Bufotoxin
Bufotoxins are a family of toxic steroid lactones or substituted Tryptamines of which some may or may not be toxic. They occur in the parotoid glands, skin and venom of many toads (genus "Bufo") and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin. It can contain 5-MeO-DMT, bufagins, bufalin, bufotalin, bufotenin, bufothionine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Some authors have also used the term "bufotoxin" to describe the conjugate of a bufagin with suberylarginine.

The toxic substances found in toads can be divided by chemical structure in two groups:

#bufadienolides, which are cardiac glycosides (e.g., bufotalin, bufogenin)
#tryptamine-related substances (e.g., bufotenin)

Toads known to secrete bufotoxin include the following:

*"Bufo alvarius"
*"Bufo americanus"
*"Bufo arenarum"
*"Bufo asper"
*"Bufo blombergi"
*"Bufo boreas"
*"Bufo bufo"
*"Bufo bufo gargarizans"
*"Sclerophrys gutturalis" (syn. "Bufo gutturalis")
*"Bufo formosus"
*"Bufo fowleri"
*"Rhinella marina" (formerly "Bufo marinus")
*"Bufo melanostictus"
*"Bufo peltocephalus"
*"Bufo quercicus"
*"Bufo regularis"
*"Bufo valliceps"
*"Bufo viridis"
*"Bufo vulgaris"
Q177911
steroid
Concept
Q59078
lactones
Concept
Q10705510
Tryptamines
Concept
Q977796
parotoid gland
Concept
Q6453151
toad
Concept
Q34740
genus
Concept
Q639022
Bufo
Concept
Q570757
5-MeO-DMT
MISC
Q3646623
bufagin
Concept
Q18379323
bufalin
UNK
Q5760807
bufotalin
Concept
Q408915
bufotenin
Concept
Q4986048
bufothionine
UNK
Q132621
epinephrine
Concept
Q186242
norepinephrine
Concept
Q167934
serotonin
Concept
Q3646623
bufagin
Concept
None
suberylarginine
UNK
Q248891
bufadienolide
UNK
Q422238
cardiac glycoside
Concept
Q5760807
bufotalin
Concept
Q408915
bufogenin
Concept
Q409439
tryptamine
Concept
Q408915
bufotenin
Concept
Q10534901
Bufo alvarius
Concept
Q694496
Bufo americanus
Concept
Q2212701
Bufo arenarum
Concept
Q4680191
Bufo asper
Concept
Q1759940
Bufo blombergi
Concept
Q2191167
Bufo boreas
Concept
Q146375
Bufo bufo
Concept
Q1205117
Bufo bufo gargarizans
Concept
Q601370
Sclerophrys gutturalis
Concept
None
Bufo formosus
UNK
Q2324996
Bufo fowleri
Concept
Q321087
Rhinella marina
Concept
Q28031739
Bufo melanostictus
Concept
Q1941159
Bufo peltocephalus
Concept
Q2298771
Bufo quercicus
Concept
Q575471
Bufo regularis
Concept
Q2709655
Bufo valliceps
Concept
Q243242
Bufo viridis
Concept
None
Bufo vulgaris
UNK
Q2927690
Bufotoxin
Concept
+5^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal
5
NUMBER
taxon rank
found in taxon
found in taxon
found in taxon
found in taxon
found in taxon
found in taxon
found in taxon