Quercus geminata
Quercus geminata, commonly called sand live oak, is an evergreen oak tree native to the coastal regions of the subtropical southeastern United States, along the Atlantic Coast from southern Florida northward to southeastern Virginia and along the Gulf Coast westward to southern Mississippi, on seacoast dunes and on white sands in evergreen oak scrubs.

A small- to medium-sized tree, the sand live oak is scrubby and forms thickets. The bark is dark, thick, furrowed, and roughly ridged. The leaves are thick, leathery, and coarsely veined, with extremely revolute margins, giving them the appearance of inverted shallow bowls; their tops dark green, their bottoms dull gray and very tightly tomentose, and their petioles densely pubescent, they are simple and typically flat with bony-opaque margins, having a length of 0.75–4.5 inches (2–12 cm) and a width of 0.2–1.5 inches (0.5–4 cm). The male flowers are green hanging catkins. The acorns are small, 0.5–1 inch (1–2.5 cm), oblong-ellipsoid or ovoid, and are commonly born in pairs on peduncles of varying lengths.

In coastal Florida's evergreen oak scrub, the Sand Live Oak is a ubiquitous and abundant species; the threatened Florida scrub-jay is found only in Florida scrub. Live oaks, having characteristics of the sand live oak and the southern live oak ("Q. virginiana"), grow further inland. It is believed that these specimens are hybrids of "Q. geminata" and "Q. virginiana". While hybridization does occur between "Q. geminata" and "Q. virginiana," the two species are genetically and morphologically distinct. The Cuban oak, "Q. sagraeana", has been purported to be a hybrid between the sand live oak and "Q. oleoides", but recent evidence suggests that the Cuban oak is a separate species without hybrid origin.
Q190489
evergreen
Concept
Q12004
oak
Concept
Q10884
tree
Concept
Q1139046
southeastern
LOC
Q30
United States
LOC
Q97
Atlantic
LOC
Q55241
Gulf Coast
LOC
Q25391
dunes
Concept
Q1125215
tomentose
Concept
Q10289985
petiole
Concept
Q217753
catkin
Concept
Q2331384
peduncle
Concept
Q812
Florida
LOC
Q879641
scrub
Concept
Q530842
Florida scrub-jay
Concept
Q3848539
Florida scrub
Concept
Q52387698
Live oak
Concept
Q1758722
southern live oak
Concept
Q3774514
Cuban oak
Concept
Q4112261
Q. oleoides
Concept
Q4112997
Quercus geminata
Concept
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NUMBER
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NUMBER
parent taxon
located in or next to body of water
country
endemic to
located in the administrative territorial entity