hurry: the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner


rush: the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner


rushing: the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner


dash: the act of moving with great haste


bolt: the act of moving with great haste


scamper: rushing about hastily in an undignified way


scramble: rushing about hastily in an undignified way


scurry: rushing about hastily in an undignified way


maneuver: a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill


manoeuvre: a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill


play: a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill


takeaway: the act of taking the ball or puck away from the team on the offense (as by the interception of a pass)


figure: a predetermined set of movements in dancing or skating


figure eight: a skating figure that carves an 8 in the ice


spread eagle: a skating figure executed with the skates heel to heel in a straight line


completion: (American football) a successful forward pass in football


pass completion: (American football) a successful forward pass in football


play: a preset plan of action in team sports


ball hawking: a skillful maneuver in catching balls or in stealing the ball from the opposing team


assist: (sports) the act of enabling another player to make a good play


icing: (ice hockey) the act of shooting the puck from within your own defensive area the length of the rink beyond the opponent's goal


icing the puck: (ice hockey) the act of shooting the puck from within your own defensive area the length of the rink beyond the opponent's goal


power play: (ice hockey) a play in which one team has a numerical advantage over the other as a result of penalties


football play: (American football) a play by the offensive team


run: (American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team


running: (American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team


running play: (American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team


running game: (American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team


draw: (American football) the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage


draw play: (American football) the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage


end run: (American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running around the end of the line


sweep: (American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running around the end of the line


return: (American football) the act of running back the ball after a kickoff or punt or interception or fumble


reverse: (American football) a running play in which a back running in one direction hands the ball to a back running in the opposite direction


double reverse: (American football) a running play in which a first reverse is followed by a second reverse


rush: (American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line


rushing: (American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line


pass: (American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate


passing play: (American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate


passing game: (American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate


passing: (American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate


power play: a play in which there is a concentration of players in one location on the field of play


handoff: (American football) a play in which one player hands the ball to a teammate


forward pass: a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer


aerial: a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer


flare pass: a short forward pass to a back who is running toward the sidelines


flare: a short forward pass to a back who is running toward the sidelines


screen pass: a short forward pass in which the receiver is protected by a screen of blockers


lateral pass: a pass to a receiver upfield from the passer


lateral: a pass to a receiver upfield from the passer


spot pass: a pass to a designated spot on the field; the receiver should arrive at that spot the same time the ball does


tackle: (American football) grasping an opposing player with the intention of stopping by throwing to the ground


jugglery: the performance of a juggler


obstruction: getting in someone's way


blocking: the act of obstructing or deflecting someone's movements


block: the act of obstructing or deflecting someone's movements


interference: (American football) blocking a player's path with your body


trap block: (American football) an illegal block


check: obstructing an opponent in ice hockey


crosscheck: an illegal check (chopping at an opponent's arms or stick)


poke check: knocking the puck away by jabbing at it with the hockey stick


razzle-dazzle: any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent


razzle: any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent


razzmatazz: any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent


razmataz: any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent


basketball play: a play executed by a basketball team


pick: a basketball maneuver; obstructing an opponent with one's body


switch: a basketball maneuver; two defensive players shift assignments so that each guards the player usually guarded by the other


give-and-go: a basketball maneuver; one offensive player passes the ball to another, then runs toward the basket to take a return pass


baseball play: (baseball) a play executed by a baseball team


double play: the act of getting two players out on one play


triple play: the act of getting three players out on one play


pick-off: a baseball play in which a base runner is caught off base and tagged out


squeeze play: a baseball play in which a runner on third base tries to score as the batter bunts the pitch


suicide squeeze play: the runner on third base starts home as the pitcher delivers the ball


suicide squeeze: the runner on third base starts home as the pitcher delivers the ball


safety squeeze play: the runner on third base waits to start home until the batter has bunted successfully


safety squeeze: the runner on third base waits to start home until the batter has bunted successfully


footwork: the manner of using the feet


stroke: (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand


shot: (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand


cut: (sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball


undercut: (sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball


swipe: a sweeping stroke or blow


tennis stroke: the act of hitting a tennis ball with a tennis racket


tennis shot: the act of hitting a tennis ball with a tennis racket


return: a tennis stroke that sends the ball back to the other player


backhand: a return made with the back of the hand facing the direction of the stroke


backhand stroke: a return made with the back of the hand facing the direction of the stroke


backhand shot: a return made with the back of the hand facing the direction of the stroke


chop: a tennis return made with a downward motion that puts backspin on the ball


chop shot: a tennis return made with a downward motion that puts backspin on the ball


drive: (sports) a hard straight return (as in tennis or squash)


drop shot: a soft return so that the tennis ball drops abruptly after crossing the net


dink: a soft return so that the tennis ball drops abruptly after crossing the net


forehand: (sports) a return made with the palm of the hand facing the direction of the stroke (as in tennis or badminton or squash)


forehand stroke: (sports) a return made with the palm of the hand facing the direction of the stroke (as in tennis or badminton or squash)


forehand shot: (sports) a return made with the palm of the hand facing the direction of the stroke (as in tennis or badminton or squash)


forehand drive: (sports) hard straight return made on the forehand side (as in tennis or badminton or squash)


get: a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent


backhand drive: a hard straight return made on the backhand side


two-handed backhand: a backhand shot made holding the racquet in both hands


ground stroke: a tennis return made by hitting the ball after it has bounced once


serve: (sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play


service: (sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play


ace: a serve that the receiver is unable to reach


fault: (sports) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area)


let: a serve that strikes the net before falling into the receiver's court; the ball must be served again


net ball: a serve that strikes the net before falling into the receiver's court; the ball must be served again


half volley: a tennis return made by hitting the ball immediately after it bounces


lob: an easy return of a tennis ball in a high arc


overhead: a hard return hitting the tennis ball above your head


smash: a hard return hitting the tennis ball above your head


passing shot: a tennis return that passes an opponent who has approached the net


volley: a tennis return made by hitting the ball before it bounces


stroke: any one of the repeated movements of the limbs and body used for locomotion in swimming or rowing


swimming stroke: a method of moving the arms and legs to push against the water and propel the swimmer forward


crawl: a swimming stroke; arms are moved alternately overhead accompanied by a flutter kick


front crawl: a swimming stroke; arms are moved alternately overhead accompanied by a flutter kick


Australian crawl: a swimming stroke; arms are moved alternately overhead accompanied by a flutter kick


dog paddle: an elementary swimming stroke imitating a swimming dog


sidestroke: a swimming stroke in which the arms move forward and backward while the legs do a scissors kick


butterfly: a swimming stroke in which the arms are thrown forward together out of the water while the feet kick up and down


butterfly stroke: a swimming stroke in which the arms are thrown forward together out of the water while the feet kick up and down


breaststroke: a swimming stroke; the arms are extended together in front of the head and swept back on either side accompanied by a frog kick


backstroke: a swimming stroke that resembles the crawl except the swimmer lies on his or her back


baseball swing: in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball


swing: in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball


cut: in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball


golf stroke: the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it


golf shot: the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it


swing: the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it


downswing: a swing downward of a golf club


slice: a golf shot that curves to the right for a right-handed golfer


fade: a golf shot that curves to the right for a right-handed golfer


slicing: a golf shot that curves to the right for a right-handed golfer


hook: a golf shot that curves to the left for a right-handed golfer


draw: a golf shot that curves to the left for a right-handed golfer


hooking: a golf shot that curves to the left for a right-handed golfer


drive: hitting a golf ball off of a tee with a driver


driving: hitting a golf ball off of a tee with a driver


explosion: a golf shot from a bunker that typically moves sand as well as the golf ball


putt: hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter


putting: hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter


clock golf: a form of golf in which you putt from positions arranged on the circumference of a circle around the hole


approach: a relatively short golf shot intended to put the ball onto the putting green


approach shot: a relatively short golf shot intended to put the ball onto the putting green


chip: (golf) a low running approach shot


chip shot: (golf) a low running approach shot


pitch: a high approach shot in golf


pitch shot: a high approach shot in golf


sclaff: a poor golf stroke in which the club head hits the ground before hitting the ball


shank: a poor golf stroke in which the heel of the club hits the ball


teeoff: the act of hitting a golf ball from the teeing ground at the start of each hole


swimming kick: a movement of the legs in swimming


flutter kick: a swimming kick; the legs are moved rapidly up and down without bending the knees


frog kick: a swimming kick; knees are drawn upward and outward so the legs can be brought together when fully extended


dolphin kick: a swimming kick; an up and down kick of the feet together


scissors kick: a kick used in the sidestroke; legs are brought together in a scissoring motion


thrash: a swimming kick used while treading water


treading water: a stroke that keeps the head above water by thrashing the legs and arms


cinch: any undertaking that is easy to do


breeze: any undertaking that is easy to do


picnic: any undertaking that is easy to do


snap: any undertaking that is easy to do


duck soup: any undertaking that is easy to do


child's play: any undertaking that is easy to do


pushover: any undertaking that is easy to do


walkover: any undertaking that is easy to do


piece of cake: any undertaking that is easy to do


doddle: an easy task


work: activity directed toward making or doing something


action: the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field


job: a damaging piece of work


job: the performance of a piece of work


operation: a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work


procedure: a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work


works: performance of moral or religious acts


deeds: performance of moral or religious acts


service: work done by one person or group that benefits another


consulting service: service provided by a professional advisor (e.g., a lawyer or doctor or CPA etc.)


