这些制度本质上是将更多的决策权利和一定的利润以不完全契约的方式委托给了农民和工人，因此给了他们更大的激励在集体所有制的土地上和国有制企业中更加高效地工作。
Those systems essentially delegated more decision-making rights, as well as certain profits, to farmers and workers, so that they had a stronger incentive to work more efficiently within state-owned communes and firms.