handclasp: grasping and shaking a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract)


salute: an act of greeting with friendly words and gestures like bowing or lifting the hat


hello: an expression of greeting


hullo: an expression of greeting


hi: an expression of greeting


howdy: an expression of greeting


how-do-you-do: an expression of greeting


good morning: a conventional expression of greeting or farewell


morning: a conventional expression of greeting or farewell


good afternoon: a conventional expression of greeting or farewell


afternoon: a conventional expression of greeting or farewell


good night: a conventional expression of farewell


salute: a formal military gesture of respect


military greeting: a formal military gesture of respect


calling card: a printed or written greeting that is left to indicate that you have visited


visiting card: a printed or written greeting that is left to indicate that you have visited


card: a printed or written greeting that is left to indicate that you have visited


apology: an expression of regret at having caused trouble for someone


mea culpa: an acknowledgment of your error or guilt


condolence: an expression of sympathy with another's grief


commiseration: an expression of sympathy with another's grief


congratulation: the act of acknowledging that someone has an occasion for celebration


felicitation: the act of acknowledging that someone has an occasion for celebration


refusal: a message refusing to accept something that is offered


declination: a polite refusal of an invitation


regrets: a polite refusal of an invitation


information: a message received and understood


info: a message received and understood


misinformation: information that is incorrect


blowback: misinformation resulting from the recirculation into the source country of disinformation previously planted abroad by that country's intelligence service


disinformation: misinformation that is deliberately disseminated in order to influence or confuse rivals (foreign enemies or business competitors etc.)


material: information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form


rehash: old material that is slightly reworked and used again


details: true confidential information


inside information: true confidential information


dope: slang terms for inside information


poop: slang terms for inside information


the skinny: slang terms for inside information


low-down: slang terms for inside information


fact: a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened


record: a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone


record book: a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone


book: a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone


format: the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)


formatting: the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)


data format: the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)


data formatting: the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)


high-level formatting: (computer science) the format for the root directory and the file allocation tables and other basic configurations


low-level formatting: (computer science) the format of sectors on the surface of a hard disk drive so that the operating system can access them and setting a starting position


initialization: (computer science) the format of sectors on the surface of a hard disk drive so that the operating system can access them and setting a starting position


initialisation: (computer science) the format of sectors on the surface of a hard disk drive so that the operating system can access them and setting a starting position


gen: informal term for information


database: an organized body of related information


relational database: a database in which relations between information items are explicitly specified as accessible attributes


Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System: relational database of the United States National Library of Medicine for the storage and retrieval of bibliographical information concerning the biomedical literature


MEDLARS: relational database of the United States National Library of Medicine for the storage and retrieval of bibliographical information concerning the biomedical literature


object-oriented database: a database in which the operations carried out on information items (data objects) are considered part of their definition


subdata base: a subset of data in a database that are used in a specific application


lexical database: a database of information about words


machine readable dictionary: a machine-readable version of a standard dictionary; organized alphabetically


MRD: a machine-readable version of a standard dictionary; organized alphabetically


electronic dictionary: a machine-readable version of a standard dictionary; organized alphabetically


WordNet: a machine-readable lexical database organized by meanings; developed at Princeton University


Princeton WordNet: a machine-readable lexical database organized by meanings; developed at Princeton University


wordnet: any of the machine-readable lexical databases modeled after the Princeton WordNet


basics: a statement of fundamental facts or principles


rudiments: a statement of fundamental facts or principles


index: a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time


index number: a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time


indicant: a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time


indicator: a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time


body mass index: a measure of someone's weight in relation to height; to calculate one's BMI, multiply one's weight in pounds and divide that by the square of one's height in inches; overweight is a BMI greater than 25; obese is a BMI greater than 30


BMI: a measure of someone's weight in relation to height; to calculate one's BMI, multiply one's weight in pounds and divide that by the square of one's height in inches; overweight is a BMI greater than 25; obese is a BMI greater than 30


business index: a statistical compilation that provides a context for economic or financial conditions


Dow Jones: an indicator of stock market prices; based on the share values of 30 blue-chip stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange


Dow-Jones Industrial Average: an indicator of stock market prices; based on the share values of 30 blue-chip stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange


Standard and Poor's: a broadly based stock market index


Standard and Poor's Index: a broadly based stock market index


leading indicator: one of 11 indicators for different sections of the economy; used by the Department of Commerce to predict economic trends in the near future


price index: an index that traces the relative changes in the price of an individual good (or a market basket of goods) over time


price level: an index that traces the relative changes in the price of an individual good (or a market basket of goods) over time


retail price index: an index of changes in retail prices


producer price index: an index of changes in wholesale prices


wholesale price index: an index of changes in wholesale prices


consumer price index: an index of the cost of all goods and services to a typical consumer


CPI: an index of the cost of all goods and services to a typical consumer


cost-of-living index: an index of the cost of all goods and services to a typical consumer


short account: the aggregate of short sales on an open market


stock index: index based on a statistical compilation of the share prices of a number of representative stocks


stock market index: index based on a statistical compilation of the share prices of a number of representative stocks


news: information about recent and important events


intelligence: information about recent and important events


tidings: information about recent and important events


word: information about recent and important events


news: informal information of any kind that is not previously known to someone


nuts and bolts: detailed practical information about how something works or how something can be accomplished


intelligence: secret information about an enemy (or potential enemy)


intelligence information: secret information about an enemy (or potential enemy)


military intelligence: information about the armed forces of another country that is useful in planning and conducting military policy or military operations


good word: good news


latest: the most recent news or development


update: news that updates your information


evidence: an indication that makes something evident


clue: evidence that helps to solve a problem


clew: evidence that helps to solve a problem


cue: evidence that helps to solve a problem


DNA fingerprint: biometric identification obtained by examining a person's unique sequence of DNA base pairs; often used for evidence in criminal law cases


genetic fingerprint: biometric identification obtained by examining a person's unique sequence of DNA base pairs; often used for evidence in criminal law cases


face recognition: biometric identification by scanning a person's face and matching it against a library of known faces


facial recognition: biometric identification by scanning a person's face and matching it against a library of known faces


automatic face recognition: biometric identification by scanning a person's face and matching it against a library of known faces


fingerprint: a print made by an impression of the ridges in the skin of a finger; often used for biometric identification in criminal investigations


finger scan: biometric identification by automatically scanning a person's fingerprints electronically


finger scanning: biometric identification by automatically scanning a person's fingerprints electronically


loop: the basic pattern of the human fingerprint


thumbprint: fingerprint made by the thumb (especially by the pad of the thumb)


footprint: a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface


footmark: a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface


step: a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface


footprint evidence: evidence in the form of footprints


iris scanning: biometric identification by scanning the iris of the eye


signature recognition: biometric identification by automatically scanning a person's signature and matching it electronically against a library of known signatures


retinal scanning: biometric identification by scanning the retina of the eye


voiceprint: biometric identification by electronically recording and graphically representing a person's voice


sign: a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)


mark: a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)


token: something serving as a sign of something else


trace: an indication that something has been present


vestige: an indication that something has been present


tincture: an indication that something has been present


shadow: an indication that something has been present


footprint: a trace suggesting that something was once present or felt or otherwise important


trace: a visible mark (as a footprint) left by the passage of person or animal or vehicle


record: anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events


proof: a formal series of statements showing that if one thing is true something else necessarily follows from it


mathematical proof: proof of a mathematical theorem


logical proof: proof of a logical theorem


demonstration: proof by a process of argument or a series of proposition proving an asserted conclusion


monstrance: proof by a process of argument or a series of proposition proving an asserted conclusion