advisory service: a consulting service in which a CPA develops findings and conclusions and recommendations that are presented to the client for consideration and decision making


attestation service: a consulting service in which a CPA expresses a conclusion about the reliability of a written statement that is the responsibility of someone else


attestation report: a consulting service in which a CPA expresses a conclusion about the reliability of a written statement that is the responsibility of someone else


financial audit: an attestation that the client's financial statement is accurate


facility: a service that an organization or a piece of equipment offers you


laundering: washing clothes and bed linens


shining: the work of making something smooth and shiny by rubbing or waxing it


polishing: the work of making something smooth and shiny by rubbing or waxing it


shoeshine: the act of shining shoes


national service: compulsory service in the military during peacetime


utility: the service (electric power or water or transportation) provided by a public utility


service: (law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him


socage: land tenure by agricultural service or payment of rent; not burdened with military service


military service: land tenure by service in the lord's army


knight's service: land tenure by service to the lord as a knight


heavy lifting: difficult work


housecleaning: the act of cleaning the rooms and furnishings of a house


housecleaning: (figurative) the act of reforming by the removal of unwanted personnel or practices or conditions


housewifery: the work of a housewife


housework: the work of cleaning and running a house


housekeeping: the work of cleaning and running a house


ironing: the work of using heat to smooth washed clothes in order to remove any wrinkles


workload: work that a person is expected to do in a specified time


work load: work that a person is expected to do in a specified time


case load: the number of cases handled in a given period of time (as by a court or agency)


piecework: work paid for according to the quantity produced


busywork: active work of little value


make-work: active work of little value


logging: the work of cutting down trees for timber


loose end: work that is left incomplete


unfinished business: work that is left incomplete


nightwork: work to be done at night


paperwork: work that involves handling papers: forms or letters or reports etc.


welfare work: an organized activity to improve the condition of disadvantaged people in society


social service: an organized activity to improve the condition of disadvantaged people in society


occupation: the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money


business: the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money


job: the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money


line of work: the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money


line: the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money


occupation: any activity that occupies a person's attention


game: your occupation or line of work


biz: your occupation or line of work


career: the particular occupation for which you are trained


calling: the particular occupation for which you are trained


vocation: the particular occupation for which you are trained


specialization: the special line of work you have adopted as your career


specialisation: the special line of work you have adopted as your career


specialty: the special line of work you have adopted as your career


speciality: the special line of work you have adopted as your career


specialism: the special line of work you have adopted as your career


specialization: the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose


specialisation: the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose


spiritualization: the act of making something spiritual; infusing it with spiritual content


spiritualisation: the act of making something spiritual; infusing it with spiritual content


lifework: the principal work of your career


walk of life: careers in general


walk: careers in general


employment: the occupation for which you are paid


work: the occupation for which you are paid


job: the responsibility to do something


service: employment in or work for another


telecommuting: employment at home while communicating with the workplace by phone or fax or modem


teleworking: employment at home while communicating with the workplace by phone or fax or modem


services: performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others


facility: something designed and created to serve a particular function and to afford a particular convenience or service


public service: employment within a government system (especially in the civil service)


minister: the job of a head of a government department


cabinet minister: the job of a senior minister who is a member of the cabinet


appointment: the job to which you are (or hope to be) appointed


position: a job in an organization


post: a job in an organization


berth: a job in an organization


office: a job in an organization


spot: a job in an organization


billet: a job in an organization


place: a job in an organization


situation: a job in an organization


academicianship: the position of member of an honorary academy


accountantship: the position of accountant


admiralty: the office of admiral


ambassadorship: the post of ambassador


apostleship: the position of apostle


apprenticeship: the position of apprentice


associateship: the position of associate (as in an office or academy)


attorneyship: the position of attorney


bailiffship: the office of bailiff


baronetage: the state of a baronet


bishopry: the office and dignity of a bishop


episcopate: the office and dignity of a bishop


cadetship: the position of cadet


caliphate: the office of a caliph


captainship: the post of captain


captaincy: the post of captain


cardinalship: the office of cardinal


chairmanship: the position of chairman


chancellorship: the office of chancellor


chaplaincy: the position of chaplain


chaplainship: the position of chaplain


chieftaincy: the position of chieftain


chieftainship: the position of chieftain


clerkship: the job of clerk


commandership: the position or office of commander


commandery: the position or office of commander


comptrollership: the position of comptroller


consulship: the post of consul


controllership: the position of controller


councillorship: the position of council member


councilorship: the position of council member


counselorship: the position of counselor


counsellorship: the position of counselor


curacy: the position of a curate


curatorship: the position of curator


custodianship: the position of custodian


deanship: the position or office of a dean


deanery: the position or office of a dean


directorship: the position of a director of a business concern


discipleship: the position of disciple


editorship: the position of editor


eldership: the office of elder


emirate: the office of an emir


fatherhood: the status of a father


fatherhood: the status of a religious leader


foremanship: the position of foreman


generalship: the office and authority of a general


generalcy: the office and authority of a general


governorship: the office of governor


headmastership: the position of headmaster


headmistressship: the position of headmistress


headship: the position of head


headship: the position of headmaster or headmistress


hot seat: a difficult position where you are subjected to stress and criticism


incumbency: the office of an incumbent


inspectorship: the office of inspector


instructorship: the position of instructor


internship: the position of a medical intern


judgeship: the position of judge


judicature: the position of judge


khanate: the position of a khan


lectureship: the post of lecturer


legation: the post or office of legate


legateship: the post or office of legate


legislatorship: the office of legislator


librarianship: the position of librarian


lieutenancy: the position of a lieutenant


magistracy: the position of magistrate


magistrature: the position of magistrate


managership: the position of manager


manhood: the status of being a man


marshalship: the post of marshall


mastership: the position of master


mayoralty: the position of mayor


messiahship: the position of messiah


moderatorship: the position of moderator


overlordship: the position of overlord


pastorship: the position of pastor


pastorate: the position of pastor


peasanthood: the state of being a peasant


plum: a highly desirable position or assignment


praetorship: the office of praetor


precentorship: the position of precentor


preceptorship: the position of preceptor


prefecture: the office of prefect


prelacy: the office or station of a prelate


prelature: the office or station of a prelate


premiership: the office of premier


presidency: the office and function of president


presidentship: the office and function of president


President of the United States: the office of the United States head of state


President: the office of the United States head of state


Chief Executive: the office of the United States head of state


primateship: the office of primate


principalship: the post of principal


priorship: the office of prior


proconsulship: the position of proconsul


proconsulate: the position of proconsul


proctorship: the position of proctor


professorship: the position of professor


chair: the position of professor


protectorship: the position of protector


public office: a position concerning the people as a whole


bully pulpit: a public office of sufficiently high rank that it provides the holder with an opportunity to speak out and be listened to on any matter


rabbinate: the office or function of a rabbi


receivership: the office of a receiver


rectorship: the office or station of a rector


rectorate: the office or station of a rector


regency: the office of a regent


residency: the position of physician who is receiving special training in a hospital (usually after completing an internship)


rulership: the position of ruler


sainthood: the status and dignity of a saint


secretaryship: the position of secretary


Attorney General: the position of the head of the Justice Department and the chief law enforcement officer of the United States


