smile: change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure


dimple: produce dimples while smiling


grin: to draw back the lips and reveal the teeth, in a smile, grimace, or snarl


beam: smile radiantly; express joy through one's facial expression


smirk: smile affectedly or derisively


simper: smile affectedly or derisively


fleer: to smirk contemptuously


bray: laugh loudly and harshly


bellylaugh: laugh a deep, hearty laugh


roar: laugh unrestrainedly and heartily


howl: laugh unrestrainedly and heartily


snicker: laugh quietly


snigger: laugh quietly


giggle: laugh nervously


titter: laugh nervously


break up: laugh unrestrainedly


crack up: laugh unrestrainedly


break: weaken or destroy in spirit or body


break down: collapse due to fatigue, an illness, or a sudden attack


collapse: collapse due to fatigue, an illness, or a sudden attack


drop like flies: rapidly collapse, die, or drop out in large numbers


cramp: suffer from sudden painful contraction of a muscle


cramp: affect with or as if with a cramp


fall over: fall forward and down


go over: fall forward and down


cackle: emit a loud, unpleasant kind of laughing


guffaw: laugh boisterously


laugh loudly: laugh boisterously


chuckle: laugh quietly or with restraint


chortle: laugh quietly or with restraint


laugh softly: laugh quietly or with restraint


laugh: produce laughter


express joy: produce laughter


express mirth: produce laughter


convulse: be overcome with laughter


cachinnate: laugh loudly and in an unrestrained way


sneer: smile contemptuously


sneer: express through a scornful smile


frown: look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval


glower: look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval


lour: look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval


lower: look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval


glower: look at with a fixed gaze


glare: look at with a fixed gaze


stare: fixate one's eyes


look: have a certain outward or facial expression


scowl: frown with displeasure


shrug: raise one's shoulders to indicate indifference or resignation


clap: clap one's hands together


spat: clap one's hands together


grimace: contort the face to indicate a certain mental or emotional state


make a face: contort the face to indicate a certain mental or emotional state


pull a face: contort the face to indicate a certain mental or emotional state


screw up: twist into a strained configuration


pout: make a sad face and thrust out one's lower lip


mop: make a sad face and thrust out one's lower lip


mow: make a sad face and thrust out one's lower lip


blow: free of obstruction by blowing air through


clear the throat: clear mucus or food from one's throat


hawk: clear mucus or food from one's throat


shower: take a shower; wash one's body in the shower


foment: bathe with warm water or medicated lotions


bathe: cleanse the entire body


cleanse: clean one's body or parts thereof, as by washing


clean: clean one's body or parts thereof, as by washing


wash: to cleanse (itself or another animal) by licking


wash: cleanse (one's body) with soap and water


lave: cleanse (one's body) with soap and water


sponge down: wash with a sponge


scrub: wash thoroughly


scrub up: wash thoroughly


soap: rub soap all over, usually with the purpose of cleaning


lather: rub soap all over, usually with the purpose of cleaning


gargle: rinse one's mouth and throat with mouthwash


rinse: rinse one's mouth and throat with mouthwash


shave: remove body hair with a razor


epilate: remove body hair


depilate: remove body hair


razor: shave with a razor


tonsure: shave the head of a newly inducted monk


bathe: clean one's body by immersion into water


bath: clean one's body by immersion into water


douche: direct a spray of water into a bodily cavity, for cleaning


comb: smoothen and neaten with or as with a comb


comb out: smoothen and neaten with or as with a comb


disentangle: smoothen and neaten with or as with a comb


slick: give a smooth and glossy appearance


slick down: give a smooth and glossy appearance


sleek down: give a smooth and glossy appearance


dress: arrange attractively


arrange: arrange attractively


set: arrange attractively


do: arrange attractively


coif: arrange attractively


coiffe: arrange attractively


coiffure: arrange attractively


bob: cut hair in the style of a bob


pompadour: style women's hair in a pompadour


marcel: make a marcel in a woman's hair


wave: set waves in


gauffer: make wavy with a heated goffering iron


goffer: make wavy with a heated goffering iron


perm: give a permanent wave to


mousse: apply a styling gel to


gel: apply a styling gel to


pomade: apply pomade to (hair)


tease: ruffle (one's hair) by combing the ends towards the scalp, for a full effect


fluff: ruffle (one's hair) by combing the ends towards the scalp, for a full effect


groom: care for one's external appearance


neaten: care for one's external appearance


clean up: make oneself clean, presentable or neat


make up: apply make-up or cosmetics to one's face to appear prettier


highlight: apply a highlighter to one's cheeks or eyebrows in order to make them more prominent


lipstick: apply lipstick to


rouge: redden by applying rouge to


condition: apply conditioner to in order to make smooth and shiny


floss: use dental floss to clean


shampoo: use shampoo on (hair)


powder: apply powder to


talc: apply talcum powder to (one's body)


manicure: care for (one's hand) by cutting and shaping the nails, etc.


manicure: trim carefully and neatly


barber: perform the services of a barber: cut the hair and/or beard of


pedicure: care for one's feet by cutting and shaping the nails, etc.


doll up: use special care in dressing, making-up, etc.


do up: use special care in dressing, making-up, etc.


pretty up: use special care in dressing, making-up, etc.


glam up: use special care in dressing, making-up, etc.


spruce up: dress and groom with particular care, as for a special occasion


spruce: dress and groom with particular care, as for a special occasion


slick up: dress and groom with particular care, as for a special occasion


smarten up: dress and groom with particular care, as for a special occasion


perfume: apply perfume to


scent: apply perfume to


preen: dress or groom with elaborate care


primp: dress or groom with elaborate care


plume: dress or groom with elaborate care


dress: dress or groom with elaborate care


prank: dress up showily


tart up: dress up in a cheap and provocative way


overdress: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


dress up: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


fig out: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


fig up: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


deck up: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


gussy up: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


fancy up: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


trick up: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


deck out: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


trick out: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


prink: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


attire: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


get up: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


rig out: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


tog up: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


tog out: put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive


dress: dress in a certain manner


dress up: dress in a certain manner


enrobe: adorn with a robe


prim: dress primly


prim up: dress primly


prim out: dress primly


bedizen: dress up garishly and tastelessly


dizen: dress up garishly and tastelessly


dress down: dress informally and casually


underdress: dress informally and casually


prink: dress very carefully and in a finicky manner


dress: give a neat appearance to


groom: give a neat appearance to


curry: give a neat appearance to


reduce: take off weight


melt off: take off weight


lose weight: take off weight


slim: take off weight


slenderize: take off weight


thin: take off weight


slim down: take off weight


sweat off: lose weight by sweating


gain: increase (one's body weight)


put on: increase (one's body weight)


round: become round, plump, or shapely


flesh out: become round, plump, or shapely


fill out: become round, plump, or shapely


dress: put on clothes


get dressed: put on clothes


bundle up: dress warmly


hat: put on or wear a hat


try on: put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice


try: put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice


bonnet: dress in a bonnet


wear: have or show an appearance of


wear: have on one's person


bear: have on one's person


dress: provide with clothes or put clothes on


clothe: provide with clothes or put clothes on


enclothe: provide with clothes or put clothes on


garb: provide with clothes or put clothes on


raiment: provide with clothes or put clothes on


tog: provide with clothes or put clothes on


garment: provide with clothes or put clothes on


habilitate: provide with clothes or put clothes on


fit out: provide with clothes or put clothes on


apparel: provide with clothes or put clothes on


cover: clothe, as if for protection from the elements


wrap up: clothe, as if for protection from the elements


jacket: put a jacket on


frock: put a frock on


shirt: put a shirt on


habit: put a habit on


vesture: provide or cover with a cloak


overdress: dress too warmly


overclothe: dress too warmly


underdress: dress without sufficient warmth


corset: dress with a corset


shoe: furnish with shoes


undress: get undressed


discase: get undressed


uncase: get undressed


unclothe: get undressed


strip: get undressed


strip down: get undressed


disrobe: get undressed


peel: get undressed


peel off: take off, as with some difficulty


take off: remove clothes


wear: put clothing on one's body


put on: put clothing on one's body


get into: put clothing on one's body


don: put clothing on one's body


assume: put clothing on one's body


scarf: wrap in or adorn with a scarf


slip on: put on with ease or speed


slip off: take off with ease or speed


coat: cover or provide with a coat


cross-dress: dress in the clothes of the other sex


costume: dress in a costume


dress up: dress in a costume


dandify: dress like a dandy


vest: clothe formally; especially in ecclesiastical robes


robe: clothe formally; especially in ecclesiastical robes


vest: clothe oneself in ecclesiastical garments


wear: be dressed in


have on: be dressed in


inseminate: introduce semen into (a female)


fecundate: introduce semen into (a female)


fertilize: introduce semen into (a female)


fertilise: introduce semen into (a female)


stratify: render fertile and preserve by placing between layers of earth or sand


quicken: show signs of life


impregnate: make pregnant


knock up: make pregnant


bang up: make pregnant


prang up: make pregnant


impregnate: fertilize and cause to grow


inoculate: impregnate with the virus or germ of a disease in order to render immune


