DALL-E

DALL-E (stylized DALL·E) is an artificial intelligence program that creates images from textual descriptions, revealed by OpenAI on January 5, 2021. It uses a 12-billion parameter version of the GPT-3 Transformer model to interpret natural language inputs (such as "a green leather purse shaped like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of a sad capybara") and generate corresponding images. It can create images of realistic objects ("a stained glass window with an image of a blue strawberry") as well as objects that do not exist in reality ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). Its name is a portmanteau of "WALL-E" and Dalí.

Many neural nets from the 2000s onward have been able to generate realistic images. DALL-E, however, is able to generate them from natural language prompts, which it "understands [...] and rarely fails in any serious way".

DALL-E was developed and announced to the public in conjunction with CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training), a separate model whose role is to "understand and rank" its output. The images that DALL-E generates are curated by CLIP, which presents the highest-quality images for any given prompt. OpenAI has refused to release source code for either model; a "controlled demo" of DALL-E is available on OpenAI's website, where output from a limited selection of sample prompts can be viewed.

According to "MIT Technology Review", one of OpenAI's objectives was to "give language models a better grasp of the everyday concepts that humans use to make sense of things".


Art House Productions

Art House Productions is a not-for-profit arts organization located in Jersey City, New Jersey. Art House Productions is best known for organizing and coordinating JC Fridays, a variation on a First Fridays citywide art and culture event, held quarterly since 2006. Art House also produces Your Move Modern Dance Festival, an annual performance festival featuring the art of modern dance at the historic Loew's Jersey Theater, and "Art House TV", a weekly public-access television show on the air since 2003, in addition to hosting acting classes and workshops for teenagers and adults.

Art House was founded by Christine Goodman, current director for the Office of Cultural Affairs for the city of Jersey City, in 2001. Following the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center Twin Towers in New York City, Goodman reportedly wanted to create a community open mic night for Jersey City artists, living directly across the Hudson River from Lower Manhattan, to be able to reflect on the events of the attack. In the years following, Art House Productions began offering regular open mic nights and performance showcases, co-sponsoring arts and culture programming with the Jersey City municipal government, and hosting visual and performing arts exhibitions, festivals, theater productions, and drag bingo events.

In 2018, Art House established the 6th Borough Comedy Festival, a stand-up, sketch and improv festival featuring local and national comedians, with headliner Gilbert Gottfried. In 2019, the festival featured a roast of Jersey City Mayor Steven Fulop. In 2020, the festival was renamed the Jersey City Comedy Festival.

The first Art House Productions offices, theater, and gallery space was located in the Jersey City neighborhood of Hamilton Park. In 2014, the organization relocated its headquarters to Journal Square, and moved again in 2017 to the Cast Iron Lofts building in the Soho West district. Meredith Burns succeeded Goodman as the executive director of Art House in 2017.

In 2021, Art House Productions merged with Jersey Art Exchange (JAX), a nonprofit providing arts and media education programs for Jersey City youth.


The 1876 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose fifteen representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Arkansas voted for the Democratic candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, over Republican candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes.Tilden won Arkansas by a margin of 20.05%.


The 1884 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Louisiana voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
Louisiana voted for the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine by a margin of 14.85%.


Šalčmiriai

Šalčmiriai (formerly ) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 26 people. It is located 3 km from Akademija by the Kunkulis rivulet.

located in the statistical territorial entity


MV Vacationland

The MV "Vacationland" is a Canadian RORO ferry that operated across the Northumberland Strait between the ports of Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick and Port Borden, Prince Edward Island.

Built in 1971 by the Government of Canada for Canadian National Railways (CNR) at Port Weller Dry Docks near St. Catharines, Ontario, "Vacationland" was designed for the sheltered waters of the Northumberland Strait; and as such her vehicle decks are open on both sides and she lacks a hurricane bow. She measures 99.06 metres (325 feet) in length, 20.9 metres (67 feet) in beam, and displaces 2775 tons. She has a capacity for 485 passengers and 155 vehicles or 16 tractor trailers. She is a sister ship to the MV "Holiday Island". She is powered by two Ruston V-16 16CSVM Ruston diesel train engines that produce 3625 horsepower each giving a total of 7250 horsepower. Her propellers are of the Voith-Schnieder Cycloidal design which are located in the bow and stern of the ship. They are variable pitch that turn opposite one another that propels the ship and steers it as well. The table diameter that the blades are housed in is 14.5 feet. Her sister ship the MV Holiday Island has the same propulsion machinery and main engines.

The MV Vacationland had her sea trials at Port Weller Drydocks in mid April 1971 and her sister ship MV Holiday Island had her sea trials during the first week of April 1971. Their keels were laid at the Port Weller Drydock in November 1969. The MV Vacationland entered service on the Cape Tormentine-Borden run after the MV Holiday Island which had arrived the week before her in May 1971.

CNR changed the name of its ferry services to CN Marine in 1977 and then to Marine Atlantic in 1986. The opening of the Confederation Bridge on June 1, 1997 saw Marine Atlantic close its ferry service and all of its vessels on this route except "Holiday Island" were disposed and sold off by the Crown Assets division of the Department of Public Works and Government Services.

"Vacationland"'s sister ship "Holiday Island" sailed 100 kilometres to the east end of the strait and began service that month under the colours of Northumberland Ferries Ltd., however "Vacationland" sailed to Sydney, Nova Scotia and help haul cargo from the Marine Atlantic Borden terminal and was stored there until being sold in 1998 to the Government of New Brunswick.

Upon her purchase by the Government of New Brunswick "Vacationland" was renamed MV "Fundy Paradise" with the intention of using her for service between Blacks Harbour and Grand Manan Island. Funding for making modifications to the docks at both terminals for accepting the ship was never approved and she was towed to the Steel and Engine Products Ltd. shipyard in Liverpool, Nova Scotia where she was mothballed until the Government of New Brunswick decided to dispose of her in 2001.

"Fundy Paradise" was towed back to Sydney from Liverpool and remained docked at Sydport while listed for sale until 2005 when she was sold to a company from Quebec City. In summer 2009, she was towed from Sydney to Trois-Rivières where she is undergoing a major refit and conversion for rock and sand transportation on the Saint Lawrence River.

located in the administrative territorial entity


Ridgway's rail

Ridgway's rail ("Rallus obsoletus") is a near-threatened species of bird. It is found principally in California's San Francisco Bay to southern Baja California. A member of the rail family, Rallidae, it is a chicken-sized bird that rarely flies.

This species is closely related to the clapper rail, and until recently was considered a subspecies. It has a long, downward curving bill and is grayish brown with a pale chestnut breast and conspicuous whitish rump patch. The population levels of Ridgway's rail are precariously low due to destruction of its coastal and estuarine marshland habitat by prior land development and shoreline fill. It has year-long, circadian activity and is most vocal nocturnally and crepuscularly.


Kanazōshi

describes a type of printed Japanese book that was produced primarily in Kyoto between 1600 and 1680. The term literally means “books written in "kana"” ("kana" being the phonetic Japanese syllabary that is simpler to read and write than "kanji", or Chinese ideographs). The designation thus derives from the fact that the text of these books was written either entirely in "kana" or in a mixture of "kana" and "kanji". "Kanazōshi" are considered to be a transitional genre, bridging the gap between medieval romances and the first high point of Edo period (1600-1868) literature, the "ukiyozōshi" composed by Ihara Saikaku (1642–93). The genre comprises an unlikely assortment of essays, stories, travel guides for famous places, military chronicles, religious writings, and critical pieces. Despite the lack of uniformity in content, "kanazōshi" are classified as a distinct genre primarily based on the fact that they were the first literary works to be printed and widely circulated in Japan. Scholars also maintain that "kanazōshi" are generally of higher literary quality and more realistic than medieval forms, such as the "otogizōshi", that preceded them.


Travancore Rupee

The Travancore rupee was a type of currency issued by the State of Travancore, now mainly a part of Kerala in South India. The rupee was largely a newer currency in comparison to the older currencies of Kerala such as the "Fanams", "Achus", "Chuckrams" as well as the "Kasu" (or Cash). Its creation was probably intended for the increased trading with British India and the high-value transactions therein.

The Travancore Rupee was the highest denomination of currency issued for general circulation. The highest face value issued was the '1/2 rupee'. While there had been plans to introduce 'One Travancore Rupee', this was never done. The half-rupee and the quarter-rupee remained the highest values issued for circulation. The Travancore Rulapee was issued until 1946 CE (1121 M.E. or Malayalam Era), remaining in circulation till 1949. It was replaced by the Indian rupee following Travancore's accession into India.


Pietro Scalia

Pietro Scalia (born March 17, 1960) is an Italian–American film editor. He won Best Film Editing at the 64th Academy Awards for his work on the film "JFK", and shared the award with Joe Hutshing.


Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project

The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project () was a multi-disciplinary project commissioned by the People's Republic of China in 1996 to determine with accuracy the location and time frame of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.

The project was directed by Tsinghua University professor Li Xueqin and involved around 200 experts. It used radiocarbon dating, archaeological dating methods, historical textual analysis, astronomy, and other methods to achieve greater temporal and geographic accuracy. Preliminary results were released in November 2000. However, several of the project's methods and conclusions have been disputed by other scholars.


