myanmar stand accuse right group ethnic cleanse human right violations violence break northwestern state rakhine trigger exodus 400,000 rohingya muslims southern bangladesh least 400 people kill thousands home villages torch since military launch counteroffensive rohingya insurgents late august myanmar recognize roughly 1.1 million rohingyas citizens leave effectively stateless follow question answer violence military say protect myanmar attack arakan rohingya salvation army arsa label terrorist group accuse kill destruction rakhine state human right monitor flee rohingya say army ethnic rakhine buddhist vigilantes mount campaign arson aim drive rohingya right group say independent investigation require determine possible abuse violations various party yes accord unite nations officials right group top u.n. officials say violence myanmar case textbook ethnic cleanse u.n. past define ethnic cleanse render area ethnically homogeneous use force intimidation remove persons give group area ethnic cleanse recognize separate crime international law allegations ethnic cleanse part wide systematic human right violations hear international court individuals include former bosnian serb leader radovan karadzic convict genocide phil robertson deputy director asia human right watch hrw say initial investigations myanmar indicative ethnic cleanse campaign army burn people villages northern rakhine state use violence civilians result kind incredible refugee flow see add myanmar deny allegations ethnic cleanse see genocide war crimes crimes humanity turkish president tayyip erdogan say kill hundreds rohingya amount genocide right group far stay away label three categories clearly define cover international law ongoing violence consider war crimes party involve would war currently experts say myanmar technically war one party military organize enough carry intensive fight operations yet able determine whether state war present rakhine state say hrw robertson crimes humanity genocide could take place even absence war u.n. definitions would need proof condition broad systematic attack rohingyas human right group accuse myanmar lay anti-personnel mine along border bangladesh prevent rohingya refugees return rakhine state crisis currently define war consider war crime accord experts however would violate international human right laws even though myanmar party 1997 mine ban treaty nations party treaty use anti-personnel mine violate customary international law weapons inherently indiscriminate cause disproportionate long-term harm civilians say richard weir legal expert hrw myanmar military source tell reuters landmines lay along border 1990s prevent trespass military since try remove none plant recently international law individual hold criminally responsible state military commit war crimes crimes humanity right group call independent investigation abuse party include arsa many believe government military hold responsible myanmar systematically violate right rohingya ... government military need suffer serious consequences say hrw robertson depend find independent investigation myanmar government allow one take place experts say right group call u.n. security council also reprimand myanmar ways instance impose sanction arm embargo also urge countries include unite state australia suspend bilateral military tie 1991 nobel peace prize winner face widespread international criticism enough protect rohingya community suu kyi direct control military remain powerful myanmar army-written constitution myanmar foreign minister de facto civilian leader defend military operation premature speculate say robertson add individual responsibility base impartial investigation international criminal court icc base hague netherlands jurisdiction prosecute crimes genocide war crimes crimes humanity myanmar among countries also include unite state china signatory treaty create icc obligate cooperate u.n. security council refer case court myanmar member u.n. would subject jurisdiction ad hoc tribunals commission set past hear case mass human right violations instance unite nations establish international criminal tribunals yugoslavia rwanda deal crimes take place right group say protect various u.n. human right treaties primarily universal declaration human right myanmar vote 1948. document include provision right life right nationality particularly relevant rohingyas effectively stateless story amend headline myanmar violence amount human right crimes