pteridosperm: an extinct seed-producing fernlike plant of the order Cycadofilicales (or group Pteridospermae)


Coniferopsida: cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)


class Coniferopsida: cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)


Coniferophytina: cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)


subdivision Coniferophytina: cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)


Coniferophyta: cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)


Cordaitales: extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian period; probably extinct since the Mesozoic era


order Cordaitales: extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian period; probably extinct since the Mesozoic era


Cordaitaceae: chiefly Paleozoic plants; Cordaites is the chief and typical genus


family Cordaitaceae: chiefly Paleozoic plants; Cordaites is the chief and typical genus


Cordaites: tall Paleozoic trees superficially resembling modern screw pines; structurally intermediate in some ways between cycads and conifers


genus Cordaites: tall Paleozoic trees superficially resembling modern screw pines; structurally intermediate in some ways between cycads and conifers


Pinopsida: most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


class Pinopsida: most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


Pinophytina: most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


subdivision Pinophytina: most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


Coniferales: profusely branching and chiefly evergreen trees and some shrubs having narrow or needlelike leaves


order Coniferales: profusely branching and chiefly evergreen trees and some shrubs having narrow or needlelike leaves


Pinaceae: a family of Pinaceae


family Pinaceae: a family of Pinaceae


pine family: a family of Pinaceae


Pinus: type genus of the Pinaceae: large genus of true pines


genus Pinus: type genus of the Pinaceae: large genus of true pines


pine: a coniferous tree


pine tree: a coniferous tree


true pine: a coniferous tree


pine: straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus


knotty pine: pine lumber with many knots; used especially for paneling and furniture


white pine: soft white wood of white pine trees


yellow pine: hard yellowish wood of a yellow pine


pinon: any of several low-growing pines of western North America


pinyon: any of several low-growing pines of western North America


nut pine: any of several pinons bearing edible nutlike seeds


pinon pine: a small two-needled or three-needled pinon of Mexico and southern Texas


Mexican nut pine: a small two-needled or three-needled pinon of Mexico and southern Texas


Pinus cembroides: a small two-needled or three-needled pinon of Mexico and southern Texas


Rocky mountain pinon: small compact two-needled pinon of southwestern United States; important as a nut pine


Pinus edulis: small compact two-needled pinon of southwestern United States; important as a nut pine


single-leaf: pinon of southwestern United States having solitary needles and often many stems; important as a nut pine


single-leaf pine: pinon of southwestern United States having solitary needles and often many stems; important as a nut pine


single-leaf pinyon: pinon of southwestern United States having solitary needles and often many stems; important as a nut pine


Pinus monophylla: pinon of southwestern United States having solitary needles and often many stems; important as a nut pine


bishop pine: two-needled or three-needled pinon mostly of northwestern California coast


bishop's pine: two-needled or three-needled pinon mostly of northwestern California coast


Pinus muricata: two-needled or three-needled pinon mostly of northwestern California coast


California single-leaf pinyon: very small tree similar to Rocky mountain pinon but having a single needle per fascicle; similar to Parry's pinyon in range


Pinus californiarum: very small tree similar to Rocky mountain pinon but having a single needle per fascicle; similar to Parry's pinyon in range


Parry's pinyon: five-needled pinon of southern California and northern Baja California having (sometimes three-needled or four-needled showing hybridization from Pinus californiarum)


Pinus quadrifolia: five-needled pinon of southern California and northern Baja California having (sometimes three-needled or four-needled showing hybridization from Pinus californiarum)


Pinus parryana: five-needled pinon of southern California and northern Baja California having (sometimes three-needled or four-needled showing hybridization from Pinus californiarum)


spruce pine: large two-needled pine of southeastern United States with light soft wood


Pinus glabra: large two-needled pine of southeastern United States with light soft wood


black pine: large two-needled timber pine of southeastern Europe


Pinus nigra: large two-needled timber pine of southeastern Europe


pitch pine: large three-needled pine of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada; closely related to the pond pine


northern pitch pine: large three-needled pine of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada; closely related to the pond pine


Pinus rigida: large three-needled pine of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada; closely related to the pond pine


pond pine: large three-needled pine of sandy swamps of southeastern United States; needles longer than those of the northern pitch pine


Pinus serotina: large three-needled pine of sandy swamps of southeastern United States; needles longer than those of the northern pitch pine


stone pine: medium-sized two-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated for its sweet seeds that resemble almonds


umbrella pine: medium-sized two-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated for its sweet seeds that resemble almonds


European nut pine: medium-sized two-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated for its sweet seeds that resemble almonds


Pinus pinea: medium-sized two-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated for its sweet seeds that resemble almonds


Swiss pine: large five-needled European pine; yields cembra nuts and a resinous exudate


Swiss stone pine: large five-needled European pine; yields cembra nuts and a resinous exudate


arolla pine: large five-needled European pine; yields cembra nuts and a resinous exudate


cembra nut tree: large five-needled European pine; yields cembra nuts and a resinous exudate


Pinus cembra: large five-needled European pine; yields cembra nuts and a resinous exudate


cembra nut: the seed of the Swiss pine


cedar nut: the seed of the Swiss pine


Swiss mountain pine: low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green needles in bunches of two


mountain pine: low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green needles in bunches of two


dwarf mountain pine: low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green needles in bunches of two


mugho pine: low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green needles in bunches of two


mugo pine: low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green needles in bunches of two


Pinus mugo: low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green needles in bunches of two


ancient pine: small slow-growing pine of western United States similar to the bristlecone pine; chocolate brown bark in plates and short needles in bunches of 5; crown conic but becoming rough and twisted; oldest plant in the world growing to 5000 years in cold semidesert mountain tops


Pinus longaeva: small slow-growing pine of western United States similar to the bristlecone pine; chocolate brown bark in plates and short needles in bunches of 5; crown conic but becoming rough and twisted; oldest plant in the world growing to 5000 years in cold semidesert mountain tops


white pine: any of several five-needled pines with white wood and smooth usually light grey bark when young; especially the eastern white pine


American white pine: tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures when mature; valued as a timber tree


eastern white pine: tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures when mature; valued as a timber tree


weymouth pine: tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures when mature; valued as a timber tree


Pinus strobus: tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures when mature; valued as a timber tree


western white pine: tall pine of western North America with stout blue-green needles; bark is grey-brown with rectangular plates when mature


silver pine: tall pine of western North America with stout blue-green needles; bark is grey-brown with rectangular plates when mature


mountain pine: tall pine of western North America with stout blue-green needles; bark is grey-brown with rectangular plates when mature


Pinus monticola: tall pine of western North America with stout blue-green needles; bark is grey-brown with rectangular plates when mature


southwestern white pine: medium-size pine of northwestern Mexico; bark is dark brown and furrowed when mature


Pinus strobiformis: medium-size pine of northwestern Mexico; bark is dark brown and furrowed when mature


limber pine: western North American pine with long needles and very flexible limbs and dark-grey furrowed bark


Pinus flexilis: western North American pine with long needles and very flexible limbs and dark-grey furrowed bark


whitebark pine: small pine of western North America; having smooth grey-white bark and soft brittle wood; similar to limber pine


whitebarked pine: small pine of western North America; having smooth grey-white bark and soft brittle wood; similar to limber pine


Pinus albicaulis: small pine of western North America; having smooth grey-white bark and soft brittle wood; similar to limber pine


yellow pine: any of various pines having yellow wood


ponderosa: common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature


ponderosa pine: common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature


western yellow pine: common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature


bull pine: common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature


Pinus ponderosa: common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature


Jeffrey pine: tall symmetrical pine of western North America having long blue-green needles in bunches of 3 and elongated cones on spreading somewhat pendulous branches; sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine


Jeffrey's pine: tall symmetrical pine of western North America having long blue-green needles in bunches of 3 and elongated cones on spreading somewhat pendulous branches; sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine


black pine: tall symmetrical pine of western North America having long blue-green needles in bunches of 3 and elongated cones on spreading somewhat pendulous branches; sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine


Pinus jeffreyi: tall symmetrical pine of western North America having long blue-green needles in bunches of 3 and elongated cones on spreading somewhat pendulous branches; sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine


shore pine: shrubby two-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares


lodgepole: shrubby two-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares


lodgepole pine: shrubby two-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares


spruce pine: shrubby two-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares


Pinus contorta: shrubby two-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares


Sierra lodgepole pine: tall subspecies of lodgepole pine


Pinus contorta murrayana: tall subspecies of lodgepole pine


loblolly pine: tall spreading three-needled pine of southeastern United States having reddish-brown fissured bark and a full bushy upper head


frankincense pine: tall spreading three-needled pine of southeastern United States having reddish-brown fissured bark and a full bushy upper head


Pinus taeda: tall spreading three-needled pine of southeastern United States having reddish-brown fissured bark and a full bushy upper head


jack pine: slender medium-sized two-needled pine of eastern North America; with yellow-green needles and scaly grey to red-brown fissured bark


Pinus banksiana: slender medium-sized two-needled pine of eastern North America; with yellow-green needles and scaly grey to red-brown fissured bark


swamp pine: any of several pines that prefer or endure moist situations such as loblolly pine or longleaf pine


longleaf pine: large three-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree


pitch pine: large three-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree


southern yellow pine: large three-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree


Georgia pine: large three-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree


Pinus palustris: large three-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree


shortleaf pine: large pine of southern United States having short needles in bunches of 2-3 and red-brown bark when mature


short-leaf pine: large pine of southern United States having short needles in bunches of 2-3 and red-brown bark when mature


shortleaf yellow pine: large pine of southern United States having short needles in bunches of 2-3 and red-brown bark when mature


Pinus echinata: large pine of southern United States having short needles in bunches of 2-3 and red-brown bark when mature


red pine: pine of eastern North America having long needles in bunches of two and reddish bark


Canadian red pine: pine of eastern North America having long needles in bunches of two and reddish bark


Pinus resinosa: pine of eastern North America having long needles in bunches of two and reddish bark


Scotch pine: medium large two-needled pine of northern Europe and Asia having flaking red-brown bark


Scots pine: medium large two-needled pine of northern Europe and Asia having flaking red-brown bark


Scotch fir: medium large two-needled pine of northern Europe and Asia having flaking red-brown bark


Pinus sylvestris: medium large two-needled pine of northern Europe and Asia having flaking red-brown bark


scrub pine: common small shrubby pine of the eastern United States having straggling often twisted or branches and short needles in bunches of 2


Virginia pine: common small shrubby pine of the eastern United States having straggling often twisted or branches and short needles in bunches of 2


Jersey pine: common small shrubby pine of the eastern United States having straggling often twisted or branches and short needles in bunches of 2


Pinus virginiana: common small shrubby pine of the eastern United States having straggling often twisted or branches and short needles in bunches of 2


Monterey pine: tall California pine with long needles in bunches of 3, a dense crown, and dark brown deeply fissured bark


Pinus radiata: tall California pine with long needles in bunches of 3, a dense crown, and dark brown deeply fissured bark


bristlecone pine: small slow-growing upland pine of western United States (Rocky Mountains) having dense branches with fissured rust-brown bark and short needles in bunches of 5 and thorn-tipped cone scales; among the oldest living things some over 4500 years old


Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine: small slow-growing upland pine of western United States (Rocky Mountains) having dense branches with fissured rust-brown bark and short needles in bunches of 5 and thorn-tipped cone scales; among the oldest living things some over 4500 years old


Pinus aristata: small slow-growing upland pine of western United States (Rocky Mountains) having dense branches with fissured rust-brown bark and short needles in bunches of 5 and thorn-tipped cone scales; among the oldest living things some over 4500 years old


table-mountain pine: a small two-needled upland pine of the eastern United States (Appalachians) having dark brown flaking bark and thorn-tipped cone scales


prickly pine: a small two-needled upland pine of the eastern United States (Appalachians) having dark brown flaking bark and thorn-tipped cone scales


hickory pine: a small two-needled upland pine of the eastern United States (Appalachians) having dark brown flaking bark and thorn-tipped cone scales


Pinus pungens: a small two-needled upland pine of the eastern United States (Appalachians) having dark brown flaking bark and thorn-tipped cone scales


knobcone pine: medium-sized three-needled pine of the Pacific coast of the United States having a prominent knob on each scale of the cone


Pinus attenuata: medium-sized three-needled pine of the Pacific coast of the United States having a prominent knob on each scale of the cone


Japanese red pine: pine native to Japan and Korea having a wide-spreading irregular crown when mature; grown as an ornamental


Japanese table pine: pine native to Japan and Korea having a wide-spreading irregular crown when mature; grown as an ornamental


Pinus densiflora: pine native to Japan and Korea having a wide-spreading irregular crown when mature; grown as an ornamental


Japanese black pine: large Japanese ornamental having long needles in bunches of 2; widely planted in United States because of its resistance to salt and smog


black pine: large Japanese ornamental having long needles in bunches of 2; widely planted in United States because of its resistance to salt and smog


Pinus thunbergii: large Japanese ornamental having long needles in bunches of 2; widely planted in United States because of its resistance to salt and smog


Torrey pine: medium-sized five-needled pine of southwestern California having long cylindrical cones


Torrey's pine: medium-sized five-needled pine of southwestern California having long cylindrical cones


soledad pine: medium-sized five-needled pine of southwestern California having long cylindrical cones


grey-leaf pine: medium-sized five-needled pine of southwestern California having long cylindrical cones


sabine pine: medium-sized five-needled pine of southwestern California having long cylindrical cones


Pinus torreyana: medium-sized five-needled pine of southwestern California having long cylindrical cones


Larix: larches


genus Larix: larches


larch: any of numerous conifers of the genus Larix all having deciduous needlelike leaves


larch tree: any of numerous conifers of the genus Larix all having deciduous needlelike leaves


larch: wood of a larch tree


American larch: medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark


tamarack: medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark


black larch: medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark


Larix laricina: medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark


western larch: tall larch of western North America have pale green sharply pointed leaves and oblong cones; an important timber tree


western tamarack: tall larch of western North America have pale green sharply pointed leaves and oblong cones; an important timber tree


Oregon larch: tall larch of western North America have pale green sharply pointed leaves and oblong cones; an important timber tree


Larix occidentalis: tall larch of western North America have pale green sharply pointed leaves and oblong cones; an important timber tree


subalpine larch: medium-sized larch of the Rocky Mountains; closely related to Larix occidentalis


Larix lyallii: medium-sized larch of the Rocky Mountains; closely related to Larix occidentalis


European larch: tall European tree having a slender conic crown, flat needlelike leaves, and hairy cone scales


Larix decidua: tall European tree having a slender conic crown, flat needlelike leaves, and hairy cone scales


Siberian larch: medium-sized larch of northeastern Russia and Siberia having narrowly conic crown and soft narrow bright-green leaves; used in cultivation


Larix siberica: medium-sized larch of northeastern Russia and Siberia having narrowly conic crown and soft narrow bright-green leaves; used in cultivation


Larix russica: medium-sized larch of northeastern Russia and Siberia having narrowly conic crown and soft narrow bright-green leaves; used in cultivation


Pseudolarix: one species: golden larch


genus Pseudolarix: one species: golden larch


golden larch: Chinese deciduous conifer resembling a larch with golden yellow leaves


Pseudolarix amabilis: Chinese deciduous conifer resembling a larch with golden yellow leaves


Abies: true firs


genus Abies: true firs


fir: any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas


fir tree: any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas


true fir: any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas


fir: nonresinous wood of a fir tree


silver fir: any of various true firs having leaves white or silvery white beneath


amabilis fir: medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed


white fir: medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed


Pacific silver fir: medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed


red silver fir: medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed


Christmas tree: medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed


Abies amabilis: medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed


European silver fir: tall timber tree of central and southern Europe having a regular crown and grey bark


