query_id
stringlengths 1
4
| query
stringlengths 11
129
| positive_passages
list | negative_passages
list | emb
sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | When was quantum field theory developed? | [
{
"docid": "2078963#10",
"text": "The third thread in the development of quantum field theory was the need to handle the statistics of many-particle systems consistently and with ease. In 1927, Pascual Jordan tried to extend the canonical quantization of fields to the many-body wave functions of identical particles using a formalism which is known as statistical transformation theory; this procedure is now sometimes called second quantization. In 1928, Jordan and Eugene Wigner found that the quantum field describing electrons, or other fermions, had to be expanded using anti-commuting creation and annihilation operators due to the Pauli exclusion principle (see Jordan–Wigner transformation). This thread of development was incorporated into many-body theory and strongly influenced condensed matter physics and nuclear physics.",
"title": "History of quantum field theory"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "25267#2",
"text": "As a successful theoretical framework today, quantum field theory emerged from the work of generations of theoretical physicists spanning much of the 20th century. Its development began in the 1920s with the description of interactions between light and electrons, culminating in the first quantum field theory — quantum electrodynamics. A major theoretical obstacle soon followed with the appearance and persistence of various infinities in perturbative calculations, a problem only resolved in the 1950s with the invention of the renormalization procedure. A second major barrier came with QFT's apparent inability to describe the weak and strong interactions, to the point where some theorists called for the abandonment of the field theoretic approach. The development of gauge theory and the completion of the Standard Model in the 1970s led to a renaissance of quantum field theory.",
"title": "Quantum field theory"
},
{
"docid": "20728#12",
"text": "The application of the new quantum theory to electromagnetism resulted in quantum field theory, which was developed starting around 1930. Quantum field theory has driven the development of more sophisticated formulations of quantum mechanics, of which the ones presented here are simple special cases.",
"title": "Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics"
},
{
"docid": "2078963#15",
"text": "Two classic text-books from the 1960s, James D. Bjorken, Sidney David Drell, \"Relativistic Quantum Mechanics\" (1964) and J. J. Sakurai, \"Advanced Quantum Mechanics\" (1967), thoroughly developed the Feynman graph expansion techniques using physically intuitive and practical methods following from the correspondence principle, without worrying about the technicalities involved in deriving the Feynman rules from the superstructure of quantum field theory itself. Although both Feynman's heuristic and pictorial style of dealing with the infinities, as well as the formal methods of Tomonaga and Schwinger, worked extremely well, and gave spectacularly accurate answers, the true analytical nature of the question of \"renormalizability\", that is, whether ANY theory formulated as a \"quantum field theory\" would give finite answers, was not worked-out until much later, when the urgency of trying to formulate finite theories for the strong and electro-weak (and gravitational interactions) demanded its solution.",
"title": "History of quantum field theory"
},
{
"docid": "2078963#6",
"text": "It was evident from the beginning that a proper quantum treatment of the electromagnetic field had to somehow incorporate Einstein's relativity theory, which had grown out of the study of classical electromagnetism. This need to put together relativity and quantum mechanics was the second major motivation in the development of quantum field theory. Pascual Jordan and Wolfgang Pauli showed in 1928 that quantum fields could be made to behave in the way predicted by special relativity during coordinate transformations (specifically, they showed that the field commutators were Lorentz invariant). A further boost for quantum field theory came with the discovery of the Dirac equation, which was originally formulated and interpreted as a single-particle equation analogous to the Schrödinger equation, but unlike the Schrödinger equation, the Dirac equation satisfies both the Lorentz invariance, that is, the requirements of special relativity, and the rules of quantum mechanics. \nThe Dirac equation accommodated the spin-1/2 value of the electron and accounted for its magnetic moment as well as giving accurate predictions for the spectra of hydrogen.",
"title": "History of quantum field theory"
},
{
"docid": "25267#12",
"text": "Through the works of Born, Heisenberg, and Pascual Jordan in 1925-1926, a quantum theory of the free electromagnetic field (one with no interactions with matter) was developed via canonical quantization by treating the electromagnetic field as a set of quantum harmonic oscillators. With the exclusion of interactions, however, such a theory was yet incapable of making quantitative predictions about the real world.",
"title": "Quantum field theory"
},
{
"docid": "25202#39",
"text": "Early attempts to merge quantum mechanics with special relativity involved the replacement of the Schrödinger equation with a covariant equation such as the Klein–Gordon equation or the Dirac equation. While these theories were successful in explaining many experimental results, they had certain unsatisfactory qualities stemming from their neglect of the relativistic creation and annihilation of particles. A fully relativistic quantum theory required the development of quantum field theory, which applies quantization to a field (rather than a fixed set of particles). The first complete quantum field theory, quantum electrodynamics, provides a fully quantum description of the electromagnetic interaction. The full apparatus of quantum field theory is often unnecessary for describing electrodynamic systems. A simpler approach, one that has been employed since the inception of quantum mechanics, is to treat charged particles as quantum mechanical objects being acted on by a classical electromagnetic field. For example, the elementary quantum model of the hydrogen atom describes the electric field of the hydrogen atom using a classical formula_2 Coulomb potential. This \"semi-classical\" approach fails if quantum fluctuations in the electromagnetic field play an important role, such as in the emission of photons by charged particles.",
"title": "Quantum mechanics"
},
{
"docid": "2796131#75",
"text": "The idea of quantum field theory began in the late 1920s with British physicist [[Paul Dirac]], when he attempted to [[quantization (physics)|quantise]] the [[electromagnetic field]] – a procedure for constructing a quantum theory starting from a classical theory.",
"title": "Introduction to quantum mechanics"
},
{
"docid": "1057601#3",
"text": "Since the end of the eighties, the local quantum field theory approach due to Rudolf Haag and Daniel Kastler has been implemented in order to include an algebraic version of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Indeed, the viewpoint of local quantum physics is suitable to generalize the renormalization procedure to the theory of quantum fields developed on curved backgrounds. Several rigorous results concerning QFT in the presence of a black hole have been obtained. In particular the algebraic approach allows one to deal with the problems, above mentioned, arising from the absence of a preferred reference vacuum state, the absence of a natural notion of particle and the appearance of unitarily inequivalent representations of the algebra of observables. (See these lecture notes",
"title": "Quantum field theory in curved spacetime"
},
{
"docid": "25312#23",
"text": "Quantum field theory on curved (non-Minkowskian) backgrounds, while not a full quantum theory of gravity, has shown many promising early results. In an analogous way to the development of quantum electrodynamics in the early part of the 20th century (when physicists considered quantum mechanics in classical electromagnetic fields), the consideration of quantum field theory on a curved background has led to predictions such as black hole radiation.",
"title": "Quantum gravity"
}
] | [
0.1349826455116272,
0.3212483823299408,
0.027029672637581825,
0.0582411028444767,
0.1439954936504364,
-0.3150668740272522,
0.5459797978401184,
-0.2621799111366272,
-0.1479085236787796,
0.0360972099006176,
-0.2668660581111908,
0.08863873034715652,
-0.404296875,
-0.05316395312547684,
-0.5374348759651184,
-0.2888725996017456,
0.5199110507965088,
0.1231892928481102,
-0.1214582622051239,
0.020557403564453125,
-0.1250966340303421,
0.3691135048866272,
-0.0589701347053051,
0.2394476979970932,
0.19403076171875,
0.2700466513633728,
-0.2899034321308136,
0.3045925498008728,
-0.0570949986577034,
0.5765516757965088,
0.2352973073720932,
-0.05548858642578125,
0.0609300397336483,
0.3887125551700592,
-0.6417372226715088,
0.3300238847732544,
0.2532958984375,
-0.20873938500881195,
0.11433463543653488,
0.198822021484375,
0.0647515207529068,
0.016824934631586075,
-0.1057840958237648,
-0.1048109233379364,
0.036418065428733826,
0.228759765625,
0.1461215615272522,
-0.2221696674823761,
-0.3341878354549408,
-0.01856485940515995,
-0.3971896767616272,
-0.00494384765625,
-0.09389008581638336,
-0.390625,
0.0149519182741642,
0.5314670205116272,
-0.3003031313419342,
0.3117879331111908,
-0.5913628339767456,
0.5443522334098816,
0.4166395366191864,
0.1261834055185318,
-0.0509372279047966,
-0.1962009072303772,
-0.1020965576171875,
0.3073188066482544,
-0.04053327813744545,
0.2467583566904068,
-0.0740966796875,
0.2775743305683136,
0.010126961395144463,
0.3727349042892456,
0.3672960102558136,
0.105987548828125,
-0.0178968645632267,
0.3540852963924408,
-0.1434495747089386,
0.4014756977558136,
0.2049560546875,
-0.2899101972579956,
0.3500162661075592,
-0.3875868022441864,
0.2102796733379364,
0.4109700620174408,
-0.1444125771522522,
0.3865017294883728,
-0.4476725161075592,
0.1861029714345932,
-0.10544034838676453,
0.3466254472732544,
-0.4010688066482544,
0.0305497907102108,
0.015262603759765625,
-0.0578375905752182,
-0.043904200196266174,
0.3184000551700592,
0.2607015073299408,
-0.5254719853401184,
-0.060518477112054825,
-0.3775126039981842,
-0.0098499720916152,
-0.2137858122587204,
-0.4862196147441864,
0.6219618320465088,
0.1008436381816864,
-0.3289659321308136,
-0.24924299120903015,
-0.027966393157839775,
0.0880839005112648,
0.3782009482383728,
0.1221177875995636,
-0.2699110209941864,
0.1635318398475647,
-0.10799577832221985,
0.02043374441564083,
0.011367744766175747,
0.2407107949256897,
0.0338948555290699,
-0.201568603515625,
-0.9270833134651184,
0.313232421875,
0.29254150390625,
-0.29144540429115295,
0.1034444198012352,
-0.3219943642616272,
-0.1383565217256546,
0.5205078125,
0.04529232531785965,
0.5365397334098816,
0.5304904580116272,
-0.2704806923866272,
0.4085557758808136,
0.7511935830116272,
0.4169921875,
-0.013103908859193325,
0.2645128071308136,
0.0924140065908432,
0.3394368588924408,
0.1673227995634079,
-0.5703938603401184,
-0.1370646208524704,
0.17425537109375,
0.2491997629404068,
0.5121527910232544,
-0.3358832597732544,
0.2707112729549408,
-0.0402865931391716,
0.4457193911075592,
0.07995902001857758,
0.2179463654756546,
0.4193793535232544,
0.3042365312576294,
0.0938771590590477,
0.3147243857383728,
0.09651412069797516,
0.3098280131816864,
0.4674750566482544,
-0.1262393593788147,
0.2545640766620636,
0.01241387240588665,
0.6752387285232544,
0.2180701345205307,
0.2265964150428772,
0.0297868512570858,
-0.1879730224609375,
0.28173828125,
-0.1399790495634079,
0.2112986296415329,
0.4994032084941864,
-0.13494914770126343,
-0.3743760883808136,
0.03342946246266365,
0.3077053427696228,
-0.2846950888633728,
-0.053721215575933456,
0.3013916015625,
-0.5042860507965088,
0.07863447070121765,
0.03124237060546875,
-0.0026497310027480125,
-0.01042132917791605,
0.14942210912704468,
0.2513563334941864,
0.224700927734375,
0.5721842646598816,
0.2131551057100296,
-0.08912573754787445,
-0.0328165702521801,
-0.0589497871696949,
0.2488132119178772,
0.1372578889131546,
-0.15955466032028198,
0.24627685546875,
0.07745467126369476,
-0.03122369386255741,
0.2211591899394989,
-0.4361165463924408,
0.4650607705116272,
0.03590478003025055,
0.4538031816482544,
-0.1382921040058136,
0.027368836104869843,
-0.3140190839767456,
0.1443210244178772,
0.1687418669462204,
-0.4415961503982544,
-0.0444929338991642,
0.015753163024783134,
-0.2685953676700592,
0.1447889506816864,
0.2890794575214386,
0.08837805688381195,
0.4833624064922333,
0.1499159038066864,
-0.0247472133487463,
0.06996430456638336,
-0.0524834543466568,
-0.061279296875,
0.4364420473575592,
0.0964423269033432,
-0.10974375158548355,
0.4850260317325592,
-0.4189046323299408,
0.0454661063849926,
-0.0075872209854424,
-0.0432535819709301,
0.15020751953125,
-0.3003743588924408,
0.126800537109375,
0.2575141191482544,
0.2300618439912796,
0.2398952841758728,
0.1878017783164978,
-0.5394694209098816,
0.4048122763633728,
0.3084987998008728,
0.6477864384651184,
-0.0930616557598114,
0.1290351003408432,
0.18565791845321655,
0.1315985769033432,
0.2989027202129364,
0.0017753177089616656,
-0.1851806640625,
0.3911675214767456,
-0.2451409250497818,
0.3353407084941864,
0.293016642332077,
-0.2726915180683136,
-0.2158474326133728,
0.1632961630821228,
-0.4119873046875,
-0.3312717080116272,
0.1292622834444046,
-0.5089518427848816,
0.0666944682598114,
-0.0150468610227108,
0.3568183183670044,
-0.00910017266869545,
0.156097412109375,
0.1628757119178772,
0.0574781633913517,
0.2178276926279068,
0.3276773989200592,
-0.5426432490348816,
-0.2532009482383728,
0.576171875,
0.4413791298866272,
0.2531636655330658,
0.1375969797372818,
0.5551215410232544,
-0.4537489116191864,
-0.0523715540766716,
0.3997395932674408,
-0.4606119692325592,
0.08047739416360855,
0.09221712499856949,
-0.016299353912472725,
-0.2941216230392456,
0.0242750383913517,
0.5362412929534912,
0.2542249858379364,
-0.2398410439491272,
0.3425649106502533,
0.2567681074142456,
0.4165852963924408,
-0.4844292402267456,
-0.3729248046875,
-0.1832173615694046,
-0.03867144137620926,
0.01680501364171505,
0.1836751252412796,
-0.2108561247587204,
-0.126748189330101,
0.0652126744389534,
0.1287502646446228,
0.1828545480966568,
0.1545817106962204,
0.2398681640625,
-0.2273152619600296,
0.5078125,
-0.56298828125,
-0.1188930943608284,
0.7269965410232544,
0.1032392680644989,
-0.084716796875,
-0.2913953959941864,
0.1280992329120636,
-0.0637563094496727,
0.3728162944316864,
0.5716416835784912,
-0.5366753339767456,
-0.2261284738779068,
0.1894022673368454,
0.5448133945465088,
0.5716416835784912,
-0.0690205916762352,
0.0608656145632267,
0.4675835371017456,
0.01969400979578495,
-0.1558159738779068,
-0.4651692807674408,
-0.4149034321308136,
0.1426120400428772,
0.0705973282456398,
-0.5791286826133728,
0.3158908486366272,
-0.09896808117628098,
0.27386474609375,
0.2748141884803772,
0.31625619530677795,
0.1805962473154068,
-0.04016706719994545,
-0.0319315604865551,
-0.1929456889629364,
-0.0449150949716568,
-0.0994466170668602,
0.3865424394607544,
0.09969457238912582,
-0.15966796875,
0.1366102397441864,
-0.0385623499751091,
0.0313364677131176,
0.2703721821308136,
0.0032573277130723,
0.0197007916867733,
-0.4564887285232544,
-0.1426493376493454,
-0.0514458566904068,
0.1740519255399704,
0.1104075089097023,
-0.4071180522441864,
0.1388227641582489,
0.2754584550857544,
0.016784826293587685,
0.1479288786649704,
0.3882378339767456,
0.3211398720741272,
0.2965359091758728,
-0.2270440012216568,
0.4884440004825592,
-0.03138139471411705,
0.45166015625,
-0.1071692556142807,
0.2677747905254364,
0.2390543669462204,
0.07995520532131195,
-0.4540473222732544,
-0.0332726389169693,
0.5479600429534912,
0.0891401469707489,
-0.2017720490694046,
0.2255723774433136,
-0.1080949604511261,
-0.2487657368183136,
0.1258917897939682,
0.2623019814491272,
0.04131158068776131,
0.4311252236366272,
0.3938802182674408,
-0.06795331835746765,
0.5238173007965088,
0.6682400107383728,
0.1206461563706398,
0.0383690744638443,
-0.0305167306214571,
-0.3101314902305603,
-0.1221245676279068,
-0.0645802840590477,
-0.08857472985982895,
0.3838975727558136,
-0.1248135045170784,
-0.0837131068110466,
-0.1566450297832489,
-0.3870985209941864,
-0.2033894807100296,
0.021567927673459053,
0.2564493715763092,
0.0784793421626091,
-0.0584937185049057,
0.02695634588599205,
0.1824951171875,
0.3846435546875,
0.3519693911075592,
4.138020992279053,
-0.2096625417470932,
0.4278428852558136,
-0.4047173261642456,
-0.2791883647441864,
0.1284213662147522,
0.1186336949467659,
0.1754692941904068,
0.2426486611366272,
0.0242886021733284,
-0.1286892294883728,
-0.010906338691711426,
0.1241963729262352,
0.11561182141304016,
0.034526824951171875,
0.08245325088500977,
0.2772420346736908,
0.1620347797870636,
0.1736890971660614,
0.0975901260972023,
-0.441650390625,
0.5373806357383728,
0.1329345703125,
0.1162397563457489,
0.1562042236328125,
0.10569635778665543,
0.1699744313955307,
0.0796068012714386,
0.5464951992034912,
0.4091254472732544,
0.3450927734375,
-0.1473558247089386,
0.0755140483379364,
0.04614681750535965,
-0.8309462070465088,
-0.0704888254404068,
0.3419596254825592,
-0.06756734848022461,
0.1020728200674057,
0.07266298681497574,
-0.2738918662071228,
0.1506822407245636,
-0.0909847691655159,
0.3050808310508728,
0.3101535439491272,
-0.3945176899433136,
0.07637129724025726,
0.5308159589767456,
0.2283494770526886,
-0.11565569043159485,
0.1800096333026886,
-0.017521964386105537,
-0.0093303257599473,
0.011715571396052837,
0.3612738847732544,
0.4542914628982544,
0.1602444052696228,
0.60595703125,
-0.3200141191482544,
0.082977294921875,
0.03871578723192215,
-0.2978380024433136,
-0.19713719189167023,
0.1488850861787796,
-0.1015777587890625,
0.1594204306602478,
0.5144314169883728,
0.212371826171875,
0.2607625424861908,
-0.013071696273982525,
0.0861579030752182,
0.3859592080116272,
0.2198011577129364,
-0.2638956606388092,
-0.1791110634803772,
-0.3891872763633728,
-0.21775054931640625,
-0.09368896484375,
-0.165985107421875,
0.0621100515127182,
-0.1784990131855011,
-0.2477620393037796,
0.1082407608628273,
-0.06267508864402771,
0.07552167773246765,
0.5307345986366272,
0.345947265625,
-0.1848619282245636,
0.2393798828125,
0.1956804096698761,
0.2293836772441864,
0.1182691752910614,
0.2263726145029068,
0.2493353933095932,
0.3916015625,
0.2156340330839157,
-0.2618679404258728,
-3.999131917953491,
0.2501085102558136,
-0.03759002685546875,
0.0736592635512352,
0.0819227397441864,
0.1787651926279068,
0.041000790894031525,
0.3710530698299408,
-0.3063829243183136,
0.2420654296875,
-0.0363837331533432,
0.13255564868450165,
-0.1863081157207489,
0.2826741635799408,
-0.0102691650390625,
0.05617353692650795,
0.3538140058517456,
0.1030985489487648,
0.3218451738357544,
-0.0368550606071949,
-0.2857801616191864,
-0.18018341064453125,
0.5106065273284912,
-0.15517425537109375,
0.5364311933517456,
0.1155141219496727,
0.2973158061504364,
-0.0740797221660614,
0.1783108115196228,
0.22613525390625,
-0.10205459594726562,
0.3045874834060669,
0.6730685830116272,
-0.1564127653837204,
0.3984917402267456,
0.5607638955116272,
-0.0633273646235466,
0.1507754921913147,
0.1213141530752182,
0.4746636152267456,
-0.2589314877986908,
0.1623738557100296,
0.09489355981349945,
0.051657360047101974,
0.09670469164848328,
0.4718831479549408,
-0.1982761025428772,
0.04473876953125,
0.0560726597905159,
0.06334969401359558,
0.2330864816904068,
0.4219292402267456,
-0.0105429757386446,
-0.1023457869887352,
0.3945854902267456,
0.3173014223575592,
0.06227705255150795,
0.4334987998008728,
0.08849801123142242,
0.1068742573261261,
0.2065836638212204,
0.4537217915058136,
0.1996799111366272,
0.01853434182703495,
0.3067287802696228,
-0.11549726873636246,
0.4045274555683136,
0.4977213442325592,
0.3524848222732544,
-0.4285888671875,
0.4487033486366272,
0.2765028178691864,
0.2304484099149704,
-0.07167477160692215,
0.4414604902267456,
0.004963901359587908,
-0.3373073935508728,
-0.2561306357383728,
0.5642903447151184,
0.3427903950214386,
-0.1650865375995636,
-0.1229654923081398,
-0.428955078125,
0.0347713902592659,
2.390516519546509,
0.12291208654642105,
2.1432292461395264,
0.3482123613357544,
0.018492169678211212,
0.0804460346698761,
0.1031138077378273,
0.04636891558766365,
0.1319979578256607,
0.13548724353313446,
-0.1611735075712204,
0.2557886838912964,
-0.2007921040058136,
0.1867828369140625,
0.03076850064098835,
-0.4209526777267456,
0.26751708984375,
-1.1602647304534912,
0.18519210815429688,
-0.0305777657777071,
0.1608344167470932,
0.146240234375,
0.1644863486289978,
0.6960720419883728,
-0.082977294921875,
0.025466494262218475,
-0.04839515686035156,
0.0349171943962574,
-0.010784996673464775,
0.005321078933775425,
-0.1505398154258728,
0.1885952353477478,
0.1749267578125,
0.3716362714767456,
-0.13630379736423492,
0.5368109941482544,
-0.042564816772937775,
4.697482585906982,
0.3803032636642456,
0.0086284214630723,
0.2560763955116272,
0.3301188051700592,
0.4081556499004364,
0.4957139790058136,
-0.1040869802236557,
-0.0441623255610466,
-0.2250010222196579,
-0.1116197407245636,
0.2389458566904068,
-0.06523937731981277,
-0.0324978306889534,
0.2690022885799408,
0.0737643763422966,
-0.0631052628159523,
0.1964484304189682,
-0.1373511403799057,
0.2009684294462204,
0.2901340126991272,
0.1927524209022522,
0.4551323652267456,
-0.08304426074028015,
-0.014556884765625,
-0.053951844573020935,
-0.1278449147939682,
-0.1531236469745636,
-0.0430704765021801,
0.7124565839767456,
0.3283352255821228,
5.520833492279053,
0.0374111607670784,
0.3160535991191864,
-0.2901204526424408,
-0.135406494140625,
0.1378241628408432,
-0.1449534147977829,
0.0687238872051239,
0.0078125,
0.006596459075808525,
-0.1788262277841568,
-0.3289116621017456,
-0.14117431640625,
0.4004584550857544,
0.2720811665058136,
0.4412027895450592,
0.04034678265452385,
0.0944230854511261,
0.0758853480219841,
-0.1762288361787796,
0.3139173686504364,
0.0652092844247818,
0.5984971523284912,
-0.3535495400428772,
0.0009087456855922937,
-0.011763042770326138,
-0.14570702612400055,
0.3630913496017456,
0.0466274693608284,
-0.010919570922851562,
0.3508571982383728,
0.3785535991191864,
-0.1701592355966568,
0.1023000106215477,
0.011149088852107525,
0.3305392861366272,
0.4718695878982544,
0.1285502165555954,
0.18145836889743805,
-0.08436308801174164,
0.2974989116191864,
0.2918701171875,
0.00033039518166333437,
-0.2326253205537796,
0.2848035991191864,
-0.2062242329120636,
-0.0220608189702034,
0.3721109926700592,
0.0891927108168602,
-0.1147443950176239,
0.1837632954120636,
-0.013509114272892475,
0.9943034052848816,
0.98583984375,
0.8224826455116272,
0.2215169221162796,
-0.16719013452529907,
0.2832845151424408,
0.05207061767578125,
-0.004756026901304722,
0.2682155966758728,
-0.0903405100107193,
0.1971028596162796,
0.2710910439491272,
0.5384114384651184,
0.2051798552274704,
0.3499077558517456,
-0.1594713032245636,
0.6768662929534912,
-0.3762478232383728,
0.08689001202583313,
0.3077528178691864,
0.1587321013212204,
0.15479718148708344,
0.0599127858877182,
-0.1655985563993454,
-0.036863114684820175,
-0.2955593466758728,
-0.0932803675532341,
-0.1340128630399704,
-0.3888888955116272,
-0.09001795202493668,
-0.1088545024394989,
-0.0012164645595476031,
-0.027301575988531113,
-0.41357421875,
-0.1842736154794693,
-0.051776036620140076,
0.05970849096775055,
0.09148406982421875,
0.0848659947514534,
-0.1235436350107193,
-0.2791748046875,
0.5702582597732544,
0.04959360882639885,
0.1089257150888443,
0.5876193642616272,
0.4536946713924408,
-0.1549157053232193,
0.3461642861366272,
-0.10665480047464371,
0.2946099042892456,
-0.1858588308095932,
0.01880698651075363,
0.1867743581533432,
-0.0699293315410614,
0.024122025817632675,
0.1375189870595932,
0.0130928885191679,
0.1657986044883728,
0.5740830898284912,
0.1615125834941864,
-0.1353251188993454,
-0.2093845009803772,
-0.0745730921626091
] |
4 | How long does a philosophy degree take? | [
{
"docid": "167241#115",
"text": "Doctoral degrees or doctorates, such as the Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD or DPhil) or Doctor of Education (EdD or DEd) are awarded following a programme of original research that contributes new knowledge within the context of the student's discipline. Doctoral degrees usually take three years full-time. Therefore, in the UK it may only take seven years to progress from undergraduate to doctoral level – in some cases six, since having a Master's is not always a precondition for embarking on a doctoral degree. This contrasts with nine years in the United States, reflecting differences in the educational systems.",
"title": "Academic degree"
},
{
"docid": "2297173#1",
"text": "The Master of Philosophy is offered by many universities in Australia, and it is often the only option to undertake a master's degree in select schools. In Australia, the Master of Philosophy is a research degree which mirrors a Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) in breadth of research and structure. The candidates are assessed solely on the basis of a thesis. A standard full-time degree often takes two years to complete. The Australian National University, University of Sydney, Curtin University, Griffith University and Melbourne University are also examples of Australian universities offering Masters of Philosophy.",
"title": "Master of Philosophy"
},
{
"docid": "1451630#8",
"text": "The University of Western Australia also offers the Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.) course for high-achieving new students. This is a research intensive degree which takes four years instead of the usual three for the other bachelor's degrees. Students studying the course choose disciplines from any of the four bachelor's degrees. Places are very limited with on average only about 30 places offered to students each year. Thus there is a lot of competition for places and the cut-off admission rank is very high.",
"title": "Bachelor of Philosophy"
},
{
"docid": "1451630#1",
"text": "The B.Phil.'s earliest form is as a University of Oxford graduate degree, first awarded in 1682. Originally, Oxford named its pre-doctoral graduate degrees the Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.) (a two-year degree, partly taught and partly by research) and the Bachelor of Letters (B.Litt.) (a two-year research degree). After complaints, especially from overseas students, that this naming convention often meant that graduate degrees were not being recognised as such, the University renamed them Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) and Master of Letters (M.Litt.). However, the Philosophy Faculty (then a Sub-Faculty) argued that its B.Phil. degree had become so well known and respected in the philosophical world that it would be confusing to change the name. In philosophy, therefore, the degree continues to be called the B.Phil. Those who pass the degree are given the choice of taking a B.Phil. or an M.Phil.; few if any choose the latter. (Note that Oxford also offers a number of other graduate degrees labeled as baccalaureate degrees: the law faculty's BCL; and the music faculty's B.Mus)",
"title": "Bachelor of Philosophy"
},
{
"docid": "231031#23",
"text": "The university also offers the Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil) course for high-achieving new students. This is a research intensive degree which takes four years because the honours year is an integral part of the degree (most other degrees last three years with the honours year as a separate degree). Students studying the course choose disciplines from any of the four bachelor's degrees. Places are very limited with on average only about 30 places offered to students each year. Thus there is a lot of competition for places and the cut-off admission rank is very high.",
"title": "University of Western Australia"
},
{
"docid": "2297173#4",
"text": "Indian universities offer M.Phil degrees mostly in the streams of arts, science and humanities. The duration is typically two years long. Several universities offer enrolment in their integrated M.Phil-Ph.D program and M.Phil degree holders are usually exempted from doctoral coursework requirement.",
"title": "Master of Philosophy"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "21031297#56",
"text": "Students pursuing the Ph.D. degree must first complete a master's degree program, which takes two years after graduation with a bachelor's degree (five years in total). The candidate must find funding and a formal doctoral advisor (Directeur de thèse) with a habilitation throughout the doctoral program.",
"title": "Doctor of Philosophy"
},
{
"docid": "21031297#96",
"text": "Depending on the specific field of study, completion of a Ph.D. program usually takes four to eight years of study after the Bachelor's Degree; those students who begin a Ph.D. program with a master's degree may complete their Ph.D. degree a year or two sooner. As Ph.D. programs typically lack the formal structure of undergraduate education, there are significant individual differences in the time taken to complete the degree. Overall, 57% of students who begin a Ph.D. program in the US will complete their degree within ten years, approximately 30% will drop out or be dismissed, and the remaining 13% of students will continue on past ten years.",
"title": "Doctor of Philosophy"
},
{
"docid": "19296557#6",
"text": "The Pre-Theology Cycle at St. John Vianney is a two- or three-year cycle of courses which covers three essential components: philosophy, introductory courses in theology, and languages. The seminarian's Diocese may choose between degree and non-degree programs in philosophy to meet the entrance requirements for the four-year Theology Program. The study of philosophy is central to the Pre-Theology Program. The goal of the philosophy curriculum is \"to develop a reflective awareness of the fundamental relationship that exists between the human spirit and truth, that truth which is revealed to us fully in Jesus Christ.\" St. John Vianney offers three undergraduate programs of philosophical study: the Standard Program in Pre-Theology; the Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.) Degree; and the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Degree with Philosophy Major.",
"title": "Saint John Vianney Theological Seminary"
},
{
"docid": "156992#5",
"text": "A student who first achieves a general Bachelor of Arts degree with a sufficiently high overall average may be admitted to a \"postgraduate\" Baccalaureatus cum Honore degree in the same field; it requires a minimum of one year but may also take longer; it typically does not exceed two years. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis (Honours Seminar Thesis) combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research master's degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program without the requirement to first complete a master's degree. Over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master's degrees.",
"title": "Bachelor of Arts"
}
] | [
0.23723144829273224,
0.23135757446289062,
-0.20546874403953552,
0.23054198920726776,
0.20042571425437927,
0.08447875827550888,
0.557421863079071,
-0.33282470703125,
0.27299803495407104,
-0.08376769721508026,
-0.19125518202781677,
-0.0005096435779705644,
-0.594482421875,
-0.13142243027687073,
-0.4262939393520355,
0.02209930494427681,
0.3548583984375,
-0.33082276582717896,
-0.3480590879917145,
0.2634643614292145,
0.14797058701515198,
0.172119140625,
-0.11233825981616974,
-0.03569524362683296,
0.0442657470703125,
0.29522705078125,
-0.21849365532398224,
0.18786926567554474,
-0.34295654296875,
0.19873046875,
0.46306151151657104,
0.061953354626894,
0.04955482482910156,
0.36962890625,
-0.4211669862270355,
0.14217224717140198,
0.07081985473632812,
-0.001521253609098494,
0.31715089082717896,
0.16650390625,
-0.04828185960650444,
0.02543792687356472,
0.0984039306640625,
0.24453124403953552,
0.17167052626609802,
0.26771241426467896,
0.23234033584594727,
-0.09548835456371307,
-0.04431305080652237,
0.08359374850988388,
-0.36689454317092896,
-0.09998778998851776,
-0.2573486268520355,
0.046785734593868256,
-0.4923095703125,
0.4129638671875,
-0.5230468511581421,
0.2315826416015625,
-0.3228393495082855,
-0.1570138931274414,
0.28480225801467896,
-0.13984069228172302,
-0.051949311047792435,
0.15585938096046448,
-0.08373794704675674,
0.35893553495407104,
0.07237205654382706,
0.286376953125,
-0.03931732103228569,
0.677490234375,
0.186981201171875,
0.04463939741253853,
0.4222656190395355,
0.07679443061351776,
-0.3755737245082855,
0.42985838651657104,
-0.00920715369284153,
0.13109740614891052,
0.33061522245407104,
-0.06558990478515625,
0.46550291776657104,
-0.10582427680492401,
0.20646972954273224,
0.26166993379592896,
-0.23264160752296448,
0.36015623807907104,
0.04811248928308487,
0.40107423067092896,
-0.10059280693531036,
0.5567626953125,
0.06844787299633026,
0.3289428651332855,
0.09719695895910263,
-0.0023872375022619963,
0.186869814991951,
0.12479553371667862,
0.01634979248046875,
-0.2867065370082855,
0.2503662109375,
-0.272491455078125,
0.02768116071820259,
-0.20740966498851776,
-0.23538818955421448,
0.4463134706020355,
0.18974609673023224,
-0.29686278104782104,
-0.24384765326976776,
0.39741212129592896,
-0.21007995307445526,
0.34370118379592896,
0.07671689987182617,
-0.14931336045265198,
0.17147521674633026,
-0.271157830953598,
0.2786010801792145,
0.200408935546875,
0.07335357367992401,
-0.18553467094898224,
-0.19163207709789276,
-0.8236328363418579,
0.633837878704071,
0.12302551418542862,
-0.2818969786167145,
0.29150390625,
-0.18648377060890198,
-0.3768310546875,
0.532666027545929,
0.36762696504592896,
0.7825683355331421,
0.564746081829071,
-0.47858887910842896,
0.3857177793979645,
0.41325682401657104,
0.4012695252895355,
0.223876953125,
0.3763183653354645,
0.19486694037914276,
0.005145072937011719,
0.07940196990966797,
-0.192585751414299,
-0.09090270847082138,
-0.15465697646141052,
0.0016788482898846269,
0.7011963129043579,
0.2919677793979645,
0.09059753268957138,
-0.0686149150133133,
0.020451068878173828,
0.10859985649585724,
0.06067504733800888,
0.16402283310890198,
0.23846435546875,
-0.19881591200828552,
0.4017333984375,
0.34459227323532104,
0.163502499461174,
0.641894519329071,
0.055399321019649506,
0.19449463486671448,
0.15592041611671448,
0.770068347454071,
0.3625244200229645,
-0.08499298244714737,
0.0478174202144146,
0.05371894687414169,
0.39667969942092896,
-0.23005370795726776,
0.43798828125,
0.49736326932907104,
-0.26445311307907104,
-0.14022140204906464,
-0.20111389458179474,
0.22780761122703552,
-0.25480347871780396,
0.2721801698207855,
0.2969970703125,
-0.23755188286304474,
0.01963501051068306,
0.400146484375,
-0.30791014432907104,
-0.0010292052756994963,
0.015720367431640625,
-0.14426879584789276,
-0.02257385291159153,
0.4786132872104645,
-0.0281982421875,
-0.0430477149784565,
0.3127685487270355,
-0.4278808534145355,
0.0508880615234375,
0.05201416090130806,
0.1263660490512848,
0.547711193561554,
0.08841552585363388,
0.09885406494140625,
0.49951171875,
0.05164909362792969,
0.4630126953125,
0.19608458876609802,
0.2607177793979645,
-0.31344908475875854,
0.21284179389476776,
-0.33489990234375,
0.16370849311351776,
0.4079345762729645,
-0.2948501706123352,
0.1381710022687912,
-0.09195556491613388,
-0.21839599311351776,
-0.09581909328699112,
0.052805136889219284,
0.11652831733226776,
0.39838868379592896,
0.26042479276657104,
0.0234698299318552,
0.18729248642921448,
-0.03248138353228569,
-0.16242675483226776,
0.535998523235321,
0.04563445970416069,
-0.29985350370407104,
0.537548840045929,
-0.2727905213832855,
-0.3721923828125,
0.18101195991039276,
-0.030623817816376686,
-0.37712401151657104,
-0.3164123594760895,
0.12169494479894638,
0.380615234375,
0.06830444186925888,
-0.19289550185203552,
0.07784805446863174,
-0.30460816621780396,
0.46538084745407104,
0.22722168266773224,
-0.09878692775964737,
0.19910278916358948,
0.11174774169921875,
-0.10437393188476562,
0.45161134004592896,
0.0767059326171875,
-0.3736816346645355,
0.041892241686582565,
0.3193603456020355,
-0.502246081829071,
0.24314728379249573,
-0.2701660096645355,
-0.3402465879917145,
-0.17249755561351776,
-0.13084717094898224,
-0.11617708206176758,
-0.03623199462890625,
0.12378235161304474,
0.07969360053539276,
0.3509277403354645,
0.28447264432907104,
-0.10666046291589737,
-0.08334656059741974,
0.18165282905101776,
0.486572265625,
0.25568848848342896,
0.4831787049770355,
0.33636474609375,
-0.46062010526657104,
0.05364685133099556,
0.37385255098342896,
0.3167724609375,
-0.0004074096796102822,
0.2593994140625,
0.6397460699081421,
-0.5079101324081421,
0.15901139378547668,
0.3392089903354645,
-0.3086791932582855,
0.202239990234375,
0.34202879667282104,
0.208526611328125,
-0.44855958223342896,
0.12420807033777237,
0.34270018339157104,
-0.32945555448532104,
0.10575561225414276,
0.05649061128497124,
0.22617797553539276,
0.4164794981479645,
-0.26868897676467896,
-0.08478546142578125,
-0.27177733182907104,
0.18519897758960724,
0.1757049560546875,
0.3973632752895355,
0.11572036892175674,
-0.4626220762729645,
0.1430000364780426,
0.2997070252895355,
0.23055419325828552,
-0.205474853515625,
0.3178466856479645,
0.05388374254107475,
0.4600585997104645,
-0.310577392578125,
-0.02532501146197319,
0.24876709282398224,
0.23688964545726776,
-0.18053893744945526,
-0.3209472596645355,
0.05012207105755806,
-0.15758666396141052,
0.13726806640625,
0.972705066204071,
0.018718719482421875,
-0.134552001953125,
0.39301759004592896,
0.45661622285842896,
0.5248779058456421,
0.400634765625,
-0.06571044772863388,
0.54925537109375,
0.24419555068016052,
-0.20119933784008026,
0.05295104905962944,
-0.30201417207717896,
-0.09316100925207138,
0.13538818061351776,
-0.22957763075828552,
0.3359375,
-0.6964355707168579,
0.23015137016773224,
0.36309814453125,
0.36041259765625,
0.16431275010108948,
-0.22528687119483948,
0.14208678901195526,
-0.14239072799682617,
0.21306762099266052,
-0.3030456602573395,
0.4216552674770355,
-0.36235350370407104,
-0.02770538255572319,
-0.24985352158546448,
0.16260376572608948,
0.4038330018520355,
0.2601684629917145,
0.12543945014476776,
0.06561698764562607,
-0.06551208347082138,
0.22466430068016052,
0.138946533203125,
-0.20526123046875,
0.13291016221046448,
0.10068187862634659,
-0.1521759033203125,
-0.04533996433019638,
0.14290466904640198,
0.059481047093868256,
0.26173096895217896,
0.26195067167282104,
0.20435790717601776,
-0.19280394911766052,
0.06350517272949219,
0.3832031190395355,
0.3322509825229645,
0.03895378112792969,
-0.03351745754480362,
-0.0007843017810955644,
-0.3201904296875,
-0.3432250916957855,
0.528881847858429,
0.4234619140625,
0.008181762881577015,
-0.13286742568016052,
0.20705565810203552,
-0.16345825791358948,
-0.24232177436351776,
-0.07683563232421875,
-0.010190581902861595,
0.4520019590854645,
0.5302734375,
0.15363159775733948,
0.2974609434604645,
0.5407470464706421,
0.05211448669433594,
-0.06011760234832764,
-0.3228759765625,
0.13001099228858948,
-0.19602051377296448,
-0.19141845405101776,
0.10595665127038956,
0.16700439155101776,
-0.19921875,
-0.01751708984375,
0.27619630098342896,
0.18836669623851776,
-0.05923042446374893,
-0.33381348848342896,
-0.09009094536304474,
0.2625671327114105,
0.11452941596508026,
0.020088959485292435,
0.208984375,
0.2598510682582855,
0.20777587592601776,
0.3100830018520355,
4.256249904632568,
-0.007878875359892845,
0.33568114042282104,
-0.08947066962718964,
0.0047134398482739925,
0.10321197658777237,
0.09041900932788849,
-0.555371105670929,
-0.1422988921403885,
-0.0042747496627271175,
-0.043328095227479935,
0.2952514588832855,
0.055928707122802734,
0.48652344942092896,
-0.0020927428267896175,
0.4185546934604645,
0.113372802734375,
0.03583831712603569,
-0.14125671982765198,
0.3668456971645355,
-0.33146971464157104,
0.272552490234375,
0.2883453369140625,
-0.02582855150103569,
0.22466430068016052,
0.10366211086511612,
0.10732726752758026,
0.0457763671875,
0.14320679008960724,
0.27958983182907104,
0.2108154296875,
-0.05852966383099556,
0.278726190328598,
0.23360595107078552,
-0.764843761920929,
-0.01076507568359375,
0.25591811537742615,
0.4335693418979645,
0.32325440645217896,
-0.0039543150924146175,
-0.150848388671875,
-0.01890716515481472,
0.30012816190719604,
0.3343749940395355,
0.05883178859949112,
-0.01826019212603569,
-0.42585450410842896,
0.09024963527917862,
0.13170775771141052,
0.5643066167831421,
0.24088135361671448,
0.03247518464922905,
0.2769409120082855,
-0.3128295838832855,
0.01512832660228014,
0.46784669160842896,
0.29188233613967896,
0.4263671934604645,
0.1567436158657074,
-0.0013585090637207031,
0.013897704891860485,
-0.29633790254592896,
0.4765625,
-0.12117309868335724,
-0.03267211839556694,
-0.06144752353429794,
0.1737518310546875,
0.19081421196460724,
-0.16260986030101776,
-0.32297974824905396,
0.5235595703125,
0.2940307557582855,
0.28892213106155396,
-0.14005127549171448,
0.19792327284812927,
-0.06565704196691513,
-0.1829177886247635,
-0.008647918701171875,
0.139739990234375,
0.05336761474609375,
-0.09977874904870987,
-0.13264770805835724,
-0.014438247308135033,
-0.03303489834070206,
0.3482910096645355,
0.548095703125,
-0.130299374461174,
-0.26628416776657104,
0.3207031190395355,
-0.033286284655332565,
0.215087890625,
0.005699348635971546,
-0.11000823974609375,
-0.10959777981042862,
0.22939452528953552,
0.24008789658546448,
-0.06356201320886612,
-4.0380859375,
0.2795043885707855,
0.5794922113418579,
-0.007915878668427467,
0.058132149279117584,
-0.07560119777917862,
0.06673087924718857,
0.45112305879592896,
-0.15251465141773224,
0.2906738221645355,
-0.12879028916358948,
0.21141357719898224,
-0.3877197206020355,
0.054964445531368256,
0.13481445610523224,
0.07920379936695099,
0.5391845703125,
-0.05797595903277397,
-0.14998778700828552,
-0.03279723972082138,
0.29729002714157104,
-0.13965454697608948,
0.3559326231479645,
-0.3056640625,
0.2950683534145355,
0.10621871799230576,
0.135498046875,
-0.2637527585029602,
0.14065198600292206,
0.09472503513097763,
-0.14705076813697815,
0.5308593511581421,
0.43327635526657104,
-0.10455016791820526,
0.2112472504377365,
0.745898425579071,
-0.132740780711174,
-0.15932616591453552,
0.26654052734375,
0.4995361268520355,
0.15557861328125,
-0.05982322618365288,
0.31761473417282104,
0.0878196731209755,
-0.01710815355181694,
0.2788253724575043,
-0.32939451932907104,
0.113983154296875,
-0.35197752714157104,
-0.12001647800207138,
0.5589599609375,
0.3349243104457855,
-0.14018554985523224,
-0.08799819648265839,
0.617431640625,
-0.04749298095703125,
0.0692596435546875,
0.2269744873046875,
0.5105956792831421,
0.32257080078125,
0.221527099609375,
-0.4708007872104645,
0.16120605170726776,
-0.21846923232078552,
0.5904541015625,
-0.12561340630054474,
0.08760833740234375,
0.269195556640625,
0.3063428997993469,
-0.24667969346046448,
0.5552002191543579,
0.17069396376609802,
0.06059570237994194,
-0.3987060487270355,
-0.09514617919921875,
0.18978270888328552,
-0.26697999238967896,
-0.28846436738967896,
0.4001708924770355,
-0.09647350013256073,
0.03311920166015625,
-0.10368804633617401,
-0.3938964903354645,
0.31633299589157104,
2.47509765625,
0.3079467713832855,
2.1612305641174316,
0.39909666776657104,
0.07344512641429901,
0.3857177793979645,
-0.15805664658546448,
-0.23894043266773224,
0.03591644763946533,
-0.13312950730323792,
0.17476806044578552,
0.10261841118335724,
-0.2520751953125,
0.19860228896141052,
-0.2020111083984375,
-0.18868407607078552,
0.34136962890625,
-0.773510754108429,
0.28461915254592896,
-0.14522704482078552,
0.30354005098342896,
0.4295410215854645,
0.17767944931983948,
0.23521308600902557,
0.3108154237270355,
0.05472564697265625,
-0.10657043755054474,
-0.21987304091453552,
0.01152114849537611,
0.14222869277000427,
-0.11575241386890411,
0.2572387754917145,
0.19266967475414276,
0.03460540622472763,
0.2576660215854645,
0.05427093431353569,
0.021819686517119408,
4.703125,
-0.22409668564796448,
-0.21809081733226776,
-0.13463135063648224,
0.20059815049171448,
0.34806519746780396,
0.22702637314796448,
0.03290710598230362,
-0.1944805085659027,
-0.562744140625,
0.17743530869483948,
0.302572637796402,
0.39042967557907104,
-0.1319526731967926,
0.23094482719898224,
0.39960938692092896,
-0.06424102932214737,
0.10192260891199112,
0.16143187880516052,
0.1564178466796875,
0.4072021543979645,
0.2555908262729645,
0.14861373603343964,
0.11894817650318146,
-0.45775145292282104,
0.02379455603659153,
-0.12233886867761612,
0.04815826565027237,
0.09473571926355362,
0.12225475162267685,
0.4723877012729645,
5.475390434265137,
-0.025005150586366653,
0.24329224228858948,
-0.07130126655101776,
0.22653809189796448,
0.37885743379592896,
-0.371826171875,
-0.1657974272966385,
-0.2651000916957855,
0.008807373233139515,
-0.17869262397289276,
0.0225067138671875,
-0.31231689453125,
0.14212265610694885,
0.06639709323644638,
0.1302940398454666,
-0.28297120332717896,
-0.010376930236816406,
-0.015884781256318092,
0.14386291801929474,
0.16141358017921448,
0.00104522705078125,
0.5796874761581421,
-0.49262696504592896,
-0.2709899842739105,
0.07093963772058487,
-0.03526916354894638,
0.2693847715854645,
0.15418700873851776,
-0.05755920335650444,
0.3834472596645355,
0.4144531190395355,
-0.04538574069738388,
0.03551750257611275,
-0.06784515082836151,
0.3708740174770355,
0.2551818788051605,
0.09701881557703018,
0.4830566346645355,
-0.17792968451976776,
0.3134521543979645,
0.14751586318016052,
-0.32464599609375,
0.0017684936756268144,
-0.3570922911167145,
0.17567749321460724,
0.0009033203241415322,
0.07448425143957138,
0.2699829041957855,
0.12254943698644638,
0.224761962890625,
0.19157104194164276,
0.982128918170929,
0.20567016303539276,
0.126689150929451,
-0.116887666285038,
-0.46394044160842896,
0.14840316772460938,
0.18993301689624786,
-0.3478332459926605,
0.5556885004043579,
0.13668060302734375,
-0.10681762546300888,
0.45246583223342896,
0.26953125,
0.36610108613967896,
0.14812926948070526,
-0.011064720340073109,
0.619335949420929,
-0.23436889052391052,
-0.25201416015625,
0.3538574278354645,
-0.07084417343139648,
0.10125122219324112,
-0.14007568359375,
0.4361572265625,
0.2526794373989105,
0.04394226148724556,
0.21452637016773224,
-0.18240661919116974,
-0.08808288723230362,
-0.18721923232078552,
0.3061767518520355,
0.08701477199792862,
-0.21011963486671448,
0.07248840481042862,
-0.31523436307907104,
0.0018463134765625,
-0.19707946479320526,
-0.0023902892135083675,
0.42219239473342896,
-0.31464844942092896,
-0.08708038181066513,
-0.16542968153953552,
-0.008262252435088158,
0.07007841765880585,
0.07195739448070526,
0.689453125,
-0.12538528442382812,
-0.0033203125931322575,
-0.1171417236328125,
0.008226776495575905,
0.1354324370622635,
-0.3897338807582855,
0.21672973036766052,
-0.17452697455883026,
-0.0028503418434411287,
0.006707382388412952,
0.37614744901657104,
0.21072998642921448,
0.43754881620407104,
0.51318359375,
-0.020570944994688034,
0.24714355170726776,
-0.04082145541906357
] |
5 | Was there a year 0? | [
{
"docid": "2551#4",
"text": "Cassini gave the following reasons for using a year 0:\nFred Espanak of NASA lists 50 phases of the moon within year 0, showing that it is a full year, not an instant in time. Jean Meeus gives the following explanation:\nAlthough he used the usual French terms \"avant J.-C.\" (before Jesus Christ) and \"après J.-C.\" (after Jesus Christ) to label years elsewhere in his book, the Byzantine historian Venance Grumel used negative years (identified by a minus sign, −) to label BC years and unsigned positive years to label AD years in a table. He did so possibly to save space and put no year 0 between them.",
"title": "Astronomical year numbering"
},
{
"docid": "4145437#0",
"text": "Year zero does not exist in the anno Domini system usually used to number years in the Gregorian calendar and in its predecessor, the Julian calendar. In this system, the year is followed by . However, there is a year zero in astronomical year numbering (where it coincides with the Julian year ) and in ISO 8601:2004 (where it coincides with the Gregorian year ) as well as in all Buddhist and Hindu calendars.",
"title": "Year zero"
},
{
"docid": "4145437#10",
"text": "ISO 8601:2004 (and previously ISO 8601:2000, but not ISO 8601:1988) explicitly uses astronomical year numbering in its date reference systems. Because it also specifies the use of the proleptic Gregorian calendar for all years before 1582, some readers incorrectly assume that a year zero is also included in that proleptic calendar, but it is not used with the BC/AD era. The \"basic\" format for year 0 is the four-digit form 0000, which equals the historical year 1 BC. Several \"expanded\" formats are possible: −0000 and +0000, as well as five- and six-digit versions. Earlier years are also negative four-, five- or six-digit years, which have an absolute value one less than the equivalent BC year, hence -0001 = 2 BC. Because only ISO 646 (7-bit ASCII) characters are allowed by ISO 8601, the minus sign is represented by a hyphen-minus.",
"title": "Year zero"
},
{
"docid": "4145437#6",
"text": "Historians have never included a year zero. This means that between, for example, and , there are 999 years: 500 years BC, and 499 years AD preceding 500. In common usage \"anno Domini\" 1 is preceded by the year 1 BC, without an intervening year zero. Neither the choice of calendar system (whether Julian or Gregorian) nor the era (\"Anno Domini\" or Common Era) determines whether a year zero will be used. If writers do not use the convention of their group (historians or astronomers), they must explicitly state whether they include a year 0 in their count of years, otherwise their historical dates will be misunderstood.",
"title": "Year zero"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "28025488#0",
"text": "ㅅ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅅ is U+3137.",
"title": "ㅅ"
},
{
"docid": "3150038#14",
"text": "Games Def Interceptions Fumbles Sacks & Tackles \nYear Age Tm Pos No. G GS Int Yds TD Lng PD FF Fmb FR Yds TD Sk Tkl Ast Sfty AV\n2004 23 NWE ss 42 13 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 15 8 2\n2005 24 IND 36 16 0 1 0 1 0 0 8 2 1\n2006 25 IND ss 36 10 1 0 0 0 0 2 11 0 1\nCareer 39 3 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 2 0 0 34 10 4\n2 yrs IND 26 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 19 2 2\n1 yr NWE 13 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 15 8 2\nAfter pleading guilty in January 2008 to drug charges in Virginia Beach, VA stemming from a March 2007 incident, Reid was initially sentenced to two years in prison for possessing marijuana with the intent to distribute but had the sentence suspended with the agreement he would stay out of trouble for two years. His license was also suspended for six months and ordered to attend drug treatment and counseling.",
"title": "Dexter Reid"
},
{
"docid": "14046416#2",
"text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.",
"title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "49690912#0",
"text": "ㅜ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅜ is U+315C.",
"title": "ㅜ"
},
{
"docid": "25607023#0",
"text": "ㅌ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅌ is U+314C.",
"title": "ㅌ"
},
{
"docid": "49691484#0",
"text": "ㅝ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅝ is U+315D.",
"title": "ㅝ"
},
{
"docid": "49691399#0",
"text": "ㅒ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅒ is U+3150.",
"title": "ㅒ"
},
{
"docid": "49691238#0",
"text": "ㅠ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅠ is U+3160.",
"title": "ㅠ"
},
{
"docid": "49690788#0",
"text": "ㅗ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅗ is U+3151.",
"title": "ㅗ"
}
] | [
0.1444549560546875,
0.3660888671875,
-0.4888458251953125,
0.13541030883789062,
0.2323760986328125,
-0.1493358612060547,
0.5908203125,
-0.3392791748046875,
0.07219982147216797,
0.1647796630859375,
-0.4649200439453125,
-0.113494873046875,
-0.040523529052734375,
0.28104400634765625,
0.17024993896484375,
-0.230682373046875,
0.16371917724609375,
0.11350631713867188,
-0.359375,
0.19521331787109375,
-0.1723480224609375,
0.322845458984375,
-0.10322380065917969,
0.3342132568359375,
0.010631561279296875,
0.1041107177734375,
-0.235198974609375,
0.490875244140625,
0.01863861083984375,
0.3791351318359375,
0.03314971923828125,
-0.16318511962890625,
-0.1774749755859375,
0.0872344970703125,
-0.2954673767089844,
0.2390899658203125,
-0.03146815299987793,
0.176116943359375,
0.206573486328125,
0.598907470703125,
-0.06298762559890747,
-0.00696563720703125,
0.50213623046875,
0.039592742919921875,
0.538238525390625,
-0.2184600830078125,
0.213836669921875,
-0.031487464904785156,
-0.00104522705078125,
0.09531402587890625,
-0.317291259765625,
-0.18254852294921875,
-0.00370025634765625,
0.11336708068847656,
-0.517364501953125,
0.472686767578125,
-0.3377838134765625,
0.539794921875,
-0.07724666595458984,
0.163238525390625,
0.294281005859375,
-0.1089015007019043,
-0.44256591796875,
-0.04430389404296875,
-0.37213134765625,
0.392608642578125,
0.08531475067138672,
0.4227294921875,
-0.15560150146484375,
-0.02588912844657898,
-0.13634872436523438,
0.13918974995613098,
0.08899819850921631,
0.03793811798095703,
-0.14493179321289062,
-0.356475830078125,
0.22198486328125,
0.032665252685546875,
0.3491668701171875,
-0.17783737182617188,
0.461639404296875,
-0.14862823486328125,
-0.5267333984375,
0.232940673828125,
-0.04316997528076172,
0.12525558471679688,
-0.09054183959960938,
0.17356109619140625,
0.373809814453125,
0.412322998046875,
-0.03861188888549805,
0.42108154296875,
0.219482421875,
-0.1637425422668457,
0.07432746887207031,
0.07314491271972656,
0.442169189453125,
-0.489288330078125,
0.020172119140625,
-0.3546142578125,
-0.16042327880859375,
-0.33249664306640625,
-0.25693511962890625,
0.544158935546875,
0.2595977783203125,
-0.2638397216796875,
-0.66510009765625,
0.330841064453125,
0.8089599609375,
0.221038818359375,
0.13504791259765625,
-0.2055206298828125,
0.1480712890625,
0.2381439208984375,
0.192352294921875,
-0.1469573974609375,
0.1545257568359375,
0.006598711013793945,
-0.16031455993652344,
-0.645538330078125,
0.317779541015625,
0.419342041015625,
-0.30364990234375,
-0.27447509765625,
-0.1728363037109375,
-0.22153472900390625,
0.48748779296875,
0.028603076934814453,
0.68939208984375,
0.77154541015625,
0.21918487548828125,
0.649658203125,
0.11051750183105469,
0.5396728515625,
-0.3840484619140625,
0.28826141357421875,
-0.11847496032714844,
0.08256149291992188,
-0.0859832763671875,
-0.2681999206542969,
-0.04684638977050781,
-0.2215423583984375,
0.05120849609375,
0.75054931640625,
-0.03486061096191406,
0.375701904296875,
0.004253387451171875,
0.411041259765625,
-0.0798654556274414,
0.255584716796875,
0.4205322265625,
0.37066650390625,
-0.304046630859375,
0.422332763671875,
-0.09034156799316406,
0.265350341796875,
0.16954517364501953,
-0.06781578063964844,
-0.06875991821289062,
0.457763671875,
0.904296875,
0.347564697265625,
0.16042327880859375,
0.40728759765625,
0.039772748947143555,
0.20632648468017578,
-0.358642578125,
0.2651023864746094,
0.5518798828125,
-0.0661001205444336,
-0.533477783203125,
0.26971435546875,
0.380828857421875,
-0.05512714385986328,
0.3267822265625,
0.2099609375,
-0.06052398681640625,
-0.09608078002929688,
0.57562255859375,
0.039703369140625,
0.05212259292602539,
0.09484100341796875,
0.09399890899658203,
-0.2445526123046875,
0.41693115234375,
0.398773193359375,
0.2519073486328125,
-0.37530517578125,
-0.225982666015625,
0.15203857421875,
-0.15863800048828125,
-0.11588621139526367,
0.55328369140625,
0.08487129211425781,
-0.13343048095703125,
0.20116281509399414,
-0.06777048110961914,
0.2931671142578125,
-0.10184097290039062,
0.454315185546875,
-0.20515918731689453,
-0.326812744140625,
-0.570556640625,
0.108001708984375,
0.37841796875,
-0.023523330688476562,
-0.02758193016052246,
0.496978759765625,
-0.21826171875,
-0.20196914672851562,
-0.21056365966796875,
0.018950462341308594,
0.6416015625,
0.08787727355957031,
-0.2523345947265625,
0.274261474609375,
0.07726573944091797,
-0.06858062744140625,
0.42218017578125,
-0.12618637084960938,
-0.15178775787353516,
0.214141845703125,
0.5234403610229492,
-0.02298736572265625,
-0.1969451904296875,
-0.42376708984375,
-0.022564709186553955,
-0.602294921875,
0.09083938598632812,
0.3909912109375,
0.07069873809814453,
-0.022310256958007812,
-0.05733776092529297,
-0.314788818359375,
0.052526235580444336,
0.3126220703125,
0.12390518188476562,
-0.20667266845703125,
-0.022216796875,
-0.13275909423828125,
0.22451019287109375,
0.17773818969726562,
-0.04375457763671875,
-0.18808746337890625,
0.3342132568359375,
-0.2907562255859375,
0.327850341796875,
0.07615947723388672,
-0.15884780883789062,
0.08618927001953125,
0.07102680206298828,
-0.434661865234375,
0.3173980712890625,
0.65081787109375,
-0.11615514755249023,
0.420135498046875,
0.16589641571044922,
-0.2584228515625,
0.12028694152832031,
0.20630645751953125,
0.347900390625,
0.7113037109375,
0.2147979736328125,
0.294586181640625,
-0.09960035234689713,
-0.29998779296875,
0.498687744140625,
0.45587158203125,
-0.026213645935058594,
0.2860870361328125,
0.623199462890625,
0.036754608154296875,
-0.07761573791503906,
0.441650390625,
-0.395172119140625,
0.04984092712402344,
0.2775726318359375,
0.300567626953125,
-0.232879638671875,
0.43658447265625,
-0.08677101135253906,
0.10611343383789062,
-0.06874161958694458,
-0.07962417602539062,
-0.0749884843826294,
0.403533935546875,
0.10166740417480469,
-0.281707763671875,
0.10032844543457031,
0.07651138305664062,
0.09148406982421875,
0.413665771484375,
-0.13924407958984375,
-0.353546142578125,
-0.19958114624023438,
-0.06273555755615234,
0.07466697692871094,
-0.25811767578125,
0.3883056640625,
-0.06540298461914062,
0.19972991943359375,
-0.443267822265625,
0.16638565063476562,
0.2494659423828125,
0.11020278930664062,
-0.1058502197265625,
0.41961669921875,
-0.11791801452636719,
-0.09609317779541016,
0.4383544921875,
0.072845458984375,
-0.31329345703125,
-0.387664794921875,
0.3236846923828125,
0.409820556640625,
0.78228759765625,
0.3072052001953125,
0.1106719970703125,
0.76220703125,
0.13365936279296875,
-0.3473358154296875,
-0.1303505301475525,
-0.373291015625,
-0.169097900390625,
0.10148811340332031,
-0.7427978515625,
0.409454345703125,
-0.11574172973632812,
0.49554443359375,
0.5631103515625,
-0.0364532470703125,
0.2273712158203125,
-0.47509765625,
-0.2501220703125,
-0.030328750610351562,
0.06200981140136719,
0.3433990478515625,
0.471710205078125,
-0.29998016357421875,
0.14534759521484375,
0.0829620361328125,
0.328765869140625,
-0.029899120330810547,
0.2657623291015625,
0.16161346435546875,
0.19831085205078125,
-0.0884552001953125,
0.011500358581542969,
0.2034149169921875,
-0.19854736328125,
0.3303070068359375,
-0.09560966491699219,
0.03450965881347656,
-0.15353012084960938,
0.455230712890625,
0.24611663818359375,
0.402069091796875,
0.05462527275085449,
0.71136474609375,
-0.21039581298828125,
0.13452911376953125,
0.3416595458984375,
0.2578887939453125,
0.035430908203125,
0.3460693359375,
0.3580474853515625,
-0.155303955078125,
0.007973670959472656,
0.2647247314453125,
0.3017425537109375,
0.21998000144958496,
-0.17163372039794922,
0.1660003662109375,
0.30860137939453125,
-0.353515625,
0.0044918060302734375,
0.04994094371795654,
0.48590087890625,
0.460906982421875,
0.262420654296875,
-0.03112506866455078,
0.51885986328125,
0.3856964111328125,
0.3275146484375,
-0.3787689208984375,
-0.013896942138671875,
-0.6495361328125,
-0.047809600830078125,
0.14281606674194336,
-0.46710205078125,
0.08658885955810547,
-0.0350494384765625,
0.08360648155212402,
0.008981704711914062,
0.04215049743652344,
-0.47802734375,
-0.07145881652832031,
0.1291186809539795,
0.23333740234375,
-0.328216552734375,
-0.1803131103515625,
0.485626220703125,
0.2021026611328125,
0.314666748046875,
4.31787109375,
0.13599395751953125,
0.12929534912109375,
0.254730224609375,
-0.15987014770507812,
-0.2035064697265625,
0.11283302307128906,
-0.3930816650390625,
-0.03876972198486328,
0.09642338752746582,
0.04265022277832031,
0.1806488037109375,
-0.05173301696777344,
0.158935546875,
0.020803451538085938,
0.12722015380859375,
0.63934326171875,
0.4090576171875,
0.14344406127929688,
0.398956298828125,
-0.477783203125,
0.2805328369140625,
0.23772430419921875,
0.528778076171875,
0.0452423095703125,
-0.17537307739257812,
0.1813812255859375,
-0.06850910186767578,
-0.18468475341796875,
0.3390960693359375,
0.339813232421875,
-0.11463165283203125,
-0.26251220703125,
0.02519989013671875,
-0.5230712890625,
0.237640380859375,
0.1037445068359375,
0.479095458984375,
0.08701610565185547,
0.1867218017578125,
-0.038028717041015625,
0.05115509033203125,
0.338148832321167,
0.31396484375,
0.12377166748046875,
-0.13254928588867188,
0.01982855796813965,
0.40435791015625,
0.399383544921875,
0.0020055770874023438,
0.1457080841064453,
0.041449546813964844,
-0.12994003295898438,
-0.3515167236328125,
0.25189971923828125,
0.51544189453125,
0.20654296875,
0.454437255859375,
0.08957862854003906,
-0.023288488388061523,
-0.416107177734375,
-0.1392974853515625,
-0.055755615234375,
0.111175537109375,
-0.11614990234375,
0.05920219421386719,
0.1516265869140625,
0.29006195068359375,
0.2742156982421875,
0.01727581024169922,
0.542633056640625,
0.464324951171875,
0.505859375,
-0.28803563117980957,
-0.3485107421875,
-0.3592529296875,
-0.035157203674316406,
-0.13344573974609375,
-0.20855712890625,
-0.008809089660644531,
0.2760772705078125,
-0.2367401123046875,
0.024540424346923828,
0.13543200492858887,
0.18421459197998047,
0.55841064453125,
0.2742156982421875,
-0.11995697021484375,
0.3090972900390625,
0.18936777114868164,
0.363555908203125,
0.2517852783203125,
0.251800537109375,
0.1605072021484375,
0.239959716796875,
0.06011199951171875,
0.1208038330078125,
-3.966064453125,
0.11436843872070312,
0.223541259765625,
0.0007941722869873047,
0.097930908203125,
0.0688934326171875,
0.3064117431640625,
0.16620635986328125,
-0.07229804992675781,
-0.16748933494091034,
-0.34619140625,
0.13320159912109375,
-0.2109527587890625,
0.04056549072265625,
-0.04228925704956055,
0.12739181518554688,
-0.204833984375,
0.2093353271484375,
0.543182373046875,
-0.13257598876953125,
0.18001174926757812,
0.15876293182373047,
0.3822784423828125,
0.17939376831054688,
0.21924209594726562,
-0.025074005126953125,
-0.12559127807617188,
-0.312713623046875,
-0.07608413696289062,
-0.03713226318359375,
0.06125450134277344,
0.18430328369140625,
0.58013916015625,
-0.2952728271484375,
-0.10245513916015625,
0.608673095703125,
-0.25147247314453125,
0.24285888671875,
0.18212890625,
0.3211517333984375,
-0.1648406982421875,
0.03862762451171875,
0.1975555419921875,
-0.01842498779296875,
0.09273529052734375,
0.136199951171875,
-0.3021087646484375,
-0.1336994171142578,
0.0005054473876953125,
-0.003002166748046875,
-0.12011528015136719,
0.03489530086517334,
-0.21209716796875,
0.09824752807617188,
0.4140625,
-0.159393310546875,
-0.41899871826171875,
-0.1996002197265625,
0.13213539123535156,
0.3712921142578125,
0.11847054958343506,
0.31939697265625,
-0.292083740234375,
0.251953125,
0.07269787788391113,
0.10460948944091797,
0.401580810546875,
0.05366706848144531,
0.2040863037109375,
-0.2178936004638672,
0.043766021728515625,
0.05508232116699219,
0.245208740234375,
-0.624969482421875,
0.1121826171875,
0.07417678833007812,
-0.14922332763671875,
0.20660400390625,
0.353515625,
0.18457424640655518,
-0.13912200927734375,
-0.2064361572265625,
-0.4334716796875,
0.427459716796875,
2.61669921875,
0.31011962890625,
2.459716796875,
0.4881591796875,
-0.45864105224609375,
0.3050079345703125,
-0.441558837890625,
0.17835617065429688,
0.333709716796875,
-0.13748741149902344,
0.012869834899902344,
0.3347015380859375,
0.04524803161621094,
0.151702880859375,
0.323638916015625,
-0.15406036376953125,
0.3192138671875,
-1.00592041015625,
0.54730224609375,
0.381103515625,
0.336883544921875,
0.30342864990234375,
0.1210174560546875,
0.1272411346435547,
0.51861572265625,
-0.0800933837890625,
-0.20794677734375,
-0.02450275421142578,
-0.009289979934692383,
-0.22832965850830078,
-0.12182426452636719,
0.13411521911621094,
0.01100468635559082,
0.0063629150390625,
-0.00026416778564453125,
-0.0041599273681640625,
0.12787246704101562,
4.65625,
0.27408885955810547,
-0.08118820190429688,
0.10458850860595703,
0.249359130859375,
0.16931915283203125,
0.518280029296875,
-0.2140350341796875,
-0.12831687927246094,
0.016384124755859375,
0.327301025390625,
0.4469146728515625,
-0.12098121643066406,
0.048465728759765625,
0.14757156372070312,
0.16956329345703125,
0.13165283203125,
0.2926177978515625,
0.3804168701171875,
-0.06240752339363098,
0.11538314819335938,
0.17203521728515625,
0.14455413818359375,
-0.11305618286132812,
0.08585643768310547,
0.24334716796875,
0.33294677734375,
-0.23028564453125,
-0.1989288330078125,
0.24161148071289062,
0.010307073593139648,
5.412109375,
0.26163482666015625,
0.016809463500976562,
-0.09251976013183594,
0.08633613586425781,
-0.05198860168457031,
-0.2481231689453125,
0.2497406005859375,
-0.2301025390625,
-0.151397705078125,
-0.057585835456848145,
-0.11566925048828125,
-0.1947479248046875,
0.19011688232421875,
-0.17243194580078125,
0.527679443359375,
-0.15181732177734375,
-0.16439056396484375,
0.03685808181762695,
-0.11736106872558594,
0.37682104110717773,
-0.49383544921875,
0.5167236328125,
-0.616241455078125,
-0.11090087890625,
0.016460418701171875,
0.1269378662109375,
0.574554443359375,
-0.09629440307617188,
-0.1450958251953125,
0.2215118408203125,
0.46429443359375,
0.07954466342926025,
0.21495819091796875,
-0.2509307861328125,
0.360687255859375,
0.18880271911621094,
-0.0566864013671875,
-0.33831787109375,
0.13238811492919922,
0.3474578857421875,
0.68060302734375,
-0.3224639892578125,
-0.05754852294921875,
0.152008056640625,
-0.031655311584472656,
-0.1291491985321045,
0.08675575256347656,
-0.10711288452148438,
0.32586669921875,
0.1943206787109375,
0.11190128326416016,
1.25018310546875,
0.14089202880859375,
0.048032283782958984,
0.018047332763671875,
-0.235321044921875,
-0.013668060302734375,
-0.18956565856933594,
0.013702392578125,
0.430419921875,
-0.03265380859375,
-0.2391204833984375,
0.132293701171875,
0.3923492431640625,
0.474334716796875,
0.3950958251953125,
-0.1491241455078125,
0.56866455078125,
-0.521087646484375,
-0.011557579040527344,
0.203338623046875,
0.12369346618652344,
0.1210174560546875,
-0.0937347412109375,
0.29436492919921875,
-0.017107009887695312,
-0.009078949689865112,
-0.0626983642578125,
-0.16829681396484375,
0.10103607177734375,
-0.418212890625,
-0.3109130859375,
-0.04109954833984375,
0.1182403564453125,
0.09186172485351562,
-0.2436065673828125,
-0.248260498046875,
0.03756856918334961,
-0.22447967529296875,
0.24267578125,
0.02585601806640625,
-0.11736106872558594,
0.744140625,
0.14015960693359375,
0.21018218994140625,
0.2884521484375,
0.55615234375,
0.1457347869873047,
0.14293670654296875,
0.10383987426757812,
0.3243408203125,
-0.09691524505615234,
-0.11763525009155273,
0.38690185546875,
-0.021316051483154297,
0.2378082275390625,
0.16062164306640625,
-0.0402299165725708,
0.3896484375,
0.501861572265625,
0.526824951171875,
0.23029327392578125,
-0.03476715087890625,
-0.008808374404907227
] |
6 | Can you prevent traumatic brain injury? | [
{
"docid": "18006283#14",
"text": "Faculty provides care for thousands suffering from mild to traumatic brain injuries. The concussion clinic at Medstar NRH focuses primarily on this form of brain injury and is regarded as one of the best in the country according to U.S. News & World Report. 75 percent of all traumatic brain injuries that occur are concussions. Traumatic brain injuries contribute to a third of all deaths in the United States with over 1.5 million brain injuries occurring each year. During their stay, patients are also educated on precautions they can take to prevent a future incidence.",
"title": "MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "38993774#24",
"text": "Rules exist within each sport to help prevent cerebral contusions and traumatic brain injuries. However, individual athletes are the best prevention against their own injuries. In a game, athletes notice when they have the symptoms of a cerebral contusion and should take themselves out of the game. It may be hard for medical personnel or coaches to notice when a player has a traumatic brain injury, so it is in the player’s best interest to be removed from play. In hockey, traumatic brain injuries constitute 10%-15% of all head injuries. With the high percent of injuries being traumatic, extensive design improvements have been made to helmets. These improvements reduce the risk of cerebral contusions by providing more padding around the skull and a chin strap that keeps the helmet snug. In baseball, major improvements to helmets have been made to protect batters from the impact a baseball can have when hitting their head. Helmets, before this major improvement, were designed to withstand a velocity of 70 mph from a pitch or foul ball. Since the company Rawlings’ new design, helmets can withstand a velocity of 100 mph and have further padding around the softer parts on the side of the skull.",
"title": "Sports-related traumatic brain injury"
},
{
"docid": "35565406#0",
"text": "Prevention of mild traumatic brain injury involves taking general measures to prevent traumatic brain injury, such as wearing seat belts and using airbags in cars. Older people are encouraged to try to prevent falls, for example by keeping floors free of clutter and wearing thin, flat, shoes with hard soles that do not interfere with balance.",
"title": "Prevention of concussions"
},
{
"docid": "1057414#15",
"text": "Since a major cause of TBI are vehicle accidents, their prevention or the amelioration of their consequences can both reduce the incidence and gravity of TBI. In accidents, damage can be reduced by use of seat belts, child safety seats and motorcycle helmets, and presence of roll bars and airbags. Education programs exist to lower the number of crashes. In addition, changes to public policy and safety laws can be made; these include speed limits, seat belt and helmet laws, and road engineering practices.\nChanges to common practices in sports have also been discussed. An increase in use of helmets could reduce the incidence of TBI. Due to the possibility that repeatedly \"heading\" a ball practicing soccer could cause cumulative brain injury, the idea of introducing protective headgear for players has been proposed. Improved equipment design can enhance safety; softer baseballs reduce head injury risk. Rules against dangerous types of contact, such as \"spear tackling\" in American football, when one player tackles another head first, may also reduce head injury rates.\nFalls can be avoided by installing grab bars in bathrooms and handrails on stairways; removing tripping hazards such as throw rugs; or installing window guards and safety gates at the top and bottom of stairs around young children. Playgrounds with shock-absorbing surfaces such as mulch or sand also prevent head injuries. Child abuse prevention is another tactic; programs exist to prevent shaken baby syndrome by educating about the dangers of shaking children. Gun safety, including keeping guns unloaded and locked, is another preventative measure. Studies on the effect of laws that aim to control access to guns in the United States have been insufficient to determine their effectiveness preventing number of deaths or injuries.\nRecent clinical and laboratory research by neurosurgeon Julian Bailes, M.D., and his colleagues from West Virginia University, has resulted in papers showing that dietary supplementation with omega-3 DHA offers protection against the biochemical brain damage that occurs after a traumatic injury. Rats given DHA prior to induced brain injuries suffered smaller increases in two key markers for brain damage (APP and caspase-3), as compared with rats given no DHA. “The potential for DHA to provide prophylactic benefit to the brain against traumatic injury appears promising and requires further investigation. The essential concept of daily dietary supplementation with DHA, so that those at significant risk may be preloaded to provide protection against the acute effects of TBI, has tremendous public health implications.”",
"title": "Traumatic brain injury"
},
{
"docid": "43133785#6",
"text": "The Traumatic Brain Injury Reauthorization Act of 2013 would amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize appropriations for FY2014-FY2018 for: (1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) projects to reduce the incidence of traumatic brain injury, and (2) traumatic brain injury surveillance systems or registries.",
"title": "Traumatic Brain Injury Reauthorization Act of 2013"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "304588#27",
"text": "The treatment for emergency traumatic brain injuries focuses on assuring the person has enough oxygen from the brain blood supply, and on maintaining normal blood pressure to avoid further injuries of the head or neck. The person may need surgery to remove clotted blood or repair skull fractures, for which cutting a hole in the skull may be necessary. Medicines used for traumatic injuries are diuretics, anti-seizure or coma-inducing drugs. Diuretics reduce the fluid in tissues lowering the pressure on the brain. In the first week after a traumatic brain injury, a person may have a risk of seizures, which anti-seizure drugs help prevent. Coma-inducing drugs may be used during surgery to reduce impairments and restore blood flow.",
"title": "Brain damage"
},
{
"docid": "43133785#14",
"text": "The National Association of State Head Injury Administrators (NASHIA) supported the bill, calling the programs supported by the bill \"critical in helping states to address\" the unique needs of individuals with traumatic brain injuries. NASHIA supported the bill for allowing states their own flexibility to address needs in their own states and applauded the CDC's work in public education, trying to prevent bad falls by the elderly, and trying to stop sports related traumatic brain injuries.",
"title": "Traumatic Brain Injury Reauthorization Act of 2013"
},
{
"docid": "1057414#18",
"text": "Certain facilities are equipped to handle TBI better than others; initial measures include transporting patients to an appropriate treatment center. Both during transport and in hospital the primary concerns are ensuring proper oxygen supply, maintaining adequate blood flow to the brain, and controlling raised intracranial pressure (ICP), since high ICP deprives the brain of badly needed blood flow and can cause deadly brain herniation. Other methods to prevent damage include management of other injuries and prevention of seizures. Some data supports the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to improve outcomes.",
"title": "Traumatic brain injury"
},
{
"docid": "43133785#10",
"text": "H.R. 1098 would amend provisions of the Public Health Service Act that authorize the United States Department of Health and Human Services to conduct activities related to traumatic brain injury. Those activities, including the study and surveillance of traumatic brain injury and the awarding of grants that support access to services, are carried out by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).",
"title": "Traumatic Brain Injury Reauthorization Act of 2013"
},
{
"docid": "5401463#7",
"text": "Traumatic brain injury is defined as a “direct physical impact or trauma to\nthe head followed by a dynamic series of injury and repair events”. Recently, neuroproteomics have been applied to studying the disability that over 5.4 million Americans live with. In addition to physically injuring the brain tissue, traumatic brain injury induces the release of glutamate that interacts with ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These glutamate receptors acidify the surrounding intracranial fluid, causing further injury on the molecular level to nearby neurons. The death of the surrounding neurons is induced through normal apoptosis mechanisms, and it is this cycle that is being studied with neuroproteomics. Three different cysteine protease derivatives are involved in the apoptotic pathway induced by the acidic environment triggered by glutamate. These cysteine proteases include calpain, caspase, and cathepsin. These three proteins are examples of detectable signs of traumatic brain injury that are much more specific than temperature, oxygen level, or intracranial pressure.\nProteomics thus also offers a tracking mechanism by which researchers can monitor the progression of traumatic brain injury, or a chronic disease such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. Especially in Parkinson’s, in which neurotransmitters play a large role, recent proteomic research has involved the study of synaptotagmin. Synaptotagmin is involved in the calcium-induced budding of vesicle containing neurotransmitters from the presynaptic membrane. By studying the intracellular mechanisms involved in neural apoptosis after traumatic brain injury, researchers can create a map that genetic changes can follow later on.",
"title": "Neuroproteomics"
}
] | [
0.3426649272441864,
0.2294243723154068,
0.021167542785406113,
0.2800835371017456,
-0.0091535784304142,
0.1563720703125,
0.3362901508808136,
-0.3667127788066864,
0.2376539409160614,
0.14100053906440735,
-0.4915296733379364,
-0.6606987714767456,
0.03694979473948479,
0.2030232697725296,
-0.0491316057741642,
-0.6238064169883728,
0.1758151650428772,
-0.06594255566596985,
-0.2510986328125,
-0.042766571044921875,
-0.1989203542470932,
0.1550055593252182,
0.5535481572151184,
-0.1160091832280159,
0.0858527272939682,
0.140380859375,
-0.3489040732383728,
0.2758110761642456,
-0.1658528596162796,
0.5554741621017456,
0.5477430820465088,
-0.1463148295879364,
-0.197509765625,
0.3172200620174408,
-0.537109375,
0.3438313901424408,
-0.2186550498008728,
-0.0672590434551239,
0.162078857421875,
0.1033715158700943,
0.1968451589345932,
0.1457722932100296,
-0.0658535435795784,
0.014759276062250137,
0.5341660976409912,
0.3940158486366272,
0.3297933042049408,
-0.1616956889629364,
0.0824178084731102,
-0.05900658667087555,
-0.3184000551700592,
0.0754123255610466,
-0.4069553017616272,
-0.022509681060910225,
-0.4510904848575592,
0.5558268427848816,
0.3675401508808136,
0.08097246289253235,
-0.059089235961437225,
-0.1554022878408432,
0.297119140625,
-0.01804606057703495,
-0.1851264089345932,
-0.0865851491689682,
0.4279106855392456,
0.2760009765625,
0.03055572509765625,
0.5155978798866272,
-0.0412919782102108,
0.144683837890625,
0.027760399505496025,
0.6315104365348816,
0.2632785439491272,
0.06021234765648842,
-0.2038099467754364,
-0.1843210905790329,
0.04608154296875,
-0.1521131694316864,
0.3490261435508728,
-0.3016289472579956,
0.06546656042337418,
-0.1228908970952034,
-0.1106855571269989,
0.2885199785232544,
-0.08815256506204605,
0.3412000834941864,
-0.10850969702005386,
0.2530924379825592,
0.3953450620174408,
0.2654893696308136,
0.05476215109229088,
0.2615152895450592,
0.3448215126991272,
0.3717854917049408,
0.2155117392539978,
-0.0377638079226017,
0.3738606870174408,
-0.1549072265625,
0.2313368022441864,
-0.3242323100566864,
0.1312527060508728,
-0.100311279296875,
0.0087136160582304,
-0.0884518101811409,
0.3529188334941864,
-0.3334418535232544,
-0.6070963740348816,
0.3166910707950592,
0.2171359658241272,
0.16741943359375,
-0.039664797484874725,
-0.12211862951517105,
0.2563747763633728,
-0.4430881142616272,
0.4576009213924408,
0.4229193925857544,
0.1398247629404068,
0.0366397425532341,
-0.1281823068857193,
-0.8612738847732544,
0.3260362446308136,
0.1587795615196228,
-0.179412841796875,
-0.3701036274433136,
-0.2894829511642456,
0.1195407435297966,
0.5333116054534912,
-0.2985161542892456,
0.5790473222732544,
0.2694566547870636,
0.2227918803691864,
0.1227959543466568,
0.3867729902267456,
0.7252061367034912,
-0.02748616598546505,
0.25855255126953125,
0.5303276777267456,
-0.3343912661075592,
0.0512966588139534,
-0.4801432192325592,
-0.0818854421377182,
-0.247100830078125,
0.2319200336933136,
0.5375705361366272,
-0.19635009765625,
0.2486097514629364,
0.06744066625833511,
0.3679741621017456,
-0.1142239049077034,
0.3279622495174408,
0.00807062815874815,
0.0706329345703125,
-0.043848343193531036,
0.4077962338924408,
0.1233181431889534,
0.1429341584444046,
0.4819064736366272,
0.4170735776424408,
0.2219306081533432,
-0.0927988663315773,
0.733642578125,
0.3417561948299408,
-0.1542493999004364,
0.05343542993068695,
0.1343315988779068,
0.1193644180893898,
0.05169444531202316,
0.4040256142616272,
0.5168185830116272,
0.01528082974255085,
-0.3227267861366272,
0.203369140625,
0.9269205927848816,
0.1718275249004364,
0.1590626984834671,
-0.111328125,
-0.0282270647585392,
0.2951524555683136,
0.02751837857067585,
0.0021594364661723375,
0.1355929970741272,
0.1045125350356102,
0.2452731728553772,
-0.0454474538564682,
0.7042100429534912,
0.3681640625,
0.3993733823299408,
0.2130126953125,
-0.3719346821308136,
0.2897678017616272,
0.0406256765127182,
0.0764227956533432,
0.4366319477558136,
-0.0647226944565773,
0.03289031982421875,
0.051233503967523575,
-0.03098212368786335,
0.095184326171875,
0.0432451032102108,
0.2412872314453125,
-0.2526380717754364,
0.1720852255821228,
-0.1750623881816864,
0.05816904827952385,
0.2952474057674408,
-0.3616672158241272,
0.05308787152171135,
-0.13148753345012665,
0.1016811802983284,
-0.2961391806602478,
-0.1154598668217659,
-0.0377790667116642,
0.3976236879825592,
0.2683037519454956,
-0.1338263601064682,
0.1250406950712204,
-0.3878580629825592,
0.1106736958026886,
0.4212239682674408,
0.1960856169462204,
-0.3846299946308136,
0.3282606303691864,
-0.0669216588139534,
-0.02852545864880085,
0.07573042809963226,
-0.3824327290058136,
0.0758768692612648,
-0.0039655896835029125,
0.0352359339594841,
0.1935221403837204,
0.3873833417892456,
0.0861443430185318,
0.3017849326133728,
0.0226465854793787,
0.5220540165901184,
0.3795030415058136,
0.1840955913066864,
-0.2188042551279068,
-0.2596571147441864,
-0.3383924663066864,
0.1913112998008728,
0.182373046875,
-0.08024682104587555,
0.2507425844669342,
0.1927625834941864,
0.2067345529794693,
0.03232903033494949,
-0.1283637136220932,
-0.1218600794672966,
0.1734279990196228,
0.1753946989774704,
-0.06422678381204605,
0.22314453125,
0.04233627766370773,
-0.1903211772441864,
0.07886971533298492,
0.0707779973745346,
0.0584191232919693,
0.2174614816904068,
0.4151204526424408,
0.6818576455116272,
0.3530985414981842,
0.1561279296875,
0.1412370502948761,
0.0485670305788517,
0.02475653775036335,
-0.03602494299411774,
0.3767903745174408,
0.050810497254133224,
0.12343767285346985,
0.4596354067325592,
-0.1179419606924057,
0.003200954757630825,
-0.0519951730966568,
-0.2209743857383728,
-0.21551513671875,
0.2461480051279068,
0.2942844033241272,
-0.3116319477558136,
0.20454852283000946,
0.2153998464345932,
-0.1058247908949852,
-0.2026909738779068,
0.049041748046875,
-0.0491621233522892,
0.2593197226524353,
-0.2683512270450592,
-0.33740234375,
-0.1404707133769989,
0.0749138742685318,
0.2397257536649704,
0.8049587607383728,
0.1746012419462204,
-0.4549967348575592,
-0.0388505719602108,
0.3509250283241272,
0.2057698518037796,
0.23832066357135773,
0.2445339560508728,
-0.0752156600356102,
0.5946180820465088,
-0.4932454526424408,
0.1230909526348114,
0.2795952558517456,
0.010936313308775425,
-0.2560763955116272,
-0.5211588740348816,
0.6147189736366272,
-0.1957906037569046,
0.4782986044883728,
0.029728783294558525,
0.05374124273657799,
-0.018604913726449013,
0.3649631142616272,
0.2308078408241272,
0.5532497763633728,
0.3827853798866272,
-0.11599060893058777,
0.8403862714767456,
0.2215847373008728,
-0.2298465371131897,
-0.2353786826133728,
-0.3131781816482544,
-0.2269083708524704,
0.0298936627805233,
-0.7609049677848816,
0.3596733808517456,
-0.4051649272441864,
-0.0993720144033432,
-0.1971299946308136,
0.1879713237285614,
-0.0442843958735466,
-0.1472371369600296,
-0.118255615234375,
0.07250722497701645,
0.0924326553940773,
-0.0776774063706398,
0.1547766774892807,
-0.3976779580116272,
0.16484706103801727,
-0.3280436098575592,
0.1422966867685318,
-0.1286248117685318,
0.1953464150428772,
-0.04039308801293373,
0.1755642294883728,
0.4139539897441864,
-0.07188542932271957,
0.3611111044883728,
-0.026791466400027275,
0.1778157502412796,
-0.4559461772441864,
-0.05095333606004715,
0.0143873430788517,
0.1475423127412796,
0.0076832240447402,
0.4593912661075592,
0.5438639521598816,
0.1393347829580307,
-0.2325642853975296,
0.3204074501991272,
0.06374979019165039,
0.058663684874773026,
0.1370476633310318,
-0.06195852532982826,
-0.0705142542719841,
-0.1125623881816864,
-0.15277354419231415,
0.2364637553691864,
-0.03135257214307785,
-0.3369886577129364,
0.2056613564491272,
0.3716634213924408,
0.0415445975959301,
-0.02611541748046875,
-0.1782429963350296,
-0.2480604350566864,
0.4035508930683136,
0.4873318076133728,
0.3524169921875,
-0.2255588173866272,
0.4967176616191864,
0.2934977114200592,
0.01116943359375,
-0.2454291433095932,
-0.204833984375,
0.1724989116191864,
0.1531100869178772,
0.1495903879404068,
0.1245998814702034,
0.038859471678733826,
-0.2532823383808136,
0.4066568911075592,
0.0462985560297966,
0.1779581755399704,
-0.1680230051279068,
-0.4346788227558136,
0.25651466846466064,
0.1973741352558136,
-0.1939832866191864,
-0.0835910364985466,
0.3154025673866272,
0.4403482973575592,
0.3446994423866272,
4.21484375,
0.06364313513040543,
0.2457071989774704,
-0.0617947056889534,
-0.3424207866191864,
-0.01291486993432045,
0.7533637285232544,
-0.4994845986366272,
0.06083085760474205,
-0.0931532084941864,
0.049728818237781525,
0.0007154676713980734,
-0.3033854067325592,
0.1754489541053772,
-0.1791788786649704,
0.1711357980966568,
-0.0128462053835392,
0.2656792402267456,
0.6054145097732544,
0.3133002519607544,
-0.4870334267616272,
0.8746201992034912,
0.2686360776424408,
-0.15147823095321655,
0.4644639790058136,
0.0007510714931413531,
0.2615831196308136,
-0.08915498852729797,
0.06275558471679688,
0.7279188632965088,
0.2603895366191864,
0.4252387285232544,
0.0545891672372818,
0.2978786826133728,
-0.3094211220741272,
0.7193739414215088,
0.3086073100566864,
0.3164740800857544,
0.0318840891122818,
0.2048746794462204,
-0.2490437775850296,
-0.1379021555185318,
0.2752549946308136,
0.6871201992034912,
-0.0488332100212574,
-0.2599012553691864,
0.3166775107383728,
0.6911349892616272,
-0.0362074114382267,
0.5900065302848816,
0.3237169086933136,
-0.3397081196308136,
0.0950826033949852,
-0.2848137617111206,
0.5133463740348816,
0.5512966513633728,
0.1524556428194046,
0.2315538227558136,
-0.3255750834941864,
0.2462158203125,
0.3988037109375,
-0.0204298235476017,
0.03937022015452385,
-0.0136197404935956,
-0.3002794086933136,
0.1537916362285614,
0.1637912392616272,
0.1609564870595932,
-0.009394328109920025,
-0.4017605185508728,
0.499755859375,
0.4278157651424408,
0.1750420480966568,
-0.5349663496017456,
0.1782090961933136,
0.11311255395412445,
-0.1474202424287796,
-0.06822967529296875,
-0.0804172083735466,
-0.2645128071308136,
0.01534355990588665,
-0.3519151508808136,
0.1368374228477478,
0.3412950336933136,
-0.0398593470454216,
0.4998643696308136,
0.3215738832950592,
-0.28670671582221985,
0.4941135048866272,
0.2368571013212204,
0.2802598774433136,
0.01604122668504715,
0.1714138388633728,
0.1655917763710022,
-0.1987440288066864,
0.1849704384803772,
-0.06848886609077454,
-4.01085090637207,
0.0667402446269989,
0.4120279848575592,
-0.3206651508808136,
0.09396786242723465,
0.2963595986366272,
0.2134907990694046,
0.0685204416513443,
-0.18060302734375,
0.16128836572170258,
-0.3752983808517456,
-0.2635158896446228,
-0.001911163330078125,
-0.05953407287597656,
0.1965399831533432,
0.2775200605392456,
0.2408362478017807,
0.2307807058095932,
0.0479041188955307,
-0.2599012553691864,
0.1885003000497818,
0.2711046040058136,
0.3469645082950592,
-0.3651936948299408,
0.14284855127334595,
0.3092176616191864,
0.24963082373142242,
-0.3766547441482544,
0.4119194746017456,
0.2398003488779068,
-0.2011786550283432,
-0.3457166850566864,
0.4375813901424408,
-0.3265245258808136,
0.3574897050857544,
0.459716796875,
0.09698486328125,
-0.0438198521733284,
0.3999294638633728,
0.4517957866191864,
0.1309916228055954,
-0.010284423828125,
0.2313503623008728,
0.2390407919883728,
0.4092339277267456,
-0.1672838032245636,
-0.1814982146024704,
-0.0809546560049057,
-0.3644477128982544,
0.3924560546875,
0.3175727128982544,
0.2609727680683136,
-0.1678873747587204,
0.2873941957950592,
0.5213215947151184,
-0.2222764790058136,
-0.3297119140625,
-0.09999338537454605,
0.2797173261642456,
-0.0711025670170784,
0.2170274555683136,
0.2162950336933136,
0.1522487998008728,
-0.21115663647651672,
0.0302463099360466,
-0.17091242969036102,
0.03769184648990631,
0.5749782919883728,
0.4097629189491272,
-0.2597520649433136,
-0.1462910920381546,
0.040861766785383224,
0.0737745463848114,
0.1610141396522522,
0.2569580078125,
0.16897159814834595,
-0.1985066682100296,
-0.11901601403951645,
0.5816514492034912,
0.1879611611366272,
-0.013353983871638775,
0.2309536337852478,
-0.3917507529258728,
0.0556165911257267,
2.345811605453491,
-0.04217529296875,
2.0696613788604736,
0.1735975444316864,
-0.3262854814529419,
0.3545735776424408,
0.1826765239238739,
0.3873969316482544,
-0.1143934428691864,
0.1649983674287796,
-0.1062689870595932,
-0.2965087890625,
0.08181551098823547,
0.2579922080039978,
-0.013294007629156113,
-0.1924777626991272,
0.4528537392616272,
-0.9552680253982544,
-0.2773912250995636,
-0.1705051064491272,
0.4245063066482544,
0.01752387173473835,
0.1396484375,
-0.1042989119887352,
0.3988579511642456,
-0.01983133889734745,
-0.21724912524223328,
-0.081695556640625,
-0.03164227679371834,
-0.2379285991191864,
-0.025836944580078125,
0.65869140625,
0.1278703510761261,
0.2351887971162796,
-0.1662479043006897,
0.4335123598575592,
-0.0709126815199852,
4.700954914093018,
-0.0615742988884449,
0.04031266272068024,
-0.2900526225566864,
0.0021794636268168688,
0.01215277798473835,
0.6189236044883728,
0.0557030588388443,
-0.0949605330824852,
0.053847312927246094,
0.4766710102558136,
-0.1990254670381546,
0.3628200888633728,
0.1485324501991272,
0.3518337607383728,
0.021474625915288925,
-0.004584153648465872,
0.3213975727558136,
-0.13812892138957977,
0.1957194060087204,
0.16253662109375,
-0.0190573800355196,
0.3268771767616272,
-0.04936663433909416,
0.2461073100566864,
0.031193839386105537,
0.5841742753982544,
-0.1487969309091568,
-0.04289987310767174,
0.3615993857383728,
0.1429884135723114,
5.473958492279053,
-0.20121341943740845,
0.3363986611366272,
-0.0883517786860466,
-0.3384467363357544,
0.043991513550281525,
-0.494384765625,
-0.2856174111366272,
-0.2545708417892456,
-0.0465799979865551,
0.1241082102060318,
0.02342902310192585,
-0.2297770231962204,
0.4404703676700592,
-0.3078681230545044,
-0.0042275320738554,
-0.2820773720741272,
-0.04522620141506195,
-0.0817277729511261,
-0.1623501181602478,
0.21687231957912445,
-0.11703576147556305,
0.1583455353975296,
-0.1278143972158432,
-0.11197492480278015,
-0.1532626748085022,
-0.0793474018573761,
-0.1728329062461853,
-0.08413781225681305,
0.1077134907245636,
0.4162868857383728,
0.3233913779258728,
0.5385199785232544,
0.2295193076133728,
0.0460340715944767,
-0.0585191510617733,
-0.1959771066904068,
0.3116319477558136,
0.1040513813495636,
-0.10122765600681305,
0.3906521201133728,
-0.07789378613233566,
-0.2058987021446228,
-0.1836378276348114,
-0.2926432192325592,
-0.0041097006760537624,
0.0842522531747818,
-0.1223415806889534,
-0.0278922189027071,
-0.1706780344247818,
0.0053812661208212376,
0.3281792402267456,
0.9488932490348816,
0.05876180902123451,
0.102223239839077,
0.3051622211933136,
0.3565673828125,
-0.1881442666053772,
-0.0565321184694767,
-0.29915788769721985,
0.4792751669883728,
0.2600233256816864,
-0.08504719287157059,
0.6993815302848816,
0.50244140625,
0.429931640625,
0.3031277060508728,
0.00813886895775795,
0.351318359375,
-0.205474853515625,
-0.3006320595741272,
0.0318637415766716,
-0.1540188193321228,
-0.0253465436398983,
0.0639207661151886,
0.0563218854367733,
0.2809109091758728,
-0.01245795376598835,
-0.3744845986366272,
-0.2126193642616272,
-0.3428005576133728,
0.3349744975566864,
-0.1892361044883728,
0.1180318221449852,
0.2893880307674408,
0.1097818985581398,
-0.09147580713033676,
0.022419823333621025,
0.5992567539215088,
-0.1125657856464386,
0.23162841796875,
0.2163628488779068,
-0.4619683027267456,
0.3318277895450592,
-0.0175967738032341,
0.0325690358877182,
0.639892578125,
0.6636284589767456,
0.3653428852558136,
-0.1416015625,
-0.1217413991689682,
0.3342556357383728,
0.2566562294960022,
-0.3843858540058136,
0.2105509489774704,
-0.2134806364774704,
-0.0783284530043602,
-0.1735975444316864,
0.4568684995174408,
-0.04678090289235115,
0.3660753071308136,
0.7026909589767456,
0.1664903461933136,
0.0025059382896870375,
-0.023506376892328262
] |
7 | When is the dialectical method used? | [
{
"docid": "16028377#0",
"text": "The Dialect Test was created by A.J. Ellis in February 1879, and was used in the fieldwork for his work \"On Early English Pronunciation\". It stands as one of the earliest methods of identifying vowel sounds and features of speech. The aim was to capture the main vowel sounds of an individual dialect by listening to the reading of a short passage. All the categories of West Saxon words and vowels were included in the test so that comparisons could be made with the historic West Saxon speech as well as with various other dialects.",
"title": "Dialect Test"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "37780131#9",
"text": "The little arrow method is an early method for comparing regional dialects. In the little arrows method, researchers begin with a general map of a region, often with traditional linguistic dialect boundaries indicated for reference. Then, informants from several sites are asked how similar they believe the language of other sites is to their own. Sites which participants indicate as being extremely similar are connected by a \"little arrow.\" By gathering responses from several informants and sites, these \"little arrows\" connect to form networks of related languages. From this information, information on perceptual dialectical boundaries can be drawn. Perceptual dialect categories consist of areas linked together by the \"little arrows,\" and dialect borders are indicated when there are no connections between sites. These informant-perceived categories can then be compared to more traditional linguistic boundaries for further analysis.",
"title": "Perceptual dialectology"
},
{
"docid": "52813#41",
"text": "Karl Popper has attacked the dialectic repeatedly. In 1937, he wrote and delivered a paper entitled \"What Is Dialectic?\" in which he attacked the dialectical method for its willingness \"to put up with contradictions\". Popper concluded the essay with these words: \"The whole development of dialectic should be a warning against the dangers inherent in philosophical system-building. It should remind us that philosophy should not be made a basis for any sort of scientific system and that philosophers should be much more modest in their claims. One task which they can fulfill quite usefully is the study of the critical methods of science\" (Ibid., p. 335).",
"title": "Dialectic"
},
{
"docid": "39388172#2",
"text": "He was one of the first to apply Labovian methods in Britain with his research in 1970-1 on the speech of Bradford, Halifax and Huddersfield. He concluded that the speech detailed in most of dialectology (e.g. A. J. Ellis, the Survey of English Dialects) had virtually disappeared, having found only one speaker out of his sample of 106 speakers who regularly used dialect. However, he found that differences in speech persisted as an indicator of social class, age and gender. This PhD dissertation was later adapted into a book, \"Dialect and Accent in Industrial West Yorkshire\". The work was criticised by Graham Shorrocks on the grounds that the sociolinguistic methods used were inappropriate for recording the traditional vernacular and that there was an inadequate basis for comparison with earlier dialect studies in West Yorkshire.",
"title": "K. M. Petyt"
},
{
"docid": "229236#16",
"text": "The Institute also attempted to reformulate dialectics as a concrete method. The use of such a dialectical method can be traced back to the philosophy of Hegel, who conceived dialectic as the tendency of a notion to pass over into its own negation as the result of conflict between its inherent contradictory aspects. In opposition to previous modes of thought, which viewed things in abstraction, each by itself and as though endowed with fixed properties, Hegelian dialectic has the ability to consider ideas according to their movement and change in time, as well as according to their interrelations and interactions.",
"title": "Frankfurt School"
},
{
"docid": "44379567#10",
"text": "For Marx, dialectics is not a formula for generating predetermined outcomes but is a method for the empirical study of social processes in terms of interrelations, development, and transformation. In his introduction to the Penguin edition of Marx's \"Capital\", Ernest Mandel writes, \"When the dialectical method is applied to the study of economic problems, economic phenomena are not viewed separately from each other, by bits and pieces, but in their inner connection as an integrated totality, structured around, and by, a basic predominant mode of production.\"",
"title": "Dialectical materialism"
},
{
"docid": "9165313#5",
"text": "Among linguists, the Dialect Grammar has been criticised more than the Dialect Dictionary itself. Wright has been accused of borrowing material from the work of Alexander John Ellis that he had previously criticised. Peter Anderson claimed that Wright did Ellis a \"disservice\" by criticising the methods used in collecting data, but then using almost identical methods in \"English Dialect Grammar\" and taking on much of Ellis's data for his own work. Both Peter Anderson and Graham Shorrocks have argued that Wright distorted Ellis's data by using a less precise phonetic notation and using vague geographical areas rather than the precise locations given by Ellis. Helga Koekeritz stated that Wright's information on the Suffolk dialect was almost entirely derived from Ellis, and Warren Maguire has made similar comments about Wright's information on the north-east of England whilst also saying that the Grammar did introduce much new material.",
"title": "The English Dialect Dictionary"
},
{
"docid": "44379567#30",
"text": "Some evolutionary biologists, such as Richard Lewontin and the late Stephen Jay Gould, have tried to employ dialectical materialism in their approach. They view dialectics as playing a precautionary heuristic role in their work. From Lewontin's perspective, we get this idea:\nDialectical materialism is not, and never has been, a programmatic method for solving particular physical problems. Rather, a dialectical analysis provides an overview and a set of warning signs against particular forms of dogmatism and narrowness of thought. It tells us, \"Remember that history may leave an important trace. Remember that being and becoming are dual aspects of nature. Remember that conditions change and that the conditions necessary to the initiation of some process may be destroyed by the process itself. Remember to pay attention to real objects in time and space and not lose them in utterly idealized abstractions. Remember that the qualitative effects of context and interaction may be lost when phenomena are isolated\". And above all else, \"Remember that all the other caveats are only reminders and warning signs whose application to different circumstances of the real world is contingent.\"\nGould shared similar views regarding a heuristic role for dialectical materialism. He wrote that:",
"title": "Dialectical materialism"
},
{
"docid": "16211468#6",
"text": "The firing up of his country leads us to think that his motivation would have been to glorify the image of Finland. For this reason, he is considered the first Fennoman of Finland. The works of Juslenius, however, were scholarly dissertations which complied with the requirements of academics of the time. The so-called method of dialectics was used in his research, this dialectic configuration counterpoint in the works of Juslenius came from the struggle of two images of Finland. Juslenius appeared to be an advocate of the Finns and he encountered appreciative foreigners on his imaginary soapbox. His mission was to eliminate all of the unfavourable claims against the Finnish people and prove the exact opposite. With the dialectic method, the subject and content were side factors in his research. It was more important to show his scholarliness by using Latin clearly and logically. Finland and its people were the subject of debate in a crowd of others.",
"title": "Daniel Juslenius"
},
{
"docid": "21381965#1",
"text": "Dialectical research may also be thought of as the opposite of empirical research, in that the researcher is working with arguments and ideas, rather than data. Indeed Bertell Ollman (1993) argues that all research is either dialectical or nondialectical. Dialectical research may be applied to a range of problems. For instance, Eli Berniker and David McNabb (2006) argue for the application of dialectical research for the study of organizational processes, and James Page (2008) has used a dialectical research method to develop a philosophy of peace education.",
"title": "Dialectical research"
}
] | [
0.2930908203125,
0.6073997020721436,
-0.06883898377418518,
0.16968606412410736,
0.015615983866155148,
-0.2786442041397095,
0.21841707825660706,
-0.3321422338485718,
0.06047959625720978,
0.47256746888160706,
-0.42968472838401794,
-0.36899635195732117,
-0.46542081236839294,
0.29770728945732117,
-0.6995294690132141,
-0.11344978958368301,
0.19057394564151764,
-0.04651295021176338,
0.13492654263973236,
0.09615811705589294,
-0.05637567862868309,
0.45205965638160706,
-0.18691739439964294,
0.045652564615011215,
-0.20760831236839294,
0.21598677337169647,
-0.2673783600330353,
0.2069091796875,
-0.21831859648227692,
0.05676243454217911,
0.24284224212169647,
0.04719092696905136,
-0.2953546643257141,
0.38649681210517883,
-0.268798828125,
0.033286355435848236,
0.1155218631029129,
0.04970351234078407,
0.0011881048558279872,
0.20510725677013397,
-0.0677289068698883,
0.0871252566576004,
0.038076747208833694,
-0.13437722623348236,
0.32918480038642883,
-0.4374889135360718,
-0.22925497591495514,
0.19336630403995514,
0.1351373791694641,
-0.0011187467025592923,
-0.07896839827299118,
-0.2651922106742859,
-0.4061834216117859,
-0.04881633445620537,
-0.0875396728515625,
0.7478693127632141,
0.03721427917480469,
0.6867231726646423,
0.19389082491397858,
0.2114923596382141,
0.05205119773745537,
0.07240121811628342,
-0.3474786877632141,
-0.049540258944034576,
0.13263148069381714,
0.26220703125,
0.049135033041238785,
0.08057264983654022,
-0.042615022510290146,
0.16726961731910706,
0.06767689436674118,
0.5467529296875,
0.5140491724014282,
-0.08109734207391739,
-0.012108542956411839,
-0.2489013671875,
0.04986988380551338,
0.04617725685238838,
0.23271594941616058,
-0.40671607851982117,
0.396240234375,
-0.058907248079776764,
-0.01177978515625,
0.31931373476982117,
0.05158684402704239,
0.3945978283882141,
0.18136319518089294,
0.24659867584705353,
0.025453394278883934,
0.4825328588485718,
-0.2872869372367859,
-0.06307428330183029,
-0.06364510208368301,
-0.030647624284029007,
0.03205247223377228,
0.15178541839122772,
0.3782404065132141,
-0.4332719147205353,
0.10666310042142868,
-0.07401899993419647,
-0.0959545448422432,
-0.2963978052139282,
-0.021162552759051323,
0.28578880429267883,
0.3287242650985718,
-0.3739124536514282,
0.041007302701473236,
-0.07163030654191971,
0.2141057848930359,
0.2811778783798218,
0.27502337098121643,
0.012746637687087059,
0.10133084654808044,
-0.10153475403785706,
0.22209860384464264,
0.4648881256580353,
0.3227306604385376,
-0.1539251208305359,
-0.6021728515625,
-1.0643643140792847,
0.428466796875,
0.4182572662830353,
-0.2860218286514282,
-0.5682706236839294,
0.2724609375,
0.07004893571138382,
0.7001065611839294,
-0.4501509368419647,
0.7234552502632141,
0.1614171862602234,
-0.11804407089948654,
0.3798273205757141,
0.39487525820732117,
0.46475496888160706,
0.2932018041610718,
0.2804759740829468,
-0.0329156368970871,
-0.11990911513566971,
-0.28921785950660706,
-0.2910600006580353,
0.08840231597423553,
-0.09023077040910721,
0.5364657044410706,
0.6757257580757141,
0.11024058610200882,
0.3189142346382141,
-0.128631591796875,
0.2675337493419647,
-0.27475807070732117,
0.29402855038642883,
0.020258469507098198,
-0.06819222122430801,
-0.32882967591285706,
0.5690696239471436,
-0.19778165221214294,
0.18125568330287933,
0.19108372926712036,
0.7111150622367859,
0.1037243902683258,
0.2730269134044647,
0.6906072497367859,
0.40720435976982117,
0.16046419739723206,
-0.28164950013160706,
0.01144686620682478,
0.28530052304267883,
-0.29428377747535706,
0.4541015625,
0.45492276549339294,
-0.25624778866767883,
0.09978692978620529,
-0.37264737486839294,
0.3152521252632141,
0.12128517776727676,
0.24875155091285706,
0.2537176012992859,
0.017134232446551323,
-0.23033557832241058,
-0.15932117402553558,
0.28255394101142883,
0.13325223326683044,
0.01586151123046875,
0.5756391882896423,
0.3568115234375,
0.6476606726646423,
0.1839599609375,
0.6466619372367859,
0.18622936308383942,
-0.2685713469982147,
0.08287325501441956,
0.030731894075870514,
0.034737326204776764,
0.6447532176971436,
0.029730362817645073,
-0.15167097747325897,
0.12174571305513382,
-0.19931238889694214,
0.5530450940132141,
-0.35611239075660706,
0.09862032532691956,
-0.0068331630900502205,
0.15456460416316986,
-0.46608665585517883,
0.13280972838401794,
0.17847512662410736,
-0.4961603283882141,
0.2576349377632141,
0.2577761113643646,
-0.06189051643013954,
0.12824803590774536,
0.048858642578125,
0.036562833935022354,
0.24934525787830353,
0.6315473914146423,
-0.3764093518257141,
0.34194114804267883,
-0.42897728085517883,
0.0937090814113617,
0.42582008242607117,
0.04600108787417412,
-0.2875199615955353,
0.4455455541610718,
-0.028153853490948677,
-0.2685990631580353,
0.3843328356742859,
0.1499684900045395,
-0.12396135926246643,
-0.5598810315132141,
0.1164269894361496,
0.12218683212995529,
0.1654413342475891,
-0.09504006057977676,
-0.0897369384765625,
-0.4352916479110718,
0.3095758557319641,
0.4568536877632141,
0.1839599609375,
0.13142810761928558,
-0.019004475325345993,
0.19243274629116058,
0.32196876406669617,
0.1917058825492859,
-0.3928666412830353,
-0.03884332999587059,
0.4644664525985718,
-0.5317604541778564,
0.1252240240573883,
-0.29873934388160706,
-0.17496837675571442,
0.13393749296665192,
0.011031410656869411,
-0.29336270689964294,
0.06910844147205353,
0.3334850072860718,
-0.11774236708879471,
0.14424271881580353,
0.06046086922287941,
-0.4971923828125,
0.3764759302139282,
-0.10801072418689728,
0.04783768951892853,
0.45760831236839294,
0.1934606432914734,
0.2329656481742859,
0.030073685571551323,
-0.13441051542758942,
0.5053489208221436,
0.49283114075660706,
-0.1658935546875,
-0.22481466829776764,
0.3462024927139282,
0.14713634550571442,
0.01028927881270647,
0.3028663396835327,
-0.04869703948497772,
-0.12167635560035706,
0.4236283600330353,
0.02587127685546875,
-0.28628817200660706,
-0.02242487110197544,
0.37252530455589294,
0.13793529570102692,
-0.08726362884044647,
0.148101806640625,
0.46042701601982117,
0.8231090307235718,
-0.022779984399676323,
0.00425581494346261,
-0.3763927221298218,
-0.08887620270252228,
0.19582019746303558,
0.5026411414146423,
0.05681714043021202,
-0.39718350768089294,
-0.05427689850330353,
0.1648504137992859,
0.3754217028617859,
0.04629169777035713,
0.2647705078125,
0.02998664230108261,
0.7186834216117859,
-0.3099476099014282,
0.41262540221214294,
0.5618563294410706,
0.22224010527133942,
-0.1972627490758896,
-0.5626997351646423,
0.13874123990535736,
0.0068484218791127205,
0.2917425036430359,
0.17016185820102692,
-0.5178666710853577,
-0.044625021517276764,
0.5787242650985718,
0.1686456799507141,
0.2930561304092407,
0.33487215638160706,
0.31990745663642883,
0.25137051939964294,
0.10830549895763397,
-0.40768155455589294,
-0.23977938294410706,
-0.3613947033882141,
0.21782198548316956,
0.06453288346529007,
-0.3743230700492859,
0.2606756091117859,
-0.4159046411514282,
0.4022771716117859,
-0.09977514296770096,
0.1020611822605133,
0.3090043365955353,
-0.059513796120882034,
-0.4741876721382141,
-0.17262683808803558,
0.38216885924339294,
0.32446566224098206,
0.8173828125,
0.0814746543765068,
0.08157903701066971,
0.4560103118419647,
-0.16871227324008942,
-0.029196999967098236,
0.2604869604110718,
-0.028216274455189705,
0.3717151880264282,
-0.11183721572160721,
0.2107488512992859,
0.44082918763160706,
-0.20036731660366058,
0.04819488525390625,
-0.02748662792146206,
-0.15464644134044647,
0.1849042773246765,
0.05795842781662941,
0.22197237610816956,
0.6746271252632141,
0.08183427155017853,
0.2622181177139282,
-0.3174271881580353,
0.19635842740535736,
0.19635009765625,
0.12572132050991058,
0.141937255859375,
0.3351273834705353,
0.4297540783882141,
0.017413746565580368,
0.11324656754732132,
-0.00006797097012167796,
0.380615234375,
-0.02039129100739956,
-0.13470181822776794,
0.05181243270635605,
-0.15236039459705353,
-0.3864856958389282,
-0.34275123476982117,
-0.3325972259044647,
0.5657848119735718,
0.4495072662830353,
0.006955927237868309,
0.2885076403617859,
0.5960804224014282,
0.22765003144741058,
-0.2848455309867859,
0.010676470585167408,
-0.0129817184060812,
0.21451498568058014,
-0.1314690262079239,
0.0119781494140625,
-0.2656360864639282,
0.14558757841587067,
0.0059814453125,
0.053250398486852646,
-0.20052267611026764,
-0.5424138903617859,
0.08489955216646194,
-0.10184132307767868,
0.032462380826473236,
0.8189808130264282,
0.10632879287004471,
-0.030531449243426323,
0.2568359375,
-0.13517484068870544,
0.14056396484375,
4.116832256317139,
0.3133101165294647,
0.39657869935035706,
0.2822820544242859,
-0.11049998551607132,
0.17528118193149567,
0.3596746325492859,
-0.27865323424339294,
-0.09191638976335526,
0.059298429638147354,
-0.30002662539482117,
-0.11557561904191971,
-0.10830133408308029,
0.2976476550102234,
-0.08853565901517868,
0.20071688294410706,
0.0797528326511383,
0.07181323319673538,
0.13010476529598236,
0.27199485898017883,
-0.19842806458473206,
0.4250932037830353,
0.2495782971382141,
0.20877352356910706,
0.020552895963191986,
0.3106023669242859,
0.4056507349014282,
0.16414017975330353,
-0.09544458985328674,
0.40969017148017883,
0.37032803893089294,
0.17014382779598236,
0.3690962493419647,
-0.5132057666778564,
-0.7896395325660706,
-0.053957853466272354,
0.02771589905023575,
-0.08943453431129456,
0.06595819443464279,
-0.05759533867239952,
-0.2922474145889282,
-0.1857244372367859,
-0.07166914641857147,
0.40895774960517883,
-0.3987371325492859,
-0.16914506256580353,
-0.047179482877254486,
0.5766157507896423,
0.3386341333389282,
0.19815272092819214,
0.6973987817764282,
-0.07930824905633926,
-0.011687885969877243,
-0.22763338685035706,
-0.027960777282714844,
0.5898659229278564,
0.22915372252464294,
0.5181995630264282,
0.19229403138160706,
-0.2362768054008484,
-0.010761001147329807,
