a simple view that expects a trace request and echoes its status line trace requests should not have an entity the view will return a 400 status response if it is present a view that expects a post and returns a different template depending on whether any post data is available used by testbodyreadongetdata a view that expects a post request returns a redirect response to itself providing only a successtrue querystring the value of this querystring is then rendered upon get a view that expects a request with the header applicationjson and json data which is deserialized and included in the context a view which expects raw xml to be posted and returns content extracted from the xml if request method post root parsestringrequest body firstbook root firstchild firstchild title n firstchild nodevalue for n in firstbook childnodes t template title namebook template c contexttitle title else t templateget request namebook get template c context return httpresponset renderc def redirectviewrequest a view that redirects all requests to the get view if request get query urlencoderequest get true else query return httpresponseredirectgetview query def methodsaving307redirectquerystringviewrequest return httpresponseredirectpostview helloworld status307 def methodsaving308redirectquerystringviewrequest return httpresponseredirectpostview helloworld status308 def postviewredirectrequest statuscode a view which just raises an exception simulating a broken view raise keyerroroops looks like you wrote some bad code def mailsendingviewrequest mail emailmessage test message this is a test email fromexample com firstexample com secondexample com send return httpresponsemail sent def massmailsendingviewrequest m1 mail emailmessage first test message this is the first test email fromexample com firstexample com secondexample com m2 mail emailmessage second test message this is the second test email fromexample com secondexample com thirdexample com c mail getconnection c sendmessagesm1 m2 return httpresponsemail sent def nestingexceptionviewrequest client client client getgetview raise exceptionexception message def djangoprojectredirectrequest return httpresponseredirecthttps www djangoproject com def notrailingslashexternalredirectrequest return httpresponseredirecthttps testserver def indexviewrequest prints keys of request files to the response return httpresponse joinrequest files class twoargexceptionexception def initself one two pass def twoargexceptionrequest raise twoargexceptionone two class cbviewtemplateview templatename base html a simple view that expects a trace request and echoes its status line trace requests should not have an entity the view will return a 400 status response if it is present a view that expects a post and returns a different template depending on whether any post data is available used by test_body_read_on_get_data a view that expects a post request returns a redirect response to itself providing only a success true querystring the value of this querystring is then rendered upon get a view that expects a request with the header application json and json data which is deserialized and included in the context a view which expects raw xml to be posted and returns content extracted from the xml redirect to post_view using the status code a view which just raises an exception simulating a broken view a view that uses a nested client to call another view and then raises an exception rfc 3986 section 6 2 3 empty path should be normalized to use https testserver rather than an external domain in order to allow use of follow true triggering client _handle_redirects target for no_trailing_slash_external_redirect with follow true prints keys of request files to the response
import json
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from xml.dom.minidom import parseString

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_required
from django.core import mail
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms.forms import Form
from django.http import (
    HttpResponse,
    HttpResponseBadRequest,
    HttpResponseNotAllowed,
    HttpResponseNotFound,
    HttpResponseRedirect,
)
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.template import Context, Template
from django.test import Client
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.views.generic import TemplateView


def get_view(request):
    "A simple view that expects a GET request, and returns a rendered template"
    t = Template("This is a test. {{ var }} is the value.", name="GET Template")
    c = Context({"var": request.GET.get("var", 42)})

    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


async def async_get_view(request):
    return HttpResponse(b"GET content.")


def trace_view(request):
    
    if request.method.upper() != "TRACE":
        return HttpResponseNotAllowed("TRACE")
    elif request.body:
        return HttpResponseBadRequest("TRACE requests MUST NOT include an entity")
    else:
        protocol = request.META["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]
        t = Template(
            "{{ method }} {{ uri }} {{ version }}",
            name="TRACE Template",
        )
        c = Context(
            {
                "method": request.method,
                "uri": request.path,
                "version": protocol,
            }
        )
        return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


