronological account of events in successive years


biography: an account of the series of events making up a person's life


life: an account of the series of events making up a person's life


life story: an account of the series of events making up a person's life


life history: an account of the series of events making up a person's life


autobiography: a biography of yourself


hagiography: a biography that idealizes or idolizes the person (especially a person who is a saint)


profile: biographical sketch


memoir: an account of the author's personal experiences


statement: a document showing credits and debits


financial statement: a document showing credits and debits


bank statement: a periodic statement prepared by a bank for each client


bill: an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered


account: an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered


invoice: an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered


electric bill: a bill for money owed for electricity used


hotel bill: statement of charges for staying in a hotel


medical bill: statement of charges for medical services


doctor's bill: statement of charges for medical services


phone bill: statement of charges for telephone service


telephone bill: statement of charges for telephone service


reckoning: a bill for an amount due


tally: a bill for an amount due


tax bill: money owed for taxes


check: the bill in a restaurant


chit: the bill in a restaurant


tab: the bill in a restaurant


coupon: a negotiable certificate that can be detached and redeemed as needed


voucher: a negotiable certificate that can be detached and redeemed as needed


book token: a gift voucher that can be exchanged for books costing up to an amount given on the voucher


meal ticket: coupon redeemable at a restaurant and entitling the holder to a meal


luncheon voucher: coupon redeemable at a restaurant and entitling the holder to a meal


twofer: a coupon that allows the holder to purchase two items (as two tickets to a play) for the price of one


ticket: a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled to something (as to ride on public transportation or to enter a public entertainment)


commutation ticket: a ticket good for several trips or to attend a season of entertainments; sold at a reduced rate


season ticket: a ticket good for several trips or to attend a season of entertainments; sold at a reduced rate


plane ticket: a ticket good for a trip on an airplane


airplane ticket: a ticket good for a trip on an airplane


pass: a complimentary ticket


transfer: a ticket that allows a passenger to change conveyances


railroad ticket: a ticket good for a ride on a railroad train


train ticket: a ticket good for a ride on a railroad train


theater ticket: a ticket good for admission to a theater


theatre ticket: a ticket good for admission to a theater


bus ticket: a ticket good for a ride on a bus


round-trip ticket: a ticket to a place and back (usually over the same route)


return ticket: a ticket to a place and back (usually over the same route)


day return: a return ticket (at reduced fare) for traveling both ways in the same day


receipt: an acknowledgment (usually tangible) that payment has been made


stub: a torn part of a ticket returned to the holder as a receipt


ticket stub: a torn part of a ticket returned to the holder as a receipt


rain check: a ticket stub entitling the holder to admission to a future event if the scheduled event was cancelled due to rain


bill of lading: a receipt given by the carrier to the shipper acknowledging receipt of the goods being shipped and specifying the terms of delivery


waybill: a receipt given by the carrier to the shipper acknowledging receipt of the goods being shipped and specifying the terms of delivery


contract: a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law


adhesion contract: a contract that heavily restricts one party while leaving the other free (as some standard form printed contracts); implies inequality in bargaining power


contract of adhesion: a contract that heavily restricts one party while leaving the other free (as some standard form printed contracts); implies inequality in bargaining power


aleatory contract: a contract whose performance by one party depends on the occurrence of an uncertain contingent event (but if it is contingent on the outcome of a wager it is not enforceable)


bilateral contract: a contract involving mutual promises (each party is both promisor and promisee)


charter: a contract to hire or lease transportation


conditional contract: a contract whose performance depends on a fact or event that affects legal relations


cost-plus contract: a contract in which the contractor is paid his total cost plus a stated percentage of profit


gambling contract: a contract whose performance by one party is contingent on the outcome of a bet; unenforceable by statute in most jurisdictions


lease: a contract granting use or occupation of property during a specified time for a specified payment


marriage contract: a prenuptial agreement or contract


marriage settlement: a prenuptial agreement or contract


output contract: a contract in which you promise to deliver your entire output to the other party who promises to accept it


policy: written contract or certificate of insurance


insurance policy: written contract or certificate of insurance


insurance: written contract or certificate of insurance


purchase contract: a contract stating the terms of a purchase


purchase agreement: a contract stating the terms of a purchase


quasi contract: a contract created by law for reasons of justice without any expression of assent


requirements contract: a contract in which you agree to purchase all your requirements of a particular sort from one party


sealed instrument: a contract that is signed and has the (wax) seal of the signer attached


contract under seal: a contract that is signed and has the (wax) seal of the signer attached


special contract: a contract that is signed and has the (wax) seal of the signer attached


service contract: a contract for maintenance services


severable contract: a contract which, in the event of a breach by one of the parties, can be considered as several independent agreements expressed in a single instrument


subcontract: a contract assigning to another party some obligations of a prior contract


conspiracy: a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act


confederacy: a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act


fair-trade agreement: an agreement (illegal in the United States) between the manufacturer of a trademarked item of merchandise and its retail distributors to sell the item at a price at or above the price set by the manufacturer


conspiracy of silence: a conspiracy not to talk about some situation or event


covenant: (Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return


unilateral contract: a one-sided agreement whereby you promise to do (or refrain from doing) something in return for a performance (not a promise)


debenture: a certificate or voucher acknowledging a debt


floater: an insurance policy covering loss of movable property (e.g. jewelry) regardless of its location


floating policy: an insurance policy covering loss of movable property (e.g. jewelry) regardless of its location


partnership: a contract between two or more persons who agree to pool talent and money and share profits or losses


articles of agreement: a contract between crew and captain of a ship


shipping articles: a contract between crew and captain of a ship


concession: a contract granting the right to operate a subsidiary business


grant: a contract granting the right to operate a subsidiary business


franchise: an authorization to sell a company's goods or services in a particular place


labor contract: contract between labor and management governing wages and benefits and working conditions


labor agreement: contract between labor and management governing wages and benefits and working conditions


collective agreement: contract between labor and management governing wages and benefits and working conditions


yellow-dog contract: a labor contract (now illegal) whereby the employee agrees not to join a trade union


employment contract: contract between employer and employee


employment agreement: contract between employer and employee


distribution agreement: a contract governing the marketing of an item of merchandise


licensing agreement: contract giving someone the legal right to use a patent or trademark


merger agreement: contract governing the merger of two or more companies


acquisition agreement: contract governing the merger of two or more companies


sale: an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer)


sales agreement: an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer)


conditional sale: a sale in which the buyer receives title to the property only upon the performance of some condition (usually the full payment of the purchase price)


sale in gross: a sale of a tract of land as a whole without a warranty as to the acreage


contract of hazard: a sale of a tract of land as a whole without a warranty as to the acreage


sheriff's sale: a sale of property by the sheriff under authority of a court's writ of execution in order satisfy an unpaid obligation


execution sale: a sale of property by the sheriff under authority of a court's writ of execution in order satisfy an unpaid obligation


judicial sale: a sale of property by the sheriff under authority of a court's writ of execution in order satisfy an unpaid obligation


forced sale: a sale of property by the sheriff under authority of a court's writ of execution in order satisfy an unpaid obligation


appraisal: a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)


estimate: a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)


estimation: a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)