Christmas tree: tall timber tree of central and southern Europe having a regular crown and grey bark


Abies alba: tall timber tree of central and southern Europe having a regular crown and grey bark


white fir: medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown and soft wood


Colorado fir: medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown and soft wood


California white fir: medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown and soft wood


Abies concolor: medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown and soft wood


Abies lowiana: medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown and soft wood


balsam fir: medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much used for pulpwood and Christmas trees


balm of Gilead: medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much used for pulpwood and Christmas trees


Canada balsam: medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much used for pulpwood and Christmas trees


Abies balsamea: medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much used for pulpwood and Christmas trees


Fraser fir: small fast-growing but short-lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves


Abies fraseri: small fast-growing but short-lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves


lowland fir: lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves


lowland white fir: lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves


giant fir: lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves


grand fir: lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves


Abies grandis: lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves


Alpine fir: medium-tall timber tree of the Rocky Mountains having a narrowly conic to columnar crown


subalpine fir: medium-tall timber tree of the Rocky Mountains having a narrowly conic to columnar crown


Abies lasiocarpa: medium-tall timber tree of the Rocky Mountains having a narrowly conic to columnar crown


Santa Lucia fir: a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long spines


bristlecone fir: a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long spines


Abies bracteata: a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long spines


Abies venusta: a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long spines


Cedrus: true cedars


genus Cedrus: true cedars


cedar: any cedar of the genus Cedrus


cedar tree: any cedar of the genus Cedrus


true cedar: any cedar of the genus Cedrus


cedar: durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests


cedarwood: durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests


red cedar: fragrant reddish wood of any of various red cedar trees


pencil cedar: wood of a pencil cedar tree; used for making pencils


cedar of Lebanon: cedar of Lebanon and northwestern Syria that attains great age and height


Cedrus libani: cedar of Lebanon and northwestern Syria that attains great age and height


deodar: tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance as well as its timber


deodar cedar: tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance as well as its timber


Himalayan cedar: tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance as well as its timber


Cedrus deodara: tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance as well as its timber


Atlas cedar: tall Algerian evergreen of Atlas mountains with blue-green leaves; widely planted as an ornamental


Cedrus atlantica: tall Algerian evergreen of Atlas mountains with blue-green leaves; widely planted as an ornamental


Picea: a genus of temperate and Arctic evergreen trees (see spruce)


genus Picea: a genus of temperate and Arctic evergreen trees (see spruce)


spruce: any coniferous tree of the genus Picea


spruce: light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork


Norway spruce: tall pyramidal spruce native to northern Europe having dark green foliage on spreading branches with pendulous branchlets and long pendulous cones


Picea abies: tall pyramidal spruce native to northern Europe having dark green foliage on spreading branches with pendulous branchlets and long pendulous cones


weeping spruce: medium-sized spruce of California and Oregon having pendulous branches


Brewer's spruce: medium-sized spruce of California and Oregon having pendulous branches


Picea breweriana: medium-sized spruce of California and Oregon having pendulous branches


Engelmann spruce: tall spruce of Rocky Mountains and British Columbia with blue-green needles and acutely conic crown; wood used for rough lumber and boxes


Engelmann's spruce: tall spruce of Rocky Mountains and British Columbia with blue-green needles and acutely conic crown; wood used for rough lumber and boxes


Picea engelmannii: tall spruce of Rocky Mountains and British Columbia with blue-green needles and acutely conic crown; wood used for rough lumber and boxes


white spruce: medium-sized spruce of northeastern North America having short blue-green leaves and slender cones


Picea glauca: medium-sized spruce of northeastern North America having short blue-green leaves and slender cones


black spruce: small spruce of boggy areas of northeastern North America having spreading branches with dense foliage; inferior wood


Picea mariana: small spruce of boggy areas of northeastern North America having spreading branches with dense foliage; inferior wood


spruce pine: small spruce of boggy areas of northeastern North America having spreading branches with dense foliage; inferior wood


Siberian spruce: tall spruce of northern Europe and Asia; resembles Norway spruce


Picea obovata: tall spruce of northern Europe and Asia; resembles Norway spruce


Sitka spruce: a large spruce that grows only along the northwestern coast of the United States and Canada; has sharp stiff needles and thin bark; the wood has a high ratio of strength to weight


Picea sitchensis: a large spruce that grows only along the northwestern coast of the United States and Canada; has sharp stiff needles and thin bark; the wood has a high ratio of strength to weight


oriental spruce: evergreen tree of the Caucasus and Asia Minor used as an ornamental having pendulous branchlets


Picea orientalis: evergreen tree of the Caucasus and Asia Minor used as an ornamental having pendulous branchlets


Colorado spruce: tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar with lower branches sweeping downward


Colorado blue spruce: tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar with lower branches sweeping downward


silver spruce: tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar with lower branches sweeping downward


Picea pungens: tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar with lower branches sweeping downward


red spruce: medium-sized spruce of eastern North America; chief lumber spruce of the area; source of pulpwood


eastern spruce: medium-sized spruce of eastern North America; chief lumber spruce of the area; source of pulpwood


yellow spruce: medium-sized spruce of eastern North America; chief lumber spruce of the area; source of pulpwood


Picea rubens: medium-sized spruce of eastern North America; chief lumber spruce of the area; source of pulpwood


Tsuga: hemlock; hemlock fir; hemlock spruce


genus Tsuga: hemlock; hemlock fir; hemlock spruce


hemlock: an evergreen tree


hemlock tree: an evergreen tree


hemlock: soft coarse splintery wood of a hemlock tree especially the western hemlock


eastern hemlock: common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for pulpwood


Canadian hemlock: common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for pulpwood


spruce pine: common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for pulpwood


Tsuga canadensis: common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for pulpwood


Carolina hemlock: medium-sized evergreen of southeastern United States having spreading branches and widely diverging cone scales


Tsuga caroliniana: medium-sized evergreen of southeastern United States having spreading branches and widely diverging cone scales


mountain hemlock: large evergreen of western United States; wood much harder than Canadian hemlock


black hemlock: large evergreen of western United States; wood much harder than Canadian hemlock


Tsuga mertensiana: large evergreen of western United States; wood much harder than Canadian hemlock


western hemlock: tall evergreen of western North America; commercially important timber tree


Pacific hemlock: tall evergreen of western North America; commercially important timber tree


west coast hemlock: tall evergreen of western North America; commercially important timber tree


Tsuga heterophylla: tall evergreen of western North America; commercially important timber tree


Pseudotsuga: douglas fir; closely related to genera Larix and Cathaya


genus Pseudotsuga: douglas fir; closely related to genera Larix and Cathaya


douglas fir: tall evergreen timber tree of western North America having resinous wood and short needles


douglas fir: strong durable timber of a douglas fir


green douglas fir: lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones


douglas spruce: lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones


douglas pine: lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones


douglas hemlock: lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones


Oregon fir: lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones


Oregon pine: lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones


Pseudotsuga menziesii: lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones


big-cone spruce: douglas fir of California having cones 4-8 inches long


big-cone douglas fir: douglas fir of California having cones 4-8 inches long


Pseudotsuga macrocarpa: douglas fir of California having cones 4-8 inches long


genus Cathaya: one species; related to Pseudotsuga and Larix


Cathaya: Chinese evergreen conifer discovered in 1955; not yet cultivated elsewhere


Cupressaceae: cypresses and junipers and many cedars


family Cupressaceae: cypresses and junipers and many cedars


cypress family: cypresses and junipers and many cedars


cedar: any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars


cedar tree: any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars


Cupressus: type genus of Cupressaceae


genus Cupressus: type genus of Cupressaceae


cypress: any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones


cypress tree: any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones


cypress: wood of any of various cypress trees especially of the genus Cupressus


gowen cypress: small sometimes shrubby tree native to California; often used as an ornamental; in some classification systems includes the pygmy cypress and the Santa Cruz cypress


