spatulate leaf: spatula-shaped leaf; having a broad rounded apex and narrow base


bipinnate leaf: a leaf having pinnate leaflets; as ferns


even-pinnate leaf: a pinnate leaf with a pair of leaflets at the apex


abruptly-pinnate leaf: a pinnate leaf with a pair of leaflets at the apex


odd-pinnate leaf: a pinnate leaf with a single leaflet at the apex


pedate leaf: a leaf having the radiating lobes each deeply cleft or divided


entire leaf: a leaf having a smooth margin without notches or indentations


crenate leaf: a leaf having a scalloped margin


serrate leaf: a leaf having a margin notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex


dentate leaf: a leaf having a toothed margin


denticulate leaf: a leaf having a finely toothed margin; minutely dentate


emarginate leaf: a leaf having a notch at the apex


erose leaf: a leaf having a jagged margin as though gnawed


runcinate leaf: a leaf having incised margins with the lobes or teeth curved toward the base; as a dandelion leaf


lobed leaf: a leaf having deeply indented margins


lobe: (botany) a part into which a leaf is divided


parallel-veined leaf: a leaf whose veins run in parallel from the stem


parted leaf: a leaf having margins incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes


prickly-edged leaf: a leaf having prickly margins


rosette: a cluster of leaves growing in crowded circles from a common center or crown (usually at or close to the ground)


ligule: (botany) any appendage to a plant that is shaped like a strap


bark: tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants


winter's bark: aromatic bark having tonic and stimulant properties


tapa: the thin fibrous bark of the paper mulberry and Pipturus albidus


tapa bark: the thin fibrous bark of the paper mulberry and Pipturus albidus


tappa: the thin fibrous bark of the paper mulberry and Pipturus albidus


tappa bark: the thin fibrous bark of the paper mulberry and Pipturus albidus


angostura bark: the bitter bark of a South American tree; used in medicines and liqueurs and bitters


angostura: the bitter bark of a South American tree; used in medicines and liqueurs and bitters


branch: a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant


culm: stem of plants of the Gramineae


deadwood: a branch or a part of a tree that is dead


haulm: stems of beans and peas and potatoes and grasses collectively as used for thatching and bedding


halm: stems of beans and peas and potatoes and grasses collectively as used for thatching and bedding


limb: any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree


tree branch: any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree


branchlet: a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year


twig: a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year


sprig: a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year


wand: a thin supple twig or rod


withe: strong flexible twig


withy: strong flexible twig


osier: flexible twig of a willow tree


sprout: any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud


shoot: a new branch


sucker: a shoot arising from a plant's roots


tiller: a shoot that sprouts from the base of a grass


bud: a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals


leaf bud: a bud from which leaves (but not flowers) develop


flower bud: a bud from which only a flower or flowers develop


mixed bud: a bud yielding both leaves and flowers


stick: a small thin branch of a tree


bough: any of the larger branches of a tree


trunk: the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber


tree trunk: the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber


bole: the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber


burl: a large rounded outgrowth on the trunk or branch of a tree


burl: the wood cut from a tree burl or outgrowth; often used decoratively in veneer


fern family: families of ferns and fern allies


fern genus: genera of ferns and fern allies


Filicopsida: ferns


class Filicopsida: ferns


Filicinae: ferns


class Filicinae: ferns


Filicales: true (leptosporangiate) ferns


order Filicales: true (leptosporangiate) ferns


Polypodiales: true (leptosporangiate) ferns


order Polypodiales: true (leptosporangiate) ferns


Gleicheniaceae: a family of ferns belonging to order Filicales


family Gleicheniaceae: a family of ferns belonging to order Filicales


Gleichenia: type genus of Gleicheniaceae: leptosporangiate ferns with sessile sporangia; South Africa to Malaysia and New Zealand


genus Gleichenia: type genus of Gleicheniaceae: leptosporangiate ferns with sessile sporangia; South Africa to Malaysia and New Zealand


Dicranopteris: terrestrial ferns of forest margin or open ground; pantropical


genus Dicranopteris: terrestrial ferns of forest margin or open ground; pantropical


Diplopterygium: scandent thicket-forming ferns of Asia to western Pacific


genus Diplopterygium: scandent thicket-forming ferns of Asia to western Pacific


giant scrambling fern: large scrambling fern forming large patches to 18 feet high; Pacific region and China


Diplopterygium longissimum: large scrambling fern forming large patches to 18 feet high; Pacific region and China


Sticherus: umbrella ferns; warm regions of Australia and New Zealand


genus Sticherus: umbrella ferns; warm regions of Australia and New Zealand


umbrella fern: large Australasian fern with fanlike repeatedly forked fronds; sometimes placed in genus Gleichenia


fan fern: large Australasian fern with fanlike repeatedly forked fronds; sometimes placed in genus Gleichenia


Sticherus flabellatus: large Australasian fern with fanlike repeatedly forked fronds; sometimes placed in genus Gleichenia


Gleichenia flabellata: large Australasian fern with fanlike repeatedly forked fronds; sometimes placed in genus Gleichenia


Parkeriaceae: coextensive with the genus Ceratopteris; sometimes included in family Polypodiaceae


family Parkeriaceae: coextensive with the genus Ceratopteris; sometimes included in family Polypodiaceae


Ceratopteris: water ferns


genus Ceratopteris: water ferns


floating fern: aquatic fern of tropical America often used in aquariums


water sprite: aquatic fern of tropical America often used in aquariums


Ceratopteris pteridioides: aquatic fern of tropical America often used in aquariums


floating fern: pantropical aquatic fern


Ceratopteris thalictroides: pantropical aquatic fern


Polypodiaceae: ferns: a large family that in some classification systems has been subdivided into several families (including Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae and Davalliaceae and Dennstaedtiaceae and Dryopteridaceae and Oleandraceae and Pteridaceae)


family Polypodiaceae: ferns: a large family that in some classification systems has been subdivided into several families (including Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae and Davalliaceae and Dennstaedtiaceae and Dryopteridaceae and Oleandraceae and Pteridaceae)


Polypodium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae and having rounded naked sori


genus Polypodium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae and having rounded naked sori


polypody: any of numerous ferns of the genus Polypodium


licorice fern: fern having rootstock of a sweetish flavor


Polypodium glycyrrhiza: fern having rootstock of a sweetish flavor


grey polypody: fern growing on rocks or tree trunks and having fronds greyish and scurfy below; Americas and South Africa


gray polypody: fern growing on rocks or tree trunks and having fronds greyish and scurfy below; Americas and South Africa


resurrection fern: fern growing on rocks or tree trunks and having fronds greyish and scurfy below; Americas and South Africa


Polypodium polypodioides: fern growing on rocks or tree trunks and having fronds greyish and scurfy below; Americas and South Africa


leatherleaf: stiff leathery-leaved fern of western North America having ovate fronds parted to the midrib


leathery polypody: stiff leathery-leaved fern of western North America having ovate fronds parted to the midrib


coast polypody: stiff leathery-leaved fern of western North America having ovate fronds parted to the midrib


Polypodium scouleri: stiff leathery-leaved fern of western North America having ovate fronds parted to the midrib


rock polypody: chiefly lithophytic or epiphytic fern of North America and east Asia


rock brake: chiefly lithophytic or epiphytic fern of North America and east Asia


American wall fern: chiefly lithophytic or epiphytic fern of North America and east Asia


Polypodium virgianum: chiefly lithophytic or epiphytic fern of North America and east Asia


common polypody: mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia


adder's fern: mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia


wall fern: mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia


golden maidenhair: mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia


golden polypody: mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia


sweet fern: mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia


Polypodium vulgare: mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia


Aglaomorpha: epiphytic ferns of tropical Asia


genus Aglaomorpha: epiphytic ferns of tropical Asia


bear's-paw fern: epiphytic fern with large fronds; Taiwan and Philippines


Aglaomorpha meyeniana: epiphytic fern with large fronds; Taiwan and Philippines


Campyloneurum: epiphytic ferns of tropical America


genus Campyloneurum: epiphytic ferns of tropical America


strap fern: fern with long narrow strap-shaped leaves


Florida strap fern: common epiphytic or sometimes terrestrial fern having pale yellow-green strap-shaped leaves; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Uruguay


cow-tongue fern: common epiphytic or sometimes terrestrial fern having pale yellow-green strap-shaped leaves; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Uruguay


hart's-tongue fern: common epiphytic or sometimes terrestrial fern having pale yellow-green strap-shaped leaves; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Uruguay


Central American strap fern: fern with shorter and narrower leaves than Florida strap fern; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Argentina


narrow-leaved strap fern: fern with shorter and narrower leaves than Florida strap fern; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Argentina


Campyloneurum augustifolium: fern with shorter and narrower leaves than Florida strap fern; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Argentina


Drymoglossum: epiphytic ferns of Madagascar to tropical Asia and New Guinea


genus Drymoglossum: epiphytic ferns of Madagascar to tropical Asia and New Guinea


