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README.md
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## Model Details
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### Model Sources
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** [Model](https://huggingface.co/HF1BitLLM/Llama3-8B-1.58-100B-tokens)
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- **Paper:** [The Era of 1-bit LLMs: All Large Language Models are in 1.58 Bits](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.17764)
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Downstream Use [optional]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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output = model.generate(input_ids, max_length=10, do_sample=False)
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generated_text = tokenizer.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
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print(generated_text)
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## Training Details
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The model was trained on a subset of [FineWeb-edu](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu)
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### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Hardware
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Software
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[More Information Needed]
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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[More Information Needed]
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## Glossary [optional]
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<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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[
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## Model Card Authors [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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## Model Details
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### Model Sources
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** [Model](https://huggingface.co/HF1BitLLM/Llama3-8B-1.58-100B-tokens)
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- **Paper:** [The Era of 1-bit LLMs: All Large Language Models are in 1.58 Bits](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.17764)
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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output = model.generate(input_ids, max_length=10, do_sample=False)
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generated_text = tokenizer.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
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print(generated_text)
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```
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## Training Details
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The model was trained on a subset of [FineWeb-edu](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu)
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### Training Process
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1. **Starting Point**
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- Best-performing checkpoint from the 10 billion token runs with a linear lambda scheduler
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2. **Training Duration**
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- Fine-tuned for an additional 45,000 steps
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- Reached a total of 100 billion tokens
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3. **Dataset**
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- FineWeb-edu dataset
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4. **Batch Size**
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- 2 million tokens per step
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- Total per run: 45,000 steps * 2 million tokens = 90 billion tokens
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- Combined with initial 10 billion tokens to reach 100 billion
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5. **Learning Rate Experiments**
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- Tested various learning rates to find optimal setting, according the to experiments, the best performing peak lr is 1e-5
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6. **Performance**
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- Close to Llama3 8B on some metrics
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- Behind Llama3 8B in overall average performance
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7. **Evaluation**
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- Metrics included perplexity, MMLU scores, and other standard benchmarks
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These extended training runs on 100 billion tokens pushed the boundaries of highly quantized models, bringing performance closer to half-precision models like Llama3.
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## Evaluation
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The evaluation of the models is done on the nanotron checkpoints using LightEval :
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![results](https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/blog/1.58llm_extreme_quantization/metrics_100B_table.png)
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## Citation
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```bash
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@misc{,
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title={1.58-Bit LLM: A New Era of Extreme Quantization},
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author={Mohamed Mekkouri and Marc Sun and Leandro von Werra and Thomas Wolf},
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year={2024},
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}
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```
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