Cupressus goveniana: small sometimes shrubby tree native to California; often used as an ornamental; in some classification systems includes the pygmy cypress and the Santa Cruz cypress


pygmy cypress: rare small cypress native to northern California; sometimes considered the same species as gowen cypress


Cupressus pigmaea: rare small cypress native to northern California; sometimes considered the same species as gowen cypress


Cupressus goveniana pigmaea: rare small cypress native to northern California; sometimes considered the same species as gowen cypress


Santa Cruz cypress: rare California cypress taller than but closely related to gowen cypress and sometimes considered the same species


Cupressus abramsiana: rare California cypress taller than but closely related to gowen cypress and sometimes considered the same species


Cupressus goveniana abramsiana: rare California cypress taller than but closely related to gowen cypress and sometimes considered the same species


Arizona cypress: Arizona timber tree with bluish silvery foliage


Cupressus arizonica: Arizona timber tree with bluish silvery foliage


Guadalupe cypress: relatively low wide-spreading endemic on Guadalupe Island; cultivated for its bluish foliage


Cupressus guadalupensis: relatively low wide-spreading endemic on Guadalupe Island; cultivated for its bluish foliage


Monterey cypress: tall California cypress endemic on Monterey Bay; widely used for ornament as well as reforestation and shelterbelt planting


Cupressus macrocarpa: tall California cypress endemic on Monterey Bay; widely used for ornament as well as reforestation and shelterbelt planting


Mexican cypress: tall spreading evergreen found in Mexico having drooping branches; believed to have been introduced into Portugal from Goa


cedar of Goa: tall spreading evergreen found in Mexico having drooping branches; believed to have been introduced into Portugal from Goa


Portuguese cypress: tall spreading evergreen found in Mexico having drooping branches; believed to have been introduced into Portugal from Goa


Cupressus lusitanica: tall spreading evergreen found in Mexico having drooping branches; believed to have been introduced into Portugal from Goa


Italian cypress: tall Eurasian cypress with thin grey bark and ascending branches


Mediterranean cypress: tall Eurasian cypress with thin grey bark and ascending branches


Cupressus sempervirens: tall Eurasian cypress with thin grey bark and ascending branches


Athrotaxis: a genus of gymnosperm


genus Athrotaxis: a genus of gymnosperm


King William pine: evergreen of Tasmanian mountains having sharp-pointed leaves that curve inward


Athrotaxis selaginoides: evergreen of Tasmanian mountains having sharp-pointed leaves that curve inward


Austrocedrus: one species; formerly included in genus Libocedrus


genus Austrocedrus: one species; formerly included in genus Libocedrus


Chilean cedar: a small South American evergreen having coppery bark and pretty foliage


Austrocedrus chilensis: a small South American evergreen having coppery bark and pretty foliage


Callitris: evergreen monoecious coniferous trees or shrubs: cypress pines


genus Callitris: evergreen monoecious coniferous trees or shrubs: cypress pines


cypress pine: any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and northern New Caledonia


Port Jackson pine: Australian cypress pine having globular cones


Callitris cupressiformis: Australian cypress pine having globular cones


black cypress pine: Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin


red cypress pine: Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin


Callitris endlicheri: Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin


Callitris calcarata: Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin


white cypress pine: small tree or shrub of southern Australia


Callitris glaucophylla: small tree or shrub of southern Australia


Callitris glauca: small tree or shrub of southern Australia


stringybark pine: Australian cypress pine with fibrous inner bark


Callitris parlatorei: Australian cypress pine with fibrous inner bark


Calocedrus: tall evergreens of western North America and eastern Asia; formerly included in genus Libocedrus


genus Calocedrus: tall evergreens of western North America and eastern Asia; formerly included in genus Libocedrus


incense cedar: tall tree of the Pacific coast of North America having foliage like cypress and cinnamon-red bark


red cedar: tall tree of the Pacific coast of North America having foliage like cypress and cinnamon-red bark


Calocedrus decurrens: tall tree of the Pacific coast of North America having foliage like cypress and cinnamon-red bark


Libocedrus decurrens: tall tree of the Pacific coast of North America having foliage like cypress and cinnamon-red bark


Chamaecyparis: a genus of Chamaecyparis


genus Chamaecyparis: a genus of Chamaecyparis


southern white cedar: slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae


coast white cedar: slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae


Atlantic white cedar: slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae


white cypress: slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae


white cedar: slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae


Chamaecyparis thyoides: slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae


Oregon cedar: large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet


Port Orford cedar: large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet


Lawson's cypress: large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet


Lawson's cedar: large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet


Chamaecyparis lawsoniana: large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet


Port Orford cedar: the wood of the Port Orford cedar tree


yellow cypress: tall evergreen of the Pacific coast of North America often cultivated for ornament


yellow cedar: tall evergreen of the Pacific coast of North America often cultivated for ornament


Nootka cypress: tall evergreen of the Pacific coast of North America often cultivated for ornament


Alaska cedar: tall evergreen of the Pacific coast of North America often cultivated for ornament


Chamaecyparis nootkatensis: tall evergreen of the Pacific coast of North America often cultivated for ornament


Cryptomeria: Japanese cedar; sugi


genus Cryptomeria: Japanese cedar; sugi


Japanese cedar: tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood


Japan cedar: tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood


sugi: tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood


Cryptomeria japonica: tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood


Juniperus: junipers


genus Juniperus: junipers


juniper: coniferous shrub or small tree with berrylike cones


juniper berry: berrylike fruit of a plant of the genus Juniperus especially the berrylike cone of the common juniper


pencil cedar: any of several junipers with wood suitable for making pencils


pencil cedar tree: any of several junipers with wood suitable for making pencils


eastern red cedar: small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in shreds, and small sharp needles


red cedar: small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in shreds, and small sharp needles


red juniper: small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in shreds, and small sharp needles


Juniperus virginiana: small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in shreds, and small sharp needles


Bermuda cedar: ornamental densely pyramidal juniper of Bermuda; fairly large for a juniper


Juniperus bermudiana: ornamental densely pyramidal juniper of Bermuda; fairly large for a juniper


east African cedar: tropical African timber tree with fragrant wood


Juniperus procera: tropical African timber tree with fragrant wood


southern red cedar: juniper of swampy coastal regions of southeastern United States; similar to eastern red cedar


Juniperus silicicola: juniper of swampy coastal regions of southeastern United States; similar to eastern red cedar


dwarf juniper: procumbent or spreading juniper


savin: procumbent or spreading juniper


Juniperus sabina: procumbent or spreading juniper


common juniper: densely branching shrub or small tree having pungent blue berries used to flavor gin; widespread in northern hemisphere; only conifer on coasts of Iceland and Greenland


Juniperus communis: densely branching shrub or small tree having pungent blue berries used to flavor gin; widespread in northern hemisphere; only conifer on coasts of Iceland and Greenland


ground cedar: a procumbent variety of the common juniper


dwarf juniper: a procumbent variety of the common juniper


Juniperus communis depressa: a procumbent variety of the common juniper


creeping juniper: low to prostrate shrub of Canada and northern United States; bronzed purple in winter


Juniperus horizontalis: low to prostrate shrub of Canada and northern United States; bronzed purple in winter


Mexican juniper: small tree of western Texas and mountains of Mexico having spreading branches with drooping branchlets


drooping juniper: small tree of western Texas and mountains of Mexico having spreading branches with drooping branchlets


Juniperus flaccida: small tree of western Texas and mountains of Mexico having spreading branches with drooping branchlets