Drynaria: large robust epiphytic ferns of tropical forest and scrub; Africa and Asia and Australia


genus Drynaria: large robust epiphytic ferns of tropical forest and scrub; Africa and Asia and Australia


basket fern: giant epiphytic or lithophytic fern; Asia to Polynesia and Australia


Drynaria rigidula: giant epiphytic or lithophytic fern; Asia to Polynesia and Australia


genus Lecanopteris: epiphytic ferns of southeastern Asia to New Guinea


lecanopteris: any of several bizarre ferns of the genus Lecanopteris having swollen hollow rhizomes that provide homes for symbiotic ants


Microgramma: epiphytic ferns of tropical America and Africa


genus Microgramma: epiphytic ferns of tropical America and Africa


snake polypody: epiphytic ferns with long rhizomes; tropical America


Microgramma-piloselloides: epiphytic ferns with long rhizomes; tropical America


Microsorium: tropical usually epiphytic ferns; Africa to Asia and Polynesia to Australia


genus Microsorium: tropical usually epiphytic ferns; Africa to Asia and Polynesia to Australia


climbing bird's nest fern: tropical Africa to Australasia and Polynesia


Microsorium punctatum: tropical Africa to Australasia and Polynesia


Phlebodium: chiefly epiphytic tropical ferns with free veins bearing sori


genus Phlebodium: chiefly epiphytic tropical ferns with free veins bearing sori


golden polypody: tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium


serpent fern: tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium


rabbit's-foot fern: tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium


Phlebodium aureum: tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium


Polypodium aureum: tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium


Platycerium: often epiphytic tropical Old World ferns


genus Platycerium: often epiphytic tropical Old World ferns


staghorn fern: any of various tropical ferns of the genus Platycerium having large flat lobed fronds often resembling the antlers of a stag


South American staghorn: fern of Peru and Bolivia


Platycerium andinum: fern of Peru and Bolivia


common staghorn fern: commonly cultivated fern of Australia and southeastern Asia and Polynesia


elkhorn fern: commonly cultivated fern of Australia and southeastern Asia and Polynesia


Platycerium bifurcatum: commonly cultivated fern of Australia and southeastern Asia and Polynesia


Platycerium alcicorne: commonly cultivated fern of Australia and southeastern Asia and Polynesia


Pyrrosia: epiphytic or lithophytic or terrestrial ferns of tropical Old World


genus Pyrrosia: epiphytic or lithophytic or terrestrial ferns of tropical Old World


felt fern: east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus


tongue fern: east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus


Pyrrosia lingua: east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus


Cyclophorus lingua: east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus


Solanopteris: tropical American epiphytic ferns having rhizomes with tubers and roots as well as scales


genus Solanopteris: tropical American epiphytic ferns having rhizomes with tubers and roots as well as scales


potato fern: small epiphytic fern of South America with tuberous swellings along rhizomes


Solanopteris bifrons: small epiphytic fern of South America with tuberous swellings along rhizomes


Cyclophorus: tropical Old World ferns having closely crowded circular sori and no indusia


genus Cyclophorus: tropical Old World ferns having closely crowded circular sori and no indusia


myrmecophyte: plant that affords shelter or food to ants that live in symbiotic relations with it


Adiantaceae: used in some classification systems for some genera of the family Polypodiaceae (or Pteridaceae)


family Adiantaceae: used in some classification systems for some genera of the family Polypodiaceae (or Pteridaceae)


Vittariaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems: genus Vittaria


family Vittariaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems: genus Vittaria


Vittaria: tropical epiphytic ferns with straplike fronds


genus Vittaria: tropical epiphytic ferns with straplike fronds


grass fern: epiphytic fern found in lowland forests of tropical America


ribbon fern: epiphytic fern found in lowland forests of tropical America


Vittaria lineata: epiphytic fern found in lowland forests of tropical America


Aspleniaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Asplenium, Pleurosorus, Schaffneria


family Aspleniaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Asplenium, Pleurosorus, Schaffneria


Asplenium: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae


genus Asplenium: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae


spleenwort: any of various chiefly rock-inhabiting ferns of the genus Asplenium


black spleenwort: spleenwort of Europe and Africa and Asia having pinnate fronds and yielding an astringent


Asplenium adiantum-nigrum: spleenwort of Europe and Africa and Asia having pinnate fronds and yielding an astringent


bird's nest fern: tropical Old World or Australian epiphytic fern frequently forming tufts in tree crotches


Asplenium nidus: tropical Old World or Australian epiphytic fern frequently forming tufts in tree crotches


ebony spleenwort: common North American fern with polished black stripes


Scott's Spleenwort: common North American fern with polished black stripes


Asplenium platyneuron: common North American fern with polished black stripes


black-stem spleenwort: fern of tropical America: from southern United States to West Indies and Mexico to Brazil


black-stemmed spleenwort: fern of tropical America: from southern United States to West Indies and Mexico to Brazil


little ebony spleenwort: fern of tropical America: from southern United States to West Indies and Mexico to Brazil


Camptosorus: classification used in some especially former systems for plants usually placed in genus Asplenium


genus Camptosorus: classification used in some especially former systems for plants usually placed in genus Asplenium


walking fern: ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip


walking leaf: ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip


Asplenium rhizophyllum: ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip


Camptosorus rhizophyllus: ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip


maidenhair spleenwort: small rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate zone and Hawaii with pinnate fronds


Asplenium trichomanes: small rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate zone and Hawaii with pinnate fronds


green spleenwort: a small fern with slim green fronds; widely distributed in cool parts of northern hemisphere


Asplenium viride: a small fern with slim green fronds; widely distributed in cool parts of northern hemisphere


mountain spleenwort: a spleenwort of eastern North America


Asplenium montanum: a spleenwort of eastern North America


wall rue: small delicate spleenwort found on a steep slope (as a wall or cliff) of Eurasia and North America


wall rue spleenwort: small delicate spleenwort found on a steep slope (as a wall or cliff) of Eurasia and North America


Asplenium ruta-muraria: small delicate spleenwort found on a steep slope (as a wall or cliff) of Eurasia and North America


Bradley's spleenwort: a spleenwort of eastern to southern United States


Asplenium bradleyi: a spleenwort of eastern to southern United States


lobed spleenwort: a spleenwort of eastern and southern United States


Asplenium pinnatifidum: a spleenwort of eastern and southern United States


lanceolate spleenwort: a spleenwort of western Europe


Asplenium billotii: a spleenwort of western Europe


hart's-tongue: Eurasian fern with simple lanceolate fronds


hart's-tongue fern: Eurasian fern with simple lanceolate fronds


Asplenium scolopendrium: Eurasian fern with simple lanceolate fronds


Phyllitis scolopendrium: Eurasian fern with simple lanceolate fronds


Ceterach: small genus of Old World ferns; superseded in some classification systems which place plants of this genus in e.g. genera Asplenium and Pleurosorus


genus Ceterach: small genus of Old World ferns; superseded in some classification systems which place plants of this genus in e.g. genera Asplenium and Pleurosorus


scale fern: small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds


scaly fern: small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds


Asplenium ceterach: small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds


Ceterach officinarum: small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds


Pleurosorus: small genus comprising terrestrial ferns; found in Chile and Spain and Morocco and Australia and New Zealand


genus Pleurosorus: small genus comprising terrestrial ferns; found in Chile and Spain and Morocco and Australia and New Zealand


Schaffneria: one species


genus Schaffneria: one species


Schaffneria nigripes: a fern of the genus Schaffneria


Asplenium nigripes: a fern of the genus Schaffneria


Scolopendrium nigripes: a fern of the genus Schaffneria


Phyllitis: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae (in some classification systems included in genus Asplenium)


genus Phyllitis: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae (in some classification systems included in genus Asplenium)


genus Scolopendrium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae (in some classification systems included in genus Asplenium)


scolopendrium: a fern thought to resemble a millipede


Blechnaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Blechnum, Doodia, Sadleria, Stenochlaena, and Woodwardia


family Blechnaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Blechnum, Doodia, Sadleria, Stenochlaena, and Woodwardia


Blechnum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; terrestrial ferns of cosmopolitan distribution mainly in southern hemisphere: hard ferns


genus Blechnum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; terrestrial ferns of cosmopolitan distribution mainly in southern hemisphere: hard ferns


hard fern: any of several ferns of the genus Blechnum


deer fern: fern with erect fronds of Europe and western North America; often cultivated for deer browse


Blechnum spicant: fern with erect fronds of Europe and western North America; often cultivated for deer browse


genus Doodia: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; small terrestrial colony-forming ferns of Australasia


Doodia: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; small terrestrial colony-forming ferns of Australasia


doodia: any fern of the genus Doodia having pinnate fronds with sharply dentate pinnae


rasp fern: any fern of the genus Doodia having pinnate fronds with sharply dentate pinnae


