{"metadata":{"id":"0096ea10e82bd0d171bdfc8859e29f07","source":"gardian_index","url":"https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/e6576703-f6b5-4d82-bb81-9f210be7df54/retrieve"},"pageCount":83,"title":"CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish 2015 Performance Monitoring Report","keywords":["CIAT","ICARDA","WorldFish","Non-CGIAR partners: SLU"],"chapters":[{"head":"","index":1,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":249,"text":"A.2 Two most significant achievements/success stories Genetics of small ruminant adaptation to hot arid environments A significant step was achieved in understanding how genomic selection might be applied to breeding goats and sheep suitable for hot arid environments. In partnership with scientists from Animal Production Research Institute (Egypt), Iowa State University (USA) and Virginia State University (USA), ICARDA scientists investigated genomic signatures of natural selection for adaptation to hot arid environments. Barki goats and sheep well adapted to the dry Coastal Zone of the Western Desert in Egypt were compared against five exotic breeds of goats and three of sheep originating from temperate regions and thus poorly adapted to hot drylands. The latest genome-wide scan technique was applied and several candidate genomic regions under positive selection were identified. Several of these candidate regions spanned genes that influenced traits related to adaptation to hot arid environments such as thermo-tolerance, energy and digestive metabolism, as well as autoimmune response. Through comparative genome-wide mapping, the study also identified eight common candidate genes under selection in the two species and a shared selection signature that spanned a conserved syntenic segment to bovine chromosome 12 on caprine chromosome 12 and ovine chromosome 10 respectively. The results were published in Heredity and selected for the Heredity Podcast. The results set the basis for further studies to understand and exploit the mechanisms of adaptation to hot arid environments and highlight the potential of indigenous breeds as the genetic resources of choice to mitigate against climate change."},{"index":2,"size":121,"text":"Towards improved vaccines for mycoplasma diseases Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia are major livestock diseases in developing countries caused by mycoplasma. ILRI scientists with collaborators from the French National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA) and the University of Bern (Switzerland) used state-of-the-art synthetic genomics tools to engineer and phenotype a Mycoplasma mycoides capri strain which lacks the terminal gene in the galactofuranose synthesis pathway. The new mutant genome was engineered within yeast as an intermediate host and genome transplantation was used to generate the mutant Mycoplasma strain. The established technologies are being deployed to identify potential subunit vaccine targets. This work is a significant and exciting step towards creation of an improved live attenuated vaccine for mycoplasma diseases."}]},{"head":"A.3 Financial summary","index":2,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":30,"text":"The program executed USD 28.5 million (80% overall; 92% of W1/2 versus 70% of W3/bilateral) of the total 2015 USD 35.8 million budget. Gender research accounted for 10% of expenditures."}]},{"head":"B. Impact pathways and intermediate development outcomes (IDOs)","index":3,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":161,"text":"The overall program impact pathway and theory of change is described in the program's Results Strategy Framework and Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) (v.3) (http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/IDO) and summarized in the program's 2015-2016 extension proposal. The six IDOs adopted by the program are: IDO1-Increased livestock and fish productivity in small-scale production systems for the target commodities; IDO2-Increased quantity and improved quality of the target commodity supplied from the target small-scale production and marketing systems; IDO3-Increased employment and income for low-income actors in the target value chains, with an increased share of employment opportunities for and income controlled by low-income women; IDO4-Increased consumption of the target commodity responsible for filling a larger share of the nutrient gap for the poor, particularly for nutritionally vulnerable populations (women of reproductive age and young children); IDO5-Lower environmental impacts in the target value chains; IDO6-Policies (including investments) support the development of the small-scale production and marketing systems, and seek to increase the participation of women within these value chains."},{"index":2,"size":155,"text":"Indicators for the IDOs and methodology for estimating their target and actual values are described in an IDO Indicator Manual. The program IDOs have been maintained here for consistency; with the adoption of the new CGIAR Strategy and Results Framework 2016-2030, a revised, standard set of IDOs and sub-IDOs has been introduced, so it is anticipated that the indicators and methodology for their estimation will need to be revised. Work continued in 2015 to define how the monitoring and evaluation framework will be operationalized in practice, including the appropriate use of benchmarking, baselines and dedicated data collection. To date, the program is relying on situation analyses for the selected value chain countries that describe a range of indicators of the current status of the target pro-poor value chain based largely on secondary data in the public domain. More detailed baseline information is being collected as bilateral projects are funded and implemented in each value chain."}]},{"head":"C. Progress along the impact pathways","index":4,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":27,"text":"The following summaries are derived from detailed annual reports by value chain and CGIAR center, and synthesis reports by program flagships; they can be accessed at: http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/2015_AnnualReports."}]},{"head":"C.1 Progress towards outputs","index":5,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":86,"text":"For the extension period 2015-2016, the program was restructured from six themes to five flagships, three of which support the principal technology drivers of productivity and intensification in livestock and aquaculture systems: animal health, animal genetics, and feeds and forages. The other two flagships (systems analysis for sustainable innovation and value chain transformation and scaling) apply a combination of relevant biological and social science to address key dimensions associated with pro-poor value chain development and intensification and ensure more effective agricultural research-for-development that translates into impact."},{"index":2,"size":30,"text":"Flagship 1-Animal health: This flagship generates data and materials for solutions to improve the pro-poor management of animal health and food safety in the selected value chains and more generally."},{"index":3,"size":304,"text":"A first cluster of activities assesses productivity constraints imposed by disease to inform prioritization. The delay in work on this agenda was resolved with new dedicated capacity on livestock and fish health at ILRI and WorldFish, strengthening the flagship's engagement in the target value chains. Research on emerging diseases in farmed fish is becoming a priority. In collaboration with Merck Lab Singapore and Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Streptococcus agalactiae biotype 1 was identified as the main cause of streptococcosis in Tilapia in ponds and cages in Bangladesh, prompting initiation of a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Initial fish health scoping and diagnostic studies by ILRI and Merck identified Aeromonas veronii as a possible factor in significant summer mortality that has emerged on tilapia fish farms in Egypt, and are serving as the basis for in-depth histopathologic and epidemiological studies. The CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) contributed complementary results establishing that Egyptian farmed fish is safe from the point of view of chemical contamination but could be unsafe because of spoilage caused by poor post-harvest handling. In Uganda, initial characterization of the pig disease situation has led to a focus on improving biosafety in the value chain. Key outputs were publications characterizing the pig value chain, results and tools for participatory risk assessment of African swine fever and assessing knowledge, attitudes, practices, capacities and incentives (KAPCI) for its control through biosecurity among pig producers, traders, butchers, input suppliers and extension workers. A study on the socio-cultural factors and gender dimensions in pig management and biosecurity identified factors that govern the level of adoption and application of biosecurity measures at farm level, such as the perception of some farmer communities that throwing away the animal carcasses is a waste of food, or the taboo for some communities associated with burying a dead animal."