What is an object in Ruby?
509999#58
In Ruby, several objects can be considered function objects, in particular Method and Proc objects. Ruby also has two kinds of objects that can be thought of as semi-function objects: UnboundMethod and block. UnboundMethods must first be bound to an object (thus becoming a Method) before they can be used as a function object. Blocks can be called like function objects, but to be used in any other capacity as an object (e.g. passed as an argument) they must first be converted to a Proc. More recently, symbols (accessed via the literal unary indicator codice_35) can also be converted to codice_36s. Using Ruby's unary codice_37 operator—equivalent to calling codice_38 on an object, and assuming that method exists—the Ruby Extensions Project created a simple hack.
Function object
25768#33
Matsumoto defined it this way in an interview:Ruby is object-oriented: every value is an object, including classes and instances of types that many other languages designate as primitives (such as integers, booleans, and "null"). Variables always hold references to objects. Every function is a method and methods are always called on an object. Methods defined at the top level scope become methods of the Object class. Since this class is an ancestor of every other class, such methods can be called on any object. They are also visible in all scopes, effectively serving as "global" procedures. Ruby supports inheritance with dynamic dispatch, mixins and singleton methods (belonging to, and defined for, a single instance rather than being defined on the class). Though Ruby does not support multiple inheritance, classes can import modules as mixins.
Ruby (programming language)
390415#2
Type introspection is a core feature of Ruby. In Ruby, the Object class (ancestor of every class) provides Object#instance_of? and Object#kind_of? methods for checking the instance's class. The latter returns true when the particular instance the message was sent to is an instance of a descendant of the class in question. For example, consider the following example code (you can immediately try this with the Interactive Ruby Shell):
Type introspection
21968650#9
The following example demonstrates two facts (describing what "father" is) and one rule (describing the "meaning" of "sibling"). These three sentences use symbols (father, zeus, hermes, perseus and sibling) and some abstract variables (X, Y and Z). The "mother" relationship has been omitted for clarity.
In Ruby, symbols can be created with a literal form, or by converting a string.
They can be used as an identifier or an interned string. Two symbols with the same contents will always refer to the same object.
It is considered a best practice to use symbols as keys to an associative array in Ruby.
Symbol (programming)
25768#34
Ruby has been described as a multi-paradigm programming language: it allows procedural programming (defining functions/variables outside classes makes them part of the root, 'self' Object), with object orientation (everything is an object) or functional programming (it has anonymous functions, closures, and continuations; statements all have values, and functions return the last evaluation). It has support for introspection, reflection and metaprogramming, as well as support for interpreter-based threads. Ruby features dynamic typing, and supports parametric polymorphism.
Ruby (programming language)
509999#60
Because of the variety of forms, the term Functor is not generally used in Ruby to mean a Function object.
Just a type of dispatch delegation introduced by the Ruby Facets project is named as Functor. The most basic definition of which is:
Function object
25768#3
Matsumoto describes the design of Ruby as being like a simple Lisp language at its core, with an object system like that of Smalltalk, blocks inspired by higher-order functions, and practical utility like that of Perl.
Ruby (programming language)
230418#30
In Ruby, all objects inherit two methods for performing shallow copies, clone and dup. The two methods differ in that codice_33 copies an object's tainted state, frozen state, and any singleton methods it may have, whereas codice_34 copies only its tainted state. Deep copies may be achieved by dumping and loading an object's byte stream or YAML serialization. Alternatively, you can use the deep_dive gem to do a controlled deep copy of your object graphs.
Object copying
49274271#0
Geocoder (Ruby) is a geocoding library for Ruby. Geocoding helps to enhance webpages by presenting location relevant information to the user. When used with Rails, Geocoder adds geocoding functionality such as finding coordinates with street addresses or vice versa in addition to distance calculations for ActiveRecord objects. Since the functionality does not rely on proprietary database functions, finding different geocoded objects in an area works out-of-the-box for databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite.
Geocoder (Ruby)
30024856#5
In May 2011, it was revealed that Ruby is illiterate. Ruby gets her friend, Sinead O'Connor (Stephanie Davis) to write a love letter from their friend, Esther Bloom (Jazmine Franks), to teaching assistant, Amy Barnes (Ashley Slanina-Davies). Shaffer told a columnist from "Inside Soap" that Ruby and Sinead "come up with all this ridiculous, over-the-top stuff" and put up copies of the letter around school. Amy discovers what Ruby and Sinead have done and asks them to write apology letters to Esther. Shaffer explained that Ruby seems worried and does everything she can to get out of writing the letter. Explaining the situation, Shaffer told "Inside Soap" [...] "Sinead realises that it's not because Ruby doesn't want to write the letter - it's because she can't". Esther discovers Ruby's illiteracy and decides to help. Esther's grandmother, Frankie Osborne (Helen Pearson), learns of Ruby's treatment of Esther and threatens to throw her out. However, Esther convinces Frankie to let Ruby stay when she reveals her illiteracy. Esther also tells their school headteacher, Pete Hamill (Peter Mitchell). Shaffer opined that Ruby is grateful to Esther as Ruby "wouldn't have the guts". The actress added that it was "nice" to see Ruby's vulnerability, but said it would not last.
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