Libocedrus: cypresses that resemble cedars


genus Libocedrus: cypresses that resemble cedars


incense cedar: any of several attractive trees of southwestern South America and New Zealand and New Caledonia having glossy evergreen leaves and scented wood


kawaka: New Zealand timber tree resembling the cypress


Libocedrus plumosa: New Zealand timber tree resembling the cypress


pahautea: evergreen tree of New Zealand resembling the kawaka


Libocedrus bidwillii: evergreen tree of New Zealand resembling the kawaka


mountain pine: evergreen tree of New Zealand resembling the kawaka


Taxodiaceae: coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems


subfamily Taxodiaceae: coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems


redwood family: coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems


genus Metasequoia: genus of deciduous conifers comprising both living and fossil forms; 1 extant species: dawn redwood of China; variously classified as member of Pinaceae or Taxodiaceae


metasequoia: large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and small globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China


dawn redwood: large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and small globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China


Metasequoia glyptostrodoides: large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and small globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China


genus Sequoia: redwoods; until recently considered a genus of a separate family Taxodiaceae


sequoia: either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae


redwood: either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae


redwood: the soft reddish wood of either of two species of sequoia trees


California redwood: lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur; it flourishes in wet, rainy, foggy habitats


coast redwood: lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur; it flourishes in wet, rainy, foggy habitats


Sequoia sempervirens: lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur; it flourishes in wet, rainy, foggy habitats


Sequoiadendron: giant sequoias; sometimes included in the genus Sequoia; until recently placed in the Taxodiaceae


genus Sequoiadendron: giant sequoias; sometimes included in the genus Sequoia; until recently placed in the Taxodiaceae


giant sequoia: extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism


big tree: extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism


Sierra redwood: extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism


Sequoiadendron giganteum: extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism


Sequoia gigantea: extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism


Sequoia Wellingtonia: extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism


Taxodium: bald cypress; swamp cypress


genus Taxodium: bald cypress; swamp cypress


bald cypress: common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms


swamp cypress: common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms


pond bald cypress: common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms


southern cypress: common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms


Taxodium distichum: common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms


pond cypress: smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum


bald cypress: smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum


Taxodium ascendens: smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum


Montezuma cypress: cypress of river valleys of Mexican highlands


Mexican swamp cypress: cypress of river valleys of Mexican highlands


Taxodium mucronatum: cypress of river valleys of Mexican highlands


Ahuehuete: Mexico's most famous tree; a giant specimen of Montezuma cypress more than 2,000 years old with a girth of 165 feet at Santa Maria del Tule


Tule tree: Mexico's most famous tree; a giant specimen of Montezuma cypress more than 2,000 years old with a girth of 165 feet at Santa Maria del Tule


Tetraclinis: sandarac tree


genus Tetraclinis: sandarac tree


sandarac: large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes


sandarac tree: large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes


Tetraclinis articulata: large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes


Callitris quadrivalvis: large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes


sandarac: a brittle and faintly aromatic translucent resin used in varnishes


sandarach: a brittle and faintly aromatic translucent resin used in varnishes


sandarac: durable fragrant wood; used in building (as in the roof of the cathedral at Cordova, Spain)


citronwood: durable fragrant wood; used in building (as in the roof of the cathedral at Cordova, Spain)


Thuja: red cedar


genus Thuja: red cedar


arborvitae: any of several Asian and North American conifers of the genera Thuja and Thujopsis


western red cedar: large valuable arborvitae of northwestern United States


red cedar: large valuable arborvitae of northwestern United States


canoe cedar: large valuable arborvitae of northwestern United States


Thuja plicata: large valuable arborvitae of northwestern United States


American arborvitae: small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened branchlets


northern white cedar: small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened branchlets


white cedar: small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened branchlets


Thuja occidentalis: small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened branchlets


Oriental arborvitae: Asiatic shrub or small tree widely planted in United States and Europe; in some classifications assigned to its own genus


Thuja orientalis: Asiatic shrub or small tree widely planted in United States and Europe; in some classifications assigned to its own genus


Platycladus orientalis: Asiatic shrub or small tree widely planted in United States and Europe; in some classifications assigned to its own genus


Thujopsis: one species; has close similarity to genus Thuja


genus Thujopsis: one species; has close similarity to genus Thuja


hiba arborvitae: slow-growing medium-large Japanese evergreen used as an ornamental


Thujopsis dolobrata: slow-growing medium-large Japanese evergreen used as an ornamental


genus Keteleeria: a genus of keteleeria


keteleeria: Asiatic conifers resembling firs


Araucariaceae: tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae


family Araucariaceae: tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae


araucaria family: tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae


Wollemi pine: newly discovered (1994) pine thought to have been long extinct; Australia; genus and species names not yet assigned


genus Araucaria: a genus of the araucaria family


araucaria: any of several tall South American or Australian trees with large cones and edible seeds


monkey puzzle: large Chilean evergreen conifer having intertwined branches and bearing edible nuts


chile pine: large Chilean evergreen conifer having intertwined branches and bearing edible nuts


Araucaria araucana: large Chilean evergreen conifer having intertwined branches and bearing edible nuts


norfolk island pine: evergreen of Australia and Norfolk Island in the South Pacific


Araucaria heterophylla: evergreen of Australia and Norfolk Island in the South Pacific


Araucaria excelsa: evergreen of Australia and Norfolk Island in the South Pacific


new caledonian pine: very tall evergreen of New Caledonia and the New Hebrides similar to norfolk island pine


Araucaria columnaris: very tall evergreen of New Caledonia and the New Hebrides similar to norfolk island pine


bunya bunya: Australian conifer bearing two-inch seeds tasting like roasted chestnuts; among the aborigines the tree is hereditary property protected by law


bunya bunya tree: Australian conifer bearing two-inch seeds tasting like roasted chestnuts; among the aborigines the tree is hereditary property protected by law


Araucaria bidwillii: Australian conifer bearing two-inch seeds tasting like roasted chestnuts; among the aborigines the tree is hereditary property protected by law


hoop pine: pine of Australia and New Guinea; yields a valuable light even-textured wood


Moreton Bay pine: pine of Australia and New Guinea; yields a valuable light even-textured wood


Araucaria cunninghamii: pine of Australia and New Guinea; yields a valuable light even-textured wood


Agathis: kauri pine


genus Agathis: kauri pine


kauri pine: any of various trees of the genus Agathis; yield dammar resin


dammar pine: any of various trees of the genus Agathis; yield dammar resin


kauri: white close-grained wood of a tree of the genus Agathis especially Agathis australis


kauri: tall timber tree of New Zealand having white straight-grained wood


kaury: tall timber tree of New Zealand having white straight-grained wood


Agathis australis: tall timber tree of New Zealand having white straight-grained wood


amboina pine: native to the Moluccas and Philippines; a source of dammar resin


amboyna pine: native to the Moluccas and Philippines; a source of dammar resin


Agathis dammara: native to the Moluccas and Philippines; a source of dammar resin


Agathis alba: native to the Moluccas and Philippines; a source of dammar resin


dundathu pine: Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight and softer


queensland kauri: Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight and softer


smooth bark kauri: Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight and softer


Agathis robusta: Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight and softer


red kauri: New Zealand tree with glossy leaves and scaly reddish-brown bark


Agathis lanceolata: New Zealand tree with glossy leaves and scaly reddish-brown bark


Cephalotaxaceae: a family of Cephalotaxaceae


family Cephalotaxaceae: a family of Cephalotaxaceae


plum-yew family: a family of Cephalotaxaceae


Cephalotaxus: the genus of Cephalotaxus (see plum-yews)


genus Cephalotaxus: the genus of Cephalotaxus (see plum-yews)


plum-yew: any of several evergreen trees and shrubs of eastern Asia resembling yew and having large seeds enclosed in a fleshy envelope; sometimes cultivated as ornamentals


Torreya: nutmeg-yews


genus Torreya: nutmeg-yews


California nutmeg: California evergreen having a fruit resembling a nutmeg but with a strong turpentine flavor


nutmeg-yew: California evergreen having a fruit resembling a nutmeg but with a strong turpentine flavor