},{"index":4,"size":170,"text":"The program's new epidemiology capacity has raised the profile of the flagship's second cluster on animal population health. In Ethiopia, health issues for rams in community-based breeding programs (CBBP), a central best-bet for small ruminant value chain development, began to be addressed through a sero-survey. Importantly, preliminary results showed no differences between rams in CBBPs and animals from non-program herds, which means that CBBPs urgently need to develop health schemes to reduce disease transmission risks through breeding animals. In Uganda, the focus is still on better understanding the epidemiology of African swine fever: risk factors for outbreaks and risk factors in smallholder systems were identified, the measure of infectiousness R0 was estimated to be between 1.6 and 3.4, and a cohort study found low incidence of carrier animals in smallholder systems compared to higher prevalence in samples collected at slaughter indicating farmers rapidly sell animals perceived as sick at onset of clinical signs. Genotype IX, the primary strain found in Uganda outbreaks, was sequenced and compared with genotype X virus."},{"index":5,"size":386,"text":"Much of the flagship activity remains concentrated in the third cluster development of vaccines and diagnostics for priority neglected diseases. Recombinant protein to five new candidate sporozoite antigens for East Coast fever was made, of which two are going forward towards vaccine trials 1 . A method to differentiate BoLA-A18 and BoLA-A18v cattle was developed and a panel of eight different peptide-MHC class I tetramer was developed to assess peptide specific CD8 T cell responses to immunization, and a library of ~41,000 synthetic peptides derived from 506 genes was ordered to facilitate the identification of new schizont candidate vaccine antigens. Experiments using adenovirus prime/MVA boost with the Tp1 antigen in three different formats were also carried out, and while all protocols induced CD8 T cells that were positive in ELISPOT and in killing of peptide pulsed cells, these cells did not kill parasiteinfected cells. There was some indication of immunity to challenge but the data were equivocal. Results on antigenic variation in Infection & Treatment Method (ITM) vaccine stabilates showed that the vaccine stabilates displayed far less variation than field isolates, provoking re-thinking on how the current mixture induces broader protection than single isolates. Other studies confirmed that ITM vaccinated cattle were not protected against natural challenge with buffalo-derived T. parva, and contributed to growing evidence that co-infections need to be better understood for effective control. Progress was achieved in understanding of immune response to recombinant proteins and the role Mycoplasma polysaccharides and their potential use in vaccine development. The third cluster aims at strengthening the delivery and use systems for improved animal genetic resources. To support the challenge of scaling out improved small ruminant genetics from CBBP in Ethiopia, a literature review of the current state of knowledge related to the reproductive performance and characteristics of Ethiopian sheep was completed, and initial evaluations were conducted of innovative reproductive technology options, including an assessment of breeding soundness of rams; development of clean, non-invasive and cost-effective estrous synchronization protocols for sheep and goats; and development of an effective field solution for artificial insemination in sheep with fresh semen. In Senegal, a review of the national dairy germplasm production and delivery value chain provided recommendations to strengthen the value chain. A new research agenda on poultry genetics was initiated with innovation platforms established in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Nigeria."},{"index":6,"size":116,"text":"Work under the fourth cluster targets 'breakthrough technologies' to support improved genetics in the smallholder context. Reproductive technologies are key, and advanced methods to determine sperm viability by flow cytometry were established to address this. Farmer recording systems are also a critical challenge, and a data capture and management system was developed, tested and used for chicken data. Improving access and ownership of AnGR information was achieved by testing and transferring country level databases (called Country-DAGRIS) to partners from focal institutes in 17 African countries. Finally, the livestock biorepository at ILRI continue to grow, and guidelines and an ODK system for its use as a service were established, while the fish biorepository at WorldFish became operational."},{"index":7,"size":31,"text":"Flagship 3-Feeds and forages: This flagship develops superior feed and forage options that respond to current and evolving demands to increase meat, milk and fish production, while reducing the ecological footprint."},{"index":8,"size":172,"text":"A first cluster of activities has been working to establish a shared platform of tools and approaches to support the feed research agenda. This has now largely been achieved as the flagship's Technology Platform is able to address most feed advisory, feed analytical and phenotyping demands from the CRP's value chains, other CRPs and collaborating NARES and private sector. Central to the platform are the diagnostic and analytical tool developments for FEAST, TechFit, SoFT, extended feed demand-supply scenarios and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). To respond to growing use of the Feed Assessment Tool, FEAST, among researchers and agricultural development practitioners and institutions, an e-learning version of the tool was developed and made available in collaboration with the Humidtropics CRP. The value of incorporating gender dimensions into the tool was demonstrated in work in Ethiopia. New equations were developed and validated for the stationary NIRS network including results for all amino acids (AA) in 200 representative samples from Africa and Asia to address the increasing importance of monogastric and fish feeds and feed ingredients."},{"index":9,"size":105,"text":"The second cluster seeks to ensure existing feed resources are used better. In Ethiopia, sheep fattening strategies were evaluated and demonstrated the importance of sheep breed in determining profitability. Abassa tilapia were also shown to improve feed conversion in Egyptian aquaculture, and an analysis of the fish feed value chain in Egypt was reported. On-farm pilot studies in India generated evidence of the benefits of chopping of crop residues using a range of locally produced choppers with different degree of sophistication and improved feed presentation in feeding troughs: feed intake was increased, feed waste reduced, and labour investment of women in feeding cut down substantially."},{"index":10,"size":210,"text":"Creating higher quality feed options is the focus of the third cluster. Major efforts were again devoted to increasing fodder/feed biomass quantity and quality through identification, breeding and dissemination of superior food-feed cereal (maize, sorghum, pearl millet, rice, wheat and leguminous crops: cowpea, chickpea, groundnut) and maize, sorghum and pearl millet forage) cultivars. An important finding is that many Napier, sorghum and pearl millet forage cultivars perform poorly in terms of fodder quality, with low voluntary feed intake compared to maize forage. Breeding programs for interspecific Brachiaria hybrids and intraspecific B. humidicola hybrids have full cultivar development pipelines and are advancing rapidly in terms of improving genetic gain through the evaluation of larger populations, integration of improved high-throughput phenotyping protocols, and development of relevant molecular tools. Further evidence was generated on the multipurpose benefits from some forages notably Brachiaria and the BNI capacity of B. humidicola. New research on upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass for animal feed using ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) was initiated with Michigan Biotechnology Institute. A successful pilot feed value chain for poultry and pigs based on turning cassava peel into a concentrate feed was established in collaboration with the RTB and Humidtropics CRPs. Use of maize fiber-a by-product of starch production-as basal feed for ruminants was optimized."