Alnico: trade name for an alloy used to make high-energy permanent magnets; contains aluminum and iron and nickel plus cobalt or copper or titanium


amalgam: an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams


dental amalgam: an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams


fusible metal: an alloy with a low melting point and used as solder and in safety plugs and sprinkler fuses


brass: an alloy of copper and zinc


bronze: an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin


gunmetal: a type of bronze used for parts subject to wear or corrosion (especially corrosion by sea water)


phosphor bronze: a corrosion-resistant bronze containing phosphorus; used in bearings and gears


cupronickel: a 60/40 alloy of copper and nickel


electrum: an alloy of gold and silver


pewter: any of various alloys of tin with small amounts of other metals (especially lead)


pinchbeck: an alloy of copper and zinc that is used in cheap jewelry to imitate gold


pot metal: an alloy of copper and lead used especially for making large pots


hard solder: solder that contains copper; melts at a relatively high temperature; used for brazing


silver solder: a solder that contains silver


soft solder: solder that melts at a relatively low temperature


solder: an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces


gold dust: the particles and flakes (and sometimes small nuggets) of gold obtained in placer mining


white gold: a pale alloy of gold usually with platinum or nickel or palladium


Monel metal: an alloy of nickel and copper and other metals (such as iron and/or manganese and/or aluminum)


Monell metal: an alloy of nickel and copper and other metals (such as iron and/or manganese and/or aluminum)


type metal: an alloy of tin and lead and antimony used to make printing type


white metal: an alloy (often of lead or tin base) used for bearings


bearing metal: an alloy (often of lead or tin base) used for bearings


alluvial soil: a fine-grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds


allyl alcohol: an unsaturated primary alcohol present in wood spirit; use to make resins and plasticizers and pharmaceuticals


propenyl alcohol: an unsaturated primary alcohol present in wood spirit; use to make resins and plasticizers and pharmaceuticals


allyl resin: a resin derived from allyl alcohol that hardens when cured; used as an adhesive


alpha-beta brass: a brass that has more zinc and is stronger than alpha brass; used in making castings and hot-worked products


Muntz metal: a brass that has more zinc and is stronger than alpha brass; used in making castings and hot-worked products


yellow metal: a brass that has more zinc and is stronger than alpha brass; used in making castings and hot-worked products


alpha brass: an alloy of brass and zinc; used mainly for cold working


alpha bronze: an alloy of copper and tin that can be worked


alpha iron: a magnetic allotrope of iron; stable below 906 degrees centigrade


alpha-tocopheral: a potent form of vitamin E obtained from germ oils or by synthesis


carotenoid: any of a class of highly unsaturated yellow to red pigments occurring in plants and animals


carotene: yellow or orange-red fat-soluble pigments in plants


lycopene: carotenoid that makes tomatoes red; may lower the risk of prostate cancer


beta-carotene: an isomer of carotene that is found in dark green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables


xanthophyll: yellow carotenoid pigments in plants and animal fats and egg yolks


xanthophyl: yellow carotenoid pigments in plants and animal fats and egg yolks


lutein: yellow carotenoid pigments in plants and animal fats and egg yolks


zeaxanthin: yellow carotenoid (isomeric with lutein and occurs widely with it) that is the main pigment in yellow Indian corn


betaine: a sweet tasting alkaloid that occurs in sugar beets


beta iron: an allotrope of iron that is the same as alpha iron except that it is nonmagnetic; stable between 768 and 906 degrees centigrade


gamma iron: a nonmagnetic allotrope of iron that is the basis of austenite; stable between 906 and 1403 degrees centigrade


delta iron: an allotrope of iron that is stable between 1403 degrees centigrade and the melting point (= 1532 degrees)


amethyst: a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone


amygdaloid: volcanic rock in which rounded cavities formed by expanding gas have subsequently become filled with mineral deposits


aluminum bronze: an alloy of copper and aluminum with high tensile strength and resistance to corrosion


aluminium bronze: an alloy of copper and aluminum with high tensile strength and resistance to corrosion


activator: (biology) any agency bringing about activation; a molecule that increases the activity of an enzyme or a protein that increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription


activating agent: (mineral extraction) a surface-active chemical used in flotation process to increase the attraction to a specific mineral


catalyst: (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected


accelerator: (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected


biocatalyst: a biochemical catalyst such as an enzyme


sensitizer: (chemistry) a substance other than a catalyst that facilitates the start of a catalytic reaction


sensitiser: (chemistry) a substance other than a catalyst that facilitates the start of a catalytic reaction


amide: any organic compound containing the group -CONH2


inhibitor: a substance that retards or stops an activity


antioxidant: substance that inhibits oxidation or inhibits reactions promoted by oxygen or peroxides


rust inhibitor: antioxidant that inhibits the formation of rust


anticatalyst: (chemistry) a substance that retards a chemical reaction or diminishes the activity of a catalyst


actinolite: a green mineral of the amphibole group; calcium magnesium iron silicate


andesite: a dark grey volcanic rock


anthophyllite: a dark brown mineral of the amphibole group; magnesium iron silicate


asbestos: a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer


chrysotile: a grey or green fibrous mineral; an important source of commercial asbestos


tremolite: a white or pale green mineral (calcium magnesium silicate) of the amphibole group used as a form of asbestos


hornblende: a green to black mineral of the amphibole group; consists of silicates of calcium and sodium and magnesium and iron


aphanite: fine-grained homogeneous rock (such as basalt) containing minerals undetectable by the naked eye


aplite: light-colored and fine-grained granitic rock consisting chiefly of quartz and feldspars


afterdamp: a toxic mixture of gases (including carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and nitrogen) after an explosion of firedamp in a mine


dacite: a grey volcanic rock containing plagioclase and quartz and other crystalline minerals


firedamp: a mixture of gases (mostly methane) that form in coal mines and become explosive when mixed with air


carrier: an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction


moderator: any substance used to slow down neutrons in nuclear reactors


heavy water: water containing a substantial proportion of deuterium atoms, used in nuclear reactors


deuterium oxide: water containing a substantial proportion of deuterium atoms, used in nuclear reactors


organic compound: any compound of carbon and another element or a radical


protein: any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes


recombinant protein: a protein derived from recombinant DNA


actomyosin: a protein complex in muscle fibers; composed of myosin and actin; shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions


aleurone: granular protein in outermost layer of endosperm of many seeds or cereal grains


amyloid: (pathology) a waxy translucent complex protein resembling starch that results from degeneration of tissue


apoenzyme: a protein that combines with a coenzyme to form an active enzyme


beta-naphthol: an isomer of naphthol used in rubber as an antioxidant


gelatin: a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissues such as bone and skin


gelatine: a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissues such as bone and skin


chondrin: a substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water


mucin: a nitrogenous substance found in mucous secretions; a lubricant that protects body surfaces


conjugated protein: a protein complex combining amino acids with other substances


compound protein: a protein complex combining amino acids with other substances


actin: one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form


albumin: a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids


albumen: a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids


lactalbumin: albumin occurring in milk


serum albumin: albumin occurring in blood serum; serves to maintain the somatic pressure of the blood


alpha globulin: a globulin in blood plasma or serum that is alkaline and has great electrophoretic mobility


serum globulin: globulins occurring in blood serum and containing most of the antibodies of the blood


C-reactive protein: a byproduct of inflammation; a globulin that is found in the blood in some cases of acute inflammation


CRP: a byproduct of inflammation; a globulin that is found in the blood in some cases of acute inflammation


keratin: a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair, feathers, nails, and hooves


ceratin: a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair, feathers, nails, and hooves


chitin: a tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of certain fungi


enzyme: any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions


fibrin: a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets


filaggrin: the main protein of the keratohyalin granules


growth factor: a protein that is involved in cell differentiation and growth


nerve growth factor: a protein that is involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells


NGF: a protein that is involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells


haptoglobin: a protein in plasma that binds free hemoglobin and removes it (as from wounds)


iodoprotein: a protein that contains iodine


iodinated protein: a protein that contains iodine


nucleoprotein: any of several substances found in the nuclei of all living cells; consists of a protein bound to a nucleic acid


opsin: retinal protein formed by the action of light on rhodopsin


phosphoprotein: containing chemically bound phosphoric acid


casein: a milk protein used in making e.g. plastics and adhesives


amylase: any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar


angiotensin converting enzyme: proteolytic enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II


angiotensin-converting enzyme: proteolytic enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II


