Duplodnaviria
Duplodnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes all double-stranded DNA viruses that encode the HK97 fold major capsid protein. The HK97 fold major capsid protein (HK97 MCP) is the primary component of the viral capsid, which stores the viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Viruses in the realm also share a number of other characteristics, such as an icosahedral capsid, an opening in the viral capsid called a portal, a protease enzyme that empties the inside of the capsid prior to DNA packaging, and a terminase enzyme that packages viral DNA into the capsid.

"Duplodnaviria" was established in 2019 based on the shared characteristics of viruses in the realm. There are two groups of viruses in "Duplodnaviria": tailed bacteriophages of the order "Caudovirales", which infect prokaryotes, and herpesviruses of the order "Herpesvirales", which infect animals. Tailed bacteriophages are very diverse and ubiquitous worldwide, and they may be the oldest lineage of viruses. Herpesviruses either share a common ancestor with tailed bacteriophages or are a breakaway group from within "Caudovirales".

Tailed bacteriophages are important in marine ecology by recycling nutrients in organic material from their hosts and are the focus of much research, and herpesviruses are associated with a variety of diseases in animals, including humans. A common feature among viruses in "Duplodnaviria" is that many are able to persist in their host for long periods of time without replicating while still being able to resurface in the future. Example of this include the herpes simplex virus, which causes recurring infections, and the varicella zoster virus, which initially causes chickenpox early in life then shingles later in life.
Q62075839
realm
Concept
Q808
virus
Concept
Q858790
double-stranded DNA virus
Concept
Q180618
encode
Concept
Q830465
capsid
Concept
Q7430
deoxyribonucleic acid
Concept
Q8047
enzyme
Concept
Q165028
bacteriophage
Concept
Q6521
Caudovirales
Concept
Q6542
Herpesvirales
Concept
Q333018
common ancestor
Concept
Q655331
herpes simplex virus
Concept
Q6868
varicella zoster virus
Concept
Q44727
chickenpox
Concept
Q182155
shingles
Concept
Q91894151
Duplodnaviria
MISC
Q91894151
Duplodnaviria
MISC
Q91894151
Duplodnaviria
MISC
Q91894151
Duplodnaviria
MISC
2019-01-01T00:00:00Z^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
2019
DATE
+97^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal
97
NUMBER
+97^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal
97
NUMBER
+97^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal
97
NUMBER
taxon rank
parent taxon
subclass of
has cause
has cause