}]},{"head":"Flagship 4-Systems Analysis for Sustainable Innovations (SASI):","index":6,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":92,"text":"This flagship acts at the interface between the technology generation flagships (Health, Genetics and Feeds & Forages) and the value chain transformation and scaling flagship (VCTS), to ensure integration of the various components through a whole-systems perspective looking at livestock and fish value chains as coupled socio-ecological systems that are operating in a wider regional and global context. The flagship was established for the extension period to consolidate cross-cutting elements of previous, smaller themes and serves as a temporary arrangement to facilitate transition to the Phase 2 CRPs on Fish and Livestock."},{"index":2,"size":333,"text":"A first cluster of activities is dedicated to cross-cutting research that supports pro-poor value chain transformation, including gender dimensions reported in a separate section. To test the appropriateness of institutional models for inclusive value chains, analyses were reported of dairy business hubs and producer preferences in Tanzania and pig cooperative and slaughter options in Uganda. Partial equilibrium modelling indicated that improving efficiency in the Tanzania informal dairy value chain would mainly be in the form of scale rather than cost efficiency, offering relatively large benefits to both producers and consumers. An innovation systems approach was applied to documenting the processes and innovation architecture in the Tanzania dairy value chain, highlighting the key role of dairy development at national level and various organizations and platforms at local level. Important evidence relevant to the program's theory of change came from an innovative analysis of household data conducted jointly with CCAFS CRP and published in PNAS which suggests that targeting poverty through improving market access and off-farm opportunities is a better strategy to increase food security than focusing on agricultural production and closing yield gaps: this finding can be interpreted as support for the CRP's value chain approach. Applications of an improved environmental impact assessment framework (CLEANED) for the dairy value chain in Tanzania, the dual-purpose cattle value chain in Nicaragua and the pig value chain in Uganda were reported. Investment in the Mazingira lab in Nairobi began to generate returns: an indigenous sheep feeding trial showed that the protein rich roots, leaves and vines of the sweet potato have the ability to significantly improve productivity and decrease methane emissions intensity in animals fed low-quality basal diets, like poor quality pasture or stovers. New investment was made to develop the human nutrition dimension by convening a consultation at the Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health for coalition building and to develop an agenda on the role of animal-source food in the developing world; a first draft strategy for nutrition-related research was subsequently prepared."},{"index":3,"size":80,"text":"The second cluster under this flagship provides cross-cutting backstopping on the design and development of integration intervention packages in the target value chains. The focus to date has been on developing and implementing a best-bet protocol with criteria and evidence for deciding which components to take forward for scaling as part of an intervention strategy. As part of the development of a comprehensive global livestock information system to better target livestock research and investment, the Livestock Geo-Wiki was significantly improved."},{"index":4,"size":54,"text":"A third cluster is intended to assess progress and capture lessons. Work under this cluster has been focusing on the developing an M&E framework and system appropriate for an AR4D program, responding to the recommendations of the CRP Science & Partnership Advisory Committee and the CRP-Commissioned External Evaluation on the program's value chain approach."},{"index":5,"size":72,"text":"Flagship 5-Value chain transformation and scaling: This flagship was redefined for the extension period to focus on using research to develop evidence-based interventions to promote inclusive, sustainable animal-source food value chains and stimulate processes to achieve transformative scale in the target value chains. The value chain research teams serve as the interface between cross-cutting research in the other flagships and integrated solutions for generating impact in a specific national or regional context."},{"index":6,"size":313,"text":"After an initial phase of assessment during the first years of the CRP, much of the work by the value chain research teams has now shifted to piloting and validating best-bet interventions, which is the focus of the first cluster of activities. The exact stage and level of activity varied considerably across the value chains depending on when CRP country engagement began and on donor investment achieved. In addition to work led by other flagships, efforts focused on product quality in collaboration with A4NH, business development services, integrating gender and policy analysis. In Ethiopia, processing technologies to improve quality and safety of goat dairy products were tested. Analysis of the pig sector in Vietnam highlighted the opportunity to develop market differentiation and price premiums for 'safe' pork produced by Vietnam Good Animal Husbandry Practices (VietGAHP) certified producers. Based on gaps identified in business management practices in surveyed co-operatives, materials were prepared in Uganda to promote pig business planning and financial management in Uganda to begin building capacity within the value chain. Gender perceptions of resource ownership and their implications for food security were explored among rural livestock owners in Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Nicaragua, providing qualitative evidence that local meaning and gender dynamics play a crucial role in food security at the household level, and can inform locally relevant approaches to improving gender equity. A gendered analysis of barriers to adoption of best practices in pig value chain in Vietnam described how labor allocation in pig production aligned with traditional gender roles of men and women changes as scale increases, with the role of women vis-à-vis men declining. Results of updated modeling of the Vietnam pork sector shows that smallholders will remain the dominant suppliers of Vietnam's pork market in the next decades. This analysis combined with systems dynamic modeling to evaluate value chain performance contributed to policy change recognizing the smallholder sector role."},{"index":7,"size":96,"text":"The second cluster focuses on research to support implementation of innovations at scale, including improving assessment of capacity development needs and the role of innovation platforms. Various forms of innovation platforms are being applied to facilitate identifying opportunities and adapting best-bet technologies. The multistakeholder process and its role in fostering innovations and enhancing market linkages was documented for Tanzania, offering the lesson that innovation platforms at different levels are a very efficient approach to identifying and resolving complex mix of constraints to dairy development at the local level when there is an appropriate mix of actors."},{"index":8,"size":36,"text":"The deployment of innovation platforms in bilateral projects in India, Tanzania and Egypt demonstrates how to deal with the institutional environment that may enable or limit adoption and the role of the platforms in scaling up."}]},{"head":"C.2 Progress towards the achievement of research outcomes and IDOs","index":7,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":44,"text":"The program devotes science to generating novel technologies and effective strategies that support inclusive livestock and fish value chain development and transformation. Several examples demonstrate that research from the program is being taken up by next users beyond the program's direct sphere of control."},{"index":2,"size":109,"text":"• In Ethiopia, the strategy for genetic improvement of small ruminants in lower-input systems based on CBBP has been prioritized by the national research system and Livestock Ministry for important Ethiopian sheep and goat breeds and is being considered as a component of the Second Growth and Transformation Plan. • In Vietnam, the Department of Livestock Production relied on evidence provided by the program to revise the Livestock Development Strategy to 2030 to address the need for a better and more conducive environment for smallholders to sustain their competitiveness in the pork sector. • In Bangladesh, improved Tilapia are being utilized by 59 hatcheries for multiplication and further dissemination."},{"index":3,"size":57,"text":"Also, 78 semi-automated feed mills are now in operation with more than 500 tons of feed provided to 800 remote small farmers. Training of 300 nutritionists and engineers in commercial automated feed mills helped produce more than 60,000 tons of quality feed using extrusion technology. Ten feed companies adopted user-friendly fish feed formulation software developed by WorldFish. "}]},{"head":"C.3 Progress towards impact","index":8,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":36,"text":"Evidence about impact of program research were provided by an internal evaluation of the Egyptian aquaculture intervention, performance monitoring of the Bangladesh aquaculture intervention, a review of CBBP in Ethiopia and private sector forage seed sales."