-0.18408203125,
0.3955633044242859,
-0.010184201411902905,
-0.2809614837169647,
0.17905841767787933,
0.34820279479026794,
-0.22411970794200897,
0.4388427734375,
-0.06760163605213165,
0.03819413483142853,
0.32373046875,
0.1621343493461609,
-0.17491565644741058,
0.06187855079770088,
0.07586219161748886,
-0.5541548132896423,
0.0003218217461835593,
0.22553397715091705,
0.10760636627674103,
0.3931441009044647,
-0.431884765625,
-0.00993832666426897,
-0.12710294127464294,
0.11545076966285706,
0.53466796875,
0.23969893157482147,
-0.28280916810035706,
0.43472567200660706,
0.04600108787417412,
0.29347923398017883,
0.222503662109375,
0.1773126721382141,
0.12431144714355469,
0.32672119140625,
-0.041130758821964264,
0.015330921858549118,
-4.056107997894287,
0.2786976099014282,
0.18265047669410706,
-0.12423983216285706,
0.07940118759870529,
-0.20199862122535706,
0.20982222259044647,
0.1818792223930359,
-0.20931173861026764,
-0.05816650390625,
0.09603188186883926,
0.05441908538341522,
-0.42196378111839294,
0.1282799392938614,
0.16596569120883942,
0.0341033935546875,
0.1600092053413391,
0.045996926724910736,
0.5396617650985718,
0.013540788553655148,
0.30709561705589294,
-0.06249965354800224,
0.1628972887992859,
-0.08756325393915176,
0.20846834778785706,
0.05289216339588165,
-0.04173417389392853,
-0.14440640807151794,
0.12276770919561386,
0.11962301284074783,
-0.013115623034536839,
-0.28932884335517883,
0.6015403270721436,
-0.18445934355258942,
0.13704127073287964,
0.36849698424339294,
0.523681640625,
0.2631946802139282,
0.23190030455589294,
0.15791979432106018,
0.24177412688732147,
-0.09811332076787949,
0.244293212890625,
-0.04775584861636162,
0.12535719573497772,
0.4382435083389282,
0.00368499755859375,
-0.08104289323091507,
-0.5152477025985718,
-0.10623064637184143,
0.36930570006370544,
0.38950416445732117,
-0.3101806640625,
-0.26431551575660706,
0.5291637182235718,
0.23085160553455353,
-0.22143277525901794,
0.08040618896484375,
0.1764977127313614,
-0.2383478283882141,
0.08366463333368301,
-0.40598365664482117,
0.14642333984375,
0.07633347809314728,
0.285369873046875,
-0.051623258739709854,
-0.187744140625,
0.2646581530570984,
-0.09086192399263382,
-0.2504841089248657,
0.3601545989513397,
0.3464910387992859,
-0.12607644498348236,
-0.10635306686162949,
0.2517755627632141,
0.48550692200660706,
-0.06722745299339294,
-0.05573480948805809,
0.5271661877632141,
0.17686323821544647,
0.024758772924542427,
0.10539107024669647,
-0.42795631289482117,
-0.007698752451688051,
2.5545098781585693,
0.1710718274116516,
2.222123622894287,
-0.11324171721935272,
0.0008184259640984237,
0.5241033434867859,
-0.09218528121709824,
-0.07473928481340408,
0.16151012480258942,
0.48659446835517883,
-0.04945913329720497,
-0.11944025009870529,
0.09136962890625,
0.21383389830589294,
-0.3521284759044647,
-0.2261962890625,
0.30434349179267883,
-0.7184947729110718,
0.164961040019989,
-0.12929673492908478,
0.0267333984375,
0.10289140045642853,
-0.4074041247367859,
0.13459362089633942,
0.2747913599014282,
0.4329944849014282,
-0.15676602721214294,
0.11909762024879456,
0.08307161927223206,
-0.27450284361839294,
-0.16195955872535706,
-0.1788330078125,
0.12014493346214294,
-0.10210349410772324,
-0.013304710388183594,
0.2061212658882141,
0.28086158633232117,
4.646661758422852,
-0.11037652939558029,
0.2825372815132141,
-0.27945223450660706,
0.26968660950660706,
0.17503495514392853,
0.15021203458309174,
0.44034090638160706,
0.38303443789482117,
0.40212181210517883,
0.4733109772205353,
0.1682586669921875,
0.1091461181640625,
0.04767608642578125,
0.46175870299339294,
0.2301025390625,
0.15055708587169647,
0.5803666710853577,
0.09530570358037949,
0.14313854277133942,
0.13649819791316986,
0.538330078125,
0.41135475039482117,
-0.07218308746814728,
0.09892585128545761,
0.14517489075660706,
0.43967506289482117,
-0.11685597151517868,
-0.096923828125,
0.7195934057235718,
0.31356534361839294,
5.463423252105713,
-0.053429171442985535,
0.3776744604110718,
-0.01595843955874443,
-0.0877484381198883,
0.5292081236839294,
-0.40212181210517883,
0.1511285901069641,
-0.6241565942764282,
-0.1688287854194641,
0.28257057070732117,
-0.07158868759870529,
-0.12608475983142853,
0.22962118685245514,
-0.1355770230293274,
0.26521995663642883,
-0.23690518736839294,
-0.48996803164482117,
0.17536024749279022,
-0.22657360136508942,
0.3728471100330353,
0.06954400986433029,
0.0989990234375,
-0.18579240143299103,
-0.15314067900180817,
0.4573197662830353,
0.07434220612049103,
0.43434837460517883,
-0.4490411877632141,
-0.3975108861923218,
0.5207297801971436,
0.31625643372535706,
-0.29897239804267883,
0.008605610579252243,
0.27944114804267883,
0.22754183411598206,
-0.11433827131986618,
0.13847628235816956,
0.2796283960342407,
-0.22278109192848206,
0.09938742965459824,
0.21927295625209808,
-0.25729647278785706,
0.06800980865955353,
0.28668212890625,
0.11782004684209824,
-0.19588956236839294,
-0.09246826171875,
0.055326636880636215,
-0.2610612213611603,
-0.062068939208984375,
0.1109243705868721,
1.0116299390792847,
0.09823331236839294,
0.07684603333473206,
0.4208540618419647,
0.11652582138776779,
0.1980035901069641,
0.22922585904598236,
0.03769129142165184,
0.3925337493419647,
0.004467964172363281,
-0.10213678330183029,
0.5206187963485718,
0.6024280786514282,
0.2774547338485718,
0.08660819381475449,
0.1421453356742859,
0.5780362486839294,
-0.1790826916694641,
0.14811082184314728,
-0.1706598401069641,
0.22702859342098236,
0.3790394067764282,
0.025178389623761177,
-0.01040564849972725,
-0.2411443591117859,
-0.15391263365745544,
0.3375909924507141,
0.2774214446544647,
-0.2866765856742859,
-0.11791437119245529,
-0.25685814023017883,
0.270843505859375,
-0.11950189620256424,
0.09365012496709824,
-0.06292169541120529,
0.09188426285982132,
0.3476451635360718,
-0.1788385510444641,
0.487548828125,
-0.28500089049339294,
0.07822713255882263,
0.35270413756370544,
0.019031871110200882,
0.23853649199008942,
0.15312887728214264,
0.38503196835517883,
0.1545507311820984,
0.41361305117607117,
-0.4008345305919647,
0.3162841796875,
0.047467317432165146,
-0.02153344638645649,
0.2683771252632141,
-0.053135957568883896,
0.01922503300011158,
-0.21578702330589294,
0.3315013647079468,
-0.15305675566196442,
0.4268243908882141,
0.23869185149669647,
-0.42727938294410706,
0.11381635069847107,
0.03268571197986603
] |
8 | Have the Colorado Rockies won a title? | [
{
"docid": "20243618#0",
"text": "The Colorado Rockies are a professional baseball team based in Denver, Colorado. The club has been owned since formation by Charles and Richard Monfort. The Rockies were created as an expansion team for the 1993 season and rose to a postseason appearance after three seasons and the 1994–95 strike. Since then they have played in the postseason four more times: in 2007 (when they lost the World Series to the Red Sox), 2009, 2017, and 2018. In 2012, the Rockies won only 64 games - the fewest in their history over a full season. They are one of the two MLB franchises that has never won a division title.",
"title": "List of Colorado Rockies seasons"
},
{
"docid": "6669#0",
"text": "The Colorado Rockies are an American professional baseball team based in Denver, Colorado. The Rockies compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. The team's home venue is Coors Field, located in the Lower Downtown area of Denver. The Rockies won their first National League championship in 2007, after having won 14 of their final 15 games in order to secure a Wild Card position. In the World Series they were swept by the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox in four games.",
"title": "Colorado Rockies"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "19824141#0",
"text": "The Colorado Rockies' 2009 season is a season in American baseball, in which the Rockies won their third Wild Card title, and second in three years. The Rockies drew 2,665,080 fans for the season, their highest total since 2002. The average home attendance was 32,902 fans. Their 92 regular season wins is currently the most in a single season in Rockies franchise history.",
"title": "2009 Colorado Rockies season"
},
{
"docid": "6669#2",
"text": "In 1993, they started play in the West division of the National League. The Rockies were MLB's first team based in the Mountain Time Zone. They have reached the Major League Baseball postseason five times, each time as the National League wild card team. Twice (1995 and 2009) they were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs. In 2007, the Rockies advanced to the World Series, only to be swept by the Boston Red Sox. Like their expansion brethren, the Miami Marlins, they have never won a division title since their establishment; they are also one of two current MLB teams that have never won their division.",
"title": "Colorado Rockies"
},
{
"docid": "33768743#27",
"text": "With the win, the Rockies made the playoffs for the first time since 1995, and went on to face the Philadelphia Phillies in the NLDS. Colorado won the first game in Philadelphia, 4–2. The Rockies also won the second game in Philadelphia, 10–5, with the help of Kazuo Matsui's 4th inning grand slam. On October 6, 2007, the Rockies completed a three-game sweep of the Phillies by winning 2–1 in Colorado. The three-game sweep was Colorado's first post-season series win in team history. The Rockies went on to play in the NLCS against the Arizona Diamondbacks, who swept their own NLDS against the Chicago Cubs. Colorado won the first two games of the NLCS against the Diamondbacks in Phoenix, then won their third game against the Diamondbacks in Denver on Sunday, October 14. That pushed the Rockies' combined late-season (September 16 and after) and post-season run to 20 wins and just 1 loss, the single loss coming against Arizona on September 28, 2007 – the 160th game of the regular season. This made Colorado only the third team in the last half-century, and the first in the National League since the 1936 New York Giants, to have a 20–1 stretch at any point of a season. The fourth game of the NLCS was won by the Rockies by a score of 6–4, completing a four-game sweep of Arizona. Holliday was named the NLCS MVP, as he hit .333 with two home runs and four RBIs during the series. The NLCS sweep earned the Rockies their first National League pennant in franchise history. The Rockies became the first team ever to sweep both the division series and league championship series in the same postseason. The club moved to 21–1 over all games played after September 15. By then, the amazing streak of wins became known among fans as \"Rocktober\". In the 2007 World Series, the Rockies faced the Boston Red Sox, and were swept in four games; the first game was 13–1, the second game was 2–1, the third game was 10–5, and the fourth and final game was 4–3. Some attribute the poor play in the World Series to the long lay off from the NLCS.",
"title": "History of the Colorado Rockies"
},
{
"docid": "28204656#2",
"text": "None of the Rockies' first-round picks have won a World Series championship with the team, and no pick has been elected to the Hall of Fame. The Rockies' first-round selection in 1999—Jason Jennings—won the MLB Rookie of the Year award with the franchise in 2002, his first full season in the Major Leagues. Todd Helton—the Rockies' 1995 selection—has won four Silver Slugger Awards and three Gold Gloves, as well as being named to five All-Star teams. Casey Weathers, the Rockies' 2007 selection, won a bronze medal in baseball with the United States team at the 2008 Summer Olympics. The Rockies have never held the first overall pick in the draft, but held the second overall pick once, which they used in 2006 to select Greg Reynolds.",
"title": "List of Colorado Rockies first-round draft picks"
},
{
"docid": "2396338#22",
"text": "In the National League Division Series (NLDS) against the Phillies, Holliday homered twice as the Rockies swept. Colorado then advanced to the National League Championship Series (NLCS) to face the Diamondbacks and swept them in four games. Holliday batted .333 with two home runs and four RBI on his way to being named the NLCS MVP. Now having won 21 of 22 games, the Rockies earned their first-ever trip to the World Series where they opposed the Boston Red Sox. Holliday collected four hits in Game 2, but, after his fourth hit in the eighth inning with the Red Sox leading 2–1, closer Jonathan Papelbon immediately picked him off first base for the third out, and the Red Sox won by that same score. Boston eventually won the title by sweeping the Rockies, thus ending their season on a four-game losing streak.",
"title": "Matt Holliday"
},
{
"docid": "19337219#2",
"text": "The longest Opening Day winning streak for Rockies starting pitchers is three years, when Colorado won in 2004, 2005, and 2006, under three different pitchers, Shawn Estes, Joe Kennedy, and Jason Jennings. Rockies starters have lost twice in two consecutive years, once in 1993 and 1994, and once from 2002 to 2003.",
"title": "List of Colorado Rockies Opening Day starting pitchers"
},
{
"docid": "11512776#1",
"text": "The Rockies, along with the San Diego Padres, made MLB history on Opening Day, April 4, 1999, by playing a contest in Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey in Monterrey, Mexico, making it the first Opening Day game held outside of the United States or Canada. Larry Walker won his second batting title by leading MLB with .379 average, setting a Rockies' club record, and the fourth-high single-season average since Ted Williams hit .406 in 1941. Besides winning the batting championship, Walker also led the major leagues in on-base percentage (.458), and slugging percentage (.710), becoming the first player to lead MLB in all three categories since George Brett in 1980, and the first National Leaguer since Stan Musial in 1943.On April 4, 1999, the Rockies made history as they played their Opening Day contest at Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey in Monterrey, Mexico, marking the first time Major League Baseball (MLB) commenced the regular season outside of the United States or Canada. Their opponent were the defending National League champion San Diego Padres. Vinny Castilla, a native of the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca, delighted the crowd with four hits including a double. Dante Bichette also collected four hits, drove in four runs, and homered, as Colorado won 8–2. The official attendance was 27,104.",
"title": "1999 Colorado Rockies season"
},
{
"docid": "8522#51",
"text": "Denver has been home to two National Hockey League teams. The Colorado Rockies played from 1976 to 1982, but became the New Jersey Devils. The Colorado Avalanche joined in 1995, after relocating from Quebec City. While in Denver, they have won two Stanley Cups in 1996 and in 2001. The Denver Nuggets joined the American Basketball Association in 1967 and the National Basketball Association in 1976. The Avalanche and Nuggets have played at Pepsi Center since 1999. The Major League Soccer team Colorado Rapids play in Dick's Sporting Goods Park, an 18,000-seat soccer-specific stadium opened for the 2007 MLS season in the Denver suburb of Commerce City. The Rapids won the MLS Cup in 2010.",
"title": "Denver"
}
] | [
0.4439697265625,
0.17146606743335724,
-0.13004760444164276,
0.14335937798023224,
0.5215820074081421,
0.48723143339157104,
0.38850098848342896,
-0.3887939453125,
0.2874511778354645,
0.1478279083967209,
-0.24419593811035156,
-0.30180662870407104,
-0.3513427674770355,
0.4443359375,
-0.36750489473342896,
-0.23107299208641052,
0.543627917766571,
-0.21542969346046448,
-0.10996856540441513,
-0.09462738037109375,
0.02830486372113228,
0.3365722596645355,
0.13740769028663635,
0.19089356064796448,
0.053623199462890625,
-0.04776611179113388,
-0.24849243462085724,
0.1719399392604828,
0.31413573026657104,
0.2971557676792145,
0.20384521782398224,
-0.27961426973342896,
0.24343261122703552,
0.41899412870407104,
-0.3048461973667145,
0.3750244081020355,
0.30828857421875,
0.21776732802391052,
0.17174072563648224,
0.5611327886581421,
0.2754760682582855,
0.17537841200828552,
0.26048365235328674,
0.023468494415283203,
0.5776122808456421,
-0.23030701279640198,
0.14328308403491974,
0.005854225251823664,
0.004505920223891735,
0.2870849668979645,
0.2706542909145355,
-0.09829845279455185,
0.009554481133818626,
-0.19453124701976776,
-0.19010619819164276,
-0.14599914848804474,
-0.07778320461511612,
0.4376220703125,
-0.1298370361328125,
-0.029640961438417435,
0.007389068603515625,
0.620434582233429,
-0.16025391221046448,
0.04631461948156357,
-0.05482444912195206,
0.20769043266773224,
-0.07532501220703125,
0.12685546278953552,
-0.3649658262729645,
0.09808502346277237,
0.3244384825229645,
0.756396472454071,
0.2505859434604645,
0.00502700824290514,
-0.01488647423684597,
-0.502197265625,
0.25146484375,
0.06787719577550888,
0.3950439393520355,
0.02043456956744194,
0.39533692598342896,
-0.26025390625,
-0.3663879334926605,
-0.11789550632238388,
-0.1375778168439865,
0.27723389863967896,
-0.11573410034179688,
0.09555282443761826,
0.318603515625,
0.568310558795929,
-0.3615478575229645,
0.07157059013843536,
-0.15350952744483948,
-0.139079287648201,
-0.014271927066147327,
0.21588745713233948,
0.3337158262729645,
-0.3043579161167145,
0.260986328125,
-0.3746337890625,
-0.114410400390625,
-0.136016845703125,
0.024039458483457565,
0.602099597454071,
0.21986083686351776,
-0.3314575254917145,
-0.3996826112270355,
-0.18278808891773224,
0.072357177734375,
0.06490745395421982,
0.30987548828125,
-0.015253448858857155,
0.01223907433450222,
0.20461425185203552,
0.18325194716453552,
0.10078124701976776,
0.33621901273727417,
-0.40485841035842896,
-0.169230654835701,
-0.777783215045929,
0.521289050579071,
0.27568358182907104,
-0.38105469942092896,
0.1113739013671875,
-0.3486267030239105,
-0.34301453828811646,
0.5399169921875,
-0.02135009691119194,
0.6014159917831421,
0.679150402545929,
0.3546508848667145,
0.17948608100414276,
0.160675048828125,
0.559619128704071,
0.2597595155239105,
0.045679282397031784,
0.37714844942092896,
-0.005954742431640625,
0.01458892785012722,
-0.23360595107078552,
-0.02902832068502903,
-0.3963623046875,
0.05681419372558594,
0.892822265625,
0.043128203600645065,
0.4881835877895355,
0.15614624321460724,
0.6038573980331421,
-0.020865250378847122,
0.21629638969898224,
0.2640136778354645,
0.4074645936489105,
0.016783904284238815,
0.30548095703125,
0.0059029581025242805,
0.07595672458410263,
0.569897472858429,
0.02797851525247097,
0.10025329887866974,
0.10211639106273651,
0.715380847454071,
0.3901611268520355,
0.16872863471508026,
-0.10948486626148224,
0.19827881455421448,
0.24652099609375,
-0.13161011040210724,
0.43708497285842896,
0.4649902284145355,
-0.13674239814281464,
-0.012178611941635609,
0.15329284965991974,
-0.01432189904153347,
0.06279563903808594,
-0.05400695651769638,
0.3079833984375,
-0.21665343642234802,
0.1021270751953125,
-0.029643822461366653,
-0.20853976905345917,
0.027772903442382812,
0.523242175579071,
0.3296752870082855,
0.04118404537439346,
0.530224621295929,
0.6878906488418579,
0.065765380859375,
0.11914672702550888,
-0.274169921875,
0.1397445648908615,
0.3106933534145355,
0.05998687818646431,
0.009469032287597656,
-0.14829520881175995,
0.4859619140625,
0.06303854286670685,
-0.07668761909008026,
0.2883667051792145,
0.01674041710793972,
0.20769652724266052,
-0.2178604155778885,
-0.36719971895217896,
-0.4418701231479645,
0.25841063261032104,
0.25019532442092896,
-0.24358825385570526,
-0.19806519150733948,
-0.07876968383789062,
-0.3333496153354645,
-0.21104736626148224,
0.05841064453125,
0.14416809380054474,
0.021720122545957565,
0.42106932401657104,
-0.27099609375,
0.4452148377895355,
-0.12299804389476776,
-0.05680236965417862,
0.3933959901332855,
0.3076538145542145,
0.09619140625,
0.41154783964157104,
-0.012561035342514515,
-0.11646804958581924,
0.21405029296875,
-0.23991699516773224,
-0.08440704643726349,
-0.34599608182907104,
0.1121063232421875,
0.35515135526657104,
0.1688278168439865,
-0.23624268174171448,
-0.02131957933306694,
0.22369995713233948,
0.3237365782260895,
0.48286134004592896,
0.24338379502296448,
0.0497589111328125,
-0.21024170517921448,
0.05040130764245987,
0.17401123046875,
0.19552001357078552,
-0.29277342557907104,
0.2952880859375,
0.20218506455421448,
-0.181488037109375,
0.45952147245407104,
-0.041262052953243256,
-0.2927612364292145,
-0.4010986387729645,
0.4075683653354645,
-0.05379838868975639,
-0.047138214111328125,
0.10620574653148651,
0.06449584662914276,
0.08793029934167862,
-0.03726768493652344,
-0.18876799941062927,
-0.17807292938232422,
0.3565917909145355,
0.22615966200828552,
-0.1272285431623459,
0.2914794981479645,
0.4759765565395355,
-0.15052489936351776,
-0.12662354111671448,
0.01290283165872097,
0.5599120855331421,
0.07368011772632599,
0.3343749940395355,
0.47954100370407104,
-0.08509216457605362,
0.13830184936523438,
0.146392822265625,
-0.176727294921875,
-0.290567010641098,
0.6171875,
-0.09869690239429474,
-0.2988647520542145,
0.3508239686489105,
0.6322265863418579,
-0.019313812255859375,
-0.2643798887729645,
-0.16531524062156677,
0.22899779677391052,
0.3314208984375,
-0.11540832370519638,
-0.36583250761032104,
-0.0842384323477745,
0.034020233899354935,
-0.17179259657859802,
0.5162597894668579,
-0.010119629092514515,
-0.5281738042831421,
-0.1756439208984375,
0.16438598930835724,
0.5249267816543579,
0.11430434882640839,
-0.038726806640625,
-0.00974121131002903,
0.4699462950229645,
-0.4028686583042145,
0.19181518256664276,
-0.03156433254480362,
0.3100830018520355,
0.03221893310546875,
0.0371219627559185,
-0.19984082877635956,
-0.27320557832717896,
0.5452880859375,
0.643139660358429,
-0.2723144590854645,
0.12648621201515198,
0.2900024354457855,
0.571093738079071,
0.6535400152206421,
0.4826904237270355,
-0.07277679443359375,
0.752880871295929,
0.178619384765625,
-0.08569793403148651,
-0.27354735136032104,
-0.3765625059604645,
-0.12583008408546448,
0.324951171875,
-0.539111316204071,
0.242512509226799,
-0.3362793028354645,
0.33392333984375,
0.2449951171875,
0.6461426019668579,
-0.08980865776538849,
-0.28162842988967896,
0.01987457275390625,
-0.35100096464157104,
0.2519164979457855,
0.4526123106479645,
0.05783691257238388,
0.05753021314740181,
-0.7459472417831421,
-0.02973632887005806,
0.16289672255516052,
0.358154296875,
0.3227172791957855,
0.02801850438117981,
-0.07476349174976349,
0.14526061713695526,
0.0449371337890625,
0.5618652105331421,
0.007993889041244984,
0.4897705018520355,
0.13767775893211365,
-0.32023924589157104,
-0.02221069298684597,
0.03826294094324112,
0.18732300400733948,
-0.04848175123333931,
0.320648193359375,
0.2592407166957855,
-0.16358184814453125,
0.03332500532269478,
0.12284545600414276,
0.020221710205078125,
0.11184539645910263,
0.12968674302101135,
0.1653144806623459,
0.09811095893383026,
-0.19844436645507812,
-0.26875001192092896,
0.34306639432907104,
0.17304077744483948,
-0.27471923828125,
0.20798340439796448,
0.1265546828508377,
-0.28625792264938354,
0.01850156858563423,
-0.17790527641773224,
0.4427246153354645,
0.5311523675918579,
-0.06794586032629013,
0.1323539763689041,
0.599804699420929,
0.2576538026332855,
-0.46662598848342896,
-0.29786109924316406,
-0.22852782905101776,
-0.08519287407398224,
-0.1635177582502365,
-0.12796935439109802,
-0.028833389282226562,
0.2870849668979645,
0.06803283840417862,
0.29358750581741333,
0.0556524284183979,
-0.12467040866613388,
-0.10634460300207138,
0.0030151368118822575,
0.3453002870082855,
0.22066649794578552,
-0.07323990017175674,
-0.08925475925207138,
0.2866455018520355,
0.41511231660842896,
0.38837891817092896,
4.185937404632568,
0.041477203369140625,
0.1324623078107834,
-0.15336760878562927,
-0.2623046934604645,
0.062276460230350494,
0.30637818574905396,
0.009674072265625,
-0.029133986681699753,
0.19476318359375,
-0.1677040159702301,
-0.05800628662109375,
-0.0837787613272667,
-0.300323486328125,
-0.01054760254919529,
0.23573608696460724,
0.4791259765625,
0.4127441346645355,
0.12788239121437073,
0.03049316443502903,
-0.605883777141571,
0.584277331829071,
0.28992921113967896,
0.2885498106479645,
0.717333972454071,
0.04839630052447319,
0.09641189873218536,
-0.11266632378101349,
0.109222412109375,
0.17459717392921448,
-0.11088113486766815,
-0.2914184629917145,
0.009363937191665173,
0.22528687119483948,
-1.024169921875,
0.4365478456020355,
0.367431640625,
0.10796280205249786,
-0.05191240459680557,
0.12750549614429474,
-0.1693115234375,
-0.09606914222240448,
0.3478637635707855,
0.4005371034145355,
0.3047241270542145,
0.0003551483096089214,
-0.3235275149345398,
0.4690185487270355,
0.14555969834327698,
0.25197142362594604,
0.22246703505516052,
0.15253905951976776,
-0.3263183534145355,
-0.605029284954071,
0.23293456435203552,
0.3310302793979645,
0.08795013278722763,
0.20732422173023224,
0.025058746337890625,
0.103607177734375,
0.32121580839157104,
-0.18785400688648224,
0.0023677826393395662,
0.1400531828403473,
-0.42857664823532104,
-0.0567159429192543,
0.23325499892234802,
0.1401214599609375,
-0.328765869140625,
0.0618743896484375,
0.40336912870407104,
0.25123292207717896,
0.4694580137729645,
-0.29041749238967896,
-0.09061889350414276,
0.0082550048828125,
0.15272216498851776,
0.02391357347369194,
-0.017033005133271217,
-0.0277255829423666,
0.12746962904930115,
-0.0467681884765625,
0.08620758354663849,
0.15520629286766052,
-0.14782409369945526,
0.511059582233429,
-0.09600137174129486,
-0.2685607969760895,
0.26441651582717896,
0.16193237900733948,
0.16469116508960724,
-0.0199295524507761,
0.44511717557907104,
0.14713135361671448,
0.18851204216480255,
-0.16763916611671448,
0.2119743824005127,
-4.046875,
0.16936950385570526,
-0.04610023647546768,
-0.02033081091940403,
0.19760742783546448,
0.12663421034812927,
0.27653807401657104,
0.524975597858429,
-0.3631591796875,
0.03978576511144638,
-0.3158203065395355,
-0.03519286960363388,
-0.18862304091453552,
0.5250488519668579,
0.15944823622703552,
0.12904128432273865,
-0.07562255859375,
0.12856140732765198,
0.4847412109375,
-0.15031127631664276,
0.26369017362594604,
0.3838867247104645,
0.6031494140625,
-0.0639442428946495,
0.2169540375471115,
0.10045929253101349,
-0.09778747707605362,
-0.2090103179216385,
-0.14023908972740173,
-0.26249998807907104,
0.4996337890625,
0.2994628846645355,
0.4436279237270355,
-0.03647470474243164,
-0.05454711988568306,
0.3593505918979645,
0.26643067598342896,
0.15141601860523224,
0.4941650331020355,
0.0773387923836708,
0.011232376098632812,
-0.17508545517921448,
0.46550291776657104,
0.30278319120407104,
0.112701416015625,
0.36186522245407104,
-0.09458007663488388,
-0.0951259583234787,
0.01795501634478569,
-0.06734772026538849,
0.25706785917282104,
0.07215652614831924,
-0.03681821748614311,
0.2514892518520355,
0.5045166015625,
0.07162129878997803,
0.21152344346046448,
-0.3515625,
0.21353760361671448,
-0.05960998684167862,
-0.05271568149328232,
-0.07962799072265625,
-0.04889526218175888,
0.20900574326515198,
0.4232421815395355,
-0.04534759372472763,
0.09372558444738388,
0.09215392917394638,
-0.23247070610523224,
-0.3110595643520355,
0.26512449979782104,
0.42359620332717896,
0.4017333984375,
-0.3105575442314148,
-0.0033253193832933903,
0.0038055418990552425,
-0.03253574296832085,
0.10150222480297089,
0.5592285394668579,
0.4957641661167145,
-0.17219237983226776,
0.06220398098230362,
-0.3526855409145355,
0.16020813584327698,
2.29052734375,
0.3698486387729645,
2.1744141578674316,
0.23144225776195526,
-0.2798110842704773,
0.15733098983764648,
-0.11224517971277237,
-0.022028351202607155,
-0.07977505028247833,
0.18812866508960724,
0.28901368379592896,
-0.025237679481506348,
-0.03467559814453125,
-0.19713135063648224,
-0.16112670302391052,
0.13178101181983948,
0.37541502714157104,
-0.9813476800918579,
0.118804931640625,
-0.29552000761032104,
-0.004748153500258923,
0.0524812713265419,
0.03515930101275444,
0.3814453184604645,
0.2502990663051605,
0.27513426542282104,
-0.33306884765625,
-0.06362304836511612,
0.31519776582717896,
-0.16320133209228516,
-0.1538131684064865,
-0.18148498237133026,
0.014392090030014515,
0.2999267578125,
0.22413940727710724,
0.2167510986328125,
-0.04181713983416557,
4.684765815734863,
-0.03054351732134819,
-0.15111693739891052,
0.14461441338062286,
0.11549148708581924,
-0.0037902831099927425,
0.31610107421875,
-0.11310271918773651,
-0.12359027564525604,
-0.028600120916962624,
0.31254273653030396,
0.08190765231847763,
-0.15882110595703125,
0.04796580225229263,
0.29558104276657104,
0.06196289137005806,
0.23081055283546448,
-0.024579906836152077,
0.3360351622104645,
0.01511383056640625,
0.19091185927391052,
0.29962158203125,
0.4202636778354645,
-0.009494399651885033,
0.15206527709960938,
0.23394775390625,
0.5730224847793579,
-0.15210266411304474,
-0.229736328125,
0.16645431518554688,
-0.24799194931983948,
5.466796875,
0.19059447944164276,
-0.17421874403953552,
0.1412040740251541,
-0.11239548027515411,
0.074040986597538,
-0.03204002231359482,
0.1102294921875,
-0.13501587510108948,
-0.025174904614686966,
0.036774445325136185,
-0.05301208421587944,
0.01590881310403347,
0.35297852754592896,
0.01135864295065403,
-0.03065795823931694,
-0.20979003608226776,
0.08738784492015839,
0.13619127869606018,
-0.07247314602136612,
1.04931640625,
-0.5262451171875,
-0.11378173530101776,
-0.18327637016773224,
-0.1266525238752365,
0.07890014350414276,
-0.21597900986671448,
0.21931762993335724,
-0.14031371474266052,
0.27473145723342896,
0.4245849549770355,
0.2845214903354645,
-0.20015868544578552,
0.10601196438074112,
-0.44407957792282104,
0.070709228515625,
0.21623535454273224,
-0.05048713833093643,
-0.22235412895679474,
0.01414413470774889,
0.03836812824010849,
0.5710204839706421,
-0.05237426608800888,
-0.02937164343893528,
-0.440185546875,
-0.33515626192092896,
-0.004669189453125,
-0.15053100883960724,
-0.20733031630516052,
0.16452637314796448,
0.07731475681066513,
-0.3459106385707855,
1.0061523914337158,
0.13011780381202698,
0.44172364473342896,
0.560546875,
-0.09256134182214737,
-0.27888184785842896,
-0.3417602479457855,
-0.33579713106155396,
0.33171385526657104,
0.15042725205421448,
0.17785033583641052,
0.5578857660293579,
0.3488525450229645,
0.3346923887729645,
-0.03336792066693306,
-0.09644164890050888,
0.61328125,
-0.3853515684604645,
-0.08084802329540253,
0.03454742580652237,
0.09939918667078018,
0.220306396484375,
-0.3659606873989105,
0.4076171815395355,
0.5018554925918579,
0.025652313604950905,
-0.4068969786167145,
-0.16685791313648224,
-0.4075683653354645,
-0.18904876708984375,
-0.37701416015625,
0.38017576932907104,
-0.03751373291015625,
0.18056030571460724,
-0.23387451469898224,
0.20200195908546448,
0.38422852754592896,
0.18978270888328552,
0.19852295517921448,
0.4599365293979645,
-0.0026634216774255037,
0.4203537106513977,
0.336181640625,
-0.18929442763328552,
0.21609191596508026,
0.3974609375,
0.474609375,
0.13018798828125,
-0.080561064183712,
0.15977783501148224,
0.23817873001098633,
-0.16346435248851776,
0.26435548067092896,
-0.22709807753562927,
-0.03949565812945366,
0.03194885328412056,
-0.31437987089157104,
0.16582489013671875,
0.3486084043979645,
0.25428467988967896,
0.13911132514476776,
0.03878021240234375,
-0.31065672636032104
] |
9 | Who invented Hangul? | [
{
"docid": "430052#15",
"text": "Hangul, a phonemic Korean alphabet invented around 1446 by scholars in the court of Sejong the Great, was little used for several centuries because of the perceived cultural superiority of Classical Chinese (a position similar to that of Latin in Europe). However, the Catholic Church became the first Korean religious organization to officially adopt Hangul as its primary script. Bishop Siméon-François Berneux mandated that all Catholic children be taught to read it. Christian literature printed for use in Korea, including that used by the network of schools established by Christian missionaries, mostly used the Korean language and the easily learned Hangul script. This combination of factors resulted in a rise in the overall literacy rate, and enabled Christian teachings to spread beyond the elite, who mostly used Chinese. As early as the 1780s, portions of the Gospels were published in Hangul; doctrinal books such as the \"Jugyo Yoji\" (주교요지) appeared in the 1790s and a Catholic hymnal was printed around 1800.",
"title": "Christianity in Korea"
},
{
"docid": "53450764#2",
"text": "The statue of King Sejong was dedicated on 9 October 2009, in a ceremony attended by attended by President Lee Myung-bak and other Korean government official, on a Hangul Day in celebration of the 563rd anniversary of the invention of the Korean alphabet by King Sejong, two months after the Gwanghwamun Plaza opening. The golden statue is 6.2 meters high (another source gives the statue height as 9.5 meters and yet another, 6.7 meters) and weights 20 tons. The king has one hand raised and another placed on a book. Sides of the statue display all of the hangul alphabet characters. In front of the statue there are small models of a celestial globe, a rain gauge, and a sundial, the invention of which is also traditionally attributed to King Sejong in Korea. While King Sejong is best remembered for his invention of hangul, he is also considered to have been involved in promotion of agriculture, literature, science and technology, as well as Confucian philosophy, in Korea.",
"title": "Statue of King Sejong (Gwanghwamun)"
},
{
"docid": "16749#80",
"text": "Hangul Day (also spelled as Hangeul Day) is a day that celebrates the creation of the Hunminjeongeum (Hangul, Korean alphabet), which was inscribed to the UNESCO Memory of the World Register in 1997. Hangul was created by Sejong the Great in 1443 and proclaimed in 1446. Before the creation of Hangul, people in Korea (known as Joseon at the time) primarily wrote using Classical Chinese alongside native phonetic writing systems that predate Hangul by hundreds of years, including idu, hyangchal, gugyeol, and gakpil. However, due to the fundamental differences between the Korean and Chinese languages, and the large number of characters needed to be learned, there was much difficulty in learning how to write using Chinese characters for the lower classes, who often didn't have the privilege of education. To assuage this problem, King Sejong created the unique alphabet known as Hangul to promote literacy among the common people. Hangul Day was founded in 1926 during the Japanese occupation by members of the Korean Language Society, whose goal was to preserve the Korean language during a time of rapid forced Japanization. Today, both South Korea and North Korea celebrate Hangul Day as a national holiday.Sources",
"title": "Korea"
},
{
"docid": "159204#27",
"text": "Before the creation of Hangul, people in Korea (known as Joseon at the time) primarily wrote using Classical Chinese alongside phonetic writing systems based on Chinese script that predated Hangul by hundreds of years, including idu, hyangchal, gugyeol, and gakpil. However, due to the fundamental differences between the Korean and Chinese languages, and the large number of characters that needed to be learned, there was much difficulty in learning how to write using Chinese characters for the lower classes, who often lacked the privilege of education. To assuage this problem, King Sejong created the unique alphabet known as Hangul to promote literacy among the common people. His intention was to establish a cultural identity for Korea through its unique script.",
"title": "Sejong the Great"
},
{
"docid": "293150#3",
"text": "Before the creation of Hangul, people in Korea (known as Joseon at the time) primarily wrote using Classical Chinese alongside native phonetic writing systems that predate Hangul by hundreds of years, including idu, hyangchal, gugyeol, and gakpil. However, due to the fundamental differences between the Korean and Chinese languages, and the large number of characters needed to be learned, there was much difficulty in learning how to write using Chinese characters for the lower classes, who often didn't have the privilege of education. To assuage this problem, King Sejong created the unique alphabet known as Hangul to promote literacy among the common people.",
"title": "Hangul Day"
},
{
"docid": "17470560#11",
"text": "Ledyard holds that the Koreans adopted five core consonant letters from ’Phags-pa, namely ㄱ \"g\" , ㄷ \"d\" , ㅂ \"b\" , ㅈ \"j\" , and ㄹ \"l\" . These were the consonants basic to Chinese phonology, rather than the graphically simplest letters (ㄱ \"g\" , ㄴ \"n\" , ㅁ \"m\" , and ㅅ \"s\" ) taken as the starting point by the \"Haerye.\" A sixth letter, the null initial ㅇ, was invented by Sejong. The rest of the consonants were developed through featural derivation from these six, essentially as described in the \"Haerye\"; a resemblance to speech organs was an additional motivating factor in selecting the shapes of both the basic letters and their derivatives.",
"title": "Origin of Hangul"
},
{
"docid": "44065032#0",
"text": "Hangul supremacy is the belief, most widespread in Korea, that the Hangul alphabet developed by King Sejong the Great's Hall of Worthies in 1443 is the simplest, most logical, most beautiful and most scientific of the world's writing systems. In its extreme form, the belief holds that Hangul is in fact best suited for the expression of sounds in all languages.",
"title": "Hangul supremacy"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "2061049#34",
"text": "The primary written language of Sungkyunkwan was hanja. Although hangul was invented in 1443, it did not become the primary language of study because the literary elite believed that the difficult hanja was more sophisticated. Hangul was invented to solve the widespread illiteracy of the common people at the time, but it was considered a threat by many in the upper class to their status as literary scholars, leading them to resist its implementation. As a result, hanja remained the written language used at Sungkyunkwan requiring anyone who wished to rise to the top levels of the government to be capable of reading and writing the characters.",
"title": "Sungkyunkwan"
},
{
"docid": "42538288#19",
"text": "Ju Si-gyeong, the linguist who had coined the term Hangul to replace \"Eonmun\" or \"Vulgar Script\" in 1912, established the Korean Language Research Society (later renamed the Hangul Society), which further reformed orthography with \"Standardized System of Hangul\" in 1933. The principal change was to make the Korean alphabet as morphophonemically practical given the existing letters. A system for transliterating foreign orthographies was published in 1940.",
"title": "Hangul"
},
{
"docid": "16749#45",
"text": "Modern Korean is written almost exclusively in the script of the Korean alphabet (known as Hangul in South Korea and Chosungul in China and North Korea), which was invented in the 15th century. Korean is sometimes written with the addition of some Chinese characters called Hanja; however, this is only occasionally seen nowadays. While Hangul may appear logographic, it is actually a phonemic alphabet organised into syllabic blocks. Each block consists of at least two of the 24 hangul letters (\"jamo\"): at least one each of the 14 consonants and 10 vowels. Historically, the alphabet had several additional letters (see obsolete jamo). For a phonological description of the letters, see Korean phonology.",
"title": "Korea"
}
] | [
0.6520647406578064,
0.2767682671546936,
-0.3502022922039032,
0.3660190999507904,
-0.04311833903193474,
0.0652945414185524,
0.8221958875656128,
-0.4083774983882904,
0.505859375,
0.4403599202632904,
0.0527779720723629,
-0.2681536078453064,
-0.2463814914226532,
0.08154576271772385,
-0.11691529303789139,
-0.01823861338198185,
0.6144670844078064,
-0.2623203694820404,
-0.0818394273519516,
-0.0537632517516613,
0.0834568589925766,
0.2909458577632904,
0.33251953125,
0.0306570865213871,
0.1377737820148468,
0.017330169677734375,
-0.3893694281578064,
0.1172310933470726,
0.2379629909992218,
0.313720703125,
0.2666015625,
-0.2051478773355484,
-0.0565229132771492,
0.344970703125,
-0.3518240749835968,
0.3961704671382904,
0.2201799601316452,
0.0987505242228508,
-0.1708199679851532,
0.4451729953289032,
-0.1533203125,
0.1356550008058548,
0.5202985405921936,
-0.1933506578207016,
0.1861441433429718,
-0.14932850003242493,
0.381591796875,
-0.057037353515625,
-0.1567666232585907,
0.1428396999835968,
-0.4921177327632904,
0.1897146999835968,
-0.2339826375246048,
-0.08338165283203125,
-0.4423130452632904,
0.0567714162170887,
0.0515267513692379,
0.6745954155921936,
0.0939897820353508,
0.18626949191093445,
0.2124284952878952,
-0.225830078125,
0.00945390947163105,
0.196731835603714,
-0.1750052273273468,
0.1655992716550827,
0.125091552734375,
0.3696637749671936,
0.1038382425904274,
0.1075483039021492,
0.06593649834394455,
0.1394391804933548,
0.5107421875,
0.21132932603359222,
0.1825125515460968,
0.0283017847687006,
-0.2663312554359436,
0.05334145575761795,
0.2061244398355484,
-0.0190898347645998,
0.2143031507730484,
-0.2671770453453064,
-0.0415518619120121,
0.2737862765789032,
-0.3393075168132782,
0.3934849202632904,
-0.007542201317846775,
0.1496930867433548,
-0.258544921875,
0.5283203125,
-0.0179617740213871,
0.0479300357401371,
0.0803745836019516,
-0.3775983452796936,
-0.1003875732421875,
0.4537179172039032,
0.3725934624671936,
-0.2073407918214798,
0.1758248507976532,
-0.3247244656085968,
-0.2034040242433548,
-0.2762799859046936,
0.0695713609457016,
0.5949009656906128,
0.1668832004070282,
-0.3578403890132904,
-0.1183362677693367,
-0.07049056142568588,
0.3602469265460968,
0.3270089328289032,
0.226806640625,
-0.2372698038816452,
-0.0875680074095726,
-0.3621128499507904,
0.3876255452632904,
0.171295166015625,
0.5364022850990295,
-0.1636091023683548,
-0.33160400390625,
-0.916015625,
0.5650460124015808,
0.4341866672039032,
-0.4068429172039032,
0.3691754937171936,
0.489013671875,
-0.1939784437417984,
0.677734375,
-0.4293038547039032,
0.5951451063156128,
0.4004603922367096,
0.025746481493115425,
0.0890241339802742,
-0.1307460218667984,
0.6619698405265808,
0.3541434109210968,
-0.1068376824259758,
0.2873186469078064,
-0.3433837890625,
-0.1354043185710907,
-0.470458984375,
0.0963570699095726,
0.1480647474527359,
0.5238560438156128,
0.5150321125984192,
-0.2799246609210968,
0.2755824625492096,
-0.027172906324267387,
0.6291852593421936,
0.2057059109210968,
0.2309047132730484,
0.1062098890542984,
0.3387276828289032,
-0.1544974148273468,
0.2743966281414032,
-0.2306257039308548,
0.3080967366695404,
0.3297816812992096,
0.0918317511677742,
-0.42822265625,
0.1742989718914032,
0.7724609375,
0.4368024468421936,
0.3841204047203064,
-0.26959228515625,
-0.1243046373128891,
0.2884870171546936,
-0.04330117255449295,
0.2631661593914032,
0.4867117702960968,
-0.1317007839679718,
-0.3248988687992096,
0.01171003095805645,
-0.2233189195394516,
-0.1354936808347702,
-0.08546610921621323,
0.1095624640583992,
0.040151868015527725,
0.0385066457092762,
-0.01757376454770565,
0.0008588518248870969,
0.2623465359210968,
0.2408447265625,
0.18682861328125,
0.4784807562828064,
0.4872000515460968,
0.1802542507648468,
-0.4078892171382904,
-0.4305768609046936,
-0.0320565365254879,
0.5824149250984192,
0.3583286702632904,
-0.3374372124671936,
0.533447265625,
-0.0870274156332016,
-0.1189444437623024,
0.0722678080201149,
0.0272086001932621,
-0.1303013414144516,
-0.0510624460875988,
0.3214111328125,
0.3665771484375,
0.1031450554728508,
-0.3013741672039032,
0.0772583857178688,
0.4692034125328064,
-0.3330078125,
0.1573355495929718,
0.148681640625,
-0.2876674234867096,
-0.09767205268144608,
0.0052163260988891125,
0.1944754421710968,
-0.0329066701233387,
0.1443830281496048,
-0.0983189195394516,
0.023248400539159775,
-0.003964151721447706,
0.00804901123046875,
0.4512241780757904,
0.0976279154419899,
-0.2522146999835968,
0.5818568468093872,
0.0871930792927742,
0.3246895968914032,
0.2050694078207016,
0.0778220072388649,
-0.5149971842765808,
-0.3418317437171936,
0.1472603976726532,
0.3604910671710968,
0.5206473469734192,
0.1305367648601532,
-0.1450173556804657,
-0.2886701226234436,
0.1588832288980484,
0.1397966593503952,
0.41265869140625,
0.3070242702960968,
0.00946698896586895,
0.0649152472615242,
0.3082101047039032,
0.1040453240275383,
-0.2515694797039032,
0.1368931382894516,
0.3573172390460968,
-0.14136287569999695,
0.3706880211830139,
0.2964913547039032,
-0.3369489312171936,
-0.2143903523683548,
0.1386805921792984,
-0.1521388441324234,
0.0922437384724617,
0.3714599609375,
-0.2855311930179596,
-0.2702985405921936,
0.04250335693359375,
-0.1128191277384758,
-0.1416887491941452,
-0.10123933851718903,
0.19036865234375,
0.2386736124753952,
0.3584333062171936,
0.3511788547039032,
-0.3661760687828064,
0.1947719007730484,
-0.059723444283008575,
0.6656668782234192,
0.246337890625,
0.3120465874671936,
0.2321428507566452,
-0.3389020562171936,
0.1587153822183609,
0.2856619656085968,
0.08233642578125,
0.3405674397945404,
0.2443324476480484,
0.3504987359046936,
-0.4228166937828064,
0.0188773013651371,
0.4056222140789032,
0.1702357679605484,
-0.3537946343421936,
0.2160121351480484,
0.54296875,
0.6578543782234192,
-0.07757568359375,
-0.12108176201581955,
-0.4619140625,
-0.2653982937335968,
0.1930890828371048,
0.4815150797367096,
-0.1248888298869133,
-0.5830078125,
0.1445138156414032,
-0.3571603000164032,
-0.12783487141132355,
-0.1520429402589798,
0.246337890625,
0.3256661593914032,
0.4508230984210968,
-0.6439732313156128,
-0.0831560418009758,
0.5523856282234192,
-0.5343889594078064,
-0.0283944271504879,
-0.3159877359867096,
0.6138392686843872,
-0.1890781968832016,
0.1104387566447258,
0.2862456142902374,
-0.6278250813484192,
-0.1615077406167984,
0.2383248507976532,
0.1601911336183548,
0.6360211968421936,
-0.0432085320353508,
0.01500592939555645,
0.5238909125328064,
0.1644679456949234,
0.012425013817846775,
-0.13041850924491882,
-0.4469517171382904,
0.1619698703289032,
0.2056797593832016,
-0.6174185872077942,
0.1163330078125,
-0.2127031534910202,
0.4834682047367096,
0.1421552449464798,
0.4866856038570404,
0.09746674448251724,
0.006260463036596775,
-0.060492925345897675,
-0.2614833414554596,
0.2309744656085968,
0.1395220011472702,
0.6821986436843872,
-0.03001839853823185,
-0.07456044107675552,
0.1629420667886734,
-0.1624668687582016,
-0.1374991238117218,
0.4175851047039032,
-0.20180566608905792,
0.2887137234210968,
0.4823521077632904,
-0.0808890238404274,
0.3887067437171936,
0.1862749308347702,
0.2378016859292984,
-0.2046770304441452,
-0.1555589884519577,
-0.1906694620847702,
-0.1945887953042984,
0.16830118000507355,
0.1058088019490242,
0.3883230984210968,
0.2845807671546936,
-0.2836042046546936,
0.1578805148601532,
0.2585797905921936,
0.4857003390789032,
-0.2068394273519516,
0.1244419664144516,
0.042296819388866425,
-0.1178392693400383,
-0.1928362101316452,
-0.02488054521381855,
-0.0762983039021492,
-0.1712820827960968,
0.1211940199136734,
-0.1023297980427742,
0.0518580861389637,
-0.2216884046792984,
-0.027647290378808975,
-0.0297666285187006,
0.6423688530921936,
0.4750278890132904,
0.4147251546382904,
0.3709193766117096,
0.4835379421710968,
0.42431640625,
-0.2284284383058548,
-0.006160736083984375,
-0.1012660413980484,
0.0211148951202631,
-0.1239711195230484,
-0.2171500027179718,
-0.08667673170566559,
0.2198442667722702,
-0.0873565673828125,
-0.2983529269695282,
-0.3808070719242096,
-0.2362627238035202,
-0.1447208970785141,
0.1262294203042984,
0.3936593234539032,
-0.1112016960978508,
0.1055036261677742,
0.1475437730550766,
0.6460658311843872,
0.2533133327960968,
0.2462855726480484,
4.1531805992126465,
-0.01608712412416935,
0.3915666937828064,
0.1052703857421875,
-0.0706678107380867,
0.054530005902051926,
-0.007429940160363913,
-0.3525739312171936,
0.11608995497226715,
-0.010919843800365925,
-0.1087820902466774,
0.0798470601439476,
-0.13425227999687195,
0.1446554958820343,
0.0387311652302742,
0.5621163249015808,
0.4577985405921936,
0.10174969583749771,
-0.2957414984703064,
0.5037318468093872,
-0.3979317843914032,
0.4737374484539032,
0.2220284640789032,
0.2730059027671814,
0.6485072374343872,
0.3480747640132904,
0.2919791042804718,
0.0502842478454113,
0.5287388563156128,
0.530029296875,
0.3876953125,
0.01763262040913105,
0.2852783203125,
-0.09860610961914062,
-1.0857282876968384,
0.2279227077960968,
0.17584228515625,
0.3074166476726532,
-0.2582484781742096,
-0.1826041042804718,
-0.1168125718832016,
-0.0651811882853508,
0.0334080271422863,
0.4494280219078064,
0.1191449835896492,
-0.1271623820066452,
0.1016671285033226,
0.5472935438156128,
0.1349748820066452,
0.09232766181230545,
-0.0799604132771492,
-0.1030992791056633,
-0.3983328640460968,
-0.019852230325341225,
0.2745535671710968,
0.5036272406578064,
-0.1474958211183548,
0.2256491482257843,
0.0526689812541008,
-0.1489366739988327,
-0.036873407661914825,
-0.1919294148683548,
-0.3990478515625,
-0.1463448703289032,
-0.2082083523273468,
0.0406145378947258,
-0.04406765475869179,
0.19757080078125,
0.2287074476480484,
-0.13530349731445312,
-0.0451834537088871,
0.3830915093421936,
0.0454450324177742,
-0.3601771891117096,
-0.07123477011919022,
-0.09558868408203125,
-0.4351980984210968,
0.0645533949136734,
0.3355189859867096,
0.020448412746191025,
0.2518136203289032,
0.07832308858633041,
0.2901960015296936,
0.4476492702960968,
-0.1776842325925827,
0.5919364094734192,
0.0760323628783226,
-0.296875,
0.2151968777179718,
0.0422777459025383,
0.05157756805419922,
0.1068682000041008,
0.2963692843914032,
0.203857421875,
0.4912807047367096,
0.24462890625,
-0.2115565687417984,
-3.9718191623687744,
0.2383510023355484,
-0.05559757724404335,
-0.1676592081785202,
0.3138253390789032,
-0.02396501787006855,
0.0589207224547863,
0.5321916937828064,
-0.055676598101854324,
0.0491180419921875,
0.07642500847578049,
0.08571024984121323,
-0.4176548421382904,
0.357177734375,
0.3518764078617096,
0.23443603515625,
0.4674246609210968,
0.3880092203617096,
0.2016993910074234,
-0.0009809221373870969,
0.01699284091591835,
0.0429033562541008,
0.2996041476726532,
-0.5206124186515808,
0.2077070027589798,
-0.2227260023355484,
0.4007306694984436,
0.02167837880551815,
0.5944475531578064,
-0.019230706617236137,
0.1185825914144516,
0.1144932359457016,
0.7655552625656128,
-0.3081577718257904,
0.153045654296875,
0.3352573812007904,
0.4598214328289032,
0.1579546183347702,
0.4188755452632904,
0.7235630750656128,
0.09234619140625,
-0.158935546875,
-0.0502253957092762,
0.0696214959025383,
0.07419204711914062,
0.2508544921875,
-0.2150791734457016,
0.02009146474301815,
-0.4193638265132904,
0.3909737765789032,
0.3450404703617096,
0.0683637335896492,
0.011525630950927734,
0.0801740363240242,
0.1269356906414032,
0.1987827867269516,
-0.2309657484292984,
-0.211090087890625,
0.167755126953125,
0.2381657212972641,
0.1841866672039032,
-0.117950439453125,
0.1028616800904274,
-0.0836682990193367,
0.3410993218421936,
0.004967825952917337,
0.02212129347026348,
0.5430036187171936,
0.3677498996257782,
-0.2980608344078064,
0.01918465830385685,
0.2466692179441452,
0.1542271226644516,
0.2445765882730484,
0.028853824362158775,
0.1218937486410141,
0.0941903218626976,
-0.14447620511054993,
0.6872907280921936,
0.2313406765460968,
-0.06734000146389008,
-0.2574462890625,
-0.5217633843421936,
0.1878400593996048,
2.3780691623687744,
0.59765625,
2.3671875,
0.1814400851726532,
0.12457602471113205,
0.2509482204914093,
-0.0277077816426754,
0.2126552015542984,
0.2327706515789032,
-0.007380894385278225,
-0.0179312564432621,
0.40576171875,
-0.2994210422039032,
0.0419376902282238,
0.10547474771738052,
-0.0006877354462631047,
0.2711530327796936,
-0.9906529188156128,
0.0339987613260746,
-0.5593959093093872,
0.0904541015625,
0.08202580362558365,
-0.1368735134601593,
0.3472028374671936,
0.4010881781578064,
-0.388916015625,
-0.3214983344078064,
0.0351279117166996,
0.1063494011759758,
-0.2743442952632904,
0.3838064968585968,
0.1537388414144516,
0.3086635172367096,
0.0613185353577137,
-0.1855904757976532,
0.58837890625,
-0.0612356998026371,
4.651785850524902,
-0.1239340677857399,
-0.3051409125328064,
0.1633126437664032,
0.1785714328289032,
0.1244986429810524,
0.4144112765789032,
-0.4860491156578064,
0.1941789835691452,
0.2387520968914032,
0.0381796695291996,
0.167510986328125,
0.023539407178759575,
-0.1106937974691391,
-0.115264892578125,
0.1813441663980484,
0.2977992594242096,
-0.0982012078166008,
0.1669878214597702,
-0.007790701929479837,
-0.2501220703125,
0.0489719919860363,
0.74755859375,
-0.4382672905921936,
-0.015428815968334675,
-0.04972730204463005,
0.3386404812335968,
0.1651349812746048,
-0.0799800306558609,
0.2323869913816452,
-0.0259421207010746,
5.4481024742126465,
0.1183035746216774,
0.3976702094078064,
0.0969216451048851,
0.1706717312335968,
0.07729557901620865,
-0.2617013156414032,
0.1575578898191452,
-0.19696044921875,
-0.1556134968996048,
-0.0449807308614254,
0.1191842183470726,
-0.4772251546382904,
0.3671351969242096,
0.1017107293009758,
0.4342389702796936,
-0.4385811984539032,
0.032287053763866425,
0.4627162516117096,
-0.09116799384355545,
0.2951311469078064,
0.01849365234375,
0.3167201578617096,
-0.4958844780921936,
-0.5074288249015808,
-0.1161738783121109,
-0.2034912109375,
-0.004525321070104837,
-0.1248081773519516,
-0.03006853349506855,
0.2195347398519516,
0.4211600124835968,
0.011196681298315525,
0.4780971109867096,
-0.4979771077632904,
0.08550262451171875,
0.2184361070394516,
0.1224539652466774,
-0.0907679945230484,
-0.01967838779091835,
0.4493931233882904,
0.3812778890132904,
-0.05076272040605545,
-0.0190713070333004,
-0.1634782999753952,
0.0390886589884758,
0.02025822177529335,
-0.0640411376953125,
0.1835239976644516,
0.0874372199177742,
0.3120553195476532,
0.0794394388794899,
1.0675222873687744,
0.4497767984867096,
-0.0928388312458992,
0.3641183078289032,
0.0106658935546875,
-0.017275402322411537,
0.1665475070476532,
0.01915849931538105,
0.6283133625984192,
0.01808602549135685,
-0.039397306740283966,
0.0991319939494133,
0.2128993421792984,
0.24951171875,
0.06719970703125,
-0.2154017835855484,
0.6752232313156128,
-0.4059360921382904,
0.2776053249835968,
0.7842494249343872,
-0.1190447136759758,
0.6072474718093872,
0.1130022332072258,
-0.2639944851398468,
0.5034877061843872,
-0.4188058078289032,
-0.1568625271320343,
0.0353851318359375,
-0.1523263156414032,
-0.2762799859046936,
-0.4302455484867096,
0.1402587890625,
0.1009390726685524,
-0.216552734375,
-0.3228062093257904,
0.008783613331615925,
0.0615931935608387,
0.1893484890460968,
0.11244092881679535,
0.0614580437541008,
-0.2523455023765564,
0.3743198812007904,
0.0890241339802742,
0.05149296298623085,
0.1552472859621048,
0.0112244738265872,
-0.11756079643964767,
0.0401218943297863,
-0.3382394015789032,
0.1776994913816452,
-0.20435550808906555,
0.01063592080026865,
0.3799176812171936,
0.1139962300658226,
0.383544921875,
0.2056012898683548,
0.1736581027507782,
0.3653390109539032,
0.376220703125,
0.2217646986246109,
-0.0746568962931633,
-0.15179443359375,
0.01274980790913105
] |
10 | What do Grasshoppers eat? | [
{
"docid": "1021764#34",
"text": "Grasshoppers eat large quantities of foliage both as adults and during their development, and can be serious pests of arid land and prairies. Pasture, grain, forage, vegetable and other crops can be affected. Grasshoppers often bask in the sun, and thrive in warm sunny conditions, so drought stimulates an increase in grasshopper populations. A single season of drought is not normally sufficient to stimulate a major population increase, but several successive dry seasons can do so, especially if the intervening winters are mild so that large numbers of nymphs survive. Although sunny weather stimulates growth, there needs to be an adequate food supply for the increasing grasshopper population. This means that although precipitation is needed to stimulate plant growth, prolonged periods of cloudy weather will slow nymphal development.",
"title": "Grasshopper"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "12560590#4",
"text": "In 1911, Abraham Isaac Kook, the chief rabbi of Ottoman Palestine, addressed a question to the rabbinic Court at Sana'a concerning their custom of eating grasshoppers, and whether this custom was observed by observing their outward features, or by simply relying upon an oral tradition. The reply given to him by the court was as follows: \"The grasshoppers which are eaten by way of a tradition from our forefathers, which happen to be clean, are well-known unto us. But there are yet other species which have all the recognizable features of being clean, yet do we practice abstaining from them. [Appendage]: The clean grasshoppers () about which we have a tradition are actually three species having each one different coloration [from the other], and each of them are called by us in the Arabian tongue, \"ğarād\" (locusts). But there are yet other species, about which we have no tradition, and we will not eat them. One of which is a little larger in size than the grasshoppers, having the name of \"`awsham\". There is yet another variety, smaller in size than the grasshopper, and it is called \"ḥanājir\" (katydids).\"",
"title": "Kosher locust"
},
{
"docid": "1021764#12",
"text": "Most grasshoppers are polyphagous, eating vegetation from multiple plant sources, but some are omnivorous and also eat animal tissue and animal faeces. In general their preference is for grasses, including many cereals grown as crops. The digestive system is typical of insects, with Malpighian tubules discharging into the midgut. Carbohydrates are digested mainly in the crop, while proteins are digested in the ceca of the midgut. Saliva is abundant but largely free of enzymes, helping to move food and Malpighian secretions along the gut. Some grasshoppers possess cellulase, which by softening plant cell walls makes plant cell contents accessible to other digestive enzymes.",
"title": "Grasshopper"
},
{
"docid": "31676370#5",
"text": "Grasshoppers in general, including this species, are herbivorous and subsist mainly on grasses. Scientists have gained knowledge of the diet of \"G. rufus\" through the use of feces as a source of DNA. It has been documented to eat plants of the genus \"Bromus\", the species \"Holcus lanatus\", and the subfamily Pooideae, all within the family Poaceae. Poaceae is a family of flowering monocots whose members are referred to as true grasses. Pooideae includes lawn grasses and cereals such as wheat and barley. \"Bromus\" is composed of grasses called brome grasses or cheat grasses. \"Holcus lanatus\", more commonly known as Yorkshire fog or velvet grass, is a species of perennial pasture grass noted for its hairy texture. The rufous grasshopper has also been known to sparingly eat other plants such as rushes.",
"title": "Rufous grasshopper"
},
{
"docid": "31603372#5",
"text": "The mottled sand grasshopper is herbivorous, eating 19 to 28 different species of plants consisting of grasses, sedges, and forbs. \"Blue grama, needleandthread, western wheatgrass, sand dropseed, witchgrass, and threadleaf\" are the main grasses and sedges eaten by the mottled sand grasshopper. Other, less favored grasses and sedges include \"sand bluestem, little bluestem, prairie sandreed, buffalograss, hairy grama, junegrass, sun sedge, and baltic rush\". Forbs eaten include \"kochia, Missouri milkvetch, sand sagebrush, western sticktight, sunflower, redroot pigweed, bracted spiderwort, rusty lupine, western ragweed\". They are geophilous, meaning they live and forage on the ground. They may climb up stalks of grass to cut off a piece to eat, but they mostly forage on ground debris. The front tarsi are used to hold the grass while the grasshopper lies horizontally.",
"title": "Spharagemon collare"
},
{
"docid": "1400053#4",
"text": "Its diet consists of mostly small invertebrates, such as caterpillars, beetle larvae, earthworms, centipedes, slugs, and sow bugs. It will also eat from the corpses of dead animals, and small amounts of seeds or fruits. This shrew will eat its prey whole, but when eating crickets and grasshoppers, the North American least shrew will bite off the head of its prey and eat only the internal organs. When fighting a larger creature, it will aim for the legs and try to cripple its adversary, and will bite lizards, which are often too large for it to kill, on the tail, which then falls off and provides it with a meal while the lizard escapes. The North American least shrew will also sometimes live inside beehives and eat all the larvae. It will often share its food with other shrews. It eats more than its body weight each day and is known to store food.",
"title": "North American least shrew"
},
{
"docid": "3241143#14",
"text": "The summer diet of Cassin's sparrows consists primarily of insects, especially grasshoppers, caterpillars, and beetles. Additional insects specifically mentioned in the literature include true bugs, ants, bees, wasps, weevils, spiders, snails, and moths. The young are fed almost entirely insects. note that observations of a Cassin's sparrow nest for 18 hours in 1984 showed that of 208 insects delivered to nestlings, 197 (95%) were acridid grasshoppers. However, reported that the stomachs of ten adults taken during the breeding season (late June and early July) contained animal and vegetable matter in about equal proportions (52% and 48%, respectively; range = 5–95%). He also found that five migrant Cassin's sparrow stomachs contained 99% animal material (range = 90–100%). There is a report of Cassin's sparrows eating flower buds of blackthorn bush (\"Condalia spathulata\") in season. In fall and winter, Cassin's sparrows eat the seeds of weeds and grasses. particularly mentions the consumption of seeds of chickweed (family Alsinaceae), plantain (\"Plantago\" spp.), woodsorrel (\"Xanthoxalis\" spp.), sedge (\"Carex\" spp.), panicum (\"Panicum\" spp.), other grasses, and sorghum (\"Sorghum\" spp.).",
"title": "Cassin's sparrow"
},
{
"docid": "350073#31",
"text": "During the breeding season, the ruff’s diet consists almost exclusively of the adults and larva of terrestrial and aquatic insects such as beetles and flies. On migration and during the winter, the ruff eats insects (including caddis flies, water-beetles, mayflies and grasshoppers), crustaceans, spiders, molluscs, worms, frogs, small fish, and also the seeds of rice and other cereals, sedges, grasses and aquatic plants. Migrating birds in Italy varied their diet according to what was available at each stopover site. Green aquatic plant material, spilt rice and maize, flies and beetles were found, along with varying amounts of grit. On the main wintering grounds in West Africa, rice is a favoured food during the later part of the season as the ricefields dry out.",
"title": "Ruff"
},
{
"docid": "461920#18",
"text": "Superb fairywrens are predominantly insectivorous. They eat a wide range of small creatures (mostly insects such as ants, grasshoppers, shield bugs, flies, weevils and various larvae) as well as small quantities of seeds, flowers, and fruit. Their foraging, termed 'hop-searching', occurs on the ground or in shrubs that are less than two metres high. Because this foraging practice renders them vulnerable to predators, birds tend to stick fairly close to cover and forage in groups. During winter, when food may be scarce, ants are an important 'last resort' food, constituting a much higher proportion of the diet. Nestlings, in contrast to adult birds, are fed a diet of larger items such as caterpillars and grasshoppers.",
"title": "Superb fairywren"
},
{
"docid": "391081#8",
"text": "Approximately 50% of the gray catbird's diet is fruit and berries. They also eat mealworms, earthworms, beetles, and other bugs. In summer, gray catbirds will eat mostly ants, beetles, grasshoppers, caterpillars, and moths. They also eat holly berries, cherries, elderberries, poison ivy, bay, and blackberries.",
"title": "Gray catbird"
}
] | [
0.1435818076133728,
0.2968241274356842,
-0.2280070036649704,
0.1187472864985466,
0.14988285303115845,
-0.14959123730659485,
0.12611643970012665,
-0.30419921875,
0.5366753339767456,
0.0516442209482193,
-0.2495693564414978,
-0.3207329511642456,
0.1953464150428772,
-0.01273176446557045,
0.1192626953125,
0.02513885498046875,
0.5288899540901184,
-0.1953328400850296,
-0.11234983056783676,
0.2631157636642456,
-0.1219618022441864,
0.4895561933517456,
-0.0329454205930233,
-0.1212972030043602,
0.3267957866191864,
-0.18087895214557648,
-0.1511027067899704,
0.2257639616727829,
0.2982584536075592,
-0.0660858154296875,
0.14154285192489624,
-0.4132215678691864,
0.1187574565410614,
0.6947970986366272,
-0.3646986186504364,
0.4325357973575592,
0.011516994796693325,
0.1818729043006897,
-0.3162468671798706,
0.252197265625,
0.4233669638633728,
0.3206142783164978,
0.1039174422621727,
0.00917365774512291,
0.454833984375,
-0.3568522036075592,
0.1727684885263443,
0.0628865584731102,
-0.0425652414560318,
0.3502197265625,
-0.2845052182674408,
0.3040296733379364,
0.02376588247716427,
0.2152167409658432,
0.14525434374809265,
-0.0098097063601017,
-0.1060858815908432,
0.5602349042892456,
-0.08279503881931305,
-0.3035074770450592,
0.2584499716758728,
-0.1301676481962204,
-0.3770616352558136,
0.1209920272231102,
0.3516167402267456,
0.2061699777841568,
0.1210259348154068,
0.2417670339345932,
-0.2621324360370636,
0.2313435822725296,
0.046833887696266174,
0.4576822817325592,
0.3002658486366272,
0.1064181849360466,
0.1277075856924057,
-0.01909520849585533,
0.12620799243450165,
0.2286105751991272,
0.1694607138633728,
-0.0557623952627182,
0.2515055239200592,
0.011723835952579975,
-0.4388020932674408,
0.1350182443857193,
-0.6579318642616272,
0.2373318076133728,
-0.008190896362066269,
0.2603352963924408,
-0.043107882142066956,
0.5181206464767456,
-0.2425197958946228,
-0.0382249616086483,
0.224609375,
0.3662787675857544,
-0.3939480185508728,
-0.010493808425962925,
0.3049180805683136,
0.324462890625,
-0.0855255126953125,
-0.0167371965944767,
0.2797444760799408,
-0.1426256000995636,
0.1853841096162796,
0.3694932758808136,
0.3300238847732544,
-0.2764350175857544,
-0.3862033486366272,
0.23696269094944,
0.2573343813419342,
0.11095979809761047,
0.05852847546339035,
-0.5574815273284912,
-0.143280029296875,
-0.008463965728878975,
0.2233615517616272,
-0.018068525940179825,
0.18452411890029907,
0.1885240375995636,
0.0657857283949852,
-0.5463595986366272,
0.5789387822151184,
0.4608018696308136,
-0.2461480051279068,
0.0230712890625,
0.2663167417049408,
-0.06096937879920006,
0.5262587070465088,
0.05350494384765625,
0.7249348759651184,
0.3561876118183136,
-0.2301703542470932,
0.1926676481962204,
0.1049397811293602,
0.8625217080116272,
0.7196723222732544,
0.3233100175857544,
0.4619140625,
0.1790364533662796,
-0.43896484375,
-0.3339708149433136,
-0.5250380039215088,
0.0005484686698764563,
0.3006320595741272,
0.5872938632965088,
0.2286105751991272,
0.4562445878982544,
-0.029023222625255585,
0.2251315712928772,
-0.1407097727060318,
0.3189527690410614,
0.0422227643430233,
-0.0021599663887172937,
0.0155118303373456,
0.4691976010799408,
0.2112087607383728,
0.3233608603477478,
-0.1237453892827034,
-0.20107878744602203,
0.1428883820772171,
-0.3340182900428772,
0.6912705898284912,
0.3743760883808136,
0.006802028976380825,
-0.09722900390625,
-0.05842675268650055,
0.3154839277267456,
0.06254789233207703,
0.6304524540901184,
0.3932698667049408,
-0.2960747480392456,
-0.0708601176738739,
0.3793131411075592,
0.1629299521446228,
-0.1509806364774704,
0.20653697848320007,
0.1838650107383728,
-0.0319451242685318,
0.0357123464345932,
0.4884982705116272,
-0.207275390625,
0.3336046040058136,
0.4109022319316864,
0.49658203125,
-0.05964568629860878,
0.7717556357383728,
0.2914360761642456,
-0.0426364466547966,
-0.0457424595952034,
-0.0928921177983284,
-0.182586669921875,
0.2978244423866272,
0.2948404848575592,
0.6675075888633728,
0.10638152062892914,
0.1796332448720932,
0.19192631542682648,
-0.1877068430185318,
0.7538520097732544,
-0.0773111954331398,
0.07851409912109375,
0.1402079313993454,
-0.15015751123428345,
-0.2994655966758728,
0.2998318076133728,
0.07519997656345367,
-0.02944268099963665,
0.3975151777267456,
0.5148654580116272,
-0.4485134482383728,
-0.4566243588924408,
-0.311370849609375,
0.1558837890625,
-0.07042355090379715,
0.3838433027267456,
-0.1858791708946228,
-0.1626824289560318,
-0.5363227128982544,
-0.06596459448337555,
0.5491807460784912,
0.2491590678691864,
-0.18779611587524414,
0.0315433070063591,
-0.0389133021235466,
-0.159027099609375,
0.1361965537071228,
0.1791449636220932,
-0.0644853413105011,
-0.6342231035232544,
0.0714653879404068,
0.3066135048866272,
0.1245897114276886,
-0.038543701171875,
-0.2014838308095932,
-0.3751966655254364,
0.2532009482383728,
0.3522678017616272,
0.1121775284409523,
0.1405605673789978,
-0.1399773508310318,
0.0490553118288517,
0.2761366069316864,
0.1634080708026886,
-0.2426622211933136,
0.1210801899433136,
0.1956108957529068,
0.0349358469247818,
0.0990787073969841,
0.1043192520737648,
-0.3232693076133728,
-0.2229478657245636,
0.1873711496591568,
-0.1239081472158432,
0.3313564658164978,
0.3372395932674408,
0.1696573942899704,
0.0659807026386261,
0.1694132536649704,
-0.1145748570561409,
-0.0063874986954033375,
0.4673665463924408,
0.3918999433517456,
0.1204901784658432,
0.2920600175857544,
0.4026964008808136,
-0.4306098222732544,
-0.42822265625,
0.2463921457529068,
0.5010036826133728,
0.2719590961933136,
-0.3341946005821228,
0.2481723427772522,
-0.2662760317325592,
-0.04431067407131195,
-0.1991543173789978,
-0.0704701766371727,
0.0098249651491642,
0.3699001669883728,
0.26999494433403015,
0.135650634765625,
0.20023176074028015,
0.03225114569067955,
-0.0453169085085392,
-0.2139621376991272,
-0.1026441752910614,
0.4214952290058136,
0.1056552454829216,
-0.009648640640079975,
-0.170928955078125,
-0.2713623046875,
0.1370842158794403,
-0.03976525366306305,
0.62451171875,
0.3997938334941864,
-0.4535861611366272,
-0.2416551411151886,
0.4720594584941864,
0.2197333425283432,
-0.0389387346804142,
0.2171766459941864,
-0.0882008895277977,
0.627685546875,
-0.1274583637714386,
0.3085462749004364,
0.5030653476715088,
-0.0438317209482193,
-0.2147013396024704,
-0.3824123740196228,
0.1381174772977829,
-0.0077650281600654125,
0.4309624433517456,
0.4530436098575592,
-0.12133195996284485,
-0.0929226353764534,
0.2867567241191864,
0.3264024555683136,
0.6404350996017456,
-0.0806952565908432,
0.1236368790268898,
0.9600694179534912,
0.1121419295668602,
0.3897162675857544,
0.2996012270450592,
-0.2919786274433136,
0.0835215225815773,
0.18684980273246765,
-0.1161668598651886,
-0.1605021208524704,
0.032270219177007675,
0.0689375102519989,
-0.0474582239985466,
0.8365885615348816,
0.1485629677772522,
-0.03176455944776535,
-0.1270599365234375,
-0.4652777910232544,
0.2081298828125,
-0.1402045339345932,
0.5606553554534912,
-0.1736178994178772,
-0.2874823808670044,
0.01419830322265625,
0.2090250700712204,
-0.096893310546875,
0.4209798276424408,
-0.1325208842754364,
0.0520409494638443,
0.3665635883808136,
-0.1387600302696228,
0.7162543535232544,
-0.3065185546875,
0.140411376953125,
0.3555365800857544,
0.04873742163181305,
-0.2659776508808136,
0.34521484375,
0.008550431579351425,
0.1266411691904068,
-0.0839097797870636,
0.2955729067325592,
-0.186279296875,
-0.00006273057806538418,
0.13498179614543915,
0.1899685263633728,
-0.02023993618786335,
-0.0031016666907817125,
0.3345811665058136,
0.1107279434800148,
-0.1607632040977478,
-0.0381300188601017,
-0.10256195068359375,
0.0921393483877182,
-0.2181362509727478,
-0.1353929340839386,
0.3177897036075592,
-0.3107367753982544,
-0.1192406564950943,
0.3639051616191864,
0.3680419921875,
0.53857421875,
0.1567145437002182,
0.1187167689204216,
0.7073567509651184,
0.4156629741191864,
0.1730685830116272,
0.1801588237285614,
-0.2348225861787796,
0.1359134316444397,
0.022069189697504044,
-0.1118062362074852,
0.0547129325568676,
0.05410660803318024,
-0.1819830983877182,
-0.3426717221736908,
0.04762013629078865,
-0.0362091064453125,
0.3209499716758728,
0.07369232177734375,
0.11759863793849945,
0.1972859650850296,
-0.1816168874502182,
-0.1428239643573761,
0.1265496164560318,
0.7203776240348816,
0.540771484375,
4.109158039093018,
0.0632510706782341,
0.3706732988357544,
0.1249576136469841,
0.11052364856004715,
0.5009765625,
0.4002007246017456,
-0.0726860910654068,
0.2817789614200592,
0.0682610422372818,
0.2202690988779068,
-0.0005003611440770328,
-0.0674540176987648,
0.0947740375995636,
-0.0806952565908432,
0.2887505292892456,
0.2791205644607544,
0.1330363005399704,
-0.2591010332107544,
0.1905585378408432,
-0.3984375,
0.6219075322151184,
0.1238945871591568,
0.0519917793571949,
0.6528591513633728,
-0.0808461531996727,
0.70458984375,
-0.2692803144454956,
0.4472385048866272,
0.3966471254825592,
0.4780815839767456,
-0.168975830078125,
0.1932033896446228,
0.09086862951517105,
-0.4663017988204956,
0.2801378071308136,
0.3939344584941864,
0.2641788125038147,
0.04935815557837486,
0.08001708984375,
-0.0707523301243782,
0.8209635615348816,
0.6622450351715088,
0.4393988847732544,
0.5822211503982544,
-0.2312418669462204,
-0.02862040139734745,
0.4289008378982544,
0.1146104633808136,
-0.2819145917892456,
0.1671345978975296,
0.0031873914413154125,
-0.2514512836933136,
-0.5808919072151184,
0.12111833691596985,
0.4683702290058136,
-0.0890570729970932,
-0.01693126931786537,
0.010988871566951275,
0.2982720136642456,
0.3739691972732544,
-0.2224799245595932,
0.1744452565908432,
-0.1993679404258728,
-0.2786729633808136,
0.2513292133808136,
0.1596272736787796,
0.3922797441482544,
-0.06988525390625,
-0.3482869565486908,
0.6620008945465088,
0.1619907021522522,
0.11213302612304688,
-0.1633232980966568,
0.1737535297870636,
0.01640998013317585,
-0.448974609375,
-0.2816433310508728,
0.2054714560508728,
-0.0547570139169693,
0.3185085654258728,
0.014133029617369175,
0.1559956818819046,
0.2495015412569046,
-0.03131357952952385,
0.5764431357383728,
0.0870123952627182,
-0.3537733256816864,
0.6516926884651184,
-0.1849704384803772,
-0.0596601702272892,
-0.0877855122089386,
0.3671332597732544,
0.2234564870595932,
-0.04790899530053139,
-0.1595865935087204,
0.3387857973575592,
-4.011067867279053,
0.03248055651783943,
0.2190958708524704,
-0.2000325471162796,
0.2664252519607544,
-0.14215511083602905,
-0.0758260115981102,
0.1989576518535614,
-0.217681884765625,
0.3466796875,
-0.2853935956954956,
0.3051215410232544,
-0.3423665463924408,
0.7565104365348816,
-0.0297114048153162,
0.1431477814912796,
0.0737542062997818,
0.00646294467151165,
0.0944654643535614,
-0.10185665637254715,
0.3594970703125,
0.2316131591796875,
0.4586317241191864,
-0.3628675639629364,
0.2757059633731842,
0.1896158903837204,
-0.1999172568321228,
-0.2338189035654068,
0.037406180053949356,
-0.2286885529756546,
0.2737223207950592,
0.02915075048804283,
0.3660753071308136,
-0.17302745580673218,
-0.2496660053730011,
0.4353569746017456,
0.1166619211435318,
-0.08254241943359375,
0.3978407084941864,
0.1939968466758728,
-0.0120608014985919,
-0.03895144909620285,
0.1045159250497818,
0.551513671875,
0.12020662426948547,
-0.1002892404794693,
-0.1774766743183136,
0.3888888955116272,
-0.014055464416742325,
0.2041100412607193,
0.3439670205116272,
0.04081196337938309,
-0.030914306640625,
-0.2021823525428772,
0.3277723491191864,
-0.08197106420993805,
0.02340189553797245,
0.2378133088350296,
0.1723276823759079,
0.0853797048330307,
0.21362686157226562,
-0.1024119034409523,
0.00032658048439770937,
-0.4630262553691864,
0.61468505859375,
-0.4078775942325592,
-0.4496799111366272,
0.15972900390625,
0.353271484375,
-0.16437530517578125,
0.03005472756922245,
-0.011098225601017475,
0.2678765058517456,
0.0661739781498909,
0.05547481030225754,
0.4214138388633728,
-0.11164004355669022,
-0.3036159873008728,
0.4762641191482544,
0.25042724609375,
0.2874349057674408,
0.1465928852558136,
-0.4053548276424408,
0.0640326589345932,
2.498480796813965,
0.2672254741191864,
2.127387046813965,
-0.0692715123295784,
0.0631646066904068,
0.3588460385799408,
-0.3025444746017456,
0.4333767294883728,
-0.03060065396130085,
0.1461656391620636,
0.0945112407207489,
0.09184011071920395,
-0.4514431357383728,
0.0519544817507267,
-0.12803226709365845,
0.03131930157542229,
0.2272542268037796,
-0.5278591513633728,
0.0653177872300148,
-0.4456108808517456,
0.0098635358735919,
-0.1980929970741272,
-0.022782113403081894,
0.1297200471162796,
-0.2396172434091568,
0.0414835624396801,
-0.1630045622587204,
-0.1831800639629364,
0.3013509213924408,
-0.471435546875,
0.0998026505112648,
0.1758558452129364,
0.4152560830116272,
0.3575846254825592,
0.1604682058095932,
-0.0885654017329216,
0.19097900390625,
4.76475715637207,
-0.2686496376991272,
-0.2561713457107544,
-0.0557505302131176,
0.051908597350120544,
0.17935773730278015,
0.2833455502986908,
-0.0642920583486557,
-0.1658257395029068,
0.1092817485332489,
0.5509982705116272,
0.4600694477558136,
0.0242292620241642,
-0.18427446484565735,
-0.013842688873410225,
-0.1324225515127182,
-0.0211198590695858,
-0.052327051758766174,
0.5430772304534912,
-0.4258897602558136,
0.0028716193046420813,
0.12730640172958374,
0.1817152202129364,
-0.1026458740234375,
0.3278130292892456,
0.2525363564491272,
0.3165690004825592,
-0.18341064453125,
-0.11467276513576508,
-0.09395217895507812,
-0.04305775836110115,
5.453125,
0.2950981855392456,
0.1548801064491272,
-0.08003827929496765,
-0.11113569140434265,
-0.04100004956126213,
-0.2636854350566864,
-0.2136332243680954,
-0.4977484941482544,
-0.2170817106962204,
-0.0726572647690773,
0.02568562887609005,
-0.2239108681678772,
0.5891926884651184,
-0.1768697053194046,
-0.0511593297123909,
-0.008968777023255825,
0.321533203125,
0.00525665283203125,
-0.3103434145450592,
0.2906663715839386,
-0.2630208432674408,
0.1980387419462204,
-0.1515638530254364,
-0.19273842871189117,
-0.3709716796875,
-0.0743136927485466,
-0.09859572350978851,
-0.0177171491086483,
-0.2233479768037796,
0.1206766739487648,
0.3296847939491272,
-0.2441948801279068,
0.6221516728401184,
-0.2402682900428772,
-0.143524169921875,
0.4076063334941864,
0.3017103374004364,
0.6326225996017456,
-0.018218994140625,
0.2414279580116272,
0.4812825620174408,
-0.4420030415058136,
-0.2249586284160614,
-0.3308647871017456,
-0.2856106162071228,
-0.02654012106359005,
0.2543674111366272,
-0.0886332169175148,
0.2566189169883728,
0.2938232421875,
0.0958523228764534,
1.0721029043197632,
-0.4868977963924408,
-0.3879055380821228,
0.2707248330116272,
0.3124321699142456,
0.0072479248046875,
0.2974175214767456,
-0.201471745967865,
0.7124565839767456,
0.2000868022441864,
-0.1853875070810318,
0.4758843183517456,
0.0966966450214386,
0.325439453125,
0.0821685791015625,
-0.024261951446533203,
0.409912109375,
-0.2237481027841568,
-0.1897108256816864,
0.2400037944316864,
0.1722751259803772,
-0.0855611190199852,
-0.4288736879825592,
0.2632651925086975,
-0.03018697164952755,
-0.2315402626991272,
-0.08233727514743805,
-0.1664835661649704,
0.09017053991556168,
-0.0477311871945858,
-0.03055487759411335,
-0.0649312362074852,
-0.4086371660232544,
-0.0960896834731102,
-0.145263671875,
-0.006648593582212925,
0.1536933034658432,
0.03593454137444496,
0.18701171875,
0.1395636647939682,
0.0926751047372818,
-0.0551350899040699,
-0.1608683317899704,
0.11343807727098465,
0.002704196609556675,
0.3985866904258728,
-0.1692841649055481,
0.1278466135263443,
0.1150461807847023,
0.1145646870136261,
0.4091254472732544,
0.0363515205681324,
0.12127685546875,
-0.1024508997797966,
0.1688961386680603,
-0.008850838989019394,
-0.3306206464767456,
0.0931277796626091,
0.2950439453125,
0.2586601972579956,
-0.020750893279910088,
0.10691579431295395,
-0.0075166490860283375
] |
12 | When was Guitar Hero Live first released? | [
{
"docid": "9432075#4",
"text": "In 2015, Activision announced the first new title to the series in 5 years, \"Guitar Hero Live\", released in October 2015. The title is considered a reboot of the series, with development being performed by FreeStyleGames, who had developed the \"DJ Hero\" games previously. As of December 1, 2018, Activision disabled the GHTV servers for Guitar Hero Live, reducing playable content from approximately 500 songs to 42 on disc tracks.",
"title": "Guitar Hero"
},
{
"docid": "9432075#13",
"text": "In April 2015, Activision announced a new entry in the series, titled \"Guitar Hero Live\". The title was developed by Activision's internal studio FreeStyleGames, who previously had worked on the \"DJ Hero\" spinoff titles. FreeStyleGames were given free rein to reboot the \"Guitar Hero\" series for next-generation consoles. One of their first innovations was to drop the standard five-button guitar controller, ultimately designing a six-button guitar controller, with two rows of three buttons each, allowing them to mimic actual guitar fingering. \"Guitar Hero Live\" was released with both a career and an online mode. The career mode used full-motion video taken from the perspective of a lead guitarist underneath the note highway, to create an immersive experience to the player. The online mode, called \"GHTV\", discarded the previous downloadable content approach and used a music video channel approach to stream playable songs to players, adding new songs to the catalog on a weekly basis. The game was released in October 2015.",
"title": "Guitar Hero"
},
{
"docid": "27505795#0",
"text": "\"\" is the sixth main game in the \"Guitar Hero\" series, released by Activision to the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii consoles in September 2010. The game was developed by Activision's subsidiary studios RedOctane, Neversoft, and Vicarious Visions; the latter provided support for additional features in the Wii version of the game. Following a decline in sales of music games in 2009, partially due to the large number of music games released that year, Activision scaled back their efforts in the \"Guitar Hero\" series. \"Warriors of Rock\" represents the final game developed by RedOctane and Neversoft. Both studios' respective \"Guitar Hero\" divisions were closed once the game was complete, with key personnel brought into Activision directly for future games. It was initially announced that Vicarious Visions would take over future game development of the \"Guitar Hero\" series, however due to declining music game sales, all further development of the \"Guitar Hero\" series was cancelled, until 2015 when \"Guitar Hero Live\" was released.",
"title": "List of songs in Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock"
},
{
"docid": "46752781#0",
"text": "\"Guitar Hero Live\" is a 2015 music video game that's developed by FreeStyleGames and published by Activision. It is the first title in the \"Guitar Hero\" series since it went on hiatus after 2011, and the first game in the series available for 8th generation video game consoles (PlayStation 4, Wii U, and Xbox One). The game was released worldwide on 20 October 2015 for these systems as well as the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and iOS devices including the Apple TV.",
"title": "List of songs in Guitar Hero Live"
},
{
"docid": "9432075#20",
"text": "Following a five-year hiatus, as described below, Activision announced \"Guitar Hero Live\" for release in late 2015 on most seventh-generation and eighth-generation consoles. \"Live\" was developed to rebuild the game from the ground up, and while the gameplay remains similar to the earlier titles, focusing primarily on the lead guitar, it uses a 3-button guitar controller with each button having \"up\" and \"down\" positions, making for more complex tabulators. The game using live footage of a rock concert, taken from the perspective of the lead guitarist, as to provide a more immersive experience.",
"title": "Guitar Hero"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "46408645#32",
"text": "In an earnings report shortly following the game's release, Activision stated that \"Guitar Hero Live\" was outselling their previous two \"Guitar Hero\" games, \"\" and \"Guitar Hero 5\", though did not report exact sales numbers. In their quarterly earnings results presented in February 2016, Activision reported that sales for \"Guitar Hero Live\" missed their expectations, and in March 2016, announced that they had to let go of about 50 of FreeStyleGames' employees, though the studio still remains open to continue additional work for Activision. Prior to the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2016, Activision stated they will continue to produce content for \"Guitar Hero Live\" but have no present plans for another game.",
"title": "Guitar Hero Live"
},
{
"docid": "46408645#26",
"text": "On 14 April 2015, Hirshberg and Jackson invited Pete Wentz of Fall Out Boy and Gerard Way of My Chemical Romance to promote the game. Wentz performed his band's song \"My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark\" in the Guitar Hero Live mode, while Way and Jackson dueled each other on My Chemical Romance's song \"Na Na Na\". A commercial for the game was revealed in October 2015, starring Lenny Kravitz and James Franco. In conjunction with Activision, The CW ran special promotional ads for \"Guitar Hero Live\", featuring the actors David Ramsey and Candice Patton playing the game in the week prior to the game's release. Activision arranged to have rapper Macklemore play \"Guitar Hero Live\" with FreeStyleGames' Jamie Jackson during the halftime show of the Seattle Seahawks home game on the Sunday prior to the release of the game.",
"title": "Guitar Hero Live"
},
{
"docid": "21908296#5",
"text": "\"Guitar Hero: On Tour\" was officially announced on September 7, 2007, at the Austin GDC '07, and released on June 22, 2008. During a conference call on May 8, 2008, Activision revealed that the game would be sold as an individual game (along with the \"Guitar Grip\") as well as bundled with the DS hardware itself. In North America, Nintendo released a bundle which included \"Guitar Hero: On Tour\" and a limited edition Silver/Black Nintendo DS Lite branded with the \"Guitar Hero\" logo. This bundle was available with the release of \"Guitar Hero: On Tour\" in the United Kingdom. This is the first third-party DS game to be included in such a bundle. When pre-ordered in certain stores, the consumer received either a special Guitar Hero: On Tour set of headphones, Nintendo DS Lite \"wrap\" pack (two stickers for use on the console) or an exclusive guitar pick stylus. The headphones and stylus feature the Guitar Hero: On Tour logo. On June 14, Toys \"R\" Us stores across the US hosted a \"First to Play\" event, where players tried out the game more than a week before its release. Also at the event, anyone who attended received a free Guitar Hero sticker, a temporary tattoo, and a special dog tag.",
"title": "Guitar Hero: On Tour series"
},
{
"docid": "8914391#4",
"text": "\"Guitar Hero Encore: Rocks the 80s\" was initially announced by EGM in January 2007 as \"Guitar Hero: 1980s Edition\". Orange Lounge Radio claimed that the game would be released in June 2007, based on an Activision announcement, though no other source has cited this announcement. Activision officially revealed the first details of the game May 11, 2007, in addition to changing the game's title to \"Guitar Hero: Rocks the 80s\". Only a few weeks later, the game name was revised again as \"Guitar Hero Encore: Rocks the 80s\", as official artwork for the game was first released. Nevertheless, the word 'Encore' has been dropped from the title of the European releases.",
"title": "Guitar Hero Encore: Rocks the 80s"
},
{
"docid": "9432075#17",
"text": "\"\" was released in late 2007 for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Microsoft Windows, and Mac OS X platforms. The title is the first installment of the series to include wireless guitars bundled with the game and also the first to release a special bundle with two guitars. The game includes Slash and Tom Morello as playable characters in addition to the existing fictional avatars; both guitarists performed motion capture to be used for their characters' animation in the game.\n\"Guitar Hero World Tour\", previously named \"Guitar Hero IV\", is the fourth full game in the series and was released on October 26, 2008 for PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Wii. Analysts had expected that future \"Guitar Hero\" games in 2008 would include additional instrument peripherals to compete against \"Rock Band\"; \"Guitar Hero World Tour\" was confirmed as in development following the announcement of the merger between Activision and Vivendi Games in December 2007. Activision's CEO Bobby Kotick announced on April 21, 2008 that \"Guitar Hero World Tour\" will branch out into other instruments including vocals. \"Guitar Hero World Tour\" includes drums and vocals, and can be bought packaged with a new drum set controller, a microphone, and the standard guitar controller. A larger number of real-world musicians appear as playable characters, including Jimi Hendrix, Billy Corgan, Hayley Williams, Zakk Wylde, Ted Nugent, Travis Barker, Sting, and Ozzy Osbourne. \"Guitar Hero World Tour\" also features custom song creation that can be shared with others.",
"title": "Guitar Hero"
}
] | [
0.1299196183681488,
-0.2806762754917145,
0.11150817573070526,
-0.08873558044433594,
-0.05964050441980362,
0.25459593534469604,
0.3220458924770355,
-0.3413330018520355,
0.4612793028354645,
0.47492676973342896,
-0.28531569242477417,
-0.22110290825366974,
-0.13215789198875427,
0.43256837129592896,
0.14115294814109802,
0.16480103135108948,
0.7040039300918579,
0.049275971949100494,
-0.19535522162914276,
0.196075439453125,
-0.20654907822608948,
0.6629394292831421,
0.034062959253787994,
0.04927520826458931,
-0.045783232897520065,
0.13159847259521484,
-0.37077635526657104,
0.17961159348487854,
0.2184501588344574,
0.3246826231479645,
0.17556151747703552,
-0.2376708984375,
0.13811644911766052,
0.4903320372104645,
-0.5850982666015625,
0.4305175840854645,
0.24195556342601776,
0.02767333947122097,
0.23673400282859802,
0.14907988905906677,
-0.07453612983226776,
-0.40739744901657104,
-0.02679290808737278,
-0.114959716796875,
0.4703125059604645,
0.406494140625,
-0.06704206764698029,
-0.06197700649499893,
0.06638030707836151,
0.0375823974609375,
-0.40629881620407104,
-0.11097411811351776,
-0.11569824069738388,
0.20981445908546448,
-0.46696776151657104,
0.626782238483429,
-0.567065417766571,
0.24835205078125,
0.00933685339987278,
0.05489234998822212,
0.17926025390625,
0.14054489135742188,
-0.07861328125,
0.05502166599035263,
0.05473937839269638,
0.40241700410842896,
0.28582763671875,
0.3341064453125,
0.47459715604782104,
-0.0348546989262104,
-0.24482421576976776,
0.3987670838832855,
0.657910168170929,
0.08130569756031036,
-0.40733641386032104,
-0.3598266541957855,
-0.25974732637405396,
-0.1048126220703125,
0.4440673887729645,
-0.2442626953125,
0.4967285096645355,
-0.13595275580883026,
-0.4060623049736023,
0.07266159355640411,
0.11893920600414276,
0.23907470703125,
-0.04407043382525444,
-0.08369140326976776,
0.1817069947719574,
0.40379637479782104,
0.18746337294578552,
-0.09242439270019531,
0.3003997802734375,
0.06650085747241974,
0.03645915910601616,
0.19489136338233948,
-0.036529541015625,
-0.42988282442092896,
0.04617614671587944,
-0.26259613037109375,
0.39582520723342896,
-0.13509216904640198,
-0.09916763007640839,
0.31584471464157104,
0.28673094511032104,
-0.35563963651657104,
-0.473876953125,
0.2436210662126541,
0.02837524376809597,
0.46892088651657104,
0.2985168397426605,
-0.03620605543255806,
-0.20585326850414276,
-0.16957244277000427,
0.21710816025733948,
0.21624755859375,
0.5189758539199829,
-0.05820770189166069,
-0.04449920728802681,
-0.8230956792831421,
0.3631835877895355,
0.3900390565395355,
-0.21353760361671448,
-0.12997636198997498,
-0.2252349853515625,
-0.44697874784469604,
0.71533203125,
0.005046844482421875,
0.627490222454071,
0.5141845941543579,
0.3416992127895355,
0.14206543564796448,
0.1153411865234375,
0.65185546875,
0.31294554471969604,
-0.01183471642434597,
0.22895507514476776,
-0.0048316954635083675,
-0.18638916313648224,
-0.08733367919921875,
0.10868415981531143,
0.05545368045568466,
0.05291748046875,
0.7333008050918579,
0.13480834662914276,
0.13671875,
0.03649597242474556,
0.14223022758960724,
0.5159912109375,
0.3000122010707855,
0.42912596464157104,
-0.2790466248989105,
-0.14739379286766052,
0.49003905057907104,
0.05753784254193306,
0.026760101318359375,
0.20999756455421448,
-0.15170593559741974,
-0.092926025390625,
-0.07626037299633026,
0.6854248046875,
0.31158447265625,
0.27752685546875,
-0.10942535102367401,
0.39134520292282104,
0.14152221381664276,
0.06604848057031631,
0.516284167766571,
0.596020519733429,
-0.17058715224266052,
-0.27679443359375,
-0.16658325493335724,
0.31556397676467896,
-0.14815978705883026,
0.04601898044347763,
0.027436066418886185,
-0.21051636338233948,
-0.01108627300709486,
0.10163573920726776,
-0.3319335877895355,
0.01997680589556694,
0.2551513612270355,
0.5268799066543579,
0.10255012661218643,
0.551562488079071,
0.24967041611671448,
0.11593170464038849,
-0.24765929579734802,
-0.3261962831020355,
0.13163605332374573,
0.4036621153354645,
0.40753173828125,
0.49267578125,
0.01781158521771431,
-0.06407394260168076,
0.035565994679927826,
-0.4862121641635895,
-0.1366477906703949,
0.06756667792797089,
0.045470427721738815,
0.01597747765481472,
0.09951019287109375,
-0.43293458223342896,
0.14029541611671448,
0.43962401151657104,
-0.21757659316062927,
0.0728355422616005,
0.603710949420929,
-0.2511352598667145,
0.06963195651769638,
0.07451973110437393,
0.16928711533546448,
-0.0934680923819542,
0.18195191025733948,
0.013161564245820045,
0.4061279296875,
-0.06124267727136612,
-0.021343613043427467,
0.3443710207939148,
0.26356202363967896,
-0.14466552436351776,
0.551074206829071,
-0.18367843329906464,
-0.009575461968779564,
0.218597412109375,
-0.32283324003219604,
-0.4091796875,
-0.49840086698532104,
0.08149413764476776,
0.22438354790210724,
0.11641550064086914,
0.4449462890625,
-0.39631348848342896,
-0.22115173935890198,
0.18335571885108948,
-0.06275596469640732,
0.3709960877895355,
0.03124084509909153,
0.35096436738967896,
-0.6309814453125,
0.18330077826976776,
-0.16823729872703552,
-0.23582763969898224,
-0.06189575046300888,
0.46391600370407104,
-0.09909363090991974,
0.9178711175918579,
0.2318061888217926,
0.1415657103061676,
-0.220947265625,
0.012387084774672985,
-0.008100127801299095,
0.024277497082948685,
0.02176208421587944,
-0.3480468690395355,
-0.13772277534008026,
0.3677734434604645,
0.01309280376881361,
-0.16649016737937927,
0.188690185546875,
-0.06953544914722443,
0.522534191608429,
0.3460449278354645,
0.2956909239292145,
-0.11840514838695526,
-0.16498717665672302,
0.22931519150733948,
0.46110838651657104,
-0.0292510986328125,
0.45463865995407104,
0.5218750238418579,
-0.24414673447608948,
0.04771137237548828,
0.37065428495407104,
0.11387024074792862,
-0.04563445970416069,
0.1396484375,
0.671142578125,
-0.2875915467739105,
0.3543044924736023,
0.292724609375,
-0.01231994666159153,
-0.331329345703125,
0.01640624925494194,
0.30750733613967896,
-0.11091842502355576,
0.1608024537563324,
-0.35734862089157104,
-0.19397124648094177,
-0.05087433010339737,
0.18116454780101776,
0.679931640625,
-0.3559814393520355,
-0.45086669921875,
-0.10721130669116974,
0.4058471620082855,
0.14224548637866974,
0.06925354152917862,
0.06904754787683487,
-0.1495819091796875,
0.406463623046875,
-0.507519543170929,
0.08978728950023651,
0.11440734565258026,
-0.19180908799171448,
-0.10142228752374649,
-0.37480467557907104,
0.20795898139476776,
0.24872131645679474,
0.04405670240521431,
0.796142578125,
-0.5455566644668579,
-0.07693634182214737,
0.09529266506433487,
0.24796752631664276,
0.595654308795929,
0.23774567246437073,
0.34089356660842896,
0.619213879108429,
-0.20032958686351776,
0.197794109582901,
-0.30268555879592896,
-0.217742919921875,
0.28050535917282104,
-0.06695032119750977,
-0.47327882051467896,
-0.018679428845643997,
-0.24772949516773224,
0.33648681640625,
-0.04940490797162056,
0.15341797471046448,
-0.07943058013916016,
-0.2872108519077301,
-0.1362960785627365,
-0.11658553779125214,
0.11313934624195099,
0.16176757216453552,
0.7745361328125,
-0.03581390529870987,
-0.30879515409469604,
0.10255737602710724,
-0.1424102783203125,
0.04742126539349556,
0.21590575575828552,
-0.0962587371468544,
-0.07271461188793182,
0.3083434998989105,
0.12854233384132385,
0.05875091627240181,
0.14171752333641052,
0.51806640625,
-0.14752808213233948,
-0.20119018852710724,
0.3061157166957855,
0.201507568359375,
0.2536300718784332,
-0.06574096530675888,
-0.26824951171875,
0.39348143339157104,
-0.06996764987707138,
0.2856811583042145,
0.412353515625,
0.3953857421875,
-0.19904088973999023,
0.4607177674770355,
0.33881837129592896,
-0.20862731337547302,
0.27979737520217896,
-0.02221527136862278,
0.13685913383960724,
-0.0028526305686682463,
0.4952392578125,
0.12282828986644745,
0.27961426973342896,
-0.4506591856479645,
0.10289029777050018,
-0.03725128248333931,
0.2867370545864105,
0.4021972715854645,
0.26324462890625,
0.48662108182907104,
0.501538097858429,
0.15130767226219177,
0.04325065761804581,
-0.1487991362810135,
-0.1428985595703125,
-0.4955810606479645,
-0.25603944063186646,
-0.09750671684741974,
0.21942749619483948,
0.4164062440395355,
-0.2507430911064148,
-0.3199348449707031,
-0.052639007568359375,
-0.3448852598667145,
-0.16868285834789276,
0.10010375827550888,
0.2337646484375,
0.08338165283203125,
-0.23103675246238708,
-0.20261231064796448,
0.4779296815395355,
0.22725829482078552,
0.451416015625,
3.996875047683716,
-0.076019287109375,
0.11150512844324112,
-0.18795165419578552,
-0.30909425020217896,
-0.05530700832605362,
-0.02002716064453125,
-0.14282378554344177,
-0.0579986572265625,
-0.16473083198070526,
0.012640762142837048,
0.03106689453125,
0.07842693477869034,
0.13189849257469177,
-0.09282074123620987,
0.24398192763328552,
0.44523924589157104,
0.03217735141515732,
0.355224609375,
0.21004638075828552,
-0.15938416123390198,
0.46503907442092896,
0.12588615715503693,
0.627514660358429,
0.20834961533546448,
-0.22000733017921448,
0.3065429627895355,
-0.12501373887062073,
0.3066650331020355,
0.053916167467832565,
0.5125976800918579,
-0.135650634765625,
0.0184173583984375,
0.02585277520120144,
-1.045166015625,
0.5189208984375,
0.29285889863967896,
0.1436435729265213,
-0.009875488467514515,
-0.13592834770679474,
-0.06425552070140839,
-0.08461932837963104,
0.255859375,
0.2810302674770355,
0.4351440370082855,
-0.305999755859375,
-0.027663420885801315,
0.38756102323532104,
-0.013729858212172985,
-0.21633949875831604,
0.10675325244665146,
-0.04962463304400444,
-0.4979003965854645,
-0.09613342583179474,
0.18243408203125,
0.5035644769668579,
0.08270873874425888,
0.3876586854457855,
0.14149780571460724,
0.11759033054113388,
0.08984985202550888,
0.051727294921875,
0.10675983130931854,
-0.1742095947265625,
-0.2904296815395355,
-0.18535766005516052,
-0.12897491455078125,
0.4017578065395355,
0.14135894179344177,
-0.14609375596046448,
0.27676695585250854,
0.44489747285842896,
0.46455079317092896,
-0.16420897841453552,
0.06385231018066406,
-0.16513672471046448,
-0.34178465604782104,
0.38445281982421875,
0.08144836127758026,
0.15130920708179474,
0.04090728610754013,
-0.02784423902630806,
0.07177887111902237,
0.19408568739891052,
-0.07346276938915253,
0.4681152403354645,
0.10976867377758026,
-0.19740600883960724,
0.3040405213832855,
-0.24588623642921448,
0.4502197206020355,
0.09433229267597198,
-0.0423431396484375,
-0.07463836669921875,
0.06192321702837944,
0.3902831971645355,
-0.1084136962890625,
-4.025000095367432,
-0.18031005561351776,
-0.3044189512729645,
-0.18259887397289276,
0.05928497388958931,
0.10409317165613174,
0.3556884825229645,
0.8041015863418579,
-0.21669921278953552,
0.01774292066693306,
-0.06317901611328125,
0.16633300483226776,
-0.2525390684604645,
0.637255847454071,
0.29749757051467896,
-0.12396240234375,
0.2059280425310135,
-0.18575438857078552,
0.28599244356155396,
0.08381958305835724,
-0.15448608994483948,
0.22440186142921448,
0.18284301459789276,
-0.546215832233429,
-0.08226623386144638,
-0.065216064453125,
0.30765992403030396,
-0.43879395723342896,
0.2313232421875,
0.09771118313074112,
0.07960204780101776,
-0.01031494140625,
0.49152833223342896,
-0.22528076171875,
0.24269409477710724,
0.03262786939740181,
0.3875366151332855,
-0.16125336289405823,
0.4393310546875,
0.1534549742937088,
-0.057309724390506744,
-0.030649399384856224,
0.09975127875804901,
0.059334564954042435,
0.13831786811351776,
0.10370788723230362,
-0.4566406309604645,
0.09400258213281631,
0.06496505439281464,
0.034815408289432526,
0.1666412353515625,
0.17045898735523224,
-0.0166168212890625,
0.23766478896141052,
0.647705078125,
0.17613525688648224,
0.08481597900390625,
0.20038452744483948,
0.23422852158546448,
0.14167556166648865,
-0.01066808681935072,
-0.3998657166957855,
0.10558319091796875,
0.29279786348342896,
0.30339735746383667,
0.0044189454056322575,
0.22148379683494568,
-0.04388732835650444,
0.24985961616039276,
-0.5175231695175171,
0.36182326078414917,
0.23796387016773224,
0.06949920952320099,
-0.013842773623764515,
0.2510131895542145,
0.3515869081020355,
-0.00675888080149889,
-0.4132324159145355,
0.7520996332168579,
0.3594116270542145,
-0.15744933485984802,
0.46409910917282104,
-0.3225341737270355,
0.4093017578125,
2.2147459983825684,
0.01642608642578125,
2.1060547828674316,
0.2702270448207855,
-0.14119262993335724,
0.09113311767578125,
-0.20085754990577698,
0.15528373420238495,
0.16093750298023224,
0.23014526069164276,
-0.31812745332717896,
-0.0024631500709801912,
0.07967223972082138,
0.32501220703125,
-0.23496094346046448,
0.14606323838233948,
0.3392333984375,
-1.148779273033142,
0.355224609375,
0.2277481108903885,
0.30333250761032104,
-0.03611297532916069,
0.17114868760108948,
0.27467042207717896,
0.544726550579071,
0.10819091647863388,
-0.030522918328642845,
-0.14188233017921448,
0.2038421630859375,
-0.09186401218175888,
0.20644530653953552,
0.18652954697608948,
0.2676147520542145,
0.2877197265625,
0.4693847596645355,
-0.0071350098587572575,
0.09832916408777237,
4.825781345367432,
0.4621826112270355,
-0.33732908964157104,
0.13754883408546448,
0.23238524794578552,
0.31276243925094604,
0.5289062261581421,
-0.19788818061351776,
0.13233260810375214,
0.479248046875,
0.3030761778354645,
0.13334044814109802,
-0.07084274291992188,
-0.278176873922348,
0.10661578178405762,
0.2547058165073395,
-0.1770172119140625,
0.549487292766571,
0.543042004108429,
0.14846324920654297,
0.539233386516571,
0.49675291776657104,
0.1064152717590332,
-0.18721619248390198,
0.15141868591308594,
0.23545531928539276,
0.06198425218462944,
-0.2899841368198395,
0.01726226881146431,
-0.06621551513671875,
0.2664169371128082,
5.462109565734863,
0.3653015196323395,
-0.3144775331020355,
-0.26983642578125,
0.07887344062328339,
0.174407958984375,
0.1732177734375,
0.2660583555698395,
0.024842357262969017,
-0.002727508544921875,
0.1848548948764801,
-0.12770596146583557,
0.3458251953125,
0.4046874940395355,
-0.10385894775390625,
0.032292939722537994,
-0.11874999850988388,
-0.10617981106042862,
0.2854675352573395,
-0.12089385837316513,
0.52178955078125,
-0.12832851707935333,
0.3144592344760895,
-0.48333740234375,
-0.308197021484375,
-0.1470470428466797,
-0.186126708984375,
0.053430937230587006,
0.029372787103056908,
-0.07010193169116974,
0.4988037049770355,
0.4669189453125,
-0.18744201958179474,
0.2903198301792145,
-0.5892578363418579,
0.46904295682907104,
0.28759765625,
0.4070068299770355,
0.3992675840854645,
0.04135436937212944,
0.07931747287511826,
0.45317381620407104,
-0.24888916313648224,
-0.1458619087934494,
-0.31438905000686646,
-0.11467738449573517,
-0.18145751953125,
-0.2827552855014801,
-0.04515685886144638,
-0.08910541236400604,
-0.12400779873132706,
0.08527068793773651,
0.837231457233429,
0.16517944633960724,
0.14124298095703125,
-0.29176026582717896,
0.1282196044921875,
0.4057250916957855,
-0.3640991151332855,
-0.29597169160842896,
0.5274902582168579,
0.1476593017578125,
-0.07204589992761612,
0.16473694145679474,
0.12175293266773224,
0.23887786269187927,
-0.2901367247104645,
-0.03294677659869194,
0.610522449016571,
0.055218327790498734,
0.0496128611266613,
0.2861480712890625,
0.15850219130516052,
0.21995849907398224,
0.17918701469898224,
0.06216735765337944,
0.09930801391601562,
-0.20882567763328552,
-0.0047088623978197575,
0.2905319333076477,
-0.053132057189941406,
-0.03181945160031319,
-0.46623533964157104,
-0.02733459509909153,
0.0025203705299645662,
-0.15916748344898224,
-0.5643066167831421,
-0.10137800872325897,
0.696362316608429,
-0.09789733588695526,
0.31257325410842896,
0.15289001166820526,
-0.15952149033546448,
0.2573303282260895,
-0.204193115234375,
0.008124589920043945,
-0.05754394456744194,
0.12673035264015198,
0.2731262147426605,
0.08120574802160263,
-0.13853760063648224,
0.14798584580421448,
-0.0072463988326489925,
-0.07440491020679474,
0.19378051161766052,
-0.24163666367530823,
0.05606536939740181,
0.07528819888830185,
0.19929198920726776,
0.05198211595416069,
0.5370117425918579,
0.44752198457717896,
0.045043181627988815,
-0.06519870460033417,
0.263427734375
] |
13 | When were bluebonnets named the state flower of Texas? | [
{
"docid": "30876840#0",
"text": "Bluebonnet is a name given to any number of blue-flowered species of the genus \"Lupinus\" predominantly found in southwestern United States and is collectively the state flower of Texas. The shape of the petals on the flower resembles the bonnet worn by pioneer women to shield them from the sun.\nSpecies often called bluebonnets include:On March 7, 1901, \"Lupinus subcarnosus\" became the only species of bluebonnet recognized as the state flower of Texas; however, \"Lupinus texensis\" emerged as the favorite of most Texans. So, in 1971, the Texas Legislature made any similar species of \"Lupinus\" that could be found in Texas the state flower.",
"title": "Bluebonnet (plant)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "57924291#3",
"text": "The plant was operated by the National Gypsum Company but overseen by the military and was one of the four Ordnance plants in the United States during World War II. The army engineers were in charge of all plant construction while the Gypsum personnel and others worked out other strategies. Bluebonnet Ordnance Plant got its name from Major Paul Van Tuyl, who named the plant after the state flower of Texas (Bluebonnet).",
"title": "Bluebonnet Ordnance Plant"
},
{
"docid": "135840#26",
"text": "The second major festival hosted in Ennis is the Bluebonnet Trails Festival, celebrating the state flower of Texas and the vibrant bloom of wildflowers in the surrounding countryside. The event attracts tens of thousands of tourists each year to events including sightseeing excursions and a festival in downtown. The festival is held on the third weekend of April, and the Bluebonnet Trails are hosted for the entire month. First hosted along the Kachina Prairie Park's historic mile-long trail system in 1938, the Bluebonnet Trails have since expanded into a route map of several dozen miles along rural farm roads throughout the surrounding countryside east and northeast of the city. The routes for these sightseeing excursions have been officially hosted and mapped out by the Ennis Garden Club since 1951. To commemorate the popularity of the Bluebonnet Trails Festival and the efforts made to celebrate and preserve the state flower of Texas, Ennis was designated by the 1997 Texas State Legislature as the \"Official Bluebonnet City of Texas\" and home to the \"Official Bluebonnet Trail of Texas.\"",
"title": "Ennis, Texas"
},
{
"docid": "5063597#0",
"text": "Lupinus texensis, the Texas bluebonnet or Texas lupine is a species of lupine endemic to Texas. With other related species of lupines also called bluebonnets, it is the state flower of Texas.",
"title": "Lupinus texensis"
},
{
"docid": "1241023#2",
"text": "The bluebonnet is the state flower of Texas.",
"title": "Bluebonnet Bowl"
},
{
"docid": "31778927#3",
"text": "Miller served as campaign manager for U.S. Senator Charles A. Culberson, and was elected to the Texas Senate in 1898 to support Culberson's candidacy. As a State Senator in 1901, Miller authored and sponsored Senate Concurrent Resolution 10, which made the bluebonnet the Texas State flower. He did so as a gesture of respect to the wife of longtime Texas lawyer, Sawnie Robertson, in whose firm Miller read law when he first came to Texas. Mrs. Robertson had always remarked that the bluebonnet was her favorite flower. In 1911, he was appointed a Judge of the Criminal District Court in Dallas County and Miller was reelected in 1915. In 1916, Miller was elected to a vacant State Representative seat in Dallas as a Democrat. Miller was a vocal opponent of the Ku Klux Klan. He was also an early opponent of women's suffrage in Texas, one of the most vocal at the time. However, he changed his mind when the Dallas Equal Suffrage Association (DESA) provided over 10,000 signatures from Dallas women supporting suffrage. He even became the chair of the woman suffrage caucus.",
"title": "Barry Miller (politician)"
},
{
"docid": "305715#25",
"text": "Bluebonnets, including the Texas bluebonnet (\"L. texensis\"), are the state flowers of Texas, USA.",
"title": "Lupinus"
},
{
"docid": "29671288#3",
"text": "Salinas began painting professionally in 1930, when he was twenty years old. His early work was influenced by his mentor Robert Wood's paintings. He painted many scenes of Texas bluebonnets, the state flower, which were sold to tourists by the artists and galleries in San Antonio, Texas. In 1939 he began working with the art dealer Dewey Bradford (1896–1985), who sold paintings, frames and art supplies in the state capital of Austin.",
"title": "Porfirio Salinas"
},
{
"docid": "45303352#1",
"text": "Maroon and white bluebonnets were developed as part of an effort to compose a Texas flag with red, white, and blue bluebonnets to celebrate Texas' sesquicentennial in 1986. Pink bluebonnets were found in San Antonio, and reddish examples were selectively bred by Dr. Jerry Parsons of the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service to eventually give maroon bluebonnets in 2000. The color of these bluebonnets was fitting, as the color maroon is strongly associated with Texas A&M University.",
"title": "Alamo Fire"
},
{
"docid": "56065588#6",
"text": "In 1926, Mary Daggett Lake wrote \"The\" \"Legend of the Bluebonnet\", a short book on the folklore of the state flower of Texas. She also wrote \"Have You Ever Been to Texas in the Spring\"?, the official song of the Texas Federation of Garden Clubs, and \"Pioneer Mother\", the official song of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas.",
"title": "Mary Daggett Lake"
}
] | [
0.4168788492679596,
0.6271623969078064,
0.13485145568847656,
-0.22123172879219055,
0.0303976871073246,
-0.16864585876464844,
0.4944719672203064,
-0.257110595703125,
0.313873291015625,
0.1483938992023468,
-0.2897597849369049,
-0.19730377197265625,
-0.3706839382648468,
0.3982892632484436,
-0.3624180257320404,
-0.2008470743894577,
0.6200125813484192,
-0.47113037109375,
-0.13536617159843445,
0.13783971965312958,
0.3017752468585968,
0.3315255343914032,
0.23431941866874695,
0.12489427626132965,
0.013126373291015625,
0.08539145439863205,
-0.24713134765625,
-0.20344898104667664,
-0.016622815281152725,
0.4633440375328064,
0.2718069851398468,
-0.3072597086429596,
0.12289755791425705,
0.19229452311992645,
-0.20525796711444855,
0.4474399983882904,
-0.3056771457195282,
0.17536817491054535,
-0.1322588175535202,
0.5035749077796936,
-0.2734222412109375,
-0.08235426992177963,
0.3524605929851532,
0.21538107097148895,
