很多相信乳腺X光造影筛查挽救了自己生命的女性实际患上的是所谓“无效”癌（源于上皮组织的无痛病变 ） ， 这些病变直到她们因其他原因去世都不会有任何发展。
Many of the women who believe that their lives were saved by mammography screenings actually had so-called “IDLE” cancers (indolent lesions of epithelial origin), which would not have progressed before they died of other causes.