},{"index":2,"size":242,"text":"An impact assessment of the fish value chain project in Egypt, the IEIDEAS project, provided insights on changes in the yields and profits of fish farmers as a result of training on best management practices (BMP) and adoption of the Abbassa Tilapia strain. The IEIDEAS project theory of change assumed that BMP trained and farmers stocking the faster-growing Abbassa strain would increase their productivity and production, resulting in increased employment along the value chain. The impact assessment found farms adopting the Abbassa strain achieved much more efficient use of feeds (feed conversion ratio of 1.48 compared to 1.83 on control farms), and BMP-trained farmers achieved significantly higher net profits (29.3%) compared to control farmers (12.3%), with fish farmers who stocked the Abbassa strain probably using the faster growth of the new fish to achieve the target harvest weight slightly earlier but, because they only stock once per season, this did not result in higher production. It is assumed going forward that more profitable BMP-trained fish farmers will be confident enough to invest in higher productivity and that once fish farmers are used to the faster growth of the improved strain, they will devise strategies to increase their productivity. Improved understanding of the decision-making process of fish farmers will be studied to test this hypothesis, i.e. whether more profitable fish farmers will invest in sustainable intensification, thereby increasing productivity and production, or continue to improve efficiency (and reduce environmental impacts) without increasing production."},{"index":3,"size":117,"text":"In Bangladesh, the Aquaculture for Improved Nutrition project's own annual performance survey analyzed the impact of its interventions on farms and in the seed value chain (source: project reports). The results indicate that more than 550,000 fish farmers have benefited from program interventions, resulting in improved quality of inputs (fish seed), farm management practices, and farm outputs. Increased capacity of the private sector to supply Indian Major Carps fingerlings among 425,732 fish farmers contributed to increased fish sales by USD16.3 million; more than 76,000 fish farmers trained increased their fish production and sales by USD12.6 million; and shrimp hatcheries supplying diseasefree seed to 17,362 farmers, together with training, resulted in an additional incremental sales of USD79.9 million."},{"index":4,"size":42,"text":"An evaluation of three CBBPs for small ruminants in Ethiopia indicated that such programs have generated reasonable improvements in the recorded traits. The CBBP have also contributed to increased income from sale of sheep and goats as well as household meat consumption."},{"index":5,"size":58,"text":"Brachiaria hybrids from the CIAT breeding program are being adopted around the world: from 2001-2013, seed sales data shows adoption on approximately 475,000 hectares (source: private company data). Data for 2014 shows further adoption on approximately 64,000 hectares. Main adopter countries are Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Nicaragua but also countries in Asia and Africa have started increasingly adopting."}]},{"head":"D. Gender research achievements","index":9,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":71,"text":"The program's gender initiative made significant progress across all four objectives of the Livestock and Fish gender strategy related to: gender capacity development; approaches and strategies to improve value chain participation; gender transformative approaches; and consumption (nutrition). As a joint effort with the program's capacity development specialist, a participatory gender capacity assessment tool for partners was developed working with a consultant, Transition International. The results are reported under Section F below."},{"index":2,"size":244,"text":"The innovative approach reported last year to address the challenge of developing internal capacity for gender mainstreaming moved forward with a coordinated set of activities to strengthen the capacity of non-gender scientists to use and understand gender concepts, tools and analysis. The activity is led by the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) with the support of the CRP gender experts and involves coaching non-gender scientists to apply a gender lens in their research. Ten gender-integrated research projects were funded and implemented specifically in response to the 2014 call for gender-integrated research proposals, and sixteen projects were coached across all flagships and in six target value chains. Initial reports from the coached studies have been written and a subset are being prepared for publication. Integrating gender into Livestock and Fish research is an ongoing process to build up the collective capacity for interdisciplinarity. This approach has generated increasing appreciation by non-gender scientists of the value of gender analysis for improving the quality and impact of their technical, value chain and systems research. The surge of interest in and commitment to gender-integrated research has, however, put additional pressure on the limited gender staff in trying to respond to all of the requests to integrate gender in proposal writing, tool development and implementation, data analysis and discussion. A challenge going forward will be to clarify roles and responsibilities of all researchers (gender and non-gender) to ensure high quality science and benefits are appropriately shared by the researchers involved."},{"index":3,"size":252,"text":"The program's strategic gender research is focusing on gender relations and dynamics, access to and control of productive resources and gender transformative approaches. Analyses on this subject included an article reviewing recent tools developed to capture gender relations at household and community levels, and a policy brief on how to take into account that farmers' capacity to mitigate climate change is affected by gender relations. Access to and control of productive resources is often mentioned as a key factor affecting the ability of livestock farmers, women in particular, to participate in value chains, control the generated revenues and generally improve their livelihoods. One study reported how four dairy and horticultural projects impacted on the income and asset base of participating women and men farmers, finding the gender-asset gap did not decrease due to gender-asset disparities that limit women's participation in projects and by gender norms that reduced their control over generated revenues. Another study examined how gender affects preferences for livestock species and ownership and management of goats in a Kenyan district, concluding that a gender lens is needed when introducing new livestock species. A second study clarifies how ownership perceptions of livestock differ from other assets in selected households in Tanzania, Ethiopia and Nicaragua, largely due to the informal nature of livestock ownership. The study concluded that 'livestock ownership' is an unreliable indicator of progress on gender but at the same time, livestock offer opportunities to enhance women's control over resources when gender norms regulating the utilization of livestock are addressed."},{"index":4,"size":80,"text":"Research continued on gender transformative approaches, including radio vignettes produced in the Nicaragua value chain to question traditional gender roles. Another publication focusses on the role of gender-transformative approaches in agricultural research for development, using the aquaculture sector in Bangladesh as a case study. The IEIDEAS impact assessment concluded that while there was evidence of economic gain among the informal female fish vendors in Egypt, the main benefit was the sense of empowerment that was created through a group-based approach."},{"index":5,"size":51,"text":"The women' empowerment in livestock index (WELI) captures changes in empowerment specific to livestock keeping, and was applied in Tanzania in conjunction with a nutrition survey. A TV episode of the television series Shamba Shape-up in Kenya incorporated input from the CRP about the role of women's groups in livestock development."