0.2044917494058609,
-0.3741411566734314,
0.2035108357667923,
-0.08998652547597885,
-0.3916108310222626,
-0.11028725653886795,
-0.2636587917804718,
0.2365613728761673,
0.2871355414390564,
0.0878034308552742,
-0.5185198187828064,
0.2377188503742218,
-0.5306221842765808,
0.3619820773601532,
0.4426792562007904,
-0.13146482408046722,
0.2591334879398346,
0.26695823669433594,
-0.05181421712040901,
0.0900551900267601,
0.9099818468093872,
0.361328125,
0.1431645005941391,
0.1707763671875,
0.6099678874015808,
0.2234409898519516,
0.0506984181702137,
0.4252384603023529,
0.2791486382484436,
-0.1369759738445282,
-0.08254922926425934,
-0.5008196234703064,
0.1462772935628891,
0.06337915360927582,
0.3020978569984436,
-0.6005336046218872,
0.3351593017578125,
-0.2019435316324234,
-0.022161755710840225,
0.12414006143808365,
0.0540684275329113,
0.4512590765953064,
0.0877859964966774,
0.17325128614902496,
-0.017051151022315025,
0.711181640625,
-0.5887625813484192,
0.27728271484375,
0.31756591796875,
0.357757568359375,
0.15976060926914215,
0.2058388888835907,
0.07064546644687653,
-0.4782862067222595,
0.2775966227054596,
-0.3096575140953064,
0.00907026045024395,
-0.13977119326591492,
-0.06518227607011795,
0.45192989706993103,
0.157440185546875,
-0.5931396484375,
-0.20545877516269684,
0.22563280165195465,
-0.2619454562664032,
0.2731497585773468,
-0.20504869520664215,
0.07038034498691559,
0.3004586398601532,
0.09903866797685623,
0.3585641086101532,
0.1869463175535202,
0.4337114691734314,
-0.1786237508058548,
-0.1835392564535141,
-0.6358413696289062,
0.5241350531578064,
0.4345528781414032,
-0.2890886664390564,
-0.04156637191772461,
0.019959334284067154,
-0.3499341607093811,
0.5142124891281128,
-0.2860238254070282,
0.5121721625328064,
0.7159249186515808,
0.4437778890132904,
-0.19083622097969055,
0.2343183308839798,
0.7883649468421936,
0.1691720187664032,
0.2449144572019577,
0.3523385226726532,
-0.09653200209140778,
-0.25116947293281555,
0.009221008978784084,
-0.3117544949054718,
-0.23517635464668274,
0.2941240668296814,
0.7729753851890564,
-0.08578382432460785,
0.17133338749408722,
0.1845528781414032,
0.4154227077960968,
0.12840434908866882,
-0.014651162549853325,
0.4527675211429596,
0.3351789116859436,
0.2469373494386673,
0.4467599093914032,
0.2104579359292984,
-0.007444245275110006,
0.3417489230632782,
0.05040822550654411,
-0.1207079216837883,
0.3180367648601532,
0.6378522515296936,
0.1816428005695343,
-0.1793866902589798,
-0.5682373046875,
0.3078961968421936,
0.09685679525136948,
-0.2928597629070282,
0.2320643812417984,
0.6455775499343872,
0.01903860829770565,
-0.4828752875328064,
0.017505645751953125,
-0.09392465651035309,
-0.2913818359375,
0.0436161570250988,
0.2063685804605484,
-0.23150674998760223,
0.4859270453453064,
0.3140585720539093,
-0.3682207465171814,
0.2342311292886734,
0.3584769070148468,
0.015431268140673637,
-0.18287985026836395,
0.336273193359375,
0.09027834981679916,
0.15537044405937195,
0.43572998046875,
0.00420379638671875,
0.15068189799785614,
-0.05047375708818436,
-0.09847899526357651,
0.9024309515953064,
-0.5335170030593872,
-0.20102691650390625,
-0.0223050806671381,
-0.3623264729976654,
0.4384939968585968,
-0.0964617058634758,
0.1194349005818367,
-0.07057489454746246,
-0.11925327777862549,
-0.5689697265625,
0.2829851508140564,
0.2348414808511734,
-0.5489872694015503,
-0.13145992159843445,
-0.005350317340344191,
-0.1640385240316391,
-0.4097551703453064,
-0.1679731160402298,
0.2623814046382904,
0.09788404405117035,
0.1310075968503952,
0.0785914808511734,
0.11190087348222733,
0.052962712943553925,
-0.0854405015707016,
0.4299708902835846,
0.3754534125328064,
-0.1377171128988266,
0.494384765625,
-0.17567062377929688,
0.1107993796467781,
0.15728868544101715,
-0.2051130086183548,
0.037677764892578125,
-0.3802272379398346,
0.0505741648375988,
0.177398681640625,
0.6133684515953064,
-0.2968662679195404,
0.030795369297266006,
0.00813347939401865,
0.3053697943687439,
0.1534598171710968,
-0.18107067048549652,
-0.006878443993628025,
0.2927289605140686,
0.0432652048766613,
0.4397321343421936,
0.004162924829870462,
-0.29306358098983765,
-0.14764049649238586,
0.23333740234375,
-0.06369563192129135,
0.15581893920898438,
0.3453543484210968,
-0.3089861273765564,
-0.2074148952960968,
-0.1108354851603508,
-0.8308454155921936,
0.009897640906274319,
0.5058245062828064,
0.1050633043050766,
0.1888078898191452,
0.4360002875328064,
-0.2670505940914154,
0.060892920941114426,
0.05317388102412224,
0.6806640625,
0.0003878729767166078,
0.6371721625328064,
0.3084280788898468,
-0.22378601133823395,
-0.029810087755322456,
0.2671051025390625,
0.4299142062664032,
0.4682704508304596,
0.3670828640460968,
0.6263689398765564,
-0.043088775128126144,
-0.08849688619375229,
0.07311467081308365,
-0.2799944281578064,
-0.1807229220867157,
0.1412680447101593,
-0.3896680474281311,
-0.5137939453125,
0.2085963636636734,
0.2653285562992096,
-0.3185512125492096,
-0.256103515625,
-0.19915826618671417,
0.4498116672039032,
0.19918277859687805,
0.05227574333548546,
0.19698402285575867,
0.20951516926288605,
-0.1673583984375,
-0.0033939906861633062,
0.4513985812664032,
0.176498681306839,
-0.27000972628593445,
-0.10447529703378677,
-0.02203914150595665,
0.3805978000164032,
0.18560491502285004,
0.4855782687664032,
-0.1210850328207016,
0.56201171875,
-0.6811174750328064,
0.016217367723584175,
-0.1233237162232399,
0.1966639906167984,
-0.4132864773273468,
-0.5368260145187378,
-0.07164328545331955,
-0.10109547525644302,
0.2912118136882782,
0.015272821299731731,
-0.2945687472820282,
-0.10253579169511795,
0.4561200737953186,
0.6903250813484192,
0.7525111436843872,
0.03777749091386795,
0.2459629625082016,
0.5287213921546936,
0.1647011935710907,
0.4735979437828064,
0.0647822767496109,
-0.4065464437007904,
-0.2069113552570343,
0.3611973226070404,
-0.1955980509519577,
-0.04965253546833992,
-0.03949764743447304,
0.4630998969078064,
0.3410906195640564,
0.5112391710281372,
-0.2422921359539032,
-0.1915283203125,
0.009119306690990925,
-0.1277552992105484,
0.3388410210609436,
0.3919590413570404,
0.1599317342042923,
0.279205322265625,
0.2925022542476654,
-0.08918599039316177,
-0.04715973883867264,
0.2453438937664032,
0.3235822319984436,
-0.026072876527905464,
0.135498046875,
0.1841997355222702,
0.285888671875,
0.1748526394367218,
0.09947613626718521,
0.12367357313632965,
0.5287911295890808,
-0.3414088785648346,
0.08364950120449066,
0.2851974070072174,
0.15428924560546875,
0.076629638671875,
-0.1790400892496109,
0.7061244249343872,
-0.12478991597890854,
0.1876307874917984,
0.5859549641609192,
0.09054211527109146,
0.0107045853510499,
0.1754499226808548,
0.17254312336444855,
-0.021796634420752525,
-0.004111426416784525,
-0.4584524929523468,
0.08895819634199142,
0.21239688992500305,
-0.14983627200126648,
0.2083979994058609,
0.1842585951089859,
-0.3976876437664032,
-0.3532191812992096,
-0.23150308430194855,
0.3682163655757904,
0.3392682671546936,
0.1936907023191452,
-0.1098523810505867,
0.4941929280757904,
0.1185259148478508,
-0.11719077080488205,
-0.2298652082681656,
-0.3816964328289032,
0.2516871988773346,
0.15302930772304535,
0.12430395185947418,
-0.291473388671875,
0.3832223117351532,
0.0211159847676754,
-0.10742133110761642,
0.4024135172367096,
-0.5306047797203064,
0.2305385023355484,
0.4454258382320404,
0.5794329047203064,
0.2280709445476532,
-0.0936017706990242,
0.1091090589761734,
0.3217991292476654,
0.5167585015296936,
0.5345284342765808,
4.130580425262451,
0.1169172003865242,
0.289581298828125,
0.04929978400468826,
0.060414452105760574,
0.6019810438156128,
0.26591819524765015,
-0.19331686198711395,
0.3612060546875,
-0.10020609945058823,
-0.1750706285238266,
0.3321271538734436,
-0.14447347819805145,
0.0169852115213871,
0.07390757650136948,
0.0844377800822258,
0.3820888102054596,
0.5630928874015808,
-0.1141379252076149,
0.5409458875656128,
-0.04770197346806526,
0.00888824462890625,
0.2193232923746109,
-0.0642286017537117,
0.3489292562007904,
-0.2923758327960968,
0.14073289930820465,
0.0561087466776371,
0.7148786187171936,
0.2202322781085968,
0.1262643039226532,
-0.3563574254512787,
-0.0031258719973266125,
-0.13288988173007965,
-0.9427141547203064,
0.5893118977546692,
0.09188079833984375,
0.5531267523765564,
0.13209043443202972,
0.14819009602069855,
-0.0171061921864748,
-0.21689605712890625,
0.067657470703125,
0.7264927625656128,
-0.17084558308124542,
0.0098419189453125,
-0.0901140496134758,
0.5903668999671936,
-0.10483278334140778,
0.7524762749671936,
0.4361920952796936,
0.3208250403404236,
-0.05061163380742073,
-0.2946603000164032,
-0.04801103100180626,
0.35888671875,
-0.10399876534938812,
0.2671944797039032,
-0.2029026597738266,
0.1484593003988266,
0.5440150499343872,
0.04729754477739334,
0.1704624742269516,
0.0118549894541502,
-0.5064610242843628,
0.007485526148229837,
0.04185594990849495,
0.5545305609703064,
-0.0045304978266358376,
-0.2983245849609375,
0.2129080593585968,
0.2288862019777298,
0.0969805046916008,
-0.3518720269203186,
0.06970160454511642,
0.030905315652489662,
-0.3738839328289032,
-0.2669329047203064,
-0.1867436021566391,
0.2190813273191452,
0.2916303277015686,
-0.14880426228046417,
-0.048445701599121094,
0.34039306640625,
-0.1949332058429718,
0.4271240234375,
0.05877576395869255,
-0.4819510281085968,
0.4670061469078064,
0.09336961805820465,
0.2524283230304718,
-0.3030967712402344,
0.08475657552480698,
0.7451171875,
0.15950992703437805,
0.12745285034179688,
0.02321733720600605,
-3.9188058376312256,
0.1895621120929718,
-0.037370409816503525,
-0.06870480626821518,
0.2014596164226532,
0.05316134914755821,
0.509033203125,
0.12741197645664215,
-0.7075892686843872,
0.2650735080242157,
0.1638077348470688,
0.1869986355304718,
-0.2449994832277298,
0.3781040608882904,
0.1214250847697258,
0.1182338148355484,
0.01756831631064415,
0.192291259765625,
0.07565580308437347,
-0.2117156982421875,
0.2800772488117218,
0.06486374884843826,
0.3145228922367096,
-0.10473741590976715,
-0.2878630459308624,
0.16444288194179535,
0.4116646945476532,
-0.2509067952632904,
0.625244140625,
-0.2973458468914032,
0.3249860405921936,
0.15044818818569183,
0.08105631917715073,
-0.4895193874835968,
0.10877609252929688,
0.20361328125,
0.5468009114265442,
-0.09078938513994217,
0.4110456109046936,
0.28122711181640625,
-0.08552169799804688,
0.2529994547367096,
0.04820987209677696,
0.3066318929195404,
0.25995853543281555,
0.0495823435485363,
-0.1693093478679657,
0.19180843234062195,
-0.034027099609375,
0.50640869140625,
-0.1083788201212883,
0.42877197265625,
-0.3597237765789032,
-0.2595432698726654,
0.6075962781906128,
-0.2185538113117218,
-0.7003173828125,
0.15996932983398438,
0.1731850802898407,
0.4411446750164032,
0.07457951456308365,
-0.4870954155921936,
0.14953939616680145,
0.16591426730155945,
0.5769129991531372,
-0.56427001953125,
-0.23089109361171722,
0.2185189425945282,
0.2570343017578125,
-0.0870601087808609,
0.4863019585609436,
0.023557016626000404,
-0.1699327677488327,
0.0254658292979002,
0.12306758016347885,
0.1832362562417984,
0.06507546454668045,
-0.2419520765542984,
0.5319300889968872,
-0.06505612283945084,
-0.1703033447265625,
0.1135733500123024,
-0.2574550211429596,
0.17813928425312042,
2.114536762237549,
0.4130161702632904,
2.1181640625,
0.2437264621257782,
0.3230459988117218,
-0.1227896586060524,
0.188018798828125,
0.09020437300205231,
0.0654449462890625,
-0.0996006578207016,
0.2334747314453125,
0.0608673095703125,
-0.2601187527179718,
-0.2243172824382782,
-0.4180908203125,
-0.3370099663734436,
0.283355712890625,
-1.0060861110687256,
-0.02814592607319355,
-0.2518642842769623,
0.1938694566488266,
0.13565972447395325,
0.007550614420324564,
0.6970912218093872,
0.38140869140625,
-0.02813497558236122,
-0.32268959283828735,
0.17505863308906555,
-0.14303043484687805,
-0.3436191976070404,
-0.04555293545126915,
-0.2342398464679718,
-0.2178148478269577,
-0.0468466617166996,
-0.2601580023765564,
0.1678684800863266,
0.07869883626699448,
4.674107074737549,
0.2707127034664154,
-0.2350376695394516,
-0.07435055822134018,
0.2756870687007904,
0.1993364542722702,
0.1341487318277359,
-0.060655321925878525,
0.036003656685352325,
0.8785575032234192,
0.7648228406906128,
0.3206089437007904,
-0.0965379998087883,
-0.4865286648273468,
0.6605224609375,
0.0187824796885252,
0.007204873021692038,
0.1899305135011673,
0.3258315622806549,
0.23608125746250153,
0.011190141551196575,
0.2648533284664154,
0.5056849718093872,
-0.0211759302765131,
0.05361611396074295,
0.2526419460773468,
0.4221540093421936,
-0.3226492702960968,
-0.08000128716230392,
-0.3166416585445404,
0.5507550835609436,
5.415736675262451,
-0.0816170796751976,
-0.2584054172039032,
-0.20759037137031555,
0.2731671929359436,
0.17415182292461395,
-0.0675092414021492,
-0.006931986194103956,
0.030260086059570312,
0.08021245896816254,
-0.18556268513202667,
0.3539842963218689,
-0.1564113050699234,
0.5966622233390808,
0.4516775906085968,
-0.0385153628885746,
-0.2251630574464798,
0.2239249050617218,
0.008801238611340523,
-0.2617274820804596,
0.7465645670890808,
0.28007179498672485,
-0.1978391855955124,
-0.2660740315914154,
-0.31786292791366577,
0.07247434556484222,
0.015624727122485638,
-0.10236930847167969,
0.05153955891728401,
-0.08723122626543045,
0.2998090386390686,
0.2596326470375061,
-0.19775390625,
0.1670270711183548,
-0.523895263671875,
-0.12224578857421875,
0.2890494167804718,
-0.2144709974527359,
-0.2891344428062439,
-0.1672690212726593,
0.07604926079511642,
0.4433855414390564,
-0.0149220060557127,
-0.0964072123169899,
0.01697540283203125,
0.2988019585609436,
-0.020372390747070312,
-0.048395972698926926,
-0.1289236843585968,
0.1263907253742218,
0.6191057562828064,
-0.5062953233718872,
1.0011857748031616,
0.2470877468585968,
0.2878679633140564,
0.1912645548582077,
-0.17051206529140472,
-0.13532474637031555,
0.07880837470293045,
-0.15682928264141083,
0.603912353515625,
0.036919184029102325,
-0.062419891357421875,
0.4861711859703064,
0.1510794460773468,
0.4725167453289032,
0.2577579915523529,
-0.04360008239746094,
0.5923723578453064,
-0.19010652601718903,
0.14318153262138367,
0.33317676186561584,
0.0498264841735363,
0.4568568766117096,
-0.2253941148519516,
0.19783926010131836,
0.2194998562335968,
0.08054982125759125,
-0.07284927368164062,
-0.023757388815283775,
0.2931039035320282,
-0.2628261148929596,
-0.317108154296875,
0.5605294108390808,
0.08834348618984222,
-0.14922115206718445,
0.1702902615070343,
0.1493203341960907,
0.4843226969242096,
0.0578678660094738,
0.3562970757484436,
0.0484183169901371,
-0.3097185492515564,
0.3180024325847626,
-0.18871580064296722,
0.021493639796972275,
0.2385602742433548,
0.34699901938438416,
0.0248129703104496,
0.10934795439243317,
0.01718684658408165,
0.04218482971191406,
0.3803013265132904,
-0.3188738226890564,
0.2031598836183548,
-0.3966587483882904,
-0.3405892550945282,
-0.2551007866859436,
0.06752150505781174,
0.052821021527051926,
0.2742571234703064,
0.0310232974588871,
-0.4763706624507904,
0.046523503959178925,
0.14982856810092926
] |
14 | Who created the series Clannad? | [
{
"docid": "12962104#0",
"text": "The \"Clannad\" animated television series is based on the visual novel \"Clannad\" by the Japanese visual novel brand Key. The episodes, produced by the animation studio Kyoto Animation, are directed by Tatsuya Ishihara, written by Fumihiko Shimo, and features character design by Kazumi Ikeda who based the designs on Itaru Hinoue's original concept. The story follows the main character Tomoya Okazaki, a discontent high school student whose life changes when he meets a girl one year older than he is, named Nagisa Furukawa.",
"title": "List of Clannad episodes"
},
{
"docid": "983972#20",
"text": "The first consumer console port of the game was released for the PlayStation 2 (PS2) on February 23, 2006 by Interchannel. The PS2 version was re-released as a \"Best\" version on July 30, 2009. The PS2 version was bundled in a \"Key 3-Part Work Premium Box\" package together with the PS2 versions of \"Kanon\" and \"Air\" released on July 30, 2009. An Xbox 360 version was released on August 28, 2008 also by Prototype. A PlayStation 3 (PS3) version was released by Prototype on April 21, 2011. A downloadable version of the PS3 release via the PlayStation Store was released by Prototype on February 14, 2013.",
"title": "Clannad (visual novel)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "202547#11",
"text": "After \"Magical Ring\", Clannad were commissioned to score the 26-episode drama series \"Robin of Sherwood\", aired from 1984 to 1986. They once again began to stretch themselves, creating music for a range of characters and events. For the first time in the career, the album was recorded in its entirety in English. The soundtrack was released in 1984 as \"Legend\" and won the band a BAFTA award for Best Original Television Music, the first Irish band to win it. In 2003, Clannad revealed that there were other pieces recorded for the third series of \"Robin of Sherwood\" that were not included on \"Legend\", yet the master recordings have yet to be found.\nIn 1985, Clannad released \"Macalla\" (Irish for \"Echo\") which was recorded in Switzerland, England, and Ireland. It contained all original material except one traditional song and yielded the group a hit single \"In a Lifetime\", a duet with U2 singer Bono which begins with Máire being heard teaching Gaelic to Bono during the introduction. The album features numerous backing musicians who have continued to tour with them, including ex-King Crimson saxophonist Mel Collins, Moving Hearts' guitarist Anthony Drennan, and drummer Paul Moran. Also on board was producer Steve Nye, who oversaw the pop-flavoured \"Closer to Your Heart\" and the ballad \"Almost Seems (Too Late to Turn)\" and became hit singles, the latter serving as the Children in Need charity single in 1985.",
"title": "Clannad"
},
{
"docid": "202547#28",
"text": "Even though the rock-infused \"Sirius\" and the pop-inclined \"Macalla\" were successful for Clannad, it was their breakthrough style that they created themselves that has left the greatest legacy. Clannad's influence can be found in the film \"Titanic\", where James Horner admitted to basing the soundtrack on Clannad's style. The soundtrack was so like Clannad's work that it has been incorrectly credited to them for many years. Clannad's 'Celtic mysticism' is a recurring theme in the film \"Intermission\". The \"otherworldly\" and \"ethereal\" Clannad sound comes from the ancient hills and glens that surround Gweedore, according to lead singer Moya Brennan. Traces of Clannad's legacy can be heard in the music of many artists, including Enya, Altan, Capercaillie, The Corrs, Loreena McKennitt, Anúna, Riverdance, Órla Fallon and even U2. Bono stated that Moya has \"one of the greatest voices the human ear has ever experienced\".",
"title": "Clannad"
},
{
"docid": "983972#31",
"text": "On March 15, 2007, the Japanese television station BS-i announced a \"Clannad\" anime series via a short 30-second teaser trailer that was featured at the end of the final episode of the second \"Kanon\" anime series. \"Clannad\" is produced by Kyoto Animation, directed by Tatsuya Ishihara, and written by Fumihiko Shimo, who also worked on other adaptations of Key's visual novels \"Air\" and \"Kanon\". The anime aired between October 4, 2007 and March 27, 2008, containing 23 aired episodes out of a planned 24; the broadcast time was first announced on August 11, 2007 at the TBS festival \"Anime Festa\", which is also when the first episode was showcased. The anime series was released in a set of eight DVD compilations released between December 19, 2007 and July 16, 2008 by Pony Canyon, with each compilation containing three episodes. Of the 24 episodes, 23 were aired on television with the first 22 being regular episodes, followed by an additional extra episode. The last episode was released as an original video animation (OVA) on the eighth DVD on July 16, 2008 and is set in an alternate universe from the anime series where Tomoya and Tomoyo are dating, which is based on Tomoyo's scenario in the game. The OVA episode was previewed on May 31, 2008 for an audience of four-hundred people picked via a mail-in postcard campaign. A Blu-ray Disc (BD) box set of \"Clannad\" was released on April 30, 2010.",
"title": "Clannad (visual novel)"
},
{
"docid": "983972#33",
"text": "The license holding company Sentai Filmworks licensed the \"Clannad\" anime series, and ADV Films localized and distributed the television series and the OVA starting with the first half season box set consisting of 12 episodes with English subtitles, Japanese audio, and no English language track, which was released on March 3, 2009. The second half season box set containing the remaining episodes was released on May 5, 2009. Sentai Filmworks licensed the \"Clannad After Story\" anime series; Section23 Films localized and distributed both the television series and OVA starting with the first half season box set with English subtitles released on October 20, 2009. The second half box set was released on December 8, 2009. Sentai Filmworks re-released \"Clannad\" in a complete collection set on June 15, 2010, which featured an English dub, produced at Seraphim Digital. The English dub premiered on March 25, 2010 on the Anime Network. Sentai Filmworks re-released \"Clannad After Story\" with an English dub on April 19, 2011, and re-released \"Clannad\" on BD in November 2011.",
"title": "Clannad (visual novel)"
},
{
"docid": "983972#25",
"text": "Two \"Clannad\" anthology character novels were written by several authors and published by Jive in September and December 2004. The first volume of a short story anthology compilation series written by Hiro Akizuki and Mutsuki Misaki titled was released in November 2008 published by Harvest; the third volume was released in October 2009. Three volumes of a short story compilation series by several authors titled \"Clannad SSS\" were published by Harvest between June and August 2009. Harvest published a novel titled \"Clannad Mystery File\" in August 2010 and another novel titled \"Clannad: Magic Hour\" in December 2010.",
"title": "Clannad (visual novel)"
},
{
"docid": "983972#32",
"text": "After the ending of the 23rd episode of the first \"Clannad\" anime series, a 15-second teaser trailer aired promoting a second season titled \"Clannad After Story\". The anime is again animated by Kyoto Animation, and animates the After Story arc from the visual novel, which is a continuation of Nagisa's story, into 24 episodes. The same staff and cast from the first anime were used and the series broadcast in Japan between October 3, 2008 and March 26, 2009. Of the 24 episodes, 22 are regular episodes, the 23rd is an extra episode, and the last episode is a summary episode showcasing highlights from the series. The episodes were released on eight DVD compilation volumes between December 3, 2008 and July 1, 2009. The eighth DVD volume came with an additional OVA episode set in an alternate universe from the anime series where Tomoya and Kyou are dating. The OVA episode was previewed on May 24, 2009 to a limited number of people. A BD box set of \"Clannad After Story\" was released on April 20, 2011 in Japan with English subtitles.",
"title": "Clannad (visual novel)"
},
{
"docid": "12962104#2",
"text": "A continuation of the first anime series titled \"Clannad After Story\" produced by the same staff as with the first series, and containing the same cast of voice actors, adapts the After Story arc from the \"Clannad\" visual novel, which is a continuation of Nagisa's scenario. \"Clannad After Story\" has 25 episodes, 24 of which aired in Japan between October 2008 and March 2009. The last episode was again released as an OVA on the eighth DVD in July 2009. The episodes were released on eight DVD compilation volumes between December 2008 and July 2009. Sentai Filmworks also licensed \"Clannad After Story\" and Section23 Films localized and distributed the television series and OVA starting with the first half season box set with English subtitles released in October 2009. The second half season box set containing the remaining episodes was released in December 2009. Sentai Filmworks re-released \"Clannad After Story\" with an English dub on April 19, 2011.",
"title": "List of Clannad episodes"
},
{
"docid": "983972#47",
"text": "ASCII Media Works and Vridge produced the PlayStation 2 visual novel based on the light novel series \"Nogizaka Haruka no Himitsu\". Released in September 2008, the game features the series' characters cosplaying in various costumes either depicting characters from five popular light novel series published by ASCII Media Works, or three \"Clannad\" heroines. Haruka Nogizaka can cosplay as Kotomi Ichinose, Mika Nogizaka can cosplay as Nagisa Furukawa (albeit with long hair), and Shiina Amamiya can cosplay as Tomoyo Sakagami. The player can also view exclusive CGs in the game if one of the girls is taken out to various places while cosplaying as one of the aforementioned five light novel series characters, or as the \"Clannad\" heroines. For example, if Mika is cosplaying as Nagisa, a CG of her eating dango can become viewable. When cosplaying as one of these tie-in characters, the voice of the girl cosplaying changes to the voice actress of the character they are cosplaying; for example, if Shiina cosplays as Tomoyo, she is voiced by Tomoyo's voice actress Houko Kuwashima.",
"title": "Clannad (visual novel)"
},
{
"docid": "12962104#7",
"text": "A continuation of the first anime series titled \"Clannad After Story\" produced by the same staff as with the first series, and containing the same cast of voice actors, adapts the After Story arc from the \"Clannad\" visual novel, which is a continuation of Nagisa's scenario. The second season aired in Japan between October 3, 2008 and March 26, 2009 on TBS in 4:3 aspect ratio with 24 episodes. Of the 24 episodes, 22 are regular episodes, the 23 is an extra episode, and the last episode is a summary episode showcasing highlights from the series. \"Clannad After Story\" also aired in 16:9 aspect ratio starting on October 24, 2008. The episodes were released on eight DVD compilation volumes between December 3, 2008 and July 1, 2009. The eighth DVD volume came with an additional original video animation (OVA) episode set in an alternate universe from the anime series where Tomoya and Kyou are dating. The OVA episode was previewed on May 24, 2009 for a limited number of people.",
"title": "List of Clannad episodes"
},
{
"docid": "983972#21",
"text": "A version produced by NTT DoCoMo playable on FOMA mobile phones was released by Prototype through VisualArt's Motto in late 2007. Prototype later released a version playable on SoftBank 3G phones in January 2008. A version playable on Android devices was released on September 18, 2012. A PlayStation Portable (PSP) version of the game was released in Japan on May 29, 2008 by Prototype, which included the additions from the Windows full voice version. The limited edition release of the PSP and Xbox 360 versions came bundled with a \"digest\" edition of the drama CD series released by Prototype containing five separate stories each; the CD bundled with the PSP release is different from the CD bundled with the Xbox 360 version. Prototype also released a port of the game for the PlayStation Vita on August 14, 2014 to mark the 10-year anniversary of the game. Prototype released a PlayStation 4 port on June 14, 2018 with text support for both Japanese and English. Prototype will release a Nintendo Switch port in Q2 2019, again with text support for both Japanese and English.",
"title": "Clannad (visual novel)"
}
] | [
0.2302449494600296,
0.2264539897441864,
-0.1906670480966568,
0.2783745527267456,
0.1284654438495636,
0.2539096474647522,
0.4013943076133728,
-0.3035346269607544,
0.3621690571308136,
0.5032280683517456,
0.3502845764160156,
-0.17752330005168915,
0.06180403009057045,
0.2270088791847229,
-0.2171427458524704,
0.1836954802274704,
0.3443467915058136,
0.2201741486787796,
-0.00829230435192585,
0.0735846608877182,
0.1640082448720932,
0.5400390625,
-0.0631273090839386,
-0.09994464367628098,
-0.3100721538066864,
-0.1999036967754364,
-0.13827259838581085,
0.40283203125,
0.1480611115694046,
0.3449435830116272,
0.6725803017616272,
-0.1805555522441864,
-0.10997942090034485,
0.4830593466758728,
-0.6626518964767456,
0.3128119707107544,
-0.03865475207567215,
-0.2328220009803772,
0.1138916015625,
0.2563442587852478,
0.15875244140625,
0.4520670473575592,
0.2460801899433136,
-0.2743191123008728,
0.4000447690486908,
0.2526685893535614,
0.4026964008808136,
0.26669618487358093,
-0.06255107372999191,
0.3427734375,
-0.1476186066865921,
-0.3036295473575592,
-0.1439276784658432,
-0.1561279296875,
-0.1945258229970932,
0.2708875834941864,
-0.4503987729549408,
0.3076917827129364,
0.4104139506816864,
0.1864827424287796,
0.0094443429261446,
-0.0431654192507267,
-0.030097536742687225,
-0.0281965471804142,
-0.03944757208228111,
0.034489527344703674,
0.03271229937672615,
-0.09120260179042816,
0.3448227643966675,
0.2283664345741272,
0.0027296277694404125,
0.3252021074295044,
0.317138671875,
0.0858289897441864,
0.0431586354970932,
-0.3741183876991272,
0.0431264229118824,
0.3394504189491272,
0.11661359667778015,
-0.3127644956111908,
0.4780815839767456,
-0.2854275107383728,
-0.4509548544883728,
0.1371019184589386,
-0.2544284462928772,
0.51513671875,
-0.3363715410232544,
0.1262783408164978,
0.2830539345741272,
0.4697536826133728,
-0.2809380292892456,
0.2130805104970932,
-0.2543233335018158,
-0.2785440981388092,
0.1075710728764534,
-0.09471341967582703,
0.104248046875,
-0.3763020932674408,
-0.1138051375746727,
-0.2838270366191864,
0.2170545756816864,
-0.2341172993183136,
0.08250490576028824,
0.4181857705116272,
0.2706773579120636,
-0.3648546040058136,
-0.3530849814414978,
-0.12867386639118195,
0.5301174521446228,
0.2237684428691864,
0.2868923544883728,
-0.052655961364507675,
-0.12527042627334595,
-0.1388007253408432,
0.2207980751991272,
0.18041440844535828,
0.4738396406173706,
-0.3546278178691864,
-0.0321451835334301,
-0.9629448652267456,
0.4923774003982544,
0.6306965947151184,
-0.3024088442325592,
0.25439453125,
0.14134809374809265,
-0.3523898720741272,
0.5034450888633728,
-0.2669542133808136,
0.6306965947151184,
0.2212727814912796,
0.0125901959836483,
-0.1300218403339386,
-0.04992061108350754,
0.5238715410232544,
0.5518662929534912,
0.4106580913066864,
0.1992357075214386,
0.014201694168150425,
-0.0330912284553051,
-0.4006076455116272,
-0.5232475996017456,
-0.1039767786860466,
0.3316921591758728,
0.4258354902267456,
-0.2609049379825592,
0.3116997480392456,
0.2701958417892456,
0.3988172709941864,
0.1238301619887352,
0.4431966245174408,
0.3504503071308136,
0.1021745502948761,
-0.0692003071308136,
0.4452582597732544,
-0.2569308876991272,
0.2452799528837204,
0.4642469584941864,
0.1269446462392807,
-0.1968485563993454,
0.2013448029756546,
0.6791720986366272,
0.2612711489200592,
0.16180419921875,
0.2099744975566864,
0.042069170624017715,
0.0917222797870636,
-0.1483629047870636,
0.1616143137216568,
0.5011122226715088,
-0.1866251677274704,
-0.1157158762216568,
0.1727837473154068,
0.0909593403339386,
-0.0736033096909523,
0.09640248864889145,
0.1868625283241272,
-0.36016845703125,
0.0323977991938591,
0.3504096269607544,
0.00328106340020895,
0.0155631173402071,
0.054665036499500275,
-0.02428521029651165,
0.2781032919883728,
0.6378037929534912,
0.4252658486366272,
-0.1097005233168602,
-0.3023139238357544,
-0.1719394326210022,
0.6744791865348816,
0.2247450053691864,
-0.2060106098651886,
0.4611036479473114,
0.05640527978539467,
0.25750732421875,
-0.3089870810508728,
-0.2018025666475296,
-0.1374613493680954,
0.20849694311618805,
0.1789211630821228,
0.1264716237783432,
0.5134548544883728,
-0.4618869423866272,
0.2066243439912796,
0.4395616352558136,
-0.4446479082107544,
-0.2135586142539978,
0.01058112271130085,
-0.2295600026845932,
0.01275634765625,
0.08546014130115509,
0.2284749299287796,
-0.0475345179438591,
0.1456231027841568,
-0.02587042935192585,
0.07543691247701645,
0.0475362129509449,
0.04684257507324219,
0.4362640380859375,
0.0567220039665699,
-0.2412516325712204,
0.6976454257965088,
-0.2364434152841568,
0.013181474059820175,
0.2343004047870636,
-0.2135993093252182,
-0.2766520082950592,
-0.5202907919883728,
0.04212644323706627,
0.2812635600566864,
0.7775607705116272,
-0.0064714220352470875,
-0.0699886754155159,
-0.0956251323223114,
0.0024799769744277,
0.2619764506816864,
0.1990288645029068,
0.1091681569814682,
0.1946546733379364,
0.0265943743288517,
0.2832438051700592,
0.1693030446767807,
-0.19267569482326508,
0.3243408203125,
0.4474826455116272,
-0.5872666835784912,
0.3659752607345581,
-0.0404578298330307,
-0.4188639223575592,
-0.4334581196308136,
0.1875067800283432,
-0.3821885883808136,
0.0584581159055233,
0.1051703542470932,
-0.3033311665058136,
0.1155192032456398,
0.1981167197227478,
0.15981823205947876,
-0.0014241536846384406,
0.05429670587182045,
0.3054843544960022,
-0.1428866982460022,
0.3476969301700592,
0.4694010317325592,
-0.4687771201133728,
-0.1822238564491272,
0.0821092426776886,
0.5512966513633728,
-0.1869303435087204,
0.5814073085784912,
0.6575249433517456,
-0.2742241621017456,
0.041573841124773026,
0.3762681782245636,
-0.1779446005821228,
-0.2782999575138092,
0.2864040732383728,
-0.08140012621879578,
-0.5069715976715088,
0.00128173828125,
0.2297905832529068,
0.0432807058095932,
-0.2053087055683136,
0.059978485107421875,
0.4054633378982544,
0.4222276508808136,
0.0874955952167511,
0.04772716015577316,
-0.3031819760799408,
-0.15742619335651398,
0.1292046457529068,
0.4765625,
-0.0521308034658432,
-0.3154568076133728,
0.1239284947514534,
-0.0516289621591568,
-0.0537482351064682,
0.09687042236328125,
0.2424401193857193,
-0.07905324548482895,
0.6163194179534912,
-0.5314127802848816,
0.41259765625,
0.622314453125,
-0.0009002685546875,
-0.2581888735294342,
-0.116302490234375,
-0.20682229101657867,
0.0395846888422966,
0.2857191264629364,
0.1275668740272522,
-0.9162868857383728,
0.1593967080116272,
0.3837619423866272,
-0.0209799874573946,
0.4957207441329956,
0.5135633945465088,
-0.0380740687251091,
0.548095703125,
0.2783609926700592,
0.015140109695494175,
-0.1231859028339386,
-0.6229383945465088,
-0.182708740234375,
0.4822862446308136,
-0.471588134765625,
0.0574968121945858,
-0.3454861044883728,
0.4971517026424408,
-0.0716298446059227,
0.5206434726715088,
0.11673948168754578,
-0.0986294224858284,
0.0910983607172966,
-0.2123616486787796,
0.2542724609375,
0.4213460385799408,
0.2475518137216568,
0.1860792338848114,
-0.00533379428088665,
0.1797824501991272,
0.0334404855966568,
0.1674736887216568,
0.3798014223575592,
-0.07083235681056976,
0.14313676953315735,
0.4051920473575592,
0.024170346558094025,
0.5486382246017456,
-0.10515276342630386,
0.3715142011642456,
-0.05905013531446457,
0.3452962338924408,
-0.1753930002450943,
-0.04366641491651535,
0.03262180835008621,
0.4660915732383728,
0.047707874327898026,
0.3751085102558136,
-0.2626478374004364,
0.0590599924325943,
-0.0729166641831398,
0.0632781982421875,
0.0649125874042511,
0.4662814736366272,
0.3011745810508728,
-0.015063815750181675,
-0.07038116455078125,
-0.4562717080116272,
0.0691799595952034,
-0.0038316515274345875,
-0.09313710778951645,
-0.15037769079208374,
0.3102077841758728,
-0.2022433876991272,
-0.0075242784805595875,
0.12836626172065735,
0.2169867604970932,
0.3999837338924408,
0.3025716245174408,
0.0775790736079216,
0.4588216245174408,
0.5961100459098816,
-0.2825113832950592,
-0.3075697124004364,
-0.2653130292892456,
0.2781168520450592,
-0.11135440319776535,
0.0999026820063591,
0.4571940004825592,
0.7474772334098816,
-0.3970268964767456,
-0.07902780920267105,
-0.72412109375,
-0.0214055385440588,
0.0079201590269804,
0.2295057475566864,
0.3844943642616272,
-0.02048661932349205,
0.1438157856464386,
0.0739237442612648,
0.5158962607383728,
0.5895453691482544,
0.2509087324142456,
4.147786617279053,
0.1643337607383728,
0.2941487729549408,
-0.6621636152267456,
0.09606170654296875,
-0.18987274169921875,
0.2569771409034729,
-0.4692925214767456,
0.3078206479549408,
0.09332275390625,
0.0005620320443995297,
0.10056093335151672,
0.04815419390797615,
0.2905239462852478,
0.04655138775706291,
0.4512803852558136,
0.4736056923866272,
0.0482720285654068,
0.3628319501876831,
0.5498589277267456,
-0.3641764223575592,
0.7159287929534912,
0.26629638671875,
-0.0205518938601017,
0.1624281108379364,
0.1015218123793602,
0.044745128601789474,
0.0350138358771801,
0.2251179963350296,
0.3958333432674408,
0.0889519602060318,
-0.1236809641122818,
0.2494167685508728,
0.1026475727558136,
-0.7837998867034912,
-0.07974539697170258,
0.1910468190908432,
0.0422837994992733,
0.1901889443397522,
0.015215873718261719,
-0.2710774838924408,
-0.0396643728017807,
0.1489054411649704,
0.3469780683517456,
0.0836808979511261,
-0.21917724609375,
0.0958387553691864,
0.5669216513633728,
0.1839023232460022,
-0.0173475481569767,
-0.2567952573299408,
-0.1205647811293602,
-0.0942857563495636,
-0.2422977089881897,
0.389892578125,
0.626953125,
0.2398274689912796,
0.3209499716758728,
0.2348225861787796,
-0.3680657148361206,
0.1354997456073761,
0.008031553588807583,
0.090423583984375,
0.0498012974858284,
-0.4068467915058136,
-0.0501234270632267,
0.0634087473154068,
0.02521430142223835,
0.1606513112783432,
0.09112082421779633,
0.2973361611366272,
0.2282918244600296,
0.2795681357383728,
-0.3465982973575592,
0.1871151328086853,
0.0807105153799057,
0.02492268942296505,
0.01551140658557415,
0.2591010332107544,
-0.2712131142616272,
0.3789469301700592,
-0.3815646767616272,
0.0511203333735466,
0.0916290283203125,
-0.2750379741191864,
0.4350857138633728,
-0.0965338796377182,
-0.09232500195503235,
0.3599175214767456,
-0.020678414031863213,
0.3406304121017456,
0.1618889719247818,
0.0835181325674057,
0.3057725727558136,
0.04074351117014885,
0.0617574043571949,
-0.2914225161075592,
-4.003689289093018,
0.2626003623008728,
0.3236083984375,
0.031735844910144806,
0.2623969316482544,
0.1383938193321228,
0.3975423276424408,
0.17485196888446808,
-0.5587294101715088,
0.23449113965034485,
-0.2958441972732544,
0.1454332172870636,
-0.3110758364200592,
0.3012763261795044,
0.1262715607881546,
-0.0957658588886261,
0.0592041015625,
0.16070556640625,
0.3670247495174408,
-0.098297119140625,
0.3387315571308136,
-0.014911227859556675,
0.5445692539215088,
-0.06559160351753235,
0.5232340693473816,
-0.1737636923789978,
0.2602267861366272,
-0.0275539830327034,
-0.0120680071413517,
0.1927422434091568,
-0.4500596821308136,
0.3186170756816864,
0.8453776240348816,
-0.11125946044921875,
-0.007244957610964775,
0.4023674726486206,
0.452880859375,
0.05321672186255455,
0.3770209550857544,
0.4228108823299408,
-0.5655110478401184,
-0.10003534704446793,
0.1244710311293602,
-0.009210904128849506,
0.07086181640625,
-0.0426279716193676,
-0.5320095419883728,
0.0052057900466024876,
-0.2220526784658432,
0.1753472238779068,
0.1930304616689682,
0.5181748867034912,
-0.0333184152841568,
0.07690747827291489,
0.3269721269607544,
-0.1196475550532341,
-0.19599659740924835,
-0.0609944649040699,
0.7650824785232544,
0.0591837577521801,
0.1544698029756546,
-0.1975199431180954,
0.3194851279258728,
0.0418785959482193,
0.3760579526424408,
0.0564914271235466,
0.2636684775352478,
0.5028618574142456,
0.4199489951133728,
-0.4084065854549408,
0.1580657958984375,
0.0140541922301054,
0.0723893940448761,
-0.1494869589805603,
0.01970757357776165,
0.1943361461162567,
-0.1090121790766716,
-0.0565592460334301,
0.3741048276424408,
0.3398030698299408,
-0.2641330361366272,
-0.0811886265873909,
-0.4960123598575592,
0.4561903178691864,
2.2916667461395264,
0.2546929121017456,
2.2566189765930176,
0.5824110507965088,
0.2918226420879364,
0.3114691972732544,
-0.2740003764629364,
0.1489800363779068,
0.3590223491191864,
0.0176255963742733,
-0.1638098806142807,
0.65625,
-0.1049736887216568,
0.2012125700712204,
-0.06688478589057922,
-0.2490641325712204,
0.2839219868183136,
-1.1154242753982544,
0.3076171875,
-0.3024122416973114,
0.1309271901845932,
-0.5977919101715088,
-0.2486640065908432,
0.2679172158241272,
0.4152018129825592,
-0.2502780556678772,
-0.23417578637599945,
0.2767062783241272,
-0.09662585705518723,
0.0526275634765625,
0.1944376677274704,
0.3751085102558136,
0.2692735493183136,
0.223541259765625,
-0.1133982315659523,
0.1839124858379364,
-0.2803548276424408,
4.650607585906982,
-0.30768075585365295,
-0.0712788924574852,
-0.236328125,
-0.1780022531747818,
-0.015050251968204975,
0.2467854768037796,
-0.3918185830116272,
0.10238054394721985,
-0.1076626256108284,
0.2723117470741272,
0.9529079794883728,
0.4471706748008728,
0.0529547780752182,
0.3039686381816864,
-0.10648345947265625,
-0.027203241363167763,
0.0461764857172966,
0.1073642298579216,
0.4043511152267456,
0.2572530210018158,
-0.2447255402803421,
0.3063558042049408,
-0.1808878630399704,
-0.4524196982383728,
0.02460310235619545,
0.2867567241191864,
-0.1183369979262352,
-0.0516459159553051,
0.2090928852558136,
0.3231879472732544,
5.41493034362793,
-0.06292618811130524,
0.4068467915058136,
-0.2105170339345932,
-0.1872117817401886,
0.2340766042470932,
-0.2975667417049408,
-0.1755574494600296,
-0.2101423442363739,
-0.06211090087890625,
0.1692437082529068,
-0.2294650673866272,
-0.03472079336643219,
0.4856499433517456,
-0.2123887836933136,
0.2670220136642456,
-0.3423529863357544,
-0.0772840678691864,
0.1796400249004364,
-0.3889974057674408,
0.6386122107505798,
0.032301586121320724,
0.2809244692325592,
-0.4378187358379364,
-0.4376627504825592,
0.0856085866689682,
-0.1293741911649704,
0.1971774697303772,
-0.0057201385498046875,
0.0467478446662426,
0.1474677175283432,
0.2522379457950592,
0.2768419086933136,
0.1434190571308136,
-0.4342719316482544,
0.03540802001953125,
0.10693359375,
0.1906093955039978,
0.3687337338924408,
-0.2463107705116272,
0.4230414628982544,
0.4224039614200592,
-0.10219701379537582,
-0.0722300186753273,
-0.6585557460784912,
-0.1182420551776886,
0.032448239624500275,
-0.30029296875,
-0.1005181223154068,
0.2156507670879364,
0.04255591332912445,
-0.2433675080537796,
1.0780165195465088,
0.4322916567325592,
0.06292724609375,
0.4502495527267456,
0.0019327799091115594,
-0.01618025079369545,
-0.010418361984193325,
-0.06949213147163391,
0.8922526240348816,
0.0106489397585392,
-0.0270809605717659,
-0.011431376449763775,
0.1643168181180954,
0.0591108538210392,
0.525146484375,
-0.03643035888671875,
0.2282986044883728,
-0.1467166543006897,
0.1576063334941864,
0.2157728374004364,
-0.0191786028444767,
0.10133615881204605,
-0.1702745258808136,
0.5486924648284912,
0.4044325053691864,
-0.1478949636220932,
0.1558634489774704,
0.219146728515625,
0.1933729350566864,
-0.2863227128982544,
-0.4158257246017456,
-0.11514367163181305,
-0.014614528976380825,
-0.0478786900639534,
-0.045937344431877136,
0.3335503339767456,
0.5282660722732544,
0.2062852680683136,
0.0943433940410614,
0.1190880686044693,
-0.3439805805683136,
0.5118137001991272,
0.040924072265625,
0.01999579556286335,
0.7890082597732544,
0.6779513955116272,
0.0226304791867733,
0.3733588457107544,
-0.6462673544883728,
0.4456108808517456,
-0.4497341513633728,
0.3849012553691864,
0.3202039897441864,
0.1247016042470932,
0.3369954526424408,
-0.0659807026386261,
-0.012166340835392475,
0.5921494960784912,
0.3681640625,
0.3877359926700592,
-0.07444868981838226,
-0.3060573935508728,
-0.173004150390625
] |
22 | When was the Battle of Suoi Chau Pha fought? | [
{
"docid": "28633525#0",
"text": "The Battle of Suoi Chau Pha (6 August 1967) was fought during the Vietnam War between Australian troops and the Viet Cong. The battle took place during Operation Ballarat, an Australian search and destroy operation in the eastern Hat Dich area, north-west of Nui Dat in Phuoc Tuy province. Following a covert insertion the day before which had caught a number of Viet Cong sentries by surprise, A Company, 7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (7 RAR) had patrolled forward unaware of the presence of a large Viet Cong main force unit nearby. Clashing with a reinforced company from the Viet Cong 3rd Battalion, 274th Regiment, a classic encounter battle ensued between two forces of roughly equal size. Fought at close quarters in dense jungle amid a heavy monsoon rain, both sides suffered heavy casualties as neither was able to gain an advantage. Finally, after a battle lasting several hours, the Australian artillery proved decisive and the Viet Cong were forced to withdraw, dragging many of their dead from the battlefield after having suffered crippling losses.",
"title": "Battle of Suoi Chau Pha"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "28633525#17",
"text": "On the basis of documents captured by the Australians during the battle the Viet Cong were identified as being from C12 Company, 3rd Battalion, 274th Regiment, probably assisted by the battalion Reconnaissance Platoon and a number of local force guides. It was assessed that at least a second company had helped in the recovery of many of the Viet Cong dead. Later, during operations the following day, a recently occupied battalion-sized camp was subsequently located about from the site of the battle, and it was considered likely that the Viet Cong company had fought the vigorous action in order the delay the Australians and enable the withdrawal of the remainder of the battalion from their base camp. Meanwhile, elements of the Chau Duc District Company were also believed to be located in the area.",
"title": "Battle of Suoi Chau Pha"
},
{
"docid": "28633525#10",
"text": "A Company, 7 RAR had already been patrolling in the Hat Dich since 3 August when the orders for the operation were issued. Utilising an insertion technique perfected by the Special Air Service Regiment they were subsequently re-supplied early on the evening of 5 August, with the supplies successfully unloaded and the helicopters departing within three minutes. The covert infiltration of the infantry companies went undetected, and on the morning of 6 August A Company began to patrol towards the intended site of their initial patrol base. Under the command of Major Ewart O'Donnell, by-mid morning the Australians were approximately east of Phu My. At 10:40, moving north-west with 2 Platoon leading, the Australians crossed a creek, the Suoi Chau Pha, and shortly afterwards located a fresh track which had only recently been used. O'Donnell ordered the lead platoon into ambush positions astride the track, while he moved forward to conduct a reconnaissance. Minutes later two Viet Cong sentries walked into the ambush with their weapons slung, and they were killed instantly by a short burst from an M60 machine-gun, likely surprised by the silent insertion of the Australians.",
"title": "Battle of Suoi Chau Pha"
},
{
"docid": "977549#15",
"text": "In 1967, 2 and 7 RAR assumed responsibility in Phuoc Tuy from their predecessors and continued the extensive patrolling, and cordon and searches characteristic of this conflict. In August 1967, 7 RAR fought elements of the Viet Cong 3rd Battalion, 274th Regiment in the largely unheralded Battle of Suoi Chau Pha, where extensive artillery support again proved decisive. A third infantry battalion arrived in December 1967 as part of a significant expansion of 1 ATF. By the time of the Tet Offensive in 1968, 1 and 3 RAR were serving in theatre. During actions at Fire Support Base (FSB) Coral by 1 RAR and at FSB Balmoral by 3 RAR in May and June 1968, later known as the Battle of Coral–Balmoral, these two battalions of the regiment would fight battles with conventional attributes not seen since Kapyong. In June 1969, an infantry company from 5 RAR, then on its second tour, and supported by a troop of tanks and another of APCs fought a significant combined arms action against a battalion-sized force of North Vietnamese regulars and Viet Cong local force troops during the Battle of Binh Ba.",
"title": "Royal Australian Regiment"
},
{
"docid": "28633525#15",
"text": "By 14:30 the Viet Cong commander finally made the decision to withdraw, with the artillery deciding the battle in favour of the Australians. O'Donnell had commanded the battle with cool resolve under constant fire throughout, setting the standard for his men and on one occasion he had run through heavy fire to drag a wounded medic to safety. Withdrawing through the barrage and a number of airstrikes called in to pursue them, the Viet Cong proceeded to drag their dead from the battlefield, having suffered crippling casualties. B Company, 7 RAR was subsequently inserted by helicopter into blocking positions to the north, however they made no contact and were unable to prevent the withdrawal. Numerous blood trails were later found as the Australians attempted to follow up the Viet Cong.",
"title": "Battle of Suoi Chau Pha"
},
{
"docid": "28633525#1",
"text": "By the second half of 1967 the Viet Cong seemed to have melted away in Phuoc Tuy province, abandoning many of their bunker systems and avoiding the main roads and towns. The Battle of Long Tan and Operation Bribie had weakened the communist forces in the province, while further operations had restricted their movement and logistics. This prompted the commander of the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF)—Brigadier Stuart Graham—to speculate that the Viet Cong may have fled to the border, perhaps leaving the province altogether. Graham reasoned that a succession of operations in the south-east of the province and the completion of the barrier minefield at Dat Do meant that no single, sizable threat remained to the populated areas of Phuoc Tuy.",
"title": "Battle of Suoi Chau Pha"
},
{
"docid": "28633525#19",
"text": "A classic encounter battle, the action had been fought between two forces of roughly equal size in the heavy monsoon rain at close quarters. Both companies had deployed to the high ground at around the same time in a bid to outflank the other, with the Australian infantry skilfully using their supporting artillery while the Viet Cong had attempted to nullify the Australian tactics by remaining in close contact. Ultimately, the artillery had decided the outcome in favour of the Australians however, and the Viet Cong had been forced to withdraw with heavy casualties. In this way the fighting bore many similarities to the victory twelve months earlier at Long Tan, yet it remained largely unheralded in Australia. Eight Australian soldiers received gallantry awards for their actions, including Military Crosses to O'Donnell, Ross and Clark, while Sutherland was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal. A number of awards were also made to the RAAF pilots and aircrew, including Cox who was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Meanwhile, the bravery evident by the Viet Cong during the battle had also made an impression on the Australians, who later acknowledged their tight fire discipline and the skilfulness of their battle drills and tactics which they found to be similar to those used by the Australians themselves.",
"title": "Battle of Suoi Chau Pha"
},
{
"docid": "28633525#2",
"text": "The Australians had continued to operate independently within Phuoc Tuy province, and while the war had become a series of big unit search and destroy operations in a war of attrition for the Americans, they had pursued their own counter-insurgency campaign. Regardless, differences of opinion between Australian and American methods had produced friction, and increasingly impatient with the Australian approach, in early 1967 the Commander US MACV, General William Westmoreland, had complained to the Commander Australian Forces Vietnam, Major General Tim Vincent, demanding a more aggressive approach. However, the Australians were convinced that deliberate patrolling techniques were more effective in separating communist forces from the population in the villages while working towards slowly extending government control, and such urgings went largely unheeded.",
"title": "Battle of Suoi Chau Pha"
},
{
"docid": "28633525#13",
"text": "O'Donnell attempted to probe the Viet Cong flank, and after locating it on the high ground he committed 1 Platoon—under Second Lieutenant Rod Smith—to conduct a right flanking attack. Beginning at 11:30 the Australian assault soon ran into another Viet Cong platoon conducting a similar manoeuvre, and they became involved in an intense battle at close quarters with each side blocking the manoeuvre of the other. A heavy monsoon rain began, drenching the men as they faced each other at a range of just , with seven Viet Cong machine-guns facing six Australian machine-guns at the height of the battle as the two Viet Cong platoons clashed with two Australian platoons. The Australians suffered heavily, losing two section commanders killed and a dozen men wounded in the first few minutes. The fighting continued for another two hours as both forces traded shots, with neither the Australians nor the Viet Cong able to achieve a decisive advantage.",
"title": "Battle of Suoi Chau Pha"
},
{
"docid": "28633525#3",
"text": "The highway to Xuyen Moc in the east had been reopened by the Australians in March and April, and with the Viet Cong 275th Regiment believed to have been severely weakened following Long Tan, a series of operations aimed at destroying the Viet Cong 274th Regiment were subsequently launched by 1 ATF. Australian assessments of the Viet Cong 275th Regiment were seemingly reinforced by its unsuccessful attempt to ambush a convoy from US 11th Armoured Cavalry Regiment (11 ACR) on 2 December 1966. Meanwhile, after Westmoreland had again pressed Vincent on what he saw as the limited results achieved by Australian tactics, a large joint US-Australian operation was mounted against the May Tao mountains in Phuoc Tuy, moving against the communist bases in the area. The largest search and destroy operation mounted by the Australians to that point, Operation Paddington (9–15 July) was carried out in co-operation with American and South Vietnamese units based in Bien Hoa province, and targeted the Viet Cong 5th Division.",
"title": "Battle of Suoi Chau Pha"
}
] | [
0.2108529955148697,
-0.006123469211161137,
-0.41113045811653137,
0.3112699091434479,
0.13069035112857819,
0.11725059151649475,
0.6389723420143127,
-0.39939528703689575,
0.3020864725112915,
0.3382662236690521,
0.18287131190299988,
-0.25846511125564575,
-0.4501953125,
0.34127572178840637,
-0.35609787702560425,
-0.17358633875846863,
0.4998873174190521,
-0.20906302332878113,
0.08068334311246872,
0.1490143984556198,
0.30247145891189575,
0.4600360691547394,
-0.25066667795181274,
0.14432114362716675,
-0.0445098876953125,
0.033483944833278656,
0.15650352835655212,
0.2585073709487915,
-0.2935415506362915,
0.36005109548568726,
0.30532601475715637,
-0.14427302777767181,
-0.12832759320735931,
0.6477426290512085,
-0.1275787353515625,
0.13545578718185425,
-0.09903658181428909,
0.030113806948065758,
-0.2784412205219269,
0.1756662279367447,
0.0415191650390625,
0.1579355150461197,
0.4592379033565521,
-0.06041658669710159,
0.39618390798568726,
-0.09525357931852341,
0.45502179861068726,
0.10642183572053909,
0.08814650028944016,
-0.06513742357492447,
-0.42514273524284363,
0.1267160326242447,
-0.5120567679405212,
-0.05706200376152992,
-0.3848031759262085,
0.2505757212638855,
-0.06024991720914841,
0.4021371603012085,
0.1402435302734375,
0.4947368800640106,
-0.099639892578125,
-0.02289053052663803,
-0.20195594429969788,
0.17564979195594788,
-0.06637103855609894,
-0.02918008714914322,
-0.013017507269978523,
0.19330303370952606,
-0.0997161865234375,
0.4727689325809479,
0.06166663393378258,
0.3848407566547394,
0.2857900857925415,
-0.004450871609151363,
0.0034238374792039394,
-0.3601543605327606,
0.008955735713243484,
0.015257028862833977,
-0.015569393523037434,
-0.1907419115304947,
0.6063514351844788,
-0.4074331521987915,
-0.059673748910427094,
0.06655296683311462,
0.15374168753623962,
0.24187763035297394,
0.03915992006659508,
0.5890174508094788,
0.05210289731621742,
0.6382399201393127,
0.12499882280826569,
0.05623920261859894,
-0.08628328144550323,
0.042728718370199203,
-0.009362440556287766,
0.20779888331890106,
0.08290806412696838,
-0.11045133322477341,
-0.10884446650743484,
0.148956298828125,
-0.15129528939723969,
-0.39406174421310425,
-0.06249794736504555,
0.4239971339702606,
0.17658409476280212,
-0.41404372453689575,
-0.359375,
-0.08473381400108337,
0.040266770869493484,
0.13377967476844788,
-0.17492206394672394,
-0.30807730555534363,
0.21337421238422394,
-0.11994288861751556,
-0.06744839251041412,
0.09504581987857819,
0.27549391984939575,
-0.5285269021987915,
-0.5864633321762085,
-0.9236027598381042,
0.3882587254047394,
0.3518441915512085,
-0.2639911472797394,
0.16713832318782806,
0.04085716977715492,
-0.3542996942996979,
0.39565804600715637,
-0.164134681224823,
0.6689828634262085,
0.624586820602417,
-0.3023822605609894,
0.35931867361068726,
0.691481351852417,
0.38799577951431274,
0.7065617442131042,
0.10557203739881516,
0.09971721470355988,
0.053252000361680984,
0.43251389265060425,
-0.42046648263931274,
0.28469613194465637,
0.30788949131965637,
0.10267991572618484,
0.6917442679405212,
0.11008688062429428,
0.11625318974256516,
0.09894033521413803,
0.27227312326431274,
0.3107440769672394,
0.07559438794851303,
0.11580716818571091,
0.3716195821762085,
-0.517333984375,
0.5226675271987915,
0.0025205612182617188,
-0.07660616189241409,
0.16001304984092712,
0.01009368896484375,
0.25498610734939575,
-0.031179575249552727,
0.7462440133094788,
0.21910212934017181,
-0.0404302142560482,
0.08121021091938019,
0.16991013288497925,
0.30357009172439575,
-0.06693208962678909,
0.5110426545143127,
0.43748122453689575,
-0.180419921875,
-0.0739927664399147,
-0.3311614990234375,
-0.04062711447477341,
-0.07225330173969269,
0.11237980425357819,
0.39877554774284363,
-0.3364046514034271,
-0.07442415505647659,
0.18324749171733856,
-0.07993140816688538,
0.2400747388601303,
0.2568265497684479,
0.204591304063797,
0.2240142822265625,
0.511155366897583,
-0.20151931047439575,
0.29515427350997925,
0.12337552756071091,
-0.08637061715126038,
0.14091843366622925,
0.19734074175357819,
-0.35523444414138794,
0.837327241897583,
0.13505084812641144,
0.2811420261859894,
0.2948467433452606,
-0.4568340480327606,
-0.13791069388389587,
-0.35301560163497925,
0.11104173213243484,
-0.23837515711784363,
-0.02821115404367447,
-0.4302884638309479,
-0.02882150560617447,
0.815993070602417,
-0.567551851272583,
-0.24427208304405212,
0.12679584324359894,
-0.23728591203689575,
-0.4421011209487915,
-0.20831122994422913,
0.1575927734375,
-0.09120941162109375,
0.3919536769390106,
0.2589017450809479,
0.29103440046310425,
-0.36021071672439575,
0.08889301121234894,
0.41761016845703125,
0.10180480778217316,
-0.20173996686935425,
0.49070388078689575,
-0.009805532172322273,
-0.03783357888460159,
-0.10040752589702606,
-0.07881523668766022,
-0.48411208391189575,
0.266813725233078,
0.094085693359375,
0.20674015581607819,
0.43119460344314575,
0.25895294547080994,
0.24343636631965637,
0.12449058890342712,
0.2862173318862915,
0.21615365147590637,
0.678147554397583,
0.30575796961784363,
-0.2929218113422394,
0.167510986328125,
0.3430927097797394,
0.12848839163780212,
-0.09120765328407288,
-0.0010546171106398106,
0.4195087254047394,
0.2893606424331665,
0.4220346212387085,
-0.2593148946762085,
-0.3050443232059479,
0.009505638852715492,
0.47783952951431274,
-0.18382850289344788,
0.39864876866340637,
0.33742111921310425,
-0.04471764340996742,
0.30088454484939575,
0.1578909009695053,
-0.4565054178237915,
0.2591552734375,
0.28439566493034363,
0.06278639286756516,
0.34344011545181274,
0.36199480295181274,
0.5436072945594788,
-0.2327962964773178,
0.05838951840996742,
0.13007457554340363,
0.20473891496658325,
-0.01301721390336752,
-0.09382394701242447,
0.25770217180252075,
-0.30418306589126587,
0.1767578125,
0.38539475202560425,
0.13543643057346344,
0.09122408181428909,
0.48708871006965637,
-0.13647960126399994,
-0.2748272120952606,
0.3469989597797394,
0.4348895847797394,
0.0340367816388607,
-0.22775033116340637,
0.36443620920181274,
0.14626839756965637,
0.36810773611068726,
-0.4575289189815521,
0.09172527492046356,
-0.3208759129047394,
0.25872331857681274,
-0.11152766644954681,
0.49887320399284363,
0.16176077723503113,
-0.4047006368637085,
-0.18072979152202606,
0.16192626953125,
0.2646014988422394,
0.178466796875,
0.18794602155685425,
-0.4980844259262085,
0.604323148727417,
-0.38662955164909363,
-0.10250209271907806,
0.40363019704818726,
-0.14718158543109894,
-0.22649677097797394,
0.32189705967903137,
-0.030656080693006516,
0.2360159009695053,
0.07384784519672394,
0.25202590227127075,
-0.5512507557868958,
-0.1402505785226822,
0.15485088527202606,
0.28792160749435425,
0.7288160920143127,
0.33627554774284363,
0.12321589887142181,
0.08807006478309631,
0.33056640625,
-0.34658578038215637,
-0.03237460181117058,
-0.45680588483810425,
-0.03701694309711456,
0.29994553327560425,
-0.7966120839118958,
0.060316819697618484,
-0.32797476649284363,
0.9643930196762085,
0.07347694039344788,
0.2005682736635208,
-0.37741324305534363,
0.06066659837961197,
-0.16644448041915894,
0.003942049574106932,
0.06606901437044144,
-0.018845777958631516,
0.375430166721344,
0.3181419372558594,
-0.04797128587961197,
-0.01615671068429947,
0.2480703443288803,
0.28879958391189575,
0.45139724016189575,
-0.6474421620368958,
-0.17731182277202606,
-0.14155930280685425,
-0.20281337201595306,
0.2704232931137085,
-0.006924115587025881,
0.5897122621536255,
-0.38229605555534363,
0.02219919115304947,
0.16774338483810425,
-0.29244524240493774,
0.20921912789344788,
0.20519550144672394,
-0.13263408839702606,
0.2762075662612915,
-0.27725455164909363,
0.44843000173568726,
0.15558800101280212,
0.15035541355609894,
0.28395432233810425,
-0.018772052600979805,
0.013832679018378258,
-0.07862149924039841,
-0.0631561279296875,
-0.03570556640625,
-0.15962746739387512,
0.42767804861068726,
0.08583186566829681,
-0.015875596553087234,
0.24384953081607819,
0.024222301319241524,
-0.06854471564292908,
-0.05560243874788284,
0.49599984288215637,
0.48358625173568726,
0.3342660665512085,
-0.12924927473068237,
0.5395320057868958,
0.22303889691829681,
-0.2666766941547394,
-0.33166196942329407,
0.014372605830430984,
0.07851116359233856,
-0.05024499073624611,
0.19606369733810425,
0.08496446162462234,
0.4749849736690521,
-0.3995290994644165,
0.004369442351162434,
0.005509009584784508,
-0.3655301630496979,
0.04008718580007553,
-0.20795147120952606,
0.29321640729904175,
0.023975666612386703,
-0.2530611455440521,
0.7154822945594788,
0.47629958391189575,
0.16005569696426392,
0.6614708304405212,
4.038010597229004,
-0.18948128819465637,
0.2112051099538803,
-0.10688429325819016,
-0.23660042881965637,
0.06970332562923431,
0.684983491897583,
-0.5558706521987915,
-0.01087966375052929,
-0.11514106392860413,
0.0022738713305443525,
0.13480788469314575,
-0.08974515646696091,
0.22311636805534363,
0.37212663888931274,
0.17479588091373444,
0.599928617477417,
0.31741097569465637,
0.30309587717056274,
0.6090369820594788,
-0.5155123472213745,
-0.11820279806852341,
0.09228280931711197,
0.38913199305534363,
0.5119065642356873,
0.035875312983989716,
0.513427734375,
-0.1924825757741928,
0.5533541440963745,
0.46591421961784363,
0.32248160243034363,
-0.06515796482563019,
-0.12875130772590637,
0.10411658883094788,
-0.9223257303237915,
0.4530123174190521,
0.1090962365269661,
0.3229616582393646,
0.1291094571352005,
0.2327880859375,
-0.2626512944698334,
0.15333439409732819,
-0.06385333836078644,
0.18207022547721863,
0.39055222272872925,
-0.18239769339561462,
-0.42709586024284363,
0.02315014973282814,
0.0627385675907135,
0.3975923955440521,
0.09169534593820572,
-0.43765023350715637,
0.15974777936935425,
0.06866748631000519,
0.2915884256362915,
0.5300856232643127,
0.25954964756965637,
0.5228553414344788,
0.1286081224679947,
0.8191105723381042,
-0.04007427394390106,
-0.08385702222585678,
0.030670166015625,
0.023418720811605453,
-0.14584586024284363,
0.1550668627023697,
0.07086885720491409,
0.3463510274887085,
-0.09738393872976303,
0.12543487548828125,
0.41265398263931274,
0.21445876359939575,
0.5772610902786255,
-0.3066030740737915,
-0.34506461024284363,
-0.4732290506362915,
-0.2162710279226303,
-0.2511150538921356,
-0.029043197631835938,
-0.16250258684158325,
0.16461768746376038,
-0.19813889265060425,
0.06056448072195053,
0.2512113153934479,
-0.4198843240737915,
0.6357797384262085,
0.20563213527202606,
-0.14597056806087494,
0.3779296875,
-0.5810171365737915,
-0.03103344328701496,
0.56103515625,
0.21067927777767181,
0.2664560079574585,
-0.2183755785226822,
-0.13734318315982819,
-0.15705402195453644,
-3.953726053237915,
0.3839111328125,
-0.07326683402061462,
-0.21491886675357819,
0.09702301025390625,
-0.2962270975112915,
0.018743395805358887,
-0.20294424891471863,
-0.12484917044639587,
0.617844820022583,
0.4637545049190521,
-0.012498121708631516,
-0.32732683420181274,
0.29071515798568726,
0.14754413068294525,
0.12500938773155212,
0.4322040379047394,
0.00722753070294857,
0.18112064898014069,
-0.4051419794559479,
-0.11030648648738861,
-0.04053497314453125,
0.16869765520095825,
-0.07741018384695053,
0.6758375763893127,
-0.03989938646554947,
0.06469850987195969,
-0.4405048191547394,
0.032230671495199203,
0.005954742431640625,
0.16239811480045319,
-0.15065354108810425,
0.8326321840286255,
-0.026166649535298347,
0.08603286743164062,
0.44516226649284363,
0.458251953125,
-0.15709510445594788,
0.22657658159732819,
0.17404597997665405,
-0.3796011209487915,
0.40750357508659363,
0.26999136805534363,
-0.0304388627409935,
0.11939884722232819,
0.5702749490737915,
-0.06922325491905212,
0.039549607783555984,
-0.24262648820877075,
0.1077464148402214,
-0.07447227835655212,
0.3367450535297394,
-0.26516252756118774,
0.16141803562641144,
0.4707782566547394,
0.015463829040527344,
0.00235748291015625,
0.13917483389377594,
0.5642653107643127,
0.05840477719902992,
0.4303213357925415,
-0.27047494053840637,
-0.05814302712678909,
0.507277250289917,
0.3262939453125,
0.031866807490587234,
-0.1878732591867447,
0.363525390625,
0.4326547384262085,
-0.13508957624435425,
-0.22646155953407288,
0.4204007685184479,
0.1904062181711197,
0.2642118036746979,
-0.1174163818359375,
0.614670991897583,
0.061384934931993484,
-0.23179978132247925,
0.5900691151618958,
0.8696476817131042,
-0.06075228005647659,
-0.17296306788921356,
-0.4083158075809479,
0.5383864045143127,
2.009765625,
0.5484524965286255,
2.167292594909668,
0.16105769574642181,
0.30861252546310425,
0.9006535410881042,
-0.05627206712961197,
0.006073584780097008,
0.2777944803237915,
0.28567269444465637,
-0.1031758263707161,
0.21632033586502075,
0.20640212297439575,
0.575608491897583,
0.3744647800922394,
-0.10229961574077606,
0.2882173955440521,
-0.9455754160881042,
-0.0602642223238945,
-0.5991774201393127,
0.3797513544559479,
-0.30152130126953125,
-0.37404221296310425,
0.05547861009836197,
0.48577409982681274,
-0.03856600075960159,
-0.512526273727417,
0.3275240361690521,
-0.21847769618034363,
0.043178852647542953,
-0.1984945386648178,
0.24084648489952087,
0.5844351053237915,
-0.15471473336219788,
-0.012292714789509773,
-0.09006265550851822,
-0.0382537841796875,
4.607572078704834,
0.11259196698665619,
-0.42144304513931274,
0.15534034371376038,
-0.13703911006450653,
0.3059316873550415,
0.3284818232059479,
0.1567148119211197,
-0.19054237008094788,
-0.02423095703125,
0.6347092986106873,
0.46213942766189575,
0.09661865234375,
-0.012376051396131516,
0.2561410665512085,
0.07144986838102341,
0.3210355341434479,
0.2418588548898697,
0.3275521993637085,
0.2873629033565521,
0.428955078125,
0.14817927777767181,
0.49904221296310425,
-0.16658459603786469,
-0.06003012880682945,
0.17205575108528137,
0.1917959302663803,
0.04473114013671875,
-0.17925556004047394,
0.03140024095773697,
0.718017578125,
5.486478328704834,
-0.32534554600715637,
0.06521577388048172,
-0.018322577700018883,
-0.31492263078689575,
0.16264460980892181,
-0.22892409563064575,
0.5281137228012085,
-0.18395057320594788,
-0.16225960850715637,
-0.04746774584054947,
-0.04323636740446091,
-0.3313457667827606,
0.12361732125282288,
0.1452164351940155,
-0.07850059866905212,
-0.4314716160297394,
-0.09182973951101303,
0.1369711011648178,
-0.07837662100791931,
0.44512468576431274,
-0.5667442679405212,
-0.11021070927381516,
-0.5688664317131042,
-0.2240060716867447,
-0.5198129415512085,
-0.0011569169582799077,
0.1980356127023697,
-0.15688148140907288,
0.39111328125,
0.5310434103012085,
0.49921125173568726,
-0.283355712890625,
0.31251877546310425,
-0.6376953125,
0.4351900517940521,
-0.380859375,
0.22706839442253113,
0.5287147164344788,
-0.1414560228586197,
0.18572059273719788,
0.1839975267648697,
-0.12476972490549088,
-0.32305437326431274,
-0.4758770167827606,
-0.06664378941059113,
0.005947406403720379,
-0.1374462991952896,
0.05772247537970543,
-0.1314157396554947,
0.41033464670181274,
-0.026543250307440758,
1.0321139097213745,
0.40851300954818726,
0.3173534572124481,
0.37216421961784363,
0.03823383152484894,
-0.14174945652484894,
0.33373787999153137,
-0.17238089442253113,
0.5111178159713745,
-0.08134929835796356,
-0.21146804094314575,
0.10285831987857819,
0.2655874490737915,
-0.08248314261436462,
0.17957717180252075,
-0.1465677171945572,
0.6000413298606873,
-0.48219650983810425,
0.22313103079795837,
0.004834688734263182,
-0.03776784986257553,
0.078451007604599,
0.18325570225715637,
0.23923316597938538,
0.4439556300640106,
-0.4769193232059479,
0.029701819643378258,
-0.26815298199653625,
-0.13417170941829681,
-0.39133864641189575,
0.04528592526912689,
0.23254863917827606,
0.08002530783414841,
-0.2592896819114685,
-0.24345867335796356,
0.06059441342949867,
0.6068021059036255,
0.2667330205440521,
0.44320914149284363,
-0.03663048520684242,
-0.17164142429828644,
0.8223971128463745,
-0.12730731070041656,
0.1676103174686432,
0.20800663530826569,
0.22979971766471863,
-0.06989347189664841,
0.06354786455631256,
0.15241344273090363,
0.1977163404226303,
0.03557762876152992,
-0.21226383745670319,
0.03112807683646679,
-0.07731041312217712,
0.3220308721065521,
-0.028903961181640625,
-0.17875084280967712,
0.15732280910015106,
0.3516751825809479,
0.7978891134262085,
0.08088331669569016,
-0.06156488507986069,
-0.08734497427940369
] |
23 | How old was Cho Namchul when he died? | [
{
"docid": "3966377#0",
"text": "Cho Namchul (November 30, 1923 - July 2, 2006, alternately Cho Namcheol) was a professional Go player (Baduk in Korean). He died of natural causes in Seoul at the age of 83.",
"title": "Cho Nam-chul"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3534769#1",
"text": "His grandfather taught him Go when he was young. Seeing great talent in Cho, his father sent him to Japan in 1962. His rise to becoming one of the greatest Go players began when he joined Minoru Kitani's Go school. He was accompanied by his uncle Cho Namchul and his brother Cho Shoen on his way to the Haneda airport in Japan in August 1962. He was only six years old at the time. At the airport he met Minoru Kitani and his wife, another pupil Kobayashi Chizu, and the master's daughter, Reiko Kitani (who as an adult married Cho's future rival Koichi Kobayashi). The day after arriving in Japan Cho beat Rin Kaiho in a five stone handicap game at a party held at the Kitani School to celebrate the total dan ranks of Kitani students reaching a sum of 100. A large crowd watched intensely, as if it were a professional game.",
"title": "Cho Chikun"
},
{
"docid": "38153074#10",
"text": "On January 6, 2013, Cho's body was discovered by his girlfriend, hanged in the bathroom of her apartment in Dogok-dong, southern Seoul, at around 5:26 a.m. According to investigators from the Suseo Police Station, on the night before his death, Cho drank three bottles of soju with his 40-year-old girlfriend, identified only by her surname Park, during which she told him she wanted to end their relationship. Park then left her house at around midnight to meet a friend, and returned at 3:40 a.m. only to find Cho hanging from the bathroom shower using his belt. Cho hinted at suicide in a text message he sent to his mother at around 12:11 a.m. and in the message he sent to his girlfriend five minutes later over the mobile messenger service KakaoTalk. In the message to his mother, he wrote, \"It looks like there is no way for me to live in Korea anymore. I am very sorry, but please think that you never had a son.\" To Park, he left the words, \"My heart breaks that we can't be together in the final moments of my life. Thank you for everything. Hang tough even after I am gone.\" No will was found at the scene.",
"title": "Cho Sung-min"
},
{
"docid": "35468368#0",
"text": "The Cho Doo-soon Case refers to an assault that took place in December 2008, in which an eight-year-old girl known only as Na-young was on her way to school when she was kidnapped by 57-year-old Cho Doo-soon, who was drunk at the time. Cho raped and beat Nayoung at a public squat toilet. Nayoung had injuries to her internal organs, and was taken to a hospital, surviving the incident. Cho was arrested and eventually sentenced to twelve years in prison.",
"title": "Nayoung Case"
},
{
"docid": "261243#5",
"text": "On 5 July 2003, he died from multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis while he was out on an excursion for hunting guinea fowl. According to official estimates he was about 58 or 59 years old at the time. He was buried on 12 July in a semi-traditional ceremony at Tsumkwe, next to the grave of his second wife. He had six surviving children.",
"title": "Nǃxau ǂToma"
},
{
"docid": "34255387#2",
"text": "The enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases according to the EC classification and is dependent on FAD as cofactor, thus it was classified as an external flavoprotein monooxygenase (designated as type E). It forms a two-component system with a reductase (StyB, StyA2B). The reductase utilizes solely NADH to reduce the FAD, which is then transferred to the styrene monooxygenase (StyA, StyA1). Two types of that enzyme are described so far: StyA/StyB (designated E1), first described from \"Pseudomonas\" species, and StyA1/StyA2B (designated E2), first described from Actinobacteria. The E1-type is more abundant in nature and comprises a single monooxygenase (StyA) supported by a single reductase (StyB), whereas the E2-type has a major monooxygenase (StyA1) which is supported by fusion protein of a monooxygenase and reductase (StyA2B). The latter one is the source of reduced FAD for the monooxygenase subunits and has some side activity as a monooxygenase. So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.",
"title": "Styrene monooxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "34108298#10",
"text": "Nicholls died in a bus stop accident on 1 October 1930 returning from a concert. An obituary appeared a day after in the \"Evening Post\". It was reported that she was knocked over by a bus turning around in the darkened street that reversed, ran over and crushed her. She was 40 years old at the time of her death. The \"Post\" obituary wrote: ‘Her death removes a cultured and charming personality who could ill be spared.’ A large attendance at her funeral on 4 October 1930 indicated the esteem and high regard with which Wellingtonians held her. Further obituaries appeared in \"Art in New Zealand\" (March 1931) and in \"The Spike\" 1931 by Eileen Duggan.",
"title": "Marjory Nicholls"
},
{
"docid": "22138393#7",
"text": "On 22 January 2009, at the age of 103, Cambodia's last remaining civil servant from the French Administration, and the Sangkum Reastr Niyum, died peacefully, surrounded by his family. Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum was publicly cremated with full military guard and honour. He was saluted by official communiqués by King Father Norodom Sihanouk, King Norodom Sihamoni, France's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Khmer Krom community. In an obituary published in the \"Phnom Penh Post\", his family wrote that Chhum should be remembered as \"a man considerate of the rights of others, small or tall\", who \"always had kind words for the anonymous faces tirelessly serving the high and mighty. For Samdech Chhum thought of himself as a mere servant.\" A few years before his death, Chhum had already asked his grandson to convey his apologies to the population of Phnom Penh for the traffic congestion that his long funeral cortege would cause. \"To have served dutifully and unfailingly was his greatest pride.\" From 10 June 2004, when former Greek Prime Minister Xenophon Zolotas died until his own death, Chhum was the world's oldest living former head of state.",
"title": "Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum"
},
{
"docid": "5905280#22",
"text": "On 7 July 2006, Mícheál Ó Domhnaill died from a fall at his home. He was 54 years old. On 11 July, a wake was held at the home of his sister Maighread and the following day a requiem Mass was said for Mícheál at the Church of the Holy Cross in Dundrum. The funeral was attended by numerous musicians from across Ireland, including the remaining members of The Bothy Band, piper Liam O'Flynn, accordion player Tony MacMahon, and Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh. Mícheál Ó Domhnaill was buried in St. Colmcille's Cemetery in Kells, County Meath. Ireland's Minister for Arts, John O'Donoghue, in a press release said, \"Mícheál Ó Domhnaill was one of Ireland's most gifted and well loved musicians. His contribution to the world of traditional and folk music was enormous. His passing is a great loss and he will be sadly missed.\"",
"title": "Mícheál Ó Domhnaill"
},
{
"docid": "24219777#8",
"text": "Farah Swaleh Noor was 38 years old at the time of his death. He arrived in Ireland in December 1996, claiming to be a Somalian called \"Sheilila Salim\" whose family had been killed in Mogadishu during the Somali Civil War. Subsequent investigations revealed that he was in fact Kenyan and that his family was still alive. The Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform ordered that he be deported but he appealed and was granted Irish citizenship in March 1999 on grounds he became the father of an Irish-born child. He had four previous convictions for offences including intoxication, threatening and abusive behaviour and assault. In 1997, he raped a mentally disabled 16-year-old Chinese girl. She later gave birth to a son. Two other women had children by him and both described having been raped by him. Noor had faced eight charges of disorder and assault, one involving a sexual assault in which a knife was found at the scene by gardaí. He was convicted on three occasions but never served time in jail. Noor lived in a number of areas in Dublin, including Dún Laoghaire and Firhouse, as well as the inner city before moving in with Kathleen Mulhall. Gardaí described him as being particularly violent towards women.",
"title": "Scissor Sisters (convicted killers)"
}
] | [
0.4220064580440521,
-0.04354271665215492,
-0.21551513671875,
0.21594707667827606,
0.16120323538780212,
-0.05274919420480728,
0.49953049421310425,
-0.3787935674190521,
0.5136155486106873,
-0.076873779296875,
0.02348562330007553,
-0.17728130519390106,
0.16176311671733856,
0.3241060674190521,
-0.4754732549190521,
-0.07641836255788803,
0.35714957118034363,
0.4271146357059479,
0.14301975071430206,
0.008208348415791988,
-0.21072269976139069,
0.36953264474868774,
-0.19627498090267181,
-0.06340965628623962,
0.2509859502315521,
-0.1339040845632553,
-0.08219791948795319,
0.43930289149284363,
-0.128978431224823,
0.4345327615737915,
0.1619028002023697,
0.10179006308317184,
-0.19316452741622925,
0.42277175188064575,
-0.18810507655143738,
0.5386868715286255,
-0.18487548828125,
0.11255586892366409,
-0.11245492845773697,
-0.08521211892366409,
-0.11423902958631516,
0.28533464670181274,
0.2166067212820053,
-0.14113441109657288,
0.21030308306217194,
0.2918466329574585,
0.0981597900390625,
0.23427757620811462,
-0.11555187404155731,
-0.28558820486068726,
-0.4171987771987915,
0.1750253587961197,
-0.22307880222797394,
-0.32982927560806274,
-0.38415056467056274,
0.5202448964118958,
0.12425979971885681,
0.5956843495368958,
-0.1387552171945572,
0.01112351007759571,
0.2068105787038803,
-0.08511055260896683,
-0.3173358738422394,
0.11334815621376038,
0.2750948369503021,
0.09412559866905212,
-0.24583083391189575,
0.510986328125,
0.4099590480327606,
0.24461951851844788,
0.09163959324359894,
0.11464515328407288,
0.6931715607643127,
0.4039071798324585,
0.12820786237716675,
-0.25278884172439575,
-0.0215911865234375,
0.10473398119211197,
0.23942917585372925,
0.05566611513495445,
0.6965895295143127,
-0.03401653468608856,
0.09282581508159637,
0.5052396059036255,
0.09657169878482819,
0.27352669835090637,
0.12130473554134369,
0.10202495753765106,
0.14198185503482819,
0.5058405995368958,
0.19417160749435425,
0.3010347783565521,
-0.3232210576534271,
0.09807674586772919,
-0.3577129542827606,
-0.025544386357069016,
0.46067458391189575,
-0.3222139775753021,
0.07377389818429947,
-0.062164306640625,
-0.17522723972797394,
-0.30215218663215637,
0.27040451765060425,
0.38235238194465637,
0.13259829580783844,
-0.44467398524284363,
-0.058973826467990875,
0.3610769510269165,
0.06235680356621742,
-0.03438509255647659,
-0.15130145847797394,
0.005581488832831383,
0.07178966701030731,
-0.1271696835756302,
0.2517324686050415,
0.2570425271987915,
0.07323631644248962,
0.07825294137001038,
-0.2624441385269165,
-0.8640324473381042,
0.5950082540512085,
0.38446515798568726,
-0.3002084493637085,
0.16933029890060425,
0.02345305308699608,
-0.26280683279037476,
0.628248929977417,
0.05772165209054947,
0.6103891134262085,
0.08628757297992706,
-0.017301706597208977,
0.4729755222797394,
0.13124202191829681,
0.557786226272583,
0.5162071585655212,
-0.05374614894390106,
-0.034328166395425797,
-0.15634624660015106,
-0.11581890285015106,
-0.2391122728586197,
-0.013730562292039394,
0.0619049072265625,
0.05771108716726303,
0.7038198709487915,
0.01077769324183464,
0.25243669748306274,
-0.04039470851421356,
0.10087467730045319,
0.19923283159732819,
0.32175856828689575,
-0.06300941109657288,
0.5379204154014587,
-0.44215744733810425,
0.20562744140625,
0.11910776048898697,
0.03102845326066017,
0.42515212297439575,
0.010260801762342453,
-0.04511847719550133,
0.2632664442062378,
0.8284630179405212,
0.29453688859939575,
0.15980178117752075,
-0.32931753993034363,
-0.1355631947517395,
0.03921596705913544,
-0.46728515625,
0.21959862112998962,
0.6457331776618958,
-0.017221303656697273,
-0.2654935419559479,
-0.032108601182699203,
-0.11392799019813538,
-0.2142099291086197,
0.23324115574359894,
0.09377288818359375,
-0.32608917355537415,
0.024333659559488297,
0.10197389870882034,
0.11464515328407288,
0.2206655591726303,
0.16800865530967712,
0.2401123046875,
-0.02161114104092121,
0.6694711446762085,
0.20193246006965637,
0.07373075932264328,
-0.033428557217121124,
-0.17927081882953644,
0.40286019444465637,
0.4483173191547394,
-0.22211162745952606,
0.701246976852417,
0.16508248448371887,
0.13344250619411469,
0.09751539677381516,
0.07760267704725266,
0.30206534266471863,
-0.18441420793533325,
0.3213360011577606,
0.06805185228586197,
0.2024339884519577,
-0.591796875,
-0.07357318699359894,
0.3900052607059479,
-0.28548139333724976,
0.14286452531814575,
0.362998366355896,
-0.22953914105892181,
-0.13327261805534363,
-0.03862527757883072,
0.135771244764328,
0.05760486423969269,
0.4538198709487915,
-0.015939565375447273,
0.2607797384262085,
-0.44176775217056274,
-0.10429029911756516,
0.40433210134506226,
0.051816463470458984,
-0.18997661769390106,
0.4565805196762085,
0.18470412492752075,
0.18244698643684387,
-0.2555776834487915,
-0.19331008195877075,
-0.2743905782699585,
-0.044365882873535156,
-0.08894113451242447,
0.36609238386154175,
0.24185708165168762,
0.4233492314815521,
0.02116863615810871,
-0.16098140180110931,
0.38877516984939575,
0.13219040632247925,
-0.13540413975715637,
0.29183724522590637,
-0.3320406377315521,
0.061061639338731766,
0.2902080714702606,
-0.13416114449501038,
-0.08811921626329422,
0.38319748640060425,
0.31020882725715637,
-0.14886710047721863,
0.6615272164344788,
-0.3469097316265106,
-0.10639660060405731,
0.029562143608927727,
0.31472542881965637,
-0.07564280927181244,
0.7844050526618958,
-0.30995529890060425,
-0.14679424464702606,
-0.2058633714914322,
0.16503436863422394,
-0.121826171875,
-0.04807809740304947,
0.2715219259262085,
0.22895695269107819,
0.47326424717903137,
0.4108417332172394,
0.27117919921875,
-0.3328951299190521,
0.18045982718467712,
0.1532052904367447,
0.5050330758094788,
-0.35288649797439575,
0.5744441151618958,
0.35826462507247925,
-0.14897273480892181,
0.2843862771987915,
0.02323414757847786,
0.19688533246517181,
-0.174610435962677,
0.29787972569465637,
0.2056814283132553,
-0.34601300954818726,
0.5112069845199585,
0.2497934252023697,
-0.034635983407497406,
-0.22601787745952606,
-0.21763962507247925,
0.09584867209196091,
0.5537086129188538,
-0.4909574091434479,
-0.028454413637518883,
-0.5498046875,
-0.13274794816970825,
0.35302734375,
0.7765174508094788,
-0.14862853288650513,
-0.7393893003463745,
-0.44035574793815613,
0.03695913404226303,
0.4156494140625,
0.038898173719644547,
0.6443434357643127,
-0.07879638671875,
0.6582547426223755,
-0.38934797048568726,
0.08814415335655212,
-0.016405252739787102,
0.18265944719314575,
-0.29933518171310425,
-0.34967511892318726,
0.15294001996517181,
-0.3374774754047394,
0.4299691915512085,
0.145925372838974,
-0.077117919921875,
-0.18442007899284363,
-0.013442406430840492,
0.2566129267215729,
0.27261587977409363,
0.11968055367469788,
0.23378342390060425,
0.4326547384262085,
-0.15488609671592712,
-0.1380239576101303,
-0.3011943995952606,
-0.30621808767318726,
-0.25100472569465637,
0.2923583984375,
-0.8351863026618958,
0.23768967390060425,
-0.24145038425922394,
0.76220703125,
0.0003908597573172301,
0.273232102394104,
-0.4204195439815521,
0.012499258853495121,
-0.06834881007671356,
0.06249178200960159,
0.2567608058452606,
0.06835702806711197,
0.2915180027484894,
-0.4506366550922394,
0.0785689726471901,
0.28846976161003113,
-0.2869403660297394,
-0.12923958897590637,
0.5273249745368958,
-0.32769304513931274,
0.3850567042827606,
0.049770649522542953,
0.1568450927734375,
0.5759840607643127,
0.30049484968185425,
-0.12462674826383591,
-0.058818522840738297,
0.030475616455078125,
-0.25359755754470825,
-0.14542564749717712,
0.05666879564523697,
0.4979999363422394,
0.42841047048568726,
0.1241607666015625,
-0.19836895167827606,
0.04305516928434372,
0.24977463483810425,
0.18215706944465637,
0.24858210980892181,
0.21598933637142181,
0.15673358738422394,
-0.18243172764778137,
0.19078490138053894,
-0.009131908416748047,
0.117828369140625,
-0.07624934613704681,
0.3240591287612915,
0.19905441999435425,
0.27140572667121887,
-0.5685847401618958,
-0.19627028703689575,
-0.05910550802946091,
0.2974923849105835,
0.28420785069465637,
0.3314208984375,
0.36728140711784363,
0.7060546875,
0.22912128269672394,
-0.36895281076431274,
-0.10100848972797394,
-0.012292275205254555,
-0.15204326808452606,
-0.38197678327560425,
-0.2058134824037552,
-0.31347185373306274,
0.15467247366905212,
-0.1769949048757553,
0.11286339163780212,
0.12487323582172394,
-0.4714191257953644,
-0.023747077211737633,
-0.08202831447124481,
0.1521424502134323,
-0.04408850893378258,
-0.06286855787038803,
0.2861703634262085,
0.29580453038215637,
-0.08068143576383591,
0.25082162022590637,
3.965444803237915,
0.05724921450018883,
0.16947966814041138,
0.012456453405320644,
-0.03511590138077736,
0.1609601229429245,
0.37970441579818726,
-0.43857985734939575,
-0.6004920601844788,
0.09268800914287567,
-0.2769634425640106,
0.48876953125,
-0.13164226710796356,
0.28473779559135437,
0.05070730298757553,
0.42820388078689575,
0.7200270295143127,
0.29725998640060425,
-0.09054961800575256,
0.5169020295143127,
-0.37660568952560425,
0.13203781843185425,
0.40561148524284363,
0.5152493715286255,
0.5574856996536255,
-0.1571115404367447,
0.40981820225715637,
0.15656925737857819,
0.49017804861068726,
0.02713232859969139,
0.6862980723381042,
-0.3651216924190521,
0.5625375509262085,
-0.11271975934505463,
-1.060960054397583,
0.37318772077560425,
0.3235990107059479,
0.284920334815979,
-0.006228520534932613,
0.1295095533132553,
-0.4409555196762085,
-0.1344095766544342,
0.1750720888376236,
0.5491849184036255,
0.3869535028934479,
0.19520099461078644,
-0.2345561981201172,
0.41168683767318726,
0.3343364894390106,
0.2964618504047394,
0.04763089865446091,
-0.18568772077560425,
0.2586576044559479,
-0.5545560121536255,
0.003311450593173504,
0.525634765625,
0.08780611306428909,
0.5083383321762085,
0.3762958347797394,
0.12545306980609894,
-0.06779362261295319,
-0.15581806004047394,
0.2752544581890106,
0.32998421788215637,
-0.09311500191688538,
-0.5576547384262085,
0.2615872919559479,
0.3888408839702606,
-0.0723988488316536,
-0.43737322092056274,
0.06618675589561462,
0.2945556640625,
0.4014986455440521,
-0.22274310886859894,
0.010215246118605137,
-0.18458439409732819,
-0.322021484375,
0.09727360308170319,
0.0024352441541850567,
0.0655975341796875,
0.09316781908273697,
-0.24873234331607819,
0.08788534253835678,
0.4027193486690521,
-0.16372445225715637,
0.5893930196762085,
0.25983136892318726,
-0.24354904890060425,
0.19825626909732819,
0.12514907121658325,
-0.14691279828548431,
0.2820681035518646,
0.3275052607059479,
0.2457096427679062,
-0.02992013841867447,
0.003696735017001629,
0.07092490792274475,
-3.998798131942749,
0.09627708792686462,
-0.05647454038262367,
-0.37030500173568726,
0.026891561225056648,
-0.015526404604315758,
0.21541184186935425,
0.4945819675922394,
-0.5231745839118958,
0.27431076765060425,
-0.025949331000447273,
-0.09096109122037888,
-0.4423828125,
0.087575763463974,
0.10278789699077606,
0.125072181224823,
0.12500235438346863,
0.31582406163215637,
-0.10004483908414841,
-0.3014995753765106,
0.07380397617816925,
0.21023324131965637,
0.2549203634262085,
-0.2762686014175415,
0.004987276624888182,
-0.14769920706748962,
0.5261418223381042,
0.024020854383707047,
0.3327542841434479,
0.006480877287685871,
0.14922919869422913,
0.16077834367752075,
0.8173452615737915,
-0.10124324262142181,
-0.06956394016742706,
0.6218637228012085,
0.273031085729599,
-0.1534048169851303,
0.17894920706748962,
0.34530875086784363,
-0.27784377336502075,
0.22617164254188538,
0.1846436709165573,
0.023275669664144516,
-0.16969650983810425,
0.19620689749717712,
-0.1637655347585678,
0.060726460069417953,
-0.39570969343185425,
-0.06156862527132034,
-0.07624347507953644,
0.15358088910579681,
-0.25586143136024475,
0.11829904466867447,
0.32223746180534363,
0.3173734247684479,
0.06919978559017181,
-0.6215632557868958,
0.47121018171310425,
0.10693594068288803,
0.06000988185405731,
-0.521897554397583,
0.2034536451101303,
-0.013242281042039394,
-0.04443124681711197,
0.16081295907497406,
0.4091655910015106,
0.20784348249435425,
0.23553231358528137,
-0.19169792532920837,
0.11185396462678909,
0.10889610648155212,
0.18745186924934387,
-0.14125648140907288,
-0.0062311613000929356,
0.6108773946762085,
0.093489870429039,
-0.028021592646837234,
0.6008113026618958,
0.49330490827560425,
-0.25204703211784363,
-0.24597519636154175,
-0.46221452951431274,
0.32850998640060425,
2.213341236114502,
0.022658128291368484,
2.232797384262085,
0.590087890625,
0.03596555441617966,
0.5462740659713745,
-0.3154202997684479,
0.030926045030355453,
0.4751352071762085,
0.2483750879764557,
0.20706118643283844,
0.5815092921257019,
0.20193423330783844,
0.24086350202560425,
-0.029221754521131516,
-0.17595995962619781,
0.2404409497976303,
-0.7284874320030212,
0.01791147142648697,
-0.16193917393684387,
0.32062238454818726,
-0.045390788465738297,
-0.09863046556711197,
0.07056016474962234,
0.28655534982681274,
-0.06746145337820053,
-0.251922607421875,
-0.1729736328125,
0.15734511613845825,
-0.46848708391189575,
0.02802746184170246,
0.023570720106363297,
0.747971773147583,
-0.24940960109233856,
0.07893312722444534,
0.3000253438949585,
0.10500217974185944,
4.679387092590332,
0.1439250111579895,
-0.40248459577560425,
0.29602521657943726,
0.39443734288215637,
0.4237060546875,
0.4957181513309479,
0.061572734266519547,
0.13112229108810425,
0.3058988153934479,
0.42697378993034363,
0.33493277430534363,
-0.035594645887613297,
-0.1625746637582779,
0.07261070609092712,
0.09456047415733337,
0.269775390625,
-0.022432180121541023,
0.3265850245952606,
0.004583395551890135,
0.10766777396202087,
-0.2210046350955963,
0.5818434357643127,
-0.22089092433452606,
-0.15888859331607819,
0.05670686811208725,
0.27386474609375,
0.18651053309440613,
-0.04348989576101303,
0.37056615948677063,
-0.5107292532920837,
5.47536039352417,
0.2724609375,
0.3272846043109894,
-0.168325275182724,
0.0049951993860304356,
0.048648979514837265,
-0.06415630877017975,
0.017693739384412766,
-0.4962627589702606,
-0.15685565769672394,
-0.030862368643283844,
-0.28350359201431274,
-0.272705078125,
0.27750808000564575,
-0.21608558297157288,
0.05291835963726044,
-0.5467623472213745,
0.3896014988422394,
0.08214158564805984,
-0.17724844813346863,
0.5216346383094788,
0.08316392451524734,
0.05695020407438278,
-0.3535907566547394,
-0.2959383428096771,
-0.03863994777202606,
-0.3296884298324585,
0.045849066227674484,
0.004098305478692055,
0.169830322265625,
0.30817121267318726,
-0.006770794279873371,
0.16993831098079681,
0.1681142896413803,
-0.6286057829856873,
0.2621166408061981,
0.27077072858810425,
-0.10304553806781769,
0.21413010358810425,
0.05828153342008591,
0.37655875086784363,
-0.20877310633659363,
-0.3743520975112915,
0.17807242274284363,
0.0562920942902565,
-0.10583730787038803,
0.03880896791815758,
0.24988731741905212,
-0.28855544328689575,
-0.2608795166015625,
0.28243666887283325,
0.018728695809841156,
0.941331148147583,
0.3429706394672394,
0.2565683126449585,
0.45150992274284363,
-0.13156479597091675,
0.13805235922336578,
0.16006939113140106,
-0.3057485818862915,
0.4289456903934479,
0.13679739832878113,
0.007328766863793135,
-0.11272136867046356,
0.2442626953125,
0.36134690046310425,
0.0939595177769661,
-0.08247493207454681,
0.6216759085655212,
-0.19271087646484375,
0.18126972019672394,
-0.0014143723528832197,
-0.05310850962996483,
0.32944899797439575,
-0.04862389340996742,
0.0009146103402599692,
0.394828200340271,
-0.22166560590267181,
-0.17958538234233856,
-0.1885334849357605,
-0.2638033330440521,
-0.1686330884695053,
0.0266571044921875,
0.4864408075809479,
-0.06907301396131516,
0.015272287651896477,
-0.21791428327560425,
-0.3601543605327606,
0.43731218576431274,
0.07925767451524734,
0.2906024754047394,
0.05933556333184242,
-0.0761067345738411,
0.7314265370368958,
0.30970412492752075,
0.3088472783565521,
0.05401670187711716,
0.8011192679405212,
0.00827789306640625,
-0.030661068856716156,
0.2223290652036667,
-0.06013738363981247,
-0.021915730088949203,
0.17605355381965637,
0.22557654976844788,
0.21271926164627075,
0.494698166847229,
0.1271704137325287,
0.16979041695594788,
0.3724271357059479,
0.25994402170181274,
0.15925715863704681,
0.2279733568429947,
-0.24577800929546356,
0.2702120244503021
] |
24 | What is the Navy's military mascot? | [
{
"docid": "43080225#0",
"text": "Navy Bill is a sculpture of the United States Naval Academy's mascot, \"Bill the Goat\", a billy goat. It was designed by Clemente Spampinato in 1956, and presented to the Academy in 1957. Until 2010, the sculpture stood just inside Gate 1 to the Academy. Following a five-year refurbishment underwritten by the Class of 1965, the statue was returned to Gate 1. A second statue commissioned by the Class of 1965 was placed in the north end zone of Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium on 9 June 2015. It was rededicated 24 October 2015. \"Navy Bill\" has the alternate name of \"Goat Mascot\".",
"title": "Navy Bill"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "159908#18",
"text": "Mascots are also popular in military units. For example, the United States Marine Corps uses the English Bulldog as its mascot, while the United States Army uses the mule, the United States Navy uses the goat, and the United States Air Force uses the Gyrfalcon.",
"title": "Mascot"
},
{
"docid": "6301509#0",
"text": "Military mascot refers to a pet animal maintained by a military unit as a mascot for ceremonial purposes or as an emblem of that unit.",
"title": "Military mascot"
},
{
"docid": "6301509#68",
"text": "Seaman Jenna was the canine mascot on USS Vandegrift (FFG-48) for five years while the ship was forward deployed to 7th Fleet. Acquired as a rescue dog by the ship after a home port shift in 1998, she was a morale booster for a crew far from home and families. She improved morale every day, bringing a sense of home and making her shipmates feel different than the other sailors in the Navy. She created a bond amongst the crew that still exists today.",
"title": "Military mascot"
},
{
"docid": "6301509#24",
"text": "The pony mascots travel round the country (United Kingdom), leading parades and marching in front of veterans and the Regiment. They also travel to local shows to greet their public and even as far as France and the Netherlands each year for the military anniversaries. In winter, it is quieter for the ponies, but they are regularly exercised and lunged.There have been three Shetland pony mascots in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, all called Cruachan (IV). The pony and his mate are looked after by a \"Pony Major\" whose duties include their welfare and leading Cruachan during his many appearances at Highland games, fairs, military parades and annual Edinburgh Tattoo. The first, Cruachan I (1929 - 1939), formally became the Regimental Mascot in 1929 when he was presented to the 1st Battalion, The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders by Her Royal Highness Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll. The third Cruachan retired in 2012 and will be replaced by the fourth. After the Scottish regiments merged to become constituent battalions of the Royal Regiment of Scotland, Cruachan was adopted as the regimental mascot. The current mascot is Cruachan IV.",
"title": "Military mascot"
},
{
"docid": "6301509#35",
"text": "All the goats are called William (anglicised version of Gwylim) Windsor or Billy for short. Their primary duty is to march at the head of the battalion on all ceremonial event. The present goat mascot, Fusilier William Windsor, was chosen from a herd of goats living on the Great Orme in Llandudno on 13 June 2009. After his selection, months of work followed to get him used to his fellow soldiers and to make him learn what is expected of him. As the goat progressed, he was taught to get used to sounds and noises coming from marching soldiers.",
"title": "Military mascot"
},
{
"docid": "6301509#5",
"text": "British Army mascots are classified as either regimental pets or regimental mascots. The former are unofficial mascots since they are not recognized by the Army, while the latter are official mascots, having been recognized by the Army. Official British Army mascots are entitled to the services of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, as well as quartering and food at public expense. It costs the Army roughly £40,000 a year for the upkeep of official mascots. There are also mascots whose upkeep are borne by the regiment or unit itself. They are unofficial mascots which are properly referred to as regimental pets.",
"title": "Military mascot"
},
{
"docid": "6301509#31",
"text": "On 26 July 1961, the wolfhound mascot was admitted to the select group of official Army mascots entitling him to the services of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, as well as quartering and food at public expense. Originally, the mascot was in the care of a drummer boy, but is now looked after by one of the regiment's drummers and his family. However, new mascots spend their first six months at the home of the Regimental Adjutant so they can be gradually introduced to regimental life.",
"title": "Military mascot"
},
{
"docid": "6301509#71",
"text": "The current mascot is the 16th in a series of mascots named \"Chesty\" in honor of famed Marine Lieutenant General Lewis B. \"Chesty\" Puller Jr. This dog lives at the Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., where he appears in weekly parades.",
"title": "Military mascot"
},
{
"docid": "7486413#4",
"text": "From his ship's mascot, Bamse became mascot of the Royal Norwegian Navy, and then of all the Free Norwegian Forces. An iconic photograph of him wearing a Norwegian sailor's cap was used on patriotic Easter cards and Christmas cards during the war. The PDSA made him an official Allied Forces Mascot.",
"title": "Bamse (St. Bernard)"
}
] | [
0.21321244537830353,
0.02091008983552456,
0.2047039419412613,
0.08322698622941971,
0.08685579895973206,
0.26458740234375,
0.4597611725330353,
-0.29598721861839294,
0.29280784726142883,
0.2405450940132141,
0.0049410732463002205,
-0.1036834716796875,
-0.16403475403785706,
0.13888272643089294,
-0.2914373278617859,
-0.15483509004116058,
0.495361328125,
0.59423828125,
0.369659423828125,
0.07977017760276794,
-0.12758566439151764,
0.45481178164482117,
-0.08843855559825897,
0.004753806162625551,
-0.06721219420433044,
0.0005077015375718474,
0.2166803479194641,
0.2778209447860718,
0.01430996973067522,
0.4271129369735718,
0.22954073548316956,
0.05147344246506691,
-0.04936738312244415,
0.21974875032901764,
-0.32004615664482117,
0.04301660880446434,
0.021527377888560295,
0.05955366790294647,
0.006181890144944191,
0.1633245348930359,
-0.3256058990955353,
-0.01758592762053013,
0.1907958984375,
-0.14065828919410706,
0.31809303164482117,
-0.4940074682235718,
-0.055066194385290146,
0.28963956236839294,
-0.042574796825647354,
-0.017281489446759224,
-0.1810302734375,
0.18390169739723206,
-0.10469471663236618,
-0.1999567151069641,
-0.40408602356910706,
0.5665394067764282,
-0.06880846619606018,
0.8498313426971436,
0.26967552304267883,
-0.22037020325660706,
0.2804398834705353,
-0.1956787109375,
-0.03197826072573662,
-0.18293900787830353,
0.18300004303455353,
0.14863725006580353,
-0.11498815566301346,
0.25625887513160706,
0.14040304720401764,
0.1531316637992859,
0.05233209952712059,
0.5159135460853577,
0.49820223450660706,
0.24722567200660706,
0.09876875579357147,
-0.3863636255264282,
0.2673450708389282,
0.044176969677209854,
0.24053192138671875,
-0.22119140625,
0.3954967260360718,
-0.07626897841691971,
0.0027751922607421875,
0.3104081451892853,
-0.1620122790336609,
0.4021661877632141,
-0.16037264466285706,
0.36989524960517883,
0.23226651549339294,
0.4612260162830353,
-0.3790172338485718,
0.03043261356651783,
0.3574995696544647,
0.29141512513160706,
-0.27016380429267883,
0.2601762115955353,
0.08814308792352676,
-0.3621944189071655,
0.3676092028617859,
-0.2968195080757141,
0.3342950940132141,
-0.19810901582241058,
-0.16845703125,
0.20235928893089294,
-0.07254791259765625,
-0.3023681640625,
-0.6696555614471436,
-0.06229539215564728,
0.4142622649669647,
0.2487127184867859,
0.21821732819080353,
-0.2227783203125,
-0.17546497285366058,
0.3925115466117859,
0.45394620299339294,
0.3828568756580353,
0.35926124453544617,
-0.19865278899669647,
-0.20711447298526764,
-0.66064453125,
0.21647505462169647,
0.31283292174339294,
-0.25876685976982117,
-0.2527410387992859,
0.25832298398017883,
-0.2680220305919647,
0.48086825013160706,
0.0381106473505497,
0.6481711864471436,
0.9921875,
0.19133411347866058,
0.02750292606651783,
0.00492720166221261,
0.5607466101646423,
0.2754017114639282,
0.23860307037830353,
0.2552046477794647,
-0.21506570279598236,
0.10677962005138397,
-0.28927889466285706,
-0.13475729525089264,
-0.2821766138076782,
-0.09817782044410706,
0.5160245299339294,
-0.21950460970401764,
0.09000466018915176,
0.16453413665294647,
0.15640535950660706,
0.06135420501232147,
0.06238209083676338,
0.22233442962169647,
0.44637784361839294,
-0.03132490813732147,
0.4052068591117859,
0.27352073788642883,
-0.0151824951171875,
0.4171253442764282,
0.36965110898017883,
0.2878473401069641,
0.03057202510535717,
0.6986417174339294,
0.23401989042758942,
0.28261497616767883,
-0.7204368114471436,
0.4171697497367859,
0.31985750794410706,
0.10748013854026794,
0.3451371490955353,
0.6050248742103577,
-0.12055692076683044,
-0.13234086334705353,
-0.0562744140625,
0.39060279726982117,
0.15279318392276764,
-0.01909429393708706,
0.2726495862007141,
-0.4507612884044647,
-0.02206525020301342,
0.14573894441127777,
-0.29916104674339294,
0.09980566054582596,
0.49636009335517883,
0.7735706567764282,
0.06697671860456467,
0.6512784361839294,
0.36605557799339294,
-0.26260653138160706,
0.12017033249139786,
-0.18361039459705353,
0.5240145325660706,
0.19953502714633942,
0.020498795434832573,
0.41228416562080383,
-0.1330621838569641,
-0.2515203356742859,
0.31668367981910706,
-0.2571910619735718,
0.13222433626651764,
0.042671896517276764,
0.26772239804267883,
0.10413707047700882,
0.21208606660366058,
-0.5835404992103577,
0.039072729647159576,
0.3380903899669647,
-0.28847435116767883,
-0.33822354674339294,
-0.08361504226922989,
-0.3118119537830353,
-0.05965215340256691,
-0.23517955839633942,
0.01765892654657364,
0.328125,
-0.05947737395763397,
-0.09076482802629471,
0.24453458189964294,
-0.3912797272205353,
0.06329900771379471,
0.4508777856826782,
-0.026130329817533493,
-0.21696887910366058,
0.5824751257896423,
-0.03709273040294647,
-0.17912153899669647,
0.15754561126232147,
-0.15657182037830353,
-0.3433394134044647,
-0.48348721861839294,
-0.03064068965613842,
0.4866832494735718,
0.2638993561267853,
0.2378595471382141,
0.0801239013671875,
-0.09073431044816971,
0.23128439486026764,
0.11023504287004471,
0.3655228912830353,
-0.17452725768089294,
-0.24977250397205353,
-0.17269758880138397,
0.1521551012992859,
-0.35391512513160706,
-0.10335748642683029,
-0.08056779205799103,
0.36911842226982117,
-0.00900754053145647,
0.027279941365122795,
-0.10870638489723206,
-0.2768998444080353,
-0.2992054224014282,
0.023798031732439995,
-0.2501935064792633,
0.2755570709705353,
0.4888139069080353,
-0.09968636184930801,
0.19205544888973236,
0.12959428131580353,
0.3535045385360718,
-0.22390928864479065,
0.5752397179603577,
0.042566992342472076,
0.4070601165294647,
0.30044832825660706,
0.23649458587169647,
0.10346429795026779,
0.012946388684213161,
-0.07407587021589279,
0.5562855005264282,
0.06795432418584824,
0.3018355071544647,
0.4427379369735718,
-0.5836070775985718,
0.12527050077915192,
0.045615456998348236,
-0.21075439453125,
-0.3026871979236603,
-0.0631152093410492,
-0.05526871979236603,
-0.4703480005264282,
0.5845836400985718,
0.27084073424339294,
0.11028220504522324,
-0.06249479949474335,
0.1787775158882141,
0.44970703125,
-0.0041658226400613785,
0.14148226380348206,
0.25206688046455383,
-0.18465353548526764,
-0.19005237519741058,
0.4613592028617859,
0.5431907176971436,
-0.2537730932235718,
-0.03513089194893837,
-0.193267822265625,
-0.09720611572265625,
0.2935125231742859,
0.4412064850330353,
0.11762861907482147,
-0.0192108154296875,
0.8565340638160706,
-0.34787818789482117,
0.4158380627632141,
-0.10397755354642868,
0.18166837096214294,
-0.3306773900985718,
-0.23387561738491058,
-0.1718999743461609,
-0.153564453125,
0.06793629378080368,
0.20613791048526764,
-0.3755548596382141,
-0.0706213191151619,
0.17289595305919647,
0.07767347991466522,
0.012368635274469852,
0.07932212203741074,
-0.024829518049955368,
0.43423739075660706,
0.16447864472866058,
0.3936767578125,
0.013646906241774559,
-0.39364346861839294,
-0.17453280091285706,
0.3491987884044647,
-0.37357398867607117,
0.1176910400390625,
-0.51708984375,
0.5126065611839294,
0.13466714322566986,
0.7400124073028564,
-0.08247999846935272,
-0.380859375,
0.025120127946138382,
-0.09522316604852676,
0.18664273619651794,
0.18739596009254456,
0.24378551542758942,
0.004889748524874449,
-0.3689630627632141,
-0.07786143571138382,
0.014925176277756691,
-0.13656893372535706,
0.3553355932235718,
-0.031409524381160736,
0.2411554455757141,
0.04029048606753349,
0.1638738512992859,
0.5660955309867859,
0.022398514673113823,
0.5018421411514282,
0.13821163773536682,
-0.2406005859375,
0.02575087547302246,
0.47298917174339294,
-0.11910386383533478,
0.18274202942848206,
-0.3464910387992859,
-0.02866363525390625,
-0.29720792174339294,
0.39657315611839294,
0.19895242154598236,
0.29483309388160706,
0.11558949202299118,
0.27004173398017883,
0.0956219732761383,
0.07675725966691971,
-0.2849898040294647,
-0.20475630462169647,
-0.036799777299165726,
-0.05683673545718193,
-0.12493896484375,
0.47951439023017883,
0.1957452893257141,
-0.4715021252632141,
-0.34335049986839294,
0.05406327545642853,
0.32333096861839294,
0.39510831236839294,
0.10784912109375,
0.20906759798526764,
0.6513227820396423,
0.052046820521354675,
-0.004612315911799669,
-0.047997213900089264,
-0.08716929703950882,
0.024504227563738823,
0.2012939453125,
0.4021661877632141,
-0.19685502350330353,
0.7906605005264282,
-0.0840911865234375,
-0.23891934752464294,
-0.2289380133152008,
-0.31741610169410706,
0.13717374205589294,
0.008323322981595993,
0.6005415320396423,
0.36049583554267883,
0.07427007704973221,
0.3268599212169647,
0.18156294524669647,
0.22705078125,
0.31662818789482117,
4.1653056144714355,
0.0039048627950251102,
0.04102518409490585,
0.18693958222866058,
-0.013671875,
0.4901677966117859,
0.09364735335111618,
-0.062365446239709854,
0.0011797818588092923,
0.17894674837589264,
-0.19545675814151764,
0.3311878442764282,
0.15937666594982147,
0.31063565611839294,
-0.11699884384870529,
0.056780729442834854,
0.30245694518089294,
-0.08632243424654007,
0.0008038607775233686,
0.42056551575660706,
-0.3235973119735718,
0.08812644332647324,
0.44595614075660706,
-0.18568558990955353,
0.8280362486839294,
0.09294960647821426,
0.00787839014083147,
0.014409845694899559,
0.3492320775985718,
-0.13624157011508942,
0.30477628111839294,
0.1642511487007141,
-0.08586952835321426,
0.019321788102388382,
-0.90771484375,
0.18564675748348236,
0.2671564221382141,
0.14892578125,
-0.00884021446108818,
0.026940779760479927,
-0.22315563261508942,
-0.17697420716285706,
0.4734996557235718,
0.5817205309867859,
0.23268266022205353,
0.234619140625,
0.08246378600597382,
0.32497337460517883,
0.5943270325660706,
-0.07067316025495529,
0.45339134335517883,
-0.31418678164482117,
0.034219786524772644,
-0.036507345736026764,
0.3674982190132141,
0.5609685778617859,
0.3193359375,
0.3522172272205353,
0.24569424986839294,
0.04995588958263397,
-0.14747494459152222,
0.11983975768089294,
0.45017310976982117,
0.14329667389392853,
0.1221032589673996,
-0.07662686705589294,
0.22349964082241058,
0.5456098914146423,
0.09995616227388382,
-0.25117892026901245,
-0.07727952301502228,
0.3265935778617859,
-0.00019142845121677965,
-0.09313132613897324,
0.3483997583389282,
-0.03251786530017853,
-0.20094437897205353,
-0.23899148404598236,
0.0063982876017689705,
-0.022957541048526764,
0.10922657698392868,
-0.36452415585517883,
0.004200328607112169,
0.4401189684867859,
-0.07059270888566971,
0.5084117650985718,
-0.0010903098154813051,
-0.49673739075660706,
0.4925426244735718,
-0.145294189453125,
0.2637495696544647,
0.1112060546875,
0.03867340087890625,
0.05891557037830353,
0.09714300185441971,
-0.05098347365856171,
-0.061630748212337494,
-3.9866831302642822,
-0.15802001953125,
-0.14857621490955353,
-0.028723977506160736,
0.1970159411430359,
-0.1485040783882141,
0.04188789054751396,
-0.28176048398017883,
-0.6185635924339294,
0.4860728979110718,
-0.4604935944080353,
0.0783209353685379,
-0.3314930200576782,
0.49904564023017883,
0.2273504137992859,
0.2621293365955353,
-0.2878307104110718,
0.239013671875,
0.09970582276582718,
-0.32485130429267883,
0.006836284417659044,
0.22291149199008942,
0.3160511255264282,