def put_view(request):
    if request.method == "PUT":
        t = Template("Data received: {{ data }} is the body.", name="PUT Template")
        c = Context(
            {
                "Content-Length": request.META["CONTENT_LENGTH"],
                "data": request.body.decode(),
            }
        )
    else:
        t = Template("Viewing GET page.", name="Empty GET Template")
        c = Context()
    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


def post_view(request):
    
    if request.method == "POST":
        if request.POST:
            t = Template(
                "Data received: {{ data }} is the value.", name="POST Template"
            )
            c = Context({"data": request.POST["value"]})
        else:
            t = Template("Viewing POST page.", name="Empty POST Template")
            c = Context()
    else:
        t = Template("Viewing GET page.", name="Empty GET Template")
        
        request.read(200)
        c = Context()
    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


def post_then_get_view(request):
    
    if request.method == "POST":
        return HttpResponseRedirect("?success=true")

    t = Template("The value of success is {{ value }}.", name="GET Template")
    c = Context({"value": request.GET.get("success", "false")})

    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


def json_view(request):
    
    if request.META.get("CONTENT_TYPE") != "application/json":
        return HttpResponse()

    t = Template("Viewing {} page. With data {{ data }}.".format(request.method))
    data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
    c = Context({"data": data})
    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


def view_with_header(request):
    "A view that has a custom header"
    response = HttpResponse()
    response.headers["X-DJANGO-TEST"] = "Slartibartfast"
    return response


def raw_post_view(request):
    
    if request.method == "POST":
        root = parseString(request.body)
        first_book = root.firstChild.firstChild
        title, author = [n.firstChild.nodeValue for n in first_book.childNodes]
        t = Template("{{ title }} - {{ author }}", name="Book template")
        c = Context({"title": title, "author": author})
    else:
        t = Template("GET request.", name="Book GET template")
        c = Context()

    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


def redirect_view(request):
    "A view that redirects all requests to the GET view"
    if request.GET:
        query = "?" + urlencode(request.GET, True)
    else:
        query = ""
    return HttpResponseRedirect("/get_view/" + query)


def method_saving_307_redirect_query_string_view(request):
    return HttpResponseRedirect("/post_view/?hello=world", status=307)


def method_saving_308_redirect_query_string_view(request):
    return HttpResponseRedirect("/post_view/?hello=world", status=308)


def _post_view_redirect(request, status_code):
    
    redirect_to = request.GET.get("to", "/post_view/")
    return HttpResponseRedirect(redirect_to, status=status_code)


def method_saving_307_redirect_view(request):
    return _post_view_redirect(request, 307)


def method_saving_308_redirect_view(request):
    return _post_view_redirect(request, 308)


def redirect_to_different_hostname(request):
    return HttpResponseRedirect("https://hostname2/get_host_view/")


def get_host_view(request):
    return HttpResponse(request.get_host())


def view_with_secure(request):
    "A view that indicates if the request was secure"
    response = HttpResponse()
    response.test_was_secure_request = request.is_secure()
    response.test_server_port = request.META.get("SERVER_PORT", 80)
    return response


def double_redirect_view(request):
    "A view that redirects all requests to a redirection view"
    return HttpResponseRedirect("/permanent_redirect_view/")


def bad_view(request):
    "A view that returns a 404 with some error content"
    return HttpResponseNotFound("Not found!. This page contains some MAGIC content")


TestChoices = (
    ("a", "First Choice"),
    ("b", "Second Choice"),
    ("c", "Third Choice"),
    ("d", "Fourth Choice"),
    ("e", "Fifth Choice"),
)


class TestForm(Form):
    text = fields.CharField()
    email = fields.EmailField()
    value = fields.IntegerField()
    single = fields.ChoiceField(choices=TestChoices)
    multi = fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=TestChoices)

    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data
        if cleaned_data.get("text") == "Raise non-field error":
            raise ValidationError("Non-field error.")
        return cleaned_data


def form_view(request):
    "A view that tests a simple form"
    if request.method == "POST":
        form = TestForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            t = Template("Valid POST data.", name="Valid POST Template")
            c = Context()
        else:
            t = Template(
                "Invalid POST data. {{ form.errors }}", name="Invalid POST Template"
            )
            c = Context({"form": form})
    else:
        form = TestForm(request.GET)
        t = Template("Viewing base form. {{ form }}.", name="Form GET Template")
        c = Context({"form": form})

