Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator
The Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT Accelerator or ACT-A), or the "Global Collaboration to Accelerate the Development, Production and Equitable Access to New COVID-19 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines", is a G20 initiative announced by pro-tem Chair Mohammed al-Jadaan on 24 April 2020. A call to action was published simultaneously by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 24 April. 

The ACT Accelerator is a framework for collaboration, not a new organization or a decision-making body, that was set up in response to a call from G20 leaders in March 2020 and launched by WHO, European Commission, France and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in April 2020.

On 10 September, the UN and the European Union cohosted the inaugural meeting of the Facilitation Council of the ACT-Accelerator, which had received $2.7 billion of the $35 billion necessary to secure the 2 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses, 245 million treatments, and 500 million tests that the initiative deemed necessary to end the pandemic and speed economic global recovery. Sir Andrew Witty and Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala have accepted to act as Special Envoys to the ACT Accelerator from the WHO. Although the Trump administration of the United States had withdrawn its financial support of the WHO and ACT Accelerator in 2020, the United States reasserted its support of the WHO and COVAX on 21 January 2021 following the inauguration of President Joe Biden.

The ACT Accelerator is a cross-discipline support structure to enable partners to share resources and knowledge. It comprises four pillars, each managed by two to three collaborating partners:
*Vaccines (also called "COVAX")
*Diagnostics
*Therapeutics
*Health Systems Connector

By December 2020, more than 10 billion vaccine doses had been preordered by developed countries. The manufacturers of three vaccines closest to global distribution Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca predicted a manufacturing capacity of 5.3 billion doses in 2021, which could be used to vaccinate about 3 billion people (as the vaccines require two doses for a protective effect against COVID-19). Due to the high demand in preorders from rich countries for 2021, people in low-income developing countries may not receive vaccinations from these manufacturers until 2023 or 2024, increasing the use of the COVAX initiative to supply vaccines equitably. Emphasizing the need for broad distribution of safe, effective vaccines against COVID-19, especially across developing countries, GAVI uses the slogan, "No one is safe until everyone is safe."

A multinational collaboration, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), FIND, GAVI the Vaccine Alliance, the Global Fund, UNICEF, Unitaid, Wellcome, the World Bank and governments, formed the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator to raise financial support of accelerated research and development, production, and globally-equitable access to COVID-19 tests, therapies, and vaccines. Vaccines are in a specific development program called the COVAX pillar. The COVAX pillar has the goal of facilitating licensure of several COVID-19 vaccines, influencing equitable pricing, and providing equal access for up to 2 billion doses by the end of 2021 to protect frontline healthcare workers and people with high-risk of COVID-19 infection, particularly in low-to-middle income countries.

During 2020, major changes in the overall effort of developing COVID‑19 vaccines since early in the year have been the increasing number of collaborations of the multinational pharmaceutical industry with national governments, and the diversity and growing number of biotechnology companies in many countries focusing on a COVID-19 vaccine. According to CEPI, the general geographic distribution of COVID‑19 vaccine development involves organizations in North America having about 40% of the world's COVID-19 vaccine research, compared with 30% in Asia and Australia, 26% in Europe, and a few projects in South America and Africa.
Q19771
G20
ORG
Q28715686
Mohammed al-Jadaan
PER
Q7817
World Health Organization
Concept
Q87719492
COVID-19 vaccine
Concept
Q18121649
Andrew Witty
PER
Q289350
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
PER
None
Trump administration of the United States
UNK
Q99360983
COVAX
ORG
Q97738250
inauguration
Concept
Q6279
President Joe Biden
PER
Q132453
developed countries
Concept
Q177323
developing countries
Concept
Q688592
GAVI
ORG
Q7817
World Health Organization
Concept
Q27133033
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
ORG
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the Global Fund
ORG
Q740308
UNICEF
Concept
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Unitaid
ORG
Q706247
Wellcome
ORG
Q7164
World Bank
Concept
Q276099
research and development
Concept
Q507443
multinational pharmaceutical industry
Concept
None
biotechnology companies
UNK
Q408
Australia
LOC
Q18
South America
LOC
Q96371431
Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator
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