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In future, an unmanned helicopter will search for people trapped in fallen buildings or investigate contaminated terrain. The mini-helicopter will be powered by a very light fuel cell that weighs only 30 grams and has an output of 12 watts.
Helicopters with fuel cells
Berlin, Germany | Posted on June 3rd, 2008The old saying that "there is strength in numbers" also applies to fuel cells. To deliver a high enough power output, a number of cells have to be connected in series. Manufacturers normally stack the fuel cells - a structure consisting of several metal plates, each containing one channel for air and one for hydrogen. This makes the fuel cell stack quite heavy. Together with colleagues at the Technical University of Berlin, researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration IZM in Berlin have developed a fuel cell that weighs only 30 grams and has an output of 12 watts. The high power density of 400 watts per kilogram has so far only been achieved in considerably larger systems weighing several hundred grams. The fuel cell is light enough to power a twenty-centimeter helicopter. It is being developed by the participants in an EU project, and will be used in future for missions such as locating victims trapped in fallen buildings, monitoring traffic or investigating tracts of land that have been contaminated by chemical accidents.How did the researchers manage to reduce the weight of the fuel cells so dramatically? "We use very thin, planar fuel cells," explains IZM team leader Dr. Robert Hahn. "We have replaced the metal plates by lightweight plastic spacers." The researchers have no need for an additional pump to provide an adequate air supply: The wind generated by the helicopter's rotor blades goes directly into the air vents. The scientists had to devise a solution for the hydrogen supply, too, as a conventional pressure tank would be too heavy for the helicopter. "We have built a small reactor containing solid sodium borohydride. If we inject water, this produces hydrogen," declares Hahn. Since the helicopter always needs about the same amount of energy to stay in the air, the reactor always has to produce a consistent quantity of hydrogen. The researchers have already built a prototype of the lightweight fuel cell. The helicopter is expected to take off, powered by this fuel cell, in just over a year's time. For the scientists, the next step is to adjust the hydrogen production to cater for fluctuating energy requirements. There are plenty of applications for such a fuel cell: It could be used as a charging point for laptop computers and cell phones, for instance.####About Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and MicrointegrationThe Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft undertakes applied research of direct utility to private and public enterprise and of wide benefit to society.Our Customers: * Industry * Service sector * Public administration Facts and Figures at a Glance: * More than 80 research units, including 56 Fraunhofer Institutes, at 40 different locations in Germany * The majority of the 13, 000 staff are qualified scientists and engineers * � 1.3 billion annual research budget totaling. Of this sum, more than 1 billion euros is generated through contract research. Two thirds of the research revenue is derived from contracts with industry and from publicly financed research projects. Only one third is contributed by the German federal and L�nder governments in the form of institutional funding * Research centers and representative offices in Europe, USA, Asia and in the Middle EastThe Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is also active on an international level: Affiliated research centers and representative offices provide contact with the regions of greatest importance to present and future scientific progress and economic development.
Contacts:Dr. Robert HahnPhone: +49 (0) 30/46403-609Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and MicrointegrationIZMGustav-Meyer-Allee 2513355 Berlin
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