Takeover Target

Takeover Target (27 September 1999 – 20 June 2015) was a much-travelled Australian Thoroughbred racehorse who won top sprinting races in each of the five major cities in Australia as well as in the United Kingdom, Japan, and Singapore.

He was owned and trained by Joe Janiak, a former Queanbeyan, New South Wales, taxi driver, and was ridden by Sydney-based jockey Jay Ford in all but two race starts. He was purchased for A$1,250 plus $125 GST in July 2003 and earned $6,028,311 in prize money.


Vivica Genaux

Vivica Genaux (; born July 10, 1969) is an American coloratura mezzo-soprano. She was born in Fairbanks, Alaska. She has sung in major operas such as "The Barber of Seville" at the Metropolitan Opera, "L'italiana in Algeri" at Opéra National de Paris, and "La Cenerentola" with Dallas Opera and the Bavarian State Opera.


Campanus of Novara

Campanus of Novara ( 1220 – 1296) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, and physician who is best known for his work on Euclid's "Elements". In his writings he refers to himself as Campanus Nouariensis; contemporary documents refer to him as Magister Campanus; and the full style of his name is Magister Campanus Nouariensis. He is also referred to as Campano da Novara, Giovanni Campano or similar. Later authors (from the 16th century on) sometimes applied the forename Johannes Campanus or Iohannes Campanus.

His date of birth is uncertain but may have been as early as the first decade of the 13th century and the place of birth was probably Novara in Piedmont. He served as chaplain to Pope Urban IV, Pope Adrian V, Pope Nicholas IV, and Pope Boniface VIII. His contemporary Roger Bacon cited Campanus as one of the two "good" (but not "perfect") mathematicians indicating that Bacon considered Campanus as excellent or one of the greatest mathematicians of their time. A number of benefices were conferred upon him and he was relatively wealthy at the time of his death. He died at Viterbo in 1296. The crater Campanus on the Moon is named after him.


Dnevni telegraf

Dnevni telegraf was a Serbian daily middle-market tabloid published in Belgrade between 1996 and November 1998, and then also in Podgorica until March 1999.

It was the first privately owned daily in Serbia after more than 50 years of across-the-board public ownership under communism. Founded and owned by Slavko Ćuruvija, published in tabloid format with content that catered to the middle-market, "Dnevni telegraf" maintained high prominence and readership all throughout its run.


Lunar New Year Fair

The Lunar New Year Fair (), also known as the flower market (), is a type of fair held annually a few days before Lunar New Year in Chinese New Year markets in China. These fairs are primarily practiced by the Cantonese, and spread with Cantonese immigration.


Hyundai Terracan

The Hyundai Terracan is a mid-size SUV produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai Motor Company from 2001 to 2007. It was based on the Hyundai Highland concept and featured a chassis derived from the second generation Mitsubishi Pajero. It was powered by one of two engines: a 2.9 liter inline-four Hyundai J engine, or a 3.5 liter V6 Hyundai Sigma engine. The car's name derives from Tarascan, a Mesoamerican empire state was located in west central Mexico. The Terracan was replaced by the Hyundai Veracruz.

Australian specification Terracans were available in two trim levels - base and Highlander. Highlander models came standard with leather seats, climate control airconditioning and an automatic 4wd differential that engaged 4wd on the fly. All models came with low range gearing and a separate ladder frame chassis.

The Terracan has also been built and sold in China from 2004 to 2011 under the Hawtai brand in a joint venture with Hyundai that lasted up to 2010. The facelifted version was only available and came with the 2.4 liter 4G64, a 2.5 liter diesel, 2.9 liter "J-Series" diesel and the 3.5 liter "Sigma" V6 as standard. Transmission choices were a 5 speed manual or 4 speed automatic.


Robert Collett

Robert Collett (2 December 1842 – 27 January 1913) was a Norwegian zoologist. Collett was director and curator of the Zoological Museum at University of Oslo.

Robert Collett was born at Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the eldest child of Professor Peter Jonas Collett (1813–51) and Camilla Collett (1813–95). His maternal uncles included Oscar and Henrik Wergeland, and his paternal uncles included Peter Severin Steenstrup. He had three younger brothers, including the writer and historian, Alf Collett. He never married.

He attended the Latin School in Lillehammer and was a fellow in zoology at the University of Oslo. From 1864 he was curator at the Zoological Museum in Oslo. In 1882 he became its director and was appointed professor in 1885. He worked with vertebrates, primarily fishes. He described many new species of fish, spiders and other organisms.

A popular book "Norges pattedyr" written by him was on the mammals of Norway. This book was to influence Charles Elton to study the periodic fluctuations in animal populations. The work by Elton on animal fluctuations, particularly those of lemmings challenged the idea that there was a balance in nature.

Collett is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of reptiles: "Ctenotus colletti" and "Pseudechis colletti".


Anton Thorkildsen Omholt

Anton Thorkildsen Omholt (7 Novdmber 1861 – 11 February 1925) was a Norwegian civil servant and politician for the Liberal Party. He served for a time as the editor of the Dagbladet newspaper. He served as the County Governor of Nordland county from 1908 until 1913. In 1913, the Prime Minister of Norway, Gunnar Knudsen asked him to be the Norwegian Minister of Finance, a position he held from 1913 to 1920. During his time as Minister of Finance, he took two leaves of absence. One was from 23 April-16 July 1915 and the other was at the end of his term, he left on leave on 12 December 1919 and resigned from the post on 16 June 1920. He then continued with a life outside of politics.


AH1

Asian Highway 1 (AH1) is the longest route of the Asian Highway Network, running from Tokyo, Japan via Korea, China, Southeast Asia, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran to the border between Turkey and Bulgaria west of Istanbul where it joins end-on with European route E80, running all the way to Lisbon, Portugal.


Shadow of Rome

is a 2005 hybrid hack and slash/stealth video game, with elements of vehicular combat, developed and published by Capcom for the PlayStation 2. The game was released in Europe and North America in February, and in Japan in March.

The plot is a fictionalized version of the assassination of Julius Caesar, focusing on two characters, Agrippa, a soldier whose father is accused of murdering Caesar, and who is forced to fight in the gladiatorial arenas, and Octavianus, who sets about proving Agrippa's father's innocence.

The game received favorable reviews. Originally conceived as the first part of a franchise aimed at a specifically western audience, the sequel was in the early stages of development when the first game was released. However, due to poor sales, particularly in North America, executive producer Keiji Inafune decided to scrap the franchise, and "Shadow of Rome 2" ultimately became "Dead Rising".


Bankers Hall

Bankers Hall is a building complex located in downtown Calgary, Alberta, which includes twin 52-storey office towers (197 metres high), designed by the architectural firm Cohos Evamy in postmodern architectural style.

The first building, known as Bankers Hall East, is located at 855 2nd Street SW and was completed in 1989. It was followed in 2000 by Bankers Hall West, at 888 3rd Street SW. After its completion, they became the tallest twin buildings in Canada.

Both buildings contain four-level podiums with an upscale retail gallery connected to the Plus 15 skywalk network. The Core Shopping Centre, the largest shopping complex in downtown Calgary, is directly connected via Plus 15. The northeast corner of the complex incorporates the historic Hollinsworth Building, whose intricate terra cotta facade has been fully restored.

The distinctive crowns of the buildings are intended to resemble cowboy hats when viewed from afar; Bankers Hall West is topped by a gold roof structure while the East building's crown is in silver. A white cowboy hat has long been an iconic symbol of Calgary, being portrayed on the city's flag, and presented as gifts to foreign dignitaries by the civic government at "white hatting ceremonies".

For tenants and people who work in and around Bankers Hall, there is also a fitness centre called Bankers Hall Club. Bankers Hall Club occupies the old space of the Bankers Hall Five movie theater which was open from 1990 to 2001.


Italian public administration

The Italian public administration (in acronym IPA, in italian PA), in the Italian legal system, indicates the set of public bodies belonging to the public administration of the Italian Republic.


The Minister of State at the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage of the Government of Ireland who may perform functions delegated by the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank.

There are currently two Ministers of State, who were appointed in 2020:
*Peter Burke, TD – Minister of State for Local Government and Planning
*Malcolm Noonan, TD – Minister of State for Heritage and Electoral Reform


Lančiūnava

Lančiūnava (formerly , ) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 503 people. It is located from Kėdainiai, by the A8 highway, surrounded by the Lančiūnava-Šventybrastis Forest. There is a school, a vocational school, a kinder garden, a library, a forestry, a former manor palace with a park, a Catholic church of St. Casimir (built in 1880).


Aga Khan affair

The Aga Khan affair was a political scandal in Canada involving Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. In 2017, Trudeau was found guilty of violating sections 5,11,12, and 21[1] of the Federal Conflict of Interest Act by accepting private-island vacations, gifts, and flights from the Aga Khan, a philanthropist and spiritual leader of the Shia Ismailism movement. This was deemed significant as the Aga Khan Foundation, a registered lobby, had received over $50 million of federal funding in 2016.