-0.40011873841285706,
-0.014878706075251102,
0.26889869570732117,
0.2776988744735718,
-0.3720703125,
-0.27236106991767883,
-0.10712086409330368,
-0.024002768099308014,
0.4815118908882141,
0.347900390625,
-0.2533069849014282,
-0.1366479992866516,
0.4458673596382141,
0.4350391626358032,
0.04591716453433037,
0.06015569344162941,
0.11148417741060257,
0.1921941637992859,
0.34878817200660706,
0.20840731263160706,
0.20028409361839294,
-0.06481686234474182,
-0.09917935729026794,
-0.11415238678455353,
0.03437146171927452,
0.03357845917344093,
0.06944899260997772,
0.38052645325660706,
0.18883167207241058,
0.09050334244966507,
-0.282470703125,
0.7853782176971436,
-0.07996784895658493,
0.05403691902756691,
-0.1639043688774109,
0.13290266692638397,
0.11387911438941956,
-0.05549454689025879,
-0.27456942200660706,
0.07643404603004456,
0.11173976212739944,
0.31783780455589294,
0.29372337460517883,
0.03693407401442528,
0.3428844213485718,
-0.033282194286584854,
-0.2855973541736603,
-0.2356012463569641,
0.023964621126651764,
0.17159757018089294,
0.46805086731910706,
0.06072859466075897,
0.05346818268299103,
0.010535934008657932,
-0.02198566123843193,
0.4615367650985718,
0.12618307769298553,
0.032222747802734375,
0.23222212493419647,
-0.3606622815132141,
0.6293057799339294,
2.2683770656585693,
0.448486328125,
2.2174184322357178,
0.6048917174339294,
0.009377219714224339,
0.36214932799339294,
-0.6483043432235718,
0.22636274993419647,
0.06753366440534592,
-0.12262517958879471,
0.2451116442680359,
0.40835848450660706,
0.042561616748571396,
0.3397993743419647,
-0.2067815661430359,
-0.043805208057165146,
0.42629173398017883,
-0.9115989208221436,
0.06069391593337059,
-0.4683727025985718,
0.16814908385276794,
-0.09740829467773438,
-0.13347555696964264,
0.15032126009464264,
0.2615467309951782,
0.0638885498046875,
-0.22865988314151764,
-0.1572931408882141,
0.09107832610607147,
-0.050971291959285736,
-0.07029585540294647,
-0.05318320915102959,
0.2766668200492859,
-0.09839248657226562,
-0.0643157958984375,
0.22203479707241058,
-0.10743886977434158,
4.705965995788574,
0.05421031638979912,
-0.3230535387992859,
0.2761785387992859,
-0.02001745067536831,
0.4564319849014282,
0.3253728747367859,
0.03251786530017853,
0.12074973434209824,
0.3119007349014282,
0.4317626953125,
0.17412012815475464,
0.015366294421255589,
-0.24818004667758942,
0.009417100809514523,
0.35935279726982117,
0.22187943756580353,
0.16102184355258942,
0.1365106701850891,
-0.06876442581415176,
0.373779296875,
-0.5994983911514282,
0.19603104889392853,
0.008324363268911839,
0.004899631720036268,
0.09630515426397324,
0.23979048430919647,
-0.3987926244735718,
-0.0029828764963895082,
0.1277368664741516,
0.13699617981910706,
5.485440254211426,
0.08040272444486618,
0.2714954614639282,
-0.3376353979110718,
0.1398468017578125,
0.24495072662830353,
-0.2783092260360718,
-0.3520618677139282,
-0.18206509947776794,
-0.03046625293791294,
-0.0202484130859375,
0.38295677304267883,
-0.22187943756580353,
0.5058372020721436,
0.24638228118419647,
0.2643182873725891,
-0.44833096861839294,
-0.13667713105678558,
0.3547807037830353,
0.025789780542254448,
0.35653963685035706,
0.2649591565132141,
-0.33017799258232117,
-0.5839399695396423,
-0.23640857636928558,
-0.11603892594575882,
0.5446111559867859,
-0.2374933362007141,
0.012964855879545212,
-0.09083973616361618,
0.4007013440132141,
0.22895397245883942,
-0.08045803755521774,
0.36281517148017883,
-0.2340753674507141,
0.09242387115955353,
0.25351783633232117,
0.09298012405633926,
0.2525440454483032,
0.06326901167631149,
0.23112349212169647,
0.11264593154191971,
0.17284323275089264,
-0.028683749958872795,
0.06886551529169083,
-0.2692427337169647,
0.06929848343133926,
0.004077911376953125,
-0.09318958967924118,
-0.2831476330757141,
0.006369851063936949,
0.010167902335524559,
0.8114346861839294,
-0.2261907458305359,
0.40087890625,
0.5213068127632141,
-0.07558371871709824,
0.04225783050060272,
0.2807117700576782,
-0.15707674622535706,
0.5767267346382141,
0.1634521484375,
0.10278528183698654,
0.3477894067764282,
0.40305396914482117,
-0.20895108580589294,
0.10282620787620544,
0.08111710846424103,
0.7267844676971436,
-0.3479114770889282,
0.08283970504999161,
0.17169007658958435,
-0.049942709505558014,
0.089080810546875,
-0.25582054257392883,
-0.26541414856910706,
0.2625011205673218,
0.026025598868727684,
-0.008566423319280148,
0.08004205673933029,
-0.19242720305919647,
-0.3607732653617859,
-0.5352672338485718,
-0.2418212890625,
-0.10885307937860489,
0.08538956940174103,
-0.23043130338191986,
-0.017838912084698677,
0.4512162506580353,
0.5355335474014282,
0.21877218782901764,
0.09363348037004471,
0.09727339446544647,
0.33242520689964294,
0.08654265105724335,
0.19546093046665192,
0.31588467955589294,
0.4851517975330353,
-0.08493874222040176,
0.25052157044410706,
0.16004538536071777,
0.22776101529598236,
0.10391790419816971,
-0.3287464380264282,
0.22025369107723236,
0.06448710709810257,
0.3607843518257141,
0.008507468737661839,
0.39999112486839294,
0.07104440033435822,
0.23518510162830353,
0.552978515625,
0.08687539398670197,
0.123931884765625,
-0.10773675888776779
] |
25 | How many permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are there? | [
{
"docid": "349284#8",
"text": "As of July 2011, there are currently 193 members of the United Nations and five permanent members of the Security Council. The other ten seats are assigned amongst the remaining 188 members. As a result, many members have never been on the Security Council. The following list is a summary of all countries, currently 68 modern nations and three historical ones, that have never been a member of the United Nations Security Council. The three historical UN members listed are Tanganyika, Zanzibar, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.",
"title": "List of members of the United Nations Security Council"
},
{
"docid": "31956#27",
"text": "Along with the five permanent members, the Security Council of the United Nations has temporary members that hold their seats on a rotating basis by geographic region. Non-permanent members may be involved in global security briefings. In its first two decades, the Security Council had six non-permanent members, the first of which were Australia, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Poland. In 1965, the number of non-permanent members was expanded to ten.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council"
},
{
"docid": "36480350#0",
"text": "The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China (formerly the Republic of China), France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries were all allies in World War II, which they won. They are also all nuclear weapons states. A total of 15 UN member states serve on the UNSC, the remainder of which are elected. Any one of the five permanent members have the power of veto, which enables them to prevent the adoption of any \"substantive\" draft Council resolution, regardless of its level of international support.",
"title": "Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council"
},
{
"docid": "349284#0",
"text": "Membership of the United Nations Security Council is held by the five permanent members and ten elected, non-permanent members. Prior to 1966, there were six elected members, while the permanent members have in essence not changed since the creation of the United Nations in 1945, apart from the representation of China. Elected members hold their place on the Council for a two-year term, and half of these places are contested each year. To ensure geographical continuity, a certain number of members is allocated for each of the five UN regional groupings.In addition, one of the non-permanent members of the council is an Arab country, alternately from the African or Asia-Pacific groups. This rule was added to the system in 1967 for it to be applied beginning with 1968.",
"title": "List of members of the United Nations Security Council"
},
{
"docid": "31956#2",
"text": "The Security Council consists of fifteen members. The great powers that were the victors of World War II—the Soviet Union (now represented by Russia), the United Kingdom, France, China, and the United States—serve as the body's five permanent members. These permanent members can veto any substantive Security Council resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or candidates for Secretary-General. The Security Council also has 10 non-permanent members, elected on a regional basis to serve two-year terms. The body's presidency rotates monthly among its members.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council"
},
{
"docid": "31956#49",
"text": "Scholar Sudhir Chella Rajan argued in 2006 that the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, who are all nuclear powers, have created an exclusive nuclear club that predominately addresses the strategic interests and political motives of the permanent members—for example, protecting the oil-rich Kuwaitis in 1991 but poorly protecting resource-poor Rwandans in 1994. Since three of the five permanent members are also European, and four are predominantly white Western nations, the Security Council has been described as a pillar of global apartheid by Titus Alexander, former Chair of Westminster United Nations Association.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council"
},
{
"docid": "216034#6",
"text": "There are 15 members of the Security Council, consisting of five veto-wielding permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 elected non-permanent members with two-year terms. This basic structure is set out in Chapter V of the UN Charter. Security Council members must always be present at UN headquarters in New York so that the Security Council can meet at any time.",
"title": "United Nations System"
},
{
"docid": "3205508#2",
"text": "Because Charter amendments require the consent of all five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—defined in Article 23 of the Charter as \"The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States\"—it is impossible for other UN member states to force the permanent five to give up their Security Council 'veto power', by means of a Charter amendment. Many reformers have described this situation as a Catch-22. According to Global Policy Forum, \"the P-5 are content with the present arrangements and oppose any changes that might dilute or challenge their power or expand their 'club.' China has already announced it will block permanent membership for Japan, and the United States has suggested that it will only support Council reform that commands an implausibly 'broad consensus'\".",
"title": "Amendments to the United Nations Charter"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "88805#9",
"text": "1. The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.",
"title": "Charter of the United Nations"
},
{
"docid": "33417653#0",
"text": "The 2015 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 2015 during the 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2016.\nIn accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows:The five members will serve on the Security Council for the 2016–17 period. The countries elected were Egypt, Senegal, Uruguay, Japan, and Ukraine. In each vote there were as many vacancies as there were candidates on the ballot.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council election, 2015"
}
] | [
0.40727537870407104,
0.004571024794131517,
-0.12882639467716217,
0.12983398139476776,
-0.012804234400391579,
-0.15410207211971283,
0.34945476055145264,
-0.2576334774494171,
-0.0038614908698946238,
0.44707030057907104,
-0.27285563945770264,
-0.09182656556367874,
-0.09048029780387878,
-0.21434733271598816,
-0.22253011167049408,
-0.0042165121994912624,
0.48002928495407104,
0.10550740361213684,
-0.09173380583524704,
0.12185058742761612,
-0.04960377886891365,
0.5492187738418579,
-0.17078857123851776,
0.048103079199790955,
-0.013797887600958347,
-0.31475257873535156,
0.030353864654898643,
0.4151204526424408,
-0.39468586444854736,
0.09140370786190033,
0.35346680879592896,
0.11715037375688553,
-0.23052978515625,
0.4073852598667145,
-0.4248860776424408,
0.08815867453813553,
-0.02117919921875,
0.22569580376148224,
0.2147623747587204,
0.20982156693935394,
-0.2184499055147171,
0.4981445372104645,
-0.0030410767067223787,
-0.45421549677848816,
0.24746093153953552,
-0.06096700206398964,
-0.03182271495461464,
-0.12058054655790329,
-0.07486012578010559,
-0.17156778275966644,
0.062422942370176315,
-0.13345031440258026,
-0.23078612983226776,
0.009578196331858635,
-0.5225830078125,
0.42013347148895264,
0.014532851986587048,
0.6308919191360474,
0.30391088128089905,
-0.16566060483455658,
0.5280598998069763,
0.27788084745407104,
-0.1599578857421875,
-0.01133753452450037,
0.17137350142002106,
0.30860188603401184,
-0.30622559785842896,
-0.01597900316119194,
0.15961100161075592,
0.45268553495407104,
0.23463541269302368,
0.36571452021598816,
0.6689127683639526,
0.13264122605323792,
-0.23893533647060394,
0.1254475861787796,
0.2719563841819763,
0.003221003105863929,
0.38715821504592896,
-0.016804758459329605,
0.4324381649494171,
-0.11127929389476776,
-0.28891193866729736,
0.19689026474952698,
-0.10709889978170395,
0.4359537661075592,
-0.05578752979636192,
0.06063232570886612,
0.49353840947151184,
0.7917643189430237,
-0.11556892096996307,
0.4258463680744171,
-0.21312662959098816,
-0.11471354216337204,
0.34062498807907104,
0.10165049135684967,
0.42802733182907104,
-0.31421101093292236,
0.2647135555744171,
-0.07326539605855942,
-0.012889353558421135,
-0.26953125,
0.02423909492790699,
0.4693440794944763,
0.3909260928630829,
-0.3860514461994171,
-0.47514647245407104,
-0.22743326425552368,
0.14285379648208618,
0.12521769106388092,
0.04132894054055214,
-0.06560719758272171,
-0.05934957042336464,
0.04548950120806694,
0.18915405869483948,
-0.044421833008527756,
0.2710694968700409,
-0.3313232362270355,
-0.5351318120956421,
-0.824902355670929,
0.14892426133155823,
0.1295674592256546,
-0.13576863706111908,
0.18754476308822632,
-0.1113179549574852,
0.11820627748966217,
0.4322265684604645,
-0.25318196415901184,
0.5667317509651184,
0.29705810546875,
0.1092124953866005,
0.22408142685890198,
-0.08853378146886826,
0.5907064080238342,
0.3340901732444763,
0.5661295652389526,
0.5101073980331421,
-0.24930013716220856,
0.07791557163000107,
-0.3473469913005829,
-0.18494872748851776,
-0.42138671875,
-0.2951416075229645,
0.5657551884651184,
-0.05436350405216217,
-0.17351074516773224,
0.14025166630744934,
-0.023040771484375,
-0.24834594130516052,
0.15968221426010132,
0.41622722148895264,
0.5330728888511658,
-0.17729085683822632,
0.4091959595680237,
-0.11153704673051834,
0.3441731631755829,
0.30441081523895264,
0.27316081523895264,
0.27660319209098816,
0.23917846381664276,
0.7706054449081421,
0.31193846464157104,
0.1482810378074646,
0.405029296875,
0.25920817255973816,
0.18505859375,
-0.20441894233226776,
0.21527099609375,
0.5980468988418579,
-0.16652730107307434,
-0.09826159477233887,
0.4273112118244171,
-0.07499001920223236,
-0.14778035879135132,
0.4297526180744171,
0.10129750519990921,
-0.07706362754106522,
-0.05862121656537056,
0.5010660886764526,
0.20737305283546448,
0.4108235538005829,
0.05897636339068413,
0.20770670473575592,
0.07636210322380066,
0.5931314826011658,
0.04305114597082138,
-0.20128580927848816,
0.08439432829618454,
-0.1542261689901352,
0.11674702912569046,
0.13594360649585724,
-0.21307067573070526,
0.6169148683547974,
0.011477661319077015,
0.4861491024494171,
0.23334960639476776,
-0.017990367487072945,
0.22468261420726776,
0.07494456321001053,
0.4844726622104645,
-0.052506573498249054,
0.013608042150735855,
-0.16599935293197632,
0.10377918928861618,
0.39973145723342896,
-0.36800944805145264,
-0.20783284306526184,
-0.1620446741580963,
-0.20791421830654144,
-0.3877929747104645,
0.10866037756204605,
0.11009521782398224,
0.01436767540872097,
-0.2640787661075592,
-0.05819753184914589,
0.36691081523895264,
0.39254558086395264,
0.08046366274356842,
0.3719645142555237,
-0.10764363408088684,
-0.0955914780497551,
0.45947265625,
0.02842610701918602,
-0.008022562600672245,
-0.21258951723575592,
-0.06264546513557434,
-0.2143147736787796,
-0.12325236201286316,
0.06390482932329178,
0.24480387568473816,
0.23211465775966644,
0.4055989682674408,
0.0837198868393898,
-0.10776672512292862,
0.5557291507720947,
0.3980956971645355,
-0.02030232734978199,
0.121063232421875,
-0.01832510717213154,
0.033922769129276276,
0.4225097596645355,
0.03180046007037163,
-0.3793131411075592,
0.2519429624080658,
0.32901203632354736,
-0.6333821415901184,
0.20516535639762878,
0.23742471635341644,
-0.4535318911075592,
0.1007080078125,
0.3002522885799408,
-0.14944584667682648,
0.2876119017601013,
0.4824056029319763,
-0.10520832985639572,
0.32482096552848816,
0.4546875059604645,
-0.015317026525735855,
-0.01308288611471653,
0.3066568970680237,
-0.16644287109375,
-0.011453756131231785,
0.15598958730697632,
-0.14178466796875,
0.14932657778263092,
0.18015772104263306,
0.26895344257354736,
0.3805501163005829,
0.04025370255112648,
-0.009274228475987911,
0.612988293170929,
-0.12106005102396011,
0.1212514266371727,
-0.228179931640625,
-0.23271484673023224,
-0.16843464970588684,
-0.18385213613510132,
0.17310790717601776,
-0.506640613079071,
0.2871439754962921,
0.1978352814912796,
-0.22380828857421875,
-0.16187743842601776,
0.07244873046875,
-0.07051900029182434,
0.09040629118680954,
-0.4867594540119171,
0.20623168349266052,
-0.4223470091819763,
-0.022003173828125,
-0.009791310876607895,
0.5708821415901184,
-0.24562785029411316,
-0.22947998344898224,
0.21816253662109375,
0.6543294191360474,
0.2721354067325592,
0.18219350278377533,
0.2410888671875,
0.0542348213493824,
0.6293619871139526,
-0.4260091185569763,
0.5099121332168579,
0.005664571188390255,
0.12030639499425888,
-0.3669677674770355,
0.02793111838400364,
0.05475400388240814,
0.1862085908651352,
0.49189454317092896,
0.180417001247406,
-0.19202473759651184,
-0.2558227479457855,
0.07153981178998947,
0.19477945566177368,
0.2598225772380829,
0.4013509154319763,
-0.08645579218864441,
0.11660292744636536,
-0.04200948029756546,
-0.30997568368911743,
0.08386128395795822,
-0.4129394590854645,
0.11141662299633026,
0.033661652356386185,
-0.5182057619094849,
0.13994649052619934,
-0.29960936307907104,
0.7269856929779053,
0.6680338382720947,
0.011684163473546505,
0.5203531980514526,
-0.5821940302848816,
-0.02548319473862648,
-0.21214193105697632,
0.3973958194255829,
-0.05631764605641365,
0.32803547382354736,
0.06443379819393158,
-0.20306116342544556,
0.08946418762207031,
0.284423828125,
0.01114629115909338,
0.33161622285842896,
-0.26550090312957764,
0.14761556684970856,
0.25458577275276184,
0.3642008602619171,
0.3929036557674408,
-0.10630010068416595,
-0.004813130479305983,
-0.01784769631922245,
-0.07184906303882599,
-0.00643183384090662,
0.24442341923713684,
-0.23920491337776184,
0.5494222044944763,
0.29535725712776184,
0.4938313663005829,
-0.31884765625,
0.03053741529583931,
0.4151041805744171,
-0.16453145444393158,
0.23757730424404144,
0.29263508319854736,
0.06453298032283783,
0.16335855424404144,
0.06415761262178421,
-0.14788512885570526,
-0.05298067629337311,
0.16911520063877106,
0.11917317658662796,
0.05052286759018898,
0.16915689408779144,
-0.21259155869483948,
-0.4141601622104645,
0.2389322966337204,
0.32812702655792236,
0.410888671875,
-0.10368601232767105,
-0.32091471552848816,
0.5576009154319763,
0.0847320556640625,
-0.22423502802848816,
-0.0365549735724926,
-0.08671010285615921,
0.01055221538990736,
0.40340983867645264,
-0.22403158247470856,
0.21833088994026184,
-0.03495689854025841,
-0.2602132260799408,
-0.28874510526657104,
-0.49520671367645264,
0.09753621369600296,
-0.2693684995174408,
-0.2660929262638092,
0.2750691771507263,
0.24671223759651184,
0.01713002473115921,
0.21826171875,
0.31729328632354736,
-0.015797169879078865,
0.354248046875,
4.169661521911621,
0.2753743529319763,
0.039296723902225494,
0.3040323853492737,
0.05009053647518158,
-0.17639566957950592,
0.21197916567325592,
-0.25903522968292236,
-0.17295023798942566,
0.013097126968204975,
0.13464151322841644,
0.2531697452068329,
-0.14832356572151184,
-0.00810343399643898,
0.08055928349494934,
0.12596741318702698,
0.33454591035842896,
0.0454508475959301,
0.3100952208042145,
0.18883565068244934,
-0.31489259004592896,
0.2660726010799408,
0.23167318105697632,
0.39148762822151184,
0.23226317763328552,
0.3460449278354645,
0.051402125507593155,
0.3247111141681671,
0.23674316704273224,
-0.15674032270908356,
0.6528645753860474,
0.32398274540901184,
0.3205932676792145,
-0.17706094682216644,
-0.5545735955238342,
0.1503656953573227,
0.4236491024494171,
0.2686198055744171,
-0.13340555131435394,
0.16162313520908356,
-0.34518229961395264,
-0.15883077681064606,
0.3162394165992737,
0.5846191644668579,
0.12342224270105362,
0.3612304627895355,
0.13924814760684967,
0.5080403685569763,
0.0817515030503273,
0.04915059357881546,
0.1537965089082718,
-0.4244628846645355,
0.043593090027570724,
-0.2567382752895355,
0.3827962279319763,
0.5956705808639526,
0.2615804076194763,
0.6005533933639526,
0.12943853437900543,
0.29863688349723816,
0.200286865234375,
-0.04914499819278717,
0.36022326350212097,
-0.0766499862074852,
-0.34873658418655396,
-0.3253580629825592,
-0.02419586107134819,
0.45594075322151184,
0.1254221647977829,
-0.07161153107881546,
0.29991504549980164,
0.33618977665901184,
0.017059326171875,
-0.3350585997104645,
0.3039794862270355,
0.4273437559604645,
-0.49313151836395264,
0.022606488317251205,
-0.13110758364200592,
-0.15953776240348816,
0.06331177055835724,
-0.22110748291015625,
-0.0968119278550148,
0.17678934335708618,
-0.025805028155446053,
0.4972167909145355,
0.20636087656021118,
-0.4683593809604645,
0.38359373807907104,
-0.043286386877298355,
0.19122314453125,
0.0339762382209301,
0.15335896611213684,
-0.10197550803422928,
-0.047537993639707565,
0.01223831158131361,
0.1543680876493454,
-3.9522135257720947,
0.20032145082950592,
0.08359959721565247,
-0.27666014432907104,
0.07032419741153717,
-0.22948405146598816,
-0.30375975370407104,
0.30014240741729736,
-0.11907856911420822,
-0.01674296148121357,
-0.19151204824447632,
-0.2708740234375,
-0.528515636920929,
0.32320404052734375,
-0.09903920441865921,
0.4653564393520355,
0.4013834595680237,
0.4276774227619171,
0.039289601147174835,
-0.15186360478401184,
-0.0177179966121912,
0.3455403745174408,
0.41370442509651184,
0.01863301545381546,
-0.08471476286649704,
0.31853026151657104,
-0.02934468537569046,
-0.34388020634651184,
-0.0584360770881176,
0.026237742975354195,
-0.04602355882525444,
0.3185221254825592,
0.4637695252895355,
-0.11666463315486908,
0.09135640412569046,
0.5236246585845947,
0.6978352665901184,
0.21245066821575165,
0.33024901151657104,
0.32083332538604736,
-0.23355713486671448,
-0.19759419560432434,
0.40770670771598816,
0.22386068105697632,
0.06810862571001053,
0.2839151918888092,
-0.043307747691869736,
0.12324117124080658,
-0.15045166015625,
-0.01757303811609745,
0.5162760615348816,
0.3234700560569763,
0.10690714418888092,
0.06537500768899918,
0.4721842408180237,
-0.4197428524494171,
0.21947021782398224,
0.1708831787109375,
0.6425455808639526,
0.3406168520450592,
0.06376698613166809,
-0.25476327538490295,
0.08086954802274704,
0.1242726668715477,
0.04455617442727089,
-0.36788737773895264,
0.5072591304779053,
0.3194437623023987,
0.6747884154319763,
-0.21129150688648224,
-0.08047561347484589,
0.2781005799770355,
0.2155558317899704,
-0.39468586444854736,
0.13940252363681793,
-0.04065348207950592,
-0.18081869184970856,
0.19977620244026184,
0.4654785096645355,
0.3062642514705658,
-0.22035522758960724,
0.2692098021507263,
-0.4810384213924408,
-0.0017139434348791838,
2.0221354961395264,
0.5053873658180237,
2.0781900882720947,
0.7594401240348816,
-0.08252055197954178,
0.12470194697380066,
-0.17723998427391052,
0.25863850116729736,
0.03716786578297615,
0.13080444931983948,
0.14616189897060394,
-0.09907938539981842,
0.010695536620914936,
0.5734049677848816,
0.09192351996898651,
-0.01531982421875,
0.2706665098667145,
-1.136376976966858,
-0.00413462333381176,
-0.4223226010799408,
0.5260254144668579,
0.07218627631664276,
-0.06520386040210724,
0.04136047512292862,
-0.1393742859363556,
-0.10023130476474762,
0.044378917664289474,
-0.24238280951976776,
0.08727823942899704,
-0.4345051944255829,
-0.2196757048368454,
-0.3057698607444763,
0.5567382574081421,
0.7249837517738342,
-0.15527139604091644,
0.10127004235982895,
-0.13274434208869934,
4.67578125,
0.323965460062027,
0.0816752091050148,
-0.052213478833436966,
0.2076260894536972,
0.01738179475069046,
0.3629719913005829,
0.06186370924115181,
-0.09662678837776184,
0.20751546323299408,
0.32898762822151184,
0.36376139521598816,
0.2897786498069763,
-0.03321825712919235,
0.02346293069422245,
0.579541027545929,
0.2647135555744171,
0.1363273561000824,
0.3372802734375,
-0.03878224641084671,
0.5985189080238342,
-0.27871906757354736,
-0.31307780742645264,
-0.12859700620174408,
0.2510782778263092,
-0.001049041748046875,
0.38561198115348816,
-0.013393242843449116,
-0.04582061618566513,
-0.02731424942612648,
0.20679931342601776,
5.544531345367432,
-0.26959228515625,
0.3467203676700592,
0.019620131701231003,
-0.015975316986441612,
0.21308593451976776,
-0.47903645038604736,
-0.33438313007354736,
0.01930745504796505,
-0.015171051025390625,
-0.188761904835701,
0.19796548783779144,
-0.40042316913604736,
0.41375732421875,
-0.1806584745645523,
0.23372802138328552,
-0.3218017518520355,
-0.24768880009651184,
-0.23243814706802368,
-0.40026041865348816,
0.494873046875,
-0.08247680962085724,
-0.07510057836771011,
-0.5739095211029053,
-0.11337483674287796,
0.004412841983139515,
-0.11947937309741974,
-0.24810791015625,
-0.15957336127758026,
0.20472411811351776,
0.2734212279319763,
0.5957356691360474,
0.30271199345588684,
0.2573648989200592,
-0.08906402438879013,
0.1417185515165329,
0.2029469758272171,
-0.01668701134622097,
0.12838540971279144,
0.08722534030675888,
0.4173014461994171,
-0.01626179926097393,
-0.013214111328125,
-0.025337474420666695,
-0.1323518455028534,
-0.02529602125287056,
0.07490260154008865,
0.1220499649643898,
-0.043161772191524506,
-0.14814656972885132,
0.08167826384305954,
0.1104380264878273,
0.9809244871139526,
-0.06051534041762352,
0.08235371857881546,
0.33741047978401184,
0.16226297616958618,
-0.036878205835819244,
-0.04788363724946976,
-0.09951375424861908,
0.2746520936489105,
0.36705729365348816,
0.0014120101695880294,
0.33373209834098816,
0.4823404848575592,
0.06987164914608002,
0.6538248658180237,
-0.047593433409929276,
0.4903808534145355,
-0.0019968668930232525,
-0.03485107421875,
0.02928059920668602,
-0.1926366239786148,
0.0278447475284338,
0.1141001358628273,
0.40007221698760986,
0.39149171113967896,
-0.1535957306623459,
0.41036784648895264,
-0.08741480857133865,
-0.21523436903953552,
-0.4376790225505829,
-0.3370605409145355,
-0.2971964478492737,
-0.04047037661075592,
-0.02549571916460991,
-0.16778157651424408,
-0.1448211669921875,
0.40072429180145264,
0.32829588651657104,
0.0603434257209301,
0.1525522917509079,
-0.20565591752529144,
0.6927408576011658,
-0.00634791050106287,
-0.07562217861413956,
0.09094848483800888,
0.35018718242645264,
-0.0748036727309227,
0.06263834983110428,
0.17716166377067566,
0.46617838740348816,
0.220245361328125,
-0.1976420134305954,
0.1973876953125,
0.15634766221046448,
-0.3597005307674408,
0.3202555477619171,
-0.22685343027114868,
0.15107421576976776,
0.2141927033662796,
0.21582438051700592,
0.075958251953125,
0.06812947243452072,
-0.24859212338924408
] |
26 | Who created the Gundam animated series? | [
{
"docid": "253053#6",
"text": "\"Mobile Fighter G Gundam\" was produced by Sunrise in association with advertising agencies Sotsu and Dentsu, and toy company Bandai. The series was created to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the \"Gundam\" franchise, created by Yoshiyuki Tomino in 1979. \"G Gundam\" was directed by Yasuhiro Imagawa, known for his work on the \"Giant Robo\" and \"Getter Robo Armageddon\" original video animations (OVAs). \"G Gundam\" was chiefly written and supervised by Fuyunori Gobu, a veteran screenwriter for various Sunrise properties such as \"Shippū! Iron Leaguer\" and \"The King of Braves GaoGaiGar\". Many of the principal production crew members for \"G Gundam\" were carried over the previous season's \"Mobile Suit Victory Gundam\", including character designer Hiroshi Ōsaka and mechanical designers Kunio Okawara and Hajime Katoki. Manga artist Kazuhiko Shimamoto collaborated on the show's character designs. Kimitoshi Yamane acted as a back-up mechanical designer and has since worked on Sunrise's acclaimed series \"Cowboy Bebop\" and \"The Vision of Escaflowne\". Hirotoshi Sano, previously credited for \"Tekkaman Blade\", was responsible for directing the mechanical animation in \"G Gundam\", but also produced much of show's promotional artwork seen on home media covers. The musical score for \"G Gundam\" was composed by Kohei Tanaka. The opening theme song \"Flying in the Sky\" performed by Hitofumi Ushima and the closing theme by Etsuko Sai are played for the first 25 episodes of the series. The opening theme \"Trust You Forever\" by Ushima and the closing theme by Takehide Inoue are played for the remaining episodes.",
"title": "Mobile Fighter G Gundam"
},
{
"docid": "24018020#0",
"text": "\"Mobile Suit Victory Gundam\" is a 1993 Japanese science fiction anime television series created and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino and produced by Bandai Visual, Sotsu Agency, Sunrise, and TV Asahi with music production by Starchild Records and Apollon. Spanning 51 episodes, \"Mobile Suit Victory Gundam\" is the final television series following the Universal Century timeline in the Gundam franchise. The series premiered in Japan on TV Asahi on April 2, 1993 and concluded on March 25, 1994.",
"title": "List of Mobile Suit Victory Gundam episodes"
},
{
"docid": "304789#6",
"text": "\"Mobile Suit Gundam 0080: War in the Pocket\" was produced by animation studio Sunrise in association with toy company Bandai. Kenji Uchida was the former representative and Minoru Takanashi was the latter's producer. The series was created to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of the \"Gundam\" franchise, created by Yoshiyuki Tomino in 1979. \"War in the Pocket\" was directed by Fumihiko Takayama, known for his work on \"Orguss 02\" and \"\", marking the first time anyone other than Tomino directed a \"Gundam\" show. The screenplay was written by Hiroyuki Yamaga, with scenario by , while the character designer for this series was Haruhiko Mikimoto.",
"title": "Mobile Suit Gundam 0080: War in the Pocket"
},
{
"docid": "163481#6",
"text": "In 1979, Tomino directed and wrote \"Mobile Suit Gundam\", which was highly influential in transforming the Super Robot mecha genre into the Real Robot genre. Mark Simmons discusses the impact of \"Gundam\" in his book, \"Gundam Official Guide\":\nIn an interview published in \"Animerica\" magazine, Tomino discusses what he was trying to accomplish with \"Mobile Suit Gundam\":\nAlthough the last quarter of the show's original script was canceled and it had to be completed in 43 episodes, its popularity grew after three compilation movies were released in 1981 and 1982. \"Mobile Suit Gundam\" was followed by numerous sequels, spin-offs and merchandising franchises, becoming one of the longest-running and most influential, popular anime series in history, being chosen as No. 1 on TV Asahi's \"Top 100 Anime\" listing in 2005.",
"title": "Yoshiyuki Tomino"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1368809#0",
"text": "The \"Mobile Suit Gundam SEED\" anime series is animated by the Japanese anime studio Sunrise and directed by Mitsuo Fukuda. It aired from October 5, 2002 to September 27, 2003, with fifty episodes on TBS. As with other series from the Gundam franchise, \"Gundam SEED\" takes place in a parallel timeline, in this case the Cosmic Era, the first to do so. In this era, mankind has developed into two subspecies: Naturals, who reside on Earth and Coordinators, genetically-enhanced humans capable of withstanding the rigors of space who inhabit orbital colonies. The story revolves around a young Coordinator Kira Yamato who becomes involved in the war between the two races after a neutral space colony is invaded by the Coordinators.",
"title": "List of Mobile Suit Gundam SEED episodes"
},
{
"docid": "47242424#0",
"text": ", also known as Gundam IBO and and Tetsu oru (鉄オル), is a 2015 Japanese mecha anime series and the fourteenth installment in Sunrise's long-running \"Gundam\" franchise. It is directed by Tatsuyuki Nagai and written by Mari Okada, a team which previously collaborated on \"Toradora!\" and \"\". It aired in Japan on MBS and other JNN stations from October 4, 2015 to March 27, 2016, making this the first Gundam series to return to a Sunday late afternoon time slot since \"Mobile Suit Gundam AGE\". A second season premiered on October 2, 2016. The series follows the exploits of a group of juvenile soldiers who establish their own security company after rebelling against the adults who betrayed them on a futuristic, terraformed Mars.",
"title": "Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans"
},
{
"docid": "12449#0",
"text": "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, also known in Japan as , is a 1995 Japanese mecha anime series directed by Masashi Ikeda and written by Katsuyuki Sumizawa. It is the sixth installment in the \"Gundam\" franchise, taking place in the \"After Colony\" timeline. As with the original series, the plot of \"Gundam Wing\" centers on a war in the future (specifically the 2220s) between Earth and its orbital colonies in the Earth-Moon system.",
"title": "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing"
},
{
"docid": "253056#7",
"text": "\"Mobile Suit Gundam SEED\" was directed by Mitsuo Fukuda (\"Future GPX Cyber Formula\" and \"Gear Fighter Dendoh\") with music by Toshihiko Sahashi. The series was first announced in June 2002, while a trailer was available in September on the series' official website. A total of eight writers were in charge of the series. The characters were designed by Hisashi Hirai, while the mechanical designs were made by Kunio Okawara and Kimitoshi Yamane. \"Mobile Suit Gundam\" planning manager Koichi Inoue stated that the staff making \"Gundam SEED\" was a new and young team that would continue working with following Gundam series. Inoue, however, would work with anime based on the original Gundam series. Fukuda stated that \"Gundam SEED\" was initially told from Kira's point of view, but deeper into the series the point of view would shift to other characters. His main focus with the series was to entertain the audience, pointing out that the drama would develop through the series in a similar vein to previous Gundam series. The first part worked on was the plot followed by action sequences, stating that the human characters were more important than the combat sequences. In retrospect, Fukuda said that Kira's wish to fight was forced upon him stemming from his desire to protect his friends. Moreover, he considered these actions as being based on Japanese thoughts.",
"title": "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED"
},
{
"docid": "253053#0",
"text": "Mobile Fighter G Gundam, also known in Japan as , is a 1994 Japanese animated television series produced by Sunrise and the fifth installment in the long running \"Gundam\" franchise. The series is set in the \"Future Century\", where space colonies representing countries have agreed to hold an organized fighting tournament known as the \"Gundam Fight\" every four years to settle their political differences in place of war. Each colony sends a representative fighter piloting a giant, humanoid mecha called a Gundam to battle on Earth until only one is left, and the winning nation earns the right to govern over all the colonies until the next tournament. The events of \"G Gundam\" follow Domon Kasshu, the pilot of Neo Japan's Shining Gundam during the 13th Gundam Fight. Domon's mission is to both win the tournament and to track down his older brother, who is believed to have stolen the mysterious Devil Gundam (AKA the Dark Gundam outside of Japan/Asia) from the Neo Japan government.",
"title": "Mobile Fighter G Gundam"
},
{
"docid": "50709#0",
"text": ", also known as the , is a science fiction media franchise created by Sunrise that features giant robots (mecha) with the name \"Gundam\" (after the original titular mecha). The franchise began on April 7, 1979 with \"Mobile Suit Gundam\", a TV series that defined the \"real robot\" mecha anime genre by featuring giant robots called mobile suits in a militaristic setting. The popularity of the series and its merchandise spawned a franchise that includes television series, OVAs, films, manga, novels and video games, as well as a whole industry of model robots known as Gunpla (plastic Gundam model).",
"title": "Gundam"
}
] | [
0.4572482705116272,
0.06488037109375,
-0.12249755859375,
0.1483001708984375,
0.1005079448223114,
0.2586466372013092,
0.7065972089767456,
-0.317138671875,
0.1895345002412796,
0.2012600302696228,
0.02663506381213665,
-0.3284098207950592,
0.0731794536113739,
0.1613837331533432,
-0.0745612233877182,
0.1250067800283432,
0.3340657651424408,
0.2803073525428772,
-0.1403435617685318,
0.014942063018679619,
-0.2216322124004364,
0.68017578125,
-0.0684933140873909,
0.09132978320121765,
0.0315585657954216,
-0.1551784873008728,
0.0984259694814682,
0.514892578125,
0.2804361879825592,
0.3535970151424408,
0.4001193642616272,
-0.0334879569709301,
-0.1656154990196228,
0.38006591796875,
-0.6082356572151184,
0.2445068359375,
0.1359456330537796,
-0.4152018129825592,
0.2555101215839386,
0.5116102695465088,
0.0036553277168422937,
0.3014865517616272,
-0.03857580944895744,
-0.4453938901424408,
0.61767578125,
0.08795484155416489,
0.190826416015625,
0.040239546447992325,
-0.2763739824295044,
0.3227945864200592,
-0.2586263120174408,
-0.1019117534160614,
0.0010401407489553094,
-0.1133761927485466,
-0.0824754536151886,
0.3553331196308136,
-0.01612345315515995,
0.3018832802772522,
0.1285535991191864,
-0.04418696463108063,
0.0533599853515625,
-0.347900390625,
0.053809694945812225,
-0.050353579223155975,
0.0473158098757267,
0.09217114001512527,
-0.0434078648686409,
0.2281629741191864,
0.2726982831954956,
0.2087673544883728,
0.06945376843214035,
0.3921983540058136,
0.3486734926700592,
0.0574968121945858,
0.04182010143995285,
-0.3166368305683136,
-0.06190575659275055,
0.6302083134651184,
0.1532694548368454,
-0.4780731201171875,
0.508544921875,
-0.3555501401424408,
-0.31134033203125,
0.304931640625,
-0.0998450368642807,
0.5704209804534912,
-0.0015920003643259406,
0.2129347026348114,
0.0599127858877182,
0.4210611879825592,
-0.0520680733025074,
0.2227783203125,
-0.141082763671875,
-0.1514621376991272,
0.0881890207529068,
0.13026386499404907,
0.18729104101657867,
-0.5628255009651184,
0.0913967564702034,
-0.1749674528837204,
0.04374928027391434,
-0.2478976845741272,
0.0438283272087574,
0.5024142861366272,
0.18248918652534485,
-0.3358832597732544,
-0.5605197548866272,
-0.2828640341758728,
0.6330295205116272,
0.5587565302848816,
0.363525390625,
-0.0359971784055233,
0.0532769113779068,
-0.1532050222158432,
0.3849555253982544,
0.1127760112285614,
0.2528008222579956,
-0.01644049771130085,
-0.2803683876991272,
-0.7673611044883728,
0.0421312116086483,
0.3429090678691864,
-0.3229030966758728,
0.3003200888633728,
-0.1347554475069046,
-0.4894748330116272,
0.5826280117034912,
-0.2481011301279068,
0.6362847089767456,
0.012087928131222725,
0.19970703125,
0.0778757706284523,
-0.0883009135723114,
0.4130316972732544,
0.3152330219745636,
0.3132053017616272,
0.2726236879825592,
-0.06707339733839035,
-0.2454800009727478,
-0.2805582582950592,
-0.5142958164215088,
0.2508409321308136,
0.4723307192325592,
0.5431044101715088,
-0.2049289345741272,
0.2925347089767456,
-0.1490410715341568,
0.50732421875,
0.043342165648937225,
0.7263454794883728,
0.3061116635799408,
0.1415167897939682,
-0.2681613564491272,
0.4231770932674408,
0.0543755441904068,
0.02523125521838665,
0.9038628339767456,
-0.06368552148342133,
-0.023010041564702988,
0.0759480819106102,
0.6596408486366272,
0.4273274838924408,
0.2844102680683136,
0.3135036826133728,
0.4843478798866272,
0.0708719864487648,
-0.1102888286113739,
0.1457960307598114,
0.462646484375,
-0.2235785573720932,
-0.1461859792470932,
0.2078721821308136,
0.2491048127412796,
-0.2732883095741272,
-0.02645365335047245,
0.1944308876991272,
-0.4039984941482544,
-0.0851270854473114,
0.3677571713924408,
-0.0783962681889534,
0.2118275910615921,
0.2617017924785614,
0.02349853515625,
0.1563856303691864,
0.6399196982383728,
0.6257053017616272,
-0.1625603586435318,
-0.4382595419883728,
-0.0705362930893898,
0.5114474892616272,
0.1915622353553772,
0.2088182270526886,
0.3710530698299408,
-0.1437310129404068,
0.13345760107040405,
0.0318501777946949,
0.032921262085437775,
0.04034338891506195,
-0.0310245081782341,
0.0983191579580307,
-0.0255398228764534,
0.3850368857383728,
-0.4622667133808136,
0.0954132080078125,
0.4749077558517456,
-0.4276326596736908,
-0.3893500566482544,
-0.0532599538564682,
-0.259033203125,
-0.0548010915517807,
0.10663943737745285,
0.1604071706533432,
-0.1317003071308136,
-0.1688029021024704,
-0.0916205495595932,
-0.05992211401462555,
0.0439588762819767,
-0.4658949077129364,
0.4463026225566864,
-0.0698038712143898,
-0.1302575021982193,
0.6987847089767456,
0.0042317709885537624,
-0.04083384573459625,
0.2118259072303772,
-0.0590464286506176,
-0.3224690854549408,
-0.6737196445465088,
0.1310933381319046,
0.1691334992647171,
0.7247178554534912,
0.0483347587287426,
-0.0762532576918602,
-0.062283411622047424,
0.03671439364552498,
0.1626722514629364,
0.6256510615348816,
0.3037380576133728,
-0.0042673745192587376,
-0.1107754185795784,
0.4650065004825592,
0.1034986674785614,
-0.05840810015797615,
0.3966471254825592,
0.4777560830116272,
-0.4055989682674408,
0.5260416865348816,
0.2264336496591568,
-0.13831347227096558,
-0.3097059428691864,
0.2172444611787796,
-0.3112928569316864,
0.1395484060049057,
0.23920059204101562,
-0.3761935830116272,
0.12733691930770874,
-0.1811252236366272,
0.3990071713924408,
0.08165062963962555,
0.0762159526348114,
-0.1802775114774704,
-0.09348706901073456,
0.3651936948299408,
0.32177734375,
-0.1981201171875,
0.09362199902534485,
0.1511349081993103,
0.5196940302848816,
-0.1313035786151886,
0.3954535722732544,
0.7173393964767456,
-0.2878824770450592,
-0.191558837890625,
0.2102305144071579,
-0.0870768204331398,
0.038103315979242325,
0.024875905364751816,
0.1652628630399704,
-0.2713894248008728,
0.0023210314102470875,
0.255859375,
0.0215606689453125,
-0.1293063759803772,
0.0050714281387627125,
0.1902669221162796,
0.00244140625,
0.0133989118039608,
-0.0218471959233284,
-0.2318657785654068,
-0.1807522177696228,
-0.0473124198615551,
0.5311957597732544,
-0.1963840126991272,
-0.2953694760799408,
0.2586737871170044,
0.2057766318321228,
-0.3483615517616272,
-0.12630292773246765,
0.1442989706993103,
0.2821790874004364,
0.6535373330116272,
-0.5302191972732544,
-0.03499094769358635,
0.0222913958132267,
0.1075642928481102,
-0.2422281950712204,
-0.3674180805683136,
-0.022516462951898575,
-0.2414957731962204,
0.19627931714057922,
0.3269416093826294,
-0.7282443642616272,
-0.027576765045523643,
0.1942104697227478,
0.1893039345741272,
0.4531928300857544,
-0.013661702163517475,
0.03497293218970299,
0.5833061933517456,
0.0905778706073761,
0.58251953125,
-0.0842047780752182,
-0.3452419638633728,
0.0685543492436409,
-0.1078152135014534,
-0.3820275068283081,
0.0019982655066996813,
-0.1604834645986557,
0.3020901083946228,
-0.1044989675283432,
0.5092502236366272,
0.3380940854549408,
-0.08150863647460938,
0.14048926532268524,
-0.1390313059091568,
0.2742513120174408,
0.32140520215034485,
0.4715847373008728,
-0.1197781041264534,
-0.2332763671875,
0.37933349609375,
0.1927693635225296,
-0.1551445871591568,
0.3735893964767456,
-0.2894965410232544,
0.038880664855241776,
0.3306443989276886,
0.1709865927696228,
0.5045844316482544,
0.267822265625,
0.3798828125,
-0.010982937179505825,
0.2564290463924408,
-0.13655005395412445,
0.1966518759727478,
0.0403984934091568,
0.4762098491191864,
0.1491360068321228,
0.2900933027267456,
-0.2102525532245636,
0.1822645366191864,
0.042844559997320175,
0.2233072966337204,
0.1604749858379364,
0.3576931357383728,
0.0542246513068676,
-0.0568644218146801,
-0.2368096262216568,
0.0469699427485466,
-0.1499091237783432,
-0.08755937963724136,
-0.1569620817899704,
0.3957790732383728,
0.3262261152267456,
-0.1616753488779068,
0.00710381381213665,
0.3117404580116272,
0.29902756214141846,
0.52783203125,
0.3721109926700592,
0.1407097727060318,
0.4659559428691864,
0.3909437358379364,
-0.1132219135761261,
-0.3481174111366272,
-0.2098185271024704,
0.1116400808095932,
0.09771643579006195,
-0.0363091379404068,
0.3577474057674408,
0.5431586503982544,
-0.2993638813495636,
0.02467939630150795,
-0.4099256694316864,
-0.0697665736079216,
-0.0992296040058136,
0.2336154580116272,
0.3176405131816864,
0.0781538188457489,
-0.12457741796970367,
-0.13165283203125,
0.3725721538066864,
0.4078233540058136,
0.039199404418468475,
4.18641471862793,
0.24560546875,
0.0915798619389534,
-0.14556884765625,
-0.13372802734375,
0.0736643448472023,
0.3048095703125,
-0.2315436452627182,
0.2548692524433136,
-0.1818101704120636,
0.09253353625535965,
0.2199978232383728,
-0.055031247437000275,
-0.0237867571413517,
-0.1137322336435318,
0.2257893830537796,
0.1723429411649704,
0.2469889372587204,
0.3629014790058136,
0.552978515625,
-0.2847764790058136,
0.5366482138633728,
0.1228603795170784,
0.011522505432367325,
0.19384765625,
0.2368435263633728,
0.3881022036075592,
-0.1311170756816864,
0.4725884199142456,
0.3614095151424408,
0.1851671040058136,
-0.0838233083486557,
0.0367923304438591,
0.3736707866191864,
-0.9390733242034912,
-0.3204752504825592,
0.4186197817325592,
0.2949897050857544,
0.12567138671875,
0.02620358020067215,
-0.3210584819316864,
-0.027047263458371162,
0.5269368290901184,
0.09673479199409485,
0.0464714914560318,
-0.044052865356206894,
0.0663791224360466,
0.4070909321308136,
-0.1250508576631546,
-0.3065321147441864,
-0.0497521311044693,
-0.049935657531023026,
-0.2368706613779068,
-0.09172312170267105,
0.3995225727558136,
0.5284559726715088,
0.07811270654201508,
0.3557400107383728,
0.2671305239200592,
-0.2244466096162796,
0.033390894532203674,
0.0510220006108284,
-0.10719553381204605,
0.1139967143535614,
-0.3169420063495636,
-0.2103118896484375,
-0.2249789834022522,
-0.0557522252202034,
0.2824164628982544,
-0.0742560476064682,
0.2310791015625,
0.4153103232383728,
0.2523261308670044,
-0.09142133593559265,
0.08801862597465515,
0.0487348772585392,
-0.2151421457529068,
0.2028774619102478,
0.2932535707950592,
-0.3044704794883728,
0.2441135048866272,
-0.06371116638183594,
0.03585730493068695,
0.3520779013633728,
-0.2438015341758728,
0.4506564736366272,
0.08556535840034485,
-0.0877312570810318,
0.3366428017616272,
-0.01778496615588665,
0.3530544638633728,
0.1492852121591568,
0.1056688129901886,
-0.25765228271484375,
0.4117567241191864,
0.0708855539560318,
-0.1279958039522171,
-4.007161617279053,
0.2085774689912796,
-0.0585038922727108,
0.1460537314414978,
0.1718410849571228,
-0.06398391723632812,
0.0017462836112827063,
0.3627251386642456,
-0.2442355751991272,
-0.0648176372051239,
-0.5628798007965088,
0.1357421875,
-0.2278917133808136,
0.5115017294883728,
0.1139356791973114,
-0.1317799836397171,
0.2771131694316864,
0.3888888955116272,
0.3747151792049408,
0.04012468084692955,
0.0553860142827034,
0.017809126526117325,
0.6957194209098816,
-0.2342258095741272,
0.07086266577243805,
-0.05103471502661705,
0.1836480051279068,
-0.2526313066482544,
-0.0918053537607193,
0.1878255158662796,
-0.5751410722732544,
0.1033138707280159,
0.6670464277267456,
-0.1783582866191864,
0.1209564208984375,
0.3301595151424408,
0.5605197548866272,
-0.02655029296875,
0.377197265625,
0.6477864384651184,
-0.09822506457567215,
0.1392991840839386,
0.3111029863357544,
-0.01720089465379715,
0.028600480407476425,
-0.2648654580116272,
-0.3355306088924408,
0.0879262313246727,
-0.10533566027879715,
-0.08000776171684265,
-0.1114552840590477,
0.2271592915058136,
-0.1044582799077034,
0.09164174646139145,
0.6210666298866272,
-0.2103474885225296,
0.1575588583946228,
0.02501424215734005,
0.3852267861366272,
0.0760260671377182,
0.4747450053691864,
0.0849711075425148,
0.2864719033241272,
0.0352800153195858,
0.4815402626991272,
0.3698052167892456,
0.14691247045993805,
0.4280870258808136,
0.329345703125,
-0.2386949360370636,
0.4151272177696228,
0.1303778737783432,
0.2777099609375,
0.2276356965303421,
0.0827874094247818,
0.1001841202378273,
-0.3103908896446228,
-0.1997748464345932,
0.3764919638633728,
0.1743028461933136,
-0.2389051616191864,
-0.2529839277267456,
-0.6098090410232544,
0.4747721254825592,
2.3180339336395264,
0.5247666835784912,
2.2233073711395264,
0.6787651777267456,
-0.0996975377202034,
0.2335951030254364,
0.051720935851335526,
0.2070448100566864,
0.2429063618183136,
-0.0025838215369731188,
-0.03464359790086746,
0.3979220986366272,
0.08264753222465515,
0.1447923481464386,
0.007130092941224575,
-0.1093461811542511,
0.425048828125,
-0.8770887851715088,
-0.1090037003159523,
-0.2162678986787796,
0.0928582102060318,
-0.1068301722407341,
-0.1228468120098114,
0.3352864682674408,
0.4623887836933136,
-0.2159084677696228,
-0.14756859838962555,
-0.0663909912109375,
0.2194553017616272,
-0.07197655737400055,
0.1652899831533432,
0.3087158203125,
0.2920600175857544,
-0.006969822570681572,
-0.06322988122701645,
0.1979166716337204,
0.0008167690830305219,
4.69618034362793,
0.1252187043428421,
-0.3816731870174408,
0.0326961949467659,
0.1610988974571228,
0.2395460307598114,
0.4591742753982544,
-0.1864691823720932,
0.127838134765625,
0.0928378626704216,
0.109771728515625,
0.0698140487074852,
-0.1463962197303772,
-0.1068708598613739,
0.3888888955116272,
0.0334726981818676,
0.1256340891122818,
0.13972218334674835,
0.1121995747089386,
0.3047281801700592,
0.11471939086914062,
-0.0895521342754364,
0.4832628071308136,
-0.1432817280292511,
-0.0750647634267807,
-0.2926703691482544,
0.2276746928691864,
-0.1537678986787796,
-0.1177707239985466,
0.0511576347053051,
-0.0458017997443676,
5.433159828186035,
0.0922681987285614,
0.2875434160232544,
-0.1419253945350647,
-0.3025580644607544,
0.0625135600566864,
-0.1602681428194046,
0.14177152514457703,
-0.1552530974149704,
-0.1144171804189682,
0.0790167897939682,
-0.2388882040977478,
-0.2147759348154068,
0.4181043803691864,
-0.0439843088388443,
0.1186811625957489,
-0.24169921875,
-0.013416714034974575,
0.2361517995595932,
-0.2208794504404068,
0.3227064311504364,
-0.3098483681678772,
0.1964653879404068,
-0.5349528193473816,
-0.4333089292049408,
-0.1513570100069046,
-0.153167724609375,
0.2252095490694046,
0.03796492516994476,
-0.0509880930185318,
-0.144378662109375,
0.3180067241191864,
0.03222401812672615,
0.06787109375,
0.0019700792618095875,
0.1927524209022522,
0.2591959536075592,
0.005893283523619175,
-0.0882907435297966,
-0.0892808735370636,
0.3531900942325592,
0.3329671323299408,
-0.2562798261642456,
-0.3531765341758728,
-0.7357313632965088,
-0.1126708984375,
-0.0818566232919693,
0.0416242815554142,
0.2236870676279068,
0.01200019009411335,
0.3023715615272522,
-0.2297770231962204,
0.8832465410232544,
0.4102104902267456,
-0.1184488907456398,
0.2574191689491272,
0.09768560528755188,
-0.1812065988779068,
-0.02400885708630085,
-0.08408864587545395,
0.6931965947151184,
0.2065090537071228,
0.06720786541700363,
0.2908393144607544,
0.2748616635799408,
0.3102484941482544,
0.4697536826133728,
-0.08414819836616516,
0.4808214008808136,
-0.2741767168045044,
0.2999674379825592,
0.4708387553691864,
-0.0653364360332489,
0.2300957590341568,
-0.13178083300590515,
0.25445556640625,
0.2034572958946228,
-0.0135811697691679,
-0.2153133749961853,
0.1661580353975296,
-0.117645263671875,
0.0013584560947492719,
-0.7550998330116272,
-0.0143602155148983,
0.0431857630610466,
-0.3477104902267456,
-0.28814697265625,
0.0798322856426239,
0.4025472104549408,
0.2781440019607544,
0.0015252431621775031,
0.18102604150772095,
-0.11531999707221985,
0.3657090961933136,
0.1103040874004364,
0.2156507670879364,
0.5778401494026184,
0.5630425214767456,
0.1378394216299057,
0.10004118084907532,
-0.3324652910232544,
0.3799913227558136,
-0.4221598207950592,
0.1585489958524704,
0.3948025107383728,
-0.044015247374773026,
0.6139865517616272,
0.0536566823720932,
0.0419650599360466,
0.1281806081533432,
0.5064833164215088,
0.6486274003982544,
0.19757080078125,
-0.2445475310087204,
-0.2775607705116272
] |
27 | Are steam locomotives more powerful than diesel? | [
{
"docid": "2802175#6",
"text": "Dieselisation took place largely because of the tremendous reduction in operating costs it allowed. Steam locomotives require large pools of labour to clean, load, maintain and run. They also require extensive service, coaling and watering facilities. This was their biggest inferior measure as compared to the diesel locomotive in the number of ton-miles or passenger traffic miles either could run. Diesels could and did have a significantly higher initial price per unit-horsepower delivered. However, their far greater range between fueling stops, the absence of water stops, and the much higher unit availability between inspection repair and maintenance stops, were far better than steam. Diesels simply required significantly less time and labour to operate and maintain. Diesel power was also more scalable to power requirements, owing to the control systems that allowed multiple units to be controlled by one operator. \"Double header\" steam power required a crew for each locomotive. Initially, diesel locomotives were less powerful than the typical steam locomotives. Between the late 1930s and the late 1950s the power available with diesel locomotive engines roughly doubled, although the most powerful steam locomotives ever built still exceeded the power of the most powerful diesel locomotives from the late Twentieth Century.",
"title": "Dieselisation"
},
{
"docid": "2802175#13",
"text": "Weighing against the cost of, and inertia against, replacing the large investment that railroads had in existing steam power were the dramatic increases in flexibility and efficiency with diesel. The fastest and most powerful steam locomotives were faster and more powerful than diesels; however, their range of efficient operation was severely limited. Diesels pro-rate their fuel usage to the length of trains, which a steam engine cannot do. Multiple-unit diesel power is scalable to power requirements with one locomotive crew; steam power is not. A high speed Hudson steam locomotive is good for only one situation, high speeds on level grades. The diesel locomotive can be operated by a single person, with no need of a fireman to run the boiler (two person cab crews may be required for other reasons). Also, diesels use much less fuel and no manpower when idling, something locomotives often do. Diesels can be parked running for days unattended, whereas steam engines must be constantly tended to if not completely shut down. Bringing a steam engine boiler up to operating temperature is often regarded as both an art and science, requiring much training and experience. A diesel is much simpler to start and shut down.",
"title": "Dieselisation"
},
{
"docid": "389950#103",
"text": "Diesel locomotives offer significant operating advantages over steam locomotives. They can safely be operated by one person, making them ideal for switching/shunting duties in yards (although for safety reasons many main-line diesel locomotives continue to have 2-man crews: an engineer and a conductor/switchman) and the operating environment is much more attractive, being quieter, fully weatherproof and without the dirt and heat that is an inevitable part of operating a steam locomotive. Diesel locomotives can be worked in multiple with a single crew controlling multiple locomotives in a single train — something not practical with steam locomotives. This brought greater efficiencies to the operator, as individual locomotives could be relatively low-powered for use as a single unit on light duties but marshaled together to provide the power needed on a heavy train. With steam traction a single very powerful and expensive locomotive was required for the heaviest trains or the operator resorted to double heading with multiple locomotives and crews, a method which was also expensive and brought with it its own operating difficulties.",
"title": "Diesel locomotive"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "389950#102",
"text": "As diesel locomotives advanced, the cost of manufacturing and operating them dropped, and they became cheaper to own and operate than steam locomotives. In North America, steam locomotives were custom-made for specific railway routes, so economies of scale were difficult to achieve. Though more complex to produce with exacting manufacturing tolerances ( for diesel, compared with for steam), diesel locomotive parts were easier to mass produce. Baldwin Locomotive Works offered almost five hundred steam models in its heyday, while EMD offered fewer than ten diesel varieties.. In the United Kingdom, British Railways built steam locomotives to standard designs from 1951 onwards. These included standard, interchangeable parts, and were cheaper to produce than the diesel locomotives then available. The capital cost per drawbar horse power was £13 6s (steam), £65 (diesel), £69 7s (turbine) and £17 13s (electric).",
"title": "Diesel locomotive"
},
{
"docid": "17717#43",
"text": "In comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs. Electric locomotives are also usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and reliable than diesels. \nThey have no local emissions, an important advantage in tunnels and urban areas. Some electric traction systems provide regenerative braking that turns the train's kinetic energy back into electricity and returns it to the supply system to be used by other trains or the general utility grid. While diesel locomotives burn petroleum, electricity can be generated from diverse sources including renewable energy.Steam-diesel hybrid locomotives can use steam generated from a boiler or diesel to power a piston engine. The \"Cristiani Compressed Steam System\" used a diesel engine to power a compressor to drive and recirculate steam produced by a boiler; effectively using steam as the power transmission medium, with the diesel engine being the prime mover",
"title": "Locomotive"
},
{
"docid": "30598#16",
"text": "The first trains were rope-hauled, gravity powered or pulled by horses, but from the early 19th century almost all trains were powered by steam locomotives. From the 1910s onwards, steam locomotives began to be replaced with less labor-intensive (and cleaner) diesel and electric locomotives, although these new forms of propulsion were far more complex and expensive than steam power. At about the same time, self-propelled multiple unit vehicles (both diesel and electric) became much more widely used in passenger service. Dieselisation of locomotives in day-to-day use was completed in most countries by the 1970s. Steam locomotives are still used in heritage railways which are operated in many countries for the leisure and enthusiast market.",
"title": "Train"
},
{
"docid": "51600042#3",
"text": "The diesel-electric locomotive assaulted the primacy of the coal/oil fired steam locomotive from every angle. First, it had a much higher duty cycle than any steam locomotive could match. Famously, the use of steam locomotives to attempt the achievement of the schedules for the crack passenger trains between Chicago and the West Coast, required no less than nine (9) complete changes of engine and tender between Chicago and Los Angeles/San Francisco. With no steam engine/tender set travelling more than 250 miles. Diesels would complete these long distance runs with the same motive power units. And the diesel units would only receive fuel and water at limited operating stops. So the number of in-cab crews necessary to operate any schedule would be dramatically reduced by the introduction of diesels",
"title": "Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railway Co."
},
{
"docid": "454911#23",
"text": "With power and reliability of new Diesel units improved with the 2000 hp GM 567 powered E3 model in 1938, the advantages of Diesel became compelling enough for a growing number of rail lines to select Diesel over steam for new passenger equipment. The power and top speed advantages of state-of-the-art steam locomotives were more than offset by Diesel's advantages in service flexibility, downtime, maintenance costs, and economic efficiency for most operators. The American Locomotive Company (ALCO), builder of the Hiawatha speedsters, saw Diesel as the future of passenger service and introduced streamlined locomotives influenced by the design of the E units in 1939. The replacement of steam with Diesel power was interrupted by the US entry into World War II, with a military premium on Diesel technology that stopped all production of Diesel locomotives for passenger service between September 1942 and January 1945.",
"title": "Streamliner"
},
{
"docid": "389950#96",
"text": "Although diesel locomotives generally emit less sulphur dioxide, a major pollutant to the environment, and greenhouse gases than steam locomotives, they are not completely clean in that respect. Furthermore, like other diesel powered vehicles, they emit nitrogen oxides and fine particles, which are a risk to public health. In fact, in this last respect diesel locomotives may perform worse than steam locomotives.",
"title": "Diesel locomotive"
},
{
"docid": "17717#5",
"text": "The steam locomotive remained by far the most common type of locomotive until after World War II. \nSteam locomotives are less efficient than modern diesel and electric locomotives, and a significantly larger workforce is required to operate and service them. British Rail figures showed that the cost of crewing and fuelling a steam locomotive was about two and a half times larger than the cost of supporting an equivalent diesel locomotive, and the daily mileage they could run was lower.. Between about 1950 and 1970, the majority of steam locomotives were retired from commercial service and replaced with electric and diesel-electric locomotives. While North America transitioned from steam during the 1950s, and continental Europe by the 1970s, in other parts of the world, the transition happened later. Steam was a familiar technology that used widely-available fuels and in low-wage economies did not suffer as wide a cost disparity. It continued to be used in many countries until the end of the 20th century. By the end of the 20th century, almost the only steam power remaining in regular use around the world was on heritage railways.",
"title": "Locomotive"
}
] | [
0.2305806428194046,
-0.1607189178466797,
-0.04024956747889519,
0.3018086850643158,
-0.105926513671875,
0.621826171875,
0.4976399838924408,
-0.267547607421875,
0.2525126039981842,
0.13377507030963898,
-0.3282677233219147,
-0.1964619904756546,
-0.303863525390625,
-0.19406509399414062,
-0.14948590099811554,
-0.2807668149471283,
0.45123291015625,
0.01886860467493534,
-0.3607076108455658,
-0.03682136535644531,
-0.1956888884305954,
0.2912699282169342,
0.4465738832950592,
-0.00420147180557251,
0.08814653009176254,
-0.035950660705566406,
-0.2280171662569046,
-0.0016668637981638312,
0.22088496387004852,
0.30078125,
0.1390838623046875,
-0.2550048828125,
-0.1971944123506546,
0.5070902705192566,
0.04099337384104729,
0.4675496518611908,
0.061466217041015625,
-0.063323974609375,
0.18028514087200165,
0.2326558381319046,
0.04490407183766365,
0.024042129516601562,
-0.036449432373046875,
0.0885772705078125,
0.1265125274658203,
-0.405517578125,
0.2519277036190033,
0.14947302639484406,
-0.2231934815645218,
0.10468610376119614,
0.009146511554718018,
-0.12916946411132812,
0.08178456872701645,
-0.14760081470012665,
0.21993637084960938,
0.22187678515911102,
-0.05618138983845711,
1.0830484628677368,
0.12564723193645477,
-0.04826672747731209,
-0.1622568815946579,
0.16858673095703125,
-0.0904541015625,
0.010365486145019531,
0.07553768157958984,
0.05418936535716057,
-0.2797037661075592,
0.580078125,
0.1871541291475296,
0.4560343325138092,
-0.042107146233320236,
0.5092366337776184,
0.3729044497013092,
0.3430379331111908,
-0.13089625537395477,
-0.04844411090016365,
0.4828694760799408,
0.5197804570198059,
-0.021326860412955284,
-0.04969024658203125,
0.5141398310661316,
-0.16341273486614227,
-0.07853826135396957,
0.5063679814338684,
-0.3055419921875,
0.3749186098575592,
0.09281619638204575,
-0.08201408386230469,
0.188385009765625,
0.4976603090763092,
-0.07532501220703125,
0.2464752197265625,
-0.018512090668082237,
0.3441365659236908,
0.2975870668888092,
-0.4434610903263092,
0.2842915952205658,
-0.5824177861213684,
0.23958206176757812,
0.15274620056152344,
0.2082010954618454,
-0.1744588166475296,
-0.2261250764131546,
-0.05755309388041496,
0.07452329248189926,
-0.4158528745174408,
-0.10306199640035629,
-0.16673533618450165,
0.015314738266170025,
0.15168826282024384,
0.1334686279296875,
-0.4866739809513092,
-0.17096583545207977,
0.14810054004192352,
0.17866389453411102,
-0.10851240158081055,
-0.2433420866727829,
-0.1288859099149704,
-0.25853729248046875,
-0.6879501342773438,
0.4258016049861908,
0.2102762907743454,
-0.4716593325138092,
0.03553962707519531,
-0.297943115234375,
-0.1165771484375,
0.5603840947151184,
-0.1844533234834671,
0.7968342900276184,
0.6269327998161316,
-0.19090525805950165,
0.1736501008272171,
0.687255859375,
0.5453694462776184,
0.1625213623046875,
0.048504192382097244,
0.2867838442325592,
-0.3300679624080658,
-0.3756815493106842,
-0.3587544858455658,
0.11824353784322739,
-0.10275331884622574,
0.1275736540555954,
0.6968790888786316,
-0.12018319219350815,
0.275848388671875,
-0.05750153586268425,
0.1871287077665329,
0.03464317321777344,
0.28575897216796875,
-0.2211812287569046,
0.1433665007352829,
-0.2026316374540329,
0.05657768249511719,
0.1348012238740921,
-0.0517323799431324,
0.25468698143959045,
0.13349656760692596,
0.37933349609375,
0.09240087121725082,
0.6888427734375,
0.4289143979549408,
-0.11078071594238281,
0.13106536865234375,
0.2216288298368454,
0.31756591796875,
-0.11527761071920395,
0.4785359799861908,
0.5257568359375,
-0.2042490690946579,
-0.1048380509018898,
-0.008689403533935547,
-0.06034493446350098,
-0.1898193359375,
-0.2665608823299408,
0.42901611328125,
-0.0436350516974926,
0.16399891674518585,
0.034104663878679276,
0.3033905029296875,
0.07996877282857895,
0.3857421875,
-0.012743313796818256,
0.07742341607809067,
0.6822306513786316,
0.6269938349723816,
0.014507611282169819,
0.4692179262638092,
-0.1305052489042282,
0.05096371844410896,
0.08710920810699463,
-0.20840580761432648,
0.46063232421875,
-0.5676676630973816,
-0.01909414865076542,
-0.034542083740234375,
0.2918650209903717,
0.5835978388786316,
-0.0945078507065773,
-0.2781778872013092,
-0.5705159306526184,
0.2020772248506546,
-0.3383585512638092,
0.09973780065774918,
0.39495849609375,
-0.6599934697151184,
0.08295945078134537,
0.2364247590303421,
-0.287384033203125,
-0.09344164282083511,
0.04543749615550041,
0.1429494172334671,
0.1410541534423828,
0.1664600372314453,
-0.2056833952665329,
0.60369873046875,
0.15799076855182648,
-0.0194854736328125,
0.34325918555259705,
-0.0619659423828125,
-0.44384765625,
0.18475405871868134,
-0.014211018569767475,
0.25752511620521545,
0.2578226625919342,
-0.03191693499684334,
-0.4442342221736908,
-0.1839447021484375,
0.18311309814453125,
0.4796549379825592,
-0.2805328369140625,
0.06594911962747574,
0.3989664614200592,
-0.13474972546100616,
-0.07331403344869614,
0.230987548828125,
0.28118896484375,
0.2255859375,
-0.12661997973918915,
0.372283935546875,
0.308746337890625,
0.026118913665413857,
-0.10363038629293442,
0.4262491762638092,
0.5014241337776184,
-0.1079254150390625,
-0.22634315490722656,
0.2510204315185547,
-0.12779617309570312,
-0.10590425878763199,
-0.07098261266946793,
0.20105235278606415,
0.03357188031077385,
0.1616719514131546,
-0.3619791567325592,
0.19246673583984375,
-0.053257305175065994,
-0.123443603515625,
0.2664121091365814,
0.4178670346736908,
0.5231730341911316,
0.4464212954044342,
0.3894856870174408,
0.20551808178424835,
-0.3149515688419342,
-0.29931640625,
0.03331756591796875,
0.5880126953125,
-0.103424072265625,
0.3621317446231842,
0.4781138002872467,
-0.2285359650850296,
0.2210184782743454,
0.3772481381893158,
-0.1120147705078125,
-0.23739369213581085,
0.7881672978401184,
0.13649623095989227,
-0.358856201171875,
0.2823486328125,
0.48004150390625,
-0.029801687225699425,
-0.3900146484375,
-0.4409078061580658,
0.3638356626033783,
0.2913449704647064,
-0.0051867165602743626,
-0.3015035092830658,
-0.06483586877584457,
0.2454427033662796,
0.48004150390625,
0.6883137822151184,
0.2652842104434967,
-0.3987223207950592,
-0.19873936474323273,
-0.12874937057495117,
0.03081591986119747,
0.05448182299733162,
0.4947713315486908,
-0.04185740277171135,
0.7363688349723816,
-0.2586466372013092,
0.05548095703125,
0.12248611450195312,
-0.03350257873535156,
-0.2673848569393158,
-0.2650909423828125,
0.27935791015625,
-0.009956042282283306,
0.41204833984375,
0.6946207880973816,
-0.5895792841911316,
-0.0033528010826557875,
0.18390147387981415,
0.3670654296875,
0.17410437762737274,
0.2685343325138092,
0.14919662475585938,
0.5518061518669128,
0.1130777969956398,
-0.15651702880859375,
-0.2601827085018158,
-0.4169921875,
-0.3419901430606842,
0.26556396484375,
-0.4352925717830658,
0.12439346313476562,
-0.3878173828125,
0.42254638671875,
0.07786305993795395,
0.5953165888786316,
0.4237264096736908,
-0.047478992491960526,
0.1051279678940773,
0.07885424047708511,
0.12437566369771957,
0.0425262451171875,
0.5320637822151184,
-0.22833251953125,
-0.53485107421875,
-0.04112561419606209,
0.19641239941120148,
-0.03464508056640625,
0.2613321840763092,
0.05922190472483635,
0.250335693359375,
0.12013498693704605,
0.11056772619485855,
0.1501057893037796,
0.09466949850320816,
0.5423176884651184,
0.08249600976705551,
-0.396240234375,
-0.04224904254078865,
0.022436777129769325,
0.290740966796875,
0.12730439007282257,
0.2499796599149704,
0.2118021696805954,
-0.2041015625,
0.2608439028263092,
0.2938435971736908,
0.38214111328125,
-0.03540182113647461,
0.004027366638183594,
-0.2376861572265625,
-0.2649332582950592,
-0.4565226137638092,
0.0583852119743824,
0.1638234406709671,
0.04788748547434807,
0.1457621306180954,
0.0547536201775074,
-0.00907224416732788,
-0.42266845703125,
-0.1690114289522171,
0.3370870053768158,
0.26202392578125,
0.5476887822151184,
0.09365296363830566,
0.11269887536764145,
0.55169677734375,
0.055098533630371094,
0.06532955169677734,
0.3656209409236908,
-0.2499186247587204,
-0.053057312965393066,
0.06305376440286636,
0.21822166442871094,
-0.345367431640625,
-0.2314453125,
-0.2356669157743454,
0.03354962542653084,
0.15240605175495148,
-0.42425537109375,
0.10837745666503906,
0.10009685903787613,
0.3463541567325592,
0.10175832360982895,
0.1659800261259079,
-0.10485172271728516,
0.3304036557674408,
-0.027734121307730675,
0.1918436735868454,
4.12548828125,
0.11629613488912582,
0.3662312924861908,
-0.004791259765625,
-0.227752685546875,
0.22506968677043915,
0.0821482315659523,
0.045004844665527344,
-0.0320480652153492,
0.3577168881893158,
-0.1696319580078125,
0.1889750212430954,
-0.4561971127986908,
0.3064371645450592,
-0.09106763452291489,
0.3229776918888092,
0.6102702021598816,
0.3675130307674408,
0.290008544921875,
0.2449442595243454,
-0.50830078125,
0.56964111328125,
0.3263346254825592,
-0.328033447265625,
0.16419219970703125,
0.1899871826171875,
-0.057147979736328125,
-0.135772705078125,
0.4381103515625,
0.3197021484375,
0.2150065153837204,
-0.1408131867647171,
0.2681528627872467,
0.2000325471162796,
-0.9004923701286316,
0.23576609790325165,
0.391387939453125,
0.648657500743866,
0.038942933082580566,
0.2732747495174408,
-0.182464599609375,
-0.1701304167509079,
0.2205759733915329,
0.39556884765625,
0.03530629351735115,
-0.1686909943819046,
0.04084523394703865,
0.4067179262638092,
0.4813028872013092,
0.29541015625,
-0.046478271484375,
-0.1913502961397171,
-0.0519053153693676,
0.1635284423828125,
0.04339885711669922,
0.430328369140625,
0.46624755859375,
0.3313039243221283,
0.3953145444393158,
0.3826090395450592,
0.07457908242940903,
-0.07890745997428894,
0.06614043563604355,
-0.2537943422794342,
-0.1200205460190773,
0.12073644250631332,
0.09933725744485855,
-0.09343043714761734,
0.0018463134765625,
-0.3360188901424408,
1.0957845449447632,
0.248870849609375,
0.5075480341911316,
-0.2788034975528717,
0.2908935546875,
0.3679911196231842,
-0.007370471954345703,
0.16258494555950165,
-0.06532224267721176,
0.1997528076171875,
-0.0717010498046875,
-0.1782277375459671,
0.21024322509765625,
0.2429758757352829,
-0.011647224426269531,
0.6937255859375,
-0.032538097351789474,
-0.1008656844496727,
0.5425211787223816,
-0.12464141845703125,
0.2234141081571579,
-0.07685470581054688,
0.5938313603401184,
0.1069386824965477,
0.2069498747587204,
-0.06001091003417969,
0.06637191772460938,
-4.03955078125,
0.1724395751953125,
-0.11012903600931168,
-0.0022160212974995375,
0.053152721375226974,
-0.16778405010700226,
0.026264190673828125,
0.53839111328125,
-0.4098917543888092,
0.19218699634075165,
-0.7002360224723816,
0.36737060546875,
-0.22991943359375,
0.25997862219810486,
0.31097412109375,
-0.0477549247443676,
0.2061360627412796,
0.26239013671875,
0.3570760190486908,
-0.13132984936237335,
0.5431060791015625,
-0.0556538887321949,
0.3287251889705658,
-0.16196441650390625,
0.13694126904010773,
0.2157236784696579,
-0.08497556298971176,
-0.12192318588495255,
-0.4406229555606842,
-0.273406982421875,
0.11454391479492188,
-0.4018961489200592,
0.4934488832950592,
0.038080375641584396,
0.01813793182373047,
0.23247528076171875,
0.412872314453125,
-0.04934437945485115,
0.3917439877986908,
0.290252685546875,
-0.1907857209444046,
0.1505025178194046,
0.2676289975643158,
-0.12161573022603989,
0.016122817993164062,
0.14235813915729523,
-0.4330851137638092,
-0.07788555324077606,
-0.4928995668888092,
0.2770322263240814,
0.3580729067325592,
0.23858642578125,
-0.015071272850036621,
0.2903035581111908,
0.5839436650276184,
-0.0832112655043602,
0.03495724871754646,
0.06504440307617188,
0.0560760498046875,
-0.1231892928481102,
-0.10196176916360855,
-0.17496998608112335,
0.2325642853975296,
0.13280995190143585,
0.06028493121266365,
-0.035213470458984375,
0.250244140625,
-0.1401774138212204,
0.10837173461914062,
-0.1828867644071579,
-0.1887156218290329,
0.0740610733628273,
0.2781778872013092,
0.36729368567466736,
-0.022666295990347862,
0.5837605595588684,
-0.05421368405222893,
-0.03457896038889885,
0.4678955078125,
0.2494456022977829,
0.13266372680664062,
-0.07319322973489761,
-0.3792622983455658,
0.1838175505399704,
2.1621906757354736,
0.3448486328125,
2.1324055194854736,
-0.028650283813476562,
0.1302846223115921,
0.5153401494026184,
-0.13128407299518585,
0.2084503173828125,
0.1709645539522171,
0.28334808349609375,
-0.015677928924560547,
0.6241658329963684,
-0.07389450073242188,
-0.3650105893611908,
-0.16838328540325165,
-0.04914665222167969,
0.3372090756893158,
-0.7635090947151184,
0.2902323305606842,
-0.2784322202205658,
-0.07486756891012192,
0.010012309066951275,
-0.0567021369934082,
0.38691458106040955,
0.04028574749827385,
0.08498319238424301,
-0.2872416079044342,
-0.35845947265625,
0.17976124584674835,
-0.3940022885799408,
-0.2184295654296875,
0.1806488037109375,
0.02574920654296875,
-0.23198159039020538,
-0.187103271484375,
0.3359171450138092,
0.12980270385742188,
4.6904296875,
-0.5171712040901184,
-0.1528574675321579,
0.037697792053222656,
-0.01730632781982422,
-0.038733165711164474,
0.1619160920381546,
-0.11572519689798355,
-0.010134379379451275,
0.37640380859375,
0.0019248327007517219,
-0.03990999981760979,
-0.20150502026081085,
-0.10200373083353043,
0.4130655825138092,
0.2410786896944046,
0.3410848081111908,
-0.06228097155690193,
-0.08654149621725082,
0.08488035202026367,
0.12774913012981415,
0.21299998462200165,
0.3596394956111908,
0.08964920043945312,
-0.2049824446439743,
0.1800893098115921,
0.23602294921875,
-0.0909474715590477,
-0.09922536462545395,
0.0082308454439044,
0.18193817138671875,
5.422200679779053,
0.04856109619140625,
-0.06380494683980942,
0.0587971992790699,
-0.02138884924352169,
0.1664072722196579,
-0.08318519592285156,
-0.1200358048081398,
0.054449718445539474,
-0.2164510041475296,
-0.058890026062726974,
0.2556826174259186,
-0.4517822265625,
0.4488321840763092,
-0.11428451538085938,
0.5645344853401184,
-0.298583984375,
-0.22412109375,
0.4677937924861908,
-0.09361553192138672,
0.8670247197151184,
-0.0626220703125,
0.06914838403463364,
0.14427249133586884,
-0.23657862842082977,
0.1573754996061325,
-0.3009745180606842,
0.6399943232536316,
-0.09887409210205078,
0.029691696166992188,
0.3897908627986908,
-0.01864337921142578,
0.05668322369456291,
0.6220296025276184,
-0.23038990795612335,
-0.0991617813706398,
0.400543212890625,
0.1832122802734375,
0.12516720592975616,
-0.1710052490234375,
0.3394978940486908,
0.4111734926700592,
-0.2084452360868454,
-0.3391242027282715,
0.04452450945973396,
0.008368889801204205,
0.0037165482062846422,
0.022394657135009766,
0.1974080353975296,
0.009787877090275288,
0.0906524658203125,
0.11771456152200699,
0.6971842646598816,
0.40069580078125,
-0.16269366443157196,
0.7327473759651184,
0.4634806215763092,
-0.66046142578125,
0.3452046811580658,
-0.06049855425953865,
0.3463033139705658,
0.031263988465070724,
0.2258046418428421,
0.4071248471736908,
0.4066976010799408,
0.08612696081399918,
-0.2729390561580658,
0.09751129150390625,
0.8996989130973816,
0.07740148156881332,
-0.12381235510110855,
0.038222312927246094,
-0.09926414489746094,
0.28760528564453125,
0.09980758279561996,
0.14041900634765625,
-0.1481170654296875,
-0.025438308715820312,
0.2638143002986908,
0.06857553869485855,
-0.4096272885799408,
-0.3846944272518158,
-0.196502685546875,
0.27191162109375,
0.04388427734375,
-0.14865875244140625,
-0.4101969301700592,
0.2450307160615921,
0.22332763671875,
0.1889699250459671,
0.08087158203125,
0.0017989476909860969,
0.034241992980241776,
0.183370903134346,
0.6168416142463684,
0.13767242431640625,
0.2155303955078125,
0.0063298544846475124,
0.17199675738811493,
0.3913370668888092,
-0.3691914975643158,
0.1282246857881546,
0.2721761167049408,
0.0327402763068676,
0.3513692319393158,
-0.1008758544921875,
-0.3433774411678314,
0.0961557999253273,
-0.039208412170410156,
0.177886962890625,
0.42303466796875,
0.49405670166015625,
-0.7125244140625,
0.00336678815074265,
-0.156829833984375
] |
30 | When was special relativity developed? | [
{
"docid": "26962#0",
"text": "In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's original pedagogical treatment, it is based on two postulates:It was originally proposed by Albert Einstein in a paper published 26 September 1905 titled \"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies\". The inconsistency of Newtonian mechanics with Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism and the lack of experimental confirmation for a hypothesized luminiferous aether led to the development of special relativity, which corrects mechanics to handle situations involving motions at a significant fraction of the speed of light (known as \"\"). As of today, special relativity is the most accurate model of motion at any speed when gravitational effects are negligible. Even so, the Newtonian mechanics model is still useful as an approximation at small velocities relative to the speed of light, due to its simplicity and high accuracy within its scope.",
"title": "Special relativity"
},
{
"docid": "20069953#9",
"text": "Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré developed their version of special relativity in a series of papers from about 1900 to 1905. They used Maxwell's equations and the principle of relativity to deduce a theory that is mathematically equivalent to the theory later developed by Einstein.",
"title": "Special relativity (alternative formulations)"
},
{
"docid": "14909#22",
"text": "Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity, as proposed in his 1905 paper entitled \"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies\" was built on the understanding of inertia and inertial reference frames developed by Galileo and Newton. While this revolutionary theory did significantly change the meaning of many Newtonian concepts such as mass, energy, and distance, Einstein's concept of inertia remained unchanged from Newton's original meaning (in fact, the entire theory was based on Newton's definition of inertia). However, this resulted in a limitation inherent in special relativity: the principle of relativity could only apply to reference frames that were \"inertial\" in nature (meaning when no acceleration was present). In an attempt to address this limitation, Einstein proceeded to develop his general theory of relativity (\"The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity,\" 1916), which ultimately provided a unified theory for both \"inertial\" and \"noninertial\" (accelerated) reference frames. However, in order to accomplish this, in general relativity, Einstein found it necessary to redefine several fundamental concepts (such as gravity) in terms of a new concept of \"curvature\" of space-time, instead of the more traditional system of forces understood by Newton.",
"title": "Inertia"
},
{
"docid": "198507#26",
"text": "In 1905, Albert Einstein published the principle of special relativity, which soon became a theory. Special relativity predicted the alignment of the Newtonian principle of Galilean invariance, also termed \"Galilean relativity\", with the electromagnetic field. By omitting from special relativity the luminiferous aether, Einstein stated that time dilation and length contraction measured in an object in relative motion is inertial—that is, the object exhibits constant velocity, which is speed with direction, when measured by its observer. He thereby duplicated the Lorentz transformation and the Lorentz contraction that had been hypothesized to resolve experimental riddles and inserted into electrodynamic theory as dynamical consequences of the aether's properties. An elegant theory, special relativity yielded its own consequences, such as the equivalence of mass and energy transforming into one another and the resolution of the paradox that an excitation of the electromagnetic field could be viewed in one reference frame as electricity, but in another as magnetism.",
"title": "Scientific theory"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "30001#10",
"text": "General relativity is a theory of gravitation developed by Einstein in the years 1907–1915. The development of general relativity began with the equivalence principle, under which the states of accelerated motion and being at rest in a gravitational field (for example, when standing on the surface of the Earth) are physically identical. The upshot of this is that free fall is inertial motion: an object in free fall is falling because that is how objects move when there is no force being exerted on them, instead of this being due to the force of gravity as is the case in classical mechanics. This is incompatible with classical mechanics and special relativity because in those theories inertially moving objects cannot accelerate with respect to each other, but objects in free fall do so. To resolve this difficulty Einstein first proposed that spacetime is curved. In 1915, he devised the Einstein field equations which relate the curvature of spacetime with the mass, energy, and any momentum within it.",
"title": "Theory of relativity"
},
{
"docid": "1790788#51",
"text": "Planck, in 1909, compared the implications of the modern relativity principle — he particularly referred to the relativity of time – with the revolution by the Copernican system. An important factor in the adoption of special relativity by physicists was its development by Minkowski into a spacetime theory. Consequently, by about 1911, most theoretical physicists accepted special relativity. In 1912 Wilhelm Wien recommended both Lorentz (for the mathematical framework) and Einstein (for reducing it to a simple principle) for the Nobel Prize in Physics – although it was decided by the Nobel committee not to award the prize for special relativity. Only a minority of theoretical physicists such as Abraham, Lorentz, Poincaré, or Langevin still believed in the existence of an aether. Einstein later (1918–1920) qualified his position by arguing that one can speak about a relativistic aether, but the \"idea of motion\" cannot be applied to it. Lorentz and Poincaré had always argued that motion through the aether was undetectable. Einstein used the expression \"special theory of relativity\" in 1915, to distinguish it from general relativity.",
"title": "History of special relativity"
},
{
"docid": "736#80",
"text": "As Einstein later said, the reason for the development of general relativity was that the preference of inertial motions within special relativity was unsatisfactory, while a theory which from the outset prefers no state of motion (even accelerated ones) should appear more satisfactory. Consequently, in 1907 he published an article on acceleration under special relativity. In that article titled \"On the Relativity Principle and the Conclusions Drawn from It\", he argued that free fall is really inertial motion, and that for a free-falling observer the rules of special relativity must apply. This argument is called the equivalence principle. In the same article, Einstein also predicted the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, gravitational red shift and deflection of light.",
"title": "Albert Einstein"
},
{
"docid": "1790788#2",
"text": "The failure of any known experiment to detect motion through the aether led Hendrik Lorentz, starting in 1892, to develop a theory of electrodynamics based on an immobile luminiferous aether (about whose material constitution Lorentz didn't speculate), physical length contraction, and a \"local time\" in which Maxwell's equations retain their form in all inertial frames of reference. Working with Lorentz's aether theory, Henri Poincaré, having earlier proposed the \"relativity principle\" as a general law of nature (including electrodynamics and gravitation), used this principle in 1905 to correct Lorentz's preliminary transformation formulas, resulting in an exact set of equations that are now called the Lorentz transformations. A little later in the same year Albert Einstein published his original paper on special relativity in which, again based on the relativity principle, he independently derived and radically reinterpreted the Lorentz transformations by changing the fundamental definitions of space and time intervals, while abandoning the absolute simultaneity of Galilean kinematics, thus avoiding the need for any reference to a luminiferous aether in classical electrodynamics. Subsequent work of Hermann Minkowski, in which he introduced a 4-dimensional geometric \"spacetime\" model for Einstein's version of special relativity, paved the way for Einstein's later development of his general theory of relativity and laid the foundations of relativistic field theories.",
"title": "History of special relativity"
},
{
"docid": "74327#18",
"text": "General relativity was developed by Einstein in the years 1907 - 1915. General relativity postulates that the global Lorentz covariance of special relativity becomes a local Lorentz covariance in the presence of matter. The presence of matter \"curves\" spacetime, and this curvature affects the path of free particles (and even the path of light). General relativity uses the mathematics of differential geometry and tensors in order to describe gravitation as an effect of the geometry of spacetime. Einstein based this new theory on the general principle of relativity, and he named the theory after the underlying principle.See the special relativity references and the general relativity references.",
"title": "Principle of relativity"
},
{
"docid": "1790788#49",
"text": "Nearly simultaneously with Einstein, also Minkowski (1908) considered the special case of uniform accelerations within the framework of his space-time formalism. He recognized that the world-line of such an accelerated body corresponds to a hyperbola. This notion was further developed by Born (1909) and Sommerfeld (1910), with Born introducing the expression \"hyperbolic motion\". He noted that uniform acceleration can be used as an approximation for any form of acceleration within special relativity. In addition, Harry Bateman and Ebenezer Cunningham (1910) showed that Maxwell's equations are invariant under a much wider group of transformation than the Lorentz-group, i.e., the spherical wave transformations, being a form of conformal transformations. Under those transformations the equations preserve their form for some types of accelerated motions. A general covariant formulation of electrodynamics in Minkowski space was eventually given by Friedrich Kottler (1912), whereby his formulation is also valid for general relativity. Concerning the further development of the description of accelerated motion in special relativity, the works by Langevin and others for rotating frames (Born coordinates), and by Wolfgang Rindler and others for uniform accelerated frames (Rindler coordinates) must be mentioned.",
"title": "History of special relativity"
}
] | [
0.1455807089805603,
0.4095730185508728,
-0.3359646201133728,
0.2559814453125,
0.1977318674325943,
-0.020476022735238075,
0.537353515625,
-0.3325059711933136,
0.0834452286362648,
0.2334865927696228,
-0.2542453408241272,
-0.1416490375995636,
-0.3203125,
0.1444108784198761,
-0.4607204794883728,
-0.0950113907456398,
0.6081271767616272,
-0.1858283132314682,
-0.0358751080930233,
-0.008658302947878838,
0.013026343658566475,
0.4248860776424408,
-0.1955159455537796,
0.2135687917470932,
0.1979234516620636,
0.3084581196308136,
-0.3652614951133728,
0.1066368967294693,
-0.2289191335439682,
0.6554904580116272,
0.2841932475566864,
-0.1177435964345932,
0.08739005029201508,
0.4295925498008728,
-0.2456122487783432,
0.3127305805683136,
0.3264566957950592,
0.2973700761795044,
0.0534905344247818,
0.3033040463924408,
-0.2217542827129364,
-0.0412139892578125,
0.0653245747089386,
-0.0318281389772892,
0.109130859375,
0.024932861328125,
0.1441785991191864,
-0.12267812341451645,
0.14387808740139008,
0.0494181327521801,
-0.487548828125,
0.0022447374649345875,
-0.2377658486366272,
-0.1436614990234375,
-0.25927734375,
0.5666232705116272,
0.1189524307847023,
0.7131618857383728,
-0.0884162038564682,
0.1331787109375,
0.2373318076133728,
0.1696912944316864,
-0.0262569859623909,
-0.1266716867685318,
0.0914069265127182,
0.2905544638633728,
0.0840047225356102,
0.1267191618680954,
0.1083204448223114,
0.1926812082529068,
0.0813089981675148,
0.6110568642616272,
0.3759223222732544,
0.03455013781785965,
0.0365159772336483,
-0.0006745656137354672,
-0.1540662944316864,
0.3800727128982544,
0.1137797012925148,
-0.5297309160232544,
0.1285671591758728,
-0.1693047434091568,
-0.034515380859375,
0.2925754189491272,
-0.02643839456140995,
0.3030327558517456,
-0.08349609375,
0.1176249161362648,
-0.0934058278799057,
0.4628363847732544,
-0.1881120502948761,
-0.0534498430788517,
0.2231496125459671,
0.0347171351313591,
0.2186279296875,
0.14628008008003235,
0.1175299733877182,
-0.3130374550819397,
-0.02719540148973465,
-0.19538794457912445,
0.0575697161257267,
-0.2522786557674408,
-0.5273979902267456,
0.3474663496017456,
0.0979953333735466,
-0.3656005859375,
-0.2017924040555954,
-0.017038345336914062,
0.1521063894033432,
0.3397895097732544,
0.3854912519454956,
-0.3053114116191864,
0.2674967348575592,
-0.0288119837641716,
0.047094132751226425,
0.1814236044883728,
0.29197776317596436,
0.0361802838742733,
-0.2644144594669342,
-0.7797309160232544,
0.286376953125,
0.1639404296875,
-0.3137885332107544,
-0.1687639057636261,
-0.16297827661037445,
-0.0743747279047966,
0.6724717617034912,
-0.1085442453622818,
0.5746527910232544,
0.6724175214767456,
-0.0812581405043602,
0.0943739116191864,
0.4270833432674408,
0.3898111879825592,
-0.009470622055232525,
0.28118896484375,
0.1347520649433136,
0.015643397346138954,
-0.23313692212104797,
-0.5184733271598816,
-0.1556972861289978,
0.2705484926700592,
-0.041778564453125,
0.5603569746017456,
-0.3068440854549408,
0.2291124165058136,
-0.0564354807138443,
0.2694634199142456,
-0.028962453827261925,
0.3214382529258728,
0.5087890625,
0.12477365881204605,
-0.03584882989525795,
0.3405219316482544,
-0.1360812783241272,
0.1781870573759079,
0.3345268964767456,
0.308837890625,
-0.0664638951420784,
0.0239223912358284,
0.71142578125,
0.2919921875,
-0.002093845047056675,
-0.1246744766831398,
0.0953080952167511,
0.0820855051279068,
-0.1630350798368454,
0.24459753930568695,
0.6110026240348816,
-0.2869737446308136,
-0.4127332866191864,
-0.0859375,
0.2704806923866272,
0.02048577181994915,
-0.039535097777843475,
0.2718099057674408,
-0.4295383095741272,
0.2587348222732544,
0.1358167827129364,
0.1544867604970932,
-0.0263832937926054,
0.1288350373506546,
0.3207939863204956,
0.10828903317451477,
0.5965983271598816,
0.18017578125,
0.014281166717410088,
-0.3595072329044342,
-0.2032877653837204,
0.08674367517232895,
0.20526123046875,
-0.1510365754365921,
0.5254177451133728,
-0.0838436558842659,
-0.030252031981945038,
-0.09336301684379578,
-0.04952917993068695,
0.3329128623008728,
-0.0301547572016716,
0.3307427167892456,
-0.3522881269454956,
-0.0718655064702034,
-0.3827582597732544,
0.199951171875,
0.2889133095741272,
-0.3193088173866272,
-0.08293066918849945,
0.3128068745136261,
-0.1979573518037796,
0.11713430285453796,
-0.0722995325922966,
-0.0009359783725813031,
0.5010850429534912,
0.2289089560508728,
0.019841393455863,
0.3446587324142456,
0.3101671040058136,
0.3943413496017456,
0.3419257402420044,
0.1157362163066864,
-0.1126302108168602,
0.439453125,
-0.1114908829331398,
-0.1462758332490921,
-0.09158071130514145,
-0.0293850377202034,
-0.05731116235256195,
-0.6012098789215088,
0.1773817241191864,
0.3258599042892456,
0.4227430522441864,
0.2742983400821686,
0.012486775405704975,
-0.4439154863357544,
0.3578016459941864,
0.08816952258348465,
0.6980794072151184,
-0.2283392995595932,
0.1584676057100296,
0.13478237390518188,
0.2821451723575592,
0.4528944194316864,
-0.1419338583946228,
-0.4865993857383728,
0.4214138388633728,
-0.1731906533241272,
0.6693251132965088,
0.5069715976715088,
-0.2550184428691864,
-0.2327202707529068,
0.1423441618680954,
0.0923241525888443,
-0.0817159041762352,
0.4790852963924408,
-0.5040147304534912,
0.1886800080537796,
0.1628044992685318,
-0.0651213601231575,
0.1558193564414978,
-0.011921352706849575,
0.2356804758310318,
0.1667819619178772,
0.2368435263633728,
0.3582356870174408,
-0.3847385048866272,
-0.1369221955537796,
0.5174967646598816,
0.507080078125,
0.1546630859375,
0.3382161557674408,
0.4842122495174408,
-0.1528218537569046,
0.16229248046875,
0.2717013955116272,
-0.2334255576133728,
0.0211012102663517,
0.2328152060508728,
0.03755728527903557,
-0.3186441957950592,
0.1740383505821228,
0.3590766191482544,
0.4561360776424408,
-0.1872694194316864,
0.17119275033473969,
0.3966742753982544,
0.0791558176279068,
-0.1167416051030159,
-0.4337565004825592,
0.12171003222465515,
-0.25,
0.0880381241440773,
0.3138292133808136,
-0.1790839284658432,
-0.3461642861366272,
0.214691162109375,
0.0023328992538154125,
0.2189127653837204,
-0.0944569930434227,
0.2718777060508728,
-0.2129313200712204,
0.3982611894607544,
-0.4049207866191864,
0.08050537109375,
0.590087890625,
0.0298750139772892,
-0.1252254843711853,
0.1316731721162796,
0.3037177324295044,
0.114532470703125,
0.5765516757965088,
0.4743923544883728,
-0.42724609375,
-0.1250440776348114,
0.3831515908241272,
0.5887044072151184,
0.1643947958946228,
-0.0715959370136261,
0.04529380798339844,
0.26513671875,
0.2104932963848114,
-0.1212107315659523,
-0.2717691957950592,
-0.3672146201133728,
0.2343071848154068,
0.0562608502805233,
-0.8301866054534912,
0.2167341411113739,
-0.2919650673866272,
0.1490546315908432,
0.1263207346200943,
0.0592854805290699,
0.5155978798866272,
-0.1531439870595932,
-0.1842786967754364,
-0.13615840673446655,
-0.012049781158566475,
-0.0316857248544693,
0.4791395366191864,
0.0997127965092659,
0.15848752856254578,
0.08935122936964035,
0.0977952778339386,
0.025953399017453194,
0.2948269248008728,
-0.3460828959941864,
0.1484341025352478,
-0.0602484792470932,
0.09128231555223465,
0.0784233957529068,
0.15228271484375,
0.3299831748008728,
-0.0981377512216568,
0.0350104421377182,
0.2228664755821228,
-0.05600399523973465,
0.0476565882563591,
0.4669325053691864,
0.1731635183095932,
0.5085178017616272,
-0.2781711220741272,
0.2231174111366272,
0.2900797426700592,
0.6123589277267456,
-0.1382853239774704,
0.5022515058517456,
0.0947977676987648,
-0.0754021555185318,
-0.3024224042892456,
0.1379954069852829,
0.4090982973575592,
0.0725640207529068,
-0.1470760703086853,
0.01743655651807785,
0.057232752442359924,
-0.4363335371017456,
-0.10579130053520203,
0.1843465119600296,
0.2797785997390747,
0.4447428286075592,
0.3380262553691864,
0.5005154013633728,
0.6207682490348816,
0.5006510615348816,
0.1078898087143898,
-0.1419169157743454,
-0.05562083050608635,
-0.3130289614200592,
-0.3827853798866272,
0.18084716796875,
-0.3912760317325592,
0.2321099191904068,
0.0580190010368824,
0.0337066650390625,
0.1271701455116272,
-0.4102783203125,
-0.0057398476637899876,
-0.0160530935972929,
0.3556586503982544,
0.3927408754825592,
-0.2813178300857544,
0.040130615234375,
0.2452053427696228,
0.2523057758808136,
0.2837999165058136,
4.243923664093018,
-0.07709884643554688,
0.3002794086933136,
-0.3969184160232544,
-0.2705078125,
0.0976087749004364,
0.22906494140625,
-0.4301351010799408,
0.2429063618183136,
-0.0629831925034523,
-0.1667616069316864,
0.2290056049823761,
-0.07403331249952316,
0.2677205502986908,
-0.1891276091337204,
-0.0388556569814682,
0.18756400048732758,
0.2374674528837204,
-0.1543782502412796,
0.1637234091758728,
-0.5199381709098816,
0.7703450322151184,
0.2375759482383728,
-0.1528354287147522,
0.19879150390625,
0.089080810546875,
0.4258626401424408,
0.2669270932674408,
0.3099772036075592,
0.4421657919883728,
0.34027099609375,
-0.01697879284620285,
-0.09462674707174301,
0.027150047942996025,
-0.6865776777267456,
-0.14952002465724945,
0.4228244423866272,
-0.0867852121591568,
0.1057044118642807,
0.0099631417542696,
0.033628251403570175,
0.2726372480392456,
0.2508510947227478,
0.3874782919883728,
0.3562079668045044,
-0.1048923060297966,
-0.2983669638633728,
0.3994140625,
0.1283942312002182,
-0.2058461457490921,
0.1174655482172966,
-0.2468668669462204,
-0.059866588562726974,
0.2786865234375,
0.4022623598575592,
0.4966905415058136,
0.044965848326683044,
0.666015625,
0.1655680388212204,
-0.1325344443321228,
-0.3732638955116272,
-0.0765346959233284,
-0.0354326032102108,
-0.0036078558769077063,
-0.1641303151845932,
-0.0487348772585392,
0.4097493588924408,
-0.03092108853161335,
0.2777777910232544,
0.24896240234375,
0.15296342968940735,
0.3721788227558136,
0.5408528447151184,
-0.2237820029258728,
0.13386620581150055,
-0.2143690288066864,
-0.4593370258808136,
0.0841539204120636,
0.1042972132563591,
0.2578396201133728,
-0.0213470458984375,
-0.15887451171875,
-0.1027798131108284,
-0.025168947875499725,
-0.08380126953125,
0.4854058027267456,
0.1679551899433136,
-0.27740901708602905,
0.2819010317325592,
-0.03491758555173874,
0.4157443642616272,
0.1822882741689682,
0.3839246928691864,
-0.3159044086933136,
0.42529296875,
0.2091234028339386,
-0.03649647906422615,
-3.997612953186035,
0.3510877788066864,
-0.07664118707180023,
0.007336086593568325,
0.0897894948720932,
-0.1275634765625,
-0.0978274866938591,
0.1459723562002182,
-0.2343614399433136,
0.3144260048866272,
-0.21156904101371765,
0.3025987446308136,
-0.2245144248008728,
0.2589399516582489,
0.03797827661037445,
0.1110144704580307,
0.3010525107383728,
0.0034319560509175062,
0.4721950888633728,
-0.055223677307367325,
-0.00012885199976153672,
-0.0673421248793602,
0.543701171875,
-0.2279459685087204,
0.5113932490348816,
-0.02039252407848835,
0.3555772602558136,
-0.15679931640625,
-0.2209337055683136,
-0.104248046875,
0.0518154576420784,
0.1640845388174057,
0.6165907382965088,
-0.0757327601313591,
0.5112033486366272,
0.1823255717754364,
0.2073703408241272,
0.3342691957950592,
0.4175889790058136,
0.3966878354549408,
-0.1594746857881546,
-0.1859029084444046,
0.2504476010799408,
0.0819837749004364,
-0.01198662631213665,
0.1670803427696228,
-0.3417833149433136,
0.2401801198720932,
-0.2707248330116272,
0.1879916787147522,
0.517333984375,
0.3629557192325592,
0.1050381138920784,
0.010007222183048725,
0.3152126669883728,
-0.0612419992685318,
0.1664683073759079,
0.3208821713924408,
0.0780232772231102,
0.1259121298789978,
0.0413309745490551,
0.0456576868891716,
0.2103678435087204,
0.02742682583630085,
0.323150634765625,
-0.149139404296875,
0.4610731303691864,
0.6573079228401184,
0.2979465126991272,
-0.1831597238779068,
0.3710191547870636,
0.2289225310087204,
0.2894693911075592,
-0.4261339008808136,
0.3424072265625,
0.4428439736366272,
-0.0215013287961483,
-0.05826907604932785,
0.4136962890625,
0.2349921315908432,
-0.13836669921875,
-0.3035888671875,
-0.5141872763633728,
0.1241658553481102,
2.26953125,
0.3380533754825592,
2.282660484313965,
0.2504611611366272,
0.06475830078125,
0.1267496794462204,
-0.1067487895488739,
0.13525390625,
0.1171213760972023,
-0.20959430932998657,
-0.1036461740732193,
0.1113111674785614,
-0.1667073518037796,
0.2128702849149704,
-0.025238037109375,
-0.3421495258808136,
0.3499349057674408,
-0.9717339277267456,
0.26318782567977905,
-0.2792833149433136,
0.3071831464767456,
0.1137186661362648,
-0.05828857421875,
0.1861065775156021,
0.1624789834022522,
0.138427734375,
-0.0396135114133358,
-0.233642578125,
0.0939873605966568,
-0.1509653776884079,
-0.0702379047870636,
0.3755154013633728,
0.05008697509765625,
0.09215397387742996,
0.00022718642139807343,
0.400146484375,
0.2606879472732544,
4.66015625,
0.1602240651845932,
-0.1933525949716568,
0.2780897319316864,
0.0385945625603199,
0.0457136370241642,
0.351318359375,
0.1108245849609375,
-0.0697953999042511,
-0.0462985560297966,
-0.055633705109357834,
0.0587751604616642,
-0.1601291298866272,
0.1241082102060318,
-0.04207102581858635,
0.0597483329474926,
0.0816785991191864,
0.13641272485256195,
0.06931877136230469,
0.3198648989200592,
0.2966037392616272,
0.1373375803232193,
0.1658732146024704,
-0.00199847761541605,
0.2592231035232544,
0.2774522602558136,
-0.14203940331935883,
-0.5449489951133728,
-0.0194863211363554,
0.1921183317899704,
0.01700846292078495,
5.474826335906982,
-0.2404632568359375,
0.1031578928232193,
-0.34765625,
-0.0568678118288517,
0.2646213173866272,
-0.2055257111787796,
-0.010569254867732525,
-0.2197435200214386,
-0.03808000311255455,
-0.1133151575922966,
-0.1912095844745636,
-0.1706678569316864,
0.4623209536075592,
0.1228705495595932,
0.4496663510799408,
0.086944580078125,
-0.12721379101276398,
0.0435502789914608,
-0.0633544921875,
0.1940375417470932,
-0.0867987722158432,
0.2844509482383728,
-0.3638109564781189,
-0.036713916808366776,
0.2413567453622818,
-0.0730997696518898,
0.5024142861366272,
-0.015917565673589706,
0.039164647459983826,
0.4388020932674408,
0.4888509213924408,
-0.1724650114774704,
0.1965060830116272,
-0.11685095727443695,
0.2883165180683136,
0.3236762285232544,
0.0455576591193676,
-0.12774658203125,
-0.0458458811044693,
0.2552761435508728,
0.2639499306678772,
-0.2630568742752075,
-0.013630760833621025,
-0.2584330141544342,
-0.011454264633357525,
-0.16407860815525055,
0.1633199006319046,
0.02245214208960533,
-0.1196695938706398,
0.2870551347732544,
0.197021484375,
0.9590928554534912,
0.4174397885799408,
0.3661973774433136,
0.3753526508808136,
-0.06802114099264145,
-0.02012125588953495,
0.367919921875,
-0.015569050796329975,
0.2261284738779068,
-0.0171034075319767,
0.1528795063495636,
0.3649088442325592,
0.5810004472732544,
0.17715242505073547,
-0.09822802990674973,
-0.1662326455116272,
0.68505859375,
-0.1913621723651886,
-0.0400780588388443,
0.1435292512178421,
0.10309430956840515,
0.2470431923866272,
-0.0679185688495636,
0.124298095703125,
0.0007476806640625,
-0.3302815854549408,
0.1744232177734375,
-0.03055487759411335,
-0.5354817509651184,
-0.2119276225566864,
-0.43359375,
0.4905327558517456,
0.2857428789138794,
0.0714992955327034,
-0.4716796875,
-0.0004253387451171875,
-0.16819041967391968,
-0.1642320454120636,
0.1032172292470932,
-0.2694837749004364,
-0.3828396201133728,
0.5914170742034912,
0.1528879851102829,
0.06827206164598465,
0.8037651777267456,
0.4634060263633728,
-0.12172359973192215,
0.3321533203125,
-0.2807481586933136,
0.2567545473575592,
-0.3172403872013092,
0.2318115234375,
0.2248399555683136,
-0.1734415739774704,
0.3884819746017456,
0.04877980425953865,
-0.12984848022460938,
-0.0273115374147892,
0.4629720151424408,
0.2788560688495636,
-0.3968370258808136,
-0.2956000566482544,
-0.0503879114985466
] |
31 | Why do witches have pointed hats? | [
{
"docid": "19069450#0",
"text": "A witch hat (), in popular culture, is the style of hat characterized by a conical crown and a wide brim (like akubras and gats).\nThe origins of the witch hat as displayed today is disputed. A common theory is that it is an exaggeration of the edgeless hats associated with the Welsh and later the Puritans, or an exaggeration of the conical hats believed to stimulate the brain of the wearer. These \"thinking caps\" are the precursors to the modern dunce cap. Church despised pointy hats given that the points were often related to those of the devil's horns. The witch hat is a more brimmed version of the cone-shaped hats commonly worn by male-gendered wizards and magicians, as the hat was more brimmed for it to be female-appropriate. As of the Victorian era, fairy tales began depicting black-colored conical hats and crones as symbols of wickedness in their illustrations. Another possibility is that in Luna, a town of the Etruscan civilization, there were coins on one side depicting a goddess commonly associated with witches, named Diana, wearing a brimless, cone-shaped hat.",
"title": "Witch hat"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "495809#43",
"text": "Perspicacia Tick is a \"\"Witch Finder\"\", a travelling witch with the responsibility of finding young girls who have the potential to be witches. She makes a living as a teacher, a role which has given her a habit of correcting spelling, grammar and punctuation. Since she often finds herself in areas where witches are unwelcome, she has a spring-operated hat that only grows a point when she wants it to, although her name still provides a fairly obvious clue as to her real profession (\"Miss Tick\" = \"Mystic\").",
"title": "Witches (Discworld)"
},
{
"docid": "2414371#17",
"text": "Classical pointed hats are worn by the dwarfs, witches and wizards of European Folklore.",
"title": "Pointed hat"
},
{
"docid": "19069450#1",
"text": "Many woodcuts made during the Middle Ages show witches wearing a variety of different hats, such as headscarves, or witches not even having any head-wear at all and instead showing their hair being windblown. In a lot of modern art, witches are often seen bareheaded or wearing headbands with religious symbols printed on them, such as crescent moons. In religious art, priestesses of the highest power wear a headband as their crown, while the highest-power male priests wear helmets with horns or antlers.",
"title": "Witch hat"
},
{
"docid": "19069450#3",
"text": "How did the conical hat go from being associated with high status, religious or learned women to being a symbol of scorn or evil? By the late Middle Ages, centuries of war and feudalism began to take their toll on societies. With economic and political unrest, social unrest followed. Fearful of what a disaffected peasantry could do to challenge their power, the Catholic Church along with the Noble families of Europe found convenient scapegoats for the ills of society in their pursuit of witches. It also proved quite profitable. It was during the Inquisition that the conical hat first became associated with something shameful. Those who were accused of heresy, teachings that went against church doctrine, were made to wear the capirote to humiliate them. It is thought very likely by many scholars that the Church deliberately chose this symbol in order to undermine the authority of those in European society who were respected for their knowledge when that knowledge came from any source other than the Catholic Church. Women, particularly, made easy targets. High born women were then attacked for their vanity and sinfulness. Those who made dresses too ornate were punished, and the conical hats quickly disappeared from fashion as being sinful indulgences. Having already successfully reduced an ancient symbol of wisdom to one of vanity and then to shame, it was not such a far step for the Church to further turn it into a symbol of evil and magic. \nThis hat has been worn by the following fictional characters:Depending upon the material in which the hat is made, the crown may regularly be observed in a flexed, bent or crumpled condition.",
"title": "Witch hat"
},
{
"docid": "2846041#1",
"text": "It has one of the more colourful names of any British mountain, translating as \"slippery peak of the witch\", perhaps in reference to the boggy conditions underfoot, or because of the resemblance of its pointed profile to an archetypal witch's hat.",
"title": "Pen Llithrig y Wrach"
},
{
"docid": "564239#24",
"text": "White is the traditional color of witches in Oz. The Good Witch of the North wears a pointed white hat and a white gown decorated with stars, while Glinda, the Good Witch of the South (called a \"sorceress\" in later books), wears a pure white dress. Dorothy is taken for a witch not only because she had killed the Wicked Witch of the East, but because her dress is blue and white checked.",
"title": "Land of Oz"
},
{
"docid": "622069#6",
"text": "Granny Weatherwax gives Tiffany her hat but she returns it because she wants to make her own. The novel ends on Tiffany returning \nto the chalk to take the place of her dead grandmother as the witch of the land. She decides to make her hat out of the sky.\n\"A Hat Full of Sky\" has been described as \"compelling and hilarious,\" as well as \"finely tuned\" by Audiofile. Terry Pratchett \"gives a clear nuance to characters\" This book is a piece of \"top notch writing,\" and it is \"definitely worth your attention.\" The Wee Free Men have been received as \"brave, loyal, strong and funny.\" Mr. Pratchett \"isn't afraid to detour into biting satire,\" and his writing is \"achingly beautiful.\"\nThe storyline is \"believable and convincing [by] bringing [the story] down to the grass roots level.\" The book has been described as an \"art form\" and there is \"seldom anything that can beat it.\" \nAlthough the majority of critics receive this book positively, the Washington Post says that this book is \"frustratingly sloppy.\" They go on to say \"it doesn't feel as if Tiffany has earned her victory, or as if Pratchett is doing justice to his inquisitive young heroine.\"",
