text: what is the name of saturns largest moon?   saturn's largest moon is titan.titan is the fifteenth of saturn's known satellites and the largest.         orbit:1,221,830 km from saturn         diameter: 5150 km         mass:     1.35e23 kg in greek mythology the titans were a family of giants, the children of uranus and gaia, who sought to rule the heavens but were overthrown and supplanted by the family of zeus.  discovered by christiaan huygens in 1655.  it was long thought that titan was the largest satellite in the solar system but recent observations have shown that titan's atmosphere is so thick that its solid surface is slightly smaller than ganymede's. titan is nevertheless larger in diameter than mercury and larger and more massive than pluto.     surface view one of the principal objectives of the voyager 1 mission was the study of titan. voyager 1 came within 4000 km of the surface. we learned more in the few minutes of that fly-by than in the previous 300 years. then in late 2004, the cassini orbiter began a series of close encounters with titan, taking data with many instruments. and in january 2005, the huygens probe actually landed on the surface of titan and sent back images from the surface.      titan is similar in bulk composition to ganymede, callisto, triton and (probably) pluto, ie about half water ice and half rocky material. it is probably differentiated into several layers with a 3400 km rocky center surrounded by several layers composed of different crystal forms of ice. its interior may still be hot. though similar in composition to rhea and the rest of saturn's moons, it is denser because it is so large that its gravity slightly compresses its interior.      smoggy titan alone of all the satellites in the solar system, titan has a significant atmosphere. at the surface, its pressure is more than 1.5 bar (50% higher than earth's). it is composed primarily of molecular nitrogen (as is earth's) with no more than 6% argon and a few percent methane. interestingly, there are also trace amounts of at least a dozen other organic compounds (i.e. ethane, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide) and water. the organics are formed as methane, which dominates in titan's upper atmosphere, is destroyed by sunlight. the result is similar to the smog found over large cities, but much thicker. in many ways, this is similar to the conditions on earth early in its history when life was first getting started. but it is this thick hazy atmosphere that makes it so hard to see titan's surface.      titan has no magnetic field and sometimes orbits outside saturn's magnetosphere. it is therefore directly exposed to the solar wind. this may ionize and carry away some molecules from the top of the atmosphere. it may also drive some of titan's peculiar chemistry.      at the surface, titan's temperature is about 94 k (-290 f). at this temperature water ice does not sublimate and thus there is little water vapor in the atmosphere. nevertheless, there appears to be a lot of chemistry going on; the end result seems to be a lot like a very thick smog.      there are scattered variable clouds in titan's atmosphere in addition to the overall deep haze. these clouds are probably composed of methane, ethane or other simple organics. other more complex chemicals in small quantities must be responsible for the orange color as seen from space. analysis of the huygens data will tell us a great deal about the details of the atmospheric chemistry.      erosion features prior to cassini's arrival, it seemed likely that the clouds would produce a rain of ethane or methane onto the surface perhaps producing an "ocean" up to 1000 meters deep. however, this seems not to be the case at least at the present time. there is little doubt that some active processes are occuring on titan; there are few if any craters visible indicating that the surface must be very young. but it may be that the "lakes" are more slushy