有些人说PISA的结果基于太广泛的因素组合，这些因素之间缺乏关联，另一些人则认为测试不同语言和文化背景的学生天生具有不合理性。
Some claim that the PISA results are based on too wide a range of factors to be relevant, while others point out the challenges inherent in testing students in various languages and with different cultural backgrounds.