cross-fertilize: cause to undergo cross-fertilization


cross-fertilise: cause to undergo cross-fertilization


cross-fertilize: undergo cross-fertilization; become fertile


cross-fertilise: undergo cross-fertilization; become fertile


pollinate: fertilize by transfering pollen


pollenate: fertilize by transfering pollen


cross-pollinate: fertilize by transfering pollen


conceive: become pregnant; undergo conception


nick: mate successfully; of livestock


beget: make children


get: make children


engender: make children


father: make children


mother: make children


sire: make children


generate: make children


bring forth: make children


ejaculate: eject semen


reproduce: have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant


procreate: have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant


multiply: have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant


propagate: multiply sexually or asexually


vegetate: propagate asexually


propagate: cause to propagate, as by grafting or layering


inoculate: insert a bud for propagation


fructify: bear fruit


set: bear fruit


breed: have young (animals) or reproduce (organisms)


multiply: have young (animals) or reproduce (organisms)


pullulate: breed freely and abundantly


spawn: lay spawn


spat: spawn


give birth: cause to be born


deliver: cause to be born


bear: cause to be born


birth: cause to be born


have: cause to be born


lie in: be in confinement for childbirth


labor: undergo the efforts of childbirth


labour: undergo the efforts of childbirth


twin: give birth to twins


drop: give birth; used for animals


foal: give birth to a foal


cub: give birth to cubs


kitten: have kittens


lamb: give birth to a lamb


litter: give birth to a litter of animals


whelp: birth


pup: birth


farrow: give birth


pig: give birth


fawn: have fawns


calve: birth


have young: birth


have a bun in the oven: be pregnant with


bear: be pregnant with


carry: be pregnant with


gestate: be pregnant with


expect: be pregnant with


expect: look forward to the birth of a child


carry to term: carry out a pregnancy


miscarry: suffer a miscarriage


abort: terminate a pregnancy by undergoing an abortion


abort: cease development, die, and be aborted


brood: sit on (eggs)


hatch: sit on (eggs)


cover: sit on (eggs)


incubate: sit on (eggs)


alter: remove the ovaries of


neuter: remove the ovaries of


spay: remove the ovaries of


castrate: remove the ovaries of


defeminize: remove the ovaries of (female mammals such as cats)


defeminise: remove the ovaries of (female mammals such as cats)


emasculate: remove the testicles of a male animal


castrate: remove the testicles of a male animal


demasculinize: remove the testicles of a male animal


demasculinise: remove the testicles of a male animal


caponize: convert a cock into a capon


caponise: convert a cock into a capon


geld: cut off the testicles (of male animals such as horses)


cut: cut off the testicles (of male animals such as horses)


vasectomize: remove the vas deferens


vasectomise: remove the vas deferens


sterilize: make infertile


sterilise: make infertile


desex: make infertile


unsex: make infertile


desexualize: make infertile


desexualise: make infertile


fix: make infertile


face-lift: perform cosmetic surgery on someone's face


lift: perform cosmetic surgery on someone's face


trephine: operate on with a trephine


menstruate: undergo menstruation


flow: undergo menstruation


ovulate: produce and discharge eggs


sterilize: make free from bacteria


sterilise: make free from bacteria


antisepticize: disinfect with an antiseptic


autoclave: subject to the action of an autoclave


hatch: emerge from the eggs


irritate: excite to an abnormal condition, or chafe or inflame


inflame: become inflamed; get sore


inflame: cause inflammation in


soothe: cause to feel better


relieve: provide physical relief, as from pain


alleviate: provide physical relief, as from pain


palliate: provide physical relief, as from pain


assuage: provide physical relief, as from pain


massage: give a massage to


hurt: give trouble or pain to


indispose: cause to feel unwell


suffer: feel pain or be in pain


hurt: feel pain or be in pain


have: suffer from; be ill with


be well: be healthy; feel good


suffer: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)


sustain: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)


have: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)


get: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)


wail: cry weakly or softly


whimper: cry weakly or softly


mewl: cry weakly or softly


pule: cry weakly or softly


cry: shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain


weep: shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain


cry: bring into a particular state by crying


bawl: cry loudly


tear: fill with tears or shed tears


sob: weep convulsively


snivel: cry or whine with snuffling


sniffle: cry or whine with snuffling


blubber: cry or whine with snuffling


blub: cry or whine with snuffling


snuffle: cry or whine with snuffling


sweat: excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin


sudate: excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin


perspire: excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin


superfetate: conceive when a fetus is already present in the uterus


exude: release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities


exudate: release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities


transude: release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities


ooze out: release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities


ooze: release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities


distill: give off (a liquid)


distil: give off (a liquid)


reek: be wet with sweat or blood, as of one's face


fume: be wet with sweat or blood, as of one's face


transpire: give off (water) through the skin


extravasate: geology: cause molten material, such as lava, to pour forth


stream: exude profusely


gum: exude or form gum


secrete: generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids


release: generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids


water: secrete or form water, as tears or saliva


swelter: suffer from intense heat


injure: cause injuries or bodily harm to


wound: cause injuries or bodily harm to


trample: injure by trampling or as if by trampling


concuss: injure the brain; sustain a concussion


calk: injure with a calk


trouble: cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed


ail: cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed


pain: cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed


disagree with: not be very easily digestible


torture: subject to torture


excruciate: subject to torture


torment: subject to torture


rack: torture on the rack


martyr: torture and torment like a martyr


martyrize: torture and torment like a martyr


martyrise: torture and torment like a martyr


pull: strain abnormally


overstretch: strain abnormally


make: eliminate urine


urinate: eliminate urine


piddle: eliminate urine


puddle: eliminate urine


micturate: eliminate urine


piss: eliminate urine


pee: eliminate urine


pee-pee: eliminate urine


make water: eliminate urine


relieve oneself: eliminate urine


take a leak: eliminate urine


spend a penny: eliminate urine


wee: eliminate urine


wee-wee: eliminate urine


pass water: eliminate urine


urinate: pass after the manner of urine


wet: make one's bed or clothes wet by urinating


stale: urinate, of cattle and horses


excrete: eliminate from the body


egest: eliminate from the body


eliminate: eliminate from the body


pass: eliminate from the body


evacuate: excrete or discharge from the body


void: excrete or discharge from the body


empty: excrete or discharge from the body


suction: empty or clean (a body cavity) by the force of suction


purge: excrete or evacuate (someone's bowels or body)


stool: have a bowel movement


defecate: have a bowel movement


shit: have a bowel movement


take a shit: have a bowel movement


take a crap: have a bowel movement


ca-ca: have a bowel movement


crap: have a bowel movement


make: have a bowel movement


dung: defecate; used of animals


constipate: cause to be constipated


bind: cause to be constipated


obstipate: constipate severely


shed blood: lose blood from one's body


bleed: lose blood from one's body


hemorrhage: lose blood from one's body


tire: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


wear upon: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


tire out: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


wear: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


weary: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


jade: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


wear out: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


outwear: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


wear down: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


fag out: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


fag: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


fatigue: exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress


exhaust: wear out completely


wash up: wear out completely


beat: wear out completely


tucker: wear out completely


tucker out: wear out completely


frazzle: exhaust physically or emotionally


play: exhaust by allowing to pull on the line


overtire: tire excessively


overweary: tire excessively


overfatigue: tire excessively


tire: lose interest or become bored with something or somebody


pall: lose interest or become bored with something or somebody


weary: lose interest or become bored with something or somebody


fatigue: lose interest or become bored with something or somebody


jade: lose interest or become bored with something or somebody


vomit: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


vomit up: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


purge: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


cast: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


sick: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


cat: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


be sick: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


disgorge: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


regorge: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


retch: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


puke: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


barf: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


spew: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


spue: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


chuck: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


upchuck: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


honk: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


regurgitate: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


throw up: eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth


spew: eject or send out in large quantities, also metaphorical


spew out: eject or send out in large quantities, also metaphorical


eruct: eject or send out in large quantities, also metaphorical


keep down: manage not to throw up


gag: make an unsuccessful effort to vomit; strain to vomit


heave: make an unsuccessful effort to vomit; strain to vomit


retch: make an unsuccessful effort to vomit; strain to vomit


gag: cause to retch or choke


choke: cause to retch or choke


gag: struggle for breath; have insufficient oxygen intake


choke: struggle for breath; have insufficient oxygen intake


strangle: struggle for breath; have insufficient oxygen intake


suffocate: struggle for breath; have insufficient oxygen intake


choke: constrict (someone's) throat and keep from breathing


strangle: constrict (someone's) throat and keep from breathing


freeze: be cold


swelter: be uncomfortably hot


suffer: feel unwell or uncomfortable


gnash: grind together, of teeth


ail: be ill or unwell


treat: provide treatment for


care for: provide treatment for


correct: treat a defect


insufflate: treat by blowing a powder or vapor into a bodily cavity


detox: treat for alcohol or drug dependence


detoxify: treat for alcohol or drug dependence


irrigate: supply with a constant flow or sprinkling of some liquid, for the purpose of cooling, cleansing, or disinfecting


iodize: treat with iodine so as to prevent infection


iodise: treat with iodine so as to prevent infection


doctor: give medical treatment to


vet: provide veterinary care for


vet: provide (a person) with medical care


nurse: try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury


manipulate: treat manually, as with massage, for therapeutic purposed


administer: give or apply (medications)


dispense: give or apply (medications)


transfuse: give a transfusion (e.g., of blood) to


digitalize: administer digitalis such that the patient benefits maximally without getting adverse effects