Attorney General of the United States: the position of the head of the Justice Department and the chief law enforcement officer of the United States


Secretary of Agriculture: the position of the head of the Department of Agriculture


Agriculture Secretary: the position of the head of the Department of Agriculture


Secretary of Commerce: the position of the head of the Department of Commerce


Commerce Secretary: the position of the head of the Department of Commerce


Secretary of Defense: the position of the head of the Department of Defense


Defense Secretary: the position of the head of the Department of Defense


Secretary of Education: the position of the head of the Education Department


Education Secretary: the position of the head of the Education Department


Secretary of Energy: the position of the head of the Department of Energy


Energy Secretary: the position of the head of the Department of Energy


Secretary of Health and Human Services: the position of the head of the Department of Health and Human Services


Secretary of Housing and Urban Development: the position of the head of the Department of Housing and Urban Development


Secretary of Labor: the position of the head of the Department of Labor


Labor Secretary: the position of the head of the Department of Labor


Secretary of State: the position of the head of the State Department


Secretary of the Interior: the position of the head of the Department of the Interior


Interior Secretary: the position of the head of the Department of the Interior


Secretary of the Treasury: the position of the head of the Treasury Department


Treasury Secretary: the position of the head of the Treasury Department


Secretary of Transportation: the position of the head of the Department of Transportation


Transportation Secretary: the position of the head of the Department of Transportation


Secretary of Veterans Affairs: the position of the head of the Department of Veterans Affairs


Secretary of War: head of a former executive department; combined with the Navy Secretary to form the Defense Secretary in 1947


War Secretary: head of a former executive department; combined with the Navy Secretary to form the Defense Secretary in 1947


Secretary of the Navy: head of a former executive department; combined with the War Secretary to form the Defense Secretary in 1947


Navy Secretary: head of a former executive department; combined with the War Secretary to form the Defense Secretary in 1947


Secretary of Commerce and Labor: head of a former executive department created in 1903 and divided into two departments in 1913


Secretary of Health Education and Welfare: head of a former executive department created in 1953 and divided into two departments in 1979


seigniory: the position and authority of a feudal lord


seigneury: the position and authority of a feudal lord


feudal lordship: the position and authority of a feudal lord


seismography: the measurement of tremors and shocks and undulatory movements of earthquakes


senatorship: the office of senator


sinecure: an office that involves minimal duties


solicitorship: the position of solicitor


speakership: the position of Speaker


stewardship: the position of steward


studentship: the position of student


teachership: the position of teacher


thaneship: the position of thane


throne: the position and power of an exalted person (a sovereign or bishop) who is entitled to sit in a chair of state on ceremonial occasions


treasurership: the position of treasurer


tribuneship: the position of tribune


trusteeship: the position of trustee


vice-presidency: the office and function of a vice president


viceroyship: the position of viceroy


viziership: the position of vizier


wardenship: the position of warden


wardership: the position of warder


womanhood: the status of a woman


treadmill: a job involving drudgery and confinement


salt mine: a job involving drudgery and confinement


business life: a career in industrial or commercial or professional activities


professional life: a career in industrial or commercial or professional activities


trade: the skilled practice of a practical occupation


craft: the skilled practice of a practical occupation


airplane mechanics: the craft of building and repairing airplanes


auto mechanics: the craft of building and repairing automobiles


basketry: the craft of basket making


bookbinding: the craft of binding books


bricklaying: the craft of laying bricks


cabinetwork: the craft of making furniture (especially furniture of high quality)


cabinetry: the craft of making furniture (especially furniture of high quality)


carpentry: the craft of a carpenter: making things out of wood


woodworking: the craft of a carpenter: making things out of wood


woodwork: the craft of a carpenter: making things out of wood


drafting: the craft of drawing blueprints


mechanical drawing: the craft of drawing blueprints


dressmaking: the craft of making dresses


electrical work: the craft of an electrician


interior decoration: the trade of planning the layout and furnishings of an architectural interior


interior design: the trade of planning the layout and furnishings of an architectural interior


furnishing: the act of decorating a house or room


lighting: the craft of providing artificial light


lumbering: the trade of cutting or preparing or selling timber


masonry: the craft of a mason


oculism: the craft of an oculist


painting: the occupation of a house painter


house painting: the occupation of a house painter


papermaking: the craft of making paper


piloting: the occupation of a pilot


pilotage: the occupation of a pilot


plumbing: the occupation of a plumber (installing and repairing pipes and fixtures for water or gas or sewage in a building)


plumbery: the occupation of a plumber (installing and repairing pipes and fixtures for water or gas or sewage in a building)


pottery: the craft of making earthenware


profession: an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)


metier: an occupation for which you are especially well suited


medium: an occupation for which you are especially well suited


learned profession: one of the three professions traditionally believed to require advanced learning and high principles


literature: the profession or art of a writer


architecture: the profession of designing buildings and environments with consideration for their esthetic effect


law: the learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system


practice of law: the learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system


education: the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)


journalism: the profession of reporting or photographing or editing news stories for one of the media


newspapering: journalism practiced for the newspapers


politics: the profession devoted to governing and to political affairs


medicine: the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries


practice of medicine: the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries


preventive medicine: the branch of medicine concerned with preventing disease


alternative medicine: the practice of medicine without the use of drugs; may involve herbal medicines or self-awareness or biofeedback or acupuncture


herbal medicine: the use of medicinal herbs to prevent or treat disease or promote health


complementary medicine: the practice of medicine that combines traditional medicine with alternative medicine


theology: the learned profession acquired by specialized courses in religion (usually taught at a college or seminary)


writing: the activity of putting something in written form


committal to writing: the activity of putting something in written form


cryptography: act of writing in code or cipher


coding: act of writing in code or cipher


secret writing: act of writing in code or cipher


steganography: act of writing in code or cipher


handwriting: the activity of writing by hand


inscription: the activity of inscribing (especially carving or engraving) letters or words


notation: the activity of representing something by a special system of marks or characters


superscription: the activity of superscribing


stenography: the act or art of writing in shorthand


subscription: the act of signing your name; writing your signature (as on a document)


encoding: the activity of converting data or information into code


encryption: the activity of converting data or information into code


compression: encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required


image compression: the compression of graphics for storage or transmission


MPEG: a set of standards adopted by the moving pictures experts group for the compression of digital video and audio data or a file of data compressed according to those standards


decompression: restoring compressed information to its normal form for use or display


data encryption: (computer science) the encryption of data for security purposes


recoding: converting from one code to another


decoding: the activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text


decryption: the activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text


decipherment: the activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text


triangulation: a method of surveying; the area is divided into triangles and the length of one side and its angles with the other two are measured, then the lengths of the other sides can be calculated


cabinetmaking: the craft of a joiner


joinery: the craft of a joiner


pyrotechnics: the craft of making fireworks


pyrotechny: the craft of making fireworks


shoemaking: the shoemaker's trade


shoe repairing: the shoemaker's trade


cobbling: the shoemaker's trade


roofing: the craft of a roofer


sheet-metal work: the craft of doing sheet metal work (as in ventilation systems)


shingling: the laying on of shingles


tailoring: the occupation of a tailor


tool-and-die work: the craft of making special tools and dies


couture: high fashion designing and dressmaking


accountancy: the occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a business


accounting: the occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a business


cost accounting: keeping account of the costs of items in production


costing: cost accounting


bookkeeping: the activity of recording business transactions


clerking: the activity of recording business transactions


single entry: a simple bookkeeping system; transactions are entered in only one account


single-entry bookkeeping: a simple bookkeeping system; transactions are entered in only one account


double entry: bookkeeper debits the transaction to one account and credits it to another


double-entry bookkeeping: bookkeeper debits the transaction to one account and credits it to another


inventory accounting: accounting that controls and evaluates inventory


inventory control: supervision of the supply and storage and accessibility of items in order to insure an adequate supply without excessive oversupply


first in first out: inventory accounting in which the oldest items (those first acquired) are assumed to be the first sold


FIFO: inventory accounting in which the oldest items (those first acquired) are assumed to be the first sold


last in first out: inventory accounting in which the most recently acquired items are assumed to be the first sold


