But
in this case, the breakdown products of proteins appeared in trace
quantities. Kidney bear was isolated only a few drops
urine, which through the bladder wall sucked back
in the blood. Along with these discoveries have not yet established why
Bears in the organism does not accumulate toxic breakdown products,
primarily urea, which is the active state of the animal
removed from his body in urine. Regardless of the fact that during the period
hibernation the body temperature of bears, sometimes significantly
fell, all the metabolic processes proceeded normally. Except
addition, we found out that at room temperature
- 8 ° C on the surface of the skin bears the temperature is maintained
+35 ° C, in the rectum +22 ° C, in the oral cavity +35 ° C (at +38 ° C
in an active state). However, heart rate
and respiratory rate significantly decreased. Interest in the unique
data about the hibernation of bears due to the search
modern medical science. Hibernation of black bears
can serve as a model for the selection of diet in chronic
renal failure. in the animal body, which flows
in hibernation, there is no common end-products of decay
protein, and blood concentrations of amino acids, protein, alkaline salts
etc. remains unchanged throughout the winter. In addition,
nitrogen in the abdominal cavity does not accumulate. That is why, if scientists
be able to get a pure substance (presumably hormone),
entering the body from the hypothalamus of bears, with the help of
which are regulated by living processes during hibernation,
they will be able to successfully treat people suffering from kidney disease. If the slow decay of proteins, reduce the formation of urea
and thus can protect the patient's body man
27
27from a surplus of this poison. If it is possible to allocate
This alleged hormone, may hope to create on its basis
drugs for the treatment of several diseases (chronic diseases
kidneys, insomnia, obesity, etc.). If we have learned so
hibernate under adverse conditions, like bears, we
would be able to live a few hundred years. Disclosure of secrets can bear
interest and expertise in space medicine from the point
of future ultra-long space flights. This interest
due to the fact that the bears are sleeping 3-5 months of the year
but something similar could be applied to the astronauts, which will
opportunity to save stocks of food that can not be
to take the spacecraft in the required quantities. Existing T LEE LE TNYAYA Hibernation in the animal world? Interesting biological phenomenon, caused by periodic
(Or unexpected), meteorological variables
changing conditions of life in the summer season is
the so-called estivation in animals, which, in essence,
very similar to hibernation. The scientific name of estivation,
As we have already mentioned - estivatsiya (from Lat. aestas - «Summer"). in such
inactive status falls several species of animals upon the occurrence of
extreme heat and drought, where it becomes impossible to find food
and water to survive. Estivation - common in some
fish species. Especially it is characteristic of the inhabitants of freshwater
reservoirs, mainly equatorial and tropical regions
globe. Relatively well studied estivation in fish
dipnoi - African and American protoptera
cheshuychatnika. African protopter representing
is a rare creation of nature, may truly be called
unusual fish. in certain animal encyclopedias
World Brem protopter called fish-salamander. Many scientists
studying the evolution of the animal world, believe that this creature,
probably the first attempt of nature to transform it from
Water in a land dweller and 400 million years ago. The reason
This assumption is the fact that this fish, but
gill system used for respiration and the pair Swimming
bubble, abundantly rich blood capillaries
and playing the role of the lungs. For movement on the earth's surface
Nature has endowed the fish instead of flexible fins are very hard
spikes, resembling legs. These fish have adapted
endure long dry spells, which are often
happen in Central Africa and mainly in the tributaries
White Nile, the Congo and Zambezi, where shallow freshwater
ponds dry up completely. Protopter reaches a length of 2
m. during the dry season - from August to November-December, when
they inhabited ponds dry up, protopter digs himself a hole
in the silt that reaches 0,5-1 m, and settles on the bottom, which forms the
28
28for a special capsule. After that, it allocates a large
mucus, which glues the clay walls of the capsule. The result is something like a cocoon with a narrow passage for
breath in front of the mouth, reaching the surface and serves to
admission of air. So the fish spends long
period of time (5-6 months), curled into a ball in a position to
complete paralysis. in this period, she goes on pulmonary
breath using atmospheric air as well as metabolism
decreases sharply, the demand for oxygen is reduced. Falling
into a deep summer hibernation, this fish lives at the expense of pre-
stored fat. in the dry season, the local population goes
catch protopterov, armed with shovels and detecting them
hearing - lung respiration of fish perceptible even to the untrained
ear. After the onset of the rainy season, water softening sludge
capsule and the fish alive. The case when protopter together
with its clay cocoon has been successfully transported from Africa to Europe
after which he was "revived" in the water and lived in an aquarium a few
years. Rapid awakening of the fish from the summer slumber dangerous. Her
muscles are slowly recovers its ability to
move. In addition, it is necessary that its respiratory mechanism
had enough time to switch from pulmonary respiration
breathing gills. in this state and falls occurring
We fidget when reservoirs, where he lives, in the summer heat dries. Then the eel burrows into the mud and falls into a state of estivation. It can be found immured in the dry sludge, which has no
no moisture, and then it seems fossil. That's why he
got its name fossilis - from the Latin. fossil, which means the fossilized
the remainder of the organism that lived in ancient times. in this state
loach withstand long periods of time in unfavorable
he drought. When wet livelihoods restored. Established that the eel, although it is not dipnoi fish
breathes the air mouth, carrying it through the intestinal tract,
where gas exchange is carried out by an abundant network of tiny
blood vessels - capillaries, and throws it through
anus. Estivation in fish, like hibernation,
is acquired through evolution of biological
adaptation to the adverse living conditions. in this
state, when the fish less active and metabolic processes
substances are reduced to a minimum, they live at the expense of pre-
stored fat, and consume a small amount
oxygen. While our geographic latitudes defining
seasonality factor in the lives of amphibians (frogs, newts,
salamanders) is the ambient temperature in the tropics
and subtropics, the role played by humidity. For sufficiently
high temperature but low humidity (between
drought), amphibians usually fall into summer hibernation. in
29
29with tropical climates, where high temperature and humidity
large reptiles are active all year round. But in areas where alternate
dry and rainy seasons, when there comes a drought, destructive
for many species of amphibians, they fall into summer hibernation,
buried in pits in the soil under the roots, stones, etc. A typical
example is the island of Java, where amphibians spend
in a state of aestivation is almost 5 months. As for winter, so
and estivation amphibians do not eat all of their processes
life and metabolism slows down considerably. It is known that representatives of a broad class of reptiles
- They are animals with unstable body temperature, which depends
ambient temperature. Reptiles love
heat for hours basking in the sun. Horny coverings of their bodies
and the absence of skin glands protects them from excessive loss of
water. Some of them even have adapted to live in very dry
climates, in hot and arid deserts. However, the heat in the tropics
is the cause of the confluence of some of them in estivation. Thus,
For example, some kinds of snakes - the permanent inhabitants of hot
deserts, where they are often threatened by heat stroke - can fall
in summer dormancy in the hottest days. This is a defensive reaction
organism in which oxygen consumption and heat generation
in the body are minimal. Buried in silt flows into estivation
and Anaconda, reaching the 11-meter length. estivatsiyu in fall
and the biggest representatives of reptiles - crocodiles. When
ponds dry up, they burrow deep in the mud. Although
that its surface layer dries and hardens in the depth of moisture
stored, where they spend their summer hibernation. On this occasion
famous traveler Alexander von Humboldt led a story
One of the European colonists who had to spend the night
in the hut on the ground on the banks of the Orinoco River
(Venezuela, South America). Middle of the night he was awakened by a strong
noise, and the ground beneath their feet began moving. Clods flew in all
hand, and, finally, out of the ground will be a huge crocodile. Obviously, he was there in a state of aestivation and, to the horror
colonist, it was that night awake. All the inhabitants of the desert, as if they were not varied, there
thing in common: they all more or less adapted
a lack of water, food, shelter and sharp fluctuations in temperature. Physiology of desert animals must balance on the
very narrow line between preserving the water and heat regulation. The disappearance of the sweat glands - a measure to conserve water - means
that can be used less conventional ways to chill
animal on a hot day. This is usually achieved by large
ears or similar protuberances, which penetrated by blood
vessels as radiators, bringing heat from the animal's body. Slavering peristolapka - is a rodent of this type, which is always
existed in similar habitats, since, as mammals
30
30first colonized the hot and dry of the earth's surface. She has a small front and long back legs, adapted
for jumping. Fingers hind legs fringed with short rigid
hairs. Her kidneys are highly efficient, re-use
metabolic water to the extent that the animal's urine is greater
than twice as concentrated than in rodents of similar size
living in wet habitats. Peristolapka never drinks
water, but gets all the moisture that it needs from the plants. She even
can eat plants that are poisonous to other animals, and it has
ability to release toxic substances so that they do not
involved in any process of metabolism. It is a nocturnal animal,
but if a predator will drive her out of deep holes in the day