bring around: provide a cure for, make healthy again


cure: provide a cure for, make healthy again


heal: provide a cure for, make healthy again


help: improve the condition of


aid: improve the condition of


comfort: lessen pain or discomfort; alleviate


ease: lessen pain or discomfort; alleviate


remedy: provide relief for


relieve: provide relief for


dress: apply a bandage or medication to


poultice: dress by covering with a therapeutic substance


plaster: dress by covering with a therapeutic substance


bandage: dress by covering or binding


ligate: bind with a bandage or ligature


strap: secure (a sprained joint) with a strap


splint: support with a splint


operate on: perform surgery on


operate: perform surgery on


venesect: practice venesection


medicate: treat medicinally, treat with medicine


medicine: treat medicinally, treat with medicine


medicate: impregnate with a medicinal substance


drug: administer a drug to


dose: administer a drug to


dope: give a narcotic to


dope up: give a narcotic to


soup: dope (a racehorse)


overdose: dose too heavily


o.d.: dose too heavily


narcotize: administer narcotics to


narcotise: administer narcotics to


anoint: administer an oil or ointment to ; often in a religious ceremony of blessing


inunct: administer an oil or ointment to ; often in a religious ceremony of blessing


oil: administer an oil or ointment to ; often in a religious ceremony of blessing


anele: administer an oil or ointment to ; often in a religious ceremony of blessing


embrocate: administer an oil or ointment to ; often in a religious ceremony of blessing


salve: apply a salve to, usually for the purpose of healing


bleed: draw blood


leech: draw blood


phlebotomize: draw blood


phlebotomise: draw blood


inject: give an injection to


shoot: give an injection to


infuse: introduce into the body through a vein, for therapeutic purposes


immunize: perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation


immunise: perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation


inoculate: perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation


vaccinate: perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation


cup: treat by applying evacuated cups to the patient's skin


transfuse: treat by applying evacuated cups to the patient's skin


sicken: get sick


come down: get sick


wan: become pale and sickly


contract: be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness


take: be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness


get: be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness


catch: contract


catch cold: come down with a cold


sicken: make sick or ill


poison: administer poison to


intoxicate: have an intoxicating effect on, of a drug


infect: contaminate with a disease or microorganism


taint: contaminate with a disease or microorganism


superinfect: infect (an infected cell) further or infect a cell already containing similar organisms


smut: affect with smut or mildew, as of a crop such as corn


disinfect: destroy microorganisms or pathogens by cleansing


chlorinate: disinfect with chlorine


infect: communicate a disease to


canker: infect with a canker


canker: become infected with a canker


traumatize: inflict a trauma upon


traumatise: inflict a trauma upon


shock: inflict a trauma upon


shock: subject to electrical shocks


galvanize: stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock


galvanise: stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock


mutilate: destroy or injure severely


mar: destroy or injure severely


maim: injure or wound seriously and leave permanent disfiguration or mutilation


twist: twist suddenly so as to sprain


sprain: twist suddenly so as to sprain


wrench: twist suddenly so as to sprain


turn: twist suddenly so as to sprain


wrick: twist suddenly so as to sprain


rick: twist suddenly so as to sprain


subluxate: sprain or dislocate slightly


cripple: deprive of the use of a limb, especially a leg


lame: deprive of the use of a limb, especially a leg


hamstring: cripple by cutting the hamstring


disable: injure permanently


invalid: injure permanently


incapacitate: injure permanently


handicap: injure permanently


hock: disable by cutting the hock


devolve: grow worse


deteriorate: grow worse


drop: grow worse


degenerate: grow worse


recuperate: get over an illness or shock


recover: get over an illness or shock


convalesce: get over an illness or shock


snap back: recover quickly


recuperate: restore to good health or strength


relapse: go back to bad behavior


lapse: go back to bad behavior


recidivate: go back to bad behavior


regress: go back to bad behavior


retrogress: go back to bad behavior


fall back: go back to bad behavior


languish: become feeble


fade: become feeble


waste: become physically weaker


rot: become physically weaker


atrophy: undergo atrophy


hypertrophy: undergo hypertrophy


fledge: grow feathers


feather: grow feathers


grow: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)


develop: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)


produce: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)


get: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)


acquire: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)


regrow: grow anew or continue growth after an injury or interruption


spring: develop suddenly


sprout: put forth and grow sprouts or shoots


stock: put forth and grow sprouts or shoots


stool: grow shoots in the form of stools or tillers


tiller: grow shoots in the form of stools or tillers


leaf: produce leaves, of plants


pod: produce pods, of plants


teethe: grow teeth; cut the baby teeth


cut: grow through the gums


ankylose: undergo ankylosis


ancylose: undergo ankylosis


ankylose: produce ankylosis by surgery


ancylose: produce ankylosis by surgery


pupate: develop into a pupa


work up: develop


get up: develop


fester: ripen and generate pus


maturate: ripen and generate pus


suppurate: ripen and generate pus


draw: cause to localize at one point


suppurate: cause to ripen and discharge pus


mature: cause to ripen and discharge pus


necrose: undergo necrosis


gangrene: undergo necrosis


mortify: undergo necrosis


sphacelate: undergo necrosis


regenerate: restore strength


revitalize: restore strength


rejuvenate: become young again


regenerate: undergo regeneration


resuscitate: cause to regain consciousness


revive: cause to regain consciousness


boot: cause to load (an operating system) and start the initial processes


reboot: cause to load (an operating system) and start the initial processes


bring up: cause to load (an operating system) and start the initial processes


resurrect: cause to become alive again


raise: cause to become alive again


upraise: cause to become alive again


resurrect: return from the dead


rise: return from the dead


uprise: return from the dead


scab: form a scab


skin over: grow new skin over an injury


heal: get healthy again


granulate: form granulating tissue


poop out: use up all one's strength and energy and stop working


peter out: use up all one's strength and energy and stop working


run down: use up all one's strength and energy and stop working


run out: use up all one's strength and energy and stop working


conk out: use up all one's strength and energy and stop working


exercise: do physical exercise


work out: do physical exercise


train: exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition


tumble: do gymnastics, roll and turn skillfully


roll: execute a roll, in tumbling


exercise: give a workout to


work: give a workout to


work out: give a workout to


warm up: cause to do preliminary exercises so as to stretch the muscles


limber: cause to become limber


tone: give a healthy elasticity to


tone up: give a healthy elasticity to


strengthen: give a healthy elasticity to


stretch: extend one's body or limbs


stretch out: extend one's body or limbs


fart: expel intestinal gases through the anus


break wind: expel intestinal gases through the anus


snuffle: snuff up mucus through the nose


snivel: snuff up mucus through the nose


spit: expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth


ptyalize: expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth


ptyalise: expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth


spew: expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth


spue: expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth


splutter: spit up in an explosive manner


sputter: spit up in an explosive manner


spit out: spit up in an explosive manner


stub: strike (one's toe) accidentally against an object


harm: cause or do harm to


salivate: produce saliva


drivel: let saliva drivel from the mouth


drool: let saliva drivel from the mouth


slabber: let saliva drivel from the mouth


slaver: let saliva drivel from the mouth


slobber: let saliva drivel from the mouth


dribble: let saliva drivel from the mouth


blush: turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame


crimson: turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame


flush: turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame


redden: turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame


pale: turn pale, as if in fear


blanch: turn pale, as if in fear


blench: turn pale, as if in fear


etiolate: make pale or sickly


tan: get a tan, from wind or sun


bronze: get a tan, from wind or sun


suntan: get a tan from being exposed to the sun


sun: expose one's body to the sun


sunbathe: expose one's body to the sun


sunburn: get a sunburn by overexposure to the sun


burn: get a sunburn by overexposure to the sun


generalize: become systemic and spread throughout the body


generalise: become systemic and spread throughout the body


metastasize: spread throughout the body


metastasise: spread throughout the body


exhaust: eliminate (a substance)


discharge: eliminate (a substance)


expel: eliminate (a substance)


eject: eliminate (a substance)


release: eliminate (a substance)


emit: expel (gases or odors)


breathe: expel (gases or odors)


pass off: expel (gases or odors)


joke: act in a funny or teasing way


jest: act in a funny or teasing way


clown: act as or like a clown


clown around: act as or like a clown


antic: act as or like a clown


feel: be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state


feel like a million: be in excellent health and spirits


feel like a million dollars: be in excellent health and spirits


suffocate: feel uncomfortable for lack of fresh air


gown: dress in a gown


jaundice: affect with, or as if with, jaundice


piffle: act in a trivial or ineffective way


run down: injure or kill by running over, as with a vehicle


run over: injure or kill by running over, as with a vehicle


pack on: gain (weight)


call: rouse somebody from sleep with a call


make: behave in a certain way


make as if: begin or appear to begin an action


break: diminish or discontinue abruptly


fracture: fracture a bone of


break: fracture a bone of


fracture: break (a bone)


refracture: break (a bone) that was previously broken but mended in an abnormal way


fracture: become fractured


cut: have grow through the gums


give: proffer (a body part)


give: consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man


pack: treat the body or any part of it by wrapping it, as with blankets or sheets, and applying compresses to it, or stuffing it to provide cover, containment, or therapy, or to absorb blood


