A carrier or transporter can be a hormone, protein, steroid or
mineral. When you are seeking true healing, health and vitality, therefore, you
must think cellularly. Healing must happen at the cellular level for true,
lasting health and vitality to exist. Spiritually speaking, all life, no matter how
small or how large (atoms to universes and everything in between), when
manifested physically, must have a mental body (mind portion) and an
emotional body (astral portion). This is true for each of your cells, as well asfor all plants, all animals, and your entire body. A great example is
documented by Christopher Bird and Tom Hopkins in their book 
The Secret
Life of Plants,
 which tells about the ability of plants to feel and remember. These abilities become more obvious in animals, and more so with human
beings. Cells respond to external stimuli not only from hormones, minerals,
sugars, proteins and the like; their ability to function is greatly affected by the
body’s pH factors (acidosis), by congestion, types of foods consumed, and
chemical consumption. They also respond to thoughts and emotions
(feelings). The types of thoughts and feelings you have, harbor or carry
around with you play a major role in cellular functioning. To enjoy a state of
total health and vitality it is necessary to clean (detoxify) your body, your
mind and your emotions, and thus set yourself free. As the initial parent cell divides, tissues are formed, then organs and
glands, and so on. There are two types of cell division—meiosis and mitosis. Through meiosis and mitosis the body grows and repairs itself. Let’s now
examine the grouping of cells called tissues. Types of Cell Division
M
EIOSIS
A cell divides with only half of the chromosomes of the related somatic or
non-reproductive cell. (These cells replace.) M
ITOSIS
Cells divide each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent, or
somatic cell. (These cells create.) MODULE 2.4
Tissues
 
Most of your individual cells are grouped together to form tissues. Then
tissues can be grouped together to form organs and glands. There are four
primary types of tissues that comprise, line, support, protect or control the
basic structures of your body.TYPES OF TISSUES
 
EPITHELIAL
 — Covers the surface and linings of the body’s cavities or
from glands. Found in the digestive tract, lungs, blood vessels, etc. CONNECTIVE
 — This type of tissue is supportive and holds all cells,
organs and glands together. MUSCULAR
 — These tissues support your skeletal structure and are used
for movement of various structures, including your limbs. NERVOUS
 — These tissues comprise your information highway, the
nervous system. These tissues are highly charged and allow electrical
transmissions to take place. Disease is Not Found in Healthy Tissue
When tissues, organs, or glands fail to do their job, this sets up a domino
effect throughout your body, causing many different disease symptoms. Vibrant health = healthy tissue
 
Tissue regeneration = alkalization + detoxification + nutrition + energy =
vibrant health
 
 
Remember that all your tissues are made up of individual cells, each
requiring nutrition, energy and proper elimination. Now let’s examine the tissues called organs and glands in each body
system. MODULE 2.5
The Cardiovascular System and Blood
 
HEART 
Your heart is a four-chamber holding and receiving organ with a system of
valves that allow blood in and out. You have two chambers on the right and
two chambers on the left. The upper chambers are called atrials and the lower,
larger chambers are called ventricles. Fresh, oxygenated blood comes from
the pulmonary arteries into the upper left atrial and moves through the mitral
valve into the lower left chamber (left ventricle), then out into the body to
feed and oxygenate. This blood comes back around after making its journey
through miles of the vascular system, back into the upper right arterial, then
down to the right ventricle, and then off to the lungs for more oxygen. Your
adrenal glands play a major role in how 
strongly the heart pumps, and in its
rhythm. The heart is said to be a pump, but actually gets its pressure from the
lungs. VASCULAR SYSTEM
 
Although arteries, capillaries and veins are not organs or glands, they are a
link to every cell in your body, including those that form organs and glands. Their job is to carry vital fuels and building materials to all the cells. Your
vascular system carries your physical life force, the blood. Blood is used to
transport nutrition, hormones, enzymes, oxygen, antioxidants, etc. It works
with your lymphatic system in helping remove cellular and metabolic wastes,
and can dramatically affect your body temperatures. The health of your cells
depends upon the health and strength of your vascular system and the blood
that flows through it. Vessels: Arteries, Capillaries, Veins
ARTERIES
 — These carry fresh oxygenated blood (which is also “nutrient-
rich”) from your lungs via the pulmonary arteries, to the heart; then
throughout your body to all the cells, tissues, organs and glands. CAPILLARIES
—Capillaries are tiny (minute) vessels that connect the
smallest arteries (called arterioles) to the beginnings of the smallest veins
(called venules). Oxygen and other elements are now exchanged for carbon
dioxide, other gases and metabolic wastes. These are carried through the
venous system back to your lungs, kidneys and colon for elimination. Blood
capillary walls consist of only one single layer of squamous cells(endothelium). VEINS
 — As previously stated, your venous system carries carbon dioxide,
cellular wastes and other toxins from the cells and interstitial areas back to the
lungs and other eliminative organs to be eliminated. This is a constant cycle
that runs night and day, 365 days a year, until death. An acidic diet, excessive
“glue-like” foods (like refined starches), chemicals, heavy metals, minerals,
and a lack of calcium utilization (from an underactive thyroid gland), all
cause damage to this vital system. Your vascular walls are sensitive to
inflammation from acids that are ingested or that are a by-product of
metabolism. If this inflammation goes unchecked by steroids (from the
adrenal glands), it can cause cholesterol plaquing. This leads to occlusions
(blockages) that can cause heart attacks, strokes, tissue death and systemic
death. BLOOD
 
Blood and chlorophyll are the liquid nectars of life; the life force condensed
into nutrients, fuels, building and repair materials, and the like. Without them,
plant, animal and human life would come to an end. All creatures in nature
have some sort of “blood” or “life force” that sustains their physical body. Your blood consists of formed elements and plasma. The formed
elements include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes)
and platelets (thrombocytes). The plasma consists of 92 percent water and 8
percent of various substances including nutrients, proteins, ions, gases,
metabolic by-products, etc. The chart on the following page will give you an
overview of what’s in your blood serum. The blood contains two basic types of cells: erythrocytes and leukocytes. Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes are red blood cells (RBCs). They are red because of their
hemoglobin content. The heme part of the hemoglobin carries one iron atom,
which binds to one oxygen molecule, giving it the red color. The globin (a
protein) bonds to carbon dioxide. Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon
dioxide. Combined with its hemoglobin, these cells transport 97 percent of
your systemic oxygen and 92 percent systemic carbon dioxide. An enzyme
called carbonic anhydrase, found in erythrocytes, catalyzes (changes) 
carbondioxide into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. This is for transportation
purposes, as carbon dioxide lowers the body’s pH, making it more acidic. The lungs convert hydrogen and bicarbonic ions back into carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide now can be exhaled without creating excessive acidosis in the
body. Leukocytes
Leukocytes are white blood cells (WBCs). These are immune cells and are
covered under the Immune System section of this chapter. The four types of
leukocytes are: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes (macrophages),
eosinophils and mast cells. Erythrocytes (RBCs) and leukocytes (WBCs) are derived from what are
called stem cells. Your blood carries many substances that are vital to the
health of your body via its cells. It also carries metabolic and cellular wastes
and by-products. Your body is always seeking to maintain an alkaline/acid balance. Alkalinity dominates all fluids and tissues, except in the stomach. Your blood
plays a vital role in this balancing process, from breaking down carbon
dioxide to supplying electrolytes, steroids (lipids), etc. One of the best
examples of this balancing process is the way the red blood cells, through
carbonic anhydrase, 
first convert cellular and systemic carbon dioxide
(acidic) into bicarbonate ions (alkaline), and then convert these back to
carbon dioxide when these ions reach the lungs. As stated earlier, humans belong to the frugivore species, which is an
alkaline species. The chart on the previous page points out where alkaline
fluids predominate in the human body, and the damaging effects of acidosis
in these various areas. When your diet is predominantly acid forming, your hormones become
out of balance, your food then ferments and putrefies instead of properly
digesting, and excessive mucus and inflammation is produced. Your blood
becomes toxic and your lymphatic system becomes clogged. This is called
disease by many. Always keep your body alkaline, toxic free, and clean—internally, as
well as externally. This creates true health and vitality. MODULE 2.6
The Digestive System
 