testimony: something that serves as evidence


testimonial: something that serves as evidence


good authority: testimony by someone who should know


testament: strong evidence for something


argument: a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true


statement: a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true


counterargument: an argument offered in opposition to another argument


pro: an argument in favor of a proposal


con: an argument opposed to a proposal


case: a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument


clincher: an argument that is conclusive


determiner: an argument that is conclusive


determining factor: an argument that is conclusive


adducing: citing as evidence or proof


last word: the final statement in a verbal argument


attestation: the evidence by which something is attested


confirmation: information that confirms or verifies


reinforcement: information that makes more forcible or convincing


reenforcement: information that makes more forcible or convincing


documentation: confirmation that some fact or statement is true through the use of documentary evidence


certification: confirmation that some fact or statement is true through the use of documentary evidence


corroboration: confirmation that some fact or statement is true through the use of documentary evidence


guidance: something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action


counsel: something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action


counseling: something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action


counselling: something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action


direction: something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action


career counseling: counseling on career opportunities


cynosure: something that provides guidance (as Polaris guides mariners)


genetic counseling: guidance for prospective parents on the likelihood of genetic disorders in their future children


marriage counseling: counseling on marital problems and disagreements


tip: an indication of potential opportunity


lead: an indication of potential opportunity


steer: an indication of potential opportunity


confidential information: an indication of potential opportunity


wind: an indication of potential opportunity


hint: an indication of potential opportunity


insider information: important information about the plans or condition of a corporation that has not been released to the public; use for personal profit is illegal


rule: any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order


rule: prescribed guide for conduct or action


prescript: prescribed guide for conduct or action


rubric: an authoritative rule of conduct or procedure


rubric: directions for the conduct of Christian church services (often printed in red in a prayer book)


order: a body of rules followed by an assembly


rules of order: a body of rules followed by an assembly


parliamentary law: a body of rules followed by an assembly


parliamentary procedure: a body of rules followed by an assembly


interpellation: (parliament) a parliamentary procedure of demanding that a government official explain some act or policy


rule of evidence: (law) a rule of law whereby any alleged matter of fact that is submitted for investigation at a judicial trial is established or disproved


best evidence rule: a rule of evidence requiring that to prove the content of a writing or recording or photograph the original is required


estoppel: a rule of evidence whereby a person is barred from denying the truth of a fact that has already been settled


exclusionary rule: a rule that provides that otherwise admissible evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial if it was the result of illegal police conduct


fruit of the poisonous tree: a rule that once primary evidence is determined to have been illegally obtained any secondary evidence following from it may also not be used


hearsay rule: a rule that declares not admissible as evidence any statement other than that by a witness


parol evidence rule: a rule that oral evidence cannot be used to contradict the terms of a written contract


res ipsa loquitur: a rule of evidence whereby the negligence of an alleged wrongdoer can be inferred from the fact that the accident happened


standing order: a rule of order permanently in force


Miranda rule: the rule that police (when interrogating you after an arrest) are obliged to warn you that anything you say may be used as evidence and to read you your constitutional rights (the right to a lawyer and the right to remain silent until advised by a lawyer)


principle: rule of personal conduct


precept: rule of personal conduct


higher law: a principle that takes precedent over the laws of society


moral principle: the principle that conduct should be moral


golden rule: any important rule


GIGO: (computer science) a rule stating that the quality of the output is a function of the quality of the input; put garbage in and you get garbage out


categorical imperative: the moral principle that behavior should be determined by duty


hypothetical imperative: a principle stating the action required to attain a desired goal


policy: a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government


economic policy: a government policy for maintaining economic growth and tax revenues


fiscal policy: a government policy for dealing with the budget (especially with taxation and borrowing)


New Deal: the economic policy of F. D. Roosevelt


control: the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc.


price control: restriction on maximum prices that is established and maintained by the government (as during periods of war or inflation)


ceiling: an upper limit on what is allowed


roof: an upper limit on what is allowed


cap: an upper limit on what is allowed


glass ceiling: a ceiling based on attitudinal or organizational bias in the work force that prevents minorities and women from advancing to leadership positions


floor: a lower limit


base: a lower limit


price floor: floor below which prices are not allowed to fall


wage floor: floor below which wages are not allowed to fall


perestroika: an economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union; intended to increase automation and labor efficiency but it led eventually to the end of central planning in the Russian economy


protectionism: the policy of imposing duties or quotas on imports in order to protect home industries from overseas competition


social policy: a policy of for dealing with social issues


apartheid: a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites; the former official policy in South Africa


glasnost: a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems


social action: a social policy of reform (especially socioeconomic reform)


affirmative action: a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities


fence mending: social action to improve poor relations (especially in politics)


trade barrier: any regulation or policy that restricts international trade


import barrier: any regulation or policy that restricts international trade


quota: a limitation on imports


embargo: a government order imposing a trade barrier


trade embargo: a government order imposing a trade barrier


trade stoppage: a government order imposing a trade barrier


nativism: the policy of perpetuating native cultures (in opposition to acculturation)


party line: the policy of a political group


foreign policy: a policy governing international relations


brinkmanship: the policy of pushing a dangerous situation to the brink of disaster (to the limits of safety)


imperialism: a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries


intervention: a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries


interference: a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries


nonintervention: a foreign policy of staying out of other countries' disputes


noninterference: a foreign policy of staying out of other countries' disputes


nonaggression: a policy of not initiating hostilities


manifest destiny: a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God)


isolationism: a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations


Monroe Doctrine: an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers


Truman doctrine: President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology


neutralism: a policy of neutrality or nonalignment in international affairs


regionalism: a foreign policy that defines the international interests of a country in terms of particular geographic areas


trade policy: a government's policy controlling foreign trade


national trading policy: a government's policy controlling foreign trade


open-door policy: the policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries


open door: the policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries


zero-tolerance policy: any policy that allows no exception


Zionism: a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine


ethic: a system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct


ethical code: a system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct


caveat emptor: a commercial principle that without a warranty the buyer takes upon himself the risk of quality


dictate: an authoritative rule


regulation: an authoritative rule


ordinance: an authoritative rule


age limit: regulation establishing the maximum age for doing something or holding some position


assize: the regulation of weights and measures of articles offered for sale


speed limit: regulation establishing the top speed permitted on a given road


canon: a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field or art or philosophy


etiquette: rules governing socially acceptable behavior


protocol: forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state


protocol: (computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data


communications protocol: (computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data


file transfer protocol: protocol that allows users to copy files between their local system and any system they can reach on the network


FTP: protocol that allows users to copy files between their local system and any system they can reach on the network


anonymous ftp: a common way to make software available; users are allowed to log in as `guest' without a password and copy whatever has been made available


anonymous file transfer protocol: a common way to make software available; users are allowed to log in as `guest' without a password and copy whatever has been made available


hypertext transfer protocol: a protocol (utilizing TCP) to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers


HTTP: a protocol (utilizing TCP) to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers


musical instrument digital interface: a standard protocol for communication between electronic musical instruments and computers


MIDI: a standard protocol for communication between electronic musical instruments and computers


transmission control protocol: a protocol developed for the internet to get data from one network device to another


TCP: a protocol developed for the internet to get data from one network device to another


transmission control protocol/internet protocol: a set of protocols (including TCP) developed for the internet in the 1970s to get data from one network device to another


TCP/IP: a set of protocols (including TCP) developed for the internet in the 1970s to get data from one network device to another


punctilio: a fine point of etiquette or petty formality


closure: a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body


cloture: a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body


gag rule: a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body


gag law: a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body


closure by compartment: closure imposed on the debate of specific sections of a bill


guillotine: closure imposed on the debate of specific sections of a bill


point of order: a question as to whether the current proceedings are allowed by parliamentary procedure


code: a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)


codification: a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)


Bushido: traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living


legal code: a code of laws adopted by a state or nation


penal code: the legal code governing crimes and their punishment


United States Code: a consolidation and codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States; is prepared and published by a unit of the United States House of Representatives


