Sioux
The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin (; Dakota: ) are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The modern Sioux consist of two major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota and Lakota; collectively they are known as the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ ("Seven Council Fires"). The term "Sioux" is an exonym created from a French transcription of the Ojibwe term "Nadouessioux", and can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects.

Before the 17th century, the Santee Dakota (; "Knife" also known as the Eastern Dakota) lived around Lake Superior with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered wild rice, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish. Wars with the Ojibwe throughout the 1700s pushed the Dakota into southern Minnesota, where the Western Dakota (Yankton, Yanktonai) and Teton (Lakota) were residing. In the 1800s, the Dakota signed treaties with the United States, ceding much of their land in Minnesota. Failure of the United States to make treaty payments on time, as well as low food supplies, led to the Dakota War of 1862, which resulted in the Dakota being exiled from Minnesota to numerous reservations in Nebraska, North and South Dakota and Canada. After 1870, the Dakota people began to return to Minnesota, creating the present-day reservations in the state. The Yankton and Yanktonai Dakota ( and ; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), collectively also referred to by the endonym , resided in the Minnesota River area before ceding their land and moving to South Dakota in 1858. Despite ceding their lands, their treaty with the U.S. government allowed them to maintain their traditional role in the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ as the caretakers of the Pipestone Quarry, which is the cultural center of the Sioux people. They are considered to be the Western Dakota (also called middle Sioux), and have in the past been erroneously classified as Nakota. The actual Nakota are the Assiniboine and Stoney of Western Canada and Montana.

The Lakota, also called Teton (; possibly "dwellers on the prairie"), are the westernmost Sioux, known for their hunting and warrior culture. With the arrival of the horse in the 1700s, the Lakota would become the most powerful tribe on the Plains by the 1850s. They fought the United States Army in the Sioux Wars including defeating the 7th Cavalry Regiment at the Battle of Little Big Horn. The armed conflicts with the U.S. ended with the Wounded Knee Massacre.

Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the Dakota and Lakota would continue to fight for their treaty rights, including the Wounded Knee incident, Dakota Access Pipeline protests and the 1980 Supreme Court case, "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians", in which the court ruled that tribal lands covered under the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 had been taken illegally by the US government, and the tribe was owed compensation plus interest. As of 2018, this amounted to more than $1 billion; the Sioux have refused the payment, demanding instead the return of their land. Today, the Sioux maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations, communities, and reserves in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, and Montana in the United States; and Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, and Alberta in Canada.
Q530384
Dakota
ORG
Q49297
Native American tribes
PER
Q392316
First Nations
PER
Q34181
language divisions
Concept
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Dakota
Concept
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Lakota
MEDIA
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exonym
UNK
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French
Concept
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Ojibwe
Concept
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Great Sioux Nation
UNK
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Santee Dakota
Concept
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Lake Superior
LOC
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wild rice
Concept
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Ojibwe
Concept
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Dakota War of 1862
EVE
Q22920493
endonym
UNK
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Minnesota River
LOC
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Pipestone Quarry
LOC
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Nakota
PER
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Assiniboine
MEDIA
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Stoney
PER
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Western Canada
LOC
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Montana
LOC
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Lakota
MEDIA
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hunting and warrior culture
Concept
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Sioux Wars
EVE
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ORG
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Battle of Little Big Horn
EVE
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Wounded Knee Massacre
EVE
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treaty rights
UNK
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Wounded Knee incident
EVE
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Dakota Access Pipeline protests
Concept
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Supreme Court
Concept
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United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
PER
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Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
PER
Q4920963
return of their land
UNK
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North Dakota
LOC
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South Dakota
LOC
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Nebraska
LOC
Q1527
Minnesota
LOC
Q1212
Montana
LOC
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Manitoba
LOC
Q1989
Saskatchewan
LOC
Q1951
Alberta
LOC
Q107434
Sioux
Concept
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Sioux
Concept
Q107434
Sioux
Concept
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Sioux
Concept
Q107434
Sioux
Concept
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Sioux
Concept
Q107434
Sioux
Concept
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Sioux
Concept
Q107434
Sioux
Concept
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Sioux
Concept
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DATE
1980-01-01T00:00:00Z^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
1980
DATE
1868-01-01T00:00:00Z^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
1868
DATE
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subclass of
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subclass of
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