}]},{"head":"E. Partnerships building achievements","index":10,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":46,"text":"The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) was the first non-CGIAR partner to join the program under a program partner agreement. The priority for SLU contributions will be to strengthen recognized gaps in the animal health flagship, particularly with respect to animal population and reproductive health. "}]},{"head":"F. Capacity building achievements","index":11,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":109,"text":"Training activities are embedded throughout the program and a list of events is provided in the Performance Indicator Table in annex. Approximately 139,000 people, 53% of them women, were involved in short-term training events during the year. These included a series of training events in Uganda on improved pig management involving 3,177 pork value chain actors, in Bangladesh on aquaculture and business management skills for 130,848 value chain actors (55% women); and in Tanzania on dairy practices and management for 1,821 dairy value chain actors, of which half were women. The program also hosted 102 graduate fellows as future leaders in research, nearly half of whom (45%) were women."},{"index":2,"size":61,"text":"Particular attention was given to instructional design and developing blended-learning materials to support and increase research uptake. Initial efforts include classroom and online modules for the Feed Assessment Tool (FEAST), a joint development with CRP Humidtropics, and the Learning Management System launched in partnership with SONATA Learning and which provides a centralized platform for developing online courses to reach wider audiences."},{"index":3,"size":138,"text":"A key achievement for capacity development efforts in 2015 was to complete the development of a participatory gender capacity assessment tool for partners, led by Transition International. The tool has been used with research and development partners in four value chains: Tanzania, Ethiopia, India and Uganda. Its findings have been documented in various formats including reports for each value chain and blog posts. The assessment has led to a set of interventions to be implemented in 2016. After participating in the assessment, ATA adopted the tool for wider use with its partners. The participatory assessment was found to already increase the partners' understanding of what gender analysis entails in research and development work, and also in the institution's workplace arrangements. As a result, partners became pro-active in identifying what support they need to strengthen the desired gender skills."}]},{"head":"G. Risk management","index":12,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":16,"text":"The three major risks that may hinder the expected delivery of results by the program include:"}]},{"head":"Increasing program and funding uncertainty and complexity:","index":13,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":120,"text":"An assumption underlying the Livestock and Fish CRP approach is that a focused interdisciplinary focus on improving selected value chains will improve the relevance and urgency of AR4D. Maintaining sufficient continuity to allow this approach to demonstrate impact is threatened by both the constant reconfiguration of CGIAR arrangements and priorities, and the increasing restrictions on W1/2 funding and reliance on bilateral funding. To manage this risk, the CRP is giving more emphasis to translating major components of its research agenda into very large bilateral proposals that may be attractive to consortia of donors and that can provide more stability over several years. This will also address associated risks of alienating partners and not being able to attract quality scientific staff."}]},{"head":"Weak M&E systems:","index":14,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":121,"text":"The need for a credible M&E system for the CRP has been highlighted by recent reviews, the risk being that the program does not detect poor performing or inappropriate research in a timely way, or donors perceive it as inadequate and lose confidence. At the same time, there is a risk of investing in developing a CRP-specific system that does not meet evolving system-level requirements, such as the adoption of the IDOs defined by the SRF superseding those previously developed by the Livestock and Fish CRP. To balance these risks, the CRP is giving priority to developing first a theory of change-based M&E system for monitoring its research, while contributing to efforts to develop a system-level strategy for monitoring the IDOs."}]},{"head":"Weak program management systems:","index":15,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":77,"text":"As also pointed out in the recent Independent External Evaluation, relying on program information extracted periodically from center financial management systems, whether OCS-based or not, has not been effective and has restricted the ability to manage the CRP strategically. To address the risk of this situation continuing, priority is being given to reviewing the existing CCAFS system and adapting it to the Livestock and Fish context so that it is in place for the phase II CRPs."}]},{"head":"H. Lessons learned H.1 Confidence of indicators","index":16,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":85,"text":"The indicators reported in Table 1 are derived from detailed data presented in the various background reports, which cite the supporting evidence. The program has confidence in the quality of the indicator data supplied because of the straightforward data collection methods and application within a simple database across the nine value chains, five partners and five flagships. This allows for duplications to be more easily detected and resolved. The program also performed a mid-year update of indicator data which has contributed to more exhaustive reporting."}]},{"head":"H.2 Changes in research direction","index":17,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":147,"text":"A major funding opportunity supported the opening of new research on poultry genetics. Although the CRP does not currently include a target poultry value chain, the focus on poultry genetics responds to concerns that the CRP was ignoring poultry, as well as contributes an important dimension with a shorter generational cycle to understanding issues regarding appropriate use of indigenous genetic resources and their delivery, as well as providing the opportunity to assess the appropriateness of poultry value chains in addressing the CRP's objectives. New work was also initiated on the delayed herd health agenda and to address emerging fish health issues through cross-center collaboration with external partners. A significant step was taken to realize the CRP's ambitions to address human nutrition dimensions more directly by developing a consensus on priority research opportunities with a range of potential partners, but which will require mobilizing new resources to pursue."}]},{"head":"H.3 Lessons learned from evaluation","index":18,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":162,"text":"The CRP benefitted from several forms of evaluation including review by the Science and Partnership Advisory Committee, finalization of a CRP-Commissioned External Evaluation on the value chain approach, preliminary findings of the Independent External Evaluation and an advisory audit by the CGIAR Internal Audit Unit. Overall, these evaluations have consistently endorsed the science agenda and approach being pursued by the CRP, but highlighted challenges and particularly weaknesses in its management systems. A central challenge remains more effectively linking the cross-cutting work in the flagships to the work in the target value chains, and ensuring sufficient scientific rigor for the action research in the value chains. Another important gap has been the lack of agribusiness expertise to translate the various research outputs into workable business-based interventions at value chain level, which is being addressed through new staff recruitment. Improving management systems has been given priority, both with respect to M&E systems and online systems for real-time monitoring of program activities and budgetary resources."},{"index":2,"size":141,"text":"Important insights were provided by an internal assessment of aquaculture project work in Egypt. The project theory of change assumed that farmers trained in best management practices and stocking the faster-growing Abbassa strain would increase their productivity and production. However, the assessment found that farmers behaved logically by using their training to feed more efficiently and reduce operating costs, maintaining the same production levels but with higher profits. Farmers using the Abbassa strain were probably using the faster growth of the new fish to achieve the targeted harvest weight slightly earlier, but as they only stock once per season this did not result in higher production. This challenge to the theory of change has led to a critical re-think of the approach and the need to understand better farmer behaviour, and point to the need for a more research-based M&E system."}]},{"head":"I. Financial report","index":19,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":8,"text":"The financial reports are attached as Annex 3."