U. S. Code: a consolidation and codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States; is prepared and published by a unit of the United States House of Representatives


building code: set of standards established and enforced by local government for the structural safety of buildings


dress code: a set of rules specifying the correct manner of dress while on the premises of the institution (or specifying what manner of dress is prohibited)


fire code: set of standards established and enforced by government for fire prevention and safety in case of fire as in fire escapes etc


omerta: a code of silence practiced by the Mafia; a refusal to give evidence to the police about criminal activities


sanitary code: set of standards established and enforced by government for health requirements as in plumbing etc


health code: set of standards established and enforced by government for health requirements as in plumbing etc


Highway Code: the code of rules governing the use of public roads


double standard: an ethical or moral code that applies more strictly to one group than to another


double standard of sexual behavior: a code that permits greater sexual freedom for men than for women (associated with the subordination of women)


equation: a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal


linear equation: a polynomial equation of the first degree


quadratic equation: an equation in which the highest power of an unknown quantity is a square


quadratic: an equation in which the highest power of an unknown quantity is a square


biquadratic equation: an equation of the fourth degree


biquadratic: an equation of the fourth degree


differential equation: an equation containing differentials of a function


Maxwell's equations: four differential equations that summarize classical properties of electromagnetic fields


partial differential equation: a differential equation involving a functions of more than one variable


Schrodinger equation: the fundamental equation of wave mechanics


Schrodinger wave equation: the fundamental equation of wave mechanics


simultaneous equations: a set of equations in two or more variables for which there are values that can satisfy all the equations simultaneously


wave equation: a differential equation that describes the passage of harmonic waves through a medium


advice: a proposal for an appropriate course of action


recommendation: something (as a course of action) that is recommended as advisable


indication: something (as a course of action) that is indicated as expedient or necessary


referral: a recommendation to consult the (professional) person or group to whom one has been referred


admonition: cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger or other unpleasantness)


monition: cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger or other unpleasantness)


warning: cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger or other unpleasantness)


word of advice: cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger or other unpleasantness)


example: punishment intended as a warning to others


deterrent example: punishment intended as a warning to others


lesson: punishment intended as a warning to others


object lesson: punishment intended as a warning to others


secret: information known only to a special group


arcanum: information known only to a special group


secret: something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on)


confidence: a secret that is confided or entrusted to another


esoterica: secrets known only to an initiated minority


cabala: an esoteric or occult matter resembling the Kabbalah that is traditionally secret


cabbala: an esoteric or occult matter resembling the Kabbalah that is traditionally secret


cabbalah: an esoteric or occult matter resembling the Kabbalah that is traditionally secret


kabala: an esoteric or occult matter resembling the Kabbalah that is traditionally secret


kabbala: an esoteric or occult matter resembling the Kabbalah that is traditionally secret


kabbalah: an esoteric or occult matter resembling the Kabbalah that is traditionally secret


qabala: an esoteric or occult matter resembling the Kabbalah that is traditionally secret


qabalah: an esoteric or occult matter resembling the Kabbalah that is traditionally secret


open secret: something that is supposed to be secret but is generally known


password: a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group


watchword: a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group


word: a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group


parole: a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group


countersign: a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group


trade secret: a secret (method or device or formula) that gives a manufacturer an advantage over the competition


propaganda: information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause


agitprop: political propaganda (especially communist propaganda) communicated via art and literature and cinema


course catalog: a catalog listing the courses offered by a college or university


course catalogue: a catalog listing the courses offered by a college or university


prospectus: a catalog listing the courses offered by a college or university


source: a document (or organization) from which information is obtained


specification: (patent law) a document drawn up by the applicant for a patent of invention that provides an explicit and detailed description of the nature and use of an invention


source materials: publications from which information is obtained


voucher: a document that serves as evidence of some expenditure


working papers: records kept of activities involved in carrying out a project


well: an abundant source


wellspring: an abundant source


fountainhead: an abundant source


copy: material suitable for a journalistic account


filler: copy to fill space between more important articles in the layout of a magazine or newspaper


course of study: an integrated course of academic studies


program: an integrated course of academic studies


programme: an integrated course of academic studies


curriculum: an integrated course of academic studies


syllabus: an integrated course of academic studies


crash course: a rapid and intense course of training or research (usually undertaken in an emergency)


crash program: a rapid and intense course of training or research (usually undertaken in an emergency)


crash programme: a rapid and intense course of training or research (usually undertaken in an emergency)


reading program: a program designed to teach literacy skills


degree program: a course of study leading to an academic degree


printing: reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication


printing process: reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication


typography: art and technique of printing with movable type


composition: art and technique of printing with movable type


print: availability in printed form


print: the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication


small print: material printed in small type


fine print: material printed in small type


relief printing: printing from a plate with raised characters


letterpress: printing from a plate with raised characters


intaglio printing: a printing process that uses an etched or engraved plate; the plate is smeared with ink and wiped clean, then the ink left in the recesses makes the print


intaglio: a printing process that uses an etched or engraved plate; the plate is smeared with ink and wiped clean, then the ink left in the recesses makes the print


gravure: a printing process that uses an etched or engraved plate; the plate is smeared with ink and wiped clean, then the ink left in the recesses makes the print


process printing: a method of printing colored reproductions from halftone plates


photogravure: printing from an intaglio plate prepared by photographic methods


rotogravure: printing by transferring an image from a photogravure plate to a cylinder in a rotary press


planographic printing: the process of printing from a surface on which the printing areas are not raised but are ink-receptive (as opposed to ink repellent)


planography: the process of printing from a surface on which the printing areas are not raised but are ink-receptive (as opposed to ink repellent)


collotype: a photomechanical printing process that uses a glass plate with a gelatin surface that carries the image to be reproduced; can be used with one or more colors


collotype printing: a photomechanical printing process that uses a glass plate with a gelatin surface that carries the image to be reproduced; can be used with one or more colors


photogelatin process: a photomechanical printing process that uses a glass plate with a gelatin surface that carries the image to be reproduced; can be used with one or more colors


lithography: a method of planographic printing from a metal or stone surface


photolithography: a planographic printing process using plates made from a photographic image


chromolithography: single- or multi-color lithography


photo-offset printing: a method of offset printing using photomechanical plates


photo-offset: a method of offset printing using photomechanical plates


offset: a plate makes an inked impression on a rubber-blanketed cylinder, which in turn transfers it to the paper


offset printing: a plate makes an inked impression on a rubber-blanketed cylinder, which in turn transfers it to the paper


offset lithography: offset printing by lithography


letterset printing: image is transferred from a relief type plate to a roller


carbon process: a process of printing on paper coated with bichromated gelatin containing pigment


news: information reported in a newspaper or news magazine


business news: news about businesses and investments


report: a short account of the news


news report: a short account of the news


story: a short account of the news


account: a short account of the news


write up: a short account of the news


newsletter: report or open letter giving informal or confidential news of interest to a special group


newssheet: report or open letter giving informal or confidential news of interest to a special group


market letter: a newsletter written by an analyst of the stock market and sold to subscribers


bulletin: a brief report (especially an official statement issued for immediate publication or broadcast)


news bulletin: a short news announcement concerning some on-going news story


newsflash: a short news announcement concerning some on-going news story


flash: a short news announcement concerning some on-going news story


newsbreak: a short news announcement concerning some on-going news story


information bulletin: a bulletin containing the latest information


dispatch: an official report (usually sent in haste)


despatch: an official report (usually sent in haste)


communique: an official report (usually sent in haste)


urban legend: a story that appears mysteriously and spreads spontaneously in various forms and is usually false; contains elements of humor or horror and is popularly believed to be true


exclusive: a news report that is reported first by one news organization


scoop: a news report that is reported first by one news organization


newscast: a broadcast of news or commentary on the news


radio news: a radio broadcast of news


sportscast: a broadcast of sports news or commentary


television news: a television broadcast of news


coverage: the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television


reporting: the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television


reportage: the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television


hard news: news that deals with serious topics or events


soft news: news that does not deal with serious topics or events


stop press: late news that is inserted into the newspaper at the last minute


commitment: a message that makes a pledge


dedication: a message that makes a pledge


oath: a commitment to tell the truth (especially in a court of law); to lie under oath is to become subject to prosecution for perjury


swearing: a commitment to tell the truth (especially in a court of law); to lie under oath is to become subject to prosecution for perjury


affirmation: (religion) a solemn declaration that serves the same purpose as an oath (if an oath is objectionable to the person on religious or ethical grounds)


profession: affirmation of acceptance of some religion or faith


giving: the imparting of news or promises etc.