Sadleria: low tree ferns with large fronds; in rain forests and on lava flows of Hawaiian Islands


genus Sadleria: low tree ferns with large fronds; in rain forests and on lava flows of Hawaiian Islands


Stenochlaena: large tropical ferns; some epiphytic climbers and some terrestrial bog ferns; Africa; Asia; Australasia


genus Stenochlaena: large tropical ferns; some epiphytic climbers and some terrestrial bog ferns; Africa; Asia; Australasia


Woodwardia: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae: chain ferns


genus Woodwardia: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae: chain ferns


chain fern: a fern of the genus Woodwardia having the sori in chainlike rows


Virginia chain fern: North American fern


Woodwardia virginica: North American fern


tree fern: any of numerous usually tropical ferns having a thick woody stem or caudex and a crown of large fronds; found especially in Australia and New Zealand; chiefly of the families Cyatheaceae and Marattiaceae but some from Polypodiaceae


Cyatheaceae: tropical tree ferns


family Cyatheaceae: tropical tree ferns


Cyathea: type genus of the Cyatheaceae: tree ferns of the tropical rain forest to temperate woodlands


genus Cyathea: type genus of the Cyatheaceae: tree ferns of the tropical rain forest to temperate woodlands


silver tree fern: a showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia having a crown of pinnated fronds with whitish undersides


sago fern: a showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia having a crown of pinnated fronds with whitish undersides


black tree fern: a showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia having a crown of pinnated fronds with whitish undersides


Cyathea medullaris: a showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia having a crown of pinnated fronds with whitish undersides


Davalliaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


family Davalliaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


genus Davallia: Old World tropical fern; in some classification systems placed directly in family Polypodiaceae


davallia: any fern of the genus Davallia; having scaly creeping rhizomes


hare's-foot fern: either of two ferns of the genus Davallia having a soft grey hairy rootstock


Canary Island hare's foot fern: fern of the Canary Islands and Madeira


Davallia canariensis: fern of the Canary Islands and Madeira


Australian hare's foot: a hare's-foot fern of the genus Davallia


Davallia pyxidata: a hare's-foot fern of the genus Davallia


squirrel's-foot fern: feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia


ball fern: feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia


Davalia bullata: feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia


Davalia bullata mariesii: feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia


Davallia Mariesii: feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia


Dennstaedtiaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


family Dennstaedtiaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


Dennstaedtia: chiefly terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae


genus Dennstaedtia: chiefly terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae


hay-scented: fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay


hay-scented fern: fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay


scented fern: fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay


boulder fern: fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay


Dennstaedtia punctilobula: fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay


Pteridium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Dennstaedtiaceae


genus Pteridium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Dennstaedtiaceae


bracken: large coarse fern often several feet high; essentially weed ferns; cosmopolitan


pasture brake: large coarse fern often several feet high; essentially weed ferns; cosmopolitan


brake: large coarse fern often several feet high; essentially weed ferns; cosmopolitan


Pteridium aquilinum: large coarse fern often several feet high; essentially weed ferns; cosmopolitan


bracken: fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions


Pteridium esculentum: fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions


Dicksoniaceae: tree ferns: genera Dicksonia, Cibotium, Culcita, and Thyrsopteris elegans


family Dicksoniaceae: tree ferns: genera Dicksonia, Cibotium, Culcita, and Thyrsopteris elegans


Dicksonia: tree ferns of temperate Australasia having bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid fronds and usually marginal sori; in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae


genus Dicksonia: tree ferns of temperate Australasia having bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid fronds and usually marginal sori; in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae


soft tree fern: of Australia and Tasmania; often cultivated; hardy in cool climates


Dicksonia antarctica: of Australia and Tasmania; often cultivated; hardy in cool climates


Cibotium: in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae: ornamental tree ferns with coarse gracefully drooping fronds


genus Cibotium: in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae: ornamental tree ferns with coarse gracefully drooping fronds


Scythian lamb: Asiatic tree fern having dense matted hairs sometimes used as a styptic


Cibotium barometz: Asiatic tree fern having dense matted hairs sometimes used as a styptic


Culcita: includes some plants usually placed in e.g. genus Dicksonia: terrestrial ferns resembling bracken; tropical America; Malaysia to Australia and Polynesia; southwestern Europe and Atlantic islands


genus Culcita: includes some plants usually placed in e.g. genus Dicksonia: terrestrial ferns resembling bracken; tropical America; Malaysia to Australia and Polynesia; southwestern Europe and Atlantic islands


false bracken: resembles Pteridium aquilinum; of Queensland, Australia


Culcita dubia: resembles Pteridium aquilinum; of Queensland, Australia


genus Thyrsopteris: one species


thyrsopteris: a terrestrial tree fern of South America


Thyrsopteris elegans: a terrestrial tree fern of South America


Dryopteridaceae: alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


family Dryopteridaceae: alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


Athyriaceae: alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


family Athyriaceae: alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


shield fern: any of various ferns of the genera Dryopteris or Polystichum or Lastreopsis having somewhat shield-shaped coverings on the sori


buckler fern: any of various ferns of the genera Dryopteris or Polystichum or Lastreopsis having somewhat shield-shaped coverings on the sori


Dryopteris: large widespread genus of medium-sized terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae


genus Dryopteris: large widespread genus of medium-sized terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae


broad buckler-fern: European shield fern


Dryopteris dilatata: European shield fern


fragrant cliff fern: fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds


fragrant shield fern: fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds


fragrant wood fern: fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds


Dryopteris fragrans: fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds


Goldie's fern: North American fern with a blackish lustrous stipe


Goldie's shield fern: North American fern with a blackish lustrous stipe


goldie's wood fern: North American fern with a blackish lustrous stipe


Dryopteris goldiana: North American fern with a blackish lustrous stipe


wood fern: any of various ferns of the genus Dryopteris


wood-fern: any of various ferns of the genus Dryopteris


woodfern: any of various ferns of the genus Dryopteris


male fern: fern of North America and Europe whose rhizomes and stalks yield an oleoresin used to expel tapeworms


Dryopteris filix-mas: fern of North America and Europe whose rhizomes and stalks yield an oleoresin used to expel tapeworms


marginal wood fern: North American fern with evergreen fronds


evergreen wood fern: North American fern with evergreen fronds


leatherleaf wood fern: North American fern with evergreen fronds


Dryopteris marginalis: North American fern with evergreen fronds


mountain male fern: a fern of the genus Dryopteris


Dryopteris oreades: a fern of the genus Dryopteris


Athyrium: temperate and tropical lady ferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or in the genus Asplenium


genus Athyrium: temperate and tropical lady ferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or in the genus Asplenium


lady fern: most widely grown fern of the genus Athyrium for its delicate foliage


Athyrium filix-femina: most widely grown fern of the genus Athyrium for its delicate foliage


Alpine lady fern: a lady fern with deeply cut leaf segments; found in the Rocky Mountains


Athyrium distentifolium: a lady fern with deeply cut leaf segments; found in the Rocky Mountains


silvery spleenwort: North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks


glade fern: North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks


narrow-leaved spleenwort: North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks


Athyrium pycnocarpon: North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks


Diplazium pycnocarpon: North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks


Cyrtomium: small genus of tropical Asiatic greenhouse ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae


genus Cyrtomium: small genus of tropical Asiatic greenhouse ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae


holly fern: tropical Old World fern having glossy fronds suggestive of holly; sometimes placed in genus Polystichum


Cyrtomium aculeatum: tropical Old World fern having glossy fronds suggestive of holly; sometimes placed in genus Polystichum


Polystichum aculeatum: tropical Old World fern having glossy fronds suggestive of holly; sometimes placed in genus Polystichum


Cystopteris: chiefly small perennial rock ferns: bladder ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae


genus Cystopteris: chiefly small perennial rock ferns: bladder ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae


bladder fern: any fern of the genus Cystopteris characterized by a hooded indusium or bladderlike membrane covering the sori


brittle bladder fern: delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems


brittle fern: delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems


fragile fern: delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems


Cystopteris fragilis: delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems


mountain bladder fern: fern of rocky mountainous areas of hemisphere


Cystopteris montana: fern of rocky mountainous areas of hemisphere


bulblet fern: North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets


bulblet bladder fern: North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets


berry fern: North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets


Cystopteris bulbifera: North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets


Deparia: classification used for 5 species of terrestrial ferns usually placed in other genera


genus Deparia: classification used for 5 species of terrestrial ferns usually placed in other genera


silvery spleenwort: fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores


Deparia acrostichoides: fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores


Athyrium thelypteroides: fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores


Diacalpa: one species: delicate fern of foothills of Himalayas


genus Diacalpa: one species: delicate fern of foothills of Himalayas


Gymnocarpium: oak ferns: in some classification systems included in genus Thelypteris


genus Gymnocarpium: oak ferns: in some classification systems included in genus Thelypteris


oak fern: bright blue-green fern widely distributed especially in damp acid woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere


Gymnocarpium dryopteris: bright blue-green fern widely distributed especially in damp acid woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere


Thelypteris dryopteris: bright blue-green fern widely distributed especially in damp acid woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere


limestone fern: yellow-green fern of rocky areas of northern hemisphere


northern oak fern: yellow-green fern of rocky areas of northern hemisphere


Gymnocarpium robertianum: yellow-green fern of rocky areas of northern hemisphere


Lastreopsis: tropical terrestrial shield ferns


genus Lastreopsis: tropical terrestrial shield ferns


Matteuccia: small genus sometimes included in genus Onoclea; in some classifications both genera are placed in Polypodiaceae


genus Matteuccia: small genus sometimes included in genus Onoclea; in some classifications both genera are placed in Polypodiaceae


Pteretis: small genus sometimes included in genus Onoclea; in some classifications both genera are placed in Polypodiaceae


genus Pteretis: small genus sometimes included in genus Onoclea; in some classifications both genera are placed in Polypodiaceae


ostrich fern: tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes


shuttlecock fern: tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes


fiddlehead: tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes


Matteuccia struthiopteris: tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes


Pteretis struthiopteris: tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes


Onoclea struthiopteris: tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes


Olfersia: genus of fern having only one species


genus Olfersia: genus of fern having only one species


hart's-tongue: tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya


hart's-tongue fern: tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya


Olfersia cervina: tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya


Polybotrya cervina: tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya


Polybotria cervina: tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya


Onoclea: one species: sensitive fern; in some classifications included in Polypodiaceae


genus Onoclea: one species: sensitive fern; in some classifications included in Polypodiaceae


sensitive fern: beautiful spreading fern of eastern North America and eastern Asia naturalized in western Europe; pinnately divided fronds show a slight tendency to fold when touched; pinnules enclose groups of sori in beadlike lobes


bead fern: beautiful spreading fern of eastern North America and eastern Asia naturalized in western Europe; pinnately divided fronds show a slight tendency to fold when touched; pinnules enclose groups of sori in beadlike lobes


Onoclea sensibilis: beautiful spreading fern of eastern North America and eastern Asia naturalized in western Europe; pinnately divided fronds show a slight tendency to fold when touched; pinnules enclose groups of sori in beadlike lobes


Polybotrya: tropical American ferns; usually terrestrial when young but scandent later


genus Polybotrya: tropical American ferns; usually terrestrial when young but scandent later


Polybotria: tropical American ferns; usually terrestrial when young but scandent later


genus Polybotria: tropical American ferns; usually terrestrial when young but scandent later


Polystichum: small to medium-sized terrestrial ferns especially holly ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae


genus Polystichum: small to medium-sized terrestrial ferns especially holly ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae


Christmas fern: North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds


canker brake: North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds


dagger fern: North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds


evergreen wood fern: North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds


Polystichum acrostichoides: North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds


holly fern: any of various ferns of the genus Polystichum having fronds with texture and gloss like holly


Braun's holly fern: North American fern whose more or less evergreen leathery fronds are covered with pale brown chafflike scales


prickly shield fern: North American fern whose more or less evergreen leathery fronds are covered with pale brown chafflike scales


Polystichum braunii: North American fern whose more or less evergreen leathery fronds are covered with pale brown chafflike scales


northern holly fern: evergreen European fern widely cultivated


Polystichum lonchitis: evergreen European fern widely cultivated


western holly fern: North American fern


Polystichum scopulinum: North American fern


soft shield fern: European shield fern cultivated in many varieties


Polystichum setiferum: European shield fern cultivated in many varieties


Rumohra: leatherleaf ferns: in some classifications included in genus Polystichum


genus Rumohra: leatherleaf ferns: in some classifications included in genus Polystichum


leather fern: widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds


leatherleaf fern: widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds


ten-day fern: widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds


Rumohra adiantiformis: widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds


Polystichum adiantiformis: widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds


Tectaria: terrestrial or epilithic ferns of tropical rain forests


genus Tectaria: terrestrial or epilithic ferns of tropical rain forests


button fern: Jamaican fern having round buttonlike bulbils


Tectaria cicutaria: Jamaican fern having round buttonlike bulbils


Indian button fern: fern of tropical Asia having round buttonlike bulbils


Tectaria macrodonta: fern of tropical Asia having round buttonlike bulbils


genus Woodsia: genus of small to medium-sized usually rock-inhabiting ferns of temperate and cold regions; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae


woodsia: any fern of the genus Woodsia


rusty woodsia: a common rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate regions having rusty-brown stipes and lanceolate pinnate fronds


fragrant woodsia: a common rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate regions having rusty-brown stipes and lanceolate pinnate fronds


oblong woodsia: a common rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate regions having rusty-brown stipes and lanceolate pinnate fronds


Woodsia ilvensis: a common rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate regions having rusty-brown stipes and lanceolate pinnate fronds


Alpine woodsia: slender fern of northern North America with shining chestnut-colored stipes and bipinnate fronds with usually distinct marginal sori


northern woodsia: slender fern of northern North America with shining chestnut-colored stipes and bipinnate fronds with usually distinct marginal sori


flower-cup fern: slender fern of northern North America with shining chestnut-colored stipes and bipinnate fronds with usually distinct marginal sori


Woodsia alpina: slender fern of northern North America with shining chestnut-colored stipes and bipinnate fronds with usually distinct marginal sori


smooth woodsia: rock-inhabiting fern of Arctic and subarctic Europe to eastern Asia


Woodsia glabella: rock-inhabiting fern of Arctic and subarctic Europe to eastern Asia


Lomariopsidaceae: small family of usually scandent ferns


family Lomariopsidaceae: small family of usually scandent ferns


Bolbitis: terrestrial or less than normally scandent ferns of tropical regions of northern hemisphere


genus Bolbitis: terrestrial or less than normally scandent ferns of tropical regions of northern hemisphere


Lomogramma: large scandent ferns of southeastern Asia


genus Lomogramma: large scandent ferns of southeastern Asia


Lophosoriaceae: very small family of tree ferns


family Lophosoriaceae: very small family of tree ferns


Lophosoria: one species: tree fern of Central and South America


genus Lophosoria: one species: tree fern of Central and South America


Loxomataceae: very small family of New Zealand ferns


family Loxomataceae: very small family of New Zealand ferns


Loxoma: one species of terrestrial ferns of New Zealand


genus Loxoma: one species of terrestrial ferns of New Zealand


Oleandraceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


family Oleandraceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


Oleandra: or family Polypodiaceae: tropical epiphytic or terrestrial ferns


genus Oleandra: or family Polypodiaceae: tropical epiphytic or terrestrial ferns


oleander fern: tropical fern having leathery fronds resembling oleander; found from Asia to Polynesia


Oleandra neriiformis: tropical fern having leathery fronds resembling oleander; found from Asia to Polynesia


Oleandra mollis: tropical fern having leathery fronds resembling oleander; found from Asia to Polynesia


Arthropteris: tropical and subtropical Old World epiphytic or lithophytic ferns


genus Arthropteris: tropical and subtropical Old World epiphytic or lithophytic ferns


Nephrolepis: small genus of tropical ferns; sometimes placed in Polypodiaceae


genus Nephrolepis: small genus of tropical ferns; sometimes placed in Polypodiaceae


sword fern: any of several tropical ferns having more or less sword-shaped fronds including one from which the Boston fern developed


Boston fern: a sword fern with arching or drooping pinnate fronds; a popular houseplant


Nephrolepis exaltata: a sword fern with arching or drooping pinnate fronds; a popular houseplant


Nephrolepis exaltata bostoniensis: a sword fern with arching or drooping pinnate fronds; a popular houseplant


basket fern: tropical American fern cultivated for its finely divided greyish-green foliage; West Indies and southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil


toothed sword fern: tropical American fern cultivated for its finely divided greyish-green foliage; West Indies and southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil


Nephrolepis pectinata: tropical American fern cultivated for its finely divided greyish-green foliage; West Indies and southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil


Pteridaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; Pteridaceae is itself in turn sometimes further subdivided


family Pteridaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; Pteridaceae is itself in turn sometimes further subdivided


Acrostichum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae


genus Acrostichum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae


golden fern: stout tropical swamp fern (especially tropical America) having large fronds with golden yellow sporangia covering the undersides


leather fern: stout tropical swamp fern (especially tropical America) having large fronds with golden yellow sporangia covering the undersides


Acrostichum aureum: stout tropical swamp fern (especially tropical America) having large fronds with golden yellow sporangia covering the undersides


Actiniopteris: terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia and Africa


genus Actiniopteris: terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia and Africa


