最新的麦肯锡全球研究所（McKinsey Global Institute）研究提出了五大相互强化的“局面改变因素 ” ， 能极大地影响2020年的GDP增长、生产率和美国就业。 它们是页岩能源、大数据分析学、知识密集型产业出口、基础设施投资和人才开发。
A recent McKinsey Global Institute study identifies five mutually reinforcing “game changers” that could have a significant effect on GDP growth, productivity, and employment in the US by 2020: shale energy, big-data analytics, exports in knowledge-intensive industries, infrastructure investment, and talent development.