Justin Trudeau adopted the position that he and the Aga Khan were close friends, and the trips were of a personal nature. This was ostensibly supported by a close relationship between Trudeau’s father, Pierre Elliot Trudeau, and the Aga Khan. Furthermore in 1983, when Justin Trudeau was twelve years old, their two families had undertaken a vacation together to Greece.

Then-Ethics Commissioner Mary Dawson stated in her ruling however that Justin Trudeau and the Aga Khan had undertaken no serious social interactions for thirty years outside a single instance at the funeral of Pierre Elliot Trudeau; and that, “there were no private interactions between Mr. Trudeau and the Aga Khan until Mr. Trudeau became Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. This led me to conclude that their relationship cannot be described as one of friends for the purposes of the Act.”


Kanapėna

Kanapėna ('cannabis field', formerly ) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located from Pesliškės, alongside the A1 highway.


Langakiai

Langakiai (formerly , ) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 196 people. It is located from Čekiškė, by the Ringovė river. There is a library, a medicine station, a farm.

During the Soviet era Langakiai was the "Oak" "kolkhoz" center.


224 West 57th Street

224 West 57th Street, also known as the Argonaut Building and formerly as the Demarest and Peerless Company Building, is a commercial building on the southeast corner of Broadway and 57th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, just south of Columbus Circle. The building consists of two formerly separate structures, the A. T. Demarest & Company Building and the Peerless Motor Car Company Building, both used by automobile companies. Both structures were designed by Francis H. Kimball and erected by the George A. Fuller Company with similar Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival architectural details.

The portion of the building at the corner of 57th Street and Broadway was built for car manufacturer Aaron T. Demarest and his company. The section belonging to the former Peerless Motor Company is an "L"-shaped structure wrapping around the A. T. Demarest Building. 224 West 57th Street is 11 stories tall; the former Demarest section rises nine stories, while the Peerless section contains a partial tenth floor and an additional two-story tower. 224 West 57th Street contains a steel-frame curtain wall, concrete piers, and a facade of glazed architectural terracotta. Inside, both of the former structures had automotive storerooms at ground level and warehouses and repair facilities on the upper floors.

The Demarest and Peerless buildings were constructed simultaneously in 1909. General Motors (GM) bought both buildings in 1918 and combined them internally. After GM constructed other buildings in Manhattan, 224 West 57th Street was renamed the Argonaut Building to avoid confusion. The Hearst Corporation bought 224 West 57th Street in 1977 and housed its Hearst Magazine department there until 2006. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building as a city landmark in 2000. The building was renovated from 2008 to 2011 and subsequently became the headquarters of Open Society Foundations.


Maleikoniai

Maleikoniai ("Malaikoniai, Maleikonys", formerly , ) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 55 people. It is located from Kunioniai, between the Slajus rivulet and the Pernarava-Šaravai Forest, alongside the 299 Aristava-Kėdainiai-Cinkiškiai road.

There is a new manor style conference hall and rural tourism house.


István Rév

István Rév (Budapest, 17 January 1951) is professor of history and political science at Central European University in Budapest and director of the Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives. He is member of the Open Society Foundations Global Board.


1 Chronicles 5

1 Chronicles 5 is the fifth chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. This chapter focuses on the Transjordanian tribes, geographically from south to north: Reuben (verses 1–10), Gad (verses 11–17) and the half tribe of Manasseh (verses 23–24), as well as the account of the war against the Hagrites (verses 10, 18–22) and the reasoning why Transjordanian tribes were taken away into exile (verses 25–26). It belongs to the section focusing on the list of genealogies from Adam to the lists of the people returning from exile in Babylon (1 Chronicles 1:1 to 9:34).


Cabanatuan Cathedral

Cabanatuan Cathedral (), officially known as the Saint Nicholas of Tolentino Parish Cathedral (), is the ecclesiastical seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cabanatuan in the Philippines. It is located at Del Pilar Street, Barangay General Luna, in downtown Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija province.

The cathedral and the Plaza Lucero at its front, is nationally and historically known as the death place of Filipino general Antonio Luna.


Plugged Nickle

Plugged Nickle (foaled March 1, 1977 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He was voted American Champion Sprint Horse in 1980.


2001 anthrax attacks

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The 2001 anthrax attacks, also known as Amerithrax (a blend of "America" and "anthrax", from its FBI case name), occurred in the United States over the course of several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001, one week after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to several news media offices and to Democratic Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy, killing five people and infecting 17 others. According to the FBI, the ensuing investigation became "one of the largest and most complex in the history of law enforcement".

A major focus in the early years of the investigation was bioweapons expert Steven Hatfill, who was eventually exonerated. Bruce Edwards Ivins, a scientist at the government's biodefense labs at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland, became a focus around April 4, 2005. On April 11, 2007, Ivins was put under periodic surveillance and an FBI document stated that he was "an extremely sensitive suspect in the 2001 anthrax attacks". On July 29, 2008, Ivins committed suicide with an overdose of acetaminophen.

Federal prosecutors declared Ivins the sole culprit on August 6, 2008, based on DNA evidence leading to an anthrax vial in his lab. Two days later, Senator Chuck Grassley and Representative Rush D. Holt, Jr. called for hearings into the Department of Justice and FBI's handling of the investigation. The FBI formally closed its investigation on February 19, 2010.

In 2008, the FBI requested a review of the scientific methods used in their investigation from the National Academy of Sciences, which released their findings in the 2011 report "Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI's Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters". The report cast doubt on the government's conclusion that Ivins was the perpetrator, finding that the type of anthrax used in the letters was correctly identified as the Ames strain of the bacterium, but that there was insufficient scientific evidence for the FBI's assertion that it originated from Ivins's laboratory. The FBI responded by pointing out that the review panel asserted that it would not be possible to reach a definite conclusion based on science alone, and said that a combination of factors led the FBI to conclude that Ivins had been the perpetrator. Some information is still sealed concerning the case and Ivins's mental problems. The government settled lawsuits that were filed by the widow of the first anthrax victim Bob Stevens for $2.5 million with no admission of liability. The settlement was reached solely for the purpose of "avoiding the expenses and risks of further litigations", according to a statement in the agreement.


Kharis Ralph

Kharis Ralph (born April 22, 1992) is a Canadian former ice dancer. With Asher Hill, she is the 2008 Canadian national junior champion and 2011 Nebelhorn Trophy bronze medalist.


École des Beaux-Arts

An École des Beaux-Arts (; "School of Fine Arts") is one of a number of influential art schools in France. It is the cradle of Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and the United States during the end of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century. The most famous and oldest École des Beaux-Arts is the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, now located on the left bank in Paris, across the Seine from the Louvre, at 14 rue Bonaparte (in the 6th arrondissement). The school has a history spanning more than 350 years, training many of the great artists in Europe. Beaux Arts style was modeled on classical "antiquities", preserving these idealized forms and passing the style on to future generations.


Tarłów

Tarłów is a village (a town in 1550-1870) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Tarłów. It lies approximately north-east of Opatów and east of the regional capital Kielce. It is approximately north of the town of Ozarow. The village has a population of 790, and belongs to historic province of Lesser Poland.

The history of Tarłów dates back to 1550, when a local nobleman, Andrzej Tarło, founded the town named after himself, which replaced the already existing village of Czekarzewice. Tarłów received its charter in 1550 from King Zygmunt August, in Piotrków Trybunalski. The town's inhabitants, thanks to the King's order, were exempt from paying taxes for 20 years. In 1614 Tarłów got its first, wooden church, founded by Mikołaj Oleśnicki. In 1636 a hospital was opened, and in 1647, the wooden church was replaced with a brick church of Holy Trinity, which still stands.

During the Deluge, Swedish invaders destroyed and ransacked most of Lesser Poland's towns, including Tarłów. After the wars, the town never recovered. In 1851, when Tarłów already belonged to the Russian-controlled Congress Poland, it almost completely burned - all that remained were four houses and the church. During the January Uprising Tarłów was one of the centers of the rebellion, for which in 1869 the Russians stripped it of the town rights. In 1873, a pandemic of cholera decimated the population, including local artisans, famous for their pots. In 1877 Tarłów got a courthouse of the gmina, and in 1905 - first fire station. In 1927, the government of the Second Polish Republic opened here an elementary school, in a complex which is still used. In 1915, during World War I, 1st Brigade, Polish Legions fought here with Russian troops. During World War II, Tarłów's Jewish population was murdered in the Holocaust. In 1943, the Home Army company "Tarłów" was created, which in the summer 1944 took part in the Operation Tempest.


European route E7

European route E7 forms part of the international E-road network. It runs from Pau in France to Zaragoza in Spain.


The 1994 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Birmingham, Alabama in the United States and played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 26th edition of the tournament and was held from April 11 to April 18, 1994. Fourth-seeded Jason Stoltenberg won the singles title.


La Vega raid

The La Vega raid was a police raid that occurred on 8 January 2021 in La Vega Parish, Caracas, Venezuela. The objective of the raid was to take control of La Vega Parish, which was controlled by the "El Loco" gang. Members of the Venezuelan National Police (PNB), the Special Action Forces (FAES) and the Venezuelan National Guard seized control of the parish, killing a number of people in the neighborhood. According to investigative journalists and human rights organizations, the death toll was 23 people. By 11 January, no member of the Nicolás Maduro administration had made a statement about the events or announced a death toll.


Södermanland Runic Inscription 174

The Södermanland Runic Inscription 174 is a Viking Age runestone engraved in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark runic alphabet. It is located at Aspö Church in Strängnäs Municipality. The style of the runestone is a categorized as Pr1.


Daan King Building

Daan King Building, or Ta Ann King Building (), is a skyscraper office building located in South District, Taichung, Taiwan. The height of the building is , with a floor area of , and it comprises 42 floors above ground, as well as four basement levels. The building was completed in 1994 and was one of the earliest skyscrapers in Taichung as well as the first building to reach more than 40 floors in the city. Daan King Building and Daan International Building located on the opposite side of the road are commonly known as Taichung Twin Towers, as the two buildings have almost the same appearance, however their completion dates are different by three years. As of January 2021, it is the 20th tallest building in Taichung.


Loretta Cessor Manggrum

Loretta Cessor Manggrum (July 28, 1896 – May 11, 1992), sometimes published as L.C. Manggrum, was an American pianist, music educator, and composer of sacred music. In particular, she is known for her cantatas and other choral works. She was the first African American to earn a degree from the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, where she earned a master's degree in Music in 1953. Some of her archives, including, manuscripts, scores, and correspondence, is in the Library of Congress and in the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University.


Teatro Avenida

"Teatro da Avenida", better known as Teatro Avenida, was a theatre located at 150 to 156 Avenida da Liberdade in the city of Lisbon, Portugal, which operated from 1888 to 13 December 1967, when it was completely destroyed by fire.

Following the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the city was rebuilt under the instructions of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal. The reconstruction included the development of a park, oriented south-east to north-west, known as the "Passeio Público". The park's borders rapidly became a popular location for the elite to build their homes and, over time, it was considered necessary for a road to be built through the park. The Avenida da Liberdade was completed in 1886.

The "Teatro Avenida" opened on 11 February 1888 and until 1906 was the only entertainment facility on the Avenida da Liberdade. It had a very simple appearance, with little architectural distinction. On the ground floor of the façade were four wooden doors, while on the first floor there was an iron balcony across the width of the façade. The initial reception of the interior by Lisbon's newspapers was very positive although, over the years, it became criticised for being small, cramped and lacking in suitable emergency exits. In part, this criticism may have been because an additional 96 seats were added in the 20th century.

Theatre companies occupying the "Teatro Avenida" often experienced difficulties in making a profit, particularly in its early years. Almost all genres passed through the theatre, but it found it easier to fill the house for operettas, variety shows, farces, comedies, and sentimental dramas. It had its greatest public and commercial successes in the 1920s and 1930s with popular shows, such as those put on by the "Satanela-Amarante" company and the "Maria Matos- Mendonça de Carvalho" company, and with plays involving such stars as Palmira Bastos, , and . Other actors to perform there included Beatriz Costa, Eunice Muñoz, João Villaret, Laura Alves and Vasco Santana.

By the 1950s, however, serious consideration was being given to the future of "Teatro Avenida". The owner had announced his intention to sell the building and had tried, without success, to evict the tenant. There were several proposals regarding what to do with the site, including one that involved the construction of a larger, modern theatre. In 1964 the "Rey Colaço-Robles Monteiro" theatre company moved into the theatre following the destruction by fire of the "D. Maria II National Theatre", which it was then occupying. It carried out some remodelling as the "Avenida" had suffered from considerable neglect. Amélia Rey Colaço, the actress and impresario, used much of her own money in this upgrading and the theatre reopened on 6 February 1965 to a favourable reception, with the "Diário de Lisboa" noting that it was "newly dressed to hide its old age", stating that it had been transformed into a small theatre in the style of Paris.

In less than three years, however, the "Avenida" was also destroyed by fire, which broke out 30 minutes before a performance of "The Birthday Party" by Harold Pinter was due to begin on 13 December 1967. The cause of the fire was believed to have been an electrical fault. The theatre was completely destroyed, with the firefighters having been hindered by a lack of water pressure. In September 1970 the Lisbon municipality approved the demolition of the building and it was replaced by an office building.


Milojko Spajić

Milojko Spajić (; born 1987) is a Montenegrin politician, financial engineer and the Minister of Finance and Social Welfare in the Government of Montenegro and the cabinet of Zdravko Krivokapić.


Fuller's Coffee Shop

Fuller's Coffee Shop is a diner serving standard American cuisine in Portland, Oregon's Pearl District, in the United States. Established in 1947, the restaurant has operated from its location in downtown Portland since 1960. It serves breakfast all day, and the menu features a cheeseburger with an recipe that has not changed since the diner's establishment. Described as a greasy spoon, Fuller's has received a generally positive reception, and appeared in an episode of the television series "Grimm" in 2017.


Orvieto railway station

Orvieto railway station ("Stazione di Orvieto ") is a station in Orvieto, Umbria, Italy. It is located on the Florence–Rome railway. Its buildings and infrastructure is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, which classified it in 2008 in the "silver" category.


The 1995 Nichirei International Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan that was part of Tier II of the 1995 WTA Tour. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from 19 September through 24 September 1995. Second-seeded Mary Pierce won the singles title.


Gianluca Barilari

Gianluca Barilari (born 14 February 1964) is a Swiss professional basketball coach, currently the head coach of the Swiss national basketball team.
He became the head coach of the Swiss national basketball team in 2017. Before 2017, Barilari coached club teams in Italy, Turkey and Switzerland. He also coach several of Switzerland’s youth national basketball teams.


HYLAS-4

HYLAS-4 is a telecommunications satellite owned and operated by Avanti Communications and manufactured by Orbital ATK (now Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems) that was launched by an Ariane 5 rocket on 5 April 2018.


Sharon Calahan

Sharon Calahan is an American cinematographer who was director of photography on the Pixar films "A Bug's Life" (1998), "Toy Story 2" (1999), and "Finding Nemo" (2003), and was lighting director for "Ratatouille" (2007), "Cars 2" (2011), and "The Good Dinosaur" (2015). She took part in the early rise of computer animated feature filmmaking and the acceptance of that medium as cinematography. Calahan is the first member of the American Society of Cinematographers who was invited to join on the basis of a career entirely in animated film. She was nominated, with Bill Reeves, Eben Ostby, and Rick Sayre, for a 2000 BAFTA Award for Best Achievement in Special Visual Effects for "A Bug's Life".


The Foundation for Armenian Science and Technology (FAST) is a not-for-profit organization whose focus is to harness scientific, technological, and financial resources within national and international communities to advance Armenia as a nation with a thriving ecosystem in STEM-related sector.

FAST was co-founded by Ruben Vardanyan and Noubar Afeyan on behalf of the IDeA Foundation, Fr. Mesrop Aramian on behalf of the Ayb Educational Foundation, and high-tech and innovations entrepreneur Artur Alaverdyan. Armen Orujyan, founder of Athgo, was announced as the Chief Executive Director of FAST in April 2017.


Yaouk

Yaouk () is a locality in the Snowy Monaro Region, New South Wales, Australia. It lies in open grassland valleys surrounded by mountains on both sides of the Murrumbidgee River, downstream from and east of the Tantangara Dam, north of Adaminaby, east of the Kosciuszko National Park and south of the Namadgi National Park in the Australian Capital Territory, but separated from it by the mountainous Scabby Range. It is about 110 km south of Canberra and about 75 km northwest of Cooma. At the , it had a population of 25.


The 1936 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 3, 1936, as part of the 1936 United States presidential election. Voters chose 19 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Michigan was won by Democratic incumbents president Franklin D. Roosevelt and vice president John Nance Garner, defeating Republican candidate Alf Landon and his running mate Frank Knox by 317,061 votes, or a margin of 17.57%.


China–United States trade war

The China–United States trade war () is an ongoing economic conflict between China and the United States. U.S. President Donald Trump in January 2018 began setting tariffs and other trade barriers on China with the goal of forcing it to make changes to what the U.S. says are "unfair trade practices" and intellectual property theft. The Trump administration stated that these practices may contribute to the U.S.–China trade deficit, and that the Chinese government requires transfer of American technology to China. In response to US trade measures, the Chinese government accused the Trump administration of engaging in nationalist protectionism and took retaliatory action. After the trade war escalated through 2019, on January 15, 2020, the two sides reached a phase one agreement, however tensions continued to persist. By the end of the Trump presidency, the trade war was widely characterized as largely a failure.

Since the 1980s, Trump had advocated tariffs to eliminate the U.S. trade deficit and promote domestic manufacturing, saying the country was being "ripped off" by its trading partners; imposing tariffs became a major plank of his presidential campaign. Most economists do not believe trade deficits pose a significant problem for the American economy. Nearly all economists who responded to surveys conducted by the Associated Press and Reuters said Trump's tariffs would do more harm than good to the American economy, and some economists advocated alternate means to address trade deficits with China.

The trade war negatively impacted the economies of both countries. In the United States, it has led to higher costs for manufacturers, higher prices for consumers and financial difficulties for farmers. In China, the trade war contributed to a slowdown in the rate of economic and industrial output growth, which had already been declining. Many American companies have shifted supply chains to elsewhere in Asia, bringing fears that the trade war would lead to a US-China economic 'decoupling'. The trade war has also caused economic damage in other countries, though some benefited from increased manufacturing as production was shifted to them. It also led to stock market instability. Governments around the world have taken steps to address some of the damage caused by the economic conflict.