overestimate: an appraisal that is too high


overestimation: an appraisal that is too high


overvaluation: an appraisal that is too high


overappraisal: an appraisal that is too high


order: a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities


purchase order: a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities


credit order: an order that is received without payment; requires billing at a later date


bill-me order: an order that is received without payment; requires billing at a later date


open account: an unpaid credit order


indent: an order for goods to be exported or imported


market order: an order to a broker to sell or buy stocks or commodities at the prevailing market price


production order: an order that initiates the manufacturing process


reorder: a repeated order for the same merchandise


stop order: an order to a broker to sell (buy) when the price of a security falls (rises) to a designated level


stop-loss order: an order to a broker to sell (buy) when the price of a security falls (rises) to a designated level


stop payment: a depositor's order to a bank to refuse payment on a check


mail order: a purchase negotiated by mail


power of attorney: a legal instrument authorizing someone to act as the grantor's agent


stock power: a power of attorney document to transfer ownership of a registered security from the owner to another party


proxy: a power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting


stock symbol: the letters used to identify listed companies on the securities exchanges where they are traded


letters of administration: legal document naming someone to administer an estate when no executor has been named


letters testamentary: a legal document from a probate court or court officer informing you of your appointment as executor of a will and empowering you to discharge those responsibilities


working papers: a legal document giving information required for employment of certain people in certain countries


work papers: a legal document giving information required for employment of certain people in certain countries


work permit: a legal document giving information required for employment of certain people in certain countries


act: a legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society or legislative body


enactment: a legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society or legislative body


law: legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity


nullity: something that is null (especially an enactment that has no legal validity)


anti-drug law: a law forbidding the sale or use of narcotic drugs


anti-racketeering law: law intended to eradicate organized crime by establishing strong sanctions and forfeiture provisions


Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act: law intended to eradicate organized crime by establishing strong sanctions and forfeiture provisions


RICO Act: law intended to eradicate organized crime by establishing strong sanctions and forfeiture provisions


RICO: law intended to eradicate organized crime by establishing strong sanctions and forfeiture provisions


antitrust legislation: law intended to promote free competition in the market place by outlawing monopolies


antitrust law: law intended to promote free competition in the market place by outlawing monopolies


statute of limitations: a statute prescribing the time period during which legal action can be taken


fundamental law: law determining the fundamental political principles of a government


organic law: law determining the fundamental political principles of a government


constitution: law determining the fundamental political principles of a government


Articles of Confederation: a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens


United States Constitution: the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states


U.S. Constitution: the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states


US Constitution: the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states


Constitution: the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states


Constitution of the United States: the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states


public law: a law affecting the public at large


Roman law: the legal code of ancient Rome; codified under Justinian; the basis for many modern systems of civil law


Justinian code: the legal code of ancient Rome; codified under Justinian; the basis for many modern systems of civil law


civil law: the legal code of ancient Rome; codified under Justinian; the basis for many modern systems of civil law


jus civile: the legal code of ancient Rome; codified under Justinian; the basis for many modern systems of civil law


Salic law: the code of laws of the Salian Franks and other German tribes


case law: (civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions


precedent: (civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions


common law: (civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions


legislation: law enacted by a legislative body


statute law: law enacted by a legislative body


enabling legislation: legislation that gives appropriate officials the authority to implement or enforce the law


occupational safety and health act: a law passed by the United States Congress that created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to prevent employees from being injured or contracting diseases in the course of their employment


federal job safety law: a law passed by the United States Congress that created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to prevent employees from being injured or contracting diseases in the course of their employment


advice and consent: a legal expression in the United States Constitution that allows the Senate to constrain the President's powers of appointment and treaty-making


statute book: a record of the whole body of legislation in a given jurisdiction


translation: a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language


interlingual rendition: a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language


rendering: a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language


version: a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language


worksheet: a piece of paper recording work planned or done on a project


bill: a statute in draft before it becomes law


measure: a statute in draft before it becomes law


appropriation bill: a legislative act proposing to authorize the expenditure of public funds for a specified purpose


bill of attainder: a legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial


bottle bill: a statute that would require merchants to reclaim used bottles


farm bill: a statute that would regulate farm production and prices


trade bill: a statute that would regulate foreign trade


bylaw: a rule adopted by an organization in order to regulate its own affairs and the behavior of its members


blue law: a statute regulating work on Sundays


blue sky law: a state law regulating the sale of securities in an attempt to control the sale of securities in fraudulent enterprises


gag law: any law that limits freedom of the press


game law: a regulation intended to manage or preserve game animals


homestead law: a law conferring privileges on owners of homesteads


poor law: a law providing support for the poor


Riot Act: a former English law requiring mobs to disperse after a magistrate reads the law to them


riot act: a vigorous reprimand


criminal law: the body of law dealing with crimes and their punishment


court order: a writ issued by a court of law requiring a person to do something or to refrain from doing something


decree: a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)


edict: a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)


fiat: a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)


order: a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)


rescript: a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)


consent decree: an agreement between two parties that is sanctioned by the court; for example, a company might agree to stop certain questionable practices without admitting guilt


curfew: an order that after a specific time certain activities (as being outside on the streets) are prohibited


decree nisi: a decree issued on a first petition for divorce; becomes absolute at some later date


divestiture: an order to an offending party to rid itself of property; it has the purpose of depriving the defendant of the gains of wrongful behavior


imperial decree: a decree issued by a sovereign ruler


ukase: an edict of the Russian tsar


legal separation: a judicial decree regulating the rights and responsibilities of a married couple living apart


judicial separation: a judicial decree regulating the rights and responsibilities of a married couple living apart


pragmatic sanction: an imperial decree that becomes part of the fundamental law of the land


pragmatic: an imperial decree that becomes part of the fundamental law of the land


programma: an edict that has been publicly posted


prohibition: a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages


prohibition: a decree that prohibits something


ban: a decree that prohibits something


proscription: a decree that prohibits something


stay: a judicial order forbidding some action until an event occurs or the order is lifted


stay of execution: an order whereby a judgment is precluded from being executed for a specific period of time


banning-order: an order that bans something


injunction: (law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity


enjoining: (law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity


enjoinment: (law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity


cease and desist order: (law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity


mandatory injunction: injunction requiring the performance of some specific act


permanent injunction: injunction issued on completion of a trial


final injunction: injunction issued on completion of a trial


temporary injunction: injunction issued during a trial to maintain the status quo or preserve the subject matter of the litigation until the trial is over


interlocutory injunction: injunction issued during a trial to maintain the status quo or preserve the subject matter of the litigation until the trial is over


brief: a document stating the facts and points of law of a client's case


legal brief: a document stating the facts and points of law of a client's case


amicus curiae brief: a brief presented by someone interested in influencing the outcome of a lawsuit but who is not a party to it


will: a legal document declaring a person's wishes regarding the disposal of their property when they die


testament: a legal document declaring a person's wishes regarding the disposal of their property when they die


probate: a judicial certificate saying that a will is genuine and conferring on the executors the power to administer the estate


probate will: a judicial certificate saying that a will is genuine and conferring on the executors the power to administer the estate


codicil: a supplement to a will; a testamentary instrument intended to alter an already executed will


living will: a document written by someone still legally capable requesting that he should be allowed to die if subsequently severely disabled or suffering terminal illness