guarantee: a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications


warrant: a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications


warrantee: a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications


warranty: a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications


security: a guarantee that an obligation will be met


surety: a guarantee that an obligation will be met


deposit: a payment given as a guarantee that an obligation will be met


stock warrant: a written certificate that gives the holder the right to purchase shares of a stock for a specified price within a specified period of time


guarantee: an unconditional commitment that something will happen or that something is true


safety net: a guarantee of professional or financial security


full faith and credit: a guarantee to pay interest and principal on debt; usually issued by the United States Treasury


approval: a message expressing a favorable opinion


commendation: a message expressing a favorable opinion


approbation: official recognition or approval


sanction: formal and explicit approval


countenance: formal and explicit approval


endorsement: formal and explicit approval


indorsement: formal and explicit approval


warrant: formal and explicit approval


imprimatur: formal and explicit approval


O.K.: an endorsement


OK: an endorsement


okay: an endorsement


okey: an endorsement


okeh: an endorsement


visa: an endorsement made in a passport that allows the bearer to enter the country issuing it


nihil obstat: the phrase used by the official censor of the Roman Catholic Church to say that a publication has been examined and contains nothing offensive to the church


recognition: approval


credit: approval


memorial: a recognition of meritorious service


commemoration: a recognition of meritorious service


remembrance: a recognition of meritorious service


ovation: enthusiastic recognition (especially one accompanied by loud applause)


standing ovation: enthusiastic recognition (especially one accompanied by loud applause)


salute: an act of honor or courteous recognition


salutation: an act of honor or courteous recognition


connivance: (law) tacit approval of someone's wrongdoing


secret approval: (law) tacit approval of someone's wrongdoing


tacit consent: (law) tacit approval of someone's wrongdoing


permission: approval to do something


all clear: permission to proceed because obstacles have been removed


consent: permission to do something


dismissal: permission to go; the sending away of someone


green light: permission to proceed with a project or to take action


leave: permission to do something


pass: a permit to enter or leave a military installation


liberty chit: a permit to enter or leave a military installation


pass: a document indicating permission to do something without restrictions


laissez passer: a document indicating permission to do something without restrictions


boarding card: a pass that allows you to board a ship or plane


boarding pass: a pass that allows you to board a ship or plane


hall pass: written permission from a teacher for a student to be out the classroom and in the halls of the school


ticket-of-leave: a permit formerly given to convicts allowing them to leave prison under specific restrictions


pass: any authorization to pass or go somewhere


passport: any authorization to pass or go somewhere


safe-conduct: a document or escort providing safe passage through a region especially in time of war


safeguard: a document or escort providing safe passage through a region especially in time of war


encouragement: the expression of approval and support


acclaim: enthusiastic approval


acclamation: enthusiastic approval


plaudits: enthusiastic approval


plaudit: enthusiastic approval


eclat: enthusiastic approval


applause: a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together


hand clapping: a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together


clapping: a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together


hand: a round of applause to signify approval


handclap: a clap of the hands to indicate approval


round: an outburst of applause


cheer: a cry or shout of approval


banzai: a Japanese cheer of enthusiasm or triumph


bravo: a cry of approval as from an audience at the end of great performance


hurrah: a victory cheer


hooray: a victory cheer


salvo: a sudden outburst of cheers


praise: an expression of approval and commendation


congratulations: an expression of approval and commendation


kudos: an expression of approval and commendation


extolment: an expression of approval and commendation


praise: offering words of homage as an act of worship


hallelujah: a shout or song of praise to God


rave: an extravagantly enthusiastic review


superlative: an exaggerated expression (usually of praise)


encomium: a formal expression of praise


eulogy: a formal expression of praise


panegyric: a formal expression of praise


paean: a formal expression of praise


pean: a formal expression of praise


eulogy: a formal expression of praise for someone who has died recently


eulogium: a formal expression of praise for someone who has died recently


recommendation: something that recommends (or expresses commendation of) a person or thing as worthy or desirable


testimonial: something that recommends (or expresses commendation of) a person or thing as worthy or desirable


good word: something that recommends (or expresses commendation of) a person or thing as worthy or desirable


character: a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability


reference: a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability


character reference: a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability


puff: exaggerated praise (as for promotional purposes)


compliment: a remark (or act) expressing praise and admiration


trade-last: a compliment that I heard about you that I offer to trade for a compliment you have heard about me


flattery: excessive or insincere praise


adulation: servile flattery; exaggerated and hypocritical praise


blandishment: flattery intended to persuade


cajolery: flattery intended to persuade


palaver: flattery intended to persuade


blarney: flattery designed to gain favor


coaxing: flattery designed to gain favor


soft soap: flattery designed to gain favor


sweet talk: flattery designed to gain favor


puffery: a flattering commendation (especially when used for promotional purposes)


unction: excessive but superficial compliments given with affected charm


smarm: excessive but superficial compliments given with affected charm


fulsomeness: excessive but superficial compliments given with affected charm


award: a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction


accolade: a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction


honor: a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction


honour: a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction


laurels: a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction


aliyah: (Judaism) the honor of being called up to the reading desk in the synagogue to read from the Torah


tribute: something given or done as an expression of esteem


testimonial: something given or done as an expression of esteem


academic degree: an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study


degree: an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study


associate degree: a degree granted by a two-year college on successful completion of the undergraduates course of studies


associate: a degree granted by a two-year college on successful completion of the undergraduates course of studies


Associate in Arts: an associate degree in arts


AA: an associate degree in arts


Associate in Applied Science: an associate degree in applied science


AAS: an associate degree in applied science


Associate in Nursing: an associate degree in nursing


AN: an associate degree in nursing


bachelor's degree: an academic degree conferred on someone who has successfully completed undergraduate studies


baccalaureate: an academic degree conferred on someone who has successfully completed undergraduate studies


Bachelor of Arts: a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences


BA: a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences


Artium Baccalaurens: a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences


AB: a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences


Bachelor of Arts in Library Science: a bachelor's degree in library science


ABLS: a bachelor's degree in library science


Bachelor of Arts in Nursing: a bachelor's degree in nursing


BAN: a bachelor's degree in nursing


Bachelor of Divinity: a bachelor's degree in religion


BD: a bachelor's degree in religion


Bachelor of Literature: a bachelor's degree in literature


BLitt: a bachelor's degree in literature


Bachelor of Medicine: (a British degree) a bachelor's degree in medicine


MB: (a British degree) a bachelor's degree in medicine


Bachelor of Music: a bachelor's degree in music


BMus: a bachelor's degree in music


Bachelor of Naval Science: a bachelor's degree in naval science


BNS: a bachelor's degree in naval science


Bachelor of Science: a bachelor's degree in science


BS: a bachelor's degree in science


SB: a bachelor's degree in science


Bachelor of Science in Architecture: a bachelor's degree in architecture


BSArch: a bachelor's degree in architecture


Bachelor of Science in Engineering: a bachelor's degree in engineering


Bachelor of Theology: a bachelor's degree in theology


ThB: a bachelor's degree in theology


honours: a university degree with honors


honours degree: a university degree with honors


first: an honours degree of the highest class


first-class honours degree: an honours degree of the highest class


double first: a first-class honours degree in two subjects


master's degree: an academic degree higher than a bachelor's degree but lower than a doctor's degree


