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ERCILIA DELANCER ENGLISH LANGUAGE FELLOW PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER
My name is Ercilia Delancer and I have been teaching English as a Second Language (ESL), English as a Foreign Language (EFL), and English for Academic Purposes(EAP) since 1999. I have a bachelors degree in sociology from the University of Washington and a masters in TESOL (Teacher of English for Speakers of Other Languages) from Florida International University. I have taught students at the elementary, secondary and college level. I served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal (2000-2002) at a secondary school in the village of Gaindakot, near the Indian border, where I taught English and literature to students ranging from the 8th to the 12th grade. I have been an English Language Fellow since 2011 first serving in Tajikistan (2011-2012) and currently in Kyrgyzstan (2012-2013) where I have done a mixture of teaching English to future teachers of English and teacher training as well. Any questions, comments or suggestions can be sent to me at: firstname.lastname@example.org
In Memoriam Sue Gershenson (1945-2011) Peace Corp Volunteer Nepal 191 (2000-2002) This booklet originated in the Terai region of Nepal where I served as a Peace Corps volunteer teaching English and American and British literature to high school students. It was born out of a concern for the paucity of teaching resources available to the typical village school teacher who only had access to the government-issued textbook, chalk, and board. No credit is been given to any particular source for materials here, except where noted, as I came across them while attending multiple workshops and seminars sponsored by the Peace Corps, the British Council and other NGOs in the area. In addition, many of the worksheets are freely available online these days. Sue Gershenson, my fellow Peace Corps Volunteer in Nepal, played a pivotal role in getting the original booklet published in 2002. Although she was a lawyer by profession, she offered invaluable advice in the formatting of the materials to make it more accessible to the teachers. She lost her battle against cancer in 2011, and I miss her terribly. This revised booklet is being made available free of charge for anyone interested in picking up some new ideas, games or warm-ups as well as refreshing their knowledge of certain grammar structures, idiomatic expressions or difficult words. I would like to thank Willoughby Ann Walshe, Peace Corps volunteer in Kyrgyzstan (K20), for her assistance in revising the materials and collating them into a more logical ordering. Ercilia Delancer, Teacher Trainer English Language Fellow (2011 and 2012) Peace Corps Volunteer, Nepal (2000-2002) Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan June 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PREFACE In Memoriam TABLE OF CONTENTS 12. SO YOU THINK IT'S EASY TO LEARN ENGLISH??? 13. BELIEFS ABOUT LANGUAGE LEARNING INVENTORY 14. STUDENTS SAY A GREAT TEACHER…… 15. CLASSROOM RULES 16. 99 WAYS TO SAY “VERY GOOD” 18. Causes of Students' Misbehavior 20. ENCOURAGING ENGLISH IN CLASS 21. WORDS THAT ENCOURAGE 22. STUDENT’S SURVEY 23. SING ME A SONG 25. THE ALPHABET SONG 26. ICEBREAKERS, WARM-UPS, ENERGIZERS AND OTHER GAMES GRAMMAR REVIEW, EXERCISES AND GAMES 50. WHAT IS GRAMMAR? 60. A WORLD OF LANGUAGE: A GLOSSARY OF TERMS 62. PARTS OF SPEECH 64. FUNNY GRAMMAR RULES 65. ADJECTIVE POSITION 67. COMPARING DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES 69. COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 70. COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE QUIZ 71. ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS/LINKING VERBS 72. DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN ADJECTIVES ENDING IN –ED VERSUS 73. SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES 74. COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE QUIZ 75. NONPROGRESSIVE, NON-CONTINUOUS OR STATIVE VERBS 76. STATIVE or LINKING VERBS: An Exercise 78. GUIDELINES FOR USING ARTICLES 79. USING DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE” 80. ARTICLES EXERCISE 81. CAPITALIZATION RULES 82. CAPITALIZATION EXERCISE 83. CAUSATIVE VERBS: GET, HAVE, LET, MAKE 84. CONJUNCTIONS: A SUMMARY 86. Conjunctions - So, But, Or, And 87. CONJUNCTION ACTIVITY 88. FOR AND SINCE (TIME) 89. GERUNDS VERSUS INFINITIVE 90. “I” and “Me” 91. IRREGULAR VERBS: AN ALPHABETICAL LIST 93. Irregular Verbs Exercise
94. LIST OF MODALS 95. MODALS - An EXERCISE 96. NONCOUNT NOUNS 97. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE - NOUN QUANTIFIERS 98. PHRASAL VERBS (SEPARABLE) 99. PHRASAL VERBS – INSEPARABLE 101. TWO-WORD VERBS - A QUIZ 102. PHRASAL VERB EXERCISE 103. PREPOSITIONS: A SUMMARY 107. PREPOSITION QUIZ 108. PREPOSITION PRACTICE 109. PROVERBS – AN EXERCISE USING PREPOSITIONS 110. PREPOSITIONS + GERUND 111. PRONOUN EXERCISE 112. OBJECT PRONOUNS 113. ALL PRONOUNS PRACTICE 114. ANY / SOME: AN EXPLANATION 115. SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 118. EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY 119. USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER AND NEITHER
120. SO, TOO, EITHER OR NEITHER: AN EXERCISE
121. QUOTED SPEECH VERSUS REPORTED SPEECH 122. REDUNDANCY 123. RELATED WORDS 124. RELATED WORDS PRACTICE 125. TAG QUESTIONS 126. TAG QUESTIONS EXERCISE 127. WHEN AND WHY DO WE USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT? 128. THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE 129. Distinguishing between the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Progressive 130. USING THE SIMPLE PAST VERSUS THE PRESENT PERFECT 131. EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE 132. BASIC SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT 133. Subject-Verb Agreement: AN EXERCISE 134. Subject - Verb Agreement: More Practice 135. SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT: USING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY 136. FORMS OF YES/NO AND INFORMATION QUESTIONS 137. USING ADVERB CLAUSES TO SHOW TIME RELATIONSHIPS 138. Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships 139. EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO 140. Seven Ways to Express the Future in English 142. USING WHO, WHOM, AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 143. ABOUT YOU - ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 144. If: Special Tense Use 145. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES 146. USES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE 147. ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE – AN EXERCISE 148. WH- Question Practice 149. THERE IS OR THERE ARE? 150. USING SO AND SUCH
151. USING ALREADY, YET, STILL AND ANYMORE 152. Troublesome Verbs 153. SAY AND TELL 154. SAME AS, SIMILAR TO, OR DIFFERENT FROM 155. TOO MUCH OR TOO MANY?? 156. USING “WHEN’ AND “WHILE” WITH THE PAST CONTINUOUS AND THE SIMPLE PAST 157. COLLOCATIONS WITH MAKE AND DO 159. MAKE OR DO EXERCISE 160. CONNECTIVES – AN EXERCISE 161. SENTENCE AUCTION 162. PUNCTUATION MARKS 163. THE USES OF THE COMMA SPEAKING ACTIVITIES AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS 167. WHY STUDENTS DON’T LIKE TO SPEAK IN CLASS 168. DISCUSSION TOPICS BY LEVELS 169. WISE WORDS 170. SILENT LETTER GAME 171. SITUATIONS AND THEIR APPROPRIATE RESPONSE 172. WE BOTH LOVE.... AN ICEBREAKER 173. Tying the Knot 174. THE GOOD MANNERS GAME 174. THE TWO MINUTE CHALLENGE 175. THINGS PEOPLE HAVEN’T DONE 176. Cosmetic Surgery 177. COMPLAINTS AND ADVICE 178. MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND CHILDREN 179. WORD STRESS PATTERN 180. IDIOMS ABOUT THE BODY AND THE MIND 181. TABOO GAME – FAMOUS PEOPLE 182. GET A LIFE 184. GOOD MANNERS 185. SCATTERGORIES 186. PHRASES AND PLACES 187. Shop till you drop 188. PEOPLE, PLACES OR THINGS 189. TIME 190. CLICHES 191. Personality Traits 192. $ $ Money $ $ 193. THINGS PEOPLE CAN AND CAN’T DO 194. THOUGHTS ON FAMILY 195. SPEECH RUBRIC 196. RIDDLES FOR CHILDREN 196. MORE RIDDLES 198. QUESTIONS ABOUT COLORS 199. PAINTING WITH WORDS 200. LIVING IN THE PAST 201. HOMOPHONES – A DICTATION EXERCISE 202. LIKES AND DISLIKES 203. LET’S HAVE A PARTY
204. INTO MUSIC 205. INTERVIEW FORM 206. WHY MIGHT YOU……. 207. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS USING COLORS 208. COMMON COMPARISONS – SIMILES 209. MIMES 210. I WISH ……………………… 211. Growing Up 212. GETTING TO KNOW YOU 213. FUTURE PLANS 214. FIND SOMEONE WHO….. 215. Find out if your partner… 216. GESTURES AND COMMANDS – BODY LANGUAGE 215. FAMOUS PEOPLE TO TALK ABOUT 217. FAMOUS PAIRS 219. Health Consciousness 220. READING SURVEY 221. Hopes and Dreams 222. TOUR GUIDE 223. Children and Parents 224. MODERN DAY WOMEN 225. EXPRESSING OUR MOODS 226. You Can’t Live With Them, You Can’t Live Without Them 227. ALL ABOUT TRAVELING 228. The Best and Worst 229. A DAY TRIP TO NEW YORK CITY 230. THE BIRDS AND THE BEES 231. Eating Habits (A) 232. Eating Habits (B) 234. DOING THINGS 235. I’ve never …………………………… 237. ANIMATED ANIMALS 238. PARENT POWER 239. ADOLESCENCE 240. ANIMAL IDIOMS 241. What would happen if. . . 242. USING IDIOMS 244. CHILDREN AND GROWING UP 245. FOOD IDIOMS 246. VICES 247. DILEMMAS 248. DATING 249. CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENT / DEBATE TOPICS 250. PARENTAL PUNISHMENT 251. CONTRACTIONS 252. BATTLE OF THE SEXES 253. COMMON SUPERSTITIONS 254. AGE 255. ABOUT ME 256. Creating the Ideal Society
257. IF I COULD BE ………………………. 258. Tongue-Twisters 259. OVERWORKED AND UNDERPAID 260. The Perfect Partner 261. Preferences A 262. Preferences B 263. PROVERBIALLY, YOU CAN’T 264. The Ideal Job 265. Family Life 266. FOLLOW THE IDIOM 267. REDUCTIONS 268. Food for Thought 269. A REVIEW OF SOME IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS 271. How many can you think of? 272. Tell Us Something 273. IDIOMS TO EXPRESS HAPPINESS OR SADNESS 274. THINGS I DO 275. Prejudice 276. RATE THE APPARATUS 277. WHAT REALLY ANNOYS YOU? 278. Idioms to Use in Class Situations 279. THREE DISHES, BOOKS, PLACES AND HOBBIES 280. Topics to Talk About 281. WHEN I WAS A CHILD..... 282. WHY DON'T WE..... 283. TRIBOND ACTIVITY 284. TRIBOND – Answer Key 285. Working My Life Away 286. IDIOMS ABOUT THE BODY AND THE MIND 287. WOMEN AND THE PROFESSIONS 289. TRUE OR FALSE 290. What are you afraid of? 291. Conversation Questions: What if………………..? 292. Young Adulthood 293. BODY PART IDIOMS 295. Star-Struck 296. IN FOCUS – INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 297. Find someone who .................. 298. WHAT A BEAUTY! 299. PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -ED 300. Wildlife 301. Connected Speech 302. LINKING 303. Complaining 304. Ouch! That Smarts! VOCABULARY INSTRUCTIONS AND GAMES 306. TEACHING VOCABULARY 307. WHO WORKS HERE? 308. KINDS OF THINGS THAT… 309. WORDS TO INSULT THE FOLKS YOU DISLIKE
310. WHAT DO YOU CALL THE THING THAT ……………………….? 311. Which Word is Out? 312. WHAT DO THEY DO? 313. NAME YOUR FEAR 314. WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES 315. PREFIXES 317. OCCUPATIONAL BINGO 318. COMPARING WORD MEANING 319. PLACES – BUILDINGS PEOPLE LIVE IN 320. PLACES TO GO FOR A PURPOSE 321. OCCUPATIONS QUIZ 322. Nouns for Defining 323. COLLOCATIONS FOR NOUNS AND THEIR PARTITIVES 324. Bingo 325. MY PERSONAL STRENGTHS SHEET 326. IN OTHER WORDS: SYNONYMS 328. ANALOGIES 329. SYNONYMS 330. ANTONYMS 331. WHICH ONE IS THE ODD ONE OUT? 332. WHAT DO I DO? OR WHAT IS MY JOB? 3313. GIVE AN EXAMPLE 334. FIND SOMETHING……. 335. FAMILY RELATIONS 337. FAMILY RELATIONSHIP QUIZ 338. FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE 339. THE INTERACTIVE PREFIX SURVEY 340. EUPHEMISMS 341. EPONYMS 342. ELIMINATION GAME 343. DOUBLESPEAK 344. COLLECTIVE NOUNS 345. CLIPPED WORDS 346. PORTMANTEAU WORDS 346. ANIMALS AND THEIR MEAT 347. A QUIZ OF COLLECTIVE NOUNS 348. ORIGINS: Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral 349. DIFFICULT WORDS 350. AT HOME – PARTS OF THE HOUSE WRITING ACTIVITIES 352. WRITING SURVEY 353. AUTOBIOGRAPHY 354. INTEREST INVENTORY 355. AT THE ZOO 356. YOU CAN HAVE ……. 357. MY FAVORITE SANDWICH 358. MAD LIBS 359. MY BEDROOM 360. PUT-TOGETHERS 361. ANIMAL HABITS
ANIMALS AND THEIR BABIES 395. UNFINISHED SENTENCES 378. CLOTHING VOCABULARY 400..362. FOOD 411. WRITING TOPICS 366. ANIMALS: AN ALPHABETICAL LIST 394. ADJECTIVES THAT DESCRIBE PERSONALITY 393. HOMOPHONES 415. MY IDEAL SCHOOL 367. MAKING ADJECTIVES 373. 300 USEFUL ADJECTIVES 390. MY IDEAL HOME 379.ANIMALS 404. BABY ITEMS 396. COMPOUND WORD BASES 405. MY LAST VACATION 376. Jewelry – Vocabulary 401. MAIN CHARACTER QUESTIONNAIRE 381. HERBS AND SPICES 414. NOUN AND ADJECTIVE FORMS 371.. COMMON COLLOCATES 403. OXYMORONS 377. SENTENCE STARTERS TWO 372. FEELINGS – VOCABULARY 409. CHRISTMAS VOCABULARY 400. ADJECTIVES AND THEIR OPPOSITES 391. EDITING TIPS 383. HOW TO WRITE GOOD VOCABULARY: A GLOSSARY 388. THE HARDEST WORKING WORDS 365. ELABORATIONS 382. KIM'S GAME . MY HOMETOWN 380. COCKTAILS AND MIXED DRINKS 402. SENTENCE BEGINNINGS 375. 413. SENTENCE ENDS 374.. BE MORE DESCRIPTIVE 385. A FAMOUS HOLIDAY IN YOUR COUNTRY 363. HAVE YOU EVER. SKELETON STORIES 369. BODY PARTS 398. FLOWERS AND VINES 410. DESCRIBING PEOPLE 364. Vegetables – Vocabulary 412. LANGUAGES AND NATIONALITIES 408. WRITING QUIZ 386. COUNTRIES AND CAPITALS 406. Fruit – Vocabulary 411. COLLECTIVE NOUNS . COUNTRIES. SENTENCE STARTERS 370. A TIMELINE 384.
Literary Devices 435.416. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 418. TREES 427. SOUNDS ANIMALS MAKE 424. LEISURE ACTIVITIES 417. SIMILES OF COMPARISON 423. WHAT DOES IT TASTE LIKE? 431. SILENT LETTERS 422. WORDS AND THEIR OPPOSITES 432. THE 100 WORDS MOST COMMONLY MISSPELLED 425. OCCUPATIONS / PROFESSIONS 421. 300 USEFUL ADJECTIVES – INTERMEDIATE 426. NOUN – MASTER LIST 420. VERBS – MASTER LIST 430. NATURE 419. EFL RESOURCE BOOKLET – ANSWER KEYS . TROUBLESOME WORDS 429.
14.They sent a sewer down to stitch the tear in the sewer line.The wind was too strong to wind the sail.The soldier decided to desert in the desert.There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row. 16.The accountant records the records at the record store.How can I intimate this to my most intimate of friend? 20.SO YOU THINK IT'S EASY TO LEARN ENGLISH??? Here are twenty-three reasons why the English language is hard to learn: (Read each sentence aloud. 17.To help with planting. I shed a tear. 6. you may need to practice) 1.The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse.How can I live under live wire? 23. 19.The farm was used to produce produce.Upon seeing the tear in my clothes.After a number of injections my jaw got number. 22. 12.When shot at.He could lead if he could get the lead out 3. 10.I had to subject the subject to a series of tests. 9. the farmer taught his sow how to sow. the dove dove into the bushes.The insurance was invalid for the invalid. 18.We must polish the Polish furniture 2.They were too close to the door to close it.A bass was painted on the head of the bass drum.The bandage was wound around the wound. 4. 5.The buck does funny things when the does are present. 21. 15. he thought it was time to present the present. 8. 13.I did not object to the object. 7. . 11.Since there is no time like the present.
(2) agree. (3) neither agree nor disagree. how long would it take them to speak the language very well? a) Less than one year b) 1-2 years c) 3-5 years d) 5-10 years e) You can’t learn a language in 1 hour a day.Women are better than men at learning a foreign language.People who are good at mathematics or sciences are not good at learning a foreign language.It is easier for children than adults to learn a foreign language. (5) strongly disagree.Everyone can learn to speak a foreign language.BELIEFS ABOUT LANGUAGE LEARNING INVENTORY Below are beliefs that some people have about learning foreign languages. 6. 1.If beginning students are permitted to make errors in English. 7. 11.Learning a foreign language is different from learning other academic subjects. 8.It is important to speak English with an excellent pronunciation 5.I want to learn to speak English well. There are no right or wrong answers. 2. 10.If someone spent one hour a day learning a language. it will be difficult for them to speak correctly later on. 9. (4) disagree.I believe that I will learn to speak English very well.English is: a) A very difficult language b) A difficult language c) A language of medium difficulty d) An easy language e) A very easy language 3. 4. Read each statement and then decide if you: (1) Strongly agree. We are simply interested in your opinion. .
encourages you. makes allowances. Accepts not knowing everything. has faith in you. makes you feel clever. likes teaching the subject. doesn’t give up on you. keeps confidence. is generous. admits to being wrong. tells you how you’re doing. stands up for you. takes time to explain things. is forgiving. tells the truth. allows you to have your say. listens to you.STUDENTS SAY A GREAT TEACHER…… is kind. cares about your opinion. likes teaching students. treats students equally. . helps you when you’re stuck.
Students must turn in homework on time.Students must take turns when speaking. lessons need to get off to a prompt start.There should be no interference with the work of others.CLASSROOM RULES In order to set up learning activities efficiently. To accomplish these goals. 11-Students must ask question when they don’t understand something. and not shout the answer. 3.There must be no disruptive noises.There should be no talking while the teacher is talking. The following are a few suggestions. students must be kept involved in the learning activities and transitions between activities must be handled smoothly.Students must come to class prepared (textbooks. to be modified according to your particular setting that can help in creating a learning environment where disciplinary problems are kept to a minimum. 4.Class work must be completed in a specified way. the classroom atmosphere must be one where mutual respect and cooperation exist between the teacher and the students.There should be specific.Students must raise their hands to answer questions. 1. 5. notebooks.Students must not challenge the authority of the teacher. 6. 7. Adapted from: Essential Teaching Skills Chris Kyriacou Stanley Thornes.Teacher and students should be on time. 10. 2. clear rules for entering. 12. 8. 9. Setting a set of expectations right from the start of the school year is the best way to create such an atmosphere. 13.Respect must be shown for property and equipment. leaving and moving in the classroom. pens). Publisher .
. Keep up the good work. That’s quite an improvement. That’s much. SUPER! That’s right! That’s good. You’re doing fine! Good thinking. SUPERB! Good remembering. Good going. FINE! Nice going. Keep working on it. You’re You did it this time! That’s the best ever. You’re learning a lot. That’s better. That’s the best you’ve ever done. much better! Exactly right. PERFECT! That’s better than ever. You’ve just about got it. Congratulations! Not bad. WONDERFUL! You must have been practicing. OUTSTANDING! FANTASTIC! TREMENDOUS! That’s how to handle that. That’s great Right on! You’re really improving You’re doing beautifully. Now you’ve the hang of it. Keep on trying. You’re really working hard today. You haven’t missed a thing! WOW! That’s the way. You’ve got down pat. GOOD WORK! I’m happy to see you working like that.99 WAYS TO SAY “VERY GOOD” You’re on the right track now! You’ve got it made. You did that very well. Now that’s what I call a fine job. I’m proud of the way you worked today. You’ve just mastered it. You’re doing a good job. You’re doing that much better today. That’s the way to do it. That was first class work. TERRIFIC! Nothing can stop you now. That’s coming along nicely. EXCELLENT! I’ve never seen anyone do it better. GREAT! I knew you could do it. You outdid yourself today! Good for you! That’s a good (girl/boy). SENSATIONAL! You’ve got your brain in gear today. THAT’S IT! Now you’ve figured it out. You’re really going to town. You’re very good at that. Much better. AWESOME! Nice going.
That’s it. You remembered! That’s really nice. You’re getting better every day. MARVELOUS! I think you got it now. (person’s name). You figured that out fast. Now you have it! You are learning fast. Aren’t you proud of yourself? One more time and you’ll have it. That kind of work makes me happy.improving. It’s such a pleasure to teach when you work like that! I think you’re doing the right thing. Way to go! Adapted from: www. I’m very proud of you. Good for you! Couldn’t have done it better myself. You got it right. I like that.com . Well. look at you go. You did a lot of work today. That’s the right way to do it. Keep it up! Congratulations. You certainly did well today. Good job.careerlab. You really make my job fun.
to the extent that the problems arise such as finding work boring or difficult. in which friendships are made. or if the activity is too easy or is felt to lack relevance. If the activities are presented in a manner that fails to elicit and sustain their interest. It may be because they are being bullied in school. EMOTIONAL DIFFICULTIES. Some students may simply not value doing well in school and. Students have a complex social life in schools. Aspects of these social relationships between students will often spill over into the lesson (e. and this is demanding. Most academic work requires sustained mental effort. or because they are neglected at home. either because it is too difficult or because they are unclear about the task demands.Causes of Students' Misbehavior BOREDOM. some may try to avoid doing the work by arriving late to lessons. Students may be unable to do the work assigned to them. Some students may have emotional problems that make it difficult for them to adjust to and cope with the demands of school life and the academic demands of the classroom. conflicts arises and interests are shared. students may resume a conversation started during the break period). INABILITY TO DO THE WORK. unpleasant. will switch off their effort. Moreover. LOW ACADEMIC SELF-ESTEEM. PROLONGUED MENTAL EFFORT. such students may become attention seekers. Everyone finds that sustaining mental effort for long periods is difficult and. Such students can become quite alienated from the academic expectations that form part of a positive classroom climate. Some students will lack confidence in themselves as learners and may experience frequent failure in the past that makes them reluctant to engage in academic tasks for fear of further failure (failure because you did not try is much less painful that failing if you did). at times. g. POOR ATTITUDE. In many cases. and actually enjoy the attention they provoke from you or their fellow students for misbehaving. or keeping . BEING SOCIABLE. or if the activity lasts for too long and fails to be stimulating. then students are likely to become bored.
Adapted from: Essential Teaching Skills. LACK OF NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES. it is likely to become more frequent. Publisher .a low profile while doing little. Some students may deliberately make a nuisance of themselves simply to cause excitement. Chris Kyriaco Stanley Thormes. If the student misbehavior is not picked up quickly and discouraged by the consequences that follow. Furthermore. your behavior should serve to dissuade students from misbehaving in this way again under similar circumstances. your actions that follow in consequences must be aimed at getting the student involved in the work again as quickly as possible. they may be apologetic or hostile. but still do little. Whenever a student misbehaves. When challenged.
It is an opportunity to really focus on their English as it might be difficult for them to do that outside of class. Give students a raffle ticket when they enter the class. it is common for students to speak their native language in class. Remind students of their purpose for being in the class. he/she has to wear the hat for the rest of the class period.ENCOURAGING ENGLISH IN CLASS When teaching English as a foreign language. If a student keeps his/her ticket for the entire class. Here are some ideas for getting your students to speak less in their native language and more in English in your classes. Call it the “hat of shame”. He/she can only get rid of the hat if another student speaks the native language and then THAT person has to wear the hat of shame. . If a student speaks his/her native language. This is a great way to get the students to police themselves instead of having the teacher police the entire class. another student can steal their ticket or the teacher can take it away. Assign a self-evaluation form in which students rate their English and native language usage during the class to make them aware of it. Publicly praise student groups when you notice them speaking completely in English. Tell the students that the doorway has magical powers-They can speak their native language “out there”. the student can compete for a prize that can be awarded at the end of the semester. Make or buy a ridiculous hat. but only English is allowed inside the classroom. If they speak their native language.
You try it. etc. Your handwriting is very neat. etc. I appreciate your considerate behavior.WORDS THAT ENCOURAGE Everybody makes mistakes. I could listen to you read. I feel so good inside when you work so nicely together. . I’m very proud to be your teacher. (name of student)___________________ is really getting down to work. it’s very hard. I know. I like the way you are listening. Hard work does get results. What a nice smile you have. Your kindness is so refreshing. Failure is no crime. all day. When you do nice things for each other. Good work. Thanks so very much. Mistakes do happen. draw. That is very nice work. That’s great. I’m glad that you decided to try. Nice going. Your help is really appreciated. You make that look really easy. Let’s show the entire class your story. Please. I understand how you must feel. Keep up your good work. Bravo! You got _______________________. work. I get a very good feeling inside. That was a very kind deed. read your ideas to everyone. You are the kind who can do it. That is really great. Your work is really improving. What a neat idea. It’s marvelous to see everyone so alert. You are improving. sign. I’m glad you’re interested in _____(subject_________________________. It’s so nice to know someone like you. Right on. You can do it.
I enjoyed my classes last year. I think English is useful. I expect to do well in my class this year. Choose “Yes” or “No” for each sentence. I liked my English teacher last year. I’m a good student of English. I think English is easy. I like trying to speak English.STUDENT’S SURVEY How I feel about learning English: Yes I want to learn English. Sometimes I use English outside the classroom. How I like to learn English: Yes In groups Seeing new words Listening to CDs Reading books Doing and making things Hearing words Acting (role plays/drama) Doing exercises Practicing pronunciation alone Doing projects Writing Speaking in pairs or groups Listening to the teacher Taking tests Watching videos and answering questions No Maybe No . I think learning English can be fun.
m) Present the melody phrase-by-phrase or line-by-line. from beginning to end. Use hand gestures to indicate relative pitches of the notes. following the sequence: chorus. children are more than enthusiastic to join in. h) Teach the rhythm. c) Speak. that the singer’s diction is clear and that the lyrics are engaging. b) Present the lyrics on newsprint. the lyrics. first verse. from beginning to end. and chorus. e) Present the chorus. don’t sing. j) Then. Here are a few suggestions on how to present your choice of song: a) Have the students listen to the song once. additional vocabulary and cultural information. i) Present the chorus and first verse separately. Use the songs as points of departure for teaching specific language structure. g) Summarize. Choosing the appropriate song to present in the classroom can be quite challenging as we need to make sure that the song is neither too fast nor too slow. . d) Clarify vocabulary and check for comprehension. k) Teach the melody. n) Sing the song. f) Present the first verse. l) Students listen to the song once more. While adult learners might be a bit shy about singing along. in combination while tapping or clapping out the rhythm.SING ME A SONG Including songs in your teaching repertoire can be a great technique to teach pronunciation and intonation in a fun way while at the same time improving listening skills.
4.Simplify the lyrics. 6. Ask for synonyms and antonyms. 7.Use visual aids to illustrate main points of the song. Their list is then compared to the actual lyrics. *Keep in mind that the lyrics for some songs are difficult to make out.Delete key words from the lyrics and have students fill in the gap while listening to the song a few times.Pull out song phrases and construct structural exercises.Start a class songbook. Adapted from: Teaching Teachers: A Supervisor’s Handbook. 8.Further clarify vocabulary items. 2.Change the subject or theme. consider presenting just a few verses at a time so as not to overload the students. 5.If a song is extremely long. 10-Students listen to the song a couple of times and write down any words they recognize. 1985 .Variations: 1.Ask for interpretation of the lyrics: What do they tell us about us about the culture? What is the message? Sung to whom? 3. 9. even for a native speaker.
THE ALPHABET SONG A B C D E F G H I J K L You’re adorable You’re beautiful You’re a cutie full of charm You’re a darling You’re exciting and You’re a feather in my arms You’re so good for me You’re heavenly You’re the one I idolize We are like Jack and Jill You’re so kissable You’re the love light of my eyes MNOP I could go on all day QRST Alphabetically speaking you’re OK U V You make my life complete Means you’re very sweet WXYZ It’s fun to wander through the alphabet with you to tell you what you mean to me! .
Numerous sources have been used in compiling this section and since authorship for many of them is disputed. I LOVE MY LOVE (to practice adjectives) Divide the class into two teams of equal size and explain that you will choose a letter from the alphabet – for instance. WARM-UPS. Each team member must think of an adjective beginning with the letter “S” to fit into the following line: I love my love with a(n) the letter because he (she) is so adjective. Given the fact that every school is different in terms of physical setup and resources and that we teach to multilevel classes composed of students with varying degrees of fluency. the letter ‘S”. presenting the student with a situation in which to use what has just been learned. If a team member uses an adjective that someone has already used (keep a tally on the board) or can’t think of one at all. then team B to give his and so on. I love my love with an S because he is so sweet. no effort has been made to assign credit to anyone in particular. Peace Corps and VSO volunteers along with their trainers have been an invaluable source of ideas and modifications to make these activities suitable for the EFL classroom. You call the first student from team A to give her rendition. he/she is eliminated from the game. While lectures. ENERGIZERS AND OTHER GAMES The only reason to learn another language is to be able to communicate ideas in the target language. No amount of listening.ICEBREAKERS. . In the end. the main idea is to provide the students with a chance to use the language while having some fun. drills. reading and writing can substitute for the immense benefit the students derive from the actual manipulation of the language that takes place when the learning is made interactive through a variety of games and activities. no effort has been made to group or classify these activities. is still the best way to reinforce newly acquired knowledge. listening to CDs and even watching videos have a place in the scheme of learning a language. It is up to each teacher to decide when and how to use the activity but suggestions are provided for reinforcing particular grammatical or functional concepts.
Players are not allowed to see their own label. but can view everyone else’s. FIRE DRILL Explain to the students that they are to pretend that a fire has suddenly broken out in the place they live.WHAT DO I DO? OR WHAT IS MY JOB Before class. you should set up two chairs close to each other in front of the class and label one chair “True” and the other “False”. friend. You should say the statement fairly rapidly and only once. which may or may not be true. categories) For this lively game. such as “Pronouns can substitute for nouns” or “The capital of Turkey is Sofia”. They have five minutes to grab five of their belongings and rescue them. Circulate around the room helping students with vocabulary if necessary. best played outdoors. PERSONALITY Ask the students to take a few minutes to think about someone who has been very important in their lives (a parent. As soon as the statement is made. a writer. The student must circulate around the room asking yes/no questions to find out what their job is. cultural knowledge. . then they must move on to another student. Which five things would they take? They must keep in mind that that they have to carry them all without any help. TRUE AND FALSE (to review parts of speech. select a list of questions from those provided on page _____ and ask the class for additional questions. a character in a book. with everyone facing the two chairs. They may ask up to three questions. Before the class. The person who sits squarely on the chair wins a point for his/her team. At the end. Then divide the class into two teams of equal size and have members of the team stand one behind the other on opposite sides of the room.) Have the students write a paragraph (8-10 sentences) that explains how that person helped them and why he/she was important. a member of teams A and B standing a the head of their respective lines should quickly decide if it’s true or false and run to the appropriate chair. Explain that you are going to make a statement. make as many labels as students in the class with a different job written on each label. Write them on the board for assistance during the game. etc. Place a label on each student’s back. students read their compositions aloud to the rest of the class. teacher.
WHAT. C. They are given back to the groups at random. They cut the paper into five parts and number them thus: who did 1 what 2 with whom 3 where 4 when 5 Students form a sentence that fits parts 1-5 such as: Pele danced with Madonna in Australia in 2001. Deliver a sheet of paper to each group. WITH WHOM. all the number 1’s are shuffled. WHEN (to practice the 5 Ws) The class is divided into groups. B. other students listen to see if they have the same words. 5X 5 is ideal but any other combination will work. WHO DID. WHERE. Encourage the other students to challenge the choice by asking questions such as: “Why wouldn’t you take……? or “What about ……? STOP At the top of a page each student writes the following category names: name place action animal object Vegetable/ total fruit Someone starts saying the alphabet: A. Have a student read his/her list. Ten points are assigned to words not repeated by anyone else. Empty categories get zero points.Each student writes down up to five things he/she would rescue from the fire. for example on the letter “k”. Continue with the game as time allows. then all the 2’s and so on. The group with the funniest sentence wins. . koala for animal and so on. Next. Students read out their lists and explain why they would take these things. all participants would try to find words that start with the letter “k” to fill the category chart such as Kathmandu for a place. If the stop takes place. A student nominated from each group reads the new sentences aloud to the class. etc. Players add their points at the end and the one with the highest score wins. Then someone interrupts the alphabetteller by shouting stop.
The questions and answers can be serious or downright silly. There is motorbike. You should plan your day in such a way that you’re both happy with it. but you have no other money. A DAY IN KATHMANDU(or city of your choice) The teacher divides the class into pairs. Example: Why did you come to school today? Because there were no eggs at the bazaar. Students report their plans to the class. One student read a questions and the other read whatever answer comes from his bag.. Any use is acceptable as long as it is physically feasible. a boy and a girl. or each may be different. then I would go to Thailand. Gather all the questions in one bag and the answers in another. It has a full tank of gas. If I could take vacation now. IF I COULD…………. Hand out pieces of paper to each student and have them write a question on one piece and its respective answer on a different slip. Decide what you would like to do. (to practice the conditional) Encourage your students to use their imagination and to think of things they would like to get or achieve in the future. The combinations can be quite hilarious. They then work out a timetable for the day. The groups are to come up with as many imaginative uses for it as they can think of. THEN I WOULD……….” The students question each other to find out what each wants to do and not do. Both of you arrive at the bus park at 9:00 AM and have to be back by 9:00 PM. Similarities and differences between individual suggestions are then highlighted. but objects should be rotated during the course of the session so that results can be compared. and explains the situation: “You have to plan how to spend a day in Kathmandu with your partner. Place them on your desk and ask a member of each group to come to the front of the class and choose a slip of paper from each bag. You will receive Rs.? BECAUSE…… (to practice asking and answering questions) Divide the class into two groups. which you can use. WHAT COULD YOU DO WITH IT? (to practice modals) The class is divided into groups and is supplied with an object. 400 each.WHY………. Some possible objects: . All groups may have the same object.
. the members of a team can help each other out. This game practices weights. article adjective verb pronoun noun adverb preposition With the help of the students.”and a blue dress. If any of the students forgets something or gets the sequence wrong. pronouns. The group with the longest/most original list of uses wins a small prize. MY GRANDMOTHER WENT TO THE MARKET AND SHE BOUGHT…….a pencil a hat a scarf a toothbrush an umbrella a knife a bottle a stone a cup a pair of tweezers a plate a box of matches a pillowcase a roll of toilet paper a ruler a lump of clay a paper clip a piece of string a nail a pair of gloves a key ring a piece of wood a shoebox a spoon a blanket Students write their suggestions on newsprint and display them around the room.. the use of “a” and “some”. Variation: Collect words from the students that would fit under the grammatical categories: articles. verbs and prepositions and write them on the board in columns.e. measures. nouns.” The next student continues by adding another item. etc. The game can be played individually or in teams.” The next student repeats that sentence and adds something new. …. Give one strip from each category to each student and have him or her construct a sentence that is grammatically correct. i. adjectives. he/she is out. The teacher or a student begins by saying: “My grandmother went to the market and she bought a kilo of tomatoes. he/she can exchange with other players until acceptable sentences can be made. copy the collection of words into strips of paper and mix according to each category. If a player lacks the necessary strip(s) of paper.
The team which answers the most questions in this way. TWENTY QUESTIONS (to practice yes/no questions) The teacher thinks of something and simply tells the learners whether it is “animal/vegetable/mineral or/abstract”. The first student asks a question. the other answers with another question and so on. The learners can then put 20 questions to the teacher to discover what he/she is thinking of. Put a number of questions to each team that must be answered without delay and without the use of either “yes” or “no”.DON’T SAY “YES” OR “NO” This can be team competition. Then each team takes turns questioning each other. Divide the class into two teams. It is a lot more challenging that it sounds. If a learner acts as a the teacher. If the student responding hesitates for too long. the learner replies using one of the phrases above. Toss a coin to decide who goes first. he/she is disqualified. professions. answers the question or cannot come up with another question. pets. you have an opportunity of helping the class by asking a few questions which narrow the range of possibilities. famous people and where they live. Have a member of each team come to the front of the class. wins. verbs. The teacher can limit the choices to everyday objects. QUESTIONS (to practice tag questions) This is an excellent game to practice asking questions. . the questions are put so that they can be answered by “yes” or “no”. Traditionally. phrases. If the learners discover what it is in fewer than 20 questions. Ask tag questions to be answered using the following phrases: of course I’m sure indeed I’m afraid so of course not I’ve no idea not quite I’m afraid not obviously I’ve no clue not at all not exactly perhaps certainly I don’t think so clearly The teacher asks tag questions. Explain to the class that the object of the game is to practice asking question using the correct format. QUESTIONS. QUESTIONS. A new pair then comes to the front and the game continues. they get a point.
This time. on the board. so every student can see them. Allow 10 minutes for this. At the end of the period. Each student then calls out one item from his list before the cover is lifted again. Variations: a) Make up a story using the names of the items. About five minutes are allowed for this. list the names of the items in no specific order.WHO AM I? The purpose of this game is to practice “yes” or “no” questions as well as to have students practice thinking in English. Students now pair up and compare their lists in order to come up with a new list. place a number next to each one. the students must pay attention to the size. Then. As the students hear the names of the objects. go over each item and if time allows. The group can ask yes/no questions to try and guess what it is. or bench. c) Put one of the objects in a paper sack. Ask the students if they can tell what is missing. A limit of 15 questions should be imposed. . include a description of the use of each item. One student is chosen and he/she must think of a famous person (someone known to the entire class) and the other students must attempt to discover who it is by asking “yes” or “no” questions such as: Is it a woman? Is he a politician? Did she live in this century? Did he live in this country? Is she an entertainer? Is the person alive? If the class has too much difficulty in finding the identity. The table is then covered and everyone jots down as many objects a she/he remembers. b) Show the objects a second time having removed a few items. Memory Game: Using similar items. clues can be given. Show the object to one of the students. The students study the objects for three minutes. shape and color of the objects before they are covered again. The objects are placed on a long table. they remove them from the table. KIM’S GAME (good for vocabulary review and also to practice units of measurements) The teacher gathers a collection of 15-20 disparate items (see list on page 415 for suggestions). Have the students match the name of the object on the blackboard to the number of the items on display.
on. There should be at least three sentences for each preposition. Add four rows as follows: name job country food animal R realtor Russia radish rhino a artist Argentina avocado antelope m mechanic Mongolia mango monkey Request students’ submissions to complete the table on the board. to. in. who have two minutes to choose the correct preposition to complete their sentences by standing by the appropriate student. of. The day before the guest comes in. Then prepare cards which bear incomplete sentences such as: a) b) c) d) e) I am afraid ____________ dogs. each bearing one of the following prepositions: at. Once completed. MYSTERY GUEST: Invite someone to your class. I agree ___________ you. Students are not allowed to use any of the words provided as examples.THE PREPOSITION GAME: Prepare ten cards. by. Students then draw a similar table according to the letters on their names. This is great opportunity to make use of the resources in your community by inviting native speakers that live nearby or are passing through. the teacher goes over the words as a way of reviewing vocabulary. NAME GAME: Write a table on the board with as many columns as there are letters in the name making sure none of the letters are repeated. Pin the ten preposition cards above onto ten students. for. We’re sad to hear __________ your illness. rehearse the following questions with your students with you posing as the guest: e) What is your name? f) What does your name mean? . I’m bad ___________ tennis. with. Distribute the cards containing incomplete sentences to the rest of the class. after. preferably someone the students haven’t met or seen before. Everyone should go ___________ their dream. and above.
Thank the guest for his/her appearance and then proceed to review the answers with the class. read out each paper one after another. All the papers are collected. Each question should only be asked once. or a student. (expressing opinions) Tell students that they’ll be asked to indicate what their opinion is in regard to people who: . Allow about twenty minutes for the interview. each student writes down three adjectives that he/she feels describe himself/herself. The student concerned should feel free to remain anonymous. With each set of adjectives the group speculates who wrote them. Variation: This activity can also be used to assess the atmosphere in the group at any particular time. The teacher. PEOPLE WHO…..g) Who were you named after? h) When is your birthday? i) What are your favorite things to do? j) What is your favorite season? k) What’s the funniest thing you have ever done? l) Have you ever won a contest? m) What kinds of sports do you like to participate in? n) Do you have any pets? o) Do you play any instruments? p) What countries have you visited? q) What is your favorite holiday and why? r) Who is one of your favorite people? Students can contribute other questions they might think would be important to know about the guest. Then each student is asked to write three adjectives that characterize his/her state of mind. THREE ADJECTIVES: On a piece of paper.
” The person asking the question must then act out the activity. Any adjective is acceptable except for colors. smoke on public buses 13. break promises 5. . as no repetitions should be allowed. drink and drive 4. WHAT AM I DOING? (To practice the present progressive) The students stand in a circle. like to climb mountains 9. make rude comments to women 11. interrupt when someone is speaking. eat too much 8. throw littler on the ground 2. smoke in restaurants 3. who save a lot of money 6. drive too fast 10. Continue around the circle (or down the rows) until everyone has had a chance to act out an activity. NAME CALLING: (practice adjectives. for example: “You are washing clothes. The student catching the ball says the next combination and throws to another student.1. The person on the left of the leader asks: “What am doing?” The person on the right describes an activity using the present progressive. The teacher starts the game by throwing the ball after having said his/her name and corresponding adjective. increases vocabulary The teacher brings a small ball into the classroom and asks each student to think for a minute of an adjective that begins with the same letter as his or her name. are cruel to animals 12. You might want to keep a tally of the adjectives on the blackboard. watch TV all day 7. Example: People who spit on public places should be fined.
they must act out their phrases. 1. synonyms. The same game can be played using the alphabet letters. “4”. the ball is placed back into the center of the field and play resumes. 2 CLAP (same skills as number 27) This game is more difficult than it sounds. This game can also be played with the letters of the alphabet. The teacher starts the game by saying “1”. The first student says. The students are in a circle or in their rows. Divide the class into two teams. If they get wrong. the fourth student says. the ball is moved towards their goal. After the students have figured out their codes. that side scores a point. the third student claps. numbers and the letters of the alphabet) The group is asked to close their eyes. This game is a lot more fun than it sounds. Make a model from “cardboard” and tape it to the center of the field. then anyone can say “2”. and spelling of troublesome words.SOCCER: Draw a soccer field on the blackboard. You can use phrases as well as verbs. “MBVHI” stands for laugh. If two people say the same number at the same time. Draw a goal at each end. Ask students questions such as the irregular forms of verbs. antonyms. For example. . COUNTING NUMBERS OR ABC’S (to practice listening skills. followed by anyone saying “3”. You can make a code by having every letter of the alphabet stand for the letter that comes after it. CANDY CODE: (to practice the alphabet) Buy some inexpensive hard candy. They are supposed to count from 1 to 30. If the students get the question correct. The teacher or a designated student would be the one to decide if that needs to happen. If it gets to the goal. Students may be asked questions individually or in groups. It is also a good strategy to review comprehension of stories. Wrap each in a piece of paper. the must start over with “1”. “1”. it is moved away from their goal. On each piece of paper write down some type of action code. Divide the field into scaled down 10 meters markings. the second student says “2”. the fifth student says “5” and the next student claps.
x. “Reading a book”. The book is under the table. past and present forms of verbs. or designated game leader. Vii. The class is divided into two groups. xv. One member of each group comes to the front of the class and stands behind the teacher. The book is in the bag. v. If the person at the front can guess the activity. synonyms. The book is above my head. They will follow your commands: i. CHARADES: (a good TPR activity) This is a simplified form of charades. antonyms. The book is inside the bag. The book is on the bench. xvii. The book is between my fingers. xi. Ask students to stand up and pick up a book. The book is outside the bag.. Have the students line up and race to the other side of the field to find their match. Their team is shown an activity on a flash card and their team must act it out. The book is beside me. The team must act it out and the person at the front must say: “Reading a book” in order for the team to get a point. ii. xiii. Viii. The book is next to me. The book is behind me. The book is below the table. The book is over the chair. Xii. ix. The book is in front of me.e. The book is in my hand. The book is between my hands. The book is on top of the bag. The book is over my head. etc. pictures and words. Give one set of cards to the students and scatter the other half at the other side of a field or spread out over a line. i. iii. Xvi. iv. their team earns a point. Xviii. PREPOSITIONS WITH TPR (TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE ): This is a wonderful warm up for elementary classes.MATCHING TAGS: (good review activity) Make two sets of cards that match in some way. Example: The flashcards indicates. vi. xiv. . The book is on my head.
This game could be restricted to a particular part of speech or certain categories. 1. Choose a long word and write it on both sides of the divided blackboard.Word Count: Divide the class into two teams. Word must be spelled out correctly. let’s say family relations. When the groups are done. The student with the most letters wins. Whoever writes first and raises his/her hand upon finishing wins.WORD GAMES: This is a special category of games intended to increase vocabulary. 6. etc. Divide the class into two teams and bring a representative of each to the front of the class. post all newsprints and review with the students. inexpensive fly swatters in the bazaar and bring them to class for this lively game. Have them select five words at random and write five new sentences using the words. A student from each team comes to the board and gets ready to write a word called out by the teacher or another student. rat. 5-Speed Spell: Divide the class into two teams.Newspaper Articles: Give students a newspaper clipping. Many Nepali students are familiar with this game. Ex. can swat it to get a point for his/her team. 2. Tell the students they are to find as many words as possible that are contained within that word. The group with the longest list wins a small prize. has been printed. Tell the students that you’ll read the definitions for the word on the board and the first one to recognize it. The students must come up with sufficient words that sound similar to the word given to fill up the newsprint.Swat It: Buy a pair of colorful. eat. 7. tiger. Read the definition loudly and clearly once and stay away from the board! .: Rice-mice-ice-twice. etc.: apple. Have them read the sentences aloud to the class.Word Run: Ask a student to come up with one word and then the next student picks up the last letter of that word and comes up with another word.Rhyming Game: Divide the class into groups and provide each with a piece of newsprint with only one word written on it in a corner. Select a category of vocabulary for review. 3. elicit quick responses and promote fast thinking. 4. The group with the longest list wins a small prize. for instance “Kathmandu”. and write the words all over the board. Quick thinking is valued here. Divide the board into two sections. Set up a time limit and at the end count all the letters but not the original one.Word Find: Divide the class into groups and hand each a piece of newsprint on which one long word. No foreign words or proper names are allowed. A member from each team is to write a word for each letter contained on the original word. Ex.
Categories: Students divide into teams. The toilet paper is such an attention getter. 12-Find the words within a word (by the number of letters): The teacher writes a long word on the board. such as “hotel”. more than three. Representatives from each group come up to board and write their words. . TIC TAC TOE: (to practice opposites. 13-Scales or degrees: The teacher writes an adjective on the board and asks students to give him/her the other words in the scale that would indicate an increase or decrease in the meaning of that adjective. 9. students write a list of words beginning with one letter. If the association is not obvious. in English. but using different color chalk for each team member to circle the correct word. Each student will then name the nationality and language for that country to get a point. service. write as many words as possible for a specified time limit. At the. The students.“That’s my Word”: The teacher selects a category or particular set of vocabulary for review and writes one word in a secret place. The one with the most wins. After everybody in the class has some paper. noncount nouns and adverbs of frequency) Draw a 3X3 grid on the board and fill each square with the words from the category you want your students to practice. let’s say 10 minutes. in pairs or groups. and then we have to tell that many things about themselves. Example: frigid / freezing / cold / cool / warm / hot / boiling / scalding TOILET PAPER ICEBREAKER: Teacher takes the toilet paper roll and takes several squares of toilet paper. etc. Representatives from each team take turns providing the required response and get a point for their team if it is correct. room. everyone counts the squares they have. In pairs or teams. Keep a tally on the side. Each student in turn comes up with a word associated with hotel: bed. Each tries to come up with as many words as possible in any one category. food. two letters. 10-Word Association: The teacher starts the game by a saying a word. we could create a grid filled with the names of specific countries.8. The teacher tells the student to take some. An X or an O goes over the grid if the answer is correct until all grids are full. three letters and so on. the students read their words and when one of them mentions the secret word the teacher shouts: “That’s my word” and awards point to that pair/team.Circle the Right Word: With the same structure as above. For instance: To practice the category of countries. then hands the roll of toilet paper to a student. the student is asked to explain it. 11. nationalities and languages. Divide the class into two teams and assign them the letters O and X.
Write down 15 occupation names on the board and the following instructions: 1. if the category is parts of the body. the teacher shows the letter “N”. List the top 10 most important jobs from 1-10. The final student is then asked to say the sentence aloud. Then they start a new round in a different direction. Divide the class into groups. famous dead people. The sentence is then passed along the circle by whispering. adjectives. Take a particular sentence and whisper it in the ear of the student A. Write the category on the board that you want to review (fruit. Usually this will differ greatly from the original sentence. The student to be the first one to say nose gets a point for his/her team. THE ALPHABET GAME: I recommend that you create a set of alphabet cards and get them laminated. and chants the sentence aloud. It’s important for them to talk about what they consider important first. . etc. The class then works out where it went wrong. List the top ten jobs that are the best paid from 1-10. Show the students one card at time. household goods. A student from each team tries to be the first one to shout the word under that category.). RANKING OCCUPATIONS: Brainstorm a list of occupations. Mix up the alphabet cards.Denmark Canada Israel Germany Brazil Ethiopia Spain South Africa Malaysia EAR-TO-EAR: (to practice listening skills) Students sit or stand in a circle. things in nature. Divide the class in half. animals. 2. write them on the board. celebrities. For instance. and define what they are.
3.Indicate which two occupations should get the most money in your group’s opinion and why. A discussion should follow to illustrate that the person who does the most important job does not necessarily get the most money. YOU GUESS THEIR ADJECTIVES: Ask students to think of an adjective that describes the way they feel at the moment. They should not say their adjectives aloud. When everyone has an adjective in mind, the class is to stand up. Explain the rules: You’ll call out some adjectives. If someone hears the adjective that they have applied to themselves, they should sit down. Start calling out adjectives, e. g.: happy, tired, sad, energetic, thirsty, full, sleepy, etc. Allow enough time between adjectives for people to think and, if appropriate, sit down. If at the end of your list there are students still standing up, they call out their adjectives and sit down. Family Relations: (To practice the names of family members) Write the names of different family members on individual flashcards. Give a card to each student. The game can be played individually or in teams. Tell the students you’re going to read the definition for each card and they need to listen carefully in order to match the card they have in their hands to the definition. Variation: Write the flashcards and post them on the blackboard using double-sided tape. Divide the class into two teams and tell them you’ll be reading the definitions for the different family members as a representative for each team stands in front of the board. The first one to recognize the relationship and grab it from the blackboard, wins a point for his/her team. SPELLING BEE: Divide the students into two teams. The teacher calls out a word, team members work together to reach an agreement on the correct spelling of the word, then show it to the teacher, who awards a point for each correct answer. The team with the most points at the end wins.
CAN YOU FIND WHAT'S DIFFERENT? Ask a volunteer to go out of the classroom. While the student is out of the room, the other students change their sweaters, shoes, coats and so on. Bring the student who went out of the classroom back inside. He/she has to guess the differences (speaking in English, of course.) BLACKBOARD RACE: Divide the board into two sections and write the names of animals with gapped letters, same list for both sides. Divide the class into teams and have a member of each team come to the board. Provide them with a piece of chalk and tell them that when you say “go”, they must fill in the missing letters in the first word and then hand the chalk to the second person on their team, who then fills in the missing letters of the next word, and so on until a team finishes first. Review the words for spelling mistakes and add up the points for each correctly spelled out word. Extra points could be awarded to the team finishing first. a) b) c) d) e) f) g s - - - e (snake) w - - f (wolf) - - l (elk) t - - - r (tiger) l - - p - - d (leopard) – r – c – d – l- (crocodile) – ebr – (zebra)
CONCENTRATION: (to review vocabulary The teacher makes a “window chart” using poster board or “drawing paper”. Cut 12 flaps on the front of two different colors of cardboard. Number the flaps from 1 to 12 on each piece of cardboard. Put a piece of newsprint behind the cardboard. Under one set of flaps put the names of objects, and under the other the words that describe those objects. Some possible matches are words and their definitions, antonyms and synonyms, etc. Divide the group into two teams. The sides take turns asking for the flaps to be opened, such as: “Give #1 pink and #5 yellow”. If they get a match, their team earns a point. Variation: With smaller groups you can the students match a card with its mate such as verbs and their past participle, words and their definitions and so on. Each person gets
to turn over two cards. If they get a match, they get to keep the cards. The person with the most cards at the end wins the game. BINGO: This is an excellent activity to review vocabulary from any of the lists included in this resource book such as fruit, vegetables, languages, relatives or musical instruments. After teaching the appropriate unit, ask the students to draw 16 squares for elementary or 25 for intermediate level on a piece of paper and tell them to fill each square with a word from the specific category, i. e., fruit. Allow ten minutes for everyone to fill in the squares. Now call out a word at random from your master list. Make sure to cross out this word off your list as you announce it. When a student hears a word that appears on his paper, he should cross it out. As soon as he has four words (or five) up, down, across or diagonally, he shouts: “Bingo”. Check to make sure the words crossed out are in your master list and spelled correctly. LIKES AND DISLIKES: (to practice expressing opinions) Ask the students to: List three things that you like and explain why. List three things you dislike and explain why. The teacher reads his/her lists first and then asks each student to read his/her list aloud. WHO IS THIS PERSON?: (to practice using adjectives) Obtain a collection of photos of individuals at close range with little or no distracting details in the background. Hand a photo to each student and have him/her create a portrait of the person in the photo. Details should include age, marital status, rich or poor, kind of job held, what the person seems to be thinking/feeling at the moment, place where he/she lives, family, hobbies, education, etc. CREATING A PICTURE FILE: Almost any presentation in the classroom can be enlivened by the use of pictures. Creating your own collection of pictures is a simple as keeping an eye open for interesting color photos appearing in the Kathmandu Post, Nepali Times or your Newsweek magazine. I have found that almost any publication
can contain colorful, intriguing pictures that can useful when trying to explain certain point of grammar or jog your students’ imagination. Here’s a list of suggestions for possible uses of your picture file: • • • • • • • • To illustrate action verbs. (present progressive, habitual present) To create stories based on the people and places on the photos. To introduce new vocabulary. To write a portrait. To have the students write short descriptions of what they see. To have the students write captions for the photos. To compare two photos using adjectives. To write predictions
WRITING ACTIVITY: Prepare a substitution table on the board with the following headings: A famous person a special occasion a place a particular topic
Explain to the students that they are going to write a short essay about an encounter with a famous person. Ask the students to come up with names for each column explaining that time and space are not a barrier for this exercise. As a result, students can propose famous people such as Einstein, going to Paris, celebrating Halloween and talking about astrophysics. Complete each column individually with as many submissions as there is room for. You might want to include a few of your own to make the mix more interesting. Now ask the students to pick a selection from each category and compose their essay based that information. SUBSTITUTION TABLE Substitution tables are great tools to drill students in the use of different structures. A substitution table can as simple as having students compose sentences with just three parts of speech. Here a sample substitution table to get beginning students to practice the verb “to be” in the simple present with a variety of subjects. Have students write as many combination sentences as possible utilizing all subjects and their corresponding adjectives.
Subject The house The old woman The books The tree The children The table The women
Verb is are
Adjective old blue green happy sad beautiful news
As the level of proficiency increases, it is possible to add additional columns to your table such as adverbs of manner (slowly/fast) or frequency (always/sometimes). Variation: Students can also practice asking questions in the correct format by providing them with a substitution table such as this one: Question word Auxiliary verb is are isn’t aren’t do does doesn’t did didn’t can’t don’t Subject God you the King foreigners she he we the girl people it everybody Predicate reading a book? wearing a dress? die? going to the market now? come to Nepal? watching TV? help me? go to the temple? like the winter season? happy? like to travel?
Ranking Personalities: Tell the students that you would like to know what traits/characteristics/ they like to see in the following categories of people: a boss, a friend, a teacher and a spouse (husband/wife). Discuss adjectives describing the characteristics, i. e.: charming, decisive, mature, independent, etc. Ask the students to add more traits to the list according to their own liking. Clarify the meaning of any adjective students are uncertain about. Divide the class into teams of four and assign a category to each. Ask each team to select the adjectives describing the personality traits they would like for each. At the end, each team reads their list aloud.
Blackboard Organizer:((This is a suggestion to keep you on track and to pace your lesson.) Select a portion of the blackboard (a quarter on the left side?) and write the date and the page number on the book that you’ll be working on. Underneath, write the topics and/or skills the students will be working on that day. Occasionally, glance at the board to make sure you’re following the order previously selected and to make sure you’re covering all the topics designated for that lesson. If when the bell rings the lesson is not finished, you can cross out what was done and remind students of what they need to study/read for the following day. It is a great way to finish the lesson as it gives you a chance to recapitulate what was accomplished and what needs to be done the following day. What is my job? (A more interactive way to teach occupations) Write the names of several occupations, some familiar and some unknown to the students, on flashcards. Write the definitions for the occupations on another set of flashcards. Distribute one set to team A and the other to team B. Team A read the definition of a job and team A must identify the name. The team with the most matches wins the round. Have you ever ….? (Excellent activity to get students to practice irregular verbs and to distinguish between the Present Perfect vs. the Simple Past) Provide students of a list of activities and have each choose 3-5 of them. The students then circulate among their classmates trying to find out if anyone has performed such an activity. When the student finds someone, he/she needs to determine when was the last time the action was performed. Ex. Have you ever gone river rafting? If the answer is yes, then ask …. When was the last time you went river rafting? Where did you go? Who did you go with? How much did you pay? Did you have to bring your own equipment? And so on. Students report their findings to the class.
What is this? Here is a way to teach the correct order of adjectives. Select as many small household items as there are students in your class. For some ideas, check the list of items included in the “Kim’s Game” page. I use an old-fashioned measuring tape and using the “Adjective Position” chart, I start by describing it as follows: It is an inexpensive, long, flat, red and white, plastic measuring tape. Best meal in the world: Students will write a short paragraph describing the best meal in the world they would have by listing the following details: Date: What are you celebrating? Who are you going to be with? The person can be dead or alive, famous or unknown. Place: Where is it taking place? City and country Season:
What kind of food? What What kind of music do type of restaurant? you want in the background? Other details?
Students should be told they have unlimited money for this meal and are free to travel anywhere in the world. What’s in a name? This game is suitable for the first or second day of classes to get students familiar with their classmates and teacher as he/she models the activity. Write the following questions on the board, answer them about your own name and then have students interview each other before presenting their partner to the rest of the class. 1. What’s your name? 2. Does your name have a special meaning? 3. Who chose your name? 4. Were you named after anybody else? 5. Do you have a nickname? 6. Do you have a diminutive? 7. Do you like your name? 8. If not, would you like to change it? 9. If so, what would you like to be called?
COMPOUND WORDS: A compound word is a new word made from two smaller words and the new word contains the meaning of both smaller parts. EX: bird+cage =birdcage room+ mate = roommate book +mark = bookmark
Using the list of compound words included in this booklet, make up individual cards with one half of each compound word. Distribute the cards to the students and have them make as many matches as they can. Write the matches on the board. Specific matches can be challenged and students can refer to the dictionary to confirm the validity of their matches. CATCH AND MATCH THE RIDDLE Divide the class into two groups: The QUESTION group and the ANSWER group. Give the questions to the first group and the answers to the other group. Each student in the first group is supposed to read the question he has aloud and whoever has the answer in the other group reads the answer aloud. If the question and the answer match, put the students in pairs. If they don't, continue till the right answer is found. Each student can read his part only twice. When all questions and answers are matched, ask the pairs to read the riddle they have just for fun. TALK SHOW: Select a different topic each week, and three students (called "guests", or "experts") are invited to the front of the class. The other students (the "audience") asks them questions. Thus it is more "interactive" than a debate, and it is also more realistic, since in everyday life answering questions is a more common experience that formal debating. NAME ALLITERATION: A FUN INTRODUCTORY GAME Use a small ball or stuffed animal to get this activity going. Students stand in a circle and are given one minute to think of an adjective that begins with the same letter as their first names. Thus, I start the game by introducing myself as “energetic Ercilia”, and toss the ball to another student to continue. To make it more challenging, the students must repeat all the names and adjectives in the same order.