MOUTH AND SALIVARY GLANDS
 The mouth offers the mechanical (teeth) and initial enzyme breakdown of
whole food sources into smaller and simpler complexes. The salivary glands
secrete amylase (ptyalin), which is an alkaline digestive enzyme for starch
and carbohydrate breakdown. This enzyme hydrolyzes starch and glycogen
to maltose. STOMACH
 
The stomach is located between your esophagus and duodenum (first portion
of the small bowel). It is below the diaphragm and to the right of the spleen. A portion of the stomach lies under the liver. Foods enter the upper portion
of the stomach through the cardiac sphincter valve and leave through the
pyloric sphincter valve. The wall of the stomach has four layers. The inner
lining or mucosa contains simple tubular glands that secrete your gastric
juices. Some secrete pepsinogen and others HCL (hydrochloric acid). There
are also cells that secrete mucus. When we see, smell, or imagine food, this triggers the secretion of gastric
juices. The actual presence of food stimulates production of the hormone
gastrin from the stomach, which in turn releases more gastric juice. Protein digestion begins in the stomach when the HCL converts
pepsinogen to pepsin, which then breaks down complex protein structures
into smaller structures called peptones. This is an acid digestive process. If
there isn’t any protein in the food consumed, the stomach acts as a temporary
holding compartment for carbohydrate and fat digestion. These foods start
digesting in the mouth with alkaline digestive juices—amylase (ptyalin), etc. If protein is present, then the stomach acids neutralize these enzymes until
these foods move into the duodenum where they are reactivated and added to. The stomach acts like a time-release capsule, allowing your food time to
digest (or be broken down) so the body can actually use it properly. The
action of your stomach is through nerve and hormonal control. The stomach
can absorb mostly alcohol and water, including tinctured herbs and some fruit
and vegetable juices. Spiritually speaking, your stomach reflects the solar plexus, which is the
center of the nerve field that feeds the head (upper), mid, and lower
extremities of the body. Weaknesses of the stomach 
can weaken your whole
body, affecting emotions (can foster fear), oxygen demands, consciousness,headaches, and other conditions. SMALL INTESTINES
 
The small intestines make up the first part of the bowel structure. The small
intestines are smaller in diameter than the colon, but are four to six times as
long. There are three distinct sections that make up the small intestines, each
having its own job to do. Duodenum
This first section of the small intestine is approximately 8-11 inches long. Through the common bile duct it receives digestive enzymes, alkalizing
sodium of bicarbonate from the pancreas, and alkalizing bile from the
gallbladder/ liver. The major portion of this section of the small intestines is
primarily digestive and alkalizing. Hormone secretion is also an aspect of the
duodenum. Duodenum Hormones
P
EPTIDE
Stimulates the release of pertidase to finish final protein digestion into amino
acids
S
ECRETIN
Stimulates sodium of bicarbonate and bile for alkalization and fat breakdown
C
HOLECYSTOKININ
Stimulates pancreatic enzymes and contracts the gallbladder for bile
extraction
Duodenum Enzymes
P
EPTIDASE
Completes protein breakdown into amino acids
S
UCRASE
, M
ALTASE
 
AND
 L
ACTASE
(lactase only to age 3) Change complex sugars into monosaccharides or
simple sugars 
It is important to understand that the small intestinal walls are made up of
circular folds (or 
villi)
 called plicae circulares. The mucosa folds itself into
these villi or microvilli to increase the absorption surface of the intestines. These appear like ripples or waves that allow the body maximum potential for
digesting and absorbing its nutrition. There are glands called Lieberkuhns at the base of many of the villi (in
the duodenum), which secrete digestive hormones and enzymes. Jejunum
The second portion of the small intestine is approximately 8 feet long. The
duodenum and jejunum make up two-fifths of the small intestines. Digestive
enzymes from the duodenum are now acting upon most of the food particles. Absorption of vital nutrients is now taking place as the digestive enzymes
break down the food particles to their simplest form. Ileum
The third portion is approximately 15 to 30 feet long and comprises the lower
three-fifths of the small intestine. Most of the by-products of digestion now
have become amino acids (building blocks), monosaccharides (fuels), fatty
acids (oil and fuel), glycerol, vitamins and minerals. These are now being
absorbed or mixed with water to continue on their way out into the colon. This liquid mixture now passes into the first part of the large bowel known as
the cecum, which is the first section of the ascending portion. PANCREAS
 
The pancreas is both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland and is located
in a horizontal position behind the stomach in front of the first and second
lumbar vertebrae. The head of the pancreas is attached to the duodenum
(small 
intestines) and the tail of the pancreas reaches to the spleen. The body of the pancreas has many exocrine glands, which have their
own ducts all leading into the main pancreatic duct, which joins the common
bile duct. The common bile duct empties into the duodenum (the first portion
of the small intestines). All through the exocrine gland tissue are masses ofcells called Islets of Langerhans. These are the endocrine systems of the
pancreas. This endocrine portion of the pancreas will be discussed along with the
entire endocrine gland system covered later in this chapter. Since we are
considering digestion now, we want to examine the exocrine portion of the
pancreas, the ducted portion. These glands supply the bulk of the digestive
enzymes needed to break down your food. They also supply sodium
bicarbonate, which is an alkalizing substance called chyme, which is
necessary to alkalize the stomach contents. This chyme is full of HCL
(hydrochloric acid) and pepsin. Sodium bicarbonate and bile from the
gallbladder join in the duodenum to activate the alkaline digestive enzymes of
the pancreas and intestinal wall. If the stomach contents cannot be alkalized,
then proper digestion is halted. Your food then ferments and putrefies,
causing excessive gas. You then have lost the nutritional value of your foods. Pancreatic Juice and its Function
S
ODIUM
 B
ICARBONATE
Alkalizer and enzyme activator (neutralizes stomach acid). T
RYPSINOGEN
An enzyme that is converted into trypsin in the duodenum. C
HYMOTRYPSINOGEN
An enzyme that is converted into chymo-trypsin in the duodenum. (Trypsin
and chymotrypsin finish protein digestion, converting peptones to peptides. From here, peptides are broken down [from the intestinal wall] by protease
into amino acids—the basic building blocks of protein structures.) A
MYLASE
An enzyme which breaks down (hydro-lyzes) starch (maltose) or complex
sugars (di- and poly-saccharides) into monosac-charides, or simple sugars. L
IPASE
An enzyme that emulsifies (breaks down) fats into fatty acids and glycerol. This mixture of enzymes and sodium bicarbonate is called the pancreatic
juice. Pancreatic juice has a pH of 8.4 to 8.9, which is alkaline. Pancreatic
juice is stimulated by two hormones, se-cretin and cholecystokinin, which are
produced by the duodenal mucosa. This pancreatic juice flows through themain pancreatic duct to the common bile duct and then into the duodenum. Pancreatic juice includes sodium bicarbonate (alkalizer) and the enzymes:
trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, amylase,
 and 
lipase
. Your pancreas is one of your vital organs. It is destroyed by acidosis and
harmful chemicals. What destroys the liver also destroys the pancreas. Spiritually speaking, your pancreas is tied to your thought processes and how
they manifest. LIVER
 