"title": "A Hat Full of Sky"
},
{
"docid": "53731912#0",
"text": "The madhalla is a traditional hat used in Yemen worn by women. The hats have a wide circular brim and a peaked top. The straw hats are peaked to keep the wearer cool in hot temperatures. Being almost two feet tall, the design promotes air circulation within the hat. They have been noted to resemble witch hats. It is made from plaited strips of date palm (\"nakhl\", ) leaves. They are often worn in Hadhramaut by female herders and field workers who also wear black abayas. The hat can be obtained at some souqs.",
"title": "Madhalla"
},
{
"docid": "38068881#2",
"text": "Witch hazel works as an astringent, a substance that causes the constriction of body tissues. The tannins and flavonoids found in witch hazel have astringent and antioxidant properties, respectively, which are thought to contract and protect blood vessels, thereby reducing inflammation. However, modern witch hazel extracts are often distilled and do not contain tannins due to health concerns.\nWillow bark contains salicin, a compound similar to aspirin that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties. The following table examines why various tribes use willow.",
"title": "Native American ethnobotany"
}
] | [
0.05495567247271538,
0.3729614317417145,
0.1460105925798416,
0.19820556044578552,
-0.2936035096645355,
-0.11333923041820526,
0.533496081829071,
-0.4222656190395355,
0.26691895723342896,
0.25274658203125,
-0.014455413445830345,
-0.361114501953125,
-0.4334472715854645,
0.12286529690027237,
-0.18850097060203552,
-0.23833274841308594,
0.35307615995407104,
0.07125606387853622,
-0.328338623046875,
0.11306457221508026,
-0.17615585029125214,
0.11603393405675888,
-0.03251762315630913,
0.14682617783546448,
0.13017578423023224,
0.05076561123132706,
-0.051659442484378815,
0.16199645400047302,
-0.038771819323301315,
0.3271240293979645,
0.2902465760707855,
-0.569628894329071,
0.008436203002929688,
0.20055541396141052,
-0.2264244109392166,
0.33106690645217896,
0.055097199976444244,
0.3125366270542145,
0.011592483147978783,
-0.22540435194969177,
-0.08879204094409943,
0.1016998291015625,
0.521069347858429,
-0.35698240995407104,
0.17981871962547302,
-0.3919433653354645,
0.02802734449505806,
0.15259094536304474,
0.013668823055922985,
-0.09438781440258026,
0.0005172729725018144,
0.21357879042625427,
0.012362289242446423,
0.01593627966940403,
-0.1538911759853363,
0.5755615234375,
0.301666259765625,
0.537158191204071,
-0.12519225478172302,
-0.03814697265625,
0.49335938692092896,
0.16965942084789276,
-0.14061661064624786,
0.23355713486671448,
0.13825607299804688,
0.06843414157629013,
0.20264282822608948,
0.34288328886032104,
0.2912658751010895,
0.061309814453125,
0.17332153022289276,
0.595458984375,
0.6580566167831421,
-0.20408935844898224,
-0.11820678412914276,
-0.26853638887405396,
-0.08742980659008026,
0.28154295682907104,
0.19629517197608948,
0.21282348036766052,
0.649951159954071,
0.39897459745407104,
0.3367065489292145,
0.2621521055698395,
-0.16696777939796448,
0.3594970703125,
0.10268020629882812,
0.27918702363967896,
0.10068054497241974,
0.3538574278354645,
-0.17725220322608948,
0.2358192503452301,
-0.01562347449362278,
-0.06008606031537056,
0.19358673691749573,
0.09925641864538193,
0.37635499238967896,
-0.12525025010108948,
0.17146912217140198,
-0.01311645470559597,
0.17089232802391052,
-0.3088622987270355,
0.007762146182358265,
0.5997070074081421,
0.35676270723342896,
-0.511962890625,
-0.22557373344898224,
0.23583373427391052,
0.0049346922896802425,
0.39118653535842896,
-0.20740357041358948,
-0.35595703125,
0.20476074516773224,
-0.35246580839157104,
0.0076316655613482,
-0.21244201064109802,
0.41235047578811646,
-0.14390869438648224,
-0.3176403045654297,
-0.6463287472724915,
0.38648682832717896,
0.12431564182043076,
-0.36406248807907104,
0.09911193698644638,
0.16254273056983948,
-0.2601562440395355,
0.5180908441543579,
-0.2908935546875,
0.4800781309604645,
0.44147950410842896,
0.4725341796875,
0.07020187377929688,
-0.05503413826227188,
0.5731445550918579,
0.6894775629043579,
0.5738891363143921,
0.05579834058880806,
-0.14685973525047302,
0.10497798770666122,
-0.09956665337085724,
0.011114883236587048,
0.12290801852941513,
0.25474852323532104,
0.906445324420929,
-0.20537109673023224,
0.11876831203699112,
0.05686035007238388,
0.45795899629592896,
0.3722167909145355,
0.34716796875,
0.5926758050918579,
0.13780060410499573,
0.09133605659008026,
0.3081603944301605,
-0.13085632026195526,
0.11293487250804901,
0.35386353731155396,
-0.09462948143482208,
-0.22651366889476776,
0.06826972961425781,
0.779492199420929,
0.31562501192092896,
-0.04118652269244194,
-0.11083068698644638,
-0.1289493590593338,
0.481201171875,
0.01872711256146431,
0.3189697265625,
0.5711425542831421,
-0.18777771294116974,
0.0039539337158203125,
0.26983642578125,
0.25474852323532104,
-0.3998046815395355,
0.14972229301929474,
0.21030883491039276,
0.21097412705421448,
0.08841629326343536,
-0.1679750382900238,
0.34898680448532104,
0.3628906309604645,
0.4196533262729645,
0.2865234315395355,
0.2616233825683594,
0.6048828363418579,
0.3895019590854645,
-0.06811676174402237,
0.12768249213695526,
-0.36809080839157104,
-0.01723327673971653,
-0.07861633598804474,
0.12352447211742401,
0.6880859136581421,
0.2810302674770355,
-0.03945312649011612,
0.02472362481057644,
-0.24602660536766052,
0.42546385526657104,
0.19956359267234802,
0.22700195014476776,
-0.3780105710029602,
-0.3218627870082855,
-0.32086181640625,
0.040608882904052734,
0.30626219511032104,
-0.16322632133960724,
-0.011575031094253063,
-0.02435913123190403,
-0.3619018495082855,
-0.19717712700366974,
-0.372488409280777,
0.207763671875,
0.33165282011032104,
0.14272041618824005,
-0.1402391493320465,
0.12569579482078552,
-0.26910400390625,
-0.14263001084327698,
0.4743408262729645,
-0.296142578125,
-0.33830565214157104,
0.37489014863967896,
0.0063873291946947575,
-0.23127441108226776,
0.23857422173023224,
-0.03987274318933487,
-0.196929931640625,
-0.43962401151657104,
0.05760803073644638,
-0.13930054008960724,
0.04067077487707138,
-0.07491607964038849,
-0.05170991271734238,
-0.5482177734375,
-0.039922334253787994,
0.33226317167282104,
0.18996581435203552,
-0.030670166015625,
0.13488617539405823,
0.11854858696460724,
0.1079428642988205,
-0.04251251369714737,
-0.15578918159008026,
0.2551025450229645,
0.3564697206020355,
-0.20398560166358948,
-0.2206645905971527,
0.2357177734375,
-0.27142333984375,
-0.4508300721645355,
0.3016601502895355,
-0.06422100216150284,
0.17371825873851776,
0.07166595757007599,
-0.23993530869483948,
0.43354493379592896,
0.22945556044578552,
0.22468872368335724,
0.05555544048547745,
0.2049407958984375,
0.6579345464706421,
0.4345947206020355,
0.4917236268520355,
0.2955322265625,
-0.37502366304397583,
-0.05601539462804794,
0.19115599989891052,
0.6146484613418579,
0.19556578993797302,
-0.06461944431066513,
0.760498046875,
-0.639404296875,
0.5071777105331421,
0.24489136040210724,
-0.44575196504592896,
-0.00701980572193861,
0.4813476502895355,
-0.23750610649585724,
-0.6806640625,
0.5994873046875,
0.48176270723342896,
0.16052857041358948,
-0.44257813692092896,
0.2799316346645355,
0.29235076904296875,
0.34010618925094604,
-0.05268821865320206,
0.20421448349952698,
-0.24595947563648224,
-0.03665008395910263,
0.3145751953125,
0.563793957233429,
-0.10918579250574112,
-0.19442138075828552,
-0.21173401176929474,
0.29194945096969604,
0.24677124619483948,
0.016065215691924095,
0.2808593809604645,
0.0758029967546463,
0.568310558795929,
-0.3916015625,
0.2673278748989105,
0.518627941608429,
-0.048447418957948685,
-0.20590515434741974,
-0.41035157442092896,
0.752612292766571,
-0.22470398247241974,
0.39396971464157104,
0.18476256728172302,
-0.41315919160842896,
-0.19488677382469177,
0.2639526426792145,
0.20882567763328552,
0.5366576910018921,
0.15667419135570526,
-0.014788818545639515,
0.6513671875,
0.0024290084838867188,
-0.12919005751609802,
-0.1108493059873581,
-0.3271728456020355,
-0.37248533964157104,
0.5096191167831421,
-0.4848876893520355,
0.04137439653277397,
-0.24300536513328552,
0.25828248262405396,
-0.14163589477539062,
0.7851318120956421,
0.01862182654440403,
-0.13024291396141052,
-0.07699737697839737,
-0.1816082000732422,
0.18083801865577698,
0.051587678492069244,
0.12805786728858948,
-0.007945251651108265,
-0.1514022797346115,
-0.20801123976707458,
0.06283950805664062,
0.009974956512451172,
0.49345701932907104,
0.20131225883960724,
0.04103393480181694,
0.03372955322265625,
0.10573463141918182,
0.25017088651657104,
-0.11336364597082138,
0.10169410705566406,
-0.05857544019818306,
0.05509643629193306,
-0.4809326231479645,
-0.4385986328125,
-0.2349395751953125,
0.19850310683250427,
0.612963855266571,
-0.0110321044921875,
-0.2806396484375,
0.22109374403953552,
0.3475341796875,
0.29570311307907104,
-0.036481477320194244,
-0.017772674560546875,
-0.6595703363418579,
-0.13104858994483948,
-0.34478759765625,
0.10056152194738388,
0.3341354429721832,
0.035115815699100494,
0.03125143051147461,
-0.07825164496898651,
-0.19549560546875,
0.11293639987707138,
-0.2911376953125,
0.10504722595214844,
0.5794922113418579,
0.512866199016571,
0.5132812261581421,
0.01874847337603569,
0.7647949457168579,
0.38055419921875,
-0.12618103623390198,
0.21990355849266052,
-0.23023681342601776,
-0.32127684354782104,
0.2611328065395355,
0.2955383360385895,
-0.19121703505516052,
0.23314209282398224,
-0.022150803357362747,
-0.2853240966796875,
-0.6039062738418579,
-0.02741546556353569,
0.025753211230039597,
0.04796905443072319,
0.314422607421875,
0.12499237060546875,
0.06737518310546875,
-0.039064787328243256,
0.013149833306670189,
0.45856934785842896,
0.754101574420929,
4.148828029632568,
-0.1642303466796875,
0.4263916015625,
0.10157851874828339,
-0.06580734252929688,
0.0764392837882042,
0.31610107421875,
-0.218170166015625,
0.06322021782398224,
0.33515626192092896,
0.10974426567554474,
-0.21739502251148224,
-0.05668487399816513,
-0.13320311903953552,
-0.1361083984375,
0.38020020723342896,
0.22943267226219177,
0.4607177674770355,
-0.34681397676467896,
0.22623291611671448,
-0.32862550020217896,
0.591235339641571,
0.391845703125,
-0.17202147841453552,
0.7604004144668579,
0.14361190795898438,
0.04628865793347359,
0.07077636569738388,
0.2180633544921875,
0.28632813692092896,
0.20631103217601776,
0.13199004530906677,
0.0789031982421875,
-0.11062546074390411,
-0.767529308795929,
0.02635497972369194,
0.33607178926467896,
0.11785888671875,
0.22122803330421448,
-0.011630100198090076,
-0.21287842094898224,
0.00615005474537611,
-0.095672607421875,
0.759082019329071,
-0.067535400390625,
-0.3429931700229645,
0.09350128471851349,
0.24477538466453552,
0.363882452249527,
-0.031502533704042435,
0.6728515625,
-0.13826294243335724,
-0.050411224365234375,
0.12587890028953552,
0.25421142578125,
0.5577392578125,
0.06319732964038849,
0.32050782442092896,
0.7054198980331421,
0.19200968742370605,
0.45354002714157104,
-0.1169586181640625,
0.2915588319301605,
0.13794860243797302,
-0.1116180419921875,
0.16858521103858948,
-0.23663178086280823,
-0.01585235632956028,
0.19340363144874573,
-0.582592785358429,
-0.037694551050662994,
0.2516723573207855,
-0.30926209688186646,
-0.22587890923023224,
0.12486877292394638,
-0.16407927870750427,
-0.244354248046875,
0.01592102088034153,
0.15360260009765625,
0.012780189514160156,
0.27883607149124146,
-0.20938721299171448,
-0.2754760682582855,
-0.15635986626148224,
-0.1369318962097168,
0.523852527141571,
0.007595062255859375,
0.07498397678136826,
0.17587891221046448,
0.0761835128068924,
-0.18747559189796448,
-0.14610901474952698,
0.2998413145542145,
0.3401245176792145,
-0.35670775175094604,
0.02812499925494194,
0.23232421278953552,
-3.931835889816284,
0.22449950873851776,
0.04940948635339737,
-0.2749877870082855,
0.23475952446460724,
0.18173828721046448,
0.15130463242530823,
0.02492218092083931,
-0.19300536811351776,
0.06916503608226776,
0.024430084973573685,
0.18841552734375,
-0.34370118379592896,
0.4302001893520355,
-0.1305900514125824,
0.24385985732078552,
0.244659423828125,
0.16727904975414276,
0.4869384765625,
-0.2669921815395355,
-0.133087158203125,
0.183055117726326,
0.2784667909145355,
-0.08876953274011612,
-0.18030396103858948,
-0.2089678794145584,
0.20496825873851776,
-0.524340808391571,
-0.3654632568359375,
0.00962905865162611,
0.45814210176467896,
0.09537200629711151,
0.543408215045929,
0.07261047512292862,
-0.0343780517578125,
0.25550538301467896,
0.6076904535293579,
0.03502063825726509,
-0.09364929050207138,
0.135844424366951,
-0.31884765625,
-0.02303161658346653,
-0.09624824672937393,
-0.32012939453125,
0.25811767578125,
0.2291107177734375,
-0.40625,
0.05568647384643555,
-0.23578491806983948,
0.02640991285443306,
0.17340087890625,
0.2586425840854645,
0.36335450410842896,
0.0775352492928505,
0.6675781011581421,
0.22944946587085724,
-0.3689514100551605,
-0.057622529566287994,
0.5738525390625,
0.24702759087085724,
0.14146728813648224,
-0.08384094387292862,
0.12689208984375,
-0.34510499238967896,
0.06023559719324112,
-0.08450774848461151,
0.32048338651657104,
0.2668823301792145,
0.5173095464706421,
0.14156360924243927,
0.029388427734375,
0.01747741736471653,
-0.187652587890625,
-0.31736451387405396,
0.2611938416957855,
0.15785732865333557,
-0.1680145263671875,
-0.12541504204273224,
0.5735839605331421,
0.2565765380859375,
0.10191650688648224,
-0.19676513969898224,
-0.46149903535842896,
0.3321899473667145,
2.345410108566284,
0.05866394191980362,
2.3065428733825684,
0.38823240995407104,
0.06087341159582138,
0.3900512754917145,
-0.26149290800094604,
0.44999998807907104,
0.12704315781593323,
0.195048525929451,
0.39649659395217896,
-0.18230438232421875,
-0.18353882431983948,
0.2540222108364105,
0.157440185546875,
0.152485653758049,
0.26788330078125,
-0.682202160358429,
0.10619964450597763,
-0.4357666075229645,
0.12616539001464844,
0.3430419862270355,
0.08732910454273224,
0.4896484315395355,
0.3448852598667145,
-0.20829467475414276,
-0.3017578125,
0.17594604194164276,
0.2420654296875,
-0.131011962890625,
0.4168945252895355,
0.2648681700229645,
0.38862305879592896,
0.028529023751616478,
-0.2515625059604645,
-0.19688110053539276,
0.06279067695140839,
4.677734375,
-0.2526001036167145,
-0.08583573997020721,
0.10115814208984375,
0.021525193005800247,
0.009006405249238014,
0.24555663764476776,
-0.035901449620723724,
-0.10865020751953125,
0.5999755859375,
0.28410643339157104,
0.034813690930604935,
-0.012579726986587048,
-0.2295989990234375,
0.25929564237594604,
0.3469604551792145,
0.4723144471645355,
-0.04829001426696777,
0.177143856883049,
0.21285362541675568,
0.14813232421875,
0.13649597764015198,
0.41450196504592896,
-0.10491295158863068,
0.24757690727710724,
0.25596922636032104,
0.4693847596645355,
-0.39396971464157104,
-0.08264617621898651,
-0.052581787109375,
-0.03205566480755806,
5.470312595367432,
-0.10366974025964737,
0.2632812559604645,
0.06514453887939453,
0.3180297911167145,
0.24375000596046448,
-0.3657470643520355,
-0.12816467881202698,
0.24195556342601776,
-0.051067303866147995,
-0.07882308959960938,
0.3729003965854645,
0.024042796343564987,
-0.14299535751342773,
-0.016460562124848366,
-0.1692352294921875,
-0.4436279237270355,
-0.24751587212085724,
0.213836669921875,
-0.17398376762866974,
0.3169494569301605,
-0.24751587212085724,
0.17291259765625,
-0.14364394545555115,
-0.3112548887729645,
-0.35704344511032104,
0.3757080137729645,
0.02167816087603569,
-0.2868286073207855,
-0.14250488579273224,
0.3674072325229645,
0.4739746153354645,
-0.3677734434604645,
0.36126708984375,
-0.4358886778354645,
-0.11528930813074112,
0.14397278428077698,
0.519580066204071,
0.6109863519668579,
0.30286866426467896,
0.24025268852710724,
-0.04214344173669815,
-0.4510253965854645,
-0.28504639863967896,
-0.043936919420957565,
0.06789283454418182,
-0.07090282440185547,
-0.10768890380859375,
-0.015197372063994408,
0.03072509728372097,
-0.16708984971046448,
-0.12190704047679901,
1.069189429283142,
0.6099853515625,
-0.20094604790210724,
0.563403308391571,
0.04861908033490181,
0.21798095107078552,
0.33704835176467896,
-0.24875488877296448,
0.2828659117221832,
0.037153054028749466,
-0.08461322635412216,
0.4825439453125,
0.15442505478858948,
-0.083526611328125,
0.02071305550634861,
-0.07408829033374786,
0.71875,
-0.24130859971046448,
-0.15586090087890625,
0.2946716248989105,
-0.27039796113967896,
-0.17972412705421448,
-0.13652344048023224,
0.22259216010570526,
0.26921311020851135,
-0.4482421875,
0.37797850370407104,
0.2325439453125,
-0.30168455839157104,
0.030678177252411842,
0.05744628980755806,
-0.24680176377296448,
0.23346862196922302,
0.11458740383386612,
-0.042722322046756744,
-0.006304931826889515,
0.2970214784145355,
0.034820556640625,
0.39055174589157104,
0.154052734375,
-0.17899779975414276,
0.666595458984375,
0.545605480670929,
0.2994018495082855,
0.3288818299770355,
0.505200207233429,
-0.11226768791675568,
0.15180054306983948,
0.05277710035443306,
0.3061767518520355,
0.01622137986123562,
-0.39848631620407104,
0.12167052924633026,
-0.13598938286304474,
0.196868896484375,
-0.2576049864292145,
0.4097900390625,
-0.06866836547851562,
0.5753418207168579,
0.43499755859375,
-0.07529143989086151,
-0.11871032416820526,
-0.227996826171875
] |
36 | Who was the last Han Dynasty Emperor? | [
{
"docid": "15095694#3",
"text": "Emperor Xian, the last emperor of the Han dynasty, was a descendant of the first emperor Liu Bang. Lasting for over 400 years (the first to last for more than a century), the Han Dynasty is regarded as one of the golden ages of Chinese history. The Han Dynasty was interrupted by the reign of the usurper Wang Mang, who declared the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD); on this basis, the Han Dynasty is generally divided into the Western Han (206 BC – 9 AD and 23–25 AD) and the Eastern Han (25–220 AD). The rulers of the Shu Han, one of the three successor states to the Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, were descended from the Han imperial family, and considered themselves a continuation of the Han Dynasty; they are included below.",
"title": "Chinese emperors family tree (early)"
},
{
"docid": "1380643#1",
"text": "The Han dynasty was founded by the peasant rebel leader (Liu Bang), known posthumously as Emperor Gao (\"r\". 202 –195 BC) or Gaodi. The longest reigning emperor of the dynasty was Emperor Wu (\"r\". 141–87 BC), or Wudi, who reigned for 54 years. The dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang, but he was overthrown in 23 AD and the Han dynasty was reestablished by Liu Xiu, known posthumously as Emperor Guangwu (r. 25–57 AD), or Guangwu Di. The last Han emperor, Emperor Xian (\"r\". 189–220 AD), was a puppet monarch of Chancellor Cao Cao (155–220 AD), who dominated the court and was made King of Wei. In 220 AD, Cao's son Pi usurped the throne as Emperor Wen of Wei (\"r\". 220–226 AD) and ended the Han dynasty.",
"title": "List of emperors of the Han dynasty"
},
{
"docid": "343207#0",
"text": "Ruzi Ying (; 5 – 25), also known as Emperor Ruzi of Han and the personal name of Liu Ying (劉嬰), was the last emperor of the Chinese Western Han Dynasty from 6 CE to 9 CE. After Emperor Ai of Han and Emperor Ping died without heirs, Wang Mang chose the youngest of the available successors in order to maintain his power in the government. The child Ying was soon deposed by Wang Mang who declared the Xin Dynasty in place of the Han. During Xin Dynasty, Ying was under effective house arrest—so much so that as an adult, he did not even know the names of common animals. Before and after the Xin Dynasty was overthrown in 23 CE, many ambitious people claimed to be restoring the Han dynasty. In 25 CE, a rebellion against the temporary Gengshi Emperor used the former Emperor Ruzi as a focus, and when the rebellion was defeated, he was killed. He is often viewed as an innocent child who was the victim of tragic circumstances. (The expression \"Emperor Ruzi\" is a misnomer, as he never assumed the throne and was only named crown prince. Nevertheless, he is commonly referred to as such.)",
"title": "Ruzi Ying"
},
{
"docid": "3034202#0",
"text": "The end of the Han dynasty refers to the period of Chinese history from 189 to 220 AD, which roughly coincides with the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty's last ruler, Emperor Xian. During this period, the country was thrown into turmoil by the Yellow Turban Rebellion (184–205). Meanwhile, the Han Empire's institutions were destroyed by the warlord Dong Zhuo, and fractured into regional regimes ruled by various warlords, some of whom were nobles and officials of the Han imperial court. Eventually, one of those warlords, Cao Cao, was able to gradually reunify the empire, ostensibly under Emperor Xian's rule, but the empire was actually controlled by Cao Cao himself. Cao Cao's efforts to completely reunite the Han empire were rebuffed at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 / 209, when his armies were defeated by the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei. The Han dynasty formally ended in 220 when Cao Cao's son and heir, Cao Pi, pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating in his favour. Cao Pi became the emperor of a new state, Cao Wei. A year later, in response to Cao Pi's usurpation of the Han throne, Liu Bei declared himself emperor of Shu Han; and in 229, Sun Quan followed suit, declaring himself emperor of Eastern Wu. The period from Emperor Xian's abdication in 220 to the partial reunification of China under the Jin dynasty in 265 was known as the Three Kingdoms era in Chinese history.",
"title": "End of the Han dynasty"
},
{
"docid": "343618#16",
"text": "Cao Cao died on 15 March 220. His son and successor, Cao Pi, soon forced Emperor Xian to abdicate the throne in favour of himself, ending the Han dynasty. Cao Pi established a new state known as Cao Wei (sometimes known inaccurately as the Kingdom of Wei), and he granted Emperor Xian a noble title – Duke of Shanyang (山陽公). The former Emperor Xian died in 234 and was buried with honours befitting an emperor, using Han ceremonies, and the then emperor of Wei, Cao Rui, was one of the mourners. As Emperor Xian's crown prince was already dead, his grandson Liu Kang (劉康) inherited his dukedom, which lasted for 75 more years and two more dukes, Liu Jin (劉瑾) and Liu Qiu (劉秋), until the line was exterminated by invading Xiongnu tribes in about 309, during the Jin dynasty. This practice of an emperor conferring hereditary nobility on his predecessor, from whom he usurped the throne, was known as \"er wang san ke\" (二王三恪).",
"title": "Emperor Xian of Han"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "81262#7",
"text": "The later Zhou, the last dynasty of the Five Dynasties period was founded by Guo Wei, a Han Chinese, who served as the Assistant Military Commissioner at the court of the Later Han which was ruled by Shatuo Turks. He founded his dynasty by launching a military coup against the Turkic Later Han Emperor, however his newly established dynasty was short lived and was conquered by the Song Dynasty in 960.\nIn the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127), the sixteen ceded prefectures continued to be an area of contention between Song China and the Liao Dynasty. Later the Southern Song Dynasty abandoned all of North China, including Shanxi, to the Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in 1127 after the Jingkang Incident of the Jin-Song wars.",
"title": "Shanxi"
},
{
"docid": "277563#3",
"text": "Cao Cao died in 220 and was succeeded by his son, Cao Pi, who forced the last Han ruler, Emperor Xian, to abdicate the throne in his favour. Cao Pi then established the state of Cao Wei and declared himself emperor. Liu Bei contested Cao Pi's claim to the throne and proclaimed himself \"Emperor of Shu Han\" in 221. Although Liu Bei is widely seen as the founder of Shu, he never claimed to be the founder of a new dynasty; rather, he viewed Shu as a continuation of the fallen Han dynasty.",
"title": "Shu Han"
},
{
"docid": "343588#2",
"text": "Emperor Ling's reign left the Eastern Han dynasty weak and on the verge of collapse. After his death, the Han Empire disintegrated in chaos for the subsequent decades as various regional warlords fought for power and dominance. (See End of the Han dynasty.) The Han dynasty ended in 220 when Emperor Ling's son, Emperor Xian, abdicated his throne – an event leading to the start of the Three Kingdoms period in China.",
"title": "Emperor Ling of Han"
},
{
"docid": "1679212#3",
"text": "Although nominally under the rule of the Han, these kings were \"de facto\" independent and held considerable power within their territories, which could span several prefectures. As these kingdoms proved unruly, Liu Bang gradually subdued them through conspiracies, wars, and political maneuvering. Many were thus deposed and their kingdoms annexed by Han. As he was dying, the emperor ordered his ministers to swear an oath that only members of the royal house of Liu would be created as kings thenceforth. This injunction was violated by his widow, Empress Dowager Lü, who established several kingdoms with her own relatives as kings. They were destroyed after her death. The last king of the Western Han was Wu Zhu, King Jing of Changsha, who died without an heir in 157 BC. After that, there were no kings outside the royal clan until the end of the Han dynasty, when Cao Cao styled himself King of Wei in AD 216.",
"title": "Kings of the Han dynasty"
},
{
"docid": "343339#1",
"text": "Emperor He was the son of Emperor Zhang. He ascended the throne at the age of nine and reigned for 17 years. It was during Emperor He's reign that the Eastern Han began its decline. Strife between consort clans and eunuchs began when the Empress Dowager Dou (Emperor He's adoptive mother) made her own family members important government officials. Her family was corrupt and intolerant of dissension. In 92, Emperor He was able to remedy the situation by removing the empress dowager's brothers with the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong and his brother Liu Qing the Prince of Qinghe. This in turn created a precedent for eunuchs to be involved in important affairs of state. These trend would continue to escalate for the next century contributing to the fall of the Han dynasty. Further, while Qiang revolts, spurred by corrupt and/or oppressive Han officials, started during his father Emperor Zhang's reign, they began to create major problems for the Han during Emperor He's reign and would last until the reign of Emperor Ling.",
"title": "Emperor He of Han"
}
] | [
0.26868897676467896,
-0.2098388671875,
-0.07740592956542969,
0.00509567279368639,
-0.23131713271141052,
-0.17098388075828552,
0.592578113079071,
-0.3088622987270355,
0.3384155333042145,
0.241607666015625,
-0.12163543701171875,
-0.13126888871192932,
-0.3168701231479645,
0.124913789331913,
-0.3626953065395355,
0.31834715604782104,
0.4051147401332855,
0.07404251396656036,
0.013203049078583717,
0.26129150390625,
-0.09736175835132599,
0.3789306581020355,
-0.030458640307188034,
-0.29902952909469604,
0.26051634550094604,
-0.028315354138612747,
-0.2934326231479645,
0.4081787168979645,
0.03379363939166069,
0.5275634527206421,
0.3190673887729645,
-0.08166961371898651,
-0.05747680738568306,
-0.05560607835650444,
-0.2936950623989105,
0.30872803926467896,
0.02812347374856472,
0.2741943299770355,
-0.462158203125,
0.29230958223342896,
-0.1147972121834755,
0.32878416776657104,
0.35411375761032104,
0.13268128037452698,
0.0321996696293354,
0.03781185299158096,
0.17279167473316193,
0.06169872358441353,
-0.18532410264015198,
0.04933013767004013,
-0.4130615293979645,
0.08563842624425888,
-0.056275464594364166,
-0.16355590522289276,
-0.3553466796875,
0.560009777545929,
-0.3435302674770355,
0.683911144733429,
-0.26615601778030396,
0.1667938232421875,
-0.08786926418542862,
-0.027398299425840378,
-0.182159423828125,
0.18731078505516052,
0.14706726372241974,
0.15037231147289276,
-0.06806087493896484,
0.16150817275047302,
0.09628601372241974,
0.06486587226390839,
-0.20893096923828125,
0.2872253358364105,
0.42070311307907104,
0.10422363132238388,
-0.008493614383041859,
-0.20569458603858948,
-0.04608917236328125,
0.4102783203125,
0.36077880859375,
-0.05941619724035263,
0.887451171875,
-0.06438751518726349,
-0.09687042236328125,
0.20639380812644958,
0.14202269911766052,
0.40812987089157104,
-0.06963882595300674,
0.1883544921875,
0.014979553408920765,
0.514111340045929,
0.0067005157470703125,
-0.0073757171630859375,
-0.19422301650047302,
-0.16724243760108948,
-0.23646850883960724,
-0.082275390625,
0.2941040098667145,
-0.202178955078125,
-0.02504882775247097,
-0.10858052968978882,
-0.07789478451013565,
-0.31586915254592896,
0.028229523450136185,
0.4884033203125,
0.28099364042282104,
-0.4229736328125,
-0.14620056748390198,
0.07830047607421875,
-0.05604543536901474,
0.4035400450229645,
-0.06101379543542862,
-0.22371216118335724,
-0.14175567030906677,
0.27589720487594604,
-0.034481048583984375,
-0.31095123291015625,
0.614367663860321,
-0.12149658054113388,
-0.450042724609375,
-0.828857421875,
0.3554443418979645,
0.21273040771484375,
-0.23308105766773224,
0.20644836127758026,
0.40791016817092896,
-0.3127197325229645,
0.5215088129043579,
0.13132324814796448,
0.46796876192092896,
0.3380981385707855,
-0.20924682915210724,
0.2878967225551605,
0.014893722720444202,
0.34779053926467896,
0.296905517578125,
0.03458862379193306,
0.10638427734375,
0.07351074367761612,
0.08746948093175888,
-0.1569964438676834,
0.08910369873046875,
0.2546447813510895,
0.14551392197608948,
0.554516613483429,
-0.21903076767921448,
0.4032959043979645,
0.02552947960793972,
0.12089691311120987,
0.11320552974939346,
0.08456496894359589,
0.2611755430698395,
0.6568359136581421,
0.07572174072265625,
0.2900634706020355,
0.3543457090854645,
0.3349243104457855,
0.39472657442092896,
-0.3111572265625,
-0.04453468322753906,
0.24158935248851776,
0.720629870891571,
0.429443359375,
0.09619293361902237,
0.06725768744945526,
0.01078185997903347,
0.15908202528953552,
0.042215727269649506,
0.21495819091796875,
0.649609386920929,
-0.24710693955421448,
-0.02634686790406704,
-0.150146484375,
-0.07230529934167862,
-0.20972900092601776,
0.22037963569164276,
0.22971192002296448,
-0.2756149172782898,
0.13833312690258026,
0.10691280663013458,
-0.15062256157398224,
0.29023438692092896,
0.12796935439109802,
0.14494018256664276,
0.14205703139305115,
0.5577636957168579,
0.05693817138671875,
-0.36359864473342896,
-0.17677918076515198,
-0.28559571504592896,
0.12886658310890198,
0.1075098067522049,
-0.13750305771827698,
0.5328124761581421,
0.32183837890625,
0.196177676320076,
0.3356895446777344,
0.07523040473461151,
0.2934936583042145,
-0.17796020209789276,
0.20350341498851776,
0.16145019233226776,
-0.16402587294578552,
-0.4098877012729645,
0.026093292981386185,
0.6475585699081421,
-0.2160186767578125,
0.11708083003759384,
-0.01455535925924778,
-0.248046875,
0.01545562781393528,
0.4732910096645355,
0.026145029813051224,
0.09589538723230362,
0.17948608100414276,
-0.05386810377240181,
0.19917602837085724,
-0.16957397758960724,
-0.14295044541358948,
0.4578857421875,
-0.005708026699721813,
-0.0029747008811682463,
0.5229736566543579,
-0.10617904365062714,
-0.37745362520217896,
0.18115845322608948,
0.06914911419153214,
-0.30314940214157104,
0.014772415161132812,
0.10768432915210724,
0.4515624940395355,
0.3462158143520355,
0.13367614150047302,
0.036949921399354935,
-0.02923583984375,
-0.04385986179113388,
0.3427490293979645,
0.179443359375,
-0.08529587090015411,
-0.29954832792282104,
-0.14315184950828552,
0.4692626893520355,
-0.21761474013328552,
-0.05615692213177681,
-0.034793853759765625,
0.4189697206020355,
-0.25572508573532104,
0.48870849609375,
-0.14529195427894592,
-0.13479919731616974,
-0.17868652939796448,
0.19350585341453552,
-0.12095794826745987,
-0.06952972710132599,
-0.18323364853858948,
-0.21630248427391052,
-0.01139984093606472,
0.2897705137729645,
-0.31019288301467896,
0.028029251843690872,
0.39128416776657104,
0.37993162870407104,
0.02381286583840847,
0.46516114473342896,
0.21648558974266052,
-0.235595703125,
0.04614868015050888,
0.22522583603858948,
0.46875,
0.0728607177734375,
0.627246081829071,
0.3822998106479645,
0.0738372802734375,
0.065027616918087,
-0.14874573051929474,
-0.4066162109375,
0.10775871574878693,
0.05143279954791069,
-0.085454560816288,
-0.33027344942092896,
0.54345703125,
0.4625488221645355,
0.32387083768844604,
-0.3081420958042145,
-0.542431652545929,
0.40184324979782104,
0.5517578125,
-0.38087767362594604,
-0.031299591064453125,
-0.16175861656665802,
-0.10924415290355682,
0.3178466856479645,
0.6400390863418579,
-0.030132770538330078,
-0.571606457233429,
-0.14591598510742188,
0.14669647812843323,
0.1102115660905838,
0.10263977199792862,
0.34326171875,
-0.27435302734375,
0.3876892030239105,
-0.15821990370750427,
0.020668793469667435,
0.3518310487270355,
-0.0076141357421875,
-0.3108276426792145,
-0.20569534599781036,
0.3340820372104645,
-0.23994751274585724,
0.08124084770679474,
0.737353503704071,
-0.29351806640625,
0.027971267700195312,
0.27741700410842896,
-0.05098419263958931,
0.4867187440395355,
0.053212739527225494,
0.17704467475414276,
0.2620910704135895,
-0.02008667029440403,
0.14780274033546448,
-0.06928100436925888,
-0.3872314393520355,
-0.37590330839157104,
0.550707995891571,
-0.7389892339706421,
0.18963623046875,
-0.3553222715854645,
0.49919432401657104,
-0.020731354132294655,
0.8093017339706421,
-0.12847690284252167,
0.03422889858484268,
0.18479613959789276,
-0.00366973876953125,
0.152191162109375,
-0.15490421652793884,
0.628247082233429,
-0.19194336235523224,
0.006047439761459827,
0.17400817573070526,
-0.214161679148674,
-0.09998474270105362,
0.24456787109375,
-0.18839874863624573,
0.15235595405101776,
-0.06609801948070526,
-0.44807130098342896,
0.29426270723342896,
0.18665771186351776,
0.2983642518520355,
0.16980591416358948,
0.11252441257238388,
0.176666259765625,
0.1252899169921875,
-0.30732423067092896,
0.3429718017578125,
0.02129669114947319,
0.08343200385570526,
-0.25285643339157104,
0.08663864433765411,
0.3688720762729645,
0.1476593017578125,
-0.008489829488098621,
0.20620116591453552,
0.33685302734375,
0.14479675889015198,
0.322915643453598,
0.13621482253074646,
0.46098631620407104,
0.04904785007238388,
0.293975830078125,
0.30085450410842896,
0.19055786728858948,
-0.09774170070886612,
-0.15941467881202698,
-0.05948305130004883,
0.638989269733429,
0.22150878608226776,
0.008778381161391735,
-0.003658294677734375,
0.4680419862270355,
0.2551635801792145,
-0.16829223930835724,
-0.15443114936351776,
-0.3896728456020355,
-0.05078162997961044,
0.13469848036766052,
-0.1593780517578125,
-0.48896485567092896,
0.021170426160097122,
-0.18015746772289276,
-0.06308288872241974,
-0.11542205512523651,
-0.537109375,
-0.20821532607078552,
-0.17243652045726776,
0.16694489121437073,
-0.23624877631664276,
0.0066680908203125,
0.20758667588233948,
0.43048095703125,
0.5701904296875,
0.152130126953125,
4.065039157867432,
-0.04648822546005249,
0.30517578125,
-0.03165130689740181,
0.193817138671875,
-0.00596694927662611,
0.2441558837890625,
0.43616944551467896,
0.034265898168087006,
0.1459503173828125,
-0.2937377989292145,
0.303121954202652,
-0.08636474609375,
0.447509765625,
0.06081400066614151,
0.17020264267921448,
0.4002685546875,
0.001964569091796875,
-0.032404422760009766,
0.48088377714157104,
-0.3353515565395355,
0.10400696098804474,
0.3243408203125,
0.5789550542831421,
0.3997558653354645,
-0.08763732761144638,
-0.1412818878889084,
0.16669921576976776,
0.14947509765625,
0.18318787217140198,
0.32603150606155396,
-0.10862655937671661,
0.16543731093406677,
0.13473205268383026,
-0.867138683795929,
0.21857909858226776,
0.3116821348667145,
0.14705809950828552,
-0.09277953952550888,
0.09538392722606659,
-0.39097899198532104,
-0.4153808653354645,
0.01548156701028347,
0.22124023735523224,
0.4040161073207855,
-0.12682266533374786,
-0.07763977348804474,
0.30218505859375,
-0.17484740912914276,
0.056670092046260834,
-0.12149123847484589,
-0.21678467094898224,
-0.24322509765625,
-0.14141845703125,
0.2885498106479645,
0.46406251192092896,
0.03448944166302681,
0.746337890625,
0.25421142578125,
0.26255494356155396,
-0.14072570204734802,
-0.2945922911167145,
0.10028686374425888,
0.16807250678539276,
-0.22156982123851776,
-0.08729324489831924,
0.2720947265625,
0.333242803812027,
0.04502525180578232,
-0.266195684671402,
0.53466796875,
0.3007446229457855,
0.22792968153953552,
-0.09821386635303497,
-0.129241943359375,
-0.0531553253531456,
-0.27753907442092896,
-0.01812896691262722,
0.07332496345043182,
0.06150875240564346,
0.22112426161766052,
-0.22967758774757385,
0.0719757080078125,
-0.03176116943359375,
-0.0054168701171875,
0.504565417766571,
-0.0705791488289833,
-0.2595458924770355,
0.31074219942092896,
0.1162487044930458,
0.27471923828125,
0.14013671875,
0.3072265684604645,
0.2587951719760895,
-0.10628052055835724,
-0.05487862974405289,
0.021584320813417435,
-4.037499904632568,
0.06656341254711151,
0.021860122680664062,
-0.16018982231616974,
0.13731078803539276,
-0.038170624524354935,
-0.03795471042394638,
0.28489989042282104,
-0.260415643453598,
0.0028289793990552425,
0.12905272841453552,
0.20368652045726776,
-0.21369628608226776,
0.168914794921875,
-0.07071609795093536,
0.028092574328184128,
-0.17018432915210724,
0.2621093690395355,
0.23694458603858948,
-0.07319335639476776,
-0.02939910814166069,
0.15721282362937927,
0.6668945550918579,
-0.4185791015625,
-0.14830932021141052,
-0.18544921278953552,
0.21484985947608948,
0.12601013481616974,
0.18135376274585724,
0.03914642333984375,
0.05695190280675888,
0.0022232055198401213,
0.826464831829071,
-0.08692102134227753,
0.042234133929014206,
0.3887695372104645,
0.49534910917282104,
-0.30119627714157104,
0.427734375,
0.617626965045929,
-0.19091185927391052,
-0.12238769233226776,
0.21346740424633026,
-0.0679832473397255,
-0.08569488674402237,
0.5350341796875,
-0.5512939691543579,
0.07936859130859375,
-0.520190417766571,
0.2561401426792145,
0.3902343809604645,
0.5188964605331421,
-0.08068542182445526,
0.16339722275733948,
0.47004395723342896,
-0.06720886379480362,
-0.43858641386032104,
-0.556262195110321,
0.7279297113418579,
-0.11972503364086151,
0.12959519028663635,
-0.24238204956054688,
0.040189363062381744,
0.03437500074505806,
0.0004837036249227822,
0.4110107421875,
0.20066681504249573,
0.2997070252895355,
0.23417434096336365,
-0.25634080171585083,
0.0050216675736010075,
0.10249481350183487,
-0.027317428961396217,
0.01026229839771986,
0.08255662769079208,
0.077911376953125,
0.02206115797162056,
-0.0755210891366005,
0.6055908203125,
0.3077453672885895,
-0.2865966856479645,
0.21326294541358948,
-0.33642578125,
0.34141236543655396,
2.1680665016174316,
0.3708740174770355,
2.360546827316284,
0.5557616949081421,
-0.04220275953412056,
0.359619140625,
0.09455261379480362,
0.23421935737133026,
0.4762939512729645,
0.03609905391931534,
-0.06306762993335724,
0.5107666254043579,
-0.23637695610523224,
0.16211548447608948,
0.020376969128847122,
-0.27119141817092896,
0.28605955839157104,
-0.7733398675918579,
0.132975772023201,
-0.0041103363037109375,
0.33411866426467896,
-0.15213623642921448,
-0.24805907905101776,
0.3012283444404602,
0.4981689453125,
-0.10339049994945526,
-0.25897216796875,
0.28526610136032104,
-0.361328125,
-0.18344421684741974,
0.03520965576171875,
0.027764510363340378,
0.4114013612270355,
0.051926422864198685,
-0.05167331546545029,
-0.02106933668255806,
0.010901356115937233,
4.708593845367432,
-0.3433776795864105,
-0.35014647245407104,
0.14744262397289276,
0.0799071341753006,
0.08145217597484589,
0.527270495891571,
-0.18379516899585724,
-0.03035736083984375,
0.41840821504592896,
0.470703125,
0.522412121295929,
0.24542236328125,
-0.04767455905675888,
-0.007732725236564875,
0.265646368265152,
0.25639647245407104,
0.2616943418979645,
-0.10738830268383026,
0.22695311903953552,
0.3129028379917145,
-0.1409759521484375,
0.40593260526657104,
-0.13126525282859802,
-0.2757934629917145,
0.503857433795929,
0.18770599365234375,
0.15608520805835724,
-0.04207305982708931,
0.15134277939796448,
-0.3389038145542145,
5.432421684265137,
0.4610351622104645,
0.4892334043979645,
-0.04902343824505806,
0.1628570556640625,
-0.09400177001953125,
-0.14001159369945526,
-0.26616209745407104,
-0.34746092557907104,
-0.10684814304113388,
0.07633285224437714,
0.07880401611328125,
-0.088470458984375,
0.757373034954071,
-0.2693725526332855,
0.536120593547821,
-0.05089263990521431,
0.2710815370082855,
-0.086822509765625,
-0.38945311307907104,
1.1413085460662842,
0.3090148866176605,
0.12306366115808487,
-0.462890625,
-0.0746559128165245,
-0.33546143770217896,
-0.31550294160842896,
0.12762145698070526,
-0.30324095487594604,
-0.194976806640625,
0.2676147520542145,
0.49951171875,
-0.3442802429199219,
0.34113770723342896,
-0.3795166015625,
0.26607054471969604,
0.2528930604457855,
0.16466064751148224,
-0.00004425048973644152,
-0.26343995332717896,
0.41411131620407104,
0.1550392210483551,
-0.19768066704273224,
0.32801514863967896,
-0.266876220703125,
-0.11551056057214737,
-0.12328491359949112,
0.18504638969898224,
-0.18936768174171448,
0.19976195693016052,
0.25465089082717896,
-0.1097412109375,
0.9776855707168579,
0.609130859375,
0.455078125,
0.2740234434604645,
-0.0877954512834549,
-0.06738509982824326,
0.54443359375,
-0.18778076767921448,
0.7081543207168579,
0.05746002122759819,
-0.08579101413488388,
0.036407470703125,
0.2750488221645355,
0.18591919541358948,
0.19818115234375,
-0.24544677138328552,
0.54833984375,
-0.08304290473461151,
0.07020425796508789,
0.26188963651657104,
0.017039109021425247,
0.3754638731479645,
0.10345764458179474,
0.6108154058456421,
0.03706054762005806,
-0.47553712129592896,
0.4223388731479645,
0.33515626192092896,
-0.14833374321460724,
0.12104988098144531,
-0.132060244679451,
-0.01448135357350111,
-0.09284667670726776,
-0.42908936738967896,
-0.07041625678539276,
-0.24628600478172302,
0.09906768798828125,
0.5711425542831421,
0.254302978515625,
-0.17447510361671448,
0.29368287324905396,
0.47893065214157104,
-0.07703781127929688,
0.2930664122104645,
0.22421875596046448,
0.45338135957717896,
0.25007933378219604,
0.22869873046875,
-0.28814697265625,
0.29163819551467896,
0.01299133338034153,
0.1435501128435135,
0.326171875,
0.012935638427734375,
-0.15359345078468323,
0.48332518339157104,
-0.056182097643613815,
0.1039455384016037,
0.2469482421875,
0.3592285215854645,
0.2217639982700348,
-0.0025688172318041325,
0.3296875059604645
] |
39 | When was the first web page released? | [
{
"docid": "33139#6",
"text": "The first web page may be lost, but Paul Jones of UNC-Chapel Hill in North Carolina announced in May 2013 that Berners-Lee gave him what he says is the oldest known web page during a 1991 visit to UNC. Jones stored it on a magneto-optical drive and on his NeXT computer. On 6 August 1991, Berners-Lee published a short summary of the World Wide Web project on the newsgroup \"alt.hypertext\". This date is sometimes confused with the public availability of the first web servers, which had occurred months earlier. As another example of such confusion, several news media reported that the first photo on the Web was published by Berners-Lee in 1992, an image of the CERN house band Les Horribles Cernettes taken by Silvano de Gennaro; Gennaro has disclaimed this story, writing that media were \"totally distorting our words for the sake of cheap sensationalism.\"",
"title": "World Wide Web"
},
{
"docid": "17885119#54",
"text": "Nicola Pellow, one of the nineteen members of the \"WWW Project\" at CERN working with Tim Berners-Lee, is recognized for developing the first cross-platform internet browser, Line Mode Browser, that displayed web-pages on dumb terminals and was released in May 1991. She joined the project in November 1990, while an undergraduate math student enrolled in a sandwich course at Leicester Polytechnic (now De Montfort University). She left CERN at the end of August 1991, but returned after graduating in 1992, and worked with Robert Cailliau on MacWWW, the first web browser for the classic Mac OS.",
"title": "List of Internet pioneers"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "2635512#1",
"text": "The structure and appearance of a web page is described by a combination of two standardized languages:\nHowever, most older web browsers either did not fully implement the specifications for these languages or were developed prior to the finalization of the specifications (Microsoft Internet Explorer version 5.0 for the Macintosh platform, released in 2000, was the first major web browser with full support for CSS Level 1, for example). As a result, many older web pages were constructed to rely upon the older browsers' incomplete or incorrect implementations, and will only render as intended when handled by such a browser.",
"title": "Quirks mode"
},
{
"docid": "4059023#5",
"text": "In the summer of 1993, no search engine existed for the web, though numerous specialized catalogues were maintained by hand. Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva wrote a series of Perl scripts that periodically mirrored these pages and rewrote them into a standard format. This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993.",
"title": "Web search engine"
},
{
"docid": "17530988#2",
"text": "The explosion in popularity of the Web was triggered in September 1993 by NCSA Mosaic, a graphical browser which eventually ran on several popular office and home computers. This was the first web browser aiming to bring multimedia content to non-technical users, and therefore included images and text on the same page, unlike previous browser designs; its founder, Marc Andreessen, also established the company that in 1994, released Netscape Navigator, which resulted in one of the early browser wars, when it ended up in a competition for dominance (which it lost) with Microsoft's Internet Explorer (for Windows).",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"docid": "1599174#6",
"text": "Microsoft publicly released the initial version of the font on November 1, 1996 as part of the core fonts for the Web collection, and later bundled it with the Internet Explorer 4.0 supplemental font pack: these releases made it available for installation on both Windows and Macintosh computers. This made it a popular choice for web designers, as pages specifying Georgia as a font choice would display identically on both types if users installed the core fonts package (or later Internet Explorer), simplifying development and testing. Its creators also produced at the same time Verdana, the first Microsoft sans serif screen font, for the same purposes. Some early public releases of Georgia included number designs between upper and lower-case, similar to those later released with Miller. Carter was asked by Robert Norton, Microsoft's type director, to change these to text, a decision Carter later considered an improvement.",
"title": "Georgia (typeface)"
},
{
"docid": "14539#30",
"text": "When the Web developed in the 1990s, a typical web page was stored in completed form on a web server, formatted in HTML, complete for transmission to a web browser in response to a request. Over time, the process of creating and serving web pages has become dynamic, creating a flexible design, layout, and content. Websites are often created using content management software with, initially, very little content. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members of an organization or the public, fill underlying databases with content using editing pages designed for that purpose while casual visitors view and read this content in HTML form. There may or may not be editorial, approval and security systems built into the process of taking newly entered content and making it available to the target visitors.",
"title": "Internet"
},
{
"docid": "7645630#4",
"text": "Among the first to place their listings on the Web was Pacific Bell's now-defunct “At Hand” online yellow pages that was officially launched on August 30, 1996. At Hand debuted with approximately 1.2 million merchant listings from across California. At the time, the service was competing with BigBook.com, a nationwide Web directory that was since absorbed by SuperPages.",
"title": "Electronic Yellow Pages"
},
{
"docid": "13692#112",
"text": "As the Web grew, search engines and Web directories were created to track pages on the Web and allow people to find things. The first full-text Web search engine was WebCrawler in 1994. Before WebCrawler, only Web page titles were searched. Another early search engine, Lycos, was created in 1993 as a university project, and was the first to achieve commercial success. During the late 1990s, both Web directories and Web search engines were popular—Yahoo! (founded 1994) and Altavista (founded 1995) were the respective industry leaders. By August 2001, the directory model had begun to give way to search engines, tracking the rise of Google (founded 1998), which had developed new approaches to relevancy ranking. Directory features, while still commonly available, became after-thoughts to search engines.",
"title": "History of the Internet"
},
{
"docid": "312133#15",
"text": "Ty, Inc. was the first business to produce a business to consumer Website designed to engage their market. This is a major contributing factor to the early and rapidly growing popularity of Beanie Babies. By the time the first iteration of the Ty Web site was published in late 1995, only 1.4% of Americans were using the Internet. In tandem with the launch of the Ty Website, all Beanie Baby hangtags had the Ty Website URL and a call to action printed underneath the poems and birthdays that commanded audiences to visit the company Web site with text that read: \"Visit our web page!!!\" As a result, hordes of consumers were visiting the Ty Web site by the thousands to gain information about Beanie Babies which was completely unprecedented at that time. Ty is the first business to leverage their Web site to connect and engage with consumers of their products. This effort evolved into the world's first Internet sensation.",
"title": "Beanie Babies"
}
] | [
0.30792236328125,
0.22069701552391052,
-0.46611326932907104,
-0.128123477101326,
-0.15163573622703552,
0.0007507324335165322,
0.2642578184604645,
-0.403564453125,
0.23052978515625,
0.16234131157398224,
-0.270651251077652,
-0.1846923828125,
-0.29149168729782104,
0.19101867079734802,
-0.22810058295726776,
-0.3982910215854645,
0.5234375,
0.06880149990320206,
0.26115113496780396,
0.031429290771484375,
-0.20720520615577698,
0.6200195550918579,
-0.11447753757238388,
-0.14559021592140198,
-0.062044523656368256,
-0.13015241920948029,
-0.29240721464157104,
0.3978515565395355,
0.38127440214157104,
0.42967528104782104,
0.26727294921875,
-0.17322997748851776,
-0.07812805473804474,
0.44466859102249146,
-0.27842408418655396,
0.4431396424770355,
0.29267579317092896,
0.4842773377895355,
0.2710205018520355,
-0.11073531955480576,
0.0958530455827713,
0.05532073974609375,
0.44530028104782104,
0.047316741198301315,
0.919140636920929,
-0.06499586254358292,
-0.07245559990406036,
0.017647553235292435,
-0.01750946044921875,
0.19736938178539276,
-0.14345398545265198,
-0.160105898976326,
-0.4143310487270355,
-0.13018187880516052,
-0.610180675983429,
0.538623034954071,
0.0030990601517260075,
0.4892334043979645,
-0.11446838080883026,
0.16778668761253357,
0.24384765326976776,
0.13245849311351776,
-0.09383697807788849,
-0.0244903564453125,
0.0062500000931322575,
0.4471435546875,
0.06393470615148544,
0.2772460877895355,
0.03070678748190403,
-0.13068389892578125,
0.006312561221420765,
0.31544190645217896,
0.306396484375,
0.006399059202522039,
-0.07241515815258026,
-0.031980134546756744,
0.13777312636375427,
0.08365173637866974,
0.3729248046875,
-0.27783203125,
0.3841308653354645,
-0.27720946073532104,
-0.37873536348342896,
0.19466857612133026,
0.16206665337085724,
0.37916260957717896,
-0.10508117824792862,
0.32054442167282104,
0.27043455839157104,
0.394287109375,
0.13041381537914276,
-0.01152801513671875,
0.0657743439078331,
-0.05558929592370987,
0.260162353515625,
0.19340896606445312,
-0.22797241806983948,
-0.6533203125,
-0.26289063692092896,
-0.10540161281824112,
0.16556091606616974,
-0.29108887910842896,
-0.039405059069395065,
0.2865356504917145,
0.18197020888328552,
-0.40764158964157104,
-0.645214855670929,
0.10255660861730576,
0.08499450981616974,
0.574536144733429,
0.45317381620407104,
-0.12924499809741974,
0.12724609673023224,
-0.12038345634937286,
0.13490906357765198,
0.35174560546875,
0.41560059785842896,
0.027901267632842064,
-0.10224990546703339,
-0.896484375,
0.3341918885707855,
0.25397950410842896,
-0.188446044921875,
-0.2629333436489105,
-0.02467651292681694,
-0.31967392563819885,
0.620849609375,
0.1267044097185135,
0.680126965045929,
0.462646484375,
-0.06467971950769424,
0.04752998426556587,
0.07171282917261124,
0.4020629823207855,
0.22344970703125,
0.05688877031207085,
0.07911033928394318,
-0.011614227667450905,
-0.5088135004043579,
-0.13452453911304474,
-0.18616752326488495,
-0.1736190766096115,
0.39410400390625,
0.61041259765625,
-0.09650878608226776,
0.248779296875,
-0.026725387200713158,
0.2938232421875,
0.04673805087804794,
0.28852540254592896,
0.35020750761032104,
-0.07340545952320099,
-0.06951446831226349,
0.3194824159145355,
-0.034520722925662994,
0.16328124701976776,
0.29564207792282104,
0.29925537109375,
0.07416228950023651,
-0.013671875,
0.782519519329071,
0.24154052138328552,
0.09708748012781143,
-0.03192901611328125,
0.15683898329734802,
0.2634338438510895,
-0.0952857956290245,
0.377685546875,
0.40532225370407104,
-0.154632568359375,
-0.3563232421875,
0.034687042236328125,
0.5309082269668579,
-0.03534698486328125,
0.3304199278354645,
0.15126343071460724,
-0.63916015625,
-0.12354584038257599,
0.1711471527814865,
0.33684080839157104,
0.132426455616951,
0.11970977485179901,
0.1219635009765625,
0.263650506734848,
0.592211902141571,
0.03378906100988388,
-0.17718200385570526,
-0.19803467392921448,
-0.28288573026657104,
0.283416748046875,
0.25281983613967896,
0.13112792372703552,
0.41291505098342896,
-0.22237244248390198,
-0.5208495855331421,
-0.03396148607134819,
-0.09835357964038849,
0.4429687559604645,
-0.17896270751953125,
0.11354370415210724,
-0.02967987023293972,
-0.10052947700023651,
-0.5183349847793579,
0.05438232421875,
0.4013427793979645,
-0.12647667527198792,
-0.2783142030239105,
-0.14068642258644104,
-0.32062989473342896,
-0.08297576755285263,
-0.0978240966796875,
0.11422119289636612,
0.22855529189109802,
0.17796020209789276,
-0.07362689822912216,
0.5794677734375,
0.038372039794921875,
-0.33717042207717896,
0.4637695252895355,
0.4043945372104645,
-0.15883179008960724,
0.6194823980331421,
-0.09479980170726776,
0.11062641441822052,
0.15521927177906036,
-0.24163818359375,
0.033228494226932526,
-0.8909667730331421,
0.039981842041015625,
0.3303466737270355,
0.38951414823532104,
0.3014770448207855,
-0.0303192138671875,
-0.18721923232078552,
0.17203979194164276,
0.1984405517578125,
0.584545910358429,
0.09634017944335938,
0.1564933806657791,
-0.4357055723667145,
0.4350341856479645,
0.0843483954668045,
-0.19801025092601776,
0.2529243528842926,
0.4788818359375,
-0.23379822075366974,
0.5819336175918579,
-0.27451783418655396,
-0.2515197694301605,
-0.12403564155101776,
0.2648864686489105,
-0.15302124619483948,
-0.025720978155732155,
0.23719482123851776,
-0.044234465807676315,
0.06743469089269638,
0.09701385349035263,
0.2176055908203125,
-0.033966064453125,
0.17180785536766052,
0.12026367336511612,
0.43378907442092896,
0.3070068359375,
0.5634521245956421,
0.1529190093278885,
-0.12628173828125,
0.2590270936489105,
0.47509765625,
-0.016204452142119408,
0.17607422173023224,
0.4971923828125,
-0.17455139756202698,
-0.021135712042450905,
0.30717772245407104,
-0.07123450934886932,
0.587475597858429,
0.09133758395910263,
0.08898010104894638,
-0.0769428238272667,
-0.0017883300315588713,
0.02004089392721653,
-0.18214111030101776,
0.15247192978858948,
0.15502682328224182,
0.3758178651332855,
0.37934571504592896,
0.01059646625071764,
-0.04315643385052681,
-0.3488403260707855,
-0.09806518256664276,
0.07532701641321182,
0.49755859375,
-0.24080809950828552,
-0.0971527099609375,
-0.0006835937383584678,
0.22372588515281677,
0.13064880669116974,
-0.06945152580738068,
0.055711936205625534,
-0.26932525634765625,
0.381011962890625,
-0.6451171636581421,
0.06202392652630806,
0.4126220643520355,
-0.0007331848028115928,
-0.19537048041820526,
-0.062248993664979935,
0.1797439604997635,
0.16721153259277344,
0.062453459948301315,
0.29355162382125854,
-0.649829089641571,
-0.3963378965854645,
0.519970715045929,
0.3357910215854645,
0.771923840045929,
0.37962645292282104,
0.3489746153354645,
0.36970216035842896,
-0.03291644901037216,
-0.17796778678894043,
-0.3407959043979645,
-0.4034423828125,
0.11744079738855362,
0.0086212158203125,
-0.29093629121780396,
0.054808806627988815,
-0.29289549589157104,
0.46455079317092896,
0.29700011014938354,
0.3042236268520355,
0.5608886480331421,
-0.46333009004592896,
-0.595385730266571,
-0.07417068630456924,
0.38215333223342896,
0.09267878532409668,
0.6242920160293579,
-0.300436407327652,
-0.33843690156936646,
0.15834350883960724,
0.07566909492015839,
-0.17911987006664276,
0.1563720703125,
0.07734374701976776,
0.07047919929027557,
-0.3025360107421875,
0.09490279853343964,
0.051773689687252045,
0.06920146942138672,
0.441650390625,
0.09654083102941513,
0.2830749452114105,
0.269448846578598,
-0.20393677055835724,
0.4219512939453125,
0.48149412870407104,
0.0016113281017169356,
0.595947265625,
-0.3221679627895355,
0.41108399629592896,
0.6136230230331421,
0.21739502251148224,
0.3808349668979645,
0.4314208924770355,
0.173492431640625,
0.07624854892492294,
-0.19148865342140198,
0.1659095734357834,
0.26152342557907104,
0.15674743056297302,
0.14542236924171448,
0.007476806640625,
0.1094512939453125,
-0.552563488483429,
0.08733215183019638,
0.04790534824132919,
0.5663818120956421,
0.33961182832717896,
0.18986816704273224,
0.2668777406215668,
0.525439441204071,
0.2603393495082855,
-0.16843262314796448,
-0.3213256895542145,
-0.10172424465417862,
-0.3478027284145355,
0.05409698560833931,
-0.104131318628788,
0.1702224761247635,
0.43278807401657104,
-0.09588623046875,
-0.058924101293087006,
-0.38446044921875,
0.05598144605755806,
-0.09857253730297089,
-0.027318954467773438,
0.48808592557907104,
0.11565323173999786,
-0.02034144476056099,
0.04726257175207138,
0.4443603456020355,
0.4194091856479645,
0.36463624238967896,
4.088671684265137,
-0.01292571984231472,
0.263388067483902,
-0.4302978515625,
-0.1437225341796875,
0.113800048828125,
0.05648307874798775,
-0.08140258491039276,
0.042115021497011185,
0.11619873344898224,
-0.06510619819164276,
0.12415160983800888,
-0.09693870693445206,
0.28830718994140625,
-0.033356379717588425,
0.32036131620407104,
0.4100585877895355,
-0.05792083591222763,
0.14500121772289276,
0.17534789443016052,
-0.14229431748390198,
0.47021484375,
0.15949249267578125,
0.31132203340530396,
0.2597717344760895,
-0.18299560248851776,
0.10716553032398224,
0.0076965331099927425,
0.47504884004592896,
0.38604736328125,
0.23394164443016052,
-0.19635009765625,
0.36997681856155396,
0.00435218820348382,
-0.6093994379043579,
0.38499754667282104,
0.3674682676792145,
0.0033462524879723787,
0.23977050185203552,
-0.02456207200884819,
-0.12378845363855362,
0.2790893614292145,
-0.09485931694507599,
0.34821778535842896,
0.4471435546875,
-0.21093139052391052,
-0.0729576125741005,
0.23859862983226776,
0.07012557983398438,
-0.21706238389015198,
0.2977539002895355,
-0.14404602348804474,
-0.18660888075828552,
-0.15655517578125,
0.08374480903148651,
0.549267590045929,
0.38005369901657104,
0.23818358778953552,
-0.08017098903656006,
0.03623657301068306,
0.07357635349035263,
-0.14426270127296448,
0.4859375059604645,
0.25163573026657104,
-0.16148987412452698,
0.09583282470703125,
0.174732968211174,
0.634716808795929,
0.561108410358429,
-0.25114744901657104,
0.4435363709926605,
0.3572753965854645,
0.37749022245407104,
0.005359458737075329,
0.198028564453125,
-0.08023910224437714,
-0.21627655625343323,
-0.07857207953929901,
0.30195313692092896,
-0.05268096923828125,
0.07198791205883026,
-0.31452637910842896,
0.13704223930835724,
0.13999024033546448,
-0.164326474070549,
0.49909669160842896,
0.17404937744140625,
-0.2503295838832855,
0.43867188692092896,
0.11188354343175888,
0.25483399629592896,
0.31365966796875,
0.25135499238967896,
0.3201355040073395,
0.3363403379917145,
0.09759368747472763,
-0.12132873386144638,
-4.048242092132568,
-0.05330200120806694,
0.2148689329624176,
-0.10745544731616974,
0.063873291015625,
0.4389404356479645,
0.098663330078125,
-0.07977600395679474,
-0.02257862128317356,
0.2925659120082855,
0.19828402996063232,
0.051502227783203125,
-0.18769530951976776,
0.14497986435890198,
0.2978759706020355,
-0.00839385949075222,
0.2931884825229645,
0.1602226197719574,
0.05490932613611221,
-0.10414429008960724,
-0.17852783203125,
0.15637512505054474,
0.3005615174770355,
-0.29054564237594604,
0.3975463807582855,
0.22553710639476776,
0.21905517578125,
-0.5386718511581421,
-0.04073963314294815,
0.2845092713832855,
-0.1641082763671875,
-0.18752440810203552,
0.21253052353858948,
-0.3315185606479645,
0.32465821504592896,
0.20930786430835724,
0.37672728300094604,
-0.10943593829870224,
0.2980102598667145,
0.059087373316287994,
-0.2528442442417145,
0.07754020392894745,
0.3768066465854645,
-0.17285004258155823,
-0.1230926513671875,
0.46541136503219604,
-0.25959473848342896,
-0.12185058742761612,
0.19774170219898224,
0.24471434950828552,
0.24318237602710724,
0.12516403198242188,
-0.11302795261144638,
0.24510498344898224,
0.643139660358429,
-0.12623748183250427,
-0.293252557516098,
0.42717283964157104,
0.5160888433456421,
0.26277464628219604,
0.039276123046875,
-0.125640869140625,
0.26365965604782104,
0.26197510957717896,
-0.06298065185546875,
-0.1654052734375,
0.3991027772426605,
0.1086524948477745,
-0.003595542861148715,
-0.21828612685203552,
0.22749023139476776,
0.31907957792282104,
0.16225585341453552,
-0.17811736464500427,
0.33479005098342896,
0.31231689453125,
-0.08699264377355576,
0.21427612006664276,
0.5037841796875,
0.18485717475414276,
-0.19014891982078552,
0.00600509624928236,
-0.3912353515625,
-0.06450004875659943,
2.4124999046325684,
0.3580322265625,
2.1576170921325684,
-0.08695125579833984,
-0.018753815442323685,
-0.02168426476418972,
-0.389251708984375,
0.1051788330078125,
0.28741455078125,
0.13810424506664276,
-0.3362793028354645,
0.16739396750926971,
-0.20783081650733948,
0.12600402534008026,
-0.41301268339157104,
-0.1347610503435135,
0.3729003965854645,
-1.1831543445587158,
0.04918632656335831,
-0.051808930933475494,
0.07806091010570526,
0.04423217847943306,
-0.06268310546875,
0.09015198051929474,
0.14549407362937927,
0.09763183444738388,
0.03421459347009659,
-0.14835509657859802,
0.3609375059604645,
-0.554516613483429,
-0.2174026519060135,
-0.04247321933507919,
0.34332275390625,
-0.23217467963695526,
0.4076782166957855,
0.06265468895435333,
0.18895873427391052,
4.756249904632568,
0.12231750786304474,
-0.3272460997104645,
0.19743041694164276,
-0.03842735290527344,
0.4007934629917145,
0.3902587890625,
0.15981444716453552,
-0.057717036455869675,
0.26689451932907104,
0.47551268339157104,
0.07982025295495987,
-0.05170135572552681,
-0.011280822567641735,
0.03759155422449112,
-0.03854980319738388,
-0.018963241949677467,
0.2747253477573395,
0.02417450025677681,
0.4020019471645355,
0.25612181425094604,
0.09252319484949112,
0.40568846464157104,
-0.17269210517406464,
0.3762573301792145,
0.19411620497703552,
-0.028493499383330345,
-0.3078857362270355,
-0.03373146057128906,
0.4092163145542145,
0.519091784954071,
5.457421779632568,
0.07381439208984375,
-0.20067080855369568,
-0.0782318115234375,
0.09732265770435333,
0.13654327392578125,
0.09537658840417862,
0.31743162870407104,
-0.3269897401332855,
-0.044643402099609375,
-0.36347657442092896,
0.2879699766635895,
-0.24826660752296448,
0.675000011920929,
0.07632140815258026,
0.3262390196323395,
-0.2873779237270355,
-0.0051116943359375,
-0.07515640556812286,
-0.10454559326171875,
0.478759765625,
0.11568985134363174,
0.15572205185890198,
-0.310546875,
0.18901976943016052,
-0.100555419921875,
0.052691079676151276,
0.40043678879737854,
0.017536163330078125,
-0.20745849609375,
0.2983764708042145,
0.18339844048023224,
-0.19746093451976776,
0.21705321967601776,
-0.4189392030239105,
0.41936033964157104,
0.16119384765625,
0.2885986268520355,
0.3210510313510895,
-0.17693328857421875,
0.06734161078929901,
0.5550537109375,
-0.3031860291957855,
0.15926209092140198,
0.04674987867474556,
-0.09105835109949112,
-0.26154786348342896,
0.34772950410842896,
-0.01421508751809597,
0.026544570922851562,
-0.17315062880516052,
0.09311752021312714,
1.145605444908142,
0.25108641386032104,
0.035427093505859375,
0.15316161513328552,
-0.05933837965130806,
0.11757278442382812,
0.16980591416358948,
0.187672421336174,
0.3347229063510895,
0.06584624946117401,
-0.0024093626998364925,
0.08566894382238388,
0.31206053495407104,
0.18931731581687927,
0.17284545302391052,
-0.05073738098144531,
0.4493652284145355,
-0.09618835151195526,
0.16168823838233948,
0.21620483696460724,
-0.150360107421875,
0.142018124461174,
0.0032741546165198088,
-0.011965942569077015,
-0.25799560546875,
-0.12922362983226776,
0.23790892958641052,
0.2821106016635895,
-0.06917953491210938,
-0.20879516005516052,
-0.3602050840854645,
-0.30662840604782104,
0.3204589784145355,
-0.08179507404565811,
-0.28929442167282104,
-0.08993301540613174,
0.2833572328090668,
-0.03513145446777344,
0.11991576850414276,
0.06585673987865448,
-0.3168579041957855,
0.22034302353858948,
-0.25316160917282104,
-0.07644615322351456,
0.529589831829071,
0.11171646416187286,
0.03094491921365261,
0.01037521380931139,
-0.35426634550094604,
0.25225830078125,
0.038648225367069244,
0.13580703735351562,
0.17327269911766052,
-0.16693420708179474,
-0.1444747895002365,
-0.18640747666358948,
-0.18578490614891052,
-0.05083665996789932,
0.5129638910293579,
0.2783447206020355,
-0.06803131103515625,
-0.20466308295726776,
-0.13243408501148224
] |
40 | When did Iain M. Banks create The Culture? | [
{
"docid": "27094539#0",
"text": "\"A Gift from the Culture\", published in 1987, is a short work of space opera, by the Scottish science fiction author Iain M. Banks. The story is an early venture into the \"complex and unusual and very distant\" setting of the Culture, which Banks would further develop through various of full length novels, stories, and his essay \"A Few Notes on the Culture\".",
"title": "A Gift from the Culture"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "14858#6",
"text": "Banks published work under two names. His parents had intended to name him \"Iain Menzies Banks\", but his father made a mistake when registering the birth and \"Iain Banks\" became the officially registered name. Despite this error, Banks used the middle name and submitted \"The Wasp Factory\" for publication as \"Iain M. Banks\". Banks's editor inquired about the possibility of omitting the 'M' as it appeared \"too fussy\" and the potential existed for confusion with Rosie M. Banks, a romantic novelist in the Jeeves novels by P.G. Wodehouse; Banks agreed to the omission. After three mainstream novels, Banks's publishers agreed to publish his first science fiction (SF) novel \"Consider Phlebas\". To create a distinction between the mainstream and SF novels, Banks suggested the return of the 'M' to his name, and it was used in all of his science fiction works.\nBy his death in June 2013 Banks had published 26 novels. His twenty-seventh novel \"The Quarry\" was published posthumously. His final work, a collection of poetry, was released in February 2015. In an interview January 2013, he also mentioned he had the plot idea for another novel in the Culture series, which would most likely be his next book and planned for publication in 2014.",
"title": "Iain Banks"
},
{
"docid": "58623#0",
"text": "The Culture is a fictional interstellar post-scarcity civilization or society created by the Scottish writer Iain M. Banks and features in a number of his space opera novels and works of short fiction, collectively called the Culture series.",
"title": "The Culture"
},
{
"docid": "68851#0",
"text": "The State of the Art is a short story collection by Scottish writer Iain M. Banks, first published in 1991. The collection includes some stories originally published under his other byline, Iain Banks as well as the title novella and others set in Banks' Culture fictional universe.",
"title": "The State of the Art"
},
{
"docid": "68870#0",
"text": "Look to Windward is a science fiction novel by Scottish writer Iain M. Banks, first published in 2000. It is Banks' sixth published novel to feature the Culture. The book's dedication reads: \"For the Gulf War Veterans\".\nThe novel takes its title from a line in T. S. Eliot's poem \"The Waste Land\". It is loosely a sequel to \"Consider Phlebas\", Banks's first published Culture novel. \"Consider Phlebas\" took its name from the following line in the poem and dealt with the events of the Idiran-Culture War; \"Look to Windward\" deals with the results of the war on those who lived through it.",
"title": "Look to Windward"
},
{
"docid": "38443689#17",
"text": "\"The Culture\" novels by Iain M Banks are centered on a communist post-scarcity economy where technology is advanced to such a degree that all production is automated, and there is no use for money or property (aside from personal possessions with sentimental value). Humans in the Culture are free to pursue their own interests in an open and socially-permissive society. The society has been described by some commentators as \"communist-bloc\" or \"anarcho-communist\". Banks' close friend and fellow science fiction writer Ken MacLeod has said that The Culture can be seen as a realization of Marx's communism, but adds that \"however friendly he was to the radical left, Iain had little interest in relating the long-range possibility of utopia to radical politics in the here and now. As he saw it, what mattered was to keep the utopian possibility open by continuing technological progress, especially space development, and in the meantime to support whatever policies and politics in the real world were rational and humane.\"",
"title": "Communist society"
},
{
"docid": "35044216#0",
"text": "The Hydrogen Sonata is a science fiction novel by Scottish author Iain M. Banks, set in his techno-utopian Culture universe. The hardcover edition was released on 4 October 2012 in the United Kingdom, and on 9 October in the United States. The book's release marked 25 years since the publication of Banks' first Culture novel. A paperback edition of the book was released on 5 September 2013 in the United Kingdom, and on 10 September in the United States. \"The Hydrogen Sonata\" was Banks' last science fiction novel, as he died of gall bladder cancer in June 2013.",
"title": "The Hydrogen Sonata"
},
{
"docid": "21548766#0",
"text": "The \"Culture\" series is a science fiction series written by Scottish author Iain M. Banks. The stories centre on the Culture, a utopian, post-scarcity space society of humanoids, aliens, and very advanced artificial intelligences living in socialist habitats spread across the Milky Way galaxy. The main theme of the novels is the dilemmas that an idealistic hyperpower faces in dealing with civilizations that do not share its ideals, and whose behaviour it sometimes finds repulsive. In some of the stories, action takes place mainly in non-Culture environments, and the leading characters are often on the fringes of (or non-members of) the Culture, sometimes acting as agents of Culture (knowing and unknowing) in its plans to civilize the galaxy.",
"title": "The Culture (series)"
},
{
"docid": "14858#28",
"text": "Iain Banks received the following literary awards and nominations:Banks' non-SF work comprises fourteen novels and one non-fiction book. Many of his novels contain elements of autobiography, and feature various locations in his native Scotland. \"Raw Spirit\" (subtitled \"In Search of the Perfect Dram\") is a travel book of Banks' visits to the distilleries of Scotland in search of the finest whisky, including his musings on other subjects such as cars and politics.\nBanks wrote thirteen SF novels, nine of which were part of the Culture series; and a short story collection called \"The State of the Art\" (1991) includes some stories set in the same universe. These works focus upon characters that are usually on the margins of the Culture, a post-scarcity anarchist utopia; in the same universe are other civilizations, with which the Culture sometimes enters into conflict, and sentient artificial intelligences.",
"title": "Iain Banks"
},
{
"docid": "14858#5",
"text": "His second novel \"Walking on Glass\" was published in 1985. \"The Bridge\" followed in 1986, and \"Espedair Street\", published in 1987, was later broadcast as a series on BBC Radio 4. His first published science fiction book \"Consider Phlebas\" was released in 1987 and was the first of several novels of the acclaimed Culture series. Banks cited Robert A. Heinlein, Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke, Brian Aldiss, M. John Harrison and Dan Simmons as literary influences. \"The Crow Road\", published in 1992, was adapted as a BBC television series. Banks continued to write both science fiction and mainstream novels, with his final novel \"The Quarry\" published in June 2013, the month of his death.",
"title": "Iain Banks"
}
] | [
0.2974904477596283,
0.2401326447725296,
-0.4476216733455658,
0.3754476010799408,
-0.3154805600643158,
0.03487396240234375,
0.301025390625,
-0.315673828125,
0.2466074675321579,
-0.0038941700477153063,
-0.3971525728702545,
-0.5354817509651184,
-0.4086100161075592,
0.07250849157571793,
-0.19825293123722076,
0.2615572512149811,
0.5354817509651184,
-0.10789871215820312,
-0.28653907775878906,
-0.0029768149834126234,
-0.1644786149263382,
0.5174763798713684,
-0.3744710385799408,
0.16097640991210938,
-0.2717386782169342,
0.1555226594209671,
-0.2264760285615921,
0.3441670835018158,
0.4130452573299408,
0.4193623960018158,
0.64215087890625,
0.01403681468218565,
-0.12502670288085938,
0.6578776240348816,
-0.3401101529598236,
0.2216847687959671,
0.09237352758646011,
-0.18476486206054688,
0.02740987204015255,
0.2439371794462204,
0.15250253677368164,
0.028293609619140625,
0.59869384765625,
0.07715670019388199,
1.1193441152572632,
0.19094593822956085,
0.3048349916934967,
-0.04069773480296135,
-0.12863540649414062,
0.0338083915412426,
-0.2174886018037796,
-0.3182881772518158,
-0.04321034625172615,
-0.1995391845703125,
-0.526123046875,
0.2913258969783783,
-0.1303558349609375,
0.25229963660240173,
0.0839073657989502,
0.15869140625,
0.31320443749427795,
-0.2301737517118454,
-0.1771443635225296,
0.06372451782226562,
0.5564168095588684,
0.18003082275390625,
0.3914591372013092,
0.18965911865234375,
0.7092692255973816,
-0.052417755126953125,
0.06232388690114021,
0.4962565004825592,
0.6407470703125,
0.06362024694681168,
-0.19951216876506805,
-0.360809326171875,
-0.3866780698299408,
0.7319743037223816,
0.3735453188419342,
-0.3475850522518158,
0.16640472412109375,
-0.261273056268692,
-0.10791015625,
0.24047215282917023,
0.12288030236959457,
0.5826416015625,
-0.06294520944356918,
-0.14854781329631805,
-0.07777372747659683,
0.3135172426700592,
-0.5470173954963684,
0.1183827742934227,
-0.2758077085018158,
-0.3319905698299408,
0.06167173385620117,
-0.03623199462890625,
0.03266143798828125,
-0.1969502717256546,
0.000988006591796875,
-0.16898806393146515,
-0.08991876989603043,
-0.2811279296875,
-0.1683034896850586,
-0.032697439193725586,
0.5716755986213684,
-0.3722025454044342,
0.035755157470703125,
-0.286285400390625,
0.5279337763786316,
0.3543294370174408,
0.477294921875,
-0.35235595703125,
-0.13188838958740234,
-0.2276102751493454,
0.1760101318359375,
0.6017252802848816,
0.18483352661132812,
0.0211308803409338,
-0.33477529883384705,
-0.7950032353401184,
0.3665567934513092,
0.2023671418428421,
-0.19575119018554688,
-0.17543156445026398,
-0.5530903935432434,
-0.261138916015625,
0.5611369013786316,
0.06720241159200668,
0.6589762568473816,
0.4139404296875,
-0.04846000671386719,
0.06576093286275864,
0.5550333857536316,
0.7924397587776184,
0.4442240297794342,
0.0621744804084301,
0.22062937915325165,
-0.1760966032743454,
0.15324799716472626,
-0.3021952211856842,
-0.6188761591911316,
-0.16374333202838898,
0.09259478002786636,
0.8560383915901184,
-0.376220703125,
0.07067330926656723,
0.1489003449678421,
0.57196044921875,
-0.0021870930213481188,
0.02918243408203125,
0.26824697852134705,
0.1261240690946579,
-0.13733799755573273,
0.380401611328125,
-0.1844126433134079,
0.050027210265398026,
0.3677012026309967,
-0.058305103331804276,
-0.1189422607421875,
-0.00848388671875,
0.7226969599723816,
0.30377197265625,
0.6039631962776184,
-0.10668691247701645,
-0.1090596541762352,
-0.031301021575927734,
0.0016649911412969232,
-0.2206675261259079,
0.3927713930606842,
-0.2256062775850296,
-0.16150157153606415,
0.20133717358112335,
0.4712931215763092,
-0.3108316957950592,
0.00005594889444182627,
0.3012491762638092,
-0.3925577700138092,
-0.05031585693359375,
0.2990824282169342,
0.008154869079589844,
-0.19744110107421875,
0.1944529265165329,
-0.08610852807760239,
0.2727457582950592,
0.4995931088924408,
0.1832478791475296,
-0.15957260131835938,
-0.5896784663200378,
-0.038402874022722244,
0.3522695004940033,
0.10722478479146957,
-0.08869870752096176,
0.7374750971794128,
-0.13927333056926727,
-0.07112566381692886,
0.44962820410728455,
-0.0984039306640625,
0.11847686767578125,
0.10121536254882812,
0.7060546875,
0.1592305451631546,
0.23117764294147491,
-0.5284830927848816,
0.09780033677816391,
0.318939208984375,
-0.5559895634651184,
-0.06624785810709,
0.10183334350585938,
-0.1670125275850296,
0.353320449590683,
0.024188360199332237,
0.1500956267118454,
0.5000813603401184,
0.2626698911190033,
-0.05839983746409416,
0.2763773500919342,
0.17076365649700165,
0.1576487272977829,
0.3912709653377533,
-0.05394935607910156,
-0.4113362729549408,
0.6259562373161316,
-0.175933837890625,
-0.38623046875,
0.2801717221736908,
-0.4056294858455658,
-0.03372589871287346,
-0.4088388979434967,
0.18553416430950165,
0.3470865786075592,
0.6134846806526184,
-0.030520757660269737,
-0.15872828662395477,
-0.114593505859375,
0.07675250619649887,
0.3579915463924408,
-0.03781731799244881,
-0.2311808317899704,
-0.3161264955997467,
-0.11015351861715317,
0.53179931640625,
0.0333048515021801,
-0.2209676057100296,
0.4281870424747467,
0.2608642578125,
-0.0513153076171875,
0.3139394223690033,
0.061389923095703125,
-0.2147318571805954,
0.0635426864027977,
0.1231047734618187,
-0.10031557083129883,
0.4964192807674408,
0.010272979736328125,
0.004885037895292044,
-0.010182698257267475,
0.1230061873793602,
-0.2409261018037796,
-0.469024658203125,
-0.091949462890625,
0.6479899287223816,
0.2690175473690033,
0.1408335417509079,
0.2034352570772171,
-0.2040373533964157,
-0.02013174630701542,
0.09872373193502426,
0.5767008662223816,
0.014096577651798725,
0.6800944209098816,
0.61053466796875,
0.05332557484507561,
0.08372751623392105,
0.6449839472770691,
-0.2672525942325592,
0.1564687043428421,
-0.2183685302734375,
0.1175333634018898,
-0.3690389096736908,
0.15489833056926727,
0.30679574608802795,
-0.06323925405740738,
-0.13362757861614227,
0.07365290075540543,
-0.22490692138671875,
0.419677734375,
0.0475921630859375,
-0.1952616423368454,
-0.038128096610307693,
-0.2456868439912796,
0.2506326138973236,
0.2937825620174408,
-0.12683932483196259,
-0.4483184814453125,
0.404083251953125,
-0.07809527963399887,
0.027281343936920166,
-0.6469319462776184,
-0.08896128088235855,
-0.1442362517118454,
-0.018405914306640625,
-0.7282307744026184,
0.25767770409584045,
0.6942952275276184,
-0.05831654742360115,
-0.3173319399356842,
-0.8009033203125,
0.32275390625,
-0.18056996166706085,
0.009450276382267475,
0.3418550491333008,
-0.4813435971736908,
0.207916259765625,
0.2999471127986908,
0.1170857772231102,
0.3250630795955658,
0.1179250106215477,
0.19256465137004852,
0.5809834599494934,
0.2682689130306244,
0.14981205761432648,
-0.04562950134277344,
-0.50872802734375,
0.08126449584960938,
0.2527059018611908,
-0.3121986389160156,
0.12039947509765625,
-0.5322468876838684,
0.27027639746665955,
0.06381797790527344,
0.5006459355354309,
0.386627197265625,
-0.0072682700119912624,
-0.2781524658203125,
-0.03956667706370354,
0.2180277556180954,
0.06882540136575699,
0.8746337890625,
0.1673939973115921,
-0.005974769592285156,
0.177520751953125,
0.11545968055725098,
-0.2580362856388092,
0.21238963305950165,
0.17994625866413116,
0.311279296875,
0.29751333594322205,
0.07728131860494614,
0.12394460290670395,
-0.06779607385396957,
-0.3471781313419342,
-0.0873463973402977,
0.013655503280460835,
-0.018909454345703125,
0.2932840883731842,
0.360504150390625,
0.1647593230009079,
0.38347116112709045,
0.3490397036075592,
-0.23492431640625,
0.192230224609375,
0.11849602311849594,
0.3497416079044342,
0.5622355341911316,
0.2648213803768158,
0.14302444458007812,
-0.293548583984375,
0.10547256469726562,
0.2773641049861908,
0.26985931396484375,
-0.03382937237620354,
0.1140085831284523,
0.1582394391298294,
0.07430378347635269,
-0.3415934145450592,
-0.19269053637981415,
-0.2041778564453125,
0.51007080078125,
0.3885701596736908,
0.2894388735294342,
0.026549577713012695,
0.4299112856388092,
0.3289591372013092,
0.39404296875,
-0.46823883056640625,
-0.0019276937237009406,
0.11493173986673355,
-0.0910797119140625,
0.15591304004192352,
0.3505147397518158,
0.1233723983168602,
0.21244704723358154,
-0.1410512924194336,
-0.3551839292049408,
0.23595301806926727,
-0.10146919637918472,
-0.1763356477022171,
-0.10432004928588867,
0.013841788284480572,
-0.10911941528320312,
-0.009212493896484375,
0.6769612431526184,
0.2203623503446579,
0.4788614809513092,
4.24853515625,
0.13836081326007843,
-0.026398977264761925,
-0.20935821533203125,
-0.21482086181640625,
-0.03574879840016365,
0.48101806640625,
-0.2550760805606842,
0.3215840756893158,
-0.14709727466106415,
-0.040431976318359375,
0.16645558178424835,
0.13225555419921875,
0.538726806640625,
0.11159006506204605,
0.2053375244140625,
0.2637939453125,
0.020929018035531044,
-0.332244873046875,
0.4714762270450592,
-0.3055013120174408,
0.7020670771598816,
0.3631693422794342,
0.2543741762638092,
0.1497700959444046,
-0.07295989990234375,
0.17087776958942413,
-0.05372428894042969,
0.26061534881591797,
0.2692362368106842,
0.3338623046875,
-0.11349359899759293,
0.6717732548713684,
0.02077404595911503,
-0.6686604619026184,
0.06595611572265625,
0.05544853210449219,
0.3861287534236908,
-0.0050919852219522,
-0.1389414519071579,
-0.1600850373506546,
-0.007328351493924856,
-0.01602935791015625,
0.3673807680606842,
-0.42141470313072205,
-0.21557871997356415,
0.019300460815429688,
0.3822021484375,
0.11080614477396011,
-0.0558675117790699,
0.5217081904411316,
-0.12822580337524414,
-0.3378092348575592,
-0.2053375244140625,
0.2716217041015625,
0.5246174931526184,
0.020124435424804688,
0.4565633237361908,
-0.01184225082397461,
-0.5590413212776184,
0.07413610070943832,
-0.13109715282917023,
0.04796091839671135,
0.041526954621076584,
-0.173065185546875,
-0.12691879272460938,
0.2235565185546875,
0.1096089705824852,
0.16478855907917023,
-0.1086781844496727,
0.18819554150104523,
0.3100687563419342,
-0.15919558703899384,
-0.4972940981388092,
0.420135498046875,
-0.3476766049861908,
-0.1932932585477829,
-0.38224029541015625,
-0.3828328549861908,
-0.02954244613647461,
-0.048290252685546875,
0.0166651401668787,
0.2377115935087204,
0.04813893511891365,
-0.13574819266796112,
0.6375529170036316,
0.0056597390212118626,
-0.2506307065486908,
0.370941162109375,
-0.12660980224609375,
0.5384318232536316,
0.45196533203125,
-0.10660234838724136,
0.06788889318704605,
0.26170602440834045,
0.20076115429401398,
-0.29594865441322327,
-3.904296875,
-0.01955016516149044,
0.2825520932674408,
0.1979014128446579,
0.37042236328125,
0.13084284961223602,
0.6102498173713684,
0.4031321108341217,
-0.2404581755399704,
-0.01884746551513672,
0.06778351217508316,
0.05721855163574219,
-0.04096303507685661,
0.4656423032283783,
0.08114608377218246,
0.19387562572956085,
0.031033197417855263,
0.08777967840433121,
0.5207112431526184,
-0.212310791015625,
0.2403208464384079,
-0.04229434207081795,
0.342437744140625,
-0.2627614438533783,
0.14950434863567352,
0.09656500816345215,
0.08251889795064926,
0.04160499572753906,
-0.09349695593118668,
0.1489706039428711,
0.034832000732421875,
0.3081410825252533,
0.3400065004825592,
-0.2568715512752533,
0.3519083559513092,
0.1699574738740921,
-0.08233769983053207,
-0.2585957944393158,
0.4877726137638092,
0.2883402407169342,
-0.1002756729722023,
-0.23817317187786102,
0.15836842358112335,
-0.0613148994743824,
0.210693359375,
0.5089111328125,
-0.04546864703297615,
0.2349192351102829,
-0.2354990690946579,
0.36260986328125,
0.4055887758731842,
0.28034210205078125,
-0.150970458984375,
-0.3041585385799408,
0.3034261167049408,
-0.08006858825683594,
-0.4485066831111908,
0.108184814453125,
0.474609375,
0.21884918212890625,
0.29092517495155334,
-0.0696767196059227,
0.2784525454044342,
-0.3344014585018158,
0.21608352661132812,
-0.17951710522174835,
0.038916271179914474,
0.7263590693473816,
0.2565714418888092,
-0.39465078711509705,
0.0037771861534565687,
0.1113230362534523,
0.13536453247070312,
0.05086199566721916,
0.06856346130371094,
0.030147552490234375,
-0.2232421189546585,
0.19586245715618134,
0.6929931640625,
0.2077178955078125,
0.0048770904541015625,
0.0380096435546875,
-0.30084228515625,
0.4274495542049408,
2.3233234882354736,
0.2423299103975296,
2.2311198711395264,
0.5293375849723816,
0.09556833654642105,
0.23999786376953125,
0.07814279943704605,
-0.00996061135083437,
0.11289310455322266,
-0.1927216798067093,
0.09947458654642105,
0.2688242495059967,
-0.1958262175321579,
0.45867919921875,
-0.2696857452392578,
0.10261312872171402,
0.4283854067325592,
-1.3297525644302368,
0.13130950927734375,
-0.04587078094482422,
0.5250244140625,
0.3550802767276764,
-0.34564208984375,
0.0466461181640625,
-0.3423258364200592,
-0.16492843627929688,
0.11527252197265625,
0.0881551131606102,
0.2506510317325592,
0.21599452197551727,
-0.014102618210017681,
-0.06070264056324959,
0.1847127228975296,
-0.06494585424661636,
0.3664143979549408,
0.5067341923713684,
-0.5076497197151184,
4.610025882720947,
0.18538665771484375,
0.1902567595243454,
-0.23668162524700165,
0.3635965883731842,
-0.2350921630859375,
0.5368855595588684,
0.3043212890625,
0.24015553295612335,
0.2860616147518158,
0.048508960753679276,
0.54156494140625,
-0.3321533203125,
0.05734984204173088,
0.6195475459098816,
0.2935333251953125,
0.1998392790555954,
0.3423970639705658,
0.122467041015625,
0.16333532333374023,
0.2301839143037796,
-0.11872991174459457,
0.33718109130859375,
0.11583200842142105,
-0.344329833984375,
0.269378662109375,
0.033514659851789474,
-0.0173187255859375,
-0.09441503137350082,
0.4409078061580658,
0.4065958559513092,
5.429036617279053,
0.1920115202665329,
0.1636708527803421,
0.0064455666579306126,
-0.0493214912712574,
0.08472442626953125,
-0.26951345801353455,
0.06606992334127426,
-0.4963175356388092,
-0.1810404509305954,
-0.06226015090942383,
0.5794270634651184,
-0.1991332322359085,
0.81201171875,
-0.23597352206707,
0.6114501953125,
-0.36065673828125,
0.3460337221622467,
0.24853515625,
-0.11806901544332504,
0.4544321596622467,
-0.23161379992961884,
0.1965789794921875,
-0.5821024775505066,
-0.5955302119255066,
0.36570486426353455,
-0.0748605728149414,
0.3408864438533783,
0.0895751342177391,
-0.11037953943014145,
0.2556661069393158,
0.2164815217256546,
0.1928863525390625,
-0.012472550384700298,
-0.057612042874097824,
0.2120513916015625,
0.39263916015625,
-0.0510508231818676,
0.6905314326286316,
-0.08486875146627426,
0.2696634829044342,
0.2685801088809967,
-0.16599781811237335,
-0.011269941926002502,
-0.028601964935660362,
0.2385050505399704,
-0.061909496784210205,
0.01481755543500185,
-0.0822092667222023,
0.2336629182100296,
0.48326411843299866,
-0.03042125701904297,
1.0372314453125,
-0.3971455991268158,
0.252105712890625,
0.367645263671875,
-0.4670613706111908,
-0.0466054268181324,
0.3665771484375,
0.0008869171142578125,
0.5698445439338684,
0.060278575867414474,
-0.32904052734375,
0.05416615679860115,
0.4415791928768158,
0.2272593230009079,
0.1102701798081398,
-0.2776896059513092,
0.4031168520450592,
0.009941737167537212,
-0.1614583283662796,
0.4398294985294342,
-0.13811492919921875,
-0.2702484130859375,
0.17804527282714844,
0.1674753874540329,
0.4956461489200592,
-0.23618443310260773,
0.30571746826171875,
0.2785237729549408,
0.006175994873046875,
-0.13444900512695312,
-0.16895802319049835,
-0.062323808670043945,
0.11344083398580551,
-0.20355670154094696,
-0.17373991012573242,
0.0851847305893898,
0.467254638671875,
-0.0032224655151367188,
0.21911366283893585,
0.0544484443962574,
-0.3069814145565033,
0.14514286816120148,
0.46176400780677795,
0.0306523647159338,
0.56732177734375,
0.4792073667049408,
-0.08100763708353043,
0.04133065417408943,
-0.36990103125572205,
0.26394885778427124,
-0.03393809124827385,
-0.11906179040670395,
0.31182861328125,
-0.11289087682962418,
-0.2313995361328125,
0.10336875915527344,
-0.019463220611214638,
0.32501220703125,
0.367095947265625,
0.2589162290096283,
-0.13045501708984375,
-0.2912496030330658,
0.09558868408203125
] |
41 | How many people died during WW1? | [
{
"docid": "154344#5",
"text": "During the First World War, the Germans constructed an airport. The airport still exists and is now used for private purposes. Also remaining is the German Military cemetery, which is also partly situated in Menen. There are 47,864 soldiers buried there, who all died during WW1. This makes the cemetery the biggest German cemetery in Belgium. Across the cemetery, there used to be a (fake) airport, with wooden planes to mislead the enemy; there are still remains of the airport consisting of a big bunker and a small bunker near the railway. The bridge that connects Lauwe to Wevelgem was destroyed during the Second World War and was rebuilt later.",
"title": "Wevelgem"
},
{
"docid": "18969577#15",
"text": "Estimates of the excess mortality during the famine vary widely. According to historian David Fieldhouse, over 1 million people may have died during the famine of 1899–1900. However, according to anthropologist Brian Fagan, \"No one knows exactly how many perished in the great famine, but it could have been as many as four and a half million people.\" In her study of famines in the Bombay Presidency during the period 1860–1920, South Asianist, Michelle McAlpin estimated the famine of 1899–1900 to have had the highest mortality—at 37.9 deaths per 1000—among all famines and scarcities there between 1876–77 and 1918–19. Anthropologist Daniel W. Attwood asserts that in the Deccan an estimated 166,000 people may have died, and in the entire Presidency a total of 462,000. Historian Ronald E. Seavoy, in his 1986 study on famine in peasant societies, estimates the mortality in the famine to be 3.2 million, whereas historian Aroop Maharatna, in his historical retrospective of the demography of Indian famines, estimates the mortality to be between 3 million and 4.4 million. Archaeologist Daniel T. Chamberlain, citing Maharatna, points out that in Berar Province, the overall mortality rate in 1900 was 150% higher than the baseline rate, and further, also citing Maharatna, that the famine's effect can be seen in the sharp increase in crude death rate (to approximately 9%) in 1900, a sharp drop in the crude birth rate (down to 3%) in 1901, and a \"compensating\" increase in the birth rate (to approximately 5.5%) in 1902. Public health physician Mark E. Keim considers the mortality in India in the year 1900 to be 1.25 million, and the drought in India that year to be the fifth worst by mortality in the 20th century. Environment and development scholar Arun Agrawal argues that on account of the more liberal government relief in 1898 and 1899, \"the number of people who died was far fewer\" than in the famine of 1896–97 (whose mortality he puts at nearly 5 million). However anthropologist Fagan considers the famine in 1899–1900 to be the worst on record, suggesting that although the viceroy, Lord Curzon \"led the public appeals for humanitarian aid, ... (t)he initiatives from his government ... were grossly inadequate.\"",
"title": "Indian famine of 1899–1900"
},
{
"docid": "2697292#11",
"text": "The worst of the 20th century influenza pandemics was the 1918 pandemic, where between 20-40 percent of the world’s population became ill between 40-100 million people died. More people died of the so-called Spanish flu (caused by the H1N1 viral strain) pandemic in the single year of 1918 than during all four-years of the Black Death. The pandemic had devastating effects as disease spread along trade and shipping routes and other corridors of human movement until it had circled the globe. InIndia, the mortality rate reached 50 per 1,000 population. Arriving during the closing phase of the World War I, the pandemic impacted mobilized national armies. Half of U.S. soldiers who died in the \"Great War,\" for example, were victims of influenza. It is estimated that almost ¾ of a million Americans died during the pandemic. In part, the death toll during the pandemic was caused by viral pneumonia characterized by extensive bleeding in the lungs resulting in suffocation. Many victims died within 48 hours of the appearance of the first symptom. It was not uncommon for people who appeared to be quite healthy in the morning to have died by sunset. Among those who survived the first several days, however, many died of secondary bacterial pneumonia. It has been argued that countless numbers of those who expired quickly from the disease were co-infected with tuberculosis, which would explain the notable plummet in TB cases after 1918.",
"title": "Syndemic"
},
{
"docid": "26048493#4",
"text": "Over 21 million people were killed or injured in World War I; in many cases, all of the men in one family were killed, numerous cities in Europe were destroyed, and family life throughout the world was greatly affected. While the United States suffered the fewest casualties, family life was still greatly affected as husbands were deployed and wives had to begin working. As the war draft suddenly removed many men from factory work, the factories began soliciting for women workers in traditionally male-dominated areas. Therefore, women had less time to spend at home with the children, as many of them would have before the war. As fathers, uncles, brothers, and grandfathers deployed in military service, women filled their places in factories and offices, changing the ways young children and teens received home nurturing. Additionally, women moving into new roles in society had lasting effects on children and family life after the war. President Woodrow Wilson stated, \"We have made partners of the women in this war; shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil and not to a partnership of privilege and right?\" As women began working in the factories, more of society began to realize the need for women's rights; while women had been granted suffrage (voting rights) to varying degrees in several states beginning in the late 19th century, they were now guaranteed full suffrage throughout the United States by the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution passed in August, 1920. This also paved the way for the children of future generations by creating greater career opportunities for girls and women; as women gained a stronger voice, girls became more involved in the workforce and education and prepared for roles outside of the home. Additionally, family life was affected after the war as more and more women entered the work force, moving away from the traditional stay-at-home mother and housewife role.",
"title": "Effect of World War I on children in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "29720951#5",
"text": "Some 7 million combatants on both sides are estimated to have died during World War I, along with an estimated 10 million non-combatants, including 6.6 million civilians. The civilian casualty ratio in this estimate would be about 59%. Boris Urlanis notes a lack of data on civilian losses in the Ottoman Empire, but estimates 8.6 million military killed and dead and 6 million civilians killed and dead in the other warring countries. The civilian casualty ratio in this estimate would be about 42%. Most of the civilian fatalities were due to famine, typhus, or Spanish flu rather than combat action. The relatively low ratio of civilian casualties in this war is due to the fact that the front lines on the main battlefront, the Western Front, were static for most of the war, so that civilians were able to avoid the combat zones.",
"title": "Civilian casualty ratio"
},
{
"docid": "33111#0",
"text": "The total number of military and civilian casualties in World War I were about 40 million: estimates range from 15 to 19 million deaths and about 23 million wounded military personnel, ranking it among the deadliest conflicts in human history.",
"title": "World War I casualties"
},
{
"docid": "33111#3",
"text": "Casualty statistics for World War I vary to a great extent; estimates of total deaths range from 9 million to over 15 million. Military casualties reported in official sources list deaths due to all causes, including an estimated 7 to 8 million combat related deaths (killed or died of wounds) and another two to three million military deaths caused by accidents, disease and deaths while prisoners of war. Official government reports listing casualty statistics were published by the United States and Great Britain. These secondary sources published during the 1920s, are the source of the statistics in reference works listing casualties in World War I. This article summarizes the casualty statistics published in the official government reports of the United States and Great Britain as well as France, Italy, Belgium, Germany, Austria and Russia. More recently the research of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) has revised the military casualty statistics of the UK and its allies; they include in their listing of military war dead personnel outside of combat theaters and civilians recruited from Africa, the Middle East and China who provided logistical and service support in combat theaters. The casualties of these support personnel recruited outside of Europe were previously not included with British war dead, however the casualties of the Labour Corps recruited from the British Isles were included in the rolls of British war dead published in 1921. The methodology used by each nation to record and classify casualties was not uniform, a general caveat regarding casualty figures is that they cannot be considered comparable in all cases.",
"title": "World War I casualties"
},
{
"docid": "33111#1",
"text": "The total number of deaths includes from 9 to 11 million military personnel. The civilian death toll was about 8 million, including about 6 million due to war-related famine and disease. The Triple Entente (also known as the Allies) lost about 6 million military personnel while the Central Powers lost about 4 million. At least 2 million died from diseases and 6 million went missing, presumed dead. This article lists the casualties of the belligerent powers based on official published sources.",
"title": "World War I casualties"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "17031528#2",
"text": "During the war, Darwin was bombed 64 times over almost two years, with the first two raids alone on 19 February 1942 resulting in the deaths of an estimated 243 people. Other sources place the figure as much higher, even up to 1000, and a memorial plaque on the Darwin Esplanade overlooking the harbour says 292 people were killed. ABC TV News on 28 February 2010 carried an item saying that the Darwin City Council has commissioned naval historian John Bradford to determine the truth on how many died.",
"title": "Darwin Military Museum"
},
{
"docid": "1958142#6",
"text": "Soldier settlement blocks were established in Birdwoodton and Merbein West during and after WW1 and many streets were named after local soldiers who died in WW1. The district's horticulture and viticultural industries also attracted many European immigrants to the area.",
"title": "Merbein"
},
{
"docid": "14046416#2",
"text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.",
"title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "240900#18",
"text": "Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes.The total war dead in the USSR includes about 1 million victims of Stalin's regime. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages. The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal. Since 1990 Russian scholars have been given access to the Soviet-era archives and have published data on the numbers of people executed and those who died in Gulag labor camps and prisons. The Russian scholar Viktor Zemskov puts the death toll from 1941–1945 at about 1 million based on data from the Soviet archives. The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era. Robert Conquest and Steven Rosefielde have disputed the accuracy of the data from the Soviet archives, maintaining that the demographic data and testimonials by survivors of the Gulag labor camps indicate a higher death toll. Rosefielde posits that the release of the Soviet Archive figures is disinformation generated by the modern KGB. Rosefielde maintains that the data from the Soviet archives is incomplete; for example, he pointed out that the figures do not include the 22,000 victims of the Katyn massacre. Rosefielde's demographic analysis puts the number of excess deaths due to Soviet repression at 2,183,000 in 1939–40 and 5,458,000 from 1941–1945. Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps.",
"title": "World War II casualties"
},
{
"docid": "17572536#10",
"text": "Kelly Dawn Askin observes that increasingly, the victims of war are civilians. An estimated 45 million plus civilians died during World War II. Male and female civilians may be subject to torture, but many studies show that war rape is more frequently perpetrated on women than men. This may be due to the reluctance of men to come forward with accusations of being raped, and also an institutional bias amongst NGOs, who frequently focus resources on female victims. However rape against women is also underreported. Perpetrators of sexual violence against women and children \"commonly include not only enemy civilians and troops but also allied and national civilians and even comrades in arms.\"",
"title": "Wartime sexual violence"
},
{
"docid": "33111#6",
"text": "The war involved multi-ethnic empires such as Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Turkey. Many ethnic groups in these territories were conscripted for military service. The casualties listed by modern borders are also included in the above table of figures for the countries that existed in 1914. The casualty figures by 1924 post war borders are rough estimates by Russian historian Vadim Erlikman in a 2004 handbook of human losses in the 20th century, the sources of his figures were published in the Soviet era and in post-Soviet Russia. According to the 1914–1918 Online Encyclopedia \"In addition to losses suffered by African military personnel and the laborers supporting their operations, very large, but unknown numbers of African civilians perished during the war.\" They made an estimate of civilian losses in Africa of 750,000 based on the study by the Vadim Erlikman. They noted that Erlikman's figures are based on the work of the Russian demographer Boris Urlanis, they noted that these estimates were \"imprecise\" and \"could be used to provide a frame of reference for further inquiry\". The \"Oxford History of World War One\" notes that \"In east and central Africa the harshness of the war resulted in acute shortages of food with famine in some areas, a weakening of populations, and epidemic diseases which killed hundreds of thousands of people and also cattle.\"\nThe following estimates of Austrian deaths, within contemporary borders, were made by a Russian historian in a 2004 handbook of human losses in the 20th century. Total dead 175,000: including military losses 120,000 with the Austro-Hungarian forces and POW deaths in captivity of 30,000. Civilian dead due to famine and disease were 25,000.\nThe following estimates of Belarusian deaths, within contemporary borders, were made by a Russian historian in a 2004 handbook of human losses in the 20th century. Total dead 130,000: including military losses 70,000 with the Russian forces. Civilian dead were 60,000.\nThe following estimates of Ukrainian deaths, within contemporary borders, were made by a Russian historian in a 2004 handbook of human losses in the 20th century. Total dead 590,000: including military losses 450,000,(Erlikman did not break out military losses between Austro-Hungarian and Russian armed forces). Civilian dead were 140,000.\nThe Belgian Congo was part of the Kingdom of Belgium during the war. A Russian historian Vadim Erlikman in a 2004 handbook of human losses in the 20th century based on sources published in the Soviet Union and Russia estimated a total of 155,000 deaths in the Belgian Congo during the war.\nCzechoslovakia was part of Austro-Hungary during the war. The estimates of Czechoslovak deaths within 1991 borders were made by a Russian historian in a 2004 handbook of human losses in the 20th century. Total dead 185,000: including military losses 110,000 with the Austro-Hungarian forces and POW deaths in captivity of 45,000. Civilian dead due to famine and disease were 30,000. The Czechoslovak Legions fought with the armies of the Allies during the war.\nEstonia was part of the Russian Empire during the war and about 100,000 Estonians served in the Russian Army. Of them about 10,000 were killed.\nFrom 1809 Finland was an autonomous Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire until the end of 1917. In 1924 the Finnish government in a reply to a questionnaire from the International Labour Office, an agency of the League of Nations, reported 26,517 were dead and missing in World War I.",
"title": "World War I casualties"
}
] | [
0.500415027141571,
-0.1669769287109375,
0.000576019287109375,
-0.05494537204504013,
0.40269774198532104,
0.24367523193359375,
0.23468628525733948,
-0.37785643339157104,
0.21460875868797302,
0.3604736328125,
-0.36365967988967896,
-0.2925476133823395,
0.04637603834271431,
0.10726089775562286,
0.06962890923023224,
-0.16859588027000427,
0.23436279594898224,
-0.16624431312084198,
-0.11953411251306534,
0.30207520723342896,
0.07974471896886826,
0.5260254144668579,
-0.05803985521197319,
0.18591919541358948,
0.12087173759937286,
-0.11813507229089737,
-0.06351013481616974,
0.1861419677734375,
-0.42359620332717896,
0.2060546875,
0.4284301698207855,
-0.05165724828839302,
-0.08655090630054474,
0.4560302793979645,
-0.240977481007576,
0.300375372171402,
-0.11864624172449112,
-0.011158752255141735,
0.0025070190895348787,
0.035369109362363815,
0.05558719485998154,
-0.023416757583618164,
0.3696044981479645,
-0.12218932807445526,
0.24205322563648224,
-0.24028930068016052,
-0.26095885038375854,
-0.19320526719093323,
-0.17595824599266052,
0.18650969862937927,
-0.3771728575229645,
-0.3234008848667145,
-0.43354493379592896,
-0.09269638359546661,
-0.37050169706344604,
0.20451660454273224,
0.08272552490234375,
0.7982422113418579,
-0.206329345703125,
-0.18344421684741974,
0.16336670517921448,
0.17607422173023224,
-0.21860961616039276,
-0.03219299390912056,
0.31798094511032104,
0.146484375,
0.07328014075756073,
0.2788024842739105,
0.36761474609375,
0.3696044981479645,
-0.13237838447093964,
0.18538208305835724,
0.4176879823207855,
0.07399902492761612,
-0.30575865507125854,
-0.5399414300918579,
0.07280721515417099,
0.10276031494140625,
0.02062377892434597,
-0.20327147841453552,
0.233367919921875,
-0.18537215888500214,
-0.10361633449792862,
0.14323119819164276,
-0.0790557861328125,
0.31456297636032104,
-0.012982177548110485,
0.17325440049171448,
0.14750823378562927,
0.768115222454071,
0.02582092210650444,
0.16203002631664276,
0.059511948376894,
0.1591205596923828,
-0.07269287109375,
0.12256546318531036,
0.6314452886581421,
0.024831390008330345,
0.04309719800949097,
-0.1569666564464569,
0.16800537705421448,
-0.19536742568016052,
0.044200897216796875,
0.5414062738418579,
0.5672363042831421,
-0.536572277545929,
-0.23795166611671448,
0.102508544921875,
0.3196777403354645,
0.31581419706344604,
-0.05000915378332138,
-0.4262329041957855,
-0.12387695163488388,
0.24510498344898224,
0.32066649198532104,
-0.0834735855460167,
0.40800172090530396,
-0.306396484375,
-0.23146668076515198,
-0.5713802576065063,
0.15819664299488068,
0.1759597808122635,
-0.09949950873851776,
-0.04889831691980362,
-0.4526611268520355,
0.21339111030101776,
0.4063476622104645,
-0.060141753405332565,
0.62353515625,
0.06630859524011612,
0.12481383979320526,
0.27025145292282104,
0.22431030869483948,
0.5717529058456421,
0.3825820982456207,
0.36350709199905396,
-0.035973358899354935,
-0.3096679747104645,
-0.0076393126510083675,
-0.38104248046875,
-0.12203025817871094,
0.26951903104782104,
-0.07228164374828339,
0.5020751953125,
-0.12322235107421875,
0.27757567167282104,
-0.01576995849609375,
0.44060057401657104,
-0.106231689453125,
0.16506347060203552,
-0.12787017226219177,
0.17130737006664276,
-0.35393065214157104,
0.3572998046875,
0.020114898681640625,
0.1060791015625,
0.282745361328125,
0.20164795219898224,
-0.06462249904870987,
0.24080657958984375,
0.7422851324081421,
0.36346435546875,
-0.06687317043542862,
0.472900390625,
0.015436554327607155,
0.17081908881664276,
-0.2285308837890625,
0.32283324003219604,
0.5775390863418579,
-0.24948731064796448,
-0.14979247748851776,
0.180908203125,
-0.06345410645008087,
-0.0832366943359375,
0.079523466527462,
0.12344665825366974,
-0.21199722588062286,
0.02248230017721653,
0.012054443359375,
0.060362815856933594,
0.4468994140625,
0.05646819993853569,
0.18535156548023224,
-0.21492919325828552,
0.554150402545929,
0.35142821073532104,
0.13486938178539276,
-0.08048133552074432,
-0.29197388887405396,
0.036711882799863815,
-0.01612243615090847,
0.04499206691980362,
0.5279541015625,
0.09809760749340057,
0.13692931830883026,
0.06587066501379013,
0.33494263887405396,
0.31974107027053833,
0.03951416164636612,
0.24034996330738068,
-0.2513877749443054,
0.016349028795957565,
-0.6365722417831421,
-0.05129976198077202,
0.42280274629592896,
-0.10484008491039276,
-0.13817596435546875,
0.330484002828598,
-0.2595458924770355,
-0.18138428032398224,
0.05626525729894638,
0.005222320556640625,
0.10178832709789276,
0.18418732285499573,
0.04690132290124893,
0.28303223848342896,
-0.3718810975551605,
0.09732971340417862,
0.31633299589157104,
0.1001434326171875,
-0.18329468369483948,
0.46898192167282104,
-0.14001159369945526,
-0.18951416015625,
0.17348022758960724,
0.07660217583179474,
-0.36311036348342896,
-0.40147703886032104,
0.1036224365234375,
0.30377197265625,
0.12859192490577698,
0.2849487364292145,
-0.011141205206513405,
-0.04143371433019638,
0.2968383729457855,
0.3169311583042145,
0.362518310546875,
0.09249572455883026,
-0.14454956352710724,
0.2142898589372635,
0.531689465045929,