snuff: inhale audibly through the nose


froth: exude or expel foam


lather: exude sweat or lather


change: undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature


shade: pass from one quality such as color to another by a slight degree


shade: vary slightly


gel: become a gel


brutalize: become brutal or insensitive and unfeeling


brutalise: become brutal or insensitive and unfeeling


animalize: become brutal or insensitive and unfeeling


animalise: become brutal or insensitive and unfeeling


brutalize: make brutal, unfeeling, or inhuman


brutalise: make brutal, unfeeling, or inhuman


animalize: make brutal, unfeeling, or inhuman


animalise: make brutal, unfeeling, or inhuman


caramelize: convert to caramel


caramelise: convert to caramel


rasterize: convert (an image) into pixels


caramelize: be converted into caramel


caramelise: be converted into caramel


convert: change in nature, purpose, or function; undergo a chemical change


convert: change the nature, purpose, or function of something


humify: convert (plant remains) into humus


verbalize: convert into a verb


verbalise: convert into a verb


creolize: develop into a creole


sporulate: convert into spores


novelize: convert into the form or the style of a novel


novelise: convert into the form or the style of a novel


fictionalize: convert into the form or the style of a novel


fictionalise: convert into the form or the style of a novel


deaden: convert (metallic mercury) into a grey powder consisting of minute globules, as by shaking with chalk or fatty oil


opalize: replace or convert into opal


opalise: replace or convert into opal


opalize: make opalescent


opalise: make opalescent


receive: convert into sounds or pictures


reconvert: convert back


malt: convert into malt


malt: convert grain into malt


malt: turn into malt, become malt


stay: stay the same; remain in a certain state


remain: stay the same; remain in a certain state


rest: stay the same; remain in a certain state


keep out: remain outside


continue: exist over a prolonged period of time


keep up: keep informed


keep abreast: keep informed


follow: keep informed


sit tight: maintain the same position; wait it out


differentiate: become distinct and acquire a different character


speciate: evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment


differentiate: evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment


specialize: evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment


specialise: evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment


differentiate: become different during development


dedifferentiate: lose specialization in form or function


mutate: undergo mutation


arterialize: change venous blood into arterial blood


arterialise: change venous blood into arterial blood


revert: undergo reversion, as in a mutation


make: give certain properties to something


get: give certain properties to something


render: cause to become


get: cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition


let: cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition


have: cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition


have: undergo


experience: undergo


alternate: do something in turns


take turns: do something in turns


spell: take turns working


alternate: go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions


jump: go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions


interchange: reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)


tack: reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)


switch: reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)


alternate: reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)


flip: reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)


flip-flop: reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)


counterchange: cause to change places


transpose: cause to change places


interchange: cause to change places


vascularize: make vascular


vascularise: make vascular


decrepitate: to roast or calcine so as to cause to crackle or until crackling stops


decrepitate: undergo decrepitation and crackle


crackle: to become, or to cause to become, covered with a network of small cracks


suburbanize: make suburban in character


suburbanise: make suburban in character


suburbanize: take on suburban character


suburbanise: take on suburban character


change: become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence


alter: become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence


vary: become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence


modulate: vary the frequency, amplitude, phase, or other characteristic of (electromagnetic waves)


avianize: to modify microorganisms by repeated culture in the developing chick embryo


avianise: to modify microorganisms by repeated culture in the developing chick embryo


optimize: modify to achieve maximum efficiency in storage capacity or time or cost


optimise: modify to achieve maximum efficiency in storage capacity or time or cost


move: go or proceed from one point to another


step: move or proceed as if by steps into a new situation


scroll: move through text or graphics in order to display parts that do not fit on the screen


roll: show certain properties when being rolled


roll up: show certain properties when being rolled


roll: take the shape of a roll or cylinder


glaze: become glassy or take on a glass-like appearance


glass: become glassy or take on a glass-like appearance


glass over: become glassy or take on a glass-like appearance


glaze over: become glassy or take on a glass-like appearance


revolutionize: change radically


revolutionise: change radically


overturn: change radically


turn: pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become


grow: pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become


bald: grow bald; lose hair on one's head


change: cause to change; make different; cause a transformation


alter: cause to change; make different; cause a transformation


modify: cause to change; make different; cause a transformation


sensualize: debase through carnal gratification


sensualise: debase through carnal gratification


carnalize: debase through carnal gratification


carnalise: debase through carnal gratification


etiolate: bleach and alter the natural development of (a green plant) by excluding sunlight


barbarize: make crude or savage in behavior or speech


barbarise: make crude or savage in behavior or speech


barbarize: become crude or savage or barbaric in behavior or language


barbarise: become crude or savage or barbaric in behavior or language


alkalinize: make (a substance) alkaline


alkalinise: make (a substance) alkaline


alkalinize: become alkaline


alkalinise: become alkaline


mythologize: make into a myth


mythologise: make into a myth


mythicize: make into a myth


mythicise: make into a myth


allegorize: make into an allegory


allegorise: make into an allegory


demythologize: remove the mythical element from (writings)


demythologise: remove the mythical element from (writings)


bring: bring into a different state


land: bring into a different state


secularize: make secular and draw away from a religious orientation


secularise: make secular and draw away from a religious orientation


rubberize: coat or impregnate with rubber


rubberise: coat or impregnate with rubber


rubber: coat or impregnate with rubber


coarsen: make less subtle or refined


anodize: coat a metal with an oxide coat


anodise: coat a metal with an oxide coat


citrate: cause to form a salt or ester of citric acid


equilibrate: bring to a chemical stasis or equilibrium


leave: leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking


leave alone: leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking


leave behind: leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking


affect: have an effect upon


impact: have an effect upon


bear upon: have an effect upon


bear on: have an effect upon


touch on: have an effect upon


touch: have an effect upon


strike a blow: affect adversely


repercuss: cause repercussions; have an unwanted effect


tell on: produce an effect or strain on somebody


redound: have an effect for good or ill


bacterize: subject to the action of bacteria


bacterise: subject to the action of bacteria


change by reversal: change to the contrary


turn: change to the contrary


reverse: change to the contrary


turn the tables: cause a complete reversal of the circumstances


turn the tide: cause a complete reversal of the circumstances


commutate: reverse the direction of (an alternating electric current) each half cycle so as to produce a unidirectional current


alchemize: alter (elements) by alchemy


alchemise: alter (elements) by alchemy


alcoholize: make alcoholic, as by fermenting


alcoholise: make alcoholic, as by fermenting


alcoholize: treat or infuse with alcohol


alcoholise: treat or infuse with alcohol


change integrity: change in physical make-up


switch over: change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence


switch: change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence


exchange: change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence


change shape: assume a different shape or form


change form: assume a different shape or form


deform: assume a different shape or form


individuate: give individual shape or form to


granulate: become granular


grain: become granular


tie: form a knot or bow in


terrace: make into terraces as for cultivation


fork: shape like a fork


constellate: form a constellation or cluster


shape: give shape or form to


form: give shape or form to


tabulate: shape or cut with a flat surface


dimension: shape or form to required dimensions


roll: shape by rolling


draw: flatten, stretch, or mold metal or glass, by rolling or by pulling it through a die or by stretching


strike: cause to form (an electric arc) between electrodes of an arc lamp


crystallize: cause to take on a definite and clear shape


crystallise: cause to take on a definite and clear shape


crystalise: cause to take on a definite and clear shape


crystalize: cause to take on a definite and clear shape


twist: form into twists


culminate: rise to, or form, a summit


granulate: form into grains


grain: form into grains


sliver: form into slivers


ridge: form into a ridge


plume: form a plume


conglobate: assume a globular shape


conglobe: assume a globular shape


form: assume a form or shape


round: make round


round out: make round


round off: make round


scallop: shape or cut in scallops


scollop: shape or cut in scallops


square: make square


square up: make square


round off: express as a round number


round down: express as a round number


round out: express as a round number


round: express as a round number


prim: contract one's lips


purse: contract one's lips into a rounded shape


pooch: round one's lips as if intending to kiss


pooch out: round one's lips as if intending to kiss


change state: undergo a transformation or a change of position or action


turn: undergo a transformation or a change of position or action


fall: pass suddenly and passively into a state of body or mind


drop: fall or sink into a state of exhaustion or death


fall off: diminish in size or intensity


fall away: diminish in size or intensity


fall in love: begin to experience feelings of love towards


suspend: cause to be held in suspension in a fluid


resuspend: put back into suspension


sober up: become sober after excessive alcohol consumption


sober: become sober after excessive alcohol consumption


sober up: become more realistic


sober: become more realistic


sober: cause to become sober


become: enter or assume a certain state or condition


go: enter or assume a certain state or condition


get: enter or assume a certain state or condition


work: arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion


adjust: adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions


conform: adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions


adapt: adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions


follow: behave in accordance or in agreement with


conform to: behave in accordance or in agreement with


go by: be or act in accordance with


readjust: adjust anew


readapt: adjust anew


proportion: adjust in size relative to other things


reconstruct: cause somebody to adapt or reform socially or politically


readapt: adapt anew


decrease: decrease in size, extent, or range


diminish: decrease in size, extent, or range


lessen: decrease in size, extent, or range


fall: decrease in size, extent, or range


shrink: decrease in size, range, or extent


shrivel: decrease in size, range, or extent


taper: diminish gradually


drop off: fall or diminish


vanish: decrease rapidly and disappear


fly: decrease rapidly and disappear


vaporize: decrease rapidly and disappear


increase: make bigger or more


suppress: reduce the incidence or severity of or stop


extend: increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance


stretch: increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance


augment: enlarge or increase


build up: enlarge, develop, or increase by degrees or in stages


enlarge: make larger


up: raise


break: fall sharply


rise: increase in value or to a higher point


go up: increase in value or to a higher point


climb: increase in value or to a higher point


soar: go or move upward


rise: rise in rank or status


jump: rise in rank or status


climb up: rise in rank or status


jump: increase suddenly and significantly


accrue: grow by addition


redound: contribute


bull: advance in price


ease up: reduce pressure or intensity


ease off: reduce pressure or intensity


let up: reduce pressure or intensity


ease up: become less intense


ease off: become less intense


slacken off: become less intense


flag: become less intense


increase: become bigger or greater in amount


spike: manifest a sharp increase


add to: have an increased effect


gain: increase or develop


gather: increase or develop


explode: increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner


irrupt: increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner


enlarge: become larger or bigger


augment: grow or intensify


pyramid: increase rapidly and progressively step by step on a broad base


advance: rise in rate or price


gain: rise in rate or price


snowball: increase or accumulate at a rapidly accelerating rate


raise: raise the level or amount of something


bump up: increase or raise


accumulate: collect or gather


cumulate: collect or gather


conglomerate: collect or gather


pile up: collect or gather


gather: collect or gather


amass: collect or gather


backlog: accumulate and create a backlog


accrete: grow or become attached by accretion


run up: pile up (debts or scores)


