曝光这一狭隘理念的部分难度在于在相信和不相信真实世界的市场经济接近完全竞争的新古典主义经济学家之间存在着派系分歧。 相信上述理念的经济学家被称为“芝加哥学派 ” ， 代表学者包括米尔顿·弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）和乔治·斯蒂格勒（George Stigler ） 。
Part of the difficulty of exposing this narrowness is that there is a family split among neo-classical economists between those who believe that real-world market economies approximate perfect competition and those who don’t.