Adiantum: cosmopolitan genus of ferns: maidenhair ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


genus Adiantum: cosmopolitan genus of ferns: maidenhair ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


maidenhair: any of various small to large terrestrial ferns of the genus Adiantum having delicate palmately branched fronds


maidenhair fern: any of various small to large terrestrial ferns of the genus Adiantum having delicate palmately branched fronds


common maidenhair: delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan


Venushair: delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan


Venus'-hair fern: delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan


southern maidenhair: delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan


Venus maidenhair: delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan


Adiantum capillus-veneris: delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan


American maidenhair fern: hardy palmately branched North American fern with divergent recurved branches borne on lustrous dark reddish stipes


five-fingered maidenhair fern: hardy palmately branched North American fern with divergent recurved branches borne on lustrous dark reddish stipes


Adiantum pedatum: hardy palmately branched North American fern with divergent recurved branches borne on lustrous dark reddish stipes


Bermuda maidenhair: delicate endemic Bermudian fern with creeping rootstock


Bermuda maidenhair fern: delicate endemic Bermudian fern with creeping rootstock


Adiantum bellum: delicate endemic Bermudian fern with creeping rootstock


brittle maidenhair: tropical American fern with broad pinnae; widely cultivated


brittle maidenhair fern: tropical American fern with broad pinnae; widely cultivated


Adiantum tenerum: tropical American fern with broad pinnae; widely cultivated


Farley maidenhair: named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered


Farley maidenhair fern: named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered


Barbados maidenhair: named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered


glory fern: named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered


Adiantum tenerum farleyense: named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered


Anogramma: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Pteridaceae


genus Anogramma: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Pteridaceae


annual fern: small short-lived fern of Central and South America


Jersey fern: small short-lived fern of Central and South America


Anogramma leptophylla: small short-lived fern of Central and South America


Cheilanthes: small evergreen ferns: lipferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


genus Cheilanthes: small evergreen ferns: lipferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


lip fern: any of various terrestrial ferns of the genus Cheilanthes; cosmopolitan in arid and semiarid temperate or tropical regions


lipfern: any of various terrestrial ferns of the genus Cheilanthes; cosmopolitan in arid and semiarid temperate or tropical regions


smooth lip fern: southeastern United States to northern Mexico and Jamaica


Alabama lip fern: southeastern United States to northern Mexico and Jamaica


Cheilanthes alabamensis: southeastern United States to northern Mexico and Jamaica


lace fern: small tufted fern of northwestern America


Cheilanthes gracillima: small tufted fern of northwestern America


wooly lip fern: small North American evergreen fern whose stipes and lower frond surfaces are densely wooly


hairy lip fern: small North American evergreen fern whose stipes and lower frond surfaces are densely wooly


Cheilanthes lanosa: small North American evergreen fern whose stipes and lower frond surfaces are densely wooly


southwestern lip fern: lip fern of Texas to Oklahoma and Colorado and Arizona and Mexico having tall erect tufted fronds


Cheilanthes eatonii: lip fern of Texas to Oklahoma and Colorado and Arizona and Mexico having tall erect tufted fronds


Coniogramme: terrestrial ferns of Pacific islands and Asia


genus Coniogramme: terrestrial ferns of Pacific islands and Asia


bamboo fern: fast-growing sturdy Japanese fern; cultivated for their attractive broad dark-green pinnate fronds


Coniogramme japonica: fast-growing sturdy Japanese fern; cultivated for their attractive broad dark-green pinnate fronds


Cryptogramma: sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Cryptogrammataceae


genus Cryptogramma: sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Cryptogrammataceae


rock brake: dwarf deciduous lithophytic ferns


American rock brake: rock-inhabiting fern of northern North America growing in massive tufts and having fronds resembling parsley


American parsley fern: rock-inhabiting fern of northern North America growing in massive tufts and having fronds resembling parsley


Cryptogramma acrostichoides: rock-inhabiting fern of northern North America growing in massive tufts and having fronds resembling parsley


European parsley fern: fern of Europe and Asia Minor having short slender rhizome and densely tufted bright green fronds resembling parsley


mountain parsley fern: fern of Europe and Asia Minor having short slender rhizome and densely tufted bright green fronds resembling parsley


Cryptogramma crispa: fern of Europe and Asia Minor having short slender rhizome and densely tufted bright green fronds resembling parsley


Doryopteris: small to medium tropical tufted ferns; sometimes placed in family Adiantaceae


genus Doryopteris: small to medium tropical tufted ferns; sometimes placed in family Adiantaceae


hand fern: tropical American fern with coarsely lobed to palmatifid fronds


Doryopteris pedata: tropical American fern with coarsely lobed to palmatifid fronds


Jamesonia: xerophytic ferns of South America


genus Jamesonia: xerophytic ferns of South America


Onychium: small terrestrial ferns of Old World tropics and subtropics: clawed ferns; sometimes placed in family Cryptogrammataceae


genus Onychium: small terrestrial ferns of Old World tropics and subtropics: clawed ferns; sometimes placed in family Cryptogrammataceae


Pellaea: genus of chiefly small rock-loving ferns; in some classification systems it is placed in the family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


genus Pellaea: genus of chiefly small rock-loving ferns; in some classification systems it is placed in the family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


cliff brake: any of several small lithophytic ferns of tropical and warm temperate regions


cliff-brake: any of several small lithophytic ferns of tropical and warm temperate regions


rock brake: any of several small lithophytic ferns of tropical and warm temperate regions


coffee fern: evergreen fern of California and Baja California


Pellaea andromedifolia: evergreen fern of California and Baja California


purple rock brake: very short shallowly creeping North American fern usually growing on cliffs or walls and having dark glossy leaf axes


Pellaea atropurpurea: very short shallowly creeping North American fern usually growing on cliffs or walls and having dark glossy leaf axes


bird's-foot fern: cliff brake of California and Baja California having purple-brown leafstalks


Pellaea mucronata: cliff brake of California and Baja California having purple-brown leafstalks


Pellaea ornithopus: cliff brake of California and Baja California having purple-brown leafstalks


button fern: fern of New Zealand and Australia having trailing fronds with dark green buttonlike leaflets


Pellaea rotundifolia: fern of New Zealand and Australia having trailing fronds with dark green buttonlike leaflets


Pityrogramma: terrestrial tropical ferns having fronds with powdery yellowish or white undersides; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


genus Pityrogramma: terrestrial tropical ferns having fronds with powdery yellowish or white undersides; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


silver fern: fern of southern tropical Africa having fronds with white undersides


Pityrogramma argentea: fern of southern tropical Africa having fronds with white undersides


silver fern: tropical American fern having fronds with white undersides


Pityrogramma calomelanos: tropical American fern having fronds with white undersides


golden fern: tropical American fern having fronds with light golden undersides


Pityrogramma calomelanos aureoflava: tropical American fern having fronds with light golden undersides


gold fern: fern of West Indies and South America having fronds with bright golden-yellow undersides


Pityrogramma chrysophylla: fern of West Indies and South America having fronds with bright golden-yellow undersides


Pteris: large genus of terrestrial ferns of tropics and subtropics; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae


genus Pteris: large genus of terrestrial ferns of tropics and subtropics; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae


brake: any of various ferns of the genus Pteris having pinnately compound leaves and including several popular houseplants


Pteris cretica: cultivated in many varieties as houseplants


spider brake: Asiatic fern introduced in America


spider fern: Asiatic fern introduced in America


Pteris multifida: Asiatic fern introduced in America


ribbon fern: fern of North Africa and Azores and Canary Islands


spider fern: fern of North Africa and Azores and Canary Islands


Pteris serrulata: fern of North Africa and Azores and Canary Islands


Marattiales: lower ferns coextensive with the family Marattiaceae


order Marattiales: lower ferns coextensive with the family Marattiaceae


Marattiaceae: constituting the order Marattiales: chiefly tropical eusporangiate ferns with gigantic fronds


family Marattiaceae: constituting the order Marattiales: chiefly tropical eusporangiate ferns with gigantic fronds


Marattia: type genus of the Marattiaceae: ferns having the sporangia fused together in two rows


genus Marattia: type genus of the Marattiaceae: ferns having the sporangia fused together in two rows


potato fern: large Australasian evergreen fern with an edible rhizome sometimes used as a vegetable by indigenous people


Marattia salicina: large Australasian evergreen fern with an edible rhizome sometimes used as a vegetable by indigenous people


genus Angiopteris: one species: tree fern


angiopteris: highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall


giant fern: highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall


Angiopteris evecta: highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall


Danaea: fairly small terrestrial ferns of tropical America


genus Danaea: fairly small terrestrial ferns of tropical America


Psilopsida: whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs


class Psilopsida: whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs


Psilotatae: whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs


class Psilotatae: whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs


Psilotales: lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots


order Psilotales: lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots


Psilotaceae: small family of lower ferns having nearly naked stems and minute scalelike leaves


family Psilotaceae: small family of lower ferns having nearly naked stems and minute scalelike leaves


Psilotum: type genus of the Psilotaceae


genus Psilotum: type genus of the Psilotaceae


whisk fern: chiefly tropical clump-forming plants of skeletal appearance resembling whisk brooms; lacking roots


skeleton fork fern: pantropical epiphytic or terrestrial whisk fern with usually dull yellow branches and minute leaves; America; Japan; Australia


