如今，欧洲人对汉密尔顿观点的实践方面领会甚深 — — 即债务共同化可以降低信用成本；但对于汉密尔顿认为至关重要的政治制度或共同的公德，欧洲人还任重道远。
Europeans today have latched onto the practical side of Hamilton’s argument – that is, the idea that debt mutualization might be a means to cheaper credit; but they have worked out neither the political institutions, nor the shared public virtue, that Hamilton deemed crucial.