},{"index":2,"size":29,"text":"Annex The CRP has defined and collected baseline data on the main dimensions of gender inequality in the CRP's main target populations relevant to its expected outcomes ( IDOs)"},{"index":3,"size":112,"text":"The gender analysis within value chains undertaken in 2014 has continued and deepened in 2015. Fourteen gender-integrated research projects have been undertaken in value chains and in the technical flagships, which go beyond sex-disaggregated data collection to embedding gender concepts in overall research questions and considering gender dimensions in design as well as using gender analysis once the data is collected. Some projects diagnose gender-based constraints in main target populations, for example, the gendered analysis of the fish feed chain in Bangladesh and gender-integrated value chain analysis of five main fish species, also in Bangladesh. Another example of baseline data collection is that of the empowerment and nutrition research undertaken in Tanzania."},{"index":4,"size":21,"text":"Sex-disaggregated social data collected and used to diagnose important genderrelated constraints in at least one of the CRP's main target populations"}]},{"head":"And","index":20,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":91,"text":"The CRP has defined and collected baseline data on the main dimensions of gender inequality in the CRP's main target populations relevant to its expected outcomes (IDOs) And CRP targets changes in levels of gender inequality to which the CRP is or plans to contribute, with related numbers of men and women beneficiaries in main target populations all institutes in L&F in order to align 2015 gender budgeting. In addition, in preparations for the phase II CRPs, a theory of change on gender was developed based on the 2015 gender agenda. "}]}],"figures":[{"text":" Initial progress was made in building the capacity of research and development partners in NI, ET, UG and TZ value chains through the implementation of a participatory assessment tool for gender capacities which helped increase their awareness of what gender analysis entails and what their individual and institutional shortcomings are. "},{"text":"  "},{"text":"  "},{"text":"  "},{"text":"  "},{"text":"  "},{"text":"  "},{"text":"  "},{"text":"  "},{"text":"  "},{"text":"  "},{"text":" • Pig value chain training manuals developed by the program are being used more widely by Pig Production and Marketing Uganda Ltd, Adina Foundation and Masaka district local government for their own activities, serving to scale out capacity development interventions. • Outputs from the smallholder dairy team in Tanzania were recognized as influencing the decision of large dairy processors to source supplies from agro-pastoralist producers. • The Animal Health Flagship achieved its target of having 200,000 doses of East Coast fever (ITM) vaccine deployed by other actors in East Africa. • A manual for artificial insemination on goats has been taken up by goat herder associations in Pakistan and by the relevant institutions from the State Ministry of Livestock to train village-based technicians in local semen production from genetically superior bucks.  "},{"text":" Collaborations were initiated with several private sector companies to leverage particular veterinary research capacities. The Merck aquaculture R&D lab in Singapore contributed analyses of fish disease in Bangladesh; Harris Vaccines Inc. is helping test their proprietary vaccine technology for East Coast fever; Senova GmbH is involved in developing the lateral flow diagnostic test for CBPP; and Hester Biosciences is participating in the continued development of the thermos-stable vaccine for PPR. WorldFish expanded its relationship with Skretting, the largest global fish feed company, by signing a research partnership agreement to operate a feeds research facility at the WorldFish Abbassa research center in Egypt. The facility will help identify new feed raw materials for inclusion in aquaculture feeds in Egypt and Africa. In Tanzania, a private-public partnership was forged with ASAS Dairies, a major milk processor in Tanzania, to directly involve a target market client with five farmer groups as part of piloting of dairy market hubs and using a check-off system to facilitate market transactions.At national level, a promising new type of arrangement for scaling is the program's engagement with the Ethiopia Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA): the agency organized a workshop on design of small ruminant breeding programs jointly with the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute and the Livestock and Fish CRP team. At the same time, the agency participated in the stakeholder gender capacity assessment conducted by the CRP and is promoting wider use of the tool among its partners. Similarly, in Colombia, the program is engaging with the Livestock Roundtable seeking to implement sustainable livestock production. The strengthened animal health flagship established new, but more conventional, collaboration with the National Animal Health and Diagnostic Investigation Centre in Ethiopia and the National Veterinary Research Institute in Vietnam in carrying out farm-level sero-surveys.  "},{"text":" 1. Program Indicators of ProgressDetailed explanation for the source of the indicators can be found at http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/2015_AnnualReports in the Source of Summary Indicators file and in the various Flagship, center and value chain reports posted there. Explanatory notes at the bottom of thetable are provided for selected indicators. Law No. 124/1983 concerning fishing and regulation of aquaculture, Egypt Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 303/1987 concerning issue of executive regulation for Law No. 124/198, Egypt Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 447/2012 concerning amendment of the executive regulation of fisheries and aquaculture law, issued by Decree No. 303/1987, Egypt Presidential Decree No. 190/1983 concerning establishment of GAFRD, Egypt Presidential Decree No. 456/1983 concerning specification of water surfaces where fishing is developed and overseen by GAFRD, Egypt Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 446/1983 concerning oversight of GAFRD on fish resources companies, Egypt Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 2655/2003 concerning prohibition of use of the hormone of 17 alpha methyl testosterone to produce unisex tilapia, Egypt Law No. 123/1983 concerning aquatic cooperatives, Egypt Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 181/1984 concerning issue of executive regulation for Law No. 123/1983, Egypt Presidential Decree No. 190/1983 concerning establishment of GAFRD, Egypt Presidential Decree No. 456/1983 concerning specification of water surfaces where fishing is developed and overseen by GAFRD, Egypt Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 446/1983 concerning oversight of GAFRD on fish resources companies, Egypt Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 2655/2003 concerning prohibition of use of the hormone of 17 alpha methyl testosterone to produce unisex tilapia, Egypt Law No. 123/1983 concerning aquatic cooperatives, Egypt Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 181/1984 concerning issue of executive regulation for Law No. 123/1983, Egypt Law No. 48/1982 concerning protection of the River Nile and water channels from pollution, Egypt Minister of Irrigation Decree No. 92/2013 concerning amendment of executive regulation of the law for protection of water and canals from pollution, issued by Decree No. 402/2009, Egypt Law No.9/2009 concerning amendment of environment Law No. 4/1994, Egypt Prime Minister Decree No. 338/1995 concerning executive regulation of environment Law No. 4/1994, Egypt Prime Minister Decree No. 1741/2005 concerning amendment of some provisions of Prime Minister Decree No. 338/1995 concerning executive regulation of environment Law, Egypt Indicator KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS, DATA Deviation narrative (if actual is more than 10% away from target) (Phase I) journals produced by CRP 10. Number of strategic value chains analyzed by CRP 16.Number of trainees in long-term programs facilitated by CRP Community based livestock breeding Annex 2. Performance indicators for gender mainstreaming with targets defined 2014 2015 Target Actual Target Actual http://hdl.handle.net/10568/56822 Gendered rapid assessment and benchmarking tools for Uganda Smallholder Pig Value chain http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/Uganda+pig+value+chain+bench+marking+tools Toolkit for assessing knowledge attitude practices capacities and incentives of input suppliers on biosecurity for the control of African swine fever in Uganda http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/ASF_KAPCI_Input_suppliers_180315_FINAL.pd f Toolkit