text: pl. explain human poverty index.?   before explaining what is human poverty index, let me define what human development index is. the hdi – human development index – is a summary composite index that measures a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: longevity, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. longevity is measured by life expectancy at birth; knowledge is measured by a combination of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrolment ratio; and standard of living by gdp per capita.  poverty has traditionally been measured as a lack of income - but this is far too narrow a definition. human poverty is a concept that captures the many dimensions of poverty that exist in both poor and rich countries—it is the denial of choices and opportunities for living a life one has reason to value. the hpi-1 – human poverty index for developing countries – measures human deprivations in the same three aspects of human development as the hdi (longevity, knowledge and a decent standard of living). hpi-2 – human poverty index for selected high-income oecd countries – includes, in addition to the three dimensions in hpi-1, social exclusion.  for hpi-1 (developing countries): deprivations in longevity are measured by the probability at birth of not surviving to age 40; deprivations in knowledge are measured by the percentage of adults who are illiterate; deprivations in a decent standard of living are measured by two variables: the percentage of people not having sustainable access to an improved water source and the percentage of children below the age of five who are underweight.  for hpi-2 (selected high-income oecd countries): deprivations in longevity are measured by the probability at birth of not surviving to age 60; deprivations in knowledge are measured by the percentage of adults lacking functional literacy skills; deprivations in a decent standard of living are measured by the percentage of people living below the income poverty line, set at 50% of the adjusted median household disposable income; and social exclusion is measured by the rate of long-term (12 months or more) unemployment of the labour force.