Master of Architecture: a degree granted for the successful completion of advanced study of architecture


MArch: a degree granted for the successful completion of advanced study of architecture


Master of Arts: a master's degree in arts and sciences


MA: a master's degree in arts and sciences


Artium Magister: a master's degree in arts and sciences


AM: a master's degree in arts and sciences


Master of Arts in Library Science: a master's degree in library science


MALS: a master's degree in library science


Master of Arts in Teaching: a master's degree in teaching


MAT: a master's degree in teaching


Master in Business: a master's degree in business


Master in Business Administration: a master's degree in business


MBA: a master's degree in business


Master of Divinity: a master's degree in religion


MDiv: a master's degree in religion


Master of Education: a master's degree in education


MEd: a master's degree in education


Master of Fine Arts: a master's degree in fine arts


MFA: a master's degree in fine arts


Master of Literature: a master's degree in literature


MLitt: a master's degree in literature


Master of Library Science: a master's degree in library science


MLS: a master's degree in library science


Master in Public Affairs: a master's degree in questions of public concern


Master of Science: a master's degree in science


MS: a master's degree in science


SM: a master's degree in science


MSc: a master's degree in science


Master of Science in Engineering: a master's degree in engineering


Master of Theology: a master's degree in theology


ThM: a master's degree in theology


doctor's degree: one of the highest earned academic degrees conferred by a university


doctorate: one of the highest earned academic degrees conferred by a university


Doctor of Dental Medicine: a doctor's degree in dental medicine


DMD: a doctor's degree in dental medicine


Doctor of Dental Surgery: a doctor's degree in dental surgery


DDS: a doctor's degree in dental surgery


Doctor of Divinity: a doctor's degree in religion


DD: a doctor's degree in religion


Doctor of Education: a doctor's degree in education


EdD: a doctor's degree in education


DEd: a doctor's degree in education


Doctor of Medicine: a doctor's degree in medicine


MD: a doctor's degree in medicine


Doctor of Music: a doctor's degree in music


DMus: a doctor's degree in music


MusD: a doctor's degree in music


Doctor of Musical Arts: a doctor's degree in musical arts


AMusD: a doctor's degree in musical arts


Doctor of Optometry: a doctor's degree in optometry


OD: a doctor's degree in optometry


Doctor of Osteopathy: doctor's degree in osteopathy


DO: doctor's degree in osteopathy


Doctor of Arts: a doctor's degree with a special disciplinary focus


D.A.: a doctor's degree with a special disciplinary focus


Doctor of Philosophy: a doctorate awarded for original contributions to knowledge


Ph.D.: a doctorate usually based on at least 3 years graduate study and a dissertation; the highest degree awarded graduate study


PhD: a doctorate usually based on at least 3 years graduate study and a dissertation; the highest degree awarded graduate study


DPhil: a British doctorate


Doctor of Public Health: a doctor's degree in preventive medicine


DPH: a doctor's degree in preventive medicine


Doctor of Theology: a doctor's degree in theology


ThD: a doctor's degree in theology


Doctor of Sacred Theology: a doctor's degree in theology


STD: a doctor's degree in theology


law degree: degree conferred on someone who successfully completes law school


Bachelor of Laws: a three-year law degree


LLB: a three-year law degree


Master of Laws: an advanced law degree


LLM: an advanced law degree


honorary degree: a degree conferred to honor the recipient


honoris causa: a degree conferred to honor the recipient


Doctor of Arts: an honorary arts degree


ArtsD: an honorary arts degree


Doctor of Fine Arts: an honorary degree in fine arts


Doctor of Humane Letters: an honorary degree in letters


Doctor of Humanities: an honorary degree in the humanities


Doctor of Laws: an honorary law degree


LLD: an honorary law degree


Doctor of Science: an honorary degree in science


DS: an honorary degree in science


ScD: an honorary degree in science


pennant: the award given to the champion


crown: the award given to the champion


cachet: an indication of approved or superior status


seal: an indication of approved or superior status


seal of approval: an indication of approved or superior status


citation: an official award (as for bravery or service) usually given as formal public statement


commendation: an official award (as for bravery or service) usually given as formal public statement


mention: an official recognition of merit


honorable mention: an official recognition of merit


letter: an award earned by participation in a school sport


varsity letter: an award earned by participation in a school sport


decoration: an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event


laurel wreath: an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event


medal: an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event


medallion: an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event


palm: an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event


ribbon: an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event


Medal of Honor: the highest U.S. military decoration awarded for bravery and valor in action `above and beyond the call of duty'


Congressional Medal of Honor: the highest U.S. military decoration awarded for bravery and valor in action `above and beyond the call of duty'


Distinguished Service Medal: a United States military decoration for meritorious service in wartime duty of great responsibility


Distinguished Service Cross: a United States Army decoration for extraordinary heroism against an armed enemy


Navy Cross: a United States Navy decoration for extraordinary heroism against an armed enemy


Distinguished Flying Cross: a United States Air Force decoration for heroism while participating in an aerial flight


Air Medal: a United States Air Force decoration for meritorious achievement while participating in an aerial flight


Silver Star Medal: a United States military decoration for gallantry in action


Silver Star: a United States military decoration for gallantry in action


Bronze Star Medal: a United States military decoration awarded for meritorious service (except in aerial flight)


Bronze Star: a United States military decoration awarded for meritorious service (except in aerial flight)


Order of the Purple Heart: a United States military decoration awarded to any member of the armed forces who is wounded in action


Purple Heart: a United States military decoration awarded to any member of the armed forces who is wounded in action


Oak Leaf Cluster: a United States military decoration consisting of bronze or silver oak leaves and acorns awarded to anyone who has won a given medal before


Victoria Cross: a British military decoration for gallantry


Distinguished Conduct Medal: a British military decoration for distinguished conduct in the field


Distinguished Service Order: a British military decoration for special service in action


Croix de Guerre: a French military decoration for gallantry


Medaille Militaire: a French military decoration


trophy: an award for success in war or hunting


disapproval: the expression of disapproval


disapprobation: an expression of strong disapproval; pronouncing as wrong or morally culpable


condemnation: an expression of strong disapproval; pronouncing as wrong or morally culpable


censure: harsh criticism or disapproval


animadversion: harsh criticism or disapproval


demonization: to represent as diabolically evil


demonisation: to represent as diabolically evil


interdict: an ecclesiastical censure by the Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district


criticism: disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings


unfavorable judgment: disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings


brickbat: blunt criticism


faultfinding: persistent petty and unjustified criticism


carping: persistent petty and unjustified criticism


fire: intense adverse criticism


attack: intense adverse criticism


flak: intense adverse criticism


flack: intense adverse criticism


blast: intense adverse criticism


thrust: verbal criticism


potshot: criticism aimed at an easy target and made without careful consideration