ACE: proteolytic enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II


cholinesterase: an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)


coagulase: an enzyme that induces coagulation


collagenase: any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin


complement: one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response


plasma protein: any of the proteins in blood plasma


prostate specific antigen: a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm cells to swim freely; elevated levels of PSA in blood serum are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer


PSA: a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm cells to swim freely; elevated levels of PSA in blood serum are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer


proteome: the full complement of proteins produced by a particular genome


simple protein: a protein that yields only amino acids when hydrolyzed


thrombin: an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot


tumor necrosis factor: a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)


tumour necrosis factor: a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)


TNF: a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)


catalase: enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water


cyclooxygenase: either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin


Cox: either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin


cyclooxygenase-1: an enzyme that regulates prostaglandins that are important for the health of the stomach lining and kidneys


Cox-1: an enzyme that regulates prostaglandins that are important for the health of the stomach lining and kidneys


cyclooxygenase-2: an enzyme that makes prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain and fever


Cox-2: an enzyme that makes prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain and fever


ptyalin: an amylase secreted in saliva


rennet: a substance that curdles milk in making cheese and junket


ferment: a substance capable of bringing about fermentation


substrate: the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment


amine: a compound derived from ammonia by replacing hydrogen atoms by univalent hydrocarbon radicals


aminoalkane: a compound derived from ammonia by replacing hydrogen atoms by univalent hydrocarbon radicals


azadirachtin: insecticide


carboxylic acid: an organic acid characterized by one or more carboxyl groups


saccharic acid: a white dicarboxylic acid formed from oxidation of sugar or starch


sebacic acid: a dicarboxylic acid used to make resins


decanedioic acid: a dicarboxylic acid used to make resins


sorbic acid: a white crystalline carboxylic acid used as a preservative


valeric acid: a clear liquid carboxylic acid used in perfumes and drugs


pentanoic acid: a clear liquid carboxylic acid used in perfumes and drugs


fatty acid: any of a class of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that form part of a lipid molecule and can be derived from fat by hydrolysis; fatty acids are simple molecules built around a series of carbon atoms linked together in a chain of 12 to 22 carbon atoms


saturated fatty acid: a fatty acid whose carbon chain cannot absorb any more hydrogen atoms; found chiefly in animal fats


unsaturated fatty acid: a fatty acid whose carbon chain can absorb additional hydrogen atoms


trans fatty acid: a fatty acid that has been produced by hydrogenating an unsaturated fatty acid (and so changing its shape); found in processed foods such as margarine and fried foods and puddings and commercially baked goods and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils


monounsaturated fatty acid: an unsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has one double or triple valence bond per molecule; found chiefly in olive oil and chicken and almonds


polyunsaturated fatty acid: an unsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has more than one double or triple valence bond per molecule; found chiefly in fish and corn and soybean oil and safflower oil


omega-3 fatty acid: a polyunsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has its first double valence bond three carbons from the beginning


omega-3: a polyunsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has its first double valence bond three carbons from the beginning


omega-6 fatty acid: a polyunsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has its first double valence bond six carbons from the beginning


omega-6: a polyunsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has its first double valence bond six carbons from the beginning


margaric acid: a colorless crystalline synthetic fatty acid


heptadecanoic acid: a colorless crystalline synthetic fatty acid


ricinoleic acid: an oily fatty acid found in castor oil and used in soap


fibrinopeptide: peptide released from the amino end of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin to form fibrin during clotting of the blood


polypeptide: a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids


peptide: amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein


aminobenzoic acid: a derivative of benzoic acid


amino plastic: a plastic (synthetic resin) made from amino compounds; used as an adhesive and as a coating for paper and textiles


aminoplast: a plastic (synthetic resin) made from amino compounds; used as an adhesive and as a coating for paper and textiles


amino resin: a plastic (synthetic resin) made from amino compounds; used as an adhesive and as a coating for paper and textiles


ammonia: a pungent gas compounded of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH3)


ammine: a complex inorganic compound that contains ammonia molecules


ammonia water: a water solution of ammonia


ammonia: a water solution of ammonia


ammonium hydroxide: a water solution of ammonia


ammoniac: the aromatic gum of the ammoniac plant


gum ammoniac: the aromatic gum of the ammoniac plant


ammonium: the ion NH4 derived from ammonia; behaves in many respects like an alkali metal ion


ammonium ion: the ion NH4 derived from ammonia; behaves in many respects like an alkali metal ion


ammonium carbamate: a salt of carbamic acid that is used as a nitrogen fertilizer


ammonium carbonate: a carbonate of ammonium; used in the manufacture of smelling salts and baking powder and ammonium compounds


ammonium chloride: a white salt used in dry cells


sal ammoniac: a white salt used in dry cells


amyl alcohol: a mixture of 2 or more isomeric alcohols; used as a solvent and in organic synthesis


phytohormone: (botany) a plant product that acts like a hormone


plant hormone: (botany) a plant product that acts like a hormone


growth regulator: (botany) a plant product that acts like a hormone


auxin: a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth


gibberellin: a plant hormone isolated from a fungus; used in promoting plant growth


gibberellic acid: a crystalline acid associated with gibberellin


kinin: any of a class of plant hormones that promote cell division and delay the senescence of leaves


cytokinin: any of a class of plant hormones that promote cell division and delay the senescence of leaves


steroid hormone: any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs


steroid: any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs


sex hormone: any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs


corticosterone: secreted by the adrenal cortex; involved in regulating water and electrolyte balance in the body


progesterone: a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy


Lipo-Lutin: a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy


megestrol: a synthetic progestational compound used to treat endometrial carcinoma


megestrol acetate: a synthetic progestational compound used to treat endometrial carcinoma


norethindrone: a synthetic progestational hormone (trade name Norlutin) used in oral contraceptives and to treat endometriosis


norethindrone acetate: a synthetic progestational hormone (trade name Norlutin) used in oral contraceptives and to treat endometriosis


norethandrolone: a synthetic progestational hormone (trade name Norlutin) used in oral contraceptives and to treat endometriosis


Norlutin: a synthetic progestational hormone (trade name Norlutin) used in oral contraceptives and to treat endometriosis


norethynodrel: a progesterone derivative used in oral contraceptives and in the control of menstruation and the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding


norgestrel: synthetic progestin used in oral contraceptives


medroxyprogesterone: a progestin compound (trade name Provera) used to treat menstrual disorders


Provera: a progestin compound (trade name Provera) used to treat menstrual disorders


progestin: any of a group of steroid hormones that have the effect of progesterone


progestogen: any of a group of steroid hormones that have the effect of progesterone


androgen: male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics


androgenic hormone: male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics


adrenosterone: a steroid having androgenic activity; obtained from the cortex of the adrenal gland


androsterone: an androgenic hormone that is less active than testosterone


methyltestosterone: an androgenic compound contained in drugs that are used to treat testosterone deficiency and female breast cancer and to stimulate growth and weight gain


nandrolone: an androgen (trade names Durabolin or Kabolin) that is used to treat testosterone deficiency or breast cancer or osteoporosis


Durabolin: an androgen (trade names Durabolin or Kabolin) that is used to treat testosterone deficiency or breast cancer or osteoporosis


Kabolin: an androgen (trade names Durabolin or Kabolin) that is used to treat testosterone deficiency or breast cancer or osteoporosis


testosterone: a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes; responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics


follicle-stimulating hormone: a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates the cells in male mammals that form sperm


FSH: a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates the cells in male mammals that form sperm


human chorionic gonadotropin: hormone produced early in pregnancy by the placenta; detection in the urine and serum is the basis for one kind of pregnancy test


human chorionic gonadotrophin: hormone produced early in pregnancy by the placenta; detection in the urine and serum is the basis for one kind of pregnancy test


HCG: hormone produced early in pregnancy by the placenta; detection in the urine and serum is the basis for one kind of pregnancy test


luteinizing hormone: a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates ovulation in female mammals and stimulates androgen release in male mammals


LH: a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates ovulation in female mammals and stimulates androgen release in male mammals


interstitial cell-stimulating hormone: a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates ovulation in female mammals and stimulates androgen release in male mammals