Torreya californica: California evergreen having a fruit resembling a nutmeg but with a strong turpentine flavor


stinking cedar: rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when crushed


stinking yew: rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when crushed


Torrey tree: rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when crushed


Torreya taxifolia: rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when crushed


Phyllocladaceae: a family of Phyllocladaceae


family Phyllocladaceae: a family of Phyllocladaceae


Phyllocladus: celery pine


genus Phyllocladus: celery pine


celery pine: Australasian evergreen conifer having a graceful head of foliage resembling celery that is composed of phyllodes borne in the axils of scalelike leaves


celery top pine: medium tall celery pine of Tasmania


celery-topped pine: medium tall celery pine of Tasmania


Phyllocladus asplenifolius: medium tall celery pine of Tasmania


tanekaha: medium tall celery pine of New Zealand


Phyllocladus trichomanoides: medium tall celery pine of New Zealand


Alpine celery pine: small shrubby celery pine of New Zealand


Phyllocladus alpinus: small shrubby celery pine of New Zealand


yellowwood: any of various trees having yellowish wood or yielding a yellow extract


yellowwood tree: any of various trees having yellowish wood or yielding a yellow extract


gymnospermous yellowwood: any of various gymnospermous trees having yellow wood


angiospermous yellowwood: any of various angiospermous trees having yellow wood


yellowwood: the yellow wood of any of various yellowwood trees


Podocarpaceae: gymnosperms with simple persistent needlelike or scalelike leaves


family Podocarpaceae: gymnosperms with simple persistent needlelike or scalelike leaves


podocarpus family: gymnosperms with simple persistent needlelike or scalelike leaves


Podocarpus: evergreen trees or shrubs; sometimes classified as member of the family Taxaceae


genus Podocarpus: evergreen trees or shrubs; sometimes classified as member of the family Taxaceae


podocarp: any evergreen in the southern hemisphere of the genus Podocarpus having a pulpy fruit with one hard seed


yacca: West Indian evergreen with medium to long leaves


yacca podocarp: West Indian evergreen with medium to long leaves


Podocarpus coriaceus: West Indian evergreen with medium to long leaves


brown pine: large Australian tree with straight-grained yellow wood that turns brown on exposure


Rockingham podocarp: large Australian tree with straight-grained yellow wood that turns brown on exposure


Podocarpus elatus: large Australian tree with straight-grained yellow wood that turns brown on exposure


cape yellowwood: South African tree or shrub having a rounded crown


African yellowwood: South African tree or shrub having a rounded crown


Podocarpus elongatus: South African tree or shrub having a rounded crown


South-African yellowwood: erect or shrubby tree of Africa having ridged dark grey bark and rigid glossy medium to long leaves


Podocarpus latifolius: erect or shrubby tree of Africa having ridged dark grey bark and rigid glossy medium to long leaves


alpine totara: low wide-spreading coniferous shrub of New Zealand mountains


Podocarpus nivalis: low wide-spreading coniferous shrub of New Zealand mountains


totara: valuable timber tree of New Zealand yielding hard reddish wood used for furniture and bridges and wharves


Podocarpus totara: valuable timber tree of New Zealand yielding hard reddish wood used for furniture and bridges and wharves


Afrocarpus: dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs; equatorial to southern and southeastern Africa: yellowwood; similar to trees or genus Podocarpus


genus Afrocarpus: dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs; equatorial to southern and southeastern Africa: yellowwood; similar to trees or genus Podocarpus


common yellowwood: medium-sized tree of South Africa


bastard yellowwood: medium-sized tree of South Africa


Afrocarpus falcata: medium-sized tree of South Africa


Dacrycarpus: evergreen coniferous shrubs or trees of New Zealand to Malaysia and Philippines


genus Dacrycarpus: evergreen coniferous shrubs or trees of New Zealand to Malaysia and Philippines


kahikatea: New Zealand evergreen valued for its light easily worked wood


New Zealand Dacryberry: New Zealand evergreen valued for its light easily worked wood


New Zealand white pine: New Zealand evergreen valued for its light easily worked wood


Dacrycarpus dacrydioides: New Zealand evergreen valued for its light easily worked wood


Podocarpus dacrydioides: New Zealand evergreen valued for its light easily worked wood


Dacrydium: Australasian evergreen trees or shrubs


genus Dacrydium: Australasian evergreen trees or shrubs


rimu: tall New Zealand timber tree


imou pine: tall New Zealand timber tree


red pine: tall New Zealand timber tree


Dacrydium cupressinum: tall New Zealand timber tree


tarwood: New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes


tar-wood: New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes


Dacrydium colensoi: New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes


Falcatifolium: sickle pines: dioecious evergreen tropical trees and shrubs having sickle-shaped leaves; similar to Dacrycarpus in habit; Malaysia and Philippines to New Guinea and New Caledonia


genus Falcatifolium: sickle pines: dioecious evergreen tropical trees and shrubs having sickle-shaped leaves; similar to Dacrycarpus in habit; Malaysia and Philippines to New Guinea and New Caledonia


common sickle pine: small tropical rain forest tree of Indonesia and Malaysia


Falcatifolium falciforme: small tropical rain forest tree of Indonesia and Malaysia


yellow-leaf sickle pine: a rain forest tree or shrub of New Caledonia having a conic crown and pale green sickle-shaped leaves; host species for the rare parasite yew


Falcatifolium taxoides: a rain forest tree or shrub of New Caledonia having a conic crown and pale green sickle-shaped leaves; host species for the rare parasite yew


Halocarpus: dioecious trees or shrubs of New Zealand; similar in habit to Dacrydium


genus Halocarpus: dioecious trees or shrubs of New Zealand; similar in habit to Dacrydium


tarwood: New Zealand shrub


tar-wood: New Zealand shrub


New Zealand mountain pine: New Zealand shrub


Halocarpus bidwilli: New Zealand shrub


Dacrydium bidwilli: New Zealand shrub


Lagarostrobus: genus of dioecious evergreen trees of New Zealand and Tasmania; similar to genus Dacrydium


genus Lagarostrobus: genus of dioecious evergreen trees of New Zealand and Tasmania; similar to genus Dacrydium


westland pine: timber tree of New Zealand having shiny white wood


silver pine: timber tree of New Zealand having shiny white wood


Lagarostrobus colensoi: timber tree of New Zealand having shiny white wood


huon pine: Tasmanian timber tree with yellow aromatic wavy-grained wood used for carving and ship building; sometimes placed in genus Dacrydium


Lagarostrobus franklinii: Tasmanian timber tree with yellow aromatic wavy-grained wood used for carving and ship building; sometimes placed in genus Dacrydium


Dacrydium franklinii: Tasmanian timber tree with yellow aromatic wavy-grained wood used for carving and ship building; sometimes placed in genus Dacrydium


Lepidothamnus: small usually shrubby conifers


genus Lepidothamnus: small usually shrubby conifers


Chilean rimu: about the hardiest Podocarpaceae species; prostrate spreading shrub similar to mountain rimu; mountains of southern Chile


Lepidothamnus fonkii: about the hardiest Podocarpaceae species; prostrate spreading shrub similar to mountain rimu; mountains of southern Chile


mountain rimu: low-growing to prostrate shrub with slender trailing branches; New Zealand


Lepidothamnus laxifolius: low-growing to prostrate shrub with slender trailing branches; New Zealand


Dacridium laxifolius: low-growing to prostrate shrub with slender trailing branches; New Zealand


Microstrobos: 2 species of small evergreen shrubs of Australia and Tasmania


genus Microstrobos: 2 species of small evergreen shrubs of Australia and Tasmania


Tasman dwarf pine: small shrub or Tasmania having short stiff branches


Microstrobos niphophilus: small shrub or Tasmania having short stiff branches


Nageia: small genus of Asian evergreen trees having columnar crowns and distinguished by leaves lacking a midrib; eastern Asia including India and Philippines and New Guinea


genus Nageia: small genus of Asian evergreen trees having columnar crowns and distinguished by leaves lacking a midrib; eastern Asia including India and Philippines and New Guinea


nagi: medium-sized tree having glossy lanceolate leaves; southern China to Taiwan and southern Japan