Your liver can be compared to a huge chemical factory that supplies a whole
city with its functional (metabolic) needs. It has been said that it would
require 500 acres of land to build such a factory. Your liver has so many
different functions that researchers still haven’t discovered them all. It is
enough to say that we should take care of this most precious organ. The liver is the largest organ in your body and carries on the most
functions. It is situated mostly on your right side beneath your diaphragm,
level with the bottom of your sternum. The bottom of the liver is concave and
covers your stomach, duodenum (the first portion of the small intestines) ,
hepatic flexure of the colon (upper right turn), right adrenal gland, and the
upper portion of the right kidney. Your liver has four lobes and is covered by a thick, tough, fibrous
membrane called the Glisson’s capsule. All your blood vessels and hepatic ducts enter the liver at the hilus. There
are many small intrahepatic bile ducts running through the liver, all leading
into the main hepatic duct, which joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder,
which then forms the “common bile duct.” This common bile duct then enters
the upper portion of your small intestine, called the duodenum, at the papilla
of Vater. This is the main digestive area of the body. The functional parts of your liver are the liver lobules, consisting of the
liver cells (hepatocytes), which are permeated by blood capillaries called
sinusoids. The sinusoids are lined with the Kupffer cells (macrophages),
which are the immune cells of the liver. Four Basic TasksThe liver has four basic tasks, out of which arise a multitude of functions. These tasks are:
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION
 — The liver stores various amino acids
obtained from digestion, then reconstructs them for essential body proteins. The liver converts excess glucose into glycogen (stored fat), then converts the
stored glycogen back to glucose when the body needs extra fuel. The liver
also stores and distributes various vitamins, including Vitamin A, D, E, and K
(your fat-soluble vitamins). Your liver also stores various minerals, including
iron and copper. CONVERSIONS, SYNTHESIS, BIOLOGICAL TRANSMUTATIONS
— The liver stores glycogen, and when your blood glucose levels drop, it
will convert this stored fat (glycogen) into glucose again. If our glycogen
reserves are depleted, it will convert other fats and even stored amino acids
into glucose. This shows you that the number one priority of your body is the
need for fuels for energy (glucose/fructose). Liver Function
A
MINO
 A
CID
 M
ETABOLISM
Synthesis of non-essential amino acids. Will convert amino acids into glucose (energy) if needed. (It is not
recommended to allow your body to get this far in its energy needs.) Forms urea from excess amino acids and ammonia. C
ARBOHYDRATE
 M
ETABOLISM
Converts monosaccharides (other than glucose) into glucose. Excessive glucose is converted and stored as glycogen, and vice versa. F
AT
 M
ETABOLISM
Cholesterol is synthesized for new cell growth and steroid production. Lipo proteins, which are transporters of fat, are synthesized. Fatty acids are converted to acetyl groups or ketones, which are used for
energy. Bile pigments, including bilirubin, are formed from the hemoglobin of
old red blood cells. Bile is synthesized for fat emulsifying and alkalizing stomach contents. The liver converts ammonia from excessive protein consumption into
urea, which is then excreted by the kidneys. Your liver synthesizes Vitamin K
and other various clotting factors, 
including prothrombin and fibrinogen. It
synthesizes non-essential amino acids for growth and repair functions. Cholesterol is synthesized for use in cell membrane walls, steroid
production, and for anti-inflammatory purposes. Various minerals and
elements are transmuted into other elements. An example of this is silica,
which is transmuted into calcium. The liver also synthesizes albumin and
globulin, which are carrier molecules. SECRETION
 — Your liver produces and secretes approximately 1 liter of
bile per day. Bile is a fat emulsifier and alkalizing agent. DETOXIFICATION
 — The liver’s immune (Kupffer) cells digest bacteria,
viruses and other pathogens within the blood from the digestive tract. A
healthy liver can metabolize hormones, chemical drugs, and other chemicals
to a certain degree. However, our daily ingestion of these substances is more
than most livers can cope with. The liver also produces enzymes to help with
the above detoxification process. You can see from the above functions and processes what your liver
does, and how important it is to keep it healthy! Acidosis, alcohol, toxic
chemicals, drugs, etc., are all extremely harmful to your liver. Almost all
drugs, especially coal tar products like aspirin, severely destroy its tissues. It’s
your liver—send it love and be good to it! Your liver is also tied to your mind in ways not yet understood by most
people. When the liver is inflamed and impaired in its function, so is your
mind. This can create low self-esteem and anger. Remember that your body
develops and functions according to how you treat it. Be good to yourself. GALLBLADDER
 
Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac that is located on the underside of the
right lobe of your liver. Your gallbladder is a “holding tank” for bile, which
is produced in the liver. As bile is stored in the gallbladder, the body removes
water from it, making it concentrated. As bile is needed for digestive purposes, it moves through a 3-inch duct
called the cystic duct into the hepatic duct, which then forms the common bileduct. The hepatic duct then empties into the duodenum (the first portion of
the small intestine). Bile is used as an alkalizer, anti-inflammatory, and emulsifier of fats. It
works with pancreatic lipase to break down large fat molecules. Bile contains
bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, organic and inorganic substances and salts,
lecithin, mucin, etc. Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) is a hormone from the intestinal wall (of
the duodenum) that causes the gallbladder to contract, releasing bile. Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) is triggered by fats entering the small bowel. In Summary
 
The tissues of the alimentary canal, which is called the digestive tract, are
formed from several layers of cells. The first layer is called the mucous
membrane; it lines all passages and cavities of the body that have contact with
oxygen. This mucous membrane consists of epithelial cells, also referred to as
the mucosa, which secretes moisture or mucus to aid in the protection and
function of the respective organ. We also have the sub-mucosa or basement
membrane. Then the connective and the smooth muscle tissues. Most of the
mucus of the mucosa comes from the Brunner’s glands, which are located in
the sub-mucosa. We consume food and drink for the very purpose of obtaining fuels, as
well as for building and repairing materials. Basically, most elements and
compounds are used as energy sources for the body. All foods and drinks
must first be broken down from their gross unusable forms into their simplest
or nutritional substances so the body can absorb them and use them. Cell
membrane walls have microscopic 
pores so that only the simplest of elements
can enter. If not, large particles may enter and cause cellular damage. Physically, however, most by-products of digestion, if properly broken
down into their simplest form, can now be absorbed through the villi into the
capillary (blood) bed. The blood now acts as a transporter, carrying the
nutrients, building blocks and fuels to the liver, then to the heart, and finally
releasing them into the general system for its needs. By-products of digestion
include amino acids, monosaccharides (simple sugars), fatty acids, glycerol,
vitamins and minerals, etc.MODULE 2.7
The Eliminative System
 
 
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
 
The immune and lymphatic systems work together, offering your body both
protection and elimination, respectively. Both fall under the category of
“Eliminative System,” but they are each a separate system unto themselves. Let’s examine each of these systems and how they work, both separately and
as a team. The lymphatic system acts as your septic system. It provides not only
protection for cells, but serves to remove wastes as well. Cells eat and excrete
like you do, only on a much smaller scale. The blood carries the nutrition and
fuels to the cells, and your lymph system removes the by-products and wastes
caused from metabolizing these nutrients and fuels. The lymph system consists of the lymph fluid, lymph vessels, lymph
nodes, spleen and the thymus gland. Lymph Fluid
The lymph fluid is an alkaline, translucent fluid that flows from the cells to
the venous blood supply via the lymph vessels. Your lymph fluids act as the
water that carries the wastes from your toilet to the septic system. Lymph fluid removes approximately 10 percent of the total fluidsupplied by the blood system to a cell. The lymph fluid is the medium or
“plasma” that carries a host of substances that need to be removed from cells,
as well as substances that are used to protect the cell. These include:
Excessive unused proteins (including albumin and globulin, etc.) Salts and ions
Gases and toxic, metabolic wastes
Ureas
Fats (possible anti-inflammatory compounds)
Glucose
Hormones, steroids and enzymes
Unused nutrients, especially artificial vitamins
Parasites (bacteria, etc.) Chemical toxins, sulfa drugs, chemical medications, etc. Minerals (unusable by cells)
Immune cells, especially lymphocytes (T- and especially B-cells),
macrophages (monocytes), etc. Dying body cells (due to atrophy or acidosis)
Fats from the small intestinal tract and liver, which are absorbed through
small lymph vessels called lacteals. There is not a “heart” to pump and pressurize your lymph system, so
your lymph fluids move by means of the following methods:
 
