Functions useful for doing molecular chemistry:  molaritytonormality  molestopressure  molestovolume  pressureandvolumetotemperature Convert molarity to normality. Volume is taken in litres. Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiEquivalentconcentration Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiMolarconcentration  molaritytonormality2, 3.1, 0.31 20  molaritytonormality4, 11.4, 5.7 8 Convert moles to pressure. Ideal gas laws are used. Temperature is taken in kelvin. Volume is taken in litres. Pressure has atm as SI unit. Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiGaslaws Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiPressure Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiTemperature  molestopressure0.82, 3, 300 90  molestopressure8.2, 5, 200 10 Convert moles to volume. Ideal gas laws are used. Temperature is taken in kelvin. Volume is taken in litres. Pressure has atm as SI unit. Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiGaslaws Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiPressure Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiTemperature  molestovolume0.82, 3, 300 90  molestovolume8.2, 5, 200 10 Convert pressure and volume to temperature. Ideal gas laws are used. Temperature is taken in kelvin. Volume is taken in litres. Pressure has atm as SI unit. Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiGaslaws Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiPressure Wikipedia reference: https:en.wikipedia.orgwikiTemperature  pressureandvolumetotemperature0.82, 1, 2 20  pressureandvolumetotemperature8.2, 5, 3 60
def molarity_to_normality(nfactor: int, moles: float, volume: float) -> float:
    """
    Convert molarity to normality.
      Volume is taken in litres.

      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_concentration
      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration

      >>> molarity_to_normality(2, 3.1, 0.31)
      20
      >>> molarity_to_normality(4, 11.4, 5.7)
      8
    """
    return round(float(moles / volume) * nfactor)


def moles_to_pressure(volume: float, moles: float, temperature: float) -> float:
    """
    Convert moles to pressure.
      Ideal gas laws are used.
      Temperature is taken in kelvin.
      Volume is taken in litres.
      Pressure has atm as SI unit.

      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws
      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure
      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature

      >>> moles_to_pressure(0.82, 3, 300)
      90
      >>> moles_to_pressure(8.2, 5, 200)
      10
    """
    return round(float((moles * 0.0821 * temperature) / (volume)))


def moles_to_volume(pressure: float, moles: float, temperature: float) -> float:
    """
    Convert moles to volume.
      Ideal gas laws are used.
      Temperature is taken in kelvin.
      Volume is taken in litres.
      Pressure has atm as SI unit.

      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws
      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure
      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature

      >>> moles_to_volume(0.82, 3, 300)
      90
      >>> moles_to_volume(8.2, 5, 200)
      10
    """
    return round(float((moles * 0.0821 * temperature) / (pressure)))


def pressure_and_volume_to_temperature(
    pressure: float, moles: float, volume: float
) -> float:
    """
    Convert pressure and volume to temperature.
      Ideal gas laws are used.
      Temperature is taken in kelvin.
      Volume is taken in litres.
      Pressure has atm as SI unit.

      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws
      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure
      Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature

      >>> pressure_and_volume_to_temperature(0.82, 1, 2)
      20
      >>> pressure_and_volume_to_temperature(8.2, 5, 3)
      60
    """
    return round(float((pressure * volume) / (0.0821 * moles)))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()