deed: a legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it


deed of conveyance: a legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it


title: a legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it


assignment: the instrument by which a claim or right or interest or property is transferred from one person to another


bill of sale: a deed transferring personal property


deed poll: a deed made and executed by only one party


enfeoffment: under the feudal system, the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service


mortgage deed: deed embodying a mortgage


title deed: a legal document proving a person's right to property


trust deed: a written instrument legally conveying property to a trustee often used to secure an obligation such as a mortgage or promissory note


deed of trust: a written instrument legally conveying property to a trustee often used to secure an obligation such as a mortgage or promissory note


conveyance: document effecting a property transfer


quitclaim: document transferring title or right or claim to another


quitclaim deed: document transferring title or right or claim to another


muniments: deeds and other documentary evidence of title to land


warrant: a writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts


search warrant: a warrant authorizing law enforcement officials to search for objects or people involved in the commission of a crime and to produce them in court; the warrant describes the locations where the officials may search


bench warrant: a warrant authorizing law enforcement officials to apprehend an offender and bring that person to court


arrest warrant: a warrant authorizing law enforcement officials to apprehend an offender and bring that person to court


pickup: a warrant to take someone into custody


death warrant: a warrant to execute the death sentence


cachet: a warrant formerly issued by a French king who could warrant imprisonment or death in a signed letter under his seal


lettre de cachet: a warrant formerly issued by a French king who could warrant imprisonment or death in a signed letter under his seal


reprieve: a warrant granting postponement (usually to postpone the execution of the death sentence)


commutation: a warrant substituting a lesser punishment for a greater one


tax return: document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability


income tax return: document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability


return: document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability


amended return: a tax return that corrects the information in an earlier return


declaration of estimated tax: return required of a taxpayer whose tax withheld from income does not meet the tax liability for the year


estimated tax return: return required of a taxpayer whose tax withheld from income does not meet the tax liability for the year


false return: an incorrect income tax return


information return: a return that provides information to the tax collector but does not compute the tax liability


joint return: a return filed by a husband and wife


license: a legal document giving official permission to do something


licence: a legal document giving official permission to do something


permit: a legal document giving official permission to do something


building permit: a document authorizing the holder to construct a building of a particular kind on a particular lot


driver's license: a license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle


driver's licence: a license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle


driving license: a license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle


driving licence: a license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle


fishing license: a license authorizing the bearer to fish during a specified period of time


fishing licence: a license authorizing the bearer to fish during a specified period of time


fishing permit: a license authorizing the bearer to fish during a specified period of time


hunting license: a license authorizing the bearer to kill a certain type of animal during a specified period of time


hunting licence: a license authorizing the bearer to kill a certain type of animal during a specified period of time


hunting permit: a license authorizing the bearer to kill a certain type of animal during a specified period of time


game license: a license authorizing the bearer to kill a certain type of animal during a specified period of time


learner's permit: a document authorizing the bearer to learn to drive an automobile


letter of marque: a license to a private citizen to seize property of another nation


letters of marque: a license to a private citizen to seize property of another nation


letter of mark and reprisal: a license to a private citizen to seize property of another nation


liquor license: a license authorizing the holder to sell alcoholic beverages


liquor licence: a license authorizing the holder to sell alcoholic beverages


on-license: a license to sell liquor for consumption on the premises


marriage license: a license authorizing two people to marry


marriage licence: a license authorizing two people to marry


wedding license: a license authorizing two people to marry


wedding licence: a license authorizing two people to marry


occupation license: a license to pursue a particular occupation


occupation licence: a license to pursue a particular occupation


patent: an official document granting a right or privilege


letters patent: an official document granting a right or privilege


opinion: the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision


legal opinion: the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision


judgment: the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision


judgement: the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision


concurring opinion: an opinion that agrees with the court's disposition of the case but is written to express a particular judge's reasoning


dissenting opinion: an opinion that disagrees with the court's disposition of the case


majority opinion: the opinion joined by a majority of the court (generally known simply as `the opinion')


pardon: a warrant granting release from punishment for an offense


amnesty: a warrant granting release from punishment for an offense


acquittance: a legal document evidencing the discharge of a debt or obligation


release: a legal document evidencing the discharge of a debt or obligation


writ: (law) a legal document issued by a court or judicial officer


judicial writ: (law) a legal document issued by a court or judicial officer


assize: an ancient writ issued by a court of assize to the sheriff for the recovery of property


certiorari: a common law writ issued by a superior court to one of inferior jurisdiction demanding the record of a particular case


writ of certiorari: a common law writ issued by a superior court to one of inferior jurisdiction demanding the record of a particular case


execution: a routine court order that attempts to enforce the judgment that has been granted to a plaintiff by authorizing a sheriff to carry it out


writ of execution: a routine court order that attempts to enforce the judgment that has been granted to a plaintiff by authorizing a sheriff to carry it out


execution: (law) the completion of a legal instrument (such as a contract or deed) by signing it (and perhaps sealing and delivering it) so that it becomes legally binding and enforceable


execution of instrument: (law) the completion of a legal instrument (such as a contract or deed) by signing it (and perhaps sealing and delivering it) so that it becomes legally binding and enforceable


habeas corpus: a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge


writ of habeas corpus: a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge


venire facias: a judicial writ ordering a sheriff to summon people for jury duty


mandamus: an extraordinary writ commanding an official to perform a ministerial act that the law recognizes as an absolute duty and not a matter for the official's discretion; used only when all other judicial remedies fail


writ of mandamus: an extraordinary writ commanding an official to perform a ministerial act that the law recognizes as an absolute duty and not a matter for the official's discretion; used only when all other judicial remedies fail


attachment: a writ authorizing the seizure of property that may be needed for the payment of a judgment in a judicial proceeding


fieri facias: a writ ordering a levy on the belongings of a debtor to satisfy the debt


scire facias: a judicial writ based on some record and requiring the party against whom it is brought to show cause why the record should not be enforced or annulled


sequestration: a writ that authorizes the seizure of property


writ of detinue: a writ ordering the release of goods that have been unlawfully detained


writ of election: a writ ordering the holding of an election


writ of error: a judicial writ from an appellate court ordering the court of record to produce the records of trial


writ of prohibition: a judicial writ from a higher court ordering a lower court not to exercise jurisdiction in a particular case


writ of right: a writ ordering that land be restored to its rightful owner


mandate: a document giving an official instruction or command


authorization: a document giving an official instruction or command


authorisation: a document giving an official instruction or command


summons: a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant


process: a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant


subpoena: a writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court


subpoena ad testificandum: a writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court


subpoena duces tecum: a writ issued by a court at the request of one of the parties to a suit; it requires a witness to bring to court or to a deposition any relevant documents under the witness's control


gag order: a court order restricting information or comment by the participants involved in a lawsuit


garnishment: a court order to an employer to withhold all or part of an employee's wages and to send the money to the court or to the person who won a lawsuit against the employee


interdict: a court order prohibiting a party from doing a certain activity


interdiction: a court order prohibiting a party from doing a certain activity


citation: a summons that commands the appearance of a party at a proceeding


monition: a summons issued after the filing of a libel or claim directing all parties concerned to show cause why the judgment asked for should not be granted


