哈佛大学经济学教授森迪尔·穆莱纳森（Sendhil Mullainathan）和普林斯顿大学心理学教授埃达尔·沙菲尔（Eldar Shafir）在他们2013年出版的开创性著作《稀缺：为何过度的匮乏影响如此巨大》一书中研究了人们在管理工作，家庭和生活的各类决定条件。
In their pioneering 2013 book Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much, Harvard’s Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir of Princeton University examined the conditions under which people make decisions regarding how they manage their jobs, families, and lives.