counterblast: a vigorous and unrestrained response


rebuke: an act or expression of criticism and censure


reproof: an act or expression of criticism and censure


reproval: an act or expression of criticism and censure


reprehension: an act or expression of criticism and censure


reprimand: an act or expression of criticism and censure


sermon: a moralistic rebuke


preaching: a moralistic rebuke


slating: a severely critical attack


static: angry criticism


stricture: severe criticism


chiding: rebuking a person harshly


scolding: rebuking a person harshly


objurgation: rebuking a person harshly


tongue-lashing: rebuking a person harshly


what for: a strong reprimand


wig: British slang for a scolding


wigging: British slang for a scolding


castigation: a severe scolding


earful: a severe scolding


bawling out: a severe scolding


chewing out: a severe scolding


upbraiding: a severe scolding


going-over: a severe scolding


dressing down: a severe scolding


berating: a severe rebuke


blowing up: a severe rebuke


reproach: a mild rebuke or criticism


self-reproach: the act of blaming yourself


self-reproof: the act of blaming yourself


blame: a reproach for some lapse or misdeed


rap: a reproach for some lapse or misdeed


lecture: a lengthy rebuke


speech: a lengthy rebuke


talking to: a lengthy rebuke


curtain lecture: a private lecture to a husband by his wife


correction: a rebuke for making a mistake


chastening: a rebuke for making a mistake


chastisement: a rebuke for making a mistake


admonition: a firm rebuke


admonishment: a firm rebuke


monition: a firm rebuke


respects: (often used with `pay') a formal expression of esteem


ad-lib: remark made spontaneously without prior preparation


courtesy: a courteous or respectful or considerate remark


disrespect: an expression of lack of respect


discourtesy: an expression of lack of respect


abuse: a rude expression intended to offend or hurt


insult: a rude expression intended to offend or hurt


revilement: a rude expression intended to offend or hurt


contumely: a rude expression intended to offend or hurt


vilification: a rude expression intended to offend or hurt


derision: contemptuous laughter


ridicule: language or behavior intended to mock or humiliate


contempt: open disrespect for a person or thing


scorn: open disrespect for a person or thing


fleer: contempt expressed by mockery in looks or words


jeer: showing your contempt by derision


jeering: showing your contempt by derision


mockery: showing your contempt by derision


scoff: showing your contempt by derision


scoffing: showing your contempt by derision


sneer: a facial expression of contempt or scorn; the upper lip curls


leer: a facial expression of contempt or scorn; the upper lip curls


sneer: a contemptuous or scornful remark


put-down: a crushing remark


squelch: a crushing remark


squelcher: a crushing remark


takedown: a crushing remark


stultification: derision of someone or something as foolish or absurd or inconsistent


befooling: derision of someone or something as foolish or absurd or inconsistent


disparagement: a communication that belittles somebody or something


depreciation: a communication that belittles somebody or something


derogation: a communication that belittles somebody or something


cold water: disparagement of a plan or hope or expectation


denigration: a belittling comment


belittling: a belittling comment


aspersion: a disparaging remark


slur: a disparaging remark


ethnic slur: a slur on someone's race or language


detraction: a petty disparagement


petty criticism: a petty disparagement


sour grapes: disparagement of something that is unattainable


condescension: a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient


disdain: a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient


patronage: a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient


defamation: a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions


calumny: a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions


calumniation: a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions


obloquy: a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions


traducement: a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions


hatchet job: a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions


character assassination: an attack intended to ruin someone's reputation


assassination: an attack intended to ruin someone's reputation


blackwash: an attack intended to ruin someone's reputation


mud: slanderous remarks or charges


smear: slanderous defamation


vilification: slanderous defamation


malignment: slanderous defamation


libel: a false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person


slander: words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another


name calling: verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument


names: verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument


name: a defamatory or abusive word or phrase


epithet: a defamatory or abusive word or phrase


smear word: an epithet that can be used to smear someone's reputation


low blow: unscrupulous abuse


scurrility: foul-mouthed or obscene abuse


billingsgate: foul-mouthed or obscene abuse


stinger: a remark capable of wounding mentally


cut: a remark capable of wounding mentally


vituperation: abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will


invective: abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will


vitriol: abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will


impudence: an impudent statement


cheek: an impudent statement


impertinence: an impudent statement


sass: an impudent or insolent rejoinder


sassing: an impudent or insolent rejoinder


backtalk: an impudent or insolent rejoinder


back talk: an impudent or insolent rejoinder


lip: an impudent or insolent rejoinder


mouth: an impudent or insolent rejoinder


interpolation: a message (spoken or written) that is introduced or inserted


insertion: a message (spoken or written) that is introduced or inserted


statement: a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc


statement: a nonverbal message


amendment: a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.)


thing: a statement regarded as an object


truth: a true statement


true statement: a true statement


gospel: an unquestionable truth


gospel truth: an unquestionable truth


antinomy: a contradiction between two statements that seem equally reasonable


paradox: (logic) a statement that contradicts itself


description: a statement that represents something in words


verbal description: a statement that represents something in words


job description: description of the responsibilities associated with a given job


specification: a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of work


spec: a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of work


computer architecture: the art of assembling logical elements into a computing device; the specification of the relation between parts of a computer system


neural network: computer architecture in which processors are connected in a manner suggestive of connections between neurons; can learn by trial and error


neural net: computer architecture in which processors are connected in a manner suggestive of connections between neurons; can learn by trial and error


network architecture: specification of design principles (including data formats and procedures) for creating a network configuration of data processors


declaration: a statement that is emphatic and explicit (spoken or written)


announcement: a formal public statement


proclamation: a formal public statement


annunciation: a formal public statement


declaration: a formal public statement


bastardization: declaring or rendering bastard


edict: a formal or authoritative proclamation


bull: a formal proclamation issued by the pope (usually written in antiquated characters and sealed with a leaden bulla)


papal bull: a formal proclamation issued by the pope (usually written in antiquated characters and sealed with a leaden bulla)


promulgation: the official announcement of a new law or ordinance whereby the law or ordinance is put into effect


confession: a public declaration of your faith


manifesto: a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government)


pronunciamento: a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government)


Communist Manifesto: a socialist manifesto written by Marx and Engels (1842) describing the history of the working-class movement according to their views


pronouncement: an authoritative declaration


dictum: an authoritative declaration


say-so: an authoritative declaration


Bill of Rights: a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)


First Amendment: an amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing the right of free expression; includes freedom of assembly and freedom of the press and freedom of religion and freedom of speech


Fifth Amendment: an amendment to the Constitution of the United States that imposes restrictions on the government's prosecution of persons accused of crimes; mandates due process of law and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy; requires just compensation if private property is taken for public use


Fourteenth Amendment: an amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1868; extends the guarantees of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as to the federal government


Eighteenth Amendment: an amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1920; prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages; repealed in 1932


Nineteenth Amendment: an amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1920; guarantees that no state can deny the right to vote on the basis of sex


assertion: a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)


averment: a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)


asseveration: a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)


claim: an assertion of a right (as to money or property)


cause of action: a claim sufficient to demand judicial attention; the facts that give rise to right of action


dibs: a claim of rights


pretension: the advancing of a claim


claim: an assertion that something is true or factual


accusation: an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence


charge: an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence


countercharge: a charge brought by an accused person against the accuser


allegation: statements affirming or denying certain matters of fact that you are prepared to prove


allegement: statements affirming or denying certain matters of fact that you are prepared to prove


contention: a point asserted as part of an argument


submission: (law) a contention presented by a lawyer to a judge or jury as part of the case he is arguing


ipse dixit: an unsupported dogmatic assertion


ipsedixitism: an unsupported dogmatic assertion


formula: a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement


expression: a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement


formula: a conventionalized statement expressing some fundamental principle


mathematical statement: a statement of a mathematical relation


avowal: a statement asserting the existence or the truth of something


avouchment: a statement asserting the existence or the truth of something


affirmation: a statement asserting the existence or the truth of something


reassertion: renewed affirmation


reaffirmation: renewed affirmation


testimony: an assertion offering firsthand authentication of a fact


profession: an open avowal (true or false) of some belief or opinion


professing: an open avowal (true or false) of some belief or opinion


protestation: a strong declaration of protest


postulation: (logic) a declaration of something self-evident; something that can be assumed as the basis for argument


predication: (logic) a declaration of something self-evident; something that can be assumed as the basis for argument


threat: declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another


commination: a threat of divine punishment or vengeance


menace: a threat or the act of threatening


evidence: (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved


exhibit: an object or statement produced before a court of law and referred to while giving evidence


testimony: a solemn statement made under oath


witness: testimony by word or deed to your religious faith


corpus delicti: the body of evidence that constitute the offence; the objective proof that a crime has been committed (sometimes mistakenly thought to refer to the body of a homicide victim)


direct evidence: evidence (usually the testimony of a witness) directly related to the fact in dispute