assimilate: become similar to one's environment


acculturate: assimilate culturally


detribalize: cause members of a tribe to lose their cultural identity


detribalise: cause members of a tribe to lose their cultural identity


assimilate: make similar


assimilate: become similar in sound


dissimilate: become dissimilar or less similar


dissimilate: make dissimilar; cause to become less similar


dissimilate: become dissimilar by changing the sound qualities


change: exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category


exchange: exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category


commute: exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category


convert: exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category


rectify: convert into direct current


utilize: convert (from an investment trust to a unit trust)


commute: exchange a penalty for a less severe one


convert: exchange a penalty for a less severe one


exchange: exchange a penalty for a less severe one


capitalize: convert (a company's reserve funds) into capital


capitalise: convert (a company's reserve funds) into capital


overcapitalize: capitalize beyond what the business or the profit-making prospects warrant


overcapitalise: capitalize beyond what the business or the profit-making prospects warrant


transduce: cause transduction (of energy forms)


replace: substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)


change: remove or replace the coverings of


refurbish: make brighter and prettier


renovate: make brighter and prettier


freshen up: make brighter and prettier


gentrify: renovate so as to make it conform to middle-class aspirations


revamp: to patch up or renovate; repair or restore


retread: give new treads to (a tire)


remold: give new treads to (a tire)


remould: give new treads to (a tire)


renovate: restore to a previous or better condition


restitute: restore to a previous or better condition


refresh: make (to feel) fresh


freshen: make (to feel) fresh


revitalize: give new life or vigor to


revitalise: give new life or vigor to


vitalize: make more lively or vigorous


vitalise: make more lively or vigorous


vitalize: give life to


vitalise: give life to


ruggedize: produce in a version designed to withstand rough usage


ruggedise: produce in a version designed to withstand rough usage


consolidate: make firm or secure; strengthen


consolidate: make or form into a solid or hardened mass


consolidate: form into a solid mass or whole


proof: make resistant (to harm)


bombproof: make safe against bombings


bulletproof: make bulletproof


child-proof: make safe against children


childproof: make safe against children


goofproof: proof against human misuse or error


goof-proof: proof against human misuse or error


foolproof: proof against human misuse or error


fireproof: make resistant to fire


weatherproof: make resistant to bad weather


devitalize: sap of life or energy


devitalise: sap of life or energy


eviscerate: take away a vital or essential part of


shake: undermine or cause to waver


regenerate: form or produce anew


reincarnate: cause to appear in a new form


renew: cause to appear in a new form


regenerate: be formed or shaped anew


reform: change for the better


straighten out: change for the better


see the light: change for the better


surge: see one's performance improve


regenerate: replace (tissue or a body part) through the formation of new tissue


regenerate: return to life; get or give new life or energy


restore: return to life; get or give new life or energy


rejuvenate: return to life; get or give new life or energy


revive: restore from a depressed, inactive, or unused state


resurrect: restore from a depressed, inactive, or unused state


republish: revive (a cancelled will or a libel)


revive: be brought back to life, consciousness, or strength


change: change clothes; put on different clothes


change magnitude: change in size or magnitude


modify: make less severe or harsh or extreme


attemper: modify the temperature of


syncopate: modify the rhythm by stressing or accenting a weak beat


update: modernize or bring up to date


update: bring to the latest state of technology


soup up: make more powerful


hop up: make more powerful


hot up: make more powerful


modify: add a modifier to a constituent


qualify: add a modifier to a constituent


cream: add cream to one's coffee, for example


modulate: adjust the pitch, tone, or volume of


enrich: make better or improve in quality


build up: change the use of and make available or usable


develop: change the use of and make available or usable


redevelop: change the plans for the use of (land)


round out: make bigger or better or more complete


fill out: make bigger or better or more complete


optimize: make optimal; get the most out of; use best


optimise: make optimal; get the most out of; use best


deprive: take away


impoverish: take away


fail: get worse


disestablish: deprive (an established church) of its status


choke: reduce the air supply


throttle: reduce the air supply


remove: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract


take: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract


take away: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract


withdraw: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract


harvest: remove from a culture or a living or dead body, as for the purposes of transplantation


tip: remove the tip from


stem: remove the stem from


extirpate: surgically remove (an organ)


enucleate: remove (a tumor or eye) from an enveloping sac or cover


exenterate: remove the contents of (an organ)


enucleate: remove the nucleus from (a cell)


decorticate: remove the cortex of (an organ)


bail: remove (water) from a vessel with a container


bail: empty (a vessel) by bailing


strip: remove (someone's or one's own) clothes


undress: remove (someone's or one's own) clothes


divest: remove (someone's or one's own) clothes


disinvest: remove (someone's or one's own) clothes


ablate: remove an organ or bodily structure


clean: remove unwanted substances from, such as feathers or pits


pick: remove unwanted substances from, such as feathers or pits


clean: remove shells or husks from


winnow: blow away or off with a current of air


pick: remove in small bits


clear: free (the throat) by making a rasping sound


clear up: free (the throat) by making a rasping sound


muck: remove muck, clear away muck, as in a mine


lift: remove from a surface


lift: take off or away by decreasing


lift: remove from a seedbed or from a nursery


tear away: rip off violently and forcefully


tear off: rip off violently and forcefully


take off: take away or remove


uncloak: remove a cloak from


take away: take out or remove


take out: take out or remove


pit: remove the pits from


stone: remove the pits from


seed: remove the seeds from


unhinge: remove the hinges from


shuck: remove the shucks from


hull: remove the hulls from


crumb: remove crumbs from


chip away: remove or withdraw gradually:


chip away at: remove or withdraw gradually:


burl: remove the burls from cloth


knock out: destroy or break forcefully


bus: remove used dishes from the table in restaurants


scavenge: remove unwanted substances from


clean: remove unwanted substances from


hypophysectomize: remove the pituitary glands


hypophysectomise: remove the pituitary glands


degas: remove gas from


husk: remove the husks from


shell: remove the husks from


bur: remove the burrs from


burr: remove the burrs from


clear off: remove from sight


clear away: remove from sight


unclutter: rid of obstructions


clear: rid of obstructions


clutter: fill a space in a disorderly way


clutter up: fill a space in a disorderly way


clog: fill to excess so that function is impaired


overload: fill to excess so that function is impaired


brim: fill as much as possible


add: make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of


gild the lily: make unnecessary additions to what is already complete


paint the lily: make unnecessary additions to what is already complete


adjoin: attach or add


work in: add by mixing or blending on or attaching


add on: make an addition


include: add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category


mix: add as an additional element or part


mix in: add as an additional element or part


dash: add an enlivening or altering element to


put on: add to something existing


butylate: introduce the butyl group into a chemical compound


put on: add to the odometer


iodize: treat with iodine


iodise: treat with iodine


nitrate: treat with nitric acid, so as to change an organic compound into a nitrate


tank: treat in a tank


oxygenate: impregnate, combine, or supply with oxygen


oxygenize: impregnate, combine, or supply with oxygen


oxygenise: impregnate, combine, or supply with oxygen


aerate: impregnate, combine, or supply with oxygen


mercerize: treat to strengthen and improve the luster


mercerise: treat to strengthen and improve the luster


back: strengthen by providing with a back or backing


malt: treat with malt or malt extract


fluoridate: subject to fluoridation; treat with fluoride


fluoridize: subject to fluoridation; treat with fluoride


fluoridise: subject to fluoridation; treat with fluoride


creosote: treat with creosote


chlorinate: treat or combine with chlorine


carbonate: treat with carbon dioxide


camphorate: treat with camphor


bromate: treat with bromine


brominate: treat with bromine


ammoniate: treat with ammonia


inject: to introduce (a new aspect or element)


welt: put a welt on


insert: introduce


enclose: introduce


inclose: introduce


stick in: introduce


put in: introduce


introduce: introduce


plug: insert as a plug


plug: insert a plug into


inoculate: introduce a microorganism into


seed: inoculate with microorganisms


inset: set or place in


glass: put in a glass container


catheterize: insert a catheter into (a body part)


catheterise: insert a catheter into (a body part)


launder: convert illegally obtained funds into legal ones


cup: put into a cup


intersperse: introduce one's writing or speech with certain expressions


interlard: introduce one's writing or speech with certain expressions


interleave: intersperse alternately, as of protective covers for book illustrations


feed: introduce continuously


feed in: introduce continuously


slip: insert inconspicuously or quickly or quietly


foist: insert surreptitiously or without warrant


intercalate: insert (days) in a calendar


punctuate: insert punctuation marks into


mark: insert punctuation marks into


concatenate: add by linking or joining so as to form a chain or series


string: add as if on a string


string up: add as if on a string


flick: remove with a flick (of the hand)


