相反，当工业革命增加了更大的市场的价值时，意大利（1861—1871年）和德国（1870—1871年）通过在民族主义情绪和共同语言的基础上合并小国而得以建立，实际上，两国都必须被建立。
By contrast, when the Industrial Revolution increased the value of larger markets, Italy (1861-1871) and Germany (1870-1871) were created by unifying smaller states on the basis of nationalist sentiment and a common language, both of which actually had to be created.