Read the following passage and questions, then choose the right answer from options, the answer should be one of A, B, C, D.

<passage>:
The Snowball Effect Come on now." I smiled condescendingly, knowing it would irritate him. "What are you doing that's worth anything?" open system mathematics, has been recognized as an outstanding and valuable contribution to—" The words were impressive, whatever they meant, but this still didn't management decisions. And, of course, since the depression, Washington has been using sociological studies of employment, labor and standards of living as a basis for its general policies of—" would hardly be a recommendation. Washington, the New Deal and the present Administration are somewhat touchy subjects to the men I have to deal with. They consider its value debatable, if you know what I and industry. Caswell had to show a way to make his own department are ways of doing it indirectly. He laid down his book and ran a hand over his ruffled hair. "Institutions—organizations, that is—" his voice became more resonant to deliver an essay—"have certain tendencies built into the way they happen to have been organized, which cause them to expand or contract against an outside enemy—will either grow insensately and extend its control until it is a tyranny over their whole lives, or, like other organizations set up to serve a vital need, will tend to repeatedly dwindle and vanish, and have to be painfully rebuilt. "The reason can be traced to little quirks in the way they were simple questions as, 'Is there a way a holder of authority in this organization can use the power available to him to increase his power?' provide the key. But it still could not be handled until the complex questions of interacting motives and long-range accumulations of minor effects could somehow be simplified and formulated. In working on the mathematics, expressing the human factors of intermeshing authority and motives in simple formulas. "By these formulations, it is possible to determine automatically the amount of growth and period of life of any organization. The UN, to choose an unfortunate example, is a shrinker type organization. Its monetary support is not in the hands of those who personally benefit by its governmental activities, but, instead, in the hands of those who would personally lose by any extension and encroachment of its authority on their own. Yet by the use of formula analysis—" "That's theory," I said. "How about proof?" "My equations are already being used in the study of limited-size Federal corporations. Washington—" "I see you have your problems, too," Caswell said, conceding me he produce something tangible. I frankly didn't give a hoot if he blew his lid. My job isn't easy. For a crumb of favorable publicity and respect in the newspapers and going hat in hand, asking politely for money at everyone's door, like a well-dressed panhandler, and trying to manage the university Caswell had to make it work or get out. I hadn't expected to understand the equation, but it was almost as clear as a sentence. I was impressed and slightly intimidated by it. He had already explained enough so that I knew that, if he was right, He was deep in the symbology of human motives and the equations of snowball, and decided to run the test by making something grow. "You add the motives," he said, "and the equation will translate them manipulation so that a special grouping appeared in the middle of the equation. "That's it." Since I seemed to have the right idea, I suggested some more, and he added some, and juggled them around in different patterns. We threw out a few that would have made the organization too complicated, and finally worked out an idyllically simple and deadly little organization setup where joining had all the temptation of buying a sweepstakes ticket, going in deeper was as easy as hanging around a race track, and already. We can pick a suitable group from that." "This demonstration has got to be convincing. We'd better pick a little group that no one in his right mind would expect to grow." I pointed out to Caswell the member I thought would be the natural half doze while Caswell stayed awake beside me and wrote in his better chance of getting into office than a non-shover?" "I think there's a way they could find for it," Caswell whispered back, and went to work on his equation again. "Yes, several ways to bias the elections." "Good. Point them out tactfully to the one you select. Not as if she'd use such methods, but just as an example of the reason why only can be trusted with initiating the change. Just mention all the personal advantages an unscrupulous person could have." conspiring. After the meeting, Caswell drew the tall woman in the green suit If Caswell's equations meant anything at all, we had given that sewing how the test was coming along. Passing Caswell's office, I put my head "Caswell, about that sewing club business—I'm beginning to feel the suspense. Could I get an advance report on how it's coming?" "Would that change the results?" Poor Caswell. The bet between us was ironclad. He wouldn't let me And what if Caswell asked me what I had found out in the meantime? I copies to make sure there'll be enough to last." The tall woman on the platform had been making a driving, forceful "With a bright and glorious future—potentially without poor and without uncared-for ill—potentially with no ugliness, no vistas which hand on the speaker's stand with each word for emphasis. " All we need is more members. Now get out there and recruit! " fusion, but keeping the same constitution—the constitution with the bright promise of advantages as long as there were always new members being brought in. for attracting some new industries to the town, industries which had the form of a rise in the price of building sites and a boom in the building industry. The profit distributing arrangement was the same one that had been built into the organization plan for the distribution of the small profits of membership fees and honorary promotions. It politicians went into this, too.... I laughed, filing the newspaper with the other documents on the Watashaw test. These proofs would fascinate any businessman with the sense to see where his bread was buttered. A businessman is constantly dealing with organizations, including his own, and finding them either inert, cantankerous, or both. Caswell's formula could be a handle to grasp them with. Gratitude alone would bring money into the university were spectacular. Caswell's formulas were proven to the hilt. "Perfect, Wilt, perfect ! I can use this Watashaw thing to get you so obviously he was still peeved whenever he was reminded that I had doubted that his theory could work. And he was using its success to string of degrees after his name is just as human as anyone else. I had needled him pretty hard that first time. "I'm satisfied," I acknowledged. "I was wrong. The formulas work beautifully. Come over and see my file of documents on it if you want a boost for your ego. Now let's see the formula for stopping it." He sounded cheerful again. "I didn't complicate that organization with negatives. I wanted it to . It falls apart naturally when it stops growing for more than two months. It's like the great stock boom before an economic crash. Everyone in it is prosperous as long as the prices just keep going up and new buyers come into the market, but The graph on the desk before me began to look sinister. Surely Caswell must have made some provision for— "You underestimate their ingenuity," I said into the phone. "Since they wanted to expand, they didn't stick to sewing. They went from general charity to social welfare schemes to something that's pretty close to contractual, open to all. That social dividend sounds like a Technocrat climbed on the band wagon, eh?" growing more rapidly with each increase. "Leaving out practical limitations for a moment, where does the formula There was a long silence while Caswell probably drew the same graph bar, if you can call it lunch. The movement we started will expand by hook or by crook, by seduction or by bribery or by propaganda or by conquest, but it will expand. And maybe a total world government will

<question>:
What did Caswell's theories help predict?

<options>:
A How to collect the most money for personal gain as fast as possible
B How to fundraise the most money for an institution as fast as possible
C How to expand an organization and increase its power
D How to win an election while creating as few political promises as possible

<answer>:

C