LIFO: inventory accounting in which the most recently acquired items are assumed to be the first sold


butchery: the business of a butcher


butchering: the business of a butcher


photography: the occupation of taking and printing photographs or making movies


labor: productive work (especially physical work done for wages)


labour: productive work (especially physical work done for wages)


toil: productive work (especially physical work done for wages)


strikebreaking: confrontational activities intended to break up a strike by workers


corvee: unpaid labor (as for the maintenance of roads) required by a lord of his vassals in lieu of taxes


drudgery: hard monotonous routine work


plodding: hard monotonous routine work


grind: hard monotonous routine work


donkeywork: hard monotonous routine work


effort: use of physical or mental energy; hard work


elbow grease: use of physical or mental energy; hard work


exertion: use of physical or mental energy; hard work


travail: use of physical or mental energy; hard work


sweat: use of physical or mental energy; hard work


struggle: strenuous effort


wrestle: the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat


wrestling: the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat


grapple: the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat


grappling: the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat


hand-to-hand struggle: the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat


hunt: the work of finding and killing or capturing animals for food or pelts


hunting: the work of finding and killing or capturing animals for food or pelts


hackwork: professional work done according to formula


haymaking: cutting grass and curing it to make hay


haymaking: taking full advantage of an opportunity while it lasts


manual labor: labor done with the hands


manual labour: labor done with the hands


overwork: the act of working too much or too long


overworking: the act of working too much or too long


slavery: work done under harsh conditions for little or no pay


subbing: working as a substitute for someone who is ill or on leave of absence


substituting: working as a substitute for someone who is ill or on leave of absence


trouble: an effort that is inconvenient


difficulty: an effort that is inconvenient


the devil: something difficult or awkward to do or deal with


tsuris: (Yiddish) aggravating trouble


least effort: the least effortful way to do something


least resistance: the least effortful way to do something


strain: an intense or violent exertion


straining: an intense or violent exertion


exercise: the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit


exercising: the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit


physical exercise: the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit


physical exertion: the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit


workout: the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit


pull: a sustained effort


conditioner: exercise that conditions the body


set: several exercises intended to be done in series


exercise set: several exercises intended to be done in series


aerobics: exercise that increases the need for oxygen


aerobic exercise: exercise that increases the need for oxygen


bodybuilding: exercise that builds muscles through tension


anaerobic exercise: exercise that builds muscles through tension


muscle building: exercise that builds muscles through tension


musclebuilding: exercise that builds muscles through tension


weightlift: bodybuilding by exercise that involves lifting weights


weightlifting: bodybuilding by exercise that involves lifting weights


jerk: raising a weight from shoulder height to above the head by straightening the arms


bench press: a weightlift in which you lie on your back on a bench and press weights upward


incline bench press: a bench press performed on an inclined bench


clean and jerk: a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then jerked overhead


clean: a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then jerked overhead


press: a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then smoothly lifted overhead


military press: a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then smoothly lifted overhead


snatch: a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted overhead in one rapid motion


weight gaining: bodybuilding that increases muscle mass and body weight


calisthenics: light exercises designed to promote general fitness


callisthenics: light exercises designed to promote general fitness


calisthenics: the practice of calisthenic exercises


callisthenics: the practice of calisthenic exercises


isometrics: muscle-building exercises (or a system of musclebuilding exercises) involving muscular contractions against resistance without movement (the muscles contracts but the length of the muscle does not change)


isometric exercise: muscle-building exercises (or a system of musclebuilding exercises) involving muscular contractions against resistance without movement (the muscles contracts but the length of the muscle does not change)


isotonic exercise: exercise in which opposing muscles contract and there is controlled movement (tension is constant while the lengths of the muscles change)


jogging: running at a jog trot as a form of cardiopulmonary exercise


Kegel exercises: exercises for women designed to improve the ability to hold urine


pubococcygeus exercises: exercises for women designed to improve the ability to hold urine


stretch: exercise designed to extend the limbs and muscles to their full extent


stretching: exercise designed to extend the limbs and muscles to their full extent


pandiculation: yawning and stretching (as when first waking up)


power walking: a form of cardiopulmonary exercise consisting of rapid walking accompanied by vigorous swinging of the arms


arm exercise: exercise designed to strengthen the arm muscles


pushup: an arm exercise performed lying face to the floor and pushing the body up and down with the arms


press-up: an arm exercise performed lying face to the floor and pushing the body up and down with the arms


widegrip pushup: a pushup with the arms widely separated


pull-up: an arm exercise performed by pulling yourself up on a horizontal bar until your chin is level with the bar


chin-up: an arm exercise performed by pulling yourself up on a horizontal bar until your chin is level with the bar


back exercise: exercise designed to strengthen the back muscles


leg exercise: exercise designed to strengthen the leg muscles


knee bend: exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles


squat: exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles


squatting: exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles


leg curl: an exercise designed to strengthen the flexor muscles of the leg


leg curling: an exercise designed to strengthen the flexor muscles of the leg


leg extensor: an exercise designed to strengthen the extensor muscles of the leg


neck exercise: exercise designed to strengthen the neck muscles


stomach exercise: an exercise designed to strengthen the abdominal muscles


tummy crunch: an exercise designed to strengthen the abdominal muscles


sit-up: a stomach exercise in which a person sits up from a supine position without using the arms for leverage


yoga: a system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind


hatha yoga: yogic exercises (popular in the West) that combine difficult postures (which force the mind to withdraw from the outside world) with controlled breathing


practice: the exercise of a profession


consultancy: the practice of giving expert advice within a particular field


cosmetology: the practice of beautifying the face and hair and skin


dental practice: the practice of dentistry


law practice: the practice of law


medical practice: the practice of medicine


family practice: medical practice that provides health care regardless of age or sex while placing emphasis on the family unit


family medicine: medical practice that provides health care regardless of age or sex while placing emphasis on the family unit


group practice: (medicine) the practice of medicine by a group of physicians who share their premises and other resources


optometry: the practice of an optometrist


private practice: the practice of a profession independently and not as an employee


quackery: medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings


empiricism: medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings


application: a diligent effort


diligence: a diligent effort


overkill: any effort that seems to go farther than would be necessary to achieve its goal


supererogation: an effort above and beyond the call of duty


overexertion: excessive exertion; so much exertion that discomfort or injury results


investigation: the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically


investigating: the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically


analysis: an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole


count: the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order


counting: the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order


numeration: the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order


enumeration: the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order


reckoning: the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order


tally: the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order


police work: the investigation of criminal activities


police investigation: the investigation of criminal activities


detection: a police investigation to determine the perpetrator


detecting: a police investigation to determine the perpetrator


detective work: a police investigation to determine the perpetrator


sleuthing: a police investigation to determine the perpetrator


forensics: scientific tests or techniques used in the investigation of crimes


roundup: the systematic gathering up of suspects by the police


empiricism: the application of empirical methods in any art or science


examination: the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)


scrutiny: the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)


examination: the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned


testing: the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned


inquiry: a systematic investigation of a matter of public interest


enquiry: a systematic investigation of a matter of public interest


research: systematic investigation to establish facts


eleven-plus: (formerly in Britain) an examination taken by 11 and 12 year old students to select suitable candidates for grammar school


11-plus: (formerly in Britain) an examination taken by 11 and 12 year old students to select suitable candidates for grammar school


search: an investigation seeking answers


operations research: research designed to determine most efficient way to do something


means test: an inquiry into the financial position of someone applying for financial aid


inquest: an inquiry into the cause of an unexpected death


big science: scientific research that requires massive capital investment but is expected to yield very significant results


biological research: scientific research conducted by biologists


cloning: a general term for the research activity that creates a copy of some biological entity (a gene or organism or cell)


reproductive cloning: making a full living copy of an organism; requires a surrogate mother


human reproductive cloning: the reproductive cloning of a sentient human being; generally considered ethically unacceptable


somatic cell nuclear transplantation: moving a cell nucleus and its genetic material from one cell to another


somatic cell nuclear transfer: moving a cell nucleus and its genetic material from one cell to another