process of monition: a summons issued after the filing of a libel or claim directing all parties concerned to show cause why the judgment asked for should not be granted


ticket: a summons issued to an offender (especially to someone who violates a traffic regulation)


speeding ticket: a ticket issued for driving above the speed limit


parking ticket: a ticket issued for parking in a restricted place


bill of Particulars: the particular events to be dealt with in a criminal trial; advises the defendant and the court of the facts the defendant will be required to meet


pleading: (law) a statement in legal and logical form stating something on behalf of a party to a legal proceeding


affirmative pleading: any defensive pleading that affirms facts rather than merely denying the facts alleged by the plaintiff


alternative pleading: a pleading that alleges facts so separate that it is difficult to determine which facts the person intends to rely on


pleading in the alternative: a pleading that alleges facts so separate that it is difficult to determine which facts the person intends to rely on


answer: the principal pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of `guilty' or `not guilty' (or nolo contendere); in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims


evasive answer: (law) an answer by a defendant that fails to admit or deny the allegations set forth in the complaint


nolo contendere: (law) an answer of `no contest' by a defendant who does not admit guilt but that subjects him to conviction


non vult: (law) an answer of `no contest' by a defendant who does not admit guilt but that subjects him to conviction


plea: (law) a defendant's answer by a factual matter (as distinguished from a demurrer)


counterplea: a plaintiff's reply to a defendant's plea


dilatory plea: a plea that delays the action without settling the cause of action; it can challenge the jurisdiction or claim disability of the defendant etc. (such defenses are usually raised in the defendant's answer)


insanity plea: (criminal law) a plea in which the defendant claims innocence due to mental incompetence at the time


plea of insanity: (criminal law) a plea in which the defendant claims innocence due to mental incompetence at the time


charge: (criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense


complaint: (criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense


complaint: (civil law) the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim for relief is based


libel: the written statement of a plaintiff explaining the cause of action (the defamation) and any relief he seeks


defective pleading: any pleading that fails to conform in form or substance to minimum standards of accuracy or sufficiency


demurrer: (law) any pleading that attacks the legal sufficiency of the opponent's pleadings


rebutter: (law) a pleading by the defendant in reply to a plaintiff's surrejoinder


rebuttal: (law) a pleading by the defendant in reply to a plaintiff's surrejoinder


replication: (law) a pleading made by a plaintiff in reply to the defendant's plea or answer


rejoinder: (law) a pleading made by a defendant in response to the plaintiff's replication


special pleading: (law) a pleading that alleges new facts in avoidance of the opposing allegations


surrebutter: (law) a pleading by the plaintiff in reply to the defendant's rebutter


surrebuttal: (law) a pleading by the plaintiff in reply to the defendant's rebutter


surrejoinder: (law) a pleading by the plaintiff in reply to the defendant's rejoinder


plea bargain: (criminal law) a negotiation in which the defendant agrees to enter a plea of guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor agrees to drop a more serious charge


plea bargaining: (criminal law) a negotiation in which the defendant agrees to enter a plea of guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor agrees to drop a more serious charge


legislative act: an act passed by a legislative body


statute: an act passed by a legislative body


fair-trade act: formerly a state law that protected manufacturers from price-cutting by allowing them to set minimum retail prices for their merchandise; eliminated by the United States Congress in 1975


Stamp Act: an act passed by the British Parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American Colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents; opposition by the Colonies resulted in the repeal of the act in 1766


enabling act: a provision in a law that confers on appropriate officials the power to implement or enforce the law


enabling clause: a provision in a law that confers on appropriate officials the power to implement or enforce the law


Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: an act passed by Congress in 1978 to establish procedures for requesting judicial authorization for foreign intelligence surveillance and to create the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; intended to increase United States counterintelligence; separate from ordinary law enforcement surveillance


FISA: an act passed by Congress in 1978 to establish procedures for requesting judicial authorization for foreign intelligence surveillance and to create the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; intended to increase United States counterintelligence; separate from ordinary law enforcement surveillance


ordinance: a statute enacted by a city government


special act: a legislative act that applies only to a particular person or particular district


software: (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory


software program: (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory


computer software: (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory


software system: (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory


software package: (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory


package: (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory


alpha software: a first release of a software product that is usually tested only by the developers


authoring language: software that can be used to develop interactive computer programs without the technically demanding task of computer programming


beta software: software that has not yet been released but has received an alpha test and still has more bugs than a regular release


compatible software: software that can run on different computers without modification


compatible software: application software programs that share common conventions so they can be utilized together


computer-aided design: software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing


CAD: software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing


freeware: software that is provided without charge


groupware: software that can be used by a group of people who are working on the same information but may be distributed in space


operating system: (computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services


OS: (computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services


DOS: an operating system that is on a disk


disk operating system: an operating system that is on a disk


MS-DOS: an operating system developed by Bill Gates for personal computers


Microsoft disk operating system: an operating system developed by Bill Gates for personal computers


UNIX: trademark for a powerful operating system


UNIX system: trademark for a powerful operating system


UNIX operating system: trademark for a powerful operating system


Linux: an open-source version of the UNIX operating system


program: (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute


programme: (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute


computer program: (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute


computer programme: (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute


anti-virus program: a computer program that checks a computer for viruses and prevents their spread


application: a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task


application program: a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task


applications programme: a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task


active application: an application that is currently running and in the foreground


applet: a Java application; an application program that uses the client's web browser to provide a user interface


frame: an application that divides the user's display into two or more windows that can be scrolled independently


binary: a pre-compiled, pre-linked program that is ready to run under a given operating system; a binary for one operating system will not run on a different operating system


binary program: a pre-compiled, pre-linked program that is ready to run under a given operating system; a binary for one operating system will not run on a different operating system


browser: a program used to view HTML documents


web browser: a program used to view HTML documents


Internet Explorer: a commercial browser


Explorer: a commercial browser


IE: a commercial browser


Konqueror: a freeware browser for Linux


lynx: a text browser


Mosaic: a freeware browser


Netscape: a commercial browser


Opera: a commercial browser


natural language processor: an application program that deals with natural language text


natural language processing application: an application program that deals with natural language text


disambiguator: (computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used


job: (computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit


word processor: an application that provides the user with tools needed to write and edit and format text and to send it to a printer


word processing system: an application that provides the user with tools needed to write and edit and format text and to send it to a printer


loop: a computer program that performs a series of instructions repeatedly until some specified condition is satisfied


malevolent program: a computer program designed to have undesirable or harmful effects


patch: a short set of commands to correct a bug in a computer program


assembler: a program to convert assembly language into machine language


assembly program: a program to convert assembly language into machine language


checking program: a program that examines other computer programs for syntax errors


compiler: (computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program


compiling program: (computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program


C compiler: a compiler for programs written in C


Fortran compiler: a compiler for programs written in FORTRAN


LISP compiler: a compiler for programs written in LISP


Pascal compiler: a compiler for programs written in Pascal


debugger: a program that helps in locating and correcting programming errors


driver: (computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device


device driver: (computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device


diagnostic program: a program that recognizes and explains faults in the equipment or mistakes in a computer program


editor program: (computer science) a program designed to perform such editorial functions as rearrangement or modification or deletion of data


editor: (computer science) a program designed to perform such editorial functions as rearrangement or modification or deletion of data


input program: a utility program that organizes the input to a computer


interface: (computer science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system


user interface: (computer science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system


command line interface: a user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon


CLI: a user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon


graphical user interface: a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input device


GUI: a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input device


interpreter: (computer science) a program that translates and executes source language statements one line at a time


interpretive program: (computer science) a program that translates and executes source language statements one line at a time


job control: a program that is called to prepare each job to be run


library program: a program in a program library


linkage editor: an editor program that creates one module from several by resolving cross-references among the modules


monitor program: a program that observes and regulates and controls or verifies the operations of a data-processing system


monitoring program: a program that observes and regulates and controls or verifies the operations of a data-processing system


text editor: (computer science) an application that can be used to create and view and edit text files


object program: a fully compiled or assembled program ready to be loaded into the computer


target program: a fully compiled or assembled program ready to be loaded into the computer


source program: a program written in a language from which statements are translated into machine language


output program: a utility program that organizes the output of a computer


parser: a computer program that divides code up into functional components


tagger: a computer program that attaches labels to the grammatical constituents of textual matter


tagging program: a computer program that attaches labels to the grammatical constituents of textual matter


sense tagger: a tagging program whose labels indicate the meanings of words or expressions


part-of-speech tagger: a tagging program whose labels indicate a word's part of speech


pos tagger: a tagging program whose labels indicate a word's part of speech


relocatable program: a program that can be located in different parts of memory at different times


reusable program: a program that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly


Web Map Service: a computer program that produces maps of spatially referenced data dynamically from geographic information


Web Map Server: a computer program that produces maps of spatially referenced data dynamically from geographic information


MapQuest: a free, widely-used Web Map Server


search engine: a computer program that retrieves documents or files or data from a database or from a computer network (especially from the internet)


Google: a widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important and relevant to a user's search


Yahoo: a widely used search engine for the web that finds information, news, images, products, finance


Ask Jeeves: a widely used search engine accepting plain English questions or phrases or terms


self-adapting program: a program that can change its performance in response to its environment


snapshot program: a trace program that produces output for selected conditions


spider: a computer program that prowls the internet looking for publicly accessible resources that can be added to a database; the database can then be searched with a search engine


wanderer: a computer program that prowls the internet looking for publicly accessible resources that can be added to a database; the database can then be searched with a search engine


spreadsheet: a screen-oriented interactive program enabling a user to lay out financial data on the screen


sort program: a utility program that sorts data items


sorting program: a utility program that sorts data items


stored program: a program that is stored in the memory of the computer that executes it


supervisory program: a program that controls the execution of other programs


supervisor: a program that controls the execution of other programs


executive program: a program that controls the execution of other programs


syntax checker: a program to check natural language syntax


system program: a program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer


systems program: a program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer


systems software: a program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer


trace program: a utility program that exhibits the sequence and results of executing the instructions in another program


text-matching: a computer program that looks for text that matches a given text


translator: a program that translates one programming language into another


translating program: a program that translates one programming language into another


utility program: (computer science) a program designed for general support of the processes of a computer


utility: (computer science) a program designed for general support of the processes of a computer


service program: (computer science) a program designed for general support of the processes of a computer


Windows: (trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface


decision table: a table of all contingencies and the actions to be taken for each


flow chart: a diagram of the sequence of operations in a computer program or an accounting system


flowchart: a diagram of the sequence of operations in a computer program or an accounting system


flow diagram: a diagram of the sequence of operations in a computer program or an accounting system


flow sheet: a diagram of the sequence of operations in a computer program or an accounting system


logic diagram: a graphical representation of a program using formal logic


logical diagram: a graphical representation of a program using formal logic


routine: a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program


subroutine: a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program


subprogram: a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program


procedure: a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program


function: a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program


call: an instruction that interrupts the program being executed


function call: a call that passes control to a subroutine; after the subroutine is executed control returns to the next instruction in main program


cataloged procedure: a set of control statements that have been placed in a library and can be retrieved by name


contingency procedure: an alternative to the normal procedure; triggered if an unusual but anticipated situation arises


dump routine: a routine that writes from an internal store to some external medium


input routine: a routine that writes from an external source to an internal store


library routine: a debugged routine that is maintained in a program library


output routine: a routine that controls an output device


random number generator: a routine designed to yield a random number


recursive routine: a routine that can call itself


reusable routine: a routine that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly


supervisory routine: a routine that coordinates the operation of subroutines


executive routine: a routine that coordinates the operation of subroutines


tracing routine: a routine that provides a chronological record of the execution of a computer program


utility routine: a routine that can be used as needed


service routine: a routine that can be used as needed


instruction: (computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program


command: (computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program


statement: (computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program


program line: (computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program


logic bomb: a set of instructions inserted into a program that are designed to execute (or `explode') if a particular condition is satisfied; when exploded it may delete or corrupt data, or print a spurious message, or have other harmful effects


slag code: a set of instructions inserted into a program that are designed to execute (or `explode') if a particular condition is satisfied; when exploded it may delete or corrupt data, or print a spurious message, or have other harmful effects


trojan: a program that appears desirable but actually contains something harmful


trojan horse: a program that appears desirable but actually contains something harmful


virus: a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer


computer virus: a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer


worm: a software program capable of reproducing itself that can spread from one computer to the next over a network


command line: commands that a user types in order to run an application


link: (computing) an instruction that connects one part of a program or an element on a list to another program or list


hyperlink: a link from a hypertext file to another location or file; typically activated by clicking on a highlighted word or icon at a particular location on the screen


macro: a single computer instruction that results in a series of instructions in machine language


macro instruction: a single computer instruction that results in a series of instructions in machine language


system error: an instruction that is either not recognized by an operating system or is in violation of the procedural rules


system call: an instruction that interrupts the program being executed and passes control to the supervisor


supervisor call instruction: an instruction that interrupts the program being executed and passes control to the supervisor


toggle: any instruction that works first one way and then the other; it turns something on the first time it is used and then turns it off the next time


shareware: software that is available free of charge; may be distributed for evaluation with a fee requested for additional features or a manual etc.


shrink-wrapped software: software on CD-ROMs that are boxed and shrink-wrapped and sold in stores (implying a widely supported standard platform)


spyware: computer software that obtains information from a user's computer without the user's knowledge or consent


supervisory software: specialized programs that reside permanently in the computer's main memory and control the processing of user's programs


software documentation: program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs


documentation: program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs


electronic database: (computer science) a database that can be accessed by computers


on-line database: (computer science) a database that can be accessed by computers


computer database: (computer science) a database that can be accessed by computers


electronic information service: (computer science) a database that can be accessed by computers


database management system: a software system that facilitates the creation and maintenance and use of an electronic database