for assessing knowledge attitude practices capacities and incentives of extension staff on biosecurity for the control of African swine fever in Uganda http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/Gender+Initiative Questionnaires on gender dynamics in the dairy value chain governance system of Nicaragua https://www.dropbox.com/sh/vthachqprok7s3v/AADNCXpTuo9W-907Flo_Z8l8a?dl=0 Longitudinal monitoring tool for the ADA Genetics Project https://ilri-angr.wikispaces.com/Nicaragua+Project+Tools Focus group discussion guide on assessing gender norms in design and implementation of pig business hubs http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/GTA%20tools%20for%20the%20HUBs.pdf http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/SASI+FP http://livestock-http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/Education-Programmes/prospective-Year+3+%282015%29+final.docx fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/GTA%20tools%20for%20the%20HUBs.pdf and genetics, Wageningen, Netherlands http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/BMZ-GIZ-BNI-Project+Report-# Farm-level GHG and nutrient balance calculator producer level gender-disaggregated L&F value-chain data http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/Gender+Initiative Questionnaires on gender dynamics in the dairy value chain governance system of Nicaragua https://www.dropbox.com/sh/vthachqprok7s3v/AADNCXpTuo9W-907Flo_Z8l8a?dl=0 Longitudinal monitoring tool for the ADA Genetics Project https://ilri-angr.wikispaces.com/Nicaragua+Project+Tools Focus group discussion guide on assessing gender norms in design 5 -Training for MSc students in Summer school in Animal breeding humidicola, various sites in Nicaragua and implementation of Pig business hubs (see Annex 3) 9 14 N= 11 Analysis of wild forages as pig feed in Nagaland, India, South Asia https://www.wageningenur.nl/en/activity/Advanced-course-on-Design-and-implementation-of-breedingprograms-for-smallholder-poultry-farmers.htm 7 -Training on Livestock recording and database management, and 10 54 N = 54 7 -Bachelors 24 -Masters Fish feed mills, Khulna hub, Bangladesh http://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/affordable-quality-feed-helps-programs: Essentials rural-bangladeshi-farmers-grow-more-fish and examples the use of MISTRO livestock recording and monitoring database software for Rwanda Agricultural board, Kigali, Rwanda http://ilri-angr.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trip%20Report-Rwanda-20150717.pdf 2 -Training to farmers on animal breeding management through focus group discussions, Nicaragua http://ilri-research in the CRP Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) potential of Brachiaria initiative-to-improve-livelihoods-of-smallholders-and-boost-food-security/ angr.wikispaces.com/file/view/Report_FDG_Nicaragua_2015_format.pdf (female) POLICIES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Performance Indicator CRP performance approaches CRP performance meets requirements CRP performance exceeds requirements 2016 Target Not set 22 -PhD 28. Numbers of 4 5 requirements N = 19 1 -Other Policies/ Regulations/ 1. Gender inequality targets Sex-disaggregated social data is being Sex-disaggregated social data collected and used to diagnose Pig breeding policy, Nagaland, India defined collected and used to diagnose important gender-related constraints in at least one of the CRP's TECHNOLOGIES/PRACTICES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT 18. Number of technologies/NRM practices under 32 22 N = 27 Analyzed (Stage 1) http://clippings.ilri.org/2015/08/13/tanzania-livestock-modernization-Biological https://asia.ilri.org/2016/01/12/nagaland-breeding-policy/ important gender-related constraints main target populations Administrative Procedures Tanzania Livestock Modernization Initiative, in at least one of the CRP's main target populations And Indicator KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS, DATA Deviation narrative (if actual is more than 10% away from target) (Phase I) journals produced by CRP 10. Number of strategic value chains analyzed by CRP 16.Number of trainees in long-term programs facilitated by CRP Community based livestock breeding Annex 2. Performance indicators for gender mainstreaming with targets defined 2014 2015 Target Actual Target Actual http://hdl.handle.net/10568/56822 Gendered rapid assessment and benchmarking tools for Uganda Smallholder Pig Value chain http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/Uganda+pig+value+chain+bench+marking+tools Toolkit for assessing knowledge attitude practices capacities and incentives of input suppliers on biosecurity for the control of African swine fever in Uganda http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/ASF_KAPCI_Input_suppliers_180315_FINAL.pd f Toolkit for assessing knowledge attitude practices capacities and incentives of extension staff on biosecurity for the control of African swine fever in Uganda http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/Gender+Initiative Questionnaires on gender dynamics in the dairy value chain governance system of Nicaragua https://www.dropbox.com/sh/vthachqprok7s3v/AADNCXpTuo9W-907Flo_Z8l8a?dl=0 Longitudinal monitoring tool for the ADA Genetics Project https://ilri-angr.wikispaces.com/Nicaragua+Project+Tools Focus group discussion guide on assessing gender norms in design and implementation of pig business hubs http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/GTA%20tools%20for%20the%20HUBs.pdf http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/SASI+FP http://livestock-http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/Education-Programmes/prospective-Year+3+%282015%29+final.docx fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/GTA%20tools%20for%20the%20HUBs.pdf and genetics, Wageningen, Netherlands http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/BMZ-GIZ-BNI-Project+Report-# Farm-level GHG and nutrient balance calculator producer level gender-disaggregated L&F value-chain data http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/Gender+Initiative Questionnaires on gender dynamics in the dairy value chain governance system of Nicaragua https://www.dropbox.com/sh/vthachqprok7s3v/AADNCXpTuo9W-907Flo_Z8l8a?dl=0 Longitudinal monitoring tool for the ADA Genetics Project https://ilri-angr.wikispaces.com/Nicaragua+Project+Tools Focus group discussion guide on assessing gender norms in design 5 -Training for MSc students in Summer school in Animal breeding humidicola, various sites in Nicaragua and implementation of Pig business hubs (see Annex 3) 9 14 N= 11 Analysis of wild forages as pig feed in Nagaland, India, South Asia https://www.wageningenur.nl/en/activity/Advanced-course-on-Design-and-implementation-of-breedingprograms-for-smallholder-poultry-farmers.htm 7 -Training on Livestock recording and database management, and 10 54 N = 54 7 -Bachelors 24 -Masters Fish feed mills, Khulna hub, Bangladesh http://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/affordable-quality-feed-helps-programs: Essentials rural-bangladeshi-farmers-grow-more-fish and examples the use of MISTRO livestock recording and monitoring database software for Rwanda Agricultural board, Kigali, Rwanda http://ilri-angr.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trip%20Report-Rwanda-20150717.pdf 2 -Training to farmers on animal breeding management through focus group discussions, Nicaragua http://ilri-research in the CRP Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) potential of Brachiaria initiative-to-improve-livelihoods-of-smallholders-and-boost-food-security/ angr.wikispaces.com/file/view/Report_FDG_Nicaragua_2015_format.pdf (female) POLICIES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Performance Indicator CRP performance approaches CRP performance meets requirements CRP performance exceeds requirements 2016 Target Not set 22 -PhD 28. Numbers of 4 5 requirements N = 19 1 -Other Policies/ Regulations/ 1. Gender inequality targets Sex-disaggregated social data is being Sex-disaggregated social data collected and used to diagnose Pig breeding policy, Nagaland, India defined collected and used to diagnose important gender-related constraints in at least one of the CRP's TECHNOLOGIES/PRACTICES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT 18. Number of technologies/NRM practices under 32 22 N = 27 Analyzed (Stage 1) http://clippings.ilri.org/2015/08/13/tanzania-livestock-modernization-Biological https://asia.ilri.org/2016/01/12/nagaland-breeding-policy/ important gender-related constraints main target populations Administrative Procedures Tanzania Livestock Modernization Initiative, in at least one of the CRP's main target populations And 1. Number of flagship \"products\" produced by CRP 2. % of flagship products produced that have explicit 5. % of tools that have an explicit target of women farmers 7. Number of open access databases maintained by CRP 5 Not set Not set 6 None N/A 