Pressure changes that are reflected through the blood vascular system. Contraction of your skeletal muscles, which are activated through
movement and exercise. Contraction of smooth muscle stimulation. Low blood pressure (adrenal glands), lack of exercise or inactive
lifestyle, impacted bowels, and congested kidneys and skin will all cause your
lymph system to back up. Over-consumption of proteins (many of which are abrasive [foreign] to
the body), acids, and mucus-forming substances (milk, complex sugars, etc.) will also burden your lymph system, causing it to become congested and
stagnant. All of this together creates a heavy immune burden and response,
and cellular autointoxication leading to cellular hypoactivity and death. In my
opinion, this is where cancer originates.Lymph Vessels
Lymph vessels extend throughout your body and mimic your blood vessels,
except they are larger. The lymph capillaries (and blood capillaries) extend
into almost all the interstitial areas of all cells. They are not found in the bone
marrow, epidermis (outer layer of skin), in cartilage, or in the central nervous
system. Blood plasma that leaves the blood capillaries nourishes and carries
energy factors to cells. The cells’ wastes from metabolizing these elements are
excreted into what now has become the interstitial fluid, which is collected
into the small capillaries of the lymph system. The small capillaries lead into
the larger lymph vessels (veins with valves) and off to the lymph nodes and
filtering organs, like the spleen, liver, tonsils and appendix, etc. The
lymphatic vascular bed moves throughout the body in the same way your
blood vessels do. The thoracic duct, which begins in the abdomen, acts as an enlarged sac,
which receives lymph vessels from the lower extremities (limbs) and pelvic
areas, including the stomach and intestines. This thoracic duct moves upward
through the thorax, picking up lymph vessels from the ribs (intercostal areas),
then moves to the left subclavian area (trunk), where it recedes and drains the
left upper extremities. The left jugular trunk also drains here, which allows
the left side of the head and neck to drain properly. The right side of the
head, neck and thorax drain or are connected to the right lymph duct. As the lymph flows through the lymph vessels toward the subclavian
veins, it passes through the lymph nodes, which contain macrophages to
phagocytize (consume and destroy) bacteria or other pathogens (antigens). As the lymph fluid is 
cleaned, neutralized and filtered, it re-enters the blood
stream at the internal jugular and the right and left subclavian blood veins. Lymph Nodes
You have thousands of small septic tanks called lymph nodes throughout
your body. Your lymph nodes are bean-shaped holding tanks, or “septic
tanks,” that are used by your lymph system to filter, neutralize, bond and
destroy pathogens (toxins), antigens, etc. They consist of a fibrin net, which
serves as a filter for lymph cells. Lymph nodes range in size—from that of a
small penny to almost the size of a quarter. The lymph nodes consist of:
Lymphocytes (including T and B cells)Neutrophils
Plasma cells
Macrophages (large amounts)
Antigens
Antibody molecules
The main network, or grouping, of lymph nodes are in the:
 
Neck, upper shoulder and chest area. These serve as filters for the head
area (cervical nodes)
Axilla (arm pits), which filter the thoracic (chest) areas and upper
extremities (axillary nodes)
Groin area for pelvis and legs (lower extremities, inguinal nodes)
Mesentery or abdominal area (filters the gastrointestinal tract)
When the lymph system becomes overburdened with toxins, parasites,
weakened cells from acidosis, mucus, metabolic wastes, etc., your lymph
nodes will become enlarged and swollen. Your tonsils are an excellent
example of this. Dairy products and refined sugars cause a lot of mucus
production from the mucosa, which in turn causes congestive problems
(including sinus, throat, bronchi and lungs, etc.). When the tonsils swell from
this massive overload, sore throats, inflammation and mucus discharge are
some of the symptoms. Colds and flu are another symptom of congestion
needing to come out. When doctors remove tonsils because of a lack of understanding about
congestion and the lymphatic system, it sets up a chain reaction. Removing
the tonsils causes a burden in the lymphatic system (in the surrounding
tissues). This then leads to stiff necks, cervical spine deterioration, pressure
build-up in the brain, ears, eyes (glaucoma), etc. Most doctors do not know
how to aid the body in ridding itself of this congestion. Detoxification is the only true answer to this problem. Tissue removal
and the treatment of symptoms with sulfa drugs (antibiotics) only add to the
problem. Spleen
Your spleen is an oval-shaped, semi-dark red organ. It is located on your left
side (upper left quadrant), to the left of and behind (posterior to) the stomach.In the embryo stages, the spleen served as a red- and white-blood-cell
creator. However, shortly after birth, the spleen produced only lymphocytes
and monocytes (WBCs). The spleen is full of the type of lymphocytes called
macrophages, which remove pathogens and toxins of all kinds from the
blood and lymph. The spleen acts as a blood reservoir or holding tank where blood is
stored for emergencies. The spleen also destroys weakened, toxic and old
blood cells, creating bilirubin from their hemoglobin. Bilirubin gives bile its
unique color. Keeping your spleen healthy helps to keep your immune, lymphatic and
blood systems healthy. In spiritual circles, the spleen reflects the lower mind
(called the “causal mind”), where duality or creation truly starts. Your spleen
is the vehicle for the universal mathematics that affect your physical body. Its
spiritual color is orange. Thymus Gland
The thymus gland will be covered later in this chapter, under the Endocrine
System. However, it is enough to say that it is a gland that matures and trains
B-cells, converting them into T- and helper T-cells, which are a part of your
NK (natural killer) cells. These are for cellular-mediated response to
pathogens. Summary: The Lymphatic System
The physical body is a city unto itself. Your immune and lymphatic systems
act like a police force and sanitation department, all wrapped into one. The
lymphatic system picks up the trash from each house in the city (each cell);
trash will vary, of course, depending upon the “lifestyle” within each
house/cell. The lymph system, along with its immune cells, has the job of
protecting and keeping your body clean. Many foods that people routinely eat clog and over-burden the lymphatic
system. Colds, flu, allergies, sinus congestion, bronchitis, lung issues—
including pneumonia and asthma (with adrenal weakness)—along with
mumps, tumors, boils, lymphomas, skin rashes, dandruff, etc., are nothing
more than an over-burdened, congested lymph system. All dairy products (pasteurized or raw), refined carbohydrates (complex
sugars), irritants (peppers, cola, etc. ), toxic chemicals, foreign protein (meat,etc.) cause a lymphatic response of the mucosa, namely excessive mucus
production. Furthermore, these substances can be harmful to cells, especially
inviting parasitic invasion. Your lymphatic system’s job is to try to stop this
“terrorist” attack within the tissues of the body. However, once the body
becomes over-bombarded with this mucus from the lymph system, the mucus
itself then becomes the problem. It can block proper cellular function, causing
hypoactivity of the respective organ or gland. Again, an example of this response is seen in the body’s reaction to dairy
foods. Their proteins are so abrasive, concentrated and harm- ful to us that
ingesting them creates excessive mucus production. It creates such a chain
reaction that you can feel this mucus building up in your sinus cavities, throat
and lungs. This causes you to lose your sense of smell, taste and hearing, and
impedes your breathing. It also congests your thyroid gland, eventually
affecting your whole body in a multitude of ways. It’s ironic that we drink
milk for calcium when its effects can lead to the body’s inability to utilize
calcium. Spiritually speaking, your blood and lymph system is a reflection of
spirit. It enhances and nourishes you, but it also cleans and educates you. If it
becomes “bottled up” or stagnant, you become bottled up and stagnant. Disease sets in and death can occur. Clean and open all the pathways within yourself and let spirit (blood and
lymph) flow through you unobstructed. This will bring a sense of well-being
that’s unimaginable. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
 
Your immune system is the police force of your body. It offers protection
from invaders (parasites) and toxins. Without your immune system, you
would not be able to live on this planet. (Remember the “boy in the bubble”
who had no immune system?) Two Types of Immune Systems
You have two types of immune systems at work. They are the 
extracellular
immune system
 and the 
intracellular immune
 system. EXTRACELLULARIMMUNE SYSTEM
—Extracellular immunityprotects your internal organs, glands, and tissues. It protects conditions
outside of a cell. This type of immunity has been called many names,
including “adaptive,” “innate,” “humoral” or “antibody-mediated” immunity. However, they are really all the same type, mechanically. Simply put, extracellular immunity starts at conception with the memories
genetically passed to cells from the parents, which set the immunity patterns
for the child. This type of immunity is truly adaptive, as your immune system has a
mind like you do. It can comprehend, remember, and supply protection from
invaders and toxins on a day-today basis, creating immunity. It “trains” itself
to be ready the next time a similar invasion takes place. This is the beauty of
God at work. INTRACELLULARIMMUNESYSTEM
—Intracellu- lar immunity exists
inside the cell. This is called “cell-mediated immunity.” This type of
immunity involves T-cell response to chemicals released by the cell itself. Immune Cell Response
Each of these two systems of protection (the extracellular and the
intracellular) offers a specific type of response. EXTRACELLULAR RESPONSE
 — Antibody (humoral) immune
response consists of plasma B-cell lymphocytes, which are produced in
response to destructive antigens with subsequent antibody formation. This
type of response generally creates immunity to the particular type of antigen
and is considered an extracellular response. INTRACELLULAR RESPONSE
 — Cell-mediated immune response
(cellular response) is the production of T-cells by the thymus gland in
response to foreign antigens that need to be removed. This is an intracellular
immune response. Your immune system will respond in one of two ways, depending upon
the above. The first or primary response (reaction) is the initial reaction to an
invader. This is a slow, but thorough, response in which T- and B-
lymphocyte antibodies are created to attach to the invading or spreading
pathogens (microorganisms). The secondary response (reaction) is the immediate response by T- and
B-memory cells, which have done battle before with this particular antigen or
pathogen. Now these cells can seek out and destroy known invaders, becausethey are familiar with them and know how to destroy them. Both of the above responses are designed to neutralize or eliminate
destructive cells or pathogens (toxins and parasites). They are determined by
the need for either a non-specific immune response or a specific immune
response. Non-specific Immune Response
 — (Inflammation) The response of the
tissues and cells to an injury from any source. These sources include
chemicals, trauma, invading organisms, etc. Specific Immune Response
 — A much stronger response, which takes
place when inflammation is not strong enough, or is inadequate to handle
the injury or invasion. This response falls directly under T- and B-cell
control. At the bottom line, your immune system rids itself of unwanted invaders
in two ways, phagocytosis and inflammation. Inflammation can be local
(cellular) or systemic (in many places throughout the body). PHAGOCYTOSIS
—The ingestión, neutralization or destruction of foreign
substances, including microorganisms, their parts, toxins, as well as dead or
weakened body cells, and parasitically invaded cells. Cells that create
phagocytosis are called phagocytes. Neutrophils and macrophages make up
the bulk of these types of cells. INFLAMMATION
 —
Local Inflammation
 is confined to a specific area. Redness, swelling and
heat are experienced from the dilation of the vascular (blood) system. Pain can result in these areas from the swelling and chemical reaction on
nerve receptors. Systemic Inflammation
 oftentimes goes unnoticed until destruction
occurs. Hormone 
imbalances, high acid-forming diets and heavy
chemical ingestion through foods, air and cosmetics create this type of
inflammation. Most of the time, this inflammation goes unnoticed until
you begin to experience hypoactivity of tissues, glands and organs. As
your glands fail to do their job, this creates a domino effect, causing
many disease symptoms. As previously stated, the lymphatic and immune systems work hand-in-
hand as if they were one system. The lymphatic tissues, organs and
physiological processes are involved in identifying, transporting andeliminating antigens or pathogens. This system is also responsible for
producing the immune response. There are basically two lines of defense that your body has to protect
itself from foreign substances, including unwanted microorganisms. They are
mechanical (structural defenses) and chemical (mediated defenses). MECHANICAL DEFENSES (STRUCTURAL)
— Skin, mucous membrane, tears, saliva, stomach acids, urine. Site-specific
protection is affected by the “mucosa immunity system” of the mucosa of the
respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal lining, which have clusters of
lymphoid cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages. CHEMICAL DEFENSES (MEDIATORS)
 — These chemical catalysts are
substances your body uses to bring about an innate immune response. Some
chemicals form barriers in the cell membrane wall to stop invasion by
parasites. Cells also produce enzymes called lysosomes, which are designed
to digest or kill parasitic invaders. Lysozyme
 — (enzymes) in tears, sweat and saliva kills various
microorganisms. Mucus
 — produced by the mucous membrane, coats and supplies WBCs
that are designed to phagocytize, neutralize or destroy antigens and
pathogens. Histamine
 — chemicals (which are released from microorganisms or
damaged cells) that attract leukocytes (white blood cells) for emergency
aid. Prostaglandins
 — a biologically active, carbon-20-based unsaturated
fatty acid, metabolized from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins have a
multitude of functions, including vasodilatation and glucose metabolism. They are mediators of many chemical processes. Leukotrienes
 — promote inflammation by dilation of the vascular system
(capillaries, etc.). They also increase vascular permeability (the ability to
secrete blood, nutrition and immune cells through the walls of the
capillaries, etc.). Vascular permeability allows fibrinogen and proteins to
enter the lymph fluids around a cell. Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin,
which is then used to block off the affected areas. Leukotrienes also
stimulate phagocytosis by macrophages, as well as attract WBCs for
emergency aid. Interferons
 — a type of protein that protects cells from viral invasion. They attach themselves to cell walls, and stimulate that cell’s productionof antiviral properties (proteins). Kinins
 — attract WBCs. Complement
 — a group of proteins (complement proteins) known to
attract WBCs. To understand autoimmune conditions, let’s examine your internal
immune system further. As you have learned, your internal immune system is designed to
eliminate weak and para-sitically involved cells. Cells have “markers”
(antigens) on their surfaces which identify them for what they are. These
markers identify them as either a “self” or “non-self type of cell. Antigens
Antigens are substances that create an immune response. Antigens are
proteins or oligosaccharides 
(compounds made up of a saccharide). There are
two types of antigens: self-antigens and foreign antigens. SELF-ANTIGENS
 — Substances (proteins, etc.) created by your cells to
stimulate an immune response. These types of antigens generally are part of a
cell membrane wall and act as “markers” or signals for immune cell response. These types of antigens have also been called auto-antigens. FOREIGN ANTIGENS
 — Substances or parasites that are introduced into
the body from the outside world. These include:
Microorganisms
Particles (fragments) of microorganisms
Acids
Chemicals of all types
Proteins that are foreign or unusable by the body
Splinters, wood, glass, etc. Every single thing in creation is unique. However, there are numerous
similarities. Our planet is home to many different races of humans and
species of plants and animals, each type identified by various shapes,
colorings and markings. The same is true of your cells and their membrane
walls (their outer skin), and each cell is unique unto itself. Cell walls are composed of proteins (chained amino acids), cholesterol
(inflammation protection) and phospholipids. When a cell becomes
weakened, these proteins and antigens change, which sends a signal for the
cell’s destruction. The outer body or cell wall changes, just as your skin
changes when the cells that comprise it begin to fail. Immune Cell Response to Antigens (B-Cell Response)
LYMPHOCYTES — To activate a specific immune response, your
lymphocytes must be activated. This activation is triggered by an antigen (a
signal). Lymphocytes have antigen-binding receptors on their surfaces. These
receptors are specific in nature and are designed to bind specific antigens. INTERLEUKINS — Interleukins, which are produced and released by
macrophages and helper T-cells, stimulate lymphocytes to divide after
antigens are captured (bound) to the lymphocyte (immune cell). Then:
The antigen is processed (neutralized and broken down) by macrophages
and B-cells. Macrophages present the processed antigen to helper T-cells. Interleukin
is released, causing helper T-cells to divide, thus increasing their
numbers. Helper T-cells combine with the B-cells (that originally processed the
antigen), resulting in the formation of cells that produce antibodies
against the antigen. Role of Protein “Markers”Identify a cell for type and health (strong and weak). Stimulate the production of antibodies by B-lymphocytes to neutralize or
destroy the cell. Stimulate cytotoxic (chemicals that destroy cells) responses by
granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Normal body cells that become damaged or weakened can appear as foreign
antigens, inviting an immune response by macrophages, neutrophils,
monocytes, etc. This stimulates the production of antibodies by B-
lymphocytes to neutralize or destroy the cell if needed. As noted, it also
stimulates cytotoxic responses by granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. This is where the “autoimmune” illusion is first created. When a cell
changes its morphology through acidosis, toxic chemical influence, etc., this
changes its signal to immune cells (the police), which are now considered
foreign antigens or cells that can affect other cells and thus need to be
eliminated. Antibody-Mediated Response
ANTIBODIES — When your body is exposed to an antigen (parasites,
toxins, etc. ), it activates B-cells, which produce antibodies. These antibodies
bind to the antigens and in the process destroy the toxins. Antibodies are
found in your body fluids. This is why this type of immunity is called
extracellular (outside of the body) immunity. Antibodies can bind to
macrophages, basophils and mast cells.Antibodies are y-shaped glycoproteins produced by B-lymphocytes (B-
cells) in response to the presence of antigens. Each antibody consists of four
polypeptide (two or more amino acids) 
chains, which create the binding sites
for antigen adhesion. They are considered immunoglobulins (consisting of
many different antibodies). Almost all of your antibodies, except your
naturally inherited ones (based on blood types), are created by B-cells
bonding with a foreign antigen. Antibodies are called gamma globulins. Large amounts of these are
found in plasma (blood) where other proteins, like albumin, etc., exist. Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins (IQ), because they are globulin
proteins involved in immunity. PRIMARY RESPONSE — (takes 3-14 days)
B-cells are activated by antigen(s). B-cells multiply and create B-memory cells. These cells produce
antibodies (y-shaped proteins). SECONDARY RESPONSE — (hours to 3 days)
Occurs when the body is exposed to familiar antigens. These are antigens
that the body has previously battled with and recognizes. These antigens
therefore create immediate B-cell response from B-memory cells. This rapid response creates even more B-memory cells, therefore
increasing further immunity. Memory cells are the basis for adaptive
immunity. ANTIBODIES NEUTRALIZE OR DESTROY ANTIGENS BY:
initiating lysis (rupturing and breaking down the invader). neutralizing toxins of bacterial activity. phagocytosis (ingesting, neutralizing and destroying). promoting antigen-clumping (agglutination). preventing the antigen from adhering to a host cell. ANTIBODIES DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY …
detect antigens or bind them together. increase phagocytosis. increase inflammation. activate complement proteins.Cell-Mediated Immunity
Cell-mediated immunity refers to T-cell protection of your cells. T-cells
protect the inside or intercellular spaces of cells from microorganisms like
viruses and some bacteria. T-cells, like B-cells, have antigen-binding
receptors on their surfaces, and are very adept at recognizing cellular
antigens. PRIMARY RESPONSE — Antigens activate T-cells, which then begin to
divide and create cytotoxin (cytolytic) T-cells. Cytotoxic T-cells produce
cytokines, or lymphokines, which are proteins (peptides) that stimulate
additional immune response by increasing T-cell formation, macrophage
involvement, etc. T-cells cannot recognize foreign antigens without the help of macrophage
processing. This helps a T-cell differentiate between types of antigens. Helper
T-cells (called T4s) secrete interleukin, which stimulates B-cell activity and
other T-lymphocytes. Macrophage Processing
P
HASE ONE
Macrophages ingest antigens by endocytosis and break them down into
several small pieces. Each piece is “stamped” with a protein (major histo-compatibility [MHC]
proteins). Now these pieces of antigens are ready to bond with helper T-cells. B-cell phagocytosis is similar to macrophage phagocytosis. P
HASE TWO
Macrophage and B-cells process antigens. Macrophages secrete interleukin-1. Interleukin stimulates helper T-cells to produce interleukin-2. Interleukin stimulates helper T-cells to divide. Helper T-cells stimulate B-cells. White Blood Cells
Neutrophils 
Definition:
 Phagocytizes microorganisms and other substances
% of WBCs:
 60–80%
Response:
 Inflammation response
Site of maturation:
 Red bone marrow
Location of mature cells:
 Blood, connective and lymphatic tissue
Secretes:
 Histamine, complement proteins, leukotrienes, kinins and
interferon
Type of immunity:
 Innate (from birth)
Lymphocytes (B-Cells)
 