Psilotum nudum: pantropical epiphytic or terrestrial whisk fern with usually dull yellow branches and minute leaves; America; Japan; Australia


Psilophytales: Paleozoic simple dichotomously branched plants of Europe and eastern Canada including the oldest known vascular land plants


order Psilophytales: Paleozoic simple dichotomously branched plants of Europe and eastern Canada including the oldest known vascular land plants


psilophyte: any plant of the order Psilophytales: a savannah plant


Psilophytaceae: Paleozoic plants


family Psilophytaceae: Paleozoic plants


genus Psilophyton: type genus of the Psilophytaceae: genus of small wiry herbaceous Paleozoic plants with underground rhizomes and apical sporangia


psilophyton: any plant or fossil of the genus Psilophyton


Rhyniaceae: primitive plants of the Paleozoic


family Rhyniaceae: primitive plants of the Paleozoic


Rhynia: type genus of the Rhyniaceae; small leafless dichotomously branching fossil plants with terminal sporangia and smooth branching rhizomes


genus Rhynia: type genus of the Rhyniaceae; small leafless dichotomously branching fossil plants with terminal sporangia and smooth branching rhizomes


Horneophyton: Devonian fossil plant considered one of the earliest forms of vascular land plants; similar to genus Rhynia but smaller


genus Horneophyton: Devonian fossil plant considered one of the earliest forms of vascular land plants; similar to genus Rhynia but smaller


Sphenopsida: horsetails and related forms


class Sphenopsida: horsetails and related forms


Equisetatae: horsetails and related forms


class Equisetatae: horsetails and related forms


Equisetales: lower tracheophytes in existence since the Devonian


order Equisetales: lower tracheophytes in existence since the Devonian


Equisetaceae: sole surviving family of the Equisetales: fern allies


family Equisetaceae: sole surviving family of the Equisetales: fern allies


horsetail family: sole surviving family of the Equisetales: fern allies


Equisetum: horsetails; coextensive with the family Equisetaceae


genus Equisetum: horsetails; coextensive with the family Equisetaceae


horsetail: perennial rushlike flowerless herbs with jointed hollow stems and narrow toothlike leaves that spread by creeping rhizomes; tend to become weedy; common in northern hemisphere; some in Africa and South America


common horsetail: of Eurasia and Greenland and North America


field horsetail: of Eurasia and Greenland and North America


Equisetum arvense: of Eurasia and Greenland and North America


swamp horsetail: Eurasia; northern North America to Virginia


water horsetail: Eurasia; northern North America to Virginia


Equisetum fluviatile: Eurasia; northern North America to Virginia


scouring rush: evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils


rough horsetail: evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils


Equisetum hyemale: evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils


Equisetum hyemale robustum: evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils


Equisetum robustum: evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils


marsh horsetail: scouring-rush horsetail widely distributed in wet or boggy areas of northern hemisphere


Equisetum palustre: scouring-rush horsetail widely distributed in wet or boggy areas of northern hemisphere


wood horsetail: Eurasia except southern Russia; northern North America


Equisetum Sylvaticum: Eurasia except southern Russia; northern North America


variegated horsetail: northern North America; Greenland; northern and central Europe


variegated scouring rush: northern North America; Greenland; northern and central Europe


Equisetum variegatum: northern North America; Greenland; northern and central Europe


Lycopsida: club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta


class Lycopsida: club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta


Lycopodiate: club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta


class Lycopodiate: club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta


Lycophyta: used in some classifications for the class Lycopsida: club mosses


Lycopodineae: alternative designation for the class Lycopsida


class Lycopodineae: alternative designation for the class Lycopsida


club moss: primitive evergreen moss-like plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles


club-moss: primitive evergreen moss-like plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles


lycopod: primitive evergreen moss-like plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles


Lepidodendrales: fossil arborescent plants arising during the early Devonian and conspicuous throughout the Carboniferous


order Lepidodendrales: fossil arborescent plants arising during the early Devonian and conspicuous throughout the Carboniferous


Lepidodendraceae: fossil plants characterized by conspicuous spirally arranged leaf scars on the trunk


family Lepidodendraceae: fossil plants characterized by conspicuous spirally arranged leaf scars on the trunk


Lycopodiales: lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae


order Lycopodiales: lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae


Lycopodiaceae: a family of ferns belonging to the order Lycopodiales


family Lycopodiaceae: a family of ferns belonging to the order Lycopodiales


clubmoss family: a family of ferns belonging to the order Lycopodiales


Lycopodium: type and sole genus of the Lycopodiaceae; erect or creeping evergreen plants often used for Christmas decorations


genus Lycopodium: type and sole genus of the Lycopodiaceae; erect or creeping evergreen plants often used for Christmas decorations


shining clubmoss: a variety of club moss


Lycopodium lucidulum: a variety of club moss


alpine clubmoss: a variety of club moss


Lycopodium alpinum: a variety of club moss


fir clubmoss: of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir


mountain clubmoss: of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir


little clubmoss: of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir


Lycopodium selago: of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir


ground pine: any of several club mosses having long creeping stems and erect branches


Christmas green: any of several club mosses having long creeping stems and erect branches


running pine: a variety of club moss


Lycopodium clavitum: a variety of club moss


ground cedar: a variety of club moss


staghorn moss: a variety of club moss


Lycopodium complanatum: a variety of club moss


ground fir: a variety of club moss


princess pine: a variety of club moss


tree clubmoss: a variety of club moss


Lycopodium obscurum: a variety of club moss


foxtail grass: ground pine thickly covered with bristly leaves; widely distributed in barren sandy or peaty moist coastal regions of eastern and southeastern United States


Lycopodium alopecuroides: ground pine thickly covered with bristly leaves; widely distributed in barren sandy or peaty moist coastal regions of eastern and southeastern United States


Selaginellales: in some classifications included in Lycopodiales


order Selaginellales: in some classifications included in Lycopodiales


Selaginellaceae: lesser club mosses: terrestrial chiefly tropical plants resembling mosses


family Selaginellaceae: lesser club mosses: terrestrial chiefly tropical plants resembling mosses


Selaginella: type and sole genus of the Selaginellaceae; evergreen moss-like plants: spike moss and little club moss


genus Selaginella: type and sole genus of the Selaginellaceae; evergreen moss-like plants: spike moss and little club moss


spikemoss: any of numerous fern allies of the genus Selaginella


spike moss: any of numerous fern allies of the genus Selaginella


little club moss: any of numerous fern allies of the genus Selaginella


meadow spikemoss: spikemoss forming dense mats; eastern North America


basket spikemoss: spikemoss forming dense mats; eastern North America


Selaginella apoda: spikemoss forming dense mats; eastern North America


rock spikemoss: tufted spikemoss forming loose spreading mats; eastern North America


dwarf lycopod: tufted spikemoss forming loose spreading mats; eastern North America


Selaginella rupestris: tufted spikemoss forming loose spreading mats; eastern North America


desert selaginella: prostrate spikemoss; California


Selaginella eremophila: prostrate spikemoss; California


resurrection plant: densely tufted fern ally of southwestern United States to Peru; curls up in a tight ball when dry and expands and grows under moist conditions


rose of Jericho: densely tufted fern ally of southwestern United States to Peru; curls up in a tight ball when dry and expands and grows under moist conditions


Selaginella lepidophylla: densely tufted fern ally of southwestern United States to Peru; curls up in a tight ball when dry and expands and grows under moist conditions


florida selaginella: occurs widely in Florida


Selaginella eatonii: occurs widely in Florida


Isoetales: aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales


order Isoetales: aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales


Isoetaceae: quillworts; coextensive with the genus Isoetes


family Isoetaceae: quillworts; coextensive with the genus Isoetes


quillwort family: quillworts; coextensive with the genus Isoetes


Isoetes: type and genus of the Isoetaceae and sole extant genus of the order Isoetales


genus Isoetes: type and genus of the Isoetaceae and sole extant genus of the order Isoetales


quillwort: any of several spore-bearing aquatic or marsh plants having short rhizomes and leaves resembling quills; worldwide except Polynesia


Geoglossaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Helotiales


family Geoglossaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Helotiales


Geoglossum: type genus of the Geoglossaceae comprising the earthtongues


genus Geoglossum: type genus of the Geoglossaceae comprising the earthtongues


earthtongue: any club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum


earth-tongue: any club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum


Cryptogrammataceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


family Cryptogrammataceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


Thelypteridaceae: genera Thelypteris, Phegopteris, and others


family Thelypteridaceae: genera Thelypteris, Phegopteris, and others


Thelypteris: marsh ferns: in some classification systems considered part of genus Dryopteris in family Dryopteridaceae


genus Thelypteris: marsh ferns: in some classification systems considered part of genus Dryopteris in family Dryopteridaceae


marsh fern: fern having pinnatifid fronds and growing in wet places; cosmopolitan in north temperate regions


