普林斯顿大学经济学家安妮·卡斯和安格斯·迪顿的研究显示不具备大学学历的低收入白人其人口趋势比非洲裔美国人更加糟糕，而非洲裔美国人在历史上曾长期经历地位最低的不平等。
Research by the Princeton economists Anne Case and Angus Deaton shows that the demographic trends among lower-income whites without a college degree are worse than those for African-Americans, who historically anchored the lower extremes of inequality.