ICSH: a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates ovulation in female mammals and stimulates androgen release in male mammals


prolactin: gonadotropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; in females it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation after parturition


lactogenic hormone: gonadotropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; in females it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation after parturition


luteotropin: gonadotropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; in females it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation after parturition


estrogen: a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics


oestrogen: a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics


diethylstilbestrol: a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry


diethylstilboestrol: a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry


stilbestrol: a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry


stilboestrol: a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry


DES: a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry


estradiol: the most powerful female hormone that occurs naturally; synthesized and used to treat estrogen deficiency and breast cancer


oestradiol: the most powerful female hormone that occurs naturally; synthesized and used to treat estrogen deficiency and breast cancer


estriol: a naturally occurring estrogenic hormone; a synthetic form is used to treat estrogen deficiency


oestriol: a naturally occurring estrogenic hormone; a synthetic form is used to treat estrogen deficiency


estrone: a naturally occurring weak estrogenic hormone secreted by the mammalian ovary; synthesized (trade name Estronol) and used to treat estrogen deficiency


oestrone: a naturally occurring weak estrogenic hormone secreted by the mammalian ovary; synthesized (trade name Estronol) and used to treat estrogen deficiency


theelin: a naturally occurring weak estrogenic hormone secreted by the mammalian ovary; synthesized (trade name Estronol) and used to treat estrogen deficiency


Estronol: a naturally occurring weak estrogenic hormone secreted by the mammalian ovary; synthesized (trade name Estronol) and used to treat estrogen deficiency


hexestrol: estrogen compound used to treat menstrual irregularities and menopausal symptoms and to prevent pregnancy


mestranol: a synthetic form of estrogen used in combination with a progestin in oral contraceptives


corticosteroid: a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response


corticoid: a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response


adrenal cortical steroid: a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response


mineralocorticoid: hormone that is one of the steroids of the adrenal cortex that influences the metabolism of sodium and potassium


glucocorticoid: a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals; affects functioning of gonads and has anti-inflammatory activity


glucosamine: an amino derivative of glucose that is a component of many polysaccharides


aldosterone: a corticosteroid hormone that is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland; regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance


hydrocortisone: an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism


cortisol: an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism


Hydrocortone: an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism


Cortef: an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism


cortisone: a corticosteroid hormone (trade name Cortone Acetate) normally produced by the adrenal cortex; is converted to hydrocortisone


Cortone Acetate: a corticosteroid hormone (trade name Cortone Acetate) normally produced by the adrenal cortex; is converted to hydrocortisone


prednisolone: a glucocorticoid (trade names Pediapred or Prelone) used to treat inflammatory conditions


Pediapred: a glucocorticoid (trade names Pediapred or Prelone) used to treat inflammatory conditions


Prelone: a glucocorticoid (trade names Pediapred or Prelone) used to treat inflammatory conditions


prednisone: a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant


Orasone: a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant


Deltasone: a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant


Liquid Pred: a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant


Meticorten: a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant


dexamethasone: a corticosteroid drug (trade names Decadron or Dexamethasone Intensol or Dexone or Hexadrol or Oradexon) used to treat allergies or inflammation


Decadron: a corticosteroid drug (trade names Decadron or Dexamethasone Intensol or Dexone or Hexadrol or Oradexon) used to treat allergies or inflammation


Dexamethasone Intensol: a corticosteroid drug (trade names Decadron or Dexamethasone Intensol or Dexone or Hexadrol or Oradexon) used to treat allergies or inflammation


Dexone: a corticosteroid drug (trade names Decadron or Dexamethasone Intensol or Dexone or Hexadrol or Oradexon) used to treat allergies or inflammation


Hexadrol: a corticosteroid drug (trade names Decadron or Dexamethasone Intensol or Dexone or Hexadrol or Oradexon) used to treat allergies or inflammation


Oradexon: a corticosteroid drug (trade names Decadron or Dexamethasone Intensol or Dexone or Hexadrol or Oradexon) used to treat allergies or inflammation


spironolactone: a synthetic corticosteroid (trade name Aldactone) used to treat hypertension


Aldactone: a synthetic corticosteroid (trade name Aldactone) used to treat hypertension


acid dye: dye in which the chromophore is part of a negative ion


aniline: oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used to make dyes and plastics and medicines


aniline oil: oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used to make dyes and plastics and medicines


aminobenzine: oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used to make dyes and plastics and medicines


phenylamine: oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used to make dyes and plastics and medicines


alizarin yellow: any of various yellow dyes; not related chemically to alizarin but applied in the same manner


anil: a blue dye obtained from plants or made synthetically


indigo: a blue dye obtained from plants or made synthetically


indigotin: a blue dye obtained from plants or made synthetically


aniline dye: any of many dyes made from aniline


animal oil: any oil obtained from animal substances


drying oil: an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base


animal material: material derived from animals


animal pigment: pigment occurring in animals


arsine: a poisonous colorless flammable gas used in organic synthesis and to dope transistors and as a poison gas in warfare


bilirubin: an orange-yellow pigment in the bile that forms as a product of hemoglobin; excess amounts in the blood produce the yellow appearance observed in jaundice


hematoidin: an orange-yellow pigment in the bile that forms as a product of hemoglobin; excess amounts in the blood produce the yellow appearance observed in jaundice


haematoidin: an orange-yellow pigment in the bile that forms as a product of hemoglobin; excess amounts in the blood produce the yellow appearance observed in jaundice


urobilin: brown bile pigment formed from urobilinogens and found in feces and in small amounts in urine


urobilinogen: a chromogen formed in the intestine from the breakdown of bilirubin; yields urobilins on oxidation; some is excreted in the feces and some is resorbed and excreted in bile or urine


stercobilinogen: a chromogen formed in the intestine from the breakdown of bilirubin; yields urobilins on oxidation; some is excreted in the feces and some is resorbed and excreted in bile or urine


luciferin: pigment occurring in luminescent organisms (as fireflies); emits heatless light when undergoing oxidation


melanin: insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers


dentine: a calcareous material harder and denser than bone that comprises the bulk of a tooth


dentin: a calcareous material harder and denser than bone that comprises the bulk of a tooth


ivory: a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses


tusk: a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses


fluff: any light downy material


bone: the porous calcified substance from which bones are made


osseous tissue: the porous calcified substance from which bones are made


horn: the material (mostly keratin) that covers the horns of ungulates and forms hooves and claws and nails


whalebone: a horny material from the upper jaws of certain whales; used as the ribs of fans or as stays in corsets


baleen: a horny material from the upper jaws of certain whales; used as the ribs of fans or as stays in corsets


tortoiseshell: the mottled horny substance of the shell of some turtles


shell: the material that forms the hard outer covering of many animals


mother-of-pearl: the iridescent internal layer of a mollusk shell


nacre: the iridescent internal layer of a mollusk shell


animal skin: the outer covering of an animal


parchment: skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on


sheepskin: skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on


lambskin: skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on


vellum: fine parchment prepared from the skin of a young animal e.g. a calf or lamb


hide: the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal)


fell: the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal)


cowhide: the hide of a cow


goatskin: the hide of a goat


rawhide: untanned hide especially of cattle; cut in strips it is used for whips and ropes


leather: an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning


grain: the side of leather from which the hair has been removed


alligator: leather made from alligator's hide


buckskin: a soft yellowish suede leather originally from deerskin but now usually from sheepskin


buff: a soft thick undyed leather from the skins of e.g. buffalo or oxen


ooze leather: a very soft leather made from the skins of calves and having a suede finish on the flesh side


Russia leather: a smooth leather tanned with willow, birch, or oak, and scented on the flesh side with birch oil


caffeine: a bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects


caffein: a bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects


calf: fine leather from the skin of a calf


calfskin: fine leather from the skin of a calf


white leather: a leather that has been treated with alum and/or salt


whit leather: a leather that has been treated with alum and/or salt


cassava: a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics


cassava starch: a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics


manioc: a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics


manioca: a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics


chamois: a soft suede leather formerly from the skin of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin


chamois leather: a soft suede leather formerly from the skin of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin


chammy: a soft suede leather formerly from the skin of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin


chammy leather: a soft suede leather formerly from the skin of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin


shammy: a soft suede leather formerly from the skin of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin


shammy leather: a soft suede leather formerly from the skin of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin


wash leather: piece of chamois used for cleaning and polishing


cordovan: a fine leather originally made in Cordoba, Spain


cowhide: leather made from the hide of a cow


cowskin: leather made from the hide of a cow


crushed leather: leather that has had its grain pattern accentuated


crush: leather that has had its grain pattern accentuated


deerskin: leather from the hide of a deer


doeskin: soft leather from deerskin or lambskin


glove leather: leather suitable for making gloves


horsehide: leather from the hide of a horse


kid: soft smooth leather from the hide of a young goat


kidskin: soft smooth leather from the hide of a young goat


mocha: soft suede glove leather from goatskin


morocco: a soft pebble-grained leather made from goatskin; used for shoes and book bindings etc.