DBMS: a software system that facilitates the creation and maintenance and use of an electronic database


relational database management system: a database management system designed to manage a relational database


object-oriented database management system: a database management system designed to manage an object-oriented database


hypertext system: a database management system that allows strings of text (`objects') to be processed as a complex network of nodes that are linked together in an arbitrary way


publication: a copy of a printed work offered for distribution


read: something that is read


impression: all the copies of a work printed at one time


printing: all the copies of a work printed at one time


edition: the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published


limited edition: an edition that is restricted to a specific number of copies


variorum: an edition containing various versions of a text or notes by various scholars or editors


variorum edition: an edition containing various versions of a text or notes by various scholars or editors


proof: (printing) an impression made to check for errors


test copy: (printing) an impression made to check for errors


trial impression: (printing) an impression made to check for errors


galley proof: a proof taken before the type is broken up to print pages


foundry proof: a proof taken from a form before duplicate plates are made


mackle: a printed impression that is blurred or doubled


collection: a publication containing a variety of works


compendium: a publication containing a variety of works


anthology: a collection of selected literary passages


album: one or more recordings issued together; originally released on 12-inch phonograph records (usually with attractive record covers) and later on cassette audiotape and compact disc


record album: one or more recordings issued together; originally released on 12-inch phonograph records (usually with attractive record covers) and later on cassette audiotape and compact disc


concept album: an album whose recordings are unified by some theme (instrumental or lyrical or narrative or compositional)


rock opera: albums of rock music that aspired to the status of art; first appeared in the 1960s


tribute album: concept album compiling a performer's work or work supporting some worthy cause


benefit album: concept album compiling a performer's work or work supporting some worthy cause


divan: a collection of Persian or Arabic poems (usually by one author)


diwan: a collection of Persian or Arabic poems (usually by one author)


florilegium: an anthology of short literary pieces and poems and ballads etc.


garland: an anthology of short literary pieces and poems and ballads etc.


miscellany: an anthology of short literary pieces and poems and ballads etc.


omnibus: an anthology of articles on a related subject or an anthology of the works of a single author


archives: collection of records especially about an institution


compilation: something that is compiled (as into a single book or file)


digest: something that is compiled (as into a single book or file)


periodical: a publication that appears at fixed intervals


digest: a periodical that summarizes the news


pictorial: a periodical (magazine or newspaper) containing many pictures


series: a periodical that appears at scheduled times


serial: a periodical that appears at scheduled times


serial publication: a periodical that appears at scheduled times


semiweekly: a periodical that is published twice each week (or 104 issues per year)


weekly: a periodical that is published every week (or 52 issues per year)


semimonthly: a periodical that is published twice each month (or 24 issues per year)


monthly: a periodical that is published every month (or 12 issues per year)


quarterly: a periodical that is published every quarter (or four issues per year)


bimonthly: a periodical that is published twice a month or every two months (either 24 or 6 issues per year)


biweekly: a periodical that is published twice a week or every two weeks (either 104 or 26 issues per year)


organ: a periodical that is published by a special interest group


house organ: a periodical published by a business firm for its employees and customers


magazine: a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it


mag: a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it


tip sheet: a publication containing the latest information or tips or predictions for a particular business or stock market information or horse racing results, etc.


dope sheet: a racing publication giving information on horses and the outcomes of horse races


scratch sheet: a racing publication giving information on horses and the outcomes of horse races


colour supplement: (British) a magazine that is printed in color and circulated with a newspaper (especially on weekends)


comic book: a magazine devoted to comic strips


news magazine: a magazine devoted to reports of current events; usually published weekly


pulp: an inexpensive magazine printed on poor quality paper


pulp magazine: an inexpensive magazine printed on poor quality paper


slick: a magazine printed on good quality paper


slick magazine: a magazine printed on good quality paper


glossy: a magazine printed on good quality paper


trade magazine: a magazine published for and read by members of a particular trade group


issue: one of a series published periodically


number: one of a series published periodically


edition: an issue of a newspaper


extra: an additional edition of a newspaper (usually to report a crisis)


journal: a periodical dedicated to a particular subject


annals: reports of the work of a society or learned body etc


review: a periodical that publishes critical essays on current affairs or literature or art


literary review: a review devoted to literary criticism


reading: written material intended to be read


reading material: written material intended to be read


bumf: reading materials (documents, written information) that you must read and deal with but that you think are extremely boring


bumph: reading materials (documents, written information) that you must read and deal with but that you think are extremely boring


perusal: reading carefully with intent to remember


perusing: reading carefully with intent to remember


poring over: reading carefully with intent to remember


studying: reading carefully with intent to remember


browse: reading superficially or at random


browsing: reading superficially or at random


skim: reading or glancing through quickly


skimming: reading or glancing through quickly


message: what a communication that is about something is about


content: what a communication that is about something is about


subject matter: what a communication that is about something is about


substance: what a communication that is about something is about


latent content: (psychoanalysis) hidden meaning of a fantasy or dream


subject: the subject matter of a conversation or discussion


topic: the subject matter of a conversation or discussion


theme: the subject matter of a conversation or discussion


bone of contention: the subject of a dispute


precedent: a subject mentioned earlier (preceding in time)


didacticism: communication that is suitable for or intended to be instructive


digression: a message that departs from the main subject


aside: a message that departs from the main subject


excursus: a message that departs from the main subject


divagation: a message that departs from the main subject


parenthesis: a message that departs from the main subject


declarative sentence: a sentence (in the indicative mood) that makes a declaration


declaratory sentence: a sentence (in the indicative mood) that makes a declaration


run-on sentence: an ungrammatical sentence in which two or more independent clauses are conjoined without a conjunction


topic sentence: a sentence that states the topic of its paragraph


meaning: the message that is intended or expressed or signified


significance: the message that is intended or expressed or signified


signification: the message that is intended or expressed or signified


import: the message that is intended or expressed or signified


lexical meaning: the meaning of a content word that depends on the nonlinguistic concepts it is used to express


grammatical meaning: the meaning of a word that depends on its role in a sentence; varies with inflectional form


symbolization: the use of symbols to convey meaning


symbolisation: the use of symbols to convey meaning


sense: the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted


signified: the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted


word meaning: the accepted meaning of a word


word sense: the accepted meaning of a word


acceptation: the accepted meaning of a word


intension: what you must know in order to determine the reference of an expression


connotation: what you must know in order to determine the reference of an expression


referent: something that refers; a term that refers to another term


referent: the first term in a proposition; the term to which other terms relate


relatum: a term in a proposition that is related to the referent of the proposition


referent: something referred to; the object of a reference


antecedent: the referent of an anaphor; a phrase or clause that is referred to by an anaphoric pronoun


denotatum: an actual object referred to by a linguistic expression


designatum: something (whether existing or not) that is referred to by a linguistic expression


effect: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work


essence: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work


burden: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work


core: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work


gist: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work


alpha and omega: the basic meaning of something; the crucial part


ambiguity: an expression whose meaning cannot be determined from its context


loophole: an ambiguity (especially one in the text of a law or contract) that makes it possible to evade a difficulty or obligation


amphibology: an ambiguous grammatical construction; e.g., `they are flying planes' can mean either that someone is flying planes or that something is flying planes


amphiboly: an ambiguous grammatical construction; e.g., `they are flying planes' can mean either that someone is flying planes or that something is flying planes


parisology: the use of ambiguous words


euphemism: an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh


dysphemism: an offensive or disparaging expression that is substituted for an inoffensive one