SCNT: moving a cell nucleus and its genetic material from one cell to another


nuclear transplantation: moving a cell nucleus and its genetic material from one cell to another


therapeutic cloning: nuclear transplantation of a patient's own cells to make an oocyte from which immune-compatible cells (especially stem cells) can be derived for transplant


biomedical cloning: nuclear transplantation of a patient's own cells to make an oocyte from which immune-compatible cells (especially stem cells) can be derived for transplant


stem-cell research: research on stem cells and their use in medicine


embryonic stem-cell research: biological research on stem cells derived from embryos and on their use in medicine


experiment: the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation


experimentation: the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation


field work: an investigation carried out in the field rather than in a laboratory or headquarters


testing: the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works


marketing research: research that gathers and analyzes information about the moving of good or services from producer to consumer


market research: research that gathers and analyzes information about the moving of good or services from producer to consumer


market analysis: marketing research that yields information about the marketplace


product research: marketing research that yields information about desired characteristics of the product or service


consumer research: marketing research that yields information about the motives and needs of different classes of consumers


microscopy: research with the use of microscopes


electron microscopy: microscopy with the use of electron microscopes


electron spin resonance: microwave spectroscopy in which there is resonant absorption of radiation by a paramagnet


ESR: microwave spectroscopy in which there is resonant absorption of radiation by a paramagnet


electron paramagnetic resonance: microwave spectroscopy in which there is resonant absorption of radiation by a paramagnet


trial and error: experimenting until a solution is found


probe: an investigation conducted using a flexible surgical instrument to explore an injury or a body cavity


Human Genome Project: an international study of the entire human genetic material


scientific research: research into questions posed by scientific theories and hypotheses


research project: research into questions posed by scientific theories and hypotheses


endoscopy: visual examination of the interior of a hollow body organ by use of an endoscope


celioscopy: endoscopic examination of the abdomen through the abdominal wall


colonoscopy: visual examination of the colon (with a colonoscope) from the cecum to the rectum; requires sedation


culdoscopy: endoscopic examination of a woman's pelvic organs by the insertion of a culdoscope through the vagina


gastroscopy: visual examination of the stomach by means of a gastroscope inserted through the esophagus


hysteroscopy: visual examination of the uterus and uterine lining using an endoscope inserted through the vagina


proctoscopy: visual examination of the rectum and the end of the colon by means of a proctoscope


sigmoidoscopy: visual examination (with a sigmoidoscope) of the lower third of the colon in a search for polyps


flexible sigmoidoscopy: visual examination (with a sigmoidoscope) of the lower third of the colon in a search for polyps


gonioscopy: an examination of the front part of the eye to check the angle where the iris meets the cornea; it is used to distinguish between open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma


keratoscopy: examination of the cornea with a keratoscope to detect irregularities in its anterior surface


rhinoscopy: examination of the nasal passages (either through the anterior nares or with a rhinoscope through the nasopharynx)


scan: the act of scanning; systematic examination of a prescribed region


scanning: the act of systematically moving a finely focused beam of light or electrons over a surface in order to produce an image of it for analysis or transmission


search: boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas


survey: a detailed critical inspection


study: a detailed critical inspection


testing: an examination of the characteristics of something


screening: testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics


genetic screening: analyzing a group of people to determine genetic susceptibility to a particular disease


time and motion study: an analysis of a specific job in an effort to find the most efficient method in terms of time and effort


time-and-motion study: an analysis of a specific job in an effort to find the most efficient method in terms of time and effort


time-motion study: an analysis of a specific job in an effort to find the most efficient method in terms of time and effort


motion study: an analysis of a specific job in an effort to find the most efficient method in terms of time and effort


time study: an analysis of a specific job in an effort to find the most efficient method in terms of time and effort


work study: an analysis of a specific job in an effort to find the most efficient method in terms of time and effort


dark ground illumination: a form of microscopic examination of living material by scattered light; specimens appear luminous against a dark background


dark field illumination: a form of microscopic examination of living material by scattered light; specimens appear luminous against a dark background


fluorescence microscopy: light microscopy in which the specimen is irradiated at wavelengths that excite fluorochromes


indirect immunofluorescence: a method of using fluorescence microscopy to detect the presence of an antigen indirectly


anatomy: a detailed analysis


urinalysis: (medicine) the chemical analysis of urine (for medical diagnosis)


uranalysis: (medicine) the chemical analysis of urine (for medical diagnosis)


scatology: (medicine) the chemical analysis of excrement (for medical diagnosis or for paleontological purposes)


case study: a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view


chemical analysis: the act of decomposing a substance into its constituent elements


qualitative analysis: the act of decomposing a substance into its constituent elements


polarography: an electrochemical method of chemical analysis


quantitative analysis: chemical analysis to determine the amounts of each element in the substance


quantitative chemical analysis: chemical analysis to determine the amounts of each element in the substance


colorimetry: quantitative chemical analysis by color using a colorimeter


colorimetric analysis: quantitative chemical analysis by color using a colorimeter


volumetric analysis: quantitative analysis by the use of definite volumes of standard solutions or reagents


acidimetry: volumetric analysis using standard solutions of acids to measure the amount of a base present


alkalimetry: volumetric analysis using standard solutions of alkali to measure the amount of acid present


titration: a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete; the concentration of the unknown solution (the titer) can then be calculated


volumetric analysis: determination of the volume of gases (or changes in their volume) during combination


gravimetric analysis: quantitative analysis by weight


cost analysis: breaking down the costs of some operation and reporting on each factor separately


dissection: detailed critical analysis or examination one part at a time (as of a literary work)


fundamental analysis: (stock exchange) the use of fundamentals as an investment strategy


fundamentals analysis: (stock exchange) the use of fundamentals as an investment strategy


technical analysis: (stock exchange) analysis of past price changes in the hope of forecasting future price changes


technical analysis of stock trends: (stock exchange) analysis of past price changes in the hope of forecasting future price changes


spectroscopy: the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra


spectrometry: the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra


spectroscopic analysis: the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra


spectrum analysis: the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra


spectrographic analysis: the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra


dialysis: separation of substances in solution by means of their unequal diffusion through semipermeable membranes


apheresis: a procedure in which blood is drawn and separated into its components by dialysis; some are retained and the rest are returned to the donor by transfusion


pheresis: a procedure in which blood is drawn and separated into its components by dialysis; some are retained and the rest are returned to the donor by transfusion


plasmapheresis: plasma is separated from whole blood and the rest is returned to the donor


plateletpheresis: platelets are separated from whole blood and the rest is returned to the donor


hemodialysis: dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream; used in the case of kidney failure


haemodialysis: dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream; used in the case of kidney failure


mass spectroscopy: the use of spectroscopy to determine the masses of small electrically charged particles


microwave spectroscopy: the use of spectroscopy to study atomic or molecular resonances in the microwave spectrum


likening: the act of comparing similarities


analogy: drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect


collation: careful examination and comparison to note points of disagreement


confrontation: a focussed comparison; bringing together for a careful comparison


contrast: the act of distinguishing by comparing differences


lighterage: the transportation of goods on a lighter


visitation: an official visit for inspection or supervision


site visit: a visit in an official capacity to examine a site to determine its suitability for some enterprise


surveillance: close observation of a person or group (usually by the police)


tabulation: the act of putting into tabular form


blood count: the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample


complete blood count: counting the number of white and red blood cells and the number of platelets in 1 cubic millimeter of blood


