Pedro Sáinz de Baranda y Borreiro
Pedro Sáinz de Baranda y Borreiro (13 March 1787 – 16 December 1845) was a Naval Officer, Industrialist and Liberal Politician who served in the Spanish Navy and, having participated in the Mexican War of Independence, is credited with founding the Mexican Navy. During 1835, he served on two occasions as Governor of Yucatán. As an entrepreneur, he founded the first completely mechanized textile factory to use steam-power successfully in Mexico; he is widely regarded as having introduced the Industrial Revolution to the country.

Born in San Francisco de Campeche, then part of the Captaincy General of Yucatán, he was the son of Pedro Sáinz de Baranda y Cano (1753–1840), a Spanish Colonial administrator and Hidalgo who had arrived in the New World to serve as Minister of the Royal Treasury. The Sainz de Baranda family belonged to the lower Spanish nobility. Aged eleven, Sáinz de Baranda was sent by his parents to Spain to train as a cadet in the Spanish Navy.

As a young Spanish naval officer, he fought in the Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808), participating with distinction in the Battle of Trafalgar (1805). Fighting aboard the Santa Ana, a Spanish Ship-of-the-Line under the command of Admiral Ignacio Maria de Alava, he received three serious injuries after the fierce engagement held against HMS Royal Sovereign, the British Ship-of-the-Line then under the command of Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood. Due to his bravery in combat, Sáinz de Baranda was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant ("Alférez de Navío"), aged eighteen.

During the Mexican War of Independence, he founded the Mexican Navy, leading it to victory against the Spanish during the Siege of San Juan de Ulúa. By 1825, the Castle of San Juan de Ulúa in Veracruz was the last part of Mexican territory still in Spanish hands and the Mexican government feared that it would be used strategically by the Spanish to reconquer their former Colony. They ordered a Mexican army, under General Miguel Barragán to lay siege to the Fort, under the command of General José María Coppinger. The incipient Mexican Navy, under the command of Captain Pedro Sainz de Baranda and Borreiro, faced off an invading Spanish convoy, cutting off the arrival of food and reinforcements for the Spanish troops occupying San Juan de Ulúa. The siege lasted between August and November 1825; by the time General Coppinger surrendered the Fort, his troops were already dying of scurvy. The capture of the Castle of San Juan de Ulúa is recognized as the culmination of Mexican independence.

He was the father of Joaquín Baranda – who served as Secretary of Justice (1882–1901), and Pedro Baranda, who served as the first Governor of Morelos in 1869. His great-grandson, José María Pino Suárez, served as the seventh Vice-President of Mexico (1911–13).
Q189290
Naval Officer
Concept
Q3366487
Liberal
ORG
Q676404
Spanish Navy
ORG
Q68750
Mexican War of Independence
PER
Q2528358
Mexican Navy
ORG
Q5589736
Governor of Yucatán
PER
Q1505660
textile factory
Concept
Q12760
steam-power
Concept
Q2269
Industrial Revolution
Concept
Q61301
San Francisco de Campeche
LOC
Q2556639
Captaincy General of Yucatán
LOC
Q7167
Colonial administrator
Concept
Q379053
Hidalgo
Concept
Q2554364
Spanish nobility
Concept
Q4065191
Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)
EVE
Q171416
Battle of Trafalgar
EVE
Q3775702
Santa Ana
MISC
Q5935234
Ignacio Maria de Alava
PER
Q1565299
HMS Royal Sovereign
MISC
Q335267
Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood
PER
Q457271
Lieutenant
Concept
Q1696230
Castle of San Juan de Ulúa
LOC
Q173270
Veracruz
LOC
Q7573442
reconquer their former Colony
Concept
Q1208732
Miguel Barragán
PER
Q426381
José María Coppinger
PER
Q6206426
Joaquín Baranda
PER
Q1826849
José María Pino Suárez
PER
Q6070085
Pedro Sáinz de Baranda y Borreiro
PER
1787-03-13T00:00:00Z^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
13 March 1787
DATE
1845-12-16T00:00:00Z^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
16 December 1845
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1835
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1825
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November 1825
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allegiance
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date of death
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