GRAMMAR REVIEW, EXERCISES AND GAMES
NOUNS(names for a person. a thing or an idea) 2. we must know these two things about words: Each word has a name. 1.PREPOSITIONS (join words) 8.VERBALS(words based on verbs) Each word has a use or function also referred to as syntax.WHAT IS GRAMMAR? Grammar is a set of language rules that helps you talk and write so you make sense to others. adjectives and other adverbs) 7. SUBJECT COMPLEMENT 8. OBJECT COMPLEMENT 7.CONJUNCTIONS (join words) 9-INTERJECTIONS (independent words or phrases that express emotions) 10. a place.PREDICATE NOUN 9. These rules explain how to choose the form of words and how to join words into sentences. AUXILIARY VERB 5.e. the “class” to which each word belongs..(PARTS OF SPEECH) i.PRONOUNS (in place of nouns) 3-VERBS (expresses an action or state of being) 4-ADJECTIVES (modify nouns) 5-ARTICLES (modify nouns) 6-ADVERBS (modify verbs. The function determines how the word is used in a sentence. To understand the rules.DIRECT OBJECT 3.PREDICATE ADJECTIVE . For example: These eight words have little meaning by themselves: the an air into boy arrow the shot but arranged into a sentence like this: article noun verb article noun preposition article noun The boy shot an_ arrow into the air subject verb direct object adverbial phrase they do make sense. VERB 4. SUBJECT 2. 1.INDIRECT OBJECT 6.
PRONOUNS are used instead of nouns and the noun. places and things: Uma Kathmandu Annapurna C. places.PROPER nouns name specific persons. is called the ANTECEDENT.COLLECTIVE nouns suggest many of one thing: troop herd class D-ABSTRACT nouns suggest different ideas: fear honor evil 2. things. which the pronoun replaces. There are four kinds of nouns: A-COMMON nouns name general persons.PLUS: TYPES OF PHRASES TYPES OF CLAUSES TYPES OF SENTENCES 1. Kinds of pronouns: (a) Personal pronouns Subject Object Adjective Possessive (followed by a noun) my your his her its your their Possessive (not followed by a noun) mine yours his hers (not used) yours theirs Reflexive I you he she it you they me you him her it your them myself yourself himself herself itself yourselves themselves .NOUNS are words that refer to names of persons. places and things: boy city doll B. a quality or an activity.
nobody. whom.3VERBS are words that show action. feel. someone. John is president.Other kinds of pronouns: (b) Demonstrative pronouns: this. when. why. being or becoming. something. no one. what. none. There are three kinds of verbs: Verbs that show ACTION either visible (run) or invisible (think). these and those. or are helpers. Action verbs can be: (a) Intransitive that completes a sentence by themselves: Peter slept. that. INDIRECT OBJECT (c) Some verbs can be EITHER transitive or intransitive: Peter sang. somebody. The soup tastes good. (b) Transitive that needs a direct object to complete the sentence: Peter loves Mary. OBJECT DIRECT They elected Harry president. also called auxiliary or modals verbs: These verbs modify the main verb by showing a degree of emphasis. anybody. where and how. (INTRANSITIVE) Peter sang a solo. COMPLEMENT They sent Alice a gift. ought to would and should (obligation) can could (potential) would might (possibility) may (permission) must (mandatory) do (assertion) will shall (future) be (continuous action) . grow and forms of the verb TO BE are examples of this type of verbs. sound. and nothing. (TRANSITIVE) (d)Verbs that show a state of “being” are sometimes called linking or copulative verbs: appear. The flowers look nice. some. any. (d) Interrogative pronouns: who. (c) Indefinite pronouns: all. (e) Verbs that are helpers. which.
2. 3-Future beyond the present Lou will sing.Indicative (most commonly used) Lou sings slowly. have has present perfect tense had past perfect tense will have future perfect tense Here is an example of a VERB PHRASE (i. 5..Past definite completed action Lou sang. Modal tense modal main helper verb (g) All forms of a particular verb come from three principal parts: 1.Present Perfect indefinite completed past Lou has sung.Future Perfect future as if completed Lou will have sung.Present indicative to walk (regular)to choose (irregular) 2. e. 4.t to make past and past participle.f) Perfect tense helpers are used with a main verb to indicate completed actions. PRESENT = is singing FUTURE = will be singing PAST PERFECT = had been singing PAST = was singing PRESENT PERFECT = have/has been singing FUTURE PERFECT = will have been singing other “FUTURE”= is about to sing/ is going to sing (j) Each verb has three moods: 1. 2-Subjunctive (shows wish. -ed. or . main verb plus helpers) The boys should have been giving help.Past Perfect completed past Lou had sung. (h) Each verb has six tenses that show the time the action takes place: 1-Present repeated or habitual action Lou sings.Past walked chose 3-Past participle (have) walked (have) chosen “Regular” means that they add –d. command or condition)We insist Low sing slowly. (i) Also progressive forms = all the tenses of “to be” plus the main verb. . 6. 3-Imperative (shows command)Sing slowly.
etc. There are eight kinds of adjectives: PROPER formed from a proper name: French Hindu West DEMONSTRATIVE answers which: this that these those DESCRIPTIVE answers what kind: big small red ugly QUANTITATIVE answers how many: one. an.(k) Each verb has two voices: Active Jim broke the window. adjective change by degrees. the. (note that only transitive verbs can be reversed) 4-ADJECTIVES modify nouns by changing the image made by the noun itself. considerable AS A NOUN used as a subject: The meek should inherit. AS A PARTICIPLE (see verbals) climbing ivy. much. AS AN ADVERB used as an adverb of manner Drive slowly. In comparing the quality of nouns. but not to describe them: a. Passive The window was broken by Jim.ARTICLES are used before nouns to distinguish. two. some. QUALITATIVE answers how much little. Adjectives usually precede (come before) the noun. ADJECTIVE (one item) One syllable Two or more syllables Irregular adjectives big industrious good COMPARATIVE (two items) bigger more industrious better SUPERLATIVE (three items or more) the biggest most industrious best NOTE: Some adjectives compare either way: happy happier happiest (or)happy more happy most happy 5. few. To mean any: Use “a” before nouns beginning with consonants: a noise Use “an” before nouns beginning with vowels: an orange To mean a specific one use “the”: the house .
(where) (how) (when) (B) Modifying adjectives answer this question: To what extent does a thing have some quality? She is truly beautiful (C) Modifying adverbs answer this question: To what extent does an adverb express a quality? He worked most swiftly. up He fell down_ suddenly yesterday. never. 7. Adverbs modifying adjectives and adverbs go before the word modified: The earth is nearly flat. fast When? (at what time)? now.6. adjectives and other adverbs. then. All other adverbs go: Before the sentence Before the verb After the verb Softly. How do you compare an adverb to show intensity or emphasis of quality? One syllable adverbs add “–er ” in comparative degree and “-est” in the superlative degree. the baby cried.ADVERBS are words that modify verbs. Two or more syllable adverbs add “more” in the comparative degree and “most” in the superlative degree. Remember: Some words such as “hard” and “fast” can be either adjectives or adverbs. Adverbs of location go after the verb: The elevator went up. The baby cried softly. (A) Modifying verbs answer these questions: How? (by what manner)? quickly. . The baby softly cried. slowly.PREPOSITIONS are joining words that relate some word (object) to some other word: The boy with the hat remembers me. there. (D)WHERE DO ADVERBS GO IN A SENTENCE? It depends on the type. down. today Where? (at what location)? here.
).8-CONJUNCTIONS are also joining words that link parts of sentences.): accordingly then consequently furthermore thereafter whereas hence whereby however yet moreover also nevertheless otherwise . (2) Correlative conjunctions join like parts but come in pairs: Words: Phrases: Clauses: Not only Tom but his brother Both in the pantry and in the kitchen. but. or) that join like parts: Words: Tom and Mary Phrases: In the sink or under the table Clauses: John shut the door but he left it unlocked. There are four kinds of conjunctions: (1)Coordinating conjunctions (and. Whether we go or we stay Either we go or we stay Neither Tom nor Alice is here. followed by a comma (. (3) Subordinate conjunctions are used to introduce adverbial clauses and link them to the main clause: TIME PLACE after when before whenever till while as until as for EXCEPTION although though if CAUSE where wherever RESULT because so since so that CONDITION as long as as though unless PURPOSE in order that so that provided COMPARISON as if than (4) Conjunctive adverbs are used to join main clauses and are preceded by a semicolon (.
Ouch! That hurt. ADVERBS: I attend school to learn. ADJECTIVES: This is the way to cheer. Oh! Ah! Oh good! Damn! What on earth? My God! Oh dear! What? Stop it! Ouch! Great! Well? Sorry! No! Yes! Yes? Hello! Hello? (Sigh) Welcome! Thank you! No. After crying. .9-INTERJECTIONS are single words which express surprise or some other emotion. (2)Gerunds add “-ing” to the infinitive form and are used as a noun. thank you! Rubbish! Garbage! Thank goodness! Knock on wood! Good luck! Congratulations! Cheers! Bad luck! Goodbye! 10-VERBALS are words made from verbs. Seeing is believing. There are four verbals: (1) Infinitives are the basic form in which the verbs are expressed with the word to preceding the verb. SUBJECT: OBJECT: OBJECT OF PREPOSITION: PREDICATE NOUN: Thinking produces results. he felt better. Hurrah! We won. are not related to any other part of the sentence. There are four kinds of infinitives: (a) Active infinitive to eat (b) Active perfect to have eaten(c) Passive present to be eaten (d) Passive perfect to have been eaten Infinitives are as used as: NOUNS: To live was my goal. I detest smoking. PREDICATE NOUN: My desire is to study.
11. exhausted by the ordeal. (4) Nominative Absolutes are similar to participles. I buy bonds to support my country. lay exhausted. its object and all modifiers. .PHRASES are combinations of parts of speech that are not sentences. plus modifiers used as: SUBJECT: OBJECT: ADJECTIVE: ADVERB: PREDICATE NOUN: To love humanity without reservation is my goal. It serves as an adverb. Pushing weeds aside with his oars. the men lit the fire. crushed and defeated. but unrelated to any word in the sentence. plus object (if any). having been elected. The army. I love to dance the “Bossa Nova. There are four kinds: (a) A prepositional phrase is made up of preposition. My plan is to buy property now.3. It serves as an adjective modifying the noun but coming after the noun: The girl with brown hair is Irish. he soon came to the road. The wind having now shifted. occurring in any part of the sentence: She drew the picture with great skill.” I need an instrument to open cans. plus object (if any) plus modifiers and is always used as an adjective. Tom finally made it to shore.Participles are forms of verbs used as adjectives relating to a noun or a pronoun. Tom was proud. There are four kinds of participles: (a) Present smoking (b) Past smoked (c) Perfect having smoked (d) Passive perfect having been smoked Note location in use: Running. (c)Participial phrase is made up of a participle. (b) An infinitive phrase is made up of an infinitive.
CLAUSES are combinations of parts of speech resembling sentences (because they contain verbs) but are not sentences because they cannot stand alone. That is what I meant. (3) Adverbial clauses are introduced by any subordinate conjunction and are used in the same manner as adverbs. (2) Adjective or relative clauses introduced by “who”. “that”. plus an object (if any). I know what I have to do. My idea of fun is shooting cans with a rifle. 1970 . This is an excellent idea for painting high ceilings. There are three kinds: (1) Noun clauses are clauses used where nouns would be. plus modifiers and is used as: SUBJECT: OBJECT: OBJECT OF PREPOSITION: PREDICATE NOUNS: Smoking cigarettes at any age is unhealthy. 12.(d) A gerund phrase is made up of a gerund. gerund. “whose”. who is my brother. predicate nouns or pronouns. “which”. George Smith. The boy confessed the truth because he was honest. Adapted from: A Scriptographic Booklet. The boy who spoke to me revealed his name. SUBJECT: OBJECT: OBJECT OF PREPOSITION: PREDICATE NOUN: That I am older bother me. goes to high school. They are located after the word modified such as nouns. I know of what I speak. “whom” and “where” or “when” are used in the same manner as adjectives. He dislikes speaking French.
it. him. us and them what someone thinks is true a way of organizing details organizes information into main ideas a group of sentences that tell about one main idea tells how one thing is like another . thing or idea noun or pronoun followed by a preposition me. her. you. a place. animal or creature in a story general name of a person. an adjective or another adverb a short story about someone words that have the opposite meaning shows where a letter or letters are missing the simplest form of a word a person. place or thing all of the words telling what the subject does all of the words naming someone or something a word formed from two or more words two or more verbs that have the same subject two or more simple sentences joined by a conjunction two or more simple subjects with the same predicate a word that joins other words helps a reader find the meaning of an unknown word a shortened form of two words makes a statement and ends with a period receives the action of the verb reference book(s) stretching of the truth expresses a strong feeling true information that can be checked shows an action that will happen in the future a Japanese verse form works with the main verb to add emphasis words spelled the same but with a different meaning words that sound alike but have different spelling and meaning gives command or makes requests expresses strong feelings or emotions does not form the past or past participle by adding -ed connects the subject and the predicate most important word in the predicate compares two things by saying one thing is the other names a person.A WORLD OF LANGUAGE: A GLOSSARY OF TERMS Abbreviation Action verb Adjective Adverb Anecdote Antonyms Apostrophe Base word Character Common noun Complete predicate Complete subject Compound word Compound predicate Compound sentence Compound subject Conjunction Context clue Contraction Declarative sentence Direct object Encyclopedia Exaggeration Exclamatory sentence Fact Future tense Haiku Helping verb Homograph Homophones Imperative sentence Interjection Irregular verb Linking verb Main verb Metaphor Noun Object of the preposition Object pronoun Opinion Order of importance Outline Paragraph Paragraph of comparison the shortened form of a word a word that shows action a word that describes a noun or pronoun describes a verb.
he. it. we and they word part added at the end of a word develops the main idea in a paragraph words with a similar meaning shows time of the action gives synonyms or related words the main idea in a paragraph word that shows action or state of being stage in which writers put their ideas on paper Adapted from: www. place or thing the stage when writers share their writing with others show the exact words of a speaker the repeating of a word or a phrase words that are not necessary to understand the meaning the stage when writers make changes two or more sentences not separated by punctuation or a connecting word to read a text superficially while looking for specific information a group of words that expresses a complete thought time and place of a story uses the words "like" and "as" to compare two things main word or words in the complete predicate the main word in the subject part of a sentence names one person.quia.Paragraph of contrast Part of speech Past tense Persuasive paragraph Plot Plural noun Possessive noun Predicate adjective Prefix Preposition Present tense Prewriting Proofreading Proper noun Publishing Quotation marks Repetition Redundancy Revising Run-on-sentence Scanning Sentence Setting Simile Simple predicate Simple subject Singular noun Skimming Subject pronoun Suffix Supporting sentence Synonyms Tense Thesaurus Topic sentence Verb Writing tells how one thing is different from another tells how a word is used in a sentence shows action that already happened gives a writer's opinion and reasons of support series of event in a story in the order in which they happen more than one person. place or thing shows ownership follows a linking verb and describes the subject word part added at the beginning of a word relates the noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence action that happens now a stage in which students gather ideas before writing when a writer looks for mistakes names a particular person. you. place. thing or idea to read a text quickly just to get an idea of its general content I. she.com .
The mayor is highly capable. She is either from Chicago or New York. Jim bought a new car. an adjective or another adverb. Jillian is eating a piece of cake. The secretary types quickly. Sandra likes to eat sandwiches for lunch. but I didn’t. Conjunction A word that connects words. The definite article is the. Object A word that comes after a transitive verb or a preposition. Adverb A word that describes a verb. I’m hungry. Love is a very strong emotion. My mother baked a cake for my birthday. The skirt and blouse are yellow. Mr. Jane went to the movies. Noun A noun is a word that names a person. phrases. subject predicate .PARTS OF SPEECH Adjective A word that describes a noun or a state of being. Article Articles are placed in front of singular nouns. Johnson walked to the park. or clauses. place. I left my jacket in the house. Sue is a very smart girl. The teacher gave an assignment to the students. Predicate The part of the sentence that shows what the subject does. thing or idea. The indefinite articles are a and an.
She is walking to school now. . My science teacher gave us a homework assignment. She will go to school next month. She is going to walk to school. She walked to school yesterday. comma (. The book is on the table. The milk is in the refrigerator.). under. from. time and direction. behind. question mark (?) and the exclamation point (!).). with. Some common prepositions are around. at. Subject The subject of a sentence tells who or what the sentence is about. Simple past: Past progressive: Future: She walks to school every day. Tense show when the action happened. between. over. She was walking to school when she saw her friend. Tense A verb has tense.My neighbor’s dog buried a bone in the yard. in. to. subject predicate Preposition A word that can show location. Simple present : Present progressive. on. near. Punctuation Punctuation marks include the period (. It was difficult.
you will use words correctly.Funny Grammar Rules 1. 3. 9 Don’t repeat yourself. Its important to use apostrophe's right. Don't use no double negatives. Don't use commas. 19. 24. Hopefully. or say again what you have said before. 22. begin with a capital and end with a period 18. radically groovy. About sentence fragments. out-of-date slang. Don't use abbrev. Only Proper Nouns should be capitalized. Avoid clichés like the plague. In letters compositions reports and things like that we use commas to keep a string of items apart. And don't start a sentence with a conjunction. 2. Never use a preposition to end a sentence with. 12. Proofread carefully to see if you any words out. 13. 16. Verbs has to agree with their subjects. Excessive use of exclamation points can be disastrous!!!!!!!!! 5. 27. . Don’t use question marks inappropriately? 4. A writer mustn't shift your point of view. 10. 25. also a sentence should. 7. Just between you and I. Note: People just can't stomach too much use of the colon. Never use that totally cool. 20. It's better not to unnecessarily split an infinitive. case is important. Be more or less specific. 23. 21. that aren't necessary. 11. 14. Don't write a run-on sentence you've got to punctuate it. 26. 17. 8. Placing a comma between subject and predicate. is not correct. Each pronoun agrees with their antecedent. 15. irregardless of how others use them. 6. Profanity sucks.
Color: red. interesting. black. Asian. 2) Adjectives can be used after a linking verb: The soldier is old. Material: woolen. That’s an expensive car. etc. big. They’re intelligent students. Shape: round. etc. Purpose or Qualifier: foldout sofa. fast. metallic. The car looks expensive. Age: young. purple. Adjective Order: The adjectives in the table below follow this order: Opinion or Observation: beautiful. green. ugly. etc. historic. easy. Size: small. American. rectangular. The Students seem intelligent. ADJECTIVE ORDER CHART Opinion pretty tiny long medium little strong tasty noisy 4-yearold young square blue American Italian white Siamese Size Age antique round yellow blonde checker cardboard doll Shape Color Nationality Material Purpose Noun German gold racing car mirror flowers hair board house food cat expensive small baseball player . huge. fishing boat.ADJECTIVE POSITION 1) Adjectives can be used before a noun: He’s an old soldier. Nationality: French. etc. tall. etc. old. enormous. etc. racing car. plastic. short. new. etc. glass. etc. ancient. square. boring. tiny.
2. The team was proud of its strong young American baseball player. 4. . 10. We went out for some tasty Italian food. The woman found a pretty antique gold mirror at the flea market. 6. She had long blonde hair. 3. My neighbors have a noisy 4-year-old Siamese cat. The girl played with a little blue cardboard doll house. They drove an expensive small German car. 5.Some examples: 1. The hat had some tiny round yellow flowers. My sister just bought a Victorian-era three-story house. 7. 8. They played on a medium square checker board. 9.
drop the y and add -ier to two-syllable put not as before the adjective adjectives that end in y: happy happier crazy crazier lovely lovelier not as happy as not as crazy as not as lovely as 5.add -er to the following two-syllable put not as before the adjective adjectives: able abler cruel crueler narrow narrower Not as able as Not as cruel as Not as narrow as .double the last consonant. then add put not as before the adjective -er to one-syllable adjectives that end in a consonant +vowel l+ consonant: big bigger thin thinner fat fatter not as big as not as thin as not as fat as 4.add -r to one-syllable adjectives that end in -e: nice nicer close closer fine finer To weaken an adjective: put not as before the adjective Not as cheap as Not as clean as Not as near as put not as before the adjective Not as nice as not as close as not as fine as 3. To strengthen an adjective: 1.COMPARING DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES Adjectives change to show differences in nouns.add -er to a one-syllable adjective: cheap cheaper clean cleaner near nearer 2.
6-place the word more before other use not as or less before the adjectives two or more syllable adjectives. capable more capable careful more careful common more common not as capable as/less capable not as careful as/less careful not as common as/less common 7-Use the irregular form for the following adjectives: bad worse far farther (in distance) far further (in depth) not as bad as not as far as not as far as good better little less many more not as good as not as much as not as many as .
quiet. Forms: earlier. cruel. One-syllable adverbs Irregular adverbs well badly better worse the best the worst *Exception: early is both and adjective and an adverb.COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS COMPARATIVE One-syllable adjective Two-syllable adjectives old older wise wiser famous More famous wise wiser Busy busier pretty prettier the oldest the wisest The most famous the wisest the busiest the prettiest SUPERLATIVE For most one-syllable adjectives. more and most are used with long adjectives. clever. narrow. Good and bad have irregular comparative and superlative clever Cleverer More clever gentle gentler more gentle friendly friendlier more friendly Adjectives with three or more syllables Irregular adjectives -Ly adverbs the cleverest The most clever The gentlest the most gentle the friendliest the most friendly important more important the most important fascinating more fascinating the most fascinating Good better bad worse the best the worst Carefully more carefully the most carefully More and most are used with adverbs that end in -ly. pleasant. earliest. angry. -er/ -est are used with two-syllable adjectives that end in -y. -er and -est are added. .* fast faster the fastest The -er and -est forms are used with onesyllable adverbs. sour. friendly. The -y is changed to -i. Some two-syllable adjectives use -er/-est or more/most: able. ** Both further and farther are used to compare distances. polite. simple. common. more and most are used. for most two-syllable adjectives.
00. My shoes are ___________________ of all. d. Jimmy is ________________ Billy. b.The weather is much (hot) ________ than last month’s. 4-Your teacher is (patient) ___________ than mine. Your shoes cost $30.That movie is (bad) _________than the one we saw last week. a.00. My shoes are __________________ yours. Bob’s shoes are _________________ yours. gradually) __________________. John is __________________ Jimmy. Jane’s shoes cost $60. f. Billy weighs fifty-five pounds. c. Write in the correct form of the adjective light or heavy: Bob weighs fifty pounds. e. 2-Those are (nice) ___________ houses in the neighborhood.You have an (easy) ______________ assignment than I. Jimmy weighs fifty-five pounds and John weighs sixty pounds. Jane’s shoes are _________________ ours. ghijkBobby is ________________ Jimmy. . Bobby is _________________ of all. Jane’s shoes are _________________ of all.This hat is (elegant) _____________ of all. 9-The weather is getting (warm. Provide the correct form of the adjective cheap or expensive: My shoes cost $20 dollars. 10. Your shoes are _________________ mine.She is a (good) _________ player than her sister. 7-Her dishes are (same) __________ mine 8-Her furniture is (different) _________ mine. 5. 6.00. John is __________________ of all.COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE QUIZ Provide the correct adjective form in each sentence 1. 3. Bob’s shoes cost $30.
sound feel. places and things. appear. and lovely because they are always used with the verb to be. seem. Miriam seemed more (uncomfortable/uncomfortably) than relaxed. early. . Exercises: Circle the correct choice. She knew the meeting was (important/importantly) and didn’t want to be late. The city (quick/quickly) rebuilt it stone by stone.ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS/LINKING VERBS Adjectives are used to describe: people. think. Adjectives are used with linking verbs (descriptive. friendly. I have been very (patient/patiently) up to this point. The skies became surprisingly (dark/darkly) in just a few minutes. Sophie speaks Thai (fluent/fluently) and knows the culture very (good/well). smell. own. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Jack spoke (confident/confidently) to the audience. look. This airline’s (complete/completely) lack of organization is outstanding. Melanie (quick/quickly) ate her lunch. Nicole grew (tired/tiredly) from the hours of overtime at work. doubt. Although Beth speaks (soft/softly) and seems quite (timid/timidly). mean. silly. She became (quiet/quietly) and withdrawn from her family. don’t underestimate her. Very few people make it into the (prestigious/prestigiously) medical school. The entrance examination is (extreme/extremely) challenging. The people in the streets stood (silent/silently) waiting for the sun to return. hear. The medieval cathedral was (tragic/tragically) burnt down last year. taste. believe. The young girl sings (amazing/amazingly) well for someone her age. He knew he had (good/well) chance of winning the election. hard. know. We (gradual/gradually) noticed the change in Diane. humid weather made it difficult to enjoy the tropical beach. The (hot/hotly). resemble. not action related): be. fast. late. Adverbs are used to describe: a verb (the action) other adjectives other adverbs Some adjectives do not change when used as adverbs: lonely. understand.
2. 15-The speaker was (distracting/distracted) by the protest outside the hall. She finds heights terrifying. 7.Have you heard the latest news? It’s really (exciting/excited).The children found the circus (exciting/excited).DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN ADJECTIVES ENDING IN –ED VERSUS –ING The past participle (-ed) and the continuous participle (-ing) can be used as adjectives. 4. Let’s do something. 13-Rose was (moving/moved) by the woman’s generosity. 1. 3. 10. 6-I was (embarrassed/embarrassing) by his attitude.I don’t understand these directions.Don’t bother to read the book. 5. Mariela is bored by her classes.Mrs. The continuous participle –ing describes the cause of the feeling and has an active meaning: Indian art is interesting. 14. She is terrified of heights.Marine biology is an (interesting/interested) subject. The following is a partial list of adjectives that end in –ed and –ing participles.Insects fascinate me. Santiago was (depressing/depressed) by his surroundings.I feel (boring/bored). I think that they are (fascinating/fascinated). It’s (boring/bored). amazing / amazed annoying/annoyed charming / charmed confusing / confused Distracting / distracted embarrassing/ embarrassed encouraging / encouraged exasperating / exasperated frightening / frightened frustrating / frustrated fulfilling / fulfilled infuriating / infuriated intriguing / intrigued irritating / irritated motivating / motivated pleasing / pleased relaxing / relaxing satisfying / satisfied shocking / shocked tiring / tired touching / touched depressing / depressed exhausting / exhausted Disappointing /disappointing disgusting / disgusted exhilarating / exhilarated fascinating / fascinated liberating / liberated Select the appropriate adjective between those located within the parenthesis. 12. The past participle –ed describes how a person feels and has a passive meaning: I’m interested in art. 9.The announcement was quite a (surprising/surprised) turn of events.I read a (shocking/shocked) report on torture.It was an (embarrassing/embarrassed) situation for everyone involved. Mariela’s classes are boring. .I heard some (interesting/interested) news on the radio. I’m very (confusing/confused). 11. 8.
He is the most handsome of all.SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES A superlative adjective distinguishes one noun from three or more. That is the funniest movie I have ever seen. It is the funniest of all. Fred is the most handsome actor in the play. He is the tallest of all. use the following patterns: He is the tallest of the three boys. . To make an adjective superlative: 1 Place the before the adjective. and add -st instead of -r: the slowest the nicest the funniest 1 add the most instead of more before the adjective: the most important the most wonderful the most expensive 1 use the irregular form for the following adjectives: good bad far farther many little the best the worst the farthest (in distance) furthest (in depth) the most the least To make a superlative negative. place the least before the adjective: the least funny the least polite the least important To express superlatives.
Clinton’s house.The redwood is __________________________ tree I’ve ever seen. . (tall) (++) 14.My jacket is ______________________________________ yours.This string is _____________________________ twine. (cold) (-) 15. (intelligent)(=) 3. (bad) (+) 6.It is really bad to go to the movies with your younger brother. (=) equal degree of comparison. (smart) (-) 13.My house looks___________________________________ Mrs. .Your project is ____________________________ as mine.Some animals are ____________________________________ than others. (clean) (+) 4. (meaningful) (-) 9. (dangerous) (+) 10. She is ______________________________ painter in town.Joseph is ________________________________________ Ana. . (creative) (++) 5. (--) and (++) superlative cases. Please. .It looks like Jack is ____________________________ to receive an award.We really like to buy Valerie’s paintings. . .Winters in California aren’t ______________ those in New Jersey. (fast) (+) 11. .Jan’s notebook is ___________________________ mine. but it is even ____________________________ to go with your parents. (expensive) (-) 2. 1. Pay special attention to the symbols: (+) and (-) comparative cases.Lectures are _________________________________ hands-on experiments. (qualified)(--) 7. (thick) (+) 12.A chicken isn’t ___________________________ a pig. (strong) (=) . notice that more than one word may be needed. (good) (=) 8. . .COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE QUIZ DIRECTIONS: Supply the appropriate forms of comparisons for the adjectives in parenthesis. A horse runs________________________________ a mule.
Correct: I hear a bird (right now). They can be subdivided into five basic groups: LINKING adore appreciate care desire detest dislike envy hate like love mind miss prefer want wish SENSES appear hear* look perceive resemble see* seem smell* sound taste* POSSESSION belong have* lack own possess MENTAL PROCESSES believe doubt fear feel* forgive forget guess imagine intend know realize recall recognize regard remember* suppose think* understand STATE OF BEING astonish be contain concern cost depend entail equal exist fit* matter measure* mean need owe tend weigh* *Sometimes these verbs are used in the progressive tenses: Compare: I think that grammar is easy. When think expresses thoughts that going through a person’s mind. In certain idiomatic expressions. it is not use in the present progressive. Joe doesn’t see well without his glasses.NONPROGRESSIVE. I’m having a good time. c) This book belongs to Mikhail. but I don’t agree with you. thus expressing a stable state. it can be used in the present progressive. NON-CONTINUOUS OR STATIVE VERBS a) I hear a bird. I want a sandwich. When see is used to indicate involuntary use of the eyes or understanding. Some verbs are not used in progressive b) I’m hungry. Stative verbs deal with states of mind rather than actions. When have expresses possession. I am thinking about grammar right now. it is not used in the present progressive. tenses. It is singing. . Did you know that Boris is seeing Natasha? When see is used to indicate involvement. it is non-progressive. Incorrect: I’m hearing a bird (right now). Tom has a car. When think means believe. have can be used in the present progressive. it can be progressive. I see what you mean.
4. Andrew gets/is getting nervous whenever he takes a test. 3 He worries that the teacher looks/is looking at him.STATIVE or LINKING VERBS: An Exercise • • • • • Stative verbs refer to states of being: Are conditions or situations that exist. Stative verbs don’t use the progressive form. 2. Note: Some verbs may have stative and active forms. but with different meanings. Are followed by adjectives. The verbs below reflect a “state of being” and cannot be progressive: Look/seem/appear/resemble/become/act/get Hear /see/sound/taste/feel/know/believe/think Recognize/remember/want/need/love/ Hate/appreciate/like/have/belong/possess Surprise/impress/astonish/amaze Measure/weigh/reach/cost Select the appropriate form of the verb to indicate a stative or progressive meaning. 1. His head feels light and his hands become/are becoming sweaty. Other people can see that Andrew appears/is appearing upset because he . Cannot be progressive. Do not involve actions.
Some people hate/are hating having to exercise.This afternoon. 10. I said.is acting/acts jumpy. The Monster. 7.The officer asked: “Are you OK? “No”.” 17.Americans are believing/believe that if they cut down on calories. Every time he thinks of his mother’s cooking. He appears/is appearing in a movie called “Il Monstro”.The street person asked: Do/are you have/ having any spare change?” 19. 5. 8. 20. He seems/is seeming to have a natural gift for comedy.They need/are needing encouragement to complete their goal successfully.They are feeling/feel tired after a long day of work and don’t want/aren’t wanting to exercise. “I think I’m having/have a baby!” . 9. he is feeling/feels homesick. 14.“When do we have/are we having our next quiz? I asked. Alberto Benigni is a very funny Italian actor. This milk isn’t tasting/doesn’t taste fresh. they’ll lose weight. “What is that sound?” “I don’t know. 16.My sister told the caller: “Please call back later.The policeman asked: “Do you have/are having a valid Florida driver’s license? 18. 13.“How is your cold today?” “You sound/are sounding a lot better today. 11. 6. 12. I am seeing/see the doctor about my skin problem. We have/are having dinner. 15. I am not hearing/don’t hear anything.
when speaking about something that is not specific. An elephant ride is exciting. the Himalayas. The third chapter was the most interesting. A is used in front of nouns that begin with a consonant sound (a book. Before a noun made definite by the addition of a phrase or clause. an idea). Rita is in the kitchen. I need a pencil. please. the guitar. . third. (Meaning all elephants) 7. rivers and the plural names of countries. a pencil). chains of mountains. The story was very good.Before an adjective used to represent a class of persons. A dog makes a good pet. etc. the U. The man in the black suit The room where I saw her. the afternoon. a dog. 2. (Meaning all horses) The elephant never forgets.S.GUIDELINES FOR USING ARTICLES USING THE INDEFINITE ARTICLES A/AN: A speaker uses a/an with a singular noun when she/he is making a generalization. Pass the book.An is used in front of nouns that begin with a vowel sound (an apple. USING THE DEFINITE ARTICLE THE: A speaker uses the when the speaker and the listener are thinking about the same specific thing(s) or person(s). An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Mary is in the kitchen. Before nouns of which there is only one: the moon. the Bagmati River. I saw a dog in my yard. an elephant. 5. the earth. 4. The sun is shining brightly.Before parts of the day: The morning. Please close the door. 9. The luncheon given in honor of the Prime Minister.Before superlatives and first. 6. Before musical instruments: the flute. 11. That’s an excellent idea. Before nouns used a second time: Rita told us a story. 3.A. The wedding at the Blue Star hotel. the evening. the piano.Before singular nouns used to represent a class: The horse is strong. The old and the young should be able to live together. Before a special meal given to celebrate something or in someone’s honor. etc. The Pacific Ocean. 10.Before names of seas. etc. Before a noun which represent only one thing. the British Isles. groups of islands. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. The definite article is also used: 1. 8. second.
I like ____________ sugar in my tea. 1.USING DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE” The definite article is used for specific references. The Amazon is a river in South America. 8. Use the definite article the when the speaker and the listener know which person or thing they are talking about because: a) The person or thing was mentioned before. Use the definite article if you can answer the question “which?” 1. ___________ weather today is very cold. 4. the university of Toronto the best show in town the movie that you saw last night c) The speakers share the same context or knowledge. I took a picture of a child. They want to paint _________ fence white. . __________ moon will be full tonight. Put a 0 sign before nouns that are general. ________ bicycles outside are not ours. The child was my son. 2. 3. __________ city streets usually have sidewalks. (the coffee in this restaurant) 2. Use the before singular or plural count nouns and before non-count nouns: the neighbor the neighbors the water Exercise: Put the definite article the before nouns that refer to specific people or things. Capitalize when necessary. (the library in our college) The coffee is good. b) The person or thing is specified by a phrase. 7. 5. People like to sit on _________ park benches. 10. 6. 9. I met __________ students from our class. The library is open today. The moon is in a crescent tonight. He is ___________ king of Morocco. Use the definite article when you are talking about something unique. We want to invite _____________ neighbors to our party.
2. _________ boys are afraid of __________ dark. Let’s cross __________ street here. 18. Is Mr. 22. Honesty is _________ best policy. Did Dinesh find __________ job yet? _________ flowers in that vase are beautiful. 3. Did you feed ____________ the cat? Krishna is in ___________ kitchen peeling potatoes. This is _________ front of _________ house. 12. 17. 9. Did you have fun at _________ party last night? I bought _________ table yesterday. 24. 7. He’s working at _____________ restaurant. 21. Professor Erickson is _________ Christian. 10. T Do you have ________________ bicycle for rent? Do you need __________ bicycle today? I went to ____________ party last week. ________ book on ________ table is mine. 23. 4. 5. She knows nothing about __________ robbery. 14.ARTICLES EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article: a. 13. 20. I need ________ flour and ________ clean plate. 25. There is ________ fly in _______ milk. 11. 19. Shresta _____________ professor? We live on _________ quiet street on the suburbs. 16. He buys _________ newspaper every day. 1. ________ little knowledge is dangerous. . an or the. 15. 6. Is Suman _________ graduate student? Doctors are concerned about __________ health of their patients. 8.
It snowed on Thanksgiving Day. She was born in California. Bob arrived last Monday. The pronoun “I” (i) Yesterday I fell off my bicycle. The Bronx Zoo is renown for its collection of (f) I’m taking Chemistry 101 this term. They crossed the Yellow River. (a) We saw a movie last night. park. We visited the Rocky Mountains.The names of people Capitalize: use a big letter.) Smith. Compare: I go to a university. etc. I’m taking Psychology 101 this semester. (e) He lives in Chicago.The first word in a sentence 2. fall/autumn. Chicago is on Lake Michigan. of people Do you know Professor (Prof. (b) I met George Adam yesterday. zoo 6. I saw Doctor Wilson. days. The names of places: city state/province country continent ocean lake river desert mountain school business street. I go to the University of Florida. She lives in New York City.The names of courses 7. 3. good. The Nile River flows north. They are from Mexico. The Sahara Desert is in Africa. holidays (d) I was born in April. We went jogging in Forest Park. He lives on Grand Avenue We have class in Ritter Hall. Compare: I’m reading a book about psychology.The names of languages and nationalities. . Tibet is in Asia. (g) She speaks Spanish. We discussed Japanese customs. 9.Months. summer. building. I go to the University of Texas. winter Compare: She lives in a city.Titles used with the names (c) I saw Doctor (Dr. Words that refer to the names of nations. Compare: We went to a park.CAPITALIZATION RULES CAPITALIZE: 1. I work for the General Electric Company.) Alston? 4. The pronoun “I” is always capitalized. nationalities and languages are always capitalized. It was very not a small letter. We went to Central Park. Compare: They crossed a river. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Note: Seasons are not capitalized: spring. Compare: I saw a doctor.
18.canada is north of the united states. 14.the sun rises in the east. 4.i take the five o’clock train to new delhi.we are going to have a test next tuesday. ali is a moslem. 10.perhaps rita said that anup has gone to pokhara. 6. 12.i’m taking modern european history 101 this semester. 9.the mississippi river flows south. Smith. 1. Also add a period.we bought a nepali cap for mr. 11. 16. Ex.venezuela is a spanish-speaking country. please introduce me to dr smith.do you know dr.john is a catholic. 17. 3. is a play written by shakespeare.CAPITALIZATION EXERCISE Read the following sentences and draw a line through each small letter that should be a capital letter.the nile river flows into the mediterranean sea.i started to learn french last july. at the end of a person’s title. singh. 13. Write the correct capital letter above each letter you cross out. 20.i like vietnamese food.we don’t have class on saturdays. the moor of venice.in 1957 the russians sent the first satellite into space. 8. panday? he is a professor a this university. 19. Please introduce me to Dr. 15. our math teacher. .ram is flying to Singapore on rnac after the dashain festival. when they are needed.othello. 2. 7.i’m taking a history course this semester. 5.i know that professor panday teaches at the university of arizona.
MAKE Get. attend class for him. HAVE. Complete the sentences with the one of the appropriate causative verb. 8. so he _____________ his twin brother. 9. 1.) c) I had my brother carry my suitcase. (I insisted that my brother carry my suitcase. Mr. My boss ____________________ me redo my report because he wasn’t satisfied with it. I went to the bank _______________________ a check cashed. 6. f)I got my watch repaired (by someone). let and make are followed by the simple form of the verb while get is followed by the infinitive form of the verb. (I asked my brother to carry my suitcase. LET. e) I had my watch repaired (by someone). 2. Mrs.) d) I made my brother carry my suitcase. I ________________ my son clean the window before he could go outside to play. I finally ___________________my parent to let me use the car. The teacher didn’t know the difference. When they are used as causative verbs. 10. . let and make can be used to express the idea that “X causes Y” to do something.) b) I let my brother carry my suitcase. it fit him perfectly.CAUSATIVE VERBS: GET. have. There is usually little or no difference in meaning between have and get. Tom had a bad headache yesterday. 7. their meanings are similar but not identical.) The past participle is used after have and get to give a passive meaning. Tim. (I allowed my brother to carry my suitcase. The teacher ____________________ the class write a 2000-word research paper. After he _______________the sleeves shortened. a) I got my brother to carry my suitcase. Have. (I persuaded my brother to carry my suitcase. 4. Kostas __________________some of the kids in the neighborhood to clean out his garage. he found a jacket that he really liked. 5. Crane __________________her house painted. More than one verb is possible. When Scott went shopping. The doctor ___________________the patient stay in bed. 3.
so I had to take the bus.or not emphasizes that the first item is more important than the second. Mary went home. Each conjunction defines a specific relationship between the parts it connects. Here is a mnemonic device to remember the coordinating conjunctions: FANBOYS For connects a fact with its cause. But indicates a difference: Jane went to the movies. yet happy.but also emphasizes the equal importance. She wants either ice cream or cake. but I didn’t. (Use a comma before but) Or indicates a necessary choice: She is from Chicago or New York. Nor indicates negation of both choices: I don’t like the yellow nor the blue shirt. b) Not only. A coordinating conjunction joins sentence parts that have the same grammatical form. d) Whether. (Use a comma before so) Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions. a) Time relationship: Before earlier action After later action Until a limited time of action When a specific time of action While action at the same time .....CONJUNCTIONS: A SUMMARY A conjunction is a word that connects words.and emphasizes the equality of items. a) Both. phrases. (Use a comma before yet) So indicates the result or consequence of a previous action: I didn’t have money for a taxi. or clauses. (Use a comma before for) And indicates similarity: The skirt and the blouse are yellow. The first conjunction emphasizes the meaning of the second. She will eat ice cream whether or not she eats cake.or emphasizes the need to choose one item.. She wants both ice cream and cake. Yet indicates a difference that is not logical: Indira was tired. c) Either... Subordinating conjunctions begin a subordinated clause and show its relationship with the main clause.. She wants not only ice cream but also cake. for she was sick.
he did not cry. . we washed the dishes. Unless you come early. followed by a comma: Before we went home. b) Causal relationships: as a reason for action because a reason for action since a reason for action c) Resulting relationships: So that to make action possible So that she can read. they got on the plane. there’s a lot of traffic. Although he was afraid. e) Unexpected relationships: though an illogical fact although an illogical fact even though an illogical fact Though he was afraid.The subordinated clause can come first. I’ll dance with you. he did not cry. Whether she went to work I don’t know. Rather than upset her mother. I won’t dance with you. she wears glasses. she stayed home. I won’t dance with you. As if they were not scared. That she is a genius is certain. he did not cry. f) Other relationships: where a specific place as if in an untrue manner rather than preferable action that a fact whether unknown information Where you live. Whether or not you come early. d) Conditional relationships: If action dependent on other action Unless required action to avoid negative action Whether or not action on any condition If you come early. Even though he was afraid. The main clause can come first and then there is no comma: We washed the dishes before we went home.
I love to travel ____________ I hate traveling by bus.It’s late. 17. Wear your raincoat ________ you don’t get wet. 5 .Can I help you with that ________ are you all right? . 22.Can you stop at the store ________ get some milk on your way home? 20.I was in the area _______ I thought I’d drop in and say hello. 13 .I like living in the city _________ my brother prefers the countryside.Why don’t you ring Sue _________ find out what time she’s coming over for dinner? 4 .Julia was very angry at Tom ________ she went for a long walk to cool down.The department store closed at six ________ everyone went home. But. 25 .Betty just got a promotion at work ________ she’s very happy. Or. 10 .So. 15 . And Fill in the blank spaces with one of the conjunctions listed above.I won’t be home for Christmas ________ I’ll be there for New Year’s. 3. 14. 16 .Conjunctions . 9. 18.It’s raining.Don’t tell John about his birthday party ______ you’ll spoil the surprise.I’m going to go shopping on Sunday __________ buy some new clothes.Will you eat that last chocolate cookie ______ will you leave it for me? 24 . 11 .My friend fell down the stairs ________ sprained his ankle.Do you want anything else ___________ can I go home now? 7.Are you busy this weekend ______ do you have some free time? 21. You should go to bed now ________ you’ll be tired tomorrow.I have been saving my money this year ______ next year I plan to vacation in Europe.The taxi stopped at the train station _________ two men got out of it. 2 .I really hate to sell my car_________ I need the money. 23 .I’ve just eaten dinner __________ I’m not hungry. 19.I’m bored! Let’s go out to dinner _________ see a movie. 1.Nobody was home when I rang Jenny ______ I left a message for her. 8.I’ve been dieting _________ I’m not losing any weight. 12. 6.
The first quiz was easy. I had to take it three times.Paula got the job. I had already done the dishes. (even though) 15-Alex has finished his homework. This one is extremely difficult. (even though) 10. (after) 2. (as soon as) . Pay attention to the punctuation.She’s snobbish. (if) 4. I know them well. He won’t give up his ideals. (since) 9. George went to find help. (because) 12.He fell asleep. He was watching the film.He went crazy. You keep quiet. (when) 3-You can hear what I’m saying. We can’t buy anything. (whereas) 14. (yet) 8-We’re broke.The car broke down.They got married.He arrived home.The Harrison's were having a party. 1. (until) 5.I won’t invite my classmates to a party. His wife burnt his breakfast. Do not change the order of the sentences.He failed.CONJUNCTION ACTIVITY Combine the sentences below using the conjunctions given in parentheses. People like her. Their daughter was getting engaged. (by the time) 6.Benjamin passed the exam the first time. They had to learn to manage their own home. (while) 11. (whereas) 7. He can visit his friends. She had no experience. (so) 13.
16 -_____________ five weeks. 14 -_____________ 3 hours a day. 6 years). He has lived in Bangkok for a long time. FOR (a period from start to end) All tenses They study for two hours every day. He has been working since he arrived._____________ twelve days. 2. 9_-____________ I was 14 years old.FOR AND SINCE (TIME) For + period (5 minutes. 8 -_____________ three days. 6 -_____________ six weeks. SINCE (a point up to now) Perfect tenses He has been here since 9 am. 2 weeks._____________two months. 17-_____________ the beginning of the semester. 19 -_____________ two weeks ago. 1stof January. 7 -_____________ a long time. It has been a year since I saw her. 13_-____________ I came to America. They’re studying for three hours today._____________ January 3-_____________ the beginning of the year. How long is it since you got married? . 10 -_____________ a year ago. Monday). Since means from a point in the past until now._____________ a year. 12 -_____________ 1997. I have worked at the bank for five years. Will the universe continue for ever? Write for or since in the blanks below. 20. for the last two years. 11. Since + point (9 o’clock. For means from the beginning of the period until the end of the period. 18 -_____________ this class was started. I have lived in New York since 1985. 4-_____________ about ten minutes. 5 -_____________ I was a child in elementary school. 15 _____________ April. I have studied English: 1.
intend. appear. try. prepare. forget. promise. agree. unfulfilled or futureoriented Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs. dislike. 3. demand. Some verbs are followed by the infinitive form (to + verb) of other verbs. ongoing in the present or completed in the past. You can’t help (like)________________________ him. deny.talk about . 6. consider. When do you finish (study) ______________________? I’ve given up (smoke) ___________________. real. appreciate. prefer. 2. Do you fancy (go) _____________________ out tonight? I don’t feel like (cook)____________________. start. volunteer. regret. hate . put off . keep (on). remember . would like. (can’t) face.resist resume . recall.love.stop . pretend. manage. hesitate. proceed. 15. (can’t) afford. can’t help. avoid. like . swear. regret . He spends ages (talk) ________________ on the phone. mind. give up. expect . imagine . 10. (can’t) wait. deserve. fail . I want (see) _____________________ the manager. 4. Admit. She pretended (be) __________________ ill. decide. Don’t put off (see)______________________the doctor. forget. defend. love. intend. Imagine (be) _____________________ married to her! I managed (find)______________ a taxi. . continue. miss . like . mean. begin. 5. Use the infinitives to refer to actions that are: hypothetical. wish.GERUNDS VERSUS INFINITIVE Some verbs are followed by the gerund (-ing) forms of other verbs. 8. plan. 9. fancy. 11. threaten. hope. enjoy . 14. risk . would love. want. happen. Use gerunds to refer to actions that are: vivid. learn (how). claim. vow. quit. 12. 13. seem. 1. choose. struggle. Would you mind (pass) _________________ the bread? I missed (see)_______________________the beginning of the film. refuse. need. suggest . mention. spend time . practice. offer. seen. We expect (hear) ____________________ from Ann soon. postpone. finish. dare . hate. discuss. feel like. continue. try. begin. think about. remember . prefer. recollect.(can’t)stand . 7. We decided (stay)___________________________ at home. tend.
Some students have trouble knowing whether to use “I” or “me” with other nouns or pronouns. I). and I heard the siren. me and Roberto) about fireworks. 10.The policeman warned (Roberto and me. I and David) love Mexican food.My brother will go home and (I. me) like to fish. 2.” ) Remember: In a list of nouns and/or pronouns. Practice Directions: Circle the correct words to complete each sentence. Say: I rode the train. me) to their house. the neighbor. To help you decide. or Me rode the train.Anthony invited (me and George. What did you do there? On you own paper.Ivan and (I. 4. 1.Gary and his brother asked (I. 9. (The word will be a subject pronoun in this sentence. The dog went with Chris. Examples: The dog.“I” and “Me” You already know “I” is a subject pronoun and “me” is an object pronoun. 8-(Me.” Example: Dario and (I or me) rode the train together. say the sentence with only “I” or “me. Concentrate on using “I” and “me” correctly. the words “I” and “me” should be written last. so the correct answer is “I.(David and I.She and (me. 5. George and me) to his party. Writing Practice: Pretend you and a favorite relative have returned from a trip to Disney World. Simpson gave an award to (Tina and me. I) usually score well on tests. write five sentences about your experiences. me) will stay. 6. Sally and me. I) delivered newspapers when we were in school. 3-Mrs. me and Tina). . 7-Alex handed the fishing pole to (me.
were bore beat became began bent bet bid bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built burnt/burned burst bought cast caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug dove/dived did drew dreamed/dreamt drank drove ate fell fed Past Participle arise been born beaten / beat become begun bent bet bid bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built burnt/burned burst bought cast caught chose clung come cost crept cut dealt dug dove/dived done drawn dreamed/dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed Simple Form feel fight find fit flee fling fly forbid forecast forget forgive forsake freeze get give go grind grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep kneel know lay lead lean leap learn leave lend let lie light lose make Simple Past felt fought found fit/fitted fled flung flew forbade forecast forgot forgave forsook froze got gave went ground grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knelt knew laid led leaned/leant leaped/leapt learned/learnt left lent let lay lighted/lit lost made Past Participle felt fought found fit/fitted fled flung flown forbidden forecast forgotten forgiven forsaken frozen gotten/got given gone ground grown hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept knelt known laid led leaned/leant leapt/leapt learned/learnt left lent let lain lighted/lit lost made .IRREGULAR VERBS: AN ALPHABETICAL LIST Simple Form Simple Past arise be bear beat become begin bend bet bid bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build burn burst buy cast catch choose cling come cost creep cut deal dig dive do draw dream drink drive eat fall feed arose was.
Simple Form Simple Past mean meet mislead mislay mistake outbid outdo outgrow pay plead put quit relay read rid ride ring rise run say see seek sell send set sew shake shed shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep slide slit smell speak spell meant met misled mislaid mistook outbid outdid outgrew paid pleaded/pled put quit relaid read rid / ridded rode rang rose ran said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook shed shone/shined shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept slid slit smelled/smelt spoke spelled/spelt Past Participle meant met misled mislaid mistaken outbid outdone outgrown paid pleaded/pled put quit relaid read rid / ridded ridden rung risen run said seen sought sold sent set sewed/sewn shaken shed shone/shined shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept slid slit smelled/smelt spoken spelled/spelt Simple Form spend spread spring stand steal stick sting stink string strive swear swell sweep swim swing take teach tear tell think thrive throw thrust understand undo unwind undertake uphold upset wake wear weave wed weep wet win wind withdraw withhold wreak wring write Simple Past spent spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stunk/stank strung strove/strived swore swelled swept swam swung took taught tore told thought thrived/throve threw thrust understood undid unwound undertook upheld upset woke/waked wore wove wedded/wed wept wetted/wet won wound withdrew withheld wrought wrung wrote Past Participle spent spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk strung strove/strived sworn swollen swept swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrived/throve thrown thrust understood undone unwound undertaken upheld upset woken/waked worn woven wedded/wed wept wetted/wet won wound withdrawn withheld wrought wrung written .
You shouldn’t have any more wine. How many students have __________ to class so far? (Come) 13. You’ve already ___________ 3 glasses. not) 24.S.Oh no! I’ve ______________ my pencil. The boys haven’t ___________ the grass yet.It’s after 10:00. Raju has____________________ well since the accident. He still has ________________ his wallet. I’ve already ______________ three new blouses. I hope you have _______________ to do your homework. This new house has already __________ too much money. not) 23. I’m really hungry. (Eat) 20. (Cut) 15. (Break) 7. (Bite) 5. Has the class ____________? (Begin) 4. not) . (feel. (Choose) 12. (Draw) 17. (Blow) 6. (Be) 2. They haven’t ___________ any new hotels on the beach this year.Since I last saw George.Irregular verbs exercise Fill in the blank with the past participle form of the verb in parenthesis. (Become) 3. but I need a skirt or two. We have_______________ to Europe every summer for years. The architect has ____________ a plan for the building. I haven’t _____________ anything all day. (Cost) 14. (Catch) 11. 1. (Fall) 21. (Buy) 10. Has your mother ever ___________ to Orlando? (Drive) 19. The mosquitoes have really ___________ me tonight. (Drink) 18. (fly) 25. I’m afraid I’ve ___________ a cold. (forget. he has _______________ president of the U. The old man has ____________ and he can’t get up.Grandma hasn’t ____________ out all the candles on her cake. (find. Mary hasn’t ___________ her wedding gown yet.Mario has _____________ here for an hour. Has everyone ___________ a book to class? (Bring) 8. Have you ______________ the dog yet? (feed) 22. How many times have you ____________ that this week? (Do) 16. (Build) 9.
MODAL Be Be able to Can Could Do Don’t have to Have got to Have to Have to Had better May / may not Might Must Need to / need not Ought to / ought not Shall Should Will Would Would rather continuous action ability possibility/ request/permission/opportunity/ability polite request/past ability/suggestion/conditional assertion choice/no obligation/inevitability/lack of necessity necessity necessity: She has to read four books for this class. have got. necessity. possibility. Modals are followed by the simple form of the verb except for have.). recommendation/desperate hope/warning request/permission/possibility/conclusion suggestion/request/conditional/possibility/conclus ion necessity/strong recommendation/prohibition/certainty obligation/necessity probability/assumption/expectation future action/volunteering/promising advice/recommendation/assumption/expectation/ probability/possibility future/volunteering/promising imagination/past of will/repetition in the past /speculation preference USAGE . etc. Modals describe conditions that affect the verb by relating the way the speaker feels about a situation. need and ought which are followed by the infinitive form. permission. Most of the modals have more than one meaning. certainty: That has to have been him we saw.LIST OF MODALS Modals are helping (auxiliary) verbs that express a wide range of meanings (ability.
MODALS . You ___________________ tell your doctor that you smoke too much. ___________ I help you? Yes please. He __________ help me with the groceries. 8. Erika __________________________ love to visit South America. 9. 5. I’m not sure where Pam is. 18. _____________________ you give a ride to school? 6. My mother __________________________ cook very well. You ______________________ stop at all red lights. The students _________ pay attention in class so they _________ understand the lesson. 16. 4. You ______________ not go to the beach when it rains. Why didn’t you ask. 10. 13. They ______________________ like to go to France for their vacation. 11. It hurts his eyes. Victor ______________ stop watching TV every night. I __________ like to try on this blouse. We _____________ hear the music from the street. She ______________ taken Benjamin to the zoo. 3. 12. I know for a fact she was right here in Phoenix. It is very loud. but I watched TV instead. My car broke down. The family ______________ go to the beach Sunday if it does not rain. The doctor told me I ____________________ lose 20 pounds. 20. 14. 7. I _________________ been glad to help you. 2. I know I ________________ studied last night. _________________________ you like to go to the movies tonight? 17. I ____________ go dancing tonight because I have to study for tomorrow’s test. .An EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal according to the context: 1. You _________________ seen her in Chicago. 15. Yes. My husband is not working now. 19.
NONCOUNT NOUNS Some nouns are called noncount nouns for the following reasons: 1-They cannot be preceded by the indefinite articles a/an. (no final –s is added) Here is a partial list of noncount nouns: biology bread cabbage cancer cash change clothing coffee corn courage deer defense dirt dust education emotion entertainment food fruit fun furniture garbage gold grammar grass hair happiness hardware hate history homework housework ice information learning leisure lettuce lightning literature love luck luggage machinery mail makeup medicine milk money music nature news postage publicity rain research rice sadness sand scenery shampoo sheep silver slang smoke snow soccer soup spaghetti thunder time toast traffic training travel truth understanding violence warmth water weather wheat work writing In order to indicate quantity when referring to these nouns. it is necessary to insert a quantity word in front of them.A number cannot precede them. 3-They do not have plural form. 2. Some quantity words to use with noncount nouns are: a bar of a bottle of a bowl of a couple of a cup of a few a gallon of a glass of a grain of a great deal of a little a loaf of a lot of a number of a piece of a pound of a quart of a roll of a sheet of a slice of a spoonful of a tube of all any any both each every few fewer fewest less little lots of many more most much none none of the one of plenty of several some very little .
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE - NOUN QUANTIFIERS Choose the correct answers in the following dialogue: 1- Chris: Hi! What are you up to? 2- Pete: Oh, I’m just looking for (a) many (b) some (c) any antiques at this sale. 3- Chris: Have you found (a) something (b) anything (c) nothing yet? 4- Pete: Well, there seems to be (a) a few (b) few (c) little of interest. It really is a shame. 5- Chris: I can’t believe that. I’m sure you can find (a) a thing (b) something (c) anything interesting if you look in (a) all (b) each (c) some stall. 6- Pete: You’re probably right. It’s just that there are (a) a few (b) a lot (c) some of collectors and they (a) every b) each (c) all seem to be set on finding (a) a thing (b) anything (c) much of value. It’s so stressful competing with them. 7- Chris: How (a) many (b) much (c) few antique furniture do you think there is? 8- Pete: Oh, I would say there must be (a) many (b) several c) much pieces. However, only (a) a few (b) few (c) little are really worth (a) the high (b) a high (c) high prices they are asking. 9- Chris: Why don’t you take a break? Would you like to have (a) any (b) some (c) little coffee? 10-Pete: Sure, I’d love to have (a) any (b) little (c) one. I could use (a) some (b) a few (c) a little minutes of downtime. 11-Chris: Great. Let’s go over there. There’re (a) a few (b) some (c) little seats left.
PHRASAL VERBS (SEPARABLE) a) We put off our trip In a) : put off = a phrasal verb.* A phrasal verb = a verb and a particle that together have a special meaning. For example, put off means to “postpone.” A particle = a preposition (e. g., off, on) or an adverb (e. g., away, back) that is used in a phrasal verb. Many phrasal verbs are separable.** In other words, a NOUN can either follow or come between (separate) the verb and the particle. b) and c) have the same meaning. d) and e) have the same meaning. If the phrasal verb is separable, the PRONOUN always comes between the verb and the particle; the pronoun never follows the particle. Incorrect: We put off it. Incorrect: I turned on it.
b) We put off our trip. c) We put our trip off. d) I turned on the light. e) I turned the light on. f) We put it off. g) I turned it on.
* Phrasal verbs are also called two-word verbs and three-word verbs. ** Some phrasal verbs are non-separable. PHRASAL VERBS (NON-SEPARABLE) a) I ran into Bob at the bank yesterday. If a phrasal verb is non-separable, a noun or b) I saw Bob yesterday. I ran into him pronoun follows (never precedes) the particle. at the bank. Incorrect: I ran Bob into at the bank. Incorrect: I ran him into at the bank. Some common phrasal verbs (non-separable) call on ........................ ask to speak in class get over ..................... recover from an illness run into ...................... meet by chance get on ......................... enter (a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle) get off ........................ leave (a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle) get in ......................... enter (a car, a taxi) get out of ................... leave (a car, a taxi)
TWO-WORD VERBS (Phrasal Verbs) SEPARABLE bring back - to return call up - call on the phone carry on – to continue catch on – to understand, learn clean up - to clean cross out - put a line through do over - do again drop off - take someone or something somewhere in a car on your way someplace else. figure out - understand something or someone after thinking about him, her, or it. fill out - write all the necessary information on a document. fill in - write in the necessary information in special spaces on a document. give back – return give up – to abandon, to desist from doing something hand in - go give something to someone in a position of authority. hang up - put something on the wall; put clothes on a hook or hanger; put phone down. jot down – write quickly and briefly left out – not included look up - find information in a book. make up - to invent something, especially in order to deceive or entertain. pick out - to choose pick up - lift; go get someone or something, usually in a vehicle. point out – to indicate put away - put something in its proper place. put on - dress yourself in a piece of clothing or jewelry, apply make-up, perfume, etc. stand for – represent, be a symbol for take back - return take down - remove something from its place, especially by separating it into pieces. take off - remove something you are wearing. take out - to remove something that is inside something else. think over - consider something carefully before making a decision. throw away - put something in the trash. try on - put on clothing to see if it fits or looks good. turn down - refuse an offer or invitation; adjust the volume on a machine. turn off - stop a supply of water, electricity, etc. turn on - start the flow of water, electricity, etc. use up - use all of something. write down - write something on a piece of paper so you won’t forget it; make a note.