CBC: counting the number of white and red blood cells and the number of platelets in 1 cubic millimeter of blood


blood profile: counting the number of white and red blood cells and the number of platelets in 1 cubic millimeter of blood


differential blood count: counting the number of specific types of white blood cells found in 1 cubic millimeter of blood; may be included as part of a complete blood count


census: a periodic count of the population


nose count: a periodic count of the population


nosecount: a periodic count of the population


countdown: counting backward from an arbitrary number to indicate the time remaining before some event (such as launching a space vehicle)


miscount: an inaccurate count


poll: the counting of votes (as in an election)


recount: an additional (usually a second) count; especially of the votes in a close election


sperm count: the act of estimating the number of spermatozoa in an ejaculate


spying: the act of keeping a secret watch for intelligence purposes


undercover work: the act of keeping a secret watch for intelligence purposes


wiretap: the act of tapping a telephone or telegraph line to get information


tap: the act of tapping a telephone or telegraph line to get information


espionage: the systematic use of spies to get military or political secrets


counterespionage: spying on the spies


electronic surveillance: surveillance by electronic means (e.g. television)


care: the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something


attention: the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something


aid: the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something


tending: the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something


maternalism: motherly care; behavior characteristic of a mother; the practice of acting as a mother does toward her children


babysitting: the work of a baby sitter; caring for children when their parents are not home


baby sitting: the work of a baby sitter; caring for children when their parents are not home


pet sitting: the work of a pet sitter; caring for pets in their own home while their owners are away from home


primary care: the medical care received on first contact with the medical system (before being referred elsewhere)


aftercare: care and treatment of a convalescent patient


dental care: care for the teeth


brush: the act of brushing your teeth


brushing: the act of brushing your teeth


first aid: emergency care given before regular medical aid can be obtained


eyedrop: a method of irrigating the eye used by ophthalmologists


eye-drop: a method of irrigating the eye used by ophthalmologists


adrenergic agonist eyedrop: a treatment for glaucoma; the eyedrops reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing the production of aqueous humor and increasing its drainage through the uveoscleral pathway


beta blocker eyedrop: a treatment for glaucoma; the eyedrops reduce intraocular pressure by reducing the production of aqueous humor


miotic eyedrop: a treatment for glaucoma; the eyedrops increase the outflow of aqueous humor by constricting the pupil


topical prostaglandin eyedrop: a treatment for glaucoma; the eyedrops increase the outflow of aqueous humor through the uveoscleral pathway


medical care: professional treatment for illness or injury


medical aid: professional treatment for illness or injury


treatment: care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)


intervention: care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)


hospitalization: placing in medical care in a hospital


hospitalisation: placing in medical care in a hospital


hospital care: placing in medical care in a hospital


incubation: maintaining something at the most favorable temperature for its development


livery: the care (feeding and stabling) of horses for pay


massage: kneading and rubbing parts of the body to increase circulation and promote relaxation


cardiac massage: an emergency procedure that employs rhythmic compression of the heart (either through the chest wall or, during surgery, directly to the heart) in an attempt to maintain circulation during cardiac arrest


heart massage: an emergency procedure that employs rhythmic compression of the heart (either through the chest wall or, during surgery, directly to the heart) in an attempt to maintain circulation during cardiac arrest


effleurage: a rhythmic stroking


petrissage: massage of the skin which is gently lifted and squeezed


reflexology: massage to relieve tension by finger pressure; based on the belief that there are reflex points on the feet, hands, and head that are connected to every part of the body


Swedish massage: massage combined with a system of active and passive exercises for the muscles and joints


tapotement: massage in which the body is tapped rhythmically with the fingers or with short rapid movements of the sides of the hand; used to loosen mucus on the chest walls of patients with bronchitis


makeover: an overall beauty treatment (involving a person's hair style and cosmetics and clothing) intended to change or improve a person's appearance


manicure: professional care for the hands and fingernails


pedicure: professional care for the feet and toenails


therapy: (medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.)


modality: a method of therapy that involves physical or electrical therapeutic treatment


diathermy: a method of physical therapy that involves generating local heat in body tissues by high-frequency electromagnetic currents


aromatherapy: the therapeutic use of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils in baths or massage


chemotherapy: the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)


correction: treatment of a specific defect


electrotherapy: the therapeutic application of electricity to the body (as in the treatment of various forms of paralysis)


galvanism: the therapeutic application of electricity to the body (as in the treatment of various forms of paralysis)


electric healing: the therapeutic application of electricity to the body (as in the treatment of various forms of paralysis)


electrical healing: the therapeutic application of electricity to the body (as in the treatment of various forms of paralysis)


heliotherapy: therapeutic exposure to sunlight


insolation: therapeutic exposure to sunlight


hormone replacement therapy: hormones (estrogen and progestin) are given to postmenopausal women; believed to protect them from heart disease and osteoporosis


hormone-replacement therapy: hormones (estrogen and progestin) are given to postmenopausal women; believed to protect them from heart disease and osteoporosis


HRT: hormones (estrogen and progestin) are given to postmenopausal women; believed to protect them from heart disease and osteoporosis


immunotherapy: therapy designed to produce immunity to a disease or to enhance resistance by the immune system


infrared therapy: the use of infrared radiation (as by infrared lamps or heating pads or hot water bottles) to relieve pain and increase circulation to a particular area of the body


inflation therapy: therapy in which water or oxygen or a drug is introduced into the respiratory tract with inhaled air


iontophoresis: therapy that uses a local electric current to introduce the ions of a medicine into the tissues


ionic medication: therapy that uses a local electric current to introduce the ions of a medicine into the tissues


iontotherapy: therapy that uses a local electric current to introduce the ions of a medicine into the tissues


electromotive drug administration: therapy that uses a local electric current to introduce the ions of a medicine into the tissues


EMDA: therapy that uses a local electric current to introduce the ions of a medicine into the tissues


medication: the act of treating with medicines or remedies


antipyresis: medication with antipyretics to treat a fever


megavitamin therapy: therapy based on a theory that taking very large doses of vitamins will prevent or cure physical or psychological disorders


occupational therapy: therapy based on engagement in meaningful activities of daily life, especially to enable or encourage participation in such activities in spite of impairments or limitations in physical or mental functions


nourishment: the act of nourishing


nursing care: care by a skilled nurse


nursing: the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm


tender loving care: considerate and solicitous care


TLC: considerate and solicitous care


nurturance: physical and emotional care and nourishment


personal care: care for someone who is disabled or is otherwise unable to care for themselves; can including bathing and cooking and managing bodily functions


skin care: care for the skin


skincare: care for the skin


facial: care for the face that usually involves cleansing and massage and the application of cosmetic creams


adenoidectomy: surgical removal of the adenoids; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy


adrenalectomy: surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands


suprarenalectomy: surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands


appendectomy: surgical removal of the vermiform appendix


appendicectomy: surgical removal of the vermiform appendix


amputation: a surgical removal of all or part of a limb


angioplasty: an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or unblock a coronary artery


arthrodesis: the surgical fixation of a joint which is intended to result in bone fusion


arthroplasty: surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated joint


arthroscopy: a minimally invasive operation to repair a damaged joint; the surgeon examines the joint with an arthroscope while making repairs through a small incision


autoplasty: surgical repair by using tissue from another part of the patient's own body


brain surgery: any surgical procedure involving the brain


psychosurgery: brain surgery on human patients intended to relieve severe and otherwise intractable mental or behavioral problems


split-brain technique: brain surgery on animals in which the corpus callosum (and sometimes the optic chiasm) is severed so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted


castration: surgical removal of the testes or ovaries (usually to inhibit hormone secretion in cases of breast cancer in women or prostate cancer in men)


cautery: the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing


cauterization: the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing


cauterisation: the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing


chemosurgery: use of chemical to destroy diseased or malignant tissue; used in treatment of skin cancer


colostomy: a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus


craniotomy: a surgical opening through the skull


cryosurgery: the use of extreme cold (usually liquid nitrogen) to destroy unwanted tissue (warts or cataracts or skin cancers)


cholecystectomy: surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain)


clitoridectomy: excision of the clitoris


female circumcision: excision of the clitoris


laparoscopic cholecystectomy: removal of the gall bladder through small punctures in the abdomen to permit the insertion of a laparoscope and surgical instruments


lap choly: removal of the gall bladder through small punctures in the abdomen to permit the insertion of a laparoscope and surgical instruments


curettage: surgery to remove tissue or growths from a bodily cavity (as the uterus) by scraping with a curette


curettement: surgery to remove tissue or growths from a bodily cavity (as the uterus) by scraping with a curette


suction curettage: a method of induced abortion; prior to the 14th week of gestation the embryo and placenta are removed by applying suction to the dilated cervix


vacuum aspiration: a method of induced abortion; prior to the 14th week of gestation the embryo and placenta are removed by applying suction to the dilated cervix


debridement: surgical removal of foreign material and dead tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing


decortication: removal of the outer covering of an organ or part


dilation and curettage: a surgical procedure usually performed under local anesthesia in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet; performed to obtain tissue samples or to stop prolonged bleeding or to remove small tumors or to remove fragments of placenta after childbirth or as a method of abortion


dilatation and curettage: a surgical procedure usually performed under local anesthesia in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet; performed to obtain tissue samples or to stop prolonged bleeding or to remove small tumors or to remove fragments of placenta after childbirth or as a method of abortion


