Monodnaviria
Monodnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes all single-stranded DNA viruses that encode an endonuclease of the HUH superfamily that initiates rolling circle replication of the circular viral genome. Viruses descended from such viruses are also included in the realm, including certain linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses and circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses. These atypical members typically replicate through means other than rolling circle replication.

"Monodnaviria" was established in 2019 and contains four kingdoms: "Loebvirae", "Sangervirae", "Trapavirae", and "Shotokuvirae". Viruses in the first three kingdoms infect prokaryotes, and viruses in "Shotokuvirae" infect eukaryotes and include the atypical members of the realm. Viruses in "Monodnaviria" appear to have come into existence independently multiple times from circular bacterial and archaeal plasmids that encode the HUH endonuclease. Eukaryotic viruses in the realm appear to have come into existence multiple times via genetic recombination events that merged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the aforementioned plasmids with capsid proteins of certain RNA viruses. Most identified ssDNA viruses belong to "Monodnaviria".

The prototypic members of the realm are often called CRESS-DNA viruses. CRESS-DNA viruses are associated with a wide range of diseases, including diseases in economically important crops and a variety of diseases in animals. The atypical members of the realm include papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses, which are known to cause various cancers. Members of "Monodnaviria" are also known to frequently become integrated into the DNA of their hosts as well as experience a relatively high rate of genetic mutations and recombinations.
Q62075839
realm
Concept
Q808
virus
Concept
single-stranded DNA virus
UNK
Q180618
encode
Concept
Q97358848
endonuclease of the HUH superfamily
MISC
Q3112822
rolling circle replication
UNK
Q96411293
Loebvirae
UNK
Q1931715
Sangervirae
Concept
Q23072876
Trapavirae
MISC
Q92190753
Shotokuvirae
UNK
Q19081
prokaryote
Concept
Q19088
eukaryote
Concept
Q10876
bacteria
Concept
Q10872
archaea
Concept
Q172778
plasmid
Concept
Q211675
genetic recombination
Concept
Q7430
deoxyribonucleic acid
Concept
Q751911
RNA virus
Concept
Q9055203
papillomavirus
Concept
Q18670504
polyomavirus
Concept
Q12078
cancer
Concept
Q91894429
Monodnaviria
MISC
Q91894429
Monodnaviria
MISC
Q91894429
Monodnaviria
MISC
Q91894429
Monodnaviria
MISC
Q91894429
Monodnaviria
MISC
2019-01-01T00:00:00Z^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
2019
DATE
taxon rank
parent taxon
parent taxon