carbon nanotube: a fullerene molecule having a cylindrical or toroidal shape


nanotube: a fullerene molecule having a cylindrical or toroidal shape


benzyl: the univalent radical derived from toluene


benzyl group: the univalent radical derived from toluene


benzyl radical: the univalent radical derived from toluene


benzoyl group: the univalent radical derived from benzoic acid


benzoyl radical: the univalent radical derived from benzoic acid


chemical element: any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter


element: any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter


allotrope: a structurally different form of an element


transuranic element: any element having an atomic number greater than 92 (which is the atomic number of uranium); all are radioactive


noble gas: any of the chemically inert gaseous elements of the helium group in the periodic table


inert gas: any of the chemically inert gaseous elements of the helium group in the periodic table


argonon: any of the chemically inert gaseous elements of the helium group in the periodic table


helium group: the series of inert gases


rare earth: any element of the lanthanide series (atomic numbers 57 through 71)


rare-earth element: any element of the lanthanide series (atomic numbers 57 through 71)


lanthanoid: any element of the lanthanide series (atomic numbers 57 through 71)


lanthanide: any element of the lanthanide series (atomic numbers 57 through 71)


lanthanon: any element of the lanthanide series (atomic numbers 57 through 71)


terbium metal: a separate group of related lanthanides, including terbium, europium, gadolinium, and sometimes dysprosium


actinide series: (chemistry) a series of 15 radioactive elements with increasing atomic numbers from actinium to lawrencium


lanthanide series: the rare-earth elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71; having properties similar to lanthanum


metallic element: any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.


metal: any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.


noble metal: any metal that is resistant to corrosion or oxidation


nonmetal: a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties


transactinide: any of the artificially produced elements with atomic numbers greater than 103


metallized dye: acid dye in which the negative ion contains a chelated metal atom


actinium: a radioactive element of the actinide series; found in uranium ores


Ac: a radioactive element of the actinide series; found in uranium ores


atomic number 89: a radioactive element of the actinide series; found in uranium ores


aluminum: a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite


aluminium: a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite


Al: a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite


atomic number 13: a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite


alum: a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the potassium double sulfate of aluminum


potassium alum: a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the potassium double sulfate of aluminum


potash alum: a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the potassium double sulfate of aluminum


alum: a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the ammonium double sulfate of aluminum


ammonia alum: a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the ammonium double sulfate of aluminum


ammonium alum: a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the ammonium double sulfate of aluminum


americium: a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms


Am: a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms


atomic number 95: a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms


antimony: a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite


Sb: a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite


atomic number 51: a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite


argon: a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere


Ar: a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere


atomic number 18: a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere


arsenic: a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar


As: a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar


atomic number 33: a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar


astatine: a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium


At: a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium


atomic number 85: a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium


atrazine: a synthetic compound derived from triazine that is widely used as an agricultural herbicide


barium: a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite


Ba: a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite


atomic number 56: a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite


baryta: any of several compounds of barium


barium hydroxide: white poisonous crystals; made by dissolving barium oxide in water


barium monoxide: an oxide of barium; a whitish toxic powder


barium oxide: an oxide of barium; a whitish toxic powder


barium protoxide: an oxide of barium; a whitish toxic powder


barium dioxide: a white toxic powder obtained by heating barium oxide in air


barium peroxide: a white toxic powder obtained by heating barium oxide in air


base pair: one of the pairs of chemical bases joined by hydrogen bonds that connect the complementary strands of a DNA molecule or of an RNA molecule that has two strands; the base pairs are adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine in DNA and adenine with uracil and guanine with cytosine in RNA


berkelium: a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium


Bk: a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium


atomic number 97: a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium


beryllium: a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element


Be: a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element


glucinium: a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element


atomic number 4: a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element


bismuth: a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals


Bi: a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals


atomic number 83: a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals


bohrium: a transuranic element


Bh: a transuranic element


element 107: a transuranic element


atomic number 107: a transuranic element


boron: a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder


B: a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder


atomic number 5: a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder


bromine: a nonmetallic heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water


Br: a nonmetallic heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water


atomic number 35: a nonmetallic heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water


cadmium: a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores


Cd: a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores


atomic number 48: a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores


calcium: a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals


Ca: a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals


atomic number 20: a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals


californium: a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles


Cf: a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles


atomic number 98: a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles


carbon: an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds


C: an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds


atomic number 6: an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds


carbon atom: an atom of carbon


radiocarbon: a radioactive isotope of carbon


carbon 14: a radioactive isotope of carbon


cerium: a ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group


Ce: a ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group


atomic number 58: a ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group


cesium: a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal


caesium: a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal


Cs: a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal


atomic number 55: a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal


cesium 137: a radioactive isotope of cesium used in radiation therapy


chlorine: a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)


Cl: a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)


atomic number 17: a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)


radiochlorine: a radioactive isotope of chlorine


chromium: a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing


Cr: a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing


atomic number 24: a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing


cobalt: a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition


Co: a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition


atomic number 27: a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition


cobalt 60: a radioactive isotope of cobalt with mass number 60; a source of exceptionally intense gamma rays; used in radiation therapy


copper: a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor


Cu: a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor


atomic number 29: a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor


curium: a radioactive transuranic metallic element; produced by bombarding plutonium with helium nuclei


Cm: a radioactive transuranic metallic element; produced by bombarding plutonium with helium nuclei


atomic number 96: a radioactive transuranic metallic element; produced by bombarding plutonium with helium nuclei


darmstadtium: a radioactive transuranic element


Ds: a radioactive transuranic element


element 110: a radioactive transuranic element


atomic number 110: a radioactive transuranic element


dubnium: a transuranic element


Db: a transuranic element


hahnium: a transuranic element


element 105: a transuranic element


atomic number 105: a transuranic element


dysprosium: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; forms compounds that are highly magnetic


Dy: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; forms compounds that are highly magnetic


atomic number 66: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; forms compounds that are highly magnetic


einsteinium: a radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons


Es: a radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons


E: a radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons


atomic number 99: a radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons


erbium: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium


Er: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium


atomic number 68: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium


europium: a bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group


Eu: a bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group


atomic number 63: a bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group


fermium: a radioactive transuranic metallic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons


Fm: a radioactive transuranic metallic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons


atomic number 100: a radioactive transuranic metallic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons


fluorine: a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite


F: a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite


atomic number 9: a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite


francium: a radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered as a disintegration product of actinium


Fr: a radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered as a disintegration product of actinium


atomic number 87: a radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered as a disintegration product of actinium


gadolinium: a ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group


Gd: a ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group


atomic number 64: a ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group


gallium: a rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores


Ga: a rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores


atomic number 31: a rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores


germanium: a brittle grey crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite


Ge: a brittle grey crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite


atomic number 32: a brittle grey crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite


gold: a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia


Au: a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia


atomic number 79: a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia


18-karat gold: an alloy that contains 75 per cent gold


22-karat gold: an alloy that contains 87 per cent gold


24-karat gold: 100 per cent gold


pure gold: 100 per cent gold


hafnium: a grey tetravalent metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals; used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons


Hf: a grey tetravalent metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals; used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons


atomic number 72: a grey tetravalent metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals; used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons


hassium: a radioactive transuranic element


Hs: a radioactive transuranic element


element 108: a radioactive transuranic element


atomic number 108: a radioactive transuranic element


helium: a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)


He: a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)


atomic number 2: a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)


holmium: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds


Ho: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds


atomic number 67: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds


hydrogen: a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe


H: a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe


atomic number 1: a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe


hydrogen atom: an atom of hydrogen


acidic hydrogen: a hydrogen atom in an acid that forms a positive ion when the acid dissociates


acid hydrogen: a hydrogen atom in an acid that forms a positive ion when the acid dissociates


deuterium: an isotope of hydrogen which has one neutron (as opposed to zero neutrons in hydrogen)


heavy hydrogen: an isotope of hydrogen which has one neutron (as opposed to zero neutrons in hydrogen)


indium: a rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite


In: a rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite


atomic number 49: a rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite


iodine: a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)


iodin: a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)


I: a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)


atomic number 53: a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)


iodine-131: heavy radioactive isotope of iodine with a half-life of 8 days; used in a sodium salt to diagnose thyroid disease and to treat goiter


iodine-125: light radioactive isotope of iodine with a half-life of 60 days; used as a tracer in thyroid studies and as a treatment for hyperthyroidism


iridium: a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium


Ir: a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium


atomic number 77: a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium


iron: a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood


Fe: a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood


atomic number 26: a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood


krypton: a colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; occurs in trace amounts in air


Kr: a colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; occurs in trace amounts in air


atomic number 36: a colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; occurs in trace amounts in air


lanthanum: a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth


La: a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth


atomic number 57: a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth


lawrencium: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized from californium


Lr: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized from californium


atomic number 103: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized from californium


lead: a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey


Pb: a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey


atomic number 82: a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey


lithium: a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals


Li: a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals


atomic number 3: a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals


lutetium: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium


lutecium: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium


Lu: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium


atomic number 71: a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium


magnesium: a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine)


Mg: a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine)


atomic number 12: a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine)


manganese: a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals


Mn: a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals


atomic number 25: a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals


meitnerium: a radioactive transuranic element


Mt: a radioactive transuranic element


element 109: a radioactive transuranic element


atomic number 109: a radioactive transuranic element


mendelevium: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol)


Md: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol)


Mv: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol)


atomic number 101: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol)


mercury: a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures


quicksilver: a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures


hydrargyrum: a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures


Hg: a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures


atomic number 80: a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures


molybdenum: a polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel


Mo: a polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel


atomic number 42: a polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel


neodymium: a yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium


Nd: a yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium


atomic number 60: a yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium


neon: a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts


Ne: a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts


atomic number 10: a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts


neptunium: a radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium


Np: a radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium


atomic number 93: a radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium


nickel: a hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite


Ni: a hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite


atomic number 28: a hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite


niobium: a soft grey ductile metallic element used in alloys; occurs in niobite; formerly called columbium


Nb: a soft grey ductile metallic element used in alloys; occurs in niobite; formerly called columbium


atomic number 41: a soft grey ductile metallic element used in alloys; occurs in niobite; formerly called columbium


columbium: a former name for niobium


nitrogen: a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues


N: a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues


atomic number 7: a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues


azote: an obsolete name for nitrogen


nobelium: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding curium with carbon ions; 7 isotopes are known


No: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding curium with carbon ions; 7 isotopes are known


atomic number 102: a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding curium with carbon ions; 7 isotopes are known


osmium: a hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known


Os: a hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known


atomic number 76: a hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known


oxygen: a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust


O: a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust


atomic number 8: a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust


liquid oxygen: a bluish translucent magnetic liquid obtained by compressing gaseous oxygen and then cooling it below its boiling point; used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants


LOX: a bluish translucent magnetic liquid obtained by compressing gaseous oxygen and then cooling it below its boiling point; used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants


palladium: a silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry


Pd: a silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry


atomic number 46: a silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry


phosphor: a synthetic substance that is fluorescent or phosphorescent; used to coat the screens of cathode ray tubes


phosphorus: a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms


P: a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms


atomic number 15: a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms


platinum: a heavy precious metallic element; grey-white and resistant to corroding; occurs in some nickel and copper ores and is also found native in some deposits


Pt: a heavy precious metallic element; grey-white and resistant to corroding; occurs in some nickel and copper ores and is also found native in some deposits


atomic number 78: a heavy precious metallic element; grey-white and resistant to corroding; occurs in some nickel and copper ores and is also found native in some deposits


plutonium: a solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239


Pu: a solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239


atomic number 94: a solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239


plutonium 239: a highly fissionable isotope of plutonium that is used in atomic weapons and as a reactor fuel; produced by irradiating uranium 238 with slow electrons


weapons plutonium: plutonium 239 that is recovered when nuclear weapons are disassembled; it is stored in plutonium pits


weapon-grade plutonium: plutonium 239 that is recovered when nuclear weapons are disassembled; it is stored in plutonium pits


polonium: a radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor


Po: a radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor


atomic number 84: a radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor


potassium: a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite


K: a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite


atomic number 19: a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite


praseodymium: a soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process


Pr: a soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process


atomic number 59: a soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process


promethium: a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium


Pm: a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium


atomic number 61: a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium


protactinium: a short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead


protoactinium: a short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead


Pa: a short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead


atomic number 91: a short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead


radium: an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores


Ra: an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores


atomic number 88: an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores


radon: a radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gasses; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health


Rn: a radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gasses; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health


atomic number 86: a radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gasses; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health


rhenium: a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum


Re: a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum


atomic number 75: a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum


rhodium: a white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum


Rh: a white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum


atomic number 45: a white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum


roentgenium: a radioactive transuranic element


Rg: a radioactive transuranic element


element 111: a radioactive transuranic element


atomic number 111: a radioactive transuranic element


rubidium: a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite


Rb: a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite


atomic number 37: a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite


ruthenium: a rare polyvalent metallic element of the platinum group; it is found associated with platinum


Ru: a rare polyvalent metallic element of the platinum group; it is found associated with platinum


atomic number 44: a rare polyvalent metallic element of the platinum group; it is found associated with platinum


rutherfordium: a radioactive transuranic element which has been synthesized


Rf: a radioactive transuranic element which has been synthesized


unnilquadium: a radioactive transuranic element which has been synthesized


Unq: a radioactive transuranic element which has been synthesized


element 104: a radioactive transuranic element which has been synthesized


atomic number 104: a radioactive transuranic element which has been synthesized


samarium: a grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite


Sm: a grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite


atomic number 62: a grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite


scandium: a white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite


Sc: a white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite


atomic number 21: a white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite


seaborgium: a transuranic element


Sg: a transuranic element


element 106: a transuranic element


atomic number 106: a transuranic element


selenium: a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite)


Se: a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite)


atomic number 34: a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite)


silicon: a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors


Si: a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors


atomic number 14: a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors


silver: a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography


Ag: a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography


atomic number 47: a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography


sodium: a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)


Na: a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)


atomic number 11: a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)


strontium: a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite


Sr: a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite


atomic number 38: a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite


strontium 90: a radioactive isotope of strontium (with the mass number 90) that is present in the fallout from nuclear explosions; can be assimilated like calcium into bones


sulfur: an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)


S: an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)


sulphur: an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)


atomic number 16: an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)


tantalum: a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite


Ta: a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite


atomic number 73: a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite


taurine: a colorless crystalline substance obtained from the bile of mammals


technetium: a crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium


Tc: a crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium


atomic number 43: a crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium


tellurium: a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold


Te: a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold


atomic number 52: a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold


terbium: a metallic element of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite


Tb: a metallic element of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite


atomic number 65: a metallic element of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite


thallium: a soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores


Tl: a soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores


atomic number 81: a soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores


thorium: a soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands


Th: a soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands


atomic number 90: a soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands


thorium-228: radioactive isotope of thorium with mass number 228


radiothorium: radioactive isotope of thorium with mass number 228


thulium: a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group; isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime


Tm: a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group; isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime


atomic number 69: a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group; isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime


tin: a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide


Sn: a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide


atomic number 50: a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide


titanium: a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite


Ti: a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite


atomic number 22: a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite


tungsten: a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite


wolfram: a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite


W: a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite


atomic number 74: a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite


ununbium: a radioactive transuranic element


Uub: a radioactive transuranic element


element 112: a radioactive transuranic element


atomic number 112: a radioactive transuranic element


ununhexium: a radioactive transuranic element


Uuh: a radioactive transuranic element


element 116: a radioactive transuranic element


atomic number 116: a radioactive transuranic element


ununpentium: a radioactive transuranic element


Uup: a radioactive transuranic element


element 115: a radioactive transuranic element


atomic number 115: a radioactive transuranic element


ununquadium: a radioactive transuranic element


Uuq: a radioactive transuranic element


element 114: a radioactive transuranic element


atomic number 114: a radioactive transuranic element


ununtrium: a radioactive transuranic element


Uut: a radioactive transuranic element


element 113: a radioactive transuranic element


atomic number 113: a radioactive transuranic element


uranium: a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons


U: a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons


atomic number 92: a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons


uranium 235: a uranium isotope with mass number 235; capable of sustaining chain reactions


uranium 238: the commonest isotope of uranium; it is not fissionable but when irradiated with neutrons it produces fissionable plutonium 239


vanadium: a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite


V: a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite


atomic number 23: a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite


xenon: a colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts


Xe: a colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts


atomic number 54: a colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts


ytterbium: a soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite and monazite and xenotime


Yb: a soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite and monazite and xenotime


atomic number 70: a soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite and monazite and xenotime


yttrium: a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys


Y: a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys


atomic number 39: a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys


zinc: a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende


Zn: a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende


atomic number 30: a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende


zirconium: a lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon


Zr: a lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon


atomic number 40: a lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon


mineral: solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition


ader wax: a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles


earth wax: a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles


mineral wax: a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles


ozokerite: a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles


ozocerite: a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles


alabaster: a compact fine-textured, usually white gypsum used for carving


alabaster: a hard compact kind of calcite


oriental alabaster: a hard compact kind of calcite


onyx marble: a hard compact kind of calcite


Mexican onyx: a hard compact kind of calcite


amblygonite: a white or grey mineral consisting of lithium aluminum phosphate; a source of lithium


amphibole: a mineral or mineral variety belonging to the amphibole group


amphibole group: a group of minerals with similar crystal structures containing a silicate chain and combinations of chiefly sodium and calcium and magnesium and iron and aluminum


amphibolite: a metamorphic rock composed chiefly of amphibole and plagioclase


apatite: a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus


aragonite: a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite


argentite: a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)


argillite: a sedimentary rock differing from shale in being bound by silica and from slate in having no slate cleavages


argyrodite: a rare steel-grey mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur


arsenopyrite: a silver-white or grey ore of arsenic


mispickel: a silver-white or grey ore of arsenic


asphalt: a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons


mineral pitch: a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons


augite: dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium


azurite: blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite


baddeleyite: a mineral consisting of zirconium oxide


bastnasite: a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements


bastnaesite: a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements


bauxite: a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst


beryl: the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems


biotite: dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock


bone black: black substance containing char in the form of carbonized bone; used as a black pigment


bone char: black substance containing char in the form of carbonized bone; used as a black pigment


animal black: black substance containing char in the form of carbonized bone; used as a black pigment


animal charcoal: black substance containing char in the form of carbonized bone; used as a black pigment


borax: an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent


bornite: a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits


peacock ore: a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits


carnallite: a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium


carnotite: a yellow radioactive mineral; an ore of uranium and radium and vanadium


caspase: any of a group of proteases that mediate apoptosis


cassiterite: a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin


celestite: a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate


cerussite: a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead


white lead ore: a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead


chalcocite: a heavy grey mineral that is an ore of copper


copper glance: a heavy grey mineral that is an ore of copper


chalcopyrite: a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide


copper pyrites: a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide


china clay: a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)


china stone: a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)


kaolin: a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)


kaoline: a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)


porcelain clay: a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)


terra alba: a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)


chlorite: a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal


chromite: a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium


chromogen: a compound that can be converted to a pigment


chrysoberyl: a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone


cinnabar: a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury


cobalt blue: greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of cobalt oxide and alumina


cobalt ultramarine: greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of cobalt oxide and alumina


cobaltite: a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt


sodium chloride: a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)


common salt: a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)


halite: naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride


rock salt: naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride


columbite-tantalite: a valuable black mineral combining niobite and tantalite; used in cell phones and computer chips


coltan: a valuable black mineral combining niobite and tantalite; used in cell phones and computer chips


cordierite: a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone


corundom: very hard mineral used as an abrasive


corundum: very hard mineral used as an abrasive


cristobalite: a white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks


crocolite: a rare lead chromite mineral that forms bright orange crystals


cryolite: a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine


Greenland spar: a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine


cuprite: a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper


cutin: (biochemistry) a waxy transparent material that occurs in the cuticle of plants and consists of highly polymerized esters of fatty acids


damourite: a variety of muscovite


dolomite: a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer


bitter spar: a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer


earth color: a colored mineral used as a pigment


emery: a hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)


emulsifier: a surface-active agent that promotes the formation of an emulsion


emulsion: (chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids


erythrite: a reddish mineral consisting of hydrated cobalt arsenate in monoclinic crystalline form and used in coloring glass; usually found in veins bearing cobalt and arsenic


cobalt bloom: a reddish mineral consisting of hydrated cobalt arsenate in monoclinic crystalline form and used in coloring glass; usually found in veins bearing cobalt and arsenic


fergusonite: a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals


fluorapatite: a form of apatite in which fluorine predominates over chlorine


fluorite: a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine


fluorspar: a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine


fluor: a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine


gadolinite: a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium


ytterbite: a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium


galena: soft blue-grey mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead


garnet: any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive


garnierite: a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel


almandite: a deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate


almandine: a deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate


germanite: a rare reddish-grey mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide


gesso: gypsum or plaster of Paris spread on a surface to make it suitable for painting or gilding (or a surface so prepared)


gibbsite: white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina


glauconite: a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand


goethite: a red or yellow or brown mineral; an oxide of iron that is a common constituent of rust


gothite: a red or yellow or brown mineral; an oxide of iron that is a common constituent of rust


greaves: the residue that remains after animal fat has been rendered


crackling: the residue that remains after animal fat has been rendered


greenockite: ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form


cadmium sulphide: ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form


gypsum: a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)


hausmannite: a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese


heavy spar: a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium


barite: a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium


barytes: a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium


barium sulphate: a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium


hemimorphite: a white mineral; a common ore of zinc


calamine: a white mineral; a common ore of zinc


ilmenite: a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium


jadeite: a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma


kainite: a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer


kaolinite: a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin


kernite: a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron


kieserite: a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines


kyanite: a grey or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory


cyanite: a grey or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory


lactate: a salt or ester of lactic acid


langbeinite: a mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer


lecithin: a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier


lepidolite: a mineral of the mica group; an important source of lithium


lepidomelane: a mica that is a biotite containing iron


magnesite: a white mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium


malachite: a green or blue mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects


maltha: a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt


mineral tar: a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt


manganese tetroxide: an oxide of manganese found naturally as hausmannite


manganite: a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese


marl: a loose and crumbling earthy deposit consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite; used as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime


meerschaum: a white clayey mineral


sepiolite: a white clayey mineral


mica: any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity


isinglass: any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity


millerite: a yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel


molecule: (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound


molybdenite: a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds


monazite: a reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium


monomer: a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers


muscovite: a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium


nepheline: a whitish mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate or potassium aluminum silicate in crystalline form; used in the manufacture of ceramics and enamels


nephelite: a whitish mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate or potassium aluminum silicate in crystalline form; used in the manufacture of ceramics and enamels


nephelinite: an igneous rock consisting of nepheline and pyroxene


nephrite: an amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders


niobite: a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum


columbite: a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum


nitrocalcite: the mineral form of calcium nitrate


olivine: a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium


olivenite: rare green to black mineral consisting of hydrated copper arsenate that is found in copper deposits


ozonide: any of a class of unstable chemical compounds resulting from the addition of ozone to a double bond in an unsaturated compound


perchlorate: a salt of perchloric acid


perchloric acid: a powerful oxidizing agent; forms perchlorates


proline: an amino acid that is found in many proteins (especially collagen)


biomass: plant materials and animal waste used as fuel


butane: occurs in natural gas; used in the manufacture of rubber and fuels


char: a charred substance


charcoal: a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air


wood coal: a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air


coal gas: gaseous mixture produced by distillation of bituminous coal and used for heating and lighting


town gas: coal gas manufactured for domestic and industrial use


coke: carbon fuel produced by distillation of coal


diesel oil: a heavy mineral oil used as fuel in diesel engines


diesel fuel: a heavy mineral oil used as fuel in diesel engines


derv: diesel oil used in cars and lorries with diesel engines; from d(iesel) e(ngine) r(oad) v(ehicle)


fire: fuel that is burning and is used as a means for cooking


fossil fuel: fuel consisting of the remains of organisms preserved in rocks in the earth's crust with high carbon and hydrogen content


fuel oil: a petroleum product used for fuel


heating oil: a petroleum product used for fuel


gasohol: a gasoline substitute consisting of 90% gasoline and 10% grain alcohol from corn


gasoline: a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines


gasolene: a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines


gas: a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines


petrol: a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines


leaded gasoline: gasoline treated with a lead compound to reduce motor knocks


leaded petrol: gasoline treated with a lead compound to reduce motor knocks


illuminant: something that can serve as a source of light


kerosene: a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters


kerosine: a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters


lamp oil: a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters


coal oil: a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters


methanol: a light volatile flammable poisonous liquid alcohol; used as an antifreeze and solvent and fuel and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol


methyl alcohol: a light volatile flammable poisonous liquid alcohol; used as an antifreeze and solvent and fuel and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol


wood alcohol: a light volatile flammable poisonous liquid alcohol; used as an antifreeze and solvent and fuel and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol


wood spirit: a light volatile flammable poisonous liquid alcohol; used as an antifreeze and solvent and fuel and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol


nuclear fuel: fuel (such as uranium) that can be used in nuclear reactors as a source of electricity


opal: a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones


ore: a mineral that contains metal that is valuable enough to be mined


oroide: alloy of copper and tin and zinc; used in imitation gold jewelry


oreide: alloy of copper and tin and zinc; used in imitation gold jewelry


orpiment: a yellow mineral occurring in conjunction with realgar; an ore of arsenic


osmiridium: a hard and corrosion resistant mineral that is a natural alloy of osmium and iridium (usually containing small amounts of rhodium and platinum); used in needles and pen nibs etc.


iridosmine: a hard and corrosion resistant mineral that is a natural alloy of osmium and iridium (usually containing small amounts of rhodium and platinum); used in needles and pen nibs etc.


paragonite: a colorless or pale brown mica with sodium


paraldehyde: a colorless liquid (a cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde) that is used as a sedative and a solvent


ethanal trimer: a colorless liquid (a cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde) that is used as a sedative and a solvent


peat: partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried


pentlandite: a mineral (iron and nickel sulphide) that is the chief ore of nickel


triose: any monosaccharide sugar containing three atoms of carbon per molecule


tetrose: any monosaccharide sugar containing four atoms of carbon per molecule


pentose: any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule


hexose: a monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms per molecule


pentoxide: an oxide containing five atoms of oxygen in the molecule


peptone: any of various water-soluble compounds that form by hydrolysis in the digestion of proteins to amino acids


periclase: a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium


magnesia: a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium


magnesium oxide: a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium


phlogopite: a brown form of mica consisting of hydrous silicate of potassium and magnesium and aluminum


pinite: grey or green or brown mineral similar to mica and containing aluminum and potassium sulphates


pollucite: a rare mineral that is an important source of cesium


quaternary ammonium compound: a compound derived from ammonium with hydrogen atoms replaced by organic groups; used as surface-active agents, disinfectants, and in drugs


proenzyme: any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active


zymogen: any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active


propane: colorless gas found in natural gas and petroleum; used as a fuel


propellant: any substance that propels


propellent: any substance that propels


rocket fuel: an explosive charge that propels a rocket


rocket propellant: an explosive charge that propels a rocket


rocket propellent: an explosive charge that propels a rocket


propylthiouracil: a crystalline compound used as an antithyroid drug in the treatment of goiter


psilomelane: a mineral consisting of hydrated basic oxide of manganese and barium; a source of manganese


pyridine: a toxic colorless flammable liquid organic base with a disagreeable odor; usually derived from coal


pyrite: a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color


iron pyrite: a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color


fool's gold: a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color


pyrites: any of various metallic-looking sulfides (of which pyrite is the commonest)


pyrolusite: a mineral consisting of manganese dioxide; an important source of manganese


pyromorphite: a mineral consisting of lead chloride and phosphate; a minor source of lead


green lead ore: a mineral consisting of lead chloride and phosphate; a minor source of lead


pyrophyllite: a white or greenish aluminum silicate mineral (resembles talc)


pyroxene: any of a group of crystalline silicate mineral common in igneous and metamorphic rocks


pyrrhotite: a brownish iron sulfide mineral (FeS) having weak magnetic properties


pyrrhotine: a brownish iron sulfide mineral (FeS) having weak magnetic properties


magnetic pyrites: a brownish iron sulfide mineral (FeS) having weak magnetic properties


quartz: a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities


quartzite: hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals


rock crystal: a clear quartz used in making electronic and optical equipment


transparent quartz: a clear quartz used in making electronic and optical equipment


rhinestone: an imitation diamond made from rock crystal or glass or paste


cairngorm: a smoky yellow or brown quartz


smoky quartz: a smoky yellow or brown quartz


rag paper: paper made partly or wholly from rags


reactant: a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction


realgar: a rare soft orange mineral consisting of arsenic sulphide; an important ore of arsenic


red clay: clay whose redness results from iron oxide


red fire: combustible material (usually salts of lithium or strontium) that burns bright red; used in flares and fireworks


regosol: a type of soil consisting of unconsolidated material from freshly deposited alluvium or sand


regur: a rich black loam of India


regur soil: a rich black loam of India


residual soil: the soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved


residual clay: the soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved


topsoil: the layer of soil on the surface


surface soil: the layer of soil on the surface


subsoil: the layer of soil between the topsoil and bedrock


undersoil: the layer of soil between the topsoil and bedrock


resinoid: a plastic containing resins


rhodochrosite: a mineral consisting of manganese carbonate; a source of manganese


rhodonite: a pink or red mineral consisting of crystalline manganese silicate; used as an ornamental stone


ribose: a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid


ricin: a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent; can be used as a bioweapon


ricin toxin: a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent; can be used as a bioweapon


road metal: broken rock used for repairing or making roads


rock: material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust


stone: material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust


arenaceous rock: a sedimentary rock composed of sand


argillaceous rock: a sedimentary rock formed from clay deposits


rudaceous rock: a sedimentary rock formed of coarse-grained material


breccia: a rudaceous rock consisting of sharp fragments embedded in clay or sand


sedimentary rock: rock formed from consolidated clay sediments


sial: the granitelike rocks that form the outermost layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and aluminum


sima: rock that form the continuous lower layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and magnesium


marlite: metamorphic rock with approximately the same composition as marl


marlstone: metamorphic rock with approximately the same composition as marl


metamorphic rock: rock altered by pressure and heat


gravel: rock fragments and pebbles


crushed rock: rock fragments and pebbles


hornfels: a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed by the action of heat on clay rocks


hornstone: a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed by the action of heat on clay rocks


ballast: coarse gravel laid to form a bed for streets and railroads


bank gravel: gravel as found in natural deposits


pit-run gravel: gravel as found in natural deposits


pit run: gravel as found in natural deposits


caliche: nitrate-bearing rock or gravel of the sodium nitrate deposits of Chile and Peru


shingle: coarse beach gravel of small waterworn stones and pebbles (or a stretch of shore covered with such gravel)


gem: a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry


gemstone: a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry


stone: a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry


cabochon: a highly polished gem that is cut convexly but without facets


slate: a fine-grained metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers


shingling: (geology) sediment in which flat pebbles are uniformly tilted in the same direction


pumice: a light glass formed on the surface of some lavas; used as an abrasive


pumice stone: a light glass formed on the surface of some lavas; used as an abrasive


grit: a hard coarse-grained siliceous sandstone


gritrock: a hard coarse-grained siliceous sandstone


gritstone: a hard coarse-grained siliceous sandstone


animal product: a product made from animal material


ambergris: waxy substance secreted by the sperm whale and found floating at sea or washed ashore; used in perfume


lac: resinlike substance secreted by certain lac insects; used in e.g. varnishes and sealing wax


garnet lac: lac refined by treating with solvent; garnet-colored


gum-lac: an inferior lac produced by lac insects in Madagascar


shellac: lac purified by heating and filtering; usually in thin orange or yellow flakes but sometimes bleached white


mosaic gold: a yellow pigment sometimes suspended in lacquer


stannic sulfide: a yellow pigment sometimes suspended in lacquer


stick lac: lac in its natural state as scraped off twigs and dried


seed lac: granular material obtained from stick lac by crushing and washing


Sonora lac: resembling lac; secreted by a scale living on twigs of certain Mexican shrubs; used locally as medicine


adhesive material: a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together


adhesive agent: a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together


adhesive: a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together


birdlime: a sticky adhesive that is smeared on small branches to capture small birds


lime: a sticky adhesive that is smeared on small branches to capture small birds


glue: cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive


gum: cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive


mucilage: cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive


animal glue: a protein gelatin obtained by boiling e.g. skins and hoofs of cattle and horses


casein glue: made from casein; used for e.g. plywood and cabinetwork


Crazy Glue: a commercial brand of epoxy glue


fish glue: gelatinous substance obtained by boiling skins fins and bones of fish


marine glue: glue that is not water soluble


putty: a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass


iron putty: a cement resembling putty; made by mixing ferric oxide and boiled linseed oil; is acid resistant


red-lead putty: a cement resembling putty; made by mixing white and red lead in boiled linseed oil; used as luting on pipe fittings


spirit gum: an adhesive solution made of gum and ether and used to attach false hair to skin


binder: something used to bind separate particles together or facilitate adhesion to a surface


cement: something that hardens to act as adhesive material


mastic: a pasty cement used as an adhesive or filler


paste: an adhesive made from water and flour or starch; used on paper and paperboard


library paste: an adhesive made from water and flour or starch; used on paper and paperboard


wafer: a small adhesive disk of paste; used to seal letters


paste: any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency


rubber cement: an adhesive made by dissolving unvulcanized rubber in a solvent like benzene or naphtha


sealing material: any substance used to seal joints or fill cracks in a porous surface


sealant: a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)


sealer: a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)


filler: used for filling cracks or holes in a surface


lute: a substance for packing a joint or coating a porous surface to make it impervious to gas or liquid


luting: a substance for packing a joint or coating a porous surface to make it impervious to gas or liquid


size: any glutinous material used to fill pores in surfaces or to stiffen fabrics


sizing: any glutinous material used to fill pores in surfaces or to stiffen fabrics


purine: a colorless crystalline organic base containing nitrogen; the parent compound of various biologically important substances


purine: any of several bases that are derivatives of purine


adenine: (biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA


A: (biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA


adenosine: (biochemistry) a nucleoside that is a structural component of nucleic acids; it is present in all living cells in a combined form as a constituent of DNA and RNA and ADP and ATP and AMP


adenosine deaminase: an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia


ADA: an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia


adenosine monophosphate: a nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism; reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP


AMP: a nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism; reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP


adenylic acid: a nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism; reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP


adenosine diphosphate: an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage


ADP: an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage


adenosine triphosphate: a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions


ATP: a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions


agate: an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles


moss agate: an agate resembling moss with brown, black, or green markings


Alar: a chemical sprayed on fruit trees to regulate their growth so the entire crop can be harvested at one time


daminozide: a chemical sprayed on fruit trees to regulate their growth so the entire crop can be harvested at one time


alcohol: any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation


ether: any of a class of organic compounds that have two hydrocarbon groups linked by an oxygen atom


ethyl alcohol: the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline


ethanol: the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline


fermentation alcohol: the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline


grain alcohol: the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline


spirits of wine: rectified ethyl alcohol


absolute alcohol: pure ethyl alcohol (containing no more than 1% water)


isopropyl alcohol: alcohol used as antifreeze or a solvent


isopropanol: alcohol used as antifreeze or a solvent


denaturant: any substance that serves as a denaturing agent


denatured alcohol: ethyl alcohol that is unfit for drinking but is still useful for other purposes


ethyl: the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom


ethyl group: the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom


ethyl radical: the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom


aldohexose: a monosaccharide sugar having six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group


aldose: a monosaccharide sugar that contains the aldehyde group or is hemiacetal


acetal: any organic compound formed by adding alcohol molecules to aldehyde molecules


acetaldol: unsaturated aldol


acetaldehyde: a colorless volatile water-soluble liquid aldehyde used chiefly in the manufacture of acetic acid and perfumes and drugs


ethanal: a colorless volatile water-soluble liquid aldehyde used chiefly in the manufacture of acetic acid and perfumes and drugs


acetamide: a colorless solid amide of acetic acid used as a solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds


ethanamide: a colorless solid amide of acetic acid used as a solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds


acrylamide: a white crystalline amide of propenoic acid can damage the nervous system and is carcinogenic in laboratory animals


agglomerate: volcanic rock consisting of large fragments fused together


aldol: an oily colorless liquid obtained by the condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde; contains an alcohol group (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO)


aldehyde-alcohol: an oily colorless liquid obtained by the condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde; contains an alcohol group (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO)


alkali: a mixture of soluble salts found in arid soils and some bodies of water; detrimental to agriculture


alkali metal: any of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium)


alkaline metal: any of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium)


alkaline earth: any of the bivalent metals of group II of the periodic table (calcium or strontium or barium or magnesium or beryllium)


alkaline-earth metal: any of the bivalent metals of group II of the periodic table (calcium or strontium or barium or magnesium or beryllium)


alkaloid: natural bases containing nitrogen found in plants


alkene: any unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon


olefine: any unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon


olefin: any unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon


alkylbenzenesulfonate: sulfonate of alkyl benzene


cinchonine: an alkaloid derivative of the bark of cinchona trees that is used as an antimalarial drug


ephedrine: white odorless powdered or crystalline alkaloid from plants of the genus Ephedra (especially Ephedra sinica) or made synthetically; used as a bronchodilator to treat bronchitis and asthma


ergonovine: an alkaloid derived from ergot (trade name Ergotrate Maleate) that is less toxic than ergot; induces muscular contraction of the uterus and is administered after childbirth or abortion


Ergotrate Maleate: an alkaloid derived from ergot (trade name Ergotrate Maleate) that is less toxic than ergot; induces muscular contraction of the uterus and is administered after childbirth or abortion


ergotamine: an alkaloid derived from ergot that is less toxic than ergot; causes constriction of blood vessels and is used to treat migraine


pseudoephedrine: poisonous crystalline alkaloid occurring with ephedrine and isomorphic with it


epsilon toxin: a bacterial toxin produced by clostridium perfringens; causes intense abdominal cramps and diarrhea that begins 8-22 hours after consumption of foods containing large numbers of these bacteria


Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin: a bacterial toxin produced by clostridium perfringens; causes intense abdominal cramps and diarrhea that begins 8-22 hours after consumption of foods containing large numbers of these bacteria


aflatoxin: a potent carcinogen from the fungus Aspergillus; can be produced and stored for use as a bioweapon


nicotine: an alkaloid poison that occurs in tobacco; used in medicine and as an insecticide


strychnine: an alkaloid plant toxin extracted chiefly from nux vomica; formerly used as a stimulant


brucine: a bitter alkaloid poison resembling strychnine and extracted from nux vomica


shag: a strong coarse tobacco that has been shredded


Turkish tobacco: a dark aromatic tobacco of eastern Europe that is used in cigarettes


latakia: aromatic Turkish tobacco


alexandrite: a green variety of chrysoberyl used as a gemstone


alloy iron: cast iron containing alloying elements (usually nickel or chromium or copper or molybdenum) to increase the strength or facilitate heat treatment


alloy cast iron: cast iron containing alloying elements (usually nickel or chromium or copper or molybdenum) to increase the strength or facilitate heat treatment


alloy steel: steel who characteristics are determined by the addition of other elements in addition to carbon