While there has been broad support for the Trump administration's objective of making China change its trade policies, the use of tariffs and the trade war's negative economic impact have been widely criticized. Among American industries, U.S. businesses and agricultural industries have opposed the trade war, though most farmers continued to support Trump, who provided them with substantial financial support. As the Biden administration began in January 2021, Biden was evaluating the tariffs and pursuing a multilateral approach with allies to confront China.


2016–17 Mestis season

The 2016–17 Mestis season was the 17th season of Mestis, the second highest level of ice hockey in Finland after Liiga. Previous seasons champion Jukurit got a place in the Liiga. IPK got promoted from Suomi-sarja at the end of last season. Espoo United got a place in Mestis after Espoo Blues suffered bankruptcy and the league was exceptionally played with 13 teams.

At the end of the season SaPKo won both the regular season and the playoffs. Hokki and IPK retained their place in Mestis, while JYP-Akatemia was relegated. Hokki faced bankruptcy during the off-season and thus Imatran Ketterä were awarded a place in Mestis for the next season.


Oposa v. Factoran

Oposa v. Factoran (G.R. No. 101083), often alternatively titled Minors Oposa v. Factoran or Minors Oposa, is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines which recognizes the doctrine of Intergenerational Responsibility on the environment in the Philippine legal system. The case is a contributor to the development of international environmental law.


Ægir Bryggeri

Ægir Bryggeri is a micro brewery in Flåm, Norway. The brewery is named after the Norse god Ægir. Ægir brews, according to Odin, the best of beers. The brewery was founded by Aud Melås and Evan Lewis in 2007. A new brewery facility was built and put into service in June 2012. The brewery produces craft beers in cans and for the own brewery pub in Flåm. An increasing share of the production is for export. Ægir Bryggeri delivers beer for sale throughout Norway.

The kinds of beer vary, and consist of beer types, inspired from various craft breweries around the world, including the United States. The brewery has an annual capacity of around .


Hans Wilhelm Alt

Hans Wilhelm Alt (born 1945, Hilden) is a German mathematician, specializing in partial differential equations and their applications.

Alt received his Abitur in 1965 from the prestigious secondary school Helmholtz-Gymnasium Hilden. In 1971 he received his promotion (Ph.D.) from the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen under Erhard Heinz with thesis "Verzweigungspunkte von H-Flächen" (Branching points of H-surfaces.)
Alt became a professor at the Institute for Applied Mathematics at the University of Bonn, where he retired as professor emeritus in 2010. In 2011 he was made an honorary professor at the Technical University of Munich.

His research deals with, among other topics, free boundary value problems for elliptic partial differential equations and hyperbolic partial differential equations with applications to mechanics and thermodynamics. For example, he has done research on axially symmetric jet flows and propagation of fluids in inhomogeneous porous media. More recently, he has studied the mathematical theory of phase transitions.

in 1986 Alt was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Berkeley, California. He is the author of a textbook on functional analysis, which has been translated into English.

His doctoral students include Harald Garcke and Barbara Niethammer. His brother is the biomathematician Wolfgang Alt.


The 1892 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Nevada was won by the Populist nominees, James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate James G. Field of Virginia. Weaver and Field defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. The state constituted the Populist Party's highest margin of victory in the election.


Liat Towers

Liat Towers is a shopping mall and mixed-use complex in Orchard Road, Singapore. Built in 1979, it is next to the Orchard MRT station of Singapore. It has 21 floors with offices, foodservice outlets, retail stores and embassies. The building is notable as the location of McDonald's first outlet in Singapore, which opened on October 20, 1979
, most notably also being the first ever McDonald's outlet in Southeast Asia.


1992 Mercedes Cup

The 1992 Mercedes Cup, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and held at the Tennis Club Weissenhof in Stuttgart, Germany that was part of the Championship Series of the 1992 ATP Tour. It was the 15th edition of the tournament was held from 13 July until 19 July 1992. Unseeded qualifier Andrei Medvedev won the singles title.

located in the administrative territorial entity


1990 Mercedes Cup

The 1990 Mercedes Cup, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and held at the Tennis Club Weissenhof in Stuttgart, West Germany that was part of the Championship Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. It was the 13th edition of the tournament was held from 16 July until 22 July 1990. Tenth-seeded Goran Ivanišević won the singles title.


Boland 1911 Tailless Biplane

The Boland 1911 Tailless Biplane was an American pioneering aircraft.

At the end of 1909, Wilbur R. Kimball bought Dr. William Greene's 1909 biplane and took it to Rahway, New Jersey where he and Frank Boland removed the tail and began experimenting with a novel control system that eventually led to the first Boland Brothers 'jibbed' tailless biplane.


The 1892 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

North Carolina was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.


David Drasin

David Drasin (born 3 November 1940, Philadelphia) is an American mathematician, specializing in function theory.

Drasin received in 1962 his bachelor's degree from Temple University and in 1966 his doctorate from Cornell University supervised by Wolfgang Fuchs and Clifford John Earle, Jr. with thesis "An integral Tauberian theorem and other topics". After that he was an assistant professor, from 1969 an associate professor, and from 1974 a full professor at Purdue University. He was visiting professor in 2005 at the University of Kiel and in 2005/2006 at the University of Helsinki.

In 1976, Drasin gave a complete solution to the inverse problem of Nevanlinna theory (value distribution theory), which was posed by Rolf Nevanlinna in 1929. In the 1930s, the problem was investigated by Nevanlinna and by, among others, Egon Ullrich(de) (1902–1957) with later investigations by Oswald Teichmüller (1913–1943), Hans Wittich, Le Van Thiem (1918–1991) and other mathematicians. Anatolii Goldberg (1930–2008) was the first to completely solve the inverse problem in the special case where the number of exceptional values is finite. For entire functions the problem was solved in 1962 by Wolfgang Fuchs and Walter Hayman. The general problem concerns the question of the existence of a meromorphic function at given values of the exceptional values and associated deficiency values and branching values (with constraints from the Nevanlinna theory). Drasin proved that there is a positive answer to Nevanlinna's problem.

In 1994 Drasin was an Invited Speaker at the ICM in Zurich. Since 1996 he is a co-editor of the "Annals of the Finnish Academy of Sciences" and a co-editor of "Computational Methods in Function Theory". He was a co-editor of the American Mathematical Monthly from 1968 to 1971. From 2002 to 2004 he was a program director/analyst for the National Science Foundation.

He is married and has three children.


2017 6 Hours of Shanghai

The 2017 6 Hours of Shanghai was an endurance sports car racing event held at the Shanghai International Circuit, Shanghai, China on 3—5 November 2017, and served as the eighth race of the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship. Toyota's Anthony Davidson, Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima won the race driving the No. 8 Toyota TS050 Hybrid.


Pavel Blatný

Pavel Blatný (born June 22, 1968 in Brno, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech chess grandmaster.


Mount Steadman

Mount Steadman is a rural locality in the North Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. In the Mount Steadman had a population of 8 people.


Wooroonden

Wooroonden is a rural locality in the South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. In the Wooroonden had a population of 59 people.


Ioannis Papaioannou

Ioannis Papaioannou (; born 20 April 1976) is a Greek chess grandmaster. He is a four-time Greek Chess Champion.


Roy Dobbin

Roy Samuel Dobbin (22 November 1873 - 10 March 1939) was professor of midwifery and gynaecology at the Royal School of Medicine in Cairo and was obstetric surgeon and gynaecologist to Kasr-el-Aini Hospital. During the First World War he served as an officer with the Royal Army Medical Corps in France. He was a founding fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

After his death, the University of Cairo resolved that "a gold medal for proficiency in gynaecology and obstetrics be founded, and that it be named 'The Roy Dobbin medal'" and that a ward in the gynaecological section of the hospital be named The Roy Dobbin.


Miss Maryland's Outstanding Teen

"For the state pageant affiliated with Miss Teen USA, see Miss Maryland Teen USA"
The Miss Maryland's Outstanding Teen competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the U.S. state of Maryland in the Miss America's Outstanding Teen pageant.

Kate Wills of Frederick was crowned Miss Maryland's Outstanding Teen on June 26, 2021 at the Maryland Theater in Hagerstown, Maryland. She will competed for the title of Miss America's Outstanding Teen 2022 at the Loews Royal Pacific Resort at Universal Orlando on July 30, 2021 in Orlando, Florida.


Johan Borups Højskole

Johan Borups Højskole (literally Borup's Folk High School) is a folk high school situated at Frederiksholms Kanal 24 in central Copenhagen, Denmark.


Lars Klingbeil

Lars Klingbeil (born 23 February 1978) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party, who has been the General Secretary of the Social Democratic Party since 8 December 2017. Since 2001 he has been a member of the City Council of Munster and a member of the District Council of Heide. He was a Member of the Bundestag for about 9 months in 2005 and has been a member again since the 2009 Federal Election. From 2003 till 2007, Klingbeil was the Deputy Leader of the Jusos, the SPD youth wing. Klingbeil is a member of the Seeheim Circle, the right wing of the SPD, which shares many similarities with Tony Blair's New Labour.


Fraticelli of Monte Malbe

The Fraticelli of Monte Malbe () were a religious order founded in the fourteenth century in Monte Malbe, near Perugia, by Francesco di Niccolò of Perugia. The order then spread and erected hermitages also at Sansepolcro and Mount Subasio, near Assisi. The order followed the Rule of St. Augustine, and was approved by the bishops of Perugia and Città di Castello. In 1363 the bishop of Perugia nominated Liberato di Simone from Sansepolcro as leader. The movement was affected by the Inquisition in 1361–1362, which ultimately led to its dissolution in the last decades of the fourteenth century.

The Fraticelli of Monte Malbe were a Mendicant order. One of their core principles was radical voluntary poverty, in contrast to the Franciscans, whom they accused of deviating from their origins and of committing simony.


Sergei Aleksandrovich Stepanov

Sergei Aleksandrovich Stepanov (Сергей Александрович Степанов; 24 February 1941) is a Russian mathematician, specializing in number theory. He is known for his 1969 proof using elementary methods of the Riemann hypothesis for zeta-functions of hyperelliptic curves over finite fields, first proved by André Weil in 1940–1941 using sophisticated, deep methods in algebraic geometry.

Stepanov received in 1977 his Russian doctorate (higher doctoral degree) from the Steklov Institute under Dmitry Konstantinovich Faddeev with dissertation (translated title) "An elementary method in algebraic number theory". He was from 1987 to 2000 a professor at the Steklov Institute in Moscow. In the 1990s he was also at Bilkent University in Ankara. He is at the Institute for Problems of Information Transmission of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Stepanov is best known for his work in arithmetic algebraic geometry, especially for the Weil conjectures on algebraic curves. He gave in 1969 an "elementary" ("i.e." using elementary methods) proof of a result first proved by André Weil using sophisticated methods, not readily understable by mathematicians who are not specialists in algebraic geometry. Wolfgang M. Schmidt extended Stepanov's methods to prove the general result, and Enrico Bombieri succeeded in using the work of Stepanov and Schmidt to give a substantially simplified, elementary proof of the Riemann hypothesis for zeta-functions of curves over finite fields. Stepanov's research also deals with applications of algebraic geometry to coding theory.

He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1974 in Vancouver. He received in 1975 the USSR State Prize. He was elected a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society in 2012.


Vincenzo Maria Sarnelli

Vincenzo Maria Sarnelli (5 April 1835 – 7 January 1898) was an Italian Catholic archbishop. He served as the Bishop of Castellammare di Stabia from 1879 to 1897 and then as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Naples from 1897 to 1898. Following his death, he was named a Servant of God.


Madonna Adoring the Sleeping Christ Child is a c.1475 tempera on panel painting by Giovanni Bellini, measuring 77 cm by 56 cm. It forms part of the Contini Bonacossi Collection within the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.


Keita Bates-Diop

Keita Bates-Diop (born January 23, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Austin Spurs of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Ohio State Buckeyes.


1678 Kediri campaign

The 1678 Kediri campaign (also, in Dutch sources, Hurdt's expedition or the Kediri expedition) took place from August to December 1678 in Kediri (in modern-day East Java, Indonesia) during the Trunajaya rebellion. The forces of the Mataram Sultanate, led by Amangkurat II, and the Dutch East India Company (VOC), led by Anthonio Hurdt, marched inland into eastern Java against Trunajaya's forces. After a series of marches beset by logistical difficulties and harassment by Trunajaya's forces, the Mataram–VOC army crossed the Brantas River on the night of 16–17 November. They then marched on Trunajaya's capital and stronghold at Kediri and took it by direct assault on 25 November. Kediri was plundered by the Dutch and Javanese victors, and the Mataram treasury—captured by Trunajaya after his victory at Plered—was completely lost in the looting. Trunajaya himself fled Kediri and continued his greatly weakened rebellion until his capture at the end of 1679.

During the march to Kediri, the Mataram–VOC army purposefully split itself into three columns which took different, indirect routes to Kediri, as suggested by Amangkurat. This enabled the army to meet more factions and to win over those with wavering allegiance, swelling its forces. The army marched through areas previously unexplored by the Dutch. The Dutch account was recorded in a journal by Hurdt's secretary Johan Jurgen Briel. Accounts of the campaign also appear in the Javanese chronicles, known as .


Java Platform, Standard Edition

Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for desktop and server environments. Java SE was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE).

The platform uses Java programming language and is part of the Java software-platform family. Java SE defines a range of general-purpose APIs—such as Java APIs for the Java Class Library—and also includes the Java Language Specification and the Java Virtual Machine Specification. OpenJDK is the official reference implementation since version 7.


Sinhala script

Sinhala script (; "Siṁhala Akṣara Mālāva"), also known as Sinhalese script, is a writing system used by the Sinhalese people and most Sri Lankans in Sri Lanka and elsewhere to write the Sinhala language, as well as the liturgical languages, Pali and Sanskrit. The Sinhalese Akṣara Mālāva, one of the Brahmic scripts, is a descendant of the Ancient Indian Brahmi script.

Sinhala script is an abugida written from left to right. Sinhala letters are ordered into two sets. The core set of letters forms the alphabet (Pure Sinhala, ), which is a subset of the alphabet (Mixed Sinhala, ).


Windows Me

Windows Millennium Edition, or Windows Me (marketed with the pronunciation of the pronoun "me"), is an operating system produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows 9x family of Microsoft Windows operating systems. It was the direct successor to Windows 98, and was released to manufacturing on June 19, 2000, with retail sales beginning on September 14, 2000. It is the third and final product of the Windows 9x family, which is based on the Windows 95 kernel and MS-DOS; while its successor Windows XP is based on the Microsoft's Windows NT kernel instead.

Windows Me was targeted specifically at home PC users, and included Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media Player 7, and the new Windows Movie Maker software, which provided basic video editing and was designed to be easy to use for home users. Microsoft also incorporated features first introduced in Windows 2000, which had been released as a business-oriented operating system seven months earlier, into the graphical user interface, shell, and Windows Explorer. Although Windows Me was still ultimately based around MS-DOS like its predecessors, access to real-mode MS-DOS was restricted to decrease system boot time.

Windows Me was initially positively received, but its reception became more negative as time went on, to the point that it was heavily panned by users due to stability issues. Retrospectively, Windows Me is viewed as one of the worst operating systems Microsoft has ever produced. In October 2001, Windows XP was released to the public, having already been under development at the time of Windows Me's release, and popularized most of Me's features, while being far more stable. Extended support for Windows Me ended on July 11, 2006.


Roman Holiday

Roman Holiday is a 1953 American romantic comedy film directed and produced by William Wyler. It stars Audrey Hepburn as a princess out to see Rome on her own and Gregory Peck as a reporter. Hepburn won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance; the screenplay and costume design also won.

The script was written by John Dighton and Dalton Trumbo, though with Trumbo on the Hollywood blacklist, he did not receive a credit; instead, Ian McLellan Hunter fronted for him. Trumbo's credit was reinstated when the film was released on DVD in 2003. On December 19, 2011, full credit for Trumbo's work was restored. Blacklisted director Bernard Vorhaus worked on the film as an assistant director under a pseudonym.

The film was shot at the Cinecittà studios and on location around Rome during the "Hollywood on the Tiber" era. The film was screened in the 14th Venice Film Festival within the official program.

In 1999, "Roman Holiday" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".


The Thing from Another World

The Thing from Another World, sometimes referred to as just The Thing, is a 1951 American black-and-white science fiction-horror film, directed by Christian Nyby, produced by Edward Lasker for Howard Hawks' Winchester Pictures Corporation, and released by RKO Pictures. The film stars Margaret Sheridan, Kenneth Tobey, Robert Cornthwaite, and Douglas Spencer. James Arness plays The Thing; he is difficult to recognize in costume and makeup due to both low lighting and other effects used to obscure his features. "The Thing from Another World" is based on the 1938 novella "Who Goes There?" by John W. Campbell (writing under the pseudonym of Don A. Stuart).

The film's storyline concerns a U.S. Air Force crew and scientists who find a crashed flying saucer and a humanoid body frozen in the Arctic ice, near the craft. Returning to their remote research outpost with the body still in a block of ice, they are forced to defend themselves against the still alive and malevolent plant-based alien when it is accidentally defrosted.


Bodyline

Bodyline, also known as fast leg theory bowling, was a cricketing tactic devised by the English cricket team for their 1932–33 Ashes tour of Australia, created to combat the extraordinary batting skill of Australia's Don Bradman. A bodyline delivery was one in which the cricket ball was bowled, at pace, at the body of the batsman in the expectation that when he defended himself with his bat a resulting deflection could be caught by one of several fielders standing close by on the leg side.

Critics of the tactic considered it intimidating and physically threatening, to the point of being unfair in a game that was traditionally supposed to uphold long-held conventions of sportsmanship. The England team's use of the tactic was perceived by some, both in Australia and England, as overly aggressive or even unfair, and caused a controversy which rose to such a level that it even threatened diplomatic relations between the two countries before the situation was calmed.

Although no serious injuries arose from any short-pitched deliveries while a leg theory field was actually set, the tactic led to considerable ill feeling between the two teams, particularly when Australian batsmen were struck by the ball, which inflamed spectators.

Short-pitched fast bowling in general continues to be permitted in cricket, even when aimed at the batsman, and is considered to be a legitimate bowling tactic when used sparingly. However, over time, several of the Laws of Cricket were changed to render the bodyline tactic less effective.


Library of Congress Classification

The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress in the United States. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries.

LCC should not be confused with LCCN, the system of Library of Congress Control Numbers assigned to all books (and authors), which also defines URLs of their online catalog entries, such as "42037605" and "https://lccn.loc.gov/42037605". The Classification is also distinct from Library of Congress Subject Headings, the system of labels such as "Boarding schools" and "Boarding schools—Fiction" that describe contents systematically. Finally, the classifications may be distinguished from the call numbers assigned to particular copies of books in the collection, such as "PZ7.J684 Wj 1982 FT MEADE Copy 1" where the classification is "PZ7.J684 Wj 1982".

The classification was invented by Herbert Putnam in 1897, just before he assumed the librarianship of Congress. With advice from Charles Ammi Cutter, it was influenced by his Cutter Expansive Classification, the Dewey Decimal System, and the Putnam Classification System (developed while Putnam was head librarian at the Minneapolis Public Library). It was designed specifically for the purposes and collection of the Library of Congress to replace the fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson. By the time Putnam departed from his post in 1939, all the classes except K (Law) and parts of B (Philosophy and Religion) were well developed.

LCC has been criticized for lacking a sound theoretical basis; many of the classification decisions were driven by the practical needs of that library rather than epistemological considerations. Although it divides subjects into broad categories, it is essentially enumerative in nature. That is, it provides a guide to the books actually in one library's collections, not a classification of the world.

In 2007 "The Wall Street Journal" reported that in the countries it surveyed most public libraries and small academic libraries used the older Dewey Decimal Classification system.

The National Library of Medicine classification system (NLM) uses the initial letters "W" and "QS"–"QZ", which are not used by LCC. Some libraries use NLM in conjunction with LCC, eschewing LCC's "R" for Medicine. Others use LCC's "QP"–"QR" schedules and include Medicine "R".


La Espero

"La Espero" () is a poem written by Polish-Jewish doctor L. L. Zamenhof (1859–1917), the initiator of the Esperanto language. The song is often used as the (unofficial) anthem of Esperanto, and is now usually sung to a triumphal march composed by Félicien Menu de Ménil in 1909 (although there is an earlier, less martial tune created in 1891 by Claes Adelsköld, along with a number of other lesser-known tunes). It is sometimes referred to as the hymn of the Esperanto movement.

Some Esperantists object to the use of terms like "hymn" or "anthem" for "La Espero", arguing that these terms have religious and nationalist overtones, respectively.


Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony ( ; ; ) is a German state ("Land") situated in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, being larger than Denmark with , and fourth-largest in population (7.9 million) among the 16 "Länder" federated as the Federal Republic of Germany. In rural areas, Northern Low Saxon (a dialect of Low German) and Saterland Frisian (a variety of the Frisian language) are still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining.

Lower Saxony borders on (from north and clockwise) the North Sea, the states of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia, and the Netherlands (Drenthe, Groningen and Overijssel). Furthermore, the state of Bremen forms two enclaves within Lower Saxony, one being the city of Bremen, the other, its seaport city of Bremerhaven (which is a semi-enclave, as it has a coastline). In fact, Lower Saxony borders more neighbours than any other single "Bundesland." The state's principal cities include the state capital Hanover, Braunschweig (Brunswick), Lüneburg, Osnabrück, Oldenburg, Hildesheim, Wolfenbüttel, Wolfsburg, and Göttingen.

The northwestern area of Lower Saxony, which lies on the coast of the North Sea, is called East Frisia and the seven East Frisian Islands offshore are popular with tourists. In the extreme west of Lower Saxony is the Emsland, an economically emerging but rather sparsely populated area, once dominated by inaccessible swamps. The northern half of Lower Saxony, also known as the North German Plains, is almost invariably flat except for the gentle hills around the Bremen geestland. Towards the south and southwest lie the northern parts of the German Central Uplands: the Weser Uplands and the Harz mountains. Between these two lie the Lower Saxon Hills, a range of low ridges. Thus, Lower Saxony is the only "Bundesland" that encompasses both maritime and mountainous areas.

Lower Saxony's major cities and economic centres are mainly situated in its central and southern parts, namely Hanover, Braunschweig, Osnabrück, Wolfsburg, Salzgitter, Hildesheim, and Göttingen. Oldenburg, near the northwestern coastline, is another economic centre. The region in the northeast is called the Lüneburg Heath ("Lüneburger Heide"), the largest heathland area of Germany and in medieval times wealthy due to salt mining and salt trade, as well as to a lesser degree the exploitation of its peat bogs until about the 1960s. To the north, the Elbe River separates Lower Saxony from Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Brandenburg. The banks just south of the Elbe are known as "Altes Land" (Old Country). Due to its gentle local climate and fertile soil, it is the state's largest area of fruit farming, its chief produce being apples.

Most of the state's territory was part of the historic Kingdom of Hanover; the state of Lower Saxony has adopted the coat of arms and other symbols of the former kingdom. It was created by the merger of the State of Hanover with three smaller states on 1 November 1946.


Hong Kong

Hong Kong (; , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKSAR), is a metropolitan area and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. With over 7.5 million residents of various nationalities in a territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world.

Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island from Xin'an County at the end of the First Opium War in 1841 then again in 1842. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. British Hong Kong was occupied by Imperial Japan from 1941 to 1945; British administration resumed after the surrender of Japan. The whole territory was transferred to China in 1997. As one of China’s two special administrative regions (the other being Macau), Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of "one country, two systems".

Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages, the territory has become one of the world's most significant financial centres and commercial ports. It is the world's tenth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer. Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade, and its currency, the Hong Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world. Hong Kong is home to the second-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, the highest number of billionaires of any city in Asia, and the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world. Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, severe income inequality exists among the population.

Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and ranks fourth on the UN Human Development Index. The city has the largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world, and its residents have some of the highest life expectancies in the world. The dense space led to a developed transportation network with public transport rates exceeding 90 percent. Hong Kong is ranked 4th in the Global Financial Centres Index.


Horse

The horse ("Equus ferus caballus") is a domesticated one-toed hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of "Equus ferus". The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, "Eohippus", into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC. Horses in the subspecies "caballus" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.

Horses are adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, possessing an excellent sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months, and a young horse, called a foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a saddle or in a harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years.

Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods", such as draft horses and some ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "warmbloods", developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe. There are more than 300 breeds of horse in the world today, developed for many different uses.

Horses and humans interact in a wide variety of sport competitions and non-competitive recreational pursuits, as well as in working activities such as police work, agriculture, entertainment, and therapy. Horses were historically used in warfare, from which a wide variety of riding and driving techniques developed, using many different styles of equipment and methods of control. Many products are derived from horses, including meat, milk, hide, hair, bone, and pharmaceuticals extracted from the urine of pregnant mares. Humans provide domesticated horses with food, water, and shelter, as well as attention from specialists such as veterinarians and farriers.


Robert Koch

Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (; ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist. As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax, he is regarded as one of the main founders of modern bacteriology. As such he is popularly nicknamed the father of microbiology (with Louis Pasteur), and as the father of medical bacteriology. His discovery of the anthrax bacterium ("Bacillus anthracis") in 1876 is considered as the birth of modern bacteriology. His discoveries directly provided proofs for the germ theory of diseases, and the scientific basis of public health.

While working as a private physician, Koch developed many innovative techniques in microbiology. He was the first to use oil immersion lens, condenser, and microphotography in microscopy. His invention of bacterial culture method using agar and glass plates (later developed as Petri dish by his assistant Julius Richard Petri) made him the first to grow bacteria in laboratory. In appreciation of his works, he was appointed as government advisor at the Imperial Health Office in 1880, promoted to a senior executive position ("Geheimer Regierungsrath") in 1882, Director of Hygienic Institute and Chair (Professor of hygiene) of the Faculty of Medicine at Berlin University in 1885, and the Royal Prussian Institute for Infectious Diseases (later renamed Robert Koch Institute after his death) in 1891.

The methods Koch used in bacteriology led to establishment of a medical concept known as Koch's postulates, four generalized medical principles to ascertain the relationship of pathogens with specific diseases. The concept is still in use in most situations and influences subsequent epidemiological principles such as the Bradford Hill criteria. A major controversy followed when Koch discovered tuberculin as a medication for tuberculosis which was proven to be ineffective, but developed for diagnosis of tuberculosis after his death. For his research on tuberculosis, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905. The day he announced the discovery of tuberculosis bacterium, 24 March is observed by the World Health Organization as "World Tuberculosis Day" every year since 1982.


Halle Berry

Halle Maria Berry (; born Maria Halle Berry; August 14, 1966) is an American actress. She began her career as a model and entered several beauty contests, finishing as the first runner-up in the Miss USA pageant and coming in sixth in the Miss World 1986. Her breakthrough film role was in the romantic comedy "Boomerang" (1992), alongside Eddie Murphy, which led to roles in films, such as the family comedy "The Flintstones" (1994), the political comedy-drama "Bulworth" (1998) and the television film "Introducing Dorothy Dandridge" (1999), for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.

Berry won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama film "Monster's Ball" (2001), becoming the first and only woman of color to have won the award. She took on high-profile roles for much of the 2000s, such as Storm in "X-Men" (2000) and its sequels "X2" (2003) and "X-Men: The Last Stand" (2006); Bond girl Jinx in "Die Another Day" (2002); and in the thriller "Gothika" (2003). In the 2010s, she featured in the science-fiction film "Cloud Atlas" (2012), the crime thriller "The Call" (2013) and the action films "X-Men: Days of Future Past" (2014), "" (2017) and "John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum" (2019).

Berry was one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s, and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed. Berry is also a Revlon spokesmodel. She was formerly married to baseball player David Justice, singer-songwriter Eric Benét, and actor Olivier Martinez. She has a child each with Martinez and model Gabriel Aubry.


European Council

The European Council (informally EUCO) is a collegiate body that defines the overall political directions and priorities of the European Union. It comprises the heads of state or government of the EU member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy also takes part in its meetings. Established as an informal summit in 1975, the European Council was formalised as an institution in 2009 upon the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. Its current president is Charles Michel, former Prime Minister of Belgium.


Edmund Burke

Edmund Burke (; 12 January NS] 1729 – 9 July 1797) was an Irish statesman, economist, and philosopher. Born in Dublin, Burke served as a member of parliament (MP) between 1766 and 1794 in the House of Commons of Great Britain with the Whig Party after moving to London in 1750.

Burke was a proponent of underpinning virtues with manners in society and of the importance of religious institutions for the moral stability and good of the state. These views were expressed in his "A Vindication of Natural Society". He criticised the actions of the British government towards the American colonies, including its taxation policies. Burke also supported the rights of the colonists to resist metropolitan authority, although he opposed the attempt to achieve independence. He is remembered for his support for Catholic emancipation, the impeachment of Warren Hastings from the East India Company, and his staunch opposition to the French Revolution.

In his "Reflections on the Revolution in France", Burke asserted that the revolution was destroying the fabric of good society and traditional institutions of state and society and condemned the persecution of the Catholic Church that resulted from it. This led to his becoming the leading figure within the conservative faction of the Whig Party which he dubbed the Old Whigs as opposed to the pro–French Revolution New Whigs led by Charles James Fox.

In the 19th century, Burke was praised by both conservatives and liberals. Subsequently in the 20th century, he became widely regarded as the philosophical founder of modern conservatism.


William Blake

William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. What he called his prophetic works were said by 20th-century critic Northrop Frye to form "what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language". His visual artistry led 21st-century critic Jonathan Jones to proclaim him "far and away the greatest artist Britain has ever produced". In 2002, Blake was placed at number 38 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. While he lived in London his entire life, except for three years spent in Felpham, he produced a diverse and symbolically rich "œuvre", which embraced the imagination as "the body of God" or "human existence itself".

Although Blake was considered mad by contemporaries for his idiosyncratic views, he is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. His paintings and poetry have been characterised as part of the Romantic movement and as "Pre-Romantic". A committed Christian who was hostile to the Church of England (indeed, to almost all forms of organised religion), Blake was influenced by the ideals and ambitions of the French and American revolutions. Though later he rejected many of these political beliefs, he maintained an amiable relationship with the political activist Thomas Paine; he was also influenced by thinkers such as Emanuel Swedenborg. Despite these known influences, the singularity of Blake's work makes him difficult to classify. The 19th-century scholar William Michael Rossetti characterised him as a "glorious luminary", and "a man not forestalled by predecessors, nor to be classed with contemporaries, nor to be replaced by known or readily surmisable successors".


Wood

Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs. In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.

Wood has been used for thousands of years for fuel, as a construction material, for making tools and weapons, furniture and paper. More recently it emerged as a feedstock for the production of purified cellulose and its derivatives, such as cellophane and cellulose acetate.

As of 2005, the growing stock of forests worldwide was about 434 billion cubic meters, 47% of which was commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991 approximately 3.5 billion cubic meters of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.


Whale

Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. They are an informal grouping within the infraorder Cetacea, usually excluding dolphins and porpoises. Whales, dolphins and porpoises belong to the order Cetartiodactyla, which consists of even-toed ungulates. Their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses, having diverged about 40 million years ago. The two parvorders of whales, baleen whales (Mysticeti) and toothed whales (Odontoceti), are thought to have split apart around 34 million years ago. Whales consist of eight extant families: Balaenopteridae (the rorquals), Balaenidae (right whales), Cetotheriidae (the pygmy right whale), Eschrichtiidae (the grey whale), Monodontidae (belugas and narwhals), Physeteridae (the sperm whale), Kogiidae (the dwarf and pygmy sperm whale), and Ziphiidae (the beaked whales).

Whales are fully aquatic, open ocean creatures, and feed, mate, give birth, suckle and raise their young at sea. Whales range in size from the and dwarf sperm whale to the and blue whale, which is the largest known creature that has ever lived. The sperm whale is the largest toothed predator on earth. Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism, in that the females are larger than males. Baleen whales have no teeth; instead they have plates of baleen, a fringe-like structure used to expel water while retaining the krill and plankton which they feed on. They use their throat pleats to expand the mouth to take in huge gulps of water. Balaenids have heads that can make up 40% of their body mass to take in water. Toothed whales, on the other hand, have conical teeth adapted to catching fish or squid. Baleen whales have a well developed sense of "smell", whereas toothed whales have well-developed hearing − their hearing, that is adapted for both air and water, is so well developed that some can survive even if they are blind. Some species, such as sperm whales, are well adapted for diving to great depths to catch squid and other favoured prey.

Whales evolved from land-living mammals. As such, whales must breathe air regularly, although they can remain submerged under water for long periods of time. Some species such as the sperm whale are able to stay submerged for as much as 90 minutes. They have blowholes (modified nostrils) located on top of their heads, through which air is taken in and expelled. They are warm-blooded, and have a layer of fat, or blubber, under the skin. With streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers, whales can travel at up to 20 knots, though they are not as flexible or agile as seals. Whales produce a great variety of vocalizations, notably the extended songs of the humpback whale. Although whales are widespread, most species prefer the colder waters of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and migrate to the equator to give birth. Species such as humpbacks and blue whales are capable of travelling thousands of miles without feeding. Males typically mate with multiple females every year, but females only mate every two to three years. Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Mothers of some species fast and nurse their young for one to two years.

Once relentlessly hunted for their products, whales are now protected by international law. The North Atlantic right whales nearly became extinct in the twentieth century, with a population low of 450, and the North Pacific grey whale population is ranked Critically Endangered by the IUCN. Besides whaling, they also face threats from bycatch and marine pollution. The meat, blubber and baleen of whales have traditionally been used by indigenous peoples of the Arctic. Whales have been depicted in various cultures worldwide, notably by the Inuit and the coastal peoples of Vietnam and Ghana, who sometimes hold whale funerals. Whales occasionally feature in literature and film, as in the great white whale of Herman Melville's "Moby Dick". Small whales, such as belugas, are sometimes kept in captivity and trained to perform tricks, but breeding success has been poor and the animals often die within a few months of capture. Whale watching has become a form of tourism around the world.


Encephalitis

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. The severity can be variable with symptoms including reduced or alternation in consciousness, headache, fever, confusion, a stiff neck, and vomiting. Complications may include seizures, hallucinations, trouble speaking, memory problems, and problems with hearing.

Causes of encephalitis include viruses such as herpes simplex virus and rabies as well as bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Other causes include autoimmune diseases and certain medications. In many cases the cause remains unknown. Risk factors include a weak immune system. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by blood tests, medical imaging, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.

Certain types are preventable with vaccines. Treatment may include antiviral medications (such as acyclovir), anticonvulsants, and corticosteroids. Treatment generally takes place in hospital. Some people require artificial respiration. Once the immediate problem is under control, rehabilitation may be required. In 2015, encephalitis was estimated to have affected 4.3 million people and resulted in 150,000 deaths worldwide.


La traviata

La traviata (; "The Fallen Woman") is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on "La Dame aux camélias" (1852), a play adapted from the 1848 novel by Alexandre Dumas "fils". The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. "La traviata" has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.


Ernani

Ernani is an operatic "dramma lirico" in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on the 1830 play "Hernani" by Victor Hugo.

Verdi was commissioned by the Teatro La Fenice in Venice to write an opera, but finding the right subject took some time, and the composer worked with the inexperienced Piave in shaping first one and then another drama by Hugo into an acceptable libretto. As musicologist Roger Parker notes, the composer "intervened on several important points, insisting for example that the role of Ernani be sung by a tenor (rather than by a contralto as had originally been planned).

"Ernani" was first performed on 9 March 1844 and it was "immensely popular, and was revived countless times during its early years". It became Verdi's most popular opera until it was superseded by "Il trovatore" after 1853. In 1904 it became the first opera to be recorded completely.