Definition:
 Produces antibodies and other chemicals responsible for
destroying microorganisms
% of WBCs:
 20–40%
Response:
 Extracellular (outside) protection from antigens (viruses,
bacterial, chemical) 
Site of maturation:
 Red bone marrow, spleen,
lymph nodes
Location of mature cells:
 Blood and lymphatic tissues and nodes
Secretes:
 Antibodies
Type of immunity:
 Antibody-mediated
Lymphocytes (T-Cells)
 
Definition:
 Produces antibodies and other chemicals responsible for
destroying microorganisms
% of WBCs:
 
0–40%
Response:
 Intracellular (inside) protection from antigens (parasites,
tumors); also known as tumor busters
Site of maturation:
 Red bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes
Location of mature cells:
 Thymus glandSecretes:
 Tissues
Type of immunity:
 Cell-mediated
Eosinophils
 
Definition:
 Releases chemicals that reduce inflammation, attacks certain
worm-type parasites
% of WBCs:
 1–4%
Response:
 Inflammation response
Site of maturation:
 Red bone marrow
Location of mature cells:
 Blood, connective tissues, and lymphatic tissue
Secretes:
 Histamine, complement proteins, leukotrienes, kininsand
interferon
Type of immunity:
 Innate
Basophils
 
Definition:
 Releases histamine, which promotes inflammation; also
releases heparin, which prevents clot formation
% of WBCs:
 0.5–1%
Response:
 Inflammation response
Site of maturation:
 Red bone marrow
Location of mature cells:
 Blood, connective and lymphatic tissue
Secretes:
 Histamine, complement proteins, leukotrienes, kinins and
interferon
Type of immunity:
 Innate
Monocytes (Macrophages)
 
Definition:
 Phagocytic cell in the blood that becomes a macrophage
within tissues, which phagocytizes bacteria, cell fragments, deadcells, weak cells, and other toxins within tissues 
% of WBCs:
 
3–8%
Response:
 Phagocytosis 
Site of maturation:
 Various tissues of the
body
Location of mature cells:
 Blood, connective and lymphatic tissue
Secretes:
 Enzymes, lysomes, chemokines, cytokines, 0
2
 radicals
Type of immunity:
 Innate
Mast Cells
 
Definition:
 Essential to inflammatory response found in connective
tissue, under the skin, and in the mucosa of the GI tract and
respiratory tissues. Helps promote inflammation through the release
of various chemicals. They are mediated by 1gE. % of WBCs:
 
0%
Response:
 Inflammation
Site of maturation:
 Various tissues within the body
Location of mature cells:
 Connective tissue, skin, mucosa, and
gastrointestinal tissues
Secretes:
 Histamine, proteinases, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, kinins,
interferon, complements
Type of immunity:
 Innate
 
SECONDARY RESPONSE — Your secondary T-cell response comes from
T-memory cells. Your T-memory cells work like your B-memory cells in that
they “remember” past exposure to antigens and have created “antibodies” to
fight them. Creation of Immune Cells
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBCs) — Your immune cells are called white
blood cells (WBCs), of which there are many types. Your bone marrow
produces your white blood cells as the body’s primary internal defense. These cells are then sent through the lymph system to mature or to be
converted into larger and more specific cells.Lymphatic tissues, including the spleen, thymus gland and lymph nodes,
are responsible for the growth, maturation and activation of your white blood
cells. The growth and function of immune cells are regulated by cytokines,
which are protein in nature and act as growth mediators. There are over 100
different types of cytokines produced by your WBCs. These include your
interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factor, etc. Let’s examine some of the most important immune cells that your body
uses to defend itself. Macrophages are monocytes that have left circulation
and have settled and matured in tissues. Macrophages are found in large
numbers in the tonsils, spleen, and lymph nodes. Fifty percent or more of the
body’s macrophages are found in the liver and are called Kupffer cells. However, they are found everywhere, including the brain and blood. They
act as scavengers, cleaning as they go. Macrophages and neutrophils are the
master phagocytic (ingesting and destroying) cells of your immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte processed in the bone
marrow, which accounts for 1-5 percent of all lymphocytes. They are
considered the masters of the immune 
cells. Their job is to destroy tumor or
virus-infected cells. These are a part of your innate immunity because they do
not respond to memory, and are not specific in their response. They only
recognize a specific class, not a specific type of cell. Summary: The Immune System
Your body is naturally designed to protect itself from invaders, includingparasitic, chemical, etc. Even foods that are harmful when ingested set up an
immune and lymphatic response. Your body as a whole and each cell that comprises it has awareness
(consciousness). Your immune system teaches itself to recognize past
invaders and stores this information in memory cells. This takes place from
conception (memories from parents) and continues on through your exposure
to the outside world. Your body and its organs are covered with “skin” or a
membrane that is designed to protect it initially (mechanically). From here,
immunological (immune) cells and their chemicals are designed to “eat” or
destroy these invaders in one way or another. There are many different types of immune cells, each with its own
specific area of expertise. We have and develop our immunity from the
following:
Active natural
 — (nature) one’s own innate and adaptive immune
response. Active artificial
 — (vaccination) immunity created by artificially
supplying a pathogen or antigen, so the body can create immunity from
the supplied source. Passive natural
 — mother to fetus through the placenta. Transferred to a
non-immune individual. Passive artificial
 — transferred from injected (vaccinated) animals to
humans. Nature does not procreate the weak. If it did, nature would not withstand
itself. This is true of your body and the cells that comprise it. Autoimmune syndromes are nothing more than the strong eliminating the
weak. With this in mind, the best course of action in “diseases” or conditions
of hypoactivity or weakness is always to strengthen, strengthen and
strengthen 
yourself and your cells. Clean your body of all the chemicals,
toxins, pus, stored mucus and parasites (the harmful variety) and get healthy! INTESTINAL SYSTEM (COLON)
 