res gestae: rule of evidence that covers words that are so closely associated with an occurrence that the words are considered part of the occurrence and as such their report does not violate the hearsay rule


circumstantial evidence: evidence providing only a basis for inference about the fact in dispute


indirect evidence: evidence providing only a basis for inference about the fact in dispute


corroborating evidence: additional evidence or evidence of different kind that supports a proof already offered in a proceeding


hearsay evidence: evidence based on what someone has told the witness and not of direct knowledge


state's evidence: evidence for the prosecution in criminal proceedings


declaration: (law) unsworn statement that can be admitted in evidence in a legal transaction


attestation: the action of bearing witness


affidavit: written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath


verification: (law) an affidavit attached to a statement confirming the truth of that statement


subornation: perjured testimony that someone was persuaded to give


bid: (bridge) the number of tricks a bridge player is willing to contract to make


bidding: (bridge) the number of tricks a bridge player is willing to contract to make


contract: (contract bridge) the highest bid becomes the contract setting the number of tricks that the bidder must make


declaration: (contract bridge) the highest bid becomes the contract setting the number of tricks that the bidder must make


takeout: (bridge) a bid that asks your partner to bid another suit


overbid: (bridge) a bid that is higher than your opponent's bid (especially when your partner has not bid at all and your bid exceeds the value of your hand)


overcall: (bridge) a bid that is higher than your opponent's bid (especially when your partner has not bid at all and your bid exceeds the value of your hand)


preemptive bid: a high bid that is intended to prevent the opposing players from bidding


pre-empt: a high bid that is intended to prevent the opposing players from bidding


preempt: a high bid that is intended to prevent the opposing players from bidding


word: a brief statement


explanation: a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.


account: a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.


explicandum: (logic) a statement of something (a fact or thing or expression) to be explained


explanandum: (logic) a statement of something (a fact or thing or expression) to be explained


explanans: (logic) statements that explain the explicandum; the explanatory premises


simplification: an explanation that omits superfluous details and reduces complexity


oversimplification: a simplification that goes too far (to the point of misrepresentation)


simplism: a simplification that goes too far (to the point of misrepresentation)


accounting: a convincing explanation that reveals basic causes


value statement: a statement of the desirability of something


representation: a statement of facts and reasons made in appealing or protesting


reason: an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon


justification: a statement in explanation of some action or belief


cause: a justification for something existing or happening


reason: a justification for something existing or happening


grounds: a justification for something existing or happening


defense: the justification for some act or belief


defence: the justification for some act or belief


vindication: the justification for some act or belief


apology: a formal written defense of something you believe in strongly


apologia: a formal written defense of something you believe in strongly


alibi: (law) a defense by an accused person purporting to show that he or she could not have committed the crime in question


excuse: a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.


alibi: a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.


exculpation: a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.


self-justification: a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.


extenuation: a partial excuse to mitigate censure; an attempt to represent an offense as less serious than it appears by showing mitigating circumstances


mitigation: a partial excuse to mitigate censure; an attempt to represent an offense as less serious than it appears by showing mitigating circumstances


exposition: (music) the section of a movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes first occur


exposition: an account that sets forth the meaning or intent of a writing or discourse


exposition: a systematic interpretation or explanation (usually written) of a specific topic


expounding: a systematic interpretation or explanation (usually written) of a specific topic


construal: an interpretation of the meaning of something; the act of construing


philosophizing: the exposition (often superficially) of a particular philosophy


moralizing: indulgence in moral pronouncements; the exposition (often superficially) of a particular moral code


moralization: indulgence in moral pronouncements; the exposition (often superficially) of a particular moral code


moralisation: indulgence in moral pronouncements; the exposition (often superficially) of a particular moral code


preachification: moralization delivered tediously in a preachy manner


explication: a detailed explanation of the meaning of something


solution: a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem


answer: a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem


result: a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem


resolution: a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem


solvent: a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem


denouement: the final resolution of the main complication of a literary or dramatic work


gloss: an explanation or definition of an obscure word in a text


rubric: an explanation or definition of an obscure word in a text


deriving: (historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase


derivation: (historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase


etymologizing: (historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase


definition: a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol


contextual definition: a definition in which the term is used by embedding it in a larger expression containing its explanation


dictionary definition: a definition that reports the standard uses of a word or phrase or symbol


explicit definition: a definition that gives an exact equivalent of the term defined


ostensive definition: a definition that points out or exhibits instances of the term defined


recursive definition: (mathematics) a definition of a function from which values of the function can be calculated in a finite number of steps


redefinition: the act of giving a new definition


stipulative definition: a definition that is stipulated by someone and that is not a standard usage


answer: a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation


reply: a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation


response: a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation


rescript: a reply by a Pope to an inquiry concerning a point of law or morality


feedback: response to an inquiry or experiment


announcement: a public statement containing information about an event that has happened or is going to happen


promulgation: a public statement containing information about an event that has happened or is going to happen


advisory: an announcement that usually advises or warns the public of some threat


Annunciation: (Christianity) the announcement to the Virgin Mary by the angel Gabriel of the incarnation of Christ


banns: a public announcement of a proposed marriage


handout: an announcement distributed to members of the press in order to supplement or replace an oral presentation


press release: an announcement distributed to members of the press in order to supplement or replace an oral presentation


release: an announcement distributed to members of the press in order to supplement or replace an oral presentation


notice: an announcement containing information about an event; ; ; "a notice of sale


caveat: (law) a formal notice filed with a court or officer to suspend a proceeding until filer is given a hearing


obituary: a notice of someone's death; usually includes a short biography


obit: a notice of someone's death; usually includes a short biography


necrology: a notice of someone's death; usually includes a short biography


Parallel Lives: a collection of biographies of famous pairs of Greeks and Romans written by Plutarch; used by Shakespeare in writing some of his plays


program: an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event


programme: an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event


playbill: a theatrical program


racecard: a program for a race meeting; lists the races and the names of the horses


prediction: a statement made about the future


foretelling: a statement made about the future


forecasting: a statement made about the future


prognostication: a statement made about the future


extropy: the prediction that human intelligence and technology will enable life to expand in an orderly way throughout the entire universe


fortunetelling: the practice of predicting people's futures (usually for payment)


horoscope: a prediction of someone's future based on the relative positions of the planets


meteorology: predicting what the weather will be


weather forecasting: predicting what the weather will be


prognosis: a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop


forecast: a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop


prophecy: a prediction uttered under divine inspiration


divination: a prediction uttered under divine inspiration


oracle: a prophecy (usually obscure or allegorical) revealed by a priest or priestess; believed to be infallible


financial forecast: a forecast of the expected financial position and the results of operations and cash flows based on expected conditions


weather forecast: a forecast of the weather


weather outlook: a forecast of the weather


proposition: (logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false


particular: (logic) a proposition that asserts something about some (but not all) members of a class


particular proposition: (logic) a proposition that asserts something about some (but not all) members of a class


universal: (logic) a proposition that asserts something of all members of a class


universal proposition: (logic) a proposition that asserts something of all members of a class


negation: (logic) a proposition that is true if and only if another proposition is false


converse: a proposition obtained by conversion


lemma: a subsidiary proposition that is assumed to be true in order to prove another proposition


term: one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition


theorem: a proposition deducible from basic postulates


categorem: a categorematic expression; a term capable of standing alone as the subject or predicate of a logical proposition


categoreme: a categorematic expression; a term capable of standing alone as the subject or predicate of a logical proposition


syncategorem: a syncategorematic expression; a word that cannot be used alone as a term in a logical proposition


syncategoreme: a syncategorematic expression; a word that cannot be used alone as a term in a logical proposition


conclusion: the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)


ratiocination: the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)


postulate: (logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning


posit: (logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning


axiom: (logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident


premise: a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn


premiss: a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn


assumption: a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn


major premise: the premise of a syllogism that contains the major term (which is the predicate of the conclusion)