heat, it can cool itself, highlighting the abundant saliva and capping
foam front part of his body. Also, she spits in his
the enemy with deadly precision. Since saliva contains
most of the excretion of plant poisons, it is
is an effective weapon. Needless to say that
such a protective mechanism very quickly dehydrate an animal
and because it is used only when absolutely necessary and only
for a short time. It would be unfair, talking about dry fasting in nature,
not to mention the amazing creation of nature - the camel. This is a unique animal, created with such excellent
physical characteristics, is dedicated to serving others. Man
remains surprised by such creations of nature, which
abounds in the world. Dromedary usually eats
about 30-50 kilograms of food per day, whereas in the difficult conditions
he can live a whole month, satisfied only 2 kg of dry grass
daily. The structure of the lips and mouth allows him to easily
cracking down even with spikes can penetrate shoe leather. A four-stomach digestive system and are capable of
processed without exception, that they penetrate. This creature
can benefit even from such seemingly inedible
substances such as rubber. It is clear how important this ability
in areas with arid climate. Now let's think about
question: Do yourself a camel adapt his body to the desert
environment; agreed on the structure of their cells and blood with the principle of
water conservation; elected structure of their hair? UNI KAL NO ST ORGANIZATIONS PCA Verble Yuda
So, whatever the organism is endowed with a camel, a
unique complex, which provides an opportunity habitat
and active life in the harsh arid desert
quite a large animal with a mass of 800 kg. Wool coat. in the program of constructing the body camel
provided for manufacturing a thick coat that protects
31
31it from overheating in the scorching heat and the supercooling at low
temperatures, and prevents the great loss of moisture. This amazingly thick cover helps maintain
temperatures from - 29 ° C to +38 ° C. He is fully grows, so
Every spring shorn camel, getting to 7 kg. valuable wavy
wool. From it are made of cloth and the famous soft, fluffy
camel blankets. A balanced body temperature. The body of these animals
allows the sunlight during the day to raise the body temperature,
and automatically reduce it at night. That is, the camel is provided
well-controlled temperature balancing. At the same time
night temperature of his body falls to 34-35 ° C, and the day she slowly
increased to 40,5 ° C, so that up until the afternoon a camel to completely
cool. For example, human body temperature is almost unchanged,
except when he is sick. In summer, he
getting hot in the morning. In addition, by raising the temperature in the body
camel saves water because it reduces sweating. The current system eliminates the enhanced water yielding capacity in a hot
period, as in other animals. Thus, the body loses moisture camel
3 times slower than a donkey in the same conditions. Without water. The most wonderful ability camel is
that he can not drink more than two weeks. In this case, the animal can
to lose almost a third of its mass that fatally for almost any
beings, then it quickly filled. Maximum use of feed and water. Virtually all
Animals die when the accumulated urea in their kidneys
penetrates into the blood. Meanwhile, like a camel extracts the maximum
benefit from food and water, repeatedly recycling urea
in his liver. The structure of cells and the blood of the camel also allows
animal to endure a long thirst in a desert environment. Cell membranes in the animal body are arranged so that
prevent excessive loss of intracellular fluid. The composition of the blood of a camel that does not cause delay
in the circulation even in the case of minimum water content
in the body. In addition, his blood is different from other blood
creatures higher content of albumin - a protein
enhances endurance by dehydration. A camel can in 10 minutes. drink 100 - 150 liters. (10 buckets of water). And if
he manages to find some relatively lush vegetation
food, the body can a camel without water several
weeks. The body of desert animals, including camels,
should take care to retain maximum
moisture. It is believed that fat in the humps of camels - this is
real "water stores". and the higher the hump, so impressive
fat reserves, reaching a well-fed animals to 120 kg, which may at
32
32its decomposition to give more than 50 kg of metabolic water. But there are other opinions. The ability of camels for a long time not to drink
determined not by supply of water as previously thought, and not just those
that can break down the fat in the humps, as assumed quite
recently. Feature of camels is that they are able to
lose up to 25% of the weight due to water loss, while retaining moisture
in the blood in much larger quantities than other animals. In this case, there is no significant blood clots. Of all mammals, only the camel red blood
cells (RBCs) have an oval shape. This ensures that they
advancement through blood vessels in the case when the blood is still
becomes more dense and viscous due to severe dehydration
organism. In addition, camels lose much less water in urine
and feces than animals other natural areas. and another
feature - the camels can drink water containing significant
amount of salt. It is very important because in the desert, many reservoirs
brackish. Unpretentious in food. Camel food consists exclusively
from plants and animal can be satisfied with most
bad food. His digestive system is arranged so
appropriate that this desert dweller can eat
local spiny plants, inedible to other animals,
For example, camel thorn and even branches of mimosa, the needle is
are free to pierce the sole of his boot. And in the case of a camel
happy to eat the old basket or a bed of palm
leaves. He, like other ruminants, is forced to re-
to chew the dry plant mass. Of course, from the lush green food (beans, grains), a camel, too
not refuse, and this time he did not need water. Interestingly, when
relatively long feeding on the meadows of camels feel good
ill.
"Ships of the Desert". Thousands of years of camel transport goods and people
through the arid arid areas. He usually carries cargo
is half its weight, and most powerful - about 700 kg,
almost as much as weigh yourself. Under the saddle so on hot sand
and often without water the camel goes up to 80 km per day. in such severe
for all living conditions of any horse that did not survive. Interestingly, the life expectancy of a surprisingly resilient
inhabitants of the desert is higher than that of horses, and is 35-40 years, but
there are individuals, even the age of 70. Camels are immune to the most dangerous virus
diseases. Scientists from the United Arab Emirates offered
actively explore the protective mechanisms of one of the hardiest
animals - a camel, in order to deal with human
diseases. Project leader Dr. Sabah Jassim said,
33
33because the camels are immune to the most dangerous
viral diseases, their tissues can be used to create
effective new drugs. Camels have a unique
physiological characteristics that allow them to
exist in the harsh desert conditions. They cope with dehydration because their blood
system is able to store supplies of water, lack of food made up for
deposits of fat in the humps, camel's milk and stored
fresh much longer than cow. But that's not all. Immune
system of camels is so perfect that they are not exposed
most viral diseases, which kills more
mammals. They, like, totally impervious
to FMD and rinderpest. Camel antibodies
organism is much simpler than human, so says
Dr. Sabah Jassim, artificially recreate them much easier. Moreover, antibodies produced by camels, the size of a
small. They are easy to introduce into the human tissue or cell, wrote
Dr. Jassim in the British scientific journal "Problems of Biology". Until now, the camels as a source of making possible
agents to combat viral diseases are not human
pay attention. The medicine of tomorrow, according to Arab scholars, immune
mechanisms of the camel will not only be subject to close
study, but also a means to combat many human
diseases. Modern scientific research has shown that during hibernation
experimental animals without harm to their health
tolerate higher doses of poisons, radiation exposure, as well as
do not die and do not suffer from artificial inoculation of the microbes that
viruses, etc. This emphasizes the higher level of protective
adaptive capacity in mammals at
this version, the existence of living matter. in a state of suspended animation
living creatures (some microbes, fungi) can survive even
in the permafrost. Stability of microbial species
and plants to adverse external factors
(High and low temperatures, drought, etc.) under which they
fall into a state of rest or hibernation should be viewed as
protective device, developed over a long
evolutionary process. Of all the varieties tested and identified by means of
prolongation of life the most effective ways of irony
and fate were the most common of them - this is a decrease in temperature
the body (hypothermia), cold-blooded (poikilothermic) organisms
and reducing caloric intake of warm-blooded (gomeotermnyh)
animals. These simple effects can lead to two,
threefold increase in life expectancy ...
All these data suggest that the disease
34
34and aging is first necessary to contain the most important
in particular the regulatory systems of the body, "clean" so that they
function normally. Increasing longevity, realized
as a result of periodic dry fasting, or stay on
restricted diets, like the lengthening of life attainable
in hibernating animals, which flows in a supply
organism of its own inventory at reduced
body temperature. Established that the higher the total (for all
life) the duration of hibernation of animals, the more they
life expectancy, as total, and that part of it which
they spend in the waking state. These data are reminiscent
and confirmed the necessity of following well-known rule -
is the last time a few hours before bedtime. NATURAL AND OUTPUT and OUTPUT Artificial GI POBIO W in human  
CENTURY
Ever since the days of Aristotle humanity surprised unusual
the ability of hibernating animals endure the most difficult time
in their lives, especially starvation and cold, in a peculiar
many months of sleep, not needing it any time in the water, no food,
At the same time retaining the ability to wake up to the onset of heat
fully and to continue a normal life. Hibernation has been studied and studied deeply enough
and versatile, but science seems to be no, at St.
Gyorgyi, a fundamental fact, if you can not play it
state under experimental conditions, even more so - in the clinic. At the same time not found any functional, the more
morphological features of hibernating, distinguishes them
from nezimospyaschih. Even the EEG recorded at one
the same temperature in hibernating during hibernation and nezimospyaschih
during normal sleep, does not fundamentally differ
from each other. Some researchers believe that hibernation
by using mechanisms that operate
and nezimospyaschih animals. Not only this, people meet, and not
so rare, a condition that does differently, like hibernation,
not name. On a possible hibernation in humans is said that it -
"A state that is absolutely inexplicable by any principle." Topics
however there are a number of people who exhibit
in winter, a state close to sleep. This is true for the Inuit of northern Canada, for some tribes
northern Russia. Accumulating fat and winter, like bears, only
to a much lesser extent, the Eskimos prove that a person
have the ability to hibernate with the warming itself, huddled
other. And, there is little driving, they have a long winter, costing
half the usual diet. with the onset of winter
Eskimos wrap themselves in their fur garments - the park, leaving
35
35in it only a hole for certain physiological
needs, and remain in their homes, eating dry salmon,
hardtack, flour tortillas and water. Showing a small
physical activity, they reduce their energy costs, the
thus maintaining the stocks of nutrients in the body for
the level at which there is no danger to harm himself. Condition
deep insulin coma, some researchers because
and is called "hibernation" or wakeless, American Pathologists
Fay and Smith called artificial hibernation state, which
they caused cancer patients using hypnotics
and dosed cooling. Many cases of such reversible
states in humans as described in our press, and foreign,
However, science still can not explain why this is possible
with the person. in support can give an example, described
B. Flaygom in the book "The attention of the avalanche," published in 1960: "After
febrile razgrebaniya snow till noon on February 2 was able to extract
from under his 26-year Frayzenera, buried avalanche
January 21 at 2 am! Forces finally left it in the
when he issued a last cry for help, being already under
snow. But what is it? Frayzener began to recover and even opened
eyes! In a low voice, but quite clearly he talked about his agony
and seized him happy when he realized that he was saved, because he was
alive after 13 days spent in an avalanche. " In Russia, too, reported cases of recovery of people who died
as a result of deep freeze in the winter. Often find people
frozen to such an extent that there was no slightest manifestation
life, but once they warmed, they were revived. For example, in March 1960 in the hospital morgue, one of the farms
Kazakhstan's taken a man's body. in the act of inspection was made
record: "stiff body completely ice-covered, with no signs of
life. Tapping on the body causes a dull sound, like a shock
the tree. The temperature at the surface of the body below 0 ° C. Eyes wide
disclosed and they formed an icy crust. Pulse and respiration
not bugged. Diagnosis: general freezing, clinical
death! ". Contrary to this conclusion, Dr. PS Abrahamian took
vigorous measures to revive the victim: warm warm
water, stimulation of cardiac activity, the artificial
respiration, heart massage. One and a half hours of hard work doctor
managed to return a person to life, though had to be amputated
his fingers. Victim was 29-year-old tractor
VI Kharin. He was returning on a tractor in the village, but suddenly
motor is dead. After two unsuccessful attempts to start
motor tractor decided to get home on foot, but lost
orientation, strength left him. Then he decided to relax a bit,
he overcame a dream, then it is almost completely drifted snow. While his
sought out, it took 3-4 hours tractor driver found without a hat he lost
her on the road. 36
36Another unusual incident occurred in Tokyo. Summer 1967
dawned very hot. in one of these days, the driver of the truck-
refrigerator Masaru Saito decided to relax a bit and cool off
in the refrigerator truck which contained blocks of dry
ice, ie solid carbon dioxide. Refrigerator door suddenly
closed, and the driver was trapped, completely helpless
in front of three extremely dangerous factors: cold (-10 ° C), fast
increasing due to evaporation of dry ice concentration
carbon dioxide and oxygen deficiency arising in connection
expenditure from reserves of oxygen while breathing in a hermetically
confined space. When the driver learned of the refrigeration
chamber, he found himself in a completely frozen state, and gave no
no signs of life. But at a nearby hospital he was
provided urgent medical care, and he was rescued. Why do Kharin and Saito did not die? both as a result of
significantly lowering the temperature of the brain occurred
the so-called hypothermia, which protect nerve cells
from damage due to oxygen deficiency, as
oxygen consumption was negligible. in the case of Japanese
driver hypothermia developed rapidly and achieved great
depth. in the refrigerator was a high concentration of carbon
dioxide emitted from the dry ice that has a narcotic
impact, resulting in the degree of adaptability of the organism
to hypoxia increased. Similar results for
experiments with animals, even before these cases received a Soviet scientist
NN Timofeev. in a sealed room to him
managed for the whole day to cool the experimental animals to 5-7 ° C by
increase in carbon dioxide and reduced
oxygen, and then return the animals to life. Scientists have always
with particular interest applicable to similar striking cases
trying to give them a scientific explanation. Learning about the case with Saito in Tokyo
Yugoslavian scientist Anzhus decided to reproduce this phenomenon
in experimental conditions. He placed a white rat in a hermetically
closed glass vessel at low temperature. Fast
increased concentration of carbon dioxide emitted by rats with
breathing, contributed to the same rapid and deep cooling
animals. as a result found that rats that normally
conditions may, without danger to life transfer cooling only
up to 15-16 ° C with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide transfer
the temperature to 1-2 ° C. in other experiments it was found that lowering
body temperature slows the metabolic process
and reducing the need of animals to oxygen. When
body temperature of 28 ° C, oxygen consumption decreased to 50% of the
normally required oxygen at 24 ° C - up to 30% and at 20 ° C - up
15%. In addition, dramatically slowed heart activity, breathing
and circulation, making the life of organisms preserved in
minimal consumption of nutrient stores. 37
37But back to the cases of recovery of frozen people. Usually all
Clinical cases of death due to hypothermia temperature
internal organs of people went down, usually to 26-24 ° C.
However, there are exceptions to this rule. For example, one
of them. in February 1951 in a hospital in Chicago, brought 23-year-old
black woman, found out half-dressed in the snow. She spent the 1911
hours with fluctuations in air temperature from - 18 to - 26 ° C. Temperature
her internal organs at the time of admission was 18 ° C.
Modern surgeons are rarely solved so cool man
low temperature, even during complex operations, as
assumed that this is the limit below which may occur
irreversible changes in the cerebral cortex. But in the described
If the doctors were surprised by the fact that such a strong
supercooling of the body injured was still breathing, although rarely
(3-5 breaths per minute). Pulse was also very retarded (12-20 strokes
per minute) and irregular (pause between heart beat
reached 8.). The doctors managed to save her life, but had
amputate the feet and fingers. Until recently, scientists believed that if the drowned
Rights not taken out of water for 5-6 minutes. it is inevitable
die as a result of irreversible pathological changes in the cortex
brain caused by acute oxygen deficiency. However, it was found that in cold water, this time can significantly
last. For example, in the U.S. state of Michigan
registered a case: 18-year-old student Brian Kaninhem
fell through the ice of a frozen lake, and it drew out a
after 38 min. The victim immediately taken to the nearest
hospital, where with the help of a respirator (he inhaled
pure oxygen), he returned to life. Certainly helped
and the fact that the young man's body was chilled in an ice
water. Another case occurred in a 5-year old boy Vegard
Sletemunenom from city Lilestrema (Norway) - he failed
under the ice of a frozen river. 40 min. the lifeless body of a child
carried to the shore and started doing CPR and massage
heart. Soon the boy had signs of life, and through
two days, he recovered his consciousness and he asked: "Where are my
Glasses? "last December in the snowy mountains rescuers found
frozen body of a 35-year Japanese businessman Mitsutaki
Yuchikoshi. This happened after 24 days after his disappearance. On
time of detection, the body temperature Yuchikoshi dropped to 22 ° C, pulse
almost can not feel, the internal organs were not functioning. Businessman immediately taken to hospital where, after brief treatment
from hypothermia and blood loss Yuchikoshi came to himself, and soon
felt already and did great. "He was frozen alive and survived - said one of the healing
Doctors Mitsutaki. - If we can understand why, we have
opens many perspectives. " 38
38This case concerned scientists around the world. Perhaps
Is that the man remained a long time under the influence
low temperatures, and then fully restored its function? American scientists from Boston, Pittsburgh and Los Angeles
answer this question: "Yes, it is quite possible." Before relapsing rights in "hibernation" during the long
interplanetary flights we've seen except in science fiction
films, but very soon it may become a reality. Researchers
argue that they are close as ever to the ability to immerse a person
into a deep sleep for up to several months. Team America
scientists invented for this special blend of salt and ice
that the introduction of a man rapidly cools the blood. This plasma
rapidly reduces body temperature to 37 ° C to 10 ° C slows
metabolism, and the man falls into a kind of hibernation. However, while the new method was tested only on pigs,
which was immersed in such a dream a few hours. But
Scientists believe that "hibernation" can stretch into days, weeks and even
months. However, not all as easy as it looks at first glance. frozen people need anyway to feed
by intravenous injection and remove their waste. Hair
and the nails will not cease to grow, and deep sleep does not stop aging. in the nature of these problems, avoid a bear. Breakthrough in study of the human "sleep" is extremely important for
science in general and medicine in particular: because it will
possible return to the lives of people who drowned in the icy
water. It will also provide more opportunities for treatment
severe wounds and will revive someone whose heart stopped beating
several hours. Hence, at certain moments and in humans, like hibernating,
may "trigger" mechanisms to remove thermogenesis? Here are just a
what are these mechanisms? M. Buyanov, commenting on the famous case of lethargic
sleep for 20 years to a woman, concluded that
lethargy - the same thing as hibernation, however,
stipulating that a person is - always pathological. Analyzing these cases are described by journalists (in the scientific
literature published about them can not be found), you can catch
definite regularity - a man able to live while
without breathing and cardiac activity, ie in a state of clinical
death is much more critical of those 5-6 minutes, after which
irreversible changes occur in the brain, if you will be met
the following conditions:
• if the victim is immobile;
• if his body will be refrigerated;
• If this state will be preceded by a shock or a
or other stress. 39
39As we analyze the case all these conditions are present: a girl got on
frost in the unconscious; shock with a reflex stop
Breathing was a boy (or he just drowned to water);
severe trauma preceded lethargic
sleeping women, as they say, the yogis are able to arouse a shock
artificially. All of them were motionless, all observed
significant reduction in body temperature. Is it really should be categorically determine a person's ability
fall into a state of hibernation (hypobiosis) as pathological? Some scientists believe that the fall in the state and even hypobiosis
hibernation - the inalienable right of all life on Earth, including
plants and all animals, but man it can not be realized by
its specific evolution. "Not implemented", and we see - realized it! However, until now, we do not know how, thanks to some mechanism
implemented a universal property of living matter specifically
in humans, but this, as they say, is another question. In clinical medicine in the fifties and sixties
with a light hand and Laborie Gyugenara appeared craze
Artificial hibernation (hibernatio - hibernation), especially
in surgery of heart and large vessels. Now this fascination has passed
but something useful from this extract failed. For example,
revealed that the patient's body temperature decrease by only 1 °
reduced metabolic rate him at 5-6%, thus lowering
patient's body temperature by 20 °, can be done to reduce
exchange in the 100 (!) times, but in practice this means that a person in such
state could survive without food and water for 1-2 days, and at least 100
days, ie more than 3 months. At the same time until the temperature optimum,
inherent hibernating during hibernation (about +5 ° C) persisted
would be a significant time interval, which could allow for lower
exchange rate to tenths and even hundredths of one, thereby bringing
the possibility of human hibernation for several months hibernating hibernating. However revealed something else: the main and still irresistible
obstacle to dive into a state of artificial human
hibernation is a muscular thermogenesis, especially tremor. It occurs whenever an attempt to lower body temperature
below 28 ° C, even if it were applied relaxants and anesthesia. Tremor occurred warmed by the body, but if the cooling is still
continued, there came the energy depletion of the body, with
warming of shivering was not, but the patient often perished. As
Studies have shown that in muscle, even completely denervated,
cooling it to 28 ° tremor occurs spontaneously - perhaps a
struggle with the cold in the muscle of genetically programmed. Nevertheless, there are moments even in humans, when this barrier is at 28 ° C
becomes impossible to overcome when people cold, even below
this critical temperature, is able to return to normal
life - we see it in the above cases! If we talk only about the temperature of the body, then the person are
40
40states in which the body temperature begins to uncontrollably
fall to the lowest, if not critical, digits: this crisis
state of severe infectious diseases, and deep
shock or profound hypoglycemia. Especially in this respect
indicative of septic and burn shock. What's the matter? Perhaps, in the case of deep shock or
hypoglycemia trigger the same mechanisms as the confluence
into hibernation in hibernating? Maybe the shock - the same blank protection
nezimospyaschego for the extreme conditions that hibernation - for
zimospyaschego? In principle, the cold and dry hunger for hibernating -
too extreme conditions! Having mastered the way to cause people hypobiosis (dormant)
artificial way, you can get into the hands of a powerful arsenal
means to combat the most severe pathological conditions
and diseases, many of which are now eliminated or
difficult or impossible. - So, the experiment proved the feasibility of a hibernating
radical deliverance only sleep (!) of such serious
diseases such as syphilis, tripanosomnaya disease. There is every reason
assume that this method could be to fight sepsis
and even AIDS, since there is evidence of the successful struggle
using hibernation and viral diseases. - Total disintegration of the body, observed at hibernation,
can contribute to saving lives tyazheloobozhzhennym and
also affected with extensive crush and compression
tissue, if applied to the deploying hypobiosis toxemia - so
thus be excluded major pathological factor in injury
and prevented the development and deepening of the secondary necrosis and wound
infection. This category of victims is now the most difficult (and
expensive!) for resuscitation. - Known immunity to lethal doses of hibernating
bacterial and chemical poisons, and ionizing radiation
The same insensitivity observed in the experiment and with the
close-to-human animals - monkeys, which were irradiated
sesquioxide lethal dose of ionizing radiation in the state
clinical death, ie, the same hypobiosis. All control
animals were killed, all the experimental (clinical death
caused by blood-letting) - survived, with no radiation sickness
one of them did not develop. - Full body denervation by deep hypobiosis,
can safely stop the heart and respiration, lack of
appropriate anesthetic for most
improved anesthesia in surgery can make an entire revolution:
become perhaps the most sophisticated ("unthinkable") operations
in the most dangerous areas, for example, in the depths of the brain in many
organs and tissues at the same time - all without the usual large
surgery drama, without the risk of bleeding and no hard
41
41time limit. True, this will require surgery and other
technique, other approaches, especially the fact that reparations hypobiosis no
but all of these obstacles can be completely overcome and they are nothing
compared with the enormous profits to be gained Surgery
the use of artificial hibernation. - Total disintegration of the body at the cellular level
with deep hypobiosis bring about a new treat patients
suffering from malignant neoplasms. Established
that the hibernating during hibernation can not be called by
carcinogens develop tumors, although able to
wakefulness is easily possible, and noted the degradation of the tumor
in hibernating during hibernation, if the tumor existed
the animal during the waking state. In 1938 the American
pathologists Fay and Smith for the first time in world practice offered
method for the treatment of malignant tumors in humans using
artificial hibernation caused by cold. Clinical trials
were performed on 38 patients suffering from common
malignant tumors with metastases, including brain,
in many patients with pain were measured only with large doses of morphine. These patients after the administration of sleeping in the nude condition
obkladyvali rubber bladder filled with ice and for 5
days, maintains body temperature in the range 32,2-29,4 ° C, however,
in one case was a failure of temperature to 27,7 ° C, but without any
consequences. during hibernation in patients with no urinary,
discontinued operations intestine, virtually ceased
respiratory and cardiac activity, is completely absent
consciousness. Then the patient awakened, warmed, gave strong
hot coffee, and after 2-4 days sick again plunged into hibernation. - In total, each patient was in hibernation on average 40
days. About stay in hibernation patients had complete amnesia for
waking up they did not feel any discomfort,
Conversely, decreased or completely disappeared pain caused by
tumor, overall, the patients had
weight gain, appetite appeared, and in those cases where the brain
was struck metastases showed improvement of mental
activities. It was also noted a significant, sometimes up to 50%
reduction of tumors, there was also delay relapses,
rate of tumor growth in relapse is significantly reduced. As far as possible the authors of ways to take a biopsy of tumors
effects of hibernation, during it and after hibernation. When
comparison of drugs they observed clear changes in the process
treatment. Thus, the tumors disappeared and narrowed blood
vessels after 48 hours of cold tumor cells poorly
stained, they swell, granulated protoplasm. Observed destructive changes in hromofinnom apparatus. However, as the authors determined the way, all these changes in tumors
were recurrent in nature, except for two cases where
42
42two women with breast cancer, and tumors
and metastases disappeared completely. Fay and Smith attributed the observed changes in their
malignant tumors due to the direct effects
them cold, but the current data on hypobiosis allow
change this view. Cold - it's just a way of introducing human
in hypobiosis, it may be another, and changes in tumor tissue
were caused by hypobiosis - the profound disintegration
organism to the level of cells, which occurs when hypobiosis. Which allows to think so? The disintegration of the organism,
occurs at hypobiosis, in which each cell becomes
to itself, immediately put in an unequal healthy
and malignant cells, and in favor of the healthy. As shown
Research EG Gorozhanskoy and VS Shapot, VS Shapot rate
consumption of glucose as an energy source per unit time
malignant cells in 16 (!) times greater than the need
glucose in healthy cells. at full power
isolation cells at the advancing disintegration in hypobiosis,
cancer cells, left to itself, disconnected from the general
blood flow, which in bios supplier of glucose
at the expense of the whole organism, energy is being depleted and degraded
what is observed of American Pathologists. in their experience, difficult to
technical design, the biggest drawback was
short duration of continuous sleep, which ruled out a full
degradation of the tumor in one session and made it possible to fill
tumors in the intervals between hibernation. Nevertheless, two patients
still managed to get rid of the malignant tumors
with metastasis, which indicates the correctness of the chosen path
treatment of malignant neoplasms. Thus, if we lengthen the period of artificial hibernation and make
its continuous patient suffering a malignant tumor,
You can achieve complete degradation of the main tumor and all
without exception, its metastases, wherever and in what quantities they may
are, because in hypobiosis energy isolation
for a cancer cell would maintain in any part of the body. Ca. author. I have always been convinced that the simpler the treatment, so it
effective. in nature for every poison is the antidote. Seemed
would be if all our modern science has concentrated on
improving the mechanisms of hibernation and dry fasting in humans,
We have long been treated with cancer and other incurable diseases. Unfortunately,
We all efforts were directed at the chemistry, it's a lot of money. It should be said that such a method of treating malignant tumors
Unlike all existing may be radical in its
sense, acceptable at all stages of the prevalence of
process for all types of cancers, not
will have no contraindications and can be applied
more than once - already with a view to prevention. Such a method of treatment
43
43would be economically feasible, since it does not require
special conditions and expensive drugs, humane, because
when it is carrying out a patient will be in a state of deep
rest and do not need painkillers. In the near future may be of practical interest
hypobiosis use (and even suspended animation!) in a person's long-term
space flight. Some of our scientists without due reason
had started in criticizing the U.S. campaign to "burial alive" to
the best times of some wealthy volunteers who suffered under
life of incurable diseases - with the hope to "wake up" when
These diseases will learn to heal. Freezing and further
the content of such people was carried out at low temperatures
in liquid nitrogen, before the "funeral" was produced all the blood (such
way invoked deep hypobiosis! ), which replaces
polyhydric alcohol - glycerol. It is known that in insects,
undergoing a period of hibernation deep cooling,
in the blood also appears glycerol, which prevents the formation of
ice crystals in the supercooling and thus protects
cells from mechanical damage. Detected in the glycerol and
human blood. Can I put to sleep this way people
awaken at any time in the future? If we proceed from the concept of
profound disintegration of the organism occurs at a deeper
hypobiosis - is possible. The fact that the state of the organism,
in which each cell is "in itself", the question is not
is about the safety of entire systems and mezhorgannyh relations, complex
functions - ie, to preserve the integrity of the organism, the question is
in principle to maintain the viability of the cells, let them even
not one but many billions - that's not the quantity. And this problem
preservation of the viability of cells is solved, even in practice:
already come into the practice of using artificial
insemination of cattle semen vysokoporodnyh bulls, which
Conserve this way - quick freezing
in liquid nitrogen. Then, returning to life, the body restores itself
their intercellular communication and mezhorgannye. Interestingly, in the region
preservation and storage of bull semen taken a step further:
successfully completed studies on the drying of the conservation
viability in a vacuum bull semen, pre-
frozen in liquid nitrogen, a cellular material can be
stored indefinitely in a simple sealed ampoule. If a person is a way to enter into suspended animation, will be possible
very long and extremely long space flight with a man on
board, and the man himself will be virtually assured of immortality. I CAN T DO YOGA Falling Tb in Anab H? It is known that yogizm, one of the most ancient cultural heritages
India emerged in IV-II century. BC. er. Mention of it found
in the ancient Vedas (books of hymns and prayer books early
44
44Indo-Aryans). All forms of yoga and exercise aims to
mobilize the "latent, potential power of the body" to merge
with a "world power." Proved that the applied Hata yoga technique
- Holding the body in certain postures and breath control
- Can lead a person to complete some samoovladeniyu
autonomous functions of the body. Yoga in Sanskrit means "unity, communication." in the Hindu religious sense of the word meaning
communication, the merging of the individual soul of man which
considered a "spark of the soul world, with the Ecumenical spirit. Most
complete the merger carried out in a state called samadhi
who coached yoga sought by resorting to an ancient
Indian technique of mental self-hypnosis. According to the Hindus,
"Spirit is buried in deep thought, and the body - in a deep sleep." Indians
believe that in the spirit of this state, located in the body, fully
connects with the spirit of the universe. Historians believe that the first
Yoga appeared somewhere in the highlands of Tibet and on the slopes of the Himalayas. For the alpine climate is characterized by lack of oxygen, which
beginning to be felt at a height of 2 thousand meters Oxygen deficiency
usually leads to an increase in the volume of air passing through
lungs, ie, to enhance ventilation. Arbitrarily decreasing
ventilation residents highlands of Tibet were able to accelerate
adaptability of the body, getting used to the lack of oxygen
at the level of tissues. Quite often, write and speak about what
Yoga own hibernation, typically refer to the fact that
by regulating the breath, they can manage some
vital processes. According to Soviet physiologists
NA Aghajanian and AJ Katkov, the mystery of hibernation hide Yogi
in the total effect of the three physiological effects on the body
factors: dose of fasting, relaxation of muscles
and slow breathing (oxygen deficiency). Try and understand this and start with slow breathing. In this regard, great progress has been made not only the Masters. More
In 1930 an American physiologist, ES Schneider conducted a survey
two pilots. One of them, breathing pure oxygen, then managed
stop breathing at 14, and another - 15 min. Pearl diver
Californian, Robert Forster, after breathing oxygen
within half an hour, could remain underwater without scuba gear for
13 min. But he was not able to dive into a hypnotic
state, like the yogis. In this regard, the nature of serious
benefits are some species, such as seals. They, like people, breathe easy. To be able to for a long
time to remain under water, they have developed an evolutionary path
the ability to muscle relaxation. due to the fact that under water
muscle tone decreases, the demand for oxygen is reduced
1 / 3, and because the body's need for oxygen is the main
criterion level of activity. Not by chance in all species
45
45animals, falling into hibernation, the muscles are relaxed, the heart
barely beating, breathing is shallow and very rare. But lower
need your body in oxygen may not only seals,
bears and hedgehogs, as well as yoga and fakirs. It is available to many. in October
1974 in Delhi at the XXVI International Congress of Physiologists RK
Valays reported the results of their research on the effect,
which is achieved due to the ability to focus all attention
on relaxing the body muscles. Participated in the study (36
people) practiced for 2-3 years. They have learned in just
15 min. reduce the consumption of oxygen by 16%. People
that such training is not engaged, such an effect
can not be achieved, since even during the night consumption
Oxygen is not reduced by more than 8%. in the Soviet Union
also conducted similar studies: after an appropriate
training people lowered heart rate from
physiological 70 to 42 in a minute. in 1950, was conducted entirely
incredible experiment with 52-year-old yogi Babashri Ramadzhi
Dzhirnari described later Indian doctors in the journal Weikel
Lancet. In front of a ten thousandth of the crowd in Bombay yogi down
to dig into the ground a narrow pit-chamber on the bottom and the walls of which
protruding nails everywhere. Then, the hole sealed with cement. There's a state of "apparent death" Ramadzhi spent 56 h. After this
chamber was filled with water, and he remained under water 6.5 hours, and yet
it revived in a Bombay hospital. Can you explain it
miracle? Of course, such dramatic results can not be achieved
only workouts, the ability to relax your muscles and slow down
breathing. Before the experiment Ramadzhi within 10 days of drinking only
water and ate nothing. Did it help? Early in this century Soviet psychologist
VV Pashutin found that repeated, relatively long
starvation, oddly enough, is a kind of
exercises the brain and body: the central nervous system is more
slows the flow reserves in the body. This helps Gymnastics
and the fact that when dosed dry fasting, the brain does not suffer. is now known that fasting reduces the gas exchange
and the body is satisfied by a smaller amount of oxygen
produces less carbon dioxide. Fasting breath becomes
superficial. It differently, too, promotes relaxation. Established that the slow deep breathing (no more than four
breaths per minute) delayed at the top of inspiratory flow facilitates
venous blood to the heart. In addition, the accumulation in the body
carbon dioxide, resulting from a slower breathing
improved nutrition of the heart muscle. If, after the breath-holding
make the most of a full exhalation, you can dramatically slow down
contraction of the heart. That way, some yoga and fakirs
achieve cardiac arrest. in 1957 this phenomenon was studied in 32 -
Summer Yoga Ramananda. At full exhalation he clutched to his chest
46
46chin for 15 seconds maximum strained chest muscles
and abdomen. as a result of sharply increased intrathoracic pressure,
making it difficult to reduce the heart muscle. X-ray
unit diameter of the heart decreased by 1 cm Heart tones are not
wiretapped, the pulse is not captured, but the electrical activity
cardiac muscle is still preserved. Consequently, the total
cardiac arrest in yoga is not observed, but
reduction in heart muscle becomes so weak that it does not
was no way to identify them by ear. The first attempt
thorough physiological study of burial of yogis
performed live in 1959 at the Department of Physiology, Indian
Institute of Medical Sciences. Instead, scientists used the Tomb
transparent glass hermetically sealed chamber. it
twice within 8-10 hours there was still the same, but the 34-year-old yogi
Ramananda, behind which was a 17-year experience in this field. During his stay in the chamber Ramananda oxygen content
it decreased to 14.9%, while carbon dioxide increased to 5%. At the same time being yoga has not deteriorated, pulse rate and respiration
not increased, and oxygen consumption decreased by 40-50%. For an untrained person is prohibitively. In order to
during surgery of the chest to reduce oxygen demand
50%, surgeons with anesthesia and artificial cooling
have to lower the patient's body temperature to 28 - 30 ° C in yoga
Ramananda during the experiment body temperature was 38,4 ° C: so clearly
pronounced decrease in the body's need for oxygen, he
sought at the expense of maximum muscular relaxation. Experiments have shown Soviet scientists N. Aghajanian, G.
Davydov and A V Sergienko, people who do not engage in
special training in muscle relaxation, reduction of
oxygen content in air hermetically sealed chamber
Up to 13% and an increase in carbon dioxide to the 8% (for 16 -
17 h) resulted in a 13-fold increase in lung ventilation
increased heart rate and a sharp deterioration in their general condition. Soviet scientists have concluded that it was important to develop
ability to fall into a state of apparent death, but the ability
muscle relaxant, has fitness of the organism against
hypoxia (oxygen deficiency). That's why no accident
Yoga, before falling into a state of suspended animation, dramatically slowing their
respiratory movements. Soviet scientists, NA Aghajanian and AJ
Katkov, dealing with hibernation in humans, they write,
that in the book of Swiss anthropologist A. Stoll, "Hypnosis and suggestion
in the psychology of peoples "(1904) described a unique session,
conducted in 1837 on the initiative of Maharaja Rundzhita Singh
and an English officer Claude White. Living in the Indian city
Lahore and the surrounding villages gathered to watch as
Yogi Harida willfully fall into a deep 6-week-long sleep. Before
this test, the yoga was at 7-day dairy diet, and
47
47daily sleep washed your gastrointestinal tract. Process
descent into suspended animation began with a posture of relaxation, lowering of the head
on his chest and monotonous repetition of the same words, with the yogi
gradually began to hold their breath. When Harida asleep, a servant
close up his eyes, nose, ears and mouth with wax (so that there will not penetrate
insects). The Commission, headed by the Maharajah Singh and the Englishman
White, to exclude any possibility of deception, forced
sew yoga bag, put in the trunk, and closing, leaving
it into a closely guarded room. There's a Yogi, and slept as much as 42 days. Prior to the procedure of awakening the commission is satisfied that the integrity
print on the door of the room. When they opened the present
saw vertically placed wooden chest with a hanging
locked, sealed with a personal seal of Maharaja. Opened the trunk
and it found sewn into the bag of linen yoga. He was there
in an awkward, hunched posture in a state of torpor. His hands
wrinkled, seemed to touch wood, his head lying on the
shoulder. The doctor took him in hand to find a pulse, but he can not feel. The servant began to spray yoga warm water and rubbing his hands. After that, he wrapped his head in a heated dough made from wheat
flour, removed the wax swabs from the mouth, nose, ears and eyes, violently
opened his mouth and pulled from the depths of the larynx drawn in there language. Followed by lengthy procedures and massages, and finally a Yogi
sigh. Servant has poured into his mouth and forced oil ingested. Yogi
slowly opened one eye, then the other, his body a few times
went into convulsions. Gradually he recovered his normal color
skin, and after half an hour after the start waking Harida alive. His
first words, uttered slowly, as if he overcame
incredible weight 42-day sleep, were addressed to the Maharajah:
"Well, now you believe me?" About an hour after that Haridy
gradually to settle all manifestations of life. This
story retold many times, often distorting, but always
was evaluated as a miracle, a divine calling sleep yoga. Almost the
same way described her famous Bulgarian scientist, Academician Methodius
Popov, citing a possible reduction in active
functions of the man known even in ancient times called
Vita Minima "(" minimal life "). in fact, this
session showed the ability of yogis to perfection to manage their own
body. Director of the Paris cardiology clinic Teresa
Brose conducted a study of buried alive (animated)
Yogis and ordinary people. She found that after several years of
training a person can learn how not to breathe for 10-15 minutes. At the same time
experience a slowdown of all processes of life, as
occurs in animals during hibernation. have buried alive
Yogi heart stops, and drops the frequency and strength
heart rate. One more, one might say, unbelievable
experiment was carried out in the suburbs of the capital of India Delhi - Model Town. Yogi Swami Satiamurtri - quite an elderly man with grizzled
48
48beard - sat down to dig a pit the size of 2,5 x 2,5 m, the bottom
which was strewn with hay. There he adopted the pose grease (position
"Lotus") and performed a religious rite. After this, the feet and chest
Yoga attached electrodes. Dr. Iogesh Chandra Mathur, Specialist
for heart disease, has spent the last preparations, the yogi remained
one in the pit and its cover. Top cap stamped
15-cm layer of soil. After 7 days, "tomb" revealed
and found Satiamurtri a state of torpor in the original
it adopted a pose. His wife began to massage my head first
and upper body yoga heated olive oil. Soon he
came to his senses. After a while he drank a glass of milk and ate
little fruit. It took 8 hours, during which Yogi took several
warm baths, and looked fresh and felt good, but thinner
5 kg. Dr. Mathur, a witness, "burial" yoga, together with
its employees around the clock controlled equipment,
connected to electrodes attached to the body Satiamurtri. All data is carefully recorded throughout the experiment. Tapped and a heart murmur yoga for all seven days. Here
Dr. Mathur said that: "We have long had to wait almost forty
hours until the yogi fell into this state. During the previous experience
He succeeded only after 5 days. After this started to happen
strange phenomena, registered equipment: body temperature
decreased to 34,8 ° C, the resistance of the skin, usually fluctuating
between 3 and 8 thousand ohms, a few hours jumped sharply and exceeded
sensitivity of our apparatus, which measures the resistance
up to 2 million ohms. When the yogi fell into a state of samadhi, the resistance
in the skin decreased to normal levels. at the end of the second hour
have declined sharply yoga breathing movements. Heartbeat
first increased, then slowed down. " subsequently began
palpitations - up to 250 beats per minute (as in fast
running). Then came a short period of violation of
heart, yet not unexpectedly signaled cardiograph: Yogi
stopped the heart-his heart did not work! I do not focus it? Dr. Mathur is categorical: Yogi in no case could not turn off
electrodes and "cheat" a very sensitive microphone,
mounted in his tomb. " In addition, the audit showed
that no one of the electrodes do not touch anybody. Through
5 h after the onset of samadhi all body functions,
except for central nervous system functions have stopped. 5 days
consecutive ECG have been no cardiac activity. How can I explain all this? According to Dr. Mathura, some yoga
have the ability to reduce heart almost stopped,
significantly reduce other biological functions
body and live for several days without breathing and circulation. Dr. Mathura compares it with their state of hibernation
in some reptiles, amphibians and mammals. According to the famous fakir Yves Yvon, allowing its
49
49buried in the ground alive, an explanation of this mystery is
as follows: "I clamp the carotid artery, and feel that
lose consciousness. I fell in poluletargiyu, pulse, I almost did not
palpable, breathing nearly stops. Only thus can
survive under the ground and not to suffocate. " However, after one such
Session heartbeat had reached 250 beats per minute, and doctors
warned him that the next session might be for him
fatally, after which the fakir ceased its operations. Meanwhile, the interesting fact that yoga is not clamped his carotid
artery and use a different physiological method - gradually
slow rhythm of breathing and increase the pause between breathing
movements. Such an experience shared old yogi who looked
as a 20-year-old boy. He visited the Soviet Union and explained how
he managed to retain youthful looks: in his words, he
lives only in the afternoon. At night, it reduces the frequency of breaths
10 times and thus lives only an hour instead of ten. " Combining breathing exercises with fixed postures
and a system of self-hypnosis, yogis, probably able to reduce
consumption of oxygen and move to a level
life in which outward signs of life disappear. But yoga is not only able to "die and be resurrected." Here's how the doctor-
traveler Harry Wright in his book "Witness witchcraft"
(1971) describes practiced by some African priests
rite of resurrection fallen into anabiotic state "witch":
"On the ground lay a healthy young men taller than 6 feet (1
foot equals 0.3048 meters), with a broad chest and strong arms. I got so
to enclose it with his body, and quick movement raised his
ever, to test the response of pupils according to the method Argila-Robinson. Reaction was not. Also tried to find his pulse. Pulse was not. I have not found and signs that he is working heart ... Us
surrounded by a group of thirty people. Low voices, they sang
some rhythmic song. It was something between a howl
and growl. They sang a faster and more high voice. As
if the dead had to hear these sounds. What it turned out
my surprise when, exactly what happened - the "dead" suddenly
ran his hand over his chest and tried to turn around. Cries surrounding the
its people have merged into a loud scream. The thunder of drums became more
furious. in the end lying on the ground is still turned
tucked under her legs and slowly began to crawl. His eyes, a few
minutes ago, did not react to light now were wide open
and directed at us. Apparently, this young man with
self-hypnosis has developed in the cortex of his brain controlling
point to specific musical rhythm. and nothing else except
these musical rhythms, could not revive him. " Of course,
science is still at the beginning of the study of phenomena of this kind, but
In many countries, carries out scientific surveys of yogis, who have fallen
a state of suspended animation. 50
50Currently, besides doctors and physiologists, methods vpadaniya
interested in a state of suspended animation, and experts in the field
space biology. This is one of the favorite topics of writers
sci. But how could an ordinary person or a cosmonaut, not a yogi,
in fact, fall into a state of suspended animation? Back in 1901 Professor
Bakhmetiev in his article "The recipe on how to survive until the XXI Century"
described in detail how the transition takes place in a state of suspended animation
in higher animals: "The first warm-blooded animal must
turn into a beast with the changing temperature of blood that
achieved with anesthesia ... This is necessary in order to
mammalian respiration could proceed as in frogs,
insects, etc., ie, when the temperature is lowered, it would have faltered. Otherwise, the animal will be in vain to lose strength against the cold
and it will drain it prematurely. After anesthesia the animal must
make a cold air bath, the temperature which should
gradually decrease with a special controller. Now fairly well known that general anesthesia and
pharmacological agents can lead only to
in short-term partial state of suspended animation, which was
use in surgical practice.
Dr.-Filonov-myths_about_fasting-Translated.txt
Summarize the following text section accurately and concisely. Maintain specific details and numerical information, and use anti-repetition mechanisms:

        But
in this case, the breakdown products of proteins appeared in trace
quantities. Kidney bear was isolated only a few drops
urine, which through the bladder wall sucked back
in the blood. Along with these discoveries have not yet established why
Bears in the organism does not accumulate toxic breakdown products,
primarily urea, which is the active state of the animal
removed from his body in urine. Regardless of the fact that during the period
hibernation the body temperature of bears, sometimes significantly
fell, all the metabolic processes proceeded normally. Except
addition, we found out that at room temperature
- 8 ° C on the surface of the skin bears the temperature is maintained
+35 ° C, in the rectum +22 ° C, in the oral cavity +35 ° C (at +38 ° C
in an active state). However, heart rate
and respiratory rate significantly decreased. Interest in the unique
data about the hibernation of bears due to the search
modern medical science. Hibernation of black bears
can serve as a model for the selection of diet in chronic
renal failure. in the animal body, which flows
in hibernation, there is no common end-products of decay
protein, and blood concentrations of amino acids, protein, alkaline salts
etc. remains unchanged throughout the winter. In addition,
nitrogen in the abdominal cavity does not accumulate. That is why, if scientists
be able to get a pure substance (presumably hormone),
entering the body from the hypothalamus of bears, with the help of
which are regulated by living processes during hibernation,
they will be able to successfully treat people suffering from kidney disease. If the slow decay of proteins, reduce the formation of urea
and thus can protect the patient's body man
27
27from a surplus of this poison. If it is possible to allocate
This alleged hormone, may hope to create on its basis
drugs for the treatment of several diseases (chronic diseases
kidneys, insomnia, obesity, etc. ). If we have learned so
hibernate under adverse conditions, like bears, we
would be able to live a few hundred years. Disclosure of secrets can bear
interest and expertise in space medicine from the point
of future ultra-long space flights. This interest
due to the fact that the bears are sleeping 3-5 months of the year
but something similar could be applied to the astronauts, which will
opportunity to save stocks of food that can not be
to take the spacecraft in the required quantities. Existing T LEE LE TNYAYA Hibernation in the animal world. Interesting biological phenomenon, caused by periodic
(Or unexpected), meteorological variables
changing conditions of life in the summer season is
the so-called estivation in animals, which, in essence,
very similar to hibernation. The scientific name of estivation,
As we have already mentioned - estivatsiya (from Lat. aestas - «Summer"). in such
inactive status falls several species of animals upon the occurrence of
extreme heat and drought, where it becomes impossible to find food
and water to survive. Estivation - common in some
fish species. Especially it is characteristic of the inhabitants of freshwater
reservoirs, mainly equatorial and tropical regions
globe. Relatively well studied estivation in fish
dipnoi - African and American protoptera
cheshuychatnika. African protopter representing
is a rare creation of nature, may truly be called
unusual fish. in certain animal encyclopedias
World Brem protopter called fish-salamander. Many scientists
studying the evolution of the animal world, believe that this creature,
probably the first attempt of nature to transform it from
Water in a land dweller and 400 million years ago. The reason
This assumption is the fact that this fish, but
gill system used for respiration and the pair Swimming
bubble, abundantly rich blood capillaries
and playing the role of the lungs. For movement on the earth's surface
Nature has endowed the fish instead of flexible fins are very hard
spikes, resembling legs. These fish have adapted
endure long dry spells, which are often
happen in Central Africa and mainly in the tributaries
White Nile, the Congo and Zambezi, where shallow freshwater
ponds dry up completely. Protopter reaches a length of 2
m. during the dry season - from August to November-December, when
they inhabited ponds dry up, protopter digs himself a hole
in the silt that reaches 0,5-1 m, and settles on the bottom, which forms the
28
28for a special capsule. After that, it allocates a large
mucus, which glues the clay walls of the capsule. The result is something like a cocoon with a narrow passage for
breath in front of the mouth, reaching the surface and serves to
admission of air. So the fish spends long
period of time (5-6 months), curled into a ball in a position to
complete paralysis. in this period, she goes on pulmonary
breath using atmospheric air as well as metabolism
decreases sharply, the demand for oxygen is reduced. Falling
into a deep summer hibernation, this fish lives at the expense of pre-
stored fat. in the dry season, the local population goes
catch protopterov, armed with shovels and detecting them
hearing - lung respiration of fish perceptible even to the untrained
ear. After the onset of the rainy season, water softening sludge
capsule and the fish alive. The case when protopter together
with its clay cocoon has been successfully transported from Africa to Europe
after which he was "revived" in the water and lived in an aquarium a few
years. Rapid awakening of the fish from the summer slumber dangerous. Her
muscles are slowly recovers its ability to
move. In addition, it is necessary that its respiratory mechanism
had enough time to switch from pulmonary respiration
breathing gills. in this state and falls occurring
We fidget when reservoirs, where he lives, in the summer heat dries. Then the eel burrows into the mud and falls into a state of estivation. It can be found immured in the dry sludge, which has no
no moisture, and then it seems fossil. That's why he
got its name fossilis - from the Latin. fossil, which means the fossilized
the remainder of the organism that lived in ancient times. in this state
loach withstand long periods of time in unfavorable
he drought. When wet livelihoods restored. Established that the eel, although it is not dipnoi fish
breathes the air mouth, carrying it through the intestinal tract,
where gas exchange is carried out by an abundant network of tiny
blood vessels - capillaries, and throws it through
anus. Estivation in fish, like hibernation,
is acquired through evolution of biological
adaptation to the adverse living conditions. in this
state, when the fish less active and metabolic processes
substances are reduced to a minimum, they live at the expense of pre-
stored fat, and consume a small amount
oxygen. While our geographic latitudes defining
seasonality factor in the lives of amphibians (frogs, newts,
salamanders) is the ambient temperature in the tropics
and subtropics, the role played by humidity. For sufficiently
high temperature but low humidity (between
drought), amphibians usually fall into summer hibernation. in
29
29with tropical climates, where high temperature and humidity
large reptiles are active all year round. But in areas where alternate
dry and rainy seasons, when there comes a drought, destructive
for many species of amphibians, they fall into summer hibernation,
buried in pits in the soil under the roots, stones, etc. A typical
example is the island of Java, where amphibians spend
in a state of aestivation is almost 5 months. As for winter, so
and estivation amphibians do not eat all of their processes
life and metabolism slows down considerably. It is known that representatives of a broad class of reptiles
- They are animals with unstable body temperature, which depends
ambient temperature. Reptiles love
heat for hours basking in the sun. Horny coverings of their bodies
and the absence of skin glands protects them from excessive loss of
water. Some of them even have adapted to live in very dry
climates, in hot and arid deserts. However, the heat in the tropics
is the cause of the confluence of some of them in estivation. Thus,
For example, some kinds of snakes - the permanent inhabitants of hot
deserts, where they are often threatened by heat stroke - can fall
in summer dormancy in the hottest days. This is a defensive reaction
organism in which oxygen consumption and heat generation
in the body are minimal. Buried in silt flows into estivation
and Anaconda, reaching the 11-meter length. estivatsiyu in fall
and the biggest representatives of reptiles - crocodiles. When
ponds dry up, they burrow deep in the mud. Although
that its surface layer dries and hardens in the depth of moisture
stored, where they spend their summer hibernation. On this occasion
famous traveler Alexander von Humboldt led a story
One of the European colonists who had to spend the night
in the hut on the ground on the banks of the Orinoco River
(Venezuela, South America). Middle of the night he was awakened by a strong
noise, and the ground beneath their feet began moving. Clods flew in all
hand, and, finally, out of the ground will be a huge crocodile. Obviously, he was there in a state of aestivation and, to the horror
colonist, it was that night awake. All the inhabitants of the desert, as if they were not varied, there
thing in common: they all more or less adapted
a lack of water, food, shelter and sharp fluctuations in temperature. Physiology of desert animals must balance on the
very narrow line between preserving the water and heat regulation. The disappearance of the sweat glands - a measure to conserve water - means
that can be used less conventional ways to chill
animal on a hot day. This is usually achieved by large
ears or similar protuberances, which penetrated by blood
vessels as radiators, bringing heat from the animal's body. Slavering peristolapka - is a rodent of this type, which is always
existed in similar habitats, since, as mammals
30
30first colonized the hot and dry of the earth's surface. She has a small front and long back legs, adapted
for jumping. Fingers hind legs fringed with short rigid
hairs. Her kidneys are highly efficient, re-use
metabolic water to the extent that the animal's urine is greater
than twice as concentrated than in rodents of similar size
living in wet habitats. Peristolapka never drinks
water, but gets all the moisture that it needs from the plants. She even
can eat plants that are poisonous to other animals, and it has
ability to release toxic substances so that they do not
involved in any process of metabolism. It is a nocturnal animal,
but if a predator will drive her out of deep holes in the day
heat, it can cool itself, highlighting the abundant saliva and capping
foam front part of his body. Also, she spits in his
the enemy with deadly precision. Since saliva contains
most of the excretion of plant poisons, it is
is an effective weapon. Needless to say that
such a protective mechanism very quickly dehydrate an animal
and because it is used only when absolutely necessary and only
for a short time. It would be unfair, talking about dry fasting in nature,
not to mention the amazing creation of nature - the camel. This is a unique animal, created with such excellent
physical characteristics, is dedicated to serving others. Man
remains surprised by such creations of nature, which
abounds in the world. Dromedary usually eats
about 30-50 kilograms of food per day, whereas in the difficult conditions
he can live a whole month, satisfied only 2 kg of dry grass
daily. The structure of the lips and mouth allows him to easily
cracking down even with spikes can penetrate shoe leather. A four-stomach digestive system and are capable of
processed without exception, that they penetrate. This creature
can benefit even from such seemingly inedible
substances such as rubber. It is clear how important this ability
in areas with arid climate. Now let's think about
question: Do yourself a camel adapt his body to the desert
environment; agreed on the structure of their cells and blood with the principle of
water conservation; elected structure of their hair. UNI KAL NO ST ORGANIZATIONS PCA Verble Yuda
So, whatever the organism is endowed with a camel, a
unique complex, which provides an opportunity habitat
and active life in the harsh arid desert
quite a large animal with a mass of 800 kg. Wool coat. in the program of constructing the body camel
provided for manufacturing a thick coat that protects
31
31it from overheating in the scorching heat and the supercooling at low
temperatures, and prevents the great loss of moisture. This amazingly thick cover helps maintain
temperatures from - 29 ° C to +38 ° C. He is fully grows, so
Every spring shorn camel, getting to 7 kg. valuable wavy
wool. From it are made of cloth and the famous soft, fluffy
camel blankets. A balanced body temperature. The body of these animals
allows the sunlight during the day to raise the body temperature,
and automatically reduce it at night. That is, the camel is provided
well-controlled temperature balancing. At the same time
night temperature of his body falls to 34-35 ° C, and the day she slowly
increased to 40,5 ° C, so that up until the afternoon a camel to completely
cool. For example, human body temperature is almost unchanged,
except when he is sick. In summer, he
getting hot in the morning. In addition, by raising the temperature in the body
camel saves water because it reduces sweating. The current system eliminates the enhanced water yielding capacity in a hot
period, as in other animals. Thus, the body loses moisture camel
3 times slower than a donkey in the same conditions. Without water. The most wonderful ability camel is
that he can not drink more than two weeks. In this case, the animal can
to lose almost a third of its mass that fatally for almost any
beings, then it quickly filled. Maximum use of feed and water. Virtually all
Animals die when the accumulated urea in their kidneys
penetrates into the blood. Meanwhile, like a camel extracts the maximum
benefit from food and water, repeatedly recycling urea
in his liver. The structure of cells and the blood of the camel also allows
animal to endure a long thirst in a desert environment. Cell membranes in the animal body are arranged so that
prevent excessive loss of intracellular fluid. The composition of the blood of a camel that does not cause delay
in the circulation even in the case of minimum water content
in the body. In addition, his blood is different from other blood
creatures higher content of albumin - a protein
enhances endurance by dehydration. A camel can in 10 minutes. drink 100 - 150 liters. (10 buckets of water). And if
he manages to find some relatively lush vegetation
food, the body can a camel without water several
weeks. The body of desert animals, including camels,
should take care to retain maximum
moisture. It is believed that fat in the humps of camels - this is
real "water stores". and the higher the hump, so impressive
fat reserves, reaching a well-fed animals to 120 kg, which may at
32
32its decomposition to give more than 50 kg of metabolic water. But there are other opinions. The ability of camels for a long time not to drink
determined not by supply of water as previously thought, and not just those
that can break down the fat in the humps, as assumed quite
recently. Feature of camels is that they are able to
lose up to 25% of the weight due to water loss, while retaining moisture
in the blood in much larger quantities than other animals. In this case, there is no significant blood clots. Of all mammals, only the camel red blood
cells (RBCs) have an oval shape. This ensures that they
advancement through blood vessels in the case when the blood is still
becomes more dense and viscous due to severe dehydration
organism. In addition, camels lose much less water in urine
and feces than animals other natural areas. and another
feature - the camels can drink water containing significant
amount of salt. It is very important because in the desert, many reservoirs
brackish. Unpretentious in food. Camel food consists exclusively
from plants and animal can be satisfied with most
bad food. His digestive system is arranged so
appropriate that this desert dweller can eat
local spiny plants, inedible to other animals,
For example, camel thorn and even branches of mimosa, the needle is
are free to pierce the sole of his boot. And in the case of a camel
happy to eat the old basket or a bed of palm
leaves. He, like other ruminants, is forced to re-
to chew the dry plant mass. Of course, from the lush green food (beans, grains), a camel, too
not refuse, and this time he did not need water. Interestingly, when
relatively long feeding on the meadows of camels feel good
ill. "Ships of the Desert". Thousands of years of camel transport goods and people
through the arid arid areas. He usually carries cargo
is half its weight, and most powerful - about 700 kg,
almost as much as weigh yourself. Under the saddle so on hot sand
and often without water the camel goes up to 80 km per day. in such severe
for all living conditions of any horse that did not survive. Interestingly, the life expectancy of a surprisingly resilient
inhabitants of the desert is higher than that of horses, and is 35-40 years, but
there are individuals, even the age of 70. Camels are immune to the most dangerous virus
diseases. Scientists from the United Arab Emirates offered
actively explore the protective mechanisms of one of the hardiest
animals - a camel, in order to deal with human
diseases. Project leader Dr. Sabah Jassim said,
33
33because the camels are immune to the most dangerous
viral diseases, their tissues can be used to create
effective new drugs. Camels have a unique
physiological characteristics that allow them to
exist in the harsh desert conditions. They cope with dehydration because their blood
system is able to store supplies of water, lack of food made up for
deposits of fat in the humps, camel's milk and stored
fresh much longer than cow. But that's not all. Immune
system of camels is so perfect that they are not exposed
most viral diseases, which kills more
mammals. They, like, totally impervious
to FMD and rinderpest. Camel antibodies
organism is much simpler than human, so says
Dr. Sabah Jassim, artificially recreate them much easier. Moreover, antibodies produced by camels, the size of a
small. They are easy to introduce into the human tissue or cell, wrote
Dr. Jassim in the British scientific journal "Problems of Biology". Until now, the camels as a source of making possible
agents to combat viral diseases are not human
pay attention. The medicine of tomorrow, according to Arab scholars, immune
mechanisms of the camel will not only be subject to close
study, but also a means to combat many human
diseases. Modern scientific research has shown that during hibernation
experimental animals without harm to their health
tolerate higher doses of poisons, radiation exposure, as well as
do not die and do not suffer from artificial inoculation of the microbes that
viruses, etc. This emphasizes the higher level of protective
adaptive capacity in mammals at
this version, the existence of living matter. in a state of suspended animation
living creatures (some microbes, fungi) can survive even
in the permafrost. Stability of microbial species
and plants to adverse external factors
(High and low temperatures, drought, etc. ) under which they
fall into a state of rest or hibernation should be viewed as
protective device, developed over a long
evolutionary process. Of all the varieties tested and identified by means of
prolongation of life the most effective ways of irony
and fate were the most common of them - this is a decrease in temperature
the body (hypothermia), cold-blooded (poikilothermic) organisms
and reducing caloric intake of warm-blooded (gomeotermnyh)
animals. These simple effects can lead to two,
threefold increase in life expectancy. All these data suggest that the disease
34
34and aging is first necessary to contain the most important
in particular the regulatory systems of the body, "clean" so that they
function normally. Increasing longevity, realized
as a result of periodic dry fasting, or stay on
restricted diets, like the lengthening of life attainable
in hibernating animals, which flows in a supply
organism of its own inventory at reduced
body temperature. Established that the higher the total (for all
life) the duration of hibernation of animals, the more they
life expectancy, as total, and that part of it which
they spend in the waking state. These data are reminiscent
and confirmed the necessity of following well-known rule -
is the last time a few hours before bedtime. NATURAL AND OUTPUT and OUTPUT Artificial GI POBIO W in human  
CENTURY
Ever since the days of Aristotle humanity surprised unusual
the ability of hibernating animals endure the most difficult time
in their lives, especially starvation and cold, in a peculiar
many months of sleep, not needing it any time in the water, no food,
At the same time retaining the ability to wake up to the onset of heat
fully and to continue a normal life. Hibernation has been studied and studied deeply enough
and versatile, but science seems to be no, at St. Gyorgyi, a fundamental fact, if you can not play it
state under experimental conditions, even more so - in the clinic. At the same time not found any functional, the more
morphological features of hibernating, distinguishes them
from nezimospyaschih. Even the EEG recorded at one
the same temperature in hibernating during hibernation and nezimospyaschih
during normal sleep, does not fundamentally differ
from each other. Some researchers believe that hibernation
by using mechanisms that operate
and nezimospyaschih animals. Not only this, people meet, and not
so rare, a condition that does differently, like hibernation,
not name. On a possible hibernation in humans is said that it -
"A state that is absolutely inexplicable by any principle. " Topics
however there are a number of people who exhibit
in winter, a state close to sleep. This is true for the Inuit of northern Canada, for some tribes
northern Russia. Accumulating fat and winter, like bears, only
to a much lesser extent, the Eskimos prove that a person
have the ability to hibernate with the warming itself, huddled
other. And, there is little driving, they have a long winter, costing
half the usual diet. with the onset of winter
Eskimos wrap themselves in their fur garments - the park, leaving
35
35in it only a hole for certain physiological
needs, and remain in their homes, eating dry salmon,
hardtack, flour tortillas and water. Showing a small
physical activity, they reduce their energy costs, the
thus maintaining the stocks of nutrients in the body for
the level at which there is no danger to harm himself. Condition
deep insulin coma, some researchers because
and is called "hibernation" or wakeless, American Pathologists
Fay and Smith called artificial hibernation state, which
they caused cancer patients using hypnotics
and dosed cooling. Many cases of such reversible
states in humans as described in our press, and foreign,
However, science still can not explain why this is possible
with the person. in support can give an example, described
B. Flaygom in the book "The attention of the avalanche," published in 1960: "After
febrile razgrebaniya snow till noon on February 2 was able to extract
from under his 26-year Frayzenera, buried avalanche
January 21 at 2 am. Forces finally left it in the
when he issued a last cry for help, being already under
snow. But what is it. Frayzener began to recover and even opened
eyes. In a low voice, but quite clearly he talked about his agony
and seized him happy when he realized that he was saved, because he was
alive after 13 days spent in an avalanche. " In Russia, too, reported cases of recovery of people who died
as a result of deep freeze in the winter. Often find people
frozen to such an extent that there was no slightest manifestation
life, but once they warmed, they were revived. For example, in March 1960 in the hospital morgue, one of the farms
Kazakhstan's taken a man's body. in the act of inspection was made
record: "stiff body completely ice-covered, with no signs of
life. Tapping on the body causes a dull sound, like a shock
the tree. The temperature at the surface of the body below 0 ° C. Eyes wide
disclosed and they formed an icy crust. Pulse and respiration
not bugged. Diagnosis: general freezing, clinical
death. ". Contrary to this conclusion, Dr. PS Abrahamian took
vigorous measures to revive the victim: warm warm
water, stimulation of cardiac activity, the artificial
respiration, heart massage. One and a half hours of hard work doctor
managed to return a person to life, though had to be amputated
his fingers. Victim was 29-year-old tractor
VI Kharin. He was returning on a tractor in the village, but suddenly
motor is dead. After two unsuccessful attempts to start
motor tractor decided to get home on foot, but lost
orientation, strength left him. Then he decided to relax a bit,
he overcame a dream, then it is almost completely drifted snow. While his
sought out, it took 3-4 hours tractor driver found without a hat he lost
her on the road. 36
36Another unusual incident occurred in Tokyo. Summer 1967
dawned very hot. in one of these days, the driver of the truck-
refrigerator Masaru Saito decided to relax a bit and cool off
in the refrigerator truck which contained blocks of dry
ice, ie solid carbon dioxide. Refrigerator door suddenly
closed, and the driver was trapped, completely helpless
in front of three extremely dangerous factors: cold (-10 ° C), fast
increasing due to evaporation of dry ice concentration
carbon dioxide and oxygen deficiency arising in connection
expenditure from reserves of oxygen while breathing in a hermetically
confined space. When the driver learned of the refrigeration
chamber, he found himself in a completely frozen state, and gave no
no signs of life. But at a nearby hospital he was
provided urgent medical care, and he was rescued. Why do Kharin and Saito did not die. both as a result of
significantly lowering the temperature of the brain occurred
the so-called hypothermia, which protect nerve cells
from damage due to oxygen deficiency, as
oxygen consumption was negligible. in the case of Japanese
driver hypothermia developed rapidly and achieved great
depth. in the refrigerator was a high concentration of carbon
dioxide emitted from the dry ice that has a narcotic
impact, resulting in the degree of adaptability of the organism
to hypoxia increased. Similar results for
experiments with animals, even before these cases received a Soviet scientist
NN Timofeev. in a sealed room to him
managed for the whole day to cool the experimental animals to 5-7 ° C by
increase in carbon dioxide and reduced
oxygen, and then return the animals to life. Scientists have always
with particular interest applicable to similar striking cases
trying to give them a scientific explanation. Learning about the case with Saito in Tokyo
Yugoslavian scientist Anzhus decided to reproduce this phenomenon
in experimental conditions. He placed a white rat in a hermetically
closed glass vessel at low temperature. Fast
increased concentration of carbon dioxide emitted by rats with
breathing, contributed to the same rapid and deep cooling
animals. as a result found that rats that normally
conditions may, without danger to life transfer cooling only
up to 15-16 ° C with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide transfer
the temperature to 1-2 ° C. in other experiments it was found that lowering
body temperature slows the metabolic process
and reducing the need of animals to oxygen. When
body temperature of 28 ° C, oxygen consumption decreased to 50% of the
normally required oxygen at 24 ° C - up to 30% and at 20 ° C - up
15%. In addition, dramatically slowed heart activity, breathing
and circulation, making the life of organisms preserved in
minimal consumption of nutrient stores. 37
37But back to the cases of recovery of frozen people. Usually all
Clinical cases of death due to hypothermia temperature
internal organs of people went down, usually to 26-24 ° C. However, there are exceptions to this rule. For example, one
of them. in February 1951 in a hospital in Chicago, brought 23-year-old
black woman, found out half-dressed in the snow. She spent the 1911
hours with fluctuations in air temperature from - 18 to - 26 ° C. Temperature
her internal organs at the time of admission was 18 ° C. Modern surgeons are rarely solved so cool man
low temperature, even during complex operations, as
assumed that this is the limit below which may occur
irreversible changes in the cerebral cortex. But in the described
If the doctors were surprised by the fact that such a strong
supercooling of the body injured was still breathing, although rarely
(3-5 breaths per minute). Pulse was also very retarded (12-20 strokes
per minute) and irregular (pause between heart beat
reached 8.
The primary goal of the study of hibernation in bears is to understand how they do not accumulate toxic breakdown products, such as urea, in their bodies.
What is the primary goal of the study of hibernation in bears?
The protoptera fish has adapted to survive in hot and dry environments by producing mucus, which glues the clay walls of its capsule, and it can survive for 5-6 months without food or water.
What is the unique adaptation of the protoptera fish to survive in hot and dry environments?
The main obstacle to achieving artificial hibernation in humans is the difficulty in reducing muscle tone and slowing down the heart rate.
What is the main obstacle to achieving artificial hibernation in humans?
The study of hibernation in humans is significant because it may lead to the development of new treatments for various diseases, such as kidney disease, and may also provide insights for long-duration space flights.
What is the significance of the study of hibernation in humans?
Hibernation is a state of deep sleep that occurs in response to cold temperatures, while estivation is a state of dormancy that occurs in response to hot and dry conditions.
What is the difference between hibernation and estivation?