The large intestines, or what is called the colon, are composed of six sections. They are the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid and finally
the rectum. The average colon is from five to six feet long. The colon isshaped in somewhat of an upside-down U-shape, extending around the
perimeters of your abdomen. It is also made up of circular folds. The colon
mainly absorbs water, trace and micro-trace minerals, and vitamins. No digestive enzymes are secreted by the colon. However, some
digestion takes place from bacteria. Your food particles and by-products from
digestion in the stomach and small intestines are mixed together in the colon,
and most of the water is reabsorbed so that a solid mass is formed for
elimination from the body. Mucus from the lymphatic system is also dumped
into the colon for elimination. The colon has mucus-secreting glands in the
sub-mucosa to assist in proper elimination, as well. The colon has an electrical relationship to all of the major organs and
tissues of the body. The contemporary scientific community has not yet
discovered this part of the physiology of the colon (or for that matter, the
entire intestinal gut tissue and its relationship to all the other tissues of the
body). URINARY SYSTEM
 
Kidneys
Generally humans have two kidneys. However, I have seen many people
who were born with three. Your kidneys are shaped like an ear and are
purplish-brown in color. They are situated at the back of the abdominal
cavity, one on each side (lateral) of the spine. The tops of the kidneys are opposite the 12th thoracic vertebra. They
weigh approximately 5 ounces each, and are about 4.5 inches long, 3 inches
wide, and 1 inch thick. Microscopic nephrons make up the structural and
functional aspects of the kidneys. As in most organs, and especially in glands, you find an outer portion—
called the cortex and an inner portion—the medulla. Urine is formed in the
nephrons, which are made up of a renal corpuscle and a venal tubule. These
look like long pyramids. The cortex (outer) portion of the kidney houses
most of the small capillary beds that are the filtering tissue between the blood
and the nephron. This area is involved in filtration and reabsorption. Urine consists of many by-products of metabolism, like ureas, ammonia,hydrogen ions, creatinine, chemical toxins, medications, synthetic vitamins,
and minerals, etc. These wastes (urine) travel down this pyramid (nephron tubules) into the
inner portion (or medulla), where they enter into common ducts called
papillary ducts, which empty into the kidney reservoirs (calyces). From here
the urine moves down through the ureter to the bladder. As you can see, the kidneys are a part of your elimination system. They
form urine from blood plasma. They play a major role in the regulation of
your blood, and thus all bodily fluids. They help eliminate your metabolic
and toxic wastes. Kidneys are very sensitive to acidosis from meats, teas, coffees,
chocolates and carbonated soda drinks. Most people consume these types of
“foods” (toxins) that, after a while, yield them discomfort and pain in the
mid- to lower back. Ureters
Tubes from your kidneys to the bladder. Bladder
Your bladder is mainly a holding, collecting tank, or sac, for urine on its way
out from the kidneys. The elimination of urine from the bladder is called
“micturition,” “voiding” or “urination.”
Urethra
The tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of your body. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN)
 
Your skin is the largest organ of the body. It is also the largest eliminative
organ, eliminating as much bodily wastes each day as your kidneys, bowels
and lungs. The skin is obviously your body’s outer covering. It offers
protection from the outer environment and parasitic conditions. Your skin has two major divisions, or separate layers. The first division
is the beginning, or first innermost, layer and is called the dermis. Thesubcutaneous tissues lay just below the dermis, which houses the bulk of the
main arteries, veins, nerves and glands that feed the skin. The second gland division or layer is the epidermis, or outermost portion. This portion (or division) has four to five different layers, depending upon
the location. Your hands and feet have thick skin because of the activity these
portions encounter. You’ve heard the sayings, “He has thick skin,” or “She
has thin skin.” Now you know where this reference comes from. The
following is a quick rundown of the epidermis, starting with the outermost
layer of your skin. stratum corneum (a few cells to 50 cells deep)
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum germinativum
Your skin consists of cells that are called keratinocytes, because they
create a hard substance called keratin, which is found in your finger nails,
hair and any horny tissue. Keratinocytes are germinated (begin their journey)
in the stratum germinativum layers of the epidermis, moving and maturing
through the various layers until they reach their final days in the outermost
layer, the stratum corneum. Your skin has many functions, including the regulation of body
temperature. This is accomplished through the arterioles (blood vessels) and
sweat glands. The skin is also the largest sensory organ, expressing both
internal and external sensations. Spiritually speaking, your skin is tied to your ego, or ethnic body. It
gives you individuality. It is tied to your liver, which reflects the mind. Both
work hand-in-hand, affecting the thought processes of the individual. In detoxification, always clean out the liver to clean the skin. Always
keep your skin clean, as this will serve its function as one of your eliminative
organs. Besides, clean skin makes you feel clean. Disease is not the presence of something evil, but rather the lack of the
presence of something essential. — Dr. Bernard Jensen
 
MODULE 2.8
The Endocrine Glandular System
 
The Endocrine Glandular System is the most overlooked system in the body,
even though it is the “master computer” of your body. It tells your cells what
to do, and how much to function, through the release of hormones like
steroids, neurotransmitters, serotonins, enzymes and the like. Basically, you have two types of glands: (1) endocrine glands, which are
ductless glands that produce internal secretions (hormones, etc. ), and
discharge these directly into the blood or lymph system to be circulated
throughout the body; and (2) exocrine glands, like the salivary glands, which
produce external secretions that then reach your epithelial cells directly, or
through a duct. It is difficult to say which is the most important gland we
have because all tissues in the body are interrelated. However, approximately
75 percent of all “disease” symptoms can be attributed to the failure of the
endocrine gland system. This can include a lack of proper calcium utilization,
causing scoliosis, depression, connective tissue weaknesses, varicose veins,
hemorrhoids, hernias and aneurysms, as well as lower steroid production that
leads to fibrocystic issues, fibromyalgia, fibroids, cysts, cholesterol plaquing
and other conditions. Your principal endocrine glands are the adrenal glands, pancreas,
thymus, thyroid/parathyroid, the testes, ovaries and the great master gland,
the pituitary. Up until the last ten to twenty-five years, we mostly found
chronic and/or degenerative conditions in the elderly from the failure of these
glands. Today, because of our lifestyles, diets, and especially because of
genetic weaknesses, these glands have become weakened to the point where
even infants have chronic and degenerative conditions. Let’s examine each of
your endocrine glands and their functions. PITUITARY GLAND
 
The pituitary is the “master gland” one of the main computers of the body.
The_Detox_Miracle_Sourcebook_by_Robert_Morse.txt
Summarize the following text section accurately and concisely. Maintain specific details and numerical information, and use anti-repetition mechanisms:

        A carrier or transporter can be a hormone, protein, steroid or
mineral. When you are seeking true healing, health and vitality, therefore, you
must think cellularly. Healing must happen at the cellular level for true,
lasting health and vitality to exist. Spiritually speaking, all life, no matter how
small or how large (atoms to universes and everything in between), when
manifested physically, must have a mental body (mind portion) and an
emotional body (astral portion). This is true for each of your cells, as well asfor all plants, all animals, and your entire body. A great example is
documented by Christopher Bird and Tom Hopkins in their book 
The Secret
Life of Plants,
 which tells about the ability of plants to feel and remember. These abilities become more obvious in animals, and more so with human
beings. Cells respond to external stimuli not only from hormones, minerals,
sugars, proteins and the like; their ability to function is greatly affected by the
body’s pH factors (acidosis), by congestion, types of foods consumed, and
chemical consumption. They also respond to thoughts and emotions
(feelings). The types of thoughts and feelings you have, harbor or carry
around with you play a major role in cellular functioning. To enjoy a state of
total health and vitality it is necessary to clean (detoxify) your body, your
mind and your emotions, and thus set yourself free. As the initial parent cell divides, tissues are formed, then organs and
glands, and so on. There are two types of cell division—meiosis and mitosis. Through meiosis and mitosis the body grows and repairs itself. Let’s now
examine the grouping of cells called tissues. Types of Cell Division
M
EIOSIS
A cell divides with only half of the chromosomes of the related somatic or
non-reproductive cell. (These cells replace. ) M
ITOSIS
Cells divide each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent, or
somatic cell. (These cells create. ) MODULE 2. 4
Tissues
 
Most of your individual cells are grouped together to form tissues. Then
tissues can be grouped together to form organs and glands. There are four
primary types of tissues that comprise, line, support, protect or control the
basic structures of your body. TYPES OF TISSUES
 
EPITHELIAL
 — Covers the surface and linings of the body’s cavities or
from glands. Found in the digestive tract, lungs, blood vessels, etc. CONNECTIVE
 — This type of tissue is supportive and holds all cells,
organs and glands together. MUSCULAR
 — These tissues support your skeletal structure and are used
for movement of various structures, including your limbs. NERVOUS
 — These tissues comprise your information highway, the
nervous system. These tissues are highly charged and allow electrical
transmissions to take place. Disease is Not Found in Healthy Tissue
When tissues, organs, or glands fail to do their job, this sets up a domino
effect throughout your body, causing many different disease symptoms. Vibrant health = healthy tissue
 
Tissue regeneration = alkalization + detoxification + nutrition + energy =
vibrant health
 
 
Remember that all your tissues are made up of individual cells, each
requiring nutrition, energy and proper elimination. Now let’s examine the tissues called organs and glands in each body
system. MODULE 2. 5
The Cardiovascular System and Blood
 
HEART 
Your heart is a four-chamber holding and receiving organ with a system of
valves that allow blood in and out. You have two chambers on the right and
two chambers on the left. The upper chambers are called atrials and the lower,
larger chambers are called ventricles. Fresh, oxygenated blood comes from
the pulmonary arteries into the upper left atrial and moves through the mitral
valve into the lower left chamber (left ventricle), then out into the body to
feed and oxygenate. This blood comes back around after making its journey
through miles of the vascular system, back into the upper right arterial, then
down to the right ventricle, and then off to the lungs for more oxygen. Your
adrenal glands play a major role in how 
strongly the heart pumps, and in its
rhythm. The heart is said to be a pump, but actually gets its pressure from the
lungs. VASCULAR SYSTEM
 
Although arteries, capillaries and veins are not organs or glands, they are a
link to every cell in your body, including those that form organs and glands. Their job is to carry vital fuels and building materials to all the cells. Your
vascular system carries your physical life force, the blood. Blood is used to
transport nutrition, hormones, enzymes, oxygen, antioxidants, etc. It works
with your lymphatic system in helping remove cellular and metabolic wastes,
and can dramatically affect your body temperatures. The health of your cells
depends upon the health and strength of your vascular system and the blood
that flows through it. Vessels: Arteries, Capillaries, Veins
ARTERIES
 — These carry fresh oxygenated blood (which is also “nutrient-
rich”) from your lungs via the pulmonary arteries, to the heart; then
throughout your body to all the cells, tissues, organs and glands. CAPILLARIES
—Capillaries are tiny (minute) vessels that connect the
smallest arteries (called arterioles) to the beginnings of the smallest veins
(called venules). Oxygen and other elements are now exchanged for carbon
dioxide, other gases and metabolic wastes. These are carried through the
venous system back to your lungs, kidneys and colon for elimination. Blood
capillary walls consist of only one single layer of squamous cells(endothelium). VEINS
 — As previously stated, your venous system carries carbon dioxide,
cellular wastes and other toxins from the cells and interstitial areas back to the
lungs and other eliminative organs to be eliminated. This is a constant cycle
that runs night and day, 365 days a year, until death. An acidic diet, excessive
“glue-like” foods (like refined starches), chemicals, heavy metals, minerals,
and a lack of calcium utilization (from an underactive thyroid gland), all
cause damage to this vital system. Your vascular walls are sensitive to
inflammation from acids that are ingested or that are a by-product of
metabolism. If this inflammation goes unchecked by steroids (from the
adrenal glands), it can cause cholesterol plaquing. This leads to occlusions
(blockages) that can cause heart attacks, strokes, tissue death and systemic
death. BLOOD
 
Blood and chlorophyll are the liquid nectars of life; the life force condensed
into nutrients, fuels, building and repair materials, and the like. Without them,
plant, animal and human life would come to an end. All creatures in nature
have some sort of “blood” or “life force” that sustains their physical body. Your blood consists of formed elements and plasma. The formed
elements include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes)
and platelets (thrombocytes). The plasma consists of 92 percent water and 8
percent of various substances including nutrients, proteins, ions, gases,
metabolic by-products, etc. The chart on the following page will give you an
overview of what’s in your blood serum. The blood contains two basic types of cells: erythrocytes and leukocytes. Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes are red blood cells (RBCs). They are red because of their
hemoglobin content. The heme part of the hemoglobin carries one iron atom,
which binds to one oxygen molecule, giving it the red color. The globin (a
protein) bonds to carbon dioxide. Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon
dioxide. Combined with its hemoglobin, these cells transport 97 percent of
your systemic oxygen and 92 percent systemic carbon dioxide. An enzyme
called carbonic anhydrase, found in erythrocytes, catalyzes (changes) 
carbondioxide into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. This is for transportation
purposes, as carbon dioxide lowers the body’s pH, making it more acidic. The lungs convert hydrogen and bicarbonic ions back into carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide now can be exhaled without creating excessive acidosis in the
body. Leukocytes
Leukocytes are white blood cells (WBCs). These are immune cells and are
covered under the Immune System section of this chapter. The four types of
leukocytes are: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes (macrophages),
eosinophils and mast cells. Erythrocytes (RBCs) and leukocytes (WBCs) are derived from what are
called stem cells. Your blood carries many substances that are vital to the
health of your body via its cells. It also carries metabolic and cellular wastes
and by-products. Your body is always seeking to maintain an alkaline/acid balance. Alkalinity dominates all fluids and tissues, except in the stomach. Your blood
plays a vital role in this balancing process, from breaking down carbon
dioxide to supplying electrolytes, steroids (lipids), etc. One of the best
examples of this balancing process is the way the red blood cells, through
carbonic anhydrase, 
first convert cellular and systemic carbon dioxide
(acidic) into bicarbonate ions (alkaline), and then convert these back to
carbon dioxide when these ions reach the lungs. As stated earlier, humans belong to the frugivore species, which is an
alkaline species. The chart on the previous page points out where alkaline
fluids predominate in the human body, and the damaging effects of acidosis
in these various areas. When your diet is predominantly acid forming, your hormones become
out of balance, your food then ferments and putrefies instead of properly
digesting, and excessive mucus and inflammation is produced. Your blood
becomes toxic and your lymphatic system becomes clogged. This is called
disease by many. Always keep your body alkaline, toxic free, and clean—internally, as
well as externally. This creates true health and vitality.
Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues
What type of tissues are found in the digestive tract?
The lymphatic system acts as a police force and sanitation department, removing toxins and waste from the body
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
The pancreas is an exocrine gland that supplies the digestive enzymes needed to break down food, as well as sodium bicarbonate, which is an alkalizing substance
What is the primary function of the pancreas?
The liver stores glycogen and converts it into glucose when the body needs it, and it also destroys weakened, toxic, and old blood cells
What is the primary function of the liver?
The immune system is the body's defense mechanism, designed to recognize and eliminate foreign substances and toxins
What is the primary function of the immune system?