D and C: a surgical procedure usually performed under local anesthesia in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet; performed to obtain tissue samples or to stop prolonged bleeding or to remove small tumors or to remove fragments of placenta after childbirth or as a method of abortion


disembowelment: the act of removing the bowels or viscera; the act of cutting so as to cause the viscera to protrude


evisceration: the act of removing the bowels or viscera; the act of cutting so as to cause the viscera to protrude


electrosurgery: surgery performed with electrical devices (as in electrocautery)


enterostomy: surgical operation that creates a permanent opening through the abdominal wall into the intestine


enterotomy: surgical operation that creates a permanent opening through the abdominal wall into the intestine


enucleation: surgical removal of something without cutting into it


operation: a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body


surgery: a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body


surgical operation: a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body


surgical procedure: a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body


surgical process: a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body


wrong-site surgery: a surgical operation performed on the wrong part of the body


embolectomy: surgical removal of an embolus (usually from an artery)


endarterectomy: surgical removal of the inner lining of an artery that is clogged with atherosclerosis


enervation: surgical removal of a nerve


evisceration: surgical removal of an organ (or the contents of an organ) from a patient


exenteration: surgical removal of the organs within a body cavity (as those of the pelvis)


eye operation: any surgical procedure involving the eyes


eye surgery: any surgical procedure involving the eyes


face lift: plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised


facelift: plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised


lift: plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised


face lifting: plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised


cosmetic surgery: plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised


rhytidectomy: plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised


rhytidoplasty: plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised


nip and tuck: plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised


fenestration: surgical procedure that creates a new fenestra to the cochlea in order to restore hearing lost because of osteosclerosis


gastrectomy: surgical removal of all or part of the stomach


gastroenterostomy: surgical creation of an opening between the stomach wall and the small intestines; performed when the normal opening has been eliminated


gastrostomy: surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach (as for gastrogavage)


heart surgery: any surgical procedure involving the heart


closed-heart surgery: heart surgery in which a small incision is made (the chest cavity is not opened)


open-heart surgery: heart surgery in which the rib cage is spread open, the heart is stopped and blood is detoured through a heart-lung machine while a heart valve or coronary artery is surgically repaired


coronary bypass: open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart


coronary bypass surgery: open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart


coronary artery bypass graft: open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart


CABG: open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart


port-access coronary bypass surgery: heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed by the use of small instruments and tiny cameras threaded through small incisions while the heart is stopped and blood is pumped through a heart-lung machine


minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery: heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed on the beating heart by the use of small instruments and cameras threaded through small incisions


hemorrhoidectomy: surgical procedure for tying hemorrhoids and excising them


haemorrhoidectomy: surgical procedure for tying hemorrhoids and excising them


hemostasis: surgical procedure of stopping the flow of blood (as with a hemostat)


haemostasis: surgical procedure of stopping the flow of blood (as with a hemostat)


hemostasia: surgical procedure of stopping the flow of blood (as with a hemostat)


haemostasia: surgical procedure of stopping the flow of blood (as with a hemostat)


hypophysectomy: surgical removal of the pituitary gland


hysterectomy: surgical removal of the uterus


hysterotomy: surgical incision into the uterus (as in cesarean section)


radical hysterectomy: surgical removal of the uterus and the ovaries and oviducts and cervix and related lymph nodes


panhysterectomy: surgical removal of the uterus and the ovaries and oviducts and cervix and related lymph nodes


total hysterectomy: surgical removal of the uterus and cervix


gastromy: surgical incision into the stomach


implantation: a surgical procedure that places something in the human body


incision: the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation)


section: the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation)


surgical incision: the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation)


cataract surgery: eye surgery that involves removing all or part of the lens and replacing it with an intraocular lens implant


intracapsular surgery: cataract surgery in which the entire lens is removed


extracapsular surgery: cataract surgery in which only the front of the lens is removed; the back of the lens capsule remains intact and provides support for the lens implant


cyclodestructive surgery: an eye operation that treats glaucoma by destroying the ciliary body with a laser


phacoemulsification: extracapsular surgery for cataracts in which ultrasonic sound breaks the cortex and nucleus of the lens into small fragments that are then vacuumed away through a small tube


filtration surgery: eye surgery that opens a passage allowing excess aqueous humor to drain into surrounding tissues; a treatment for glaucoma


iridectomy: an eye operation that treats closed-angle glaucoma by surgical removal of part of the iris of the eye


iridotomy: a surgical procedure that makes an incision in the iris of the eye in order to enlarge the pupil or to treat closed-angle glaucoma


keratotomy: surgical incision into the cornea


radial keratotomy: radial pattern of incisions in the cornea that cause the cornea to bulge; performed to correct myopia


laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis: a refractive surgery procedure that reshapes the cornea


LASEK: a refractive surgery procedure that reshapes the cornea


laser trabecular surgery: eye surgery that makes many tiny laser burns in an area that will increase the drainage of aqueous humor


laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis: a refractive surgery procedure that reshapes the cornea


LASIK: a refractive surgery procedure that reshapes the cornea


vitrectomy: a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous humor and replace it with saline solution


perineotomy: surgical incision into the perineum


episiotomy: surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth


ileostomy: surgical procedure that creates an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall to function as an anus; performed in cases of cancer of the colon or ulcerative colitis


intestinal bypass: surgical operation that shortens the small intestine; used in treating obesity


jejunostomy: surgical creation of an opening between the jejunum and the anterior abdominal wall; will allow artificial feeding


keratoplasty: a surgical procedure in which part or all of a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by healthy corneal tissue from a donor


corneal graft: a surgical procedure in which part or all of a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by healthy corneal tissue from a donor


corneal transplant: a surgical procedure in which part or all of a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by healthy corneal tissue from a donor


epikeratophakia: using a piece of donated corneal tissue to repair the eye of someone who has had a cataract removed


lipectomy: plastic surgery involving the breakdown and removal of fatty tissue


selective lipectomy: plastic surgery involving the breakdown and removal of fatty tissue


liposuction: lipectomy (especially for cosmetic purposes) in which excess fatty tissue is removed from under the skin by suction


suction lipectomy: lipectomy (especially for cosmetic purposes) in which excess fatty tissue is removed from under the skin by suction


mastopexy: plastic surgery to lift or reshape the breasts


neuroplasty: plastic surgery of the nerves


otoplasty: reconstructive surgery of the auricle of the external ear


laminectomy: surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae


laparotomy: surgical incision into the abdominal wall; often done to examine abdominal organs


laparoscopy: laparotomy performed with a laparoscope that makes a small incision to examine the abdominal cavity (especially the ovaries and Fallopian tubes)


laryngectomy: surgical removal of part or all of the larynx (usually to treat cancer of the larynx)


lithotomy: surgical removal of a stone (calculus)


cholelithotomy: removal of gallstone through an incision in the gallbladder


lobectomy: surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body (as the lung or brain)


amygdalotomy: psychosurgery in which amygdaloid fibers that mediate limbic system activity are severed (in cases of extreme uncontrollable violence)


callosotomy: severing the corpus callosum so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted (in cases of severe intractable epilepsy)


callosectomy: severing the corpus callosum so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted (in cases of severe intractable epilepsy)


lobotomy: surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes


leukotomy: surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes


leucotomy: surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes


prefrontal lobotomy: surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes


prefrontal leukotomy: surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes


prefrontal leucotomy: surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes


frontal lobotomy: surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes


transorbital lobotomy: a method of performing prefrontal lobotomy in which the surgical knife is inserted above the eyeball and moved to cut brain fibers


lumpectomy: surgical removal of a tumor without removing much of the surrounding tissue or lymph nodes; performed in some cases of breast cancer


major surgery: any surgical procedure that involves anesthesia or respiratory assistance


microsurgery: surgery using operating microscopes and miniaturized precision instruments to perform intricate procedures on very small structures


robotic telesurgery: microsurgery in which the surgeon performs surgery by manipulating the hands of a robot


minor surgery: any surgical procedure that does not involve anesthesia or respiratory assistance


mastectomy: surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor


modified radical mastectomy: removal of a breast and the pectoralis minor and some lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit


radical mastectomy: removal of a breast and the underlying muscles (pectoralis major and pectoralis minor) and lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit


simple mastectomy: removal of a breast leaving the underlying muscles and the lymph nodes intact


mastoidectomy: surgical removal of some or all of the mastoid process


meniscectomy: surgical removal of the meniscus of the knee


nephrectomy: surgical removal of a kidney


neurectomy: surgical removal of all or part of a nerve


oophorectomy: surgical removal of one of both ovaries


ovariectomy: surgical removal of one of both ovaries


oophorosalpingectomy: surgical removal of one or both ovaries and the corresponding Fallopian tubes


ophthalmectomy: surgical removal of an eye


orchidectomy: surgical removal of one or both testicles


orchiectomy: surgical removal of one or both testicles


pancreatectomy: surgical removal of part or all of the pancreas


pneumonectomy: surgical removal of a lung (usually to treat lung cancer)


prostatectomy: surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland


salpingectomy: surgical removal of one or both Fallopian tubes


septectomy: surgical removal of all or part of a septum (especially the nasal septum or atrial septum)


sigmoidectomy: surgical removal of part or all of the sigmoid colon (usually to remove a malignant tumor)


splenectomy: surgical removal of the spleen


stapedectomy: surgical removal of the stapes of the middle ear


sympathectomy: surgical interruption of a nerve pathway in the sympathetic nervous system


thrombectomy: surgical removal of a blood clot (thrombus) from a blood vessel


thyroidectomy: surgical removal of the thyroid gland


tonsillectomy: surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy


myotomy: surgical incision or division of a muscle


myringectomy: surgical removal of the eardrum


myringoplasty: surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft


myringotomy: surgical incision into the eardrum (to relieve pressure or release pus from the middle ear)


neurosurgery: any surgery that involves the nervous system (brain or spinal cord or peripheral nerves)


nose job: cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of your nose


rhinoplasty: cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of your nose


orchiopexy: operation to bring an undescended testicle into the scrotum


orchotomy: surgical incision into the testis to obtain material for analysis (as in cases of abnormally low sperm count)


osteotomy: surgical sectioning of bone


ostomy: surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening for the elimination of bodily wastes


palatopharyngoplasty: surgical resection of unnecessary palatal and oropharyngeal tissue to open the airway; intended to cure extreme cases of snoring (with or without sleep apnea)


PPP: surgical resection of unnecessary palatal and oropharyngeal tissue to open the airway; intended to cure extreme cases of snoring (with or without sleep apnea)


uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: surgical resection of unnecessary palatal and oropharyngeal tissue to open the airway; intended to cure extreme cases of snoring (with or without sleep apnea)


UPPP: surgical resection of unnecessary palatal and oropharyngeal tissue to open the airway; intended to cure extreme cases of snoring (with or without sleep apnea)


phalloplasty: reconstructive surgery on the penis to repair congenital abnormality or injury


phlebectomy: surgical removal or all or part of a vein; sometimes done in cases of severe varicose veins


photocoagulation: surgical procedure that uses an intense laser beam to destroy diseased retinal tissue or to make a scar that will hold the retina in cases of detached retina


plastic surgery: surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue


reconstructive surgery: surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue


anaplasty: surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue


polypectomy: surgical removal of a polyp


proctoplasty: reconstructive surgery of the anus or rectum


rectoplasty: reconstructive surgery of the anus or rectum


resection: surgical removal of part of a structure or organ


rhinotomy: surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the nose to drain accumulated pus


rhizotomy: surgical procedure in which spinal nerve roots are cut; done (anterior roots) to relieve intractable pain or (posterior roots) to stop severe muscle spasms


sclerotomy: surgical incision of the sclerotic coat of the eye


sex-change operation: surgical procedures and hormonal treatments designed to alter a person's sexual characteristics so that the resemble those of the opposite sex


transsexual surgery: surgical procedures and hormonal treatments designed to alter a person's sexual characteristics so that the resemble those of the opposite sex


Shirodkar's operation: a surgical procedure in which a suture is used to close the cervix in a pregnant woman; is performed when the cervix has failed to retain previous pregnancies


purse-string operation: a surgical procedure in which a suture is used to close the cervix in a pregnant woman; is performed when the cervix has failed to retain previous pregnancies


sterilization: the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce)


sterilisation: the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce)


castration: neutering a male animal by removing the testicles


emasculation: neutering a male animal by removing the testicles


neutering: the sterilization of an animal


fixing: the sterilization of an animal


altering: the sterilization of an animal


spaying: neutering a female by removing the ovaries


strabotomy: the surgical operation of cutting a muscle or tendon of the eye in order to correct strabismus


taxis: the surgical procedure of manually restoring a displaced body part


Michelson-Morley experiment: a celebrated experiment conducted by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley; their failure to detect any influence of the earth's motion on the velocity of light was the starting point for Einstein's theory of relativity


tracheostomy: a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes


tracheotomy: a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes


transplant: an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient)


transplantation: an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient)


organ transplant: an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient)


transurethral resection of the prostate: removal of significant amounts of prostate tissue (as in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia)


TURP: removal of significant amounts of prostate tissue (as in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia)


trephination: an operation that removes a circular section of bone from the skull


tympanoplasty: surgical correction or repair of defects or injuries in the eardrum or the bones of the middle ear


uranoplasty: surgical correction of a defect of the palate


justice: judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishments


administration: the act of meting out justice according to the law


judicature: the act of meting out justice according to the law


administration: the act of administering medication


giving medication: the act of administering medication


drip feed: the administration of a solution (blood or saline or plasma etc.) one drop at a time


sedation: the administration of a sedative agent or drug


drugging: the administration of a sedative agent or drug


irrigation: (medicine) cleaning a wound or body organ by flushing or washing out with water or a medicated solution


douche: irrigation with a jet of water or medicated solution into or around a body part (especially the vagina) to treat infections or cleanse from odorous contents


enema: an injection of a liquid through the anus to stimulate evacuation; sometimes used for diagnostic purposes


clyster: an injection of a liquid through the anus to stimulate evacuation; sometimes used for diagnostic purposes


colonic irrigation: a water enema given to flush out the colon


colonic: a water enema given to flush out the colon


barium enema: enema in which a contrast medium (usually barium sulfate) is injected into the rectum and X-rays are taken to search for lesions


lavage: washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with water


gastric lavage: washing out the stomach with sterile water or a saltwater solution; removes blood or poisons


dressing: the act of applying a bandage


bandaging: the act of applying a bandage


binding: the act of applying a bandage


holistic medicine: medical care of the whole person considered as subject to personal and social as well as organic factors


hospice: a program of medical and emotional care for the terminally ill


injection: the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe


shot: the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe


cryocautery: application of a substance that destroys tissue by freezing it


electrocautery: application of a needle heated by an electric current to destroy tissue (as to remove warts)


thermocautery: cautery (destruction of tissue) by heat


bloodletting: formerly used as a treatment to reduce excess blood (one of the four humors of medieval medicine)


nephrotomy: incision into a kidney (usually to remove a kidney stone)


thoracotomy: surgical incision into the chest walls opening up the pleural cavity


valvotomy: incision into a stenosed cardiac valve to relieve the obstruction


valvulotomy: incision into a stenosed cardiac valve to relieve the obstruction


venesection: surgical incision into a vein; used to treat hemochromatosis


phlebotomy: surgical incision into a vein; used to treat hemochromatosis


cupping: a treatment in which evacuated cups are applied to the skin to draw blood through the surface


defibrillation: treatment by stopping fibrillation of heart muscles (usually by electric shock delivered by a defibrillator)


detoxification: treatment for poisoning by neutralizing the toxic properties (normally a function of the liver)


detoxification: a treatment for addiction to drugs or alcohol intended to remove the physiological effects of the addictive substances


fusion: correction of an unstable part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae; usually done surgically but sometimes done by traction or immobilization


spinal fusion: correction of an unstable part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae; usually done surgically but sometimes done by traction or immobilization


faith healing: care provided through prayer and faith in God


faith cure: care provided through prayer and faith in God


laying on of hands: the application of a faith healer's hands to the patient's body


physical therapy: therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other modalities


physiotherapy: therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other modalities


physiatrics: therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other modalities


rehabilitation: the treatment of physical disabilities by massage and electrotherapy and exercises


phytotherapy: the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet)