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indeed those who pledge allegiance to you they are actually pledging allegiance to allah. the hand of allah is over their hands. so he who breaks his word only breaks it to the detriment of himself. and he who fulfills that which he has promised allah he will give him a great reward.

إن الذين يبايعونك إنما يبايعون الله يد الله فوق أيديهم فمن نكث فإنما ينكث على نفسه ومن أوفى بما عاهد عليه الله فسيؤتيه أجرا عظيما

we have honored the children of adam carried them on the land and the sea given them pure sustenance and exalted them above most of my creatures.

ولقد كرمنا بني آدم وحملناهم في البر والبحر ورزقناهم من الطيبات وفضلناهم على كثير ممن خلقنا تفضيلا

or like him* who passed by a dwelling and it had fallen flat on its roofs he said how will allah bring it to life after its death? so allah kept him dead for a hundred years then brought him back to life he said how long have you stayed here? he replied i may have stayed for a day or little less he said in fact you have spent a hundred years – so look at your food and drink which do not even smell stale and look at your donkey whose bones even are not intact – in order that we may make you a sign for mankind – and look at the bones how we assemble them and then cover them with flesh so when the matter became clear to him he said i know well that allah is able to do all things.

أو كالذي مر على قرية وهي خاوية على عروشها قال أنى يحيي هذه الله بعد موتها فأماته الله مائة عام ثم بعثه قال كم لبثت قال لبثت يوما أو بعض يوم قال بل لبثت مائة عام فانظر إلى طعامك وشرابك لم يتسنه وانظر إلى حمارك ولنجعلك آية للناس وانظر إلى العظام كيف ننشزها ثم نكسوها لحما فلما تبين له قال أعلم أن الله على كل شيء قدير

am amazed at how someone with little money can sleep. but those who do not sleep out of joy are not the same as those who do not sleep out of sorrow. 8 then he said the messenger of god may god bless him and grant him peace said in a persons advice on the day of his poverty and need and before he gurgles 9 a third and a third is a lot.

عجبت لمن قلت دراهمه كيف ينام. ولكن لا يستوي من لم ينم سرورا، ومن لم ينم غما ٨ . ثم قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في وصية المرء يوم فقره وحاجته، وقبل أن يغرغر ٩ الثلث، والثلث كثير .

thus for thy lord would not destroy for their wrongdoing mens habitations whilst their occupants were unwarned.

ذلك أن لم يكن ربك مهلك القرى بظلم وأهلها غافلون

and they believed so we gave them enjoyment for a while.

فآمنوا فمتعناهم إلى حين

and that this is my straight path so follow it and do not follow other ways for they will sever you from his way this is commanded to you so that you may attain piety.

وأن هذا صراطي مستقيما فاتبعوه ولا تتبعوا السبل فتفرق بكم عن سبيله ذلكم وصاكم به لعلكم تتقون

they said do not fear – we convey to you the glad tidings of a knowledgeable boy.

قالوا لا توجل إنا نبشرك بغلام عليم

how then when some ill befalleth them because of that which their hands have sent forth and then they come to thee swearing by allah we meant naught save kindness and concord.

فكيف إذا أصابتهم مصيبة بما قدمت أيديهم ثم جاءوك يحلفون بالله إن أردنا إلا إحسانا وتوفيقا

continued your sus­tainer as well as the sustainer of your fore­fathers of old!

قال ربكم ورب آبائكم الأولين

so firon sent heralds into the cities most surely these are a small company and most surely they have enraged us and most surely we are a vigilant multitude.

فأرسل فرعون في المدائن حاشرين إن هؤلاء لشرذمة قليلون وإنهم لنا لغائظون وإنا لجميع حاذرون

o you who believe! ask not about things which if made plain to you may cause you trouble. but if you ask about them while the quran is being revealed they will be made plain to you. allah has forgiven that and allah is oftforgiving most forbearing.

يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تسألوا عن أشياء إن تبد لكم تسؤكم وإن تسألوا عنها حين ينزل القرآن تبد لكم عفا الله عنها والله غفور حليم

in eloquent arabic.

بلسان عربي مبين

but the messenger and those who believe with him strive with their wealth and their lives. such are they for whom are the good things. such are they who are the successful.

لكن الرسول والذين آمنوا معه جاهدوا بأموالهم وأنفسهم وأولئك لهم الخيرات وأولئك هم المفلحون

o mankind indeed the promise of allah is truth so let not the worldly life delude you and be not deceived about allah by the deceiver.

يا أيها الناس إن وعد الله حق فلا تغرنكم الحياة الدنيا ولا يغرنكم بالله الغرور

such is the punishment and indeed the punishment of the hereafter is the greatest if only they knew!

كذلك العذاب ولعذاب الآخرة أكبر لو كانوا يعلمون

they will not believe in it while there has already occurred the precedent of the former peoples.

لا يؤمنون به وقد خلت سنة الأولين

he said moses throw it down.

قال ألقها يا موسى

and when harm toucheth men they cry unto their lord turning to him in repentance then when they have tasted of his mercy behold! some of them attribute partners to their lord

وإذا مس الناس ضر دعوا ربهم منيبين إليه ثم إذا أذاقهم منه رحمة إذا فريق منهم بربهم يشركون

and those who hold fast to the book and perform the prayer surely we leave not to waste the wage of those who set aright.

والذين يمسكون بالكتاب وأقاموا الصلاة إنا لا نضيع أجر المصلحين

and grapes and fodder and olives and date palms and dense gardens and fruits and grass in order to benefit you and your cattle.

وعنبا وقضبا وزيتونا ونخلا وحدائق غلبا وفاكهة وأبا متاعا لكم ولأنعامكم

leave those who reject the quran to me and i shall lead them step by step to destruction without their being aware of it.

فذرني ومن يكذب بهذا الحديث سنستدرجهم من حيث لا يعلمون

and whatsoever ye have been given is a comfort of the life of the world and an ornament thereof and that which allah hath is better and more lasting. have ye then no sense?

وما أوتيتم من شيء فمتاع الحياة الدنيا وزينتها وما عند الله خير وأبقى أفلا تعقلون

do not weaken or grieve you shall have the upper hand should you be faithful.

ولا تهنوا ولا تحزنوا وأنتم الأعلون إن كنتم مؤمنين

in order to see that they have conveyed the messages of their lord – and his knowledge encompasses all whatever they have and he has kept all things accounted for.

ليعلم أن قد أبلغوا رسالات ربهم وأحاط بما لديهم وأحصى كل شيء عددا

then we placed him as a spermdrop in a firm lodging.

ثم جعلناه نطفة في قرار مكين

they have sworn by god the most earnest oaths if thou commandest them they will go forth. say do not swear honourable obedience is sufficient. surely god is aware of the things you do.

وأقسموا بالله جهد أيمانهم لئن أمرتهم ليخرجن قل لا تقسموا طاعة معروفة إن الله خبير بما تعملون

and give you increase in wealth and children and provide for you gardens and provide for you rivers.

ويمددكم بأموال وبنين ويجعل لكم جنات ويجعل لكم أنهارا

and he seated his parents high upon the throne and they fell down prostrate before him. he said father! this is the fulfillment of my dream of long ago which my lord has made come true. he was certainly gracious to me when he brought me out of the prison and brought you over from the desert after that satan had incited ill feeling between me and my brothers. indeed my lord is allattentive in bringing about what he wishes. indeed he is the allknowing the allwise.

ورفع أبويه على العرش وخروا له سجدا وقال يا أبت هذا تأويل رؤياي من قبل قد جعلها ربي حقا وقد أحسن بي إذ أخرجني من السجن وجاء بكم من البدو من بعد أن نزغ الشيطان بيني وبين إخوتي إن ربي لطيف لما يشاء إنه هو العليم الحكيم

when they entered upon david so he feared them – they said do not fear! we are two disputants one of whom has wronged the other therefore judge fairly between us and do not judge unjustly – and show us the right way.

إذ دخلوا على داوود ففزع منهم قالوا لا تخف خصمان بغى بعضنا على بعض فاحكم بيننا بالحق ولا تشطط واهدنا إلى سواء الصراط

musa said o harun! what prevented thee when thou sawest them going astray.

قال يا هارون ما منعك إذ رأيتهم ضلوا

to shamaa after the dispersion of separation and i spent the night with lightning and a friend

لشماء بعد شتات النوى وقد بت أخيلت برقا وليفا

we have made constellations in the sky and decorated them for the onlookers.