PHRASAL VERBS – INSEPARABLE call on - to formally ask someone to do something. get along with - have a friendly relationship with. get over - to become healthy again after being sick. hear from - to get news or information from someone, especially by letter. Look for - try to find something look like - to resemble someone or something look through - look for something in a pile of papers, a drawer, pocket, etc. look up to - admire and respect someone look down on - to view someone or something as unworthy or lowly. pick on - unfairly criticize someone again and again; treat someone in an unkind manner. run into - meet someone by chance take after - look or behave like another member of your family.
TWO-WORD VERBS - A QUIZ Answer each of the following questions with an appropriate two-word verb. Use pronouns whenever possible. 1- Do we have any sugar left? No. I think we __________________ when we made the birthday cake. 2- Are you going to buy the blue shirt? Not until I _________________________. 3- When can we see our test scores? I’ll _____________________ your test tomorrow. 4- Who was on the telephone? I don’t know. They _______________ before I could find out. 5- This blue shirt I just bought is too small! I guess you’ll have to _______________. 6- Have you applied for that job yet? I have ________________ the form, but I haven’t ____________________ yet. 7- When do they pick up the garbage? Tomorrow. We have to _______________ tonight. 8- How can I study with that music? Do you want me to ________________? 9- Did you get a letter from your family today? No. I haven’t ____________ them for a month. 10- Did you finish your math homework? Almost. I couldn’t ___________ the last two problems. 11- My homework really looks messy. What will the teacher think? I don’t know. Why don’t you ___________ anyway? 12- It’s very hot tonight. Do you want me to ___________ the air conditioner? 13- What is your homework for tomorrow? Just a minute. I _________________ in my notebook. 14- John, what’s the answer to number1? You always _____________ me when I’m not paying attention. 15-My house is a mess and I have company coming this weekend. Don’t worry. I’ll help you ____________ on Friday.
PHRASAL VERB EXERCISE Fill in the gap in the sentences with the phrase that best compliments the meaning. 1. We haven’t __________ our son for three months. He is not much of a letter writer. a) seen b) written to c) heard from d) kept in touch with 2. _________ the morning news, many houses on the island were destroyed. a) According to b) In addition to c) In contrast to d) In spite of 3. Jack has a lot of clothes, but most of them are out of _________________. a) age b) fashion c) order d) time 4. That copying machine is _______ order. Why don’t you use this one? a) out of b) off of c) in d) by 5.My son dropped _____________ college and joined the army. a) away from b) by c) off d) out of 6. The police officer signaled the driver to _____________ and stop. a) pull over b) put in c) pass by d) pick up 7. Don’t speak so fast, please. I cannot keep _______________ with you. a) on b) away c) out d) up 8. Since I came in half an hour later this morning, I have to stay until 5:30 to _________ for it. a) save up b) make up c) keep up d) hold up 9. I deposited some money every month and _____________ enough to go on vacation. a) saved up b) made up c) kept up d) held up 10. Would you turn _________ the TV? I’m afraid the baby will wake up. a) off b) on c) up d) over 11. Most of our customers __________ their meals rather than eating here. a) take out b) take back c) take in d) take off 12. I _________ my old friend when I was shopping downtown yesterday. a) came around b) ran into c) stopped by d) dropped in 13. I quit my job because I could not _______________ with my boss. a) get up b) make up c) take up d) put up 14.Sorry but that book is ________________. We’ll get copies from the publisher next month. a) out of print b) out of order c) off shelf d) out of stock 15. Could you _________ this ten dollar bill so I can make a phone call? a) tear b) break c) chop d) cut
PREPOSITIONS: A SUMMARY A preposition is a word that relates its noun or pronoun object with another word in a sentence. A preposition + (article) + noun or object pronoun = prepositional phrase 1- Prepositions that indicate place: Over Above Below Beneath Under Underneath Behind In back of In front of Ahead of Across from Opposite Against By Beside Next to Between Among Near Close to Far from Beyond On Upon Off In Inside Within Out of Outside of 2- Prepositions that indicate direction Across Along By Past Through Around Down Up To Toward From Back to Into Out of Onto Off
3- Use in, on, and at with addresses and geographical locations: In On At In a continent, a country, a state, a city, a town, an inside corner a coast, a beach, a side, a street, a floor, an outside corner a building (inside, outside, or near), a number a specific place inside a building
Prepositions that indicate time. Before After During Since Until Up to Around About By For Through Use in, on and at with certain time expressions: In a century, a decade, a year, a season, a month, a period of the day. in the 1800's in the 1950's in 1991 in the morning In time not too late. He arrived in time to see the whole show. On a day, a date, a holiday, certain days. On Monday on the 15th on her birthday on weekends on Christmas
On time at the expected time. Carlos is always on time for class. At for an approximate and a specific time at night at 4:00 o’clock at midnight at noon At present now. At the moment now. At present, we are studying grammar. I am busy at the moment
Prepositions that indicate other relationships: By forms of communication forms of transportation people who do things With tools and instruments He sent the memo by fax. They went to town by bus The dress was made by my mother. He fixed the shelf with a hammer. I opened the door with my key. She wrote the letter in ink. The table is made out of glass He is a friend of mine. The bowl is from India. The present if from Lynn. She went with Christian. I went with my suitcase. They left without me. He is without money.
In types of composition Of materials, belonging
From places and people
With including other people including things Without not including other people not including other things
By one’s self without another person She made the cake by herself. Instead of including one person or a thing, but not another Bill came instead of Bob. I use cornstarch instead of flour.
Mix all the ingredients except for ones. but not particular Everybody was happy except Kathy. the butter. The gift is for you. She works as a secretary. Edwin left for Mexico.Except including some things or people. the pattern for the question is: Question Be or Word + auxiliary Verb Where Who What Who Whom Who What What Who Which street What city are are are does did is are did do do were + Subject + you they you he they she you he you you you thinking work talk going waiting do that sit live born Verb + Preposition from? with? about? for? to? with? for? for? Next to? on? In? . As in the role of For purposes Asking question with prepositions When the object of the preposition answers a question. We march for peace.
17.The flowers ___________________ in your garden are beautiful. 7. 3. 15.Buy some bread and milk _______________________ your way home. 5-Would you like to go out to dinner ____________________ Friday night? 6.We got up ___________________________ dawn today. 21-I’ll be taking my holiday ______________________ Christmas this year.____________________________ the age of ten I wanted to be a firefighter. 14-The coffee is _____________________________ the shelf.What will you be doing _____________________ New Year’s Eve? 24-______________________ the end of the a course students usually have a party.She was tired._______________ my opinion you should buy the blue shirt. 10.There were many cars ________________ the road today.Betty doesn’t have a job __________________ the moment.The doctor will see you _____________________ 10:00. 19. 11. 23.I’ll see you ____________________ two weeks time.I’ll see you _________________________ Monday. 29.My pen is _________________________ my pencil case. She’s ____________________ bed now.PREPOSITION QUIZ Directions: Choose in. 27. 26.Goodbye! I’ll see you _______________________ the morning. 13.The telephone and the doorbell rang __________________ the same time 4-He flew to Japan. 22. He’s probably ________________________work now.He lives _________________________ Australia.Tom and Betty always go to out to dinner ______________ their wedding anniversary. the green shirt is nicer. 8. . 28-Are you doing anything _______________ the weekend.__________________________ second thought. 30. He’s probably ____________________ Perth now.Were you ______________________ Tom’s party last night: 9. 12. 1. 2. 20. 18.It gets very cold _______________________ winter.She was born ______________________ 1961.My wife gave me a wonderful present _____________________ my birthday. 25. on or at to fill in the blank.We live ____________________ this address. 16-He’s gone to work.
4.It does not make any difference __________ me. 17.I’m not sure _________ all that the interest rate is affordable.The President approves _________ making the agreement with Brazil. 18. 10.Thanks ________ all you have done for me.The doctor will be back __________ an hour. 23-Look! We are flying _________ the ocean.Victor is sitting __________ his brother. 6. 22.PREPOSITION PRACTICE Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition. 9-Let’s go _______ a tour of the city. You may write _________ ink. 20. 12.Yes. 25.This story is similar ___________ the one she told us.Javier. .___________ his way to Japan he stopped over in Los Angeles 2. 1.Our is the best car _________ the market.You should spend your money ________ something worthwhile.Hold it carefully __________ your thumb and forefinger.Find answers ________ these questions if you can. 19. 8. 15.We’re looking at some of the ads offered _________ that brochure. do you remember Karla? She’s an old friend ________ school. 13.Who is that man you are smiling ________? 11. 21. 14. 24.Is there anything _______ sale at the mall this week? 5. 16.Can I pay for this painting ___________ dollars.This necklace is made __________ silver.Have you found a nice gift _______ her? 7.Switzerland is famous _________ its watches.You’d better change __________ a lower gear when driving uphill. 3._______ a rainy day I like to stay home.
24. 10-What goes ____________ must come ___________.Jack __________ all trades. do as the Roman do. and customs of a people. __________ the fire.Time and tide wait _________ no man.Charity begins _____________ home.Save ___________a rainy day.A person is known ______________ the company he keeps.There are two sides ___________ every coin. 11. The following is a list of commonly used proverbs. 13. .Everything comes ________________ those who wait. 7.No one looks _________ his own faults. ___________ of mind. master __________ none. norms. they are vehicles for sending messages about the values. 16. 17.The fruit doesn’t fall too far ___________ the tree. 1-A friend _______________ need is a friend indeed. 2. 8. 20. 22. 15-You can’t take it ______________ you. 21.__________ of sight. 4. 6.The grass is always greener _________ the other side. 18. 3. 19-There’s no smoke ______________ fire.When in Rome.Discretion is the better part _______________ valor.Birds ___________ a feather flock together.Never look a gift horse __________ the mouth. 25-Even God is afraid ______________ fools. 14.Look _____________ you leap.Lie down ____________ dogs and you get _____________ fleas. 9.PROVERBS – AN EXERCISE USING PREPOSITIONS A proverb is a short statement that sets forth a general well-known truth. 5. 12. As a communicative act. 23-Necessity is the mother ______________ invention.Out of the frying pan.Don’t wash your dirty linen ______________ public. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition to complete the meaning.
learning to ski. interrupting. swimming and dancing. about after as well as at before besides for from in in spite of instead of like of on to with without . playing football. having time to read all my books. coming to Mexico with us? meeting you. You can only live for a few days without drinking. Ex. changing her job. losing my keys. (NOT …. cooking. paying for everything. understanding this – it’s too difficult. without to drink. being on time.PREPOSITIONS + GERUND We use the –ing (gerund) form of the verb after a preposition and not the infinitive. going on vacation. Example: Are you interested in coming to Colombia with us? Are you interested Do you feel Do you have the time to do anything else He insisted He passed his exams How could you stop her I apologize I like walking I sometimes dream I’m fed up I’m not capable I’m tired She succeeded She talked She’s keen She’s very good Thank you We’re excited We’re thinking Why don’t you come out with us You can’t live I will call you Please have a drink I’m looking He’s interested Do you object Elisa always dreams Do you feel Jake should go to a barber Maritza believes I forgave Javier Thelma insisted They argued I never thought he was capable answering that child’s question? arriving at the office. doing that. saying goodbye. leaving. disturbing you. but I don’t think she will. You can use the same preposition in more than one sentence. telling me the truth. eating. not doing any work. seeing Leandro next week. selling things. staying at home.) Make ten or more sentences from the substitution table below. working late? convincing the police that she was not a burglar. helping me? looking after the children? moving to Canada? going out? saving for a rainy day.
In October.They think that hers is the most interesting submission. the woman who would eventually go to Sidney and win a gold medal visited Harry’s class.Does your Subaru have heated seats like Ann’s does? 9.Mindy is sure that someone was in her house while she was away.What are the chances that the Beavers will go to the Rose Bowl? 20-After the presentation ended. 5-Martina’s friend Stacy. but she was too scared to speak. 23.Many consider booing during a free throw rude and unfair. we went out for coffee. 7. 14. 16. 11. 24. 18.Who will be leading the graduation procession this year? . 15-Pamela wanted to say something to the taxi driver about the red light. Select which category of pronoun it is and place the number of your selection next to the sentence.It would be kind of you if you saved those to share with the guests when they arrive. 8.Do you know when the movie starts? 25. 6. is not someone her parents approve of.Whom did Dorothy choose to receive the computer? 12-Andrea will not like that.PRONOUN EXERCISE Each sentence below contains a pronoun. relative pronoun 3. 1.Several experts have opinions about who will be the next president. 22-They didn’t give themselves a chance to think before beginning the competition. 21. who always seems to get in trouble. interrogative pronoun 4. 10. 2. personal pronoun 2. reflexive pronoun Ex: Who gave you these? (demonstrative pronoun 4) 1.The goalie needs to protect herself when the ball is kicked right at her head.Will she get here before the bell rings? 19.Have you been there before? 17.The dog that bit her brother belongs to the man down the road.The king himself came to visit Henry in the hospital.Juliet doesn’t want either of the gifts Katherine brought her. indefinite pronoun 6. 4-David doesn’t want their help.Alex longed for the car that he saw in the magazine.If the team is cautious they will avoid the problem that plagued the other group. 13. demonstrative pronoun 5. 3.
” 3 .What are you going to do with those old papers?” I’m going to recycle ______________.” 14 .“Gabriela is making a lot of noise!” “I’ll ask ____________ to be quiet. I don’t know ____________.” 7 .” 12 -Why is he always talking about Pamela Anderson?” “He obviously likes _____________.” 6 . and Mrs.” 9 -Let’s see the latest Spielberg movie!” “I have seen ___________ already.” 10 .” 8 . 1 .Why is Javier so unhappy?” “His friends gave ______________ a guitar for his birthday.Where is my book?” “Oh.” 11 -“Who are the flowers for?” “I got ___________ for my mother.“Where is my camera?” “Carmen took __________.” 13 . ask ________________.” 15. Perez to come in.“I can’t find my glasses” “You’re wearing __________________. Could you tell _______________? . dear! I’ve lost ______________.OBJECT PRONOUNS Subject Pronoun First person singular Second person singular Third person – masculine Third person – feminine Third person – neutral First person – plural Second person – plural Third person – plural I You He She It We You They Object Pronoun me you him her it (plural form: them) us you them Select the appropriate object pronoun from the table above to complete each sentence.What is the title of that song?” “I’m afraid I can’t remember ____________.“Do you like bananas?” “I love _____________.Is she writing to Leonardo DI Caprio? Yes.“Please tell Mr.Is that Alicia’s new boyfriend?” “Don’t ask me.” “I’m sorry. she is in love with _____________.” 4 .” 5 .I have a call on hold for Carlos. 2 .
You will meet them when you visit I next month. Its eyes are yellow. Carlos . I’m looking forward to you’re visit. We share the rent and the utility bills. Its black and white. Sometimes her calls he. Them also have a cat.ALL PRONOUNS PRACTICE Subject Object Possessive Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives (followed by nouns) 1st person 2nd person 3rd person (m) 3rd person (f) 3rd person (n) 1st person (pl) 2nd person (pl) 3rd person (pl) I you he she it we you they me you him her it us you them my your his her its our your their Possessive Pronouns (not followed by nouns) mine yours his hers (not used) ours yours theirs Reflexive Pronouns myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves Exercise: Find and correct the errors in pronoun usage. His studying English too. He’s telephone bill is very high because he has a girlfriend in Colombia. It’s a friendly cat. Theirs have a three-year-old daughter. Shes really cute. I like mine new apartment very much. Its name is Whiskers. Him name is Alberto. He calls she often. but us don’t share the telephone bill. Black. I like me roommate too. Their very nice. We talk to it often. We were classmates last semester too. Love. His from Colombia. Them talk on the phone a lot. Were classmates. Ours neighbors are Mr. Hers name is Joy. He pays for his’s calls and my pay for my. and Mrs. Sometimes they’re cat leaves a dead mouse outside ours door. Its large and comfortable. Dear Miguel: Everything is going fine. Ours apartment is next to their.
In fact. the speaker will probably use ANY. last night she didn’t eat ____________ salad. 2.ANY / SOME: AN EXPLANATION Use: Any and Some are used for objects and people. Marissa’s brother didn’t want to eat ______________ food that Marissa cooked. Negative Affirmative Any Some Question ??? Any or some Use ANY for negative sentences: Marsha doesn’t have any paper today. She will lend some paper to Marsha. 7. She would be happy if she could eat _________ vegetable-flavored ice cream. 1. Exercise: Read the sentences below and choose some or any to complete the meaning. do you have some paper? ***A general guideline about any/some in questions: If the speaker thinks the answer is probably NO. Her mother was angry! But Angela likes to have _______________ ice cream for dessert. 8. Tomas doesn’t have _______________ pennies in his pocket. the speaker will probably use ANY. Angela doesn’t like to eat _________________ vegetables. 6. His pocket is empty. . He’s not a nice brother. 9. 4. do you have any paper? Excuse me Sara. 3. 10. He decided to have ___________ pizza instead. Use SOME/ANY for questions: Excuse Sara. Terry has ____________________ pennies in her pocket. If the speaker has no guess about the answer. She forgot it at home Use SOME for affirmative sentences: Sara has some paper. the speaker will probably use SOME. But we know there really isn’t ____________ vegetable-flavored ice cream! Marissa cooked ____________Mexican food for dinner. 5. If the speaker thinks the answer is probably YES.
s. boys. donkey). -ty). -dy. boy. -s. -x or –z. Plural of nouns ending in sh. but there are some special cases. ch. If the singular ends in consonant + y (for example: -by. Consonant + y ………consonant + ies baby lady ferry party babies ladies ferries parties If the singular form ends in vowel + y (e. Singular Plural …. The most common: Singular echo hero plural echoes heroes singular potato tomato plural potatoes tomatoes . g. Proper names ending in consonant + y usually have plurals in – ys: Do you know the Kennedys? I hate Februarys. the plural is made by adding –s (days. the plural is normally made by changing the y to I and adding –es. x or z If the singular form ends in –sh. -ch. guys. donkeys). the plural is made by adding –es Singular church crash bus box buzz Plural churches crashes buses boxes buzzes Plural of nouns ending in o Some nouns ending in –o have plurals in –es. guy.SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS Plural of nouns ending in consonant +y: The plural form of most nouns is made by just adding –s to the singular. : day.
zoos). chief. g. Singular calf elf half knife leaf life loaf Plural calves elves halves knives leaves lives loaves Singular self sheaf shelf thief wife wolf Plural selves sheaves shelves thieves wives wolves Exceptions: belief. bailiff which only add –s for the plural form.Nouns ending in vowel + o have plurals in –s (e. roof. and most of the new words that come into the language. radios. Singular commando concerto Eskimo kilo plural commandos concertos Eskimos kilos singular photo piano solo soprano plural photos pianos solos sopranos Irregular plurals that end in –ves: The following nouns ending in –f(e) have plurals in –ves. Other irregular plurals: Singular child foot goose louse man Plural children feet geese lice men Singular mouse penny person tooth woman Plural mice pennies people teeth women . So do the following.
politics) are normally singular uncountable and have no plural use. Politics is a complicated business. Some words ending in –ics (erg. (But What are your politics?) Statistics is useful in language learning. Common examples: Singular barracks crossroads headquarters means Plural barracks crossroads headquarters means Singular series species works Swiss Plural series species works Swiss Note that some singular uncountable nouns end in – s. Examples are news. These have no plurals. draughts (and some other names of games ending in –s). billiards. physics. mathematics. statistics) can also have plural uses.g. (But The unemployment statistics are disturbing. Too much mathematics is usually taught at school. politics. Most words ending in –ics (e . measles (and some other illnesses).Plural same as singular Some nouns ending in –s do not change in the plural. athletics.) .
UNCOUNTABLE erg...: salt + I haven’t / I don’t have........ ...EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY MATCH THE APPROPRIATE EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY TO THE NOUN AND INSERT IT IN THE CORRESPONDING BOX: A LITTLE MUCH Nouns: chairs furniture postcards money apples mountains sandwich pennies vegetables homework music cash plant ring clothes garbage traffic changes sand stuff information machinery literature idiom dust rice assignment novel suggestion makeup song bread advice coin tool ANY A LOT MANY A FEW LOTS OF SOME COUNTABLE erg. ? Have you got / do you have. There are / there aren’t ... There is / there isn’t ..: onions ’ve got / I have.......
. i) A: I’m hungry......... j) I don’t like hot dogs...... c) Mary doesn’t like milk........... SO. either. either and neither to avoid repetition when agreeing or disagreeing with someone.. g) A: I don’t like hot dogs.. AND SO .. b) Sue likes milk. B: Neither do I.... (informal) . And + S + aux + either and John doesn’t either.... Notice in d): after and neither......USING AND + TOO... B: I don’t either. AND NEITHER. (informal) f) A: I am hungry. AND.. B: So am I... B: Me too... a) and b) have the same meaning.. In d): An affirmative auxiliary if used with and neither.. Me too and me neither are often used in informal English.EITHER e) A: I’m hungry B: I am too. AND..... TOO a) Sue likes milk.. e) and f) have the same meaning. c) and d) have the same meaning.... so.. Notice in b): After and so...... h) A: I don’t like hot dogs.... Me neither. And + neither + aux + S and neither does John.. d) Mary doesn’t like milk. the auxiliary verb (aux) comes before the subject (S).... And + S + aux + too and Tom does too... g) and h) have the same meaning.... Notice in c): A negative auxiliary verb is used with and... the auxiliary verb comes before the subject.... And + so + aux + S and so does Tom. And is usually not used when there are two speakers.. EITHER AND NEITHER We use too......
My family doesn’t enjoy going to the movies very much. Part II. (too) _____________________________. (neither) __________. I have to think that over for a few days. and so ______________________. and _________________________ too. Use “I” as the subject. I didn’t put my clothes away yesterday. 5. 6. (either) ___________________. 10. A. 7. I should take back the library books I borrowed. I’m really tired. 7. 9. 3. Complete the following dialogues by agreeing with the first speaker. and neither _____________________. I can’t try on new shoes without socks on. (Washington) California is on the West Coast. (too) ______________________. Use the word in parentheses in your response. Complete each sentence using the word in parentheses and the appropriate auxiliary. (dogs) Cats are great pets.(my friend) I didn’t pass the last exam. (either) ____________________________. B. and ______________________ too. (Tampa) Miami is in South Florida. (Gloria) I watched TV last night. I have to write down everything he says. and neither _________________________. 3. (neither) ____________________. EITHER OR NEITHER: AN EXERCISE Part I. and ____________________________ neither. I take after my father. 4.SO. (I) Fernando went home early last night. (my brothers) I was born in Ohio. (so) am I. 8. 10. 8. TOO. 5. Example: (Thomas) Henry has a bad headache. 1. 4. (so) ______________________. and so ________________. (so) _____________________ . (neither) ______________________. We didn’t enjoy the movie last night. 9. and _________________________________. and so ______________________________. and so ____________________________. I need to pick out a card for my girl’s birthday. and ___________________________ either. We hadn’t ever ice-skated before. (his brother) Jon can’t speak Arabic. 2. 6. (her sister) Maria is not married yet. 2. (so) _________________________. (mother) My father doesn’t like horror movies.
especially in speaking.” (i) He said: “I have to work hard. QUOTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH (a) Ann said: “I’m hungry. He said (that) he had to work hard.” REPORTED SPEECH He said (that) he worked hard. g.” (d) Tom said that he needed his pen. (c) Tom said: “I need my pen. He said (that) he had worked hard. He said (that) he was working hard. He said (that) he was going to work hard. Quotation marks are used. He said (that) he had to work hard. He said (that) he would work hard. QUOTED SPEECH (a) He said: “I work hard. (no change) INFORMAL: Sometimes. Not all the exact words are used: verb forms and pronouns may change. (n) Later reporting: C: What did Ann say when she got home last night? D: She said (that) she was hungry.” (f) He said: “I will work hard. * Notice the verb from changes in the examples below. VERB FORM USAGE IN REPORTED SPEECH FORMAL: If the main verb of the sentence is in the past (e. the verb in the noun clause is not changed if the speaker is reporting something immediately or soon after it was said. (m) Immediate reporting: A: What did Ann just say? I didn’t hear her.” (g) He said: “I can work hard.” (c) He said: “I have worked hard. (no change) He said (that) he ought to work hard. . He said (that) he might work hard.” (d) He said: “I worked hard.” (e) He said: “I’m going to work hard. (l) He said: “I ought to work hard. Quotation marks are not used.” (b) He said: “I’m working hard. Reported speech is also called indirect speech.” (b) Ann said that she was hungry.” (k)He said: “I should work hard. He said (that) he had worked hard.” (j) He said: “I must work hard. * Quoted speech is also called direct speech. REPORTED SPEECH: Reported speech refers to reproducing the idea of another’s person words. He said (that) he should work hard. He said (that) he could work hard.” (h) He said: “I may work hard. the verb in the noun clause is usually in the past form. Notice in the examples: The verb forms and the pronouns change from quoted speech to reported speech. B: She said (that) she is hungry.QUOTED SPEECH VERSUS REPORTED SPEECH QUOTED SPEECH: Quoted speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words. said).
1. Heavy consumption of alcohol and drinking a lot of wine may interfere with the body’s utilization of folic acid. 11. Drastic measures are necessary and needed to stop the famine. 8. the following combinations should be avoided: advance forward attach together completely finished mixed together dash quickly only unique basic essentials dead corpse blazing inferno free gift completely done join together pizza pie reread again temper tantrum opening gambit past history recur again same identical repeat again sufficient enough proceed forward progress forward return back two twins revert back woman widow If there are any redundancies in the following sentences. In general. 4.The function of the police is to protect and guard society. 12. We are gathered together to pay our respect to the deceased. 13. 5.Both overeating and skipping meals can cause adverse effects. 15. 2. 14. A 1.The soldier. wounded and injured. 9. 6. The house was enlarged and made bigger as the family grew. cross them out. . The city enlarged and grew without any planning. staggered back to his camp. 3. 10. ancient vessel have been retrieved from watery graves. Labels should include the information that allows shoppers to compare the ingredients and contents of the food they are buying. 7.REDUNDANCY Redundancy occurs when two words are used together that repeat unnecessary information because they have essentially the same meaning.He used a long and slender pole to reach the inaccessible site. Montreal is the charming and enchanting old capital of Quebec. Illness caused by viruses and bacteria may lower the level of vitamins in the bloodstream. Conservationists have been collecting data to save these shy and timid creatures. The child sneezed and coughed throughout the night.300 year-old Byzantine ship and another old.
RELATED WORDS The following list contains words from the same family. NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB VERB Accident Affection Artist Athlete Attention Beauty Care Cheerfulness Collection Competition Danger Dependability Destruction Difference Dirt Enjoyment Explanation Fairness Gratitude Happiness Individuality Knowledge Kindness Mechanic Occasion Opportunity Originality Pleasantness Repetition Responsibility Sadness Satisfaction Science Similarity Simplicity Sincerity Success Truth accidental affectionate artistic athlete attentive beautiful careful cheerful collective competitive dangerous dependable destructive different dirty enjoyable explanatory fair grateful happy individual knowledgeable kind mechanical occasional opportune original pleasant repetitive responsible sad satisfied scientific similar simple sincere successful true accidentally affectionately artistically athletically attentively beautifully carefully cheerfully collectively competitively dangerously dependably destructively differently dirtily enjoyably fairly gratefully happily individually knowledgeably kindly mechanically occasionally opportunely originally pleasantly repetitively responsibly sadly satisfactorily scientifically similarly simply sincerely successfully truly beautify care cheer compete depend destruct differentiate enjoy explain know mechanize occasion originate repeat satisfy simplify succeed . Pay close attention to the difference in spelling for each category. but belonging to different parts of speech.
Her niece is very _____________________. succeed. They were aware of all his _____________secrets.He was quite __________________ with his performance. dirtily) . (destroy.The fire produced terrible ____________________ everywhere. (dirt. successful) 16. enjoyable. (fair.RELATED WORDS PRACTICE The words in the parentheses belong to the same word family. pleasantly) 15. dangerous. happiness. Sometimes we must rely on the ________________ of strangers. (sad. beautifully) 4. Fill in the blank with the correct form: verb. pleased. satisfactory. sadness. grateful. You should always drive __________________________. adjective or adverb. (satisfaction. kindness. (happy. noun. (kind. fairness. enjoyably) 18. (success. but only one of those words belongs in the blank space.Everyone admires goodness and ___________________. A feeling of __________________ overtook her. She knew this was a __________________ road. collective) 5. explanation. (enjoy. gratefully) 8. (artist. (depend.He has completed the work _______________________. dangerously) 20. scientifically) 9.What is his _______________________? (explain. kindly) 12-We’ll buy it if we are offered a __________ price. artistically) 6. explanatory) 10. dependably) 2. (danger. (beauty. carefully) 17. dirty. happily) 14.Their new helper is very __________________________. 1. repetitive) 11.After winning the prize.How can we express our _________________? (gratitude. beautiful. It was the most ___________________ experience of my trip. destructive) 7. satisfactorily) 3. (care. sadly) 19. scientific. careful. (pleasant. collection. (repeat.Sometimes _________________ helps us. artistic. fairly) 13. destruction.When do they ____________________ the mail? (collect.Your reasons are not very _________________? (science. they went __________________ on their way. repetition. dependable.He was_________________________on his third ascent to the summit.
is it? h) Nobody called on the phone. Negative sentence + affirmative tag > negative answer expected Mary isn’t here. No. have they? No. do you. isn’t there? e) Everything is okay. don’t you? Yes.. I do. g) Nothing is wrong. Personal pronouns are used to refer to indefinite pronouns. have you? j) I am supposed to be here. I don’t. aren’t they? d) There is a meeting tonight. They is usually used in a tag to refer to everyone. did they? i) You’ve never been there. or 2) with a falling information if the speaker is expressing an idea with which she/he is almost certain the listener will agree (e. (e.. she is. Ann lives in an apartment. somebody. The tag pronoun for these/those = they. there is used in the tag. It’s a nice day today. ** A form of do is usually used in a tag when have is the main verb: Tom has a car. They haven’t left. You like tea. isn’t it? These/those are yours. You don’t like tea. haven’t they? Yes. g. belief is correct. aren’t I? In j): am I not? is formal English. c) This/that is your book. didn’t they? The tag pronoun for this/that = it. isn’t it? f) Everyone took the test. Speakers use a tag question chiefly to make sure their information is correct or to seek agreement. idea. * A tag question may be spoken: 1) with a rising intonation if the speaker is truly seeking to ascertain that his/her information. but less common: Tom has a car. In sentences with there + be. no one and nobody. someone. hasn’t he? .TAG QUESTIONS a) Jack can come. they haven’t. she isn’t. doesn’t he? Also possible. everybody. They have left. they have. isn’t she? Yes. Affirmative sentence + negative tag > affirmative answer expected Mary is here. isn’t it?). g. Sentences with negative words take affirmative tags. am I not? k) I am supposed to be here. is she? No. doesn’t she?). can’t he? b) Fred can’t come. In k): aren’t I? Is common in spoken English. can he? A tag question is a question added at the end of a sentence.
.......... is he? Place the following question tags in the correct blank...... ________________ 7............... has she? i) ...He’ll go to the university …... It’s great to see each other again.. is she? e) . 10.... She isn’t much of a cook......... 6..... 11....Jack bought a new car last week....... won’t he? b) ..... ____________________ 2..... 1.. ____________________ isn’t? aren’t you? didn’t you? is she? doesn’t he? would you? has he? do you? will she? were you? hasn’t it? did she? .... __________________ 5. Each question tag is to be used only once.. will they? h) .................... You weren’t invited to the party.. You’d never have thought of it..........She isn’t thinking of moving... 4... 3.. 7-You live in an apartment ... _______________ 6..........They won’t shut up..does she? k) .. didn’t he? g) ................are they? l) ... a) .. She didn’t watch the film last night. don’t you? c) .........She hasn’t study for very long.... isn’t it? f) .......He isn’t concentrating........ had they? j) ... ______________________ 3..They hadn’t visited before..........She doesn’t speak Russian...... It’s stopped raining... You’re married.. You went to Tom’s last weekend............ 8............. ________________ 12.... ______________________ 11....This music is fantastic.. He comes every Friday........TAG QUESTIONS EXERCISE Match the sentence halves: 1-They enjoy playing football.... He hasn’t lived here long................ You don’t like tripe................ ________________ 8. _________________ 10........ _________________ 9...... 12... 2........They aren’t serious ...... 5........ don’t they? d). _____________________ 4..... She won’t be late..... 9...........
How do we make the Present Perfect Simple? Subject I You She/He We Have Auxiliary Verb to have have have has have they Past participle seen eaten been not played done Object the Matrix. mine. There are basically three uses for this tense: 1.Change 3. to Rome. it? . 3) Continuing situation: To talk about a continuing situation. Have you been there? We have never eaten caviar. Have you seen ET? He has lived in Bangkok. Ex. I have bought a car. John has broken his leg.Experience 2. 2) Change: To talk about a change in a situation or new information. How long have you known Tara? I have lived in Miami for the last five years. We usually use “for” and “since” with this structure.WHEN AND WHY DO WE USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT? The simple present perfect is the tense used when we want to make a connection between the past and the present. He has been ill for two days. I have worked here since June. Has the price gone up? The police have arrested the killer. This is a situation that started in the past and continues into the present (and will probably continue into the future). we only want to know that it took place. Ex. Ex. football. We’re not interested in when the experience took place.Continuing situation 1)Experience: To talk about things we have done in the past and about which a memory of it exists in our mind.
c) How long have you been studying English here? d) How long has Adam been sleeping? COMPARE e) and e). The present perfect progressive expresses the duration (length of time) an activity is in progress. The present perfect progressive expresses how long the activity has been in progress. THE PRESENT PERFECT VS. The present perfect is used to express repeated actions in the past. It is still in progress. . c) and d) have essentially the same meaning. The present perfect progressive is used to express the duration of an activity that is in progress. PRESENT PERFECT: c) I have lived here for two years. i. how long something has continued to the present. Time expressions with since and for are used with the present perfect progressive.THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE a) I have been studying English at this Form of the present perfect progressive: school since May. Present perfect progressive: f) I have been sitting in class: since 9 o’clock or for 45 minutes. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE: b) Rita has been talking to Josh on the phone for 20 minutes. e. have/has + been + -ing b) Adam has been sleeping for two hours. In b): Their conversation began 20 minutes ago and has continued since that time. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE: d) I have been living here for two years. Present progressive: e) I am sitting in class right now. work.. teach) duration can be expressed by either the present perfect or the present perfect progressive. THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE PRESENT PERFECT: a) Rita has talked to Josh on the phone many times. as in a). It has been in progress for 20 minutes. Question form: have/has + subject + been + -ing The present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress (is happening) right now. With some verbs (erg. live.
(be) 11. (play. (feel. I _______________________________ well since Monday. (work) 17. (play) 14. (work) 9. (play) 18. In some cases. My eyes are tired. 1.(work) 7. Ray _______________ ________the violin since he was ten years old. (read) 25. (work) 24. I _____________________________ tennis for three hours. I _________________________ a headache since this morning. I’m tired. (study) 5.Fred _________________ at the supermarket for less than an hour. (wait) 20. I _______________________ baseball since I was in junior high. They _____________________________ at that meeting since 8:00.Ken ____________________________ karate for five years. (sit) 21. (shop) 2.Distinguishing between the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Progressive Use the PRESENT PERFECT or the PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE in the following sentences. They _______________________ the house for several hours. He ____________________ for the company for less than two weeks. (rain) 4. Kate ____________________________ TV since seven o’clock. (talk) 23. Samuel _______________________________ for two hours. I ______________________ for two hours. (watch) 22. (have) 3. either may be used without changing the meaning. He ________________ a policeman since he graduated from the university. (play) 6. (clean) 10. (study) 13. (be) 15. I _______________________________ here for almost a year. (walk) 12. Mark __________________ for the bus for over twenty minutes. We ______________________ in class for fifteen minutes now. They ____________________________ on the phone for over an hour. Lisa ___________________________here since she was born. not) . (live) 8. The team __________________________ on this project since January. She _________________________ English for over six years. Lonny ___________________________ tennis for a long time. (have) 19. It __________________________ since this morning. We __________________________ for more than an hour. not) 16. I __________________________ this hat for quite a few years.
Equal rights (be) ______________ a political issue in American politics for at least 134 years. not) _____________ for the airport yet. In a): I finished my work at a specific time in the past (two hours ago). 5. Aviles (be) ____________ my doctor for several years. 9. In b): I finished my work at a specified time in the past (sometime before now).USING THE SIMPLE PAST VS.They (leave. Lenny (walk) _____________ four miles so far. Simple Past: The simple past expresses an activity that c) I was in Europe last year/three years go. 15.S. 1. 12. times) in the past. 11. 8.The Equal Rights Amendment (fail) ____________ to be approved by three votes. Use the present perfect or simple past.Other women (work)_____________ for many years for women’s rights. not) ____________ dinner yet. THE PRESENT PERFECT Simple Past: a) I finished my work two hours ago. . as in b) and d). 6. The kids (eat) _____________ pancakes three times this week. Some women argue that they (achieve. not) ____________the end of the battle against drugs and crime. Esther (cook.Mr. The U. not) _______________ political or economic equality with men. (see.The students (go) _______________ to class a little while ago. 3. We (build) _____________ our house last year. 4. occurred at a specific time (or times) in the in 1989/ in 1985 and 1989/when I was ten past. years old. 10. * Already has the usual placement as frequency adverbs. Present Perfect: d) I have been to Europe many times/ The present perfect expresses an activity several times/a couple of times/once/(no that occurred at an unspecified time (or mention of time). Present Perfect: b) I have already* finished my work. as in a) and c). He (read) ____________ his mail already. Exercise: Complete the sentences with words in parentheses. 14.Rosa (pick) ___________ some flowers from her garden. 7. 13.Women in Norway (vote) _______________ since 1920. 2.
9. 17. 2. 15. Felicia went _______________ see her dentist about her toothache. We went to the hospital to see our friend. Examples: Examples: We went to the hospital in order to see I went to the store for some ice cream. The short form (to) is more common in every day conversation. My neighbors are preparing _____ their daughter’s graduation. 5. He is coming to the United States just ____________ study English.EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE Use in order to or to followed by the simple form of the verb to express purpose. 12. Some friends came ______________ visit us last night.Martha is coming to our house tonight ___________ dinner. our friend. 7. I’ll stop at the theater ______________pick up the tickets that you have bought. Write to or for in the blank. 8. Barbara came __________ get the CDs that you promised to lend her. He went to the bank _______________ get some money. She has gone to the store ______________ some computer paper. He often waits after class just ___________ talk with the teacher. 3. 6. My parents had to hire someone _______________ fix the roof. He first came to this country _____________ visit his relatives. For is used before nouns to express purpose. She went to the florist’s ______________ buy some flowers. 13. 1. We’re going to the airport _____________ meet some friends. . She went to town ___________________ buy some gas. She’s shopping for a new stereo. 4. 14. 10. 18. He is going to go to Florida _____________ his health. I have to go to the post office ____________ mail a package. 16. 11. Edward left __________ his job a little while ago.
(f) Each book and magazine is listed on the catalogue. (h) The ideas in that book Sometimes a phrase or clause are interesting. A gerund used as the subject of the sentence requires a singular verb. sister and plural verb. EXCEPTION: Every and each are always followed immediately by singular nouns. (e) Every man. the verb is singular. woman and child needs love. In this case. agreement. cat. not change the fact that the verb is must agree with the The subject book. For example. like cat food. expensive. . (j) My dogs. even though there are two or more nouns connected by and. connected by and require a (d) My brother. (m) Growing flowers is her hobby. In (k) and (j): The The books I bought at the subject and verb are separated bookstore by an adjective clause. cousin live in Boston. separates a subject from its verb. in (g) (k) The book I got from my (l) The books I bought at the interrupting prepositional parents was very the bookstore were phrase on political parties does interesting. as well as my structures do not affect basic likes cat food. as well my cats. PLURAL VERB (b) My friends live in Boston verb + -s/-es = third person singular in the simple present noun + -s/-es = plural (c) My brother and sister Two or more subjects live in Boston. (g) That book on political parties is interesting. These interrupting (i) My dog.BASIC SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT SINGULAR VERB (a) My friend lives in Boston.
are) the maximum length of time allowed for the exam. A red and yellow bird (is. 14. 10. There (is. 4. make) him a kind and understanding person. make) sense. The Japanese (has. are) easy. 19. Sensitivity to other people's feelings (makes. 9. 16. His driver's license (has. 2. 15. January and February (is. Both Chapter One and Chapter Two (is. are) mountains. Green Eggs and Ham (is. are) high because he lives in the city. 1. Most of the current news on the front pages of both daily newspapers (concerns. are) a lot of unemployed people right now. have) not been determined. Neither the President nor the Senators (has. There (is. 7. 5. have) found a solution. Fifty minutes (is. Half of the food (has. are) the title of a popular children’s book. are) usually the coldest months of the year. Half of the candy bars (was. want) to come with us tonight. were) eaten by the children before dinner. have) already been eaten. Neither of your arguments (makes. are) several reasons why I can't come.Subject-Verb Agreement: AN EXERCISE Choose the correct word in parentheses. run) the government. have) a long and interesting history. 18. 6. The value of many of these antiques (has. 12. A military regime of high-ranking officers (runs. 11. are) sitting in that tree. Almost two-thirds of the land on these islands (is. concern) the progress of the peace conference. 3. The taxes on his car (is. One of my friends (wants. 13. have) expired. 17. 8. 20. .
works) in my grandpa’s hardware store. A woman and a child (is. 7. 23. 6. There (is. One of the countries I’d like to visit (is. are) coming. 20. Anna. (work. 12. are) very difficult for English speakers to learn. are) Rome and Venice. were) Susan and Alex late this morning? Cattle (is. 21. 1. The extent of Jane’s knowledge on various complex subjects (astounds. 9. 30. 26. as well as her two older sisters. Some of the desks in the classroom (is. along with my uncle. 4. Each student (has. are) broken. astound) me.Subject . gets) very hot in the summer. does) your parents live? A lot of students (is. are) already here. woman and child (is. The professor and the students (agrees.Verb Agreement: More Practice Choose the correct answer between those in the parentheses. 29. The results of the experiment (was. are) Dan’s favorite subject. . 28. have) a long and interesting history. Economics (is. are) covered by water? The weather in the southern states (get. 15. have) to have a book. 14. speak) English quite well. Japanese (is. are) sacred in India. Where (do. What percentage of the earth’s surface (is. 8. Some of the cities I would like to visit (is. Each of the students (has. 5. My cousin. What percentage of the people in the world (is. A number of students in the class (speaks. The Japanese (has. are) illiterate? The police (is. 11. None of the students (was. Most people (likes. 25. are) secondhand. 3. Why (was. like) to go to the zoo. 10. were) late today. 19. agree) on that point. Washing the dishes (is. 24. are) waiting to see the doctor. are) the children’s job. Every man. are) located in North America. were) published in a scientific journal. are) in college. 17. are) protected under the law. (is. 18. Some of the furniture in our apartment (is. The United States (is. 16. 27. I’ve already called them. have) a notebook. are) some interesting pictures in today’s newspapers. 2. 22. 13. are) Italy.
(h) Each of my friends is here. In the structure there + be. The subject follows be when there is is used.SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT: USING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY SINGULAR VERB (a) Some of the book is good . Subjects with none of are considered singular in formal English. and everyone of takes singular verbs. SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT: USING THERE + BE (a) There are twenty students in my class. but plural verbs are often used in informal speech. (k) None of the boys are here. PLURAL VERB (b) Some of the books are good. Pattern: there + be + subject + expression of place. In (c): The implied expression of place is clearly in the world. (c) A lot of the equipment is new. In (b): Some of + plural noun = plural verb. some native speakers use the singular verb when the subject is plural but it is not generally considered grammatically correct. It is followed by a plural noun and a plural verb. For example: In (a): Some of + singular noun = singular verb. (e) Two-thirds of the money is (f) Two-thirds of the mine. (g) One of my friends if here. (b) There’s a fly in the room. (c) There are seven continents. In (m): A number of is an expression of quantity meaning “a lot of”. there is called is called a expletive. (m) A number of the Compare: In (l) The number is the students were late for class. Informal: There’s some books on the shelf. It introduces the idea that something exists in a particular place. (informal) In most expressions of quantity. (j) None of the boys is here. pennies are mine. (i) Every one of my friends is here. Exception: One of. In (d): The subject is book In (e): The subject is books. . In very informal spoken English. (d) A lot of my friends are here. subject. It has no meaning as a vocabulary word. the verb is determined by the noun or pronoun that follow of. (l) The number of students in the class is fifteen. some books on the shelf. SINGULAR VERB PLURAL VERB (d) There is a book (e) There are on the shelf. each of. Sometimes the expression of place is omitted when the meaning is clear.
Question Word (a) (b)Where (c) (d) Where (e) (f) Where (g) (h)Where (i) (j)Where (k) (l) Where (m) (n) Where (o) Who (p) Who Helping Subject Verb Does does Do do Did did Is is Have have Can can Will will can she she they they he he he he they they Mary Mary he he Main Verb Rest of Sentence live live? live live? live live? living living? lived lived? live lived? be living be living? lives come? there? there? there? If the verb is in the simple present. use did. we. usual question order is not used. Question word order = (Question word) + helping verb + main verb Notice that the same subject-verb order is used in both yes/no and information questions. you. If the verb is in the simple past. are) and simple past (was. The main verb in the question is in its simple form. Question: Who came? Main verb be in the simple present (am. There is no change in the form of the main verb. there is no final –s or ed. he doesn’t.FORMS OF YES/NO AND INFORMATION QUESTIONS A yes/no question = a question that may be answered by yes or no. If the verb has more than one auxiliary. does. it) or do (with I. It has the same position as a helping verb. If the question word is the subject. they) in the question. she. only the first auxiliary precedes the subject. An information question = a question that asks for information by using a question word. as in (m) and (n). If the verb has an auxiliary (a helping verb). he does. were) precedes the subject. is. The verb is in the same form in a question as in a statement. OR No. Where does she live? She lives in Chicago. the same auxiliary is used in the question. use does (with he. there? there? there? there? there? (q) (r) Where (s) (t) Where Are are Was was they they? Jim Jim? there? there? . A: Does he live in Chicago? B: Yes. do and did are not used. Statement: Tom came.
he had already left. (u) I will never speak to him as long as I live. last. (t) I will never speak to him so long as I live. (v) Whenever I see her. as soon as. I will ask him. as = during that time (k) As I was walking home. (o) I’ve known her ever since I was a child. (e) When I arrived. as in examples (a) and (c) before* when while as by the time (j ) While I was walking home. When = at that time Notice the different time relationships expressed by the tenses. time as soon as once so long as as long as whenever every time the first time (x) The first time (that) I went to New York. the next time (y) I saw two plays the last time (that) I went to New York. (i) When I see him tomorrow. (c) I will leave before he comes. (f) When I got there. he was talking on the phone. it began to rain. . we will leave. another event happens soon after so long as. (h) When I was in Chicago. longer (till is generally not used in formal English) (r) As soon as it stops raining. we had already left. (l) By the time he arrived. (d) I (had) left before he came. she got a job. ext. NOT a future tense.. A present tense. we will have already completed before another event. till = to that time and no (q) We stayed there till we finished our work. from beginning to end. she will get a job. since until till (p) We stayed there until we finished our work. since = from that time to the present In (o): ever adds emphasis Note: The present perfect is used in the main clause. (g) When it began to rain. (n) I haven’t seen her since she left this morning. whenever = every time Adverb clauses can be introduced by the following: first. I visited the museums. as long as = during that time. (z) The next time (that) I go to New York. I’m going to see a ballet. etc. left. I say hello. I the last time went to the opera. until. I stood under a tree. second. by the time = one event is (m) By the time he comes. (b) After (she had) graduated. while. (s) Once it stops raining. we will leave. third. once = when one event happens. is used in an adverb clause of time. I say hello. next.USING ADVERB CLAUSES TO SHOW TIME RELATIONSHIPS after* (a) After she graduates. (w) Every time I see her. Notice the use of the past perfect and future perfect in the main clause. it began to rain.
Susan sometimes feels nervous. I immediately knew something was wrong. 9. She started working for this company six months ago. 5. He got homesick. Marina saw the fire. 7. 4. 14. 10. I was speechless. Marissa will come. I saw the great pyramids of Egypt in the moonlight. The frying pan caught on fire. We were sitting down to dinner. 8. . The phone rang. The audience immediately burst into an applause. Immediately before that. 18. Then we can leave for the theater. He’ll remember to take his glasses then. Jane has gotten three promotions in the last six months. Pedro had never heard of Halloween. We have to wait here.Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships Combine each pair of sentences using an adverb of time. She called the fire department. I left the room. 15. Nancy will come. 20. The singer finished her song. 11. I had gone to bed. Then we can start playing tennis again. My roommate walked into the room yesterday. Then we will leave. 13. Sam will go to the movies again. Then she moved to the United States. 3. Shakespeare died in 1616. 1. 12. 2. After that. 16. 17. The weather will get warmer soon. Then she chews her nails. I was cooking dinner at the time. 19. Tanaka. Someone knocked on the door at that moment. The other passengers will get on the bus. I stood up to give my speech. He had written more than 37 plays before then. I’ll live for a long time. I turned off the lights. 6. Prakash saw a movie made in India. I’ll never forget Mr. I had butterflies in my stomach.
Jim_______________________ my best friend but we aren’t friends anymore. Form: used to + the simple form of the verb.We came to live in California a few years ago. c) Don used to smoke.I rarely eat ice cream now but I____________________it when I was a child. but now I always have coffee in the morning. 4.. . to/never used to f) I never used to drink at breakfast. but he doesn’t anymore. He_____________ 40 cigarettes a day. 3. we_____________________ to the theater very often.It only takes me about 40 minutes to get to work since the new road opened. 6. 7-There_____________________a hotel opposite the station but it closed a long time ago. b) Ann used to be afraid of dogs. 10.EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO a) I used to live with my parents.When we lived in London. We____________in New Jersey. but now she likes dogs. 9-She____________________ a lot but she doesn’t go away much these days. 8. Now I live in my own apartment. It___________________________ more than an hour.He__________________ to bed early but now he goes out in the evening. Question Form: Did + subject + d) Did you use to live in Paris? used to Negative Form: didn’t use e) I didn’t use to drink coffee at breakfast. but last year she sold it and bought a car. 2-Liz_______________ a motorcycle.Dennis gave up smoking two years ago. Used to expresses a past situation or habit that no longer exists in the present. Complete these sentences using use(d) plus a suitable verb 1. 5.
. The prime minister is to attend the summit in Halifax next week. (be v + ing) We're going home at 5 o'clock. 2. (Will) If you click here.Seven Ways to Express the Future in English If the weather is good. I'm about to leave. the disk will be erased. This is most commonly seen in IFTHEN clauses. 4. (going to) I'm going to try again next week. (be to v) The president is to visit Japan in November. I'll be leaving on Friday. I will do that for you. 4. To make OFFERS to help someone. 6. The conference ends on Friday 7. I'm leaving on Friday. President Obama is to leave on Friday. To make predictions about the future. I'm taking a test this afternoon. He's going to be late. I am going to leave on Friday. the boat will leave on Friday. 3. Examples 1. 1. 5. Meanings 1. I leave on Friday. 3. (v) I start work on Monday. WILL is used mainly in two ways. 2. I'm about to switch this off. 6. (about to v) We're about to start. (will be v + ing) I'll be coming back in a few minutes Will you be going past the post office when you go home? 5. 2. 1.
4. It carries the nuance that something will happen before the stated event. Note: WILL is not usually used to express your will or intention in spoken English!!! 2. These events are not usually under your control. (Note: NOT about to has a completely different meaning.) 6. It can also be used to express future events which you are quite certain will happen. V alone refers to fixed or scheduled events in the future. It has no special feelings or nuances attached. In written English WILL may be substituted. It is often seen in news reports. 5. It means that something will happen without delay. This is stronger than a prediction. BE + GOING TO is used to express your will or intention.3. BE to V is a formal expression used to refer to events involving important people. ABOUT TO V refers to the immediate future. 3. BE V + ing is the most neutral way to express the future in spoken English. 7. WILL BE V + ing refers to the delayed future. .
e). S V O d) The books were expensive. which that b) The river. Who and whom refer to people. g) The books I bought were expensive. c) The river that flows through town is polluted. I met him. . were expensive. g) The man I met was friendly. e). That can refer to either people or things. which I bought. USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES S a) The river is polluted. f) and g) have the same meaning. When which and that are used as the subject of an adjective clause. It flows through town. as in e) and f). which that O S V e) The books. friendly. AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES S V In addition to who. we can use that as a) The man is friendly. Correct: The man who/that lives next to is friendly. who b) and c) have the same meaning.USING WHO. Which or that can be used as an object in an adjective clause. c) The man that lives next to me is friendly. f) The books that I bought were expensive. In a): To make an adjective clause. It. as in g). we can change it to which or that. we can use that as the object in an adjective clause. the subject of an adjective clause. In addition to whom. An object pronoun can be omitted from the adjective clause. b) and c) have the same meaning. they CANNOT be omitted. is polluted. that A subject pronoun cannot be omitted: S V Incorrect: The man lives next to me is b) The man who lives next to me is friendly. S V O d) The man was friendly. f) and g) have the same meaning. f) The man that I met was friendly. An object pronoun can be omitted from an adjective clause. WHOM. He lives next door. e) and f) have the same meaning. which flows through town. Which refers to things. I bought them. and that all refer to a thing (the river). which. whom that O S V e) The man whom I met was friendly.
I like classes ____________________________________________________ 14. Example: I don’t like people who say one thing. I like to have neighbors ________________________________________________ 9. I don’t like teachers ____________________________________________________ 6. I don’t like teenagers ___________________________________________________ 8. I like to receive mail _____________________________________________ 19. I was born at a time _____________________________________________ 18. I once had a car ____ ____________________________________________ 11. I like to be around people ________________________________________ 15. I can’t understand people _______________________________________ 13. I like movies _________________________________________________________ 5. I don’t like people _____________________________________________________ 2. but do something else. Discuss your answers with your partner. I like teachers ________________________________________________________ 7. I don’t like movies _____________________________________________________ 4.I don’t like apartments ________________________________________________ 3. A good friend is a person ________________________________________ 16. I have never met a person _____________________________________ 12. I like places ____________________________________________________ 17. I don’t like to have neighbors __________________________________________ 10. I have a good friend _____________________________________________ . 1.ABOUT YOU – ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Fill in the blanks with an adjective clause. I feel most happy ________________________________________________ 20.
Where (you go) if you (need) to buy a picture frame? (you mind) if I (go) first? . if she had a car. What (you do) if you (win) the lottery. I (go) around and find him. I (show) you the cellar. If you really (love) me. 12. when we talk about present or future unreal situations. I (make) a cake. I (show) you how to play. I would tell you her name She’d be perfectly happy What would you do If-Clause Past Tense if I knew it. Put in the correct verb forms. If (be not) so cold. 9. It (be) a pity if Andy (not get) the job. if you lost your job. we can use would and past tenses to “distance” our language from reality. If I (know) his address. 2. 10. If I (have) children like hers. 5. 6. 13. 1. 8. 7. I (be) sorry if we (not see) her again. I’m sure Carmen (help) you if you (ask) her. If you (not be) so busy. It (be) quicker if you (use) a computer. If I (have) the keys. 14. I (send) them to boarding school. 4. If we (have) some eggs. B. you (buy) me those diamonds. 11. 15. 3. Main Clause: Would…….If: Special Tense Use With if. I (tidy) up the garden. The kitchen (look) better if we (have) red curtains.
is are. (a) and (b) have the same meaning. corrected).ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES (a) ACTIVE: Bob mailed the package. We were surprised by the news. Lee will teach this class. (b) PASSIVE: The package was mailed by Bob. have been. I was surprised by the news. SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT The news surprised me. g. (g) ACTIVE: Mr. mailed. will be. taught). The news surprised us. THE PAST PARTICIPLE follows BE. S V O (d) Bob mailed the package. In (c): The object of an active sentence becomes the subject of a passive sentence. were. was. The letter has been mailed by Bob. For regular verbs. (f) PASSIVE: Our homework is corrected by the teacher. (e) ACTIVE: The teacher corrects our homework. svo (c) Bob mailed the package. Sam is surprised by the news. I am surprised by the news. FUTURE . The letter is going to be mailed by bob. Some past participles are irregular (e. The news surprises Sam. S V “by-phrase” The package was mailed by Bob. Bob will mail the letter Bob is going to mail the letters. has been. The letter will be mailed by Bob. The news surprises us. In (d): the subject of an active sentence is the object of the “by-phrase” in a passive sentence. (h) PASSIVE: This class will be taught by Mr. etc. S V “by-phrase” The package was mailed by Bob. Form of all passive verbs: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE BE can be in any of its forms: am. the participle ends in –ed (erg. Bob has mailed the letters. TENSE FORMS OF PASSIVE VERBS Notice that all the passive verbs are formed with BE + PAST PARTICIPLE TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE SIMPLE PRESENT The news surprise me. The letters have been mailed by Bob. Bob has mailed the letter. We are surprised by the news. Lee.
#7 When the recipient of the action is the focus. • The marketing department created the ad campaign late last summer. #6 When you want to avoid sexist language and those horrible he/she. • An application must be filed with the personnel office. •The tapes were hidden by the president of the United States. (active) #2 When the identity of the actor is the punch of the sentence and you want to place it at the end. #3 When the identity of the actor is irrelevant and you simply want to omit it. #4 When the identity of the actor is unknown •The files were mysteriously destroyed. •The ad campaign was created late last summer. he will probably be asked to resign. •I regret to inform you that I misplaced your file. . • I regret to inform you that your file has been misplaced (by me!). Somebody mysteriously destroyed the files #5 When you want to hide the identity of the actor. • Smith knows the workings of the department.USES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE #1 When you are generalizing and want to avoid overusing the pronoun one. Example: Here are seven situations when the passive voice is preferred. he/she’s/ and his/her. Nevertheless. • An applicant must file his/her application with the personnel office. (passive) Here are seven situations when one prefers the passive voice. • The president of the United States hid the tapes.
14. 11. When the manager arrived.000 people (attended / was attended) the soccer game yesterday. The secretary (introduced / was introduced) to her new boss yesterday. Yesterday I (heard / was heard) about Margaret’s divorce. 19. 9. He (was holding / was held) responsible for the accident. 20. He (remembers / is remembered) the girl’s name now. A bicyclist (hit / was hit) by a taxi in front of the post office. 15. 3. 16. Our plan (is being considered / is considered) by the members of the committee. Over 100. 10. the problem (had already been solved / had already solved). 12. 2. That one (wrote / was written) by Abdullah. 7. Mr.Not much (has been said / has said) about the accident since then. A prize (will be given / will be giving) to whoever solves this equation. Last night my favorite TV program (interrupted / was interrupted) by a power outage.ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE – AN EXERCISE Directions: Select the correct voice between the choices provided. The sanitation workers are on strike. 1. The garbage (won’t collect / won’t be collected) tomorrow. 17. Everybody (shocked / was shocked) by the terrible news yesterday. 13. Roberto (wrote / was written) this composition last week. 8. 5. . Green (has been teaching / has been taught) at the university since 1989. A new book (will publish / will be published) by that company next year.The morning paper (reads / is read) by over 200.000 people every day. 4. Our mail (delivers / is delivered) before noon every day. A bad accident (happened / was happened) on I-95 yesterday. 6. What (happened / was happened) to the taxi driver? 18.
what my favorite film is. where I bought my socks. the circles rotate: Outside moves left. inside moves right or both move right two places. how many legs the table has. what “ameliorate” means. when Mohammed Gandhi was born. if I will lend you $100. The students then start practicing the questions below. what Tatiana’s address is. what to do next. when to leave to catch the bus. how to spell the word “irresistible”. The students then arrange themselves in their circles so that the outside faces inward and the inside faces outward. what color my car is. how long I have lived there. how my day was. . if the mail has arrived. how much money I can lend you.00 when the baseball. if I am well. what a crocodile looks like. whether I have ever been abroad. what my nationality is. etc. where to find an ATM.WH. whether I am going on vacation this summer. how far/close my house is. where the black/whiteboard is. what I saw at the cinema last night. when I arrived at school. Teacher or pair student says: Ask me…… what my name is. what the film was like. how long the room is. why I can’t speak Russian. how many people there are in the room. how I can get to the supermarket. one half designated as the “outside” the circle and the other “inside” the circle. how well can I draw. what time it is. what size the room is. how wide the room is. why I am not wearing a hat. how many cups of coffee I have each day. whether the film was good. how big the room is. how much money you will need. where to buy sugar. where I live. how long it takes me to get home. how big Paris is. The teacher remains in the center so that he/she can listen to several pairs at once. how I make momos. how much a packet of cigarettes costs. cricket or football season begins. how my classes are going. how high the ceiling is. At a signal from the teacher. how many people there are in Miami. who my favorite movie star is.Question Practice Split the class into two teams. whether I like swimming.