shucks: an expression of disappointment or irritation


double entendre: an ambiguity with one interpretation that is indelicate


intent: the intended meaning of a communication


purport: the intended meaning of a communication


spirit: the intended meaning of a communication


moral: the significance of a story or event


lesson: the significance of a story or event


nuance: a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude


nicety: a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude


shade: a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude


subtlety: a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude


refinement: a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude


overtone: (usually plural) an ulterior implicit meaning or quality


bottom line: the decisive point


crux: the most important point


crux of the matter: the most important point


point: a brief version of the essential meaning of something


rallying point: a point or principle on which scattered or opposing groups can come together


talking point: an especially persuasive point helping to support an argument or discussion


nonsense: a message that seems to convey no meaning


bunk: a message that seems to convey no meaning


nonsensicality: a message that seems to convey no meaning


meaninglessness: a message that seems to convey no meaning


hokum: a message that seems to convey no meaning


absurdity: a message whose content is at variance with reason


absurdness: a message whose content is at variance with reason


ridiculousness: a message whose content is at variance with reason


amphigory: nonsensical writing (usually verse)


nonsense verse: nonsensical writing (usually verse)


balderdash: trivial nonsense


fiddle-faddle: trivial nonsense


piffle: trivial nonsense


buzzword: stock phrases that have become nonsense through endless repetition


cant: stock phrases that have become nonsense through endless repetition


cobblers: nonsense


crock: nonsense; foolish talk


fa la: meaningless syllables in the refrain of a partsong


fal la: meaningless syllables in the refrain of a partsong


gibberish: unintelligible talking


gibber: unintelligible talking


incoherence: nonsense that is simply incoherent and unintelligible


incoherency: nonsense that is simply incoherent and unintelligible


unintelligibility: nonsense that is simply incoherent and unintelligible


word salad: jumble of incoherent speech as sometimes heard in schizophrenia


jabberwocky: nonsensical language (according to Lewis Carroll)


mummery: meaningless ceremonies and flattery


flummery: meaningless ceremonies and flattery


palaver: loud and confused and empty talk


hot air: loud and confused and empty talk


empty words: loud and confused and empty talk


empty talk: loud and confused and empty talk


rhetoric: loud and confused and empty talk


rigmarole: a set of confused and meaningless statements


rigamarole: a set of confused and meaningless statements


shmegegge: (Yiddish) baloney; hot air; nonsense


schmegegge: (Yiddish) baloney; hot air; nonsense


stuff: senseless talk


stuff and nonsense: senseless talk


hooey: senseless talk


poppycock: senseless talk


abracadabra: gibberish and nonsense


babble: gibberish resembling the sounds of a baby


babbling: gibberish resembling the sounds of a baby


lallation: gibberish resembling the sounds of a baby


blather: foolish gibberish


blatherskite: foolish gibberish


double Dutch: an incomprehensible talk


bill of goods: communication (written or spoken) that persuades someone to accept something untrue or undesirable


humbug: communication (written or spoken) intended to deceive


snake oil: communication (written or spoken) intended to deceive


double talk: deliberately unintelligible gibberish


jabber: rapid and indistinct speech


jabbering: rapid and indistinct speech


gabble: rapid and indistinct speech


baloney: pretentious or silly talk or writing


boloney: pretentious or silly talk or writing


bilgewater: pretentious or silly talk or writing


bosh: pretentious or silly talk or writing


drool: pretentious or silly talk or writing


humbug: pretentious or silly talk or writing


taradiddle: pretentious or silly talk or writing


tarradiddle: pretentious or silly talk or writing


tommyrot: pretentious or silly talk or writing


tosh: pretentious or silly talk or writing


twaddle: pretentious or silly talk or writing


bullshit: obscene words for unacceptable behavior


bull: obscene words for unacceptable behavior


Irish bull: obscene words for unacceptable behavior


horseshit: obscene words for unacceptable behavior


shit: obscene words for unacceptable behavior


crap: obscene words for unacceptable behavior


dogshit: obscene words for unacceptable behavior


bunk: unacceptable behavior (especially ludicrously false statements)


bunkum: unacceptable behavior (especially ludicrously false statements)


buncombe: unacceptable behavior (especially ludicrously false statements)


guff: unacceptable behavior (especially ludicrously false statements)


rot: unacceptable behavior (especially ludicrously false statements)


hogwash: unacceptable behavior (especially ludicrously false statements)


chickenshit: a false statement that is considered to indicate timidity or fear


folderol: nonsensical talk or writing


rubbish: nonsensical talk or writing


tripe: nonsensical talk or writing


trumpery: nonsensical talk or writing


trash: nonsensical talk or writing


wish-wash: nonsensical talk or writing


applesauce: nonsensical talk or writing


codswallop: nonsensical talk or writing


pap: worthless or oversimplified ideas


pablum: worthless or oversimplified ideas


drivel: a worthless message


garbage: a worthless message


mumbo jumbo: language or ritual causing, or intending to cause, confusion


analects: a collection of excerpts from a literary work


analecta: a collection of excerpts from a literary work


clipping: an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine


newspaper clipping: an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine


press clipping: an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine


cutting: an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine


press cutting: an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine


cut: a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc


track: a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc


quotation: a passage or expression that is quoted or cited


quote: a passage or expression that is quoted or cited


citation: a passage or expression that is quoted or cited


epigraph: a quotation at the beginning of some piece of writing


mimesis: the representation of another person's words in a speech


misquotation: an incorrect quotation


misquote: an incorrect quotation


movie: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


film: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


picture: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


moving picture: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


moving-picture show: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


motion picture: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


motion-picture show: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


picture show: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


pic: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


flick: a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


telefilm: a movie that is made to be shown on television


scene: a consecutive series of pictures that constitutes a unit of action in a film


shot: a consecutive series of pictures that constitutes a unit of action in a film


outtake: a scene that is filmed but is not used in the final editing of the film


feature: the principal (full-length) film in a program at a movie theater


feature film: the principal (full-length) film in a program at a movie theater


final cut: the final edited version of a movie as approved by the director and producer


travelogue: a film or illustrated lecture on traveling


travelog: a film or illustrated lecture on traveling


home movie: a film made at home by an amateur photographer


attraction: an entertainment that is offered to the public


counterattraction: a rival attraction


collage film: a movie that juxtaposes different kinds of footage


coming attraction: a movie that is advertised to draw customers


Western: a film about life in the western United States during the period of exploration and development


horse opera: a film about life in the western United States during the period of exploration and development


shoot-'em-up: a movie featuring shooting and violence


short subject: a brief film; often shown prior to showing the feature


cartoon: a film made by photographing a series of cartoon drawings to give the illusion of movement when projected in rapid sequence


animated cartoon: a film made by photographing a series of cartoon drawings to give the illusion of movement when projected in rapid sequence


toon: a film made by photographing a series of cartoon drawings to give the illusion of movement when projected in rapid sequence


newsreel: a short film and commentary about current events


documentary: a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event


docudrama: a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event


documentary film: a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event


infotainment: a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event


cinema verite: a movie that shows ordinary people in actual activities without being controlled by a director


film noir: a movie that is marked by a mood of pessimism, fatalism, menace, and cynical characters


skin flick: a pornographic movie


peepshow: a short pornographic film shown in a small coin-operated booth


rough cut: the first print of a movie after preliminary editing


silent movie: a movie without a soundtrack


silent picture: a movie without a soundtrack


silents: a movie without a soundtrack


slow motion: a movie that apparently takes place at a slower than normal speed; achieved by taking the film at a faster rate


