1814—1815年的维也纳会议规定蓄奴为犯罪行为，此后，一些国家将这一概念应用于奴隶贩子，奴隶贩子的许多罪行也是在国家法律辖区之外犯下的。
Following the 1814-1815 Congress of Vienna, with its condemnation of slavery, some states applied the concept to slave traders, who also committed many of their crimes outside national jurisdictions.