面对痛苦、畸形、机能丧失以及严重残疾的威胁，个人和家庭通过用伦理、宗教和美学活动来重塑意义、情感和价值，��而在本地的道德世界里重新定义痛苦的体验。
Faced with a threat of pain, disfigurement, loss of function, and serious disability, individuals and families reframe the experience of suffering within their local moral world by remaking meanings, emotions, and values via ethical, religious, and aesthetic activities.