---
annotations_creators:
- human-generated
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- token-classification
task_ids:
- word-sense-disambiguation
pretty_name: word-sense-linking-dataset
tags:
- word-sense-linking
- word-sense-disambiguation
- lexical-semantics
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
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---
---

## Table of Contents
- [Description](#description)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
  
## Word Sense Linking Dataset

[![Conference](http://img.shields.io/badge/ACL-2024-4b44ce.svg)](https://2024.aclweb.org/)
[![Paper](http://img.shields.io/badge/paper-ACL--anthology-B31B1B.svg)](https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-acl.851/)
[![Hugging Face Collection](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Hugging%20Face-FCD21D)](https://huggingface.co/collections/Babelscape/word-sense-linking-66ace2182bc45680964cefcb)
[![GitHub](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-grey?logo=github&link=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FBabelscape%2FWSL)](https://github.com/Babelscape/WSL)


## Dataset Description

- **Summary:** The dataset is designed for the task of Word Sense Linking (WSL), where systems are required to identify and disambiguate spans of text to their most suitable senses from a reference inventory. The annotations are provided as sense keys from WordNet, a large lexical database of English.
- **Authors:** Andrei Stefan Bejgu, Edoardo Barba, Luigi Procopio, Alberte Fernández-Castro, Roberto Navigli
- **Repository:** [https://github.com/Babelscape/WSL](https://github.com/Babelscape/WSL)
- **Paper:** [Word Sense Linking: Disambiguating Outside the Sandbox](https://2024.aclweb.org/program/finding_papers/)
- **Point of Contact:** info@babelscape.com

## Description

The dataset is designed for the task of Word Sense Linking (WSL), where systems are required to identify and disambiguate spans of text to their most suitable senses from a reference inventory. The annotations are provided as sense keys from WordNet, a large lexical database of English. All terms in the dataset have been fully manually annotated.

The dataset sentences are taken from the ALL split of the Raganato framework for Word Sense Disambiguation evaluation, described in the paper [Word Sense Disambiguation: A Unified Evaluation Framework and Empirical Comparison](https://aclanthology.org/E17-1010) by Alessandro Raganato, Jose Camacho-Collados, and Roberto Navigli.



- **Repository:** [https://github.com/Babelscape/WSL](https://github.com/Babelscape/WSL)
- **Paper:** [Word Sense Linking: Disambiguating Outside the Sandbox](https://2024.aclweb.org/program/finding_papers/)
- **Point of Contact:**  info@babelscape.com

## Dataset Structure

The data fields are the same among all splits.
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the input text.
- `tokens`: a `list` of `dict` features with the following keys:
  - `raw`: the raw token (`str`).
  - `lemma`: the lemma of the token (`str`).
  - `pos`: the part of speech tag (`str`).
  - `offset`: a `list` of `int` indicating the character offsets in the input text.
- `annotations`: a `list` of `dict` features with the following keys:
  - `raw`: the raw token (`str`).
  - `lemma`: the lemma of the token (`str`).
  - `pos`: the part of speech tag (`str`).
  - `labels`: a `list` of `str` representing the sense labels as WordNet sense keys.
  - `source`: the source of the annotation (`str`).
  - `token_off`: a `list` of `int` indicating the token offsets.
  - `offset`: a `list` of `int` indicating the character offsets in the input text.
- `sentence_id`: a `string` feature representing the unique identifier for the sentence.

Here is an example:

```json
{
    "text": "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing.",
    "tokens": [
        {"raw": "Skilled", "lemma": "skilled", "pos": "ADJ", "offset": [0, 7]},
        {"raw": "ringers", "lemma": "ringer", "pos": "NOUN", "offset": [8, 15]},
        {"raw": "use", "lemma": "use", "pos": "VERB", "offset": [16, 19]}
    ],
    "annotations": [
        {"raw": "Skilled", "lemma": "skilled", "pos": "ADJ", "labels": ["skilled%3:00:00::"], "source": "OLD", "token_off": [0], "offset": [0, 7]},
        {"raw": "ringers", "lemma": "ringer", "pos": "NOUN", "labels": ["ringer%1:18:02::"], "source": "OLD", "token_off": [1], "offset": [8, 15]},
        {"raw": "use", "lemma": "use", "pos": "VERB", "labels": ["use%2:34:01::"], "source": "OLD", "token_off": [2], "offset": [16, 19]}
    ],
    "sentence_id": "example.s001"
}
```

## Additional Information
**Licensing Information**: Contents of this repository are restricted to only non-commercial research purposes under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Babelscape/WSL/main/wsl_data_license.txt). Copyright of the dataset contents belongs to Babelscape.

## Citation Information


```bibtex
@inproceedings{bejgu-etal-2024-wsl,
    title     = "Word Sense Linking: Disambiguating Outside the Sandbox",
    author    = "Bejgu, Andrei Stefan and Barba, Edoardo and Procopio, Luigi and Fern{\'a}ndez-Castro, Alberte and Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024",
    month     = aug,
    year      = "2024",
    address   = "Bangkok, Thailand",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
}
```