let us begin with the persian kings for they were the first in this and from them we took the laws of kingship and kingdom the arrangement of the private and the public the policy of the subjects the obligation of each class to its share and the restriction to its braid ardashir bin babak was the first to arrange the companions and took the reins of their policy so he made them three classes
ولنبدأ بملوك العجم، إذ كانوا هم الأول في ذلك، وعنهم أخذنا قوانين الملك والمملكة، وترتيب الخاصة والعامة، وسياسة الرعية، وإلزام كل طبقة حظها، والاقتصار على جديلتها كان أردشير بن بابك أول من رتب الندماء، وأخذ بزمام سياستهم، فجعلهم ثلاث طبقات