Levant: a heavy morocco often used in bookbinding


Levant morocco: a heavy morocco often used in bookbinding


patent leather: leather with a hard glossy surface


pigskin: leather from the skin of swine


sheepskin: tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing


fleece: tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing


Golden Fleece: in Greek mythology, a fleece of gold owned by the king of Colchis and guarded in a sacred grove by a dragon; recovered by Jason and the Argonauts


shoe leather: leather used to make shoes


suede: leather with a napped surface


suede leather: leather with a napped surface


fur: the dressed hairy coat of a mammal


pelt: the dressed hairy coat of a mammal


astrakhan: the fur of young lambs


bearskin: the pelt of a bear (sometimes used as a rug)


beaver: the soft brown fur of the beaver


beaver fur: the soft brown fur of the beaver


chinchilla: the expensive silvery grey fur of the chinchilla


ermine: the expensive white fur of the ermine


fox: the grey or reddish-brown fur of a fox


lambskin: the skin of a lamb with the wool still on


broadtail: the fur of a very young karakul lamb


Persian lamb: the fur of a karakul lamb


lapin: the fur of a rabbit


rabbit: the fur of a rabbit


leopard: the pelt of a leopard


mink: the expensive fur of a mink


muskrat: the brown fur of a muskrat


muskrat fur: the brown fur of a muskrat


hudson seal: muskrat fur dressed to simulate sealskin


otter: the fur of an otter


raccoon: the fur of the North American racoon


sable: the expensive dark brown fur of the marten


seal: the pelt or fur (especially the underfur) of a seal


sealskin: the pelt or fur (especially the underfur) of a seal


squirrel: the fur of a squirrel


anime: any of various resins or oleoresins


gum anime: any of various resins or oleoresins


antifreeze: a liquid added to the water in a cooling system to lower its freezing point


nitric acid: acid used especially in the production of fertilizers and explosives and rocket fuels


aqua fortis: acid used especially in the production of fertilizers and explosives and rocket fuels


nitrous acid: an unstable inorganic acid known only in solution and as nitrite salts


nitrogen oxide: any of several oxides of nitrogen formed by the action of nitric acid on oxidizable materials; present in car exhausts


nitrogen dioxide: a highly poisonous brown gas (NO2)


nitric oxide: a poisonous red-brown gas (NO)


anhydride: a compound formed from one or more other compounds in a reaction resulting in removal of water


aqua regia: a yellow fuming corrosive mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid that dissolves metals (including gold)


nitrohydrochloric acid: a yellow fuming corrosive mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid that dissolves metals (including gold)


aquamarine: a transparent variety of beryl that is blue green in color


arginine: a bitter tasting amino acid found in proteins and necessary for nutrition; its absence from the diet leads to a reduced production of spermatozoa


aromatic hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon that contains one or more benzene rings that are characteristic of the benzene series of organic compounds


arsenic: a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer


arsenic trioxide: a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer


arsenous anhydride: a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer


arsenous oxide: a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer


white arsenic: a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer


ratsbane: a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer


artificial blood: a liquid that can carry large amounts of oxygen and can serve as a temporary substitute for blood


acetic anhydride: a compound that is needed in order to refine opium into heroin


phthalic anhydride: a white cyclic anhydride


art paper: a high-quality paper (usually having a filler of china clay)


asafetida: the brownish gum resin of various plants; has strong taste and odor; formerly used as an antispasmodic


asafoetida: the brownish gum resin of various plants; has strong taste and odor; formerly used as an antispasmodic


ash: the residue that remains when something is burned


fly ash: fine solid particles of ash that are carried into the air when fuel is combusted


asphalt: mixed asphalt and crushed gravel or sand; used especially for paving but also for roofing


mineral wool: a light fibrous material used as an insulator


rock wool: a light fibrous material used as an insulator


austenite: a solid solution of ferric carbide or carbon in iron; cools to form pearlite or martensite


austenitic steel: steel that has enough nickel and chromium or manganese to retain austenite at atmospheric temperatures


axle grease: a thick heavy grease used to lubricate axles


azide: a chemical compound containing the azido group combined with an element or radical


hydrazoite: a salt of hydrazoic acid


azo dye: any dye containing one or more azo groups


congo red: a red-brown azo dye especially as a chemical pH indicator (congo red is red in basic and blue in acidic solutions)


gentian violet: a green crystal (violet in water) used as a dye or stain or bactericide or fungicide or anthelmintic or burn treatment


crystal violet: a green crystal (violet in water) used as a dye or stain or bactericide or fungicide or anthelmintic or burn treatment


thiazine: a compound made up of a ring of four carbon atoms and one sulfur atom and one nitrogen atom


methylene blue: a dark green dye used as a stain, an antiseptic, a chemical indicator, and an antidote in cyanide poisoning


methylthionine chloride: a dark green dye used as a stain, an antiseptic, a chemical indicator, and an antidote in cyanide poisoning


methyl orange: an azo dye used as an acid-base indicator; used for titrations involving weak bases


phenothiazine: a compound used primarily in veterinary medicine to rid farm animals of internal parasites


thiodiphenylamine: a compound used primarily in veterinary medicine to rid farm animals of internal parasites


diazonium: the univalent cation R-N:N- (where R is an aromatic hydrocarbon); found in salts that are used in manufacturing azo dyes


Babbitt metal: an alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; a lining for bearings that reduces friction


babbitt: an alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; a lining for bearings that reduces friction


bactericide: any chemical agent that destroys bacteria


bacteriacide: any chemical agent that destroys bacteria


bagasse: the dry dusty pulp that remains after juice is extracted from sugar cane or similar plants


baking powder: any of various powdered mixtures used in baking as a substitute for yeast


banana oil: a liquid ester derived from amyl alcohol; has the odor of bananas


barbituric acid: a white crystalline acid derived from pyrimidine; used in preparing barbiturate drugs


malonylurea: a white crystalline acid derived from pyrimidine; used in preparing barbiturate drugs


barium sulphate: a white insoluble radiopaque powder used as a pigment


barium sulfate: a white insoluble radiopaque powder used as a pigment


blanc fixe: a white insoluble radiopaque powder used as a pigment


basalt: the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark grey fine-grained igneous rock that is composed chiefly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene


basic dye: a dye that is considered to be a base because the chromophore is part of a positive ion


basic color: a dye that is considered to be a base because the chromophore is part of a positive ion


basic colour: a dye that is considered to be a base because the chromophore is part of a positive ion


basic iron: pig iron containing a high percentage of phosphorus; used in making steel by a process that removes the phosphorus


basic slag: slag produced in making steel; low in silica but having large amounts of calcium phosphate; useful as fertilizer


bath water: water used for a bath


battery acid: dilute sulfuric acid used in storage batteries


electrolyte acid: dilute sulfuric acid used in storage batteries


bearing brass: a brass bushing or a lining for a bearing


beebread: a mixture of nectar and pollen prepared by worker bees and fed to larvae


ambrosia: a mixture of nectar and pollen prepared by worker bees and fed to larvae


royal jelly: a secretion of the pharyngeal glands of bees that is fed to very young larvae and to bees destined to be queens


beef tallow: tallow obtained from a bovine animal


beet sugar: sugar made from sugar beets


bell metal: bronze with 3 or 4 parts copper to 1 part tin; used in making bells


benzene: a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds


benzine: a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds


benzol: a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds


benzene formula: a closed chain of 6 carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached


benzene ring: a closed chain of 6 carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached


benzene nucleus: a closed chain of 6 carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached


Kekule formula: a closed chain of 6 carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached


benzoate: any salt or ester of benzoic acid


benzoate of soda: a white crystalline salt used as a food preservative and antiseptic


sodium benzoate: a white crystalline salt used as a food preservative and antiseptic


benzoic acid: a white crystalline solid occurring in many resins


benzoyl peroxide: a white crystalline peroxide used in bleaching (flour or oils or fats) and as a catalyst for free radical reactions


beryllium bronze: a copper-base alloy containing beryllium


bicarbonate: a salt of carbonic acid (containing the anion HCO3) in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced; an acid carbonate


hydrogen carbonate: a salt of carbonic acid (containing the anion HCO3) in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced; an acid carbonate


bicarbonate of soda: a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid


sodium hydrogen carbonate: a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid


sodium bicarbonate: a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid


baking soda: a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid


saleratus: a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid


bimetal: material made by bonding together sheets of two different metals


binder's board: a cardboard used by bookbinders to make covers for books


binder board: a cardboard used by bookbinders to make covers for books


bitter principle: any one of several hundred compounds having a bitter taste; not admitting of chemical classification


black opal: a dark colored opal with internal reflections of green or red


active agent: chemical agent capable of activity


active: chemical agent capable of activity


Alka-seltzer: a commercial antacid that contains aspirin; tablets dissolve in water to give an effervescent solution


Brioschi: an antacid


Bromo-seltzer: an antacid


lansoprazole: antacid (trade name Prevacid) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach


Prevacid: antacid (trade name Prevacid) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach


Maalox: an antacid


Mylanta: an antacid


omeprazole: antacid (trade name Prilosec) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach


Prilosec: antacid (trade name Prilosec) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach


Pepto-bismal: an antacid


Rolaids: an antacid


Tums: an antacid


antacid: an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity (especially in the stomach)


gastric antacid: an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity (especially in the stomach)


alkalizer: an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity (especially in the stomach)


alkaliser: an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity (especially in the stomach)


antiacid: an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity (especially in the stomach)


agent: a substance that exerts some force or effect


reagent: a chemical agent for use in chemical reactions


bacteriostat: a chemical or biological material that inhibits bacterial growth


bleaching agent: an agent that makes things white or colorless


bleach: an agent that makes things white or colorless


blanching agent: an agent that makes things white or colorless


whitener: an agent that makes things white or colorless


chemical agent: an agent that produces chemical reactions


desiccant: a substance that promotes drying (e.g., calcium oxide absorbs water and is used to remove moisture)


drying agent: a substance that promotes drying (e.g., calcium oxide absorbs water and is used to remove moisture)


drier: a substance that promotes drying (e.g., calcium oxide absorbs water and is used to remove moisture)


siccative: a substance that promotes drying (e.g., calcium oxide absorbs water and is used to remove moisture)


oxidant: a substance that oxidizes another substance


oxidizer: a substance that oxidizes another substance


oxidiser: a substance that oxidizes another substance


oxidizing agent: a substance that oxidizes another substance


reducing agent: a substance capable of bringing about the reduction of another substance as it itself is oxidized; used in photography to lessen the density of a negative or print by oxidizing some of the loose silver


reducer: a substance capable of bringing about the reduction of another substance as it itself is oxidized; used in photography to lessen the density of a negative or print by oxidizing some of the loose silver


reductant: a substance capable of bringing about the reduction of another substance as it itself is oxidized; used in photography to lessen the density of a negative or print by oxidizing some of the loose silver


bleaching clay: an adsorbent clay that will remove coloring from oils


bleaching earth: an adsorbent clay that will remove coloring from oils


mud pie: a mass of mud that a child has molded into the shape of pie


bleaching powder: a white powder comprised of calcium hydroxide and chloride and hypochlorite and used to bleach and/or disinfect


chlorinated lime: a white powder comprised of calcium hydroxide and chloride and hypochlorite and used to bleach and/or disinfect


chloride of lime: a white powder comprised of calcium hydroxide and chloride and hypochlorite and used to bleach and/or disinfect


bleach liquor: a solution containing bleaching agents that is used to bleach textiles or paper pulp


hydrogen peroxide: a viscous liquid with strong oxidizing properties; a powerful bleaching agent; also used (in aqueous solutions) as a mild disinfectant and (in strong concentrations) as an oxidant in rocket fuels


peroxide: a viscous liquid with strong oxidizing properties; a powerful bleaching agent; also used (in aqueous solutions) as a mild disinfectant and (in strong concentrations) as an oxidant in rocket fuels


blister copper: an impure form of copper having a black blistered surface


bloodstone: green chalcedony with red spots that resemble blood


heliotrope: green chalcedony with red spots that resemble blood


blotting paper: absorbent paper used to dry ink


blotter: absorbent paper used to dry ink


blow gas: the gas leaving a generator during a blow period


blowing gas: the gas leaving a generator during a blow period


blubber: an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil


blueprint paper: sensitized paper used to make blueprints


blue vitriol: hydrated blue crystalline form of copper sulfate


blue copperas: hydrated blue crystalline form of copper sulfate


blue stone: hydrated blue crystalline form of copper sulfate


chalcanthite: hydrated blue crystalline form of copper sulfate


bog soil: poorly drained soils on top of peat and under marsh or swamp vegetation


bond: a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents


bond paper: a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents


bone ash: ash left when bones burn; high in calcium phosphate; used as fertilizer and in bone china


bonemeal: fertilizer made of ground bones


neem cake: residue after oil is pressed from neem seeds


bone fat: fatty matter in bones extracted with solvents or by boiling or steaming; used chiefly in candles and cheap soaps and in lubricating greases


bone oil: dark-colored ill-smelling oil obtained by carbonizing bone; used especially in sheep dips and in denaturing alcohol


Dippel's oil: dark-colored ill-smelling oil obtained by carbonizing bone; used especially in sheep dips and in denaturing alcohol


bone oil: the liquid portion of bone fat; used as a lubricant and in leather manufacture


borate: a salt or ester of boric acid


boric acid: any of various acids containing boron and oxygen


boracic acid: any of various acids containing boron and oxygen


boric acid: a white or colorless slightly acid solid that is soluble in water and ethanol; used in the manufacture of glass and paper and adhesives and in detergents and as a flux in welding; also used as an antiseptic and food preservative


orthoboric acid: a white or colorless slightly acid solid that is soluble in water and ethanol; used in the manufacture of glass and paper and adhesives and in detergents and as a flux in welding; also used as an antiseptic and food preservative


boron trifluoride: a pungent colorless gas


borosilicate: a salt of boric and silicic acids


bouncing putty: a soft elastic silicone polymer that increases in elasticity with the application of force; used in the center of golf balls and as shock-absorbent padding


bowstring hemp: hemp obtained from the sansevieria


box calf: black calfskin leather tanned with chromium salts


brewer's yeast: yeast used in fermenting beer


bottom fermenting yeast: brewer's yeast used in bottom fermentation of lager


top fermenting yeast: brewer's yeast used in top fermentation of ale


bricks and mortar: building material consisting of bricks laid with mortar between them


brushwood: the wood from bushes or small branches


brimstone: an old name for sulfur


native sulfur: an old name for sulfur


native sulphur: an old name for sulfur


Britannia metal: an alloy similar to pewter


bromic acid: an unstable acid used as an oxidizing agent


bromide: any of the salts of hydrobromic acid; formerly used as a sedative but now generally replaced by safer drugs


brownstone: a reddish brown sandstone; used in buildings


buffer: (chemistry) an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH


buffer solution: a solution containing a buffer


starting buffer: buffer solution at the start of a reaction


phosphate buffer solution: a solution containing a phosphate buffer


PBS: a solution containing a phosphate buffer


building material: material used for constructing buildings


lagging: used to wrap around pipes or boilers or laid in attics to prevent loss of heat


butylene: any of three isomeric hydrocarbons C4H8; all used in making synthetic rubbers


butene: any of three isomeric hydrocarbons C4H8; all used in making synthetic rubbers


isobutylene: used also in making gasoline components


polybutylene: a polymer of butylene; used in lubricants and synthetic rubber


polybutene: a polymer of butylene; used in lubricants and synthetic rubber


animal fat: any fat obtained from animals


butterfat: the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made


cabinet wood: moderately dense wood used for cabinetwork


butanone: colorless soluble flammable liquid ketone used as a solvent for resins and as a paint remover and in lacquers and cements and adhesives and cleaning fluids and celluloid


methyl ethyl ketone: colorless soluble flammable liquid ketone used as a solvent for resins and as a paint remover and in lacquers and cements and adhesives and cleaning fluids and celluloid