0.014874267391860485,
0.04208068922162056,
0.24931640923023224,
0.42998045682907104,
-0.43215638399124146,
0.023578356951475143,
-0.14478759467601776,
-0.2529052793979645,
0.16249695420265198,
0.08869323879480362,
-0.30268555879592896,
0.233245849609375,
0.31633299589157104,
-0.4305419921875,
0.16893048584461212,
0.25517576932907104,
-0.02946777269244194,
-0.05697479099035263,
0.3415771424770355,
-0.08931884914636612,
0.837939441204071,
0.06277008354663849,
0.12345580756664276,
-0.07112808525562286,
-0.22661742568016052,
0.13577575981616974,
0.46989744901657104,
0.071924589574337,
0.5955810546875,
0.4187988340854645,
-0.20655211806297302,
0.24143067002296448,
0.02755126915872097,
-0.28721922636032104,
-0.06367798149585724,
0.47746580839157104,
0.10484619438648224,
-0.16438904404640198,
0.34275054931640625,
-0.014508056454360485,
0.036183930933475494,
-0.05036506801843643,
-0.3133544921875,
0.13776245713233948,
0.5097900629043579,
0.04031066969037056,
0.246490478515625,
-0.08087768405675888,
0.114105224609375,
0.33265382051467896,
0.4183105528354645,
-0.2523559629917145,
-0.2796264588832855,
0.07592637836933136,
0.32931214570999146,
-0.06273651123046875,
0.15535278618335724,
0.05486297607421875,
0.0661468505859375,
0.4576660096645355,
-0.34033203125,
0.06812439113855362,
-0.14374390244483948,
0.25355225801467896,
-0.3665771484375,
0.3069213926792145,
-0.17375679314136505,
-0.12906189262866974,
0.4085693359375,
0.3415771424770355,
-0.07057952880859375,
-0.02929992601275444,
0.07906875759363174,
0.14955368638038635,
0.4525390565395355,
0.10025481879711151,
0.19010010361671448,
0.532031238079071,
-0.2908569276332855,
0.23094730079174042,
-0.1111854538321495,
-0.3086181581020355,
-0.24591064453125,
-0.11653289943933487,
-0.32380372285842896,
0.07285461574792862,
-0.13569335639476776,
0.8790527582168579,
0.319192498922348,
0.07080383598804474,
0.25444334745407104,
-0.3379272520542145,
-0.07874145358800888,
0.09237060695886612,
0.25102537870407104,
0.27996826171875,
0.151763916015625,
-0.3284362852573395,
-0.302001953125,
0.10959015041589737,
-0.19603881239891052,
0.1299285888671875,
0.12127075344324112,
0.2196044921875,
-0.041312407702207565,
0.37860107421875,
-0.1054454818367958,
0.3073486387729645,
-0.28602296113967896,
0.014180755242705345,
0.02880096435546875,
-0.08309631049633026,
-0.011859511956572533,
0.1676986664533615,
0.18115234375,
0.740917980670929,
0.17014160752296448,
0.31682127714157104,
-0.31151121854782104,
0.23562011122703552,
0.0862579345703125,
0.23779296875,
0.33417969942092896,
0.02252349816262722,
0.0492095947265625,
0.24655762314796448,
-0.455322265625,
0.48408204317092896,
-0.18330688774585724,
-0.06298675388097763,
0.015165233984589577,
-0.11659850925207138,
0.08990173041820526,
-0.3196655213832855,
-0.3919677734375,
0.13622131943702698,
0.16950073838233948,
0.41169434785842896,
0.014435196295380592,
-0.27462464570999146,
0.5625244379043579,
0.17502669990062714,
0.18231812119483948,
-0.4635986387729645,
0.017189789563417435,
0.08954109996557236,
0.03773345798254013,
0.129039004445076,
-0.17467574775218964,
0.03361663967370987,
-0.3627380430698395,
0.2692627012729645,
-0.22876891493797302,
-0.16636963188648224,
-0.3507080078125,
-0.10947723686695099,
0.16234131157398224,
0.448486328125,
-0.29902952909469604,
0.13080444931983948,
0.28406983613967896,
0.03344421461224556,
0.30418699979782104,
4.132031440734863,
0.28277587890625,
0.22930602729320526,
-0.10226134955883026,
-0.23259277641773224,
0.3880248963832855,
0.34174805879592896,
-0.13527831435203552,
0.16996459662914276,
0.0234527587890625,
-0.23469237983226776,
0.13284912705421448,
0.10268554836511612,
0.4014892578125,
-0.31440430879592896,
0.169830322265625,
-0.012285232543945312,
-0.21112671494483948,
0.42304688692092896,
0.710986316204071,
-0.2605224549770355,
0.1916644126176834,
0.251495361328125,
0.3206420838832855,
0.1413080245256424,
0.15570068359375,
0.3298095762729645,
-0.07240524142980576,
0.10295715183019638,
0.219207763671875,
0.4095703065395355,
-0.10939864814281464,
0.24660949409008026,
0.05182075500488281,
-0.5710083246231079,
0.284536749124527,
0.31053465604782104,
0.12391968071460724,
-0.06990738213062286,
0.04987335205078125,
-0.2777343690395355,
-0.01768035814166069,
-0.14523009955883026,
0.6646972894668579,
0.24904784560203552,
0.14211730659008026,
-0.08462333679199219,
0.22658081352710724,
-0.01622619666159153,
0.553356945514679,
0.20587158203125,
-0.46745604276657104,
0.20100708305835724,
-0.33673095703125,
0.18657836318016052,
0.5282226800918579,
0.28905028104782104,
0.643237292766571,
0.04543151706457138,
0.41643065214157104,
0.08245849609375,
-0.04033012315630913,
0.2536987364292145,
0.06298065185546875,
-0.3044326901435852,
0.08336792141199112,
0.23466643691062927,
0.600415050983429,
-0.0500943660736084,
-0.11036376655101776,
0.32508546113967896,
0.362060546875,
0.44392091035842896,
-0.20242920517921448,
0.14142218232154846,
-0.014141845516860485,
-0.12484683841466904,
0.18577995896339417,
-0.03803405910730362,
-0.025463199242949486,
0.15994949638843536,
-0.28721922636032104,
0.0716983824968338,
0.16074219346046448,
-0.039318084716796875,
0.4703125059604645,
0.02841491624712944,
-0.5079101324081421,
0.4998779296875,
0.147186279296875,
0.2704834043979645,
-0.13279418647289276,
0.009656143374741077,
0.2674880921840668,
0.27570801973342896,
0.38688963651657104,
-0.11973891407251358,
-4.008398532867432,
0.20148316025733948,
0.17173919081687927,
-0.2818237245082855,
0.03233795240521431,
0.022742653265595436,
0.25422364473342896,
0.675537109375,
-0.46894532442092896,
0.0040950775146484375,
-0.0571100227534771,
0.20383301377296448,
-0.38751220703125,
0.3261604309082031,
0.35386961698532104,
0.14548377692699432,
-0.1691536009311676,
0.11902923882007599,
0.2958984375,
-0.06710205227136612,
0.21102753281593323,
0.11118774116039276,
0.207550048828125,
-0.20021972060203552,
-0.013192367739975452,
0.02158966101706028,
0.15073546767234802,
-0.34765625,
0.026163864880800247,
0.17508545517921448,
0.08993645012378693,
-0.3767333924770355,
0.598828136920929,
-0.097412109375,
0.2012646645307541,
0.88671875,
0.4814697206020355,
-0.07886123657226562,
0.26734620332717896,
0.3663574159145355,
-0.13819733262062073,
0.14776840806007385,
0.4721435606479645,
-0.002785205841064453,
0.09283600002527237,
0.3853515684604645,
0.025780867785215378,
0.137908935546875,
0.017481232061982155,
-0.0770416259765625,
0.2286376953125,
0.008082007989287376,
0.05059051513671875,
0.06505279242992401,
0.45979005098342896,
-0.01601257361471653,
0.219889834523201,
0.0834144577383995,
0.17295074462890625,
0.20326538383960724,
0.14346008002758026,
-0.14815369248390198,
0.038639068603515625,
-0.11976852267980576,
0.02287139929831028,
-0.25989991426467896,
0.1502334624528885,
0.11049499362707138,
0.35333251953125,
0.01438293419778347,
0.11564330756664276,
0.40234375,
0.2968994081020355,
0.22252197563648224,
0.1572418212890625,
0.3413940370082855,
0.17991332709789276,
-0.29230958223342896,
0.642041027545929,
0.2402496337890625,
-0.13548584282398224,
-0.08555908501148224,
-0.4646972715854645,
0.23908691108226776,
2.117382764816284,
0.21406249701976776,
2.170214891433716,
0.35991209745407104,
0.02886962890625,
0.18487548828125,
-0.2562576234340668,
0.21290282905101776,
0.14931030571460724,
0.1882781982421875,
-0.15116043388843536,
-0.05681648105382919,
-0.009099578484892845,
0.14438171684741974,
0.37126463651657104,
-0.057450104504823685,
0.3862060606479645,
-0.9068847894668579,
0.14690551161766052,
-0.3673095703125,
0.5386962890625,
-0.032346345484256744,
-0.1535545289516449,
0.026244163513183594,
0.4195190370082855,
-0.18487548828125,
-0.33369141817092896,
0.18580932915210724,
-0.07015762478113174,
-0.37672120332717896,
-0.21048584580421448,
0.08232803642749786,
0.3970703184604645,
0.0032852173317223787,
0.004280281253159046,
0.22662964463233948,
-0.10932312160730362,
4.744140625,
0.4015747010707855,
-0.35499268770217896,
-0.07835082709789276,
-0.005474853329360485,
0.23579101264476776,
0.575488269329071,
0.15644225478172302,
0.11034651100635529,
-0.04394226148724556,
0.5364745855331421,
0.6219238042831421,
-0.009509277530014515,
0.0832698792219162,
0.24844971299171448,
0.05070953443646431,
0.22845458984375,
0.0813087448477745,
0.48572999238967896,
0.018036652356386185,
0.3902343809604645,
0.1314849853515625,
0.0994163528084755,
-0.14698486030101776,
0.34715574979782104,
0.374755859375,
0.510449230670929,
0.10894012451171875,
0.04641265794634819,
0.10296020656824112,
0.18258056044578552,
5.508593559265137,
-0.07013244926929474,
0.17386475205421448,
0.08818187564611435,
-0.2273101806640625,
0.060825444757938385,
-0.35786134004592896,
-0.04261627048254013,
-0.38481444120407104,
-0.01875324174761772,
-0.3907470703125,
0.00798645056784153,
-0.2631988525390625,
0.07268981635570526,
-0.01869356632232666,
-0.01245269738137722,
-0.20574799180030823,
-0.27772217988967896,
-0.11229705810546875,
-0.39143067598342896,
0.6229003667831421,
-0.2490234375,
0.15520934760570526,
-0.719677746295929,
-0.04100952297449112,
-0.0060272216796875,
0.02737579308450222,
0.3358703553676605,
-0.11014862358570099,
-0.19461670517921448,
0.34979248046875,
0.32066649198532104,
0.03871917724609375,
0.30064696073532104,
-0.25665283203125,
0.17037352919578552,
0.4263671934604645,
0.17592468857765198,
-0.018029022961854935,
0.06401367485523224,
0.24100342392921448,
0.07927732169628143,
-0.10326371341943741,
0.016625214368104935,
0.05186309665441513,
0.009387969970703125,
0.137919619679451,
-0.02002410963177681,
-0.24979248642921448,
-0.07127990573644638,
-0.017728423699736595,
-0.033509064465761185,
1.278417944908142,
-0.0809016227722168,
0.051455117762088776,
0.4139160215854645,
-0.05053205415606499,
-0.11524657905101776,
-0.02453308179974556,
-0.22485962510108948,
0.306243896484375,
0.19435271620750427,
0.16470642387866974,
0.32710570096969604,
0.4796386659145355,
0.3098998963832855,
0.7090820074081421,
-0.09653778374195099,
0.5760742425918579,
-0.4851318299770355,
0.13180390000343323,
-0.1158294677734375,
-0.1283344328403473,
0.03739318996667862,
-0.10980224609375,
-0.16358336806297302,
0.12704162299633026,
-0.029860686510801315,
0.4069580137729645,
0.1380050629377365,
-0.25558167695999146,
-0.35905760526657104,
-0.14584311842918396,
0.01978283002972603,
0.13420256972312927,
0.22589722275733948,
-0.010746764950454235,
-0.5287841558456421,
0.2625732421875,
0.15850524604320526,
0.47062987089157104,
0.10736846923828125,
0.10856322944164276,
0.428048700094223,
0.20706787705421448,
0.20395202934741974,
0.16885986924171448,
0.5828613042831421,
0.22120361030101776,
0.36210936307907104,
-0.06951294094324112,
0.23178711533546448,
-0.038068391382694244,
-0.24594727158546448,
0.27716064453125,
-0.24771729111671448,
-0.037747573107481,
0.252847284078598,
-0.11189422756433487,
0.26324766874313354,
0.2613159120082855,
0.48750001192092896,
0.09281615912914276,
-0.3737548887729645,
0.09939269721508026
] |
42 | How old is the town of Wolfstein in Germany? | [
{
"docid": "4238935#13",
"text": "Wolfstein was founded in 1275 on Habsburg King Rudolph I's orders, which called for a “fortified and free” town near his castle, “Woluisstein”, now known as the \"Alt-Wolfstein\" (“Old Wolfstein”) ruin. Rudolph forthwith granted the new town the same town rights and freedoms as the town of Speyer. As an “everlasting marketplace”, it was to be a sanctuary for commerce, trade and dealing. The first townsmen and -women came from the surrounding, much older villages.",
"title": "Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "4238935#5",
"text": "Spreading out from the old town (known as the \"Flecken\", meaning “market town”) in the hollow, the settled parts of town lay in the 19th century on the slopes between the Tauchental (dale) and Schlossgasse (or Obergasse – a lane), on the narrow strips of land either side of Lauterstraße (or Untergasse) and on Hauptstraße (“Main Street”, but in an outlying neighbourhood). Worth mentioning are several old buildings in Wolfstein: the Evangelical church (1868, beside the town hall), the Catholic rectory (1845, outside town centre), the Evangelical rectory (1899, outside town centre), the court and prison building (1902/1903, outside town centre) and the former \"Kurhaus Lautertal\" (spa hotel, 1862, renovated in 1912, outside town centre).",
"title": "Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate"
},
{
"docid": "4238935#11",
"text": "Archaeological finds from both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age on the Königsberg's and the Selberg's west flank, barrows in the Jungenwald (forest) at the town limits with Aschbach and Lohnweiler that have been explored and many finds of Roman coins with effigies of Roman emperors at the old Celtic settlement, which was once surrounded by a ringwall, on the Kreimberg at the town limit with Kreimbach-Kaulbach (known as the \"Heidenburg\", or “Heathen Castle”) bear witness to the presence of people in what is now Wolfstein in prehistoric times and early historic times. Leading over the ridge of the Königsberg was the “Roman road”, one of the Palatinate's oldest settlement roads. Nevertheless, there was never any Roman settlement within what are now Wolfstein's limits.",
"title": "Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate"
},
{
"docid": "4238935#19",
"text": "The \"Amtskellerei\", whose mostly noble \"Amtskeller\" were charged with executing princely orders, was to be found at Neu-Wolfstein Castle, and after that was destroyed in 1688 by King Louis XIV’s troops in the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the \"Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg\", or War of the Palatine Succession), at a small house beside the old town hall at the foot of the Schlossberg; beginning in 1753 it was at the great building before the outer town gate (today the town hall) built on Elector Karl Theodor’s (1742-1799) orders from \"Amtsgefällen\" – \"Amt\" taxes. By territorial swap between the Elector and the Duke of Zweibrücken in 1768, the places within the \"Schultheißerei\" of Einöllen (Einöllen, Hohenöllen, Tiefenbach, Oberweiler, Roßbach and Sulzhof) passed to Electoral Palatinate and were assigned to the \"Amt\" of Wolfstein.",
"title": "Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate"
},
{
"docid": "4238935#32",
"text": "After the 1849 Palatine Uprising, many people from the town emigrated to the United States. In connection with the 1832 Hambach Festival and the later Palatine Uprising, there is a story: On the republican-liberal citizenry’s side was the 23-year-old tanner’s son Jakob Krieger, who fled to the United States, where he founded a trade and banking company in Louisville. His daughter Amy married the Wolfstein banker Karl Otto Braun. On the other side was the State Procurator General at the court of appeal in Zweibrücken, Wolfstein-born Ludwig Schmitt, \"Heidelberger Romantik\" painter Georg Philipp Schmitt’s brother, and also Jakob Krieger’s cousin. Schmitt led the prosecution of the trials against the insurrectionists.",
"title": "Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate"
},
{
"docid": "4238935#20",
"text": "The town’s days as an Electoral Palatinate holding came to an end when French Revolutionary troops occupied the lands on the Rhine’s left bank, including the town itself; by 1801, this territory had been annexed under the terms of the Treaty of Lunéville by the soon to be Napoleonic France. As early as 1797, Wolfstein became, in the course of administrative reform carried out by the French, a cantonal seat in the Arrondissement of Kaiserslautern and the Department of Mont-Tonnerre (or Donnersberg in German). Belonging to the canton were 32 municipalities with 8 mayors and roughly 8,000 inhabitants. The \"Mairie\" (“Mayoralty”) of Wolfstein comprised four municipalities with roughly 1,300 inhabitants; in the town itself lived 37 families and 311 persons. In 1814, the French withdrew from the Canton of Wolfstein.",
"title": "Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate"
},
{
"docid": "4238935#0",
"text": "Wolfstein is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Before 1 July 2014 it was the seat of the like-named \"Verbandsgemeinde\", since then it is part of the \"Verbandsgemeinde\" Lauterecken-Wolfstein. Wolfstein is known for its two castle ruins, \"Neu-Wolfstein\" standing over the heart of the town, and \"Alt-Wolfstein\" standing at the narrowest spot in the Lauter valley at the town's northern entrance. Wolfstein is a state-recognized recreational resort (\"Erholungsort\").",
"title": "Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate"
},
{
"docid": "4238935#62",
"text": "Signposted paths open the Königsberg and its environs to the hiker. The \"Glan-Lautertal-Höhenweg\", part of the \"Großer Westpfalzwanderweg\" (“Great West Palatinate Hiking Trail”) leads through the town's municipal area. Hiking destinations of particular note are the Laufhauser Weiher (pond), the Neu-Wolfstein and Alt-Wolfstein castle ruins, the Eisenknopf (peak) with its pavilion, the \"Zweikirche\", the \"Heidenburg\" (“Heathen Castle”) on the Kreimberg, the Selberg (545 m above sea level) with its lookout tower and the gliderport near Eßweiler. Worth seeing in the town itself are the inn “Zur Alten Schenke”, which from 1590 to 1753 was the town hall, today's town hall, the former \"Amtskellerei\", which was once an administrative centre, the Schlossplatz (“Castle Square”) with its \"Musikantenbrunnen\", a fountain celebrating the local tradition of the \"Musikanten\" (see the Hinzweiler article – sections \"History\" and \"Famous people\" – for more about this), the remodelled Schlossgasse (“Castle Lane”) with its \"Eulenbrunnen\" (“Owl Fountain”) and the remodelling area around the \"Alte Mühle\" (“Old Mill”, on Mühlgasse).",
"title": "Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate"
},
{
"docid": "4238935#10",
"text": "Yearly precipitation in Wolfstein amounts to 729 mm, which falls into the middle third of the precipitation chart for all Germany. At 46% of the German Weather Service's weather stations, lower figures are recorded. The driest month is April. The most rainfall comes in June. In that month, precipitation is 1.4 times what it is in April. Precipitation varies only slightly and is spread extremely evenly over the year. Only at 1% of the weather stations are lower seasonal recorded.",
"title": "Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate"
},
{
"docid": "56169901#0",
"text": "Old Wolfstein Castle (, also called the \"Altes Schloß\"), is a ruined hillside castle on the eastern slopes of the Königsberg at the narrowest point in the Lauter valley near Wolfstein in the county of Kusel in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.",
"title": "Old Wolfstein Castle"
}
] | [
0.026962867006659508,
0.06495431810617447,
-0.34646371006965637,
0.11509822309017181,
-0.028072943910956383,
0.08795647323131561,
0.30869704484939575,
-0.3071758449077606,
-0.1585693359375,
0.24270865321159363,
-0.7329946756362915,
-0.3956298828125,
-0.3492337763309479,
-0.21333195269107819,
0.08962425589561462,
-0.72607421875,
0.524169921875,
0.35443586111068726,
-0.16949932277202606,
0.3043119013309479,
-0.1188242956995964,
0.47121018171310425,
-0.30280011892318726,
0.12059461325407028,
0.20080097019672394,
0.27056884765625,
-0.2026132494211197,
0.47023361921310425,
-0.46170514822006226,
0.2967998683452606,
0.4851449728012085,
-0.09289022535085678,
0.021764902397990227,
-0.014521672390401363,
-0.38295334577560425,
0.26931527256965637,
0.04742196947336197,
0.013640916906297207,
0.18987567722797394,
0.44430777430534363,
-0.011077294126152992,
0.11558298021554947,
0.6893404722213745,
0.05602594465017319,
0.3642578125,
-0.2720266580581665,
0.21522639691829681,
0.38551682233810425,
-0.08664527535438538,
0.3359891474246979,
-0.08132611960172653,
0.09246943891048431,
0.18738262355327606,
0.16130183637142181,
-0.39337629079818726,
0.2563852071762085,
0.2645099461078644,
0.2781231105327606,
0.021546583622694016,
-0.10904987156391144,
0.13620148599147797,
0.20508047938346863,
-0.24026253819465637,
0.13372920453548431,
0.11759992688894272,
0.040707074105739594,
-0.024340923875570297,
0.07603219896554947,
0.5093148946762085,
0.0023099458776414394,
-0.2895883321762085,
0.3209228515625,
0.44677734375,
0.03635465353727341,
0.015295835211873055,
-0.02297738939523697,
0.3531963527202606,
0.026067586615681648,
0.21080604195594788,
-0.631575345993042,
0.38978224992752075,
-0.08829791843891144,
0.16541466116905212,
0.11778493970632553,
-0.3320688009262085,
0.5066293478012085,
0.023641733452677727,
0.2836679220199585,
0.262459397315979,
0.5359262228012085,
0.14718510210514069,
0.14532706141471863,
-0.10125967115163803,
-0.010310246609151363,
-0.05419921875,
0.29524582624435425,
0.1440957933664322,
-0.19246262311935425,
-0.03264104574918747,
-0.30169206857681274,
0.2230224609375,
-0.18947365880012512,
-0.2027863711118698,
0.48814040422439575,
0.4405048191547394,
-0.5076998472213745,
-0.49099496006965637,
0.16658371686935425,
0.29135367274284363,
0.5110989809036255,
0.33553022146224976,
-0.08956439793109894,
-0.04998104274272919,
-0.4827880859375,
0.18969962000846863,
0.10155178606510162,
0.53497314453125,
-0.35775992274284363,
-0.4481060206890106,
-0.4982816278934479,
0.35809797048568726,
-0.08243267238140106,
-0.2944805324077606,
-0.31796500086784363,
-0.3925875127315521,
-0.15913508832454681,
0.3414400517940521,
-0.19687125086784363,
0.5714956521987915,
0.4883939325809479,
-0.26787039637565613,
0.26193472743034363,
0.6998385190963745,
0.5141413807868958,
0.097808837890625,
0.27483895421028137,
0.1190464049577713,
0.0008609478245489299,
-0.11869694292545319,
-0.17444434762001038,
0.4562612771987915,
0.04246535524725914,
0.08814180642366409,
0.23100398480892181,
-0.08748861402273178,
0.42625075578689575,
-0.06904719769954681,
0.13452735543251038,
-0.20326350629329681,
0.3782489597797394,
0.36165910959243774,
0.1357187181711197,
-0.2967012822628021,
0.12583981454372406,
-0.019560594111680984,
-0.08762887865304947,
0.3990103006362915,
0.30052536725997925,
-0.40530160069465637,
0.4275747537612915,
0.80029296875,
0.25053054094314575,
0.05691704526543617,
0.11107107251882553,
-0.04444374516606331,
0.34657639265060425,
-0.2475210279226303,
0.3924466669559479,
0.6229342222213745,
-0.18626990914344788,
-0.5544996857643127,
-0.017059326171875,
-0.1938406080007553,
-0.43938738107681274,
0.38607552647590637,
-0.0011003934778273106,
-0.5249868631362915,
0.1329721361398697,
0.09783935546875,
0.16002009809017181,
0.2485422044992447,
0.3599384129047394,
0.27020263671875,
0.04432912915945053,
0.4884878396987915,
0.3499661982059479,
-0.18933223187923431,
-0.15849773585796356,
-0.2647493779659271,
0.22905085980892181,
-0.016394982114434242,
0.40036246180534363,
0.5911959409713745,
-0.26244646310806274,
0.2906494140625,
0.06852428615093231,
-0.09259385615587234,
0.5963416695594788,
0.11307463049888611,
0.03103168122470379,
0.00439453125,
0.2819918096065521,
-0.5665377378463745,
0.23749248683452606,
0.3053447902202606,
-0.34729474782943726,
0.12102098017930984,
-0.09793677926063538,
-0.27392578125,
-0.4756986200809479,
0.2870471775531769,
0.09030620753765106,
0.31591445207595825,
0.22629135847091675,
-0.1482502818107605,
0.20768620073795319,
0.04188361391425133,
-0.19846519827842712,
0.5155592560768127,
0.1460184007883072,
-0.3764272928237915,
0.5059532523155212,
-0.025786180049180984,
-0.07490921020507812,
0.10663311183452606,
0.03397662937641144,
-0.3422476053237915,
-0.6777155995368958,
0.06946504861116409,
-0.08159931004047394,
-0.023031968623399734,
-0.13871882855892181,
0.20236441493034363,
-0.7586575746536255,
0.18984046578407288,
0.32150620222091675,
0.35344988107681274,
0.021322397515177727,
-0.006010495591908693,
0.21949650347232819,
0.41205304861068726,
-0.12336378544569016,
-0.29705339670181274,
0.162933349609375,
0.5161508321762085,
-0.5047889351844788,
-0.06384629756212234,
0.1389777809381485,
-0.26209670305252075,
0.11096660792827606,
0.05603614076972008,
0.25414568185806274,
0.09545311331748962,
0.38820236921310425,
-0.3331204950809479,
0.31707763671875,
0.3479097783565521,
-0.14300009608268738,
0.06738985329866409,
0.14553597569465637,
0.4583364725112915,
0.4582003057003021,
0.2801889181137085,
0.2986309230327606,
-0.13444167375564575,
-0.325439453125,
-0.164398193359375,
0.5434194803237915,
0.21252910792827606,
0.1313323974609375,
0.44669869542121887,
-0.8925593495368958,
0.5073805451393127,
-0.1825438290834427,
-0.30665940046310425,
-0.2191162109375,
0.304931640625,
0.10369873046875,
-0.21968430280685425,
0.1268444061279297,
0.5723219513893127,
0.09426116943359375,
-0.13893479108810425,
0.007661379408091307,
0.35098031163215637,
0.4042217433452606,
0.093719482421875,
-0.07751640677452087,
-0.2872314453125,
-0.21971717476844788,
0.3136455714702606,
0.6365684866905212,
0.14004634320735931,
-0.4911733865737915,
0.18176034092903137,
0.4211801290512085,
0.173980712890625,
-0.25069016218185425,
0.028565626591444016,
-0.3300405740737915,
0.09439321607351303,
-0.4211589992046356,
-0.011064969934523106,
0.21808330714702606,
0.20646315813064575,
-0.45318132638931274,
0.20230337977409363,
-0.1494375318288803,
-0.29017990827560425,
0.6086238026618958,
0.39561110734939575,
-0.2701932489871979,
-0.29392653703689575,
0.43462663888931274,
0.1594255119562149,
0.7261305451393127,
-0.16179245710372925,
0.16473624110221863,
0.22927621006965637,
-0.04596710205078125,
0.18299748003482819,
-0.4112642705440521,
-0.19781494140625,
-0.20712383091449738,
0.16933968663215637,
-0.23213078081607819,
0.22406005859375,
-0.23771785199642181,
0.5413724184036255,
0.0906234160065651,
0.25874799489974976,
0.28782302141189575,
0.24039635062217712,
-0.2417784482240677,
0.4342510402202606,
0.27627328038215637,
-0.035496052354574203,
0.15426400303840637,
0.21478798985481262,
0.07450925558805466,
0.050770100206136703,
0.02851897105574608,
-0.02093975432217121,
0.5000938773155212,
-0.002528850920498371,
-0.21219341456890106,
0.31812697649002075,
0.14961829781532288,
-0.062392015010118484,
-0.2897855341434479,
-0.28525015711784363,
0.3591214716434479,
-0.14592567086219788,
-0.24203726649284363,
-0.12602116167545319,
0.11940824240446091,
0.20070002973079681,
0.4150484502315521,
0.10934125632047653,
-0.26724007725715637,
0.057353679090738297,
0.31683820486068726,
0.3349233865737915,
-0.2563658356666565,
0.1573415845632553,
-0.3188101053237915,
-0.18567951023578644,
0.11641399562358856,
0.11544917523860931,
0.23006953299045563,
-0.09029916673898697,
-0.5288273692131042,
0.12888042628765106,
0.13013634085655212,
-0.6163235902786255,
-0.2697002589702606,
0.04811565577983856,
0.3944091796875,
0.26729172468185425,
0.25351187586784363,
0.2991849482059479,
0.536940336227417,
0.07981256395578384,
0.3853759765625,
-0.2613390386104584,
-0.42531174421310425,
-0.17093819379806519,
0.3026123046875,
0.15228740870952606,
-0.26568132638931274,
0.1612314134836197,
-0.09227224439382553,
0.13633376359939575,
-0.16339580714702606,
-0.006215975619852543,
-0.023154331371188164,
0.2031525820493698,
0.22498732805252075,
0.27157357335090637,
-0.055105943232774734,
0.08062509447336197,
-0.22656719386577606,
0.49171799421310425,
0.21435546875,
4.105919361114502,
0.564133882522583,
-0.11334873735904694,
-0.040694016963243484,
0.06397188454866409,
0.19516342878341675,
0.3970407247543335,
-0.09910348802804947,
-0.3700326681137085,
-0.03203105926513672,
-0.0341997891664505,
0.3753755986690521,
0.027850810438394547,
0.14000847935676575,
-0.036116380244493484,
0.4290865361690521,
0.63916015625,
0.32561784982681274,
0.09662099927663803,
0.4123159646987915,
-0.20848435163497925,
0.373779296875,
0.23902305960655212,
0.19391632080078125,
0.2564227879047394,
0.05141258239746094,
0.17893630266189575,
0.07403564453125,
0.23797138035297394,
-0.18269230425357819,
0.40005257725715637,
0.2521221339702606,
0.37845084071159363,
0.04328096657991409,
-0.605393648147583,
0.12390371412038803,
0.4051607549190521,
0.21505501866340637,
0.020621519535779953,
-0.10462364554405212,
-0.3746431767940521,
-0.07615617662668228,
0.39817458391189575,
0.3935922384262085,
-0.013345351442694664,
-0.39474722743034363,
0.013719999231398106,
0.28725022077560425,
0.26895377039909363,
0.3429096043109894,
0.27777084708213806,
0.36150652170181274,
0.2711087763309479,
-0.3186129033565521,
0.18316826224327087,
0.5804161429405212,
0.29429274797439575,
0.42877668142318726,
0.1600271314382553,
0.22499436140060425,
0.28777605295181274,
0.004685622174292803,
0.21798941493034363,
0.047974806278944016,
-0.5943697690963745,
-0.20661808550357819,
-0.05375572293996811,
0.46287184953689575,
-0.053473252803087234,
0.12468792498111725,
0.45355695486068726,
0.44463640451431274,
-0.03698026388883591,
-0.08941532671451569,
-0.0828031376004219,
-0.13093039393424988,
-0.18239182233810425,
0.29182785749435425,
0.1434854418039322,
-0.07208795100450516,
0.12336848676204681,
-0.12211491167545319,
0.0793304443359375,
0.43017578125,
-0.09487885981798172,
0.46116286516189575,
0.2725431025028229,
-0.5093125700950623,
0.44580078125,
-0.19271087646484375,
0.38352614641189575,
0.24867190420627594,
0.35150617361068726,
0.3791034519672394,
0.44131234288215637,
0.12108905613422394,
0.1060638427734375,
-3.985727071762085,
0.489990234375,
0.11545034497976303,
-0.21092811226844788,
0.0001660860434640199,
-0.10390310734510422,
0.049798525869846344,
0.2749093770980835,
-0.3175142705440521,
0.2154276967048645,
0.15704581141471863,
-0.30248552560806274,
-0.17702072858810425,
0.37709397077560425,
-0.06001047044992447,
-0.0501854233443737,
-0.28545671701431274,
0.09447068721055984,
0.1064799353480339,
0.000848109892103821,
0.03409282863140106,
0.025894751772284508,
0.17276236414909363,
-0.09474534541368484,
0.23330336809158325,
-0.2345346361398697,
0.000008803147466096561,
-0.26601937413215637,
0.12090595066547394,
0.0975494384765625,
0.19585594534873962,
-0.3936016261577606,
0.439697265625,
-0.4144662618637085,
-0.05845700949430466,
0.30075308680534363,
0.29140999913215637,
-0.3354856073856354,
0.3190824091434479,
0.27565354108810425,
-0.5718336701393127,
0.2083200365304947,
0.5913461446762085,
-0.07126558572053909,
0.10341233760118484,
0.15117000043392181,
-0.5281324982643127,
0.10167224705219269,
0.04942644387483597,
-0.058025654405355453,
0.35320839285850525,
0.33128005266189575,
-0.12997201085090637,
0.012415299192070961,
0.5660682320594788,
-0.2845999002456665,
0.4220440089702606,
-0.10754629224538803,
0.28733474016189575,
0.39764875173568726,
0.0910005047917366,
-0.18098098039627075,
-0.07996896654367447,
-0.08016029000282288,
-0.17565682530403137,
-0.24766892194747925,
0.18168288469314575,
0.2280009388923645,
0.40349870920181274,
-0.07639136910438538,
0.15965858101844788,
0.36416390538215637,
0.40089768171310425,
-0.23948317766189575,
-0.036244649440050125,
0.35548752546310425,
0.0529230572283268,
-0.09123817086219788,
0.8900991678237915,
0.29385140538215637,
0.0799594298005104,
0.20075637102127075,
-0.49697640538215637,
0.4184429347515106,
2.153395414352417,
0.05371680483222008,
2.309720516204834,
0.053859416395425797,
0.12299875169992447,
0.4554912745952606,
-0.35409781336784363,
0.16532722115516663,
0.14411690831184387,
0.16298148036003113,
-0.2050241380929947,
-0.0062044584192335606,
0.10964789986610413,
0.5273719429969788,
0.07270167768001556,
-0.24549748003482819,
0.3135986328125,
-0.727952241897583,
0.2025991529226303,
-0.09762382507324219,
0.35483023524284363,
0.043611232191324234,
-0.16740065813064575,
0.4458477199077606,
0.31139665842056274,
-0.086822509765625,
-0.2725971043109894,
0.41864484548568726,
0.22687706351280212,
-0.30691763758659363,
-0.06506288796663284,
-0.36630484461784363,
0.21666072309017181,
0.22493450343608856,
0.145824134349823,
-0.20087139308452606,
0.08318622410297394,
4.68239164352417,
0.5316256284713745,
-0.13689658045768738,
-0.18609383702278137,
0.2916400730609894,
0.16994300484657288,
0.3704927861690521,
0.23576472699642181,
0.06880833208560944,
0.32482439279556274,
0.4422513544559479,
0.15533798933029175,
0.0011811623116955161,
0.009980568662285805,
0.23744083940982819,
-0.1275634765625,
-0.11605013161897659,
0.182891845703125,
0.22473379969596863,
0.18555156886577606,
0.40805289149284363,
0.11520033329725266,
-0.08687709271907806,
0.017789840698242188,
0.16133175790309906,
0.052097614854574203,
0.33942121267318726,
-0.19317862391471863,
0.17101581394672394,
-0.1334161013364792,
0.4145883321762085,
5.410757064819336,
0.20266959071159363,
0.06930776685476303,
-0.17460750043392181,
-0.09830181300640106,
0.35320574045181274,
-0.08752059936523438,
0.23039363324642181,
-0.2058340162038803,
0.0009213961311616004,
-0.1982797533273697,
-0.0050811767578125,
-0.26886457204818726,
0.55419921875,
0.13760963082313538,
0.016735663637518883,
-0.26063889265060425,
0.03913160413503647,
0.0731201171875,
-0.09958003461360931,
0.7362342476844788,
0.23962871730327606,
0.2766864597797394,
-0.687819242477417,
-0.14171718060970306,
-0.02221136912703514,
-0.09899198263883591,
0.08595862984657288,
-0.13739013671875,
0.03672203794121742,
0.4618765115737915,
0.21318171918392181,
-0.39625900983810425,
0.291748046875,
-0.29840558767318726,
-0.10295222699642181,
0.8615910410881042,
0.07208251953125,
0.09381572902202606,
-0.28970101475715637,
0.37160080671310425,
0.34445425868034363,
0.06644909083843231,
0.054375868290662766,
-0.04722829908132553,
-0.10290879756212234,
-0.3137300908565521,
0.35663312673568726,
0.20913344621658325,
-0.28599196672439575,
0.044572096318006516,
-0.05416576564311981,
1.374924898147583,
0.338623046875,
0.3730233907699585,
0.4775766134262085,
-0.010979285463690758,
0.2686392068862915,
-0.10225912183523178,
-0.3378154933452606,
0.5926419496536255,
0.3083965480327606,
0.06864225119352341,
0.1594085693359375,
0.11902324855327606,
0.5053288340568542,
0.15807987749576569,
-0.15504337847232819,
0.6828801035881042,
-0.31280517578125,
0.07768983393907547,
0.35597991943359375,
-0.2803485691547394,
0.5309119820594788,
-0.2973257303237915,
0.23439377546310425,
-0.12336701899766922,
0.03187531605362892,
0.40109899640083313,
0.25376540422439575,
-0.31528884172439575,
-0.17062613368034363,
-0.14885066449642181,
0.17943866550922394,
-0.05756319314241409,
0.33697038888931274,
0.3673189580440521,
-0.11457237601280212,
0.13315875828266144,
-0.1486552357673645,
0.2788226902484894,
0.43280500173568726,
-0.030424851924180984,
0.841796875,
-0.05577674135565758,
0.07870542258024216,
0.2303648740053177,
0.6218824982643127,
-0.04824066162109375,
-0.2896716892719269,
-0.23081383109092712,
0.2665546238422394,
0.12931779026985168,
-0.21391648054122925,
0.39199593663215637,
-0.3094482421875,
-0.23106266558170319,
-0.055847130715847015,
-0.2775503396987915,
0.12147991359233856,
0.5094651579856873,
0.34479230642318726,
-0.14383873343467712,
-0.04881572723388672,
0.06354581564664841
] |
45 | What is within a nucleus of a cell? | [
{
"docid": "6235#1",
"text": "Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in a complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome and are structured in such a way to promote cell function. The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nuclear matrix (which includes the nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.",
"title": "Cell nucleus"
},
{
"docid": "6235#7",
"text": "The nucleus is the largest cellular organelle in animal cells.\nIn mammalian cells, the average diameter of the nucleus is approximately 6 micrometres (µm), which occupies about 10% of the total cell volume. The viscous liquid within it is called nucleoplasm (or karyolymph), and is similar in composition to the cytosol found outside the nucleus. It appears as a dense, roughly spherical or irregular organelle. The composition by dry weight of the nucleus is approximately: DNA 9%, RNA 1%, Histone Protein 11%, Residual Protein 14%, Acidic Proteins 65%.",
"title": "Cell nucleus"
},
{
"docid": "5184#0",
"text": "In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The main components of the cytoplasm are cytosol – a gel-like substance, the organelles – the cell's internal sub-structures, and various cytoplasmic inclusions. The cytoplasm is about 80% water and usually colorless.",
"title": "Cytoplasm"
},
{
"docid": "47719891#9",
"text": "In cells, DNA is housed in the nucleus and it never leaves. The DNA within the nucleus is transcribed by tRNA, and the transcriptions of the DNA become RNA. The RNA (ribonucleic acid) leaves the nucleus to float freely around the cytoplasm, and it contains the instructions of the DNA that are vital to the coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. The ribosomes then take the RNA messages and turn them into proteins that build cells. When a virus enters a cell and inserts its DNA code into the nucleus, it gets transcribed and released into the cell for the ribosome to make it into a protein. This is how viral infections occur. The cell then explodes with the overproduction of the virus, releasing it into the body to infect any and all other cells it finds. It is theorized that through evolution, cells developed a defense system called RNAi (RNA interference) to stop the production of the proteins that have suspicious mirror image messages of the RNA. They don’t just destroy the suspicious messages, but the correct messages as well to stop all production of that message. This is a cell’s self-destruct mechanism and every cell, plant and animal, have RNAi: a way to turn off the production of a certain gene inside the protein.",
"title": "Cell communication (biology)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "23389705#2",
"text": "\"Marteilia\" has a very peculiar morphology. The outermost cell is the primary cell. Within the primary cell, there is a nucleus and between 3 and 16 secondary cells. Within a secondary cell, there is a nucleus and between 1 to 6 spores. Within each spore, there is a nucleus and another spore, which has yet another nucleus and spore within. This spore within a spore within a spore is termed a tricellular spore. \"Marteilia\" has tricellular spores where as the similar genera \"Paramarteilia\" and \"Paramyxa\" have bicellular and tetracellular spores respectively (Feist, Hine, Bateman, Stentiford, & Longshaw, 2009).",
"title": "Marteilia"
},
{
"docid": "54176#7",
"text": "Cells in the body function because of DNA. DNA sits within the nucleus of a cell. Here, parts of DNA are copied and sent to the body of the cell via RNA. The RNA is then used to create proteins which form the basis for cells, their activity, and their products. Proteins dictate cell function and gene expression, a cell is able to self-regulate by the amount of proteins produced. However, not all cells have DNA – some cells such as mature red blood cells lose their nucleus as they mature.",
"title": "Human body"
},
{
"docid": "337071#0",
"text": "In neuroanatomy, a nucleus (plural form: nuclei) is a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system, located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. The neurons in one nucleus usually have roughly similar connections and functions. Nuclei are connected to other nuclei by tracts, the bundles (fascicles) of axons (nerve fibers) extending from the cell bodies. A nucleus is one of the two most common forms of nerve cell organization, the other being layered structures such as the cerebral cortex or cerebellar cortex. In anatomical sections, a nucleus shows up as a region of gray matter, often bordered by white matter. The vertebrate brain contains hundreds of distinguishable nuclei, varying widely in shape and size. A nucleus may itself have a complex internal structure, with multiple types of neurons arranged in clumps (subnuclei) or layers.",
"title": "Nucleus (neuroanatomy)"
},
{
"docid": "10704375#1",
"text": "Unlike many nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS), the mesencephalic nucleus contains no chemical synapses but are electrically coupled. Neurons of this nucleus are unipolar cells that receive proprioceptive information from the mandible and send projections to the trigeminal motor nucleus to mediate monosynaptic jaw jerk reflexes. It is also the only structure in the CNS to contain first order sensory neurons, cell bodies of primary afferents in contact with the periphery, which are usually contained within ganglia (like the trigeminal ganglion). The mesencephalic nucleus can thus be considered functionally as a sensory ganglion embedded within the brainstem, making it neuroanatomically unique .",
"title": "Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve"
},
{
"docid": "6241559#5",
"text": "The nucleus of the cell lies between the anterior lobes of the chloroplast in parallel with the pyrenoid, and some species have developed anterior nuclear lobes. The nucleus is centrally located and is parallel with the flagellar depression and pyrenoid. Additionally, condensed chromatin can be viewed in the nucleus of certain species. See figure 1 for nuclear positioning within cells. The Golgi of \"Tetraselmis\" species has a distinct number of Golgi bodies usually within the range of 2-4, but species can have up to 8 or more. This is a reliable characteristic that is used to help classify species. Golgi bodies lie between the chloroplast and the basal bodies; cis-Golgi face the chloroplast and trans-Golgi face the basal bodies. Mitochondria are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm in no pattern. The cytoplasm may contain additional organelles and macromolecules such as lipid droplets, vacuoles, and lysosomes. Additionally, the starch produced by \"Tetraselmis\" is the same as those produced from land plants.",
"title": "Tetraselmis"
},
{
"docid": "6235#57",
"text": "The first model known as the \"syntrophic model\" proposes that a symbiotic relationship between the archaea and bacteria created the nucleus-containing eukaryotic cell. (Organisms of the Archaea and Bacteria domain have no cell nucleus.) It is hypothesized that the symbiosis originated when ancient archaea, similar to modern methanogenic archaea, invaded and lived within bacteria similar to modern myxobacteria, eventually forming the early nucleus. This theory is analogous to the accepted theory for the origin of eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are thought to have developed from a similar endosymbiotic relationship between proto-eukaryotes and aerobic bacteria. The archaeal origin of the nucleus is supported by observations that archaea and eukarya have similar genes for certain proteins, including histones. Observations that myxobacteria are motile, can form multicellular complexes, and possess kinases and G proteins similar to eukarya, support a bacterial origin for the eukaryotic cell.",
"title": "Cell nucleus"
}
] | [
0.4063831567764282,
0.1338341385126114,
-0.17221346497535706,
0.19778719544410706,
-0.07089927047491074,
-0.5840509533882141,
0.5536443591117859,
-0.22091951966285706,
-0.05012945830821991,
0.022810155525803566,
-0.1257379651069641,
0.040677156299352646,
-0.04358707740902901,
0.2986505627632141,
-0.5311612486839294,
-0.4866388440132141,
0.40696021914482117,
0.027554599568247795,
-0.008062449283897877,
-0.01221466064453125,
0.012676585465669632,
0.3126109838485718,
0.018694443628191948,
-0.1856023669242859,
0.09980357438325882,
-0.12421763688325882,
-0.19906339049339294,
0.06704902648925781,
-0.18717540800571442,
0.2708740234375,
0.35105201601982117,
-0.1348322033882141,
-0.4413396716117859,
0.7454279065132141,
-0.32278719544410706,
0.3391557037830353,
0.19876931607723236,
-0.26401588320732117,
0.2606922388076782,
0.21524325013160706,
-0.08979589492082596,
0.05512220039963722,
-0.08828306198120117,
-0.3106578588485718,
-0.10949637740850449,
0.346435546875,
-0.16115500032901764,
0.04451560974121094,
-0.3326416015625,
0.5557528138160706,
-0.4708141088485718,
-0.2323552966117859,
0.05808604881167412,
-0.053153298795223236,
-0.16521592438220978,
0.35107421875,
0.1973932385444641,
0.46468839049339294,
-0.11784224212169647,
0.5516912341117859,
0.11714866012334824,
0.06574595719575882,
0.012726176530122757,
-0.11177479475736618,
0.39540794491767883,
0.23764871060848236,
-0.12130112946033478,
0.3256058990955353,
0.2828924059867859,
0.1263171136379242,
0.3307994604110718,
0.4815562963485718,
0.33795166015625,
-0.1839349865913391,
0.115509033203125,
0.11649946868419647,
-0.11648836731910706,
-0.11732136458158493,
0.18959183990955353,
0.0659307986497879,
0.30502596497535706,
0.02892841026186943,
0.15044541656970978,
0.3494429290294647,
0.04928034171462059,
0.3956409692764282,
-0.40822532773017883,
0.23420299589633942,
-0.07533957809209824,
0.501708984375,
-0.1408483386039734,
0.3121448755264282,
-0.1210125982761383,
-0.1337835192680359,
-0.05477766692638397,
0.16730117797851562,
0.2927135229110718,
-0.3740234375,
0.06279408186674118,
-0.0815838873386383,
-0.07282742857933044,
-0.3100031018257141,
0.1984308362007141,
0.011087590828537941,
0.2774547338485718,
-0.2194768786430359,
-0.17539839446544647,
0.2611527740955353,
0.11066228896379471,
-0.3448930084705353,
-0.0321807861328125,
-0.33981046080589294,
-0.08907370269298553,
-0.1846368908882141,
0.29434481263160706,
-0.05802813544869423,
0.27068188786506653,
0.23408646881580353,
-0.3695387542247772,
-0.8168501257896423,
0.7590110301971436,
0.3516956567764282,
-0.2626842260360718,
-0.01692754589021206,
-0.20401936769485474,
0.42751243710517883,
0.6292613744735718,
-0.09705526381731033,
0.49129971861839294,
0.4582963287830353,
0.2795299291610718,
0.2103216052055359,
0.16838489472866058,
0.6416015625,
0.2689625024795532,
0.5000665783882141,
0.103912353515625,
-0.14359630644321442,
0.2633167505264282,
-0.2949274182319641,
-0.08491932600736618,
-0.3222101330757141,
-0.27459439635276794,
0.3005260229110718,
-0.044980134814977646,
0.18903698027133942,
0.0423101931810379,
0.17176403105258942,
0.03268571197986603,
0.17843350768089294,
-0.017266012728214264,
0.5914417505264282,
0.01296719629317522,
0.46597567200660706,
0.06099146232008934,
-0.09003102034330368,
0.30624112486839294,
-0.061478354036808014,
0.06831221282482147,
-0.0705743283033371,
0.7841796875,
0.3985706567764282,
0.39208984375,
0.11660385131835938,
0.42578125,
0.31509676575660706,
-0.2528187036514282,
0.2456609606742859,
0.6304154992103577,
-0.22100552916526794,
-0.24186567962169647,
0.015641992911696434,
0.40940162539482117,
-0.07662582397460938,
0.19510997831821442,
0.09658536314964294,
-0.370361328125,
-0.04075665771961212,
0.2692607641220093,
-0.329345703125,
0.3414195775985718,
0.18730579316616058,
0.23532937467098236,
-0.019433455541729927,
0.64404296875,
-0.12141834944486618,
0.6015180945396423,
0.008776231668889523,
-0.38467684388160706,
-0.07006558775901794,
-0.005401611328125,
-0.013326471671462059,
0.4388538599014282,
-0.3322254419326782,
0.3296675384044647,
0.12628866732120514,
-0.5124178528785706,
0.36886319518089294,
-0.23102083802223206,
0.18473677337169647,
0.19691051542758942,
-0.4088689684867859,
-0.5882235169410706,
0.15959028899669647,
0.2675670385360718,
-0.363037109375,
0.26480379700660706,
0.07395657896995544,
-0.07531244307756424,
-0.3376021087169647,
-0.47605201601982117,
-0.06385386735200882,
0.45834073424339294,
0.07471049576997757,
-0.24961160123348236,
0.08461761474609375,
0.05806107819080353,
-0.10380415618419647,
0.5188654065132141,
-0.0102996826171875,
-0.18896484375,
-0.013506108894944191,
-0.2299749255180359,
-0.4255814850330353,
0.10787270218133926,
-0.38431063294410706,
0.30752840638160706,
-0.46695223450660706,
0.17134787142276764,
0.2733709216117859,
0.22012606263160706,
0.1911565661430359,
0.3098033666610718,
-0.19288219511508942,
0.2859552502632141,
0.380859375,
0.3717151880264282,
0.03911694511771202,
-0.19145618379116058,
0.3002763092517853,
0.007913068868219852,
-0.017793135717511177,
0.012574628926813602,
0.3192582428455353,
0.4908558130264282,
0.15434403717517853,
-0.1898553967475891,
0.07760689407587051,
-0.2393798828125,
0.03973354026675224,
-0.004600177984684706,
-0.07744251936674118,
-0.20633211731910706,
0.15918177366256714,
-0.3370916247367859,
0.2736983001232147,
0.04809223487973213,
-0.2079523205757141,
0.15665505826473236,
0.38485440611839294,
0.04817061126232147,
0.38765648007392883,
0.2963700592517853,
0.10580860823392868,
0.07034055143594742,
-0.14256702363491058,
0.16068892180919647,
0.5540216565132141,
-0.09068714827299118,
0.08649305999279022,
0.07628700882196426,
-0.10006558150053024,
-0.06105457618832588,
0.3233198821544647,
-0.3679865002632141,
0.012712305411696434,
0.2808727025985718,
-0.33447265625,
-0.060360994189977646,
0.7777432799339294,
0.4248490631580353,
-0.038587745279073715,
-0.39501953125,
0.025191394612193108,
-0.03349442780017853,
0.09248490631580353,
0.13325639069080353,
-0.12831531465053558,
-0.017718922346830368,
-0.04179035499691963,
0.45694246888160706,
0.5908203125,
0.19888582825660706,
-0.15673966705799103,
-0.21875277161598206,
0.2621570825576782,
0.12026006728410721,
-0.40969017148017883,
0.26510342955589294,
-0.15541769564151764,
0.6416237354278564,
-0.16941140592098236,
0.55615234375,
0.2466375231742859,
0.20887340605258942,
-0.4226517975330353,
-0.12256968766450882,
-0.14855609834194183,
-0.03584064170718193,
0.32022371888160706,
-0.07713127136230469,
-0.0053395358845591545,
-0.2132013440132141,
0.1799982190132141,
0.4462446868419647,
0.2562366724014282,
0.4566539525985718,
-0.13523449003696442,
0.3425182104110718,
0.3119673430919647,
0.153564453125,
0.029785025864839554,
-0.30910423398017883,
-0.10143904387950897,
0.19618918001651764,
-0.3324418365955353,
-0.012193333357572556,
-0.35495826601982117,
0.6526988744735718,
0.22776101529598236,
0.59423828125,
-0.08730940520763397,
-0.2930908203125,
0.10733725875616074,
-0.37158203125,
-0.01749420166015625,
0.1608026623725891,
0.30454322695732117,
-0.20583273470401764,
0.03649763762950897,
0.23133434355258942,
0.09089522063732147,
0.03837793692946434,
0.3798162341117859,
-0.19499899446964264,
-0.2479248046875,
0.6670809388160706,
0.27620628476142883,
0.3033336400985718,
-0.3169722259044647,
-0.09228238463401794,
0.002365805907174945,
0.034670744091272354,
0.3610118627548218,
-0.003623268799856305,
-0.09542569518089294,
0.007756693754345179,
0.3311101794242859,
0.09939020127058029,
-0.13253332674503326,
0.398193359375,
0.2735151946544647,
0.4387650787830353,
0.10541326552629471,
0.3253062963485718,
0.3184925317764282,
-0.005396062508225441,
0.2511430084705353,
0.09428267180919647,
0.004962921142578125,
0.37161532044410706,
-0.02415674366056919,
0.3150191009044647,
0.31613990664482117,
-0.5051047801971436,
-0.1031646728515625,
0.4254261255264282,
0.2771773040294647,
0.5806108117103577,
0.07395796477794647,
-0.05701099708676338,
0.6344549059867859,
0.22855447232723236,
-0.14166259765625,
0.30956199765205383,
-0.14277233183383942,
-0.00535444775596261,
0.375244140625,
-0.0967174842953682,
-0.4684392809867859,
0.2976185083389282,
-0.01052579004317522,
0.22151461243629456,
-0.34261807799339294,
-0.3714488744735718,
-0.13832230865955353,
0.010162353515625,
0.18088045716285706,
0.15440784394741058,
-0.26839932799339294,
0.44375887513160706,
0.21066007018089294,
0.3594193756580353,
0.117706298828125,
4.138139247894287,
0.297119140625,
0.2702525854110718,
-0.0014260031748563051,
-0.23664994537830353,
0.12478914856910706,
0.0019191395258530974,
-0.3020463287830353,
0.29855069518089294,
0.1735076904296875,
-0.19724898040294647,
0.06302816420793533,
0.12770496308803558,
-0.006724964361637831,
-0.026564858853816986,
0.308837890625,
0.3632368743419647,
0.4468217194080353,
0.041445646435022354,
0.13612227141857147,
-0.4202325940132141,
0.4410955309867859,
0.3470348119735718,
0.12345054000616074,
0.22885408997535706,
0.15003274381160736,
0.35567960143089294,
0.18644021451473236,
0.12802748382091522,
0.5727095007896423,
0.448974609375,
0.34231844544410706,
-0.24421276152133942,
-0.13771750032901764,
-0.46329012513160706,
0.07962313294410706,
0.5638760924339294,
-0.0857800543308258,
0.25649192929267883,
0.14085249602794647,
-0.2675670385360718,
0.36240455508232117,
0.16678133606910706,
0.3805708587169647,
0.3080499768257141,
-0.07281771302223206,
0.06058051437139511,
0.5180442333221436,
0.03917659446597099,
0.3245183825492859,
0.307373046875,
0.05556696280837059,
0.20949484407901764,
-0.3683638274669647,
0.44992896914482117,
0.4889470934867859,
0.22915926575660706,
0.4974254369735718,
-0.16911731660366058,
0.0077577936463057995,
-0.2599653899669647,
0.138671875,
0.2103216052055359,
-0.4120427966117859,
-0.4569036364555359,
0.3527388274669647,
0.06817453354597092,
0.07116422057151794,
0.2896617650985718,
-0.3103193938732147,
-0.10537373274564743,
0.45676490664482117,
-0.2499334216117859,
-0.295166015625,
-0.1736505627632141,
-0.08165671676397324,
-0.04091852530837059,
-0.1137646734714508,
0.22121915221214294,
-0.25635042786598206,
0.18038801848888397,
-0.11444091796875,
-0.4564985930919647,
0.5427911877632141,
0.10586962103843689,
0.3976607024669647,
0.24684835970401764,
-0.34897682070732117,
0.3655894994735718,
0.24586071074008942,
-0.12486683577299118,
0.2745472192764282,
0.34847745299339294,
0.050925515592098236,
0.3099254369735718,
-0.11917391419410706,
-0.15668973326683044,
-4.021661758422852,
0.1583917737007141,
-0.09524952620267868,
-0.05858057364821434,
-0.006999622564762831,
0.3999689221382141,
-0.005949193611741066,
0.4932084381580353,
-0.3907359838485718,
0.12361561506986618,
-0.3163396716117859,
-0.017091231420636177,
-0.2835027575492859,
0.03185566887259483,
0.08337125182151794,
0.21875,
0.04307972267270088,
0.33419522643089294,
0.0016184720443561673,
-0.08932217955589294,
0.155670166015625,
0.27999600768089294,
-0.025010542944073677,
-0.1620538830757141,
-0.4154829680919647,
0.16360750794410706,
-0.07407587021589279,
-0.20475630462169647,
0.6108842492103577,
-0.07367914170026779,
0.04340691864490509,
-0.2634832262992859,
0.5447221398353577,
-0.060577392578125,
0.13721050322055817,
0.5829412341117859,
0.20764923095703125,
0.2733709216117859,
0.17863325774669647,
0.23855867981910706,
0.1395513415336609,
-0.23577880859375,
0.19679953157901764,
0.16082763671875,
-0.014849229715764523,
0.11666731536388397,
-0.32029029726982117,
-0.05037480965256691,
-0.4087024927139282,
-0.2411859631538391,
0.3764093518257141,
0.29263582825660706,
0.21296830475330353,
-0.16701993346214294,
0.5259676575660706,
-0.09121730178594589,
0.007655750494450331,
-0.2525745630264282,
0.14349365234375,
0.083251953125,
-0.41097745299339294,
0.012498334981501102,
0.2642933130264282,
-0.15832380950450897,
0.20085977017879486,
-0.2736927270889282,
0.4666858911514282,
-0.07487349212169647,
0.3983931243419647,
-0.595458984375,
-0.02696436084806919,
0.199066162109375,
0.05505184829235077,
0.032567109912633896,
0.09682707488536835,
-0.029743367806077003,
-0.2552046477794647,
-0.03464404121041298,
0.2770552337169647,
-0.1801813244819641,
0.17975963652133942,
0.10084395110607147,
-0.2533680200576782,
-0.2245427966117859,
2.297940254211426,
0.26626864075660706,
2.1696555614471436,
0.5401278138160706,
0.31754234433174133,
0.2508378326892853,
0.17535053193569183,
-0.04154413565993309,
0.14337435364723206,
0.1290886551141739,
0.11230745911598206,
0.059909820556640625,
0.20987215638160706,
0.2025201916694641,
-0.3935103118419647,
0.17386697232723236,
0.38247957825660706,
-0.8256614208221436,
0.09022729843854904,
0.4451349377632141,
0.09155967086553574,
0.17036576569080353,
-0.301513671875,
0.5955921411514282,
0.1787291020154953,
0.07358343154191971,
0.1574152112007141,
0.07684187591075897,
0.13580955564975739,
-0.192901611328125,
0.0375647097826004,
0.4067937731742859,
0.4435369372367859,
0.5160245299339294,
0.1932317614555359,
0.23133988678455353,
-0.04433995857834816,
4.7155537605285645,
-0.06932206451892853,
-0.11435768753290176,
-0.24478426575660706,
0.3704944849014282,
0.3999578356742859,
0.0687713623046875,
-0.13665771484375,
0.24400745332241058,
-0.03468461334705353,
0.32894620299339294,
-0.01065340917557478,
-0.18594637513160706,
-0.11729569733142853,
-0.049858786165714264,
0.24776944518089294,
-0.08043532073497772,
0.31557396054267883,
-0.13215914368629456,
-0.09895186126232147,
0.18311379849910736,
-0.16411243379116058,
0.1508997082710266,
-0.24107776582241058,
-0.02382555790245533,
0.4696599841117859,
-0.02918425388634205,
-0.11452830582857132,
-0.0037006030324846506,
0.3726862072944641,
0.17620572447776794,
5.508167743682861,
0.43246182799339294,
0.09065663069486618,
0.09863004088401794,
-0.08987773209810257,
0.17619739472866058,
-0.2527299225330353,
-0.5435901880264282,
-0.23926891386508942,
-0.2112482190132141,
-0.2115228772163391,
-0.20263810455799103,
-0.06822898238897324,
0.26047828793525696,
0.053023770451545715,
0.0026486136484891176,
-0.38161399960517883,
0.23392000794410706,
0.16663473844528198,
0.3560680150985718,
0.021197231486439705,
0.15718494355678558,
0.22316671907901764,
-0.00060272216796875,
-0.017601706087589264,
-0.061037931591272354,
-0.15250466763973236,
0.46883878111839294,
0.0716049000620842,
0.41976651549339294,
0.20002330839633942,
0.02580469287931919,
0.19369472563266754,
0.09366399794816971,
-0.14644275605678558,
0.056752290576696396,
0.3301336169242859,
0.17965975403785706,
0.4139848053455353,
-0.12385142594575882,
0.2658247649669647,
0.4525257349014282,
-0.059563376009464264,
0.3222711682319641,
0.3117009997367859,
-0.07962452620267868,
-0.048495206981897354,
-0.0075064897537231445,
-0.275634765625,
-0.031516335904598236,
0.3489587903022766,
0.22048117220401764,
1.0481178760528564,
0.14703369140625,
0.23168668150901794,
0.45376864075660706,
-0.2537730932235718,
-0.4311079680919647,
0.3632368743419647,
0.15327315032482147,
0.5468528270721436,
0.14546065032482147,
0.008242780342698097,
0.2936345934867859,
0.5891557335853577,
0.08419904112815857,
0.45314720273017883,
-0.010903791524469852,
0.6760475635528564,
-0.09294266998767853,
-0.2793745696544647,
-0.2520003020763397,
-0.12753573060035706,
0.25205299258232117,
-0.10529673844575882,
0.6084428429603577,
-0.16699495911598206,
-0.21231356263160706,
0.37790748476982117,
0.27133455872535706,
0.01230621337890625,
0.09608875960111618,
-0.5123180150985718,
-0.18046431243419647,
-0.08234059065580368,
0.032501913607120514,
-0.20615282654762268,
0.08648404479026794,
0.3416858911514282,
0.2107488512992859,
0.066741943359375,
0.12136285752058029,
-0.20089444518089294,
0.4423106908798218,
-0.0323638916015625,
0.05428522452712059,
0.40707120299339294,
0.4513383209705353,
-0.3104802966117859,
0.4158158600330353,
0.24638782441616058,
0.1675054430961609,
0.5015758275985718,
-0.045806799083948135,
0.06193230301141739,
0.11568104475736618,
0.4147838354110718,
-0.106048583984375,
-0.08380682021379471,
0.05407298728823662,
0.41714754700660706,
0.1344549059867859,
-0.193939208984375,
0.050476767122745514,
0.058197021484375
] |
50 | Who started human rights? | [
{
"docid": "3164358#4",
"text": "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was implemented on 10 December 1948 by the United Nations. Therefore, we have officially witnessed 68 years of the United Nations approaching human rights issues on a global scale. The declaration was created after the end of World War II and was the first worldwide acknowledgement of the rights each individual human being is entitled to. When the UDHR was first created the United Nations was only made up of 51 member states, but after the surge of decolonisation’s, beginning in the late 1940s, the UN is now made up of 193 nations. Since 1948, many Eastern Asian countries who were formally colonised have since achieved independence and have joined the UN, therefore acknowledging the UDHR and other major human rights treaties. There is currently no human rights body governing the Eastern Asian region, however the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) issued the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration in 2012.",
"title": "Human rights in East Asia"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "36677367#9",
"text": "In a December 2012 article, Dorra Megdiche Meziou took a cynical view of the Human Rights Day event. While acknowledging “the historic achievements of the incumbent President of the Republic, Moncef Marzouki, as a human rights activist,” noting that he had been on “the steering committee of the Arab Organization for Human Rights,” belonged to “the Tunisian branch of Amnesty International,” served as “president of the Arab Committee for Human Rights,” and “co-founded the National Council for Liberties in Tunisia,” and while further acknowledging that Mustapha Ben Jaafar, too, had helped advance human rights as “a main figure in the Tunisian opposition,” Meziou complained that “serious violations and infringements of human rights” remain in today's Tunisia, and called on “these former activists of human rights who are now in power to get to work and translate their words into actions.”",
"title": "Human rights in Tunisia"
},
{
"docid": "35473263#13",
"text": "An Appeal for Human Rights, published by Atlanta students in 1960, is cited as a key moment in beginning the wave of nonviolent direct actions that swept the American South. In 1967, less than a year before he was assassinated, Martin Luther King, Jr. began to argue that the concept of \"civil rights\" was laden with isolating, individualistic capitalist values. He said: \"It is necessary for us to realize that we have moved from the era of civil rights to the era of human rights. When you deal with human rights you are not dealing with something clearly defined in the Constitution. They are rights that are clearly defined by the mandates of a humanitarian concern.\" For King, who began to organize the multi-racial Poor People's Campaign at the end of his life, human rights required economic justice in addition to de jure equality.",
"title": "Human rights movement"
},
{
"docid": "25497710#11",
"text": "Speak Truth To Power is the global human rights initiative founded by Kerry Kennedy and Nan Richardson, bringing people face-to-face with courageous human rights heroes. This multifaceted project presents inspiring stories of 51 women and men from over 40 countries who have stood up to oppression at great personal risk in the non-violent pursuit of human rights including demilitarization, children of war, environmental activism, and religious self-determination.",
"title": "Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights"
},
{
"docid": "28310786#2",
"text": "The Centre for Human Rights was established in 1986 by a group of teachers and local leaders who wanted to use education as a tool to combat violations of human rights. At this time the apartheid system was at its peak and this was one of the ways that the people could “fight” intellectually against things getting worst. Their main concerts were increased education of violations of human rights towards: women, people with HIV, indigenous, sexual minorities, and other Marginalized peoples . Their purpose or core value was to get closer to human rights through education in South Africa and later expanded to Africa. \nMembers are not necessarily selected, but rather have gone through one of the undergraduate, master’s or doctorate’s degrees. People in the communities that are working for common causes are brought in, there doesn’t appear to be a reason to not accept new people unless they are against human right advocacy or have a history of doing so. The members have an impressive background; many have taken part in liberation movements outside of South Africa, been part of constitution drafting and become international leaders and advocates. \nThe Centre for Human Rights is fairly new and so is still gaining experience and knowledge of the proper way to get policies and government set up as well as international support. When most people think of non-governmental institutions, the Red Cross would come to mind. It seems like a monumental institution that was built out of hard times, during the apartheid and helped to end it and draft a constitution and come out to be a rather extraordinary group of people that have been a great asset to Africa. In 2006, the Centre for Human Rights received the UNESCO prize for Human Rights specifically for their democratisation in Africa and the Africa Human Rights Moot Court, which is a huge honour and shows that the international relations community is aware of them.",
"title": "Centre for Human Rights"
},
{
"docid": "23814321#13",
"text": "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Drafting Committee was chaired by former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who was known for her human rights advocacy. Similarly, for the United States government and its citizens, much remained uncertain about the future impact, force, and reach of international human rights. Eventually the United States had not yet developed a policy approach regarding whether or not it would recognize international human rights within a domestic context. Certainly there were already some domestic political attempts, as for example President Truman's Committee on Civil rights, which authored a report in 1947 initializing the possibility to apply the UN charter in order to combat racial discrimination in the US. Now that the United States had successfully adopted the UDHR, obviously it seemed like human rights would play a leading part in domestic law within the US. Still there was harsh controversy over the question whether to apply international law on the inner-land-basis. Though William H. Fitzpatrick won the Pulitzer Price for editorial writing in 1951; in his editorials he had repeatedly warned against international human rights overthrowing the supreme law of the land. Indeed, Fitzpatrick's concerns and motivations – as well as those of his readers – stood for the longstanding, bitter social and political struggles that divided much of the United States at the time, keeping in mind that in the 1940s and 1950s racial divisions, political exclusion, and gender inequalities were basic facts of American social life.",
"title": "Human rights in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "46496262#3",
"text": "The \"Human Rights Act\" was passed by Tynwald in 2001 and came fully into force on 1 November 2006. This Act is similar in many respects to the UK Human Rights Act. The Act incorporates the fundamental rights and freedoms set out in the ECHR into its domestic law. \nPreviously, an Isle of Man resident who believed that their rights had been violated had to go to the Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France to have their case heard. This process could be long and expensive and so the Government decided that the public should be able to guarantee their rights on the Isle of Man.",
"title": "Human rights in the Isle of Man"
},
{
"docid": "6746601#4",
"text": "Human Rights Defenders was started by DPI in 2011 to help people with disabilities in developing countries. They want to improve the legal, social, and economical issues that affect people with disabilities. As of 2013, Human Rights Defenders established two Women's Global Networks that promote rights of women with disabilities. They also set up a youth organization to promote rights for youths with disabilities. The Project was closed in 2013.",
"title": "Disabled Peoples' International"
},
{
"docid": "22089347#9",
"text": "One fault line at the conference was Western nations who proclaimed a universal meaning to human rights versus nations who said that human rights needed to be interpreted differently in non-Western cultures and that attempts to impose a universal definition amounted to interference in their internal affairs. The latter group was led by China, Syria and Iran, and also included a number of Asian nations such as Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. On the opening day of the conference, U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher spoke out strongly against this notion, saying \"We cannot let cultural relativism become the last refuge of repression.\"",
"title": "World Conference on Human Rights"
},
{
"docid": "34255387#2",
"text": "The enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases according to the EC classification and is dependent on FAD as cofactor, thus it was classified as an external flavoprotein monooxygenase (designated as type E). It forms a two-component system with a reductase (StyB, StyA2B). The reductase utilizes solely NADH to reduce the FAD, which is then transferred to the styrene monooxygenase (StyA, StyA1). Two types of that enzyme are described so far: StyA/StyB (designated E1), first described from \"Pseudomonas\" species, and StyA1/StyA2B (designated E2), first described from Actinobacteria. The E1-type is more abundant in nature and comprises a single monooxygenase (StyA) supported by a single reductase (StyB), whereas the E2-type has a major monooxygenase (StyA1) which is supported by fusion protein of a monooxygenase and reductase (StyA2B). The latter one is the source of reduced FAD for the monooxygenase subunits and has some side activity as a monooxygenase. So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.",
"title": "Styrene monooxygenase"
}
] | [
0.3654087483882904,
0.2996128499507904,
-0.1089303120970726,
0.1338021457195282,
-0.1583295613527298,
0.1226000115275383,
0.2271990031003952,
-0.2889055609703064,
0.3628627359867096,
0.4961286187171936,
-0.1419001966714859,
-0.4529157280921936,
0.17166301608085632,
0.05623626708984375,
-0.207183837890625,
-0.2728271484375,
0.5369001030921936,
-0.16316768527030945,
0.1741856187582016,
0.2601580023765564,
-0.11170142143964767,
0.2846505343914032,
0.1927315890789032,
0.1496690958738327,
-0.020535605028271675,
-0.3358154296875,
-0.3838588297367096,
0.6352887749671936,
0.3977399468421936,
0.1444353312253952,
0.3459123969078064,
0.093414306640625,
0.1542837917804718,
0.1704493910074234,
-0.5221819281578064,
0.1657976359128952,
0.1174577996134758,
0.2317112535238266,
-0.4821079671382904,
0.01943424716591835,
0.1391557902097702,
0.2164655476808548,
0.1761648952960968,
-0.02594757080078125,
0.0285186767578125,
-0.0745849609375,
0.5213448405265808,
-0.1018872931599617,
-0.2940673828125,
0.2748282253742218,
-0.4458356499671936,
0.2303553968667984,
-0.0651768296957016,
-0.0461752749979496,
-0.627197265625,
0.5363072156906128,
0.1657322496175766,
0.3105294406414032,
0.4402553141117096,
-0.5635811686515808,
0.4223109781742096,
-0.0187672208994627,
-0.3951939046382904,
0.04077257588505745,
0.0174102783203125,
0.2515346109867096,
-0.03436824306845665,
0.3159702718257904,
0.23431396484375,
0.3318743109703064,
0.2623465359210968,
-0.1252397745847702,
0.4978376030921936,
0.0058920723386108875,
-0.1718728244304657,
-0.439208984375,
0.0712694451212883,
0.2717459499835968,
0.2963169515132904,
0.191375732421875,
0.3018973171710968,
0.1461007297039032,
-0.3373500406742096,
0.2779715359210968,
-0.03216879814863205,
0.2726353108882904,
-0.2018955796957016,
0.0483681820333004,
0.2704642117023468,
0.4734933078289032,
-0.0636029914021492,
0.1399601548910141,
-0.06038665771484375,
-0.1473824679851532,
0.4345703125,
-0.0159639623016119,
0.2913469672203064,
-0.4322335422039032,
-0.1633213609457016,
-0.2218584269285202,
-0.13474273681640625,
-0.1320451945066452,
-0.2919747531414032,
0.4109584391117096,
0.2366507351398468,
-0.4348842203617096,
-0.2864292562007904,
0.005046844482421875,
0.2792184054851532,
0.321044921875,
0.341064453125,
-0.4176199734210968,
-0.2487269788980484,
-0.050313133746385574,
-0.0791865736246109,
-0.1041739359498024,
0.2194083034992218,
-0.2728794515132904,
0.0248227808624506,
-0.7845982313156128,
0.1495622843503952,
0.0939243882894516,
-0.2450517863035202,
0.2996564507484436,
-0.3281598687171936,
-0.2965262234210968,
0.4714704155921936,
0.0249764584004879,
0.5010462999343872,
0.3495396077632904,
-0.07140295952558517,
0.2409144788980484,
0.02736772783100605,
0.7718331217765808,
0.3604387640953064,
0.3463832437992096,
0.0942164808511734,
-0.2177560031414032,
-0.1473584920167923,
-0.3879045844078064,
-0.0878819078207016,
0.4351283609867096,
-0.3163364827632904,
0.8025251030921936,
-0.05020686611533165,
0.0405861996114254,
0.0864519402384758,
0.3377859890460968,
0.1089651957154274,
0.513916015625,
0.2121233195066452,
0.06316648423671722,
-0.1556396484375,
0.3783831000328064,
-0.1838204562664032,
0.2035086452960968,
0.2218017578125,
0.1015712171792984,
0.011066981591284275,
0.03682790324091911,
0.81591796875,
0.3143833577632904,
0.2977992594242096,
0.2073189914226532,
-0.2495705783367157,
-0.2341657429933548,
-0.01335089560598135,
0.5332728624343872,
0.5232630968093872,
-0.4381975531578064,
-0.2163957804441452,
0.3738490641117096,
0.6115373969078064,
-0.2287510484457016,
0.21795654296875,
0.0066599166020751,
-0.0759320929646492,
-0.04229191318154335,
0.009092126972973347,
-0.1752493679523468,
0.201904296875,
-0.1360647976398468,
0.1626197248697281,
0.1153390035033226,
0.4021344780921936,
0.2404087632894516,
0.2096296101808548,
-0.30029296875,
-0.4313616156578064,
0.0762939453125,
-0.054595947265625,
0.0544695183634758,
0.5283551812171936,
-0.1688276082277298,
-0.0410069040954113,
-0.1930890828371048,
0.3663678765296936,
0.10552651435136795,
0.2494027316570282,
0.5288434624671936,
-0.0678667351603508,
-0.1487775593996048,
-0.2383335679769516,
0.0829358771443367,
0.2400425523519516,
-0.4053083062171936,
-0.3689662516117096,
0.010320390574634075,
-0.1701485812664032,
-0.1439601331949234,
0.1304495632648468,
0.0900333970785141,
0.1015276238322258,
0.2582659125328064,
-0.0513959601521492,
0.1123809814453125,
0.1894422322511673,
0.06773049384355545,
0.4341343343257904,
0.019873755052685738,
-0.3766741156578064,
0.3435232937335968,
-0.171417236328125,
-0.09076935797929764,
-0.030987808480858803,
-0.1723981648683548,
-0.4053780734539032,
-0.3250558078289032,
0.17353221774101257,
0.06506674736738205,
0.3997977077960968,
0.5588030219078064,
0.0599016472697258,
-0.3583286702632904,
0.049430303275585175,
0.22996248304843903,
0.5260533094406128,
-0.1246861070394516,
-0.2128557413816452,
0.1039254292845726,
0.3983328640460968,
-0.01520429365336895,
-0.2471923828125,
0.395751953125,
0.3877650797367096,
-0.0225960873067379,
0.5057547688484192,
0.0703909769654274,
-0.5008719563484192,
-0.3656877875328064,
0.3315778374671936,
0.0612117238342762,
0.4800153374671936,
0.4359305202960968,
-0.4211077094078064,
0.0345001220703125,
0.2616664469242096,
0.1787806898355484,
-0.3491298258304596,
0.1481846421957016,
-0.06255722045898438,
0.5443638563156128,
0.2034737765789032,
0.4429059624671936,
-0.5592913031578064,
-0.2645263671875,
0.3201381266117096,
0.370361328125,
0.0890611931681633,
0.4817592203617096,
0.3046526312828064,
-0.10942132025957108,
-0.011540004052221775,
-0.1385672390460968,
-0.3111746609210968,
0.02764892578125,
0.5968889594078064,
0.2260916531085968,
-0.4479631781578064,
0.09169777482748032,
0.1115984246134758,
-0.1552145779132843,
-0.041682105511426926,
0.2809186577796936,
-0.0939069464802742,
0.2808489203453064,
-0.2051130086183548,
-0.0025438580196350813,
-0.3741280734539032,
-0.014342137612402439,
0.2416294664144516,
0.4334891140460968,
-0.2999093234539032,
-0.5270647406578064,
-0.1752886027097702,
0.2252110093832016,
-0.0002899169921875,
-0.0818437859416008,
0.2745884358882904,
-0.1375165730714798,
0.1540025919675827,
-0.5313546061515808,
-0.02111632563173771,
0.2364937961101532,
-0.083770751953125,
-0.2404261976480484,
-0.1919991672039032,
-0.0037950787227600813,
0.011964117176830769,
0.623779296875,
0.1915806382894516,
-0.5556989312171936,
-0.0797075554728508,
0.6826869249343872,
0.3981584906578064,
0.8087332844734192,
0.13892146944999695,
0.05914306640625,
0.2499302476644516,
-0.005705696996301413,
-0.1940569132566452,
0.0577130988240242,
-0.3106340765953064,
0.1781877726316452,
-0.0485643669962883,
-0.3721798360347748,
-0.2392403781414032,
-0.1022208109498024,
0.3242885172367096,
0.2805524468421936,
0.3615199625492096,
0.1296255886554718,
-0.0408652164041996,
-0.0026196071412414312,
-0.1471523493528366,
0.2696010172367096,
0.2769775390625,
0.3622698187828064,
-0.2891322672367096,
-0.2911899983882904,
-0.0963701531291008,
-0.06170654296875,
-0.080291748046875,
0.1940743625164032,
0.11841855943202972,
0.0023749214597046375,
0.4801897406578064,
0.2559116780757904,
0.4016461968421936,
0.1525094211101532,
0.3175048828125,
0.03072357177734375,
0.0956987664103508,
-0.2530343234539032,
0.0464608334004879,
0.5179268717765808,
0.4396623969078064,
0.1556309312582016,
0.1193956658244133,
-0.2921665608882904,
0.1570696085691452,
0.08671188354492188,
0.1780308336019516,
0.0877205953001976,
0.3752790093421936,
0.6130022406578064,
-0.1043221578001976,
-0.3116106390953064,
0.1655927449464798,
-0.2301810085773468,
0.0610940121114254,
-0.16060617566108704,
0.26385498046875,
-0.02391597256064415,
-0.4349888265132904,
-0.1422642320394516,
-0.17791748046875,
0.39306640625,
0.5569545030593872,
0.3619733452796936,
0.087615966796875,
0.6077706217765808,
0.2166660875082016,
-0.04425089806318283,
-0.3408203125,
0.2207380086183548,
0.0686732679605484,
0.1796613484621048,
0.0271639134734869,
0.3651297390460968,
0.1782248318195343,
-0.14049530029296875,
-0.17311392724514008,
0.07221876084804535,
0.02382333017885685,
-0.11505126953125,
-0.2867954671382904,
0.2754603922367096,
-0.078094482421875,
-0.057828087359666824,
0.0297698974609375,
0.5334821343421936,
0.26068115234375,
0.1655055433511734,
4.178013324737549,
0.1474325954914093,
0.1650434285402298,
-0.1534859836101532,
0.2503139078617096,
-0.3202252984046936,
0.6123744249343872,
-0.2961948812007904,
0.1902727335691452,
-0.0215116236358881,
0.0218069888651371,
0.027712685987353325,
-0.2778668999671936,
-0.04831007495522499,
0.0164031982421875,
0.4335588812828064,
0.4968610405921936,
0.17184774577617645,
0.24462890625,
0.5,
-0.2461809366941452,
0.3222830593585968,
0.1185128316283226,
0.3477608859539032,
0.4307338297367096,
-0.013442720286548138,
0.3083278238773346,
-0.0420270636677742,
0.3861781656742096,
0.4102608859539032,
0.3297293484210968,
0.2269810289144516,
0.1117728129029274,
-0.0992714986205101,
-0.6114676594734192,
0.1543491929769516,
0.2929338812828064,
0.4522530734539032,
0.3093959391117096,
0.1349269300699234,
-0.3800920844078064,
-0.06899261474609375,
-0.3213239312171936,
0.57373046875,
0.15177154541015625,
-0.2357352077960968,
0.0006888934294693172,
0.5071149468421936,
-0.06031346321105957,
0.2117919921875,
0.5224609375,
-0.2949741780757904,
-0.0739506334066391,
-0.1317225843667984,
0.1233346089720726,
0.65673828125,
0.3230852484703064,
0.3509347140789032,
0.1345302015542984,
0.009093011729419231,
-0.0839015394449234,
0.038306646049022675,
0.1575143039226532,
-0.04182543233036995,
-0.3147844672203064,
0.08797673135995865,
-0.01754106767475605,
0.10159419476985931,
-0.0376695916056633,
0.0596923828125,
-0.0799691304564476,
0.3692103922367096,
0.01607840321958065,
-0.2546561062335968,
0.4866769015789032,
-0.0710819810628891,
-0.3409249484539032,
-0.1507917195558548,
-0.1661333292722702,
-0.0459463931620121,
-0.0959123894572258,
0.034454345703125,
0.1692592054605484,
0.06455449014902115,
0.00002452305307087954,
0.514404296875,
-0.0371791310608387,
0.0882241353392601,
0.4825613796710968,
0.11128180474042892,
0.3020368218421936,
-0.10113416612148285,
0.0033983502071350813,
0.0621708445250988,
0.077911376953125,
0.1706368625164032,
-0.012278965674340725,
-4.017857074737549,
0.4630998969078064,
0.529541015625,
-0.3433314859867096,
0.1218218132853508,
0.056826796382665634,
-0.2657645046710968,
0.29400634765625,
-0.0866350457072258,
-0.2776750922203064,
-0.3062918484210968,
0.035064697265625,
-0.13701356947422028,
0.5260533094406128,
0.105743408203125,
0.3511788547039032,
0.6607840657234192,
0.3187604546546936,
0.22665078938007355,
-0.05594635009765625,
0.0433436818420887,
0.2702549397945404,
0.4145159125328064,
-0.1099984273314476,
0.1379677951335907,
0.0805751234292984,
0.4532296359539032,
-0.1458827406167984,
0.1458958238363266,
0.01565987803041935,
-0.2473493367433548,
-0.051422119140625,
0.5170549750328064,
-0.0879865363240242,
0.1576712429523468,
0.13656017184257507,
0.00028228759765625,
0.2506452202796936,
0.2697230875492096,
0.6530413031578064,
-0.23126220703125,
-0.0931570902466774,
0.3209926187992096,
0.00015224728849716485,
0.1697474867105484,
0.09084320068359375,
-0.2416643351316452,
0.1617780476808548,
-0.2659563422203064,
0.12100328505039215,
0.256805419921875,
0.1264561265707016,
-0.4687848687171936,
0.3464529812335968,
0.1925746351480484,
0.1920340359210968,
-0.09601593017578125,
0.0001874651206890121,
0.4059012234210968,
0.3174525797367096,
0.0677141472697258,
-0.1425454318523407,
0.2876848578453064,
0.2238508015871048,
0.529296875,
0.076751708984375,
0.07453755289316177,
0.537841796875,
0.7034040093421936,
-0.2014596164226532,
0.1821201890707016,
0.4067034125328064,
0.2838134765625,
0.10833740234375,
0.1572614461183548,
0.4434988796710968,
-0.0621861033141613,
-0.1165030375123024,
0.6019112467765808,
0.4320417046546936,
-0.4251883327960968,
-0.12615966796875,
-0.5232630968093872,
0.1294664591550827,
2.53125,
0.2873012125492096,
2.1070034503936768,
0.4915945827960968,
0.06288201361894608,
0.5715680718421936,
0.2097080796957016,
0.2046465128660202,
0.2306082546710968,
-0.1074785515666008,
0.2706473171710968,
0.1296037882566452,
-0.1370849609375,
-0.235595703125,
-0.0917314812541008,
-0.032177310436964035,
0.2990548312664032,
-0.7942243218421936,
0.1180768683552742,
-0.5743233561515808,
0.5205426812171936,
-0.08431298285722733,
-0.038784436881542206,
0.2808837890625,
-0.1087864488363266,
-0.2818603515625,
-0.0653730109333992,
-0.2673862874507904,
0.2278878390789032,
-0.1204659566283226,
-0.4689243733882904,
-0.3089773952960968,
0.4155971109867096,
-0.09881591796875,
0.2256338894367218,
0.3135114312171936,
-0.0406886525452137,
4.69140625,
0.03785010799765587,
-0.3032575249671936,
0.086334228515625,
0.2376272976398468,
-0.1159776970744133,
0.3887416422367096,
0.0886579230427742,
-0.1392996609210968,
0.2239467054605484,
0.3681640625,
0.2230704128742218,
-0.043727193027734756,
-0.0611833855509758,
0.2901088297367096,
-0.1646684855222702,
0.0821925550699234,
0.0724945068359375,
0.3653390109539032,
0.1106676384806633,
-0.004066330846399069,
0.27447509765625,
0.3829694390296936,
-0.2720772922039032,
-0.0883527472615242,
-0.0621207095682621,
0.6040736436843872,
-0.1469072550535202,
-0.02674429677426815,
0.1087559312582016,
0.4374651312828064,
5.518973350524902,
0.2782854437828064,
0.04266902431845665,
0.1743382066488266,
0.1672276109457016,
0.3777029812335968,
-0.2060808390378952,
0.0931919664144516,
-0.0979221910238266,
-0.0369938425719738,
0.02642844431102276,
0.0613141730427742,
-0.1377607136964798,
0.1342032253742218,
0.4543108344078064,
0.2099347859621048,
-0.2998744547367096,
-0.2027936726808548,
0.034016747027635574,
-0.042672839015722275,
0.5130091905593872,
0.2915736734867096,
0.1225150004029274,
-0.5115094780921936,
-0.16180419921875,
-0.0675332173705101,
-0.4275948703289032,
0.35107421875,
-0.2848598062992096,
0.04716818779706955,
0.4371860921382904,
0.3702741265296936,
-0.2488839328289032,
0.1810215562582016,
0.2108415812253952,
0.0320107601583004,
0.0884486585855484,
-0.125213623046875,
-0.07265853881835938,
-0.2644914984703064,
0.4000767171382904,
0.2862025797367096,
-0.2889752984046936,
-0.0936257466673851,
-0.0410112664103508,
0.06303215026855469,
-0.0446123406291008,
0.05921608954668045,
0.1371198445558548,
-0.01488385908305645,
0.4203752875328064,
-0.0524509958922863,
0.9656110405921936,
0.0490461066365242,
0.2542724609375,
0.2280099093914032,
0.3489467203617096,
0.0887233167886734,
-0.4027971625328064,
-0.3032575249671936,
0.5989466905593872,
0.1983119398355484,
-0.1259351521730423,
0.4977329671382904,
0.2803257405757904,
0.00030953544774092734,
0.4731793999671936,
-0.1332310289144516,
0.3562709391117096,
-0.2922188937664032,
-0.05369240790605545,
0.5000348687171936,
-0.21746826171875,
-0.11604417860507965,
0.09088134765625,
0.375,
0.3256487250328064,
-0.1813855916261673,
0.10266276448965073,
0.5073590874671936,
0.03901863098144531,
-0.1852678507566452,
-0.1355329304933548,
0.0732945054769516,
0.17300088703632355,
0.0092173982411623,
0.2445242702960968,
-0.1258806437253952,
-0.2311684787273407,
-0.1483503133058548,
0.2210519015789032,
-0.2994210422039032,
-0.0026076179929077625,
0.658447265625,
0.333984375,
0.0489240363240242,
0.1979021281003952,
0.3283342719078064,
-0.0599278025329113,
0.2573765218257904,
-0.2057887464761734,
0.1973528116941452,
0.34588623046875,
-0.0973292738199234,
-0.006977626122534275,
-0.0791800394654274,
0.2002301961183548,
-0.18115234375,
0.0259246826171875,
0.2192033976316452,
0.4040178656578064,
0.4550083577632904,
0.2375662624835968,
-0.0217252466827631,
-0.2959856390953064
] |
51 | When was the first Spanish Grand Prix? | [
{
"docid": "526356#1",
"text": "The first Spanish Grand Prix in 1913 was not actually run to the Grand Prix formula of the day, but to touring car rules, taking place on a 300-kilometre road circuit at Guadarrama, near Madrid, on the road to Valladolid.",
"title": "Spanish Grand Prix"
},
{
"docid": "1122637#1",
"text": "It was the 21st Spanish Grand Prix since the race was first held in 1913. It was the fourth, and last, Grand Prix to be held on the Montjuïc street circuit. The race was shortened to 29 of its scheduled 75 laps, a race distance of 109 kilometres. The race was won by German driver Jochen Mass driving a McLaren M23. It would be the only Formula One win of his career. Mass had just a second lead over the Lotus 72E of Belgian driver Jacky Ickx when the race was declared. Argentine racer Carlos Reutemann was declared third in his Brabham BT44B, a lap behind the race leaders after a penalty was given to Jean-Pierre Jarier. This was the final win by a German driver until Michael Schumacher won the 1992 Belgian Grand Prix.",
"title": "1975 Spanish Grand Prix"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "526356#3",
"text": "After this first race, the track fell into financial difficulties, and the organisers had to look for another venue. In 1926, the Spanish Grand Prix moved to the 11-mile Circuito Lasarte on the northern coast near Bilbao, home of the main race in Spain during the 1920s—the San Sebastián Grand Prix. The 1927 Spanish Grand Prix was part of the AIACR World Manufacturers' Championship, but the race was still not established and in 1928 and 1929 was run to sports car regulations. The 1930 Spanish Grand Prix for sports cars, scheduled for 27 July, was cancelled due to the bad economic situation following the Wall Street crash in October 1929. The 1931 and 1932 Spanish Grands Prix were also announced, only to be cancelled due to political and economic difficulties. Finally, in 1933 the Spanish Grand Prix was revived at Lasarte with government backing. Following the 1935 race, Spain descended into civil war and racing stopped. In 1946, racing returned to Spain in the form of the Penya Rhin Grand Prix at the Pedralbes street circuit in Barcelona.",
"title": "Spanish Grand Prix"
},
{
"docid": "27990701#0",
"text": "The 1962 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was a FIM event held on 6 May 1962 at Montjuïc circuit. It was the first round of the 1962 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season and the 100th World Championship Grand Prix held since the championship began in 1949.",
"title": "1962 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix"
},
{
"docid": "36851678#0",
"text": "The 1978 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the second round of the 1978 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 14–16 April 1978 at the Circuito Permanente del Jarama.",
"title": "1978 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix"
},
{
"docid": "1122400#1",
"text": "This is one of only two Grands Prix where the winner finished two laps ahead of the runner-up, the other occasion being the 1995 Australian Grand Prix. This was the last race of the high wing era in Formula One. Both works Lotus cars suffered massive accidents when their suspension-mounted wing supports failed. Despite the narrow confines of the Montjuïc circuit, drivers Jochen Rindt and Graham Hill both survived. Chris Amon inherited the lead after Rindt's crash. Establishing a thirty-second lead, the New Zealander seemed to be on his way to his first Grand Prix victory until his engine seized on lap 56. The lead was then gifted to Jackie Stewart, who then went on to win by a margin of two laps; one of his most dominant performances, on a circuit that would become synonymous with the danger and lack of professionalism he detested.",
"title": "1969 Spanish Grand Prix"
},
{
"docid": "58822773#0",
"text": "The 1979 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1979 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 18–20 May 1979 at the Circuito Permanente del Jarama.",
"title": "1979 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix"
},
{
"docid": "1122657#0",
"text": "The 1976 Spanish Grand Prix (formally the XXII Gran Premio de España) was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuito del Jarama in Madrid, Spain on 2 May 1976. The race was the fourth round of the 1976 Formula One season. The race was the 22nd Spanish Grand Prix and the sixth to be held at Jarama. The race was held over 75 laps of the 3.404-kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 255 kilometres.",
"title": "1976 Spanish Grand Prix"
},
{
"docid": "526356#4",
"text": "Spain did not return to the international calendar until 1951, joining the list of races of the Formula One championship at Pedralbes. Argentine Juan Manuel Fangio won his first world championship at the 1951 event in an Alfa Romeo while he took advantage of the improved works Ferrari's tire problems. The race was scheduled for the 1952 and 1953 seasons but did not take place due to a lack of money, and in 1954, Briton Mike Hawthorn stopped Mercedes's dominance by winning in a Ferrari. In 1955, the Spanish Grand Prix at Pedralbes was scheduled to take place, but a terrible accident at the 24 Hours of Le Mans that killed more than 80 people resulted in regulations governing spectator safety, and the scheduled Spanish Grand Prix (like many others) was cancelled that year and for the subsequent 2 years (also owing to more problems with money to hold the race), and the pedestrian-lined street track at Pedralbes was then never used again for motor racing.",
"title": "Spanish Grand Prix"
},
{
"docid": "55422737#0",
"text": "The 2018 Spanish Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Gran Premio de España Emirates 2018) is a Formula One motor race that was held on 13 May 2018 at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain. The race was the fifth round of the 2018 Formula One World Championship and marked the forty-eighth running of the Spanish Grand Prix as a World Championship event since the inaugural season in , and the twenty-eighth time that a World Championship round had been held at the Barcelona-Catalunya circuit.",
"title": "2018 Spanish Grand Prix"
}
] | [
0.10541534423828125,
-0.09534301608800888,
-0.2640014588832855,
0.172505185008049,
0.10210571438074112,
0.00782928429543972,
0.27659910917282104,
-0.3081420958042145,
0.31837159395217896,
0.12317504733800888,
-0.01731262169778347,
-0.236053466796875,
-0.24747924506664276,
-0.04358787462115288,
-0.047762680798769,
0.16779938340187073,
0.5345703363418579,
-0.09346618503332138,
0.14963379502296448,
0.3426757752895355,
0.18093261122703552,
0.4421630799770355,
0.116455078125,
0.18846435844898224,
-0.24689941108226776,
0.18800048530101776,
-0.4114746153354645,
0.22377929091453552,
-0.07605285942554474,
0.24170532822608948,
0.3818603456020355,
-0.376220703125,
0.30042725801467896,
0.7009521722793579,
-0.3356567323207855,
0.31953126192092896,
-0.22388915717601776,
-0.13776855170726776,
-0.01187744177877903,
0.1083831787109375,
-0.07512207329273224,
0.12072257697582245,
0.12130584567785263,
0.12435607612133026,
0.587597668170929,
0.06711731106042862,
0.23096923530101776,
0.0027404786087572575,
-0.17565612494945526,
0.06488494575023651,
-0.09101180732250214,
-0.25750732421875,
-0.30913084745407104,
0.26398926973342896,
-0.3790740966796875,
0.45915526151657104,
-0.3859497010707855,
0.795654296875,
-0.34721678495407104,
0.016484832391142845,
-0.19492188096046448,
0.2892700135707855,
-0.00792694091796875,
-0.15236206352710724,
0.166004940867424,
0.3597412109375,
-0.1555633544921875,
0.12101440131664276,
-0.28656005859375,
0.26636964082717896,
0.05378265306353569,
0.516406238079071,
0.3673461973667145,
0.0478425994515419,
0.05420837551355362,
-0.31452637910842896,
-0.19996413588523865,
0.513623058795929,
0.2056884765625,
-0.28584593534469604,
0.1463794708251953,
-0.44182127714157104,
-0.07987060397863388,
-0.07516352087259293,
-0.1167144775390625,
0.577929675579071,
-0.3269287049770355,
0.26728516817092896,
0.501904308795929,
0.515087902545929,
0.4423828125,
-0.09884186089038849,
0.18334349989891052,
-0.08186950534582138,
0.617504894733429,
0.09260711818933487,
0.35321044921875,
-0.38043212890625,
0.08261565864086151,
-0.2736450135707855,
-0.25825196504592896,
-0.3363037109375,
-0.1718795746564865,
0.3009399473667145,
0.20362548530101776,
-0.3187255859375,
-0.625732421875,
0.16723327338695526,
0.22565917670726776,
0.15745238959789276,
0.07494201511144638,
0.007678413297981024,
0.09148406982421875,
-0.11291656643152237,
0.06395874172449112,
0.22163085639476776,
0.367605596780777,
-0.17870482802391052,
-0.40789794921875,
-0.677539050579071,
0.4272216856479645,
-0.0007851362461224198,
-0.27534180879592896,
-0.0290679931640625,
-0.11479111015796661,
0.034442901611328125,
0.5976806879043579,
-0.06340942531824112,
0.578784167766571,
0.3853393495082855,
-0.125457763671875,
0.31666868925094604,
0.23527832329273224,
0.3486572206020355,
0.255340576171875,
-0.05656738206744194,
0.13665466010570526,
-0.04577178880572319,
-0.17053833603858948,
-0.05388488620519638,
-0.13728943467140198,
-0.1864059418439865,
0.3218017518520355,
0.7376464605331421,
0.09875182807445526,
0.22037354111671448,
0.5380614995956421,
0.22908934950828552,
-0.06827010959386826,
-0.07951430976390839,
0.03583526611328125,
0.18579712510108948,
0.08316421508789062,
0.34588623046875,
0.12267875671386719,
0.16112366318702698,
0.3028198182582855,
-0.048365019261837006,
-0.2756713926792145,
0.1131591796875,
0.649853527545929,
0.32420653104782104,
0.235015869140625,
0.16355285048484802,
0.31841832399368286,
0.07247314602136612,
-0.006190299987792969,
0.702197253704071,
0.5313720703125,
-0.10979919135570526,
0.05409545823931694,
0.1049346923828125,
0.3927978575229645,
-0.035550691187381744,
-0.13368968665599823,
0.5811523199081421,
-0.4427856504917145,
0.29693603515625,
0.1295723021030426,
-0.09039916843175888,
0.23161621391773224,
0.26971435546875,
0.741259753704071,
0.14058952033519745,
0.6041504144668579,
0.24610595405101776,
-0.22753600776195526,
-0.35179442167282104,
-0.13742980360984802,
0.03583068773150444,
0.2888549864292145,
0.17791596055030823,
0.4828857481479645,
-0.24946899712085724,
0.173095703125,
-0.39747923612594604,
-0.3280029296875,
-0.12376709282398224,
0.23959961533546448,
0.16489943861961365,
-0.0024444579612463713,
-0.012916183099150658,
-0.6282714605331421,
0.28245848417282104,
0.17631836235523224,
-0.30069273710250854,
-0.13220825791358948,
0.01736755296587944,
-0.11868438869714737,
-0.268789678812027,
-0.217376708984375,
0.14165039360523224,
0.15062256157398224,
0.08534622192382812,
-0.04517822340130806,
0.594775378704071,
-0.25220948457717896,
0.10768051445484161,
0.3620864748954773,
0.12650756537914276,
-0.3312133848667145,
0.16246947646141052,
-0.18198242783546448,
-0.1823074370622635,
0.15672913193702698,
-0.5338134765625,
-0.053046513348817825,
-0.50927734375,
0.16651611030101776,
0.4045654237270355,
0.1725311279296875,
-0.232574462890625,
0.22359618544578552,
0.250955194234848,
0.3572021424770355,
0.09238262474536896,
0.47832030057907104,
-0.3995117247104645,
0.013608169741928577,
-0.2656661868095398,
0.625927746295929,
0.30239564180374146,
-0.30092161893844604,
0.22591857612133026,
0.43195801973342896,
-0.049521446228027344,
0.4396118223667145,
0.033201027661561966,
-0.45698243379592896,
-0.43852537870407104,
0.18224792182445526,
-0.21956482529640198,
-0.2620605528354645,
0.23646239936351776,
-0.22020263969898224,
-0.10935058444738388,
0.25441282987594604,
-0.13245849311351776,
-0.3309082090854645,
0.10491943359375,
0.673876941204071,
0.32141417264938354,
0.43364256620407104,
0.53955078125,
-0.25950926542282104,
0.08068237453699112,
-0.07662925869226456,
0.536328136920929,
-0.05023193359375,
0.24764403700828552,
0.42626953125,
-0.15115967392921448,
-0.087743379175663,
0.10064697265625,
0.16017456352710724,
-0.12005309760570526,
0.06809864193201065,
0.12496338039636612,
-0.174388125538826,
0.011688232421875,
-0.046634674072265625,
-0.17748108506202698,
-0.2842163145542145,
-0.0588836669921875,
0.35004884004592896,
0.20083007216453552,
0.02554779127240181,
-0.2846130430698395,
-0.2297264039516449,
0.13004016876220703,
0.293701171875,
0.49406737089157104,
0.15212401747703552,
-0.4687744081020355,
0.14119872450828552,
0.02671508863568306,
0.16150817275047302,
-0.13013306260108948,
0.29304200410842896,
-0.2622314393520355,
0.3561157286167145,
-0.2834838926792145,
-0.07967223972082138,
0.2776657044887543,
-0.15784302353858948,
-0.22191162407398224,
0.13243408501148224,
0.34808349609375,
0.304534912109375,
0.10365600883960724,
0.870361328125,
-0.33756715059280396,
0.030286788940429688,
0.522143542766571,
0.593945324420929,
0.7340332269668579,
0.3258300721645355,
0.08639373630285263,
0.3562988340854645,
0.217529296875,
-0.10568084567785263,
-0.21381226181983948,
-0.3327880799770355,
-0.302490234375,
0.11517639458179474,
-0.43328857421875,
0.11752929538488388,
-0.1264801025390625,
0.5177246332168579,
-0.334970086812973,
0.780896008014679,
0.215545654296875,
-0.3159545958042145,
-0.530200183391571,
0.049835205078125,
0.021216582506895065,
-0.12239380180835724,
0.473480224609375,
-0.2827697694301605,
-0.1579025238752365,
-0.14272460341453552,
-0.02043456956744194,
0.18460693955421448,
0.16225585341453552,
0.081512451171875,
-0.21207885444164276,
0.23016968369483948,
-0.0219268798828125,
0.4300903379917145,
-0.10114745795726776,
0.4183608591556549,
0.29045408964157104,
-0.3523498475551605,
0.17120361328125,
-0.029449462890625,
0.16274413466453552,
0.17546233534812927,
0.3423095643520355,
0.44194334745407104,
-0.10912857204675674,
0.23876953125,
0.513427734375,
0.36442869901657104,
0.060999296605587006,
0.602221667766571,
0.31846922636032104,
-0.171600341796875,
-0.15052489936351776,
-0.05781860277056694,
0.14175644516944885,
0.4004150331020355,
-0.13309478759765625,
0.06345977634191513,
-0.022537995129823685,
-0.07421378791332245,
0.04054870456457138,
0.21947021782398224,
0.4116455018520355,
0.4716796875,
0.24267196655273438,
0.507519543170929,
0.3633789122104645,
0.47209471464157104,
-0.18057861924171448,
-0.3883056640625,
-0.622607409954071,
-0.021807098761200905,
-0.1442825347185135,
-0.09586887061595917,
-0.13170775771141052,
0.4929443299770355,
0.0972900390625,
0.3913330137729645,
-0.3497558534145355,
-0.03717956691980362,
-0.25653076171875,
0.08981475979089737,
0.4208984375,
0.25212401151657104,
-0.19944152235984802,
-0.13949279487133026,
0.652587890625,
0.35234373807907104,
0.4278320372104645,
4.168359279632568,
0.27197265625,
0.09913177788257599,
0.07551498711109161,
-0.3931884765625,
0.034427642822265625,
0.4866943359375,
-0.24366454780101776,
0.207427978515625,
-0.04359893873333931,
0.305908203125,
0.030481338500976562,
0.0063629150390625,
-0.03826446458697319,
-0.3949340879917145,
0.04028739780187607,
0.26289063692092896,
0.04519996792078018,
-0.0019119263160973787,
0.22003173828125,
-0.21636962890625,
0.4986816346645355,
0.3493408262729645,
0.0588226318359375,
0.5240234136581421,
-0.34467774629592896,
0.37999266386032104,
-0.05494384840130806,
0.07727660983800888,
0.3930908143520355,
0.32579344511032104,
-0.30439454317092896,
0.021261120215058327,
0.38990479707717896,
-0.6568847894668579,
0.18326416611671448,
0.26160889863967896,
0.5058838129043579,
-0.008440732955932617,
-0.13197383284568787,
-0.06900329887866974,
-0.15183715522289276,
0.3492294251918793,
0.3672851622104645,
0.5159667730331421,
-0.33394163846969604,
-0.22268065810203552,
0.651074230670929,
-0.04306945949792862,
-0.4880127012729645,
0.48124998807907104,
-0.4141845703125,
-0.24283142387866974,
-0.4389892518520355,
0.36851805448532104,
0.29647523164749146,
0.07798919826745987,
0.28460693359375,
0.07629089057445526,
0.24796143174171448,
0.3743225038051605,
-0.14329223334789276,
0.38081055879592896,
-0.14775390923023224,
-0.15978392958641052,
0.3392578065395355,
0.24292603135108948,
0.02910003624856472,
0.04879913479089737,
0.1056060791015625,
0.17685699462890625,
0.34660643339157104,
0.549487292766571,
-0.15384522080421448,
-0.06104736402630806,
0.10000381618738174,
-0.13509102165699005,
0.10706786811351776,
0.16898421943187714,
-0.10388259589672089,
0.01198730431497097,
-0.21239013969898224,
-0.020310020074248314,
0.2108113318681717,
0.026865864172577858,
0.4759521484375,
0.011433410458266735,
0.08818969875574112,
0.2688842713832855,
0.0034530640114098787,
0.4571289122104645,
-0.009218597784638405,
0.43468016386032104,
0.1297958344221115,
0.49104005098342896,
0.2935241758823395,
-0.1233619675040245,
-4.054883003234863,
0.10566558688879013,
-0.13672485947608948,
-0.21929931640625,
0.06237487867474556,
0.040612030774354935,
0.04705200344324112,
0.32561033964157104,
-0.06524658203125,
0.01058807410299778,
-0.12073974311351776,
0.02753753587603569,
-0.16551809012889862,
0.4708007872104645,
0.573437511920929,
0.034265898168087006,
0.01670227013528347,
0.18153686821460724,
0.4289917051792145,
-0.08219299465417862,
-0.09635619819164276,
0.43962401151657104,
0.6747070550918579,
0.054787445813417435,
0.10612259060144424,
0.04987793043255806,
0.2286781370639801,
-0.2632202208042145,
0.10149230808019638,
0.11209869384765625,
-0.06348013877868652,
-0.3752197325229645,
0.21843262016773224,
-0.27215576171875,
0.36528319120407104,
0.10516357421875,
0.08281250298023224,
-0.04498748853802681,
0.5385986566543579,
0.19672545790672302,
-0.08106078952550888,
-0.24506835639476776,
0.17140808701515198,
0.2894043028354645,
0.060839079320430756,
0.0371856689453125,
-0.2933593690395355,
0.07816924899816513,
-0.526904284954071,
-0.0016265868907794356,
-0.05543212965130806,
0.2574462890625,
-0.30389404296875,
0.33302003145217896,
0.42939454317092896,
-0.12118645012378693,
0.18420715630054474,
0.28474122285842896,
0.3930908143520355,
-0.06559600681066513,
-0.0589447021484375,
-0.17069701850414276,
0.19520263373851776,
0.22614440321922302,
-0.005340576171875,
0.19830627739429474,
-0.16889648139476776,
0.16993407905101776,
0.08506469428539276,
-0.5534637570381165,
0.21787109971046448,
0.2758346498012543,
0.16627807915210724,
-0.1755317747592926,
0.2888122498989105,
0.4456543028354645,
-0.3122314512729645,
0.06512451171875,
0.68310546875,
0.13064250349998474,
0.10804595798254013,
-0.01129226665943861,
-0.24409179389476776,
0.2854980528354645,
2.0960936546325684,
0.44611817598342896,
2.086718797683716,
0.03516693040728569,
-0.06977234035730362,
0.22070923447608948,
0.10373969376087189,
-0.15309295058250427,
-0.14654541015625,
0.37568360567092896,
-0.3766113221645355,
0.630297839641571,
0.03124237060546875,
0.03858032077550888,
0.09992866218090057,
0.12486572563648224,
0.30242919921875,
-0.7103515863418579,
0.4135986268520355,
-0.4251953065395355,
0.29588621854782104,
-0.18916015326976776,
0.10399651527404785,
0.22908492386341095,
0.5614989995956421,
-0.048505593091249466,
-0.29114991426467896,
0.1271316558122635,
0.2549377381801605,
-0.21877440810203552,
-0.015915298834443092,
-0.1369674652814865,
0.650146484375,
0.0781402587890625,
0.4394775331020355,
0.437255859375,
-0.03886260837316513,
4.691796779632568,
0.176177978515625,
-0.32587891817092896,
0.1956787109375,
-0.052312470972537994,
-0.09736041724681854,
0.08829498291015625,
-0.07125549018383026,
-0.08999939262866974,
-0.2656005918979645,
0.44108885526657104,
-0.15010376274585724,
-0.2630248963832855,
-0.25390625,
0.07549361884593964,
0.06264038383960724,
0.33538818359375,
0.14037474989891052,
0.36457520723342896,
0.3194824159145355,
0.21234130859375,
0.4458984434604645,
0.0032791136763989925,
-0.23616333305835724,
0.33154296875,
0.146270751953125,
0.20488891005516052,
-0.19783934950828552,
-0.025360107421875,
0.36143797636032104,
-0.12826843559741974,
5.4453125,
0.2627929747104645,
-0.15001221001148224,
-0.09015960991382599,
0.0600406639277935,
0.18971100449562073,
0.05129279941320419,
-0.03870983049273491,
-0.282662957906723,
-0.01973285712301731,
-0.16861724853515625,
-0.06623993068933487,
0.08935089409351349,
0.26191234588623047,
0.06590299308300018,
0.16823120415210724,
-0.31071776151657104,
0.02869720384478569,
0.3038574159145355,
0.007404136471450329,
0.747607409954071,
-0.2773803770542145,
0.2532104551792145,
-0.2612670958042145,
-0.2388153076171875,
0.13362732529640198,
-0.1498458832502365,
0.20613403618335724,
-0.20467528700828552,
-0.27473145723342896,
0.4357666075229645,
0.09055175632238388,
-0.0681610107421875,
0.2523437440395355,
-0.4812377989292145,
0.38958740234375,
0.1865699738264084,
0.09194640815258026,
0.23133888840675354,
0.18872681260108948,
0.13742980360984802,
1.007959008216858,
-0.4090332090854645,
0.08753661811351776,
-0.4290771484375,
0.010725021362304688,
-0.16740722954273224,
-0.3548950254917145,
-0.03690948337316513,
0.18737182021141052,
0.40632325410842896,
-0.07076835632324219,
0.841601550579071,
0.2117050141096115,
0.21622924506664276,
0.07666931301355362,
-0.27570801973342896,
0.29808348417282104,
0.11458053439855576,
0.04495048522949219,
0.37640380859375,
0.14408569037914276,
0.22255554795265198,
0.5107421875,
0.4208007752895355,
0.5140380859375,
0.005174827761948109,
-0.06319884955883026,
0.28741455078125,
-0.2742370665073395,
0.08581161499023438,
0.3533081114292145,
0.10067138820886612,
0.16567382216453552,
0.1599739044904709,
0.2570434510707855,
0.38720703125,
-0.513354480266571,
-0.5301758050918579,
0.04289951175451279,
-0.3412109315395355,
0.08838959038257599,
-0.569262683391571,
-0.0391082763671875,
0.01621093787252903,
0.13986797630786896,
-0.23972168564796448,
0.13512420654296875,
0.11202315986156464,
0.03201484680175781,
0.3807128965854645,
0.3766113221645355,
-0.24533692002296448,
0.833056628704071,
0.05232696607708931,
0.17412109673023224,
0.5296630859375,
-0.04216919094324112,
0.26967161893844604,
0.11624908447265625,
-0.07298507541418076,
0.08510895073413849,
-0.018357466906309128,
0.038921356201171875,
0.36882323026657104,
-0.20069579780101776,
-0.06866760551929474,
-0.247222900390625,
0.5088135004043579,
-0.1064552292227745,
0.31059569120407104,
0.739990234375,
-0.21258544921875,
-0.060898590832948685,
-0.25220948457717896
] |
52 | Who is the Mayor of San Francisco? | [
{
"docid": "56101986#0",
"text": "A special election was held for Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco on June 5, 2018. The winner of the election will serve until 2020, filling the unexpired term of Ed Lee, who was elected in 2011 and 2015, and died in office on December 12, 2017. Upon Lee's death, London Breed, President of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, became Acting Mayor of San Francisco, but a vote of six supervisors replaced Breed with Supervisor Mark Farrell. The mayoral election was held concurrently with the statewide direct primary election. In San Francisco, the election for the eighth district member of the Board of Supervisors was also on the ballot.",
"title": "2018 San Francisco mayoral special election"
},
{
"docid": "56101986#2",
"text": "Ed Lee, who was appointed Mayor of San Francisco in 2011 following Gavin Newsom's election as Lieutenant Governor of California, elected to a full term in 2011, and reelected in 2015, died of cardiac arrest on December 12, 2017. London Breed, the President of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, became the city's acting mayor.",
"title": "2018 San Francisco mayoral special election"
},
{
"docid": "53278020#1",
"text": "London Breed was elected Mayor of San Francisco in a 2018 special election to serve until 2020, filling the unexpired term of Ed Lee, who was elected in 2011 and 2015, and died in office on December 12, 2017. Breed confirmed that she intends to run for re-election to a first full term in office in 2019.",
"title": "2019 San Francisco mayoral election"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3381306#0",
"text": "The Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the San Francisco city and county government. The officeholder has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, the legislative branch. The Mayor serves a four-year term and is limited to two successive terms. Because of San Francisco's status as a consolidated city-county, the mayor also serves as the head of government of the county; both entities have been governed together by a combined set of governing bodies since 1856.",
"title": "Mayor of San Francisco"
},
{
"docid": "3381306#10",
"text": "To date, 44 individuals have served as San Francisco Mayor. There have been 45 mayoralties due to Charles James Brenham's serving two non-consecutive terms: he is counted chronologically as both the second and fourth mayor. The longest term was that of James Rolph, who served over 18 years until his resignation to become the California governor. The length of his tenure as mayor was largely due to his popularity. During his term, San Francisco saw the expansion of its transit system, the construction of the Civic Center and the hosting of the World's Fair. The shortest term was that of Charles Boxton, who served only eight days before resigning from office. Three mayors have died in office: Otis died from illness, Moscone was assassinated, and Lee suffered a cardiac arrest. Dianne Feinstein and London Breed are the only women, Willie Brown and London Breed are the only African Americans, and Ed Lee is the only Asian American to have been elected Mayor.",
"title": "Mayor of San Francisco"
},
{
"docid": "2754021#13",
"text": "The head of the SFPD is the chief of police. The most recent chief is Greg Suhr, who resigned on May 19, 2016, at the request of Mayor Ed Lee. Suhr was appointed despite a recent demotion sequelae to controversy involving official misconduct. He was chosen by Mayor Ed Lee to fill the post left by Chief George Gascon, who resigned on January 9, 2011, to accept an appointment as San Francisco District Attorney by Mayor Gavin Newsom. The San Francisco DA's position had become vacant after then-District Attorney Kamala Harris won her bid in November 2010 to become California's attorney general.",
"title": "San Francisco Police Department"
},
{
"docid": "31751771#0",
"text": "The 1983 mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of San Francisco. Incumbent Dianne Feinstein, who had previously been subjected to a failed recall election on April 26 (winning with an 83-percent-favorable vote), was re-elected to her second and final term as mayor. Feinstein, winning with 79.62%, defeated Cesar Ascarrunz, Gloria E. La Riva, Pat Wright, Brian Lantz, and Carrie Drake.",
"title": "1983 San Francisco mayoral election"
},
{
"docid": "3381306#3",