Nageia nagi: medium-sized tree having glossy lanceolate leaves; southern China to Taiwan and southern Japan


Parasitaxus: one species: parasite yew


genus Parasitaxus: one species: parasite yew


parasite yew: rare and endangered monoecious parasitic conifer of New Caledonia; parasitic on Falcatifolium taxoides


Parasitaxus ustus: rare and endangered monoecious parasitic conifer of New Caledonia; parasitic on Falcatifolium taxoides


Prumnopitys: mostly dioecious evergreen conifers; leaves are softer than in Podocarpus


genus Prumnopitys: mostly dioecious evergreen conifers; leaves are softer than in Podocarpus


miro: New Zealand conifer used for lumber; the dark wood is used for interior carpentry


black pine: New Zealand conifer used for lumber; the dark wood is used for interior carpentry


Prumnopitys ferruginea: New Zealand conifer used for lumber; the dark wood is used for interior carpentry


Podocarpus ferruginea: New Zealand conifer used for lumber; the dark wood is used for interior carpentry


matai: conifer of Australia and New Zealand


black pine: conifer of Australia and New Zealand


Prumnopitys taxifolia: conifer of Australia and New Zealand


Podocarpus spicata: conifer of Australia and New Zealand


plum-fruited yew: South American evergreen tree or shrub


Prumnopitys andina: South American evergreen tree or shrub


Prumnopitys elegans: South American evergreen tree or shrub


Retrophyllum: small genus of tropical evergreen dioecious shrubs or trees of Oceania and tropical South America


genus Retrophyllum: small genus of tropical evergreen dioecious shrubs or trees of Oceania and tropical South America


Saxe-gothea: one species: Prince Albert's yew


Saxegothea: one species: Prince Albert's yew


genus Saxe-gothea: one species: Prince Albert's yew


genus Saxegothea: one species: Prince Albert's yew


Prince Albert yew: small yew having attractive foliage and partially weeping branches cultivated as an ornamental; mountains of southern Chile


Prince Albert's yew: small yew having attractive foliage and partially weeping branches cultivated as an ornamental; mountains of southern Chile


Saxe-gothea conspicua: small yew having attractive foliage and partially weeping branches cultivated as an ornamental; mountains of southern Chile


Sundacarpus: one species


genus Sundacarpus: one species


Sundacarpus amara: a large fast-growing monoecious tropical evergreen tree having large glossy lanceolate leaves; of rain forests of Sumatra and Philippines to northern Queensland


Prumnopitys amara: a large fast-growing monoecious tropical evergreen tree having large glossy lanceolate leaves; of rain forests of Sumatra and Philippines to northern Queensland


Podocarpus amara: a large fast-growing monoecious tropical evergreen tree having large glossy lanceolate leaves; of rain forests of Sumatra and Philippines to northern Queensland


Sciadopityaceae: family comprising a single genus that until recently was considered part of Taxodiaceae


family Sciadopityaceae: family comprising a single genus that until recently was considered part of Taxodiaceae


Sciadopitys: type and sole genus of Sciadopityaceae; Japanese umbrella pines


genus Sciadopitys: type and sole genus of Sciadopityaceae; Japanese umbrella pines


Japanese umbrella pine: tall evergreen having a symmetrical spreading crown and needles growing in whorls that resemble umbrellas at ends of twigs


Sciadopitys verticillata: tall evergreen having a symmetrical spreading crown and needles growing in whorls that resemble umbrellas at ends of twigs


Taxopsida: yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


class Taxopsida: yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


Taxophytina: yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


subdivision Taxophytina: yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


Taxales: coextensive with the family Taxaceae: yews


order Taxales: coextensive with the family Taxaceae: yews


Taxaceae: sometimes classified as member of order Taxales


family Taxaceae: sometimes classified as member of order Taxales


yew family: sometimes classified as member of order Taxales


Taxus: yews


genus Taxus: yews


yew: any of numerous evergreen trees or shrubs having red cup-shaped berries and flattened needlelike leaves


yew: wood of a yew; especially the durable fine-grained light brown or red wood of the English yew valued for cabinetwork and archery bows


Old World yew: predominant yew in Europe; extraordinarily long-lived and slow growing; one of the oldest species in the world


English yew: predominant yew in Europe; extraordinarily long-lived and slow growing; one of the oldest species in the world


Taxus baccata: predominant yew in Europe; extraordinarily long-lived and slow growing; one of the oldest species in the world


Pacific yew: small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North America; yields fine hard close-grained wood


California yew: small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North America; yields fine hard close-grained wood


western yew: small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North America; yields fine hard close-grained wood


Taxus brevifolia: small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North America; yields fine hard close-grained wood


Japanese yew: shrubby hardy evergreen of China and Japan having lustrous dark green foliage; cultivated in the eastern United States


Taxus cuspidata: shrubby hardy evergreen of China and Japan having lustrous dark green foliage; cultivated in the eastern United States


Florida yew: small bushy yew of northern Florida having spreading branches and very narrow leaves


Taxus floridana: small bushy yew of northern Florida having spreading branches and very narrow leaves


Austrotaxus: a gymnosperm genus having one species: New Caledonian yew


genus Austrotaxus: a gymnosperm genus having one species: New Caledonian yew


New Caledonian yew: large yew native to New Caledonia; cultivated in eastern Australia and New Zealand and Hawaii


Austrotaxus spicata: large yew native to New Caledonia; cultivated in eastern Australia and New Zealand and Hawaii


Pseudotaxus: one species


genus Pseudotaxus: one species


white-berry yew: yew of southeastern China, differing from the Old World yew in having white berries


Pseudotaxus chienii: yew of southeastern China, differing from the Old World yew in having white berries


Ginkgopsida: ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


class Ginkgopsida: ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


Ginkgophytina: ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


class Ginkgophytina: ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


subdivision Ginkgophytina: ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


subdivision Ginkgophyta: ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


Ginkgoales: coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales


order Ginkgoales: coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales


Ginkgoaceae: constituting the order Ginkgoales; includes the genus Ginkgo and extinct forms


family Ginkgoaceae: constituting the order Ginkgoales; includes the genus Ginkgo and extinct forms


ginkgo family: constituting the order Ginkgoales; includes the genus Ginkgo and extinct forms


genus Ginkgo: sole surviving genus of the Ginkgoaceae


ginkgo: deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree


gingko: deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree


maidenhair tree: deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree


Ginkgo biloba: deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree


Pteropsida: used in former classifications to include all ferns and flowering plants and divided into the three classes Filicinae and Gymnospermae and Angiospermae


subdivision Pteropsida: used in former classifications to include all ferns and flowering plants and divided into the three classes Filicinae and Gymnospermae and Angiospermae


Angiospermae: comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)


class Angiospermae: comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)


Magnoliophyta: comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)


division Magnoliophyta: comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)


Anthophyta: comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)


division Anthophyta: comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)


angiosperm: plants having seeds in a closed ovary


flowering plant: plants having seeds in a closed ovary


angiocarp: tree bearing fruit enclosed in a shell or involucre or husk


Dicotyledones: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae


class Dicotyledones: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae


Dicotyledonae: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae


class Dicotyledonae: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae


Magnoliopsida: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae


class Magnoliopsida: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae


dicot: flowering plant with two cotyledons; the stem grows by deposit on its outside


dicotyledon: flowering plant with two cotyledons; the stem grows by deposit on its outside


magnoliopsid: flowering plant with two cotyledons; the stem grows by deposit on its outside


exogen: flowering plant with two cotyledons; the stem grows by deposit on its outside