butyl alcohol: a flammable alcohol derived from butanes and used for solvents


butanol: a flammable alcohol derived from butanes and used for solvents


butyric acid: an unpleasant smelling fatty acid found especially in butter


butanoic acid: an unpleasant smelling fatty acid found especially in butter


butyrin: any of three glycerides of butyric acid


tributyrin: a bitter oily triglyceride of butyric acid; a form of butyrin


cacodyl: the univalent group derived from arsine


cacodyl group: the univalent group derived from arsine


cacodyl radical: the univalent group derived from arsine


arsenic group: the univalent group derived from arsine


cacodyl: a poisonous oily liquid with a garlicky odor composed of 2 cacodyl groups; undergoes spontaneous combustion in dry air


tetramethyldiarsine: a poisonous oily liquid with a garlicky odor composed of 2 cacodyl groups; undergoes spontaneous combustion in dry air


calcium carbide: a grey salt of calcium (CaC) used in making acetylene


calcium-cyanamide: a compound used as a fertilizer and as a source of nitrogen compounds


cyanamide: a compound used as a fertilizer and as a source of nitrogen compounds


calcium hypochlorite: any hypochlorite of calcium; used as a bleaching agent


calcium lactate: a white crystalline salt made by the action of lactic acid on calcium carbonate; used in foods (as a baking powder) and given medically as a source of calcium


calcium nitrate: a deliquescent salt that is soluble in water; sometimes used as a source of nitrogen in fertilizers


calcium oxide: a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide


quicklime: a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide


lime: a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide


calx: a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide


calcined lime: a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide


fluxing lime: a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide


unslaked lime: a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide


burnt lime: a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide


calcium phosphate: a phosphate of calcium; a main constituent of animal bones


calcium stearate: an insoluble calcium salt of stearic acid and palmitic acid; it is formed when soap is mixed with water that contains calcium ions and is the scum produced in regions of hard water


calcium octadecanoate: an insoluble calcium salt of stearic acid and palmitic acid; it is formed when soap is mixed with water that contains calcium ions and is the scum produced in regions of hard water


carbonyl: a compound containing metal combined with carbon monoxide


carbonyl group: the bivalent radical CO


carboxyl: the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids


carboxyl group: the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids


camphor: a resin obtained from the camphor tree; used in making celluloid and liniment


camphor oil: oil distilled from camphor resin


candelilla wax: a hard brown wax that occurs as a coating on candelilla shrubs


cane sugar: sucrose obtained from sugar cane


cannabin: a resin obtained from the hemp plant; thought to be the active narcotic agent in marijuana


cannabis resin: a resin obtained from the hemp plant; thought to be the active narcotic agent in marijuana


cannel coal: a bituminous coal that burns with a luminous flame


capric acid: a fatty acid found in animal oils and fats; has an unpleasant smell resembling goats


decanoic acid: a fatty acid found in animal oils and fats; has an unpleasant smell resembling goats


caproic acid: a fatty acid found in animal oils and fats or made synthetically; smells like goats


hexanoic acid: a fatty acid found in animal oils and fats or made synthetically; smells like goats


caprylic acid: a fatty acid having a rancid taste; found in butter and other fats and oils


carbamate: a salt (or ester) of carbamic acid


carbamic acid: an acid that is known only by virtue of its salts (as ammonium carbamate) or its esters (as urethane)


carbide: a binary compound of carbon with a more electropositive element


carbohydrate: an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain


saccharide: an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain


sugar: an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain


Carboloy: an alloy based on tungsten with cobalt or nickel as a binder; used in making metal-cutting tools


carbonado: an inferior dark diamond used in industry for drilling and polishing


black diamond: an inferior dark diamond used in industry for drilling and polishing


carbon black: a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink


lampblack: a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink


soot: a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink


smut: a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink


crock: a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink


carcinogen: any substance that produces cancer


cellulose: a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers


carboxymethyl cellulose: an acid derivative of cellulose


diethylaminoethyl cellulose: used for chromatography


DEAE cellulose: used for chromatography


pulp: a mixture of cellulose fibers


cartridge brass: an alloy of copper and zinc (containing about 30% zinc) that is wrought into cartridges or tubing


case-hardened steel: steel with a surface that is much harder than the interior metal


cellulose ester: any ester of cellulose with an acid


cellulose nitrate: a nitric acid ester; used in lacquers and explosives


nitrocellulose: a nitric acid ester; used in lacquers and explosives


guncotton: a nitric acid ester; used in lacquers and explosives


nitrocotton: a nitric acid ester; used in lacquers and explosives


collodion: a colorless syrupy solution of pyroxylin in ether and alcohol; used as a coating for wounds or photographic films


pyrocellulose: nitrocellulose containing less nitrogen than guncotton; used in making smokeless powder


pyroxylin: highly flammable nitrocellulose used in making collodion and plastics and lacquers


pyroxyline: highly flammable nitrocellulose used in making collodion and plastics and lacquers


glycogen: one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body


animal starch: one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body


inulin: used to manufacture fructose and in assessing kidney function


carbolic acid: a toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally


phenol: a toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally


hydroxybenzene: a toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally


oxybenzene: a toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally


phenylic acid: a toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally


activated carbon: powdered or granular carbon used for purifying by adsorption; given orally (as a slurry) it is an antidote for some kinds of poisons


activated charcoal: powdered or granular carbon used for purifying by adsorption; given orally (as a slurry) it is an antidote for some kinds of poisons


graphite: used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors


black lead: used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors


plumbago: used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors


pencil: graphite (or a similar substance) used in such a way as to be a medium of communication


carbon dioxide: a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis


CO2: a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis


carbonic acid gas: a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis


chokedamp: the atmosphere in a mine following an explosion; high in carbon dioxide and incapable of supporting life


blackdamp: the atmosphere in a mine following an explosion; high in carbon dioxide and incapable of supporting life


carbon disulfide: a toxic colorless flammable liquid (CS2); used in the manufacture of rayon and cellophane and carbon tetrachloride and as a solvent for rubber


carbon monoxide: an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon


carbon monoxide gas: an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon


CO: an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon


carbon paper: a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper


carbon: a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper


carbon tetrachloride: a colorless nonflammable liquid used as a solvent for fats and oils; because of its toxicity its use as a cleaning fluid or fire extinguisher has declined


carbon tet: a colorless nonflammable liquid used as a solvent for fats and oils; because of its toxicity its use as a cleaning fluid or fire extinguisher has declined


tetrachloromethane: a colorless nonflammable liquid used as a solvent for fats and oils; because of its toxicity its use as a cleaning fluid or fire extinguisher has declined


perchloromethane: a colorless nonflammable liquid used as a solvent for fats and oils; because of its toxicity its use as a cleaning fluid or fire extinguisher has declined


carbon tetrahalide: compounds composed of 1 carbon and 4 halogen molecules


carbonate: a salt or ester of carbonic acid (containing the anion CO3)


fulminate: a salt or ester of fulminic acid


mercury fulminate: a fulminate that when dry explodes violently if struck or heated; used in detonators and blasting caps and percussion caps


fulminate of mercury: a fulminate that when dry explodes violently if struck or heated; used in detonators and blasting caps and percussion caps


fulminating mercury: a fulminate that when dry explodes violently if struck or heated; used in detonators and blasting caps and percussion caps


carbonic acid: a weak acid known only in solution; formed when carbon dioxide combines with water


abrasive: a substance that abrades or wears down


abradant: a substance that abrades or wears down


abrasive material: a substance that abrades or wears down


carborundum: an abrasive composed of silicon carbide crystals


cardboard: a stiff moderately thick paper


composition board: a stiff moderately thick paper


cartridge paper: paper for making cartridge cases


cartridge paper: thick white paper for pencil and ink drawings


card: thin cardboard, usually rectangular


cocarboxylase: a coenzyme important in respiration in the Krebs cycle


thiamine pyrophosphate: a coenzyme important in respiration in the Krebs cycle


coenzyme: a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes


coenzyme A: a coenzyme present in all living cells; essential to metabolism of carbohydrates and fats and some amino acids


cofactor: a substance (as a coenzyme) that must join with another to produce a given result


congener: a minor chemical constituent that gives a wine or liquor its distinctive character


corrugated board: cardboard with corrugations (can be glued to flat cardboard on one or both sides)


corrugated cardboard: cardboard with corrugations (can be glued to flat cardboard on one or both sides)


paperboard: a cardboard suitable for making posters


poster board: a cardboard suitable for making posters


posterboard: a cardboard suitable for making posters


pasteboard: stiff cardboard made by pasting together layers of paper


millboard: stout pasteboard used to bind books


strawboard: a coarse yellow cardboard made of straw pulp


carnelian: a translucent red or orange variety of chalcedony


cornelian: a translucent red or orange variety of chalcedony


carrageenin: a colloidal extract from carrageen seaweed and other red algae


carrageenan: a colloidal extract from carrageen seaweed and other red algae


ingot iron: iron of high purity


cast iron: an alloy of iron containing so much carbon that it is brittle and so cannot be wrought but must be shaped by casting


pot metal: cast iron used for making cooking wares


wrought iron: iron having a low carbon content that is tough and malleable and so can be forged and welded


steel: an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range


stainless steel: steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion


stainless: steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion


chromium steel: steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion


carbon steel: steel whose characteristics are determined by the amount of carbon it contains


crucible steel: steel made by the mixture of molten wrought iron, charcoal, and other substances in a crucible