activate: make active or more active


activate: make (substances) radioactive


activate: aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that decompose organic matter


aerate: aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that decompose organic matter


biodegrade: break down naturally through the action of biological agents


activate: make more adsorptive


inactivate: make inactive


deactivate: make inactive


deactivate: remove from active military status or reassign


reactivate: activate (an old file) anew


deaden: make less lively, intense, or vigorous; impair in vigor, force, activity, or sensation


blunt: make less lively, intense, or vigorous; impair in vigor, force, activity, or sensation


obtund: reduce the edge or violence of


petrify: cause to become stonelike or stiff or dazed and stunned


jazz up: make more interesting or lively


juice up: make more interesting or lively


pep up: make more interesting or lively


ginger up: make more interesting or lively


enliven: make lively


liven: make lively


liven up: make lively


invigorate: make lively


animate: make lively


spirit: infuse with spirit


spirit up: infuse with spirit


inspirit: infuse with spirit


deaden: become lifeless, less lively, intense, or active; lose life, force, or vigor


compound: put or add together


combine: put or add together


totalize: make into a total


totalise: make into a total


recombine: to combine or put together again


strip: draw the last milk (of cows)


milk: take milk from female mammals


milk: add milk to


strip: take off or remove


dismantle: take off or remove


strip: remove a constituent from a liquid


strip: remove the thread (of screws)


denude: lay bare


bare: lay bare


denudate: lay bare


strip: lay bare


clear-cut: remove all the trees at one time


stump: remove tree stumps from


clear: remove


clear: make a way or path by removing objects


defoliate: strip the leaves or branches from


deforest: remove the trees from


disforest: remove the trees from


disafforest: remove the trees from


burn off: clear land of its vegetation by burning it off


burn: burn with heat, fire, or radiation


frost: damage by frost


scald: burn with a hot liquid or steam


declaw: remove the claws from


defang: remove the fangs from


dehorn: take the horns off (an animal)


disbud: destroy undeveloped horn buds (of cattle)


bone: remove the bones from


debone: remove the bones from


disembowel: remove the entrails of


eviscerate: remove the entrails of


draw: remove the entrails of


shell: remove from its shell or outer covering


shuck: remove from the shell


pod: take something out of its shell or pod


tusk: remove the tusks of animals


detusk: remove the tusks of animals


dehorn: prevent the growth of horns of certain animals


scalp: remove the scalp of


lift: remove (hair) by scalping


moderate: make less fast or intense


mitigate: make less severe or harsh


relieve: alleviate or remove (pressure or stress) or make less oppressive


lighten: alleviate or remove (pressure or stress) or make less oppressive


qualify: make more specific


restrict: make more specific


remodel: do over, as of (part of) a house


reconstruct: do over, as of (part of) a house


redo: do over, as of (part of) a house


correct: make right or correct


rectify: make right or correct


right: make right or correct


rectify: set straight or right


remediate: set straight or right


remedy: set straight or right


repair: set straight or right


amend: set straight or right


debug: locate and correct errors in a computer program code


edit: prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting


redact: prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting


edit: cut or eliminate


blue-pencil: cut or eliminate


delete: cut or eliminate


bowdlerize: edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate


bowdlerise: edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate


expurgate: edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate


castrate: edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate


shorten: edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate


interpolate: insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby


alter: insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby


falsify: insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby


hack: significantly cut up a manuscript


cut up: significantly cut up a manuscript


edit: cut and assemble the components of


cut: cut and assemble the components of


edit out: cut and assemble the components of


black out: suppress by censorship as for political reasons


blank out: cut out, as for political reasons


falsify: falsify knowingly


tame: correct by punishment or discipline


chasten: correct by punishment or discipline


subdue: correct by punishment or discipline


break in: make submissive, obedient, or useful


break: make submissive, obedient, or useful


break: be broken in


chasten: restrain


moderate: restrain


temper: restrain


corrupt: alter from the original


spoil: alter from the original


pervert: change the inherent purpose or function of something


misuse: change the inherent purpose or function of something


abuse: change the inherent purpose or function of something


abuse: use wrongly or improperly or excessively


fracture: violate or abuse


worsen: grow worse


decline: grow worse


tumble: suffer a sudden downfall, overthrow, or defeat


slip: get worse


drop off: get worse


drop away: get worse


fall away: get worse


lapse: drop to a lower level, as in one's morals or standards


backslide: drop to a lower level, as in one's morals or standards


suffer: get worse


suffer: be set at a disadvantage


lose: be set at a disadvantage


better: get better


improve: get better


ameliorate: get better


meliorate: get better


turn around: improve significantly; go from bad to good


pick up: improve significantly; go from bad to good


brisk: become brisk


brisk up: become brisk


brisken: become brisk


better: to make better


improve: to make better


amend: to make better


ameliorate: to make better


meliorate: to make better


turn around: improve dramatically


help: improve; change for the better


upgrade: to improve what was old or outdated


condition: put into a better state


recondition: bring into an improved condition


degrade: lower the grade of something; reduce its worth


cheapen: lower the grade of something; reduce its worth


emend: make improvements or corrections to


iron out: settle or put right


straighten out: settle or put right


put right: settle or put right


worsen: make worse


aggravate: make worse


exacerbate: make worse


exasperate: make worse


deteriorate: become worse or disintegrate


go to pot: become ruined


go to the dogs: become ruined


decay: fall into decay or ruin


crumble: fall into decay or ruin


dilapidate: fall into decay or ruin


decompose: separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts


break up: separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts


break down: separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts


digest: soften or disintegrate by means of chemical action, heat, or moisture


dissociate: to undergo a reversible or temporary breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms


decompose: break down


rot: break down


molder: break down


moulder: break down


hang: suspend (meat) in order to get a gamey taste


spoil: become unfit for consumption or use


go bad: become unfit for consumption or use


smut: become affected with smut


addle: become rotten


mold: become moldy; spoil due to humidity


mildew: become moldy; spoil due to humidity


dry-rot: affect or be affected with dry rot


exsiccate: lose water or moisture


dehydrate: lose water or moisture


dry up: lose water or moisture


desiccate: lose water or moisture


dehydrate: remove water from


desiccate: remove water from


tumble: put clothes in a tumbling barrel, where they are whirled about in hot air, usually with the purpose of drying


freeze-dry: preserve by rapid freezing and subsequently drying in a vacuum


conserve: preserve with sugar


lyophilize: to dry (blood, serum, or tissue) by freezing in a high vacuum


lyophilise: to dry (blood, serum, or tissue) by freezing in a high vacuum


preserve: prevent (food) from rotting


keep: prevent (food) from rotting


dehydrate: preserve by removing all water and liquids from


desiccate: preserve by removing all water and liquids from


tin: prepare (a metal) for soldering or brazing by applying a thin layer of solder to the surface


pickle: preserve in a pickling liquid


salt: preserve with salt


marinade: soak in marinade


marinate: soak in marinade


decoct: steep in hot water


can: preserve in a can or tin


tin: preserve in a can or tin


put up: preserve in a can or tin


hydrate: cause to be hydrated; add water or moisture to


hydrate: become hydrated and combine with water


hydrate: supply water or liquid to in order to maintain a healthy balance


slack: cause to heat and crumble by treatment with water


slake: cause to heat and crumble by treatment with water


air-slake: alter by exposure to air with conversion at least in part to a carbonate


wet: cause to become wet


bedew: cover with drops of dew or as with dew


spin-dry: dry (clothes) by spinning and making use of centrifugal forces


tumble dry: dry by spinning with hot air inside a cylinder


spray-dry: dry by bringing into the form of a spray, through contact with a hot gas


humidify: make (more) humid


moisturize: make (more) humid


moisturise: make (more) humid


dehumidify: make less humid


drench: cover with liquid; pour liquid onto


douse: cover with liquid; pour liquid onto


dowse: cover with liquid; pour liquid onto


soak: cover with liquid; pour liquid onto


sop: cover with liquid; pour liquid onto


souse: cover with liquid; pour liquid onto


brine: soak in brine


bedraggle: make wet and dirty, as from rain


draggle: make wet and dirty, as from rain


bate: soak in a special solution to soften and remove chemicals used in previous treatments


ret: place (flax, hemp, or jute) in liquid so as to promote loosening of the fibers from the woody tissue


flood: cover with liquid, usually water


flow: cover or swamp with water


lave: wash or flow against


lap: wash or flow against


wash: wash or flow against


inundate: fill or cover completely, usually with water


deluge: fill or cover completely, usually with water


submerge: fill or cover completely, usually with water


moisten: make moist


wash: make moist


dampen: make moist


moil: moisten or soil


parch: cause to wither or parch from exposure to heat


sear: cause to wither or parch from exposure to heat


dry: remove the moisture from and make dry


dry out: remove the moisture from and make dry


rough-dry: dry without smoothing or ironing


lubricate: make slippery or smooth through the application of a lubricant


blow-dry: dry hair with a hair dryer


drip-dry: dry by hanging up wet


dry: become dry or drier


dry out: become dry or drier


scorch: become scorched or singed under intense heat or dry conditions


lock: become rigid or immoveable


unlock: become unlocked


engage: get caught


disengage: become free


strengthen: gain strength


attenuate: become weaker, in strength, value, or magnitude


strengthen: make strong or stronger


beef up: make strong or stronger


fortify: make strong or stronger


substantiate: solidify, firm, or strengthen


restrengthen: make strong again


undergird: make secure underneath


brace up: make secure underneath


confirm: make more firm


sandbag: protect or strengthen with sandbags; stop up


spike: add alcohol to (beverages)