Magnoliidae: a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder


subclass Magnoliidae: a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder


ranalian complex: a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder


Monocotyledones: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae


class Monocotyledones: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae


Monocotyledonae: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae


class Monocotyledonae: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae


Liliopsida: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae


class Liliopsida: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae


monocot: a monocotyledonous flowering plant; the stem grows by deposits on its inside


monocotyledon: a monocotyledonous flowering plant; the stem grows by deposits on its inside


liliopsid: a monocotyledonous flowering plant; the stem grows by deposits on its inside


endogen: a monocotyledonous flowering plant; the stem grows by deposits on its inside


Alismatidae: one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semiaquatic herbs


subclass Alismatidae: one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semiaquatic herbs


Arecidae: one of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae and Lemnaceae


subclass Arecidae: one of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae and Lemnaceae


Commelinidae: one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae


subclass Commelinidae: one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae


flower: reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts


bloom: reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts


blossom: reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts


floret: a diminutive flower (especially one that is part of a composite flower)


floweret: a diminutive flower (especially one that is part of a composite flower)


flower: a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms


bloomer: a flower that blooms in a particular way


wildflower: wild or uncultivated flowering plant


wild flower: wild or uncultivated flowering plant


apetalous flower: flower having no petals


flower head: a shortened compact cluster of flowers so arranged that the whole gives the effect of a single flower as in clover or members of the family Compositae


inflorescence: the flowering part of a plant or arrangement of flowers on a stalk


ray flower: small flower with a flat strap-shaped corolla usually occupying the peripheral rings of a composite flower


ray floret: small flower with a flat strap-shaped corolla usually occupying the peripheral rings of a composite flower


catkin: a cylindrical spikelike inflorescence


ament: a cylindrical spikelike inflorescence


bud: a partially opened flower


rosebud: the bud of a rose


stamen: the male reproductive organ of a flower


anther: the part of the stamen that contains pollen; usually borne on a stalk


gynostegium: the crown of the stamen in plants of the genus Asclepias


pollen: the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant


pollinium: a coherent mass of pollen grains (as in orchids)


reproductive structure: the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction


pistil: the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma


gynobase: the enlarged receptacle in which the pistil is borne


gynophore: the stalk of a pistil that raises it above the receptacle


simple pistil: consists of one carpel


compound pistil: consists of two or more fused carpels


pistillode: a sterile vestigial pistil remaining in a staminate flower


style: (botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma


stylopodium: an enlargement at the base of the style in some Umbelliferae


stigma: the apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil


carpel: a simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil


carpophore: a slender stalk that furnishes an axis for a carpel


cornstalk: the stalk of a corn plant


corn stalk: the stalk of a corn plant


filament: the stalk of a stamen


funicle: the stalk of a plant ovule or seed


funiculus: the stalk of a plant ovule or seed


petiolule: the stalk of a leaflet


mericarp: a carpel with one seed; one of a pair split apart at maturity


hilum: the scar on certain seeds marking its point of attachment to the funicle


ovary: the organ that bears the ovules of a flower


ovule: a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization


chalaza: basal part of a plant ovule opposite the micropyle; where integument and nucellus are joined


nucellus: central part of a plant ovule; contains the embryo sac


micropyle: minute opening in the wall of an ovule through which the pollen tube enters


amphitropous ovule: a partly inverted ovule turned back 90 degrees on its stalk


anatropous ovule: a completely inverted ovule turned back 180 degrees on its stalk


campylotropous ovule: a curved ovule with the micropyle almost touching the funiculus


orthotropous ovule: a completely straight ovule with the micropyle at the apex


stoma: a minute epidermal pore in a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor can pass


stomate: a minute epidermal pore in a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor can pass


pore: a minute epidermal pore in a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor can pass


germ pore: a pore in the outer wall of a spore or pollen grain through which the germ tube or pollen tube makes its exit on germination


germ tube: (botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a spore in germination


pollen tube: (botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma for a flower; it penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule


placenta: that part of the ovary of a flowering plant where the ovules form


placentation: arrangement of the ovules in the placenta and of the placentas in the ovary


apical placentation: where one or few ovules develop at the top of a simple or compound ovary


axile placentation: ovules are borne at or around the center of a compound ovary on an axis formed from joined septa


basal placentation: where one or few ovules develop at the base of a simple or compound ovary


free central placentation: where ovules develop on a central column in a compound ovary lacking septa or with septa at base only


lamellate placentation: with ovules on thin extensions of the placentae into a compound ovary


marginal placentation: with ovules borne on the wall along the ventral suture of a simple ovary


ventral placentation: with ovules borne on the wall along the ventral suture of a simple ovary


parietal placentation: where ovules develop on the wall or slight outgrowths of the wall forming broken partitions within a compound ovary


testa: protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants


episperm: protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants


seed coat: protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants


endosperm: nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo within seeds of flowering plants


gemma: small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual


cone: cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts


strobilus: cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts


strobile: cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts


fir cone: the seed-producing cone of a fir tree


galbulus: the seed-producing cone of a cypress tree


pinecone: the seed-producing cone of a pine tree


septum: a partition or wall especially in an ovary


shell: the hard usually fibrous outer layer of some fruits especially nuts


nutshell: the shell around the kernel of a nut


nectary: a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar


honey gland: a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar


seed: a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa


pericarp: the ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary


seed vessel: the ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary


epicarp: outermost layer of the pericarp of fruits as the skin of a peach or grape


exocarp: outermost layer of the pericarp of fruits as the skin of a peach or grape


mesocarp: the middle layer of a pericarp


stone: the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed


pit: the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed


endocarp: the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed


pip: a small hard seed found in some fruits


capsule: a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses


bilocular capsule: a capsule divided into two cells or compartments


boll: the rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or flax plant


silique: narrow elongated seed capsule peculiar to the family Cruciferae


siliqua: narrow elongated seed capsule peculiar to the family Cruciferae


silicle: short broad silique occurring in some cruciferous plants


peristome: (botany) fringe of toothlike appendages surrounding the mouth of a moss capsule


haustorium: a root-like attachment in parasitic plants that penetrates and obtains food from the host


cataphyll: a reduced or scarcely developed leaf at the start of a plant's life (i.e., cotyledons) or in the early stages of leaf development


cotyledon: embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants


seed leaf: embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants


embryo: (botany) a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium


perisperm: the nutritive tissue outside the sac containing the embryo in some seeds


monocarp: a plant that bears fruit once and dies


monocarpic plant: a plant that bears fruit once and dies


monocarpous plant: a plant that bears fruit once and dies


sporophyte: the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations


gametophyte: the gamete-bearing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations


megagametophyte: the female gametophyte produced by the megaspore of a plant that produces both microspore and megaspores


megasporangium: a plant structure that produces megaspores


macrosporangium: a plant structure that produces megaspores


megasporophyll: in non-flowering plants, a sporophyll that bears only megasporangia


microgametophyte: the male gametophyte produced by a microspore


microspore: smaller of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in the pollen sac into a male gametophyte


microsporangium: a plant structure that produces microspores


microsporophyll: in non-flowering plants, a sporophyll that bears only microsporangia


megaspore: larger of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in ovule into a female gametophyte


macrospore: larger of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in ovule into a female gametophyte


archespore: primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops


archesporium: primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops


daughter cell: a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell


mother cell: cell from which another cell of an organism (usually of a different sort) develops


spore mother cell: cell from which a spore develops


archegonium: a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms


bonduc nut: hard shiny grey seed of a bonduc tree; used for making e.g. jewelry


nicker nut: hard shiny grey seed of a bonduc tree; used for making e.g. jewelry


nicker seed: hard shiny grey seed of a bonduc tree; used for making e.g. jewelry


Job's tears: hard pearly seeds of an Asiatic grass; often used as beads


oilseed: any of several seeds that yield oil


oil-rich seed: any of several seeds that yield oil


castor bean: the toxic seed of the castor-oil plant; source of castor oil


cottonseed: seed of cotton plants; source of cottonseed oil


candlenut: seed of candlenut tree; source of soil used in varnishes