24 (60%) 7 6 None N/A http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/VCD+Uganda Gender sensitive toolkit for participatory assessment of livestock disease constraints http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/VCD+Ethiopia Toolkit for Participatory risk assessment of African swine fever in the N = 26 (37%) Uganda Pig Value Chain assessment tools http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/VCD+Uganda -Pig Value Chain Development -Uganda-Uganda Pig Value Chain bench marking assessment tools phkE3a?dl=0 Animal Feeds Analysis Application: http://temp.icarda.org/afawa https://www.dropbox.com/sh/h653mvi9auo6vah/AADdd94H1jjLRsEMwOm Tools and Resources N = 18 GIS layers MoreMilkiT scenarios: Spatial practicalities and master-students/MSc-programmes/MSc-Animal-Sciences/International-Use of Brachiaria humidicola hybrids with high Biological Nitrification Programmes/European-Master-in-Animal-Breeding-and-Genetics/Summer-school-and-minor.htm Inhibition potential to reduce environmental footprint, various implications for Tanzania dairy value chain: http://ilri-cleaned.wikispaces.com/file/view/GeoPortalPGISlayers.zip 3 -Training course in Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Kenya locations globally 5 1 (20%) Not set 1. Number of flagship \"products\" produced by CRP 2. % of flagship products produced that have explicit 5. % of tools that have an explicit target of women farmers 7. Number of open access databases maintained by CRP5 Not set Not set 6None N/A 24 (60%) 76None N/A http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/VCD+Uganda Gender sensitive toolkit for participatory assessment of livestock disease constraints http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/VCD+Ethiopia Toolkit for Participatory risk assessment of African swine fever in the N = 26 (37%) Uganda Pig Value Chain assessment tools http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/VCD+Uganda -Pig Value Chain Development -Uganda-Uganda Pig Value Chain bench marking assessment tools phkE3a?dl=0 Animal Feeds Analysis Application: http://temp.icarda.org/afawa https://www.dropbox.com/sh/h653mvi9auo6vah/AADdd94H1jjLRsEMwOm Tools and Resources N = 18 GIS layers MoreMilkiT scenarios: Spatial practicalities and master-students/MSc-programmes/MSc-Animal-Sciences/International-Use of Brachiaria humidicola hybrids with high Biological Nitrification Programmes/European-Master-in-Animal-Breeding-and-Genetics/Summer-school-and-minor.htm Inhibition potential to reduce environmental footprint, various implications for Tanzania dairy value chain: http://ilri-cleaned.wikispaces.com/file/view/GeoPortalPGISlayers.zip 3 -Training course in Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Kenya locations globally5 1 (20%) Not set target of women farmers/NRM managers 3. % of flagship products produced that have been assessed for likely gender-disaggregated impact 4. Number of tools produced by the CRP 15. Number of trainees in long-term programs 8. Total number of facilitated by CRP publications in ISI users of these open (male) access databases 9. Number of Not set 25 7 Not set 57 N/A 40 50 244,268 48  N/A N = 70 smallholder pig value chains in Uganda http://livestock-http://livestock-SoFT Tropical Forage Selection: http://www.tropicalforages.info 94 -Training of dairy farmers on using weigh bands for predicting the fish.wikispaces.com/Uganda+pig+value+chain+bench+marking+tools DAGRIS (origin, distribution, diversity, present use and status of weight of dairy animals from heart-girth measurements, Senegal fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/Qualitative_VC_assessment%20of%20ASF_18 Tanzania smallholder dairy value chain change pathway indigenous farm animal genetic resources). http://dagris.info http://ilri-0315_FINAL.pdf Toolkit for rapid value chain assessment of animal health and husbandry practices http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/Rapid_assessment_Animal%20Health%20_FIN AL_180315.pdf Toolkit for assessing knowledge attitude practices capacities and incentives of pig producers on biosecurity for the control of African swine fever in Uganda http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Tanzania_dairy_VC_change angr.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Senegal%20Dairy%20Genetics%20training% AZIZI Bio-repository: http://azizi.ilri.cgiar.org 202015.pdf pathway_2015.pdf Nicaragua Value Chain Assessment tools http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/Country+rapid+VC+assessment Gender transformative toolkit for Bangladesh value chain http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/VCA_ENG_Producers_6Feb15_final.docx Animal Genetic Training Resources: http://agtr.ilri.cgiar.org Baseline on improved breeds in Nicaragua (ADA-financed project): N = 63 Law No. 89/1998 concerning government bids and tenders, Egypt 5 -Bachelors GAFRD Decision No. 70/1986 concerning rent and allocation of http://data.ilri.org/portal/dataset/adanicbaseline N = 341,050 30 -Masters GAFRD land, Egypt Baseline FSP-Solidaridad project: http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Informe LB Proyecto Carne y Lácteos competitivos FINAL28OCT.docx Raw feed material nutrient values (Aquaculture Bangladesh): 26 -PhD Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 1132/2007 concerning offering N = 70 aquaculture and hatcheries overseen by GAFRD for rent or lease-2 -Other holding, Egypt Not set 40 Not set Not set 67 target of women farmers/NRM managers 3. % of flagship products produced that have been assessed for likely gender-disaggregated impact 4. Number of tools produced by the CRP 15. Number of trainees in long-term programs 8. Total number of facilitated by CRP publications in ISI users of these open (male) access databases 9. Number ofNot set 25 7 Not set 57N/A 40 50 244,268 48N/A N = 70 smallholder pig value chains in Uganda http://livestock-http://livestock-SoFT Tropical Forage Selection: http://www.tropicalforages.info 94 -Training of dairy farmers on using weigh bands for predicting the fish.wikispaces.com/Uganda+pig+value+chain+bench+marking+tools DAGRIS (origin, distribution, diversity, present use and status of weight of dairy animals from heart-girth measurements, Senegal fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/Qualitative_VC_assessment%20of%20ASF_18 Tanzania smallholder dairy value chain change pathway indigenous farm animal genetic resources). http://dagris.info http://ilri-0315_FINAL.pdf Toolkit for rapid value chain assessment of animal health and husbandry practices http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/Rapid_assessment_Animal%20Health%20_FIN AL_180315.pdf Toolkit for assessing knowledge attitude practices capacities and incentives of pig producers on biosecurity for the control of African swine fever in Uganda http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Tanzania_dairy_VC_change angr.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Senegal%20Dairy%20Genetics%20training% AZIZI Bio-repository: http://azizi.ilri.cgiar.org 202015.pdf pathway_2015.pdf Nicaragua Value Chain Assessment tools http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/Country+rapid+VC+assessment Gender transformative toolkit for Bangladesh value chain http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/view/VCA_ENG_Producers_6Feb15_final.docx Animal Genetic Training Resources: http://agtr.ilri.cgiar.org Baseline on improved breeds in Nicaragua (ADA-financed project): N = 63 Law No. 89/1998 concerning government bids and tenders, Egypt 5 -Bachelors GAFRD Decision No. 70/1986 concerning rent and allocation of http://data.ilri.org/portal/dataset/adanicbaseline N = 341,050 30 -Masters GAFRD land, Egypt Baseline FSP-Solidaridad project: http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Informe LB Proyecto Carne y Lácteos competitivos FINAL28OCT.docx Raw feed material nutrient values (Aquaculture Bangladesh): 26 -PhD Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 1132/2007 concerning offering N = 70 aquaculture and hatcheries overseen by GAFRD for rent or lease-2 -Other holding, EgyptNot set 40 Not set Not set 67      45 53 45 53  "}],"sieverID":"71bb9b9b-2e3d-4aa3-98f5-fb332b7fb1af","abstract":"CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food-secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world. The Program brings together five partners: the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) with a mandate on livestock; WorldFish with a mandate on aquaculture; the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), which works on forages; the International Center for Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), which works on small ruminants; and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) which provides expertise particularly in animal health and genetics. http://livestockfish.cgiar.orgThe Program thanks all donors and organizations who globally supported its work through their contributions to the CGIAR Fund."}