教皇
教皇（きょうこう、、、 "Pápas"、）は、カトリック教会の最高位聖職者の称号。

一般的にはカトリック教会のローマ司教にして全世界のカトリック教徒の精神的指導者であるローマ教皇を指す。バチカン市国の元首。教皇の地位は「教皇位」あるいは「教皇座」と呼ばれる。また「聖座」あるいは「使徒座」という用語も使われる。「聖座」と「使徒座」は中世の教会法学者たちによって形成された概念で、第一に教皇を指すが、広義においては教皇庁をも指す。2013年3月からはフランシスコが教皇を務めている。

日本語では「ローマ法王」と表記されることも多いが、日本のカトリック教会の中央団体であるカトリック中央協議会は「ローマ教皇」の表記を推奨しており、日本政府は2019年に「法王」から「教皇」へ呼称の変更を発表した（後述）。また、カトリックの内部では「教父」「パパ様」の呼称を用いる場合もある。なお、退位した教皇の称号は名誉教皇（名誉法王とも）という。

本項では主にローマ教皇について記述する。
Q9592
カトリック教会
Concept
Q177826
聖職者
Concept
Q216353
称号
Concept
Q665037
ローマ司教
LOC
Q6041805
指導者
UNK
Q237
バチカン市国
LOC
Q48352
元首
Concept
Q2628882
地位
Concept
Q159583
聖座
LOC
Q108169
教皇庁
ORG
Q450675
フランシスコ
PER
Q5287
日本語
ORG
Q9592
カトリック
Concept
Q34651
教会
Concept
Q11294361
カトリック中央協議会
Concept
None
後述
UNK
Q5574822
名誉教皇
Concept
Q220
ローマ
LOC
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
Q19546
教皇
Concept
2013-03-01T00:00:00Z^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
2013年3月
DATE
1-01-01T00:00:00Z^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
2019年
DATE
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