1997年京都议定书尝试采用可交易配额系统为二氧化碳排放制定价格，但以失败告终，因为美国和一些新兴国家拒绝加入京都议定书。
The 1997 Kyoto Protocol attempted to use a system of tradable quotas to establish a price on carbon-dioxide emissions, but foundered after the United States and several emerging countries refused to join.