Damascus steel: a hard resilient steel often decorated and used for sword blades


Damask steel: a hard resilient steel often decorated and used for sword blades


steel wool: a mass of woven steel fibers used as an abrasive


wire wool: a mass of woven steel fibers used as an abrasive


cationic detergent: a class of synthetic detergents in which the surface-active part of the molecule is the cation


invert soap: a class of synthetic detergents in which the surface-active part of the molecule is the cation


cat's eye: any of various gems (as chrysoberyl or chalcedony) that reflect light when cut in a rounded shape


cellulosic: a plastic made from cellulose (or a derivative of cellulose)


cement: a building material that is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limestone and clay; used with water and sand or gravel to make concrete and mortar


cement: concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement


cement: any of various materials used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth


reinforced concrete: concrete with metal and/or mesh added to provide extra support against stresses


ferroconcrete: concrete with metal and/or mesh added to provide extra support against stresses


hydraulic cement: a cement that hardens under water; made by heating limestone and clay in a kiln and pulverizing the result


Portland cement: a cement that hardens under water; made by heating limestone and clay in a kiln and pulverizing the result


cementite: a chemical compound that is a constituent of steel and cast iron; very hard and brittle


iron carbide: a chemical compound that is a constituent of steel and cast iron; very hard and brittle


ceresin: a white wax extracted from ozokerite


cerulean blue: light greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of oxides of cobalt and tin


cetrimide: a cationic detergent that is a powerful disinfectant


chad: a small piece of paper that is supposed to be removed when a hole is punched in a card or paper tape


chaff: material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds


husk: material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds


shuck: material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds


stalk: material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds


straw: material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds


stubble: material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds


bran: broken husks of the seeds of cereal grains that are separated from the flour by sifting


chalcedony: a milky or greyish translucent to transparent quartz


calcedony: a milky or greyish translucent to transparent quartz


chalk: a soft whitish calcite


chamosite: a greenish grey or black silicate of iron and aluminum


chemical: material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules


chemical substance: material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules


neurochemical: any organic substance that occurs in neural activity


neurotransmitter: a neurochemical that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse


monoamine neurotransmitter: a monoamine that is functionally important in neural transmission


catecholamine: any of a group of chemicals including epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland


chromophore: the chemical group that gives color to a molecule


serotonin: a neurotransmitter involved in e.g. sleep and depression and memory


5-hydroxytryptamine: a neurotransmitter involved in e.g. sleep and depression and memory


acetylcholine: a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline; released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems


acyl anhydrides: organic compounds that react with water to form an acid


acid anhydrides: organic compounds that react with water to form an acid


acyl halide: organic compounds containing the group -COX where X is a halogen atom


acid halide: organic compounds containing the group -COX where X is a halogen atom


acetyl chloride: colorless liquid acyl chloride (CH3COCl) that has a pungent odor


ethanoyl chloride: colorless liquid acyl chloride (CH3COCl) that has a pungent odor


endorphin: a neurochemical occurring naturally in the brain and having analgesic properties


beta endorphin: an endorphin produced by the pituitary gland that suppresses pain


enkephalin: an endorphin having opiate qualities that occurs in the brain and spinal cord and elsewhere


cheoplastic metal: any alloy that fuses at low temperatures and can be used molding artificial teeth


chernozemic soil: a rich black loam of Russia


chisel steel: steel used in making chisels


chlorine dioxide: an explosive gas (ClO2) used chiefly in bleaching paper or starch or soap or flour and in water purification


chlorine water: an aqueous solution of chlorine used as a bleaching agent


chloropicrin: a heavy colorless insoluble liquid compound that causes tears and vomiting; used as a pesticide and as tear gas


nitrochloroform: a heavy colorless insoluble liquid compound that causes tears and vomiting; used as a pesticide and as tear gas


nitrochloromethane: gaseous form of chloropicrin used as tear gas


chlorpyrifos: a common organophosphate insecticide


choline: a B-complex vitamin that is a constituent of lecithin; essential in the metabolism of fat


chrome: another word for chromium when it is used in dyes or pigments


chrome-nickel steel: Elinvar is a trademark for a kind of steel used for watch springs because its elasticity is constant over a wide range of temperatures


Elinvar: Elinvar is a trademark for a kind of steel used for watch springs because its elasticity is constant over a wide range of temperatures


chrome-tungsten steel: a steel alloy made with chromium and tungsten


chrome green: any of a class of green pigments consisting of chrome yellow and iron blue


Windsor green: a light chrome green pigment


Hooker's green: green pigment consisting of Prussian blue mixed with gamboge


chrome yellow: any of several yellow pigments consisting of normal lead chromate and other lead compounds


chromic acid: an unstable acid known only in solution and as chromate salts


chromate: any salt or ester of chromic acid


lead chromate: a poisonous chromate of lead used as a pigment in paint


chrysolite: a brown or yellow-green olivine found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a gemstone


chrysoprase: a green variety of chalcedony valued as a gemstone


chylomicron: a microscopic particle of triglycerides produced in the intestines during digestion; in the bloodstream they release their fatty acids into the blood


cigarette paper: a strong tissue paper that burns evenly and is sufficiently porous to control the burning of the tobacco in a cigarette


rolling paper: a strong tissue paper that burns evenly and is sufficiently porous to control the burning of the tobacco in a cigarette


cinder pig: pig iron containing a substantial proportion of slag


citric acid: a weak water-soluble acid found in many fruits (especially citrus fruits); used as a flavoring agent


citrine: semiprecious yellow quartz resembling topaz


clay: a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired


pipeclay: fine white clay used in making tobacco pipes and pottery and in whitening leather


terra alba: fine white clay used in making tobacco pipes and pottery and in whitening leather


bentonite: an absorbent aluminum silicate clay formed from volcanic ash


fireclay: a heat-resistant clay


Kitty Litter: granulated clay; placed in a container where it absorbs the waste products of a cat or dog


potter's clay: clay that does not contain any iron; used in making pottery or for modeling


potter's earth: clay that does not contain any iron; used in making pottery or for modeling


slip: potter's clay that is thinned and used for coating or decorating ceramics


claystone: fine-grained rock consisting of compacted clay particles


clunch: hardened clay


coal: fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period


anthracite: a hard natural coal that burns slowly and gives intense heat


anthracite coal: a hard natural coal that burns slowly and gives intense heat


hard coal: a hard natural coal that burns slowly and gives intense heat


bituminous coal: rich in tarry hydrocarbons; burns readily with a smoky yellow flame


soft coal: rich in tarry hydrocarbons; burns readily with a smoky yellow flame


lignite: intermediate between peat and bituminous coal


brown coal: intermediate between peat and bituminous coal


wood coal: intermediate between peat and bituminous coal


sea coal: pulverized bituminous coal; used as a foundry facing


steam coal: coal suitable for use under steam boilers


Clorox: a commercial bleaching agent


coagulant: an agent that produces coagulation


coagulator: an agent that produces coagulation


cod-liver oil: an oil obtained from the livers of cod and similar fishes; taken orally as a source of vitamins A and D


cod liver oil: an oil obtained from the livers of cod and similar fishes; taken orally as a source of vitamins A and D


cod oil: an inferior cod-liver oil that is used in leather manufacturing


lanolin: a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics


wool fat: a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics


wool grease: a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics


codon: a specific sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA or RNA that specifies the genetic code information for synthesizing a particular amino acid


coin silver: a silver of the degree of purity established for making legal silver coins


combustible: a substance that can be burned to provide heat or power


combustible material: a substance that can be burned to provide heat or power


complementary DNA: single-stranded DNA that is complementary to messenger RNA or DNA that has been synthesized from messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase


cDNA: single-stranded DNA that is complementary to messenger RNA or DNA that has been synthesized from messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase


provirus: cDNA copy of the RNA genome of a retrovirus; the genetic material of a virus as incorporated into and able to replicate with the genome of a host cell


dscDNA: double-stranded cDNA


episome: DNA that is not incorporated into the genome but is replicated together with the genome (especially in bacterial cells)


complex: a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated


coordination compound: a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated


composite material: strong lightweight material developed in the laboratory; fibers of more than one kind are bonded together chemically


hydrochloride: a complex consisting of an organic base in association with hydrogen chloride


compost: a mixture of decaying vegetation and manure; used as a fertilizer


compound: (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight


chemical compound: (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight


allomorph: any of several different crystalline forms of the same chemical compound


computer paper: paper folded to permit continuous printing controlled by a computer


concrete: a strong hard building material composed of sand and gravel and cement and water


conjugate solution: a mixture of two partially miscible liquids A and B produces two conjugate solutions: one of A in B and another of B in A


conjugate: a mixture of two partially miscible liquids A and B produces two conjugate solutions: one of A in B and another of B in A


conima: a gum resin from the poison hemlock, Conium maculatum


constantan: an alloy of copper and nickel with high electrical resistance and a low temperature coefficient; used as resistance wire


Eureka: an alloy of copper and nickel with high electrical resistance and a low temperature coefficient; used as resistance wire


construction paper: paper suitable for drawing and making cutouts


conductor: a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat


semiconductor: a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities


semiconducting material: a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities


insulator: a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity


dielectric: a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity


nonconductor: a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity


glass wool: glass fibers spun and massed into bundles resembling wool


contaminant: a substance that contaminates


contamination: a substance that contaminates


coolant: a fluid agent (gas or liquid) that produces cooling; especially one used to cool a system by transferring heat away from one part to another


copper-base alloy: any alloy whose principal component is copper


copper oxide: an oxide of copper


copper sulfate: a copper salt made by the action of sulfuric acid on copper oxide


copper sulphate: a copper salt made by the action of sulfuric acid on copper oxide


cupric sulfate: a copper salt made by the action of sulfuric acid on copper oxide


cupric sulphate: a copper salt made by the action of sulfuric acid on copper oxide


coral: the hard stony skeleton of a Mediterranean coral that has a delicate red or pink color and is used for jewelry


red coral: the hard stony skeleton of a Mediterranean coral that has a delicate red or pink color and is used for jewelry


precious coral: the hard stony skeleton of a Mediterranean coral that has a delicate red or pink color and is used for jewelry


cork: outer bark of the cork oak; used for stoppers for bottles etc.


corkboard: a heat-insulating building material consisting of cork granules that are made into sheets by compressing and baking


phellem: (botany) outer tissue of bark; a protective layer of dead cells


cork: (botany) outer tissue of bark; a protective layer of dead cells


corn sugar: dextrose made by hydrolysis of cornstarch


corrosive: a substance having the tendency to cause corrosion (such a strong acids or alkali)


alumina: any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum


aluminum oxide: any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum


aluminium oxide: any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum


aluminate: a compound of alumina and a metallic oxide


aluminum hydroxide: white crystalline compound that occurs naturally as the mineral gibbsite


aluminium hydroxide: white crystalline compound that occurs naturally as the mineral gibbsite


hydrated aluminum oxide: white crystalline compound that occurs naturally as the mineral gibbsite


hydrated aluminium oxide: white crystalline compound that occurs naturally as the mineral gibbsite


alundum: a substance made of fused alumina


cottonseed cake: the solid matter remaining after oil has been pressed from cottonseeds


cotton cake: the solid matter remaining after oil has been pressed from cottonseeds


coumarone-indene resin: a thermoplastic resin obtained by polymerization of indene and coumarone; used in coatings and paint and asphalt tile


coumarone resin: a thermoplastic resin obtained by polymerization of indene and coumarone; used in coatings and paint and asphalt tile


indene: a colorless liquid hydrocarbon extracted from petroleum or coal tar and used in making synthetic resins


covering material: a material used by builders to cover surfaces


creatine: an amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates both in the free form and as phosphocreatine; supplies energy for muscle contraction


creatin: an amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates both in the free form and as phosphocreatine; supplies energy for muscle contraction


creosol: a colorless to yellow aromatic liquid that is a constituent of creosote


creosote: a dark oily liquid obtained by distillation of coal tar; used as a preservative for wood


coal-tar creosote: a dark oily liquid obtained by distillation of coal tar; used as a preservative for wood


creosote: a colorless or yellowish oily liquid obtained by distillation of wood tar; used as an antiseptic


cresol: any of three poisonous colorless isomeric phenols; derived from coal or wood tar; used as a disinfectant


methyl phenol: any of three poisonous colorless isomeric phenols; derived from coal or wood tar; used as a disinfectant


crepe: paper with a crinkled texture; usually colored and used for decorations


crepe paper: paper with a crinkled texture; usually colored and used for decorations


cryogen: a liquid that boils at below -160 C and is used as a refrigerant


cyanamide: a weak soluble dibasic acid (the parent acid of cyanamide salts)


cyanamid: a weak soluble dibasic acid (the parent acid of cyanamide salts)


cyanic acid: a colorless poisonous volatile liquid acid that hydrolyzes readily to ammonia and carbon dioxide


cyanide: an extremely poisonous salt of hydrocyanic acid


sodium cyanide: a white poisonous salt (NaCN) used in electroplating


cyanogen: a colorless toxic gas with a pungent almond odor; has been used in chemical warfare


cyano group: the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound


cyano radical: the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound


cyanide group: the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound


cyanide radical: the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound


nitrile: any of a class of organic compounds containing the cyano radical -CN


nitril: any of a class of organic compounds containing the cyano radical -CN


cyanide: any of a class of organic compounds containing the cyano radical -CN


cyanohydrin: any organic compound in which the cyano radical -CN and the hydroxyl radical -OH are attached to the same carbon atom


cyanuric acid: a trimer of cyanic acid


cyclohexanol: a colorless oily alcohol that smells like camphor


cyclohexanol phthalate: the cyclohexanol ester of phthalic acid


cymene: any of three isotopes of a colorless aromatic liquid hydrocarbon occurring in the volatile oil of cumin and thyme and used in the manufacture of synthetic resins


cytokine: any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system


cytolysin: a substance that partly or completely destroys animal cells


cytosine: a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with guanine


C: a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with guanine


daub: material used to daub walls


decarboxylase: any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group


defoliant: a chemical that is sprayed on plants and causes their leaves to fall off


de-iodinase: an enzyme that removes the iodine radical


demantoid: a green andradite used as a gemstone


andradite: a garnet consisting of calcium iron silicate and having any color ranging from yellow and green to brown and black; used as gemstone


demerara: a light brown raw cane sugar from Guyana


deoxyadenosine monophosphate: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


A: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


deoxycytidine monophosphate: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


C: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


deoxyguanosine monophosphate: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


G: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


deoxythymidine monophosphate: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


T: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


deoxyribonucleic acid: (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information


desoxyribonucleic acid: (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information


DNA: (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information


exon: sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures


coding DNA: sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures


intron: sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein


noncoding DNA: sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein


junk DNA: stretches of DNA that do not code for genes


recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid: genetically engineered DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different organisms


recombinant DNA: genetically engineered DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different organisms


sticky end: an end of DNA in which one strand of the double helix extends a few units beyond the other


transposon: a segment of DNA that can become integrated at many different sites along a chromosome (especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole)


jumping gene: a segment of DNA that can become integrated at many different sites along a chromosome (especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole)


ribonuclease: a transferase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid


ribonucleinase: a transferase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid


RNase: a transferase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid


ribonucleic acid: (biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell


RNA: (biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell


messenger RNA: the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell


mRNA: the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell


template RNA: the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell


informational RNA: the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell


nuclear RNA: ribonucleic acid found in the nucleolus of the cell


nRNA: ribonucleic acid found in the nucleolus of the cell


transfer RNA: RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)


tRNA: RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)