此外还有各项新挑战 — — 从气候变化，过度捕捞，海洋生态系统退化到海上非国家行为体（如海盗，恐怖分子和犯罪集团）的出现 — — 以及区域安全环境变得日益充满和不确定。
Add to that new challenges – from climate change, overfishing, and degradation of marine ecosystems to the emergence of maritime non-state actors, such as pirates, terrorists, and criminal syndicates – and the regional security environment is becoming increasingly fraught and uncertain.