ولقد جعلنا في السماء بروجا وزيناها للناظرين

so let him call his associates we shall call the guards of hell.

فليدع ناديه سندع الزبانية

and indeed we have honoured the children of adam and we have carried them on land and sea and have provided them with attaiyibat and have preferred them above many of those whom we have created with a marked preference.

ولقد كرمنا بني آدم وحملناهم في البر والبحر ورزقناهم من الطيبات وفضلناهم على كثير ممن خلقنا تفضيلا

he had abundant fruits so he said to his companion as he conversed with him i have more wealth than you and am stronger with respect to numbers.

وكان له ثمر فقال لصاحبه وهو يحاوره أنا أكثر منك مالا وأعز نفرا

umayyah ibn abi alsalt said 1

قال أمية ابن أبي الصلت ١

what hit you the day the two armies met was by the permission of allah so that he might know the believers

وما أصابكم يوم التقى الجمعان فبإذن الله وليعلم المؤمنين

does it seem strange to you that a reminder from your lord should be sent to a man among you so that he may warn you? recall when god appointed you as successors of the people of noah and increased your power over other people. give thanks to god for his blessings so that perhaps you will have everlasting happiness.

أوعجبتم أن جاءكم ذكر من ربكم على رجل منكم لينذركم واذكروا إذ جعلكم خلفاء من بعد قوم نوح وزادكم في الخلق بسطة فاذكروا آلاء الله لعلكم تفلحون

behold they who are lost in sin shall abide in the suffering of hell it will not be lightened for them and therein they will be lost in hopeless despair.

إن المجرمين في عذاب جهنم خالدون لا يفتر عنهم وهم فيه مبلسون

most surely we help our messengers and those who believe in the life of this world and on the day when all the witnesses will stand up.

إنا لننصر رسلنا والذين آمنوا في الحياة الدنيا ويوم يقوم الأشهاد

allah created the heavens and the earth with truth. verily therein is surely a sign for those who believe.

خلق الله السماوات والأرض بالحق إن في ذلك لآية للمؤمنين

whatever grace god opens up to man none can withhold it and whatever he withholds none can henceforth release for he alone is almighty truly wise.

ما يفتح الله للناس من رحمة فلا ممسك لها وما يمسك فلا مرسل له من بعده وهو العزيز الحكيم

and we destroyed the cities about you and we turned about the signs that haply they would return.

ولقد أهلكنا ما حولكم من القرى وصرفنا الآيات لعلهم يرجعون

and allah hath favoured some of you above others in provision. now those who are more favoured will by no means hand over their provision to those whom their right hands possess so that they may be equal with them in respect thereof. is it then the grace of allah that they deny?

والله فضل بعضكم على بعض في الرزق فما الذين فضلوا برادي رزقهم على ما ملكت أيمانهم فهم فيه سواء أفبنعمة الله يجحدون

in his book the misers aljahiz was an artist by nature who relied on a basic genre which is the human self. he delved into its depths deducing the complexities strangeness and mystery in its aspects. he did not tell his stories to arouse that strangeness but rather to indicate those psychological situations and complexities that the misers of his time suffered from.

كان الجاحظ في كتاب البخلاء فنانا بطبعه اعتمد لونا أساسيا، وهو الذات البشرية. فغاص الى أعماقها، يستنبط ما في جوانبها من عقد وغرابة وغموض. فهو لم يقص حكاياته لإثارة تلك الغرابة، وإنما للدلالة على تلك المواقف النفسية والتعقيدات التي كان يعانيها البخلاء في عصره.

they are the ones who denied revelation and hindered you from the sacred mosque and the sacrificial animals detained from reaching their place of sacrifice. had there not been believing men and believing women whom ye did not know that ye were trampling down and on whose account a crime would have accrued to you without knowledge that he may admit to his mercy whom he will. if they had been apart we should certainly have punished the unbelievers among them with a grievous punishment.

هم الذين كفروا وصدوكم عن المسجد الحرام والهدي معكوفا أن يبلغ محله ولولا رجال مؤمنون ونساء مؤمنات لم تعلموهم أن تطئوهم فتصيبكم منهم معرة بغير علم ليدخل الله في رحمته من يشاء لو تزيلوا لعذبنا الذين كفروا منهم عذابا أليما

how many generations before them who were more powerful than they did we destroy? they explored the lands—was there any escape?