11-There __________________ many children. 18. 8. . 20-There ____________________ a cheetah in the savannah. 5. 7. Write is or are in the blanks below. 17-There _________________ an eel in the aquarium. 16.There _______________________ a zebra in the grass. 4. too. 6-There ______________________ many baby lions near their parents.There _____________________ a bird next to the tree. 14-There ____________________ bananas in the tree with the gorillas. too.There ___________________ many people visiting the animals today. 15. 12-There ____________________ birds in the zoo. 1-There _______________________many animals in the zoo. 2-There _______________________ many creatures to see in the zoo. 3-There _______________________ a snake in the window.There ____________________ many sharks in the aquarium.There ______________________ lions in the zoo.There _____________________ some water in the lake near the elephants.There __________________ lots of water for the fish. 19-There ____________________ many creatures to see at the zoo. 10.There ______________________ many monkeys in the trees.There __________________ a rock near the tree. 9. 13-There ___________________ some grass under the tree. Use there are for many items (plural Use there is for non-count items (group nouns) nouns).THERE IS OR THERE ARE? Use there is for singular nouns (one item). too.
comes after such. 1. I don’t know why my professor has to choose _________ expensive books for her course.I had to pay $140. Jerry had never seen ____________ high mountains. I don’t know if that is ___________ a good idea. 19.Sarah and Ed are _____________ crazy people. Most students never discuss _________ topics in class. straight to sleep. I really wish you wouldn’t smoke ________ much! It’s destroying your health.Terry speaks English _____________ fluently that I thought he was American.She has _________ many hats that she needs two closets to store them all. 5. 18. That new song is _________ cool that it hit the top ten within a week of being released. or Use such before (adjective +) noun. Martha is _________ a good cook that she is writing her own cookbook of family recipes. but I think it is important to teach our children to question the media. Although much of the audience had never been exposed to ___________ music. Maybe we should try something else. 8. He is ________ a jerk! He hasn’t said a nice thing since he started working here. 20. She always makes me laugh. There was __________ little interest in his talk on macroeconomics that the room was half empty by the time he stopped speaking. That takes ________ little time and effort that you might as well do it yourself. 7. 10.USING SO AND SUCH Use so before an adjective (without a noun). His voice is so pleasant that I could listen to It was such a comfortable bed that I went him all day. He thought they were spectacular. 11. She is ____________ funny.00 for books for my new Spanish class. Your country is so beautiful. 16. A/an an adverb.Fred is _________ a clown! He is always telling jokes and making people laugh. I never know what they are going to do next. How could you say ____________ horrible things about me? 12. 13. 6. Please. don’t drive ________ fast! I’m terrified we’re going to have an accident. She’s so babyish. The movie was _____________ good that I saw it five times.James has _________ much money that he could actually buy a Ferrari. 14. 17. 2. I didn’t know you had such nice friends. 3. 9. 4. they thoroughly enjoyed the performance of the Tibetan folk choir. 15. She’s such a baby. .
Idea of anymore: A past situation does not continue to exist at present. Anymore has the same meaning as any longer. 15. before now (up to this time).I haven’t eaten lunch ___________________. YET. I can still play the piano. He found a new job. but then moved to another city. . I’ve read this biology book three times and I ___________ don’t understand it. I’ll have another samosa. f) I lived in Chicago two year ago. Idea of already: Something happened The mail is already here. Still is used in either affirmative or negative sentences. 7. Is the baby ________________ sleeping? 11. 13. from past to the present without change. a past situation has changed. 5. I don’t eat in the cafeteria _______________. 9. Do you ___________________ love me? 10. Position: end of sentence. We can’t go for a walk because it’s ___________________ raining.* b) I expected the mail an hour Idea of yet: Something did not happen ago. I started writing a letter to my parents and have not finished it __________________. e) The mail did not come an hour ago. c) It was cold yesterday It is Idea of still: A situation continues to exist still cold today.Raju doesn’t work there ___________________. 14. The mail still hasn’t come. STILL AND ANYMORE ALREADY a) The mail came an hour ago. I don’t live in Chicago anymore. yet. but it has not come yet. 1. Position: end of sentence YET STILL ANYMORE Note: Already is used in affirmative sentences. My sister is here ______________________. but it may happen in the future. Position: mid-sentence. I’ve ___________ finished all of my homework. before this time.Thanks for offering the book. I’m ____________ hungry.I’ve __________ made the cake for the party. She’s __________ studying for it. Since I started bringing my lunch to work. Exercise: Fill in the blank with already.USING ALREADY. Has Rita found a job _____________________? 8. Yet and anymore are used in negative sentences. before now.She hasn’t taken the exam ___________. 6. 3. but I’ve _____________ read it.* I was a child. d) I could play the piano when Position: mid-sentence. 2. 4. She got here yesterday. 12. still or anymore.
lays) with you. lying) on the grass. I’m laying the book on the desk. 14. 16-The fulfillment of your dreams (lies. lie) eggs. 4. 11-The students (rose. 15. they Rise. Choose the correct word in parentheses.Rita likes order. rises). e. they are not followed by an object.The student (raised. 13-I (lay. sat) the table for dinner.Jan (lied. 12. 5. sat) on a chair because she was tired. lies) her clothes every night. lays) to the north of Nepal.Troublesome Verbs Raise/rise. 3. rose) his hand in class. 8-You should (lay. I sit in front row. rises) different kinds of flowers. 1. set/sit and lay/lie Raise. 7.Hot air (raises. set and lay are transitive verbs. 10-Mr.I (set. lie) down and take a nap. sit and lie are intransitive verbs.Ann (set. i. Transitive Tom raised his hand during class. sat) at the table for dinner. lay) the comb on the dresser. 2.Hens (lay. He’s lying on his bed. Intransitive The sun rises in the east. are followed by an object. I’ll set the book on the table. raised) to their feet. 6.Fred (set. she (lays. Brown (raises. lie) my keys here a few minutes ago. 9-Tibet (lies.Fred (set.Sara is (laying. . sit) the dictionary on the desk.
She _____________ both of us that she was going to get married. 1. Write the correct form of say or tell in the blank. “She said that she was busy. “The book is from the library. 13. “It’s too early to leave for the theater. is often dropped in everyday speech. Andy ___________ he wasn't sick after all and would be coming to dinner. I ______________ you the car belonged to George.” Both forms are correct. to tell a story.” 8. 3.” Say is used for indirect quotations where the person to whom the words are spoken is not mentioned: Harvey said that he could not come tomorrow. to tell about something. 4. Roger ____________ he was busy after class. 9. Tell is used in the following expressions: to tell the truth.”. 7. to tell a secret. . 11. Annette likes to _________________ stories about her travels. 5. Susan ______________ that she could teach me to paint. He ______________ me that Marc was in the hospital. The word that when used to introduce a subordinate clause as in these sentences. 2. He ____________ that he always ate lunch in the cafeteria. 10. 6. to tell time. I ________________ the teacher that I already knew how to type. he __________________. We may say. Tell is used for indirect quotations when the person to whom the words are spoken is mentioned: Harvey told me that he could not come tomorrow. 15. to tell a lie. “Your computer printout is ready. Robert _________________. She ______ her boss she wasn't his slave and quit on the spot. “I’m sorry I was late. She ____________ me a big secret. Dolores ________________ that she felt ill.SAY AND TELL Say is used in direct quotations: Joseph said. Sally always _________________ the truth.” She said to me. 12.” Or “She said she was busy. 14.
but butter is ____________________ margarine. Usually is _________________________________ never. 15.The shape of Thailand is ____________________________ the shape of Italy.Messy is ___________________________________ sloppy. 5. A deep pool is ____________________________ a shallow pool. but English is __________________ from Chinese. OR DIFFERENT FROM Read the sentence. 4. similar to. 1. Big is ____________________________________ larger. 9. Hard tests are ______________________________ difficult tests.SAME AS.The shape of the letter G is ___________________________ the shape of the letter K.Bread is __________________________ lettuce. Write the same as. A wrong answer is _______________________ a right answer. 6. but is ____________________ to red. 14. 11. Pretty cars are _______________________________ beautiful cars.A hot day is ______________________________ a cold day. 13. 2. SIMILAR TO. 7. Brown is _______________________ from green. 8. 3. Danish is ____________________ to Norwegian. A happy person is _______________________________ a sad person. . 12. or different from on the blank as you find appropriate.Very good is ___________________________ to excellent. 10.
__________________ make-up 44.__________________ exercises 16._________________ money 20.____________________ sugar 9.____________________ fruit 8.____________________ plants 29._________________ cups of coffee 22.__________________ wind 23.____________________ people 6.___________________ bread 39.____________________ conversation 34.____________________ friends 33.__________________ meat 15.___________________ letters 40.____________________ smoke 3.____________________ birds 7. Read the sentences aloud to your partner.___________________ news 35.___________________ jewelry 24._____________________windows 2._________________ time 17.__________________ mustard 41.____________________ apples 4._____________________ trouble 27.__________________ tables 13.____________________ strength 31._____________________ effort 28.___________________ pens .____________________ rain 21.___________________ snow 19.____________________flowers 30.____________________ vegetables 38.____________________ mistakes 37.__________________ equipment 42.____________________ homework 32.__________________ mail 23-_____________________ coffee 24-_____________________ tea 25.__________________ ink 43.__________________ butter 14.____________________ salt 41.__________________ pepper 41._____________________ cups of tea 26.TOO MUCH OR TOO MANY?? Make sentences using There is / are too much / many using the following nouns. 1.__________________ students 12.___________________ rooms 10 .___________________ space 5._________________ times 18.____________________ seats 36._________________ work 11.
it began to rain. When it began to rain. When he sat down at his desk. c) a client came into the office. a) his boss was looking at his watch.USING “WHEN’ AND “WHILE” WITH THE PAST CONTINUOUS AND THE SIMPLE PAST Use the past continuous and the simple past together to show that one action interrupted another action. 9. h) it was the wrong number. While he was getting out of the shower 3. While he was riding in the elevator 8. Match the two parts of the sentence to show the sequence of the actions. we were watching the game. While he was having a shower 2. When he answered the phone 4. Use while to indicate duration. While he was sitting on the floor. Use when to indicate a specific time: When the accident happened. 10. When the bus came. b) it started to rain. While we were watching the game. While he was making the coffee 5. 7.. When he arrived at work. my friend was driving. e) the toast burned. f) the phone rang. i) the chair broke. While he was waiting for the bus 6. j) it got stuck between floors. Note: Use during + a noun phrase: During the meal ……… Use while + a verb phrase: While I was driving to work …. A Disastrous Day Mario had a terrible day yesterday. g) it was full. 1. . d) he slipped on the soap.
Make is often used with words like peace. These verbs add the meaning of performing the action which the noun collocate refers to. good. justice. There are no easy rules for knowing which verb should be used . love and money. These verbs are used in a very similar way. Bu both are used in common colloquial expressions and idioms – we “make the beds”. or do rather than make.COLLOCATIONS WITH MAKE AND DO It is often confusing why the verb make may be used rather than the verb do. but “do the dishes”. harm and so on. The following tables show some common collocates for make and do. but usually with different noun collocates (words which are often used together with other words). war. wrong. RIGHT COLLOCATES FOR “MAKE” acquisition amendments amends assumptions attractive believe better best capital careers certain change changes checks choices claims clear comparison comparisons concessions conditions contact container contributions decisions discount do ends fast fools forecasts friends good headway judgments known little love matters merry millions mistakes money much nests off out passes payments peace plain profit profits programs progress public reference regulations reparations repayments representations room sacrifices savings sense regulations reparations square straight sure time up use war waves way wills worthwhile recommendations trouble . while do is often used with words like right.you just have to be familiar with the collocations.
RIGHT COLLOCATES FOR “DO” away better business chores evil enough hair work chores the shopping good harm homage homework honor jobs exercise housework justice a favor likewise little more most much nothing a report laundry otherwise your best penance right something up with without a course the dishes wrong A number .
I think you’ve ____________ a mistake. but ___________ no effort to keep them. Ann ______________ the shopping and then helped Jeremy _______________ his sums. To _____________ use of all facilities in the gym. We _____________ all the components ourselves. _____________ me a favor and stop ______________ that terrible noise. . but don’t ____________ the advertising. 13. He finds it easy to _________ promises. had resisted arrest. 5. 10. Mr. The policeman maintained that the drunken driver had ____________ a u-turn. 11. and. you should _____________ a contract with the board of governors. 4. 3. The company ___________ a lot of business with Japan.MAKE OR DO EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of make or do (or both!) 1. Archimedes was not the only one to ____________ a great discovery while sitting in a bath. 15. 9. 12. 6. You must ___________ the most of the situation and _____________ with what you can find in the apartment. Jones succeeded in ___________ an appointment after ____________ several telephone calls. All the arrangements for our vacation had been _____________ when the travel agency informed us that they had ________________ a mistake. 8. After _____________ the beds and ______________ the dishes. 14. He has _________________ a very good translation of the original. 2. to ___________ matters worse. You must ___________________ several experiments before _____________ a report. 7. He was operated on a month ago and has now ______________ a full recovery.
_________________________. a) Therefore b) however c) otherwise 2. _____________________.CONNECTIVES – AN EXERCISE Directions: Select the best transition word or connective to complete each sentence. a) Otherwise b) Hence c) Nevertheless 5. ________________________. You must buy the tickets. a) however b) therefore c) furthermore 11. I enjoy reading this new magazine. ______________________. 1. I decided to go out. ________________________. a)nevertheless b) unless c) thus 14. I like the house ___________________. _________________________. and __________________. We have plenty of money and workers. a) Consequently b) Furthermore c) Otherwise 3. He didn’t earn enough money. we hardly see each other. We live in the same building. Jack wasn’t tired. _____________________. The students didn’t study. Karen is rich. a)Moreover b) Therefore c) Although 12. they failed the course. a) Furthermore b) Besides c) Therefore 8. She’s extremely rich. her cousin Kate is poor. it has good articles. _______________________.The neighborhood isn’t very interesting. he drank five glasses of water. a)furthermore b) hence c) although 13. ______________________. a) otherwise b) although c) besides 9. it’s too expensive. a) Therefore b) Nonetheless c) Otherwise 7. she’s not snobbish. The weather was terrible.You’d better take a taxi. a)hence b) however c) otherwise 15. Phil was not thirsty. ______________________. his wife decided to get a job. we hope to finish the house remodeling soon. a)nevertheless b) otherwise c) hence . ____________________. you’ll arrive late. a)Moreover b) Nevertheless c) However 4. It was a windy and rainy night. a)however b) moreover c) furthermore 6. _______________________. _______________________. That house isn’t big enough for us. we decided to delay our trip. a) moreover b) thus c) though 10. he took a nap. we won’t be able to see the play.
Are you teacher? No. 10. 11. but no sheeps. and the people is worried. I’ll see you last week. The news are bad. By 2050 people will have landed on Mars. Variation: Collect a similar number of sentences from your students’ writing assignments and write on them board or print them as handouts. I buyed this printer in the sales. 16. 1. Have you ever in France? 2. Alert the students to the fact that some sentences are perfect gems while others are somewhat defective. She asked that he drives more slowly. 13. The church has offer meals to homeless people. 4. 19. You’re drive too fast. 6. You must to drive on the left. 7. I have begun college in 1987 3. 8. 20. 14. Students determine the value of the sentences based on their beliefs about its correctness. Do you have any informations about bus schedules? 18. I don't have some sugar. He asked me where is my mother. so they need to be astute buyers and sellers in order to come out the winners. 12. The game is more fun if you are able to print fake money and give the students a specific sum to bet. It’s a two-doors car. 15. Everest is biggest mountain in the world. 5. I am doctor. 17. 9. I’m meeting her at 3:00pm. I started learning english last june. . The farmer has a lot of calfs. I left school in 1973. but I have any milk.SENTENCE AUCTION This is a fabulous activity to get students to pay attention to the grammar rules you have taught so diligently.
she is saying that a unit of meaning has been completed. the comma is used to show the author’s perspective and to avoid ambiguities within a sentence. The question mark indicates that the writer has asked for information. Besides expressing mood. without a strong expression of emotion. The comma indicates to the reader that a clause will follow and carry the focus of the sentence. question marks. interrogation. and exclamation points. It indicates that the writer is quoting from someone else. The Question Mark. It is used to indicate strong emotion or feeling. All are used to express mood .PUNCTUATION MARKS PUNCTUATION: Learning to Interpret the Code Body of English Writing The body language of English writing is punctuation. The most common end mark is the period. emphasis. The Period. and emotion. it also signals parallel structures joined by a coordinating conjunction. End Marks The silent body language of writing uses four codes to express meaning that can not be carried by words: periods. humor. Comma. and implied meaning. In addition. quotation marks. both send signals of stress.facts. . When the writer uses the period. Thus. end marks also signal for a reader the end of a complete thought. and end mark is a signal that separates one unit of meaning from another. The Quotation Mark. Both body language and punctuation are silent. There are two kinds of codes that a writer uses to help you interpret his or her meaning: end marks and internal marks. Internal Marks Internal marks are used to show how the author sees the relationship and the weight of ideas within the sentence. The Exclamation Point.
It could indicate faltering speech. By using the colon. thus adding emphasis to the word or idea. summation. These two independent clauses could form separate sentences. the author tells you that there is closer. Dash. The reader who sees a dash has been given a clue that there is an expected shift in the direction of the writing. or a new idea interposed in what is being written. but by joining them together. Typically. the author uses the colon when the material that follows the colon is the logical explanation of what precedes the colon. the writer tells the reader that the formation following the colon is of special importance.Semicolon. The semicolon is used to connect two independent clauses. Italics are used to focus the reader’s attention on something specific. interdependent relationship between the ideas. Italics. Colon. .
long phrases. and an introductory yes or no or direct address. I told you so. Coordinating conjunctions are: for. it is not illegal. 2. yet. Use commas to separate words. nor. transitional expressions. and.Introductory phrases and clauses 3.Series 4.Parenthetical words. 3. When I went to the store. phrases and clauses 5. Transitional Expression: On the other hand. Coordination: Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction that links two complete sentences. 1.THE USES OF THE COMMA The use of the comma is primarily determined by the structure of the sentence. interjections.Conventional material 1. Commas are used in seven structures. Interjection: Wow.Coordination 2. . napkins and diapers. but he can’t play the trombone.) Ex. Direct address: Juana. Carlos can sing and dance and whistle. Mercedes should have known he was a liar. or. I bought some milk. Examples: A series of words: American know-how has developed disposable bottles.Contrasting elements 6-Direct quotations 7. so. Clauses: Ex. but. Introductory phrases or clauses: Use a comma after introductory elements such as adverb clauses. phrases. college is great! Introductory yes or no: No. and clauses in a series . Prepositional Phrase: During any year in this country alone. we destroy over one million acres of trees.
and with a staff of licensed doctors and nurses. 4. California. Example: “If you agree. and snow fell in July. phrases. J. Examples: Geographical names: Pasadena. Miami. L. 2001. Parenthetical clause: Napoleon. had damaged most of the apartment.” he continued. Parenthetical word: Few people. phrases and clauses : Parenthetical elements are words. “we will adjourn the meeting at nine o’clock. Use a comma between a direct quotation and the rest of the sentence . Example: I thought that you preferred comedies. Use a comma between contrasting elements in a sentence . is the site of the Rose Bowl. Units in addresses: The letter was addressed to Mr. and clauses that are not necessary to the sentence. defeated Italy by the time he was twenty-six. on the other hand. Units in dates: Ricardo applied for the job on October 2. Parenthetical phrase: The smoke. and accepted it on Friday. FL 33176. 6. Examples: 5. with meals of good nutritional value. . are conscientious enough to use litter baskets and litter barrels. 2002.” 7. who conquered most of Europe in the early 1800’s. Parenthetical words. however. 11011 Southwest 104th Street. not horror movies. Rodriguez. fruit trees did not ripen. March 5. Conventional materials: Use commas to set off geographical names and units in dates and addresses. A series of clauses: In the summer of 1815. grain did not grow.A series of phrases: Approved hospitals must provide patients with sanitary surroundings.
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS .
My class says they don’t have anything to say. Discuss with them why they don’t want to speak English in class. Correct mistakes at the end of the activity as a general exercise. My learners say they don’t know how to say anything in English. Focus on fluency instead of on accuracy. 2. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) Keep speaking as much English as possible yourself. 4.WHY STUDENTS DON’T LIKE TO SPEAK IN CLASS TEACHER’S LAMENT: 1. My students say their friends will laugh at them if they talk. Ask some learners to provide an example for the whole class. I’ve given up! My students are all really shy. My pupils say they just don’t understand what they should do in group work. . 3. Repeat the instructions in a different way in case some learners weren’t listening or didn’t quite understand. so your class can get used to hearing English in the classroom. My class just speaks in their native language if they do any group work. Teach learners the necessary language for the activity or revise it as the case might be. 7. 8. Ask a learner to repeat the instructions for an activity for the rest of the class. Discourage learners from laughing at others by pointing out that making mistakes is part of the learning process in acquiring a second language. Don’t correct all mistakes. My learners say they can’t talk because they’ll make a lot of mistakes. Teach your class the language skills that will be helpful for the task at hand. Tell your learners WHY it is important to speak English in class. My students say they don’t like to speak English. Encourage your learners to support each other. 5. Practice an example with them first. They say they aren’t good enough. Give your students a lot of encouragement and praise. 6.
Actually. The teacher should select topics of interest to his/her students. any topic could be used at any level as long as the vocabulary is properly adjusted.DISCUSSION TOPICS BY LEVELS Topics were assigned to levels based on the general difficulty of vocabulary and grammar. magazines) Calendars LEVEL 2 Cities Countries Cultures Family life Describing people Entertainment Exercise Health Holidays Housing Materials Restaurants Seasons Shopping Sizes Sports Supermarkets Weather LEVEL 3 Famous people Going places Growing up Making judgments about people Predictions Relationships The working world (jobs) Transportation LEVEL 5 Business ethics Current events Men and women National health issues Smoking Supernatural events Technology today Urban planning LEVEL 6 Generation gap Government Individual versus society Politics Science discoveries War and peace World economy Submitted by Carol Marsh . radio. Add your ideas to this list. LEVEL 1 Clothing Colors Daily activities Dates Days Directions Drinks Family Food Geography Introductions Money Names Neighborhoods Numbers Occupations Parts of the body times LEVEL 4 Comparison of past/present/future Computers Cross-cultural differences Dating Divorce Education Marriage Nutrition The ageing population Travel Weddings The media (TV. newspapers.
7. 12-________________________________________ but it pours. 19.________________________________________ is golden. 4. 9.________________________________________ saves nine. 2-________________________________________ killed the cat. 17-________________________________________ like success.________________________________________ to godliness.WISE WORDS Supply the beginning words of each of the following proverbs: 1-________________________________________ to tango. 14.________________________________________ louder than words.________________________________________ like son. 3-________________________________________ the doctor away. 16-________________________________________ in for a pound.________________________________________ the heart is. _______________________________________ must come down. 15.________________________________________ is human. 20. 8. 18._______________________________________ the mouse will play.________________________________________ is another man’s gain.________________________________________ those who help themselves. . 10. 5. 11-________________________________________ is believing. 6-________________________________________ loser’s weepers. 13._______________________________________ loves company.
Twitched 6.SILENT LETTER GAME Have students play in pairs or groups. Doubt 3. Forecast 19. Psychology 17. Doubt 3. Twitched 6. Build 22. Half-penny 7. Leopard 16. Tableaux 25. Acquaintance 23. Hymn 15. Marijuana 11. Teacher dictates the words and the students decide which letter(s) is silent and cross it out or highlight it. Know 12. Prayer 26. Folk 13. Often 21. Leopard 16. Teacher dictates the words and the students decide which letter(s) is silent and cross it out or highlight it. Salmon 18. Ballet . Indict 4. Psychology 17. Acquaintance 23. Indict 4. Prayer 26. Answer 24. Marijuana 11. Build 22. Mnemonic 14. Often 21. Answer 24. Forecast 19. Heifer 10. Heifer 10. Salmon 18. Handsome 5. SILENT LETTER GAME 1. Rhyme 9. Half-penny 7. Gnome 8. Rhyme 9. Tableaux 25. Toast 2. Island 20. Folk 13. Gnome 8. Handsome 5. Ballet Have students play in pairs or groups. Island 20. Hymn 15. Toast 2. Know 12. Mnemonic 14. 1.
but he is talking to his secretary. You want to discuss something serious with someone 6. 15. I’m sorry for your loss. Could you do me a favor? J. I can’t tonight. Mr. You say…. A coworker introduces you to another coworker. F. Excuse me for interrupting. C. E. but I’d love to another time. A coworker asks for your help for a minute. You want to introduce your boss to your wife. Q. 14. G. but …. (Some have more than one correct answer.. Can I take a rain check on that? P. A coworker tells every one that she is pregnant. D. “I think we should have higher taxes. A friend/coworker says. Sure. 4. “I think we should…. O. You don’t understand the instructions in a book at work. Excuse me.SITUATIONS AND THEIR APPROPRIATE RESPONSE What do you think is the best thing to say in these situations? Match the expression with the situation. I’m so happy for you. 12. You want to ask the American coworker to explain them. Well.” You disagree and want to be rude. I’m not sure I agree with you. 5. Can I talk to you about something for a few minutes? L. A friend says. 9. A friend says. That’s a good idea.) A. 8. It’s okay.” You agree. H. You’re busy tonight. “The United States has the best healthcare system in the world. A coworker’s father died. 13. No way. this is my wife. You are trying to walk between two people in an aisle at the supermarket. Me. That sounds good. 7. I’m not crazy about it/that/that idea. A coworker invites you out for a drink after work. N. M.. I.” You agree. 10. A friend asks if you like her new hair color. K. 2. You don’t. An American at work says. A friend says. 3. B. You have important information for your boss. 11. “I just saw on the news that a hurricane is coming to Jacksonville!” You are surprised. Of course. “I think Pizza Hut is better than Papa John’s. but you don’t want to be rude. . R. Congratulations! T. 1. It’s nice to meet you. Smith. S. 11.” You disagree but want to be polite. too. Ana.
. We love ____________________________ We hate ___________________________ We have __________________________ We can ____________________________ We can’t ____________________________ _______________________ makes us happy _________________________makes us sad ______________________makes us nervous We are afraid of ______________________ We think ___________________ is boring We think ___________________ is fun We like to read _____________________ We like to listen to ______________________ Contributed by Corrie Wiens ...WE BOTH LOVE. We love ____________________________ We hate ___________________________ We have __________________________ We can ____________________________ We can’t ____________________________ _____________________________________ makes us happy _____________________________________makes us sad _____________________________________makes us nervous We are afraid of _____________________________________ We think ________________________________ is boring We think ___________________________________ is fun We like to read ________________________________ We like to listen to ______________________________ WE BOTH LOVE. AN ICEBREAKER Talk to your partner about similarities you might have until you something you both share for each category... AN ICEBREAKER Talk to your partner about similarities you might have until you something you both share for each category..
Dating earliest age blind dates sharing expenses being punctual meeting the parents typical activities curfews Marriage typical age getting engaged marriage ceremonies receptions typical honeymoon destinations .Tying the Knot Discuss the cultural dating and marriage customs of your home country and your own personal feelings concerning them.
Here's an example of what your table could look like: Column A 1. dating 1. travel 4. in class 5. Set the timer for two minutes and have the student speak trying not to hesitate. at a birthday party THE TWO MINUTE CHALLENGE This is a variation on the dice game above. . at a bachelor’s party 2. music 5. at a funeral 5. books 4. work 3. Draw a two-column table on the board and fill each cell with a one-word topic for the students to talk about. as a house guest 3. at the dinner table 6. sports 5. technology 3. at a picnic Make sure and select topics that are suitable to your students' interests. A student rolls the die first and must speak about the topic indicated by the number on the die's face. Tell the class what the etiquette is in your country for each of these situations: COLUMN A 1. family 2. in the store 4. food 6. on the bus 6. age and speaking level. school 6. fashion Column B COLUMN B 1. repeat or stop for the two consecutive minutes to encourage extemporaneous speaking. at a wedding 2. religion 2. If a student gets the same number twice.THE GOOD MANNERS GAME Rules: The game can be played in groups or as a whole class activity. gift giving 4. he or she can choose from column B. on the telephone 3. Student rolls a dice and must talk about the topic designated for the number shown on the die’s face.
haven’t used a typewriter ___________________________ 10.haven’t worked on a farm___________________________ 2.haven’t painted a picture ___________________________ 8.haven’t changed a baby’s diaper ___________________________ 12.haven’t fixed a bicycle ___________________________ 11.haven’t worried about a test _______ .haven’t talked to the school principal ___________________________ 14.haven’t played a musical instrument___________________________ 4.haven’t cleaned the inside of an oven ___________________________ 3.haven’t hiked in the mountains___________________________ 6. 1.haven’t washed a car ___________________________ 9.haven’t walked on a beach ___________________________ 5.THINGS PEOPLE HAVEN’T DONE Find people who have not done these things.haven’t played in the snow ___________________________ 15. Have them sign your paper.haven’t caught a fish___________________________ 13.haven’t waited for the bus ___________________________ 7.
Cosmetic Surgery With your partner(s). discuss: the reasons people get cosmetic surgery the most common types of cosmetic surgery in your country celebrities you know of that have had cosmetic surgery friends. or acquaintances you know that have had something done your personal feelings towards cosmetic surgery whether or not you would ever consider one of these procedures under what conditions you might let one of your children have cosmetic surgery whether or not you feel people are too concerned about physical appearance these days how you might feel if your future or present spouse decided that he or she wanted to have cosmetic surgery . family.
They want to listen to you. How can you help her succeed? Ask a friend. What should you do? Ask a friend. You had better + simple form of verb It’s time you + simple past Why don’t you + simple form of verb Have you thought about… + gerund form of verb You must + simple form of verb Look for photos that illustrate each of these situations and paste the problem on their back. Is this all right? Find out what your friends think. Your children are “too cool” for you.COMPLAINTS AND ADVICE You could + simple form of verb You should + simple form of verb If I were you. What can you do? Ask a friend. What should you do? Ask a friend. but you’re not sure how much work to give them. What can you do? Ask a friend. Your kids think you should give them an allowance. Your daughter wants to become a famous scientist. Your little girl has a cold. You are not sure it’s a good idea to take children to religious services. Ask a friend. . You think it’s time for your children to help more around the household work. Teacher circulates making sure students are using the correct modal verbs to offer advice. Ask your friends for advice. Your 11-year old son wants to have a girlfriend. Ask a friend. Your son wants to play football. Congratulations! You’ve just had a baby girl! How do you decide what to name her? Find out what your friends think. You want to make sure your children have good manners. Students walk around with their picture seeking advice from other students. but the team practices five nights a week. Should you let him join the team? Find out what your friends think. I would…. Your son has a stomachache.
Ask a friend for advice on how you should respond to her. Your son isn’t doing well in school. You can afford to buy him one. Your daughter wants to get a tattoo. What should you do? Ask a friend. You have just been offered two very good jobs: one in the city and one in the country. Ask a friend. Should you do it? Ask a friend. Ask a friend for advice.Your son just graduated from high school and he wants to buy a car. You want your child to eat well. Your children always get their clothes dirty. but your religion prohibits it. What can you do? Ask a friend. How should you help him. What should you do? Ask a friend. You’re this child’s grandmother and you think her parents are too strict with her. Your son never wants to eat what you prepare for him. but she is a finicky eater. Your daughter’s teacher says your girl needs to wear shorts for PE(physical education)classes. Where is the best place to raise children? Ask a friend. What does your friend think you should do? Your children are growing too fast! You don’t always have enough money to buy them new clothes. From an activity conducted by Corrie Wiens . You have two sons: one is 9 and the other is 7. Should you say anything? Ask a friend. Should the 9-year-old have the authority to tell the 7-year old what to do? Ask a friend.
in today’s modern world. what advice would you give him/her?? Is marriage counseling readily available in Kyrgyzstan? Do you think it is truly helpful? . would warrant a divorce? a) wife beating (spouse abuse) b) infidelity c) dishonesty d) alcoholism / other vices e) handicap as a result of an accident / disease after marriage f) spouse away on lengthy trip g) spouse engaging in criminal activity h) unhygienic spouse i) foul-mouthed spouse j) psychologically impaired spouse k) infertility Should you continue a bad marriage for the sake of your children? Do you know anyone who is divorced? How do people treat him/her? If you had a friend who was thinking about getting a divorce. Why do you suppose this is true? Were people happier in past times? Were people less free? Were people's moral values more intact than they are now? Who all suffers as a result of divorce? Should men be obligated to pay alimony (and child support) in the event of a divorce? Does the rising divorce rate have any relationship with the women's equality movement? Does the urbanization of society have any relationship with the rising divorce rate? What conditions. if any. DIVORCE AND CHILDREN In the 'good ole days’ people rarely ended their marriage in divorce. However.MARRIAGE. divorce has become an increasingly popular alternative to an unhappy marriage.
the stress moves to the second syllable. when used as verbs. NOUNS CONduct CONtent CONflict CONtest CONtract CONtrast CONvert DESert INcline INcrease INsert INsult OBject PREsent PROduce PERmit PROgress PROject PROtest REbel REfund REfuse REcord SURvey SUSpect VERBS conDUCT conTENT conFLICT conTEST conTRACT conTRAST conVERT deSERT inCLINE inCREASE inSERT inSULT obJECT preSENT proDUCE perMIT proGRESS proJECT proTEST reBEL reFUND reFUSE reCORD surVEY susPECT .WORD STRESS PATTERN When these two-syllable words are used as nouns. they carry the stress on the prefix.
I was only pulling your ________________. What he did was quite unjustified. I’m going to pay through the _______________. let me know and I’ll give you a ____________________. but in the end they had a change of ________________. I’m all ___________________. The way to a man’s ________________ is through his _________________. Off the top of my ___________.IDIOMS ABOUT THE BODY AND THE MIND Many idiomatic expressions in the English language refer to parts of the body. I don’t believe it. She is not reliable. You took the word right out of my ________________. I have to hear it straight through the horse’s ______________ He wasn’t serious when he said that. . I can think of two solutions to your problem. This is a very expensive car. The candidates are __________ in ____________ in the polls. I didn’t mean what I said. They refused to help us. Fill in the blank with part of the body that best completes the meaning. I was just going to say that. He just jumped at her ________________. If you need help. The decision is in your _______________________. We have to learn the words by ______________________. Don’t be silly. He was talking _________ in _________. I don’t know why he was so mad. He doesn’t have a ____________ to stand on. I’m not going to stick my ____________ out for her. back brain cheek ear eye 1234567891011121314151617181920face foot head hair hand heart leg neck mind mouth nose stomach throat toe tongue He’s an accountant. Don’t put your _____________ in your _________ mouth. Why are you so quiet? Did the mouse get your _________________? I can’t do anything right. The new manager was given a free ______________ to restructure the company. and has a good ______________ for figures.
For the last round.TABOO GAME – FAMOUS PEOPLE Tell your students they’re going to play a game based on the well-known game of taboo where they will try to get members of the opposite team to identify a famous person without using his or her name. 4.Have students write the name of a famous person in each slip. the teacher collects the slips that no one was able to identify and puts them back in the bag. Writing must be legible. Flip a coin to decide what team goes first. He or she has only one minute to pull as many slips as possible. Have them fold the slips so the writing cannot be seen. poet. 5.If someone guesses right. . the student wins a point for his team. Variation: After several rounds of this game. The person could be dead or alive. 7.Provide the students with three slips of paper each. 8. 9. 6. writer. students can say only one word about the famous person. dancer.A member of the opposite team now comes to the front and starts again. athlete and so on. and be a singer. Only the opposite team can provide answers. Divide the class into two teams. or have them cut up their own. have the students mime an action that would be familiar about their famous person. 2.When the minute is over. 3. A student from that team comes to the front. Place all the slips in a plastic bag or container. 10. 11. Assign a timekeeper or have a timer at hand. 1. therefore. selects a slip of paper and provides clues about the famous person for the opposite team to guess. politician. the students will be somewhat familiar with the descriptions for most of the slips. film star.
What is the purpose of life? 2. If you could meet and talk with any person in history. What's the aim of your life? What are you trying to accomplish here on earth? 16.Are you happy being you? 6. Are you worried about your death and your legacy? If yes.What personality type are you? Are you happy being that type? 10. Do you believe in reincarnation (the afterlife)? If you do. If you could be any person in history.Is your life routine? Is a routine lifestyle good or bad? 13. Do you lead an active. what would you change? 7. Do you ever wish you were your parent and your parent were you? 9. Do you ever feel life is passing you by? 12. what are your fears? 15. who would you choose to meet? 4. living or dead. productive life? 14. which would you choose to be and why? 8.GET A LIFE 1. If you could be one of your siblings.If you could change any one thing about your life. who would you choose to be? 5. which era would you choose to live in? Which era would you least like to live in? 3. what's the point of this life? . If you could live in any era in history. How old do you think you'll be when you die? 11.
Eating rapidly while in the company of others. and then whether or not such behavior is considered acceptable in the United States. even at the dinner table.S. Passionate displays of affection in public. Kyrgyzstan The U. Having a cigarette while people around you are eating Cutting in front of people in line. Licking one's fingers after eating.GOOD MANNERS Discuss the following forms of behavior. Prolonged physical contact with someone of the same sex. Honking at others while driving. Asking about a person's marital status. Decide whether or not such behavior is considered acceptable in Kyrgyzstan. Primping in front of a mirror in a public place. Blowing your nose loudly. Asking about someone's salary. Making slurping or smacking noises while eating. Spitting on the street or sidewalk. Reaching across the table for something you need. Cutting in front of other cars in traffic. Using a toothpick in a public place. Motioning for someone to come with your index finger. Dancing with someone of the same sex. Behavior Asking an adult's age. Belching (burping) in a public place. .
After five minutes. 18. 19. 24. 5. 17. 11. the pair or group with the longest list wins. Allow students to choose the next category and letter for the game to continue. 10. 4. 9. 13. Junk food Article of clothing Dessert Something you fold A tool An item in your purse or wallet An ice cream flavor Something with balls A stone or gem Something with windows A spice or herb A leisure activity Something with a tail A piece of sports equipment A place to go on a date A kind of candy A kind of footwear A part of the body A household chore A body of water A flower A personality trait An occupation/job Something that grows An insect . 7. Review the list together with the class to make sure everyone agrees. 2. 8. 1. 16. 21. 25. 23. 3. 20. 15.SCATTERGORIES Tell your students that either in pairs or groups they’re going to put together a list of all vocabulary items they can think of under any of the following categories according to the letter of the alphabet you choose. 22. 6. 14. 12.
please. students stand up and read their cards. 2. N-44. 10.Can you stop on the corner? 24. 9. please. 14. PHRASES: 1-You have a cavity.Last order. 11.And now.We have a new roller coaster.The express for Boston leaves from platform 2 at 8:45.Would you like me to take those to your room? 13.That’s an 18-inch. 4.Lifeguard on duty. 18.How would you like the money? 22. 16. Variation: Here is an interesting listening activity for your students.It’s a par five with a dog leg on the final stretch. ….Let’s begin with the 4th measure after the refrain. 23.Fasten your seat belts.Would the defendant please approach the bench.PHRASES AND PLACES Present the students with a list of places in one column and a list of phrases on the other and have them make the appropriate match. You need a new battery.Tickets.Rare. Print the names of places on individual cards and distribute them to the students.Your lifeline is very long. medium or well done? PLACES: a) dry cleaners b) pizza parlor c) golf course d) train station e) rent-a-car office f) phone booth g) fortune teller h) watch shop i) mechanic shop j) bingo hall k) hotel lobby l) music class m) swimming pool n) dental office 0) barber shop p) courthouse q) hospital r) city street t) academy award u) in a restaurant v) in a bar/pub w) at the bank x) in a plane y) theater z) in a taxi 19. Ferris wheel and … 21. 26.A little off the back and a trim around the ears. 25.Looks like you need a new fan belt. O-70.I have to give you a ticket for making an illegal right turn. 3.Is that collect or person-to-person? 7. 17.It’s losing time. the nominees for the best screen play. As you dictate the different phrases. 6.Light on the starch. deep dish with extra cheese? 12. 20.The maternity ward is on the 7th floor.B-7.00 a day with unlimited mileage. 5. please. 15.That’s $35. 8. s) amusement park .
or are you often content to simply buy things and take a chance? Do you feel that you usually dress conservatively. or are you one to try out new. or do you often have problems with size. or someone with a more casual look? What are the best gifts for members of the opposite sex? Do you enjoy receiving clothes as gifts.Shop till you drop How often do you go out shopping? Where do you usually go? Do you enjoy haggling over prices? Do you often go window shopping. and unconventional styles? Concerning members of the opposite sex. daring. style. do you prefer someone that dresses sharply and stylishly. do you usually find it easy to find something that you like. and etcetera? Do you find it necessary to try things on. or do you prefer to pick things out for yourself? . or do you feel that it is just a waste of time? What are the advantages and disadvantages of owning a credit card? Do you usually "charge it" or "pay cash" while shopping? When shopping for clothes.
PEOPLE Winston Churchill Mikhail Gorbachev Ataturk William Shakespeare Mark Twain Miguel de Cervantes Michael Jordan Muhammad Ali Pele John Lennon Madonna KISS George Washington Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Harrison Ford Jane Fonda Ronald Reagan Marilyn Monroe Marlon Brando Charlie Chaplin nurse lawyer surgeon sister aunt friend doctor judge accountant brother parent nephew PLACES Mount Everest Kilimanjaro The Matterhorn supermarket shoe store pharmacy/chemist mountain valley plain Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Red Sea Sicily Madagascar Corsica Mississippi River The Thames Volga River Pacific Ocean Mediterranean Sea Arctic Ocean China New Zealand Zimbabwe Rome Cairo Istanbul Russia Poland Albania London Berlin Buenos Aires THINGS shirt jacket vest computer filing cabinet pencil sharpener basketball baseball glove ski pole refrigerator DVD player vacuum cleaner bus motorcycle jet ski knife measuring cup spatula TV dishwasher coffeemaker pen wastebasket pointer bed dresser bathtub desk eraser index card sofa curtain carpet . When the dictation is done.PEOPLE. Spelling and capitalization rules must be observed. the students swap papers with a classmates and count the correct items obtained. Items should be called at random. Teachers should feel free to substitute and/or add to the listings here to make it specific for their group level and local culture. PLACES OR THINGS This is a dictation exercise for the students to listen to the items be called and then place them into one of the three categories listed. A small prize can be given with to the student with the highest score.
TIME When is your birthday? What is your favorite time of day? What time do you usually get up? When do you eat breakfast? What do you usually eat? When do you normally eat lunch? What do you usually have to eat? What time do you usually go to bed? What is your favorite TV program? When is it on? What do you usually do in your free time? What is your favorite day of the week? Why? What is your favorite month? Why? When was your last vacation? Where did you go? When is your next vacation? Where are you going? .
.............To beat a retreat means............................................................ “Let’s lend a helping hand” means...............CLICHES A cliché is a phrase that has become overly familiar in its characterization or idea................................... Easier said than done means................................................... To be “sadder but wiser” means........................................................................................................... Something that has “no rhyme or reason” is......... Someone that needs no introduction means...........................................................Any port in a storm means................................................ 21.. Andrew has always being a tower of strength means................................................................. Write your interpretation next to each one.................................. 4........ He is going through the motions means... I’m so shocked that I’m at a loss for words means... 18................. 5........... 3................ “I have the privilege of knowing” means........................... 10.......... Someone that knows which way the wind is blowing is........................ 2...................Someone that “rants and rave” is ............................................................. The table linens show a lot of “wear and tear” means................ 22................ Here is a list of commonly used clichés........................ 7.......................................................... 17................................ My donation is just a drop in the bucket means.............................. A lifestyle that is “straight and narrow” means..... 1.................................... 14............ 11............... he’s lucky to be alive means.................. ........... 9...............Someone that is “quick as a flash” is........................................ 24............................................................................ 23................................................. Something that happens in a wink means......All things being equal........... 12.......... A blessing in disguise means....Make your speech short and sweet means......... Someone that is “willing and ready” is...............................................At the crack of dawn means............................. 8....................... 16....................................................................................................... 25........................ 15.............................. 20................................................... 19...............Being in a stew means................ 6.................... 13.....................................................................................................................................................................Something that is “touch and go” is ....
parent. best friend.Personality Traits easygoing intense independent dependent modest egotistical opinionated open-minded patient impatient sociable unsociable moody good-natured stingy generous unreliable reliable intelligent idiotic practical unrealistic sensitive insensitive lazy hardworking serious witty competent incompetent Which of the above traits best describes you? Which do you have in common with your partner? Which traits would you find in the ideal spouse? Describe the traits of someone you know (e. Are there any traits that you think are typical of Americans? Do you think there are any traits that are typical of people in your country? How would you describe the leader of your country? What are the traits of a good teacher? What would you like to change about yourself? . g. boyfriend/girlfriend. family member).
4. How much money do you usually carry on you? 2. Do you have a bank account? 3. Do you ever gamble with your money? What is the best way to invest money? 5. Do you generally budget your money well? 8. Are any of your friends gold-diggers? How about you? 20. What would you do if you won a million dollars? 22. Are you sometimes tight with your money? 16. Have you ever borrowed money from a friend? Did you pay it back? 14. Are people too materialistic these days? 21. Have you ever loaned money to a friend? Did he/she ever pay it back? 13. Who is the stingiest person you know? The most generous? 17. Do you have any foreign money? 10. What is the most expensive thing you have ever bought? 9. Is money the key to happiness? . Have you ever had a coin collection? 11.$ $ Money $ $ a piggy bank a gold-digger a miser to loan to gamble to budget to be tight to be stingy to be materialistic to be generous to be well off to be broke 1. Do you feel you are well off? How about your parents? 12. Do you often use credit cards? 15. Do you ever give money to people on the street? 19. Where is the best place to hide money at home? 7. Have you ever saved money in a piggy bank? 6. Have you ever given money to charity? 18.
Have them sign your paper.can change a tire ___________________________________ 6.can’t whistle ___________________________________ 7.can sing very well___________________________________ 12.can speak three languages ___________________________________ 16. 1.can play tennis___________________________________ .can swim___________________________________ 15.can do a headstand___________________________________ 24.can’t read in a moving car ___________________________________ 18.can’t type ___________________________________ 20.can juggle___________________________________ 23.can’t stay out past midnight on school nights _______________________ 21.can milk a cow___________________________________ 22.THINGS PEOPLE CAN AND CAN’T DO Find people who can and can’t do these things.can bake a cherry pie___________________________________ 3.can’t play the piano___________________________________ 9.can’t drive a car___________________________________ 8.can ice-skate___________________________________ 17.can knit ___________________________________ 25.can’t go to the movies on Saturday nights _________________________ 10.can sew on a machine___________________________________ 5.can ride a bicycle ___________________________________ 4.can’t speak Spanish ___________________________________ 19.can’t eat eggs ___________________________________ 11.can play a musical instrument ___________________________________ 13.can whistle ___________________________________ 2.can keep a pet at home ___________________________________ 14.
personalities. and occupations). What sort of activities do you enjoy doing with your family? Do you have your own room or do you share a room? Do you often have friends over to your place? Who usually gets up first in your family? Who goes to bed last? What do you think your family members are doing now? Do you or your family practice any particular religion? What are some unusual things about your family? What was your favorite toy as a child? What kind of games did you like to play? Did you ever get into trouble as a child? Were you often punished? Are your parents strict or lenient? Do you think that they are conservative or liberal? Is your mother a good cook? What does she cook best? How often do you help your mother with the housework? Do you think it is easier to be a father or a mother? Is it better to have a working mother or one who stays home with the children? How many children do you want to have? Do you prefer girls or boys? . their physical appearances.THOUGHTS ON FAMILY Describe some of the people in your immediate family (for example.
the instructor asks questions directed at the student Student’s comprehension Student’s response COMMENTS: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 .SPEECH RUBRIC NAME: ______________________________ STARTING TIME :______________________ DATE: ________________________________ STOPPING TIME: ______________________ GRADING 10 Introduction Name/Topic/Set Pronunciation Voice/Clear/Loud Grammar Structure Knowledge of Topic/Preparation / Ex. Visuals Vocabulary Fluency Sequence Conclusion INTERVIEW 10 After the presentation.
When is a doctor most annoyed? 23.RIDDLES FOR CHILDREN 1.How can you always have friends? 7.The future W. the others are week days.For fear of falling out.The pavement.Breath N.Why does time fly? 9. G-Make them.The letter T. .What is the best material for a kite? 4.What room can no one enter? 14.What is the best thing to take before singing? 10. but is always in K-A bottle. D. 11. Q.O I C U F.What makes people baldheaded? 22.What is it that you cannot see.F O E nobody likes to lose? 20.Because he fingers the keys.Why is a jailer like a pianist? 5. H.Lack of hair. 2.Spell enemy in three letters.What fruit is mentioned most in history? 15. J.Because there is a night in between. O.On what day of the year do women talk the least? 21. front of you? 12. E.Why are passengers in airplanes so polite to each other? 17.Because it is too far to walk. Z.Why is a book like a king? 16.What is the hardest thing about learning to ride B. 8. Y.Why can’t the world never come to an end? 25.What four letters would frighten a thief? A-The multiplication table. M.A mushroom a bicycle? 3.Why do ducks and geese fly north in the springtime? 18.On what side of the pitcher is the handle? 6.When he runs out of patients.It has many pages. P. V.What asks no questions but requires many answers? L.Why do we all go to bed? 13.Which is the strongest day of the week? T-Because the bed will not come to us. U-The outside.Why can’t it rain continually for two days? C.What has a neck but no head? 26.What is that which nobody wishes to have and S.Because it is round.Dates. R.Sunday. 24.The shortest day.Because so many are trying to kill it. I-A lawsuit.What is the difference between here and there? X-Fly paper. 19.
How can you keep a fish from smelling? 2.A towel 11.Which two words have more than 100 letters in them? 19-Who is the strongest man in the city? 20-Who was the smallest night watchman in history? 1.Where can happiness always be found? 17-Where was Noah when the lights went out? 18.What is the worst weather for mice? 15. A night watchman who fell asleep on his watch.Baby giraffes 6. I-95 freeway 12.Nothing 8. I-95 is a highway running north-south from the Canadian border to Florida.your fingernail 16.S. When it’s raining cats and dogs.What do giraffes have that no other animals in the world have? 6-What do you break when you name it? 7-What does a rich man want that a poor man has? 8-What falls but doesn’t break.) 9.Don’t feed it 3.post office 19. a photograph 14.What has to be taken before you can receive one? 14.Cut off its nose 2.” 5. .What fruit is red when it is green? 10.What gets wetter and wetter the more it dries? 11-What goes from New York City to Boston without moving? 12-What has four wheels and flies? 13.A blackberry 10.Silence 7.What nail should you never hit with a hammer? 16. 15.“You are too young to smoke. but can’t go down a chimney fast? 4. in the dark 18. and what breaks that doesn’t fall? 9.What did the big chimney say to the little chimney? 5. He can stop a speeding truck with one hand.How can you make a slow horse fast? 3-What can go up a chimney down. waterfall and a storm breaks. U. 20. A garbage truck 13. Night and day (also snow and rain.An umbrella 4. in the dictionary 17.MORE RIDDLES 1.The traffic cop.A.
What color is a key? 13.QUESTIONS ABOUT COLORS 1. What color is cotton? 3.What color is the inside of a strawberry? 18.What color is the American flag? 26.What color is the outside of a potato? .What color is a zebra? 19.What color is the outside of an eggplant? 20.What color is broccoli? 22.What color is the inside of a watermelon? 29.What color is the sun? 15.What color is the sky at night? 28. What color is a dollar? 8. What color is a carrot? 6.What color is the outside of a watermelon? 30.What color is a pepper? 16.What color are the leaves in a tree? 23. What colors are the three lights in a traffic signal? The top light is _____The middle light is ______The bottom light is _____ 7.What color is the skin of a person who goes to the beach a lot? 21.What color is an elephant? 17. What color is the sky on a beautiful day? 2.What color is blood? 24. What color is a cloud just before a bad storm? 10.What color is the inside of a coconut? 12. What color is the inside of an orange? 4.What color is celery? 11. What color is the inside of an apple? 9.What color is the inside of a lemon? 27. What color is good for a baby girl’s dress? 5.What color is the outside of a lime? 25.What color is the inside of a lemon? 14.
PAINTING WITH WORDS BLACK charcoal ebony off black BLUE aquamarine cobalt blue lapis navy blue royal blue sapphire blue turquoise GREEN apple green green hazel hunter green emerald green lime green jade olive green mint moss green teal PINK cerise raspberry rose RED cranberry cherry garnet red ruby red russet COFFEE ash camel cream Carmelite chestnut ecru khaki sandstone tan taupe ORANGE coral peach PURPLE amethyst burgundy fuchsia lavender lilac magenta mauve plum wine WHITE ivory oyster METALLIC COLORS YELLOW gold lemon yellow yellow brass bronze gold pewter silver .
LIVING IN THE PAST What did you do yesterday? What did you do on your last birthday? When was the last time you got some exercise? When was the last time you drank too much? When was the last time you saw your parents? When was the last time you gave someone a gift? When was the last time you won something? What did you do Saturday night? What did you do last New Year’s Eve? When was the last time you went out dancing? When was the last time you ate out? When was the last time you received a gift? When was the last time you got really sick? When was the last time you attended a wedding? .
There should be some discussion as students realize that they have written different words that sound the same. Below is a list of homophones that can be used for the dictation and further discussion. Ask the class to come up with a different word that sounds the same. Once the students write down their words. have them pair up with another student to see if they wrote down the same words.HOMOPHONES – A DICTATION EXERCISE Tell the students that you will be dictating twenty words and for them to write what they hear. Word see sword hi weather dye not mind some road toes bite hear none piece board which whale heel air blew vain band dough role Homophone sea soared high whether die knot mined sum rowed tows byte here nun peace bore witch wail heal / he’ll heir blue vein banned doe roll Word pull steel cereal mist higher site wood heard be / B soul bear bread groan break scent / cent passed so / sow route brake read main haul idle mined Homophone pool steal serial missed hire sight would herd bee sole bare bred grown brake sent past sew root break red mane hall idol mind . Have a different student come up to the board and write his/her version of each word.
.) Who is her/his favorite actor? Favorite actress? TELEVISION: Does your partner like to watch television? What kind of programs does s/he like? (news. heavy metal. comedies..) What kind of music does s/he hate? Who is his/her favorite singer/band? MOVIES: Does your partner enjoy watching movies? What kind? (comedies. science fiction.. sci-fi. cartoons.LIKES AND DISLIKES FOOD: What kind of food does your partner like? What kind of food doesn't s/he like? DRINK: What does your partner like to drink? What doesn't s/he like to drink? SMOKING: Does your partner like to smoke? What kind of cigarettes does s/he like? BOOKS: Does your partner like to read? What kind of books? (mysteries. documentaries) SPORTS: Does your partner like sports? What kind? Which sport does s/he find boring? Who is his/her favorite athlete? PASTIMES: What does your partner like to do in his/her free time? Can s/he play a musical instrument? Does s/he have a hobby? VACATIONS: Where does your partner like to go on vacation? What does s/he like to do there? Where would s/he like to go in the future? Why? .. rap. romantic. game shows..) Who is his/her favorite author? MUSIC: Does your partner like listening to music? What kind? (pop. kung fu. dramas. new age. soap operas.. historical novels. non-fiction. alternative. classical. actionadventure.
store-bought. they need to decide what needs to be done and in what order. piñata. clown.J. serving equipment) Will there be a cake? Who is going to make it? Will there be any games? Who is going to organize them? Are you going to hire a D. co-workers) How many guests can you accommodate? Are you going to mail the invitations or call your guests? Where will the party be held? (Home. 1. balloons. M. party favors. classmates. catered. relatives. beach..C. potluck) How will the meal be served? (Cocktail.Shower (wedding) 3-Baby shower 4-Retirement party 5. In order to insure that the party is a success.? Will you need to rent any special equipment? (Tables. park.LET’S HAVE A PARTY Tell the students that as part of a group.Dinner party Some things to consider: When are you going to have the party? (Day and time) Who is going to be invited? (Friends.Birthday party 2. they will be organizing a get together for friends. flowers. sit-down.. buffet) Who is going to decorate the place? (Streamers. photographer. gazebo. relatives and co-workers. hall. office) What kind of food and beverages are you going to serve? Who is going to prepare the food? (You. tablecloths. stripper. restaurant. or videographer? Are you going to offer presents? Will guests be bringing gifts? Where will they placed? Is anyone going to offer a toast? Will anyone be giving a speech? At what point during the celebration? Who will be responsible for cleaning up? . arbor) Will you play music? What kind? Who’s going to do it? Will there be any dancing? What kind? Will you hire a D. neighbors. chairs. club. magician.J.
INTO MUSIC What kind of music do you like to listen to? Does your musical taste change depending on your mood? Explain. how was it? What performer or band would you most like to see in concert? What was your impression of the music we just listened to? Could you understand the lyrics? Which song did you like the best? . When you are in a bad mood. Have you visited any of these establishments? Why do you think there are so many new jazz bars opening up? What is the attraction to these places? Do you like live performances? Have you been to any concerts? If so. Do you agree that people should boycott music that is offensive in nature? When you were younger what kind of music did you listen to? What singer or group were you crazy about as a teen-ager? Do you like traditional Tajik music? Why or why not? Do you pay much attention to the lyrics or are you more interested in the rhythm and melody when you listen to music? Do you like dance music? Do you ever go to a disco to watch people dance? What kind of English pop songs are you fond of? Do you ever sing them when you go to the singing room? Have you ever heard of Elvis Presley? Can you name one of his songs? How about the Beatles? There has been a sharp increase in the number of jazz bars in Dushanbe. do you listen to soft music or loud music? Why? Do you ever listen to classical or instrumental music to help you relax? Does music help you mellow out or to alleviate stress? What is your impression of rap music? In America there is a conservative movement that is pushing people to ban rap music because of its violent and sexual lyrics.
Partner’s full name: _____________________________________________________ Nickname: ____________________________________________________________ Birth date: _____________________________________________________________ Birthplace: ____________________________________________________________ Favorite book: _________________________________________________________ Favorite magazine: ______________________________________________________ Favorite television show: _________________________________________________ Favorite actor/actress: ____________________________________________________ Favorite singer: _________________________________________________________ Favorite song: __________________________________________________________ Favorite sport: __________________________________________________________ Favorite subject in school: ________________________________________________ Favorite food: __________________________________________________________ Favorite hobbies/pastimes: ________________________________________________ Favorite place: __________________________________________________________ Favorite saying: _________________________________________________________ Ambition in life: ________________________________________________________ Favorite family activity: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ .INTERVIEW FORM NAME: __________________________________________ DATE: _____________ Interview your partner to gather this information.
...WHY MIGHT YOU…….…….……...…….……. paint yourself green? 11-…… .……. stop talking for a day? 13-……. This is a good activity to have students practice the full conditional...……...…….. visit the Prime Minister/President? 19. pretend to be someone else? 5-……. go to live in another country? 12-……..…….……... go and live in a tree? 16.. ride an elephant? 17.. sleep all day? 18-…….……. set fire to your house? 9. take off your clothes in a public place? 6. eat a piece of paper? 14-……. Ex.: Why might you stand on your head? Response: If I were performing in a circus.stand on your head? .. cheat in an exam? 10. refuse to come to this class? 20-……. dye your hair green? 15-…….. jump out of the window? 2-…….. Suggest an unlikely action. deliberately break a glass? 4. jump off the top of a cliff? 8. and then ask students to imagine under what circumstances they might do it. steal money? 3. 1. drive a car on the wrong side of the road? 7-…….
When I told her the news.IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS USING COLORS Fill in the blank with the appropriate color from the list below.Can you lend me some money? I haven’t got a ____________ cent. we’re going to paint the town _____________! 19.I was tickled ______________ to find out about the new job. I was so scared that I looked ___________ around the gills. white green red gray black pink purple blue 1. Our business is going very well. He can’t find work because he was ____________balled.The airplane trip was terrible. They were _______ with rage when they were told the news. 12. 8. 15. I’ve never seen you so healthy. 5. You’re really in the __________ today. 20. Be careful with your opinions. she was absolutely ____________ with envy. What’s the matter? You look sort of _______________ today. His father is a real ___________neck. 3. Tonight. 17. Note that some of the colors may be used more than once. It was a real ______________-knuckle ride. We’re still in the _________________. so I told me boss a ________ lie. 2. He’s really stupid. It takes a long time to get a passport because of all the _____________ tape. 18. I didn’t want to go to work today.I got an invitation to the dinner out of the __________________. You should have heard how he swore up a ____________ streak. 16. Did you see how ____________faced he was? . You wouldn’t believe all the __________ elephants she has in her house. Your plants are beautiful! You must really have a ___________ thumb. 7. 9. 4. 13. 10. 14. I don’t think he has much ______________ matter. 11. 6.
g) as thin as a rail. a) as stubborn as a mule. e) as white as a ghost. .Leo will never change his mind.Pablo needs to go on a diet.I can’t see without my glasses. he’s 7. n) as red as a beet.Look at Angela all dressed up in her party dress. he’s 13-I have no responsibilities today. you need to eat more. d)as proud as a peacock. You’ve lost so much weight that you’re o) as blind as a bat.This bed is very uncomfortable.COMMON COMPARISONS – SIMILES Comparisons are often used in conversations. 1-You look very sick. Complete the meaning of the sentence on the right by choosing one of the comparisons on the left.Let’s ask Raul to help us move this heavy trunk. I’m 14. he’s 11. she looks 5. it’s 15.Lidia went out without her gloves. l) as hard as a rock.Rustam got perfect scores on all his exams. be 3. her hands were 12. m) as quiet as a mouse. I’m 8. he was 9-Carlos was so embarrassed when he spilled ink on Tara’s shirt. his face turned 10. i) as strong as an ox. c)as free as a bird.The baby is sleeping.I’ve heard that joke a hundred times. k)as old as the hills. f) as hungry as a bear. j) as pretty as a picture. he was 4. it’s 6.Javier hadn’t eaten all day. b) as cold as ice.Nurkys. h) as fat as a pig. you’re 2.