dissolve: (film) a gradual transition from one scene to the next; the next scene is gradually superimposed as the former scene fades out


cut: (film) an immediate transition from one shot to the next


jump: (film) an abrupt transition from one scene to another


jump cut: an immediate transition from one scene to another


spaghetti Western: a low-budget Western movie produced by a European (especially an Italian) film company


talking picture: a movie with synchronized speech and singing


talkie: a movie with synchronized speech and singing


three-D: a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance


3-D: a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance


3D: a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance


show: a social event involving a public performance or entertainment


broadcast: a radio or television show


program: a radio or television show


programme: a radio or television show


rebroadcast: a broadcast that repeated at a later time


news program: a program devoted to current events, often using interviews and commentary


news show: a program devoted to current events, often using interviews and commentary


news: a program devoted to current events, often using interviews and commentary


rerun: a program that is broadcast again


talk show: a program during which well-known people discuss a topic or answer questions telephoned in by the audience


chat show: a program during which well-known people discuss a topic or answer questions telephoned in by the audience


phone-in: a program in which the audience participates by telephone


television program: a program broadcast by television


TV program: a program broadcast by television


television show: a program broadcast by television


TV show: a program broadcast by television


colorcast: a television program that is broadcast in color


colourcast: a television program that is broadcast in color


pilot program: a program exemplifying a contemplated series; intended to attract sponsors


pilot film: a program exemplifying a contemplated series; intended to attract sponsors


pilot: a program exemplifying a contemplated series; intended to attract sponsors


game show: a television or radio program in which contestants compete for awards


giveaway: a television or radio program in which contestants compete for awards


quiz program: a game show in which contestants answer questions


film clip: a strip of motion picture film used in a telecast


serial: a serialized set of programs


series: a serialized set of programs


cliffhanger: an episode that ends in suspense


episode: a part of a broadcast serial


installment: a part of a broadcast serial


instalment: a part of a broadcast serial


sustaining program: a program without a commercial sponsor


soap opera: a serialized program usually dealing with sentimentalized family matters that is broadcast on radio or television (frequently sponsored by a company advertising soap products)


tetralogy: a series of four related works (plays or operas or novels)


radio broadcast: a broadcast via radio


simulcast: a broadcast that is carried simultaneously by radio and television (or by FM and AM radio)


telecast: a television broadcast


telegram: a message transmitted by telegraph


wire: a message transmitted by telegraph


night letter: a cheaper form of telegram sent for delivery the next day


airmail: letters and packages that are transported by aircraft


air mail: mail that is sent by air transport


surface mail: mail that is sent by land or sea


registered mail: mail that is registered by the post office when sent in order to assure safe delivery


registered post: mail that is registered by the post office when sent in order to assure safe delivery


special delivery: mail that is delivered by a special carrier (for an additional charge)


correspondence: communication by the exchange of letters


Kamasutra: (Hinduism) an ancient Sanskrit text giving rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure and love and marriage in accordance with Hindu law


sutra: a rule or aphorism in Sanskrit literature or a group of aphoristic doctrinal summaries prepared for memorization


letter: a written message addressed to a person or organization


missive: a written message addressed to a person or organization


business letter: a letter dealing with business


covering letter: a letter sent along with other documents to provide additional information


cover letter: a letter sent along with other documents to provide additional information


crank letter: a hostile (usually anonymous) letter


encyclical: a letter from the pope sent to all Roman Catholic bishops throughout the world


encyclical letter: a letter from the pope sent to all Roman Catholic bishops throughout the world


fan letter: a letter that is a piece of fan mail


personal letter: a letter dealing with personal affairs


form letter: a letter that is printed in multiple copies and mailed to a list of recipients


open letter: a letter of protest; addressed to one person but intended for the general public


chain letter: a letter that is sent successively to several people


pastoral: a letter from a pastor to the congregation


round robin: a letter signed by a number of people


airmail letter: a letter sent by air mail


air letter: a letter sent by air mail


aerogram: a letter sent by air mail


aerogramme: a letter sent by air mail


epistle: a specially long, formal letter


note: a short personal letter


short letter: a short personal letter


line: a short personal letter


billet: a short personal letter


excuse: a note explaining an absence


love letter: a personal letter to a loved one expressing affection


billet doux: a personal letter to a loved one expressing affection


dead letter: mail that can neither be delivered nor returned


dead mail: mail that can neither be delivered nor returned


letter of intent: any letter expressing an intention to take (or forgo) some action


card: a rectangular piece of stiff paper used to send messages (may have printed greetings or pictures)


birthday card: a card expressing a birthday greeting


get-well card: a card expressing get-well wishes


greeting card: a card sent to express personal greetings


Christmas card: a card expressing a Christmas greeting


Easter card: a card expressing an Easter greeting


Valentine: a card sent or given (as to a sweetheart) on Saint Valentine's Day


postcard: a card for sending messages by post without an envelope


post card: a card for sending messages by post without an envelope


postal card: a card for sending messages by post without an envelope


mailing-card: a card for sending messages by post without an envelope


lettercard: a postcard that folds so the message is inside


picture postcard: a postcard with a picture on one side


sympathy card: a card expressing sympathy


Mass card: (Roman Catholic Church) a card sent to a bereaved family that says the sender has arranged for a Mass to be said in memory of the deceased


spiritual bouquet: (Roman Catholic Church) a card indicating that the sender will perform certain devotional acts on behalf of another


acknowledgment: a statement acknowledging something or someone


acknowledgement: a statement acknowledging something or someone


farewell: an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting


word of farewell: an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting


adieu: a farewell remark


adios: a farewell remark


arrivederci: a farewell remark


auf wiedersehen: a farewell remark


au revoir: a farewell remark


bye: a farewell remark


bye-bye: a farewell remark


cheerio: a farewell remark


good-by: a farewell remark


goodby: a farewell remark


good-bye: a farewell remark


goodbye: a farewell remark


good day: a farewell remark


sayonara: a farewell remark


so long: a farewell remark


bon voyage: an organized expression of goodwill at the start of a trip or new venture


send-off: an organized expression of goodwill at the start of a trip or new venture


greeting: (usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)


salutation: (usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)


well-wishing: an expression of good will from one person to another


regard: (usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare


wish: (usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare


compliments: (usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare


reception: the manner in which something is greeted


response: the manner in which something is greeted


hail: enthusiastic greeting


pax: (Roman Catholic Church) a greeting signifying Christian love for those assisting at the Eucharist


kiss of peace: (Roman Catholic Church) a greeting signifying Christian love for those assisting at the Eucharist


welcome: a greeting or reception


cordial reception: kindness in welcoming guests or strangers


hospitality: kindness in welcoming guests or strangers


inhospitality: unkind and inconsiderate welcome


glad hand: a warm welcome; may be insincere


aloha: an acknowledgment that can be used to say hello or goodbye (aloha is Hawaiian and ciao is Italian)


ciao: an acknowledgment that can be used to say hello or goodbye (aloha is Hawaiian and ciao is Italian)


handshake: grasping and shaking a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract)


shake: grasping and shaking a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract)


handshaking: grasping and shaking a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract)