发展中国家受制于人力和金融资本水平低下，以及外汇储备不足或难以获得外汇（这限制了它们进口提高其全球价值链地位所需要的原材料和设备的能力 ） 。
Developing countries today are constrained by low levels of human and financial capital, and by low reserves of or access to foreign exchange, which limits their ability to import the raw materials and equipment needed to ascend global value chains.