11. 8.Gently 8-Violently 9. 10. 13. 3.You are putting on a shirt. Variation: Assign both the mime and the adverb on a piece of paper.MIMES Divide the class into groups or teams.You are trying to catch a mosquito.You are climbing a tree.Slowly 2.You are waiting for the dentist. 4. The opposite team must guess what the action is.You are eating a very hot curry.Sleepily 10.You are crossing a very busy road. Assign each one of these actions to mime and have the opposite team choose the adverb of manner. The teams can vote on how successfully the representative from each team was in performing the action.Nervously 4-Heavily 5-Angrily 6-Lovingly 7. 5. 14. 9.You are cleaning a window.You are opening a can.You are acting in a Shakespeare play.You are watching a comedy on television.You are reading a very sad story. 7. ADVERBS OF MANNER: 1.You are making a cup of tea.Happily 3. 15.You are making a bed. If successful. 6. 1. 2.You are catching a ball.Tiredly . 12.You are changing a baby’s diaper. a point is gained for their team.
11.I wish there was an electric ________________________________________. Then I will __________________________ 5.I WISH …………………………………………. 17-I wish I could hear _______________________________________________. 14.I wish there was a law that said ________________________. 20.I wish I could see ___________________ because _____________________.I wish I never _________________________________________________. 2. 13.I wish to be a ______________________ in the future.I wish I looked like ______________________________ because _________________________________________________________.I wish I could touch ______________________________________________. Then I would _________________________________________________________. 3.I wish I had a million _________________. This would be a good law because________________________________. 16. 8. This person is special because ________________________________. 9. 7-I wish trees could ______________ because _________________________.I wish I could learn _____________________ because __________________. 15.I wish I had one chance to ____________ . Complete each sentence with your own words.I wish I could be like ___________________.I wish I had one __________________ because ______________________________________________________. 4. 19-I wish animals could _______________ because _______________________. 18-I wish I could give _______________________________________________.I wish I didn’t have to ___________________________________________.I wish I had enough money to ______________________________________.I wish I could go to ______________________________________________. 6-I wish I could forget the time I ________________________________ because __________________________________________________. 10. 12. 1.
did you ever have friends spend the night? Did you participate in any sports when you were young? Did you collect anything while growing up? What holiday season was the most special to you when you were growing up? Do you still live with your parents? Would you like to live on your own? .Growing Up Where did you grow up? Did you grow up in the same place that you were born? Did you get along with your brothers and sisters while growing up? Do you still stay in touch with the people you grew up with? How often do you visit them? Were you a good kid or were you a troublemaker in school? Did you ever get punished as a child? Did your parents have a tough time with you as a teenager? Did your parents ever ground you? Did you ever have a curfew? Did both your parents work while you were growing up? Would you raise your children the same way your parents raised you? Do you think it is easier for kids growing up now? What did you want to be when you were young? When did you consider yourself to be "grown up"? Did you have any pets as a child? Did you ever move when you were young? Where did you go for vacation when you were young? Do you remember the first vacation you didn't take with your parents? When you were growing up.
I want to be more knowledgeable about ____________________________________________. More than anything I want to _________________________________.GETTING TO KNOW YOU Fill in these questions with the first thing that comes to your mind. 15. No matter what. Who are three people you most admire? Why? What are their finest traits? __________________________. I want my children to think of me as ____________________________. If only I could _________________________________________. 16. The person I aspire to be like is ________________________. and which ones do you want to develop further_________________ . 5. The qualities of the person I aspire to become include ____________________________. 11. The types of books I like to read are ____________________________. I would feel great. 2. 14. I wish I understood why ________________________________________________________. 12. 7. I feel like my life is meaningful when ___________________________. I plan to __________________________________. 8. 13. 4. I don’t know why _____________________________________________________________. I want to be more skillful at ______________________________________________________. 3. Ideas about _______________________________________ keep tunneling through my mind. I would like to know how to _____________________________________________________. 9. 6. 10. 1. Which of their traits do you already have.
FUTURE PLANS Don’t forget follow-up questions . What are you going to do with it? Where are you going to go on your next vacation? Who are you going to go with? What are you going to do there? Where are you going to live in the future? Why? What kind of job will you have? When are you going to get married? What kind of person are you going to marry? Are you going to have children? How many do you plan on having? What are you going to do when you get old? Where will you live? What are you going to do on your next birthday? Where are you going to eat for lunch today (tomorrow)? What are you going to have? Do you plan to travel to a foreign country? Which country are you going to travel to? What do you plan to do there? Do you plan to work for a big company or a small one? Why? What will you do if you learn to speak perfect English? .What? Where? When? Who? Why? How? What are you going to do after this class? What are you going to do tonight? Who will you be with? Do you have any plans for this weekend? What do you want to do? Imagine your teacher just gave you one million som.
can name five things you can drink C_______________ ___________________________________ 3. knows who would use a briefcase a whistle _____________________________ 8. can say which sport uses a racket ____________________________________ 19. can name two fruits that begin with P ______________________________ 11.. knows what you would keep in a wardrobe __________________________________ 2. knows a synonym for unhappy s __________________ start b__________________ depart l__________________ 15. knows the opposite of rich ___________ deep___________ heavy__________ 4. can name five verbs that begin with t ____________________________________ 20. can name five wild animals ____________________________________ 16.knows what animal lives in a kennel a nest 9. can name five adjectives that begin with s. can name five things you can eat ____________________________________ 14. 1.FIND SOMEONE WHO….knows how many there are in a dozen__________________________ 13. Knows how many eyes you close when you blink. ______________________________ 7. can name three things worn only by men ___________________________ women_________________________ ____________________________________ 18. can name two things found in the kitchen bathroom bedroom ________________ . can name four insects ____________________________________ 17. __________________________________ 5.knows what you buy at a florist’s an ironmonger’s __________________________ 6. can think of at least three words that rhyme with buy ___________________________ 10.can name two vegetables that begin with 12.
…has a cellular phone.Find out if your partner… …is an only child. …can say “I love you” in French. …uses the Internet. …has more than six pairs of shoes. …is married. …knows where the teacher was born. …likes to eat out. …likes to travel. …can ski. . …is a good cook. …can swim. …takes the bus/trolley/marshrutka to school. …is employed. …is a good dancer.
GESTURES AND COMMANDS – BODY LANGUAGE COMMAND Blow a kiss Cross your fingers Cut your eyes at someone Do a curtsy Flutter your eyelids Frown Kneel Make a face Make a wish Place your notebook on your lap Show approval Show disapproval Snap your fingers Squat on the ground Stand on your tiptoes Take a bow Turn around Whistle your favorite song Wink at someone Roll your eyes Shake your fist Stomp your feet Click your tongue MEANING COMMAND Clap your hands Rub your chin Pop your eyes Twiddle your thumbs Shrug your shoulders Pat someone in the back Cup your ears Clench your fist Take an oath Slap both sides of your head Shush someone Indicate there’s too much noise Drop your jaw in surprise Demonstrate you’re ashamed of something Nod your head Shake your head Silence someone Tell someone to stop doing something Demonstrate you’re very nervous Wring your hands Scratch your head rub your palms Drum your fingers MEANING .
Patton Charlton Heston Albert Einstein Madonna Winston Churchill Pablo Picasso John F.FAMOUS PEOPLE TO TALK ABOUT Students select a famous person to do research about their lives and then present a short talk on it. Jr. Napoleon Bonaparte Haile Selaisse Thomas Edison Walt Disney Mahatma Gandhi Elvis Presley Charles de Gaulle Toni Morrison Jean Paul Sartre Mark Twain Leo Tolstoy Woody Allen Gabriel Garcia Marquez Oscar Wilde Fidel Castro Frank Lloyd Wright FAMOUS PERSON Nelson Mandela Ernest Hemingway Charlie Chaplin Eva Peron Abraham Lincoln Pele Carl Sagan John Lennon Alexander Graham Bell Albert Hitchcock Marie Curie Simone de Beauvoir Michelangelo Ernesto “Che” Guevara Hillary Clinton . Kennedy Muhammad Ali Thomas Jefferson Martin Luther King. Teachers should add the names of famous people in their local culture to the list. FAMOUS PERSON Golda Meir George S.
add names from their own countries to make the game more interesting. Batman and Robin Rodgers and Hammerstein Ken and Barbie Jack and Jill Romulus and Remus Simon and Garfunkel Romeo and Juliet Don Quijote and Sancho Panza Adam and Eve Sylvester and Tweedy Bird Beevis and Butthead Ernie and Bert Cain and Abel Ben and Jerry Juan Carlos and Sofia Mickey and Minnie Popeye and Olive Oyl King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Dagwood and Veronica Jekyll and Hyde Anthony and Cleopatra Rocky and Bullwinkle Laurel and Hardy Ozzie and Harriet Amos and Andy Will and Grace Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn Mork and Mindy Lewis and Clark Thelma and Louise Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Lancelot and Guinevere Bonnie and Clyde Hansel and Gretel Dick and Jane Samson and Delilah Flora and Fauna David and Goliath .FAMOUS PAIRS Write the name of each person on a different slip of paper and have students find their partner for different activities. Select those names students are more likely to recognize in their culture. In addition.
Health Consciousness Discuss with your partner(s) the following topics concerning health. whether or not you feel you following a healthy lifestyle whether or not you feel you are physically fit the type of exercise you do on a regular basis whether or not you maintain a balanced diet how often you consider nourishment when choosing something to eat whether or not you eat a lot of junk food whether or not you have a sweet tooth any diets you have ever tried any diet plans you know to be effective whether or not you smoke or have ever smoked the ill effects caused by smoking whether or not you regularly consume alcohol the positive and negative effects of drinking whether or not you have ever been hospitalized any surgery you may have had any scar you may have and the stories behind them any causes of stress in your life methods that effectively alleviate stress any types of illness that run in your family the average life expectancy of men and women in your family the most common types of ailments in Ukrainian society the possible causes of these ailments .
How do you decide which books to read? 7.In general. Have you ever reread a book? If so. a) How many books would you say you owned? ________________ b) How many books would you say are in your house? ___________ c) How many magazines do you or your family subscribes to? __________ d) How many books would say you’ve read in the last twelve months? _____ 2. 9. Why do people read? List as many reasons as you can think of. Do you subscribe to a trade magazine? Which one? 11. Who are your favorite authors? List as many as you’d like. How did you learn to read? 3. What does someone have to do in order to be a good reader? 5.. I you had to guess….What kinds of books do you like to read? 6. can you name it or them here. 4. Do you read to a daily newspaper? 12.READING SURVEY NAME: ___________________________________ DATE: __________________ 1. 8. how do feel about reading? . How often do you read at home? 10.
have more patience.. ..live in a different house.....be incredibly rich.....get married next year..... ....travel around the world..own a motorcycle. .. . MY BIG DREAM IS TO.. . ....sleep until noon every day.. . ...... ..... ..be better organized.be a martial arts master.own a Rolls Royce. ..be truly free.have a satisfying job.have political power...be an artist.have more friends.. . . .have a better love life. .have my own business. I REALLY HAVE NO DESIRE TO.have more free time.be sixteen years old again.be physically fit. .. I WISH I COULD..live to be 100. .. .... .speak fluent English.. ...... ... ... . ... .Hopes and Dreams I HOPE TO..have a lot of children.be a famous celebrity.. .pass this class.
You want to show them places that you feel will give them a balanced impression of your people and country. the delegation will only be in your area for three days and you cannot show them everything. From the following list select ten places that the delegation should go and see and put them in order of importance. Unfortunately.TOUR GUIDE Imagine that you have to work out a guided tour for a foreign delegation visiting your country. Explain the significance of each site in order to justify its inclusion on the list a hospital a home for mentally handicapped children a coal mine a nice bar a cemetery an art gallery a botanical garden some examples of modern architecture a shopping center a football stadium a farm a safari park a poor housing area a TV studio a town hall a secondary school a historical museum a medieval castle a university an airport a water reservoir a steel factory a nature reserve a library a nursing home .
Due to concerns about rising birth rates. Adolescents under 18 should have a curfew of no later than midnight. Parents should never quarrel in front of their children. . Boys and girls should be brought up in the same way—without defined gender roles. couples should limit themselves to two children. It is an offspring’s duty to look after his or her parents when they get old. The best way to punish children is to take away some of their privileges.Children and Parents Young children should be taught to obey their parents without question. Mothers shouldn’t work outside of the house if there are small children to be brought up. especially during one’s formative years. There is nothing strange or irresponsible about electing not to have children after marriage. It is an advantage to be an only child. Most men would prefer to have a son as their first child. Having children out of wedlock is both shameful and immoral. Parents should never strike their children.
What sorts of things do women usually talk about among themselves? 6. Do you feel that it is acceptable for a woman to ask a man out on a date? Is this common in Kyrgyz society? Why or why not? 10. How has life changed for women since the time of Jane Austin? 2. in what ways are girls and boys expected to act differently? 3. Why do you think it is that so many foreign men come to Kyrgyzstan in search of brides? What do they think they can find here that they cannot find at home? What are your feelings about this? . why do you think this is? 5. cleaning.MODERN DAY WOMEN 1. and changing diapers? 11. What kinds of chores are girls generally expected to do and what kind of chores are boys usually expected to do? 4. A man’s home is his castle. women more by what they hear. Do you feel that women always have the same freedoms and opportunities as men in Kyrgyz society? Be sure to consider roles in the following areas: government the work place wages the household 8. Are female students at the university ever asked to do things that male students are not? 9. Are teenage boys often given more freedom than teenage girls? If so. Most men never grow up. Give your thoughts on the following: A woman’s place is in the home. As children are growing up. 12. What sorts of things do men usually talk about among themselves? 7. Should married men be expected to help out with domestic chores such as cooking. Men are attracted by what they see.
I really blew it this time. Take a look at the sentences below and match them to one of the moods in the box that follows. I’m on cloud nine. He’s all bent out of shape. We’re back on speaking term. __________ 3. _______________ 20.EXPRESSING OUR MOODS There many idiomatic expressions in English that are used to indicate how a person is feeling at a particular moment. ___________ 6. I’m walking on air. ___________ 14. _____________ 11. _____________ 13. _____________ 4. _____________ . __________ 19. _________ 12. _______________ 2. Friction 4. The crowd went ballistics when the concert was canceled. I haven’t got a care in the world. I feel like a million dollar. The report put his nose out of joint. They have kissed and made up. ___________ 8. If he doesn’t arrive in time. Bad mood 3. I feel really rough. 1. ____________ 10. ______________ 18. ____________ 9. Sorting things out. ______________ 5. That’s water under the bridge now. Chill out! It is not so bad after all. You look like death warmed over. I’ve had the day from hell. 1. I’m on my last legs. ____________ 7. I’m on top of the world. They are at each other’s throat again. I’m going to freak out. ____________ 15. _________ 17. She’s all ticked off. ___________ 16. Good mood 2.
You Can’t Live With Them. describe your ideal partner. Remember to ask follow-up questions and elaborate on your answers.) How much might your parents influence your choice of a marriage partner? What is the best age for marriage? Is there any age when marriage becomes more unlikely? What may be some ideal honeymoon location What factors do you feel might contribute to a long and successful relationship? . Just for fun. You Can’t Live Without Them Discuss the following with your partners. At what age (if ever) did you first fall in love? Do you feel that people end up being ‘steady’ with someone because they tend to see things eye to eye and share common interests. or do you feel more that opposites attract? What kind of things tend to make people fall out with each other? Is marriage necessary for a happy and fulfilling life? (Consider the pros and cons of being married as opposed to being single.
If you could go on a holiday (vacation) anywhere in the world. Would you like to take a vacation lying around on the beach? Why or why not? 6. 11. Name all the different ways one could travel. Some women take vacations to lose weight? Would you do this? 7. 10. 9.” Do you agree or disagree? Explain. Who do you like to travel with? Why? 12. Do you sunbathe? Why or why not? 5.” Do you agree or disagree? Explain. 13. 2. What is your favorite way to travel? 4. Air travel is more exciting than sea travel. Do you agree or disagree? Explain. “Traveling on foot is exhausting and gets you nowhere. 8. Have you ever taken a trip to the mountains? How did you get there? Explain what you did that day. What is the worst trip you’ve ever taken? . where would you go and why? 3. Name the ways you have not traveled. Would you like to travel to see scenery or famous spots? Explain. Have you traveled outside of Kyrgyzstan? Where did you go? 14. “Traveling is a pleasure in itself. 15.ALL ABOUT TRAVELING 1.
The Best and Worst In your opinion… what was the best movie ever made? what is the worst program currently on television? what is the most difficult part of being a student? what is the best age at which to get married? what is the best job a woman/a man can have? where is the best place to go for a nice meal? what is the most dangerous area of the city? what is the best thing about living in Bishkek? what is the worst thing about living in Bishkek? what is the best way to strike it rich? .
With your partner. tell the class exactly what you did and how much you spent on each part of your tour. entertainment. and sightseeing. The airlines gives you and your partner $200. . food. decide how you are going to spend the money including how much will go for transportation.00 each to spend as you would like while you tour the city and its major attractions. At the end.A DAY TRIP TO NEW YORK CITY Imagine that you are traveling to Europe and your flight makes a stopover in New York City. Your connecting flight departs twelve (12) hours later.
.was? the best new song of the past year the best movie during the last twelve months the best new fashion of the past year the most important event of this century the worst song of the past ten years the most useful invention of this century the biggest change in Kyrgyzstan this past decade the strangest event of the past year the worst TV program of the past five years the worst place to live in Kyrgyzstan the worst natural disaster that ever happened in Kyrgyzstan the funniest thing that ever happened in this class the best way to get a husband or wife the best way to get rich quick the most serious social problem in Kyrgyzstan today the biggest difference between today’s generations the worst experience that you have ever had the most unusual thing that you have ever seen the worst man-made disaster that ever happened in Kyrgyzstan ............ what was..........? What do you think .Best and Worst In your opinion.
how? What would you do if you found sexually explicit magazines hidden away in your teenager's room? What do you think about pre-marital sex? Should people save themselves for marriage? Is this more difficult for young men than it is for women? What do you think about young people's more liberated sexual attitudes? Do you feel that this new attitude could eventually wear away at the traditional morals of Kyrgyz society? Do you think that AIDS will ever become as big of a problem in Kyrgyzstan as it is in some foreign societies? How might this be prevented? . magazines. and videos? If so.THE BIRDS AND THE BEES Should sex education be expanded in the schools? Do you believe that government should be allowed to censor the sexual content of books. movies. how much? Should there be special programs on television or radio for people to talk about sexual issues? Will you teach your children the facts of life? If so.
Eating Habits (A) How healthy do you consider your diet to be? What do you usually have for breakfast? What did you have for dinner last night? What kinds of food do you try to avoid? Do you consume much junk food? What is your favorite type of ethnic food? Do you consider yourself a good cook? Do you ever indulge in late-night snacks? What food or drink do you consider to be medicinal? Are you big on sweets? What is the most disgusting thing you have seen someone eat? .
pasta. or carbohydrates such as bread. vegetables and fruit. milk and dairy products. and potatoes? Where do you usually eat lunch? What do you like for a snack? How often do you eat out? How often do you drink beer or wine with your meal? How concerned are you about additives in your food? Do you often overeat? In which ways do you think you could improve your diet? What kind of food might be good for a hangover? What is the hottest and spiciest food you have ever tried? Is there any dish that you have never tried but would like to? .Eating Habits (B) Which of the following makes up the biggest part of your diet: meat and poultry.
. I _________________________ having my picture taken. I _________________________ getting dressed up. I _________________________ going on blind dates. I _________________________ listening to classical music. I __________________________ getting my hair cut. I _________________________ reading novels. I _________________________ shooting pool. I __________________________ going to parties. I _________________________ visiting museums.DOING THINGS Love really enjoy like don’t really care for can’t stand and hate I _________________________ going out dancing. I _________________________ taking care of children. I _________________________ debating politics. I _________________________ cooking for other people. I _________________________ getting up early. I _________________________ going to the dentist. I __________________________ traveling to foreign lands. I _________________________ making presentations. I__________________________ being the center of attention. I _________________________ spending time on my own. I _________________________ meeting new people.
compare and contrast your list with your partner's. () I've Never Been Drunk () I've Never Kissed A Member Of The Opposite Sex () I've Never Kissed A Member Of The Same Sex () I've Never Crashed A Friend's Car () I've Never Gone Past "Second Base" at a movie theater () I've Never Been In A Taxi () I've Never Been In Love ( ) I've never dumped someone ( ) I've Never Been Dumped ( ) I've Never Shoplifted ( ) I've Never Been Fired (just laid off) ( ) I've Never Been In A Fist Fight () I've Never Snuck Out Of My Parent's House ( ) I've Never Been Tied Up () I've Never Regretted Having Sex With Someone ( ) I've Never Been Arrested ( ) I've Never had a one night stand .I’ve never …………………………… Place an X next to the sentence that applies to you. Next.
.....( ) I've Never Made Out With A Stranger ( ) I've Never Stolen Something From My Job.do pens count? lol ( ) I've Never Celebrated New Years In Time Square () I've Never Gone On A Blind Date ( ) I've Never Lied To A Friend ( ) I've Never Had A Crush On A Teacher ( ) I've Never Celebrated Mardi-Gras In New Orleans ( ) I've Never Been To Europe ( ) I've Never Skipped School ( ) I've Never Slept With A Co-Worker ( ) I've Never Been Married ( ) I've Never Been Divorced ( ) I've Never Posed Nude ( ) I've Never Thrown Up In A Bar ( ) I've Never Eaten Sushi ( ) I've Never Been Snowboarding ..
ANIMATED ANIMALS In English the names of many animals can also be used as verbs. to treat as an object of great interest or importance We often ______ great heroes. Match the animal verbs in Column A with their corresponding correct definitions in Column B.to wolf down . to annoy You’re a nuisance. tamper with I told you not to __________ around today.to dog 8. i. to worry as if pursued by canines. d. scare.to horse around 10.to cow B a.to buck 4. to bother. 6. speaking of their deeds. to sustain. to store up for future use We need to ______ away some money for a rainy day. to throw off as a horse might do to a rider They decided to ______ the trend and do it differently. to gorge oneself Whenever they eat. to fool around. He would ______________ his friends. they _____ out. to hunt or track like a hound They will ___________ the opposition until they win. o. to engage in rough or boisterous play Her mother told her not _________ around any more.to rat on 14. to put up with I could not ____________ how she cried so much. n. to eat greedily. talking soothingly.to badger 2. to eat greedily. to annoy persistently He used to ________ the teacher to increase his score. c. b. devour Have you ever seen the way he ______ down his food? m.to lionize 11. to move or react jerkily. to court favor by cringing or flattering manner Women often ___________ over small babies. No manners at all. to frighten with threats. to stretch one’s neck out for a better view She had to _______ her neck to see over the crowd.to crane 7. to tattle on someone She’ll sometimes _____ on her friends. to tolerate. k. to act in a mischievous manner. to support the weight of. j.to pig out 13. To harass. trifle. please don’t ________me anymore.to monkey around 12. l.to squirrel away 15. to show affection. e. Be serious! f. to report someone’s bad behavior. or bully.to bear 3.to fawn over 9. A 1. g. h. Don’t trust her.to bug 5.
PARENT POWER WHEN YOU WERE A CHILD: were you sent to bed at a certain time? were you allowed to watch as much TV as you liked? were you made to do your homework every night? were you allowed to eat as many sweets as you liked? were you bought a lot of toys? were you ever smacked? AS A UNIVERSITY STUDENT: are you allowed to wear what you like? are you given a certain time to be in every night? are you allowed to go out as often as you like? are you allowed to use the family car? are you given a large allowance? are you made to help with the housework? .
etc. or any other crazy color? Describe your feelings towards tattoos. green. Do you think that wearing uniforms to school is a good idea? At what age should young adults leave home? What would you do if your teenage son or daughter shaved his or her head? How common is swearing among young people in Kyrgyz society? What do you think about music videos today? What do you think parents can do to help teenagers avoid depression? Do you believe in anti-depression drugs? Do you think teenagers today have it 'too easy'? Do you have strict or lenient parents? Why do you say that? Do teenagers in your country often problems with drugs or alcohol? What can you do to keep your teenager away from drugs and alcohol? Is teenage suicide a problem? What is the most important thing a parent can do for a teenager? At what age should a teenage girl have her first serious boyfriend? How old were you when you had your first serious relationship? What can society do to help teenagers who have problems at home? Is teenage pregnancy a problem here? Do you think that advertising plays an important role in how teenagers think? Should teenagers work? Why or why not? .)? Do you think behavior has changed in recent generations? Should teens be able to dye their hair blue.ADOLESCENCE Do you think teenagers today show more respect for adults (teachers. parents.
10. but they had to finish a project. Get scared and change one’s mind 12. Able to remember everything. coke and candy. ___ m) Whenever I have to speak in front of a large crowd of people. but I was smarter once 11. 5. What a cold fish! _________ d) Will you stop telling me to clean up my room? I heard you the first time. _____________ g) Don’t forget your umbrella. He has a bird’s-eye view of the park. Stop annoying me! one time (usually low in too many parties . 7. Don’t bug me! _______________ e) When Joe was in college he loved to drink a lot and stay out late at all the parties. By a good margin 14. A good view from high 3. a promiscuous man 13. It’s very wet outside. Able to overhear something 9. ____ b) Jack was about to marry Jane. Get two things done at 8. What a rat!__________________ l) Jason got an apartment on the thirtieth floor. ____________ p) Sue is going to tell her boss that she’s going to quit. Eat a lot of food at nutrition) 2. ____________ h) The salesman told me that this was the best buy! But I found out I could buy the same thing at a much lower price. he hardly talked to me. but at the last minute he chickened out. He was really a party animal! ____________ f) When Beth and Ann spent the weekend together. I get butterflies in my stomach. They killed two birds with one stone by working on the project at dinner. a) John wasn’t surprised at his surprise party. He was sure he was above 6. He has the memory of an elephant! ___________ j) Holy cow! Did you see how fast that horse ran? He won the race by a mile! _______ k) Paul is married and has a girlfriend. pouring 4. Tell a secret 16. Read each sentence and place the number of its appropriate definition on the blank line. they went off their diets and pigged out on pizza. To get very nervous smart.ANIMAL IDIOMS Here are some common expressions using animals. That’s a fishy story! ___________ o) Andrew and Erika were very hungry. ________ c) When I introduced myself to the new student. Difficult to believe. Someone who attends 15. I’d like to be a fly on the wall when that happens! ____________ Answers: 1. An unfriendly person. because Sue let the cat out of the bag. ________________ n) John told me that he had found three hundred dollars in the street. It’s raining cats and dogs. I outfoxed him!_____________ i) He recognized it immediately.
What would happen if. What would happen if the price of gasoline was raised 300%? What would happen if the price of cigarettes was raised 300%? What would happen if all the insects of the world died? What would happen if the polar ice cap melted? What would happen if the all tests were scrapped? What would happen if the drinking age was lowered to 14? What would happen if there was no rain for five years? What would happen if the speed limit was 250 km/h? What would happen if your country had a one-child policy like China? What would happen if college were made free for everybody? What would happen if students elected their teachers? What would happen if aliens landed in your country? What would happen if a mad cow were discovered in your town? . . With your partner decide what would happen if these events happened? Also decide whether or not you think it’s a good idea or a bad idea. .
or will you move next year? a) permanently b) temporarily 6. I didn’t understand the movie all the way. a) stay awake b) look for 7. This job is not very interesting. Are you planning to live in this house for good. a) for a long time b) for now 4. Do your homework right away when you get home. I hope something opens up soon. a) gets bigger b) becomes available 8. but later it is easier. If you see a nice shirt on sale you should grab it. a) don’t have b) want to see 10. . a) soon b) immediately 12. a) approximately b) exactly 2. a) acceptable b) unacceptable 3. 1. It’s very busy downtown today.USING IDIOMS Find the correct meaning for each idiom. but it’s all right. This apartment is small. a) all the time b) in the beginning 11. I live close to the bus stop. a) try it on b) buy it 9. I moved to a new country. Keep your eyes open for a parking space. but at least I understood part of it. Learning a new language is difficult at first. Then you can watch TV. I live right on the corner of Yates and Pine. I need a larger apartment. but I’ll stay here for the time being. a) near b) far 5. I really miss my old friends.
I may be coming down with the flu. a) at this time b) soon 19. I like that TV show. a) very fast b) very slowly . When you are tired or sick. She’s under the weather today. Please don’t be late. a) sometimes b) very often 14. a) get colds b) are cold 17. a) exactly b) approximately 24. What’s the matter? You don’t look well. you should take it easy. you should go to the doctor and get a check-up. The bus is late today. It’s busy downtown. When you are sick. a) medicine b) examination 23. The show starts at 7:00 sharp. a) getting b) not getting 22. In winter many people catch cold. Everyone is in a hurry. a) What’s the problem? b) What do you think? 16.a) at the minimum b) all together 13. a) feeling cold b) feeling sick 21. I watch it all the time. It should be here by now. a) do an easy job b) relax and rest 20. a) moving slowly b) moving quickly 15. Julie has a cold. Tickets to the summer blockbuster movies are selling like hotcakes. a) touch b) recover 18. This medicine should help you feel better soon. I don’t feel well.
by whom? . or wear their hair as they please)? Do you think you will choose to send your children to a sexually segregated high school or one that is co-educational? Do you feel that teenagers should at some point be taught "the facts of life"? If so. knives. get their ears pierced.CHILDREN AND GROWING UP to be raised to influence co-education to discipline to spank to ground to take lessons the facts of life CONCERNING YOUR CHILDHOOD: Where were you raised? What activities did you enjoy doing with your friends? Did you ever take lessons of any kind? What did you want to be someday? Did you enjoy your elementary/middle/high school days? Did any teacher leave a lasting influence on you? CONCERNING YOUR CHILDREN: How will you discipline your children? Do you feel that it is ever necessary for parents or teachers to physically discipline children? Should children be allowed to play with toy guns. etcetera? Should children be permitted to watch as much television as they feel like? Do you believe that high school students should be able to express themselves freely in dress and appearance (for example. tanks. wear make-up.
1The “cream of the crop” means it is_______________________.FOOD IDIOMS For each idiom. you are ____________ something. select the phrase that has the same meaning. a) concisely b) it is finished 8- “In the soup” means __________________________. a) answers itself b) is difficult to settle 10- If you eat “humble pie” you ___________________________. a) panicked b) cool 5- If you have “your finger in the pie”. you are _____________________. it is ___________________. it is _________________________. a) having buns for dinner b) going to have a baby . a) easy b) difficult 12- If your wife says: “We have a bun in the oven”. a) encourage b) discourage 3- If it’s “just your cup of tea”. a) the worst 2b) the best To “egg on” means to ______________________________. a) in serious trouble b) having a good time 9- “A hot potato” is a question which _____________________. a) perfect b) wrong 4- If you are “cool as cucumber ”. she is ______________. a) involved b) disinterested 6- “Use your noodle” means _____________________. a) act b) think 7- “In a nutshell” means _________________________. a) accept shame b) are defensive 11- If something is “a piece of cake”.
VICES SMOKING SLOTHFULNESS GAMBLING GLUTTONY PHILANDERING SUBSTANCE ABUSE Do you have any vices? Do you ever worry about second-hand smoke? Do you think all restaurants should have a non-smoking area? Should smoking be permitted in bathrooms? Do you feel that the government is doing enough to educate people on the dangers of smoking? Have you ever won much money gambling? Do you feel that social gambling is a problem or just a harmless pastime? Should casinos like the one in the Hyatt Hotel be restricted to foreigners or open to Kyrgyz as well? Do you think that public drunkenness is a problem in Kyrgyzstan? Do you feel there is more pressure to drink heavily in Kyrgyzstan than in other societies? Do you ever feel compelled to drink beyond 'your limit'? Have you ever known anyone or seen anyone who did drugs? Do you think that drug abuse will ever be as prevalent and problematic here as it is starting to be in other countries? What are your feelings towards womanizers? Have you ever met anyone (male or female) that you felt to be a real philanderer? How widespread is prostitution in Kyrgyzstan? Do you think it should be eradicated or simply tolerated? How do you feel about the system in The Netherlands where it is both legalized and government controlled? Could such a system work here? What are your thoughts about cabarets? Are they simply establishments for dance and music or are they actually for something more sinister? Should women be allowed such release or should the government crackdown harder on these places of ill-repute? .
Which is most difficult to………….? a) to give or take? b) to listen or talk? c) to praise or criticize? d) speak in public or confide in private? 7. Which is most difficult to……….? a) a secret? b) a vow? c) one’s health? d) youth? e) principles? 10.? a) a newspaper? b) a novel c) poetry? d) a religious text? 8...? a) friendship or love? b) happiness or wealth? c) intelligence or d) a successful marriage or a successful career? 9. prepare to share your preferences.? a) intelligence? b) interest? c) laughter? d) surprise? . Which is most difficult to…………. Which is most difficult to………. Which is most difficult to………….DILEMMAS Complete the following questions by choosing one of the verbs in the boxes below.? a) a parent or a child? b) a teacher or a student? c) a man or a woman? 6. Which is most difficult to…………. Which is most difficult to…………? a) to ride a bike? b) to swim? c) to drive? d) to use a computer? 2. Which is most difficult to…………? a) rejection in love? b) loss of possessions through an earthquake? c) never having one’s prayers answered? d) death of a close relative or friend? 4. Which is most difficult to………. 1. read fake (show) follow acquire or achieve obey keep learn do be accept Once you have answered the questions.? a) religious laws or state laws? b) your consciousness or your desires? c) your parents or your teachers? 5. Which is most difficult to…………? a) an instruction manual? b) a recipe? c) a road map? d) your teacher’s explanation? 3.
Describe your ideal man/woman. 12.Do you feel that a discotheque is a good place to go on a first date? Why or why not? 5. do you feel one should "play the field".Do you prefer to go Dutch? If not. both his/her physical features and personality traits.DATING to date to go Dutch to be stood up blind date steady boyfriend/girlfriend personality traits 1. how long would you be willing to wait? What would you do if you were stood up? 9. or is it better to stay with one steady boyfriend/girlfriend? 11. who should pay? 4. If your date was late in arriving at your arranged meeting place. Men: Would you go on a date with an older woman? Women: Would you go on a date with a younger man? 6. Before getting married. . Have you ever been on a blind date? What happened? Do you feel that this is a good way to meet someone? 2. Would you ever kiss someone on a first date? 10. At what age do you believe people should start dating? 3. Describe your idea of a perfect date (give details from beginning to end). Would you ever consider dating a foreigner? 8. Would you go on a date with someone who is not as educated as you? How about someone from the countryside? 7.People in the West generally start dating at a much earlier age than those in the East.
Abortion is a personal decision. Immigration to the United States should be open and unlimited. No family should have more than two children. 20. 15. People should not marry until they are at least twenty-five years old. All nuclear weapons in the possession of any nation should be eliminated. Terminally. It makes people stupid. 4. Capital punishment should be abolished in the United States. 16. 8. People of different religions should not marry. 14. All drunk drivers should be sent to jail. Marijuana should be legal and packaged commercially. 2. The law and the church should stay out of it. Violence on television influences people to act violently.V.ill people should be free to end their lives with the help of their physicians. 7. 17. 6. High school cafeterias should not be allowed to sell junk food. 5. 12. All homosexuals should go to jail. is a total waste of time. National pride is ridiculous. 10. Child molesters should be banned from society. T. 18. 3. Homosexuality is immoral. . The United Nations is a productive and essential organization. Cigarette smoking should be banned from all public places.Parents should allow their teenager children to wear their hair any way they like and allow them to dress any way they like. 19. All borders and boundaries should be abolished.CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENT / DEBATE TOPICS 1. 9. All people of the world should speak the same language. 13. 11.
guilt trip him/her. Nastya (age 12) was caught smoking in the bathroom. Alona (age 4) throws temper tantrums when she doesn't get what she wants. let it slide. Tanya (age 13) took some money from her mother's purse. I would (probably). Oleg (age 11) doesn’t do his homework. have him/her do extra chores. confine him/her to his room. cut off his/her allowance. make him/her apologize. . ground him/her. Andrew (age 6) avoids eating anything healthy.PARENTAL PUNISHMENT In this situation. prefers junk food. Igor (age 7) punched another boy in the nose. give him/her the silent treatment. give him/her a good spanking. Alina (age 16) stumbled home drunk. Sergey (age 13) was seen making out with some wild-looking boy. scold him/her. Katya (age 10) talks back to her parents. give him/her a whipping. David (age 5) stole a candy bar from a grocery store. Pierre (age 9) threw a rock through a neighbor's window. Slava (age 8) got caught with a Playboy magazine.. express disappointment.. Alexander (age 14) never does his chores. (other) Vladimir (age 9) refuses to take the garbage out. Svetlana (age 15) came home well past her curfew. take away some of his/her privileges.
16. They have finished.Is not that your car? . I cannot swim. I am not sorry. How’s everything? There’s the phone. Affirmative contractions: Pronoun + ‘M. The door will not close. It is not cold today.We will tell you tomorrow. I wish you would stop.Do you not like this? 10. but unusual in formal writing. 7. Here’s your money. The contraction ‘re. ‘LL I am> I’m we are > we’re she is > she’s he has> he’s I have > I’ve you had >you’d you would > you’d they will > they’ll Negative contractions: Auxiliary verb / BE + N’T are not >aren’t shall not > shan’t is not > isn’t would not > wouldn’t have not > haven’t should not > shouldn’t has not > hasn’t cannot > can’t had not> hadn’t could not > couldn’t do not>don’t might not > mightn’t does not > doesn’t must not > mustn’t did not > didn’t ought not > oughtn’t will not > won’t need not needn’t With be. 3. ‘d and ‘ll are normally only written after pronouns. 12. the forms with n’t are more common. 17. question words. aren’t I? But I’m not ready. My car has broken down. ‘D. They are common and correct in informal writing. 13. It’s late. You need not worry. nouns. Rewrite these sentences using contractions. Am not is only contracted to aren’t in questions: I’m late. isn’t or don’t represent the pronunciation of informal speech. 1.She has forgotten. 4. 15. With other verbs. 11. I am tired. she’s not or she isn’t. It does not matter. I thought you had left. 2.Nobody is perfect. ‘ve. The contraction ‘s (=is or has) can be written after pronouns. 5. How is your mother? 18. 14. 20.She is French. two negative forms are common: you’re not or you aren’t. ‘S. ‘RE. etc. 6. Your father’s gone home. 8.CONTRACTIONS Contractions like she’s. 19. there and here. I have not forgotten.Why are not in bed? 9.
•It is important for a woman to remain physically attractive to her husband. •Men are attracted by what they see. •It is the man and not the woman who should be the primary breadwinner. and asking for and giving information. it is sometimes okay to flirt with people other than your spouse. • It is much more difficult for a man to be faithful in a marriage than it is for a woman. •Women talk a lot. • Most men never grow up. •In general. men should always pay for women on dates. • Women are too emotional to be truly effective leaders. . •Women are seldom logical. expressing agreement or disagreement. • Because of their traditional role in society. • After marriage. women are attracted by what they hear. but often have little to say. men make much better drivers than women. • Men and women think alike. • Women are able to express their inner feelings much easier than men. interrupting.BATTLE OF THE SEXES Discuss the following using appropriate methods of giving your opinions.
If a witch points at you. 4. you will get a lot of money. 16. 19. you’ll have bad luck. you will give money away.If you sleep on a table. you will have bad luck. If you find a rabbit’s food. 3.COMMON SUPERSTITIONS Here are some common superstitions that many people in the United States still believe.If you rock an empty rocking chair. 2. If you see a small spider. 1. If a black cat crosses your path.If you break a mirror. If you scratch your left hand. your good luck will continue. 18. If a girl catches the bride’s bouquet after a wedding. she will be the next one to marry. a friend will die. 17. you’ll have good luck all day long. . If you find a penny and pick it up. Compare them to the common superstitions in your own country. If you talk of the Devil. 11. you will have bad luck. If you chase someone with a broom. you’ll make a trip. 12. 6. If you cross your fingers as you make a wish. it will bring you good luck. If the bottom of your feet itch. 8. If you walk under a ladder. If a black cat crosses your path. you’ll have bad luck. you’ll have bad luck. If you touch wood. If you hear an owl in the night. you will die. 7. 10. 15. 5. it’ll bring you bad luck. 14. he will appear. 13. 9.If you refuse a kiss under the mistletoe. you will have seven years of bad luck. the wish will come true. it’ll bring you bad luck. it’ll bring you bad luck. 20. 5. If you open an umbrella inside the house.
)? Do you feel it is proper for middle-aged or elderly people to dress in modern clothing. middle-aged. how different aged people dress. hair transplants.AGE 0 1 12 adolescence 20 adulthood 40 middle age 65 old age infancy childhood What do you think might be the difference between one’s mental age. facelifts. how different aged people mix socially. what age would that be? What do you enjoy most about being your present age? What are the good points and bad points about being: an adolescent. one’s physical age. go out dancing. or should they simply "act their age"? How is the concept of age in your country different from that of the United States? (Think. of how the elderly are treated. breast implants. for example.) What examples of ageism can you think of regarding your culture? . etc. and elderly? Do you fear the thought of getting older? What do you think about people who try to postpone the physical effects of aging by means of cosmetic surgery (for example. go on dates (if single). or other activities traditionally reserved for the young. listen to popular music. liposuction. etc. and one’s chronological age? What is your earliest memory? What did you enjoy most about your childhood? What do you feel is the ideal age? (If you could “freeze” at one age.
My favorite pet or animal ___________________________________ 7-What makes me smile ______________________________________ 8.Something about me you would be surprised to know ________________ 15.Something I do well ________________________________________ 2. My favorite movie ________________________ .My best feature ____________________________________________ 4-Something I would like to learn _______________________________ 5-What I like to collect _______________________________________ 6. 1.My favorite food __________________________________________ 12.My favorite game or sport ___________________________________ 3.ABOUT ME Share some information about yourself.My best quality ___________________________________________ 14.Someone I admire _________________________________________ 9-What I enjoy doing most ____________________________________ 10-A famous person I would like to meet __________________________ 11.A very special friend or relative ______________________________ 13.
Creating the Ideal Society A large area of your country has been set aside by the current government for the development of a new nation. Imagine that your group has to decide the laws of this new country.000 men and women. This area will include an invited international community of 20. Which political system will the country have? What will the official language(s) be? Will there be censorship? What industries will your country try to develop? Will citizens be allowed to carry a gun? Will there be the death penalty? Will there be a state religion? What kind of immigration policy will there be? What will the educational system be like? Will there be compulsory education to a certain age? Who will be allowed to marry? How will you keep the country from becoming over populated? What environmental policies will be in place? . Discuss the following questions.
I’d be ____________________ because …………………… If I could be a TV show. If I could be a foreign country. I’d be a(n) _____________________ because………………. If I could be a musical instrument. I’d be a(n) _______________ because ………………. If I could be a state. If I could be any animal. I’d be a(n)_______________________ because……………… If I could be a bird. I’d be _________________ because ……………………. I’d be a (n) ____________________ because …………………… If I could be a piece of furniture. If I could be a game.... If I could be a building. . If I could be an insect. I’d be ______________ because …………………… If I could be a film. I’d be _____________________ because ………………… If I could be a part of speech. I’d be __________________ because …………………… If I could be any color.. I’d be _______________________ because…………………..IF I COULD BE ………………………. I’d be a(n) ________________ because ……………….. I’d be a(n) _____________________ because…………………. I’d be a(n) ___________________ because…………. I’d be a (an) ____________________ because ………………… If I could be a flower. I’d be _________________ because………………. I’d be a (an) _________________________ because………………. I’d be _________________ because……………………. If I could be a tree. If I could be a car. If I could be a kind of food. If I could be a song. I’d be a (an) _____________________ because………………. Complete each sentence with the words that best describe you.
red leather. yellow leather. The sixth sick Sheik's sixth sheep is sick. mixed biscuits. yellow leather. Try to say them as fast as possible. Tongue twisters have long been a popular form of wordplay.Tongue-Twisters A tongue-twister is a sequence of words that is difficult to pronounce quickly and correctly. a box of mixed biscuits and a biscuit mixer! Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper. The crow flew over the river with a lump of raw liver. Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled pepper? If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper. Swim swan swim! Swan swam back again Well swum swan! Three gray geese in green fields grazing. Around the rugged rocks the ragged rascals ran.being used in elocution teaching and in the treatment of some speech defects. Where's the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked? Red leather. We surely shall see the sun shine soon. Even native English speakers find the tongue-twisters on this page difficult to say quickly. particularly for schoolchildren. Betty better butter Brad's bread. [Sometimes described as the hardest tongue-twister in the English language. Long legged ladies last longer.] Swan swam over the pond. She sells seashells on the seashore. but correctly! A proper copper coffee pot. A box of biscuits. but they also have a more serious side . Try them yourself. . Mixed biscuits.
. would you still work? Which occupations are considered most prestigious? Which jobs would you consider to be hazardous? What are the advantages of working for a salary? How about wages? In your country-Are labor unions strong? Do people receive unemployment benefits if they lose their job? Are people ever discriminated against because of race.000.000 in a lottery. religion. age. or sex when applying for work? How many weeks of vacation time do people typically receive? Do you feel the work ethic is as strong in your generation as that of yours parents’ or grandparents’ generation? Explain why you feel this way.OVERWORKED AND UNDERPAID What do (or did) your parents do? Have you ever earned an income? What do you think you might be doing in 10 years? What would be your dream job? What kind of job would you most hate to do? Is personal satisfaction or good pay more important to you in a job? If you won $1.
) and a woman feminine (gentle. brave. confident. would you ever quarrel? What does “romance” mean to you? What kind of job would your perfect partner have? What kind of personality would your perfect partner have? Must your perfect partner be a good kisser? If you were dating your perfect partner.)? Does height matter? Should you marry someone with similar social status? What would you do if your parents didn’t like your boyfriend/girlfriend? Is it important to have similar interests? Would your perfect partner have “traditional” values (and what does that mean)? Where and how would you like to meet your perfect partner? How will you know that he/she is the right one to marry? . shy. etc.The Perfect Partner Does age matter? Some people say “opposites attract”—is that true? What sort of appearance would your perfect partner have? If you married your perfect partner. would you see them every day? Should a man be masculine (strong. etc.
what kind of clothes he/she prefers to wear. If you don’t understand what you are being asked. and he/she will ask you the questions listed on the next page. what sort of activities he/she really likes and doesn’t like to do. . where he/she would most like to live. what types of sports he/she likes to play. where he/she prefers to shop for clothes. This is a listening as well as a speaking activity. politely ask him/her to repeat it. what sort of concerts he/she prefers to attend. what his/her favorite and least favorite subjects in school were. what his/her favorite and least favorite type of drink is.Preferences Student A Take turns with your partner: You will ask the questions listed below. Ask your partner: what kind of television shows he/she likes to watch.
If you don’t understand what you are being asked. what kind of vacations he/she likes to take. what sort of books he/she likes to read. what type of games he/she likes to play.Preferences Student B Take turns with your partner: You will ask the questions listed below. This is a listening as well as a speaking activity. what kind of job he/she would most like to have. Ask your partner: what he/she prefers to do on the weekends. . politely ask him/her to repeat it. what kind of women/men he/she likes. which kind of sports he/she prefers to watch. what his/her favorite and least favorite kind of pizza is. what sort of cars he/she would like to own. and he/she will ask you the questions listed on the previous page.
. catch a cub without going into the tiger’s den. cheat an honest man. 19.. 18. 20-…….……. fool all the people all the time.PROVERBIALLY. tell which way the train went by looking at the track. have a rainbow without rain. 13-……. see the sky through a bamboo tube.. 5.. make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear. 9.have your cake and it too. 14. 7-……. sip soup with a knife..………. pick up two melons with one hand. YOU CAN’T 1-……. 15.…….……. 3. 11-…….……...…….……. 8. 6.. judge a book by its cover. 4-…….. 10-……..……. measure the sea with a shell.…….have it both ways..... 17.…….. . shake hands with a clenched fist. 16-……. make an omelet without breaking eggs.. please everybody.…….……. 2. teach an old dog new tricks.. run with the hare and hunt with the hounds.. get blood out of a turnip.. 12.. win arguments by interrupting speakers.
and why? What kind of organization would you like to work for (erg. or with other people? Would you like a job dealing with clients/customers? What do you think of government jobs? Have you considered volunteering to work in poor areas of China? If you boss asked you to work overtime.The Ideal Job What job would you like to do. foreign company. large company)? Would you like to be a teacher? Why or why not? Are you looking forward to working? Do you think you would be a good manager? Would you prefer to work quietly by yourself. how would you feel? Do you think it’s a bad idea to date someone you work with? Would you like to work inside or outside? Could you handle a high-pressure job? Would you like to find a job in your home town. government department. private company. or elsewhere? How do you expect to use English in your work? Is work enjoyable. small company. or only a way to make money? . state company.
how did your parents feel about their children becoming independent? Give examples. and what money do they live on? .Family Life Give your full name. where do young adults live before getting married? Why? In your culture. what do people think of a 27-year-old person who lives at home with his or her parents? Explain. What was family life like in your home when you were a teenager? What was it like when you disagreed with your parents? In your culture. who took care of you when your parents were not at home? When you were growing up. what were the responsibilities of each child in the house? As you were growing up. and how it was chosen for you. Nowadays. whom do you go to for help? Is that typical in your culture? In your culture. who lived with you? When you were a child. where do older people live. When you were child. its meaning. when you have a problem.
Less than normal speed. A friend of the Seven Dwarfs. To become an adult. To try and impress. To inflate.FOLLOW THE IDIOM Window Below Bow Snow Elbow Row Know Follow Grow Slow Narrow Yellow Shadow Blow Low show Choose one of “-ow” words above to complete the idiomatic expressions that match the different definitions. for example. Use oars. Robin Hood’s weapon. to move your boat. not a motor. Write the word you choose in the box. Use your dictionary as needed. To do what your heart tells you. put air inside. Having knowledge. When the sea is far from the coast. 12345678910111213141516boxing motion zero minded shopping your nose up white pages your boat up and arrow off how tide room To fight or box with yourself. . Only looking – not buying. Minus ten degrees. Telephone book for businesses. Having a lot of space. Someone who won’t accept other ideas.
They are not standard written English.) fr.) separate (adj. vr different every beverage favorable favorite tr documentary elementary interested interesting ….. br aspirin comfortable opera laboratory deliberate (adj. Standard Written Form I don’t know give let me get you got you bet you don’t you What are you ……? What do you …….? could have should have would have might have must have kind of kinds of a lot of lots of got to have to has to want to going to ought to Reduced Form I dunno gimme lemme getcha gotcha betcha doncha Waddya Waddya coulda shoulda woulda mighta musta kinda kindsa lotta lotsa gotta hafta hasta wanna gonna oughta VOWEL REDUCTION Unstressed vowel + r = vowel not pronounced pr.REDUCTIONS Reductions are common and reflect naturally spoken language. honorable miserable .
where would you eat and what would you order? If you were lost in a forest. which food would you eat? What restaurants do you usually go to for lunch? What food do they make best? What is the most expensive food you've ever eaten? Is it important for a man to know how to cook? What is the best dressing for a vegetable salad? Do you like raw fish/sushi/sashimi? What foods are good for you? Why are they good? Are there any world-famous Kyrgyz chefs? Do you like spicy food? What foods do people eat in other countries? In India? France? Japan? China? Russia? Do you think expensive food is more delicious than inexpensive food? What is the hottest food you have ever eaten? What happened? How has Kyrgyz food changed over the past twenty years? What food is traditionally served for Eid Khourbon? For New Year's? Do you eat these foods at your home? What do you think of foreign cuisine? Japanese? Chinese? Western? Are there any McDonald’s restaurants here? What is the worst thing you have ever eaten? If you had $200.Food for Thought What food is Bishkek famous for? And Osh the other Kyrgyz regions? If you could eat only one food for the rest of your life. how would you hunt animals to stay alive? Have you ever eaten gourmet food? Why do you think most of the great chefs of the world are men? .00 to buy a meal for two people.
very little . become very confused c.A REVIEW OF SOME IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS Fill in the blank with the appropriate sentence 1. use for communication b. very long c. “To veg (vedge) out” means to: a. a. think it’s not true c. A “whatchamacallit” is something that you: a.Starting “on time” means beginning __________. go away 4. 3. c. it isn’t necessary to do it. b. relax b. very much b. “You don’t have to do it” means __________. you mustn’t not do it. a. freeze something b. “He hardly worked” means that he worked __________. get really angry 6. If someone says “Cool it!”. at the scheduled time b. can’t remember / don’t know the name of 5. calm down c. a. at the scheduled time or later c. at the scheduled time or earlier 2. it is not a good idea to do it. he/she wants you to: a.
7. work harder or move faster . behaved very badly b. before it’s too late 9. If someone says “hold it”.” I give you ____________. Getting somewhere “in time” means arriving there __________. ate too much 10. decide what to do 8. hurry up c. pick something up c. I’d better “get a move on” means I need to ___________. “I really pigged out” means that I _________. my opinion c. he she wants you to _________ a. a. If I give you “my two cents worth. earlier than expected b. sad and lonely c. angry or upset 12. just a little bit late c. a. confused b. was not neat or organized c. a. Someone “that ticks you off” makes you feel _________ a. a very small amount of money b. dress b. a. stop what you are doing b. something you can’t use 11.
How many can you think of? Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ways to get from one place to another Things that crash Reasons not to smoke Names for an ice-cream shop Things that are soft but strong Titles for a TV show about your school Ways to save paper Things that close Uses for a pile of cardboard Titles for a book about magnets Things that sparkle Works that make you think of fun Ways to be kind to someone Invisible things Uses for a single wheel Excuses for not doing homework Words that create a mood of excitement Things that melt .
You can either tell the truth. your last vacation your first love your last birthday your first kiss a time when you stole something the worst day of your life a time when you were sick a time when you were frightened the first time you drank alcohol a time when you were hurt a time when you were embarrassed a time when you were caught lying your first encounter with a foreigner . or you can fib by making up a false or funny story. The class will then decide whether you are telling the truth or just pulling our leg.Tell Us Something Choose one topic below and tell your partners about your experience.
a) to be in the dumps b) to be tickled pink c) to look like one has the weight of the world on one’s shoulders d) to grin from ear to ear e) to feel like a million bucks f) to walk on air (progressive) g) to be in cloud nine h) to be on top of the world i) to look like one lost one’s best friend j) to feel blue k) to be in seventh heaven l) to be out of sorts 1. In fact. Now he is _________________________.Jan failed her math exam.Rich came back from vacation looking great. She’s ______________________________________. He says _____________________.Leandro insulted his boss by mistake. 7.Gene found the travelers checks he had lost.Mary came in first in the ten-mile race. 15. He looks like ____________________.Bob’s parents gave him a trip to Europe for a graduation present. 10.Virginia has been given the promotion she dreamed about. 9.Victor’s favorite restaurant went out of business.Sarah came down with the flu and had to cancel her date.Ken got some bad news in the mail today. He’s _____________________________________. 5. 14.Sue did not feel well today. 11. She looks like________________________________________________.Sally lost her job and does not know how she is going to pay her bills. 12.Karen likes her new car very much.IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS TO INDICATE HAPPINESS OR SADNESS Match the expressions listed below to the mental states reflected on the sentences that follow. She___________________. He is _______________________ . she’s ______________________ with it. He’s _________________________. More than one possibility exists for each sentence. He’s_____________________________________________________ 4. She’s_______________________________________ 2. She___________________.John lost his dog the other day. 13. 6. 8. She’s _____________________________.
I _______________________________________________________________ Just before I go to sleep. I ________________________________________________________________________ When I finish reading a good book or watching a good film. I ________________________________________________________________________ When I realize that someone is angry with me. I ________________________________________________________________________ As soon as I get home in the evenings. I __________________________________________________________________ Whenever I am feeling stressed out.THINGS I DO Immediately after getting up in the morning. I _______________________________________________________ Whenever I meet a beautiful woman/handsome man for the first time. I ________________________________________________________________________ . I __________________________________________________________ When something scares me. I _____________________________________________________________ Just after having a bath/shower. I ____________________________________________________________________ Whenever I feel bored. I __________________________________________________________ Whenever I am expecting guests to arrive.
Prejudice Write: the adjective form of prejudice the adverb form of stereotype a person who exhibits racism is a… the verb form of segregation the adjective form of racism a person who exhibits sexism is a… What sort of prejudice (or discrimination) might someone experience while being interviewed for a job? Can you think of any stereotypical descriptions of any nationality or peoples? What do you know about the racial problems that Americans have experienced as a society? Do you know of any racial prejudices that are common in your part of the world? Have you ever experienced any kind of prejudice against yourself? Have you ever been anyplace where ethnic minorities lived segregated from others? Have you ever met anyone that you considered to be a racist? Have interracial marriages ever been considered taboo in your country? Have you or anyone you know ever been a victim of sexism? .
take a look at the list and rate the inventions from 1 (most important) to 10 (least important). With your partner. Automobile Fax / scanner Video camera Cell phone Digital camera TIVO / VCR Microwave Blackberry IPod Your choice .RATE THE APPARATUS The following devices have become indispensable to most people. Be prepared to justify your answers.
WHAT REALLY ANNOYS YOU? People telling me how to drive. A person making loud sniffing and snorting noises. People regularly criticizing me. Television commercials. People talking loudly on their cellular phones. A person continually trying to be funny. Hearing 'loud' music. (Anything else?) . People cutting in line. Getting a busy signal when I am trying to get through to someone. Impolite waiters or waitresses. Hearing racist remarks or jokes. People picking at their teeth. People who are always complaining. A person unnecessarily putting his or her hands on me . Finding a hair in my food. People interrupting me while I am speaking. A person honking their horn at me. People smoking while I am eating. Listening to politicians make promises.
Idioms to Use in Class Situations At Wits’ End – Frustrated Along for the Ride – Present. don’t play around Keep the Ball Rolling – Maintain momentum Last. don’t hurry It’s All Greek – Incomprehensible Jump the Gun – Do something prematurely Keep One’s Nose to the Grindstone – Work hard. but not Least – Final item on a list. Go the – Go all out Wing It – Improvise Contributed by Willoughby Ann Walshe . without taking part Back to Square One – Return to the beginning Bug – Annoy Butt in – Interfere Chew (Someone) Out – Scold harshly Chicken Out – Too frightened to act Cream of the Crop – The best Do an About-Face – Change behavior abruptly Draw the Line at – Not allow beyond a certain point Eager Beaver – Person excited about an activity Egg on One’s Face – Appear embarrassed Face the Music – Accept consequences of one’s own actions Fool Around – Not be serious Get Something Down Pat – Perfect an activity Go Overboard – Do too much Head in the Clouds – Absent-minded Hold One’s Horses – Be patient. but not the least important Letter Perfect – Exactly right Lend an Ear – Listen to someone Make Tracks – Leave quickly More than One Way to Skin a Cat – Different solutions to a problem Nitty-Gritty – Essential points Nothing to Write Home about – Ordinary Off the Cuff – Without much advance preparation Off the Wall – Unusual On the Fritz – Not working correctly Piece of Cake – Easy Put the Cart before the Horse – Do things backwards Read between the Lines – Understand indirectly See the Light – Understand clearly Speaking of the Devil – Someone who is being talked about has just appeared Toe the Line – Follow the rules Up in the Air – Undecided When Hell Freezes Over – Never Whole Nine Yards.
PLACES AND HOBBIES Three Dishes your favorite dish a dish you don’t really like the most unusual dish you have ever tried Three Books the first book you can remember reading the name of the last book you read the name of a book that is supposed to be good Three Places your favorite place to go on vacation a place you would really like to visit a place you want to forget Three Hobbies something you enjoy doing something that you would like to take up something you have no interest in at all .THREE DISHES. BOOKS.
writing. while topical in nature. and the development of reading. idiomatic expressions. speaking. Current Events History Social Issues Travel International Relations Literature The Arts Women in the Workplace Business Family .Topics What kind of topics are you interested in? What sort of things do you think you would like to learn more about? Which might help to develop either professionally or personally? Tick those that appeal to you (or feel free to add anything not listed) so that future lessons might be designed around these preferences. will also incorporate all aspects of the language deemed necessary for acquisition: relevant vocabulary. and listening skills. These lessons.
Where? What? Who? When? How? Why? How long...teacher? ..... Don’t forget to use follow-up questions ...place to go? ..game? …vacation spot? ...toy? ...? When you were a child...food? .comic character? ......song? .TV program .drink? ..WHEN I WAS A CHILD.book? . what / who was your favorite....relative (not a parent)? .......hobby? .holiday? ........movie? .outdoor activity? .friend? .movie s . .....candy? ....