وكم أهلكنا قبلهم من قرن هم أشد منهم بطشا فنقبوا في البلاد هل من محيص

and your companion ) is not a madman and indeed he ) saw him in the clear horizon .

وما صاحبكم بمجنون ولقد رآه بالأفق المبين

1) barashiya among people. 2) compare this with what alwasha said about love and the honorable is humbled before him and the tyrant submits to him. 3) barashiya and he makes permissible. 4) this is petrovs reading barashiya changed it to the truth.

برشيه في الناس. قارن هذا بقول الوشاء في الحب ويذل له العزيز ويخضع له المتجبر برشيه ويحلل. هذه قراءة بتروف؛ وغيرها برشيه إلى الحقيقة .

then surely we shall question those to whom it was sent and verily we shall question the messengers.

فلنسألن الذين أرسل إليهم ولنسألن المرسلين

he said do you know what you did with joseph and his brother when you were ignorant?

قال هل علمتم ما فعلتم بيوسف وأخيه إذ أنتم جاهلون

among them are those who torment the prophet and say he is an ear. say an ear that is good for you. he has faith in allah and trusts the faithful and is a mercy for those of you who have faith. as for those who torment the apostle of allah there is a painful punishment for them.

ومنهم الذين يؤذون النبي ويقولون هو أذن قل أذن خير لكم يؤمن بالله ويؤمن للمؤمنين ورحمة للذين آمنوا منكم والذين يؤذون رسول الله لهم عذاب أليم

but as for him who feared the standing of his lord and restrained the self from desires.

وأما من خاف مقام ربه ونهى النفس عن الهوى

and when they went in before joseph he took his brother unto him saying lo! i even i am thy brother therefore sorrow not for what they did.

ولما دخلوا على يوسف آوى إليه أخاه قال إني أنا أخوك فلا تبتئس بما كانوا يعملون

they shall be reclining on green cushions and splendid carpets.

متكئين على رفرف خضر وعبقري حسان

and we have not sent down the book to you except that you may explain clearly unto them those things in which they differ and a guidance and a mercy for a folk who believe.

وما أنزلنا عليك الكتاب إلا لتبين لهم الذي اختلفوا فيه وهدى ورحمة لقوم يؤمنون

and remember our slave ayub when he invoked his lord verily! shaitan has touched me with distress and torment !

واذكر عبدنا أيوب إذ نادى ربه أني مسني الشيطان بنصب وعذاب

who say our lord turn from us the punishment of gehenna for its punishment is the most terrible it is an evil settling and an evil residence

والذين يقولون ربنا اصرف عنا عذاب جهنم إن عذابها كان غراما إنها ساءت مستقرا ومقاما

god has promised unto those who attain to faith and do good works theirs shall be forgiveness of sins and a mighty reward whereas they who are bent on denying the truth and giving the lie to our messagesthey are destined for the blazing fire.

وعد الله الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات لهم مغفرة وأجر عظيم والذين كفروا وكذبوا بآياتنا أولئك أصحاب الجحيم

surely these men love the hasty world and leave be behind them a heavy day.

إن هؤلاء يحبون العاجلة ويذرون وراءهم يوما ثقيلا

and when our messengers came to abraham with the good news they said we are indeed going to destroy the people of this town. its people are indeed wrongdoers.

ولما جاءت رسلنا إبراهيم بالبشرى قالوا إنا مهلكو أهل هذه القرية إن أهلها كانوا ظالمين

he placed stablisers in the earth so that while it revolves you live undisturbed and rivers and tracks so that you may find your way as well as many other signs as by the stars find direction.

وألقى في الأرض رواسي أن تميد بكم وأنهارا وسبلا لعلكم تهتدون وعلامات وبالنجم هم يهتدون

and you cannot guide the blind from their straying you can make to hear only those who believe in our ayat and have submitted .

وما أنت بهاد العمي عن ضلالتهم إن تسمع إلا من يؤمن بآياتنا فهم مسلمون

because of that we decreed upon the children of israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption in the land it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. and whoever saves one it is as if he had saved mankind entirely. and our messengers had certainly come to them with clear proofs. then indeed many of them after that throughout the land were transgressors.