    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


def form_view_with_template(request):
    "A view that tests a simple form"
    if request.method == "POST":
        form = TestForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            message = "POST data OK"
        else:
            message = "POST data has errors"
    else:
        form = TestForm()
        message = "GET form page"
    return render(
        request,
        "form_view.html",
        {
            "form": form,
            "message": message,
        },
    )


@login_required
def login_protected_view(request):
    "A simple view that is login protected."
    t = Template(
        "This is a login protected test. Username is {{ user.username }}.",
        name="Login Template",
    )
    c = Context({"user": request.user})

    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


@login_required(redirect_field_name="redirect_to")
def login_protected_view_changed_redirect(request):
    "A simple view that is login protected with a custom redirect field set"
    t = Template(
        "This is a login protected test. Username is {{ user.username }}.",
        name="Login Template",
    )
    c = Context({"user": request.user})
    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


def _permission_protected_view(request):
    "A simple view that is permission protected."
    t = Template(
        "This is a permission protected test. "
        "Username is {{ user.username }}. "
        "Permissions are {{ user.get_all_permissions }}.",
        name="Permissions Template",
    )
    c = Context({"user": request.user})
    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


permission_protected_view = permission_required("permission_not_granted")(
    _permission_protected_view
)
permission_protected_view_exception = permission_required(
    "permission_not_granted", raise_exception=True
)(_permission_protected_view)


class _ViewManager:
    @method_decorator(login_required)
    def login_protected_view(self, request):
        t = Template(
            "This is a login protected test using a method. "
            "Username is {{ user.username }}.",
            name="Login Method Template",
        )
        c = Context({"user": request.user})
        return HttpResponse(t.render(c))

    @method_decorator(permission_required("permission_not_granted"))
    def permission_protected_view(self, request):
        t = Template(
            "This is a permission protected test using a method. "
            "Username is {{ user.username }}. "
            "Permissions are {{ user.get_all_permissions }}.",
            name="Permissions Template",
        )
        c = Context({"user": request.user})
        return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


_view_manager = _ViewManager()
login_protected_method_view = _view_manager.login_protected_view
permission_protected_method_view = _view_manager.permission_protected_view


def session_view(request):
    "A view that modifies the session"
    request.session["tobacconist"] = "hovercraft"

    t = Template(
        "This is a view that modifies the session.",
        name="Session Modifying View Template",
    )
    c = Context()
    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))


def broken_view(request):
    
    raise KeyError("Oops! Looks like you wrote some bad code.")


def mail_sending_view(request):
    mail.EmailMessage(
        "Test message",
        "This is a test email",
        "from@example.com",
        ["first@example.com", "second@example.com"],
    ).send()
    return HttpResponse("Mail sent")


def mass_mail_sending_view(request):
    m1 = mail.EmailMessage(
        "First Test message",
        "This is the first test email",
        "from@example.com",
        ["first@example.com", "second@example.com"],
    )
    m2 = mail.EmailMessage(
        "Second Test message",
        "This is the second test email",
        "from@example.com",
        ["second@example.com", "third@example.com"],
    )

    c = mail.get_connection()
    c.send_messages([m1, m2])

    return HttpResponse("Mail sent")


def nesting_exception_view(request):
    
    client = Client()
    client.get("/get_view/")
    raise Exception("exception message")


def django_project_redirect(request):
    return HttpResponseRedirect("https://www.djangoproject.com/")


def no_trailing_slash_external_redirect(request):
    
    return HttpResponseRedirect("https://testserver")


def index_view(request):
    
    return HttpResponse("Hello world")


def upload_view(request):
    
    return HttpResponse(", ".join(request.FILES))


class TwoArgException(Exception):
    def __init__(self, one, two):
        pass


def two_arg_exception(request):
    raise TwoArgException("one", "two")


class CBView(TemplateView):
    template_name = "base.html"