Black nationalism
Black nationalism is a type of nationalism or pan-nationalism which espouses the belief that Black people are a race and seeks to develop and maintain a Black racial and national identity.
Black nationalist activism revolves around social, political, and economic empowerment of Black communities and people, especially to resist assimilation into white culture (through integration or otherwise) and maintain a distinct black identity. 

Black nationalism is sometimes described as a euphemism for, or a subset of, Black supremacism and Black separatism, and these terms have often been used interchangeably by journalists and academics. They are in fact very different philosophies: Black separatism is the pursuit of a "Black-only state"; and Black supremacism has been defined as the belief that Black people are superior to non-Blacks and should dominate them (although some critics have questioned the actual existence of such an attitude among Black people).

Black nationalists say they seek to ensure the survival of the Black race and the cultures of historically Black states. Critics of black nationalism, meanwhile, contend that many Black nationalist groups promote racial violence.

Black nationalism arose within the African American community in the United States. In the early 20th century, the Garveyism promoted by the U.S.-based Marcus Garvey furthered black nationalist ideas. Black nationalist ideas also proved an influence on the Black Islam movement, particularly groups like the Nation of Islam founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad. During the 1960s, Black nationalism influenced the Black Panther Party and the broader Black Power movement.
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pan-nationalism
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national identity
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Black nationalism
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Black nationalism
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Black nationalism
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Black nationalism
Concept
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political ideology