من أجل ذلك كتبنا على بني إسرائيل أنه من قتل نفسا بغير نفس أو فساد في الأرض فكأنما قتل الناس جميعا ومن أحياها فكأنما أحيا الناس جميعا ولقد جاءتهم رسلنا بالبينات ثم إن كثيرا منهم بعد ذلك في الأرض لمسرفون

and ismail and alyasa and yunus and lout and each one of them we preferred above the alamin .

وإسماعيل واليسع ويونس ولوطا وكلا فضلنا على العالمين

until alyaqin came to us.

حتى أتانا اليقين

we said to him enter paradise and he exclaimed would that my people knew

قيل ادخل الجنة قال يا ليت قومي يعلمون

those who falsely fix lies upon allah despite this are the wrongdoers.

فمن افترى على الله الكذب من بعد ذلك فأولئك هم الظالمون

the mental condition of those who rejected the way of allah may be likened to that of the cattle whom the shepherd calls but they hear nothing except the sound of shouts and cries. they are deaf they are dumb they are blind therefore they do not understand anything.

ومثل الذين كفروا كمثل الذي ينعق بما لا يسمع إلا دعاء ونداء صم بكم عمي فهم لا يعقلون

they said moses we will never go in so long as they are in it. go you and your lord to fight. we will stay here

قالوا يا موسى إنا لن ندخلها أبدا ما داموا فيها فاذهب أنت وربك فقاتلا إنا هاهنا قاعدون

and the observer saw sirius shining brightly when he approached the dawn prayer he turned away.

وأبصر الناظر الشعرى مبينة لما دنا من صلوة الصبح ينصرف ١

your lord he is the almighty the most merciful.

وإن ربك لهو العزيز الرحيم

and did not urge to feed the needy.

ولا يحض على طعام المسكين

o you who believe be custodians of justice witnesses for god even though against yourselves or your parents or your relatives. whether a man be rich or poor god is his greater wellwisher than you. so follow not the behests of lust lest you swerve from justice and if you prevaricate or avoid god is cognisant of all that you do.

يا أيها الذين آمنوا كونوا قوامين بالقسط شهداء لله ولو على أنفسكم أو الوالدين والأقربين إن يكن غنيا أو فقيرا فالله أولى بهما فلا تتبعوا الهوى أن تعدلوا وإن تلووا أو تعرضوا فإن الله كان بما تعملون خبيرا

some of them are green and their gleams are pleasing and some of them are red and their blush is dazzling.

فمنهن مخضر يروق بصيصه ومنهن ما يغشى اللحاظ احمرارها

if it is of the people of the right hand it will be with the people of the right hand living in peace and security.

وأما إن كان من أصحاب اليمين فسلام لك من أصحاب اليمين

they shall not be able to assist them and they shall be a host brought up before them.

لا يستطيعون نصرهم وهم لهم جند محضرون

god sent down a raven which started to dig up the earth to show the killer how to bury the corpse of his brother. on seeing the raven said woe to me! am i less able than a raven to bury the corpse of my brother? he became greatly remorseful.

فبعث الله غرابا يبحث في الأرض ليريه كيف يواري سوءة أخيه قال يا ويلتى أعجزت أن أكون مثل هذا الغراب فأواري سوءة أخي فأصبح من النادمين

can you then make the deaf hear or guide the blind and those who are in manifest error?

أفأنت تسمع الصم أو تهدي العمي ومن كان في ضلال مبين

but the unbelievers shall be the destroyed losers. he will bring their deeds to nothing.

والذين كفروا فتعسا لهم وأضل أعمالهم

if you ask them who has sent down water from the sky to revive the dead earth? they will say god has done it. say it is only god who deserves all praise but many of them do not understand.

ولئن سألتهم من نزل من السماء ماء فأحيا به الأرض من بعد موتها ليقولن الله قل الحمد لله بل أكثرهم لا يعقلون

so the magicians were brought together on a particular day at a set time

فجمع السحرة لميقات يوم معلوم

of those who have divided their religion and become sects every faction rejoicing in what it has.

