除了使这种行为合法化的律师外，心理学家、精神病学家、医生（每次刑讯都必须有医生在场 ） 、 学者也经常提供道德、法律或哲学上的辩护。
Besides the lawyers legitimating the deeds, psychologists, psychiatrists, doctors (whose presence was mandatory at any session), and scholars also regularly provided moral, legal, or philosophical justifications.