"text": "The mayor of San Francisco is elected every four years; elections take place one year before United States presidential elections on election day in November. Candidates must live and be registered to vote in San Francisco at the time of the election. The mayor is usually sworn in on the January 8 following the election. The next election for a full mayoral term will be in 2019.",
"title": "Mayor of San Francisco"
},
{
"docid": "31751818#0",
"text": "The 1979 mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of San Francisco. Incumbent mayor Dianne Feinstein, who had succeeded George Moscone after his assassination the prior year, was elected to her first full term as mayor of the City and County, the first woman to be elected to the position in the city's history. Feinstein, with (46.63%) was tied in the November 6 election with Quentin L. Kopp (44.72%), both of whom beat out musician Jello Biafra, Sylvia Weinstein, Cesar Ascarrunz, Steve L. Calitri, Tibor Uskert, Joe Hughes and Patricia Dolbeare.",
"title": "1979 San Francisco mayoral election"
},
{
"docid": "1518451#0",
"text": "George Christopher (December 8, 1907 – September 14, 2000) was a Greek-American politician, and the 34th Mayor of San Francisco, serving in that office from January 1956 until January 1964. He is to date the last Republican to be elected mayor of San Francisco; all San Francisco mayors since he left office have been Democrats.",
"title": "George Christopher"
}
] | [
0.23163452744483948,
0.27045899629592896,
-0.23587951064109802,
0.03390464931726456,
0.2519164979457855,
-0.05831851810216904,
0.08787498623132706,
-0.2592407166957855,
0.189442440867424,
0.18129882216453552,
-0.4007812440395355,
-0.1091739684343338,
-0.4785400331020355,
0.21400603652000427,
-0.20480957627296448,
0.06519623100757599,
0.5760742425918579,
-0.009419632144272327,
-0.006060791201889515,
0.029088592156767845,
0.06897125393152237,
0.4729980528354645,
-0.3012451231479645,
0.18280029296875,
-0.16109618544578552,
-0.0023559569381177425,
-0.42756348848342896,
0.26743775606155396,
0.1679328978061676,
0.468017578125,
0.249481201171875,
-0.005089759826660156,
0.28253173828125,
0.5350586175918579,
-0.5982666015625,
0.20751342177391052,
0.05648784711956978,
0.1885707825422287,
0.047254182398319244,
0.597119152545929,
0.021019745618104935,
0.30010986328125,
0.1245574951171875,
0.0052623748779296875,
0.4734130799770355,
0.19721679389476776,
0.08266601711511612,
-0.053801726549863815,
-0.21085815131664276,
0.15745849907398224,
-0.05493774265050888,
-0.035245515406131744,
-0.10746154934167862,
0.03279571607708931,
-0.521069347858429,
0.2571777403354645,
-0.18608398735523224,
0.2614895701408386,
0.11270294338464737,
0.11567382514476776,
0.3163208067417145,
-0.043032456189394,
-0.18483276665210724,
-0.016008377075195312,
-0.06323166191577911,
0.24379882216453552,
0.0075279236771166325,
0.19679412245750427,
0.41862791776657104,
0.2902587950229645,
0.30561524629592896,
0.3584960997104645,
0.5909668207168579,
-0.07112541049718857,
-0.18631696701049805,
-0.21926268935203552,
-0.08849982917308807,
-0.07037963718175888,
0.44133299589157104,
-0.32501220703125,
0.8755859136581421,
-0.42084962129592896,
-0.24616089463233948,
0.08315734565258026,
-0.10135040432214737,
0.6785644292831421,
0.17897339165210724,
0.07929496467113495,
0.3061767518520355,
0.5616699457168579,
-0.06934595108032227,
0.5429443120956421,
0.38140565156936646,
0.1259765625,
0.0994693785905838,
0.4119628965854645,
0.01017684955149889,
-0.16219481825828552,
0.00347480783239007,
-0.2505554258823395,
-0.24997559189796448,
-0.21044921875,
-0.026927947998046875,
0.600756824016571,
0.4642333984375,
-0.41096192598342896,
-0.3092407286167145,
0.5110839605331421,
0.21312256157398224,
0.203277587890625,
0.21291351318359375,
-0.027613067999482155,
-0.06389693915843964,
-0.08584518730640411,
-0.2721801698207855,
-0.14922484755516052,
0.0511474609375,
-0.4180908203125,
-0.16219481825828552,
-0.804248034954071,
0.11779975891113281,
0.06678085029125214,
-0.09409332275390625,
-0.27067261934280396,
-0.2764953672885895,
-0.02359924279153347,
0.4430908262729645,
0.041413020342588425,
0.7032226324081421,
0.3448242247104645,
0.15237732231616974,
0.07010497897863388,
0.4560790956020355,
0.5357421636581421,
0.3868041932582855,
0.26079100370407104,
0.14833983778953552,
-0.2807861268520355,
0.28770142793655396,
0.021148681640625,
0.15994873642921448,
-0.3083862364292145,
0.38334959745407104,
0.636792004108429,
0.06008453294634819,
0.08025894314050674,
0.19591674208641052,
0.227783203125,
-0.05774383619427681,
0.10241393744945526,
0.20599059760570526,
0.13716430962085724,
-0.22742919623851776,
0.474853515625,
0.1401313841342926,
0.4262451231479645,
0.4606689512729645,
0.041361235082149506,
0.2504638731479645,
0.04346313327550888,
0.6651366949081421,
0.28239744901657104,
-0.3190551698207855,
-0.15070343017578125,
0.6407715082168579,
0.1872406005859375,
0.012439536862075329,
0.3067993223667145,
0.4928955137729645,
0.0052467347122728825,
-0.076868437230587,
0.3601318299770355,
0.19747313857078552,
-0.02053222618997097,
0.19260254502296448,
0.07580108940601349,
-0.5462890863418579,
-0.011584472842514515,
0.23857422173023224,
0.3308471739292145,
0.21978148818016052,
0.18202820420265198,
0.577392578125,
-0.2570907473564148,
0.3378662168979645,
0.052715301513671875,
-0.20118407905101776,
-0.17501220107078552,
-0.166270449757576,
-0.025867272168397903,
-0.08371563255786896,
0.18966063857078552,
0.5964111089706421,
-0.08843231201171875,
0.23127441108226776,
-0.052683256566524506,
-0.00020141601271461695,
0.1304672211408615,
0.03605956956744194,
0.3048950135707855,
-0.04483947902917862,
0.1613616943359375,
-0.192474365234375,
0.17633056640625,
0.10776367038488388,
-0.26879939436912537,
-0.04701118543744087,
0.1275634765625,
-0.20313110947608948,
0.11536712944507599,
-0.05439453199505806,
0.0096588134765625,
0.04537048190832138,
0.4172119200229645,
-0.09877319633960724,
0.44328612089157104,
0.044254302978515625,
-0.22441406548023224,
0.564257800579071,
-0.02308959886431694,
-0.1220550537109375,
0.3834228515625,
-0.17186889052391052,
-0.09405212104320526,
-0.16409912705421448,
0.14971008896827698,
-0.21092529594898224,
-0.32371824979782104,
0.022362519055604935,
0.23935547471046448,
0.31840819120407104,
-0.004389571957290173,
-0.021463584154844284,
0.13319702446460724,
0.168487548828125,
0.40544432401657104,
0.19682617485523224,
-0.47358399629592896,
-0.35209959745407104,
0.022220611572265625,
0.30933839082717896,
-0.30146828293800354,
-0.39570313692092896,
0.6433349847793579,
0.30540770292282104,
0.14292411506175995,
0.24063491821289062,
-0.007869720458984375,
-0.14271602034568787,
-0.12814179062843323,
0.14945678412914276,
-0.14314575493335724,
-0.2942260801792145,
0.4415283203125,
0.24691161513328552,
-0.06887970119714737,
0.28551024198532104,
-0.09476013481616974,
-0.1363677978515625,
0.22918701171875,
0.147064208984375,
0.3213867247104645,
0.2050521820783615,
0.08465270698070526,
-0.46354979276657104,
0.18981322646141052,
-0.15347900986671448,
0.40534669160842896,
0.07313766330480576,
0.20881271362304688,
0.4630371034145355,
-0.25245362520217896,
0.07714538276195526,
-0.3436523377895355,
-0.3649658262729645,
-0.03611335903406143,
0.14837035536766052,
-0.22552490234375,
-0.5091797113418579,
-0.08394317328929901,
0.48310548067092896,
-0.2861389219760895,
-0.035480499267578125,
0.19122314453125,
-0.0073448182083666325,
-0.17091846466064453,
-0.06732253730297089,
0.24310302734375,
-0.09607543796300888,
-0.37885743379592896,
0.06958465278148651,
0.49125975370407104,
-0.09275360405445099,
-0.73095703125,
0.10583801567554474,
0.28211671113967896,
0.10216674953699112,
-0.012705231085419655,
0.04543457180261612,
-0.10145111382007599,
0.47358399629592896,
-0.666748046875,
-0.018413161858916283,
0.2632888853549957,
-0.194427490234375,
-0.5178467035293579,
-0.21350403130054474,
0.21860961616039276,
-0.04435243457555771,
-0.04101600497961044,
0.533496081829071,
-0.23713378608226776,
-0.06905727088451385,
0.3027710020542145,
0.25731199979782104,
0.3560546934604645,
0.2646850645542145,
-0.26323240995407104,
0.36430662870407104,
0.2908691465854645,
0.25656890869140625,
-0.01323852501809597,
-0.261962890625,
-0.25147706270217896,
0.06788787990808487,
-0.4267822206020355,
-0.05738220363855362,
-0.47856444120407104,
0.786669909954071,
0.24619826674461365,
0.42706298828125,
0.11491851508617401,
0.11814270168542862,
0.16718444228172302,
-0.16288451850414276,
0.3396850526332855,
0.010074615478515625,
-0.04471702501177788,
0.056302644312381744,
-0.4470458924770355,
-0.35589599609375,
0.07984008640050888,
-0.06792793422937393,
0.21649169921875,
-0.31041258573532104,
0.05844879150390625,
0.40302735567092896,
0.4304443299770355,
0.2646423280239105,
0.03718109056353569,
0.17743225395679474,
0.49064940214157104,
-0.15394183993339539,
0.3290161192417145,
-0.23616333305835724,
0.2663330137729645,
0.3083862364292145,
0.14803752303123474,
0.419189453125,
-0.228302001953125,
0.10776977241039276,
0.3154296875,
0.17563477158546448,
0.05882721021771431,
0.11729583889245987,
0.5926513671875,
-0.31621092557907104,
0.21053466200828552,
-0.11110534518957138,
-0.2998413145542145,
-0.16661682724952698,
0.31195068359375,
0.07174225151538849,
0.10394287109375,
-0.20477905869483948,
-0.21193847060203552,
-0.14181824028491974,
0.35483217239379883,
0.4521728456020355,
0.22886963188648224,
-0.03926870971918106,
0.506787121295929,
0.09195556491613388,
-0.3130859434604645,
-0.3938964903354645,
-0.13219909369945526,
0.22172240912914276,
0.08663177490234375,
0.23430022597312927,
-0.10739707946777344,
0.24071654677391052,
0.11100006103515625,
-0.4271484315395355,
0.0033721923828125,
-0.07110595703125,
0.11379699409008026,
-0.06493224948644638,
0.505480945110321,
0.22739258408546448,
-0.14269638061523438,
0.21263733506202698,
0.29987794160842896,
0.3570312559604645,
0.20644530653953552,
4.154882907867432,
0.28758543729782104,
0.19383545219898224,
0.17998047173023224,
-0.1330268830060959,
0.25242918729782104,
0.43901365995407104,
0.07552795112133026,
-0.14203491806983948,
-0.20762939751148224,
0.06642913818359375,
0.16102905571460724,
-0.13613852858543396,
0.04871101304888725,
0.11027069389820099,
0.3382934629917145,
0.09844970703125,
0.18183287978172302,
-0.17111511528491974,
0.4385742247104645,
-0.2931152284145355,
0.04915447160601616,
0.3125976622104645,
-0.02079162560403347,
-0.09028320014476776,
-0.21305541694164276,
0.17892608046531677,
0.17852172255516052,
0.583178699016571,
0.04298095777630806,
0.26433104276657104,
-0.24812011420726776,
0.20081177353858948,
0.3122924864292145,
-0.9354492425918579,
0.4987548887729645,
0.15416869521141052,
0.24742431938648224,
-0.22432860732078552,
-0.203948974609375,
-0.33494871854782104,
-0.27543944120407104,
0.29097288846969604,
0.47600096464157104,
0.263296514749527,
-0.3133789002895355,
-0.28565675020217896,
0.06694086641073227,
-0.3527587950229645,
0.21505126357078552,
0.31330567598342896,
-0.25532227754592896,
0.04657745361328125,
-0.0790468230843544,
0.562744140625,
0.3876709043979645,
0.2697204649448395,
0.44550782442092896,
-0.27559661865234375,
-0.018729019910097122,
0.047119140625,
-0.142506405711174,
0.01516036968678236,
0.3348144590854645,
-0.17213745415210724,
-0.29594725370407104,
0.14387817680835724,
-0.08241347968578339,
-0.024080276489257812,
-0.07426147162914276,
0.35577392578125,
0.3604736328125,
0.38426512479782104,
-0.08813323825597763,
0.21535643935203552,
0.170307919383049,
-0.23967894911766052,
-0.04465179517865181,
0.06707458198070526,
0.05489349365234375,
0.17164306342601776,
-0.35637205839157104,
-0.014969253912568092,
0.34064942598342896,
0.04546699672937393,
0.32158201932907104,
-0.028474902734160423,
-0.48137205839157104,
0.3874267637729645,
-0.17852783203125,
0.344482421875,
0.12507323920726776,
0.07215499877929688,
0.14427947998046875,
-0.016202736645936966,
0.04776153713464737,
0.36986082792282104,
-4.012304782867432,
0.16192626953125,
0.5673828125,
0.22984619438648224,
0.153564453125,
0.07318115234375,
-0.07889709621667862,
0.0065933228470385075,
-0.47832030057907104,
0.4565185606479645,
-0.196075439453125,
-0.08550186455249786,
-0.0559539794921875,
0.593823254108429,
0.12150879204273224,
0.16572876274585724,
-0.09355773776769638,
0.09512939304113388,
0.36784666776657104,
-0.26323240995407104,
0.0030227662064135075,
0.2162628173828125,
0.12877807021141052,
0.1495521515607834,
0.219207763671875,
0.06979026645421982,
-0.1027957946062088,
-0.0011535644298419356,
0.2693721652030945,
0.027420807629823685,
-0.08959350734949112,
-0.08219146728515625,
0.571337878704071,
-0.2373046875,
0.22440490126609802,
0.6299804449081421,
0.35426026582717896,
-0.05155525356531143,
0.41291505098342896,
-0.07440338283777237,
0.1163177490234375,
0.29759520292282104,
0.5923827886581421,
0.33526611328125,
0.13037872314453125,
0.22698363661766052,
-0.38066405057907104,
-0.06881751865148544,
-0.08171691745519638,
-0.15298089385032654,
0.18706664443016052,
0.3173584043979645,
-0.28496092557907104,
0.3357177674770355,
0.6406005620956421,
-0.5130615234375,
0.2811950743198395,
-0.09324340522289276,
0.6485351324081421,
0.08961639553308487,
0.16060104966163635,
-0.14244994521141052,
0.07422180473804474,
0.16293640434741974,
0.071990966796875,
-0.14569702744483948,
0.024089431390166283,
0.16118335723876953,
0.5185791254043579,
-0.37181931734085083,
0.03212280198931694,
0.21435546875,
0.4488281309604645,
-0.165008544921875,
-0.10850219428539276,
0.3301025331020355,
-0.08136902004480362,
-0.12660522758960724,
0.79296875,
0.503649890422821,
-0.14937134087085724,
-0.05696067959070206,
-0.3267822265625,
0.48713380098342896,
2.109375,
0.5927489995956421,
2.1993165016174316,
0.772167980670929,
-0.10588379204273224,
0.4439453184604645,
-0.569628894329071,
0.07226409763097763,
0.1480964720249176,
-0.23664550483226776,
0.731396496295929,
0.4488281309604645,
0.056262969970703125,
0.1346694976091385,
0.29729002714157104,
0.09612426906824112,
0.38728028535842896,
-0.8514159917831421,
0.3356567323207855,
-0.6156250238418579,
0.33790284395217896,
0.05077056959271431,
-0.07741852104663849,
0.37346190214157104,
0.16489867866039276,
0.09486236423254013,
0.15837860107421875,
0.09432677924633026,
0.02898244932293892,
-0.10533447563648224,
0.13659438490867615,
-0.17611846327781677,
0.1903076171875,
0.01593627966940403,
0.36616212129592896,
-0.1297760009765625,
-0.03058776818215847,
4.739843845367432,
0.22255249321460724,
-0.01839294470846653,
-0.3589111268520355,
0.25701904296875,
0.12413787841796875,
0.35400390625,
0.35285645723342896,
0.0029777525924146175,
0.40971678495407104,
0.24738159775733948,
0.1478118896484375,
0.06527862697839737,
-0.18089142441749573,
0.17833252251148224,
0.39458006620407104,
0.2536682188510895,
0.02397460862994194,
0.220672607421875,
0.13588866591453552,
0.303955078125,
0.192169189453125,
-0.032135009765625,
0.13355866074562073,
-0.04239807277917862,
0.05170898512005806,
0.22435303032398224,
-0.18263550102710724,
-0.08763504028320312,
0.24283447861671448,
0.13733215630054474,
5.458203315734863,
-0.1884758025407791,
0.26197510957717896,
-0.28905028104782104,
0.039306640625,
0.107879638671875,
-0.31103515625,
-0.25070494413375854,
-0.465087890625,
-0.034900665283203125,
0.08977814018726349,
0.09937439113855362,
-0.21842041611671448,
0.07935943454504013,
-0.21164169907569885,
0.289743036031723,
-0.22006836533546448,
-0.02374715730547905,
0.11239548027515411,
0.10155181586742401,
0.6954101324081421,
-0.0203704833984375,
0.013468170538544655,
-0.41236573457717896,
-0.025643538683652878,
-0.15418091416358948,
0.24196776747703552,
0.030731964856386185,
-0.5804687738418579,
-0.10442352294921875,
0.6163085699081421,
-0.11869201809167862,
-0.4464355409145355,
0.21799317002296448,
-0.009954070672392845,
0.0994955524802208,
0.80224609375,
-0.14036254584789276,
0.38847047090530396,
-0.35627442598342896,
0.2677856385707855,
0.3948730528354645,
-0.1292724609375,
0.015833282843232155,
0.14337769150733948,
-0.13314303755760193,
-0.06722183525562286,
0.017924880608916283,
0.23391112685203552,
0.14394989609718323,
-0.09909410774707794,
-0.04046783596277237,
0.7662109136581421,
0.209808349609375,
0.5672851800918579,
0.3348144590854645,
-0.059783935546875,
-0.10071716457605362,
0.4090332090854645,
-0.20688477158546448,
0.4901123046875,
0.20963744819164276,
-0.07863426208496094,
0.45399171113967896,
0.3512817323207855,
0.46345216035842896,
0.07238159328699112,
-0.061981964856386185,
0.32818603515625,
-0.08945541083812714,
-0.32568359375,
0.05328979343175888,
0.014013290405273438,
0.07538757473230362,
0.09246826171875,
0.004810142330825329,
0.8525390625,
-0.16428223252296448,
0.06777648627758026,
-0.39246827363967896,
-0.26368409395217896,
-0.08347778022289276,
-0.056102752685546875,
-0.10300159454345703,
-0.19675903022289276,
-0.0368998758494854,
-0.173980712890625,
0.07799224555492401,
0.17426148056983948,
0.06776733696460724,
0.5564209222793579,
-0.05208168178796768,
0.09836578369140625,
0.680371105670929,
-0.33966064453125,
0.3326049745082855,
-0.182525634765625,
0.26667481660842896,
0.040113069117069244,
-0.08382721245288849,
-0.10745849460363388,
0.24180908501148224,
0.15245361626148224,
-0.3245849609375,
0.2925170958042145,
-0.3036743104457855,
0.21513672173023224,
-0.16128043830394745,
0.05002136155962944,
-0.0633537769317627,
0.3902343809604645,
0.5697997808456421,
0.3066772520542145,
0.3050476014614105,
-0.13460692763328552
] |
53 | When does Menopause start? | [
{
"docid": "49611#0",
"text": "Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children. Menopause typically occurs between 49 and 52 years of age. Medical professionals often define menopause as having occurred when a woman has not had any vaginal bleeding for a year. It may also be defined by a decrease in hormone production by the ovaries. In those who have had surgery to remove their uterus but still have ovaries, menopause may be viewed to have occurred at the time of the surgery or when their hormone levels fell. Following the removal of the uterus, symptoms typically occur earlier, at an average of 45 years of age.\nIn the years before menopause, a woman's periods typically become irregular, which means that periods may be longer or shorter in duration or be lighter or heavier in the amount of flow. During this time, women often experience hot flashes; these typically last from 30 seconds to ten minutes and may be associated with shivering, sweating, and reddening of the skin. Hot flashes often stop occurring after a year or two. Other symptoms may include vaginal dryness, trouble sleeping, and mood changes. The severity of symptoms varies between women. While menopause is often thought to be linked to an increase in heart disease, this primarily occurs due to increasing age and does not have a direct relationship with menopause. In some women, problems that were present like endometriosis or painful periods will improve after menopause.\nMenopause is usually a natural change. It can occur earlier in those who smoke tobacco. Other causes include surgery that removes both ovaries or some types of chemotherapy. At the physiological level, menopause happens because of a decrease in the ovaries' production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. While typically not needed, a diagnosis of menopause can be confirmed by measuring hormone levels in the blood or urine. Menopause is the opposite of menarche, the time when a girl's periods start.\nSpecific treatment is not usually needed. Some symptoms, however, may be improved with treatment. With respect to hot flashes, avoiding smoking, caffeine, and alcohol is often recommended. Sleeping in a cool room and using a fan may help. The following medications may help: menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), clonidine, gabapentin, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Exercise may help with sleeping problems. While MHT was once routinely prescribed, it is now only recommended in those with significant symptoms, as there are concerns about side effects. High-quality evidence for the effectiveness of alternative medicine has not been found. There is tentative evidence for phytoestrogens.",
"title": "Menopause"
},
{
"docid": "49611#37",
"text": "The menopause transition typically begins between 40 and 50 years of age (average 47.5). The duration of perimenopause may be for up to eight years. Women will often, but not always, start these transitions (perimenopause and menopause) about the same time as their mother did.",
"title": "Menopause"
},
{
"docid": "49611#10",
"text": "Menopause typically occurs between 49 and 52 years of age. The majority of women have their last period between the ages of 48 and 55. The average age of the last period in the United States is 51 years, in the United Kingdom is 52 years, in Ireland is 50 years and in Australia is 51 years. In India and the Philippines, the median age of natural menopause is considerably earlier, at 44 years. The menopausal transition or perimenopause leading up to menopause usually lasts 7 years (sometimes as long as 14 years).",
"title": "Menopause"
},
{
"docid": "3315213#28",
"text": "Female fertility declines after age 30 and ends with the menopause. Female physical experiences vary depending on external forces such as diet, marriage patterns, culture, and other aspects. In Western nations menstruation begins to affect females at 13 and menopause starts around 51. In non-industrialized countries, on the other hand, most females begin menstruation at a later age. More lactation in the lifetime of non-western females inhibits ovulation and extends the number of fertile years. Pregnancy in the 40s or later has been correlated with increased risk of Down syndrome in the children. Males are capable of fathering children into old age. Paternal age effects in the children include multiple sclerosis, autism, breast cancer and schizophrenia, as well as reduced intelligence. Adriana Iliescu was reported as the world's oldest woman to give birth, at age 66. Her record stood until Maria del Carmen Bousada de Lara gave birth to twin sons at Sant Pau Hospital in Barcelona, Spain on December 29, 2006, at the age of 67. In both cases IVF was used. The oldest known father was former Australian miner Les Colley, who fathered a child at age 93.",
"title": "Sex differences in human physiology"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "55397455#4",
"text": "The musical started previews in July 2017 and officially opened Off-Broadway in August 2017 at Westside Theatre.The New York Times's Anita Gates gave a review to the Broadway production as she writes, \"I wish I had Bobby Goldman’s faith that New York is filled with attractive, charming, emotionally stable older men looking for relationships.\" In a review by Suzanna Bowling from Times Square Chronicles, Bowling proclaims, \"Nancy Opel, pulls a tour de force, as she embodies the Curvy Widow upstairs at the Westside Theatre. This musical is sure to beat Menopause, as the most popular and highest grossing show in town. Critics were not in love when they saw Menopause, but the authors laugh all the way to the bank. Well move over, because Curvy Widow is bound to surpass that fad.\"",
"title": "Curvy Widow"
},
{
"docid": "32583935#2",
"text": "In 1994 NAMS launched \"Menopause\", a peer-reviewed scientific journal meant to provide a forum for clinical research, applied basic science, and practice guidelines on all aspects of menopause.The scope of \"Menopause\" encompasses many varied biomedical areas, including internal medicine, family practice, obstetrics, gynecology, medical subspecialties such as cardiology and geriatrics, epidemiology, pathology, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and pharmacology. Additional professional educational material provided by NAMS includes the textbook \"Menopause Practice: A Clinician's Guide\"; position statements on hormone therapy, management of menopausal symptoms, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and other topics; an annual scientific conference; and the e-mail newsletters \"First to Know,\" \"Menopause Care Updates\", and \"Menopause e-Consult\".",
"title": "North American Menopause Society"
},
{
"docid": "37134640#4",
"text": "\"World Menopause Day / Month\". IMS has designated October 18 as World Menopause Day. In observation of the Day, the IMS and the member national societies of CAMS distribute materials and organize activities to inform women about menopause, its management and the impact of estrogen loss. Since it is not always possible for local societies to arrange activities for this specific day, the IMS has now designated October as World Menopause Month. Local societies can also collaborate with other organizations working in the field of adult women's health, such as societies for osteoporosis and breast cancer, to organize joint events. World Menopause Month can also be a call to implement policies that support research and treatment in the area of menopausal health.",
"title": "International Menopause Society"
},
{
"docid": "32583935#0",
"text": "The North American Menopause Society (NAMS), founded in 1989, is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary organization with the mission of promoting the health and quality of life of women during midlife and beyond through an understanding of menopause and healthy aging. Based in Cleveland, Ohio, NAMS has more than 2,000 members from 51 countries, with 88% of its members from North America.Its membership includes experts from many disciplines such as medicine, nursing, sociology, psychology, nutrition, anthropology, epidemiology, pharmacy, and education.",
"title": "North American Menopause Society"
},
{
"docid": "2378457#0",
"text": "Written by Jeanie Linders, Menopause The Musical debuted March 28, 2001 in Orlando, Florida. The original cast members were Shelly Browne as the Power (later Professional) Woman, Patti McGuire as the Iowa Housewife, Pammie O'Bannon as the Earth Mother and Wesley Williams as the Soap Star. The musical follows four women shopping for lingerie at a Bloomingdale's sale sing 25 songs about chocolate cravings, hot flashes, loss of memory, nocturnal sweats, and sexual predicaments. The lyrics parody popular music from the baby boomer era, and includes the numbers \"Stayin' Awake\" and \"Puff, My God I'm Draggin'.\"",
"title": "Menopause The Musical"
},
{
"docid": "37134640#2",
"text": "The Society's official journal, \"Climacteric\", the Journal of Adult Women's Health and Medicine, was founded in 1998 and is listed in Index Medicus/MEDLINE. The editors-in-Chief are Anna Fenton (New Zealand), and Nick Panay (United Kingdom). It publishes international, original, peer-reviewed research on all aspects of aging in men and women, especially during the menopause and climacteric. The content of the journal covers the whole range of subject areas relevant to climacteric studies and adult women’s health and medicine, including underlying endocrinological changes, treatment of the symptoms of the menopause and other age-related changes, hormone replacement therapies, alternative therapies, effective life-style modifications, non-hormonal midlife changes, and the counselling and education of perimenopausal and postmenopausal patients.",
"title": "International Menopause Society"
}
] | [
0.438079833984375,
0.49542236328125,
-0.1223604679107666,
0.021402359008789062,
-0.360198974609375,
0.17620635032653809,
0.31695079803466797,
-0.36700439453125,
-0.1205902099609375,
0.354827880859375,
-0.23297536373138428,
-0.15990066528320312,
0.011297225952148438,
-0.07673195004463196,
-0.41302490234375,
-0.04653739929199219,
0.327545166015625,
-0.15810394287109375,
0.057982444763183594,
0.185028076171875,
-0.05815446376800537,
0.55877685546875,
0.2743377685546875,
-0.348297119140625,
0.30169677734375,
0.17113876342773438,
-0.009516716003417969,
0.08601760864257812,
0.38702392578125,
0.578857421875,
0.1347637176513672,
0.06353569030761719,
-0.19600296020507812,
0.3469390869140625,
-0.0873422622680664,
0.314361572265625,
0.3173828125,
-0.2855682373046875,
-0.008190155029296875,
0.11017990112304688,
-0.249114990234375,
0.03623247146606445,
0.170562744140625,
0.1707305908203125,
0.561798095703125,
-0.1572704315185547,
0.450225830078125,
0.017054319381713867,
0.20313262939453125,
0.4288330078125,
-0.44976806640625,
0.01825857162475586,
0.0744476318359375,
0.10524368286132812,
-0.5802001953125,
0.17523193359375,
-0.12473678588867188,
0.3502197265625,
0.14444732666015625,
-0.08987617492675781,
0.31640625,
0.2295074462890625,
-0.011789560317993164,
-0.20446014404296875,
-0.3620758056640625,
0.14240646362304688,
0.0932464599609375,
0.1064901351928711,
0.3686065673828125,
0.2314453125,
0.02016735076904297,
0.48504638671875,
0.314697265625,
0.06626319885253906,
-0.27043914794921875,
-0.538909912109375,
0.08696937561035156,
0.707275390625,
0.2685546875,
-0.3336181640625,
0.2492523193359375,
-0.08624935150146484,
-0.10413360595703125,
0.738037109375,
-0.2187347412109375,
0.517059326171875,
0.026370525360107422,
0.300384521484375,
-0.10209274291992188,
0.2838592529296875,
0.005503654479980469,
0.278350830078125,
0.012479305267333984,
-0.026031494140625,
0.2832794189453125,
-0.07398796081542969,
0.21717071533203125,
-0.3667449951171875,
0.08384466171264648,
-0.16656875610351562,
0.034363746643066406,
-0.09154891967773438,
-0.06512928009033203,
-0.10165977478027344,
0.325775146484375,
-0.333526611328125,
-0.5662841796875,
0.07994842529296875,
0.07495403289794922,
0.2630157470703125,
0.3107452392578125,
-0.48291015625,
-0.23644256591796875,
-0.1513214111328125,
0.20157623291015625,
0.2854156494140625,
0.38594627380371094,
-0.04058074951171875,
-0.18357086181640625,
-0.8677978515625,
0.54864501953125,
0.2696533203125,
-0.2437744140625,
-0.3150177001953125,
-0.164764404296875,
-0.4659423828125,
0.6842041015625,
0.0056438446044921875,
0.51922607421875,
0.618804931640625,
-0.2700672149658203,
0.428863525390625,
-0.1044769287109375,
0.644012451171875,
-0.22185945510864258,
0.0045757293701171875,
0.09299087524414062,
-0.21148681640625,
-0.345916748046875,
-0.19315242767333984,
-0.20660400390625,
-0.05872058868408203,
0.34514617919921875,
0.618743896484375,
0.17049407958984375,
0.40277099609375,
-0.11515426635742188,
0.348480224609375,
0.05131697654724121,
0.415313720703125,
0.58526611328125,
0.4056396484375,
-0.024657726287841797,
0.466583251953125,
0.19921064376831055,
0.13826751708984375,
0.526397705078125,
0.15998458862304688,
-0.231048583984375,
0.10344839096069336,
0.8126220703125,
0.504791259765625,
-0.15212249755859375,
-0.08441162109375,
-0.203216552734375,
0.18394088745117188,
0.08887100219726562,
0.50006103515625,
0.509063720703125,
-0.18988037109375,
-0.2735137939453125,
-0.016223907470703125,
0.608978271484375,
-0.11974334716796875,
0.280364990234375,
0.14492034912109375,
-0.284393310546875,
-0.08117294311523438,
0.083770751953125,
0.17539596557617188,
0.52081298828125,
0.239349365234375,
0.1222076416015625,
-0.71026611328125,
0.49066162109375,
0.21868896484375,
0.11407089233398438,
-0.14021682739257812,
-0.15969085693359375,
-0.0004334449768066406,
-0.003345489501953125,
0.4134521484375,
0.489990234375,
0.05673980712890625,
-0.373260498046875,
0.07074904441833496,
0.07752323150634766,
0.56585693359375,
-0.21438980102539062,
0.28472900390625,
-0.2833404541015625,
0.05108356475830078,
-0.60986328125,
0.206939697265625,
0.45538330078125,
-0.022494792938232422,
-0.2322235107421875,
0.26432037353515625,
-0.2576751708984375,
-0.07834053039550781,
0.08191680908203125,
0.029991626739501953,
0.292205810546875,
0.15831756591796875,
0.04273414611816406,
-0.01751852035522461,
-0.04336357116699219,
-0.0100555419921875,
0.3545989990234375,
0.1507415771484375,
-0.2451019287109375,
-0.13744735717773438,
-0.145965576171875,
-0.404510498046875,
0.10470497608184814,
-0.05313873291015625,
0.26287841796875,
-0.3843841552734375,
0.1804046630859375,
-0.06202888488769531,
0.584808349609375,
0.09136009216308594,
0.09776365756988525,
-0.138641357421875,
0.022516250610351562,
0.07143402099609375,
0.23461151123046875,
-0.059513092041015625,
-0.13280487060546875,
-0.073089599609375,
0.35955810546875,
-0.2648162841796875,
-0.1590423583984375,
0.12894248962402344,
0.444091796875,
0.02413654327392578,
-0.014798998832702637,
0.08796882629394531,
-0.399322509765625,
-0.04968833923339844,
0.1802978515625,
-0.03933906555175781,
-0.05972576141357422,
0.4876708984375,
-0.2654876708984375,
0.181182861328125,
0.483184814453125,
-0.07280492782592773,
-0.05449485778808594,
0.3249359130859375,
0.470733642578125,
0.4022216796875,
0.165496826171875,
0.21794891357421875,
-0.3634033203125,
-0.347076416015625,
0.08539199829101562,
0.399169921875,
-0.009098052978515625,
0.587493896484375,
0.2059478759765625,
-0.55108642578125,
0.12018966674804688,
0.0548248291015625,
-0.444671630859375,
0.014316558837890625,
0.62005615234375,
0.3144683837890625,
-0.3442535400390625,
0.2623138427734375,
0.13187408447265625,
-0.21556472778320312,
-0.07156747579574585,
0.415283203125,
0.13407385349273682,
0.46502685546875,
0.03654670715332031,
0.3455047607421875,
-0.11753034591674805,
0.0006361007690429688,
0.4039306640625,
0.407928466796875,
-0.08622360229492188,
-0.47979736328125,
-0.2834320068359375,
0.1969757080078125,
0.422760009765625,
-0.04728507995605469,
0.13942718505859375,
-0.1436004638671875,
0.3270721435546875,
-0.2833404541015625,
0.0015730857849121094,
0.27756500244140625,
-0.1249237060546875,
0.03767585754394531,
-0.1660614013671875,
0.1446971893310547,
0.05867576599121094,
0.49395751953125,
-0.11136817932128906,
-0.2918815612792969,
0.055011749267578125,
0.5748291015625,
0.4595947265625,
-0.008299827575683594,
0.11655749380588531,
-0.14546966552734375,
0.3751373291015625,
0.418548583984375,
-0.482452392578125,
-0.1827850341796875,
-0.358428955078125,
-0.505035400390625,
0.369110107421875,
-0.459808349609375,
-0.06844139099121094,
-0.6099853515625,
0.396575927734375,
-0.06618833541870117,
0.560455322265625,
-0.0432891845703125,
-0.3511962890625,
-0.2592620849609375,
-0.07267951965332031,
0.331573486328125,
-0.2957763671875,
0.64202880859375,
-0.08694839477539062,
0.38958740234375,
0.5457763671875,
0.11354970932006836,
-0.2667388916015625,
0.2858734130859375,
0.517974853515625,
-0.15526580810546875,
0.2471160888671875,
0.530731201171875,
0.181610107421875,
0.029616355895996094,
-0.247955322265625,
0.1956939697265625,
-0.040744781494140625,
-0.3401336669921875,
0.2607860565185547,
0.112030029296875,
0.3173675537109375,
0.0106353759765625,
0.295989990234375,
-0.2758331298828125,
0.08145618438720703,
0.12677001953125,
0.2132568359375,
0.275848388671875,
0.2210845947265625,
-0.02877044677734375,
-0.10063457489013672,
-0.08429527282714844,
0.18613433837890625,
0.041039466857910156,
0.04271888732910156,
0.07995033264160156,
0.18151092529296875,
0.290130615234375,
-0.469940185546875,
-0.34942626953125,
-0.16304779052734375,
0.41943359375,
0.403106689453125,
0.13222122192382812,
0.1930389404296875,
0.57220458984375,
0.28521728515625,
0.11709213256835938,
-0.400421142578125,
0.014407157897949219,
-0.334197998046875,
0.28311920166015625,
0.15641021728515625,
-0.3207855224609375,
-0.20896410942077637,
0.1330423355102539,
0.0070629119873046875,
-0.1921234130859375,
-0.11637496948242188,
-0.367218017578125,
-0.160064697265625,
0.46295166015625,
0.192413330078125,
-0.17423248291015625,
-0.05885887145996094,
0.08809280395507812,
0.238494873046875,
0.3200531005859375,
4.16943359375,
0.530120849609375,
0.28324127197265625,
0.250274658203125,
-0.05981254577636719,
-0.2379302978515625,
-0.07925987243652344,
-0.542633056640625,
0.2394256591796875,
-0.0911102294921875,
-0.11965560913085938,
0.003869771957397461,
-0.10429859161376953,
0.46588134765625,
-0.15152740478515625,
-0.061153411865234375,
0.69586181640625,
0.535369873046875,
-0.17698907852172852,
0.2357025146484375,
-0.427642822265625,
0.42962646484375,
0.11463379859924316,
-0.058606624603271484,
0.5777587890625,
-0.3942108154296875,
0.09437179565429688,
0.058818817138671875,
0.2620086669921875,
0.347076416015625,
0.3926239013671875,
0.253997802734375,
-0.053505897521972656,
-0.06511831283569336,
-0.4930419921875,
0.538238525390625,
0.4937744140625,
0.473968505859375,
0.02843332290649414,
0.13582611083984375,
-0.19073486328125,
0.285858154296875,
0.147918701171875,
0.2171783447265625,
0.86419677734375,
0.029317140579223633,
-0.06378936767578125,
0.54693603515625,
0.3932952880859375,
-0.07606124877929688,
0.25567626953125,
-0.1738128662109375,
0.16315460205078125,
-0.380126953125,
0.273834228515625,
0.43060302734375,
0.2710418701171875,
0.3471221923828125,
-0.08705902099609375,
0.12865066528320312,
-0.044081687927246094,
0.039587974548339844,
0.28643798828125,
0.1571044921875,
-0.11442947387695312,
0.384979248046875,
-0.001445770263671875,
0.423828125,
0.2691650390625,
-0.3555908203125,
0.64739990234375,
0.3153076171875,
-0.05113410949707031,
-0.5654296875,
0.35650634765625,
-0.21695709228515625,
-0.500213623046875,
-0.15847396850585938,
0.0675811767578125,
0.11732196807861328,
0.1957550048828125,
-0.16165542602539062,
-0.061532020568847656,
0.04806232452392578,
0.021898746490478516,
0.4755859375,
0.03735542297363281,
-0.09204339981079102,
0.35467529296875,
0.046202659606933594,
0.07234001159667969,
0.024379730224609375,
0.2021331787109375,
0.15639114379882812,
0.39068603515625,
0.289306640625,
-0.07128524780273438,
-3.984619140625,
0.04225444793701172,
0.60992431640625,
0.04587268829345703,
0.028638839721679688,
0.06742095947265625,
0.04484272003173828,
0.32415771484375,
0.06283855438232422,
0.10652446746826172,
-0.016641616821289062,
0.12277984619140625,
-0.289764404296875,
0.48675537109375,
0.3646240234375,
0.17253875732421875,
0.04201507568359375,
0.06614208221435547,
0.2379913330078125,
-0.257598876953125,
-0.011099815368652344,
-0.091400146484375,
0.21773529052734375,
-0.06658554077148438,
0.05839824676513672,
0.02120208740234375,
0.245330810546875,
-0.34869384765625,
-0.2963104248046875,
0.10373306274414062,
-0.06586837768554688,
0.018865346908569336,
0.31011962890625,
-0.2847747802734375,
-0.2348480224609375,
0.316619873046875,
-0.13668370246887207,
0.023756027221679688,
0.3653564453125,
0.0666351318359375,
0.07102823257446289,
-0.21672821044921875,
0.323333740234375,
0.07061767578125,
0.057384490966796875,
0.051876068115234375,
-0.2235565185546875,
0.2513275146484375,
-0.3258209228515625,
-0.07055282592773438,
0.528228759765625,
0.007919788360595703,
-0.11153554916381836,
0.029718637466430664,
0.536895751953125,
-0.015726089477539062,
-0.25164794921875,
0.286041259765625,
0.39398193359375,
0.3932342529296875,
0.12039947509765625,
0.259552001953125,
0.1570281982421875,
0.2523307800292969,
0.22401046752929688,
-0.1041402816772461,
0.06237030029296875,
0.07854080200195312,
0.1986236572265625,
-0.15213823318481445,
0.079681396484375,
-0.033370018005371094,
0.216583251953125,
-0.2689361572265625,
0.1214895248413086,
0.1190338134765625,
0.04822278022766113,
-0.04524707794189453,
0.66766357421875,
0.1249237060546875,
-0.12399673461914062,
-0.06895637512207031,
-0.416259765625,
0.340087890625,
2.36083984375,
0.18570709228515625,
2.231689453125,
0.21250152587890625,
-0.09343528747558594,
0.6138916015625,
-0.154052734375,
0.51129150390625,
0.06292724609375,
0.010684967041015625,
0.231414794921875,
-0.09693145751953125,
0.022797107696533203,
-0.1652545928955078,
-0.2382068634033203,
-0.051674842834472656,
0.3228759765625,
-0.72088623046875,
0.15383148193359375,
-0.02214813232421875,
0.527069091796875,
-0.3642730712890625,
-0.10086441040039062,
-0.06176185607910156,
0.0782470703125,
-0.18860626220703125,
-0.051733970642089844,
-0.17069625854492188,
0.041423499584198,
-0.13941192626953125,
-0.3357658386230469,
0.20970916748046875,
0.372528076171875,
-0.06371116638183594,
0.1277008056640625,
-0.23361968994140625,
0.03624224662780762,
4.76416015625,
-0.012918472290039062,
-0.249359130859375,
0.0501556396484375,
0.16638946533203125,
0.30511474609375,
0.35601806640625,
-0.2109375,
0.08725738525390625,
0.169677734375,
0.299285888671875,
0.10512924194335938,
0.054241180419921875,
-0.15562868118286133,
0.17914962768554688,
-0.12211799621582031,
-0.387359619140625,
-0.017724990844726562,
0.351837158203125,
-0.02573871612548828,
0.1742401123046875,
0.455169677734375,
0.12900638580322266,
-0.08727264404296875,
-0.20746535062789917,
-0.009092092514038086,
0.09755134582519531,
-0.05099189281463623,
0.023413658142089844,
0.114501953125,
0.283905029296875,
5.45849609375,
-0.0017180442810058594,
-0.06935501098632812,
-0.011528164148330688,
-0.13641738891601562,
0.204986572265625,
-0.162261962890625,
0.3513336181640625,
-0.07483863830566406,
0.010717391967773438,
-0.06158161163330078,
-0.021223068237304688,
0.01793670654296875,
0.2502479553222656,
-0.004971504211425781,
0.26296234130859375,
-0.2687835693359375,
-0.08187532424926758,
0.22780609130859375,
0.20334625244140625,
0.432830810546875,
0.25698089599609375,
0.24676513671875,
-0.13724517822265625,
-0.21339035034179688,
-0.032520294189453125,
-0.1330718994140625,
0.16920852661132812,
-0.18190383911132812,
-0.03423881530761719,
0.2986907958984375,
0.22380828857421875,
-0.1831655502319336,
0.16675758361816406,
-0.1026296615600586,
0.3858642578125,
0.42254638671875,
0.5107421875,
0.36789894104003906,
-0.18592071533203125,
0.488739013671875,
0.4888916015625,
-0.2945404052734375,
0.2116851806640625,
0.2212352752685547,
0.1363677978515625,
-0.13735198974609375,
-0.29351806640625,
-0.12801742553710938,
0.18868255615234375,
0.404144287109375,
0.163055419921875,
1.24951171875,
-0.18940353393554688,
-0.012691497802734375,
0.353118896484375,
0.19504547119140625,
-0.274688720703125,
-0.052341461181640625,
-0.20098114013671875,
0.3791656494140625,
0.09671545028686523,
-0.2351398468017578,
0.2996368408203125,
0.043332815170288086,
0.223663330078125,
0.586334228515625,
-0.08062076568603516,
0.08986282348632812,
-0.3061370849609375,
-0.1096649169921875,
0.03682136535644531,
0.10528945922851562,
-0.058588504791259766,
-0.12591552734375,
0.40673828125,
0.23974609375,
-0.2255401611328125,
-0.1316089630126953,
-0.0457305908203125,
0.28997802734375,
-0.202392578125,
-0.439422607421875,
0.11030006408691406,
0.1693572998046875,
0.1651287078857422,
0.13630568981170654,
0.2988739013671875,
0.3134591579437256,
0.08642387390136719,
-0.004379749298095703,
0.09047508239746094,
0.19610595703125,
0.569976806640625,
0.2667694091796875,
0.372222900390625,
0.031494140625,
0.505340576171875,
0.10013961791992188,
0.10248565673828125,
-0.014801025390625,
0.2488250732421875,
0.311676025390625,
-0.017766594886779785,
0.2475738525390625,
-0.029456138610839844,
0.1845550537109375,
-0.09397506713867188,
0.3135223388671875,
-0.16555023193359375,
0.485198974609375,
0.3785400390625,
0.03913116455078125,
0.2260894775390625,
0.013124823570251465
] |
54 | When did Alfred die? | [
{
"docid": "42390595#19",
"text": "Alfred died on 10 March 1948. The press at the time speculated that ‘his pet hate got him in the end’, linking Alfred's dislike of aeroplanes with the passage of one over the zoo shortly before his death. The actual cause of his demise was tuberculosis which he contracted a year before and despite his keepers best efforts, he had been unable to recover. His death was mourned by many of the regular visitors to the zoo, some of whom were even inspired to compose poems in his honour.",
"title": "Alfred the Gorilla"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "49438414#6",
"text": "Alfred Greene, born 1827 in Hawkins County, was a reconnaissance scout during the American Civil War and did not join either the Union Army or the Army of the Confederacy. He was killed in 1863 by a gang of three bushwackers when he secretly went home to visit his wife who was expecting a baby. The gang positioned themselves around his house and shot him dead as soon as he was seen outside the house. When his brothers Robert and David, who were Union soldiers, came home after the war, they killed two of the men who had killed Alfred. The third man went insane from fear for his life.",
"title": "Greene–Jones War"
},
{
"docid": "651722#4",
"text": "Alfred Bird died on 15 December 1878 in Kings Norton, Worcestershire and is buried at Key Hill Cemetery in Birmingham. Famously his obituary in the journal of the Chemical Society (of which he was a fellow) discussed at length his skills and research but did not mention his other activity – the by then famous Bird's Custard. It read:",
"title": "Alfred Bird"
},
{
"docid": "911076#0",
"text": "Die Herzogin von Chicago (\"The Duchess of Chicago\") is an operetta in two acts, a prologue, and an epilogue. The music was composed by Hungarian composer Emmerich Kálmán with a libretto by Julius Brammer and Alfred Grünwald. It premiered in Vienna at the Theater an der Wien, on April 5, 1928 and played for 372 performances. The work was presented in out-of-town tryouts in Newark, New Jersey and Springfield, Massachusetts by the Shuberts in 1929, but it did not make it to Broadway. The piece was forgotten until 1997, when the Lubo Opera Company performed it in concert in New York, after which Light Opera Works of Illinois performed the work in 1998 in a fully staged version with a new translation by Philip Kraus and Gregory Opelka. In 1999, Richard Bonynge made a recording of the work, which revived international interest in it.",
"title": "Die Herzogin von Chicago"
},
{
"docid": "14046416#2",
"text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.",
"title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "81590#40",
"text": "Adler died suddenly in Aberdeen, Scotland, in May 1937, during a three-week visit to the University of Aberdeen. While walking down the street, he was seen to collapse and lie motionless on the pavement. As a man ran over to him and loosened his collar, Adler mumbled \"Kurt\", the name of his daughter and died. The autopsy performed determined his death was caused by a degeneration of the heart muscle. His body was cremated at Warriston Crematorium in Edinburgh but the ashes were never reclaimed. In 2007, his ashes were rediscovered in a casket at Warriston Crematorium and returned to Vienna for burial in 2011.",
"title": "Alfred Adler"
},
{
"docid": "364972#18",
"text": "Abbey died on March 14, 1989, aged 62, in his home in Tucson, Arizona. His death was due to complications from surgery; he suffered four days of esophageal hemorrhaging, due to esophageal varices, which is a recurrent problem with one group of veins. Showing his sense of humor, he left a message for anyone who asked about his final words: \"No comment.\" Abbey also left instructions on what to do with his remains: Abbey wanted his body transported in the bed of a pickup truck and wished to be buried as soon as possible. He did not want to be embalmed or placed in a coffin. Instead, he preferred to be placed inside of an old sleeping bag and requested that his friends disregard all state laws concerning burial. \"I want my body to help fertilize the growth of a cactus or cliff rose or sagebrush or tree,\" said the message. For his funeral, Abbey stated, \"No formal speeches desired, though the deceased will not interfere if someone feels the urge. But keep it all simple and brief.\" He requested gunfire and bagpipe music, a cheerful and raucous wake, \"[a]nd a flood of beer and booze! Lots of singing, dancing, talking, hollering, laughing, and lovemaking.\"",
"title": "Edward Abbey"
},
{
"docid": "1938853#17",
"text": "Wintle died in May 1966 aged 68 at his home in Wrotham and was cremated at Maidstone Crematorium, although he had wanted a funeral at Canterbury Cathedral with a full church service and the 1st The Royal Dragoons on parade playing \"My Old Tarpaulin Jacket\":",
"title": "Alfred Wintle"
},
{
"docid": "5720244#2",
"text": "In 1782, Prince Alfred was inoculated against smallpox. The sickness proved too much for the child and in June he was taken to Deal with his governess Lady Charlotte Finch to recover. It was hoped that the sea air, bathing in the water, and horseback riding would improve his condition. While he was there, Alfred endeared himself to many, including an old woman whom he waved to. In spite of his charming disposition, he continued to break out in spots and his chest was troubling him. When he returned to Windsor in August 1782, the doctors inspected him and realized that the boy had only weeks to live. After suffering bouts of fever and continuing problems with his chest, Prince Alfred died on 20 August 1782, at Windsor Castle, Berkshire, not even two years old.",
"title": "Prince Alfred of Great Britain"
},
{
"docid": "42835484#4",
"text": "Edmonds died of natural causes in Ottawa on November 23, 1893 and is buried in Beechwood, the National Cemetery of Canada. The death occurred in the Ottawa Protestant Hospital. Edmonds was a jail inmate at the time.When arrested, Edmonds was referred to as \"a pale, delicate-looking man, who it is thought was insane.\"A coroner's inquest concluded, \"We wish ... to express our disapproval in the detention in jail of such a case ... which was one for a charitable institution.\"",
"title": "Alfred Edmonds"
}
] | [
0.2910679280757904,
-0.18795721232891083,
-0.1222708597779274,
-0.08579472452402115,
-0.0827789306640625,
0.0504411980509758,
0.3578055202960968,
-0.336181640625,
0.3526436984539032,
0.3220389187335968,
-0.0035574776120483875,
-0.15350233018398285,
-0.3587297797203064,
0.348876953125,
-0.1725202351808548,
-0.0838492289185524,
0.3349958062171936,
0.0159737728536129,
-0.011170251294970512,
-0.1006033793091774,
-0.1909615695476532,
0.7585100531578064,
-0.2605852484703064,
0.2221243679523468,
0.04476792365312576,
0.1078883558511734,
-0.2022705078125,
0.4210030734539032,
-0.1396658718585968,
0.0444423146545887,
0.4030413031578064,
0.2611781656742096,
-0.01722281239926815,
0.2355085164308548,
-0.3782784640789032,
0.5621512532234192,
0.1235089972615242,
-0.02547563798725605,
-0.2410191148519516,
0.2594342827796936,
0.004526955541223288,
-0.2075544148683548,
0.2676304280757904,
-0.07859475165605545,
0.1159580796957016,
0.2166399210691452,
0.2396327406167984,
0.006552559789270163,
0.0525643490254879,
-0.1624930202960968,
-0.473876953125,
-0.1904558390378952,
-0.3183419406414032,
-0.1063341423869133,
-0.1473345011472702,
0.6334403157234192,
-0.1786063015460968,
0.4226946234703064,
0.1827131062746048,
-0.1759817898273468,
0.2913644015789032,
-0.0842546746134758,
-0.2186519056558609,
0.0704171285033226,
0.0667070671916008,
0.2284197062253952,
-0.019885744899511337,
0.4958844780921936,
0.1354457288980484,
0.4872698187828064,
0.0687648206949234,
0.0972617045044899,
0.2448381632566452,
-0.1195962056517601,
-0.2157331258058548,
-0.2230398952960968,
-0.07592664659023285,
0.014988490380346775,
0.2250627726316452,
0.0320020392537117,
0.9150390625,
-0.3641880452632904,
-0.1306370347738266,
0.3211844265460968,
-0.012720108032226562,
0.3963448703289032,
-0.008326939307153225,
0.2589372992515564,
-0.048394884914159775,
0.3397042453289032,
0.0108855115249753,
0.00138650625012815,
0.1149749755859375,
-0.1399012953042984,
-0.51318359375,
0.2200055867433548,
0.3075648844242096,
0.1168605238199234,
0.3247942328453064,
-0.4323381781578064,
-0.08763831108808517,
-0.3278459906578064,
-0.1923043429851532,
0.4538225531578064,
0.3742327094078064,
-0.4193289577960968,
-0.0645533949136734,
0.2891845703125,
0.0863364115357399,
0.085296630859375,
0.5909598469734192,
0.0025553021114319563,
-0.0821053609251976,
0.12638084590435028,
0.3208705484867096,
0.017089707776904106,
0.6795130968093872,
-0.4330880343914032,
-0.2166224867105484,
-0.86181640625,
0.6613420844078064,
0.5781598687171936,
-0.1435416042804718,
0.1188616082072258,
-0.2812238335609436,
0.2506277859210968,
0.6001673936843872,
0.1178414449095726,
0.6014927625656128,
0.2135838121175766,
-0.2115391343832016,
0.1900111585855484,
0.1151188462972641,
0.6711077094078064,
0.1030360609292984,
0.1187983900308609,
-0.0601893849670887,
0.193603515625,
0.24505615234375,
-0.012119838036596775,
-0.3167724609375,
0.2555105984210968,
-0.00830078125,
0.5478864312171936,
0.27711158990859985,
0.3384835422039032,
0.2356131374835968,
0.2962123453617096,
-0.0879996195435524,
0.01252092607319355,
0.0888737291097641,
0.1569737046957016,
-0.4527413547039032,
0.3616420328617096,
0.1512364000082016,
0.4019949734210968,
0.3437151312828064,
0.2840576171875,
-0.022884845733642578,
0.2114650160074234,
0.82763671875,
0.3952811062335968,
0.1866106241941452,
-0.2458147257566452,
0.2701067328453064,
-0.1410914808511734,
-0.1239951029419899,
0.4601702094078064,
0.5984932780265808,
-0.2724609375,
-0.20745849609375,
-0.2118094265460968,
0.2482822984457016,
-0.3118198812007904,
0.1730826199054718,
0.1112758070230484,
-0.1986432820558548,
-0.04128919169306755,
0.28570556640625,
-0.3338448703289032,
0.1431361585855484,
0.4968959391117096,
0.31787109375,
0.0024850028567016125,
0.5238560438156128,
0.2044677734375,
0.5478515625,
-0.3969028890132904,
-0.3279854953289032,
0.0586373470723629,
0.3459298312664032,
0.3724190890789032,
0.3510480523109436,
0.0359606072306633,
-0.2532610297203064,
-0.0281808041036129,
0.20261600613594055,
0.2509503960609436,
-0.3766305148601532,
0.0526559017598629,
0.3446219265460968,
-0.02320730686187744,
-0.3534458577632904,
0.2610211968421936,
0.2986537516117096,
-0.2324916273355484,
-0.06739044189453125,
0.2546561062335968,
-0.09881537407636642,
-0.43115234375,
0.3777378499507904,
-0.01913302205502987,
0.4501953125,
0.1274522989988327,
0.0425981804728508,
0.2069614976644516,
-0.0568106509745121,
0.06943530589342117,
0.5558733344078064,
-0.1187983900308609,
-0.2296142578125,
0.2299455851316452,
-0.1334402859210968,
-0.1603524386882782,
-0.01779719814658165,
-0.2095424085855484,
-0.1856253445148468,
-0.1146370992064476,
0.1617431640625,
0.422119140625,
0.5236467719078064,
0.3319091796875,
0.1162763312458992,
-0.308074951171875,
0.2215227335691452,
0.1381356418132782,
0.3765520453453064,
-0.056468963623046875,
0.0048675537109375,
0.138885498046875,
0.20953369140625,
0.2707693874835968,
-0.249267578125,
-0.0397883839905262,
0.1460745632648468,
-0.3778250515460968,
-0.1149335578083992,
0.1647077351808548,
-0.1652134507894516,
0.1668701171875,
0.2461111843585968,
-0.3861258327960968,
0.2408970445394516,
0.562255859375,
-0.2865862250328064,
-0.0340706966817379,
-0.1207754984498024,
-0.0569981150329113,
-0.0665152445435524,
0.1554216593503952,
0.0571550652384758,
0.3139822781085968,
0.282470703125,
0.1163068488240242,
-0.3130231499671936,
-0.04750606045126915,
-0.365478515625,
0.4892926812171936,
0.1622401624917984,
0.6171177625656128,
0.445556640625,
-0.29644447565078735,
-0.0468553826212883,
0.2329014390707016,
-0.09809599816799164,
-0.015022584237158298,
0.1354021281003952,
0.1585301011800766,
0.2613176703453064,
0.2640380859375,
0.3806850016117096,
-0.08887454122304916,
-0.1556222140789032,
0.0425676628947258,
0.2985491156578064,
0.46728515625,
-0.4679129421710968,
0.02162211202085018,
-0.2698712944984436,
0.0641566663980484,
0.1780221164226532,
0.7013114094734192,
-0.2382725328207016,
-0.508056640625,
0.2853219211101532,
0.2257559597492218,
0.415771484375,
-0.3446916937828064,
0.2627999484539032,
-0.03830718994140625,
0.2692587673664093,
-0.5005928874015808,
0.4786202609539032,
0.0974251851439476,
-0.1350293904542923,
-0.6146065592765808,
-0.3130754828453064,
0.01953887939453125,
-0.1485944539308548,
0.3400704562664032,
0.4754813015460968,
-0.1579153835773468,
-0.08126722276210785,
0.2109156996011734,
0.20565687119960785,
0.5702950358390808,
0.2557198703289032,
0.2633405327796936,
0.6487862467765808,
0.010640280321240425,
-0.03710828348994255,
-0.2646135687828064,
-0.3158482015132904,
-0.14770399034023285,
0.1083352193236351,
-0.3218296468257904,
0.0994960218667984,
-0.4705636203289032,
0.6713169813156128,
0.01953996904194355,
0.4667271077632904,
0.1548549085855484,
0.0700945183634758,
-0.1404244601726532,
-0.2869001030921936,
0.0991014763712883,
-0.1360124796628952,
0.4000418484210968,
-0.3303048312664032,
0.2616838812828064,
0.3941127359867096,
-0.0894492045044899,
0.2024972140789032,
0.3818708062171936,
0.0021956306882202625,
0.13034547865390778,
-0.1322588175535202,
-0.0255443025380373,
0.1350620836019516,
-0.2309047132730484,
0.134857177734375,
0.10235595703125,
-0.0548575259745121,
-0.3290841281414032,
0.1246861070394516,
0.4160853922367096,
0.543701171875,
0.1612810343503952,
0.3080008327960968,
-0.2079903781414032,
-0.13074085116386414,
0.2510114312171936,
0.360595703125,
0.2321079820394516,
0.043024949729442596,
-0.007206507958471775,
-0.2186519056558609,
0.2494768351316452,
-0.00941303838044405,
0.17474746704101562,
-0.2128208726644516,
-0.1826125532388687,
0.0321524478495121,
0.2517612874507904,
-0.1760689914226532,
-0.2592599093914032,
-0.1769191175699234,
0.5247279405593872,
0.2701939046382904,
0.2686767578125,
0.23779296875,
0.4519391655921936,
0.2261614054441452,
-0.1590750515460968,
-0.4112723171710968,
-0.1732875257730484,
-0.1024823859333992,
-0.2699148952960968,
0.1771458238363266,
-0.1331263929605484,
0.1235264390707016,
-0.1345389187335968,
-0.1145542711019516,
0.1893136203289032,
0.1396070271730423,
-0.0846797376871109,
0.008722578175365925,
0.0192696712911129,
0.3921247124671936,
-0.3952985405921936,
0.0622122623026371,
0.0899069681763649,
0.3971470296382904,
0.3287179172039032,
4.0574774742126465,
0.2261265367269516,
0.36865234375,
-0.2434430867433548,
-0.2663748562335968,
0.3841029703617096,
0.1378130167722702,
-0.2085287868976593,
-0.0016551698790863156,
0.15450994670391083,
0.2165025919675827,
0.2849818766117096,
-0.037447791546583176,
0.2728794515132904,
0.04544803127646446,
0.1699916273355484,
0.3390066921710968,
-0.03353772684931755,
-0.0532618947327137,
0.3197544515132904,
-0.4189104437828064,
0.2694614827632904,
0.3318568766117096,
0.0447278693318367,
0.03663744404911995,
-0.2294224351644516,
0.4222935140132904,
-0.0592847540974617,
0.5732073187828064,
-0.128173828125,
0.2143140584230423,
-0.5268206000328064,
-0.0662623792886734,
0.12777328491210938,
-0.8025251030921936,
0.13519287109375,
0.4689243733882904,
0.4122140109539032,
-0.0379071906208992,
-0.0409960076212883,
-0.2370954304933548,
0.03746359795331955,
0.4650530219078064,
0.4019601047039032,
0.4527762234210968,
-0.1955827921628952,
-0.2041582316160202,
0.1964285671710968,
-0.2890450656414032,
0.4517647922039032,
0.01503753662109375,
-0.2513253390789032,
0.2495814710855484,
-0.3907645046710968,
0.3500104546546936,
0.50537109375,
0.0280478335916996,
0.4470912516117096,
0.0355638787150383,
0.3257010281085968,
0.2958984375,
-0.0445600226521492,
0.1339394748210907,
0.1993757039308548,
0.1331045925617218,
-0.1309901624917984,
0.1901005357503891,
-0.0746220201253891,
0.136627197265625,
0.0911952406167984,
0.4662388265132904,
0.396728515625,
0.5002790093421936,
-0.1524004191160202,
-0.013896397314965725,
0.02547563798725605,
-0.10040283203125,
0.0696127787232399,
0.0678972527384758,
-0.0835832878947258,
0.17085647583007812,
-0.2072405070066452,
0.0445120669901371,
0.2955147922039032,
0.15576171875,
0.4288853108882904,
0.0653708353638649,
-0.2871442437171936,
0.2524239718914032,
-0.161865234375,
0.2960553765296936,
0.0206887386739254,
-0.0716269388794899,
0.14485332369804382,
0.2171718031167984,
0.0661567971110344,
-0.1724504679441452,
-4.0262274742126465,
0.2468087375164032,
0.460693359375,
-0.030958447605371475,
0.1218348890542984,
0.2701241672039032,
0.1491786390542984,
0.4386858344078064,
-0.5426200032234192,
0.3269914984703064,
0.2204415500164032,
0.1907958984375,
-0.5028948187828064,
0.4342913031578064,
0.02998208999633789,
0.1447928249835968,
0.4097900390625,
-0.010243006981909275,
-0.03782108798623085,
0.1161629781126976,
-0.100433349609375,
-0.1322544664144516,
0.17011305689811707,
-0.4430803656578064,
0.0766645148396492,
-0.2326311320066452,
-0.0748443603515625,
-0.1764264851808548,
0.2205636203289032,
-0.007961818017065525,
-0.0579136423766613,
-0.0450221486389637,
0.9699358344078064,
-0.3715122640132904,
0.09661102294921875,
0.7757393717765808,
0.531494140625,
-0.0377480648458004,
0.4955706000328064,
0.1637006551027298,
-0.1769147664308548,
0.4958147406578064,
0.51513671875,
0.02240753173828125,
-0.1301531046628952,
0.028659820556640625,
-0.2122453898191452,
0.1375209242105484,
-0.3536899983882904,
0.3294852077960968,
-0.1607491672039032,
0.06851796060800552,
-0.15408433973789215,
0.2739083468914032,
0.3602817952632904,
0.1570957750082016,
-0.022796630859375,
-0.017402920871973038,
0.1751970499753952,
0.1943010538816452,
0.0624890998005867,
0.0631103515625,
0.047254834324121475,
-0.3468017578125,
0.0008326939423568547,
-0.0781031996011734,
0.2049996554851532,
0.09355517476797104,
0.2636195719242096,
-0.4617047905921936,
0.3864048421382904,
0.1307024210691452,
0.3356235921382904,
-0.2484915554523468,
-0.3029262125492096,
0.1910499781370163,
0.09307861328125,
-0.3160226047039032,
0.6288365125656128,
0.0649566650390625,
-0.4477887749671936,
0.0287649966776371,
-0.3892299234867096,
0.2052001953125,
2.4755859375,
0.275390625,
2.0655691623687744,
0.4265485405921936,
0.1161063089966774,
0.5991908311843872,
-0.02373872511088848,
0.3682163655757904,
0.0870928093791008,
0.1973179429769516,
0.07074934989213943,
0.0417742058634758,
0.4635184109210968,
-0.0229939054697752,
0.031936101615428925,
0.0709555521607399,
0.4936872124671936,
-0.6230992078781128,
0.1041085347533226,
-0.1568865031003952,
0.3502720296382904,
-0.0408586785197258,
-0.2717110812664032,
0.1575666218996048,
0.2882777750492096,
0.2356131374835968,
-0.4988490641117096,
0.1390206515789032,
0.14818300306797028,
-0.13934326171875,
0.25146484375,
0.41845703125,
0.6884068250656128,
-0.3960309624671936,
0.09261158853769302,
0.2336948961019516,
0.035573892295360565,
4.79296875,
0.0604945607483387,
-0.1467328816652298,
-0.3034493625164032,
-0.2490234375,
0.2333286851644516,
0.2300502210855484,
0.0956399068236351,
0.1488276869058609,
-0.1599600613117218,
0.443359375,
0.3892299234867096,
0.05230603739619255,
0.0360151007771492,
0.378173828125,
0.1261771023273468,
0.0854143425822258,
-0.2207205593585968,
0.5731026530265808,
0.017227718606591225,
0.3777029812335968,
0.1718423068523407,
-0.07631465047597885,
-0.2525983452796936,
0.04674965888261795,
0.0068152290768921375,
0.0761021226644516,
-0.1696842759847641,
-0.06720133870840073,
0.1025826558470726,
0.0263551976531744,
5.4893975257873535,
0.1937953382730484,
0.04732949286699295,
-0.10340772569179535,
-0.08261871337890625,
0.5049874186515808,
-0.3084455132484436,
-0.3333391547203064,
-0.3685128390789032,
-0.07096535712480545,
-0.0366385318338871,
-0.2790178656578064,
-0.1419503390789032,
0.3768484890460968,
-0.1173618882894516,
0.00983537919819355,
-0.380859375,
-0.15124838054180145,
-0.1063929945230484,
-0.3078264594078064,
0.3884975016117096,
-0.1728951632976532,
0.3574567437171936,
-0.4285365641117096,
-0.2216884046792984,
0.1953561007976532,
-0.1445225328207016,
0.240478515625,
-0.0973597913980484,
-0.1100202277302742,
0.0923963263630867,
-0.1597159206867218,
-0.0924486443400383,
0.1690412312746048,
-0.0318559929728508,
0.1300201416015625,
0.2879289984703064,
0.2867780327796936,
0.2227957546710968,
-0.0788704976439476,
0.4525320827960968,
0.1416538804769516,
-0.2312709242105484,
0.1639317125082016,
-0.2601318359375,
0.0898197740316391,
-0.050537109375,
0.1584211140871048,
0.03894083946943283,
0.2146344929933548,
0.009839738719165325,
-0.0285470150411129,
1.443359375,
0.2208251953125,
0.3697684109210968,
0.1007123664021492,
0.09300286322832108,
0.02854047529399395,
-0.07948412001132965,
-0.3828648030757904,
0.2545514702796936,
-0.0237579345703125,
-0.0787593275308609,
-0.0601130910217762,
0.4088657796382904,
0.7793666124343872,
0.3267996609210968,
-0.0267497468739748,
0.3430698812007904,
-0.0728280171751976,
0.2765241265296936,
-0.0549490787088871,
-0.0438101626932621,
0.2713623046875,
-0.09290368109941483,
0.1329563707113266,
0.4469168484210968,
-0.1668875515460968,
0.43505859375,
0.1483285129070282,
-0.2008928507566452,
-0.2809012234210968,
-0.0929914191365242,
0.05915764346718788,
-0.0413142628967762,
-0.0032528468873351812,
-0.02892412431538105,
-0.1649257093667984,
0.18290165066719055,
-0.0704432874917984,
0.3818359375,
-0.1097695454955101,
0.11902891099452972,
0.6979283094406128,
-0.306640625,
0.0993085578083992,
0.4211774468421936,
0.744140625,
0.0972181037068367,
0.0431562140583992,
0.0487714484333992,
0.1461704820394516,
0.049615588039159775,
-0.1682564914226532,
0.2789655327796936,
0.1569911390542984,
0.05744688957929611,
0.01402936689555645,
0.1762433797121048,
0.0743451789021492,
0.4418596625328064,
0.2705775797367096,
-0.1915719211101532,
-0.06678581237792969,
0.2411760538816452
] |
55 | What language do Chechens speak? | [
{
"docid": "185118#6",
"text": "Chechens in Jordan have good relations with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and are able to practice their own culture and language. Chechen language usage is strong among the Chechen community in Jordan. Chechens are bilingual in both Chechen and Arabic, but do not speak Arabic among themselves, only speaking Chechen to other Chechens. Some Jordanians are literate in Chechen as well, having managed to read and write to people visiting Jordan from Chechnya.",
"title": "Chechen language"
},
{
"docid": "622772#12",
"text": "In 1989, 73.4% spoke Russian, though this figure has declined due to the wars for a large number of reasons (including the lack of proper education, the refusal to learn the language, and the mass dispersal of the Chechen diaspora due to the war). Chechens in the diaspora often speak the language of the country they live in (English, German, Arabic, Polish, Georgian, etc.).",
"title": "Chechens"
},
{
"docid": "14059443#3",
"text": "The Chechens and the Ingush speak languages that are closely related and have a degree of passive intelligibility, both being Vainakh languages. The Chechen-Russian conflict is one of the longest and most protracted conflicts in modern history, spanning three centuries. Its origins date back to 1785, when the Chechens fought against Russian expansionism into the Caucasus. The Caucasus War was fought between 1817 and 1864. The Russian Empire succeeded in annexing the area and subjugating its people, but also killed or deported numerous non-Russian peoples and was responsible for the Circassian genocide. The Circassians, the Ubykh and the Abaza were subsequently resettled to the Ottoman Empire. However, other Caucasus people were affected as well. There were up to 1.5 million Chechens in the Caucasus in 1847, but as a result of this war and ensuing expulsions, their number dropped to 140,000 in 1861, and then further to 116,000 in 1867. In 1865, at least 39,000 Chechens were exiled to the Ottoman Empire by the Russian Empire.",
"title": "Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush"
},
{
"docid": "622772#10",
"text": "The main language of the Chechen people is Chechen. Chechen belongs to the family of Nakh languages (Northeast Caucasian languages). Literary Chechen is based on the central lowland dialect. Other related languages include Ingush, which has speakers in the neighbouring Ingushetia, and Batsbi, which is the language of the people in the adjoining part of Georgia. At various times in their history, Chechens used Georgian, Arabic and Latin alphabets; as of 2008, the official one is now the Cyrillic script of Russia.",
"title": "Chechens"
},
{
"docid": "185118#0",
"text": "Chechen ( , ) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by more than 1.4 million people, mostly in the Chechen Republic and by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia, Jordan, Central Asia (mainly Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan), and Georgia.",
"title": "Chechen language"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6095#44",
"text": "However, regarding this exodus, there is an alternative view. According to the Russian economists Boris Lvin and Andrei Iliaronov,\nThe Chechen authorities are regularly accused of crimes against the population, especially the Russian-speaking people. However, before the current war the emigration of the Russian-speaking population from Chechnya was no more intense than that from Kalmykia, Tuva and Sakha-Yakutia. In Grozny itself there remained a 200,000 strong Russian-speaking population which did not hasten to leave it.\nThe languages used in the Republic are Chechen and Russian. Chechen belongs to the Vaynakh or North-central Caucasian language family, which also includes Ingush and Batsb. Some scholars place it in a wider Iberian-Caucasian super-family.",
"title": "Chechnya"
},
{
"docid": "185118#19",
"text": "Chechen is an agglutinative language with an ergative–absolutive morphosyntactic alignment. Chechen nouns belong to one of several genders or classes (6), each with a specific prefix with which the verb or an accompanying adjective agrees. The verb does not agree with the subject or object's person or number, having only tense forms and participles. Among these are an optative and an antipassive. Some verbs, however, do not take these prefixes.",
"title": "Chechen language"
},
{
"docid": "332095#4",
"text": "Historically, if non-Chechen minorities living in Chechen lands wanted to take part in the political processes of the Chechen nation, and integrate into it, they would request admittance as an ethnic teip. They would continue, for a time, to speak their other languages, but also learned Chechen. Due to the encouragement of teip exogamy, as the generations passed, they would come to be heavily intermarried into the Chechen nation and as a result, be slowly Chechenized culturally and linguistically. The level of Chechenization varies between these foreign-origin teips, with some well-preserving their cultural traits and others not. They are nonetheless known as impure teips (not in a derogatory sense), for their foreign origin. Their loyalty to the nation is not any more in question than a Chechen-origin teip.",
"title": "Teip"
},
{
"docid": "622772#15",
"text": "Nakh peoples such as Chechens are thought to either be descended from original settlers of the Caucasus (North and/or South) or supposedly Nakh-speaking ethnic minorities in the north-eastern regions of the ancient state of Urartu (whose people also spoke a language that was possibly related to the Nakh languages). The two theories are not mutually incompatible, and there has been much evidence that seems to link both of the two together (either by dual origins or the \"return\" theory, in which the Nakh peoples originally lived in the Caucasus and then returned). Chechen genetics show a high level of genetic diversity (see section below).",
"title": "Chechens"
},
{
"docid": "185118#3",
"text": "Dialects of Chechen can be classified by their geographic position within the Chechen Republic. The dialects of the northern lowlands are often referred to as \"Oharoy muott\" (literally \"lowlander's language\") and the dialect of the southern mountain tribes is known as \"Laamaroy muott\" (lit. \"mountainer's language\"). Oharoy muott forms the basis for much of the standard and literary Chechen language, which can largely be traced to the regional dialects of Urus-Martan and contemporary Grozny. Laamaroy dialects include (but are not limited to) Chebarloish, Sharoish, Itum-Qalish, Kisti, and Himoish. Until recently, however, Himoy was undocumented and was considered a branch of Sharoish, as many dialects are also used as the basis of intertribal (teip) communication within a larger Chechen \"tukkhum\". Laamaroy dialects such as Sharoish, Himoish and Chebarloish are more conservative and retain many features from Proto–Chechen. For instance, many of these dialects lack a number of vowels found in the standard language which were a result of long-distance assimilation between vowel sounds. Additionally, the Himoy dialect preserves word-final, post-tonic vowels as a schwa [ə], indicating Laamaroy and Ohwaroy dialects were already separate at the time that Oharoy dialects were undergoing assimilation.",
"title": "Chechen language"
}
] | [
0.5067383050918579,
0.5886474847793579,
-0.41214293241500854,
0.3752197325229645,
-0.10052547603845596,
-0.07193680107593536,
0.6019287109375,
-0.42974853515625,
0.3272338807582855,
0.3517211973667145,
-0.169036865234375,
-0.6497558355331421,
0.025876522064208984,
0.28284913301467896,
-0.4997802674770355,
-0.20957641303539276,
0.37663573026657104,
0.3724365234375,
-0.09308548271656036,
0.25152891874313354,
-0.07577820122241974,
0.40983885526657104,
0.016021728515625,
0.28272706270217896,
0.08608245849609375,
-0.06961669772863388,
0.10226096957921982,
0.09450455009937286,
0.1892547607421875,
0.38862305879592896,
0.563720703125,
-0.17222575843334198,
-0.07068634033203125,
0.4341720640659332,
-0.0004608154413290322,
0.394287109375,
0.26097410917282104,
0.05837707594037056,
0.009738922119140625,
0.06074066087603569,
0.15642395615577698,
0.09804382175207138,
0.284158319234848,
0.20615234971046448,
-0.123748779296875,
-0.3712158203125,
-0.07480468600988388,
-0.0879848450422287,
-0.31080323457717896,
0.198333740234375,
-0.11844024807214737,
0.013845061883330345,
-0.25,
-0.22462157905101776,
-0.24777908623218536,
0.636303722858429,
-0.34173583984375,
0.860644519329071,
0.640942394733429,
0.27088624238967896,
0.10411377251148224,
0.28002166748046875,
-0.3794189393520355,
0.183349609375,
0.47052001953125,
0.2970825135707855,
0.06544246524572372,
0.24410399794578552,
0.12131652981042862,
0.11641693115234375,
-0.07732067257165909,
0.5379883050918579,
0.942919909954071,
0.21541747450828552,
-0.01097259484231472,
-0.1298667937517166,
0.15223082900047302,
0.17078551650047302,
0.12258605659008026,
0.12094879150390625,
0.405029296875,
-0.06009674072265625,
0.11530037224292755,
0.15333709120750427,
-0.3847900331020355,
0.49560546875,
-0.11650390923023224,
0.24976806342601776,
0.14926452934741974,
0.4239501953125,
0.155059814453125,
-0.32438963651657104,
0.030501555651426315,
-0.3428710997104645,
0.24689941108226776,
0.25660401582717896,
0.08288650214672089,
-0.15811768174171448,
-0.2594238221645355,
-0.21210327744483948,
-0.03189048916101456,
-0.15662232041358948,
-0.008727455511689186,
0.10752563178539276,
0.12737122178077698,
-0.2964111268520355,
-0.04895935207605362,
0.309701532125473,
0.012752818875014782,
0.14135590195655823,
0.393798828125,
-0.26593780517578125,
0.02244415320456028,
0.2691894471645355,
0.4259277284145355,
0.20401611924171448,
0.19202880561351776,
-0.07495574653148651,
-0.007577168755233288,
-0.744873046875,
0.671630859375,
0.4957519471645355,
-0.3974853456020355,
0.184040829539299,
0.14825133979320526,
0.28029173612594604,
0.36857908964157104,
0.06543703377246857,
0.3496948182582855,
0.23195800185203552,
-0.017546653747558594,
0.3331665098667145,
0.4120849668979645,
0.478271484375,
0.58203125,
0.09232483059167862,
0.24030761420726776,
0.00531005859375,
-0.4858642518520355,
-0.30619508028030396,
0.43708497285842896,
-0.0932544693350792,
0.3494873046875,
0.919628918170929,
-0.25166016817092896,
0.5474853515625,
-0.02757744863629341,
0.2593139708042145,
-0.00860443152487278,
0.212799072265625,
0.24936524033546448,
0.21879883110523224,
-0.08165130764245987,
0.3062377870082855,
-0.13120388984680176,
0.14495238661766052,
0.22626343369483948,
0.01283416710793972,
-0.2654357850551605,
-0.034485626965761185,
0.8111327886581421,
0.4901367127895355,
-0.00835494976490736,
0.31584471464157104,
-0.158966064453125,
0.183319091796875,
0.13527831435203552,
0.03971710056066513,
0.4865966737270355,
-0.05953826755285263,
-0.30668944120407104,
-0.04993591457605362,
0.16527099907398224,
-0.20222778618335724,
0.44902342557907104,
-0.13698425889015198,
-0.12451668083667755,
0.057157933712005615,
-0.022826481610536575,
0.2792602479457855,
0.23146972060203552,
0.0061088562943041325,
0.3051605224609375,
0.22636108100414276,
0.35490721464157104,
-0.024248886853456497,
0.1823577880859375,
-0.21369628608226776,
-0.12600937485694885,
-0.07607116550207138,
-0.0055526732467114925,
-0.15932007133960724,
0.47579652070999146,
-0.40019530057907104,
0.10122756659984589,
-0.12216339260339737,
-0.37614744901657104,
0.23397216200828552,
-0.20148316025733948,
0.717700183391571,
-0.3676391541957855,
0.35748291015625,
-0.3456054627895355,
0.18288573622703552,
0.10851135104894638,
-0.5024261474609375,
0.3098998963832855,
0.2604614198207855,
-0.23096923530101776,
0.05579528957605362,
0.3865966796875,
0.059055328369140625,
0.486083984375,
0.09905757755041122,
-0.22351303696632385,
0.2693847715854645,
-0.03891296312212944,
0.21882934868335724,
0.574414074420929,
-0.18791504204273224,
-0.24074706435203552,
0.43879395723342896,
-0.30106812715530396,
0.023091888055205345,
0.43701171875,
0.2401123046875,
-0.5762695074081421,
-0.4135375916957855,
0.08243866264820099,
-0.01666736602783203,
0.05547332763671875,
-0.22361449897289276,
0.17067261040210724,
-0.14347076416015625,
0.117436982691288,
0.231201171875,
0.0902160182595253,
0.13866576552391052,
-0.0552215576171875,
0.02819061279296875,
0.2907470762729645,
-0.06172638013958931,
-0.24249267578125,
-0.4214111268520355,
0.5711914300918579,
-0.20285339653491974,
0.12668457627296448,
0.15991821885108948,
-0.4806884825229645,
-0.02740020677447319,
0.043694306164979935,
0.09996948391199112,
0.107574462890625,
0.18485108017921448,
-0.0242462158203125,
0.146087646484375,
0.2481689453125,
-0.3492797911167145,
-0.004467773251235485,
-0.12577590346336365,
0.31948167085647583,
0.591015636920929,
0.5295165777206421,
0.15670165419578552,
-0.3410278260707855,
-0.2657714784145355,
0.4028076231479645,
0.517871081829071,
0.19945068657398224,
-0.24953612685203552,
0.24564819037914276,
-0.05587921291589737,
0.36424559354782104,
0.2524818480014801,
-0.22998046875,
-0.19801178574562073,
0.5414794683456421,
-0.042053986340761185,
-0.4234863221645355,
0.28132325410842896,
0.4637451171875,
-0.03332863003015518,
-0.15537719428539276,
-0.12690505385398865,
0.30870360136032104,
0.8492676019668579,
-0.5435791015625,
-0.05034332349896431,
-0.547900378704071,
0.15861816704273224,
0.4146728515625,
0.45649415254592896,
0.077545166015625,
-0.2713256776332855,
0.16929320991039276,
0.25263673067092896,
0.022156333550810814,
0.1258697509765625,
0.20435181260108948,
-0.27045899629592896,
0.3154663145542145,
-0.029308509081602097,
0.4321655333042145,
0.42047423124313354,
0.6348632574081421,
-0.143157958984375,
-0.482177734375,
0.1173095703125,
-0.2680725157260895,
0.34141844511032104,
0.21902771294116974,
0.02346496656537056,
-0.06874694675207138,
0.3143310546875,
0.34788817167282104,
0.610705554485321,
0.014976883307099342,
-0.18295899033546448,
0.3472495973110199,
0.3356079161167145,
-0.16335448622703552,
0.0027748108841478825,
-0.4076171815395355,
-0.402099609375,
0.5284423828125,
-0.19131508469581604,
0.38215333223342896,
-0.07285232841968536,
0.3711791932582855,
-0.13027897477149963,
0.6586669683456421,
0.06901085376739502,
-0.2519054412841797,
-0.21811524033546448,
0.06620559841394424,
0.18914183974266052,
0.0033714293967932463,
-0.03147277981042862,
0.13563041388988495,
-0.16064453125,
-0.05025940015912056,
-0.11084747314453125,
0.054587554186582565,
0.1986083984375,
-0.15348510444164276,
0.18998412787914276,
0.032880403101444244,
0.0800933837890625,
0.503955066204071,
-0.09327850490808487,
0.12999877333641052,
0.03773071616888046,
-0.4023681581020355,
0.0621490478515625,
-0.016634369269013405,
0.15728759765625,
0.19788818061351776,
0.1224822998046875,
-0.21727904677391052,
-0.41630858182907104,
0.36210936307907104,
0.2536865174770355,
0.17810669541358948,
0.058744050562381744,
-0.009815025143325329,
-0.055828094482421875,
0.06654129177331924,
-0.10271911323070526,
0.040607452392578125,
0.25117188692092896,
0.7040771245956421,
-0.08834075927734375,
0.10471191257238388,
-0.1101226806640625,
-0.525341808795929,
-0.3555908203125,
0.008442687802016735,
0.36918944120407104,
0.38764649629592896,
-0.05455207824707031,
0.008297729305922985,
0.63916015625,
0.22666016221046448,
0.011363184079527855,
-0.07519836723804474,
-0.3937744200229645,
0.18497315049171448,
0.17971190810203552,
-0.19324035942554474,
-0.21356812119483948,
-0.067835234105587,
0.006457519717514515,
-0.2539001405239105,
0.03405780717730522,
-0.35142213106155396,
-0.11954345554113388,
0.10251159965991974,
0.10276965796947479,
0.12613829970359802,
0.3463378846645355,
0.13936614990234375,
0.33671873807907104,
0.4000000059604645,
0.2720580995082855,
4.059374809265137,
0.2615722715854645,
0.06109466403722763,
-0.03784484788775444,
0.0284271240234375,
0.03361034393310547,
0.5580078363418579,
-0.04429326206445694,
-0.2657836973667145,
0.211151123046875,
0.09661712497472763,
-0.027393531054258347,
-0.20592041313648224,
0.35358887910842896,
-0.280517578125,
0.592480480670929,
0.36613768339157104,
0.261138916015625,
0.08257293701171875,
-0.03808460384607315,
-0.31895750761032104,
0.20653991401195526,
0.29149168729782104,
0.621386706829071,
0.556347668170929,
0.31444090604782104,
0.05850858613848686,
0.0795745849609375,
0.1546371430158615,
0.10514984279870987,
0.19545745849609375,
0.31181639432907104,
0.16559143364429474,
0.13459166884422302,
-0.5466064214706421,
0.13087157905101776,
0.667285144329071,
0.29481202363967896,
0.202911376953125,
-0.10236816108226776,
-0.3839355409145355,
-0.03946990892291069,
-0.45659178495407104,
0.902392566204071,
0.046393297612667084,
0.005089187528938055,
0.02872619591653347,
0.3623290956020355,
0.0036086321342736483,
0.23929443955421448,
0.3287597596645355,
-0.10347366333007812,
-0.2013557404279709,
0.11566162109375,
0.1243438720703125,
0.3435302674770355,
0.22997435927391052,
-0.17337647080421448,
0.3135009706020355,
-0.299713134765625,
-0.33146971464157104,
-0.07478713989257812,
0.21751098334789276,
0.02916412428021431,
-0.36308592557907104,
0.05478363111615181,
0.2906619906425476,
0.38142091035842896,
0.037279509007930756,
0.02865753136575222,
0.05985736846923828,
0.318603515625,
0.28852540254592896,
-0.5848633050918579,
0.16268691420555115,
-0.02393627166748047,
-0.3518310487270355,
-0.13112182915210724,
0.3589111268520355,
0.03928499296307564,
0.4502807557582855,
-0.16530151665210724,
-0.107030488550663,
0.2696289122104645,
-0.267333984375,
0.640332043170929,
-0.236602783203125,
-0.23651123046875,
0.30036622285842896,
0.10860137641429901,
-0.033129118382930756,
0.22794227302074432,
0.3174804747104645,
0.2905334532260895,
0.16817016899585724,
0.17799988389015198,
0.39790040254592896,
-3.9878907203674316,
-0.08103485405445099,
0.06542358547449112,
-0.5660400390625,
0.13978424668312073,
-0.58740234375,
0.23211669921875,
0.1203765869140625,
-0.0095977783203125,
-0.20875854790210724,
-0.32550048828125,
0.2731689512729645,
0.021111488342285156,
0.28098756074905396,
0.13045653700828552,
0.08861694484949112,
-0.06063690036535263,
0.2220458984375,
0.2974853515625,
-0.10791321098804474,
-0.18906250596046448,
0.644726574420929,
0.558764636516571,
0.03742828220129013,
-0.0027845383156090975,
-0.19649048149585724,
0.3322204649448395,
-0.250732421875,
0.4564453065395355,
0.00220909109339118,
0.258941650390625,
0.20310668647289276,
0.647509753704071,
-0.20177002251148224,
0.08811797946691513,
0.4055725038051605,
0.264495849609375,
-0.0451812744140625,
-0.03194122388958931,
0.6080077886581421,
-0.10288848727941513,
0.17986945807933807,
0.35920411348342896,
0.35888671875,
0.3452392518520355,
0.4413085877895355,
-0.2854858338832855,
0.05707702785730362,
-0.011296081356704235,
-0.15359802544116974,
0.7284179925918579,
0.37495118379592896,
-0.05503387376666069,
0.17390403151512146,
0.19412842392921448,
-0.14163246750831604,
-0.43964844942092896,
0.01718292199075222,
0.0685272216796875,
0.23942260444164276,
0.05517883226275444,
-0.543261706829071,
0.06776809692382812,
-0.021889496594667435,
0.1276596039533615,
0.08739814907312393,
-0.20198364555835724,
0.19041137397289276,
0.13602295517921448,
-0.3821853697299957,
0.29060059785842896,
-0.1582382172346115,
0.0602874755859375,
0.40544432401657104,
0.21246032416820526,
0.238494873046875,
0.07880754768848419,
-0.158905029296875,
0.44517821073532104,
0.5171142816543579,
-0.11035766452550888,
0.12561646103858948,
-0.4570068418979645,
0.23973998427391052,
2.231738328933716,
0.2974853515625,
2.1905274391174316,
0.16805800795555115,
0.09349670261144638,
0.3315673768520355,
-0.15946654975414276,
-0.015404606238007545,
0.25346678495407104,
-0.04385681077837944,
-0.025798797607421875,
0.34161072969436646,
0.13283081352710724,
0.22499389946460724,
-0.03106384351849556,
-0.1900634765625,
0.11931915581226349,
-0.38449400663375854,
0.04861927032470703,
-0.07041320949792862,
0.2605224549770355,
-0.0761844664812088,
-0.2641845643520355,
-0.16116181015968323,
0.49311524629592896,
-0.08828582614660263,
-0.12137527763843536,
0.05698127672076225,
0.23111572861671448,
-0.686352550983429,
-0.29448240995407104,
-0.16423949599266052,
0.3892578184604645,
0.01250457763671875,
-0.10596084594726562,
-0.1354415863752365,
-0.17180785536766052,
4.736718654632568,
0.03516676276922226,
0.19200439751148224,
-0.044414520263671875,
0.12351913750171661,
0.345999151468277,
0.05332488939166069,
-0.2148086577653885,
-0.044104766100645065,
0.24213866889476776,
0.21767577528953552,
0.19378814101219177,
-0.008548164740204811,
-0.2762451171875,
0.179718017578125,
0.39277344942092896,
-0.1388397216796875,
-0.025757789611816406,
-0.10165710747241974,
0.0733642578125,
0.015142440795898438,
0.026040267199277878,
-0.012126159854233265,
-0.15639343857765198,
0.02407226525247097,
0.17327269911766052,
0.5646728277206421,
0.29564207792282104,
-0.08953247219324112,
0.665454089641571,
0.04155426099896431,
5.475390434265137,
0.34019774198532104,
0.344482421875,
-0.203582763671875,
0.1537834107875824,
0.4522460997104645,
-0.3843017518520355,
-0.17856749892234802,
-0.7583984136581421,
-0.14829711616039276,
-0.21535034477710724,
0.20123596489429474,
-0.1208290085196495,
-0.18990477919578552,
-0.025144577026367188,
-0.11006774753332138,
-0.206939697265625,
-0.01206207275390625,
0.19933930039405823,
-0.05676605552434921,
0.30424803495407104,
0.5682128667831421,
0.24003906548023224,
-0.15230712294578552,
0.05161743238568306,
-0.19603881239891052,
-0.01640624925494194,
0.3061370849609375,
-0.06570281833410263,
-0.18178100883960724,
0.27142333984375,
0.11618957668542862,
-0.32806396484375,
0.23514556884765625,
-0.5280517339706421,
0.3197265565395355,
-0.06435451656579971,
0.29058837890625,
0.37578123807907104,
-0.01471710205078125,
0.4154296815395355,
0.46931153535842896,
-0.0370304100215435,
-0.1599678099155426,
-0.10205688327550888,
0.189910888671875,
-0.14472655951976776,
0.06418152153491974,
-0.09503402560949326,
-0.026685142889618874,
-0.19595642387866974,
-0.00023345947556663305,
1.095312476158142,
-0.11632080376148224,
0.0030830383766442537,
0.558642566204071,
-0.0963476151227951,
0.023822594434022903,
0.3235717713832855,
-0.7110351324081421,
0.17120361328125,
0.10267486423254013,
0.16066893935203552,
0.5008544921875,
0.24083861708641052,
0.24775390326976776,
-0.036847688257694244,
0.02757282182574272,
0.4228759706020355,
-0.14071044325828552,
-0.05303955078125,
0.027988433837890625,
0.10929374396800995,
0.6368408203125,
-0.475485235452652,
-0.20885582268238068,
0.09960708767175674,
-0.12366332858800888,
-0.02005767822265625,
0.4088501036167145,
0.06804656982421875,
-0.184906005859375,
-0.08455963432788849,
0.25336915254592896,
-0.08647308498620987,
-0.02626647986471653,
-0.11745929718017578,
-0.19330081343650818,
0.48198240995407104,
0.4747558534145355,
0.4740234315395355,
0.05228576809167862,
-0.16530151665210724,
0.41953736543655396,
0.02981872484087944,
0.31401365995407104,
-0.07230186462402344,
0.3089965879917145,
0.1287752091884613,
0.1299087554216385,
-0.43269652128219604,
0.031156349927186966,
0.1535186767578125,
0.047119904309511185,
0.3050293028354645,
-0.035186767578125,
-0.12140502780675888,
-0.116754911839962,
-0.17683105170726776,
-0.22243042290210724,
0.3432983458042145,
0.11047973483800888,
-0.33900147676467896,
0.10635757446289062,
0.18502196669578552
] |
56 | When were the Gallic Wars? | [
{
"docid": "143229#0",
"text": "The Gallic Wars were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar against several Gallic tribes. Rome's war against the Gallic tribes lasted from 58 BC to 50 BC and culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC, in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion of the Roman Republic over the whole of Gaul (mainly present-day France and Belgium). While militarily just as strong as the Romans, the internal division between the Gallic tribes helped ease victory for Caesar, and Vercingetorix's attempt to unite the Gauls against Roman invasion came too late. The wars paved the way for Julius Caesar to become the sole ruler of the Roman Republic.",
"title": "Gallic Wars"
},
{
"docid": "391164#4",
"text": "Caesar engaged in the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), which led to his conquest of Gaul beyond Gallia Narbonensis. When the Helvetii, a federation of tribes from what is now Switzerland, planned a migration to the Atlantic coast through Gaul, Caesar went to Geneva and forbade the Helvetii to move into Gaul. While he went to Gallia Cisalpina to collect three other legions, the Helvetii attacked the territories of the Aedui, Ambarri, and Allobroges, three Gallic tribes, which called for Caesar’s help. Caesar and his Gallic allies defeated the Helvetii. The Gallic tribes then asked for Caesar to intervene against an invasion by the Suebi, a Germanic tribe. Caesar defeated the Suebi. In 57 BC he intervened in intra-Gallic conflicts and marched on the Belgae of northern Gaul. From then on he conquered the Gallic peoples one by one. His successes in Gaul brought Caesar political prestige in Rome and great wealth through the spoils of wars and the sale of war captives as slaves.",
"title": "Battle of Alesia"
},
{
"docid": "8824675#10",
"text": "The \"Gallic Wars\" were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar against Gallic tribes, lasting from 58 BC to 51 BC. The Romans would also raid Britannia and Germania, but these expeditions never developed into full-scale invasions. The Gallic Wars culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC, in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion of the Roman Republic over the whole of Gaul. The wars paved the way for Caesar to become the sole ruler of the Roman Republic.",
"title": "Celtic warfare"
},
{
"docid": "28933941#0",
"text": "The military campaigns of Julius Caesar constituted both the Gallic War (58 BC-51 BC) and Caesar's civil war (50 BC-45BC) in 59 BC, which had been highly controversial. The Gallic War mainly took place in what is now France. In 55 and 54 BC, he invaded Britain, although he made little headway. The Gallic War ended with complete Roman victory at the Battle of Alesia. This was followed by the civil war, during which time Caesar chased his rivals to Greece, decisively defeating them there. He then went to Egypt, where he defeated the Egyptian pharaoh and put Cleopatra on the throne. He then finished off his Roman opponents in Africa and Hispania. Once his campaigns were over, he served as Roman dictator until his assassination root on March 15, 44 BC. These wars were critically important in the transition of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.",
"title": "Military campaigns of Julius Caesar"
},
{
"docid": "22235155#15",
"text": "In 58 BC Julius Caesar launched the Gallic Wars and had conquered the whole of Gaul by 51 BC. He noted that the Gauls (Celtae) were one of the three primary peoples in the area, along with the Aquitanians and the Belgae. Caesar's motivation for the invasion seems to have been his need for gold to pay off his debts and for a successful military expedition to boost his political career. The people of Gaul could provide him with both. So much gold was looted from Gaul that after the war the price of gold fell by as much as 20%. While they were militarily just as brave as the Romans, the internal division between the Gallic tribes guaranteed an easy victory for Caesar, and Vercingetorix's attempt to unite the Gauls against Roman invasion came too late. After the annexation of Gaul a mixed Gallo-Roman culture began to emerge.",
"title": "Gauls"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "867792#47",
"text": "The Gallic sack led to a long-lasting and profound fear of the Gauls in Rome. In 350 and 349 BC, unspecified Gauls attacked Latium. They were probably marauding raids. On the second occasion, Marcus Valerius Corvus was said to have fought a duel with a Gallic champion. Polybius said that Rome made a peace with the Gauls, who did not return for 30 years. Despite Rome defeating the Senones in the Battle of Sentinum (295) during the Third Samnite War (298-290), popular fear of the Gauls persisted. In 228, 216, and 114 fears of Gallic attacks led to the Romans performing human sacrifices by burying alive a pair of Gauls and a pair of Greeks even though human sacrifice was not a Roman custom. Presumably, that was to avert the danger of Gallic disaster.",
"title": "Battle of the Allia"
},
{
"docid": "391164#19",
"text": "Alesia proved to be the end of generalized and organized resistance against Caesar's invasion of Gaul and effectively marked the end of the Gallic Wars. In the next year (50 BC) there were mopping-up operations. During the Roman civil wars Gallia was essentially left on its own. Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa became its first governor in 39–38 BC. In 39 BC he settled the Ubians on the west bank of the River Rhine and in 38 BC he suppressed a rebellion in Aquitania. He built a radial network of roads centred on the Gallic capital, Lugdunum (Lyon). Gallia was divided into three Roman provinces; Gallia Aquitania, Gallia Lugdununensis and Gallia Belgica. Only the Arverni kept their independence thanks to their victory against Caesar at the Battle of Gergovia.",
"title": "Battle of Alesia"
},
{
"docid": "22235155#1",
"text": "The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BC as the bearers of the La Tène culture north of the Alps (spread across the lands between the Seine, Middle Rhine and upper Elbe). By the 4th century BC, they spread over much of what is now France, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Southern Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia by virtue of controlling the trade routes along the river systems of the Rhône, Seine, Rhine, and Danube, and they quickly expanded into Northern Italy, the Balkans, Transylvania and Galatia. Gaul was never united under a single ruler or government, but the Gallic tribes were \ncapable of uniting their forces in large-scale military operations. They reached the peak of their power in the early 3rd century BC.\nThe rising Roman Republic after the end of the First Punic War increasingly put pressure on the Gallic sphere of influence; the Battle of Telamon of 225 BC heralded a gradual decline of Gallic power over the 2nd century, until the eventual conquest of Gaul in the Gallic Wars of the 50s BC. \nAfter this, Gaul became a province of the Roman Empire, and the Gauls were ethnically and culturally largely assimilated into Latin (Roman settlers) majority, losing their tribal identities by the end of the 1st century AD.",
"title": "Gauls"
},
{
"docid": "143229#32",
"text": "Discontent among the subjugated Gauls prompted a major uprising in the winter of 54–53 BC, when the Eburones of north-eastern Gaul rose in arms under their leader Ambiorix. Fifteen Roman cohorts were wiped out at Atuatuca Tungrorum (modern Tongeren in Belgium) and a garrison commanded by Quintus Tullius Cicero narrowly survived after being relieved by Caesar in the nick of time. The rest of 53 BC was occupied with a punitive campaign against the Eburones and their allies, who were said to have been all but exterminated by the Romans.",
"title": "Gallic Wars"
},
{
"docid": "32794#9",
"text": "At various locations described by Vitruvius, battles and sieges occurred. He is the only source for the siege of Larignum in 56 BC. Of the battlegrounds of the Gallic War there are references to: the siege and massacre of the 40,000 residents at Avaricum in 52 BC; Vercingetorix commented that \"the Romans did not conquer by valor nor in the field, but by a kind of art and skill in assault, with which they [Gauls] themselves were unacquainted.\" The broken siege at Gergovia in 52 BC. The circumvallation and Battle of Alesia in 52 BC; the women and children of the encircled city were evicted to conserve food, where they starved to death between the opposing walls of the defenders and besiegers. And the siege of Uxellodunum in 51 BC. These are all sieges of large Gallic \"oppida\". Of the sites involved in Caesar's civil war, we find the Siege of Massilia in 49 BC, the Battle of Dyrrhachium of 48 BC (modern Albania), the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC (Hellas – Greece), the Battle of Zela of 47 BC (modern Turkey) and the Battle of Thapsus in 46 BC in Caesar's African campaign. A legion that fits the same sequence of locations is the Legio VI Ferrata, of which \"ballista\" would be an auxiliary unit.",
"title": "Vitruvius"
}
] | [
0.0584445521235466,
0.2298380583524704,
-0.3623318076133728,
0.013432820327579975,
0.2170681357383728,
-0.1894463449716568,
0.5770941972732544,
-0.346923828125,
0.1139085590839386,
0.2806260883808136,
-0.3509589433670044,
-0.2867838442325592,
-0.2913140058517456,
0.044599320739507675,
-0.4224446713924408,
-0.0289467703551054,
0.4638671875,
-0.1894260048866272,
0.15447998046875,
0.4605034589767456,
-0.0792066752910614,
0.6195746660232544,
-0.1711018830537796,
-0.2617051899433136,
-0.1013776957988739,
0.1350640207529068,
0.1041887104511261,
0.4314236044883728,
-0.2005276083946228,
0.2485487163066864,
0.4797092080116272,
-0.3309461772441864,
-0.03101603128015995,
0.7128635048866272,
-0.1590186208486557,
0.17383575439453125,
-0.1962822824716568,
-0.3971896767616272,
-0.2700737714767456,
0.3127577006816864,
0.25250244140625,
-0.1487155556678772,
0.599853515625,
-0.0979342982172966,
0.3352932333946228,
-0.3530002236366272,
0.5610622763633728,
0.0264265276491642,
-0.2986246645450592,
0.4103597104549408,
-0.4107530415058136,
-0.21282958984375,
-0.2279730886220932,
0.0846167653799057,
-0.2139824777841568,
0.3714464008808136,
-0.1552022248506546,
0.6305338740348816,
0.18682438135147095,
0.1355319619178772,
-0.0133683942258358,
-0.1720021516084671,
-0.1518622487783432,
-0.06807708740234375,
-0.009624057449400425,
0.2078586220741272,
-0.1686062216758728,
0.0564422607421875,
-0.1902838796377182,
0.007860607467591763,
-0.10725900530815125,
0.2880181074142456,
0.4354383647441864,
0.1051127091050148,
-0.0241970494389534,
-0.4409722089767456,
-0.0403883196413517,
0.4506293535232544,
0.0858222097158432,
-0.3439670205116272,
0.7333441972732544,
-0.2993842363357544,
-0.0789388045668602,
0.0666317418217659,
0.1540137380361557,
0.4267849326133728,
-0.06242391839623451,
0.2670016884803772,
0.1225145161151886,
0.6991102695465088,
0.09846581518650055,
-0.159210205078125,
-0.1686674803495407,
-0.2770046591758728,
0.1330634206533432,
0.2144402414560318,
0.2509697675704956,
-0.3506334125995636,
0.033274754881858826,
-0.1998426616191864,
0.1389634907245636,
-0.3641493022441864,
0.0586615651845932,
0.48681640625,
0.3516710102558136,
-0.3533393144607544,
-0.3167894184589386,
-0.0944044291973114,
0.4084337055683136,
0.2740342915058136,
-0.026109006255865097,
-0.387939453125,
-0.2316623330116272,
0.12560568749904633,
0.0665740966796875,
0.0044886269606649876,
0.4962565004825592,
-0.3159450888633728,
-0.4706217348575592,
-0.8449978232383728,
0.2454833984375,
0.4294704794883728,
-0.2818603515625,
0.10422632098197937,
0.0020853679161518812,
-0.2288428395986557,
0.4492458701133728,
-0.3363851010799408,
0.5445692539215088,
0.6357964277267456,
0.1476643830537796,
0.2446560263633728,
0.2363756000995636,
0.4817708432674408,
0.6054145097732544,
0.1158854141831398,
-0.1073862686753273,
-0.1491326242685318,
-0.4136013388633728,
-0.0894351527094841,
-0.0753309428691864,
0.1826307475566864,
0.2834337055683136,
0.5296494960784912,
0.1731363981962204,
0.2747124433517456,
0.19622802734375,
0.2471516877412796,
0.1172214075922966,
0.1932712197303772,
0.2665913999080658,
0.5456271767616272,
-0.2733086347579956,
0.1846788227558136,
-0.0949876606464386,
0.3387889862060547,
0.5996364951133728,
0.2469753623008728,
0.08721020817756653,
0.4598524272441864,
0.7327473759651184,
0.2874009907245636,
0.2990587055683136,
0.0677998885512352,
0.0971866175532341,
0.18877559900283813,
-0.1207139790058136,
0.4235433042049408,
0.6454535722732544,
-0.0904134139418602,
-0.2294650673866272,
-0.0426228828728199,
0.2489861398935318,
-0.1714274138212204,
0.012584473937749863,
0.089752197265625,
0.0678304061293602,
-0.04042816162109375,
-0.02374691516160965,
-0.4127604067325592,
0.3790147602558136,
0.2633938193321228,
0.1634623259305954,
0.1151784285902977,
0.5403374433517456,
0.255859375,
0.1469997763633728,
-0.02688005194067955,
-0.2424180805683136,
0.1211785227060318,
0.1666327565908432,
0.1836785227060318,
0.4814995527267456,
-0.2127312570810318,
0.1456061452627182,
0.11055755615234375,
-0.6145833134651184,
-0.1113501638174057,
-0.3712293803691864,
0.08709759265184402,
-0.10001479089260101,
-0.1505126953125,
-0.3862169086933136,
0.1345943808555603,
0.4237196147441864,
-0.4311947226524353,
-0.1783718466758728,
0.018096923828125,
-0.2812364399433136,
-0.15679390728473663,
0.0171084925532341,
-0.011852688156068325,
0.5316298007965088,
0.4844292402267456,
0.0715450718998909,
0.4654676616191864,
-0.085479736328125,
0.2052646279335022,
0.4364878237247467,
0.0534549281001091,
-0.3066541850566864,
0.08893966674804688,
-0.3964165449142456,
-0.4148898720741272,
0.2113444060087204,
-0.2033793181180954,
-0.1307915598154068,
-0.3931070864200592,
0.1858147531747818,
0.3013916015625,
0.1652866005897522,
0.13140869140625,
-0.0005476209917105734,
-0.3579372763633728,
-0.02355194091796875,
0.01900397427380085,
0.2453138530254364,
-0.2322591096162796,
-0.4085015058517456,
0.1913062185049057,
0.6665581464767456,
0.1539442241191864,
-0.1968994140625,
-0.11479271948337555,
0.5475531816482544,
-0.1552022248506546,
0.0965762659907341,
0.1482645720243454,
-0.2620849609375,
-0.1334296315908432,
0.0015720791416242719,
-0.04085032269358635,
0.06295352429151535,
0.3804253339767456,
-0.2656385600566864,
0.1512858122587204,
0.2692057192325592,
-0.3310818076133728,
-0.0972188338637352,
0.2428385466337204,
0.4709201455116272,
0.4689127504825592,
0.1846449077129364,
0.2421061247587204,
-0.3305528461933136,
0.1590779572725296,
0.1118876114487648,
0.3781467080116272,
-0.1549818217754364,
-0.0736762136220932,
0.4857042133808136,
-0.1805691123008728,
0.1101616770029068,
0.4909735918045044,
-0.1790500283241272,
0.060303159058094025,
0.4105631411075592,
0.2849205732345581,
-0.1745266318321228,
-0.0374552421271801,
0.1820136159658432,
0.0329996757209301,
-0.101287841796875,
-0.25788456201553345,
0.36767578125,
0.319091796875,
-0.2165798544883728,
-0.1511467844247818,
0.01657613180577755,
0.0805291086435318,
0.1908501535654068,
0.3082682192325592,
0.0815327987074852,
-0.276123046875,
-0.1413845419883728,
0.16084960103034973,
-0.15184126794338226,
0.3030327558517456,
0.2405870258808136,
-0.2607150673866272,
0.2443678081035614,
-0.4110514223575592,
0.22780673205852509,
0.0725674107670784,
0.0978902205824852,
0.0621541328728199,
0.16391372680664062,
0.05593808367848396,
0.02281867153942585,
0.13557158410549164,
0.68994140625,
-0.5686848759651184,
0.07202741503715515,
0.2450493723154068,
0.1432715505361557,
0.7543402910232544,
0.1252339631319046,
0.12099117785692215,
0.1008504256606102,
0.2373182475566864,
-0.11142966151237488,
0.0751953125,
-0.2897406816482544,
-0.04831526055932045,
0.2859700620174408,
-0.3581746518611908,
0.2210828959941864,
-0.3768988847732544,
0.5997178554534912,
0.17132684588432312,
0.3505689799785614,
0.3050130307674408,
-0.01778496615588665,
0.07299889624118805,
0.2742919921875,
0.1841769814491272,
0.1309848427772522,
0.26800537109375,
-0.0594770647585392,
-0.4499579668045044,
0.1477254182100296,
-0.0357140451669693,
-0.011237885802984238,
0.1691826730966568,
0.0445743128657341,
0.1551310271024704,
0.11837005615234375,
0.021087646484375,
0.2011650949716568,
0.16130192577838898,
0.25946044921875,
0.0510881207883358,
0.1411709189414978,
0.2827284038066864,
0.052318572998046875,
0.1610107421875,
0.2558390200138092,
0.4559461772441864,
0.03852420300245285,
-0.2262437641620636,
0.1466708779335022,
0.2483723908662796,
0.2189975380897522,
0.2078654021024704,
0.2447509765625,
0.04237280786037445,
0.2956136167049408,
-0.3090955913066864,
0.13742870092391968,
0.1632283478975296,
0.23583984375,
-0.17283926904201508,
0.1963314414024353,
0.0623643659055233,
-0.3927951455116272,
-0.0244479700922966,
-0.0003594292502384633,
0.1742824912071228,
0.3173421323299408,
0.2220391184091568,
0.4145372211933136,
0.5278862714767456,
0.0181545689702034,
0.008291032165288925,
-0.2387559711933136,
-0.3278130292892456,
0.25266900658607483,
0.1212921142578125,
0.1368137001991272,
-0.1634657084941864,
0.6858723759651184,
-0.1842312216758728,
-0.0977625846862793,
-0.7203776240348816,
-0.2912326455116272,
-0.03993818536400795,
0.08834414929151535,
0.1488783061504364,
0.1426595002412796,
-0.4364963173866272,
-0.1934712678194046,
0.6120334267616272,
0.3246527910232544,
0.2885877788066864,
4.20399284362793,
0.028497695922851562,
0.2219000905752182,
-0.09185949712991714,
-0.1919284462928772,
0.05888281762599945,
0.4822862446308136,
0.0164667759090662,
0.2694498598575592,
-0.017771191895008087,
-0.0780656635761261,
0.1716783344745636,
0.1330837607383728,
0.05427275598049164,
0.1286655068397522,
0.1106041818857193,
0.2686089277267456,
-0.06924735009670258,
0.3366428017616272,
0.2798258364200592,
-0.1582438200712204,
0.5136176347732544,
0.34832763671875,
0.5221083164215088,
0.2353786826133728,
-0.2642686665058136,
-0.10119543969631195,
-0.1873440146446228,
0.4335395097732544,
0.2345920205116272,
0.4025607705116272,
0.00973468367010355,
0.3323194682598114,
0.1857706755399704,
-0.443115234375,
-0.2606404721736908,
0.5475260615348816,
0.2180989533662796,
0.1977640837430954,
0.2425401508808136,
-0.0307337436825037,
0.0310024693608284,
0.6617567539215088,
0.3113606870174408,
0.18894703686237335,
-0.2649332582950592,
-0.007220798172056675,
0.2370741069316864,
-0.1094224750995636,
-0.1697930246591568,
0.080535888671875,
-0.19769287109375,
-0.2300618439912796,
0.1156294047832489,
-0.004795498214662075,
0.4937337338924408,
0.4532606303691864,
0.7216796875,
0.04482269287109375,
0.1617329865694046,
-0.10033925622701645,
-0.3431125283241272,
0.308837890625,
-0.0349154993891716,
-0.3644748330116272,
0.1587015837430954,
-0.25091552734375,
0.1630181223154068,
0.5390082597732544,
0.14859792590141296,
0.3777397871017456,
0.3373481035232544,
0.565673828125,
-0.1913994699716568,
-0.2453477680683136,
0.0215572789311409,
-0.0616421177983284,
0.1674160361289978,
0.2180853933095932,
-0.1911349892616272,
0.3587019145488739,
-0.2119208425283432,
0.2798936665058136,
0.0266231968998909,
0.07106415182352066,
0.5092231035232544,
0.1039360910654068,
-0.3014322817325592,
0.3300238847732544,
-0.01367865689098835,
0.2694498598575592,
-0.2913004457950592,
0.2957628071308136,
0.2740207314491272,
0.4077419638633728,
-0.0678117573261261,
-0.2505764365196228,
-4.059027671813965,
0.2788221538066864,
0.18450927734375,
-0.2355143278837204,
0.1815999299287796,
0.07211727648973465,
0.1741197407245636,
-0.003634982742369175,
-0.1863199919462204,
0.0219302698969841,
0.3631862998008728,
0.3331570029258728,
-0.24884033203125,
0.6764323115348816,
0.2296345978975296,
0.1429884135723114,
-0.0823906809091568,
0.10338910669088364,
0.6307780146598816,
-0.03536563366651535,
0.1742587685585022,
-0.2178005576133728,
0.4743381142616272,
-0.18180423974990845,
0.08598306775093079,
-0.087738037109375,
0.19685067236423492,
-0.0204349085688591,
0.2149556428194046,
0.273681640625,
-0.04175737127661705,
0.1289876252412796,
0.6872829794883728,
-0.2438151091337204,
0.0792524516582489,
0.5087077021598816,
-0.07779397070407867,
-0.020765092223882675,
0.6565755009651184,
-0.020891189575195312,
-0.0028389825019985437,
0.00798712857067585,
0.2011803537607193,
0.1677720844745636,
0.1783176064491272,
0.1516893208026886,
-0.1267666220664978,
0.3139106035232544,
-0.2298787385225296,
0.07684516906738281,
0.1987508088350296,
0.1822102814912796,
-0.2329372763633728,
-0.0196550153195858,
0.3572319746017456,
0.2393425852060318,
0.1854366660118103,
-0.1085069477558136,
0.2227206826210022,
0.1788974404335022,
0.3006659746170044,
0.0938585102558136,
0.2370062917470932,
0.182586669921875,
0.4785698652267456,
0.07825395464897156,
-0.07883580774068832,
0.2425130158662796,
0.144195556640625,
-0.3478597104549408,
-0.0284542515873909,
0.0877889022231102,
0.0435045026242733,
0.1955837607383728,
0.018771065399050713,
0.3682183027267456,
0.05215941369533539,
-0.02217610739171505,
0.5554741621017456,
0.2427910715341568,
-0.0813022181391716,
0.1725328266620636,
-0.3949652910232544,
0.4465874433517456,
2.269097328186035,
0.2533704936504364,
2.234808921813965,
0.4337836503982544,
0.14363691210746765,
0.4944118857383728,
-0.23063574731349945,
0.1728244423866272,
0.0559980608522892,
0.095001220703125,
-0.1898735910654068,
0.0943264439702034,
0.1620212197303772,
0.2711012065410614,
0.0501708984375,
-0.0814259871840477,
0.2460394948720932,
-1.0578885078430176,
0.4337836503982544,
-0.4706488847732544,
0.1160753071308136,
-0.0713433176279068,
-0.3717447817325592,
0.16179826855659485,
0.5868055820465088,
-0.0254364013671875,
-0.3365342915058136,
0.6211751103401184,
-0.0039825439453125,
-0.0551723912358284,
-0.1153462752699852,
-0.1457417756319046,
0.8143446445465088,
-0.0954691544175148,
-0.05348141863942146,
0.1282145231962204,
0.057186976075172424,
4.64930534362793,
0.11682510375976562,
-0.2090589702129364,
0.0707482248544693,
0.1940256804227829,
0.4034830629825592,
0.4052734375,
-0.1726887971162796,
0.0972883403301239,
-0.2179768830537796,
0.5068359375,
0.1139577254652977,
0.0998975932598114,
-0.2999403178691864,
0.3289659321308136,
0.0086966622620821,
0.1224907785654068,
0.0837063267827034,
0.1212005615234375,
0.2720404863357544,
0.05829896032810211,
0.1382208913564682,
0.1585964560508728,
-0.0575968436896801,
0.11224365234375,
-0.26685503125190735,
0.11079894006252289,
-0.1359320729970932,
-0.0333302803337574,
0.0530683733522892,
0.36474609375,
5.47743034362793,
0.3382161557674408,
-0.009432475082576275,
0.1575113981962204,
-0.2357720285654068,
0.2823079526424408,
-0.1558803915977478,
0.2008802592754364,
-0.3764919638633728,
-0.0976036936044693,
0.1174655482172966,
-0.0495673269033432,
-0.04981231689453125,
0.4107259213924408,
0.012499491684138775,
-0.03171730041503906,
-0.3535563051700592,
-0.2351413369178772,
0.5197211503982544,
-0.5206705927848816,
0.2736274003982544,
0.005115509033203125,
0.4814453125,
-0.3892618715763092,
-0.2150777131319046,
-0.0400153249502182,
0.1077677384018898,
0.1539832204580307,
-0.18377685546875,
0.04528723657131195,
0.4144965410232544,
0.3701307475566864,
-0.3426242470741272,
0.2185194194316864,
-0.3185492753982544,
0.24114990234375,
0.026421017944812775,
0.1272922158241272,
0.049547407776117325,
-0.5477159023284912,
0.2223290354013443,
0.7882487177848816,
0.056820765137672424,
0.2723051607608795,
-0.5541178584098816,
0.1094885915517807,
0.03033023327589035,
-0.3176676332950592,
-0.034946441650390625,
-0.0969255268573761,
0.4832356870174408,
-0.32574462890625,
1.1558701992034912,
0.0050642224960029125,
-0.0077412924729287624,
0.2482096403837204,
0.0309609305113554,