major premiss: the premise of a syllogism that contains the major term (which is the predicate of the conclusion)


minor premise: the premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term (which is the subject of the conclusion)


minor premiss: the premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term (which is the subject of the conclusion)


subsumption: the premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term (which is the subject of the conclusion)


major term: the term in a syllogism that is the predicate of the conclusion


minor term: the term in a syllogism that is the subject of the conclusion


middle term: the term in a syllogism that is common to both premises and excluded from the conclusion


specious argument: an argument that appears good at first view but is really fallacious


vicious circle: an argument that assumes that which is to be proved


thesis: an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument


condition: an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else


precondition: an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else


stipulation: an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else


boundary condition: (mathematics) a condition specified for the solution to a set of differential equations


provision: a stipulated condition


proviso: a stipulated condition


scenario: a postulated sequence of possible events


quotation: a statement of the current market price of a security or commodity


falsehood: a false statement


falsity: a false statement


untruth: a false statement


dodge: a statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery


dodging: a statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery


scheme: a statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery


lie: a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth


prevarication: a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth


fib: a trivial lie


story: a trivial lie


tale: a trivial lie


tarradiddle: a trivial lie


taradiddle: a trivial lie


fairytale: an interesting but highly implausible story; often told as an excuse


fairy tale: an interesting but highly implausible story; often told as an excuse


fairy story: an interesting but highly implausible story; often told as an excuse


cock-and-bull story: an interesting but highly implausible story; often told as an excuse


song and dance: an interesting but highly implausible story; often told as an excuse


jactitation: (law) a false boast that can harm others; especially a false claim to be married to someone (formerly actionable at law)


whopper: a gross untruth; a blatant lie


walloper: a gross untruth; a blatant lie


white lie: an unimportant lie (especially one told to be tactful or polite)


fabrication: a deliberately false or improbable account


fiction: a deliberately false or improbable account


fable: a deliberately false or improbable account


canard: a deliberately misleading fabrication


misrepresentation: a misleading falsehood


deceit: a misleading falsehood


deception: a misleading falsehood


half-truth: a partially true statement intended to deceive or mislead


facade: a showy misrepresentation intended to conceal something unpleasant


window dressing: a showy misrepresentation intended to conceal something unpleasant


exaggeration: making to seem more important than it really is


overstatement: making to seem more important than it really is


magnification: making to seem more important than it really is


understatement: a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said


snow job: a long and elaborate misrepresentation


pretense: pretending with intention to deceive


pretence: pretending with intention to deceive


feigning: pretending with intention to deceive


dissembling: pretending with intention to deceive


bluff: pretense that your position is stronger than it really is


pretext: something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason


stalking-horse: something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason


putoff: a pretext for delay or inaction


hypocrisy: an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction


lip service: an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction


crocodile tears: a hypocritical display of sorrow; false or insincere weeping


subterfuge: something intended to misrepresent the true nature of an activity


blind: something intended to misrepresent the true nature of an activity


trickery: verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way


hocus-pocus: verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way


slickness: verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way


hanky panky: verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way


jiggery-pokery: verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way


skulduggery: verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way


skullduggery: verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way


fraudulence: a fraudulent or duplicitous representation


duplicity: a fraudulent or duplicitous representation


evasion: a statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth


equivocation: a statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth


circumlocution: an indirect way of expressing something


indirect expression: an indirect way of expressing something


doublespeak: any language that pretends to communicate but actually does not


hedge: an intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement


hedging: an intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement


quibble: an evasion of the point of an argument by raising irrelevant distinctions or objections


quiddity: an evasion of the point of an argument by raising irrelevant distinctions or objections


cavil: an evasion of the point of an argument by raising irrelevant distinctions or objections


fine print: the part of a contract that contains reservations and qualifications that are often printed in small type


small print: the part of a contract that contains reservations and qualifications that are often printed in small type


weasel word: an equivocal qualification; a word used to avoid making an outright assertion


reservation: a statement that limits or restricts some claim


qualification: a statement that limits or restricts some claim


cautious statement: a statement made with careful qualifications


comment: a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material


commentary: a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material


Midrash: (Judaism) an ancient commentary on part of the Hebrew scriptures that is based on Jewish methods of interpretation and attached to the biblical text


note: a comment or instruction (usually added)


annotation: a comment or instruction (usually added)


notation: a comment or instruction (usually added)


citation: a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage


cite: a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage


acknowledgment: a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage


credit: a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage


reference: a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage


mention: a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage


quotation: a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage


footnote: a printed note placed below the text on a printed page


footer: a printed note placed below the text on a printed page


nota bene: a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something


NB: a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something


N.B.: a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something


postscript: a note appended to a letter after the signature


PS: a note appended to a letter after the signature


photo credit: a note acknowledging the source of a published photograph


cross-reference: a reference at one place in a work to information at another place in the same work


cross-index: a reference at one place in a work to information at another place in the same work


remark: a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information


comment: a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information


input: a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information


gambit: an opening remark intended to secure an advantage for the speaker


ploy: an opening remark intended to secure an advantage for the speaker


fatwah: (Islam) a legal opinion or ruling issued by an Islamic scholar


obiter dictum: an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding


dictum: an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding


obiter dictum: an incidental remark


passing comment: an incidental remark


mention: a remark that calls attention to something or someone


reference: a remark that calls attention to something or someone


allusion: passing reference or indirect mention


retrospection: reference to things past


name-dropping: the practice of casually mentioning important people in order to impress your listener


observation: a remark expressing careful consideration


reflection: a remark expressing careful consideration


reflexion: a remark expressing careful consideration


Parkinson's law: C. Northcote Parkinson's cynical observation that the number of subordinates in an organization will increase linearly regardless of the amount of work to be done


Parkinson's law: C. Northcote Parkinson's cynical observation that work will expand so as to fill the time available for its completion


rib: a teasing remark


wisecrack: witty remark


crack: witty remark


sally: witty remark


quip: witty remark


shot: an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect


shaft: an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect


slam: an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect


dig: an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect


barb: an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect


jibe: an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect


gibe: an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect


cheap shot: an unnecessarily aggressive and unfair remark directed at a defenseless person


conversation stopper: a remark to which there is no polite conversational reply


stopper: a remark to which there is no polite conversational reply


rhetorical question: a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered


misstatement: a statement that contains a mistake


restatement: a revised statement


demythologization: the restatement of a message (as a religious one) in rational terms


demythologisation: the restatement of a message (as a religious one) in rational terms


mythologization: the restatement of a message as a myth


mythologisation: the restatement of a message as a myth


error: part of a statement that is not correct


mistake: part of a statement that is not correct


corrigendum: a printer's error; to be corrected


misprint: a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind


erratum: a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind


typographical error: a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind


typo: a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind


literal error: a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind


literal: a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind


malapropism: the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar


malaprop: the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar


slip of the tongue: an accidental and usually trivial mistake in speaking


spoonerism: transposition of initial consonants in a pair of words


agreement: the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises


understanding: the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises


condition: (usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement


term: (usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement


bargain: an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each


deal: an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each


working agreement: an informal agreement to work together


gentlemen's agreement: a personal agreement based on honor and not legally binding


written agreement: a legal document summarizing the agreement between parties


submission: an agreement between parties in a dispute to abide by the decision of an arbiter


submission: a legal document summarizing an agreement between parties in a dispute to abide by the decision of an arbiter


covenant: a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action


compact: a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action


concordat: a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action


entente: a friendly understanding between political powers


entente cordiale: a friendly understanding between political powers


oral contract: an agreement that is not in writing and is not signed by the parties but is a real existing contract that lacks only the formal requirement of a memorandum to render it enforceable in litigation


indenture: a contract binding one party into the service of another for a specified term