这一过程的特征包括实验、评估、调整、再实验这样的互动循环，它起源于中共在20世纪30年代的内战经验，邓小平在20世纪80年代的改革中所使用的就是这一适应性学习过程，并由后来的中国领导人不断提炼完善。
This process – characterized by experimentation, assessment, and adjustment – emerged from the CCP’s military experience of the 1930s, was applied by Deng Xiaoping to his reform program in the 1980s, and has been refined by subsequent Chinese leaders.