在高度相关的研究上的投资非常低：在美国，这方面的投资大约只占联邦在纳米技术的研究和开发上的11亿美元投资的1 % 。
Investment in highly relevant research was low: in the United States, it was only an estimated 1% of the $1.1 billion federal investment in nanotechnology research and development.