text: how the students teachers identify and describe the causes of their pupils learning difficulties?   assessment! if a teacher sees that a student is having difficulty in a particular area it is their responsibility to figure out why. test the student in the area of need and analyze the results (look for a pattern). then give the student some direct instruction in the area of need. try to use different modalities (visual, auditory, kinesthetic etc..) to teach the student what they need to know. then re-test and see if there is any improvement. if there is keep doing what you are doing. if not try something  different.   remember "if students are not learning the way you teach, teach the way they learn." :)