Thelypteris palustris: fern having pinnatifid fronds and growing in wet places; cosmopolitan in north temperate regions


Dryopteris thelypteris: fern having pinnatifid fronds and growing in wet places; cosmopolitan in north temperate regions


snuffbox fern: fern of northeastern North America


meadow fern: fern of northeastern North America


Thelypteris palustris pubescens: fern of northeastern North America


Dryopteris thelypteris pubescens: fern of northeastern North America


Amauropelta: epiphytic or terrestrial ferns of America and Africa and Polynesia


genus Amauropelta: epiphytic or terrestrial ferns of America and Africa and Polynesia


genus Christella: medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical forests of Old World to Americas


christella: any of several tropical ferns of the genus Christella having thin brittle fronds


Cyclosorus: small genus of terrestrial ferns of tropical and subtropical southern hemisphere


genus Cyclosorus: small genus of terrestrial ferns of tropical and subtropical southern hemisphere


Goniopteris: terrestrial ferns of Florida and West Indies to Central and South America


genus Goniopteris: terrestrial ferns of Florida and West Indies to Central and South America


Macrothelypteris: medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia to Polynesia and Australia; naturalized in Americas


genus Macrothelypteris: medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia to Polynesia and Australia; naturalized in Americas


Meniscium: terrestrial ferns of tropical Americas


genus Meniscium: terrestrial ferns of tropical Americas


Oreopteris: 3 species of ferns formerly included in genus Dryopteris or Thelypteris


genus Oreopteris: 3 species of ferns formerly included in genus Dryopteris or Thelypteris


mountain fern: common European mountain fern having fragrant lemon or balsam scented fronds


Oreopteris limbosperma: common European mountain fern having fragrant lemon or balsam scented fronds


Dryopteris oreopteris: common European mountain fern having fragrant lemon or balsam scented fronds


Parathelypteris: terrestrial ferns of warm and tropical Asia and North America


genus Parathelypteris: terrestrial ferns of warm and tropical Asia and North America


New York fern: slender shield fern of moist woods of eastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Dryopteris


Parathelypteris novae-boracensis: slender shield fern of moist woods of eastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Dryopteris


Dryopteris noveboracensis: slender shield fern of moist woods of eastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Dryopteris


Massachusetts fern: delicate feathery shield fern of the eastern United States; sometimes placed in genus Thelypteris


Parathelypteris simulata: delicate feathery shield fern of the eastern United States; sometimes placed in genus Thelypteris


Thelypteris simulata: delicate feathery shield fern of the eastern United States; sometimes placed in genus Thelypteris


Phegopteris: beech ferns: genus is variously classified: considered alternative name for genus Dryopteris or included in genus Thelypteris


genus Phegopteris: beech ferns: genus is variously classified: considered alternative name for genus Dryopteris or included in genus Thelypteris


beech fern: any fern of the genus Phegopteris having deeply cut triangular fronds


broad beech fern: beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes


southern beech fern: beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes


Phegopteris hexagonoptera: beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes


Dryopteris hexagonoptera: beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes


Thelypteris hexagonoptera: beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes


long beech fern: beech fern of North America and Eurasia


narrow beech fern: beech fern of North America and Eurasia


northern beech fern: beech fern of North America and Eurasia


Phegopteris connectilis: beech fern of North America and Eurasia


Dryopteris phegopteris: beech fern of North America and Eurasia


Thelypteris phegopteris: beech fern of North America and Eurasia


rhizomorph: a dense mass of hyphae forming a root-like structure characteristic of many fungi


Armillaria: genus of edible mushrooms having white spores an annulus and blue juice; some are edible; some cause root rot


genus Armillaria: genus of edible mushrooms having white spores an annulus and blue juice; some are edible; some cause root rot


shoestring fungus: any of several fungi of the genus Armillaria that form brown stringy rhizomorphs and cause destructive rot of the roots of some trees such as apples or maples


Armillaria caligata: fungus with a brown cap and white gills and a membranous ring halfway up the stalk


booted armillaria: fungus with a brown cap and white gills and a membranous ring halfway up the stalk


Armillaria ponderosa: a large white mushroom that develops brown stains as it ages; gills are white; odor is spicy and aromatic; collected commercially for oriental cooking the Pacific Northwest


white matsutake: a large white mushroom that develops brown stains as it ages; gills are white; odor is spicy and aromatic; collected commercially for oriental cooking the Pacific Northwest


Armillaria zelleri: a large fungus with viscid cap that dries and turns brown with age; gills are off-white


Armillariella: a honey-colored diminutive form of genus Armillaria; grows in clusters; edible (when cooked) but most attention has been on how to get rid of it


genus Armillariella: a honey-colored diminutive form of genus Armillaria; grows in clusters; edible (when cooked) but most attention has been on how to get rid of it


honey mushroom: a honey-colored edible mushroom commonly associated with the roots of trees in late summer and fall; do not eat raw


honey fungus: a honey-colored edible mushroom commonly associated with the roots of trees in late summer and fall; do not eat raw


Armillariella mellea: a honey-colored edible mushroom commonly associated with the roots of trees in late summer and fall; do not eat raw


Asclepiadaceae: widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice


family Asclepiadaceae: widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice


milkweed family: widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice


asclepiad: any plant of the family Asclepiadaceae


Asclepias: genus of chiefly North American perennial herbs: silkweed; milkweed


genus Asclepias: genus of chiefly North American perennial herbs: silkweed; milkweed


milkweed: any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts


silkweed: any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts


white milkweed: tall herb with leafless white waxy stems and whitish starlike flowers; southwestern United States


Asclepias albicans: tall herb with leafless white waxy stems and whitish starlike flowers; southwestern United States


blood flower: tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics


swallowwort: tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics


Asclepias curassavica: tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics


poke milkweed: milkweed of the eastern United States with leaves resembling those of pokeweed


Asclepias exaltata: milkweed of the eastern United States with leaves resembling those of pokeweed


swamp milkweed: densely branching perennial of the eastern United States with white to crimson or purple flowers


Asclepias incarnata: densely branching perennial of the eastern United States with white to crimson or purple flowers


Mead's milkweed: milkweed of central North America; a threatened species


Asclepias meadii: milkweed of central North America; a threatened species


Asclepia meadii: milkweed of central North America; a threatened species


purple silkweed: perennial of eastern North America having pink-purple flowers


Asclepias purpurascens: perennial of eastern North America having pink-purple flowers


showy milkweed: milkweed of southern North America having large starry purple and pink flowers


Asclepias speciosa: milkweed of southern North America having large starry purple and pink flowers


poison milkweed: milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock


horsetail milkweed: milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock


Asclepias subverticillata: milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock


butterfly weed: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers


orange milkweed: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers


chigger flower: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers


chiggerflower: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers


pleurisy root: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers


tuber root: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers


Indian paintbrush: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers


Asclepias tuberosa: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers


whorled milkweed: milkweed of the eastern United States with narrow leaves in whorls and greenish-white flowers


Asclepias verticillata: milkweed of the eastern United States with narrow leaves in whorls and greenish-white flowers


Araujia: small genus of South American evergreen vines


genus Araujia: small genus of South American evergreen vines


cruel plant: robust twining shrub having racemes of fragrant white or pink flowers with flat spreading terminal petals that trap nocturnal moths and hold them until dawn


Araujia sericofera: robust twining shrub having racemes of fragrant white or pink flowers with flat spreading terminal petals that trap nocturnal moths and hold them until dawn


genus Cynancum: genus of perennial tropical African lianas


cynancum: any of various mostly giant tropical lianas of Africa and Madagascar having greenish or purple flowers and long smooth pods; roots formerly used as an emetic


genus Hoya: large genus of climbing shrubs of Australia and Asia and Polynesia


hoya: any plant of the genus Hoya having fleshy leaves and usually nectariferous flowers


honey plant: a plant that furnishes nectar suitable for making honey


wax plant: succulent climber of southern Asia with umbels of pink and white star-shaped flowers


Hoya carnosa: succulent climber of southern Asia with umbels of pink and white star-shaped flowers


Periploca: genus of woody vines of warm regions of the Old World


genus Periploca: genus of woody vines of warm regions of the Old World


silk vine: deciduous climber for arches and fences having ill-scented but interesting flowers and poisonous yellow fruits; cultivated for its dark shining foliage; southeastern Europe to Asia Minor


Periploca graeca: deciduous climber for arches and fences having ill-scented but interesting flowers and poisonous yellow fruits; cultivated for its dark shining foliage; southeastern Europe to Asia Minor


Sarcostemma: succulent subshrubs or vines; tropical and subtropical India and Africa and Malaysia


genus Sarcostemma: succulent subshrubs or vines; tropical and subtropical India and Africa and Malaysia


soma: leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink


haoma: leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink


Sarcostemma acidum: leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink


genus Stapelia: genus of foul-smelling plants resembling cacti; found from Africa to East India


stapelia: any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large foul-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers


carrion flower: any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large foul-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers


starfish flower: any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large foul-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers


Stapelias asterias: stapelia of Cape Province having mostly dark red-brown flowers with flat starlike corollas


genus Stephanotis: genus of Old World tropical woody vines


stephanotis: any of various evergreen climbing shrubs of the genus Stephanotis having fragrant waxy flowers


Madagascar jasmine: twining woody vine of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions


waxflower: twining woody vine of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions


Stephanotis floribunda: twining woody vine of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions


Vincetoxicum: genus of chiefly tropical American vines having cordate leaves and large purple or greenish cymose flowers; supposedly having powers as an antidote


genus Vincetoxicum: genus of chiefly tropical American vines having cordate leaves and large purple or greenish cymose flowers; supposedly having powers as an antidote


negro vine: twining vine with hairy foliage and dark purplish-brown flowers


Vincetoxicum hirsutum: twining vine with hairy foliage and dark purplish-brown flowers


Vincetoxicum negrum: twining vine with hairy foliage and dark purplish-brown flowers


zygospore: a plant spore formed by two similar sexual cells


old growth: forest or woodland having a mature or overly mature ecosystem more or less uninfluenced by human activity


virgin forest: forest or woodland having a mature or overly mature ecosystem more or less uninfluenced by human activity


second growth: a second growth of trees covering an area where the original stand was destroyed by fire or cutting


tree of knowledge: the biblical tree in the Garden of Eden whose forbidden fruit was tasted by Adam and Eve


ownership: the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others


community: common ownership


severalty: exclusive individual ownership


property right: the legal right of ownership


preemptive right: the right granting to shareholders the first opportunity to buy a new issue of stock; provides protection against dilution of the shareholder's ownership interest


subscription right: the right of a shareholder in a company to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is offered to the public


option: the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited


stock option: a benefit given by a company to an employee in the form of an option to buy stock in the company at a discount or at a fixed price


stock option: the right to buy or sell a stock at a specified price within a stated period


call option: an option to buy


put option: an option to sell


lock-up option: an option to buy the crown jewels offered to a white knight in order to forestall a hostile takeover


tenure: the right to hold property; part of an ancient hierarchical system of holding lands


land tenure: the right to hold property; part of an ancient hierarchical system of holding lands


copyhold: a medieval form of land tenure in England; a copyhold was a parcel of land granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for agricultural services


freehold: tenure by which land is held in fee simple or for life


freehold: an estate held in fee simple or for life


villeinage: tenure by which a villein held land


stock buyback: a corporation's purchase of its own outstanding stock; increases earnings/share so stock price rises (which can discourage a takeover attempt)


public domain: property rights that are held by the public at large


proprietorship: an unincorporated business owned by a single person who is responsible for its liabilities and entitled to its profits


proprietary: an unincorporated business owned by a single person who is responsible for its liabilities and entitled to its profits


employee ownership: ownership of a business by the people who work for it


property: something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone


belongings: something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone


holding: something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone


tangible possession: property or belongings that are tangible


material possession: property or belongings that are tangible


worldly possessions: all the property that someone possess


worldly belongings: all the property that someone possess


worldly goods: all the property that someone possess


ratables: property that provides tax income for local governments


rateables: property that provides tax income for local governments


hereditament: any property (real or personal or mixed) that can be inherited


intellectual property: intangible property that is the result of creativity (such as patents or trademarks or copyrights)


community property: property and income belonging jointly to a married couple


personal property: movable property (as distinguished from real estate)


personal estate: movable property (as distinguished from real estate)


personalty: movable property (as distinguished from real estate)


private property: movable property (as distinguished from real estate)


chattel: personal as opposed to real property; any tangible movable property (furniture or domestic animals or a car etc)


personal chattel: personal as opposed to real property; any tangible movable property (furniture or domestic animals or a car etc)


movable: personal as opposed to real property; any tangible movable property (furniture or domestic animals or a car etc)


effects: property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business


personal effects: property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business


things: any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)


real property: property consisting of houses and land


real estate: property consisting of houses and land


realty: property consisting of houses and land


immovable: property consisting of houses and land


estate: extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use


land: extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use


landed estate: extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use


acres: extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use


demesne: extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use


commonage: property held in common


glebe: plot of land belonging to an English parish church or an ecclesiastical office


landholding: a holding in the form of land


landholding: ownership of land; the state or fact of owning land


salvage: property or goods saved from damage or destruction


shareholding: a holding in the form of shares of corporations


spiritualty: property or income owned by a church


spirituality: property or income owned by a church


church property: property or income owned by a church


temporalty: the worldly possessions of a church


temporality: the worldly possessions of a church


benefice: an endowed church office giving income to its holder


ecclesiastical benefice: an endowed church office giving income to its holder


sinecure: a benefice to which no spiritual or pastoral duties are attached


lease: property that is leased or rented out or let


rental: property that is leased or rented out or let


letting: property that is leased or rented out or let


car rental: a rented car


hire car: a rented car


rent-a-car: a rented car


self-drive: a rented car


u-drive: a rented car


you-drive: a rented car


trade-in: an item of property that is given in part payment for a new one


sublease: a lease from one lessee to another


sublet: a lease from one lessee to another


public property: property owned by a government


leasehold: land or property held under a lease


smallholding: a piece of land under 50 acres that is sold or let to someone for cultivation


homestead: land acquired from the United States public lands by filing a record and living on and cultivating it under the homestead law


farmstead: the buildings and adjacent grounds of a farm


homestead: the home and adjacent grounds occupied by a family


no man's land: land that is unowned and uninhabited (and usually undesirable)


fief: a piece of land held under the feudal system


feoff: a piece of land held under the feudal system


land: the land on which real estate is located


mortmain: real property held inalienably (as by an ecclesiastical corporation)


dead hand: real property held inalienably (as by an ecclesiastical corporation)


wealth: property that has economic utility: a monetary value or an exchange value


money: wealth reckoned in terms of money


pile: a large sum of money (especially as pay or profit)


bundle: a large sum of money (especially as pay or profit)


big bucks: a large sum of money (especially as pay or profit)


megabucks: a large sum of money (especially as pay or profit)


big money: a large sum of money (especially as pay or profit)


estate: everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities


stuff: informal terms for personal possessions


clobber: informal terms for personal possessions


gross estate: the total valuation of the estate's assets at the time of the person's death


net estate: the estate remaining after debts and funeral expenses and administrative expenses have been deducted from the gross estate; the estate then left to be distributed (and subject to federal and state inheritance taxes)


life estate: (law) an estate whose duration is limited to the life of the person holding it


estate for life: (law) an estate whose duration is limited to the life of the person holding it


barony: the estate of a baron


countryseat: an estate in the country


Crown land: land that belongs to the Crown


manor: the landed estate of a lord (including the house on it)


seigneury: the estate of a seigneur


seigniory: the estate of a seigneur


signory: the estate of a seigneur


hacienda: a large estate in Spanish-speaking countries


plantation: an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)


orangery: a place where oranges are grown; a plantation of orange trees in warm climes or a greenhouse in cooler areas


white elephant: a valuable possession whose upkeep is excessively expensive


transferred property: a possession whose ownership changes or lapses


transferred possession: a possession whose ownership changes or lapses


acquisition: something acquired


accession: something added to what you already have


addition: something added to what you already have


purchase: something acquired by purchase


bargain: an advantageous purchase


buy: an advantageous purchase


steal: an advantageous purchase


song: a very small sum


travel bargain: a bargain rate for travellers on commercial routes (usually air routes)


grant: (law) a transfer of property by deed of conveyance


assignment: (law) a transfer of property by deed of conveyance


appanage: a grant (by a sovereign or a legislative body) of resources to maintain a dependent member of a ruling family


apanage: a grant (by a sovereign or a legislative body) of resources to maintain a dependent member of a ruling family


land grant: a grant of public land (as to a railway or college)


gain: the amount by which the revenue of a business exceeds its cost of operating


financial gain: the amount of monetary gain


income: the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time


disposable income: income (after taxes) that is available to you for saving or spending


double dipping: two incomes received from the same source (as by holding a government job and receiving a government pension)


easy money: income obtained with a minimum of effort


gravy train: income obtained with a minimum of effort


EBITDA: income before interest and taxes and depreciation and amortization have been subtracted; an indicator of a company's profitability that is watched by investors (especially in leveraged buyouts)


Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Amortization: income before interest and taxes and depreciation and amortization have been subtracted; an indicator of a company's profitability that is watched by investors (especially in leveraged buyouts)


easy money: the economic condition in which credit is easy to secure


tight money: the economic condition in which credit is difficult to secure and interest rates are high


escheat: the property that reverts to the state


gross: the entire amount of income before any deductions are made


revenue: the entire amount of income before any deductions are made


receipts: the entire amount of income before any deductions are made