而俄罗斯对西方在苏联解体后的行径怀着深深的不满。 在戈尔巴乔夫时代，俄罗斯认为西方会坚持冷战时期的遏制政策。
Growing resentment toward the West has reinforced Russian leaders’ enduring penchant for the concepts of “Great Powers” and “spheres of influence,” and the belief that international relations is a zero-sum game, in which others’ gain is Russia’s loss.