. B: ...shoot pool/go bowling/do something else instead... A: .. GIVING IN All right.spend the day in the mountains....... B: .. A:.. That sounds okay.. I feel that we should. B: .. but I don’t really care for. Let's do that. Okay.go on a day-trip to.. let’s. B: . but I’d much rather.........have dinner at a Chinese food restaurant......go to a movie that you have been wanting to see.. I think the best thing to do is....go out for a drink...spend the day at the beach..go to a movie that you have been wanting to see.. A: .work on our homework together after class. B: . you've talked me into it. A: . Try to persuade your partner to.. You win..WHY DON'T WE.have dinner at a Mexican food restaurant.spend the evening at a comedy club.spend the evening dancing at a popular nightclub.go study at the library. B:. as a special favor to you... A: . but I don’t really like... B:.. That doesn't sound bad..go on a day-trip to. . A:... MAKING A SUGGESTION Why don't we. A: ... POLITELY DISAGREEING That's a good idea.
an actor – a crowded amusement park – a football field 17. dog-pillow-fist 10. Louis – a foot . McDonald's – St. Halloween-The World Series-End of daylight savings 11. Julius Caesar-Robert Kennedy-John Lennon 7. song-heart-policeman 3. heat-dough-taxes 4. Astro – Elroy .TRIBOND Use your thinking skills to determine what the given trios have in common Example: Answer: tent – baseball – horseshoe They’re all pitched 1. a weak battery – a matador – a crime suspect 20. microscope-playground-trombone 2. a basketball player – a soccer player – a baby 16. core – crust – mantle 19. Moses-Superman-Cabbage Patch Kids 6. Martin Luther King-Jack Lord-Patty Duke 13. a bull – a car – a shoe salesman 15. turkeys – statues – initials 18.Rosie 9. a tiger-a leprechaun-a frog 14. basketball-embroidery-hula 12. draw-sweep-trap 5. Bob-Tom-Alley 8.
microscope-playground-trombone (they all have a slide) 2. an actor – a crowded amusement park – a football field (they all have lines) 17. McDonald’s – St. a basketball player – a soccer player – a baby (they all dribble) 16. dog-pillow-fist (fight) 10. Julius Caesar-Robert Kennedy-John Lennon (they were all assassinated) 7. Halloween-The World Series-End of daylight savings (they all happen in October) 11. Martin Luther King-Jack Lord-Patty Duke (all have royalty titles for last names) 13. song-heart-policeman (they all have a beat) 3. Moses-Superman-Cabbage Patch Kids (they are all orphans) 6. a tiger-a leprechaun-a frog (They are all breakfast mascots) 14. Louis – a foot (they all have arches).TRIBOND – Answer Key Use your thinking skills to determine what the given trios have in common Example: tent – baseball – horseshoe Answer: They’re all pitched 1. a bull – a car – a shoe salesman (they all have horns) 15. heat-dough-taxes (they all rise) 4. . core – crust – mantle (they are layers of the earth) 19. basketball-embroidery-hula (they all use a hoop) 12. draw-sweep-trap (running plays) 5. Astro-Elroy-Rosie (all characters in the futuristic TV show The Jetsons) 9. turkeys – statues – initials (they are all carved) 18. Bob-Tom-Alley (cats) 8. a weak battery – a matador – a crime suspect (they are all charged) 20.
what you wanted to be as a child. what you feel to be the most difficult aspect of your job. how long you have to commute to work and back every day. what your parents do (or did). whether or not you would consider a posting abroad.Working My Life Away Tell your partner(s)… about your previous employment. what you consider to be the ideal occupation. about your very first job. where you see yourself in five years time. what your main duties are these days. whether or not you would prefer to work from home. what you feel the ideal working hours would be. what you consider to be your favorite part of the work day. .
10. they were living _________________ to _______________. 4. two ____________________ are better than one. 13. If you admit making such a serious mistakes. 5. You’ll just have to play it by _____________________. they were able to keep their _______________ above water. 8. She’s such a snob. I’m sorry I didn’t call you. 12.IDIOMS ABOUT THE BODY AND THE MIND Many idiomatic expressions in the English language refer to parts of the body. . He always got his___________ in the clouds. The driver of the car that passed us should have his ________________examined. Just use your ________________________________. He makes all these impossible plans. 14. it slipped my _______________________________.When there’s a problem to solve. I try to keep an open __________________________. 9. When it comes to politics. Can you keep an _________________ on my bags while I make a phone call? 16. 7. 11. brain ear eye face foot hair hair hand head heart leg mind mouth neck nose 1. They were so poor. That’s too difficult for me. They were so poor. It is quite simple. 15. 2. She looks down her ________________________ at everyone. they were living hand to mouth.A good book can help you get your _________________________ off your troubles. Despite the recession. you’ll lose ______________________. I can’t tell you what to do. She always keeps her _____________________________________ in a crisis. 6. Fill in the blanks with the part of the body that best completes the meaning. They were ______________________________________ over heels in love. I could not make up my ___________________________ whether to write or phone. 3. It’s way over my _________________________________.
I didn’t understand a word of it. You’re splitting _______________________________. You don’t need to tell me how to get there. 24. I can think of two solutions to your problem. The new manager was given a free ________________ to restructure the company. I tried to catch the waiter’s _______________________ but he didn’t look my way. and has a good _______________________ for figures. I was only pulling your _______________________. 26. Off the top of my _________________. . When they said that they had gotten engaged. I’ll just follow my ___________________. There’s no difference. 30.They refused to help us. I could not believe my ___________. 23. Bush and Gore were _________________ to _____________________ in the polls. 28. 33. 19. 35. He doesn’t have a ______________ to stand on. Anything you say to them goes in one ______________________ and out the other. but in the end they had a change of ____________________.17. He’s an accountant. 34. The decision is in your _______________________. 27. 29. He knew the risks and went into it with his ____________________________ open. 25. I didn’t mean what I said. The lesson went over my _____________________.Bear in _________________________ that interest rates will vary from day to day. 31. I was just going to say that. 21. 22. You took the word right out of my _________________. What he did was quite unjustified. 20. 18. We have to learn the words by ______________________.
What kind of jobs would you find unsuitable for women? 10. Are there any jobs in your country which are barred to women? 7. Are there any heavily feminized occupations? 6. Do women prefer the same jobs as men or different? 9. Are there any sectors of your country’s economy dominated by women? 5. Are women generally equally represented across the workforce in your country? 4.WOMEN AND THE PROFESSIONS 1. If there is an imbalance. What do women consider when they choose their professional careers? 8. What is the percentage of women and men in your profession? 2. what is it caused by? 3. Is it easy for women in your country to combine work and family life? Why yes or why not? .
I absolutely hate Mondays. 20. . most people are very nice. Spending 160. I never run for a bus-I can catch the following one. Students then must justify their answer in a logical fashion. 5. My parents started giving me pocket money when I was five. 8. 4. 18. 16. People who smoke are crazy. there are still plenty of things to do. I never go to bed after 1 am. 1. 2. 13. I had a great time at secondary school-I loved it. 15. 11. I don't mind wet days. People who watch more than 2 hours of TV a day are wasting time. I am intelligent. 10. 17. The beach is for relaxing and doing nothing. 19. My ambition in life is to get a permanent job. 9. 7. I really believe that motorbikes are dangerous.00 dollars on a permanent is immoral. In the end. Keeping animals at home is cruel. Parents spoil their children nowadays. 3. 12. I have never stolen anything-never. I study English more than 2 hours a week. 6. I am an adventurous person. Tall men/women are more interesting than small ones.TRUE OR FALSE Have each student answer the questions based on his or her experience. 14.
What are you afraid of? Loud and aggressive people? The sight of blood? Making a fool out of yourself? Taking tests and exams? Closed-in places? Being a passenger in a car being driven recklessly? Growling animals? Thunderstorms? Spiders and cockroaches? Speaking in front of large groups of people? Heights? Airplane turbulence? Dark alleys? Being alone someplace with a stranger? Job interviews? Hypodermic needles? Snakes? Not living up to your parents expectations? Having surgery? Getting old? Death? Failing this class? First Dates? Marriage? Anything else? .
If you could take a vacation anywhere in the who would it be and what questions would world for any length of time. which one would you choose? If you could meet any famous person. what would it be? If you could be a plant. If you could change one thing about the world. what candy would you be? If you were a toy. which one would the manager? you choose? . what would If you only had one wish. what would it be? you do? If you had the opportunity to be different. which one would you choose? If could date a celebrity.Conversation Questions: What if……………….? If the whole world were listening. what monster would you be? If you were asked to speak to a graduating class.000.000. what toy would you be? If you were given the chance to go to the moon.. where would you you ask that person? go? If you could travel back in time. would you go? Why or why not? If you were a monster. what would you change? If you had a time machine. would you give up your If you saw a robbery. whom would it be and why? If you could spend the day with any celebrity. would you tell great wisdom or great wealth. what would that be? what would that be? If you could live in different planet. what would you you be? choose to be? If you could be another person for a day. what would you choose to be? If you could ask God any question. where would you go and why? If you had to choose. what would you do? If you could have only one type of food for the rest of your life. what problems or concerns would you work on first? If you worked for a store and saw another If you were given a choice between been given employee stealing something. what would you say? If you could be a bird. where would If you found a suitcase full of $1.000. would you report it? eyesight or your hearing? If you were a piece of candy. what would you say? If you were the President/Prime Minister. what you go? would you do? If you found a wallet with $1. which one would If you could be an animal. what would would you be? you do and why? If you could change one thing about yourself. dead or alive. who If you could be invisible for a day. whom would you choose? If you could speak any other language (besides English) which one would you choose? If you could commit a crime and get away with it. what would you choose to be? If you could be a superhero.
Remember to agree or disagree with others in your group in an appropriate manner. . Taking a long break between high-school and college.Young Adulthood Express your opinions on the following. Working part-time while attending university. Dating nationalities other than your own. Immersing yourself in another country by studying abroad. Living on your own before getting married. elaborating on why you believe each may or may not be a good idea. Taking a long trip with your significant other before getting married. Getting married but deciding against children. Delaying marriage until your thirties. Emigrating to another country for financial gain.
But off the top of my head. mom. My sister said she would keep an eye on our house while we’re on vacation. He’s really a pain in the neck! _________ M. It was so frustrating. I’m sure you can solve this problem. I’m angry with Mary for being so nosy. Bite your tongue! It is not going to rain on the day of the picnic. “Break a leg!” _____________ C. I’m all ears.00 for this baseball card. _______________ P. Here comes Ram. Before a performer goes on stage. but I just couldn’t say it. ______ G. I didn’t really pay $200. I was just pulling your leg. She’s going to pick up the mail and water the plants. He’s much more conservative than she is. He wasn’t telling me the truth. I could feel it in my bones. The answer was on the tip of my tongue. She opened one of my letters! _____________ N. ____________ S. I’m not sure how much money we’ve made. They don’t see eye to eye on politics. A. Now get off my back! I don’t want to hear it again. ___________ B. his friends often say. _______________ E. Gee. I don’t know how I’ll ever finish this by Tuesday. I’d say about $1500.BODY PART IDIOMS Here are some common expressions using parts of the body. ___________ . but it would cost an arm and a leg! ____________ K. _____ F. I’d like to remodel my kitchen. Keep you chin up! I’m sure you’ll find a job soon. _________ O. ______________ D. I’m up to my ears in work. It’s the weekend! ___________ I. ____________ L. You’ve reminded me about it six times. You already have two fur coats! You need another one like you need a hole in your head. Have a heart! Don’t give us so much homework. ___________ Q. Read each sentence and put the number of its appropriate definition on the blank line. ____________ R. You have a good head on your shoulders. ______ H. Tell me everything that happened.
8.Watch something for someone else. 10. 6. show mercy. To know by instinct.Overly interested in someone’s personal matters. 3. To think logically. Have an overwhelming amount. 17. Someone really gets on your nerves. Be compassionate. don’t bother me. 2. Have the same point of view. Be extremely expensive. 18.Can almost remember something.Don’t get discourage or lose hope. . 14. 5. 16. 4.Leave me alone.Answers: 1. 9.Just joking.Be careful what you say. 12. Can’t wait to hear the news. A first reaction without giving it much thought.You don’t need this at all. Good luck. 11. 15. 13. kidding. 7.
what did you do? If not. what would you do if you did? Which celebrity would you like to meet? What would you do if you could spend a day with this person? Is there any particular celebrity that you really don’t care for? Do you think famous people have the right to have a private life? Why or why not? What do you think of the paparazzi? Why do you think there is such a high demand for gossip magazines and gossip TV programs? What are the pros and cons of being a celebrity? Do you feel that celebrities should be outspoken in their beliefs on political and social issues? Did you have any idols when you were a younger? Are there any celebrities nowadays that you particularly admire? .Star-struck Have you ever seen a celebrity in person? Is so.
What is your most treasured possession? 16.Do you like shopping malls? Why or why not? 23.What kind of clothing do you wear for sleeping? 22. The student who is answering the question can refuse by saying “I pass”.Is there a special birthday song in your country? 24.Do you collect anything? What? .Have you ever given a speech? What was the subject? 11.What number son or daughter are you? 25.What is your favorite kind of car? 28.How would you describe your father? 15.Do you have any pets? 12-When is your birthday? 13-What toys did you play with when you were a child? 14. 1-What is your middle name? 2.Do you have any children? 4-What is your hobby? 5-Do you have a First Aid kit at home? Where? 6-What board game do you know? 7-Do you like your name? 8-Who makes dinner in your family? 9.Do you know First aid? Where did you learn it? 21.What is your zodiac sign? 17-What is you least favorite cleaning job? 18-Do you celebrate birthdays? What do you do? 19. Repeat this activity on a weekly basis with different students to get them a chance to speak extemporaneously.How often do you exercise? 29-How many brothers and sisters do you have? 30.How often do you eat fast food? Why? 20.What children stories do you like? 10.Do you prefer to buy books or borrow them from the library? 26-Which natural disasters are common in your area? 27.Where do you like to shop? 3.IN FOCUS – INTERVIEW QUESTIONS Select a student to be interviewed and hand out the questions to the rest of the students on slips of paper or laminated cards.
_______________________ 3..who likes scary movies.....whose surname ends with an F........ ..who has spent a night in the hospital.. YOUR NAME:_____________________________ Example: .. who has seen a ghost......... ... ............. .who has an unusual pet.... ____________________ 12......Find someone who ... .. .. Write the name of your classmate next to the question he/she has answered yes to... ..... ____________________ 9. ___________________ 2............ _______________ 6... .. then ask your classmate the questions you made.........who knows how to swim.. ... ............ ........... ...... _________________________ 7... Your own name cannot be included...who plays a musical instrument. _______________________ 5... who has met someone famous..who enjoys reading........ ...who knows where the next Olympics games will be held.... Can you type well? 1... ___________________ 14..who has skyped with someone recently. ..... .. ______________________ 13...who speaks three languages or more.. Each name can only appear once... ______________________ 11... __________________________ 8.... ... __________________________ . .who has traveled to Europe....._____________________ 4......_________________________ 20..... who wears glasses.. _____________ 10........who wears glasses... ... Make a question for each line below..... _____________________ 16._________________ 17. _________________ 19....... ________________ 18. ..who reads two newspapers a day...who has taken a cruise.. ........who is wearing something green....... who can type well? Question:.....who has ridden on an elephant......... ___________________ 15...... .. who knows the words to a song in English.. ...
etc. why? 6)Do you think people should have cosmetic surgery to enhance their looks? a.) 15) Has the Brazilian wax hit Kyrgyzstan yet? . How popular is plastic surgery in your country? c.WHAT A BEAUTY! 1) Who do you think is the most beautiful person alive today? 2) Who is the most attractive in your family? 3) Does beauty affect one's success in life? 4) Is beauty related to power? a. Would you ever have plastic surgery? 7) What do you think of the proverb Beauty is in the eye of the beholder? a. Do you have any proverbs or idioms from your country that relate to beauty? 8) Do you think tattoos and piercings add to or detract from physically attractiveness? 9) What personality trait is the most important for inner beauty? 10) Would you ever date someone who was not conventionally attractive? 11)How do you feel about beauty pageants? 12)Do you think one gender or group worries more about physical attractiveness than another? 13) What are some of the negatives about being beautiful? 14) What are some examples of social pressures to improve on natural beauty? (For example. lipstick. What is the most popular feature for cosmetic alteration? d. shaving. Can you think of anyone who is in a position of power that is not physically attractive? 5)Do you feel people spend too much time and money on beauty? If so. If so what is the minimum age when someone should have plastic surgery? b. Do you think self-esteem affects beauty? e. haircutting. Do you think beauty affects self-esteem? f.
. Excused ………….Finished ………. 3.Crossed …………. needed = need +/ed/(need-ud”) In the blank at the right.Saved …………….Filled …………. Used ……………. 15. /k/. 35. Voiced sounds come from the throat and a vibration is felt when produced. 32. 31.. 28. 10. Looked …………. Final –ed is pronounced /t/ after most voiceless sounds.. 34. 23. “livd”. Picked …………. Final –ed is pronounced /ed/after words that end in “t” or “d. Turned …………. Wished ………… . 3. 9. 1. Dropped ………… 33.Killed …………… 30.Earned …………… 24. 12. 2. Pronunciation: lived = live + /d/.. Knocked …………… 27.Pulled …………… 2. Pronunciation: stopped = stop + /t/. /v/ and /n/. Examples of voiced sounds: /b/. 22.Washed …………. Passed …………… 4. 8. 13. Smoked ………… 36. Examples of voiceless sounds: /p/. Closed …………… 6. Showed ………….Stopped …………… 26. Walked ………….. and /f/.Changed ………… 7.Burned ………. /t/ or /ed/ to show the proper pronunciation for the final -ed in each word. 5.Entered …………… 25. Played ………….PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -ED 1. write the letters /d/. “talkt”.Liked ……………. Boiled …………. Mailed …………. 14. Voiceless sounds are made by pushing air through your mouth.Lived ……………… 29. 11. Final –ed is pronounced /d/ after most voiced sounds.” /ed/ adds a whole syllable to a word. no sound comes through your throat. Examples: Pronunciation: wanted = want + /ed/ (“want-ud”) .
Which of these.Wildlife Brainstorm the names of wild animals to be found in Kyrgyzstan. if any. are considered to be endangered? Which members of the animal kingdom in general are considered to be endangered? How popular is hunting as a sport in Kyrgyzstan? Is poaching ever considered to be a problem? Are there any animals in Kyrgyzstan that are considered to be threats to human beings? Have you ever had a dangerous encounter with an animal? Have you ever eaten any unusual or exotic meats? .
(After a pause) Linking Linking a final consonant to an initial vowel. 3. 4.Pete has been helpful. try to move the tongue silently inside the mouth into the position for the second consonant. .He has a bad attitude. 1. use a short /y/ after front vowels and a short /w/ after back vowels. The following are two ways to improve your overall rhythm of English. 4. or try saying both consonants at the same time. also use /r/ after final /ar/ and /al/. When a word ends in a vowel and the next word begins with another vowel. 3-Did he ask her to go? 2.Connected Speech There is no one-to-one correspondence between written letters or words and their acoustic or sounds. 4.I need time to think about this.Did you feel it peel off? 4. as it is actually spoken in a conversation.He’s too old for that.His office is small. Linking two vowels. When a word ends in a consonant and the next word begins with another consonant.You laugh too much. there are no spaces between words. 3.Bill saw him yesterday. 4. When a word ends in consonant sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound.I admire black cats. Linking two consonants. 1. move the consonant sound to the next syllable.I’d like some orange juice 2.May I ask what the answer is? 3. 2-We can help Paul. 3.That’s a big dog.She bought a yellow Audi.Patsy drove the new Infinity. link the first consonant to the second without releasing it.He’s a bad dog.My back tire is flat. precise or overly correct form of speech. Delete “h” in pronouns and auxiliaries which begin with “h” and link the remaining sounds to the preceding word. If the two sounds are different. Note that /h/ is not deleted at the beginning of a phrase. is called “connected speech” and it is characterized by not being slow. 1. 1. Word boundaries are not clearly marked in actual speech therefore. If the two sounds are the same (or made in the same place) hold the first one and lengthen it. word by word. This type of fluent language.I wish Dan had told me. 2. 1.Keep talking. 2.
n) Did you see her? o) They owe him money. t) You laugh too much.LINKING Practice linking words together in the following short sentences: 1-Linking C + V b) It’s an apple. c) Come in. d) It’s all over. g) Cook a meal. u) Where does the bus stop? v) I like black cats.Linking V + V k) May I ask? l)Do I know her? m) I’ll wear it. p) I always tie it. i) He robbed a bank. f) He made a mess.Linking C + C s) Keep talking. . w) What time will you eat tonight? x) His vacation was terrible. 2. j) She loves him. y) Don’t stop driving. q) His blue eyes were open. e) I give up. r) Where is the office? 3. h) She baked a cake. k) He likes her.
And yesterday he actually bit me! B: Wow! I’m really sorry about that! I had no idea that he was causing such problems. A: Thanks. A: He seems so aggressive lately. B: Yeah? What’s the problem? A: Well. I’d really appreciate it. but I need to talk to you about your dog. He’s been frightening a lot of the neighbors. B: That’s terrible. but… A: I don’t like to complain. he chased me three times this week as I was riding my bicycle.Complaining I don’t like to complain. . I’m so sorry! I’ll be sure to keep him in the house from now on. but… I’m sorry to bother you. but… I hate to say this.
Accidents.) When you were young did you roughhouse a lot? Did you ever get hurt playing? Did you ever fall off the see-saw? 3.) Do you have any scars? How did you get them? Was it really painful? 2. Maybe we fell off a bike..) What kinds of plastic surgery are popular these days? Have any of your friends had plastic surgery? Do you think it's a good idea? 4.Ouch! That Smarts! Pain. walked into a wall. Let's get with a partner and share some of those painful memories.. too? . Have you ever.. got beat up by a bully or had a car accident.. had surgery. most of us have been hurt.) What's the most dangerous game children like to play? Did you play this game. been bitten by an animal? been stung or bitten by an insect? fallen down a flight of stairs? tripped while going up the stairs? been in a car accident? been hit by a falling object? almost drowned? burned yourself by accident? had food poisoning? gotten a paper cut? gotten lost in the woods? bumped into something or someone? slammed your finger in a door? twisted your ankle? gotten shocked by an electrical appliance? locked yourself in or out of something? had surgery? fallen off a bicycle or a motorcycle? dropped something on your foot? gotten stitches? smacked your head on a door? beat someone up? been beaten up by a bully? knocked a tooth out? gotten a splinter? fallen out of a tree or from a high place? been mugged or attacked? stepped on a rusty nail or a piece of glass? cut yourself by accident? 1. and Injuries At one time or another.
VOCABULARY INSTRUCTIONS AND GAMES .
Use flashcards.TEACHING VOCABULARY It is estimated that the average language learner needs a minimum of three thousands words to be able to carry on a conversation.Phonetic description (in advanced classes0 3.Spelling 2. the following aspects should be covered: 1. When presenting a new word in class.Supply the category to which the word belongs F.Use realia (show the real object whenever possible) B. Techniques for teaching vocabulary: A.Use 11-Synonyms/antonyms 12. read the newspaper and follow a TV program without much difficulty. Listed below are some techniques that can be used to present new vocabulary in the classroom.Collocation (what other words are used with it) 8-Connotation (as found in the dictionary) 9.Denotation (what other meanings exist beyond the dictionary definition) 10.Translate the word into Nepali H.Register (formal and informal) In order to encourage the expansion of the student’s vocabulary.Grammar (part of speech) 5. illustrations or examples D.Pronunciation/stress 4.Give synonyms and antonyms .Prefixes and suffixes 6. the use of the native language must be kept to a minimum in the classroom. photographs. Acquiring these many words requires a conscientious effort on the part of both teacher and learner.Present the concept in a lively way by dramatizing.Provide a definition or paraphrase E.Meaning 7. There are many ways to convey the meaning of new words. miming or role playing C. to make sure the students use the words frequently and correctly and make them part of their personal vocabulary.Give sample sentences using the word in context G.
A library A hospital A department store A restaurant An airport A hair salon A school A bank A supermarket A doctor’s office A post office An office A garage A hotel A police station A fire department A pet shop A veterinarian A bookstore clinic A courthouse . Variation: Dictate the names of the jobs students have learned in class and have them write each one in the appropriate square.WHO WORKS HERE? WRITE THE NAMES OF THE JOBS CORRESPONDING TO THE PLACE.
Things that: A soldier uses A teacher uses A photographer uses That are blue That are round Made of paper Made of wood That one can read That one can travel in That are red That are liquid That are square That you can sleep in That you can drink That are made of glass That you can open That you can drive Things that are wet things that are cold things a baby plays with things that are hot things that are old things that are beautiful things that are invaluable things a carpenter uses things found in the kitchen things made of metal things a doctor uses things that are dry things a dancer uses things you can wear things you can eat things that are triangular things that are flat things that are deep things that are rough . Pair or group students and then tell them you’ll be calling out for objects belonging to a particular category.KINDS OF THINGS THAT… Here is an activity particularly useful to review vocabulary with the lower level students. The students with the longest list at the end would win a small prize. Example: The sea is wet. Note: Explain to students objects must come in that state naturally.
Write the appropriate letters in the left margin._____ 9.His trifling knowledge is his only interest. liar C. HYPOCHONDRIAC 5. ________________________ 2. devilish G. sweet talker _S_______________ 7.His repulsive table manners make us lose our appetites. tale spinner __M_____________ 2. ______________ 10. white heat __E_________________ 4. DIABOLIC 2. 1. doubting Thomas _A______________ 6._______________________ 7. which most closely relates to each word in the left column. ABHORRENT 10._______________________ 3. MENDACIOUS 7. DILETTANTE 4. serve only black coffee. ______________________ Write the word suggested by each description below.repulsive rat __A________________ . AGNOSTIC 6. ENMITY 8.If you want to make him happy.Honesty is not her outstanding virtue. complainer Write one of the ten words that best describes each of the following situations or ideas: 1. dabbler H. _______________________ 6. superficial sham _D_______________ 5. SYCOPHANT 3. hot head __A_____________________ 8.WORDS TO INSULT THE FOLKS YOU DISLIKE Choose the word or phrase in the right column. bar fly __I___________________ 9.His medical expenses could sustain a hospital. _______________________ 5.Don’t be wowed by his commendatory remarks. flatterer J. start a fight._______________________ 8._______________________ 4. disbeliever I.If you invite her.His pitchfork is always ready and aimed. 1. hatred F. ANTAGONIST 9. sparks fly.The hurricane must take the roof off the house before she heeds the warning.When enemies meet. lush D. Use the letter given as a clue.bellyacher __H__________________ 10. detestable B. inferno dweller _D_______________ 3. opponent E. INEBRIATE A.
What do you call the thing that we use to cut food with? _______________ 21.What is the name of a sour fruit? ____________________________________ 18.What is a word that means “on time”? _______________________________ .What do you call a machine that washes dishes? ______________________ 24. What to do you call the thing that opens cans? ________________________ 2.What is the name of the vegetable that can make you cry? _____________ 14.What do you call the thing we buy at the post office to mail letters? ______ 20. What do you call the thing that you read in a restaurant? ______________ 8. What do you call the 26 letters of English? _________________________ 9.What is the name of the yellow fruit that monkeys like to eat? ___________ 12.What do you call the things you use to tie your shoes? _________________ 25.What is the name for a round piece of metal money? ___________________ 23.What’s the name for the thing you sleep on? __________________________ 17.What is the name of the small thing that you use to open a door? ________ 13.What is the name of a big airplane that can carry many people? _________ 15. What do you call the thing that women carry their money in? ___________ 5.What do you call the hair above a man’s mouth? ______________________ 19.What do you call a baby dog? _______________________________________ 22. What do you call the machine for calling people? ______________________ 3. What do you call the metal things that we spend at the store? ___________ 6. Can you understand them? 1. if it is paper? _________________________ 7.What do we call 365 days? ________________________________________ 26. What do you call the thing that men carry their money in? ______________ 4.What do you call the thing that you play tennis with? __________________ 11.? Here are some questions.What is the name of an animal that can fly? ___________________________ 16. What do you call the white things in the sky? _________________________ 10. And.WHAT DO YOU CALL THE THING THAT ……………………….
Underline the word that does not fit. Example: SPEAK: say talk transfer utter a) APPLAUD: b) CHECK: c) DESIRE e) FRIGHTEN: f) GET: g) STEAL: h) THROW: i) ARGUMENT: j) AWARD: l) DUSK: m)HAPPINESS: n) LIE: o) SCENT: p) WORK: q) BRAVE: r) CRAZY: s) DELICIOUS: t) FAKE: v) NASTY: u) NERVOUS: x) RICH: y) CLOSE: z) DELAY: aa)) DISCOVER: bb) IRRITATE: dd) RELAX: acclaim examine alter alarm acquire captivate chuck(informal) dispute junk dawn bliss fabrication aroma assignment courageous deranged appetizing counterfeit lazy agile censure inspect crave disillusion prosper gain nick (informal) fetch hazard medal mess nightfall capture fib fragrance chore fearless insane enchanting dingy malicious anxious bigoted merge put off burst bother border rest cheer merit fancy let down scare lock rob lob quarrel prize muddle sunset delight gutter perfume crook (informal) heroic nuts (informal) mouthwatering forged mean jumpy naïve wealthy seal suspend come across pester bounty take it easy praise probe wish for smudge startle obtain shoplift toss row trophy poverty twilight joy invention stream job unselfish tedious tasty phony (informal) spiteful on the edge partisan well-off shut tell off (informal) find vanish perimeter unwind d) DISAPPOINT: dissatisfy k) CONFUSION: disorder w) PREJUDICED: biased fasten postpone bring to light annoy carry on loaded (informal) skint (informal) cc) BOUNDARY: barrier .Which Word is Out? The words on the right are all synonyms except for one.
A soothsayer _________________________________________________ 28. A docent ___________________________________________________ 26. A proctologist __________________________________________________ 5. A concierge _____________________________________________________ 29.An ombudsman ______________________________________________ 30. A semanticist _________________________________________________ 21. A lepidopterist _______________________________________________ 25. A podiatrist ___________________________________________________ 12. Take a look at the word below and see if you know what the following people do. A picador___________________________________________________ 20. what the titles or classifications indicate.A philatelist ___________________________________________________ 3. Sometimes those occupations are opaque and mysterious because we don’t know what the words mean. A graphologist _______________________________________________ 23. A detailer ____________________________________________________ 19. A key grip _____________________________________________________ 7. A haberdasher ________________________________________________ 16. An arbitrager ___________________________________________________ 6.A gerontologist _______________________________________________ . A hydrologist _________________________________________________ 13. A demographer _________________________________________________ 10. A urologist ____________________________________________________ 11. An ICU nurse _________________________________________________ 15. An epidemiologist ____________________________________________ 27. of connection. An underwriter ________________________________________________ 14.WHAT DO THEY DO? What people do for a living is one point of contact. The ritual of introduction always has to do with establishing what other people do.A cartographer _________________________________________________ 8. A cryptographer ________________________________________________ 9. A diva ______________________________________________________ 22. A paleontologist ________________________________________________ 4. 1. A tout _______________________________________________________ 18. A sommelier _________________________________________________ 24. A numismatist _________________________________________________ 2. A taxonomist _________________________________________________ 17.
fear of speaking in public L-fear of saints or holy things M.fear of men V.homophobia 20-photophobia 21.fear of books P.fear of bathing S. PHOBIA 1.fear of pain Q. Take a look at the following list of fears and see if you can find the matching definition for the term.macrophobia 12.NAME YOUR FEAR Most people are afraid of something.sophophobia 22.fear of solitude or being alone Y.emetophobia 7.fear of marriage N.fear of smells H.fear of long waits K.bibliophobia 4.gamophobia 9.fear of heights R.fear of becoming a homosexual F -fear of light G.suriphobia 26-xenophobia MEANING A.scriptophobia 15-sociophobia 16-monophobia 17.fear of technology I.fear of darkness Z. Write the corresponding number next to it.technophobia 18-ablutophobia 19.androphobia 23.acrophobia 2-algophobia 3.fear of automobiles J.lygophobia 24-necrophobia 25.motorphobia 13.ergophobia 8.claustrophobia 6.fear of strangers or foreigners C-fear of writing in public D-fear of society or people in general E. Our fears can be rational or illogical.fear of mice B.fear of dead things T.hagiophobia 10.fear of knowledge .fear of confined spaces W.fear of vomiting O.chromophobia 5.fear of colors U.olfactophobia 14.glossophobia 11.fear of work X.
furs Gold Watches Platinum Sterling Silver Diamond Jade Ruby Sapphire Gold Emerald Diamond Platinum Diamond .WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES YEAR 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 20th 25th 30th 35th 40th 45th 50th 55th 60th 70th 75th BRITISH Cotton Paper Leather Fruit. Lace Leather Diamond Jewelry Pearls Textile. Copper Bronze Pottery Tin. Pottery Pottery. Aluminum Steel Silk Lace Ivory Crystal China Silver Pearl Coral. Silk Wood Iron Wool. Linen Lace Ivory Crystal China Silver Pearl Coral Ruby Sapphire Gold Emerald Diamond Platinum Diamond AMERICAN Paper Cotton Leather Linen. Copper Bronze. Flowers Wood Sugar Wool. Willow Tin Steel Silk. Jade Ruby Sapphire Gold Emerald Diamond Platinum Diamond MODERN Clocks China Crystal Appliances S Wooden Desk Items Linen.
over = excessively: Overripe fruit doesn’t taste good and might not keep well. or antonyms. PREFIX un dis in im il stable agreeable accurate mature legal BASE WORDS satisfactory satisfied accessible moral legitimate helpful count adequate patient licit Choose one of the prefixes listed above to form the opposite meaning of the adjectives listed below. but I’m still dissatisfied with it.PREFIXES Prefixes are syllables or groups of words joined at the beginning of another word to change its meaning or to create a new word. ultra = extremely: I wouldn’t like to live in an ultra-modern building. exceeding: The women outnumbered the men at the party. . self = to. acceptable complete decisive faithful healthy mortal personal respectful approachable conscious desirable flexible hospitable natural perfect sane appropriate contented discreet foreseen legible obedient polite sociable bearable convenient excusable frequent literate organized probable sufficient compatible credible experienced grateful logical passive readable visible The following prefixes alter the meaning of the words or their function within a sentence. under = inadequately: The car is so underpowered that it won’t go up hills. un = reversal of action: This knot is tight that I can’t undo it. miss = wrongly: “Accommodation” is a word that is frequently misspelled. re = again: I’ve rewritten the letter. we will be using prefixes to form the opposite meaning of the original adjectives. out = beyond. for oneself: The country is self-sufficient in oil. In this exercise.
Some can be used more than once. assure bid build button calculate cautious charge consider control cook count decorate do defense dress grow interest last live load lock open pack play print quote powered read record release report roll run sensitive screw staffed tell think tie understand unite use wind wit write .Use the prefixes listed above to alter the meaning of the words listed below.
OCCUPATIONAL BINGO Read the description for each occupation twice. Game can continue until there is a total “blackout”. diagonally or up and down shouts “Bingo”. The student who first identifies five across. Topic: _____________________ Name: _________________ B doctor I hairdresser N teacher G accountant O teller driver waiter nurse police officer dentist lawyer librarian FREE babysitter homemaker barber student custodian firefighter cook real estate veterinarian agent secretary custodian agronomist .
Then find the word in the Word List that is related to each word in the group and write it on the line. comb ____________ 8. sea. bathtub. play ____________ 3. paper. flash. short. toe.COMPARING WORD MEANING Read the word in each group below. finger. spy. finishing. sun. eye. pig. hospital. potter’s. wagon. time ___________ 14. gear. safety. circus. straight. piano. rake. multiplication. sky ___________ 15. roofing. drinking. rock ___________ 11. home. window ___________ 12. movie. ship’s. dinner. news ____________ 9. code ___________ 13. mystery. lucky ____________ 7. shooting. general’s. egg. The first one is done for you. water. lock. rolling ____________ 2. clothes. musical. night. bowling. _____pin____ 1. bull. false. picture. telephone ____________ 5. steering. boxing. flower. ball-point. dining. spinning ____________ 4. license ___________ 10. six-penny WORD LIST wheel shell teeth plate bed story pen light nail star key ring pin glass table . pie. snail ____________ 6. answer. tree. field. saw.
an Eskimo 2.a logger in Washington State 5. 7. a 19th century American Indian 26.a soldier 6.a nun 3.a camper / hiker 4.an eighty-year-old with no living relatives Q) a penthouse (suite) 19. a young couple with children A) a convent or nunnery B)a tent or camper C)a nursing home D)barracks or living quarters E)an aircraft carrier F)a shanty.PLACES – BUILDINGS PEOPLE LIVE IN Match the person to the building they live in.a queen 24.salesperson away from home 11.a monk 13.vacationers on a limited budget 10. a rich and famous person 25.a rich married couple on vacation 18.a successful advertising executive 14. shed or cardboard box G)an old hut H)the White House I)a monastery J)a log cabin K) a chalet L)an igloo M) a guest house N)a palace or castle O)a ranch P)a villa R) a wigwam or tepee 17. 20 a family who enjoys nature 21.a couple who likes the outdoors 22. an estate .A homeowner who dislikes maintenance chores. a single person who likes living in the city S) bed and breakfast T)a motel V)a condominium U)a single family home W) an apartment Y)a farmhouse X) a duplex Z.the President of the U. 1.a homeowner looking to share expenses 23.skiers in the mountains 12. a tramp or bum 16.S.a cowboy 15.a very wealthy family 8.a sailor 9.
15. keep your money in an account which receives interest is called a _____________________________________. If you want to hire a lawyer or draw up your will. you would go to a __________________________________. 18. CDs or movies. 7. but are looking for one.PLACES TO GO FOR A PURPOSE Amusement park Aquarium Art museum Bank Bar or pub Concert hall Convenience store Dry cleaners Funeral parlor Laundromat Law firm Library Plumber Post office Realtor Sports stadium Travel agency Zoo Employment agency Cinema or theater Fill in the blanks by choosing one of the places from the list above. you would go to a _. A place where famous paintings and sculptures are kept and displayed to the public is called a ___________________________. A place where you go to book a vacation (trip) and buy train tickets is a _____. A place where you can buy stamps.If you need to buy grocery items or a newspaper. 1. you would go to a _______.A place that serves drinks such as beer and whiskey and where people go to relax and meet friends is called a ___________________________. 19. If you have a burst pipe or a leaking faucet. 3. you would go to a ________________________________. 6. lions. If you need to arrange a burial. buy a new one or rent a place to live. The place where you go if you want to ride on a roller coaster or drive bumper cars is called an _____________________________________. tigers and bears. If you want to borrow books. 8. you would go to a _______. which can’t be washed at home. 4. you would go to a _______________________. you need to call a ____________. 10. The building where you go to see the latest blockbuster movie is called a ____. 17.A place where you can go to see many different kinds of fish swimming is called an ________________. you would go to the______. 2. 14. If you don’t have a job. The place where rock musicians and orchestras play is called a _____________. you would go to a __________. Dirty clothes. 11. but you don’t have a washing machine. If you want to watch a basketball game or a soccer match. . If you want to see monkeys. If your clothes need washing. you might go to a __________. post letters and pay bills is called a _____. 9. 13. 12.A place where you can arrange loans. 16. 5. 20. If you want to sell your house. are taken to a _____________.
A farmer is someone who __________________________________________ 9.A housekeeper is someone who _____________________________________ 10.A custodian is someone who ________________________________________ 2.A mechanic is someone who ________________________________________ 18.A librarian is someone who _________________________________________ 12-A machine operator is someone who __________________________________ 13.A veterinarian is someone who _____________________________________ 7.OCCUPATIONS QUIZ a) cleans offices /schools b) prepares meals c) cuts men’s hair d) operates machinery e) transports furniture f) fills and personal items prescriptions i)plants flowers /mows j) drives a bus the lawn m) makes repairs to buildings q) takes care of /watches children n) takes care of patients r) types letters / answers phones g) greets customers h) checks out books / offers information k) grows food / raises animals o) attends to sick animals s) opens / repairs locks l) cleans hotel / hospital rooms p) cuts /styles / colors hair t) repairs cars / trucks Complete each sentence by describing exactly what each person does.A pharmacist is someone who _______________________________________ 4.A gardener is someone who _________________________________________ 16. 1.A secretary is someone who _____________________ .A bus driver is someone who _______________________________________ 11. Example: An electrician is someone who installs or repairs electrical wiring.A nurse is someone who ___________________________________________ 19.A babysitter is someone who _______________________________________ 20.A cook / chef is someone who ________________________________________ 14.A maintenance person is someone who ________________________________ 15.A receptionist is someone who ______________________________________ 6.A hairdresser is someone who ______________________________________ 8.A barber is someone who ___________________________________________ 3.A locksmith is someone who _______________________________________ 5.A mover is someone who __________________________________________ 17.
mainly reading and writing. composing noun phrases with relative clauses. List 1 A policeman A parrot A pen A pear Poland A post office A panda Pre-history List 4 Australia An apple August An airport An artist An African An alligator acid List 7 A Cow Canada A Chicken A Carpenter A Cigarette Coffee A Cinema Christmas List 10 Night New Zealand A newspaper A nurse A nut A neighbor A nose A name List 2 A duck A doctor Denmark A door December A dream A daughter A dollar List 5 Hollywood A helicopter A hand A hotel A holiday A hairdresser History A horse List 8 A television Thailand A tomato A tiger Tennis A taxi driver A ticket A tooth List 11 Wine West Virginia The winter A wife A witch Water The west A wall List 3 A book Bangladesh Bread A bedroom A baby A bottle A bus A birthday List 6 Spaghetti A shoe Saudi Arabia A shop A snake The sun The summer A scientist List 9 The morning Malaysia A mother A motorcycle A map Matches Money Milk List 12 An egg England An elephant The evening An emperor An engine Economics An entrance .Nouns for Defining Use of relative clauses to define nouns. The lists of definitions are exchanged. and students work on each other’s clues: what were the original nouns? And which letter began them all? Advanced students can compose the original list of nouns or add to this one. Divide the class into pairs or small groups and assign one of the lists to each one. without the original nouns. Example: A post office: A place where you can buy stamps. They then copy their definitions. Ask them to come up with a definition for each noun.
grass 6. sheep 21. a bit of G. glass 11. a pane of H. medicine 24. an article of . keys 7. a bunch of K. a bundle of J. a plot of I. an anthology of F. land 12. light 22. nerves 4. a flash of O. sand 15.COLLOCATIONS FOR NOUNS AND THEIR PARTITIVES Match the partitive on the right hand column to the appropriate noun on the left. fresh air 5. anger 10. a blade of D. a bowl of V.poems 2 clothing 3. soup 19. a grain of W. gossip 16. toothpaste 26. a tube of S. luck 13. a spoonful of T. a bar of PARTITIVES A. a beam of C. a herd of E. a loaf of Z. a round of U. a breath of M. a piece of Q. cows 8. applause 18. a shot of Y. a flock of L. NOUN 1. whiskey 20. lightning 14. a clap of N. a collection of R. soap 23. short stories 17. thunder 9. bread B. a fit of P. a slice of X. life 25.
Each player receives one game board with numbers in each square. vertically. but each box must have a different verb. The purpose is to complete a row of five numbers horizontally. Here is the list: see sleep enjoy love color think want dance listen laugh have live miss draw drive eat hear make shop wear read sit buy say arrive write stand pour care fix study open cut give marry talk visit put pray sing speak take show leave smile come apply teach close wish go try learn call hope fly ask like pass share Created by Caroline Ouyang . Instead of words. let’s replace the numbers with words. Write a different verb in each box. pictures can be used in the game board. and they listen carefully to the speaker call out the numbers. To use Bingo to teach English. You can write the verbs in any box. Materials: Paper. Objective: To practice simple past tense & listening skills. Bingo can be used to review vocabulary or phonetics. B I N G O Directions: Read the list of verbs below. pen Time: 15 minutes Variations: In addition to verb tense. or diagonally.Bingo Bingo is a popular game for children and senior citizens.
MY PERSONAL STRENGTHS SHEET able to give orders able to take orders considerate cooperative funny generous hard worker healthy never gives up sensitive observant speaks several languages able to take care courteous of myself accepts advice creative gets along with helpful others gets things done gives a lot honest humorous often admired spiritual orderly organized spontaneous straight forward and direct strong team player tolerant trusting truthful understanding unselfish useful visionary warm well-dressed wise witty admires others daring affectionate alive appreciative articulate assertive athletic attractive bright brave businesslike calm can be firm if necessary caring clean committed dedicated dependable diligent disciplined goal setter good cook good dancer good friend independent inspiring intelligent joyful keeps agreements kind and reassuring leadership on time open patient peaceful physically fit pleasant positive attitude quick learner religious resilient respectful of authority respected by others responsible risk taker self-reliant self-respecting do what needs to good leader be done don’t give up good listener eager to get good looking along with others eager to please effective efficient elegant good manners likes responsibility good neighbor lots of friends good parent good singer lovable loving loyal makes a difference encourage others good with details enjoys taking care of others fair feeling good with words good with your makes a good hands impression graceful grateful mathematical mechanical common sense forceful communicates frank and honest happy well compassionate friendly hard worker motivates others sense of humor musical sensible .
reasonable true. fore. loathe assist. skill. fearless. accomplishment. reply. rejoin beg. zest. accurate. restore pal. accomplish vacant. approximately disaster. acquaintance sport. daring. irritate. insane. strike. credentials. inexpensive. disturb bold. consent. talented almost. terrible. experience. goofy act. unoccupied. peculiar annoy. spoiled odd. antagonist gusto. fitting. foster. exact. amend. flavor. courageous. vex. recreation. classmate. concede. nearly. upright cheerful. strange. implore. economical. calculate. aid. past awful. cuckoo. support beat. perform. execute. exotic. near. unfilled adversary. rival.IN OTHER WORDS: SYNONYMS WORD ability able about accident achievement add agree anger answer ask background bad bizarre bother brave cheap correct crazy do empty enemy excitement fair fat fight fix friend game good happy hard hate help hit SYNONYMS power. pleasure just. calamity feat. right. corpulent. proper. adroit. merry. retort. thrash . abhor. animosity. mishap. combine. lunatic. beseech backdrop. arduous. attainment. concur ire. fulfillment amplify. aptitude adept. pious. adventurous. pastime. companion. plump disagree. equitable obese. detest. skillful. assent. history. faultless. amusement virtuous. troublesome dislike. repair. incident. quarrel mend. ecstatic difficult. figure. joyous. void. weird. demented. talent. precise mad. perplexing. request. defective. valiant low-cost. pound. dreadful. brawl. despise. honorable. fleshly. feud. rage respond. displeasure.
construct. value. rapid grab. crafty. unvarying. brawny dull. agile. display. thought significant. unusual. harsh powerful. snatch educate. immense. atypical stern. severe. notice form. incompetent. regulation. tranquil faith. irregular. robust. swift still. rigid. homogenous. expense fleet. undertake vast. astonishment speedy. mistreat. create employment. mold. damage notion. strive. perceive. hearty. instruct. work great. seize. pious. design. essential design. dwell account. devout open. frank. sensible. endeavor. passion. hushed. prodigious sage. silent. adjacent. enthusiasm remain. creed. worth. journey attempt. bordering cost. profession. truthful injure. fast. edict. grasp. abuse. huge. leading. narration. intelligent. learned . cunning. develop trip. relevant. wait. vitality. principle affection. artful life. neighboring. positive amazement. gigantic rule. proclaim. equivalent view. lively. exhibit. description abnormal. doctrine announce. apprehend. devotion adjoining. devise. boundless. awe. fashion present. saintly. nimble. declare. voyage. demonstrate sneaky. candid. train. assured. notify uniform. report. confident. rest. belief. concept. energy. attachment. occupation. senseless. expedition. principle. obtuse certain.holy honest hurt idea important invent job large law love near price quick quiet religion report same see shape show sly spirit stay story strange strict strong stupid sure surprise swift take teach travel try wide wise religious. spacious.
finger) 10. chicken. “pre” / before: “post”/ ______________ (after. two / pair: twelve/______________ (dozen.pen / paper: chalk/___________ (eraser. happy) 19. boot) 6. duck. knee. warm) 14. blackboard) 20. again.raw /cooked: green/ _______________ ( pretty.on / off: top/_________________ (under. eggs. game. cent) 5. depth) 17. watch / wrist: ring/ ________________ (neck. bottom. coffee. cheap. watch. dime / ten: nickel/ _______________ (five. laugh / cry: smile/___________ (whisper. horse) 3. cut) 25. new . sad. antique) 1. lost) 18. boring / interesting : cheap/____________ (costly. arm. pencil. vegetable / corn: flower/________________ (beautiful. drunk. cough. man / men: tooth/__________________ ( teeth.ANALOGIES Find the relationship between the words in the first pair. inside) 23. shake. and then write the word that makes the same relationship in the second pair. decades. heavy.tea / cup: soup/______________ (liquid. tulip) 12. wide / long: width/___________ ( height. arm / elbow: leg/_________________ (toes. shoes) 15. arm. drank) 4. hospital. light) 9.puppy /dog : calf/________________(cow. money. foot / sock: hand/________________ (glove. study. notebook. melt. talk) 21. eat / ate: drink/__________________ (glass. face. white) .kite / fly: ball/ ________________ ( pull. buy. weeks. easy. late) 8. quartet. dentist. strong / weak: dark/ _______________ (black. one / won: two/_______________ ( three. inexpensive) 7. fruit. sale. plate) 16. mouth) 22. often. fire. Example: big / little: old / new (large . length. teacher / school : doctor/__________________ (sick. months) 24. penny. nurse. bouquet. too. patient) 2. hours / days: years/ _____________ ( seconds. thumb) 13. newspaper / read: television/_____________ (radio. over. tall. throw. frown. kitten. cold / freeze: hot/________________ (danger. body. grape. jewelry. dark) 11. ripe. fruit.yellow / lemon: purple/______________ (color. bowl. grab.
SYNONYMS Circle the word that come closest in meaning to the one on the left. a) Alive is the same as: b) Bleak is the same as: c) Create is the same as: d) Drudge is the same as: e) Eager is the same as f) Fraternal is the same as: h) Liberal is the same as: i) Keepsake is the same as: j) Ideal is the same as: k) Grapple is the same as: l)To leave is the same as: n) Harken is the same as: o) Earn is the same as: p) Dangle is the same as: q) Yearn is the same as: r) Perpetual is the same as: s) Organize is the same as: t) Satisfied is the same as: v) Trapped is the same as: u) Valor is the same is as: w) Alter is the same as: x) Caress if the same as: y) Demand is the same as: z) Refined is the same as: Animated Cold Make Dull Keen Kindly Free Memento Cheap Handle Depart Listen Behave Decorate Long Infinite Arrange Pleased Killed Sincerity Enlarge Whisper Leave Delicate Busy Gloomy Excite Toil Excited Wise Bizarre Generous Gift Flawless Wrestle Escape Dislike Wait Obtain Hang Swipe Occasional Support Contented Caught Virtue Change Sing Ask Snobbish Exciting Hard Grow Brown Quick Brotherly Obvious Socialist Bribe Useful Frame Engross Greed Entertain Have Destroy Deflate Continual Lead Proud Closed Bravery Sustain Stroke Endanger Precious g) Grotesque is the same as: Funny m) Begrudge is the same as: Envy .
ANTONYMS Circle the word that has the opposite meaning to the one on the left. a) The opposite of eager is: b) The opposite of grateful is: Slovenly euphoric Lethargic thankless rich superficial keen dreamy relaxed extinct jejune delectation vacuous insipid listless advance cloudy noisy strange cheerful light civilized perdition lying order marshy traditional delighted Disinterested ingratiating spiteful recondite industrious strange jaded bygone earnest rectitude sordid fascinating sleepy fight witty gradual normal dreadful hilarious polite contumely rude universe fertile grotesque scared c) The opposite of generous is: mean d) The opposite of profound is: abysmal e) The opposite of lazy is: f) The opposite of real is: g) The opposite of tense is: h) The opposite of defunct is: i)The opposite of frivolous is: j) The opposite of grief is: k) The opposite of crowded is: l) The opposite of jejune is: n) The opposite of retreat is: o) The opposite of sharp is: q) The opposite of ordinary is: r) The opposite of glum is: s) The opposite of gravid is: busy imaginary happy extant flighty parsimony replete mediocre flee dull unusual morose barren m) The opposite of energetic is: drowsy p) The opposite of quiescent is: frolicsome t) The opposite of barbarous is: kind v) The opposite of contempt is: esteem u) The opposite of tactful is: w) The opposite of chaos is: x) The opposite of arid is: y) The opposite of bizarre is: z) The opposite of thrilled is: blunt conformity wet outlandish sad .
Which country is the odd one out? a) Taiwan b) Russia c) China d) Hong Kong 5-Which bird is the odd one out? a) cuckoo b) penguin c) emu d) ostrich 6-Which piece of clothing is the odd one out? a) clog b) sarong c) pump d) moccasin 7-Which animal is the odd one out? a) marmoset b) orangutan c) gorilla 8-Which product is the odd one out? a) leather b) fur c) cotton d) wool d) gibbon 9.Which dish is the odd one out? a) pilaf b) risotto c) paella d) cannelloni 11.Which performance is the odd one out? a) opera b) concerto c) musical d) operetta .Which musical instrument is the odd one out? a) trumpet b) oboe c) clarinet d) flute 10.Which drink is the odd one out? a) milk b) tea c) coffee d) cocoa 12. select the one that is not part of the group.Which bird is the odd one out? a) eagle b) vulture c) crow d) falcon 2-Which language is the odd one out? a) Chinese b) English c) French d) Spanish 3. Indicate the reason(s) for your decision by deciding into what category your selections belong.WHICH ONE IS THE ODD ONE OUT? For each sentence below. 1.Which fruit is the odd one out? a) raisin b) currant c) fig d) sultan 4.
WHAT DO I DO? OR WHAT IS MY JOB? Print a variety of jobs on sticky notes or pieces of paper and pin them to the back of the students. The students then walk around asking other students questions to determine what's printed on their backs. the following questions can be written on newsprint or on the blackboard to guide them during the activity. Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Do I work in an office? Do people like me? Do I work inside? Do I work outside? Do I get elected? Do I work with people/animals/children/plants/the elderly? Does a man or a woman do my job? Do I work with food? Do I wear a uniform? Do I need special tools? Do I carry a weapon? Do I give orders? Do I have to travel a lot? Do I work alone? Do I treat sick people? Who benefits from my work? Is my work dangerous? Do I get a large salary? Do I use a computer? Do I meet a lot of people? Do I work in a safe/clean/dirty/noisy/quiet place? Is my job fun? Do I make something/ Am I athletic? Do I need a special license to do my work? Do I handle money? Am I well known? . To help students identify what their jobs are.
A flying insect _________________________________________________ 18.Somewhere you would find a crowd ________________________________ 10.Something cold _________________________________________________ 19.A form of transportation __________________________________________ 4.A good quality in a friend ________________________________________ 9. It helps them to understand what you mean.Something round _______________________________________________ 11-A bad quality in a friend _________________________________________ 12.GIVE AN EXAMPLE Try to give an example when you are talking to others.A snack food __________________________________________________ 8. Something hot _________________________________ .A sour fruit ___________________________________________________ 16. Practice that skill.Something triangular ____________________________________________ 6. 1.Something sharp _______________________________________________ 15.Something with fur ______________________________________________ 3.Something difficult to do __________________________________________ 20. Give an example for each thing listed below.A bad habit _____________________________________________________ 2.An irritating sound ______________________________________________ 5.A helpful thing to do ____________________________________________ 17.A place to swim _______________________________________________ 14.A good idea ___________________________________________________ 13.A place to shop ________________________________________________ 7.
made of plastic ______________ 9. that is wet ___________________ . that grows on a tree ____________ 12. a bird would like ___________ 6. that will hold liquid _____________ 26. that is bright color ______________ 24. that feels rough _________________ 10. used for measuring ______________ 15. found on a birthday cake __________ 4. longer than 4 inches (10 cm)________ 27. with a diameter less than 2 inches (5cm)__ 14.FIND SOMETHING……. made of wood ___________________ 23. with a pointed end ____________ 13. used to set a table ______________ 28.used for sewing ________________ 16. used in construction______________ 21. 1. found in a desk ________________ 20. made of rubber _____________ 11. round __________________ 3. that makes noise ____________ 5. with holes in it ___________________ 25. square __________________ 8. that turns _____________________ 18. for a baby_______________ 30. used for stirring ____________________ 17. that operates with batteries ____________ 19. with a pleasant smell ______ 22. made of glass __________________ 2. you take on a picnic______________ 7. used for decorating________________ 29.
FAMILY RELATIONS NAME aunt baby boyfriend (romantic) brother brother-in-law cousin daughter daughter-in-law ex-husband ex-wife Father/dad father-in-law fiancé fiancee girlfriend (romantic) goddaughter godfather godmother godson grandchild grandchildren grandfather grandmother grandparents half brother half sister husband Mother/mom mother-in-law PRONUNCIATION TRANSLATION .
nephew niece parents-in-law sister sister-in-law son son-in-law stepbrother stepchild stepchildren stepdaughter stepfather stepmother stepsister stepson uncle wife .
He is my brother. 14. He is my _________________________________.FAMILY RELATIONSHIP QUIZ Read the sentences carefully. He is my uncle. 5. I’m her ___________________________________. 21. I am his son. 2. He is my husband. She is my godchild. 8. I’m her brother. I’m her ______________________. I am his grandchild. He is her _____________________________. She is my ______________________. Variation: Write the family terms on individual cards and distribute to your students. 12. 10. He is her brother. I’m his _____________________. They are our ____________________________. He is my _____________________. I baptized him. I am her daughter. Dictate each sentence twice and have students read the corresponding answer. I’m her ___________________. We are their ___________________. She is my grandmother. My mother’s mother is my ________________________. I’m his _______________________. 27. She is my wife. She is his mother. She is my sister’s daughter. He is married to my sister. 4. 28. 18. I’m his _________________________. 29. 23. They are our parents. 22. 16. She is my _____________________. I am his ___________________. 11. 9. I’m her ________________________. He's my __________________________. Write the correct family relationship on the line. 20. 30. She is my wife’s mother. 13. . 7. I’m her ____________________. 3. My uncle’s children are my _______________________. My grandmother's sister is my __ _________________. He’s my stepson. 15. She is my ____________________________. He is my ______________________. 19. She is his ___________________. 17. I am his nephew. He is my brother’s son. She is my ___________________. 26. I used to be married to her. My husband’s parents are my _________________________. I’m her cousin. 6. He is my _________________. 24. My grandson’s son is my ________________________. We are their children. She is my cousin. He is my _________________________________. He is my _______________________________________. She is my_________________. I’m his cousin. 25. 1.
FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE What is the proper use of the following things? Put a check mark next to the appropriate choice. Couscous Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ 11. Sarong 13. Mantilla 8. Citroen Wear it ___ Eat it ___Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it . Telex Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ 14. Dashiki 4. Haiku 9. Gherkin 6. Benedictine Wear it ___ Eat it ___Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ 15. 1. Lorgnette 2.Chorizo 7. Bolero Wear it ___Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ 10. Potboiler 5. Ouzo 3. Jitney 12.
can name a subtitled movie he or she has seen. overslept one time last week. disagrees with his/her parents or children about curfew. ___________________ mother is bilingual. knows someone who is self-employed. ___________________ ______________________ SIGNATURE ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ___________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ . thinks hospitals are antiseptic places. Feels uncomfortable in hot weather. disapproves of teachers wearing jeans prefers semisweet chocolate bars to milk chocolate would take an interplanetary trip if possible. AND ADD SOMONE WHOSE… name is often mispronounced by native speakers of English. participates in an extracurricular activity.THE INTERACTIVE PREFIX SURVEY GET THE SIGNATURE OF SOMEONE WHO…… is in favor of prenuptial agreements. father is a nonsmoker. has seen the reentry of a space shuttle. can name a fictional superhero.
law enforcement officer 3.to pass away 10.Where can I wash my hands? 14.miscarriage 15.economical with the truth 9.make-shift home 19.pro-choice 6.EUPHEMISMS A euphemism (from the Greek words eu – well and pheme – speak) is a word or expression that is used when people want to find a polite or less direct of talking about difficult or embarrassing topics like death or bodily functions.senior citizen 2. for example.substance abuser 12.white meat 7.career apparel 17.motion discomfort 26.person with a visual impairment 11.dark meat 22.room attendant a) to die b) meat from the chicken’s breast c) a liar d) a person who doesn’t attend church e) pornography f) gravedigger g) loafers h) maid i) uniforms j) jet ski k) a blind person l) cardboard house m) seasickness n) one who supports abortion 0) involuntary pregnancy termination p) the library q) meat from the chicken’s thigh r) a mole s) police officer t) reducing the number of employees u) Where’s the toilet? v) old person w) a drug addict x) porn star y) junk mail z) an illegal immigrant MEANING: .personal watercraft 5.adult video / entertainment 8. EUPHEMISM: 1.adult entertainer 18.nonbelievers 16.beauty mark 25.learning resource center 23. They would soften the pain by saying: We had Fido put down or We had Fido put to sleep.guest worker 21. Most people.direct marketing 20.slip-ons 24.downsizing 13.undertaker 4. would find it very difficult to say in plain language that they have arranged for their sick old dog to be killed.
