Author  : Alexander Pantyukhin Date    : November 24, 2022 Task: Given an m x n grid of characters board and a string word, return true if word exists in the grid. The word can be constructed from letters of sequentially adjacent cells, where adjacent cells are horizontally or vertically neighboring. The same letter cell may not be used more than once. Example: Matrix:  ABCE SFCS ADEE  Word: ABCCED Result: True Implementation notes: Use backtracking approach. At each point, check all neighbors to try to find the next letter of the word. leetcode: https:leetcode.comproblemswordsearch Returns the hash key of matrix indexes.  getpointkey10, 20, 1, 0 200 Return True if it's possible to search the word suffix starting from the wordindex.  exitswordA, B, 0, 0, 0, set False  wordexistsA,B,C,E,S,F,C,S,A,D,E,E, ABCCED True  wordexistsA,B,C,E,S,F,C,S,A,D,E,E, SEE True  wordexistsA,B,C,E,S,F,C,S,A,D,E,E, ABCB False  wordexistsA, A True  wordexistsB, A, A, A, A, A, A, B, A, ABB False  wordexistsA, 123 Traceback most recent call last: ... ValueError: The word parameter should be a string of length greater than 0.  wordexistsA,  Traceback most recent call last: ... ValueError: The word parameter should be a string of length greater than 0.  wordexists, AB Traceback most recent call last: ... ValueError: The board should be a non empty matrix of single chars strings.  wordexists, AB Traceback most recent call last: ... ValueError: The board should be a non empty matrix of single chars strings.  wordexistsA, 21, AB Traceback most recent call last: ... ValueError: The board should be a non empty matrix of single chars strings. Validate board Validate word
def get_point_key(len_board: int, len_board_column: int, row: int, column: int) -> int:
    """
    Returns the hash key of matrix indexes.

    >>> get_point_key(10, 20, 1, 0)
    200
    """

    return len_board * len_board_column * row + column


def exits_word(
    board: list[list[str]],
    word: str,
    row: int,
    column: int,
    word_index: int,
    visited_points_set: set[int],
) -> bool:
    """
    Return True if it's possible to search the word suffix
    starting from the word_index.

    >>> exits_word([["A"]], "B", 0, 0, 0, set())
    False
    """

    if board[row][column] != word[word_index]:
        return False

    if word_index == len(word) - 1:
        return True

    traverts_directions = [(0, 1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)]
    len_board = len(board)
    len_board_column = len(board[0])
    for direction in traverts_directions:
        next_i = row + direction[0]
        next_j = column + direction[1]
        if not (0 <= next_i < len_board and 0 <= next_j < len_board_column):
            continue

        key = get_point_key(len_board, len_board_column, next_i, next_j)
        if key in visited_points_set:
            continue

        visited_points_set.add(key)
        if exits_word(board, word, next_i, next_j, word_index + 1, visited_points_set):
            return True

        visited_points_set.remove(key)

    return False


def word_exists(board: list[list[str]], word: str) -> bool:
    """
    >>> word_exists([["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]], "ABCCED")
    True
    >>> word_exists([["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]], "SEE")
    True
    >>> word_exists([["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]], "ABCB")
    False
    >>> word_exists([["A"]], "A")
    True
    >>> word_exists([["B", "A", "A"], ["A", "A", "A"], ["A", "B", "A"]], "ABB")
    False
    >>> word_exists([["A"]], 123)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ValueError: The word parameter should be a string of length greater than 0.
    >>> word_exists([["A"]], "")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ValueError: The word parameter should be a string of length greater than 0.
    >>> word_exists([[]], "AB")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ValueError: The board should be a non empty matrix of single chars strings.
    >>> word_exists([], "AB")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ValueError: The board should be a non empty matrix of single chars strings.
    >>> word_exists([["A"], [21]], "AB")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ValueError: The board should be a non empty matrix of single chars strings.
    """

    # Validate board
    board_error_message = (
        "The board should be a non empty matrix of single chars strings."
    )

    len_board = len(board)
    if not isinstance(board, list) or len(board) == 0:
        raise ValueError(board_error_message)

    for row in board:
        if not isinstance(row, list) or len(row) == 0:
            raise ValueError(board_error_message)

        for item in row:
            if not isinstance(item, str) or len(item) != 1:
                raise ValueError(board_error_message)

    # Validate word
    if not isinstance(word, str) or len(word) == 0:
        raise ValueError(
            "The word parameter should be a string of length greater than 0."
        )

    len_board_column = len(board[0])
    for i in range(len_board):
        for j in range(len_board_column):
            if exits_word(
                board, word, i, j, 0, {get_point_key(len_board, len_board_column, i, j)}
            ):
                return True

    return False


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()