lace: add alcohol to (beverages)


fortify: add alcohol to (beverages)


fortify: add nutrients to


reinforce: make stronger


reenforce: make stronger


buttress: make stronger or defensible


buttress: reinforce with a buttress


line: reinforce with fabric


back: establish as valid or genuine


back up: establish as valid or genuine


vouch: give supporting evidence


bolster: support and strengthen


bolster up: support and strengthen


weaken: become weaker


melt: become less intense and fade away gradually


disappear: become less intense and fade away gradually


evaporate: become less intense and fade away gradually


die down: become progressively weaker


die: suffer spiritual death; be damned (in the religious sense)


collapse: lose significance, effectiveness, or value


fade: become less clearly visible or distinguishable; disappear gradually or seemingly


melt: become less clearly visible or distinguishable; disappear gradually or seemingly


weaken: lessen the strength of


depress: lessen the activity or force of


unbrace: remove a brace or braces from


etiolate: make weak by stunting the growth or development of


cripple: deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless


stultify: deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless


dilute: lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture


thin: lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture


thin out: lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture


reduce: lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture


cut: lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture


rarefy: weaken the consistency of (a chemical substance)


attenuate: weaken the consistency of (a chemical substance)


intensify: become more intense


deepen: become more intense


build: develop and grow


redouble: make twice as great or intense


intensify: make more intense, stronger, or more marked; ,


compound: make more intense, stronger, or more marked; ,


heighten: make more intense, stronger, or more marked; ,


deepen: make more intense, stronger, or more marked; ,


heat up: make more intense


hot up: make more intense


screw up: make more intense


fan: make (an emotion) fiercer


blunt: make less sharp


blunt: make less intense


bloody: cover with blood


water: supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams


irrigate: supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams


hose: water with a hose


hose down: water with a hose


sprinkle: scatter with liquid; wet lightly


sparge: scatter with liquid; wet lightly


besprinkle: scatter with liquid; wet lightly


moonshine: distill (alcohol) illegally; produce moonshine


distill: undergo the process of distillation


distil: undergo the process of distillation


distill: extract by the process of distillation


extract: extract by the process of distillation


distil: extract by the process of distillation


enhance: increase


heighten: increase


raise: increase


potentiate: increase the effect of or act synergistically with (a drug or a physiological or biochemical phenomenon)


enhance: make better or more attractive


follow up: increase the effectiveness or success of by further action


touch up: alter so as to produce a more desirable appearance


retouch: alter so as to produce a more desirable appearance


grow: become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain


vegetate: grow or spread abnormally


mushroom: grow and spread fast


grow: increase in size by natural process


undergrow: grow below something


exfoliate: grow by producing or unfolding leaves


vegetate: grow like a plant


vegetate: produce vegetation


vegetate: establish vegetation on


overgrow: grow beyond or across


grow over: grow beyond or across


overgrow: become overgrown


subside: wear off or die down


lessen: wear off or die down


pare: decrease gradually or bit by bit


pare down: decrease gradually or bit by bit


reduce: narrow or limit


tighten: narrow or limit


restrict: place limits on (extent or access)


restrain: place limits on (extent or access)


trammel: place limits on (extent or access)


limit: place limits on (extent or access)


bound: place limits on (extent or access)


confine: place limits on (extent or access)


throttle: place limits on (extent or access)


develop: expand in the form of a series


tie: limit or restrict to


gate: restrict (school boys') movement to the dormitory or campus as a means of punishment


draw the line: reasonably object (to) or set a limit (on)


draw a line: reasonably object (to) or set a limit (on)


mark off: set boundaries to and delimit


mark out: set boundaries to and delimit


rule: keep in check


harness: keep in check


rein: keep in check


baffle: check the emission of (sound)


regulate: check the emission of (sound)


carry: continue or extend


extend: continue or extend


limit: restrict or confine,


circumscribe: restrict or confine,


confine: restrict or confine,


hold down: restrain


number: place a limit on the number of


keep down: place a limit on the number of


cap: restrict the number or amount of


hamper: prevent the progress or free movement of


halter: prevent the progress or free movement of


cramp: prevent the progress or free movement of


strangle: prevent the progress or free movement of


restrict: place restrictions on


curtail: place restrictions on


curb: place restrictions on


cut back: place restrictions on


abridge: lessen, diminish, or curtail


reduce: cook until very little liquid is left


boil down: cook until very little liquid is left


concentrate: cook until very little liquid is left


boil down: be cooked until very little liquid is left


reduce: be cooked until very little liquid is left


decoct: be cooked until very little liquid is left


concentrate: be cooked until very little liquid is left


concentrate: make denser, stronger, or purer


reduce: be the essential element


come down: be the essential element


boil down: be the essential element


deoxidize: to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons


deoxidise: to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons


reduce: to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons


benficiate: subject to a reduction process


crack: break into simpler molecules by means of heat


crack: reduce (petroleum) to a simpler compound by cracking


catabolize: subject to catabolism


catabolise: subject to catabolism


oxidize: add oxygen to or combine with oxygen


oxidise: add oxygen to or combine with oxygen


oxidate: add oxygen to or combine with oxygen


oxidise: enter into a combination with oxygen or become converted into an oxide


oxidize: enter into a combination with oxygen or become converted into an oxide


oxidate: enter into a combination with oxygen or become converted into an oxide


rust: become coated with oxide


breathe: reach full flavor by absorbing air and being let to stand after having been uncorked