من الذين فرقوا دينهم وكانوا شيعا كل حزب بما لديهم فرحون

and recite to them the tiding of abraham

واتل عليهم نبأ إبراهيم

go forth to war whether it be easy or difficult and strive hard in gods cause with your possessions and your lives this is for your own good if you but knew it!

انفروا خفافا وثقالا وجاهدوا بأموالكم وأنفسكم في سبيل الله ذلكم خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون

or is the hidden with them by which they pass judgements?

أم عندهم الغيب فهم يكتبون

they said we will try to win him from his father that we will surely do.

قالوا سنراود عنه أباه وإنا لفاعلون

the explanation has made the pairs that grow from the spinal cord of the neck eight because it counted the pair that emerges from between the last vertebra of the cervical vertebra and the first vertebra of the thoracic vertebra as part of these pairs and from the first vertebra of the cervical vertebra a pair emerges from a hole in it and a pair from between it and the second. this necessitates that these pairs be eight.

الشرح قد جعل الأزواج النابتة من نخاع العنق ثمانية وذلك لأنه عد الزوج الخارج مما بين الفقرة الأخيرة من فقار العنق والفقرة الأولى من فقار الصدر من جملة أزواج هذه الأزواج والفقرة الأولى من فقار العنق يخرج منها زوج من ثقب فيها، وزوج مما بينها وبين الثانية. ويلزم ذلك أن تكون هذه الأزواج ثمانية.

and when he turned his attention towards madyan he said it is likely that my lord will show me the right path.

ولما توجه تلقاء مدين قال عسى ربي أن يهديني سواء السبيل

by the sun and his brightness and the moon when she followeth him and the day when it revealeth him and the night when it enshroudeth him and the heaven and him who built it and the earth and him who spread it and a soul and him who perfected it

والشمس وضحاها والقمر إذا تلاها والنهار إذا جلاها والليل إذا يغشاها والسماء وما بناها والأرض وما طحاها ونفس وما سواها

yet they are surely mischiefmongers even though they do not know.

ألا إنهم هم المفسدون ولكن لا يشعرون

and you see those in whose hearts there is a disease they hurry to their friendship saying we fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us. perhaps allah may bring a victory or a decision according to his will. then they will become regretful for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves.

فترى الذين في قلوبهم مرض يسارعون فيهم يقولون نخشى أن تصيبنا دائرة فعسى الله أن يأتي بالفتح أو أمر من عنده فيصبحوا على ما أسروا في أنفسهم نادمين

and if they who are bent on denying the truth should fight against you they will indeed turn their backs and will find none to protect them and none to bring them succour such being gods way which has ever obtained in the past and never wilt thou find any change in gods way!

ولو قاتلكم الذين كفروا لولوا الأدبار ثم لا يجدون وليا ولا نصيرا سنة الله التي قد خلت من قبل ولن تجد لسنة الله تبديلا

and he decreed that they become seven heavens in two aeons and imparted unto each heaven its function. and we adorned the skies nearest to the earth with lights and made them secure such is the ordaining of the almighty the allknowing.

فقضاهن سبع سماوات في يومين وأوحى في كل سماء أمرها وزينا السماء الدنيا بمصابيح وحفظا ذلك تقدير العزيز العليم

we did not send before you except as men to whom we revealed. ask the people of the reminder if you do not know.

وما أرسلنا قبلك إلا رجالا نوحي إليهم فاسألوا أهل الذكر إن كنتم لا تعلمون

is the food of the guilty like molten copper bubbling in the belly

طعام الأثيم كالمهل يغلي في البطون

he said i asked jaafar the tailor about something similar to that and he said we met them in a place the size of a market but it was not as long as a man could sew a seam until we killed them and left them in a place narrower than a bag and if you dropped a needle it would not fall except on a mans head.

قال وسألت جعفرا الخياط عن مثل ذلك فقال لقيناهم في مقدار سوق الخلقان، فما كان بقدر ما يخيط الرجل درزا حتى قتلناهم وتركناهم في أضيق من جربان، فلو طرحت إبرة ما سقطت إلا على رأس رجل.

lo! thy lord is ever watchful.

إن ربك لبالمرصاد

or have they contrived some matter? we too are contriving.

أم أبرموا أمرا فإنا مبرمون