在许多阿拉伯国家，现有的公共和私营企业 — — 尤其是在金融服务、电讯和能源等关键部门 — — 均享有明显的优势，包括直接保护、阻止新参与主体进入市场的繁琐的监管，以及针对自然垄断的限制不足。
In many Arab countries, incumbent public and private firms – especially in critical sectors like financial services, telecommunications, and energy – enjoy significant advantages, including outright protection, onerous regulations that deter market entry by new players, and inadequate limits on natural monopolies.