pole: deoxidize molten metals by stirring them with a wooden pole


reduce: make smaller


scale down: make smaller


blow up: make large


enlarge: make large


magnify: make large


shrink: become smaller or draw together


contract: become smaller or draw together


stretch: become longer by being stretched and pulled


shrink: reduce in size; reduce physically


reduce: reduce in size; reduce physically


reef: reduce (a sail) by taking in a reef


miniaturize: design or construct on a smaller scale


miniaturise: design or construct on a smaller scale


shrivel: wither, as with a loss of moisture


shrivel up: wither, as with a loss of moisture


shrink: wither, as with a loss of moisture


wither: wither, as with a loss of moisture


blast: shrivel or wither or mature imperfectly


die back: suffer from a disease that kills shoots


die down: suffer from a disease that kills shoots


mummify: dry up and shrivel due to complete loss of moisture


dry up: dry up and shrivel due to complete loss of moisture


reduce: make less complex


consolidate: unite into one


consolidate: bring together into a single whole or system


weld: unite closely or intimately


unite: join or combine


unify: join or combine


merge: join or combine


consubstantiate: unite in one common substance


consubstantiate: become united in substance


abbreviate: shorten


abridge: reduce in scope while retaining essential elements


foreshorten: reduce in scope while retaining essential elements


abbreviate: reduce in scope while retaining essential elements


shorten: reduce in scope while retaining essential elements


cut: reduce in scope while retaining essential elements


contract: reduce in scope while retaining essential elements


reduce: reduce in scope while retaining essential elements


foreshorten: shorten lines in a drawing so as to create an illusion of depth


encapsulate: put in a short or concise form; reduce in volume


capsule: put in a short or concise form; reduce in volume


capsulize: put in a short or concise form; reduce in volume


capsulise: put in a short or concise form; reduce in volume


digest: make more concise


condense: make more concise


concentrate: make more concise


telescope: make smaller or shorter


abate: become less in amount or intensity


let up: become less in amount or intensity


slack off: become less in amount or intensity


slack: become less in amount or intensity


die away: become less in amount or intensity


slake: make less active or intense


abate: make less active or intense


slack: make less active or intense


grow: cause to grow or develop


culture: grow in a special preparation


rotate: plant or grow in a fixed cyclic order of succession


twin: grow as twins


double: increase twofold


duplicate: increase twofold


redouble: double again


geminate: arrange or combine in pairs


triple: increase threefold


treble: increase threefold


pullulate: become abundant; increase rapidly


quadruple: increase fourfold


quintuple: increase fivefold


multiply: combine or increase by multiplication


manifold: combine or increase by multiplication


manifold: make multiple copies of


proliferate: cause to grow or increase rapidly


senesce: grow old or older


age: grow old or older


get on: grow old or older


mature: grow old or older


maturate: grow old or older


turn: become officially one year older


age: begin to seem older; get older


progress: develop in a positive way


come on: develop in a positive way


come along: develop in a positive way


advance: develop in a positive way


get on: develop in a positive way


get along: develop in a positive way


shape up: develop in a positive way


climb: improve one's social status


leapfrog: progress by large jumps instead of small increments


regress: get worse or fall back to a previous condition


retrograde: get worse or fall back to a previous condition


retrogress: get worse or fall back to a previous condition


fossilize: become mentally inflexible


fossilise: become mentally inflexible


age: make older


ripen: grow ripe


ripen: cause to ripen or develop fully


mature: cause to ripen or develop fully


mature: develop and reach maturity; undergo maturation


maturate: develop and reach maturity; undergo maturation


grow: develop and reach maturity; undergo maturation


grow: become attached by or as if by the process of growth


find oneself: accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation


find: accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation


rejuvenate: make younger or more youthful


evolve: undergo development or evolution


work out: come up with


work up: come up with


elaborate: work out in detail


work out: work out in detail


derive: develop or evolve from a latent or potential state


educe: develop or evolve from a latent or potential state


derive: come from


develop: grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment


adolesce: become adolescent; pass through adolescence


build up: form or accumulate steadily


work up: form or accumulate steadily


build: form or accumulate steadily


progress: form or accumulate steadily


build up: bolster or strengthen


work up: bolster or strengthen


build: bolster or strengthen


ramp up: bolster or strengthen


antique: give an antique appearance to


antiquate: give an antique appearance to


antiquate: make obsolete or old-fashioned


develop: cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development


make grow: cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development


incubate: grow under conditions that promote development


mellow: make or grow (more) mellow


mellow: become more relaxed, easygoing, or genial


melt: become more relaxed, easygoing, or genial


mellow out: become more relaxed, easygoing, or genial


mellow: soften, make mellow


soften: become soft or softer


encrust: form a crust or a hard layer


incrust: form a crust or a hard layer


effloresce: become encrusted with crystals due to evaporation


soften: make soft or softer


face-harden: harden steel by adding carbon


callus: form a callus or calluses


callus: cause a callus to form on


mollify: make less rigid or softer


balloon: become inflated


inflate: become inflated


billow: become inflated


reflate: become inflated again


bulge: cause to bulge or swell outwards


bulk: cause to bulge or swell outwards


swell: expand abnormally


swell up: expand abnormally


intumesce: expand abnormally


tumefy: expand abnormally


tumesce: expand abnormally


distend: swell from or as if from internal pressure


distend: cause to expand as it by internal pressure


expand: become larger in size or volume or quantity


belly: swell out or bulge out


belly out: swell out or bulge out


swell: cause to become swollen


tumefy: cause to become very swollen


bilge: take in water at the bilge


take in water: take in water at the bilge


leak: have an opening that allows light or substances to enter or go out


break: crack; of the male voice in puberty


bilge: cause to leak


break: render inoperable or ineffective


damage: inflict damage upon


total: damage beyond the point of repair


bruise: damage (plant tissue) by abrasion or pressure


disturb: damage as if by shaking or jarring


afflict: cause physical pain or suffering in


smite: cause physical pain or suffering in


visit: assail


devastate: overwhelm or overpower


hurt: cause damage or affect negatively


injure: cause damage or affect negatively


repair: restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken


mend: restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken


fix: restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken


bushel: restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken


doctor: restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken


furbish up: restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken


restore: restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken


touch on: restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken


tinker: try to fix or mend


fiddle: try to fix or mend


fill: plug with a substance


piece: repair by adding pieces


patch: repair by adding pieces


cobble: repair or mend


point: repair the joints of bricks


repoint: repair the joints of bricks


overhaul: make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to


modernize: make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to


modernise: make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to


retrofit: substitute new or modernized parts or equipment for older ones


trouble-shoot: solve problems


troubleshoot: solve problems


patch: mend by putting a patch on


patch up: mend by putting a patch on


impair: make worse or less effective


flaw: add a flaw or blemish to; make imperfect or defective


blemish: add a flaw or blemish to; make imperfect or defective


bulge: swell or protrude outwards


pouch: swell or protrude outwards


protrude: swell or protrude outwards


dish: make concave; shape like a dish


bulk: stick out or up


puff: to swell or cause to enlarge,


puff up: to swell or cause to enlarge,


blow up: to swell or cause to enlarge,


puff out: to swell or cause to enlarge,


amplify: increase the volume of


inflate: fill with gas or air


blow up: fill with gas or air


reflate: inflate again


inflate: exaggerate or make bigger


blow up: exaggerate or make bigger


expand: exaggerate or make bigger


amplify: exaggerate or make bigger


puff up: make larger or distend


deflate: become deflated or flaccid, as by losing air


acidify: turn acidic


acetify: turn acidic


alkalize: turn basic and less acidic


alkalise: turn basic and less acidic


alkalify: turn basic and less acidic


basify: turn basic and less acidic


reform: make changes for improvement in order to remove abuse and injustices


reform: improve by alteration or correction of errors or defects and put into a better condition


reform: break up the molecules of


reform: produce by cracking


polymerize: undergo polymerization


polymerise: undergo polymerization


copolymerize: polymerize together


copolymerise: polymerize together


polymerize: cause (a compound) to polymerize


polymerise: cause (a compound) to polymerize


ionize: convert into ions


ionise: convert into ions


ionize: become converted into ions


ionise: become converted into ions


ossify: become bony


ossify: cause to become hard and bony


catalyze: change by catalysis or cause to catalyze


catalyse: change by catalysis or cause to catalyze


dwindle: become smaller or lose substance


dwindle away: become smaller or lose substance


dwindle down: become smaller or lose substance


turn down: make lower or quieter


lower: make lower or quieter


lour: make lower or quieter


get well: improve in health


get over: improve in health


bounce back: improve in health


get worse: deteriorate in health


relapse: deteriorate in health


remit: diminish or abate


paralyze: cause to be paralyzed and immobile


paralyse: cause to be paralyzed and immobile


palsy: affect with palsy


paralyze: make powerless and unable to function


paralyse: make powerless and unable to function


stun: make senseless or dizzy by or as if by a blow


stupefy: make senseless or dizzy by or as if by a blow


immobilize: cause to be unable to move


immobilise: cause to be unable to move


freeze: prohibit the conversion or use of (assets)


block: prohibit the conversion or use of (assets)


immobilize: prohibit the conversion or use of (assets)


immobilise: prohibit the conversion or use of (assets)


unblock: make (assets) available


unfreeze: make (assets) available


free: make (assets) available


release: make (assets) available


immobilize: convert (assets) into fixed capital


immobilise: convert (assets) into fixed capital


mobilize: cause to move around


mobilise: cause to move around


circulate: cause to move around


mobilize: make ready for action or use


mobilise: make ready for action or use


marshal: make ready for action or use


summon: make ready for action or use


acerbate: make sour or bitter


mend: heal or recover


heal: heal or recover


fluctuate: be unstable


stabilize: make stable and keep from fluctuating or put into an equilibrium


stabilise: make stable and keep from fluctuating or put into an equilibrium


peg: stabilize (the price of a commodity or an exchange rate) by legislation or market operations


ballast: make steady with a ballast


guy: steady or support with a guy wire or cable


destabilize: make unstable


destabilise: make unstable


stabilize: become stable or more stable


stabilise: become stable or more stable


destabilize: become unstable


destabilise: become unstable


sensitize: make sensitive or aware


sensitise: make sensitive or aware


sensify: make sensitive or aware


sensibilize: make sensitive or aware


sensibilise: make sensitive or aware


desensitize: make insensitive


desensitise: make insensitive


inure: cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate


harden: cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate


indurate: cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate


callous: make insensitive or callous; deaden feelings or morals


cauterize: make insensitive or callous; deaden feelings or morals


cauterise: make insensitive or callous; deaden feelings or morals


steel oneself against: prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant


steel onself for: prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant


brace oneself for: prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant


prepare for: prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant


habituate: make psychologically or physically used (to something)


accustom: make psychologically or physically used (to something)


teach: accustom gradually to some action or attitude


corrode: become destroyed by water, air, or a corrosive such as an acid


rust: become destroyed by water, air, or a corrosive such as an acid


corrode: cause to deteriorate due to the action of water, air, or an acid


eat: cause to deteriorate due to the action of water, air, or an acid


rust: cause to deteriorate due to the action of water, air, or an acid


fret: wear away or erode


eat away: wear away or erode


erode: remove soil or rock


eat away: remove soil or rock


fret: remove soil or rock


wash: form by erosion


weather: change under the action or influence of the weather


erode: become ground down or deteriorate


gnaw: become ground down or deteriorate


gnaw at: become ground down or deteriorate


eat at: become ground down or deteriorate


wear away: become ground down or deteriorate


ablate: wear away through erosion or vaporization


regularize: make regular or more regular


regularise: make regular or more regular


tidy: put (things or places) in order


tidy up: put (things or places) in order


clean up: put (things or places) in order


neaten: put (things or places) in order


straighten: put (things or places) in order


straighten out: put (things or places) in order


square away: put (things or places) in order


make: put in order or neaten


make up: put in order or neaten


mess: make a mess of or create disorder in


mess up: make a mess of or create disorder in


disorder: bring disorder to


disarray: bring disorder to


perturb: throw into great confusion or disorder


derange: throw into great confusion or disorder


throw out of kilter: throw into great confusion or disorder


order: place in a certain order


predate: establish something as being earlier relative to something else


antedate: establish something as being earlier relative to something else


foredate: establish something as being earlier relative to something else


postdate: establish something as being later relative to something else


chronologize: establish the order in time of something


chronologise: establish the order in time of something


order: bring order to or into


straighten: make straight or straighter


disarrange: disturb the arrangement of


rearrange: put into a new order or arrangement


recode: put into a different code; rearrange mentally


reshuffle: reorganize and assign posts to different people


randomize: arrange in random order


randomise: arrange in random order


serialize: arrange serially


serialise: arrange serially


alphabetize: arrange in alphabetical order


alphabetise: arrange in alphabetical order


bleach: make whiter or lighter


peroxide: bleach with peroxide


bleach: remove color from


bleach out: remove color from


decolor: remove color from


decolour: remove color from


decolorize: remove color from


decolourize: remove color from


decolorise: remove color from


decolourise: remove color from


discolorize: remove color from


discolourise: remove color from


discolorise: remove color from


wash out: lose color in the process of being washed


whiten: turn white


white: turn white


blacken: make or become black


melanize: make or become black


melanise: make or become black


nigrify: make or become black


black: make or become black


melanize: convert into, or infiltrate with melanin