美国和拥有页岩能源技术方面的领先优势，并建成了巨大的输油管道、炼油厂和能源部门港口网络，可以直接用于页岩气和页岩油（尽管也需要大量新投资 ） 。
It also enjoys a technological lead in shale-energy technologies, and it already has a vast network of pipelines, refineries, and ports in the energy sector that can be repurposed for shale gas and oil (though much more investment will be needed).