What is the Roman numeral for five hundred?
25657#10
The hundredth or was marked with a box or circle. Thus 500 was like a superimposed on a or — that is, like a with a cross bar,— becoming or by the time of Augustus, under the graphic influence of the letter . It was later identified "as" the letter D; an alternative symbol for "thousand" was a bracketed (or ), and half of a thousand or "five hundred" is the right half of the symbol, (or ), and this may have been converted into . This at least was the etymology given to it later on.
Roman numerals
6134187#15
The Greeks employed Attic numeration, which was based on the system of the Egyptians and was later adapted and used by the Romans. Greek numerals one through four were vertical lines, as in the hieroglyphics. The symbol for five was the Greek letter Π (pi), which is the letter of the Greek word for five, "pente". Numbers six through nine were "pente" with vertical lines next to it. Ten was represented by the letter (Δ) of the word for ten, "deka", one hundred by the letter from the word for hundred, etc.
History of mathematical notation
1124696#0
The long hundred, great hundred, or twelfty is the "hundred" of six score (120) used in Germanic languages prior to the 15th century. The number was simply described as hundred and translated into Latin in Germanic-speaking countries as (Roman numeral c.), but the qualifier "long" is now added because present English uses the word "hundred" exclusively to refer to the number of five score (100) instead.
Long hundred
732574#1
The notation is similar to the older Roman numerals for numbers 1 to 9 "(I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII,IX)". Unlike the Roman notation, there are only symbols for numbers one ("I") and five ("U"). In inscriptions the notches are placed vertically on the stem or "stav" of the rune. The number 4 is represented by four horizontal lines on the stem, 5 is represented by what looks like an inverted letter U. 10 is represented by two U's opposing each other. Numbers up to 19, or even 20, can be represented by a combination of I's and U's, just like the Roman numerals are represented by combinations of I's and V's. (A Roman 10 is represented by two V's opposing each other).
Pentimal system
25657#3
The numbers from 1 to 10 (including subtractive notation for 4 and 9) are expressed in Roman numerals as follows:
The system being basically decimal, "tens and hundreds follow the same underlying pattern". This is the key to understanding Roman numerals:
Roman numerals
42799#34
Deciding how to convert numbers is another problem that TTS systems have to address. It is a simple programming challenge to convert a number into words (at least in English), like "1325" becoming "one thousand three hundred twenty-five." However, numbers occur in many different contexts; "1325" may also be read as "one three two five", "thirteen twenty-five" or "thirteen hundred and twenty five". A TTS system can often infer how to expand a number based on surrounding words, numbers, and punctuation, and sometimes the system provides a way to specify the context if it is ambiguous. Roman numerals can also be read differently depending on context. For example, "Henry VIII" reads as "Henry the Eighth", while "Chapter VIII" reads as "Chapter Eight".
Speech synthesis
208151#2
The Roman numeral for ten is X (which looks like two Vs [the Roman numeral for 5] put together); it is thought that the V for five is derived from an open hand (five digits displayed), and X for ten from both hands. Incidentally, the Chinese word numeral for ten, is also a cross: .
10
25657#7
Many numbers include hundreds, units and tens. The Roman numeral system being basically decimal, each power of ten is added in descending sequence from left to right, as with Arabic numerals. For example:As each power of ten (or "place") has its own notation there is no need for place keeping zeros, so "missing places" are ignored, as in Latin (and English) speech, thus:Roman numerals for large numbers are nowadays seen mainly in the form of year numbers (other uses are detailed later in this article), as in these examples:The "standard" forms described above reflect typical modern usage rather than an unchanging and universally accepted convention. Usage in ancient Rome varied greatly and remained inconsistent in medieval times. There is still no official "binding" standard, which makes the elaborate "rules" used in some sources to distinguish between "correct" and "incorrect" forms highly problematic.Although Roman numerals came to be written with letters of the Roman alphabet, they were originally independent symbols. The Etruscans, for example, used , , , , , and for , , , , , and , of which only and happened to be letters in their alphabet.
Roman numerals
25657#50
Another inconsistent medieval usage was the addition of "vertical" lines (or brackets) before and after the numeral to multiply it by 10 (or 100): thus ' for 10,000 as an alternative form for '. In combination with the overline the bracketed forms might be used to raise the multiplier to (say) ten (or one hundred) thousand, thus:
Through all this, and whether any kind of vinculum notation or "barring" needs to be revived or not, this needs to be distinguished from the custom, once very common, of adding both underline and overline to a Roman numeral, simply to make it clear that it "is" a number, e.g. .
Roman numerals
25657#47
Any hundreds, tens or units in the number are written in ordinary Roman numerals - but instead of , or , "barred" notation is used to express the thousands - which greatly expands the range of numbers expressible.
Roman numerals