比如，PISA评估表明，尽管日本学生长于复述学到的知识，但被问及需要创造性地应用所学知识的外延性问题时往往难于应付。
For example, PISA assessments have revealed that, while Japanese students excel at reproducing what they have learned, they often struggle when asked to extrapolate from that knowledge and apply it creatively.