但是，据此定义，十九世纪的英国 — — 在1870实力顶峰时期，其GDP为世界第三（次于美国和俄国 ） ， 军事支出亦为世界第三（次于俄国和法国 ） — —就不能称之为霸权，尽管它拥有海洋主宰力。
But, by this definition, nineteenth-century Britain – which at the height of its power in 1870 ranked third (behind the US and Russia) in GDP and third (behind Russia and France) in military expenditures – could not be considered hegemonic, despite its naval dominance.