.hook and loop fastener K.a nasal decongestant cream B.Vaseline 24-Walkman 25-Ferris wheel 26-Pampers / Huggies 27. especially one with blond hair.nutrition supplement drink for athletes CC.an amusement ride consisting of a rotating wheel.a soft pastry bar filled with fig U.Frigidaire 11-Frisbee 12-Hi-liter 13.Q-tips 23. NAME OR BRAND 1.a marker with its own source of ink DD.Cuisinart 7-Scotch Tape 8-Dixie cup 9-Fig Newton 10.Popsicle 22.Chap Stick 6. Example: Jell-O has become identified as the name for fruit-flavored gelatin.pure petroleum jelly S.Levi’s 16-Lifesavers 17-Liquid Paper 18.Ziploc 2.Magic Marker 19.compact utility station wagon F.a brand of electric refrigerator FF.Polaroid 20.a scouring pad impregnated with soap X.round hard candy T.Velcro 28-Post-it-note 29.anti-septic mouthwash M. shapely woman.cotton swab applicator E.a flavored lip balm stick L.pencil-style highlighting marker C.a brand of plastic storage bags BB.Jeep 14.thermal insulated bottle or box G.portable cassette or CD player D.pants made of denim fabric Z-a flying disk AA.Pop Tart PROPER NAME A.Sanka 21.plastic adhesive bandage strip H.Gatorade 5.a brand name for opaque correction fluid EE.Kleenex 15. Match the name or brand on the left column with the real product on the right. Barbie doll has become identified with a slim.disposable cups Q-instant coffee R.Listerine 31.Vick’s 32.instant film camera Y. blue eyes and fair skin.colored ice candy on a stick I-soft facial tissue J.Thermos 30.Band-aid 3-Brillo-pads 4.toaster pastry P.self-stick removable reminder note V.cellophane adhesive tape N-disposable diapers O.a brand of food processor W.EPONYMS Eponyms are words that have been formed based on the name of a person (real or fictitious) or brand.
ELIMINATION GAME One of the words in each group below does not belong. Cross out the one that does not belong. You must provide a reasonable rationale for your choice as multiple answers are possible. An example has been completed for you. a) car b) cookies c) clouds d) book e) scissors f) horse g) skirt h) water i) man j) television k) snake l) owl m) pencil n) shell o) foot p) window r) compact disk s) apple t) river v) floor u) refrigerator train cake grass telephone knife cow shirt banana house radio frog desk paper water mouth porch record vinegar lake pot stove airplane ice stars newspaper fork cat umbrella milk tree money bird student crayon ruler nose door book peach road dish dryer computer pie moon magazine spoon flower sock juice fish computer rock chair pen sand ear bread cassette strawberry mountain bowl lawnmower .
ghetto L.Social expression products 17-Clothing refresher 18.Revenue enhancement 5.loss U.Fiscal underachiever 8.Internment excavation expert 26.poor D. three or ten words in the place of one.tax V. plain English meaning from the words on the right from the words on the left.Urban transportation specialist 22.User’s fee 7.death penalty E-manicurist F-constipation G.civilian deaths J-death house K.Correctional facility 23.Dentures 9.secret Z-prisoner of war .gravedigger T. government officials use a five-letter word such as “at this point in time” for the more practical word “now”.Previously owned 15-Facial-quality tissue 16.torture X.Interrogation techniques 19-Genuine imitation 20. Doublespeak refers to the use of two. Translate doublespeak by selecting the clear.cab or bus driver W.Permanent pre-hostility 24-Inner city 25.peace M.Capital sentences unit 14.Occasional irregularity 11.Capital punishment PLAIN MEANING A.Nail technician 10.Collateral casualty 12.riot O-prison P-used Q-junk dealer R. In doublespeak.toilet paper H-greeting cards I.prostitute Y.Civil disorder 21.Equity retreat 13. DOUBLESPEAK 1.fake N.false teeth S.Classified 4.slum. Doublespeak is the language that separates the bureaucrats from the human beings.tax increase B-dry cleaner C.DOUBLESPEAK Doublespeak refers to language use mainly by government bureaucrats to confuse the average citizen.Sex industry worker 2-Auto dismantler and recycler 3.Detainee 6.
Example: The choir is rehearsing tonight. animals or things that are considered as a group and not as individuals. The verb that follows the collective noun is always used in the singular.COLLECTIVE NOUNS A collective noun is a noun that defines a collection of persons. Our team has won the tournament. arms) cast (of actors) choir clan class clutch (of eggs) colony committee company congregation corporation council crew crowd crush (of hippopotamus) deck (of cards) department enemy faculty family firm fleet . flock gang government group grove herd horde jury league litter majority minority mob nation navy nest (of vipers) network orchestra pack pride (of lions) pod public range (of mountains) regiment school senate squad society staff swarm team troop troupe anthology archipelago army audience band batch belt (of asteroids) board brood bunch cabinet cache (of jewels.
CLIPPED WORDS Clipped words are the shortened forms of longer words. ad (advertisement auto (automobile) bike (bicycle) bra (brassiere) burger (hamburger) bus (omnibus) champ (champion) Co-ed (co-educational) con (convict) deli (delicatessen) dorm (dormitory) exam (examination) fan (fanatic) fax (facsimile) flu (influenza) fridge (refrigerator) gas (gasoline) gym (gymnasium) lab (laboratory) limo (limousine) Lube (lubrication) lunch (luncheon) math (mathematics) memo (memorandum) mike (microphone) movie (moving picture) pants (pantaloons) Pen (penitentiary) perk (perquisite) phone (telephone) photo (photograph) Pike (turnpike) plane (airplane) pro (professional) prom (promenade) props (properties) stereo (stereophonic) sub (submarine) taxi (taxicab) teen (teenager) tie (necktie) tux (tuxedo) typo (typographical error) van (caravan) vet (veterinarian) vet (veteran) zines (magazines) zoo (zoological park) .
bit (binary + digit) brunch (breakfast + lunch) chortle (chuckle + snort) conman (confidence + man) dumfound( dumb + confound) email (electronic + mail) fanzine (fan + magazine) Frenemy (friend + enemy) flurry (flutter + hurry) fortnight (fourteen + nights) frizzle (fry + sizzle) glimmer (gleam + shimmer) malware (malicious + software moped (motor + pedal) emoticon (emotion + icon) ANIMALS AND THEIR MEAT ANIMAL Buffalo Calf Chicken Cow Deer Goat Pig Sheep buffalo veal chicken Beef venison Goat meat pork Lamb/mutton (young or old sheep) MEAT motel (motor + hotel) pixel (picture + element) scifi (science + fiction) sitcom (situation + comedy) skylab (sky + laboratory) smash (smack + mash) smog (smoke + fog) Skype (sky + peer to peer) squiggle ( squirm + wiggle) paratroopers (parachute + troopers) telecast (television + broadcast) telethon (television + marathon) twirl ( twist + whirl) webinar (Worldwide web + seminar) Wi-Fi (wireless + fidelity) .PORTMANTEAU WORDS A Portmanteau word is a word created by combining the sound and meaning two different words to give it a new meaning.
__________________________ of turtles .__________________________ of ducks 10.__________________________ of bees 5.__________________________ of swine 24.__________________________ of bears 4.__________________________ of badgers 3.__________________________ of larks 17.__________________________ of hares 15.__________________________ of cranes 8.__________________________ of peacocks 20-__________________________ of plovers 21-__________________________ of quails 22-__________________________ of rhinoceros 23.__________________________ of ants 2.__________________________ of crows 9.__________________________ of geese 12-__________________________ of gnats 13.__________________________ of toads 25.__________________________ of leopards 18.__________________________ of goldfinches 14.__________________________ of elks 11.__________________________ of hawks 16.__________________________ of cats 7. bale clowder crash husk siege brace clutter drift knot skein kettle colony exaltation leap sleuth cete congregation gang murder volery charm covey hive muster watch 1.__________________________ of nightingales 19.__________________________ of birds 6.A QUIZ OF COLLECTIVE NOUNS Match the animal with its appropriate collective noun.
ORIGINS ANIMAL. Cork wool hat marshmallow penny paper clip glass envelope gold earrings automobile tire plastic drinking straw silk scarf peach pit ostrich feather magazine grass lettuce cotton seaweed man’s beard chewing gum rubber band milk leather shoes orange juice balloon wooden toothpick bacon marbles aluminum foil fur coat key velvet curtains cherries cactus chocolate nylon hair newspaper water sand crayons coffee pearls candles egg pencil lead candy cane duck . VEGETABLE OR MINERAL Divide these words into the three categories listed above.
This is a side effect/affect of the medication. The band is exiting/exciting the stadium now. 24. 23. 19. 26. 22.Listen to the counsel / council of your elders.We could not hear / here the teacher speaking. 17. 18.DIFFICULT WORDS Circle the word that best completes the sentence.I’m not sure weather / whether I can attend your class.I think your / you’re the best students around.The doctor’s advise / advice was for me to take a complete rest.All of my students are hear / here.The experience had a profound affect / effect on her. 11-Who’s / whose dictionary is this? 12. 8. 4-The capital / capitol of China is Beijing.I hope the storm did not affect / effect your plans. 16. 6-The Sahara dessert / desert is located in Africa.Your / you’re wife is beautiful. 29.I admire the town’s principal / principles. 2. 3-I really need to lose / loose some weight.There was an interesting collage / college hanging on the wall. 27.I wrote a letter on perfumed stationary / stationery. 30. 25. 5-You need to begin every sentence with a capitol / capital letter. .The principle / principal is the head of the school. He is better at grammar than/then I am.I like English too / two.Albie the dog knows its / it’s name.Why does Jose always loose / lose his socks? 9-You’ll go to jail if you commit a capital / capitol offense. 7. 10. 1-David had chocolate mousse for dessert / desert.The ordinance was approved by the council / counsel. 13. 14.This is really exciting/exiting! 28. 20-Ellen complimented / complemented Frank’s tennis game. 15-The students took their / there test at home. 21.
the living room 8. the basement 15. l)a place where wet or muddy clothes can be removed. the rec room 10. the porch ACTIVITY a) a place to wash b) a veranda or roofed patio to relax c) a place to hang coats d) a place to relax and talk e) a place to cook f) a place to grow flowers and vegetables g) a place to keep the car h)a place to eat i) a place equipped for informal entertainment. the attic 14. o) a place intended for husband and wife to rest. q) a place that connects a house or garage to the street. the family room 11. . p) a place where clothes are washed and ironed. n) a recreation room especially for the use of family members. the driveway 17. the garage 5. the hall 9. master bedroom 19. j) a place with a floor and no roof attached to the house. ROOM 1. lanai 20. t) an open or enclosed gallery to sit outside. k) a place directly below the roof of a house. the garden 6. the deck 16. nursery room 12. the laundry room 13. m) a place below ground level. mudroom 18. the bathroom 7. the dining room 3. r) a place where a baby sleeps s) a place to sleep. the kitchen 2.AT HOME – PARTS OF THE HOUSE What are these rooms used for? Match each part of the house with what usually happens in it. the bedroom 4.
WRITING ACTIVITIES .
Are you a writer? __________________ (If your answer is YES. If your answer is NO.) 2. What does someone have to do or know in order to write well? 6. How do people learn to write? 4. How often do you write at home? 10.How do you decide what you’ll write about? Where do your ideas come from? 8. How did you learn to write? 3.Why do people write? List as many reasons as you can think of. 5. answer question 3. how do you feel about what you write? . answer 4. In general.What kinds of response help you most as a writer? 9.WRITING SURVEY NAME:______________________________DATE: _________________ 1. What kinds of writing do you like to do? 7.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY What is your name? How old are you? How many siblings do you have? What is your birth order? (First. youngest) Do you live with your parents? What is your favorite book and why? What do you like to do in your spare time? Who is your favorite singer? How do you feel about the environment? What is one city you would like to visit someday? What is your favorite song and why? What is your favorite childhood memory . middle.
books __________________________________________________________ People think I __________________________________________________________ I like to read about ______________________________________________________ Id’ rather read than ______________________________________________________ To me.INTEREST INVENTORY Student’s Name ________________________________ Date:____________ When I have to read. homework _______________________________________________________ I wish people wouldn’t ____________________________________________________ When I finish high school _________________________________________________ I’m afraid ______________________________________________________________ When I take my report card home __________________________________________ I feel proud when _______________________________________________________ The future looks ________________________________________________________ I like to read when _______________________________________________________ For me. I ___________________________________________________ To be grown up _________________________________________________________ My idea of a good time is _________________________________________________ School is _____________________________________________________________ I can’t understand why ___________________________________________________ I wish teachers _________________________________________________________ Going to college ________________________________________________________ To me. studying ________________________________________________________ I wish I could ___________________________________________________________ I look forward to ________________________________________________________ I’d read more if _________________________________________________________ When I read aloud ______________________________________________________ I would like to be ________________________________________________________ .
It is three o’clock in the (1) ______________________.. Do you want to come. watching my favorite (3) _________________________ on the TV. It will be fun!” “OK. “I want to play (10) ______________________. Maybe we can give them some (14) _____________________ to eat. In ten minutes we are there. (9) _______________?” asks Jack. We can (11) _______________________ at the monkeys. Jack . I hear some (4) ___________________________ outside. Wait a minute.AT THE ZOO floor door bedroom baboons footsteps afternoon zoo food cartoon kangaroos poodle look too school goodbye football Fill in the blanks by choosing one of the words from the table above that completes the meaning of each sentence.” I answer. I invite them in and we all sit on the (7) ____________________. mom!!” Then. the ___________ (12) ___________________ and the (13) ________________________ as well. I’ll call her. It’s Jack. You can’t believe what happens next …………………….” “Please come. Let’s go to the zoo. With him is his dog. I am sitting in my (2) _______________________. my friend from (5) ___________________________. Pocka. “I don’t know. Pocka and I go out the front (16) ______________________. Suddenly. “Pocka and I want to see the animals in the (8) _____________________. Pocka is a (6) ______________________. . I have to tell my mother. (15) __________________________.
a baby .. some sleep …….an outing.a lesson..a game. a break.a dream.a cigarette …….a rest. an idea ……..things to drink (a cup of tea/coffee. some fun ……. a session.things to eat (breakfast. a snack.. a swim ……. a discussion. a lecture ……. an injection. a treat. a picnic ……...YOU CAN HAVE …….a shower.a celebration. a steak)... a run..a good/bad/exciting/dull/happy day or time ……. ……. a meal. a bath..an operation.... a sandwich. a party. ……. a quarrel ……. a glass of wine/beer) …….. some treatment …….a talk. some exercise …….
MY FAVORITE SANDWICH Take a look at the list of ingredients below and put together your favorite sandwich. Read your description to your partner. Types of bread: (toasted or untoasted) White rye whole wheat baguette Condiments: Ketchup mayonnaise mustard olive oil vinegar salt pepper (ground) Types of Cheese: American Cheddar Swiss feta Munster Types of Meat: Ham pastrami turkey chicken breast corned beef roast beef bacon tuna Vegetables: Lettuce tomatoes sauerkraut peppers onions olives pickles mushrooms relish Anything else? .
it was time to go home.ing __________________ Adverb ________________________________ Verb Weather __________________________ Verb Transportation ___________________ Verb Transportation .e. It was a __________ (Adjective) day in __________ (Month) and __________ (Man's name) decided to __________ (Verb). skip. take a taxi. in the -ing form). but was __________ (Adjective) for the chance to do so.e.ing _____________ Verb __________________________________ Adverb of frequency ___________________ A Day in the Life . run. A Day in the Life … Adjective _____________________________ Month _________________________________ Man's name_____________________________ Verb __________________________________ Noun __________________________________ Noun __________________________________ Verb __________________________________ Adjective _____________________________ Verb ending in . While he was _________ (Verb of transportation i..MAD LIBS Mad libs are a great way to practice parts of speech. etc. As soon as he got to the __________ (Noun).. He gathered his things and began to walk home. He __________ (Adverb of frequency) forgot such things! . it began to __________ (Verb concerning the weather) so he decided to __________ (Verb of transportation i. the time passed __________ (Adverb) and before he knew it. take a taxi. he sat down and took out his __________ (Noun).). skip. Unfortunately. he noticed that he had forgotten to __________ (Verb). __________ (Verb ending in -ing). Students share their piece with the rest of the class. He certainly hadn't expected to be able to __________ (Verb). Students first select a part of speech for each line and insert their answers into the paragraph. run. etc.
To help you in writing this composition. mirrored) What color is it painted? Does it have an attached bathroom? What kind of closet do you have? (small. rug. tile or hardwood) What kind of window treatment does it have? (curtains. alarm clock)? . shades) What type of ceiling does it have? (tiles.MY BEDROOM You are about to write a composition describing your bedroom. DVD player. carpet. How big is your room? Where is it located within the house or apartment? How many windows does it have? Does it have access to a patio or balcony? What kind of floor covering does it have? (linoleum. large. poured concrete. an air conditioner unit or central air? What kind of furniture do you have in the room (bed. lamp. answer the following questions. popcorn. walk-in) Does it have a lot of light? Is it well ventilated (lots of fresh air circulating in the room)? Does it have a fan. drapes. night table. vertical blinds. dresser. TV/VCR.
COLUMN A car ran out of gas forgot my homework house is for sale window was broken met a friend to play ran across the street talked to the teacher wanted to forget it shared her lunch walked my dog saw an interesting film got a call from my friend sold my computer when the sandwiches are ready she wants to work behind the counter at the bank downtown the new restaurant took a picture a quiet neighborhood COLUMN B a woman was crying met a new friend lost the key got caught in the rain ate a hot dog drove to the store went on a trip had dinner late went outside to meet her cooked a big dinner my relatives came for a visit went to the supermarket for milk want an ice cream sundae is ordering coffee getting a new job the doorbell ring in line at the bus stop while singing in the shower shopping for a new dress was very angry . I met a friend to play soccer and then we ate a hot dog. Change the phrases a little if you need to. Add as many other words as you want. How many sentences can you make? Examples: A woman was crying because her window was broken.PUT-TOGETHERS Put together a sentence by selecting a phrase from column A and another phrase from column B.
Read it to your classmates and have them guess what animal you are.I normally live for __________________ . I _______________________. 6. 7-____________________ is / are afraid of me.I live in _____________________________. 9. 5. 1. I usually ___________. I normally ________________________________.I don’t eat ___________________________. 8.I normally eat _________________________.ANIMAL HABITS Select an animal.I am afraid of _________________________. 10-My mother taught me ___________________. 3. 4-When I have to move. Complete the following sentences as the animal in the first person.At night I _____________________________. 12.My babies usually live in / under __________.During the day. 11. bird or fish you identified with.If I want to find a mate. 2.
How long does it last? . 4. 2. 1. 5. 7. What is the name of the holiday? When is it? Is it a religious holiday? Is it a political holiday? How do people celebrate the holiday? What traditions are celebrated? What is special about the celebration? Do people wear costumes? Do people prepared/eat special foods? 10. 8.A FAMOUS HOLIDAY IN YOUR COUNTRY Write a paragraph about a famous holiday in your country. Answer some of the questions that are listed below. Do people have special parties? 11. What customs are celebrated? 12. 6. 9. 3.
DESCRIBING PEOPLE You are about to write a detailed description of the person that appears on the photo. Physical Characteristics: Height Tall Medium Short Build big medium slender petite stocky thin/slim gangly Skin complexion white black brown mulatto olive yellow tanned Length of Hair long medium short cropped bald (absence of hair) Color of eyes Blue Green/hazel Black Brown Gray Color of hair black blonde/blond red brown/brunette gray Salt and pepper Shape of the face round oval long Hair texture straight curly wavy kinky dreads Facial Marital status Hair Single Moustache Married Beard Divorced Goatee Widower Clean-shaven Widow Hobbies Your choice Occupation Your choice retired (no longer working) Education Elementary school High school graduate College graduate Doctorate Family Composition Your choice Age According to photograph Personality: Review the “Adjectives that Describe Personality” handout to come up with the characteristics that describe his/her personality. To help you with that description. select the appropriate adjectives under the following categories. Use your imagination for those items not obvious from the photo. .
though through tired tonight too trouble truly Tuesday two used very wear Wednesday week where whether which whole women won’t would write .THE HARDEST WORKING WORDS I it at the and to a you of in we for ache again always among answer any been beginning believe blue break built business busy buy can’t choose color coming cough could country dear very my had our from am one time he get making many meant minute much none often once piece raise read ready said says seems separate shoes since some straight sugar sure tear they do been letter can would she when about they an that is your have will be are not as done don’t early easy enough every February forty friend grammar guess half having hear heard here hoarse hour instead just knew know laid this with but on if all so me was Here is a list of the 100 words most often used in reading and talking.
4.WRITING TOPICS 1.Write about the qualities you would like in a mate. 13.Write about the qualities you least admire in adults.Are there sounds or smells that you associate with home? Write about them. 23.Write about a wish that you have right now? 20.Explain how you have stood up to a challenge. 15.Describe a vacation you enjoyed. 18. 7. Describe them one by one. what name would you choose for yourself? Why? 17. or friend.Explain three of the nicest things others would have said about you.Write about some things you hate to do.What is there about you that makes your friends like you? Explain your answer with examples.Are you happy with your first name? Why? If not. 2.Tell about a job experience where you made a friend. 3. 25.Describe a hero you have had in the past. (exclude people) Explain the significance of these items to you.Did you have some favorite childhood toys? Write about them.Describe three of your simple pleasures. 11-Write about the qualities you most admire in adults. 9. name five things that you would save. 16.Tell about a person you admire today.Write about the greatest disappointment you ever had.If you were in a fire. sister. Why the hate? Try to get some insight into this aspect of your personality.Make a list of the people that matter to you. mother’s and your own tombstone. 8. 12.Write an inscription for your father’s.Describe yourself as your best friend would describe you.Describe the best thing you liked about your neighborhood when you were growing up. 14. 24.Describe how you used to tease your brother. 22. 5.Explain the things that make you unique.What is the hardest challenge at college? 19. 6. 21. 10. .
psychologist. DVD players. secretary. flat screen TV. baseball or other sports? Would you consider space for an organic vegetable garden? What would the cafeteria look like? What kind of food will be offered to the students? Where would you place the teachers' lounge? Will you allow for a clinic and nurse’s station? How many offices will be available for support personnel such as the principal.. i. cooks and so on? What kind of transportation system will be in place? .e. Where would you situate the school? How many hours a day would the school be open? How many students would it accommodate? How many stories will it have? How many classrooms? How many bathrooms will there be and where would they be located? Will there be a science lab? How big will the auditorium be? How many volumes will the library hold? Will it feature a swimming pool? What about a gym? What kind of technology do you envision. Smart board.MY IDEAL SCHOOL A fabulously wealthy NGO has selected your neighborhood to build a model school in your country. Write a composition describing the way your new school would look. Since money is no object. the committee has solicited input from the future students as to what facilities they would like to see in their new school. a listening lab? Will it have sports fields for football. nurse. Here are a few things to keep in mind as you write.
height/weight/. Story #1 Ask the students to provide the details of a story after you write on the board: “Once upon a time……. clothing/colors) Family: Location/place: Age: Job: Hobbies: Food: (likes and dislikes) A plot: After completing the story on the board.. supply students with pictures and have them create an individual story based on the character on the picture.SKELETON STORIES Provide students with the bones they need to start writing a short story and then have them read their stories to the rest of the class. Each group fills in the blanks for the following list: Name of a person: A job: Name of a town: A sport: A place: Name of another person: Job: A verb: A kind of food: A TV show: A particular time: Then ask the students from each group to fill in the blanks in the following script using the information already compiled: . Story #2: Divide the class into groups.” A man/woman: Name: Description: (color of hair/eyes.
each group reads their story aloud. He (She) liked to play_______________. After eating. He/she has a/an food beverage _____________________. animal . At the end. Everyday ______________ would go to _____________. He (She) lived in _______________. He/she lives in ________________. Story #3 I know a/an _______________ man/woman/girl/boy/child whose name is adjective _____________________. If time allows. the stories could be printed on newsprint and then displayed around the classroom for review. They would ___________. There ___________ would meet ______________ a friend who was a/an_______________. they would watch _______________ on TV. He/she is a/an name place ____________________.There was once a _______ named____________ who was a/an ______________. Then they would go to bed at ______________. He/she eats job action verb __________________ and drinks ______________. He/she likes _______________ing.
…. 10-…… convincing your boss to give you a raise.. 11-…… with three animal sounds in it.…… that tells what a giraffe would say if it could talk. 8. describing your favorite pizza.…. 15. 5-…… that tells someone to do something. beginning with first and ending with last. 9. 13.…… mentioning your last vacation.…. 2. 16. 18-…… talking about your car. describing the perfect ice cream sundae. 4. 7-…… describing your best friend...with three colors in it.….…… that a three-year old might say. when borrowing something from your neighbor. with your name in it.…… with nine words that tell about an animal. 6..SENTENCE STARTERS Write a sentence ……. 20. 17.…… that describes your worst habit. 19. that tells something great about yourself.…. 3-…… that would make your friend laugh aloud. 1-……. 12.…. .…… telling what a pilot might say to the control tower.about your worst fear. 14..….
intelligent 42. strange 29. innocent 3. silent 41.difficult 12. honest 28. nervous 17. simple 7. convenient 20. kind 38. anxious 48. dignified 36. religious 39. curious 2. proud 4. wealthy 47. different 6. sad 10. generous 43.foolish 8. beautiful 19. weak 32. deep 14. gentle 22. noisy 50. mysterious 49. sympathetic 34. ignorant 27. ugly 21. free 31. possible 24. angry 13. wide 25. dangerous 35. high 16. young 9. important 11. 1. absent 37. bitter 23. confident 46. ill 33. happy 30. strong 15. dead 18. jealous 44. healthy . cruel 45. sarcastic curiosity 26. true 40. sick 5.NOUN AND ADJECTIVE FORMS Write the noun form that corresponds to each adjective.
I’m looking forward to ______________________________________. 1. A good gift for a friend is a _________________________________.I’m tired of _______________________________________________. 16. 11. 24. 15. Some good foods to serve at a party are _______________________. 14. 25. I’m worried about __________________________________________. The best thing about the United States is _______ . 2. 6. 23. 21. 19. 22. I’m happy about __________________________________________. 18. It is hard to be a teenager because ____________________________.I’m planning on ___________________________________________. 7. My favorite thing to wear is _________________________________. I dislike the United States because ____________________________. 3. I’m most relaxed when ______________________________________ 12. 8. Some things I want to buy are _______________________________. I’m interested in ___________________________________________. It’s irritating when _________________________________________. 20. The thing I am most afraid of is ______________________________. 17. 5. I like the United States because ______________________________.SENTENCE STARTERS TWO Complete each sentence with your own words. 10. 4. The most useful thing I own is _______________________________. Teachers should ___________________________________________. I hate ___________________________________________________. I can’t stand ______________________________________________. 13. Saying no is ______________________________________________. 9.My friends think that I ______________________________________.It is harder to be a man than a woman because__________________. Behind my back people say __________________________________.
science 4.graph 10. A dictionary will be useful here to check spelling.German 8-state 9.central 6. explain to your partner why you have chosen this particular noun.MAKING ADJECTIVES Each of the words in the following list can be used to form “-ic” adjectives. After you finish finding the “-ic” adjectives. Find at least ten adjectives.analysis 13.barbarian 11-metal 12. NOUN 1-fantasy 2-gymnasium 3.Satan 7.emblem 19.problem 14.symphony 16.gene 5. add a noun of your choice to each. In pairs.electricity 18.comedy 17.scene 15. for example.automaton 20-capital “-IC” ADJECTIVE NOUN PHRASE . “fantastic experience”.
. I was puzzled by …………………………………………………………………………………. I was surprised to hear from …………………………………………………………………………………. Try to be as creative as possible. I ………………………………………………… . I realized …………………………………………………………………………………. I was dismayed to find out …………………………………………………………………………………. 9. 7. 10. 6.. While waiting for the bus yesterday. 8. When I arrived in class this morning.While I was eating supper yesterday. I found …………………………………………………………………………………. 3. 5. While reading the novel. When the phone rang yesterday. 11. I noticed …………………………………………………………………………………. I remembered ………………………………………………………………………………….. I learned …………………………………………………………………………………. 13. While searching for a parking space... When I looked at the front page of the newspaper last night. I saw ………………………………………………………………………………….. I was astonished to see ………………………………………………………………………………….. While I was watching TV yesterday. 4. When the doorbell rang yesterday... I ………………………………………………………………………………….While looking in my purse last night..When I got to my job. 12. When I opened my schoolbag in class. I was dumbfounded by …………………………………………………………………………………. I was amazed to see ………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I …………………………………………………………………………………. 14. When my sister started to cry.SENTENCE ENDS Complete each sentence with your own words. 1. When I woke up yesterday. 15. While I was studying yesterday..
16... 9. I'll . 14.... People always tell me….. 13. 2. 10. I don’t like talking about…. 17. My favorite film is…. my mother said…. It annoys me when…. When I'm 65. The most interesting thing about me is…... 18. My most prized possession is…. At school I….. My first relationship was…. 4.. 8.. 6. 12.. 3. When I’m gone. 11. I wish I had never…. 1.SENTENCE BEGINNINGS Complete each sentence with your own words. My earliest memory is …. It’s embarrassing. The best book I ever read was…. You should try…. 15. I talk too much about…. I people will say….. My last meal would be….. but…. 7.... I should try….. Growing up.. 5. 19. .
Did you stay in a hotel. concerts)? 19-Did you attend any sporting events? 20-Did you buy any souvenirs? 21-Did you go shopping? 22-Did you write any postcards? 23-Did you visit the zoo.How were the restaurants? 11. cinema. 1. with friends or relatives? 7.How long did you stay? 5.Did you try any of the local food? 10. theater)? 25-Did you like your visit? .Who did you go with? 4. art galleries and famous landmarks? 18-Did you attend any performances (plays.What other places did you visit? 8.Did you take many photographs? 16-Did you rent a car or use local transportation? 17-Did you visit the museums. botanical gardens.When did you go there? How did you get there? 3.Where did you go for your last vacation? 2. or aquarium? 24-How was the nightlife (nightclub.Did you go to the beach? 9.Did you fly or drive? 12-How long was your flight / drive/train ride? 13-Did you take a cruise? 14-Did you fly economy or first class? 15.MY LAST VACATION Use the Simple Past to describe your last vacation. musicals. Choose those questions from the list below that apply to your personal experience.Why did you choose that place? 6. Pay close attention to the irregular verbs.
OXYMORONS Oxymoron means pointedly foolish and refers to a combination of contradictory or incongruous words such as cruel kindness. Act naturally Acute dullness Almost perfect Almost exactly Artificial grass Bad health Bittersweet Blameless culprit Cardinal sin Civil war Clearly confused Conservative liberal Constant variable Deafening silence Definite maybe Deliberately thoughtless Even odds Exact estimate Express mail Extensive briefing Fish farm Found missing Freezer burn Friendly takeover Genuine imitation Good grief! Government efficiency Holy war Home office Idiot savant Instant classic Intense apathy Jumbo shrimp Mild interest Military intelligence Minor miracle Modern history New classic Nonalcoholic beer Nondairy creamer Normal deviation Old news Only choice Open secret Original copies Plastic glasses Passively aggressive Peace force Player coach Pretty ugly Qualified success Randomly organized Real potential Religious tolerance Rock opera Rolling stop Same difference Silent scream Simply superb Small crowd Sweet sorrow Taped live Terribly enjoyable Tight slacks Tragic comedy Unbiased opinion . Take a look at the list of words below and decide why they are considered oxymorons.
............................................................... 16.. 9...............…………………………………………… 20......……………………… 6......... I’m not interested in ....................……………………………… 8..................UNFINISHED SENTENCES Complete the following sentences: 1..………………………………………………..........…………………………………………… 14... Most people I know seem to be .............. The funniest thing I ever saw was ............................................…………………………… 10..... The thing I am most afraid of is………………………………………………… 23....... 4....…………………………………… 11............ A good gift for a friend is……………………………………………………… 24.. I find it difficult to ......... I never worry about . Something that I want to buy is ………………………………………………… 25...................... I always feel good when .........………………………… 12...... This world would be a better place if .. I’d like to spend a long vacation in ................……………………………………………………...………………………………………… 13....…………………………………………………… 15............. I wish politicians would .............………… 2....................... My favorite thing to wear is …………………………………………………… ................…………………………………………………… 18............................... Studying is ...... On Saturdays I usually ... I get very angry if .…………………………… 7.. The best time of the day is ...... I would be much happier if ........... The thing that worries me the most is .……………………………………….................. Parents should always ................. My children will ..... The most useful thing I own is ………………………………………………… 22...................…………………………… 21.. Some day I’m going to ..................………………………………… 3................................ 5.....................................……………………………………………… 19........……………………………………………………………… 17..................……………………………………........... If I had 24 hours to live . I feel best when people .....................................
nightclubs) Mountains Shopping centers Culture centers Restaurants/shops Sports centers Public transportation nearby What is most important to you in a home? A large kitchen / living room A formal dining room A combination kitchen and family room A balcony or patio to sit outdoors Two or more bathrooms A library/home office A media room/entertainment center How the house is distributed (the layout) Do you need a lot of privacy? Do you like to be surrounded by people? Are neighbors important to you? What kind of neighbors do you like? Do you mind having small children or teenagers around? Do you keep pets? Are pet restrictions a concern for you? Is a garden (flower or vegetable) important to you? . Think about the kind of house you would like to buy if price is not a concern. To help you in your task. Where do you want your house to be located? In the city center In a 55+ community In the suburbs In a gated community In the countryside In a small town What do you want your house to face (look into)? A lake An ocean A river Pastures A canal Mountains or hill Would you prefer to own: A single story house A condo/flat A multi-story house A farmhouse A townhouse What amenities would you like to have nearby? Parks/walking or bicycle trails Nightlife (cinemas. try to answer the following questions. bars.MY IDEAL HOME Your final exam will consist of a composition in which you will be required to describe your ideal home.
airport? Is there a botanical garden / zoo / sports arena? . mountains. opera? Is there a cinema? Any art galleries? What arts and crafts are produced in the area? Are there any parks? Golf courses? How easy is it to get to your hometown? Major highways. the hills. valleys? What outdoor activities does it offer? What are some things children can do while there? What can visitors shop for? Is there an art community? Theater.MY HOMETOWN What is the name of your city or town? Where is it located? Near the sea / ocean. a valley or mountains? How big is it? How is it population? What is the name of its patron saint? What are its major industries? What are its major attractions? Are there any international businesses located there? Does it have any educational facilities? Swimming pools? Discos/bars/restaurants Are there any modern health facilities? Is there a main street where people walk / stroll / jog? Are there any significant historical sites? Is there a museum? What natural attractions are there? Beaches. train station. concerts. dance.
MAIN CHARACTER QUESTIONNAIRE Consider the questions below on your own.What do you look like? 4.What will you understand about yourself and the your world at the end of the story? Possibilities: .What is different about you? 8.How will you change? Possibilities: 16.What do you fear? 10-What are your dreams? 11-How would your friends describe you? As the kind of person who ……. 1.. to help you begin to create your main character and flesh out the details.Where do you live? 5.What do you like to do? 7.What do you care about? 9. or ask a partner to interview as if you were the character.How old are you? 3.What is your name? 2.What is your family background? 6. 12-Who are the most important people in your life? 13-What are the most important things in your life? 14-What is the problem you are facing? 15.
ELABORATIONS The mind is a wonderful place for picturing details. 4.It was an eventful trip. 12. 5. 14.His costume was scary. 10. .The football game was exciting. Read each one of these statements and provide as many colorful details as possible to make them more vivid.I had way too much to eat. 2.That dinner was delicious.The closet was extremely organized.Her silly hat was the center of attention.The inside of the restaurant was really unique. 8. 11.The tie he had on was very colorful.Her new hairstyle made me chuckle. 3.The gift was wrapped in the prettiest paper! 13-The bouquet of flowers was lovely. 1.The ice cream sundae was an unusual combination of flavors.I couldn’t believe what my dog dragged home. 7. 15. 6. 9.The kitchen was really a mess.
its 3. Missing -eds or -ings 3. Rewrite all sentences that you have marked with an X. where. there’s 2. cause. Check for: 1. were instead of where? Have you used their or there instead of there are or there is? Used commas when a period is needed? Left incomplete ideas stand? . try to combine them with the sentence before or after it by using a conjunction such as and. Missing s or ‘s 4. were? Used our instead of are. slowly. put an X at the beginning. their.Change any sentences or words that seem confusing. 6. Weather. 2. 3. but. 7. 4. was. have. your. Notice the really short sentences. are. 5. were. two 8. If a sentence does not seem clear.Read each sentence aloud. do. too.Is. was. To. or so.EDITING TIPS To improve sentence structure: 1. Divide your sentences with slashes. does 5. Read your paper aloud again. always 6.A lot. You. whether Have you Left out important words such as is. has. yet. because 7.There. are. Missing words 2. Missing letters Double check use of: 1. It. it instead of if. you’re 4.
citizen Having your first grandchild Opening a business Retiring from your job . child or other relative Buying your first house Traveling abroad for the first time Joining the army Becoming a widow / widower Remarrying for the second / third time Becoming a U. 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425Date of birth Birth of a sibling (brother or sister) Starting kindergarten Starting elementary school Graduating from high school Getting your first job Going away to college Graduating from college Falling in love for the first time Learning to drive / obtaining your driver’s license Renting your first apartment Moving away or to another country Getting married Having your first child Getting a divorce Death of a parent.S. The following is a list of milestones the students can select from to write in their timeline. Provide the class with a piece of scrap paper in which they can draw a line that begins with their date of birth and ends with today’s date.A TIMELINE A timeline is a good device to get students to practice the simple past.
use: called shouted cried whispered responded remarked demanded questioned asked replied stated exclaimed Instead of walked. use: love prefer admire cherish appreciate care for fancy favor adore enjoy idolize treasure Instead of good. use: snickered guffawed giggled cackled roared howled chuckled tittered chortled heehawed crowed bellowed Instead of saw. use: witty ingenious bright sharp quick-witted brainy knowledgeable brilliant intelligent gifted clever wise .BE MORE DESCRIPTIVE Instead of said. use: downcast unhappy depressed dejected woeful forlorn gloomy melancholy miserable crestfallen sorrowful mournful Instead of little. use: towering enormous huge tremendous large massive great giant gigantic colossal mammoth immense Instead of laughed. use: farcical hysterical jocular sidesplitting amusing hilarious humorous laughable witty silly comical nonsensical Instead of smart. use: staggered shuffled traveled sauntered trudged lumbered strutted paraded marched ambled hiked strolled Instead of sad. use: great splendid pleasant superb marvelous grand delightful terrific superior amazing wonderful excellent Instead of funny. use: glimpsed glanced at noticed eyed observed gazed at sighted spied spotted examined stared at watched Instead of pretty. use: kind congenial benevolent agreeable thoughtful courteous gracious warm considerate cordial decent humane Instead of happy. use: glad merry jovial contented jubilant pleased joyful delighted thrilled jolly cheerful elated Instead of ran. use: teeny small diminutive miniscule compact tiny microscopic miniature petite slight wee minute Instead of big. use: beautiful exquisite lovely gorgeous glamorous stunning attractive handsome elegant striking cute fair Instead nice. use: hurried bolted raced darted scurried sped dashed jogged galloped sprinted trotted rushed Instead of like.
What is the purpose of the third part? 7. What is a main clause? 13. What is the purpose of the second part? 6. What form of the verb give instructions? 15. What punctuation comes before “and”? . What does the transition word “when” indicate? 18. What is the purpose of transition words? 8. What is a main idea? 20. What is chronological order? 12. What is a paragraph? 3. What is the other form that can be used to give instructions? 16. What is a topic? 19. What does an indentation indicate? 10. Two independent clauses that are related may be combined with “and”. What is the only transition word that does not have a comma after it? 17. What is the purpose of an outline? 9.WRITING QUIZ 1. What are the three basic part of a paragraph? 4. What is a dependent clause? 14. What is an irrelevant sentence? 11. What is a sentence? 2. What is the purpose of the first part? 5.
etc. (They’re old hat. No sentence fragments.grammarly. Comparisons are as bad as clichés. One should never generalize.com . Exaggeration is a billion times worse than understatement. ever use absolutes. And always be sure to finish what From: www. Always. Be more or less specific.HOW TO WRITE GOOD Avoid alliteration. Prepositions are not words to end sentences with.) Eschew ampersands and abbreviations. Parenthetical remarks (no matter how relevant) are unnecessary. Never. Avoid clichés like the plague.
VOCABULARY: A GLOSSARY .
300 USEFUL ADJECTIVES abrupt absorbing accurate adoring adrift affectionate aggressive aghast agile amazing ambiguous ambitious ample amusing annoyed argumentative arrogant articulate astonishing backward baffling barren bemusing berserk bewildering biting bitter bossy bountiful brittle brusque brutal caring casual cautious chagrined charitable considerate content contrite conventional coy cozy cunning cynical deadly deceitful decisive delicate demanding dependent deprecating destitute devastating devious devout diligent diplomatic distant distressing dizzy dominant dreary dreary ecstatic embarrassing enchanting engrossing envious exasperating exhausting expressive exquisite extrinsic fragile frank frantic frivolous furious gaudy genuine giving glaring golden gorgeous gracious grandiose greedy grueling guilty gutsy gusty harassing harried harrowing hasty hateful hearty hefty heinous hideous hostile humble humid humiliating hurried impassioned impassive implacable impulsive indifferent ironic irritating joyful kind stressing stunning sublime subtle superciliou lacking possible s lawful profound superficial lean prominent surly legible prompt suspicious livid proper tactful logical prosaic talented loving punctual tame luxurious puzzling tasteless magnificent questioning tearful marvelous quirky tempting mean rapid tenacious messy rational tendentious miserable real terrific modern reflective terrifying modest regretful thwarting mordant relaxed tidy morose resonant timely motivating risky touching muddy ritzy tranquil mysterious rude troubling mystical salty tumultuous nasty sarcastic unanimous native satisfied uncouth nonchalant selfish uneasy nonplussed sensuous unique normal serene uphill obnoxious shallow uppity opinionated shapeless useful optimistic shocking useless overwhelming shy usual pained significant vain painful skeptical vapid palatable snobbish venomous plausible playful pleasing pliant .
cheery childish complacent conceited confident confident confused confusing congenial fancy fatiguing fearful fearless feasible feminine fierce forceful formidable industrious inquisitive insidious insipid insolent insulting interesting intimidating intrinsic pathetic patient peaceful pedantic pensive perplexing picturesque piquant pitiful sociable solemn solvent somber sorrowful spicy splendid stale stingy versatile virile virtuous visible volatile weird wise witty Wretched .
ADJECTIVES AND THEIR OPPOSITES Adjective absent active afraid alive asleep bad bald barbarous big boring brave careful caring cheap clean cold common competent confusing convenient cool crazy curious curly dangerous dark deep delicious different dry dull eager early east easy empty energetic fair faithful Opposite present inactive fearless dead awake good hairy civilized small entertaining cowardly careless thoughtless expensive dirty hot unique inept clear awkward warm sane indifferent straight safe light shallow tasteless same wet sharp apathetic late west difficult full drowsy unfair unfaithful Adjective free fresh friendly frivolous generous glad grateful handsome happy hard hateful healthy heavy high hostile humble impolite important intelligent just kind large lazy legal local logical long lucky messy modern modest narrow natural near neat nervous noisy north old Opposite captive stale unfriendly earnest stingy upset ungrateful ugly sad soft / easy loving sick / ill light low friendly proud tactful irrelevant stupid unjust unkind small hard-working illegal global illogical short unlucky neat traditional immodest wide artificial far unkempt calm quiet south new Adjective profound radical rare real rebellious relaxed right rigid rough rude sensible serious severe shrew shy skillful slow sorrowful spontaneous strange strong stupid sweet tall tasty thick tight-fisted timely transparent ugly uphill useful usual vacant vain valuable violent visible wary Opposite superficial conservative common imaginary submissive uptight left soft smooth polite insensible trivial gentle idiot outgoing clumsy fast joyful planned familiar weak clever sour short bland thin spend-thrift unexpected opaque beautiful downhill useless unusual occupied demure worthless peaceful invisible unwary .
ADJECTIVES THAT DESCRIBE PERSONALITY Qualities generally considered positive: affectionate ambitious bold brave carefree careful caring cautious charming cheerful clever conservative conventional dependable diligent earnest enjoyable entertaining extroverted free-spirited friendly fun fun-loving generous giving good good-natured happy hard-working honest inspiring kind knowledgeable laid-back Write meaning or notes here: Qualities generally considered negative: aggressive angry annoying anxious apathetic argumentative bad bad-tempered big-headed boring cantankerous careless close-minded cold-hearted conceited cowardly crass cruel dishonest disloyal dull dull-witted dumb envious exasperating flirtatious full of oneself ill-tempered insane introverted jealous jumpy lazy loud Write meaning or notes here: .
lively lovely loving loyal modest motivated naïve open-minded optimistic patient polite proud realistic reliable resourceful self-confident sensible sensitive sympathetic talkative trustworthy understanding warm witty mealy-mouth mean miserly moody narrow-minded nasty nervous obnoxious overbearing overwhelming pessimistic petty quarrelsome rude selfish shallow small-minded strict stubborn suspicious two-faced unfriendly unreliable weird .
ANIMALS: AN ALPHABETICAL LIST aardvark albatross alligator ant anteater antelope armadillo baboon badger bat bear beaver bee beetle bison blackbird bluejay boa constrictor bobcat buffalo bull burro butterfly cockroach calf camel cat caterpillar centipede cheetah chicken cicada civet cobra condor cougar cow coyote crab crane cricket crocodile crow deer dinosaur dog donkey dove dragon dragonfly duck eagle eel egret elephant elk emu falcon flamingo fox frog gazelle gerbil giraffe gnu goat goose gorilla grasshopper guinea pig gull hamster hawk hedgehog hen heron hippopotamus horse hummingbird hyena iguana impala jaguar jelly fish kangaroo kite koala ladybird lamb leopard lion lizard llama lobster lynx mandrill manta ray millipede minnows monkey moose mosquito moth mouse mule mussels ocelot octopus okapi opossum orangutan ostrich otter owl ox oyster panda panther parakeet parrot peacock pelican penguin pheasant pig pigeon polar bear porcupine praying mantis puma quail rabbit raccoon raven rhinoceros robin sambar deer sand fly scorpion sea horse seagull seal lion shark sheep shrimp skunk sloth snail snake sparrow spider sponge squid squirrel starfish stingray stork swallow swan tadpoles tarantula termite tiger toad tortoise toucan turkey turtle walrus warbler wasp water buffalo warthog weasel whale woodpecker wren yak zebra .
whelp poult cockerel parr. grilse pup cub lamb. smolt. shoat. lambskins calf foal . squeaker cheeper bunny. puppy duckling eaglet elver calf fry chick. sprat calf fawn. yearling or colt (m) filly (f) joey cub owlet cheeper piglet. nestling kitten codling. suckling squab. kit pup calf cygnet cub. yearling pup. tadpole kid gosling cheeper keet eyas ANIMAL hen hippopotamus horse kangaroo lion owl partridge pig pigeon quail rabbit rat rhino swan tiger turkey rooster salmon seal shark sheep whale zebra BABY pullet calf foal. farrow. chicken cub pup polliwog.ANIMALS AND THEIR BABIES ANIMAL antelope bear beast of prey beaver birds cat codfish cow deer dog duck eagle eel elephant fish fowl fox frog goat goose grouse guinea fowl hawk BABY calf cub whelp kit fledging.
BABY ITEMS activity center baby bottle baby lotion baby monitor baby oil baby photo album baby wipes bassinet bath towel bib blanket blocks bodysuit booster seat booties bottle warmer bouncer seat brush and comb set bumper pad changing pad changing table chest of drawers cradle crib bumper diaper bag diaper pail footsies hamper high chair infant car seat infant carrier layette set learning blocks mobile monitor night light pacifier playpen rattle rocker romper rubber ducky safety gate safety pin stroller swing talcum powder teddy bear teething toy thermometer toy chest walker .
BODY PARTS English abdomen ankle anus appendix arm armpit artery auricle back belly bladder blood body bone bone marrow bowels brain breast buttock calf canine tooth cartilage cheek cheekbone chest chin clavicle coccyx colon cranium cuticle dentin diaphragm dimple ear eardrum Notes English eyelid face femur finger fingernail fist foot / feet forehead freckle gallbladder gland gums hair hamstring hand head heart heel hip ileum incisors instep intestines iris jaw jejunum joint keratin kidney knee knuckle larynx leg lenses ligament lip Notes English neurons nipple nose nostril ovary palm pancreas patella pelvis penis pores pupil rectum retina scapula sclera shoulder skeleton skin skull sole spine spleen sternum stomach temple tendon testes thigh throat thumb thyroid tissue toenail tongue tonsil Notes .
earlobe elbow esophagus eye eyeball eyebrow eyelash mouth muscle liver lung melanin molar mole nape navel neck nerve tooth / teeth trachea vagina vein ventricle vertebra waist wisdom tooth wrist .
Presents are placed under the tree. mangers. is now a synonym for a stingy person. “Season’s Greetings” or “Happy New Year’s” which is a shortened form of “Happy New Year’s Eve. Traditionally. Mistletoe: Is a plant usually hung from a doorway between two rooms. Usually families gather together for Christmas dinner. Holly: A common Christmas ornament. you can ask the salesperson if they have a giftwrapping service. Christmas wish List: All the things a person wants for Christmas. You might hear people ask each other: “Have you finished your Christmas shopping?” Christmas tree: This is a decorated tree. Jesus was put in a manger after he was born. You may hear people say: “Don’t be a Scrooge. also called “The night before Christmas.CHRISTMAS VOCABULARY A Christmas Carol: Charles Dickens’ classic story about greed at Christmas. the house owners give the carolers a small treat such a chocolate or eggnog. Christmas shopping: There is a lot of shopping at this time.” Christmas lights: Strings of light used to decorate the Christmas tree and around the exterior of the house. Eggnog: Is a drink commonly served at Christmas parties. Christmas ornaments: Are ornaments used to decorate the tree and are placed around the house. . Christmas Eve: The evening of December 24. Holiday Season: The time running from just before Christmas until New Year’s. Carving the bird: Cutting the turkey and handing it out to people. The most famous character. Manger: Historically. and elves. Lawn ornaments: Decorations placed on people’s lawns. a small wooden trough that animals ate hay from. Scrooge. Christmas carolers: Are groups of people that walk down a street going from house to house singing Christmas carols.” Christmas carols: Songs that are sung at Christmas. Christmas dinner: A big dinner on Christmas day. Popular lawn ornaments are Santa Claus. On Christmas morning. which has bright red berries. There is a famous Christmas song.” Chestnuts: Are commonly eaten at Christmas. “Chestnuts roasting by an open fire. so some people set up a manger with a plastic baby in it and animals around. sleighs. First Christmas: It refers to the birth of Jesus over 2000 years ago. reindeers. Gift-wrapped: When you’re shopping. It is a tradition for a member of the opposite to kiss a person standing under the mistletoe as a surprise.” Christmas greeting: Most people greet each other at this time with such expressions as “Merry Christmas”. families and friends open their presents together.
Stockings: Literally it means “socks. Sleigh: A carriage that rides on snow. . plump man dressed in a big red suit. White Christmas: A Christmas with snow. Poinsettia: A plant commonly used to decorate at Christmas. Santa’s Helpers: These are the elves.” People hang stockings in front of the fireplace. Write a letter to Santa: Many children write letters to Santa Claus telling him what they would like to get for Christmas. big black belt and carrying a sack full of gifts which he distributes to children all around the world. Small presents are placed in the stockings and usually opened on Christmas morning. Santa: A large. Reindeer: Santa rides in a sleigh that is pulled by reindeers. usually dressed in red or green.Nativity Scene: A scene depicting the birth of Jesus. made of snow. Trimming the tree: Decorating the tree with ornaments is called “trimming the tree”. The most famous is Rudolph the red-nose reindeer. by stacking large snowballs on top of each other. Snowman: A figure of a person. Sit on Santa’s Knees: It is a common tradition to go to a person dressed up as Santa Claus and tell him what you want to get for Christmas.
CLOTHING VOCABULARY apron bandanna baseball cap bathing trunks bathrobe belt beret Bermuda shorts bike shorts bikini blouse bolero bonnet boots bow tie boxers brassiere (bra) breeches briefs camisole cape Capri pants cardigan sweater coat cravat culottes cummerbund drawers dress espadrilles earmuffs fleece jacket flip flops full slip galoshes garter / garter belt girdle gloves half-slip handkerchief harem pants hat headband jacket jeans jersey jockstrap jogging suit jumper jumpsuit caftan kimono knit cap leggings leotard loafers mantilla mittens moccasins muffler nightgown overalls pajamas panties pants / slacks pantyhose (nylons) parka petticoat pinafore polo shirt poncho pullover raincoat ribbon sandals sari sarong / pareo sash scarf shawl shirt shirtdress shoes shorts skirt skorts slippers smock socks sports coat stole Suit (2 / 3 piece) sundress suspenders sweater sweatshirt sweatpants swimsuit T-shirt tank top tennis shoes thermal wear thong tie tights toga trench coat trousers tunic turban turtleneck tuxedo vest undershirt uniform waistcoat windbreaker yarmulke Jewelry – Vocabulary ankle bracelet bangle bracelet brooch chain clasp clip-on earrings crown cufflinks diadem earrings hoop earrings locket medallion necklace nose ring pearl necklace pendant pin ring signet ring stud earrings tiara tie pin/tack toe ring wedding ring/band wristwatch .
COCKTAILS AND MIXED DRINKS a day at the beach Adam and Eve Alabama slammer Alaska cocktail Alexander Allegheny Americana Angel's kiss B&B B-52 Bacardi cocktail Bahamas mama banshee Basin Street bay breeze beachcomber bee stinger Bellini Bermuda Rose Betsy Ross between the sheets bijou cocktail black Maria black Russian black velvet bloody Caesar bloody Mary blue Hawaiian blue lagoon blue margarita blue whale bocce ball Bombay cocktail Boston cocktail bourbon and water bourbon on the rocks brandy Alexander brandy fizz brandy smash Bronx cocktail buck's fizz bullshot buttered rum Cape Codder caudle cement mixer champagne cocktail champagne cooler Chapel Hill cherry blossom chi-chi clamato cocktail classic cocktail cobbler coffee grasshopper coffee old-fashioned cooler Cooperstown Cuba libre daiquiri Daisy Dueller dingo dirty-banana Dixie julep dream cocktail dry martini eggnog English highball Fifth Avenue firefly fizz flip foxy lady frappe French connection frozen daiquiri frozen Margarita fuzzy navel Georgia peach Gibson gimlet gin and tonic greyhound highball hot buttered rum hot toddy hurricane Iris coffee Kamikaze Kir royale Long Island iced tea mai tai Manhattan Margarita Martini merry widow mimosa mint julep New York cocktail old-fashioned piña colada pink lady planter's punch punch rum and coke rum cooler rusty nail sangria scotch and soda scotch on the rocks screwdriver seven and seven sex on the beach Singapore sling spritz stinger tequila sunrise toddy Tom Collins velvet hammer vodka and tonic whiskey sour white Russian .
COMMON COLLOCATES aches and pains aid and abet arms and legs ask and answer assault and battery aunts and uncles back to front bait and switch beck and call before and after believe it or not black and blue black and white bows and arrows boys and girls bread and butter bride and groom brothers and sisters buy and sell by and large cap and gown cards and letters cat and mouse cats and dogs come and go cops and robbers crime and punishment day after day day and night day in and day out divide and conquer do or die do's and don'ts down and out dribs and drabs far and wide fast and loose fish and chips flora and fauna forgive and forget from pillar to post give and take hand in glove hard and fast hat and coat heads or tails heart and soul heel and toe hemming and hawing here and now here and there heroes and villains hit and run hugs and kisses husband and wife in and out inside out ladies and gentlemen left and right length and breath life and death lock and key mom and dad more or less mother and father needle and thread nephews and nieces now or never odds and ends off and on oil and vinegar once and for all open and close open and shut paper and pencil peace and quiet pins and needles room and board prim and proper prince and princess pros and cons pure and simple rain or shine rest and relaxation rum and coke safe and sound salt and pepper shipping and handling shoes and socks short and sweet sick and tired soap and water sons and daughters sooner or later stop and go straight and narrow struts and frets suit and tie supply and demand swim or sink tables and chairs thick and thin this and that this or that thunder and lightning tooth and nail top and bottom trial and error trials and tribulations tried and true up and about up and coming up and down upside down without rhyme or reason .
COLLECTIVE NOUNS – ANIMALS a bale of turtles a barren of mules a bevy of quails a bevy of roebuck a bouquet of pheasants a brood of hens a building of rooks a business of ferrets a cast of falcons a cast of hawks a cete of badgers a charm of finches a clowder of cats a cluck of hens a clutch of eggs a colony of ants a colony of penguins a company of parrots a congregation of plover a cover of coots a covey of partridges a covey of quail a crash of rhinoceroses a deceit of lapwings a descent of woodpeckers a dissimulation of birds a dole of doves a drift of hogs a drove of cattle a dule of doves a fall of woodcocks a flight of swallows a flock of sheep a gaggle of geese a gam of whales a gang of elk a harass of horses a herd of elephants a host of sparrows a hover of trout a husk of hare a leap of leopards a litter of pups a murmuration of starlings a muster of storks a mustering of storks a nest of rabbits a nye of pheasants a pace of asses a paddling of ducks a parliament of owls a party of jays a peep of chickens a pitying of turtledoves a plague of locusts a pod of seals a pride of lions a raft of ducks a rafter of turkeys a rag of colts a richness of martens a route of wolves a school of fish a shoal of bass a shrewdness of apes a siege of herons a singular of boars a skein of geese (in flight) a skulk of foxes a sloth of bears a smack of jellyfish a sord of mallards a sounder of swine a spring of teal a string of ponies a tiding of magpies a trip of dotterel a trip of goats a troop of kangaroos a walk of snipe a watch of nightingales a wisp of a snipe .
COMPOUND WORD BASES
ache action after anti arm attack back bag balance ball band basket battle beach bed bench bill bird birth biting black blade blind blow board boat body book born bound box brain breaker bridge broker brow brush cage car check child cloth clothes cook copier counter country court crack cross cuffs daughter desk door down dream drive drop dry dust express eye fall field finger fire flower fly fold fool foot force front glass grand grind guard gun high hill hold hole home hood house hunt jack joy keeper key kitchen knob lace ladder land lash law lawn left lid light lighter line line list load locked lode loose loud low lust made maid mail maker man mower nail needle new note out over pace pack packed paint paper paste paw pawn payer person phone photo pick pike pillow pin pipe place place play plough post print productive proof push race razor read ride right road saw screen sea section seed seeing seller septic set shave shine ship shoe shooter shop short show sick side sided sight sign silver skin sleep smoke snow social soft soil son sore sound south speaker speed spot spread stage storm string strip stroke sun surf sweet table tan tax team text thought tight time tip tooth top touch tower town track trouble turn under up waist walk wall wander ward ware wash watch water way wind wine winter
COUNTRIES AND CAPITALS
Country Afghanistan Algeria Angola Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain Bangladesh Belize Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Canada Cape Verde Chile China Colombia Congo Cuba Cyprus Denmark Dominican Republic Eritrea Fiji Finland France Germany Greece Haiti Honduras India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Capital Kabul Algiers Luanda Buenos Aires Sydney Vienna Manama Dhaka Belmopan Thimphu La Paz Brasilia Ottawa Praia Santiago Beijing Bogota Brazzaville Havana Nicosia Copenhagen Santo Domingo Asmara Suva Helsinki Paris Berlin Athens Port-au-Prince Tegucigalpa New Delhi Jakarta Tehran Baghdad Dublin Jerusalem Rome Kingston Tokyo Amman Country Lebanon Liberia Libya Malaysia Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nepal New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria North Korea Norway Pakistan Panama Poland Portugal Romania Russia Rwanda Seychelles Shri Lanka Singapore Somalia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Maldives Philippines Turkey United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Capital Beirut Monrovia Tripoli Kuala Lumpur Noaukchott Port Louis Mexico City Ulaan Baatar Rabat Maputo Windhoek Kathmandu Wellington Managua Abuja Pyongyang Oslo Islamabad Panama City Warsaw Lisbon Bucharest Moscow Kigali Victoria Colombo Singapore Mogadishu Pretoria Seoul Madrid Stockholm Berne Taipei Bangkok Male Manila Ankara Abu Dhabi London
COUNTRIES, LANGUAGES AND NATIONALITIES Country Afghanistan Argentina Australia Bangladesh Belgium Belize Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Cambodia Canada Cape Verde Chile China Colombia Cuba Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Finland France Germany Greece Guyana Haiti Holland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Country Japan Kenya Laos Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives, the Nationality Afghanistani Argentinean Australian Bangladeshi Belgian Belizean Bhutanese Bolivian Brazilian Cambodian Canadian Cape Verdian Chilean Chinese Colombian Cuban Dane Dominican Ecuadorian Salvadorian Ethiopian Finnish French German Greek Guyanese Haitian Dutch Indian Indonesian Iranian Iraqi/Kurdish Irish Israeli Italian Jamaican Nationality Japanese Kenyan Laotian Lebanese Libyan Malaysian Maldivian Language Pashto/others Spanish English Bengali French/Dutch/German English/Carib/Maya Dzongkha Spanish/Aymara Portuguese Khmer English/French Portuguese Spanish Mandarin/Cantonese Spanish Spanish Danish Spanish Spanish/Quechua Spanish Amharic Finnish French German Greek English/Hindi/others French/Creole Dutch Hindi/Urdu/English Bahasa Persian Persian English/Irish Hebrew Italian English/Patois Language Japanese Swahili Mom-Khmer Arabic Arabic Bahasa Divehi
Mexico Mongolia Namibia Nepal Netherlands, the North Korea Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines, the Poland Portugal Russia Saudi Arabia Shri Lanka Singapore South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Venezuela Vietnam Zimbabwe
Mexican Mongolian Namibian Nepalese Netherlandic North Korean Norwegian Pakistani Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Phillipino Polish Portuguese Russian Saudi Arabian Shri Lankan Singaporean South African Spaniard Swedish Swiss Taiwanese Tajik Thai Turkish Venezuelan Vietnamese Zimbabwean
Spanish Mongolian Nama/Nairon Nepalese Dutch Korean Norwegian Urdu Spanish Spanish/Guarani Spanish Filipino Polish Portuguese Russian Arabic/English Sinhalese/Tamil Chinese/English/Tamil Afrikaans/English Spanish Swedish German/French/Italian Mandarin Tajik Thai Turkish Spanish Vietnamese English/Shona
FEELINGS – VOCABULARY
abandoned accepted afraid agile angry annoyed anxious ashamed bad balanced believable bewildered bitter bold bored brave brilliant calculating calloused calm clever cold concerned confident confused cunning curious daring dazed defeated defensive delighted depressed desperate detached disappointed disgusted distant distinguished disturbed dreary eager ecstatic edgy elated elegant embarrassed enthusiastic envious excited exhilarated fearful flexible foolish free frustrated fulfilled funny furious gentle glad glum good grateful guilty happy hated high hopeful hostile humiliated hurt impatient inadequate inconvenienced inhibited intense intimidated irritable jaded jazzed jealous joyful lazy limited lonely loose loving lucky macho mad mean miserable mistreated morose needed needy neglected nervous optimistic overloaded passionate passive peaceful pessimistic phony playful pleased pressured productive protective proud puzzled rejected relieved resentful restless sad scared selfish sensual sentimental sexy shaky showy shy silly strong stubborn tender tense terrific terrified tired tough trapped ugly uneasy unwanted uptight used useless vibrant victorious vulnerable wanted warm wary weak weary wild wise wonderful worried youthful zany
FLOWERS AND VINES
African lily African violet Ageratum Allamanda Aloe Amaryllis Amazon lily Amethyst flower Anthurium Aster Baby's breath Beaumontia Begonia Bells of Ireland Bird-of-paradise Black-eye Susan Blanket flower Bleeding heart Bougainvilleas Brunfelsia Butterfly pea Caladium Calla lily Calliandria Camellia Candle bush Candytuft Canna lily Cape honeysuckle Cardinal climber Carnation Cat's claw Cereus Chenille plant Clematis Clerodendron Climbing lily Clivia Cockscomb Coleus Columbine Coralbells Coreopsis Cornflower Cosmos Crown of thorns Cup of gold Daffodil Dahlia Daisy Daylily Delphinium Desert rose Dianthus Dombeya Dusty miller Dwarf Poinciana Elephant ears Forget-me-not Four O'clock Foxglove Freesia Fuchsia Gaillardia Gardenia Gayfeather Gazania Geranium Ginger (various) Gladiolus Globe Amaranth Godetia Golden dewdrops Goldenrod Heliconia Hibiscus Hollyhock Hyacinth Hydrangea Impatients Iris Ixora Jade vine Kalamona Lady of the night Larkspur Lasiandra Ligularia Lilac Lipstick plant Lisianthus Lobelia Magnolia Mandevilla Marigold Mexican creeper Mickey Mouse bush Molten fire Moonflower Morning glory Moss rose Myosotis Narcissus Nasturtium Nicotiana Oleander Orchid Pandorea Pansy Penstemon Periwinkle Petunias Phlox Pineapple lily Pink honeysuckle Plumbago Poinsettia Poppy Prince's vine Purple Bignonia Rain of gold Red justicia Rhododendron Rose Rudbeckia Sage Salvia Sandpaper vine Shrimp plant Singapore Holly Slipper flower Snapdragon Spathiphyllum Spider flower Statice Stephanotis Sunflower Sweet Alysum Sweet pea Thunbergia Tibouchina Trailing Lantana Trumpet flower Tulip Verbena Vinca Vireya Wallflower Wisteria Zinnia
cardamom cheese cheeseburger cheesecake cherry chicken chickpea chili chili con carne chocolate chocolate milk chowder cider cilantro cinnamon clove cocoa coconut coffee coleslaw cookie corn (maize) cornbread Cornflakes cottage cheese crab cracker cranberry cream cream cheese crepe cucumber cumin currant custard dates dill doughnut duck dumpling egg fenugreek fettuccine fig fish flan French fries fruit juice fruit salad fudge garlic ginger ginger beer goulash grapefruit grapes gravy guava gumbo ham hamburger hazelnut herring honey hot dog hummus hush puppies ice cream ice tea jackfruit jam jambalaya kiwi lamb leek lemon lemon grass lemonade lentil lettuce lime liver mayonnaise meatball meatloaf melon meringue milk milkshake millet mint molasses moussaka muesli muffin mulberry mushroom mustard nectarine noodle nut nutmeg oatmeal oil okra olive omelet onion onion ring orange oregano oysters paella pancake papaya parsley passion fruit pasta pastries pea peach peanut butter peanuts pie pineapple pita bread pizza plantain plum polenta pomegranate poppy seed pork chop potato prawn prune pudding pumpkin punch quail quesadilla rabbit radish raisin raspberry ratatouille ravioli ribs rice rice pilaf rice pudding risotto roast beef rolls root beer rosemary rum saffron salami salmon salt samosa sandwich sapodilla shallot shrimp soup sour cream soursop soy bean spaghetti spinach squash steak stew strawberry sultana sushi Sweet potato syrup taco tamarind tangerine tarragon thyme toast tofu tomato tort tortellini tortilla trout tuna turkey turmeric turnip vanilla veal vinegar waffle walnut watercress watermelon whipped cream
Fruit – Vocabulary ackee apple apple custard apricot avocado banana blackberry blueberry breadfruit canistel cantaloupe caper cashew fruit cherry coconut cranberry currant date dragon fruit durian fig granadilla grapes grapefruit guava jackfruit kiwi lemon lime lulo lychee mamey mandarin orange mango mangosteen melon mulberry muskmelon nectarine orange papaya passion fruit peach pear persimmon pineapple plum pomegranate pomelo quince raisins rambutan rose apple sapodilla sloe soursop star fruit strawberry sultana sweet lemon tamarind tangerine tomato watermelon
Vegetables – Vocabulary artichoke arugula asparagus bamboo shoots basil beans beet bitter gourd bok choi broccoli Brussels sprout cabbage carrot cauliflower celery chayote chickpeas chives cilantro corn/maize cucumber eggplant/aubergine fennel garlic ginger green onions jicama lettuce mushroom mustard greens okra onion oregano parsley peanut peas pepper plantain potato pumpkin radish rutabaga shallot spinach squash sweet potato tarragon thyme turmeric turnip watercress yam yucca / cassava zucchini
HAVE YOU EVER....
attend a play? be on TV? be seasick? be skiing? be stung by a bee? break a bone? buy a new car? change a baby's diaper/nappy? cheat on an exam? climb a mountain? cry during a movie? cut your own hair? drive a tractor? eat frog legs? eat pizza? eat shrimp (prawn)? fail an exam? fall in love? fly a kite? fly in an airplane fly in a helicopter? give a dinner party? give a speech? go bungee jumping? go diving? go ice skating go in-line skating go river rafting? go rock climbing? go scuba diving? go sky diving? go surfing? go to a classical concert? go to a shopping center? go to costume party? go to the circus? have a traffic accident? have a pet? have surgery? have to stay in a hospital? kiss a foreigner? lend someone money? live in apartment building? lose the key to your house? lose your wallet? make a birthday cake? make a snowman? make a video? make an international call? Meet the President? meet the Prime Minister? perform in a stage play? play billiards? play chess? play golf? read (title of a popular book)? receive and send email? ride in a boat? ride on an elephant? ride on a horse? see an English-language film? see snow? sleep in a hammock? sleep in a tent? sleep in class? stay in a five-star hotel? steal anything? swim in the ocean? talk to a famous person? tell a white lie? travel overseas? trek in the mountains? visit a fortune teller? visit a museum? visit Disney World/Disneyland? visit the zoo? wear a costume? wear mismatched socks? win a competition? write a letter to a newspaper? write a love letter? write a poem?
HERBS AND SPICES Agrimony Alfalfa Alkanet Allspice Aloe vera Angelica Anise Annatto Arrowroot Asparagus Barberry Basil Bay Bayberry Bergamot wild Birch Blackberry Bloodroot Boneset Borage Burdock Calendula Capers Caraway Cardamom Carob Catnip Cayenne Cedar. red Celery Chamomile Chervil Chia Chicory Chili pepper Chili powder Chinese cinnamon Chinese five spices Chives Chocolate Chrysanthemum Cinnamon Citrus Cloves Coffee Cola nut Coltsfoot Comfrey Coriander Cornflower Cubeb Cumin Curry powder Damiana Dandelion Desert tea Dill Dittany of Crete Dyer's broom Elder Elecampane Eucalyptus Fennel Fenugreek File Frankincense Fumitory Garam Masala Garlic Germander Ginger Ginseng Goldenrod Goldenseal Great mullein Henna Hibiscus Hops Horehound Horseradish Hyssop Indigo Jasmine Juniper Kava-Kava Kelp Lady's Mantle Lavender Lemon balm Lemon grass Lemon verbena Licorice Lily-of-the-valley Linden Lotus Lovage Mace Madder Malva Marjoram Marsh mallow Mint Mustard Myrrh Myrtle Nettle Nutmeg Oat straw Onion Oregano Orris Papaya Paprika Parsley Passionflower Patchouli Pennyroyal Pepper Pimento Plantain Pomegranate Poppy Red clover Redroot Rose Rosemary Safflower Saffron Sage Sandalwood Sarsaparilla Sassafras Savory Sesame Shallot Soapwort Southernwood Speedwell St. John's Wort Star anise Sumac Sunflower Sweet flag Tabasco Tansy Tarragon Tea Thyme Turmeric Valerian Vanilla Vervain Violet Wasabi Water chestnut Watercress Wintergreen Witch hazel Wood betony Woodruff Wormwood Yarrow Yellow dock Yerba de mate .
HOMOPHONES air aloud ate be bear beech been blew bored break bridle brooch course deer fare fine flee flower for fur great groan hare heel here hoarse hole idle isle leek made male mane meddle meet mind more neigh new night nit no none heir allowed eight bee bare beach bean blue board brake bridal broach coarse dear fair fined flea flour four/fore fir grate grown hair heal hear horse whole idol aisle leak maid mail main medal meat mined moor nay knew knight knit know nun pane past peddle peek peel piece plane poor principle prints rain read reed reel road route sale saw see seen sent sheer shoot sleigh son stair stationary stayed steak steel sure tale tee tents their too veil waist war weather week weigh weight pain passed pedal peak peal peace plain pour principal prince rein/reign red read real rode/rowed root sail sore sea scene scent shear shute slay sun stare stationery staid stake steal shore tail tea tense they're/there two/to vale waste wore whether weak way wait .
KIM'S GAME English a bar of soap a bottle of lotion/perfume a bottle opener a box of matches a bracelet a bungee cord a can opener a candle a cassette tape a CD/CD ROM a cleaver (chopping knife) a clipboard a coffee mug a corkscrew a correction pen a cutting board a deck of cards a diskette (floppy) a fork/spoon/knife a funnel a hairband a hair clip a hammer a highlighter pen a key holder/ring a ladle a letter opener a magnifying glass a nail clippers a nail file a nutcracker a pair of binoculars a pair of cufflinks a pair of earrings a pair of goggles a pair of pliers a pair of scissors a pair of tweezers Notes: English a cuticle pusher a paper clip a paperweight/holder a potato masher a potholder a pumice stone a razor blade a roll of film a roll of tape a ruler a safety pin a screwdriver a scrunchy a set of bangles a set of measuring cups a set of measuring spoons a sipping straw a spatula a spool of thread a staple remover a strainer a stuffed animal a tape measure a thimble a toothbrush a torch/flashlight a travel/alarm clock a trivet a tube of cream/lipstick a tube of lip balm a tube of toothpaste a vegetable peeler a Walkman a wristwatch a whiteboard marker a wire whisk an apron an egg beater Notes: .
LEISURE ACTIVITIES ENGLISH acting alpinism biking bird watching boating bowling boxing bungee jumping calligraphy camping canoeing composing music cooking dancing diving dog racing dog sledding doing yoga fencing fishing flower arrangement flying kites gardening going out to eat going to the beach going to the cinema going to the theater golfing gymnastics hiking horse racing horse riding hot air ballooning hunting ice boating ice hockey ice skating jai alai javelin throwing Write meaning or notes: ENGLISH making pottery painting parasailing playing basketball playing cards playing checkers playing chess playing cricket playing football playing carom board playing mah jong playing racquetball playing soccer playing squash playing table tennis playing tennis quilting reading river rafting rock climbing running sailing scuba diving sewing singing skateboarding skating skiing skydiving snorkeling snowmobiling stamp collecting sumo wrestling sunbathing surfing surfing the Internet swimming tae kwen do tai chi Write meaning or notes: .
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS accordion acoustic guitar alpenhorn auto harp bagpipes balalaika bamboo pipe bandoneon bandurria banjo barrel organ bass bass guitar bassoon bells bongo bouzouki bow bugle calliope castanets cello chime Chinese wood blocks clarinet claves clavichord concertina conga conga drums cornet coronet cowbell cymbals double reed drone drum drum kit drumstick dulcimer electric guitar euphonium fiddle flugelhorn flute French horn gamelan guiro harmonica harmonium harp harpsichord horn keyboard komuz lute lyre mandolin maracas marimba oboe oliphant organ oud pandora pedal organ piano piccolo pick rattle recorder samisen saxophone shakuhachi sitar soundboard sousaphone steel drum synthesizer tabla tambora tambourine timpani triangle trombone trumpet tuba ukulele vibraphone viola violin whistle xylophone .
NATURE aquifer archipelago arroyo ash atmosphere atoll avalanche basin bay beach biodiversity blizzard bluff bough boulder canyon cave cay clay cliff cloud coast coastline coral reef cove crag crater crevasse cyclone dawn delta desert dew doldrums drizzle drought dune dusk earthquake eclipse equinox fjord flash flood flood floodplain fog foliage foothill forest fossil fuel geyser glacier glade gorge grass gravel hail hailstone haze hill hillock hilltop hurricane iceberg icicle inlet island islet isthmus jungle lagoon lake landslide lava leaf ledge lightning magma marsh meadow mesa mineral moraine mountain mud mudslide nitrogen oasis ocean oxygen pass pebble peninsula permafrost plain plateau pollution pond prairie precipice quicksand radiation rainbow raindrops rainfall rapids ravine reef ridge rift river riverbed runoff sand savanna scree sea seabed shale shore shoreline shrub silt slope smog smoke snow snowdrift snowfall snowflake snowline soil solstice spur stalactite stalagmite star steppe stone stream sun sunrise sunset surf swamp thunder thunderclap tidal wave tide tornado trail tree tree line tributary tsunami tundra typhoon valley volcano waterfall wave weed wetland wind .
NOUN – MASTER LIST accident account act action address afternoon age air airplane animal apartment arm aunt baby back bank bed beginning bicycle bird birthday boat body book box boy bread breakfast brother building bus car chair child circle city class clothes coat color corner desk dictionary dinner direction director dish distance district doctor dog doll dollar door dot doubt dozen dream dress ear earth edge effort egg elbow election end evening eye face fact factory family father finger fire fish floor food friend front fruit glove government grain grandfather grandmother grape ground grief guest guide gun hair half hand hat head heat heaven hell holiday home homework hospital hotel hour house human being humor husband ice idea imagination importance impression inch individual industry influence information insect intention jeans job juice judge justice key king kiss kitchen knee knife knowledge labor lady lake lamp land language leg lesson letter liberty library life light line luck lunch machine magazine magic mail male man meat mile milk minute mill mind mistake mother mountain mouth movement movie music mystery name nation nature neck neighbor newspaper night noise noon nose notebook notice novel nurse object occasion occupation ocean office oil opinion opportunity order organization pack package page pain paint pair paper pardon parent park picture place problem quality question race radio rain reason restaurant result river school shoe side sister sky smile sound street student sun table teacher test thing time town tree trouble uncle university vegetable vocabulary voice wall water way weather week wife .
OCCUPATIONS / PROFESSIONS Accountant acrobat Actor / actress Air hostess Air traffic controller archaeologist architect artist assembly worker astronaut athlete auctioneer auto mechanic baby sitter baker bank teller barber baseball player beggar bouncer bus driver butcher cable installer carpenter cashier caterer chef circus performer clerk comedian composer computer programmer construction worker consultant contractor cook counselor cowboy/cowgirl cricket player crossing guard custodian / janitor dentist dermatologist designer dietitian doctor dog catcher editor electrician elephant driver engineer factory worker fare collector farmer file clerk firefighter fisherman flight attendant florist football player forest ranger gardener geologist grocer gynecologist hairdresser homemaker housekeeper hypnotist interpreter ironworker janitor journalist king laborer landlord / landlady landscape designer lawyer / attorney lecturer legal secretary legislator librarian mail carrier makeup artist mason / bricklayer master of ceremony messenger migrant worker miner minister model monk movie director movie star musician nanny naturalist newscaster nun nurse oceanographer office clerk opera singer operator optician optometrist orchestra director orthodontist painter paper carrier paralegal paramedic park guide pediatrician personal trainer pharmacist photographer pilot plumber podiatrist police officer politician pop singer radio/TV announcer rancher realtor receptionist referee reporter rickshaw driver sailor salesperson sanitation worker school principal scientist sculptor secretary security guard senator showgirl social worker software engineer soldier sound engineer steeplejack store clerk stuntman / woman sumo wrestler super model supervisor surgeon tailor taxi / cab driver teacher telemarketer tour guide train conductor translator travel agent truck driver urologist usher ventriloquist veterinarian .
SILENT LETTERS aisle align alignment almond answer apostle ascend asthma autumn ballet beret bomb breakfast bridge building business bustle calf calm catalogue Chevrolet clothes coat colleague column comb condemn Connecticut consign corps corpse could coup crumb cupboard damn debt depot descend design dialogue doubt dumb eight epilogue exhibit fasten fatigue faux folk foreign glimpse gnash gnat gnaw gnome gnu government gristle half handsome hasten head herb hole honest honor hour indict intrigue iron island isle isthmus jostling kitchen knack knack pack knee knife knob knot limb listen marriage mortgage neighbor night northeaster numb often opossum palm parliament patios plaque plumber pneumonia prologue psalm psychology raspberry receipt rendezvous rhyme rhythm right salmon scene scent science sign sing solemn sophomore subpoena subtle suit knowledge knuckle lamb league light surprise sword talk teacher Thailand Thames thing through thyme tie tomb trestle two walk watch Wednesday weigh where whisk whisper whistle who who whom whose womb would wrestle wring wrist write writer wrong wrought yacht yolk .
as sound as a bell as sour as a lemon as steady as a rock as stiff as a poker as strong as a lion as strong as an ox as stubborn as a mule as sweet as honey as swift as an arrow as taut as a drum as thick as two planks as thin as a reed as tight as a barrel as tough as gristle. as ugly as sin as uncertain as the weather. as hairy as an ape as happy as a grin as happy as a lark as happy as Larry as hard as nails as heavy as lead. as brittle as glass. as rough as a corncob as sharp as a tack as sick as a dog as generous as the day is long as silly as a goose as gentle as a lamb as good as gold as greedy as a glutton. as brown as a berry as busy as a beaver as busy as a bee as clean as a whistle. as right as rain as slippery as an eel as slow as a snail as slow as a tortoise as slow as molasses as sly as a fox as soft as silk as solid as a brick. as hungry as a wolf as large as a whale as light as a feather as loud as thunder as mad as a hatter as neat as a pin. as white as snow as wide as the ocean as wise as an owl . as weak as a kitten. as clear as mud as cold as ice as cool as a cucumber as cunning as a fox as dark as night as dead as a doorknob as deaf as a post. as hot as an oven. as hot as hell as hungry as a bear. as warm as toast. as bright as a button. as eager as a beaver as easy as pie as fast as lightening as fat as a pig as fit as fiddle as free as a bird as fresh as a daisy as full as tick. as deep as a well as deep as the ocean as deep as the sea as dull as dishwater.SIMILES OF COMPARISON as bald as a billiard ball as bald as a coot as bald as an eagle as big as a whale as black as coal As black as sin as black as thunder as blind as a bat as blue as the sky as bold as brass as brave as a lion. as old as the hills as pale as a ghost as playful as a kitten as pleased as punch as poor as a church mouse as pretty as a picture as proud as a peacock as quiet as a mouse as regular as clockwork as rich as Croesus.
purr. baa titter crey. moan quack scream. squeak coo croak snort bleat. gibber hoot low. woof. arf click bray coo. squeal. hiss. honk bleat. screech trumpet chant buzz bark. squeal chatter. cackle crow moo. yelp croak cackle. grunt roar. whinny laugh mew roar howl chatter squeak. bellow talk scream oink. hiss. caterwaul peep.SOUNDS ANIMALS MAKE ANIMAL bear bees beetles birds bitterns blackbirds bulls calves cats chickens cocks cows crows cuckoos deer dogs dolphins donkeys doves ducks eagles elephants falcons flies foxes frogs geese giraffes goat goose grasshoppers grouse guinea fowl SOUND growl hum. murmur drone sing boom whistle bellow bleat meow. low caw cuckoo bell bark. pitter drum cry ANIMAL guinea pigs gulls hares hawks horses hyenas kittens lions loons magpies mice monkeys owl oxen parrots peacock pig pigeons ravens rhinos sheep swallows swans tiger tortoises turkeys wolves SOUND squeak. grunt bleat honk chirp. buzz. growl grunt gobble howl . grunt. mew. whistle squawk squeak scram neigh.
recommend 75. disastrous 58. unnecessary 97. there 92. existent 64. receive 73. environment 61. sense 79. experience 65. to. prepare 26. principal 28. arguing 42. than 89. possible 22. lose 5.marriage 7. performance 18. principle 29. possession 21.succeed 85.separate 80.pursue 71. belief 43. interest 2. controversy 51. embarrass 60. practical 23. profession 69.transferred 96. its. beneficial 45. mere 8. height 68. exaggerate 62. privilege 30. effect 59.separation 81. existence 63. losing 6. define 55. all right 38. woman 99.achievement 36.referring 76. too. opinion 14. precede 24. they're 93. their 91. receiving 74. probable 31. prejudice 25. occurring 12.accommodate 35. it's 3. shining 82. definition 54. quiet 72. prevalent 27. explanation 66. acquire 37. believe 44. paid 16.among 39. surprise 87. professor 34.THE 100 WORDS MOST COMMONLY MISSPELLED 1. procedure 33. definitely 53. particular 17.succession 86. through 94. rhythm 78. repetition 77. proceed 32. fascinate 67. prominent 70. describe 56. writing . personal 19. description 57. argument 41. controversial 52. coming 48. opportunity 15. occurred 11. technique 88. benefited 46. two 95.apparent 40. comparative 49. personnel 20. villain 98. write 100. conscious 50. then 90. similar 84. occasion 10. led 4. category 47. necessary 9. occurrence 13.
300 USEFUL ADJECTIVES – INTERMEDIATE absent afraid alive alone angry ashamed asleep attractive available aware awful bad basic beautiful big black blank blind blue brief bright broad brown busy calm careful careless charming cheap cheerful chemical clean clear clever cloudy comfortable common complete complex dangerous dark dead deaf dear deep definite delicious different difficult direct dirty double dry dull early easy electric elementary empty entire equal essential exact excellent extra fair false familiar famous far fast favorite female final fine flat foolish foreign generous gentle glad good gradual grand grateful gray/grey great green handsome happy hard healthy heavy high honest hot huge human hungry ideal ill imaginary important impossible individual innocent insane instant intelligent interested international irregular jealous juicy junior just large lonely long loose loud lovely low lucky mad main major male married marvelous maximum mere merry narrow natural neat necessary negative neutral new nice noisy nosy obvious odd official old open opposite original outstanding pale particular past perfect permanent potential practical present pretty principal private probable professional proud public pure queer quick quiet rare raw ready recent red regular reliable responsible rich right ripe rough round rural sad safe scientific secret separate serious sharp short sick silent similar steady successful sure terrible thick thin thirsty through tight tiny tired total tough tragic tropical trusty typical ugly universal unusual urban urgent usual vacant valuable various vast vicious violent vital wary weak weary welcome wet white whole wicked wide .
TREES Acerola Ailanthus Akee apple Albizzia Alder Almond American beech Apple Apricot Araucaria Ash Aspen Avocado Banana Barbados's pride Bauhinia Bauhinia purpurea Be still tree Birch Blackberry Bombax Bottle tree Bottlebrush Breadfruit tree Buttercup tree Butterfly bush Cacao Calamondin California holly Callistemon Camellia Canistel Cannonball tree Carambola Cashew tree Cassia Casuarina Catalpa Cedar Cherry Cinquefoil Coconut Colvillea Cotoneaster Cottonwood Crabapple Crape Myrtle Crepe Myrtle Croton Custard apple Cypress Date palm Dogwood Douglas fir Dove tree Elm English holly Erythrina (Coral tree) Eucalyptus Ficus tree Fig Fig Fir Firethorn Flame tree Floss silk tree Flowering quince Frangipani Fuchsia Geiger orange tree Giant sequoia Gingko Gold tree Granadilla Grapefruit Guava Hackberry Hawthorn Hemlock Hibiscus Ilex Ink wood Jaboticaba Jacaranda Japanese barberry Juniper Kaffir plum Kapok tree Jackfruit Kumquat Lantana Larch Laurel Lebanon cedar Lemon Lignum vitae Lime Linden Litchi Longan Loquat Magnolia Mahogany Maidenhair tree Malay apple Mamey sapote Mango Mangosteen Manzanita Maple Mesquite Mimosa Moreton Bay chestnut Mountain ash Mulberry Nectarine Oak Oleander Olive Orange Palm Papaya Paradise tree Peach Pear Pecan Persimmon Pigeon plum Pine Pistachio Ponytail tree Poplar Plum Queensland nut Quince Rain tree Rainbow shower Red horse chestnut Redwood Rose apple Royal Poinciana Sapodilla Sassafras Sausage tree Sea grape Silk oak Soapbark tree Sorcerer's wand Sorrel tree Soursop Spiracea Spruce Star apple Sugar apple Sumac Sweet gum Sweet lemon sweet mock orange Sycamore Tamarind Tangelo Tangerine Tea tree Tecoma tree Tropical almond Tulip tree Umbrella pine Umbrella tree Washington thorn Wattle Weeping willow Willow Yellowwood Yew pine Yucca .
more than necessary means to take when offered means excluding to emphasize that something is true at this time means to adjust to change. positive or negative.TROUBLESOME WORDS access excess accept except actually presently adapt adopt adverse averse affect effect all ready already alone lonely bazaar bizarre between among borrow lend breath breathe bring take beside besides capital capitol complement compliment connotation denotation counsel council deduction induction desert dessert discover invent dual duel emigrate means availability. disinclined to means to influence means an influence or result means completely ready means prior to some specific time without any other people unhappy because there are no friends to talk to area of town with many small shops very strange or unusual referring to two people or things referring to more than two people or things to take something to return it later to allow someone to use something for a while means an intake of air means to draw air in and out means to carry toward the person who is speaking means to carry away from the speaker means next to or by the side of means in addition to means the seat of a government a building where the legislature meets means to complete. to make whole is an expression of admiration what a word suggest. opposing means disliking. make suitable means to take as one's own means unfavorable. beyond its meaning the meaning of a word according to the dictionary advice given a decision-making group reasoning from the general to the particular reasoning from the particular to the general means a place with little or no water a sweet dish usually served after a meal to find something already in existence to create a new product means relating to two parts or aspects means a contest between two persons means to leave one's country of origin . to use enter or use something means too much.
solid. firm. means to come before means to go ahead. well or widely known known widely and usually unfavorably refers to physical distance refers to degree or extent refers to individual units (count nouns) refers to bulk items (noncount counts) means in a formal way means at an earlier time. fixed means writing materials. is the contraction of you are cautious. almost no refers to a person being killed by to suspend an item from a wall to hint or suggest to take a hint or suggestion is the possessive form of it. careful tired. means chief or main means a fundamental truth or belief aware of other people's feelings able to make good judgments means standing still. especially paper used to introduce the second part of a comparison refers to a particular time in the past or future is the possessive form of you. without interest or enthusiasm for doing something . stiff almost not. is the contraction of it is.immigrate famous notorious farther further fewer less formally formerly hard hardly hanged hung imply infer its it's learn teach laborious hard working lay lie lose loose persons people persecute prosecute precede proceed principal principle sensitive sensible stationary stationery than then your you're wary weary means to enter another country celebrated. means to acquire knowledge means to impart knowledge taking a lot of time and effort to make something to put a lot of effort into a job means to put down an object for a person to recline or repose unable to find not firmly affixed are individuals that are separated and unrelated comprise a united or collective group of individuals means to make life miserable for someone means to conduct a criminal investigation.
VERBS – MASTER LIST accept act admire advise agree allow answer argue arrange arrive ask avoid be become beg begin believe bend bite blame bless boil blow break breathe bring build buy call can care carry catch change choose claim close come continue cost count cry cure cut dance decide declare defeat defend deliver destroy die dig discuss disappear do dream drink drive earn eat educate encourage enjoy escape expect explain express fail fall feel fill fight find finish fix fly force forgive gather get glance give go grow guess guide hang happen hate hear help hesitate hide hit hold hope hunt hurt imagine improve increase influence inquire join joke jump keep kick kill kiss knock know laugh lay learn leave let lie like lift listen live lock look lose love mail make manage march marry mean meet melt miss mix move need notice obey observe occur offer open operate order organize owe pack paint pause pay perform pick plan play plow pour praise pray prepare prevent print produce protest prove put puzzle race rain raise reach read realize recover remain remember remind remove respect ride ring rise rub ruin run sail save say scream see seek seem sell send sense separate serve sew shake share shine show shut sign sink sit sleep slip smell smile speak stand stare stay steal stick stop strike string struggle stuck study succeed supply support suppose surprise swim take talk taste teach tear tell think threaten throw touch try urge use view visit vote wait wake walk wander wane want warn wash waste watch wave wear weep whisper whistle wilt win wind wipe wish wonder work worry wrap .
WHAT DOES IT TASTE LIKE? Description acidic appetizing biting bitter bittersweet bland burned buttery cheesy chewy cloying creamy crisp crunchy curdled delicate delicious disgusting fermented fishy floral fluffy foul fruity gingery greasy hearty heavy herbaceous honeyed hot insipid juicy light luscious mealy medicinal Translation mellow moldy mushy nauseating nutty oily overripe palatable peppery piquant rancid raw rich ripe rotten salty savory sharp smoky sour spicy spoiled stale strong sugary sweet tainted tangy tart tasteless tasty unappetizing unpalatable unripe vile vinegary zesty Description Translation .
WORDS AND THEIR OPPOSITES WORD OPPOSITE WORD accelerator after against always amateur ancestor antagonist apathy arrival autumn basement before beneath best birth borrow brave bride brother buy cat cause cheerful child circle citizen city come cops cowardice crooked dawn day death defense employer enemy exciting exit fancy brake before for never professional descendant protagonist empathy departure spring attic after above worst death lend scared groom sister sell dog effect sad adult square alien country go robbers bravery straight dusk night life offense employee friend dull entrance plain finish fire floor forget forward friend girl give go graceful guilty hand heaven hero hunter husband increase inflation insult introvert jungle junior key kitten knife landlord laugh / smile lead least length lock longitude love lower male man mom morning mother mother OPPOSITE WORD begin water / ice ceiling remember backward stranger boy take stay clumsy innocent foot hell villain prey wife decrease deflation compliment extrovert desert senior lock puppy fork tenant cry / frown follow most width unlock latitude hate raise female woman dad night daughter father outer part passenger patient pen poverty preview push question rain reward salt sea send simple single sink son son soon sorrow stepfather success sun sunny sunrise table take teacher top truth uncle under up vegetarian victory wake war weekday welcome OPPOSITE inner whole driver impatient pencil wealth review pull answer snow punishment pepper land receive complex double / married float father daughter later joy / happiness stepmother failure moon cloudy sunset chair bring student bottom lie aunt over down carnivore defeat sleep peace weekend reject .
and/or the moment of choice for a character. love. Static Character: stays the same. independence. trusty sidekick. Falling Action/Denouement: Typically. Dialogue: Conversation between 2 or more characters. turning point. Antagonist: The person. Character: A fictional personality created by the author. Example: witty servant. Epiphany: Moment of main realization. Flashback: An interruption in a narrative to show an episode that happened before the story opened (prior to chapter 1).Literary Devices Allusion: When an author refers to something previous in literature or history. is unchanged by events Developing (dynamic) Character: changes over the course of events. Used to create character or tone/mood. Dialect: The imitation of regional speech in print. Hero: when the protagonist is admirable Antihero: when the protagonist is not admirable . Often used as a symbol or a connection. Stock character/archetype: a common character type that reoccurs throughout literature. etc. Often a place of symbolism. etc. etc. Similar to a monologue. Apostrophe: The direct address of a dead person or of something that is not present. Conflict: The struggle between opposing forces in a text. it is different than a quote (see writing definitions). See Universal Theme.). Often. but not always occurs at the climax. Foreshadowing: When the author suggests of hints at events to come later in the text. thing or force that works against the hero of the story. Concept: One of the “big ideas” an author presents in a text (ex: family. deeper understanding of life. Although dialogue is signaled by the use of quotation marks. using altered or phonetic spelling. can be considered “the bad guy”. the last part of a text after the climax or epiphany.
Hyperbole: An excessive overstatement or exaggeration of fact. Life is a box of chocolates. Irony: when the author draws attention to the difference of what is and what seems to be— often only the audience knows the truth. Lesson Learned: What the character learns or realizes as a result of the epiphany. all their motives and thoughts (all knowing) First person: Narrator tells the story from his/her own point of view. Metonymy: the substitution of one term for another that is generally associated with it: Ex. Plot: The sequence of events in a text. “suits” for businessmen. .: It’s raining cats and dogs.: I’ve told you about a million times today…” Idiom: a common expression that has acquired a meaning that differs from its literal meaning. Omniscient: Narrators know all the characters. Point of view: How the text is presented. Paradox: When a contradiction is reveals a deeper truth: You only hurt those you love. Ex. and the reader: Third person: Narrator is outside the story and refers to characters as s/he. Narrator is one the characters and refers to self as “I” Protagonist: The main character or hero of the story. see point of view. the relation between the narrator. Mood: The feeling a piece of literature creates in a reader (reader side). Ex. Metaphors can be several lines long (extended). Ex: the ending of Romeo & Juliet. Metaphor: A comparison between two unlike ideas not using “like” or “as”. Personification: When an author gives human qualities to a non-human thing/ object: Example: The rain tickled my nose. the characters. Main Idea: A brief and literal summary of the text which may refer to the primary concept(s). often using character. Narrator: A person who tells a story. Parody: A literary work/text in which the style of another author or literary work is closely imitated for comic effect.
Fate) Tone: The writer’s attitude towards his or her subject. Example: Fire. but not identical to the plot. Theme: The central conflict in a text. figure. (serious. sarcastic. character. Religion. Used to create mood. is often used to represent violence. because it can destroy. Example: A bird. or color used to represent an idea or abstract quality. and Protagonist vs. Protagonist vs. Setting: The time. or weaknesses. Satire: A literary work that ridicules or scorns. Society.). Simile: A comparison between two unlike ideas using “like” or “as”. Symbol: An object. is often used to represent freedom. Often used to make a political or social commentary. because it is difficult to extinguish. is often used to represent strength Emblem: A fixed symbol—one that doesn’t change: The Star of David is a symbol of Judaism. Connected to. Young Adult literature typically draws from the following five Universal Themes: Protagonist vs. Another.Resolution: How the character deals with the information gained during the epiphany. Vehicle: An overarching idea or thread that permeates and ties together the entire story. . human vices. When all or most questions are answered. Nature. Example: Fire. because it can fly. humorous. etc. the first part of a text during which the tension between or within characters builds to the climax or epiphany. Protagonist vs. Protagonist vs. Rising Action: Typically. Different authors may use the same “items” as different symbols. her eyes were like chocolate. follies. Self. place of a story. (occasionally seen Protagonist vs.
gradually 19. hate 13. worse f) the most expensive Adjectives/Adverbs/Linking Verbs Exercise 1. less meaningful than 9. exciting 11. as good as 8. as qualified as 7. more patient 5. believe 12. silently 15. feel/don’t want 16. less expensive than 2. dark 14. less intelligent than 3. tragically 17. looking 6. confused 5. the same as b) more expensive than 8. interesting 10. quickly 4. warmer and warmer d) more expensive than 10. shocking 12. prestigious 10. hotter 6. boring 15. good 3. complete 11. confidently 2. better a) less expensive than 7. surprising 9. tired g) lighter h) as light as i) heavier j) the heaviest K) the lightest Distinguishing between Adjectives that End in –ed and –ing 1. feels 11. patient 12. gets 2. more dangerous than 10. are having 17. embarrassed 13. most 2. worse than 6.EFL RESOURCE BOOKLET – ANSWER KEYS GRAMMAR SECTION Comparative/Superlative Adjective Quiz 1. bored 6. the nicest 3.thicker than 12. softly 16. embarrassed 7. don’t hear 8. exciting 4. fascinating 8. important 5. hot 7. extremely 9. amazingly 13. fluently 6. as cold as 15. uncomfortable 8. different from c) as expensive as 9. moved 14. become 3. easier 4. have . appears 7. as smart as 13. interesting 2. faster than 11. have 18. the most creative 5. the tallest 14. quickly 18. as clean as 4. quiet 20. boring 3. as strong as Non-Progressive (linking) Verbs Exercise 1. distracted Comparative Adjectives – An Exercise 1.
The 12. a 18.4. made 4. a 2. I’m seeing 14. have 20. the 25. a 6. The/the 17. the 6. to get / have 8. John / Catholic Ali / Moslem 7. made 5. Panday / He 4. I / Vietnamese 17. the/the 21. The 7. got 6. I / French / July 3. Sing 14. We / Nepali / Mr. Ram / Singapore / RNAC / Dashain 9. a 7. O 4. the 8. We / Saturdays 16. Do / Dr. made 2. need 15. the 9. had / got 3. the 19. sound 19. a 13. The Nile River / Mediterranean Sea 6. got / had 10. the 3. O Articles Usage – An Exercise 1. acts 9. Canada / United States 15. The Mississippi River Causative Verbs – An Exercise 1. a 4. a 16. got 7. The 10. I / Professor Panday / University of Arizona 20. The 13. the 8. doesn’t taste 10. 0 2. the 15. a/the 3. appears 5. the 14. a/the 23. the/a 20. a/the 22. Othello / Venice / Shakespeare 8. got / had 9. a 24. made . Russians 11. a 5. I’m 10. I / New Delhi 12. Venezuela / Spanish 18. the 9. the 10. a 11. We/Tuesday 2. I’m having Using definite article “The” 1.the/the Capitalization – An Exercise 1. Perhaps / Rita / Anup / Pokhara 5. The 5. I’m / Modern European History 101 19.
He fell asleep while he was watching the film. 2. being 9. and 4. The first quiz was easy whereas this one is extremely difficult. I won’t invite my classmates to a party until I know them well. since 13. As soon as Alex has finished his homework. since 11. or 24. After they got married. so 25. or 1. seeing 14.Conjunctions: And. 6. or 12. 15. 11. going 5. 3. he can visit his friends. or Conjunctions: An Exercise 1. so 22. but 8. to stay 3. for 2. since 10. since 18. 9. 10. and 13. or 7. but 10. so George went to find help. The Harrisons were having a party because their daughter was getting engaged. for 9. since 14. and 20. for 5. for 17. She’s snobbish. since 16. He went crazy when his wife burnt his breakfast. 4. for 12. Since and For 1. so 19. they had to learn to manage their own home. to find 10. and 6. so. liking 2. 8. he won’t give up on his ideals. and 17. Since we’re broke. studying 7. Even though he failed. seeing 12. 13. to hear 4. since 19. and 14. for 20. 5. for 7. but. You can hear what I’m saying if you keep quiet. Benjamin passed the exam the first time whereas I had to take it three times. and 9. for Gerunds versus Infinitives 1. I had already done the dishes. for 15. 12. so 3. passing 11. or 5. we can’t buy anything. smoking 8. and 2.but 18. talking 15. Paula got the job even though she had no experience. yet people like her. The car broke down. to be 13. and 16. or 21. but 23. since 3. By the time he arrived home. since 4. since 6. 7. but 15. to see . so 11. 14. cooking 6. for 8.
can 8. b/a/a 9. b/c/c 7. forgotten Modals – An Exercise 1. should/can 20. flown 25. b 10. found 24.“I” and “Me” 1. cut 15. Alex handed the fishing pole to me. would 10. Gary and his brother invited me to their house. She and I delivered newspaper when we were in school. blown 6. caught 11. 9. 7. couldn’t have Countable/Uncountable Noun Quantifiers 1. become 3. 3. should/must/ought to 15. The policeman warned Robert and me about fireworks. should have/could have 3. may/should/can/ must 2. b 3. could/can/would 6. can’t 9. cost 14. eaten 20. b/a 6. a 4. Anthony invited George and me to his party. drunk 18. must 12. would/will 17. fed 22. can 19. would 5. brought 8. done 16. driven 19. come 13. would have 14. 6. Mrs. been 2. felt 23. will 18. should have 4. I usually score well on tests. should/must/ought to 7. chosen 12. bitten 5. should 13. 5. will/can 16. 10. 2. David and I love Mexican food. Simpson gave an award to Tina and me. None 2. b/a/a . Irregular Verbs – An Exercise 1. bought 10. built 9. broke 7. My brother will go and I will stay. c 5. Ivan and I like to fish. begun 4. c 11. drawn 17. fallen 21. can/would 11. 8. 4. b 8.
On. on 24. turn it in 12. of/of 10. over 24. on 5. before 25. c 2. d 8. in 5. at 13. on 4. a 18. a 12. at 12. for 3. on 21. b 16. b 9. take it back 6. a 3. of 14. figure out Phrasal Verb Practice 1. b 4. b 13. by 3. on 14. of . at 4. in 2. out/out 8. jotted down 14. at 25. on 29. clean up Preposition Quiz: In. in 14. At 1. in 18. on 23. with 16. in 19. at 3. in 11. between 22. at 23. on Preposition Practice 1. in 8. on 15. b 11. in 7. use it up 2. for 19. from 22. for 15. filled out/turned in 7. at 22. from 9. on 21. in 16. with 6. on 8. b 20. on 2. d 14. on 20. on 6. of 24. as 28. in 16. to 9. up/down 11. into 12. turn it down 9. at 17. in 7. to 23. at 9. without 20. b 19. a 5. on 10. in 20. try it on 3. at 11. to 5. in 26. of 4. heard from 10. at 30. turn it on 13. to Proverb Practice with Prepositions 1. to 17. on 27. put it out 8. at 13. a 7. at 18. by 21. for 7. c 11. in 15. in 18. call on 15. of 19. b 15. in 6. d 6. in 10. in 17. d 17. of 25. in 2. for 12. hung up 5. a 10. hand back 4.Two-Word Verb Quiz 1. into 13.
demonstrative 4 8. repetition 11. him 19. no changes needed 8. sadness 19. grew 14. explanation 10. relative 2 6. some 2. interrogative 6 12. no changes needed 6. enjoyable 18. any 3. relative 2 18. gratitude 8. personal 1 21. relative 2 3. drinking a lot of wine 7. them 6. some 7. them 14. personal 1 9. collect 5. personal 1 5. timid 3. scientific 9. fair 13. reflexive 1 23. relative 2 15. carefully 17. them 5. beauty 4. happily 14. contents 5. indefinite 3 11. personal 1 Object Pronouns Practice 1. together . personal 1 24. it 15. indefinite 3 16. some Redundancy – An Exercise 1. it 4. demonstrative 4 17. pleased 15.Pronoun Exercise 1. no changes needed 12. some 9. ancient 10. interrogative 6 20. any 5. injured Related Words Practice 1. her 11. 15. any 8. it 7. reflexive 5 2. interrogative 6 25. satisfactorily 3. relative 2 4. any 4. indefinite 3 10. artistic 6. her 13. relative 2 22. him 8. them 9. needed 4. kindness 12. it 10. reflexive 5 14. demonstrative 4 13. dangerous 20. him 2. some 6. dependable 2. guard 13. her 3. dirty 11. indefinite 3 7. made bigger 2. any 10. destruction 7. interrogative 6 Any and Some – An Exercise 1. enchanting 9. successful 16. them 12.
to 14. to 11. to 9. didn’t you? 6. have been talking 23. aren’t you? 5. has been studying 5. hasn’t been 3. i 12. has he? 9.Tag Question Practice 1. has been raining 4. has been 11. have worked 4. has been shopping 2. haven’t felt 16. h 5. for 12. g 10. have been voting 7. for 11. j 9. have worked 7. has been working 24. have been reading 25. have had 3. have been 15. to 16. has studied 13. k 7. has been 10. to 17. were you? 10. isn’t it? 3. has been waiting 20. to 8. built 15. to 7. has been working 17. d 3. for 6. a 4. did she? 2. haven’t left 8. went Expressions of Purpose 1. picked 13. has been working 10. would you? 12. doesn’t he? 4. to 5. b 8. has been playing 6. hasn’t it? 11. have eaten 9. haven’t played Simple Past versus Present Perfect 1. to 15. has lived 8. have had 18. has read . failed 6. to 2. has walked 12. for 4. do you? 7. to 18. have been 19. will she? Present Perfect versus Present Perfect Progressive 1. hasn’t seen 5. is she? 8. to 13. to 10. has been watching 22. has played 14. l 11. f 6. hasn’t cooked 14. e 1. haven’t achieved 2. have been walking 12. have been sitting 21. c 2. for 3.
Subject – Verb Agreement 1. are 2. has 3. is 4. runs 5. wants 6. have 7. have 8. has 9. were 10. concerns 11. is 12. are 13. are 14. are 15. makes 16. has 17. are 18. is 19. makes 20. are
Subject –Verb Agreement: More Practice 1. were 2. is 3. gets 4. are 5. is 6. is 7. is 8. do 9. are 10. are 11. has 12. was 13. has 14. are 15. are 16. is 17. like 18. is 19. is 20. is 21. have 22. were 23. is 24. speak 25. are 26. is 27. works 28. is 29. astounds 30. agree
Adverbs that Show Time Relationship 1. as soon as/after/just after/whenever 2. just after/whenever/after 3. whenever/as long as/every time 4. while/when/just as 5. while/just as 6. as soon as/just as 7. until 8. after/as soon as 9. just as/as soon as 10. just before /as soon as 11. three times 12.as soon as/just after 13. by the time 14. when 15. as long as 16. before / until 17. just as 18. as soon as / just as 19. as soon as/when/just as 20. every time/after/when/whenever
Using “Used To” 1. used to smoke 2. used to own 3. used to live 4. used to eat 5. used to be 6. used to take 7. used to be 8. used to go 9. used to travel 10. used to go
If: Special Tense Use 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The kitchen would look better if we had red curtains. I’ll be sorry if we don’t see her again. It would be a pity if Andy doesn’t get the job. If I knew his address, I would go around and find him. What would you do if you won the lottery? It would be quicker if you use a computer.
7. If you aren’t busy, I will show how to play. 8. If we have some eggs, I will make a cake. 9. If you really loved me, you would buy me those diamonds. 10. I’m sure Carmen would help you if you ask her. 11. If it weren’t so cold, I would tidy up the garden. 12. If I had the key, I would show you the cellar. 13. If I had children like hers, I would send them to boarding school. 14. Where would you if you needed to buy a picture frame? 15. Do you mind if I go first? Active or Passive Voice 1. was shocked 2. has been teaching 3. has been said 4. will be published 5. remembers 6. was introduced 7. is being considered 8. was held 9. will be given 10. had already been solved 11. is read 12. is delivered 13. happened 14. wrote / was written 15. attended 16. was hit 17. happened 18. was interrupted 19. heard 20. won’t be collected There is / There are 1. are 2. are 3. is 4. is 5. are 6. are 7. is 8. are 9. is 10. are 11. are 12. are 13. is 14. are 15. is 16. are 17. is 18. is 19. are 20. is
Using So and Such 1. so 2. such 3. so 4. such 5. so 6. so 7. such 8. such 9. such 10. so 11. such 12. such 13. so 14. such 15. such 16. so 17. so 18. such 19. so 20. so
Using Yet, Still and Anymore 1. yet 2. still 3. anymore 4. still 5. already 6. yet 7. yet 8. already 9. still 10. still 11. anymore 12. already 13. yet/still 14. already 15. still
Troublesome Verbs 1. raised 2. rises 3. sat 4. set 5. lay 6. lying 7. lay 8. lie 9. lies 10. raises 11. rose 12. lays Say and Tell 1. told 2. said 3. said 4. tells 5. told 6. said 7. said 8. told 9. said 10. said 11. told 12. told 13. tell 14. said 15. told 13. lay 14. set 15. sat 16. lies
Same as, Similar to, Different from 1. different from 2. similar to 3. different to/similar to 4. different from 5. the same as 6. similar to/different from 7. different from 8. the same as 9. different from 10. the same as Using “When” and “While” 1. d 2. f 3. h 4. e 5. b 6. g 7. j 8. a 9. i 10. c 11. the same as 12. similar to 13. the same as 14. different from 15. similar to
Collocations with “Make” and “Do” 1. do/make 2. making/doing did/do 3. Do/making 4. made/made 5. made 6. does/make 7. make/do 8. make/makes 9. made/do 10. make Connectives – An exercise 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. c 10. a 11. b 12. a 13. c 14. b 15. a 11. making/making 12. made 13. made/make 14. made/make 15. made
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS Wise Words 11. Seeing… 12. It doesn’t rain… 13. Like father… 14. Cleanliness is next to… 15. Home is where… 16. In for penny,… 17. Nothing succeeds… 18. When the cat is away… 19. Misery… 20. What goes up… Situation and their Responses 1. H 2. F 3. J 4. C 5. K 6. B 7. E/S 8. D 9. N 10. L 11. T 12. P 13. I 14. R 15.G
1. It takes two…. 2. Curiosity… 3. An apple a day keeps… 4. One man’s loss… 5. Actions speak… 6. Finder’s keeper… 7. Silence… 8. To err… 9. God helps those… 10. A stitch in time…
Idioms about the body and the Mind 1. head 2. mouth 3. head 4. leg 5. heart 6. leg 7. hand 8.mouth 9. tongue/check 10. hand 11. foot/mouth 12. tongue 13. thumbs 14. hands 15. hands 16. neck 17. nose 18. heart/stomach 19. throat 20. neck/neck
Phrases and Places 1. n 2. m 3. j 4. g 5. a 6. f 7. i 8. q 9. h 10. e 11. b 12. k 13. o 14. c 15. p 16. t 17. l 18. d 19. r 20. s 21. w 22. y 23. z 24. v 25. x 26. u
Riddles for Children 1. E 2. O 3. X 4. H 5. U 6. G 7. S 8. F 9. M 10. Y 11. V 12. T 13. B 14. W 15. P 16. D 17. J 18. A 19. I 20. L 21. Z 22. R 23. N 24. Q 25. K 26. C
Idiomatic Expressions Using Colors 1. red 2. white 3. gray 4. blue 5. green 6. pink 7. pink 8. black 9. blue 10. red 11. white 12. white 13. green 14. black 15. red 16. purple 17. green 18. red 19. blue 20. red
Common Comparisons – Similes 1. e 2. m 3. d 4. j 5. l 6. a 7. o 8. f 9. n 10. i 11. b 12. h 13. c 14. k 15. g
Expressing our Moods 1. bad mood 2. sorting things 3. friction 4. bad mood 5. good mood 6. sorting things 7. bad mood 8. good mood 9. bad mood 10.sorting things 11. bad mood 12. friction 13. bad mood 14. sorting things 15. good mood 16. bad mood 17. good mood 18. friction 19. friction 20. good mood
Animated Animals a) 5 b) 7 c) 14 d) 2 e) 11 f) 9 g) 1 h) 12 I) 4 Animal Idioms a) 12 b) 8 c)10 d)15 e)14 f) 13 g) 7 h) 3 i) 6 j) 11 k) 9 l) 2 Using Idioms 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 7. b 5. a 8. b 6. b 9. b 10. b 11. b 12. a 13. b 14. b 15. a 16. a 17. b 18. a 19. a 20. b 21. a 22. b 23. a 24. a m) 16 n) 1 o) 4 p) 5 j) 13 k) 6 l) 15 m) 3 n) 10 o) 8
Food Idioms 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. a 8. a 9. b Dilemmas 1. learn 2. follow 3. be 4. obey 5. fake 6. do 7. read 8. achieve 9. keep 10. accept 10. a 11. a 12. b
Follow the Idiom 1. shadow 2. slow 3. below 4. narrow 5. window 6. follow 7. grow 8. snow 9. yellow 10. row 11. blow 12. bow 13. show 14. know 15. low 16. elbow
A Review of Some Idiomatic Expressions 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. c Idioms of the Body and the Mind II 1. ears 2. head 3. head 4. mind 5. head 6. head 7. mind 8. head 9. mind 10. mind 11. face 12. head 13. nose 14. mind 15. eye 16. heads 17. eye 18. ears 19. head 20. eyes 21. hairs 22. mind 23. neck/neck 24. ear 25. nose 26. head 27. mouth 28. head 29. leg 30. heart 31. leg 32. hand 33. hand 34. hands 35. heart 10. b 11. c 12. a
Body Parts – Idioms 1. C 2. H 3. I 4. F 5. G 6. N 7. R 8. P 9. B 10. O 11. S 12. Q 13. D 14. M 15. K 16. A
Words to Insult Folks you Don’t Like 1. F 2. I 3. G 4. J 5. H 6. B 7. E 8. D 9. A 10. C 1. sycophant 2. diabolic 3. inebriate 4. opponent 5. mendacious 6. hypochondriac 7. dilettante 8. agnostic 9. abhorrent 10. enmity 1. agnostic 2. sycophant 3. antagonist 4. inebriate 5. hypochondriac 6. mendacious 7. diabolical 8. mendacity 9. dilettante 10. abhorrent
What do you Call the Thing That….? 1. can opener 2. telephone 3. wallet 4. purse 5. coins 6. bills 7. menu 8. alphabet 9. clouds 10. racket 11. bananas 12. key 13. onion 14. jet 15. bird 16. mattress 17. lemon/lime 18. moustache 19. stamps 20. knife 21. puppy 22. coin 23. dishwasher 24. shoelaces 25. a year 26. punctual
Which one does not Belong? a) censure b) merit c) alter d) smudge e) prosper f) lock g) captivate h) fetch i) hazard j) junk k) poverty l) dawn m) capture n) gutter o) stream p) crook q) unselfish r) tedious s) enchanting t) dingy v) lazy u) agile w) partisan x) skint y) merge z) tell off aa) burst cc) vanish dd) bounty ee) carry on
What do They Do? 1. one who collects money 11. a specialist in diseases of 21. a glamorous and such as coins and bills and the feet successful female performer medals 2. one who collects stamps 12. one who studies water 22. a specialist in handwriting 3. one who studies fossil 13. one underwrites an 23. a waiter who specializes
remains 4. a specialist in diseases of the rectum 5. one who practices arbitrage 6. one who manages the camera for a film 7. one who makes maps 8. one who studies cryptographic systems 9. one who studies human population 10. a specialist in urinary diseases
insurance policy 14. a nurse who looks after patients in critical state 15. a dealer in men’s clothes and accessories 16. one who studies the classification of animals and plants 17. a peddler of unsolicited advice 18. one who offers extensive treatment 19. an examiner 20. an expert in semantics Name your Fear
in wine 24. a specialist in butterflies 25. a college or university teacher 26. one who specializes in the study of diseases 27. someone able to predict the future 28. an employee who runs errands 29. one who helps settle disputes 30. one who specializes in the problems of the aged
1. Q 2. P 3. O
4. V 5.U 6. N
7. W 8. M 9. L
10. K 11. J 12. I
13. G 14. C 15. D
16. X 17. H 18. R
19. E 20. F 21. Z
22. T 23. Y 24. S
25. A 26. B
Comparing Word Meaning 1. pin 2. pen 3. wheel 4. ring 5. shell 6. star 7. teeth 8. story 9. plate 10. bed 11. glass 12. key Places People Live In 1. L 2. A 3. B 4.J 5. D 6. H 7. Z 8. E 9. M 10. T 11. K 12. I 13. S 14. O 15. F 16. P 17. C 18. V 19. W 20. G 21. Y 22. X 23. N 24. Q 25. R 26. U 13. table 14. light 15. nail
Places to Go for a Purpose 1. zoo 2. museum 3. cinema 4. aquarium 5. bar/pub 6. concert hall 7. sports stadium 8. amusement park 9. bank 10. post office 11. travel agency 12. funeral parlor 13. dry cleaners’ 14. plumber 15. employment agency 16. law firm 17. realtor 18. Laundromat 19. library 20. convenience store
Occupation Quiz 1. a 2. c 3. f 4. s 5. g 6. o 7. p 8. l 9. l 10. j 11. h 12. d 13. b 14. m 15. i 16. e 17. t 18. n 19. q 20. t
Collocations for Nouns and their Partitives 1. E 2. A 3. I 4. L 5. C 6. J 7. D 8. M 9. O 10. G 11. H 12. F 13. N 14. U 15. P 16. Q 17.V 18. T 19. X 20. K 21. B 22. Z 23. S 24. W 25. R 26. Y
Analogies 1. hospital 2. cow 3. drank 4. five 5. knee 6. inexpensive 7. after 8. light 9. finger 10. grape 11. tulip 12. glove 13. melt 14. dozen 15. bowl Synonyms A. animated B. gloomy C. make D. dull E. keen F. brotherly G. bizarre H. generous I. memento J. flawless K. wrestle L. depart M. listen N. envy O. listen P. obtain Q. hang R. long Antonyms a) lethargic b) thankless c) mean d) superficial e) industrious j) delectation k) vacuous l) fascinating m) listless n) advance s) barren t)) civilized v) esteem u) blunt w) order S. continual T. arrange V. pleased U. caught W. bravery X. change Y. stroke Z. ask 16. length 17. too 18. frown 19. blackboard 20. watch 21. teeth 22. bottom 23. decades 24. throw 25. ripe
wear it 8. X 18. G 16. S 26. godchild 30. E 10. wife 12. B 7. Y 19. I 15. X 20. T 7. K 25. drink it 15. son 7. G 24. J 28. ex-wife 29. AA 2. drive it 12. N 21.A 5. E 14. H 17. EE 11. sister 16. Q 3. V 10. S 17. niece 22. godmother 27. parents-in-law 23. wear it Euphemisms 10. parents 4. mother-in-law 20. F 11. F 30. Z 6. P 23. C 9. Q 22. V 13. nephew Functional Knowledge 21. eat it 11. wear it 13. D 16. Y 16. uncle 5. B 18. V 2. T 13. cousins 26. FF 26. I 17. J 14. M 20. eat it 6. O . D 21. R 9. Z 21. O 15. C 25. cousin 17. A 10. S 3. read it 5. L 31. DD 18. eat it 7. A 32. children 13. drive it 1. C 8. drink it 3. X 4. P 9. great-aunt 1. K 11. M 8. W 2. wear it 4. R 26. L 19. father 2. E 8. cousin 18. N 27. D 23. brother/sister 14.BB 5. Q Doublespeak 1. CC 19. U 7. I 12.W 12. H 22. grandson 9. J 5. M 25. B 13. stepfather/mother 28. sister 8. grandfather 3. H Eponyms 1. U 14. W 4 . P 15. great-grandson 25. O 23. cousin 6. F 4. T 29. read it 14. read it 9. husband 15. Y 20.f) imaginary g) relaxed h) extant i) jejune o) dull p) noisy q) normal r) cheerful Family Relationship Quiz x) wet y) traditional z) sad 1. brother-in-law 19. V 22. K 6. N 6. wear it 2. mother 11. nephew 10. G 3. grandmother 24. R 24. Z 12. L 24.
l 18. crash 23. k 14. horde 13. council 24. you’re 11. j 16. g 5. advice 27. exiting 29. collage 23. here 8. a 7. afternoon 2. f 6. bedroom 3. exciting 28. principle 22. break 6. desert 7. food 15. than 30. m 15. capital 5. baboons 14. complimented At Home – Parts of a House 1. whose 12. c 9. t 4. s 12. congregation 21. drift 24. principal 18. army 2. h 3. murder 9. husk 15. brace 10. zoo 9. knot 25. effect A Quiz of Collective Nouns .Animals 1. stationery 19. n 11. i 10. covey 22. clowder 7. look 12. dessert 2. footsteps 5. cartoon 4. bale . b 20. sleuth 4. hive 5. your 13. watch 19. goodbye 16. r 17. skein 12.Difficult Words 1. too 10. their 16. affect 20. muster 20. floor 8. exaltation 17. hear 3. d 8. too 14. door 16. charm 14. gang 11. p 13. leap 18. counsel 26. cete 3. lose 4. o 19. its 15. whether 17. kangaroos 13. siege 8. volery 6. football 11. capital 10. lose 9. poodle 7. kettle At the Zoo 1. effect 25. school 6. e 2. t 21.
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