0.1573486328125,
-0.1327684223651886,
-0.2560221254825592,
0.1764238178730011,
0.0275141391903162,
-0.061737060546875,
0.019542694091796875,
0.2274441123008728,
0.1090223491191864,
0.0311448834836483,
-0.2159966379404068,
0.7482638955116272,
-0.5751410722732544,
0.362060546875,
0.372314453125,
-0.07794782519340515,
0.091949462890625,
0.1061503067612648,
0.1113399937748909,
-0.0448065847158432,
-0.2331407368183136,
0.2308349609375,
-0.03038957342505455,
-0.015438079833984375,
-0.2624782919883728,
-0.3733724057674408,
-0.0988583043217659,
-0.1765543669462204,
0.11321936547756195,
-0.1133829727768898,
0.022567324340343475,
0.2410040944814682,
0.1902804970741272,
0.3289523720741272,
-0.0271945521235466,
-0.04021792858839035,
0.4918619692325592,
0.007617950439453125,
0.3135579526424408,
0.4354926347732544,
0.2919786274433136,
-0.02205573208630085,
0.1242641881108284,
0.0026173060759902,
0.2574191689491272,
-0.2411736398935318,
-0.17425537109375,
0.2222357839345932,
-0.012003898620605469,
-0.007705052848905325,
0.0018903943710029125,
0.2677341103553772,
0.2435980886220932,
0.4228786826133728,
0.502197265625,
0.1005452498793602,
-0.1929524689912796,
0.0844692662358284
] |
58 | When did Michelangelo create the David? | [
{
"docid": "36684#0",
"text": "David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist Michelangelo. \"David\" is a marble statue of a standing male nude. The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence.",
"title": "David (Michelangelo)"
},
{
"docid": "21019#11",
"text": "Michelangelo returned to Florence in 1499. The republic was changing after the fall of its leader, anti-Renaissance priest Girolamo Savonarola, who was executed in 1498, and the rise of the \"gonfaloniere\" Piero Soderini. Michelangelo was asked by the consuls of the Guild of Wool to complete an unfinished project begun 40 years earlier by Agostino di Duccio: a colossal statue of Carrara marble portraying David as a symbol of Florentine freedom to be placed on the gable of Florence Cathedral. Michelangelo responded by completing his most famous work, the statue of David, in 1504. The masterwork definitively established his prominence as a sculptor of extraordinary technical skill and strength of symbolic imagination. A team of consultants, including Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci, was called together to decide upon its placement, ultimately the Piazza della Signoria, in front of the Palazzo Vecchio. It now stands in the Academia while a replica occupies its place in the square.",
"title": "Michelangelo"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "34444994#0",
"text": "David (inspired by Michelangelo) is a sculpture by Turkish conceptual artist Serkan Özkaya. It is a reproduction of Michelangelo's \"David\" made of gold-painted foam, twice the size of the original, and based on a computer model by Stanford University professor Marc Levoy. It was originally created for the 9th International Istanbul Biennial in 2005, and took six people six months to build, but it collapsed during installation.",
"title": "David (inspired by Michelangelo)"
},
{
"docid": "5399781#3",
"text": "In 1504 Leonardo da Vinci was given the commission by gonfaloniere Piero Soderini, a contract signed by Niccolò Machiavelli, to decorate the Hall of Five Hundred. At the same time his rival Michelangelo, who had just finished his \"David\", was designated the opposite wall. This was the only time that Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo worked together on the same project. The painting of Michelangelo depicted an episode from the Battle of Cascina, when a group of bathing soldiers was surprised by the enemy. However Michelangelo did not stay in Florence long enough to complete the project. He was able to finish his cartoon, but only began the painting. He was invited back to Rome in 1505 by the newly appointed Pope Julius II and was commissioned to build the Pope's tomb.",
"title": "The Battle of Anghiari (Leonardo da Vinci)"
},
{
"docid": "36684#18",
"text": "\"David\" has stood on display at Florence's Galleria dell'Accademia since 1873. In addition to the full-sized replica occupying the spot of the original in front of the Palazzo Vecchio, a bronze version overlooks Florence from the Piazzale Michelangelo. The plaster cast of \"David\" at the Victoria and Albert Museum has a detachable plaster fig leaf which is displayed nearby. Legend claims that the fig leaf was created in response to Queen Victoria's shock upon first viewing the statue's nudity, and was hung on the figure prior to royal visits, using two strategically placed hooks.",
"title": "David (Michelangelo)"
},
{
"docid": "36684#13",
"text": "It is possible that the \"David\" was conceived as a political statue before Michelangelo began to work on it. Certainly David the giant-killer had long been seen as a political figure in Florence, and images of the Biblical hero already carried political implications there. Donatello's bronze \"David,\" made for the Medici family, perhaps 1440, had been appropriated by the Signoria in 1494, when the Medici were exiled from Florence, and the statue was installed in the courtyard of the Palazzo della Signoria, where it stood for the Republican government of the city. By placing Michelangelo's statue in the same general location, the Florentine authorities ensured that \"David\" would be seen as a political parallel as well as an artistic response to that earlier work. These political overtones led to the statue being attacked twice in its early days. Protesters pelted it with stones the year it debuted, and, in 1527, an anti-Medici riot resulted in its left arm being broken into three pieces.",
"title": "David (Michelangelo)"
},
{
"docid": "1334703#4",
"text": "The Galleria dell'Accademia has housed the original \"David\" by Michelangelo since 1873. The sculpture was allegedly brought to the Accademia for reasons of conservation, although other factors were involved in its move from its previous outdoor location on Piazza della Signoria. The original intention was to create a 'Michelangelo museum', with original sculptures and drawings, to celebrate the fourth centenary of the artist's birth. Today, the gallery's small collection of Michelangelo's work includes his four unfinished \"Prisoners\", intended for the tomb of Pope Julius II, and a statue of Saint Matthew, also unfinished. In 1939, these were joined by a \"Pietà\" discovered in the Barberini chapel in Palestrina, though experts now consider its attribution to Michelangelo to be dubious.",
"title": "Galleria dell'Accademia"
},
{
"docid": "21019#12",
"text": "With the completion of the \"David\" came another commission. In early 1504 Leonardo da Vinci had been commissioned to paint \"The Battle of Anghiara\" in the council chamber of the Palazzo Vecchio, depicting the battle between Florence and Milan in 1440. Michelangelo was then commissioned to paint the \"Battle of Cascina\". The two paintings are very different: Leonardo depicts soldiers fighting on horseback, while Michelangelo has soldiers being ambushed as they bathe in the river. Neither work was completed and both were lost forever when the chamber was refurbished. Both works were much admired, and copies remain of them, Leonardo's work having been copied by Rubens and Michelangelo's by Bastiano da Sangallo.",
"title": "Michelangelo"
},
{
"docid": "34095023#4",
"text": "When Cosimo came into possession of the collection containing the most important statues of Michelangelo (the Bacchus or the Genius of Victory), the \"Apollo-David\" was placed in the Boboli Gardens, where it decorated a long niche of its amphitheater. In 1824 the statue was transported to the Uffizi, and later placed into the collection at the Bargello. Now it is in the National Gallery of Art Museum, part of the Renaissance wing complete with European paintings and sculptures.",
"title": "Apollo (Michelangelo)"
},
{
"docid": "26367526#22",
"text": "Michelangelo was born in Florence in 1475 and, like Leonardo, was a true Renaissance man. He was a sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. He was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime and, since then, one of the greatest artists of all time. His two best-known sculptures, the Pietà and David, are famous throughout the world. Michelangelo also created two of the most famous and influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis covering the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Chapel.",
"title": "Italophilia"
}
] | [
0.1514095664024353,
0.23326237499713898,
0.103302001953125,
0.1227349191904068,
0.2978057861328125,
-0.1342197060585022,
0.4442816972732544,
-0.2701822817325592,
0.1487969309091568,
0.3813747763633728,
-0.2512342631816864,
-0.4788547158241272,
-0.1982421875,
-0.2730577290058136,
-0.2679307758808136,
-0.0257585309445858,
0.4678276777267456,
0.4238552451133728,
-0.2277391254901886,
0.1183403879404068,
-0.04002634808421135,
0.6888563632965088,
-0.4578179121017456,
-0.1250830739736557,
-0.08853022009134293,
0.5094265341758728,
-0.2273627370595932,
0.3645833432674408,
-0.0471920445561409,
0.1777852326631546,
0.3398708701133728,
-0.3411458432674408,
0.0555097796022892,
0.5873209834098816,
-0.2820061445236206,
0.4015570878982544,
0.02320014126598835,
-0.1707221120595932,
-0.09467104077339172,
0.3048502504825592,
0.04882367327809334,
-0.0548739954829216,
0.3551160991191864,
-0.1484951376914978,
0.6410590410232544,
0.0941840261220932,
-0.10414239764213562,
-0.2396477609872818,
0.0324927419424057,
0.3906792402267456,
-0.3145616352558136,
-0.2592434287071228,
-0.3682183027267456,
-0.0576510950922966,
-0.41064453125,
0.63525390625,
-0.1409233957529068,
0.4125162661075592,
0.1601291298866272,
0.2967529296875,
-0.01458740234375,
-0.1114535853266716,
-0.3033277690410614,
0.1661800742149353,
0.1553768515586853,
-0.03617681562900543,
-0.017457537353038788,
0.3484157919883728,
0.7076280117034912,
0.1682942658662796,
0.08942583203315735,
0.5422092080116272,
0.7481553554534912,
-0.141754150390625,
0.15222083032131195,
-0.1637556254863739,
-0.2564222514629364,
-0.08505108952522278,
-0.0795389786362648,
0.0934176966547966,
0.7390950322151184,
-0.2510443925857544,
-0.10558149218559265,
0.1866048127412796,
-0.09236060082912445,
0.7112087607383728,
-0.1733296662569046,
0.3794080913066864,
0.3807508647441864,
0.6898871660232544,
0.2172987163066864,
0.3148261308670044,
0.2460869699716568,
-0.4875759482383728,
0.1137797012925148,
0.3769124448299408,
0.1350318044424057,
-0.4906141459941864,
0.08245263993740082,
-0.1979573518037796,
0.05329322814941406,
-0.3701985776424408,
-0.2953118085861206,
0.09554968774318695,
0.27685546875,
-0.3461642861366272,
-0.05897238478064537,
0.3113064169883728,
0.1357828825712204,
0.0420718714594841,
0.5684950351715088,
-0.1813422292470932,
-0.0456915944814682,
-0.2913258969783783,
0.3756917417049408,
-0.06910451501607895,
0.41389212012290955,
-0.2379014790058136,
0.0696818009018898,
-0.6505940556526184,
0.4000108540058136,
0.3405626118183136,
-0.21044921875,
0.07999081164598465,
0.05902567133307457,
-0.5005967617034912,
0.6275498867034912,
0.1612277626991272,
0.7633463740348816,
0.2905002236366272,
0.2164577841758728,
0.3303290605545044,
0.1854722797870636,
0.6276584267616272,
-0.15837901830673218,
0.1873914897441864,
0.2763468325138092,
-0.2414076030254364,
-0.0901760533452034,
-0.02623748779296875,
-0.2608100175857544,
-0.04296557232737541,
0.12805324792861938,
0.6846245527267456,
-0.0060158041305840015,
0.3280707597732544,
-0.057704076170921326,
0.2853597104549408,
0.27650949358940125,
0.484130859375,
0.3488667905330658,
0.4536607563495636,
-0.1640760600566864,
0.2195570170879364,
-0.1007758229970932,
0.2759365439414978,
0.7588433027267456,
0.2065700888633728,
-0.0375908762216568,
0.2313774973154068,
0.7731662392616272,
0.3123779296875,
0.1829698383808136,
-0.1913350373506546,
0.2046712189912796,
0.12782880663871765,
0.02354907989501953,
0.0363040491938591,
0.5057508945465088,
-0.1171298548579216,
-0.1771172434091568,
-0.1715681254863739,
0.4533420205116272,
-0.0772230327129364,
-0.0633409321308136,
0.08725780993700027,
-0.363525390625,
-0.06977929174900055,
-0.1313425749540329,
0.1196322962641716,
0.014327909797430038,
-0.0826178640127182,
0.2331678569316864,
-0.1295199990272522,
0.6297743320465088,
0.2353481650352478,
0.4607679545879364,
-0.3162129819393158,
-0.3856879472732544,
-0.07009914517402649,
0.2241414338350296,
-0.0397169329226017,
0.3140869140625,
0.1519877165555954,
-0.34130859375,
-0.0156589075922966,
0.01439581997692585,
0.1459113210439682,
-0.0796237513422966,
0.3772786557674408,
-0.4490119218826294,
0.0989888533949852,
-0.2811821699142456,
-0.0496537946164608,
0.4351128339767456,
-0.0969289168715477,
-0.1552327424287796,
-0.07652367651462555,
-0.4621039628982544,
0.1364644318819046,
-0.0977054163813591,
0.018206384032964706,
0.1880357563495636,
0.2646755576133728,
0.0083448626101017,
0.2494235634803772,
0.0921223983168602,
-0.0510423444211483,
0.4967176616191864,
0.0817159041762352,
-0.4053005576133728,
0.2634209394454956,
0.0381808802485466,
0.01311577670276165,
0.02077145129442215,
-0.3582899272441864,
-0.2731119692325592,
-0.3831651508808136,
0.0138308210298419,
0.4483506977558136,
0.3851453959941864,
0.29388427734375,
0.07573233544826508,
-0.3731553852558136,
0.17033487558364868,
0.4067654013633728,
0.24896240234375,
-0.2167426198720932,
0.1826968789100647,
0.21710205078125,
0.2184922993183136,
0.0820380300283432,
-0.2131754606962204,
0.1109517440199852,
0.2868923544883728,
-0.274169921875,
-0.2376302033662796,
0.1140272319316864,
-0.1886732280254364,
-0.2742784321308136,
0.03487396240234375,
-0.3462727963924408,
-0.0040690102614462376,
-0.2720811665058136,
-0.1056959331035614,
0.1502685546875,
-0.1738111674785614,
0.2817728519439697,
0.0973849818110466,
0.08217620849609375,
0.2418484091758728,
0.29534912109375,
0.2940673828125,
0.5713704228401184,
-0.46875,
0.0102089773863554,
0.2881130576133728,
0.4370931088924408,
-0.0944909006357193,
0.5752766728401184,
0.7964409589767456,
-0.3717854917049408,
-0.1990966796875,
0.3139784038066864,
-0.007894462905824184,
-0.02223629504442215,
0.1961805522441864,
0.12122853845357895,
-0.2585313618183136,
-0.03121270053088665,
0.3617078959941864,
-0.0120841134339571,
-0.0206010602414608,
0.2143012136220932,
0.6017795205116272,
0.007500330451875925,
0.2301466166973114,
0.07259991765022278,
-0.02016533724963665,
-0.3596462607383728,
0.28143310546875,
0.52197265625,
-0.335693359375,
-0.0448506660759449,
-0.1984185129404068,
0.22752125561237335,
0.1928439736366272,
-0.6596950888633728,
0.026930280029773712,
0.00127410888671875,
0.5820583701133728,
-0.4554307758808136,
0.3338216245174408,
0.1040835902094841,
-0.1824612021446228,
-0.474365234375,
-0.3756917417049408,
0.2666286826133728,
-0.08207257837057114,
0.2599690854549408,
0.3220418393611908,
-0.4486490786075592,
0.0706821009516716,
0.09158240258693695,
0.0029229058418422937,
0.4731716513633728,
0.1718377023935318,
0.2071567177772522,
0.4964192807674408,
0.3674723207950592,
0.1829376220703125,
0.0461900494992733,
-0.3710123598575592,
-0.11208640038967133,
0.1322292685508728,
-0.6468369960784912,
0.0986429825425148,
-0.3602159321308136,
0.7925347089767456,
0.1164686381816864,
0.4460178017616272,
0.2588568925857544,
-0.046884749084711075,
-0.19008636474609375,
-0.07330809533596039,
0.09368896484375,
0.08579190820455551,
0.8524305820465088,
0.0706312358379364,
-0.136688232421875,
-0.2326253205537796,
-0.06021542102098465,
-0.0012469821376726031,
0.3244357705116272,
0.00008392333984375,
0.0476057268679142,
0.2185804545879364,
0.4594997763633728,
0.4776475727558136,
-0.08874564617872238,
-0.1282789409160614,
0.2216525673866272,
-0.0363226979970932,
-0.1477525532245636,
0.0567694753408432,
0.1382412314414978,
0.3819173276424408,
0.0614861398935318,
-0.0854339599609375,
-0.2827419638633728,
0.3040229082107544,
0.1836276650428772,
0.5186631679534912,
-0.0012524923076853156,
0.4315863847732544,
-0.1065097376704216,
-0.1351250559091568,
-0.166961669921875,
-0.02059258334338665,
-0.0595126673579216,
0.1979844868183136,
0.061075106263160706,
-0.2737223207950592,
0.28271484375,
-0.5044487714767456,
-0.0214869175106287,
0.0723639577627182,
0.4159071147441864,
0.3821343183517456,
0.2980414628982544,
0.2544623613357544,
0.3706325888633728,
0.4671495258808136,
-0.3113064169883728,
-0.7770182490348816,
-0.1445515900850296,
-0.2609592080116272,
-0.0810784250497818,
0.3357883095741272,
-0.09390173852443695,
0.1126742884516716,
-0.0929972305893898,
-0.0375162772834301,
0.1340128630399704,
-0.014498816803097725,
0.019485261291265488,
0.13211314380168915,
-0.1255967915058136,
0.3116590678691864,
-0.36474609375,
0.1120876744389534,
0.4097222089767456,
0.5463324785232544,
0.2396918386220932,
4.19444465637207,
0.1378445029258728,
0.2788221538066864,
-0.16497717797756195,
-0.3315022885799408,
0.00965287908911705,
-0.026678720489144325,
-0.4852430522441864,
0.2270050048828125,
0.14679166674613953,
0.01746251806616783,
0.2290852814912796,
0.275634765625,
-0.2650824785232544,
-0.3064100444316864,
0.4473470151424408,
0.1137373149394989,
-0.005862765945494175,
-0.3209092915058136,
0.3133680522441864,
-0.1431443989276886,
0.427978515625,
0.1720241904258728,
0.424072265625,
0.5643988847732544,
-0.2081570029258728,
0.0025736491661518812,
-0.0508355051279068,
0.5282118320465088,
0.2577989399433136,
0.2606065571308136,
-0.2410142719745636,
0.3855794370174408,
0.0633917897939682,
-0.8452690839767456,
0.1489664763212204,
0.3516981303691864,
-0.0571729876101017,
-0.1740315705537796,
-0.2195637971162796,
-0.4202745258808136,
-0.0895877406001091,
-0.0380723737180233,
0.5263671875,
-0.2415974885225296,
-0.28084903955459595,
-0.0400814488530159,
0.5255262851715088,
0.2269422709941864,
-0.05141448974609375,
0.4148491621017456,
-0.0890519917011261,
-0.2225612998008728,
-0.4005601704120636,
0.3891059160232544,
0.5082194209098816,
0.2328152060508728,
0.4760199785232544,
0.2266913503408432,
-0.2535264790058136,
0.3556450605392456,
-0.24298095703125,
0.27374267578125,
0.0497707799077034,
0.1103380024433136,
0.1040208637714386,
0.0752156600356102,
-0.0825636088848114,
0.5375162959098816,
-0.0373416468501091,
0.10662841796875,
0.408203125,
-0.019527435302734375,
0.03977055102586746,
-0.061606090515851974,
0.13699933886528015,
-0.4101020097732544,
0.3489702045917511,
0.2791612446308136,
0.14873164892196655,
0.1364184468984604,
-0.3778482973575592,
-0.16511112451553345,
0.2320454865694046,
0.029681947082281113,
0.4087185263633728,
-0.06449678540229797,
-0.2140977680683136,
0.4432237446308136,
0.15509033203125,
0.4112413227558136,
0.2762857973575592,
0.2942436933517456,
-0.3352729082107544,
0.1487276256084442,
0.2496337890625,
-0.0914815291762352,
-3.9622395038604736,
-0.1587626188993454,
0.26622942090034485,
-0.3711887001991272,
0.1976182758808136,
-0.09362369030714035,
0.066009521484375,
-0.0664876326918602,
-0.4814724326133728,
0.2971818745136261,
-0.2701839804649353,
0.3922797441482544,
-0.4683973491191864,
0.4858669638633728,
0.2088487446308136,
0.0731743723154068,
0.0013376871356740594,
0.4422471821308136,
0.6449652910232544,
-0.03656005859375,
0.2459784597158432,
0.5154079794883728,
0.2740614116191864,
-0.2490437775850296,
-0.00940619595348835,
-0.013753254897892475,
0.2129448801279068,
0.0538686104118824,
0.0347408726811409,
0.07277509570121765,
-0.3901909589767456,
0.3201904296875,
0.5085991621017456,
-0.2466769814491272,
0.2363010048866272,
0.5125596523284912,
0.5057101845741272,
-0.08085165917873383,
-0.020546384155750275,
0.1961941123008728,
0.3454454243183136,
-0.2201266884803772,
0.07653723657131195,
0.1848076730966568,
-0.1556498259305954,
0.2411295622587204,
-0.3998481035232544,
0.0922054722905159,
-0.7164170742034912,
0.114471435546875,
0.1976793110370636,
-0.1037394180893898,
-0.06286493688821793,
0.0009925630874931812,
0.6278754472732544,
0.005260891281068325,
0.0545179583132267,
-0.0275141391903162,
0.24847412109375,
0.3584391176700592,
0.2891303300857544,
-0.1637742817401886,
0.3994411826133728,
-0.1008419468998909,
0.4006805419921875,
-0.2701890766620636,
-0.0562201589345932,
0.6519639492034912,
-0.0397237129509449,
-0.3722059428691864,
0.4861111044883728,
0.1133287250995636,
0.2302110493183136,
0.2265218049287796,
0.2969699501991272,
0.33233642578125,
0.018998252227902412,
-0.1595594584941864,
0.6101887822151184,
0.0817803293466568,
0.03006490133702755,
-0.2304619699716568,
-0.435302734375,
0.6404622197151184,
2.273871421813965,
0.2419264018535614,
2.2180988788604736,
0.4178602397441864,
0.3407389223575592,
0.3193630576133728,
0.2288716584444046,
0.027768028900027275,
0.1860148161649704,
-0.1659291535615921,
-0.2013380229473114,
0.2559543251991272,
-0.01769595593214035,
0.4005126953125,
0.01571231335401535,
0.0019048055401071906,
0.3712293803691864,
-0.8994411826133728,
0.1102498397231102,
-0.3129068911075592,
0.06494903564453125,
0.0639004185795784,
-0.1725396066904068,
0.1651814728975296,
0.4921603798866272,
-0.1842854768037796,
0.1806911826133728,
0.3385552167892456,
0.2016533762216568,
0.09472104907035828,
-0.2063632607460022,
0.4580349326133728,
0.1686943918466568,
0.0491892509162426,
0.040966179221868515,
0.2986653745174408,
0.1691996306180954,
4.70225715637207,
0.5082465410232544,
-0.3606228232383728,
0.2648908793926239,
-0.11434300988912582,
0.0991024449467659,
0.4553765058517456,
0.10939693450927734,
0.3557264506816864,
0.05048370361328125,
0.2958170473575592,
0.1771748811006546,
-0.2174750417470932,
-0.1751844584941864,
0.5793185830116272,
0.1602037250995636,
-0.0206264927983284,
-0.1399129182100296,
-0.02925703302025795,
0.09284252673387527,
0.170052632689476,
0.1587761789560318,
0.4677734375,
-0.1945156455039978,
-0.1279568076133728,
-0.02362653985619545,
0.005340576171875,
-0.4536946713924408,
-0.1278618723154068,
0.680908203125,
0.4360893964767456,
5.44444465637207,
0.2545572817325592,
0.0061475965194404125,
-0.0447252057492733,
-0.01803164929151535,
0.2205132395029068,
-0.13569937646389008,
-0.1704067587852478,
-0.5505642294883728,
-0.07485750317573547,
-0.13790839910507202,
-0.2293362021446228,
-0.22059927880764008,
0.4774848222732544,
0.0633036270737648,
0.2134196013212204,
-0.6014268398284912,
-0.2411092072725296,
0.5305718183517456,
-0.02306111715734005,
0.3061726987361908,
-0.2099829763174057,
0.1958414763212204,
-0.3783094584941864,
-0.060922250151634216,
0.3796929121017456,
-0.07656945288181305,
0.1837598979473114,
0.2817111611366272,
-0.1905246376991272,
0.4994303286075592,
0.050201416015625,
0.1912941336631775,
-0.0366499163210392,
0.1421542763710022,
0.13074833154678345,
0.3136257529258728,
0.18918949365615845,
0.1548478901386261,
-0.3541191816329956,
0.3738606870174408,
-0.2943691611289978,
-0.0696038156747818,
-0.2110324501991272,
-0.3671875,
0.1129201278090477,
-0.2396511435508728,
-0.0852728933095932,
-0.05960506945848465,
0.099578857421875,
0.0947943776845932,
0.0380876325070858,
1.0764431953430176,
0.3058539628982544,
0.1544596403837204,
0.1662055104970932,
-0.09001074731349945,
0.1282467246055603,
-0.0010308159980922937,
-0.08888668566942215,
0.5108506679534912,
0.040732067078351974,
0.05414750799536705,
0.3666313886642456,
0.4134928286075592,
0.3133002519607544,
0.08343505859375,
0.1098141148686409,
0.3893771767616272,
-0.2561306357383728,
-0.062163881957530975,
0.3375244140625,
0.1636759489774704,
0.2972276508808136,
-0.0327351875603199,
-0.0656873881816864,
0.1086764857172966,
-0.2062581330537796,
-0.2923787534236908,
0.23785655200481415,
0.0486178919672966,
0.10809241235256195,
-0.3621147871017456,
-0.2264200896024704,
0.030293993651866913,
-0.3539903461933136,
-0.2573310136795044,
0.1030646413564682,
0.3990071713924408,
0.019432280212640762,
0.125213623046875,
-0.3110758364200592,
-0.0515814870595932,
0.7001953125,
0.3199056088924408,
0.0927819162607193,
0.2598334550857544,
0.7046983242034912,
0.02595011331140995,
0.3379720151424408,
-0.01643880270421505,
0.1426900178194046,
0.06024169921875,
-0.0642293319106102,
0.3286404013633728,
-0.0459933802485466,
0.12187809497117996,
-0.0574900321662426,
0.3466661274433136,
-0.1422865092754364,
0.5662434697151184,
0.5253092646598816,
0.0666571706533432,
0.0344611257314682,
0.05032263696193695
] |
59 | When was the Nazi party founded? | [
{
"docid": "5080441#1",
"text": "Shortly after the First World War, Graf became a member of the German Workers' Party (DAP). Later, the DAP was renamed the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP; Nazi Party) and taken over by Adolf Hitler. Founded in 1920, the \"Sturmabteilung\" (SA) was the first of many paramilitary protection squads that worked to protect Nazi officials. These storm troopers, outfitted in brown uniforms, were initially charged with the duty of keeping order at Nazi Party meetings. They soon expanded their role to include disruption of rival political party's functions. Graf was an early member of the SA. In 1921, he became member number 2882 of the Nazi Party.",
"title": "Ulrich Graf"
},
{
"docid": "21736#60",
"text": "\"Deutsche Gemeinschaft\" was a branch of the Nazi Party founded in 1919, created for Germans with \"Volksdeutsche\" status. It is not to be confused with the post-war right-wing \"\", which was founded in 1949.",
"title": "Nazi Party"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "364176#0",
"text": "The American Nazi Party (ANP) is a far-right American political party founded by George Lincoln Rockwell with its headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. Rockwell founded the organization as the World Union of Free Enterprise National Socialists (WUFENS), but renamed it the American Nazi Party in 1960. Since the late 1960s, a number of small groups have used the name \"American Nazi Party\" with most being independent from each other and disbanding before the 21st century. The party is based largely upon the ideals and policies of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party in Germany during the Nazi era, and embraced its uniforms and iconography. Shortly after Rockwell's assassination in 1967, the organization appointed Rockwell's second in command, Deputy Commander Matt Koehl as the new leader. The American Nazi Party, now under Koehl's command, was subject to ideological disagreements between members in the 1970s and 1980s. \"In 1982, Martin Kerr, a leader at the Franklin Road headquarters, announced that the organization was changing its name to the New Order and moving to the Midwest,\" effective January 1, 1983. Due to recruitment issues along with financial and legal trouble, Koehl was forced to relocate the group's headquarters from the DC area, eventually finding his way to scattered locations in Wisconsin and Michigan. After Koehl's death in 2014, long-time member and officer of the New Order, Martin Kerr assumed leadership and maintains the New Order website and organization.",
"title": "American Nazi Party"
},
{
"docid": "20329661#13",
"text": "Throughout the existence of the Weimar Republic, politics in the province was dominated by the nationalist conservative DNVP (German National People's Party). The Nazi party (NSDAP) did not have any significant success at elections, nor did it have a substantial amount of members. The Pomeranian Nazi party was founded by students of the University of Greifswald in 1922, when the NSDAP was officially forbidden. The university's rector Karl Theodor von Vahlen became Gauleiter (head of the provincial party) in 1924. Soon afterwards, he was fired by the university and went bankrupt. In 1924, the party had 330 members, and in December 1925, 297 members. The party was not present in all of the province. The members were concentrated mainly in Western Pomerania and internally divided. Vahlen retired from the Gauleiter position in 1927 and was replaced by Walther von Corswandt, a Pomeranian knight estate holder.",
"title": "History of Pomerania (1933–1945)"
},
{
"docid": "31045316#19",
"text": "The Nazis, the far-right monarchists, the reactionary German National People's Party (DNVP) and others, such as monarchist officers in the German Army and several prominent industrialists, formed an alliance in opposition to the Weimar Republic on 11 October 1931 in Bad Harzburg, officially known as the \"National Front\", but commonly referred to as the Harzburg Front. The Nazis stated that the alliance was purely tactical and they continued to have differences with the DNVP. The Nazis described the DNVP as a bourgeois party and they called themselves an anti-bourgeois party. After the elections of July 1932, the alliance broke down when the DNVP lost many of its seats in the Reichstag. The Nazis denounced them as \"an insignificant heap of reactionaries\". The DNVP responded by denouncing the Nazis for their socialism, their street violence and the \"economic experiments\" that would take place if the Nazis ever rose to power. But amidst an inconclusive political situation in which conservative politicians Franz von Papen and Kurt von Schleicher were unable to form stable governments without the Nazis, Papen proposed to President Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor at the head of a government formed primarily of conservatives, with only three Nazi ministers. Hindenburg did so, and contrary to the expectations of Papen and the DNVP, Hitler was soon able to establish a Nazi one-party dictatorship.",
"title": "Nazism"
},
{
"docid": "23772078#7",
"text": "In 1949, the Federation of Independents (VdU) was founded as a national liberal alternative to the main Austrian parties—the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) and the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), successors to the interwar era Marxist and Christian Social parties. The VdU was founded by two liberal Salzburg journalists—former Nazi Germany prisoners—who wanted to stay clear of the mainstream socialist and Catholic camps and feared that hostility following the hastily devised postwar denazification policy (which did not distinguish between party members and actual war criminals) might stimulate a revival of Nazism. Aiming to become a political home to everyone not a member of the two main parties, the VdU incorporated an array of political movements—including free-market liberals, populists, former Nazis and German nationalists, all of whom had been unable to join either of the two main parties. The VdU won 12% of the vote in the 1949 general election, but saw its support beginning to decline soon afterward. It evolved into the FPÖ by 1955/56 after merging with the minor Freedom Party in 1955; a new party was formed on 17 October 1955, and its founding congress was held on 7 April 1956.",
"title": "Freedom Party of Austria"
},
{
"docid": "2619733#1",
"text": "Founded in 1958 in Knoxville, Tennessee, by Edward Reed Fields, a 26-year-old chiropractor and supporter of J. B. Stoner, the party was based on antisemitism, racism and opposition to racial integration with African Americans. Party officials argued for states' rights against the advance of the civil rights movement, and the organization itself established relations with the Ku Klux Klan and Minutemen. Although a white supremacist movement, its messaging was never openly neo-Nazi in the way that its successors in the American Nazi Party were.",
"title": "National States' Rights Party"
},
{
"docid": "1571138#6",
"text": "Between 1925 and 1929, it became common for Nazis to wear makeshift paramilitary uniforms at Party rallies and during this time the SA expanded its own system of insignia as did the fledgling SS (\"Schutzstaffel\"), which had begun to appear as a force within the Party. As the Nazis gained more support throughout Germany, and moved outward from their power base in Munich, regional Nazi cells began to appear in such major cities as Stuttgart, Berlin, and Heidelberg. These \"local Nazis\" often adopted their own uniforms and titles with little standardization from the main Nazis operated out of Munich.\nThe first formal Nazi Party rank and insignia regulations were published in 1930 although standardization across the Nazi Party did not occur until 1932. Even then it met with limited success since regional Nazi leaders, far removed from Hitler in Munich, frequently spent little effort enforcing uniform guidelines and, in some cases, outright ignored them. The early regulations called for the Nazi Party to be divided into two levels—the \"Politische Leitung\" (political leadership) and the \"Partei Mitglieder\" (Party Membership) with political leaders adopting standard uniforms and insignia. Hitler and his senior entourage were actually not included in the uniform regulations, and continued to wear paramilitary uniforms of their own choosing without special insignia. The Nazi Party paramilitary groups, such as the SA and SS, also by this time had their own uniform and insignia regulations separate from the main Nazi Party.",
"title": "Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party"
},
{
"docid": "56238015#4",
"text": "In 1931 he joined the socialist \"Red students group\". On 1 May 1933 he joined the Nazi party: he was member number 2,673,178. Party membership had surged since January 1933 when the Nazis took power and lost no time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Nevertheless, in his autobiography published in 1999 Gerstner evidently identified an inconsistency which could not go unremarked. He had taken the step, he wrote, only \"out of hatred against Hitler ... in order [to do] something against the Nazis\" (\"nur aus \"Hass gegen Hitler ...um etwas gegen die Nazis\" zu tun\"). With half an eye on Gerstner's subsequent career as a German diplomat, there were commentators who found the explanation less than persuasive.",
"title": "Karl-Heinz Gerstner"
},
{
"docid": "54361#43",
"text": "In 1991 Svoboda was founded as the Social-National Party of Ukraine. The party combined radical nationalism and neo-Nazi features. It was renamed and rebranded 13 years later as All-Ukrainian Association Svoboda in 2004 under Oleh Tyahnybok. In 2016, \"The Nation\" reported that \"in Ukrainian municipal elections held [in October 2015], the neo-Nazi Svoboda party won 10 percent of the vote in Kiev and placed second in Lviv. The Svoboda party’s candidate actually won the mayoral election in the city of Konotop.\" The Svoboda party mayor in Konotop reportedly has the number \"14/88\" displayed on his car and has refused to display the city's official flag because it contains a star of David, and has implied that Jews were responsible for the Holodomor.",
"title": "Neo-Nazism"
}
] | [
0.3176405131816864,
-0.3251817524433136,
-0.2685140073299408,
0.1221669539809227,
0.13472917675971985,
-0.09961827844381332,
0.4183078408241272,
-0.3131035566329956,
0.1203952357172966,
0.2612847089767456,
-0.3031005859375,
-0.3555908203125,
-0.5181748867034912,
0.3270534873008728,
-0.398193359375,
-0.1719428151845932,
0.6130099892616272,
0.1633165180683136,
0.2053765207529068,
0.15962770581245422,
-0.2786729633808136,
0.2325032502412796,
-0.3096788227558136,
0.1937255859375,
0.2480739951133728,
-0.0406477190554142,
-0.177734375,
0.3741861879825592,
-0.06332651525735855,
0.4264051616191864,
0.2237040251493454,
0.017339281737804413,
-0.0194261334836483,
0.3815375566482544,
-0.3376261293888092,
0.2529991865158081,
0.1759168803691864,
-0.022928079590201378,
0.0966593399643898,
0.3726942241191864,
-0.03961022570729256,
0.1195237934589386,
0.6036241054534912,
-0.1113077774643898,
0.1956210732460022,
-0.1476237028837204,
0.3716634213924408,
0.09721247106790543,
-0.1202460378408432,
0.308837890625,
-0.4474283754825592,
-0.08852428942918777,
-0.2575005292892456,
0.08738178759813309,
-0.7212456464767456,
0.4944390058517456,
-0.08849843591451645,
0.2692023515701294,
0.0688900426030159,
-0.2611524760723114,
0.3462185263633728,
-0.0012592739658430219,
-0.1190321147441864,
-0.010829078033566475,
0.3294202983379364,
0.290771484375,
0.025536855682730675,
0.14736907184123993,
0.3163655698299408,
0.1339092254638672,
-0.03136444091796875,
0.3458523154258728,
0.3165961503982544,
0.0241572055965662,
-0.2371554970741272,
-0.0877109095454216,
-0.2181633859872818,
0.6583659052848816,
0.2573648989200592,
-0.1459505259990692,
0.6410590410232544,
-0.38427734375,
0.1568840891122818,
0.4187825620174408,
0.1363372802734375,
0.2341172993183136,
-0.3275282084941864,
0.0018022325821220875,
0.2157236784696579,
0.6716037392616272,
-0.2801784873008728,
0.07175106555223465,
0.0649820938706398,
-0.1366187185049057,
0.1488749235868454,
0.08434507250785828,
0.2458767294883728,
-0.2689954936504364,
0.1772783100605011,
-0.5668131709098816,
0.1629435271024704,
-0.2167629599571228,
-0.2212999165058136,
0.16087722778320312,
0.2743055522441864,
-0.4087727963924408,
-0.2437981516122818,
0.2878689169883728,
0.2438151091337204,
0.3849690854549408,
0.4743923544883728,
-0.1567043662071228,
-0.07211366295814514,
-0.4026828408241272,
0.014884736388921738,
0.04336102679371834,
0.3918626606464386,
0.027171028777956963,
-0.4737006425857544,
-0.5459255576133728,
0.0929345041513443,
0.0569491907954216,
-0.1779412180185318,
-0.1899549663066864,
-0.3778482973575592,
-0.0785895437002182,
0.3621961772441864,
-0.2536078691482544,
0.6079643964767456,
0.7272678017616272,
-0.07184796780347824,
0.1562771201133728,
0.3692762553691864,
0.5207248330116272,
0.03196036070585251,
0.1723565012216568,
0.04127057269215584,
-0.1849094033241272,
-0.275146484375,
-0.3121541440486908,
-0.2933214008808136,
0.1544732004404068,
-0.01932271383702755,
0.466796875,
0.0235561802983284,
-0.14788818359375,
0.01868184469640255,
0.1712103933095932,
0.0377570241689682,
0.4653049111366272,
0.5121256709098816,
0.1677873432636261,
-0.1606513112783432,
0.3788520097732544,
-0.2241414338350296,
0.3586290180683136,
0.5504014492034912,
0.4412163496017456,
0.0994805246591568,
-0.2677815854549408,
0.7948133945465088,
0.2838677167892456,
0.01349555142223835,
0.1737772673368454,
0.2581244707107544,
0.3946397602558136,
-0.18357634544372559,
0.1451568603515625,
0.5605739951133728,
-0.4408365786075592,
-0.5233561396598816,
0.04389699175953865,
0.3067626953125,
-0.1577826589345932,
0.0846371129155159,
-0.10574086755514145,
-0.3548448383808136,
-0.2039387971162796,
0.01871575228869915,
-0.1214057058095932,
0.1619160920381546,
0.0186013113707304,
-0.18532943725585938,
0.1005028635263443,
0.6305338740348816,
-0.056424036622047424,
0.018681738525629044,
-0.3271213173866272,
-0.2484944611787796,
0.341796875,
-0.06609514355659485,
0.1232740581035614,
0.5236274003982544,
0.08236948400735855,
0.2338934987783432,
-0.06242964044213295,
-0.1635470986366272,
0.3548041582107544,
0.08690813183784485,
0.1668938547372818,
-0.1426018625497818,
0.0276523157954216,
-0.1599324494600296,
0.2318115234375,
0.4366590678691864,
-0.5014919638633728,
-0.2041863352060318,
0.1931254118680954,
-0.0779012069106102,
-0.26288264989852905,
-0.08498721569776535,
0.1122334823012352,
0.3840603232383728,
0.4225803017616272,
-0.1384226530790329,
0.2747667133808136,
0.20935744047164917,
0.1511942595243454,
0.4003669023513794,
0.024662017822265625,
-0.37451171875,
0.1736992746591568,
0.1058451309800148,
-0.10714912414550781,
0.2773844301700592,
-0.279388427734375,
-0.05388641357421875,
-0.3513590395450592,
0.09098519384860992,
0.32080078125,
0.4083523154258728,
0.13120736181735992,
0.0278913713991642,
-0.2762179970741272,
0.02918328158557415,
0.14959716796875,
0.5836588740348816,
0.03655242919921875,
0.3638509213924408,
0.1323276162147522,
0.1825018972158432,
-0.2578260600566864,
-0.0810529887676239,
-0.1637166291475296,
0.3572862446308136,
-0.0125715471804142,
0.40404510498046875,
0.14340972900390625,
-0.4741753339767456,
-0.1622992604970932,
-0.0262137521058321,
-0.0162353515625,
0.13312943279743195,
0.2171156108379364,
-0.4905056357383728,
0.2486979216337204,
0.3594563901424408,
0.005311647895723581,
-0.0989142507314682,
0.02260335348546505,
0.3815375566482544,
0.3715413510799408,
0.3458387553691864,
0.3017306923866272,
0.2393798828125,
-0.14968998730182648,
0.2954237163066864,
0.3832193911075592,
-0.0822211354970932,
-0.1724480539560318,
0.2040744423866272,
-0.2366807758808136,
0.1783854216337204,
0.1003960520029068,
-0.441162109375,
-0.2474568635225296,
-0.210174560546875,
0.1737060546875,
-0.1637912392616272,
0.4013129472732544,
0.1444973349571228,
-0.1582438200712204,
-0.05319669470191002,
0.2874416708946228,
0.4279242753982544,
0.3669840395450592,
0.01998392678797245,
0.1435411274433136,
-0.1526591032743454,
-0.1472371369600296,
-0.0491485595703125,
0.6358506679534912,
-0.1457078754901886,
-0.3324313759803772,
-0.0838470458984375,
0.026871152222156525,
0.2197333425283432,
0.0493587926030159,
-0.1899888813495636,
-0.3955892026424408,
0.2678036093711853,
-0.3431532084941864,
-0.0771365687251091,
0.4493001401424408,
0.1502821147441864,
-0.4736599326133728,
-0.1711256206035614,
0.2805040180683136,
-0.2419704794883728,
0.6478949785232544,
0.12982177734375,
-0.7281901240348816,
-0.1741502583026886,
0.0896776020526886,
0.5619574785232544,
0.7280815839767456,
0.2240532785654068,
-0.1114366352558136,
0.19273799657821655,
0.1787312775850296,
0.4010959267616272,
0.0848931223154068,
-0.3982747495174408,
-0.1280653178691864,
0.2227105051279068,
-0.18339623510837555,
0.108428955078125,
-0.3922254741191864,
0.6316731572151184,
0.8213975429534912,
0.5028347373008728,
0.2429945170879364,
-0.1268293559551239,
0.009059058502316475,
-0.03543790057301521,
0.24072265625,
0.1588609516620636,
0.6580946445465088,
-0.0883687362074852,
0.0790608748793602,
0.017557356506586075,
-0.027608659118413925,
0.012112087570130825,
0.3168538510799408,
0.3366563618183136,
-0.1169365793466568,
0.0756903737783432,
0.2144639790058136,
0.17999267578125,
-0.07482687383890152,
0.06405714154243469,
0.4334309995174408,
-0.0019107394618913531,
-0.2169325053691864,
0.02094184048473835,
-0.43084716796875,
0.4764268696308136,
0.6360676884651184,
0.20465087890625,
-0.3296712338924408,
0.1283942312002182,
0.3273383378982544,
0.16377681493759155,
-0.007722007110714912,
0.2882893979549408,
-0.0225084088742733,
-0.08925671130418777,
-0.3638509213924408,
0.1285555064678192,
0.0346035435795784,
0.3400810956954956,
-0.3693983256816864,
-0.03908856585621834,
-0.07593197375535965,
-0.5453830361366272,
-0.5032280683517456,
0.030872980132699013,
0.5199110507965088,
0.3820529580116272,
0.2434217631816864,
0.1744316965341568,
0.5066189169883728,
0.2042643278837204,
0.0219862200319767,
-0.3447808027267456,
-0.20947265625,
0.0066731772385537624,
0.18618308007717133,
0.1309187114238739,
0.1724531352519989,
0.2639329731464386,
-0.3594021201133728,
0.06438615918159485,
-0.1957872211933136,
0.1200697124004364,
0.17336612939834595,
-0.1066962331533432,
0.27392578125,
-0.09972890466451645,
-0.1180928573012352,
0.2188178151845932,
0.3118760883808136,
0.5257161259651184,
0.5582139492034912,
4.10828971862793,
0.2696668803691864,
0.3389756977558136,
0.1668226420879364,
0.0454745814204216,
0.135101318359375,
0.25128173828125,
-0.4807671308517456,
0.0966796875,
-0.1706000417470932,
-0.08330854028463364,
0.07371605932712555,
-0.2302381694316864,
-0.061898548156023026,
0.1617567241191864,
0.3993598222732544,
0.3230522871017456,
0.0638359934091568,
0.0907423198223114,
0.3291558027267456,
-0.1321733295917511,
0.2032843679189682,
0.4608154296875,
0.1232825368642807,
0.3409559428691864,
0.0714636892080307,
0.2462971955537796,
0.0605197474360466,
0.3642917275428772,
0.04837121069431305,
0.5296223759651184,
0.0034616258926689625,
0.14423789083957672,
-0.0262875035405159,
-0.5161946415901184,
-0.00412665493786335,
0.4860568642616272,
0.4056396484375,
0.1185031458735466,
0.1240166574716568,
-0.26849365234375,
-0.0286899134516716,
0.03581152856349945,
0.3875596821308136,
0.1820034384727478,
-0.1875,
0.017783693969249725,
0.3194308876991272,
0.0673692524433136,
0.2361111044883728,
0.4930826723575592,
-0.2419976145029068,
0.0468580462038517,
-0.09454345703125,
0.3256293535232544,
0.4695095419883728,
0.3157552182674408,
0.4036729633808136,
0.3144938051700592,
0.3485785722732544,
-0.0670013427734375,
-0.2757703959941864,
-0.043734654784202576,
-0.1112230122089386,
-0.3182373046875,
-0.02362060546875,
0.3428548276424408,
0.4074499309062958,
0.3513725996017456,
-0.0058610704727470875,
0.5580241084098816,
0.3678656816482544,
0.330810546875,
-0.1366984099149704,
-0.10417429357767105,
-0.3022054135799408,
-0.08097372949123383,
-0.4356011152267456,
-0.02602301724255085,
0.1903754323720932,
0.15831416845321655,
-0.004344940185546875,
-0.1568739116191864,
0.3942328691482544,
-0.02361212857067585,
0.4225531816482544,
0.3579643964767456,
-0.4231330156326294,
0.3908149003982544,
0.1216464564204216,
0.2319742888212204,
-0.1474829763174057,
0.3285047709941864,
-0.4100206196308136,
0.3265516459941864,
0.1820271760225296,
-0.2042168527841568,
-3.994140625,
0.3730197548866272,
0.3280978798866272,
-0.2720133364200592,
0.025788625702261925,
0.0217115618288517,
-0.1869422048330307,
0.3197292685508728,
-0.1618584543466568,
0.4201388955116272,
-0.36761474609375,
-0.02728271484375,
-0.5598415732383728,
0.3055928647518158,
0.1841634064912796,
0.18398793041706085,
0.4086100161075592,
0.3433702290058136,
0.5048556923866272,
-0.0571543388068676,
0.1211937814950943,
-0.2402818500995636,
0.2865804135799408,
0.027459673583507538,
-0.1850925087928772,
0.0112851457670331,
0.1408182829618454,
-0.2721761167049408,
-0.1363254189491272,
0.1459486186504364,
-0.0412105992436409,
0.3402777910232544,
0.7031792402267456,
-0.1572418212890625,
0.2998589277267456,
0.6213650107383728,
0.3402031660079956,
-0.1454501748085022,
0.4801974892616272,
0.4762234091758728,
-0.0916341170668602,
0.2272779643535614,
0.2018229216337204,
0.1808878630399704,
0.3048638105392456,
0.5114338994026184,
-0.3653835654258728,
0.1841701865196228,
-0.1564873605966568,
0.2969902753829956,
0.5870768427848816,
0.4124755859375,
0.00400543212890625,
0.1280788779258728,
0.60693359375,
-0.3562961220741272,
0.11500295251607895,
-0.1356675922870636,
0.14443439245224,
0.4825846254825592,
-0.03896331787109375,
0.0642259418964386,
-0.00909296702593565,
-0.03450775146484375,
0.1029256209731102,
-0.1930677592754364,
0.468017578125,
0.3184407651424408,
0.3886447548866272,
-0.09954833984375,
0.7230902910232544,
0.2406955361366272,
-0.0532396100461483,
-0.0549960657954216,
0.1873236745595932,
-0.0007290310459211469,
-0.06219567358493805,
-0.1613226979970932,
0.6583116054534912,
0.3904758095741272,
-0.0634477436542511,
0.3336046040058136,
-0.5704481601715088,
0.2912733256816864,
2.2639973163604736,
0.2335476279258728,
2.2496745586395264,
0.3795572817325592,
0.2137586772441864,
0.3803575336933136,
0.2456800639629364,
0.0055643715895712376,
0.3278266191482544,
0.2136298269033432,
-0.2008531391620636,
0.07317522168159485,
0.0702887624502182,
0.4701334536075592,
-0.3782552182674408,
-0.1971842497587204,
0.3070339560508728,
-0.7540419101715088,
-0.04168701171875,
-0.4945475161075592,
0.529296875,
-0.1515095978975296,
-0.486328125,
0.4386800229549408,
-0.16762712597846985,
-0.201171875,
0.0496317557990551,
-0.1221177875995636,
0.04888831079006195,
-0.1100362166762352,
0.1122419536113739,
0.0613301582634449,
0.3515082597732544,
-0.08139249682426453,
0.1020236536860466,
0.07571326196193695,
-0.0642869770526886,
4.67578125,
0.4048393964767456,
-0.0209791399538517,
-0.03884633257985115,
0.2410888671875,
0.5607638955116272,
0.4464789628982544,
-0.0792948380112648,
0.1315222829580307,
0.2136332243680954,
0.05590565875172615,
-0.0502861887216568,
-0.1311238557100296,
-0.08469729870557785,
0.3031141459941864,
0.0156843401491642,
0.3372395932674408,
0.036947887390851974,
0.1017116978764534,
-0.1545138955116272,
0.01447211392223835,
-0.04376475140452385,
0.0402204729616642,
-0.1412150114774704,
0.3738471269607544,
0.0568712018430233,
0.1190355122089386,
-0.3158637285232544,
-0.005069308914244175,
-0.1642591655254364,
0.3952907919883728,
5.513454914093018,
0.0357089564204216,
-0.007762485183775425,
0.0484042689204216,
-0.002307468093931675,
-0.04152822494506836,
-0.1388261616230011,
0.06475480645895004,
-0.02225579135119915,
-0.1558295339345932,
-0.2208794504404068,
-0.09253713488578796,
-0.1630588173866272,
0.1288536936044693,
0.4649793803691864,
0.1198933944106102,
-0.135101318359375,
0.03584819287061691,
0.037434473633766174,
0.1307915598154068,
0.3018120527267456,
0.0544789619743824,
0.0009604559745639563,
-0.6604817509651184,
-0.2143486887216568,
0.2794596254825592,
-0.2263726145029068,
-0.018639883026480675,
0.04745059460401535,
0.1015947163105011,
0.4651964008808136,
0.3092854917049408,
-0.01557328924536705,
0.2929416298866272,
-0.4066568911075592,
0.06919582188129425,
0.3204616904258728,
-0.2332763671875,
0.3181559145450592,
0.1108534038066864,
0.2706841230392456,
0.2426486611366272,
-0.4402126669883728,
-0.0007951524457894266,
0.06524530798196793,
-0.09609222412109375,
-0.2113986611366272,
-0.2961561381816864,
0.05131954699754715,
-0.04644860327243805,
0.10003662109375,
-0.0516374371945858,
1.2068142890930176,
0.2649332582950592,
0.1958685964345932,
0.3640407919883728,
-0.01214599609375,
-0.1153903529047966,
0.2018636018037796,
0.0112851457670331,
0.4177517294883728,
0.1680976003408432,
-0.03638458251953125,
0.397216796875,
0.4379611611366272,
0.2004869282245636,
0.6171875,
-0.0611063651740551,
0.8397352695465088,
-0.1447414755821228,
0.004512363113462925,
-0.01624213345348835,
-0.1913519948720932,
-0.004691706970334053,
-0.05568186566233635,
0.3438076376914978,
0.0122383963316679,
0.1279025673866272,
0.10717985033988953,
0.3299018144607544,
-0.048090483993291855,
-0.4740125834941864,
-0.2092013955116272,
0.1009538471698761,
0.021899541839957237,
-0.3245714008808136,
0.1896345317363739,
0.0899454727768898,
0.5773383378982544,
0.0784657821059227,
0.1487291157245636,
-0.3978271484375,
-0.333251953125,
0.9004991054534912,
0.3173285722732544,
-0.0613572858273983,
0.3526204526424408,
0.2546929121017456,
-0.1313001811504364,
-0.2035251259803772,
-0.1075800284743309,
-0.029388427734375,
-0.1324055939912796,
0.1700914204120636,
0.3590494692325592,
-0.0880499929189682,
0.1060214564204216,
0.2320302277803421,
-0.10117445886135101,
0.1816304475069046,
0.3900282084941864,
0.1092800572514534,
0.1619601845741272,
0.009441799484193325,
-0.1280381977558136
] |
62 | Are wolves good pets? | [
{
"docid": "22609833#2",
"text": "Some wildlife centers housing captive wolves prohibit handlers from entering wolf enclosures if they happen to have a cold or other vulnerability which the wolves can detect. Captive wolves are generally shy and avoid eye contact with humans other than their owner, as well as not listening to any commands made by any other humans. They usually vacate rooms or hide when a new person enters the establishment. Even seemingly friendly wolves need to be treated with caution, as captive wolves tend to view and treat people as other wolves, and will thus bite or dominate people in the same situation in which they would other wolves. Ordinary pet food is inadequate, as an adult wolf needs 1–2.5 kg (2–5 lbs) of meat daily along with bones, skin and fur to meet its nutritional requirements. Wolves may defend their food against people, and react violently to people trying to remove it. The exercise needs of a wolf exceed the average dog's demand. Because of this, captive wolves typically do not cope well in urban areas. Due to their talent at observational learning, adult captive wolves can quickly work out how to escape confinement, and require constant reinforcement by caretakers or owners, which makes raising wolves difficult for people who raise their pets in an even, rather than subordinate, environment.",
"title": "Wolves as pets and working animals"
},
{
"docid": "22609833#6",
"text": "Generally speaking, on the basis of their experience, tame wolves are strictly \"one-man dogs\". They may be confiding and playful with the man who raised them, or even with his whole family, if fed and cared for by them, but they are suspicious and timid in the presence of strangers. They invariably retain certain reactions of wolf nature, as for instance, an incorrigible desire to kill chickens or other small livestock whenever opportunity arises.",
"title": "Wolves as pets and working animals"
},
{
"docid": "22609833#4",
"text": "Though wolves are trainable, they lack the same degree of tractability seen in dogs. They are generally not as responsive as dogs to coercive techniques involving fear, aversion to stimuli, and force. Generally, far more work is required to obtain the same degree of reliability seen in most dogs. Even then, once a certain behavior has been repeated several times, wolves may get bored and ignore subsequent commands. Wolves are most responsive toward positive conditioning and rewards, though simple praise is not sufficient as in most dogs. Unlike dogs, wolves tend to respond more to hand signals than voice. Although they are more difficult to control than dogs, they can be easier to teach if the motivation exists.\nWolves are less suitable than dogs for working. Swedish wolf biologist Erik Zimen once tried to form a dog sled team composed entirely of wolves. The experiment failed as the wolves ignored most commands and were far more prone to fighting than sled dogs. North American wolves and wolf hybrids were used as experimental attack dogs by the South African Defence Force in Apartheid South Africa in an attempt to breed animals capable of tracking guerrillas. Because the wolves would not follow even basic commands, the experiment was abandoned. However, their sense of smell can rival that of established scent hounds. According to reports published in 2006, ongoing research at the Perm Institute of Internal Troops in Russia demonstrated that wolf/dog cross-breeds took 15–20 seconds to track down a target in training sessions, whereas ordinary police dogs took 3–4 minutes. Their success has led to plans to use them as police dogs for the Russian police.",
"title": "Wolves as pets and working animals"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "22609833#0",
"text": "Wild wolves are sometimes kept as exotic pets, and in some rarer occasions, as working animals. Although closely related to domesticated dogs, wolves do not show the same tractability as dogs in living alongside humans, and generally, much more work is required in order to obtain the same amount of reliability. Wolves also need much more space than dogs, about 25 to 40 square kilometres (10 to 15 sq mi) so they can exercise.",
"title": "Wolves as pets and working animals"
},
{
"docid": "22609833#3",
"text": "Some pet wolves are euthanised or might be released into the wild where they are likely to starve or be killed by resident wolf packs in regions where they are still present. Abandoned or escaped captive wolves can be more destructive and pose a greater danger to humans and livestock than wild wolves, seeing as their habituation to humans causes them to lose their natural shyness. The Wolf of Gysinge is thought to have been one such animal. Keeping these animals at home can be a bad idea, as they are very destructive.",
"title": "Wolves as pets and working animals"
},
{
"docid": "22609833#7",
"text": "Several hunters of the USFWS kept wolf pups as pets, with the best results occurring when they were caught just after their eyes began opening. In contrast, pups taken at 3–4 weeks of age proved unmanageable, with only one in 11 of such pups becoming tame, despite one month of eight hours per day of socialization with people. However, John James Audubon recorded an instance of a wolf being trained to hunt deer in Kentucky, and Henry Wharton Shoemaker published a similar account of settlers in western and central Pennsylvania using wolves as hunting dogs. Buffon wrote in his \"Natural History\" of tamed wolves in Persia being trained to perform dances and tricks.",
"title": "Wolves as pets and working animals"
},
{
"docid": "33702#88",
"text": "Wild wolves are sometimes kept as exotic pets and, in some rarer occasions, as working animals. Although closely related to domesticated dogs, wolves do not show the same tractability as dogs in living alongside humans, and generally, much more work is required in order to obtain the same amount of reliability. Wolves also need much more space than dogs, about , so they can exercise.",
"title": "Wolf"
},
{
"docid": "2158201#0",
"text": "Mission: Wolf (abbreviated M:W) is a remote wolf sanctuary near Westcliffe, Colorado. Housing up to 40 wolves and wolfdog crosses, Mission: Wolf works to promote a better understanding of wolves in order to further reintroduction efforts and discourage attempts to keep wolves as pets. People are welcome to visit and not only see the wolves up close, but have an opportunity to interact with them as well. There is a nearby meadow where visitors can camp overnight. The of dirt road that climbs to is driveable in the summer (if not wet) by normal 2WD vehicles.",
"title": "Mission: Wolf"
},
{
"docid": "2158201#2",
"text": "Weber's goal is that there will be no more captive wolves. This is unlikely to happen in the foreseeable future. In addition, Weber aims to educate the public in general about the behavior of wolves, and to clear their reputation as 'The Big Bad Wolf.' He also is active in trying to dissuade people from breeding wolf-dogs and owning either wolves or wolf-dogs as pets.",
"title": "Mission: Wolf"
},
{
"docid": "531789#5",
"text": "Mech said that his research on the wolves at Ellesmere Island was different because it is one of the few places where the wolves are not afraid of people, making that experience one of the best in his life. This project in 1986 when photographer Jim Brandenburg told him of white wolves he had seen on Ellesmere Island during an assignment for National Geographic. Mech recognized the rare opportunity to study wolves that had never been hunted and had little fear of humans. Also there were no trees or bushes to hide them from view in the tundra. In the summer Mech found the den near the military and weather base at Eureka. They witnessed the interactions within the pack and the wolves hunting musk oxen. This type of research had not been done before. In an interview Mech said \"The kind of stuff I got here was not just the objective behavioral stuff, but the kind of thing you get from living with a pet of some sort. You get an insight into the thing. You get to know the animal.\" Mech and Brandenburg together produced several articles and a film for National Geographic.",
"title": "L. David Mech"
}
] | [
0.3575439453125,
0.011482715606689453,
-0.133453369140625,
0.414215087890625,
-0.011095285415649414,
0.11131668090820312,
0.72772216796875,
-0.38934326171875,
0.17806243896484375,
-0.11215972900390625,
-0.19329833984375,
-0.3333892822265625,
-0.0439763069152832,
0.020742416381835938,
-0.30535888671875,
-0.09098434448242188,
0.330078125,
0.25055694580078125,
0.0015730857849121094,
0.03213310241699219,
-0.109619140625,
0.20565032958984375,
-0.26274871826171875,
-0.03395843505859375,
0.1390380859375,
0.14351463317871094,
0.00719451904296875,
0.13013458251953125,
0.11707305908203125,
0.10042190551757812,
0.025409698486328125,
-0.2194976806640625,
0.03775310516357422,
0.3147125244140625,
-0.2873077392578125,
0.2518463134765625,
0.20070648193359375,
0.019408226013183594,
0.22368621826171875,
0.26519775390625,
0.2136211395263672,
-0.07836771011352539,
0.4744873046875,
-0.013736963272094727,
0.027463912963867188,
-0.21096038818359375,
0.3941802978515625,
-0.035259246826171875,
-0.53448486328125,
-0.241424560546875,
-0.3059539794921875,
0.19896697998046875,
0.06947970390319824,
-0.15084457397460938,
-0.5830078125,
0.029682159423828125,
0.05056285858154297,
0.35687255859375,
0.3094940185546875,
-0.2886543273925781,
0.369110107421875,
-0.1734466552734375,
-0.2093963623046875,
0.116790771484375,
0.5467529296875,
0.22528076171875,
-0.23883056640625,
0.3111724853515625,
-0.2921905517578125,
0.008121490478515625,
-0.0036334991455078125,
0.49127197265625,
0.2129669189453125,
0.01625537872314453,
-0.17748260498046875,
-0.36962890625,
0.308441162109375,
-0.019403457641601562,
-0.206756591796875,
-0.333770751953125,
0.432342529296875,
0.11609649658203125,
-0.466827392578125,
0.3542633056640625,
-0.3836669921875,
0.37896728515625,
-0.1510162353515625,
0.54888916015625,
0.311431884765625,
0.49822998046875,
-0.03556251525878906,
-0.29378509521484375,
-0.08905315399169922,
0.2860260009765625,
0.18477630615234375,
-0.09987306594848633,
0.325836181640625,
0.28391265869140625,
0.17336273193359375,
-0.14659500122070312,
0.025982379913330078,
-0.207305908203125,
-0.17435836791992188,
0.371978759765625,
0.40283203125,
-0.3267660140991211,
-0.4307861328125,
0.30389404296875,
-0.164398193359375,
0.2287139892578125,
-0.058556556701660156,
-0.3221435546875,
-0.49560546875,
-0.050263285636901855,
0.440216064453125,
0.14691925048828125,
0.4018135070800781,
-0.13265037536621094,
-0.09955596923828125,
-0.746978759765625,
0.696533203125,
0.5537109375,
-0.323028564453125,
0.09369659423828125,
-0.63177490234375,
-0.05792093276977539,
0.475250244140625,
-0.161407470703125,
0.77203369140625,
0.6494140625,
0.02899169921875,
0.48138427734375,
0.5150146484375,
0.72149658203125,
0.33026123046875,
0.27622222900390625,
0.12649154663085938,
0.3818359375,
-0.3062896728515625,
-0.1312236785888672,
-0.1424999237060547,
-0.05817127227783203,
0.07810211181640625,
0.7247314453125,
0.2443695068359375,
0.48724365234375,
0.09575271606445312,
0.2656097412109375,
0.003809690475463867,
0.0138702392578125,
0.053661346435546875,
0.06011199951171875,
-0.2389373779296875,
0.3436279296875,
0.3816986083984375,
0.0196380615234375,
0.46124267578125,
0.62164306640625,
-0.04751873016357422,
0.18444061279296875,
0.7374267578125,
0.279693603515625,
0.21295166015625,
0.001247406005859375,
0.3693695068359375,
0.2717132568359375,
-0.03468132019042969,
0.18571853637695312,
0.516021728515625,
-0.12553787231445312,
-0.09596967697143555,
0.1712646484375,
-0.009034156799316406,
-0.24539947509765625,
0.0663614273071289,
0.19647216796875,
-0.0040569305419921875,
0.19623184204101562,
0.0465850830078125,
0.13151144981384277,
0.2700347900390625,
0.43817138671875,
-0.14030790328979492,
0.12255096435546875,
0.65008544921875,
0.5841064453125,
-0.16541290283203125,
0.2359161376953125,
-0.63568115234375,
0.06531339883804321,
0.0477752685546875,
0.001922607421875,
0.47247314453125,
-0.19425201416015625,
0.09404373168945312,
0.21823883056640625,
0.2239227294921875,
0.483123779296875,
0.10817146301269531,
0.05968523025512695,
0.06916427612304688,
-0.10650825500488281,
0.09596633911132812,
0.1535186767578125,
0.406341552734375,
-0.2949981689453125,
0.20962905883789062,
-0.25424957275390625,
-0.39642333984375,
-0.15985870361328125,
0.1608877182006836,
0.021786212921142578,
0.4103240966796875,
0.3314056396484375,
-0.21067047119140625,
0.060474395751953125,
-0.04822540283203125,
0.02180594950914383,
0.478973388671875,
0.04169550538063049,
-0.317596435546875,
0.16053009033203125,
-0.028076171875,
-0.06654739379882812,
0.21697998046875,
0.344818115234375,
0.19891357421875,
-0.8543701171875,
-0.010313659906387329,
0.13987159729003906,
-0.06101799011230469,
0.2756805419921875,
-0.046320438385009766,
-0.3576812744140625,
0.1487751007080078,
0.54583740234375,
0.17121124267578125,
0.3638916015625,
-0.1085357666015625,
0.17465972900390625,
0.06907176971435547,
0.21103858947753906,
-0.387298583984375,
0.1741924285888672,
0.312255859375,
-0.07444620132446289,
-0.2731170654296875,
0.35125732421875,
-0.3072509765625,
0.030777931213378906,
0.04790449142456055,
0.052936553955078125,
0.438568115234375,
0.2073516845703125,
-0.23773193359375,
-0.013303756713867188,
0.10816669464111328,
-0.13085174560546875,
-0.085174560546875,
0.11039590835571289,
0.18527984619140625,
0.15354537963867188,
0.389556884765625,
0.408111572265625,
-0.3741455078125,
-0.06875419616699219,
0.133270263671875,
0.65948486328125,
0.16965675354003906,
-0.11737060546875,
0.22629928588867188,
-0.29681396484375,
0.15448570251464844,
0.308013916015625,
-0.1727752685546875,
-0.1652355194091797,
0.061840057373046875,
0.21017074584960938,
-0.24627685546875,
0.1488347053527832,
0.596221923828125,
0.035770416259765625,
-0.1888580322265625,
0.131683349609375,
0.011510848999023438,
-0.335968017578125,
0.08517122268676758,
-0.346710205078125,
-0.05454063415527344,
-0.12642669677734375,
0.283447265625,
0.51495361328125,
-0.09000682830810547,
-0.37526416778564453,
-0.3167266845703125,
0.4351806640625,
0.3171539306640625,
-0.08721542358398438,
0.13112258911132812,
0.06802433729171753,
0.823455810546875,
-0.396514892578125,
0.631072998046875,
0.5032196044921875,
0.08617913722991943,
0.14180755615234375,
-0.16514039039611816,
-0.04775047302246094,
-0.18308162689208984,
0.38288116455078125,
0.35174560546875,
-0.14846420288085938,
0.07533717155456543,
0.1905059814453125,
0.335479736328125,
0.638153076171875,
0.18520355224609375,
0.2210235595703125,
0.656829833984375,
0.12821197509765625,
0.0486602783203125,
-0.348114013671875,
-0.2244110107421875,
0.07134723663330078,
0.14537429809570312,
-0.42718505859375,
0.15757036209106445,
-0.5343017578125,
0.06493186950683594,
0.3099517822265625,
0.46984100341796875,
0.6055908203125,
-0.3148345947265625,
-0.005959033966064453,
-0.044155120849609375,
0.118255615234375,
0.12546730041503906,
0.3222808837890625,
0.408599853515625,
-0.18280792236328125,
-0.12528228759765625,
-0.08724021911621094,
0.022652626037597656,
0.2688140869140625,
-0.39276123046875,
0.11900806427001953,
-0.001678466796875,
-0.13542556762695312,
0.6134033203125,
-0.11143875122070312,
0.03657478094100952,
0.2992095947265625,
0.028486639261245728,
-0.413970947265625,
0.31745147705078125,
0.2807769775390625,
0.82647705078125,
0.14606857299804688,
0.02944004535675049,
-0.20635986328125,
0.15076828002929688,
0.1419048309326172,
0.2737884521484375,
-0.12762832641601562,
0.2321014404296875,
-0.1910390853881836,
-0.017403364181518555,
-0.197662353515625,
-0.2617034912109375,
0.0511174201965332,
0.0962824821472168,
-0.5811767578125,
0.3695526123046875,
-0.16717529296875,
-0.27874755859375,
-0.1920166015625,
0.12846755981445312,
0.497528076171875,
0.55023193359375,
0.10537338256835938,
-0.04384660720825195,
0.613555908203125,
-0.04241657257080078,
-0.0122528076171875,
0.07302284240722656,
0.09808015823364258,
0.1805877685546875,
-0.23309326171875,
0.003951072692871094,
-0.13609695434570312,
0.35198974609375,
-0.1311492919921875,
0.2569427490234375,
-0.33538818359375,
0.019256770610809326,
0.13396453857421875,
0.12824058532714844,
0.1582794189453125,
0.13171672821044922,
-0.1159520149230957,
0.002758502960205078,
0.3323211669921875,
0.398834228515625,
-0.10891783237457275,
4.09716796875,
-0.21160888671875,
0.2127227783203125,
0.18999099731445312,
-0.26416015625,
0.12344741821289062,
0.3011322021484375,
-0.08049154281616211,
0.1893463134765625,
0.2893829345703125,
0.23621368408203125,
0.13949966430664062,
0.023036956787109375,
0.486114501953125,
0.1988983154296875,
0.434234619140625,
0.43365478515625,
0.017230987548828125,
0.23040771484375,
0.39044189453125,
-0.494171142578125,
0.77569580078125,
0.310821533203125,
-0.03504002094268799,
0.3389739990234375,
-0.289947509765625,
0.3987274169921875,
-0.24937820434570312,
0.09308052062988281,
0.09484094381332397,
0.311737060546875,
-0.210296630859375,
-0.048297882080078125,
0.29205322265625,
-0.42630767822265625,
0.510955810546875,
0.2850341796875,
-0.27679443359375,
0.2752838134765625,
0.3399200439453125,
-0.2083892822265625,
-0.07891082763671875,
0.3068084716796875,
0.551361083984375,
0.3464508056640625,
-0.430023193359375,
-0.17215824127197266,
0.511444091796875,
0.1267547607421875,
0.2794914245605469,
0.2695770263671875,
-0.007477760314941406,
-0.0736837387084961,
-0.12032508850097656,
0.053340911865234375,
0.496490478515625,
0.290679931640625,
0.449859619140625,
0.1284942626953125,
0.3703765869140625,
0.35064697265625,
-0.055995941162109375,
-0.01924896240234375,
-0.1821136474609375,
-0.308349609375,
-0.15206146240234375,
-0.1038055419921875,
0.45941162109375,
0.1823883056640625,
-0.525360107421875,
0.1937103271484375,
0.2976226806640625,
0.2869415283203125,
-0.18170928955078125,
0.1441059112548828,
-0.13228607177734375,
-0.15707778930664062,
0.3919677734375,
0.17492437362670898,
0.14249801635742188,
0.2129039764404297,
-0.13811874389648438,
0.13124847412109375,
0.2565155029296875,
-0.14127826690673828,
0.45947265625,
-0.051677703857421875,
-0.20044708251953125,
0.5755615234375,
0.08535099029541016,
0.174468994140625,
0.061682701110839844,
0.224700927734375,
0.2097015380859375,
0.40545654296875,
-0.14940643310546875,
0.389556884765625,
-4.01904296875,
0.016483783721923828,
-0.2909393310546875,
-0.19652557373046875,
0.09698200225830078,
0.05216407775878906,
0.011766433715820312,
0.16730117797851562,
-0.20781326293945312,
0.385711669921875,
0.0023956298828125,
-0.020252227783203125,
-0.13471221923828125,
0.9735107421875,
-0.0710906982421875,
0.42254638671875,
0.05681610107421875,
0.368194580078125,
0.321258544921875,
-0.20012664794921875,
0.195404052734375,
0.19942474365234375,
0.4124755859375,
0.09590721130371094,
0.4629058837890625,
0.03222990036010742,
0.24662017822265625,
-0.428802490234375,
-0.18062591552734375,
0.12795639038085938,
0.02383112907409668,
0.12799453735351562,
0.442474365234375,
-0.1959991455078125,
-0.205474853515625,
0.409210205078125,
0.5322265625,
0.3328399658203125,
0.37115478515625,
0.394927978515625,
-0.284820556640625,
0.08752277493476868,
0.009671211242675781,
0.12772750854492188,
0.34710693359375,
-0.28448486328125,
-0.3070526123046875,
0.13462448120117188,
-0.18759632110595703,
0.016582489013671875,
0.394256591796875,
0.22498321533203125,
-0.1360011100769043,
0.009543418884277344,
0.4088134765625,
0.0527033805847168,
0.2490997314453125,
-0.21604156494140625,
0.481201171875,
-0.15279006958007812,
-0.25049591064453125,
-0.14851760864257812,
0.055191993713378906,
0.0279693603515625,
-0.0989990234375,
-0.15884160995483398,
0.02721405029296875,
0.2523193359375,
0.3716583251953125,
0.18500423431396484,
-0.40789794921875,
0.3946075439453125,
0.3260040283203125,
0.11401748657226562,
0.08172369003295898,
0.3442535400390625,
-0.59130859375,
-0.10524749755859375,
0.4881591796875,
0.01566624641418457,
0.013014793395996094,
0.09081268310546875,
-0.4952392578125,
-0.0038137435913085938,
2.22509765625,
0.288055419921875,
2.2626953125,
-0.13788986206054688,
0.0134124755859375,
0.24683380126953125,
-0.42254638671875,
0.05940437316894531,
0.01716327667236328,
0.28287506103515625,
-0.15531349182128906,
0.1892695426940918,
-0.14782333374023438,
0.07897663116455078,
-0.2779388427734375,
-0.05789947509765625,
0.1852569580078125,
-0.717376708984375,
-0.12231159210205078,
-0.08934783935546875,
0.07901954650878906,
-0.051425933837890625,
-0.07346487045288086,
0.29327392578125,
0.41778564453125,
0.13112640380859375,
-0.4110107421875,
0.3153076171875,
0.2076416015625,
-0.08124923706054688,
0.2186279296875,
0.2409820556640625,
0.441497802734375,
0.27558135986328125,
-0.169921875,
0.14966201782226562,
-0.26690673828125,
4.7177734375,
0.08599090576171875,
-0.14136314392089844,
-0.171783447265625,
0.08687019348144531,
-0.0244598388671875,
0.35888671875,
0.14239501953125,
0.061982154846191406,
-0.0041675567626953125,
0.2723846435546875,
0.425872802734375,
0.08406448364257812,
-0.270233154296875,
0.3354339599609375,
0.019214153289794922,
-0.03040933609008789,
-0.04987621307373047,
0.1875,
0.06567764282226562,
0.18801116943359375,
0.3220367431640625,
-0.05676412582397461,
-0.08744621276855469,
-0.19693756103515625,
0.11726188659667969,
0.4595947265625,
-0.333343505859375,
-0.07351303100585938,
0.3594818115234375,
0.221099853515625,
5.46240234375,
0.4473876953125,
-0.013365745544433594,
0.054584503173828125,
-0.298248291015625,
0.3631591796875,
-0.3526458740234375,
-0.2089996337890625,
0.0962677001953125,
-0.1770782470703125,
-0.024257659912109375,
0.2214202880859375,
-0.642822265625,
0.3166084289550781,
-0.11524200439453125,
-0.13126373291015625,
-0.495330810546875,
0.3013153076171875,
0.22753334045410156,
-0.05507946014404297,
0.453948974609375,
-0.17614364624023438,
0.16924285888671875,
-0.3082427978515625,
0.0068511962890625,
-0.0055751800537109375,
-0.16361618041992188,
0.2099456787109375,
0.21306610107421875,
-0.57110595703125,
0.3508758544921875,
0.32952880859375,
0.018436431884765625,
0.2134246826171875,
-0.17999267578125,
-0.10384750366210938,
-0.003993511199951172,
0.06849384307861328,
0.10215950012207031,
-0.438201904296875,
0.478271484375,
-0.1016082763671875,
0.20183086395263672,
-0.1380481719970703,
-0.1398468017578125,
-0.02389085292816162,
0.10033035278320312,
0.25266170501708984,
-0.03498268127441406,
-0.27631378173828125,
0.14583206176757812,
-0.31235504150390625,
0.852935791015625,
0.3184356689453125,
-0.09100103378295898,
0.3922119140625,
0.264739990234375,
0.526824951171875,
0.1759357452392578,
-0.030791282653808594,
0.403289794921875,
0.14305877685546875,
0.03781747817993164,
0.2329559326171875,
0.4073486328125,
0.02745819091796875,
0.036043643951416016,
0.1404266357421875,
0.91290283203125,
-0.23958587646484375,
-0.05040311813354492,
0.4555511474609375,
-0.05336570739746094,
-0.12664794921875,
-0.003943443298339844,
-0.393280029296875,
-0.360076904296875,
-0.20793914794921875,
0.478973388671875,
0.07546278834342957,
-0.46856689453125,
-0.0941619873046875,
-0.12006378173828125,
-0.26563262939453125,
-0.10135269165039062,
0.2230224609375,
-0.151458740234375,
0.13061141967773438,
0.17755126953125,
0.219146728515625,
0.220245361328125,
0.56231689453125,
0.11210441589355469,
0.05297088623046875,
0.07688140869140625,
0.02291393280029297,
0.028133392333984375,
0.7298583984375,
0.0478668212890625,
0.42431640625,
-0.3276784420013428,
0.29931640625,
0.22552490234375,
-0.5843505859375,
0.22845458984375,
-0.300384521484375,
0.2952423095703125,
0.143585205078125,
-0.03167426586151123,
0.09445571899414062,
0.3691864013671875,
0.508209228515625,
-0.473114013671875,
-0.397979736328125,
-0.234161376953125
] |
63 | When did Justin Morgan first appear as a character on Home and Away? | [
{
"docid": "58436105#0",
"text": "Justin Morgan is a fictional character from the Australian television soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by James Stewart. The actor was contacted by his agent and the head of drama at Seven Network about the role. After hearing their pitch, Stewart auditioned and won the part. He began filming in December 2015, and made his first appearance during the episode broadcast on 7 June 2016. Justin was introduced to the show along with his three siblings; Tori Morgan (Penny McNamee), Brody Morgan (Jackson Heywood) and Mason Morgan (Orpheus Pledger). The family received immediate comparisons to the show's popular Braxton brothers.",
"title": "Justin Morgan (Home and Away)"
},
{
"docid": "58436105#3",
"text": "On 5 December 2015, Jonathon Moran from \"The Daily Telegraph\" reported that James Stewart had joined the cast of \"Home and Away\" as Justin Morgan, alongside actors Jackson Heywood and Orpheus Pledger who play his brothers Brody and Mason Morgan respectively. All three began filming their first scenes during the following week, ahead of their on-screen debut in 2016. Stewart was contacted by his agent and Julie McGauran, the head of drama at Seven Network, about a role in the show. After hearing the pitch, Stewart accepted the audition. \"Home and Away\" marks Stewart's second television appearance since he took time away from acting to be a stay-at-home dad. He commented, \"I got to the end of three years of raising my daughter and just thought, 'Oh, I need to work. I've got to get her through school.'\" New Zealand actor Benedict Wall also auditioned for the role of Justin, before he was later cast as Duncan Stewart. Stewart made his first appearance as Justin on 7 June 2016, alongside Heywood and Pledger.",
"title": "Justin Morgan (Home and Away)"
},
{
"docid": "48626417#14",
"text": "Justin Morgan, played by James Stewart, made his first screen appearance on 7 June 2016. The character and Stewart's casting was announced on 5 December 2015, alongside Jackson Heywood and Orpheus Pledger, who play Justin's brothers. The actors began filming their first scenes during the week commencing 7 December. Justin is Stewart's first on-going role since he took a year off to care for his young daughter. Like Heywood, Stewart expected Braxton brothers comparisons, but he told Jonathon Moran of The Daily Telegraph, \"Creating this family is probably more our priority than taking over the Brax boys. How do you take on Steve Peacocke (Brax)? I hope Australia is ready for it, it is the way it is.\" In August 2017, Stewart was longlisted for Best Daytime Star at the Inside Soap Awards. The nomination did not progress to the viewer-voted shortlist.",
"title": "List of Home and Away characters (2016)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6293922#0",
"text": "Ruth \"Roo\" Stewart (also Morgan) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Justine Clarke from 1988 to 1989. The character made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 20 January 1988. Clarke quit the role in 1989 and the character was written out. In August 2010, it was announced that Roo would return to \"Home and Away\" with Georgie Parker in the role. The character returned on 29 October 2010.",
"title": "Roo Stewart"
},
{
"docid": "52964970#29",
"text": "Willow Harris (also Ranger), played by Sarah Roberts, made her first appearance on 14 November 2017. Prior to securing the role of Willow, Roberts auditioned for both Kat Chapman and Scarlett Snow. She flew up from Melbourne to Sydney for the audition and had a chemistry reading with James Stewart, who plays Justin Morgan. Roberts did not think she had won the part, as it took a while for the producers to contact her. Roberts described Willow as a \"strong, female character\", who is also independent, loyal and fierce. The actress said Willow would bring \"mischief and a bit of trouble\" to Summer Bay. Roberts added that Willow was \"definitely a bad girl. But for all the right reasons. She has taken wrong turns and made decisions that some people would consider 'bad', but only to help the people that she loves.\" She soon becomes a love interest for Justin Morgan.",
"title": "List of Home and Away characters (2017)"
},
{
"docid": "56312939#3",
"text": "Lance Salisbury, played by Angus McLaren, made his first appearance on 17 April 2018. McLaren's casting and character details were announced on 16 April 2018. Of joining the cast, McLaren commented, \"It's very exciting. It hit home for me when I walked into the Diner and all the characters I've grown up watching were there.\" McLaren was reunited with his former \"Packed to the Rafters\" co-star James Stewart, who plays Justin Morgan. Lance is a federal agent and best friend of Robbo (Jake Ryan). Lance is involved with the circumstances surrounding Robbo's amnesia and he helps out as the \"mystery slowly gets unpacked.\" Lance also wants his friend to get justice.",
"title": "List of Home and Away characters (2018)"
},
{
"docid": "58436105#4",
"text": "Ahead of his screen debut, Stewart said his character's biggest strengths are \"his love for his family and the lengths he'll go to, to protect them from their past.\" He also described Justin as being \"impulsive and aggressive\", and having an \"alpha mentality\". Justin is a mechanic and an \"all-round typical Aussie bloke\" who enjoys sports and \"a good laugh.\" Stewart insisted that Justin was not a \"bad boy\" character, as had been suggested by various articles about the Morgans. He also joked that Justin likes to think he is good with women.",
"title": "Justin Morgan (Home and Away)"
},
{
"docid": "58436105#2",
"text": "During the witness protection storyline, Justin is reunited with his daughter Ava Gilbert (Grace Thomas), and he develops a relationship with Phoebe Nicholson (Isabella Giovinazzo), to whom he later becomes engaged. Following Giovinazzo's decision to leave the show, the couple break up when Phoebe leaves to pursue her music career in the United States. The character is then involved in an on/off relationship with Scarlett Snow (Tania Nolan). Later storylines have seen Justin begin a relationship with Willow Harris (Sarah Roberts), endure Ava's kidnapping, and targeted in a revenge campaign by Ebony Harding (Cariba Heine). For his portrayal of Justin, Stewart received a nomination for Best Daytime Star at the \"Inside Soap\" Awards. The character was branded \"the Morgan trouble magnet\" by a critic for \"Soaplife\".",
"title": "Justin Morgan (Home and Away)"
},
{
"docid": "52964970#1",
"text": "Riley Hawkins, played by Ryan O'Kane, made his first appearance on 31 January 2017. O'Kane's housemate Rob Mills also auditioned for the role. He was waiting for his agent to let him know the outcome when O'Kane revealed that he had won the part. Riley is introduced as Tori Morgan's (Penny McNamee) former boyfriend and a surgeon at the local hospital, who steps in to perform surgery on Justin Morgan (James Stewart). McNamee said the moment Tori is reunited with Riley is \"shocking\" for her because she has not seen him in seven years. While Riley is surprised to learn that Tori and her siblings have been in witness protection. Fellow doctor Nate Cooper (Kyle Pryor), who broke up with Tori, is jealous of her history with Riley.",
"title": "List of Home and Away characters (2017)"
},
{
"docid": "58132254#0",
"text": "Willow Harris (also Ranger) is a fictional character from the Australian television soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Sarah Roberts. The character made her first screen appearance on 14 November 2017. Roberts had auditioned for the roles of both Kat Chapman and Scarlett Snow prior to playing Willow. She auditioned successfully and attended screen testing with James Stewart who play's Willow's love interest Justin Morgan. Willow was originally going to be named Amber. She is characterised as a tough female who was raised in a broken home and has subsequently learned to look after herself. Roberts has said that she admires the character's strong personality. Willow is introduced into the show wearing leather, chains and riding a motorbike. This added to her image as a powerful female character.",
"title": "Willow Harris"
}
] | [
0.10315299034118652,
0.06892919540405273,
-0.21631479263305664,
0.15018653869628906,
-0.20521068572998047,
-0.06698989868164062,
0.18445992469787598,
-0.23919105529785156,
0.005474701523780823,
0.2706642150878906,
-0.23329687118530273,
-0.30096435546875,
-0.289520263671875,
-0.06522846221923828,
-0.21116065979003906,
0.3660721778869629,
0.2941627502441406,
-0.1958446502685547,
-0.17483901977539062,
0.146728515625,
0.062744140625,
0.5810699462890625,
-0.16158485412597656,
-0.086761474609375,
0.012025594711303711,
-0.1369786262512207,
-0.22001266479492188,
0.5083465576171875,
-0.09831598401069641,
0.1966075897216797,
0.4686431884765625,
-0.28936767578125,
-0.08008599281311035,
-0.0008764266967773438,
-0.16692686080932617,
0.51458740234375,
0.027801513671875,
0.04630565643310547,
0.364077091217041,
0.08967351913452148,
-0.2194690704345703,
-0.04378438740968704,
0.5596466064453125,
0.028994083404541016,
0.16759109497070312,
0.3642425537109375,
0.2470874786376953,
0.07052016258239746,
-0.1610574722290039,
0.32041168212890625,
-0.2735297679901123,
-0.395751953125,
0.00013595819473266602,
-0.25500011444091797,
-0.2929506301879883,
0.7198028564453125,
0.29845428466796875,
0.49285125732421875,
0.043868571519851685,
-0.16049957275390625,
0.24699020385742188,
0.022421836853027344,
-0.4796905517578125,
0.0163915753364563,
0.1453380584716797,
0.2021160125732422,
0.14528942108154297,
0.12424468994140625,
-0.010280847549438477,
0.17267227172851562,
0.4676361083984375,
0.47753143310546875,
0.36234283447265625,
-0.07833385467529297,
-0.15836763381958008,
-0.3975372314453125,
-0.013618946075439453,
0.24010181427001953,
0.2927703857421875,
-0.3555183410644531,
0.3807830810546875,
-0.1289505958557129,
-0.6463623046875,
0.37113189697265625,
0.1055908203125,
0.49945068359375,
0.18360662460327148,
0.02874469757080078,
0.2681236267089844,
0.3828582763671875,
-0.11936235427856445,
-0.00048542022705078125,
-0.14619684219360352,
0.0793461799621582,
0.014955222606658936,
-0.1277790069580078,
0.11173534393310547,
-0.41397857666015625,
0.1339702606201172,
-0.5953521728515625,
-0.31401824951171875,
-0.20000839233398438,
-0.2408924102783203,
0.194237619638443,
0.06576824188232422,
-0.424102783203125,
-0.2298339605331421,
0.08022093772888184,
-0.003159761428833008,
0.4305572509765625,
0.37701416015625,
-0.28281402587890625,
0.19666290283203125,
-0.07668554782867432,
-0.06986784934997559,
0.430999755859375,
0.262434720993042,
-0.2744903564453125,
-0.4007089138031006,
-1.028350830078125,
0.4827251434326172,
0.510467529296875,
-0.09234285354614258,
-0.08930110931396484,
0.14134001731872559,
0.03868347406387329,
0.683685302734375,
-0.2319166660308838,
0.5635528564453125,
0.6152496337890625,
0.33034420013427734,
0.12465184926986694,
-0.1452808380126953,
0.83984375,
0.650360107421875,
-0.15213584899902344,
0.15692901611328125,
-0.23069286346435547,
-0.35463714599609375,
0.023416519165039062,
-0.4323272705078125,
-0.35160064697265625,
0.26131153106689453,
0.493072509765625,
-0.05430793762207031,
0.3655548095703125,
0.11743450164794922,
0.26689910888671875,
0.1699676513671875,
0.4327850341796875,
0.36277008056640625,
-0.2012920379638672,
-0.14734065532684326,
0.522705078125,
-0.059459149837493896,
0.1715068817138672,
0.3070640563964844,
0.12319767475128174,
-0.56927490234375,
-0.20513153076171875,
0.7048797607421875,
0.404754638671875,
0.48477935791015625,
0.648468017578125,
-0.19018840789794922,
0.34906005859375,
-0.3923797607421875,
0.3228168487548828,
0.4080810546875,
0.010304689407348633,
-0.17710494995117188,
0.2486248016357422,
0.4549598693847656,
-0.04071462154388428,
0.02434682846069336,
0.03218473121523857,
-0.18545150756835938,
-0.03859567642211914,
0.15696144104003906,
-0.04394817352294922,
-0.03815746307373047,
-0.15201187133789062,
0.11061477661132812,
-0.17085886001586914,
0.532470703125,
0.4025421142578125,
-0.2645111083984375,
-0.21112298965454102,
-0.18170738220214844,
0.64996337890625,
0.30889892578125,
0.12874341011047363,
0.695068359375,
-0.11239349842071533,
-0.07668685913085938,
0.18647003173828125,
-0.08549785614013672,
0.12923526763916016,
-0.2887001037597656,
0.23715591430664062,
-0.3211555480957031,
-0.16055870056152344,
-0.3446502685546875,
0.35079193115234375,
0.5895843505859375,
-0.3275794982910156,
0.30730438232421875,
-0.22276020050048828,
-0.11562156677246094,
-0.09566688537597656,
0.15765857696533203,
0.21765518188476562,
0.46215057373046875,
0.11994290351867676,
0.08498334884643555,
0.34759521484375,
-0.05486374348402023,
-0.12296676635742188,
0.38858604431152344,
0.362823486328125,
-0.28360748291015625,
0.27277469635009766,
-0.039691925048828125,
-0.003908634185791016,
0.38178253173828125,
-0.1900768280029297,
-0.22869873046875,
-0.4587821960449219,
0.09581756591796875,
0.19853591918945312,
0.47689056396484375,
0.3264026641845703,
0.16035938262939453,
0.11363792419433594,
0.021173477172851562,
-0.193145751953125,
0.237060546875,
-0.368560791015625,
-0.05629467964172363,
-0.024245262145996094,
0.019643783569335938,
-0.00202178955078125,
-0.686981201171875,
0.39268970489501953,
0.2824859619140625,
-0.24155569076538086,
-0.0920400619506836,
0.3140554428100586,
-0.39640045166015625,
-0.057804107666015625,
-0.09860563278198242,
0.10172748565673828,
-0.08396399021148682,
0.008500099182128906,
0.2070460319519043,
0.12108421325683594,
0.36077117919921875,
0.15909194946289062,
-0.2454090118408203,
0.049724578857421875,
0.14435482025146484,
0.13868045806884766,
0.44708251953125,
0.34174346923828125,
-0.030478715896606445,
0.039490699768066406,
0.36367034912109375,
0.6325225830078125,
-0.1783905029296875,
0.336139440536499,
0.4177393913269043,
0.01467752456665039,
0.028048858046531677,
0.6558380126953125,
-0.23249173164367676,
0.3748931884765625,
-0.2835807800292969,
0.15816593170166016,
-0.4802398681640625,
0.1614748239517212,
0.2634429931640625,
0.030701935291290283,
0.0363311767578125,
0.20089244842529297,
0.3235931396484375,
0.2933502197265625,
0.033082008361816406,
-0.029210329055786133,
-0.29376220703125,
0.1707754135131836,
0.058815717697143555,
0.23110198974609375,
-0.11298656463623047,
-0.16184139251708984,
-0.34193992614746094,
-0.20296096801757812,
0.34228515625,
-0.039099693298339844,
0.26409149169921875,
-0.12304115295410156,
0.5274200439453125,
-0.8184814453125,
0.4022655487060547,
0.45938873291015625,
0.1403672695159912,
-0.4802093505859375,
0.035181522369384766,
0.7175445556640625,
0.1541433334350586,
0.16290664672851562,
0.6450881958007812,
-0.528533935546875,
-0.03679525852203369,
0.5547027587890625,
0.11337089538574219,
0.5748291015625,
0.30127429962158203,
0.07019472122192383,
0.5069656372070312,
-0.05009639263153076,
0.25457286834716797,
-0.47161865234375,
-0.28604888916015625,
-0.11594581604003906,
0.11867094039916992,
-0.18659520149230957,
0.22455167770385742,
-0.10523509979248047,
0.44623565673828125,
-0.07688033580780029,
0.12031745910644531,
-0.2781105041503906,
0.219879150390625,
-0.81109619140625,
-0.12369632720947266,
0.04447221755981445,
0.3180122375488281,
0.38874244689941406,
0.3303985595703125,
0.051093101501464844,
0.24394702911376953,
-0.03949165344238281,
0.10008096694946289,
0.36560821533203125,
-0.015117645263671875,
0.16049575805664062,
0.07311511039733887,
0.2445223331451416,
0.012886583805084229,
0.17316055297851562,
0.4606781005859375,
-0.0814518928527832,
0.1123504638671875,
-0.15935230255126953,
0.18883609771728516,
0.010354995727539062,
0.23474502563476562,
-0.23531341552734375,
-0.14251708984375,
-0.14718258380889893,
0.1281871795654297,
-0.08405369520187378,
-0.024524450302124023,
0.31517601013183594,
0.585052490234375,
0.11301469802856445,
-0.2829093933105469,
-0.13361549377441406,
0.07924413681030273,
0.22888565063476562,
0.14309215545654297,
0.3433256149291992,
0.3773651123046875,
0.492431640625,
-0.03444051742553711,
-0.16912841796875,
-0.10231363773345947,
0.63580322265625,
0.315765380859375,
0.19759798049926758,
0.2942924499511719,
0.6062774658203125,
0.3497200012207031,
0.1894996166229248,
-0.5182967185974121,
-0.13601338863372803,
-0.20653152465820312,
0.20179271697998047,
0.17808294296264648,
0.29085540771484375,
0.64581298828125,
0.03589677810668945,
0.02293694019317627,
0.2607536315917969,
-0.23156356811523438,
-0.416900634765625,
0.347930908203125,
0.469451904296875,
0.478179931640625,
0.39217376708984375,
-0.34525299072265625,
0.4534759521484375,
0.4105987548828125,
0.2724609375,
4.2408447265625,
-0.18493270874023438,
-0.13029098510742188,
-0.15518784523010254,
-0.3919525146484375,
-0.16174793243408203,
0.2423456311225891,
0.22153282165527344,
-0.11622333526611328,
-0.06954610347747803,
-0.22464370727539062,
-0.01052403450012207,
0.35565948486328125,
0.00018405914306640625,
-0.38039398193359375,
0.3136100769042969,
0.4666290283203125,
-0.11777019500732422,
0.06653225421905518,
0.3845672607421875,
-0.16448259353637695,
0.1255664825439453,
-0.06551647186279297,
0.42987060546875,
0.5290164947509766,
-0.28022003173828125,
0.72161865234375,
0.04461956024169922,
0.16843032836914062,
0.13307762145996094,
0.2508258819580078,
-0.36066436767578125,
0.02369856834411621,
-0.12762451171875,
-1.20367431640625,
0.40325927734375,
0.4682464599609375,
0.619232177734375,
0.3130340576171875,
0.1432638168334961,
-0.18454647064208984,
-0.18249893188476562,
0.17284464836120605,
0.31561279296875,
0.47727394104003906,
-0.11517524719238281,
0.1282024383544922,
0.580535888671875,
0.703521728515625,
-0.08164286613464355,
0.10995876789093018,
0.16562700271606445,
-0.20021820068359375,
-0.250091552734375,
0.19860076904296875,
0.31925201416015625,
0.046663761138916016,
0.35700225830078125,
0.1399097442626953,
-0.06297063827514648,
0.4701080322265625,
-0.2424907684326172,
0.4557342529296875,
0.29019927978515625,
-0.6052703857421875,
-0.3331413269042969,
-0.16311264038085938,
0.3081169128417969,
0.17694091796875,
0.08470773696899414,
0.2910881042480469,
0.3643035888671875,
0.2424478530883789,
-0.4808502197265625,
0.29105186462402344,
0.27985286712646484,
-0.24680709838867188,
0.02141857147216797,
-0.35472869873046875,
0.09221339225769043,
-0.013072013854980469,
-0.2129659652709961,
0.2860391139984131,
0.502166748046875,
-0.05567249655723572,
0.5071868896484375,
0.051133155822753906,
-0.21869605779647827,
0.029308319091796875,
0.1497955322265625,
0.433807373046875,
-0.1199941635131836,
-0.11481356620788574,
0.5217132568359375,
0.30730438232421875,
0.07802021503448486,
-0.10494089126586914,
-3.909423828125,
0.05903925001621246,
-0.06918931007385254,
0.06663799285888672,
0.23050689697265625,
0.24971389770507812,
0.2709197998046875,
0.17476272583007812,
-0.53021240234375,
0.5188140869140625,
-0.36432933807373047,
-0.039556264877319336,
-0.27532196044921875,
0.6381988525390625,
0.30694580078125,
0.049567222595214844,
-0.2680964469909668,
0.4319915771484375,
0.25778961181640625,
-0.13758563995361328,
-0.5299453735351562,
-0.03953862190246582,
0.62957763671875,
-0.5331344604492188,
0.02727794647216797,
-0.21457862854003906,
0.014078378677368164,
-0.17410564422607422,
-0.288604736328125,
0.11800318956375122,
-0.3051605224609375,
0.02889847755432129,
0.27822113037109375,
-0.09769153594970703,
0.33316802978515625,
0.23636817932128906,
0.3846719264984131,
0.17684555053710938,
0.810821533203125,
-0.0070116519927978516,
-0.15546417236328125,
0.1572260856628418,
0.3284759521484375,
0.4841156005859375,
-0.0915365219116211,
0.14036887884140015,
-0.361541748046875,
0.09781932830810547,
-0.256988525390625,
-0.049439430236816406,
0.0015697479248046875,
0.3906402587890625,
-0.329498291015625,
0.30266571044921875,
0.5483551025390625,
0.21893692016601562,
0.17870354652404785,
0.18098926544189453,
0.2383136749267578,
0.261155366897583,
0.05139362812042236,
-0.7509765625,
0.07079088687896729,
0.16549301147460938,
0.5766448974609375,
-0.011567831039428711,
0.20931243896484375,
-0.20939874649047852,
-0.41007232666015625,
-0.36315345764160156,
0.19857215881347656,
0.33315277099609375,
0.05454671382904053,
-0.14709711074829102,
0.23526763916015625,
0.40425872802734375,
-0.016628265380859375,
0.02163410186767578,
0.3984336853027344,
-0.014978885650634766,
-0.08635139465332031,
-0.04644584655761719,
-0.3982391357421875,
0.406524658203125,
2.27740478515625,
0.22058486938476562,
2.24298095703125,
0.025676727294921875,
0.3189544677734375,
0.27936553955078125,
-0.5403289794921875,
0.24663543701171875,
0.17867660522460938,
-0.2908172607421875,
0.2361602783203125,
-0.315216064453125,
-0.19522571563720703,
0.291107177734375,
0.08546257019042969,
-0.1375284194946289,
0.1682586669921875,
-1.153839111328125,
0.12643051147460938,
-0.014798879623413086,
0.06675386428833008,
0.09240484237670898,
-0.015287041664123535,
-0.36463165283203125,
0.2597541809082031,
-0.2931556701660156,
-0.1646747589111328,
-0.06574559211730957,
0.24008750915527344,
-0.17369842529296875,
-0.1965808868408203,
0.023851871490478516,
0.05156254768371582,
0.23673886060714722,
0.6094207763671875,
0.5166778564453125,
-0.3571014404296875,
4.655517578125,
0.46001434326171875,
-0.00896453857421875,
-0.5644989013671875,
0.00833749771118164,
0.31268310546875,
0.563812255859375,
-0.15801239013671875,
0.1417827606201172,
0.5182647705078125,
0.3528022766113281,
0.15903663635253906,
-0.002063751220703125,
-0.0015964508056640625,
0.475311279296875,
0.4360809326171875,
-0.22469329833984375,
0.20045089721679688,
0.39154815673828125,
0.3131599426269531,
-0.3585205078125,
-0.03813302516937256,
0.19900131225585938,
0.02330613136291504,
-0.2823352813720703,
-0.21241188049316406,
0.13054299354553223,
-0.16009783744812012,
-0.05608081817626953,
0.1130533218383789,
-0.1475696563720703,
5.377685546875,
0.38812255859375,
-0.07338833808898926,
-0.18849945068359375,
-0.1785755157470703,
0.36592864990234375,
-0.026844024658203125,
0.192138671875,
-0.563995361328125,
-0.0941619873046875,
-0.2379913330078125,
0.1775503158569336,
-0.13572311401367188,
0.37569427490234375,
0.073292076587677,
0.05119681358337402,
-0.24584197998046875,
0.15646374225616455,
0.29610443115234375,
-0.2101917266845703,
0.66156005859375,
0.2196512222290039,
0.5365447998046875,
-0.36363983154296875,
-0.6291351318359375,
-0.0422821044921875,
-0.30584716796875,
0.1917300820350647,
0.040311336517333984,
0.16611814498901367,
0.4264373779296875,
0.5361328125,
0.08263587951660156,
0.22260284423828125,
0.15081214904785156,
0.3064098358154297,
0.35845184326171875,
0.1496143341064453,
0.17462420463562012,
-0.19477415084838867,
0.35587310791015625,
0.46105194091796875,
0.2809791564941406,
-0.1439647674560547,
-0.023973047733306885,
0.058830857276916504,
-0.1576704978942871,
-0.03870964050292969,
0.0261269211769104,
0.12244606018066406,
0.16769051551818848,
-0.1909046173095703,
0.929779052734375,
0.4163055419921875,
-0.1299971342086792,
0.1693425178527832,
-0.12228012084960938,
0.711669921875,
-0.18954253196716309,
-0.65234375,
0.5314102172851562,
0.10903501510620117,
0.09152698516845703,
0.3343963623046875,
0.1852569580078125,
0.4676399230957031,
-0.09413683414459229,
-0.03592342138290405,
0.674713134765625,
-0.13001775741577148,
0.47020721435546875,
0.14408493041992188,
-0.2526359558105469,
0.1969771385192871,
0.12648677825927734,
0.021453022956848145,
0.6187286376953125,
-0.0804896354675293,
-0.05716747045516968,
-0.07116544991731644,
-0.0004916191101074219,
-0.09006500244140625,
-0.20177793502807617,
-0.3459892272949219,
-0.12262439727783203,
0.35556793212890625,
-0.14429092407226562,
0.12495040893554688,
0.9238319396972656,
0.18023300170898438,
-0.0028378963470458984,
0.35196685791015625,
-0.04950141906738281,
0.02787017822265625,
-0.07122802734375,
0.27236175537109375,
-0.2583214044570923,
0.4667625427246094,
0.10451793670654297,
0.03241395950317383,
-0.4531726837158203,
0.41351318359375,
-0.05031776428222656,
0.12026667594909668,
0.31536865234375,
-0.07778692245483398,
0.3358306884765625,
0.10094130039215088,
0.14217376708984375,
0.07865142822265625,
0.3517036437988281,
0.3083953857421875,
0.11042940616607666,
0.31247711181640625,
-0.38037109375
] |
64 | How many people live in china? | [
{
"docid": "33053163#1",
"text": "According to the 2006 census, 82.96 million disabled people live in China, an estimated 6.34% of the overall population. This statistic had a 1.44% increase from the year 1987. Men outnumber women in China’s 1.35 billion population making it no surprise that more than half of the people with disabilities are male. The number of disabled people living in the rural areas of China is 75% of the disabled population, compared to the urban which held 25% of the disabled population. Specifically relating to school-aged population, disabled children at the age between 6-14 reached to 2.46 million, 2.96% of the total disabled population. Less than 3% of China’s disabled population is in the school-aged demographic. Although this statistic is shockingly low, the one child policy contributes to much of the population decreases seen in recent history especially among school-aged children. China categorizes disabilities differently than in other nations, for example China identified 5% of their school-aged population to be in need of special education whereas The United States identified 10% of their school-aged population; this comparison is a result of China not recognizing learning disabilities or disorders such as ADHD to be in need of special services whereas many other nations do.\nEducational opportunities for disabled Chinese are lacking, causing elevated poverty and poor living conditions .",
"title": "Special education in China"
},
{
"docid": "35741982#1",
"text": "China has four times the population of the U.S., within roughly the same area. With 1.3 billion inhabitants, 20% of the world’s population lives in China. While the rate of population growth has been declining for decades, the total number of inhabitants has been growing and is expected to do so through 2030. China’s urban population is growing rapidly; between 1950 and 2009, the percentage of the population living in urban areas quadrupled from 14% to 48%. Meanwhile, the rural population is declining, opening the landscape in areas that are not urbanized. The forests and farming land of eastern China support far more people and major cities than do the grasslands, deserts, and high mountain regions of the west.",
"title": "Land use in China"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "30553071#20",
"text": "As a result of the lack of formal registration and structure, it is difficult to ascertain with some degree of certainty, the number of Bahá'ís in China. The number of active followers of Bahá'u'lláh's Teachings in China has spread beyond the scope of knowledge of the existing administrative structures. Certainly there are active followers of the teachings of Bahá'u'lláh in all of the major cities of China and in many regional centers and rural areas. China also has a substantial community of interest that see in the Bahá'í Writings guidance on how to live better lives, build a stronger family, be better parents, help their neighborhoods, communities and country by practicing all or part of the Bahá'í Teachings.\nIn recent years the foreign Bahá'ís living in China, in consultation with the relevant local authorities, have formed Foreign Bahá'í Associations. Currently there are Foreign Bahá'í Associations in five cities (Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Shenzhen). They gather, with the knowledge of local authorities, in certain designated public places for spiritual gatherings, the observance of Bahá'í Holy Days and activities related to the spiritual education of their children and junior youth. These groups also aim to demonstrate the sincerity and the desire of foreign Bahá'ís to contribute to the advancement of China and its peoples.",
"title": "Bahá'í Faith in China"
},
{
"docid": "992676#5",
"text": "In north China, especially on the Loess Plateau, caves called yaodongs dug into hillsides have been the traditional dwellings from early times. The advantage of a yaodong over an ordinary house is that it needs little heating in winter and no cooling in summer. An estimated 40 million people in northern China live in a yaodong. Many people live in semi-recessed dugout houses in north-western China where hot summer and cold winters prevail.",
"title": "Dugout (shelter)"
},
{
"docid": "28957947#5",
"text": "The number in the Mainland is growing rapidly with the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China recording 15,051 Indian nationals living in mainland China as of 2010. Other sources report more with a columnist for the \"Economic Times\" stating that the number of Indians in China was 45-48,000 in 2015. Many Indians in China are students, traders and professionals employed with MNCs, Indian companies and banks.",
"title": "Indians in China"
},
{
"docid": "14176515#9",
"text": "Since the 1990s there has been an increasing number of apartment built in China which remain empty. By 2010 approximately 65 million apartments, capable of housing some 250 million people, were unoccupied, due to there being too expensive for the majority of Chinese to purchase or rent. At the same time many millions of urban Chinese remained living in slums. But, as the urbanization rate in China remains high (approx. 20 million Chinese move from rural areas each year) this problem is not severe and many so-called \"ghost cities\" become inhabited. As for 2012, there is 35 sq.meters per person in average and construction rate exceeds 1.5 sq. meters per year which allows total living area to exceed 50 sq. meters per capital as soon as in the year 2020.",
"title": "Standard of living in China"
},
{
"docid": "13676354#0",
"text": "Internal migration in the People's Republic of China is one of the most extensive in the world according to the International Labour Organization. In fact, research done by Kam Wing Chan of the University of Washington suggests that \"In the 30 years since 1979, China's urban population has grown by about 440 million to 622 million in 2009. Of the 440 million increase, about 340 million was attributable to net migration and urban reclassification. Even if only half of that increase was migration, the volume of rural-urban migration in such a short period is likely the largest in human history.\" Migrants in China are commonly members of a floating population, which refers primarily to migrants in China without local household registration status through the Chinese Hukou system. In general, rural-urban migrant workers are most excluded from local educational resources, citywide social welfare programs and many jobs because of their lack of hukou status. Migrant workers are not necessarily rural workers; they can simply be people living in urban areas with rural household registration.",
"title": "Migration in China"
},
{
"docid": "35294700#1",
"text": "China is building a security barrier along its border with North Korea to prevent the defectors or refugees from North Korea. Also, many immigrants from Mongolia have tried to make it to China. There might be as many as 100,000 Africans and Arabs in Guangzhou, mostly illegal overstayers. To encourage people to report foreigners living illegally in China, the police are giving a 100 yuan reward to whistleblowers whose information successfully leads to an expulsion.",
"title": "Illegal immigration to China"
},
{
"docid": "23238#25",
"text": "China is the most populated country in the world and its national population density (137/km) is similar to those of Switzerland and the Czech Republic. The overall population density of China conceals major regional variations, the western and northern part have a few million people, while eastern half has about 1.3 billion. The vast majority of China's population lives near the east in major cities.\nIn the 11 provinces, special municipalities, and autonomous regions along the southeast coast, population density was 320.6 people per km.",
"title": "Demographics of China"
},
{
"docid": "29620429#3",
"text": "As of October 2009, the number of Japanese nationals living in China is 127,282 (including 21,518 in Hong Kong and Macau) according to a report by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the third largest group of Japanese people outside Japan after Brazil and United States. However, the 2010 Census of the People's Republic of China recorded 66,159 foreign nationals from Japan residing in Mainland China (figure excluding Hong Kong and Macau), representing nearly half of the Japanese Foreign Affairs Ministry figure. The number of Japanese emigrants to China and their descendants are unknown.",
"title": "Japanese people in China"
}
] | [
0.3582221269607544,
-0.0709177628159523,
-0.4355197548866272,
0.0649498850107193,
-0.1686062216758728,
-0.3059624433517456,
0.3429361879825592,
-0.3619384765625,
0.26397112011909485,
0.1503787636756897,
-0.556396484375,
-0.525634765625,
-0.04066552221775055,
-0.092254638671875,
-0.3949110209941864,
0.1611684113740921,
0.2656928300857544,
0.4732801616191864,
-0.6053330898284912,
0.1412421315908432,
0.1283043771982193,
0.4471842348575592,
0.1253696084022522,
0.08700137585401535,
0.0830824077129364,
-0.2833658754825592,
-0.1568400114774704,
0.3306884765625,
-0.3229709267616272,
0.1474083811044693,
0.4849989116191864,
-0.024700799956917763,
0.1275363564491272,
0.4318440854549408,
-0.1604800820350647,
0.4714084267616272,
0.18280029296875,
-0.0998569056391716,
-0.0459476038813591,
0.0487094447016716,
-0.11801306158304214,
0.1662156879901886,
0.08602862805128098,
0.1700710654258728,
-0.1635606586933136,
-0.2509630024433136,
-0.2972005307674408,
-0.1248067244887352,
-0.2378014475107193,
0.1734500527381897,
-0.2824978232383728,
0.0601399727165699,
-0.1867201030254364,
-0.0665147602558136,
-0.1911146342754364,
0.3306342363357544,
0.0321316197514534,
0.6660427451133728,
-0.09577306360006332,
-0.03756628930568695,
-0.0649447962641716,
-0.03564023971557617,
0.014914671890437603,
0.03046586737036705,
0.3422309160232544,
0.2112833708524704,
0.0129564069211483,
0.3412814736366272,
0.7484266757965088,
0.16590642929077148,
-0.2097286581993103,
0.3466796875,
0.6206597089767456,
0.1094462051987648,
-0.09565014392137527,
-0.6522352695465088,
-0.0017988416366279125,
-0.0010308159980922937,
0.08099365234375,
-0.1617669016122818,
0.5929090976715088,
-0.1648186594247818,
0.01521894708275795,
0.1016167551279068,
-0.1021406352519989,
0.6744248867034912,
0.013536029495298862,
0.18743896484375,
0.3603380024433136,
0.4148084819316864,
0.005924648605287075,
0.3066813051700592,
-0.3409898579120636,
-0.050882551819086075,
0.1576317697763443,
0.5139702558517456,
0.1716901957988739,
0.2307874858379364,
-0.2765977680683136,
-0.037086062133312225,
-0.2073771208524704,
-0.1341145783662796,
0.0810784250497818,
0.6189236044883728,
0.4654947817325592,
-0.4810384213924408,
0.1529337614774704,
0.3398573100566864,
0.0711686909198761,
0.2494167685508728,
0.09661865234375,
-0.1561041921377182,
-0.06205664575099945,
0.0622762031853199,
-0.02806938998401165,
0.018983205780386925,
0.5885688066482544,
-0.1528608500957489,
-0.2538994550704956,
-0.6439616084098816,
0.2783135175704956,
0.1144612655043602,
-0.227752685546875,
-0.1973334401845932,
0.17123794555664062,
0.1784464567899704,
0.39990234375,
-0.1746927946805954,
0.4879285991191864,
0.1411895751953125,
-0.1000484898686409,
0.53759765625,
0.17790645360946655,
0.5198838710784912,
0.1751810759305954,
0.2060307413339615,
0.1386922150850296,
-0.1787448525428772,
0.2349582314491272,
-0.2593519389629364,
0.09183692932128906,
0.06808047741651535,
-0.0202314592897892,
0.9831814169883728,
-0.2706434428691864,
0.3965386152267456,
0.1442699432373047,
0.4356282651424408,
0.1657443642616272,
0.2236124724149704,
-0.1231418177485466,
0.1668226420879364,
-0.3608127236366272,
0.3541938066482544,
-0.4299587607383728,
0.0708448588848114,
0.03930918499827385,
-0.2170206755399704,
0.215179443359375,
0.1163109689950943,
0.7335069179534912,
0.3415662944316864,
0.355224609375,
0.6143391728401184,
-0.1307593435049057,
-0.3301052451133728,
-0.011841880157589912,
0.3489583432674408,
0.6064995527267456,
0.042490217834711075,
-0.2745225727558136,
0.2343105673789978,
-0.03972286731004715,
-0.3860948383808136,
0.3065117597579956,
0.1875813752412796,
-0.0644582137465477,
-0.1500311940908432,
0.2173733115196228,
0.0810004323720932,
0.0714602991938591,
-0.0524156354367733,
0.1105889230966568,
0.07395850121974945,
0.4946560263633728,
-0.0595821812748909,
-0.0769585520029068,
0.07123269140720367,
-0.3529459536075592,
-0.06595738977193832,
-0.1173231303691864,
-0.1281399130821228,
0.6010470986366272,
0.2267710417509079,
-0.2056138813495636,
-0.0341050885617733,
-0.045747969299554825,
0.18145751953125,
0.1705135703086853,
0.5258246660232544,
-0.023142920807003975,
-0.04691801965236664,
-0.1550699919462204,
0.1693250834941864,
0.3520779013633728,
-0.1509874165058136,
0.120269775390625,
0.2297634482383728,
-0.1401028037071228,
-0.2996012270450592,
0.1520623117685318,
0.06163385137915611,
0.0542195625603199,
0.3776313066482544,
-0.3619520366191864,
0.14716169238090515,
0.0735948383808136,
0.0182461217045784,
0.34173583984375,
0.0409783273935318,
-0.2836371660232544,
0.4996744692325592,
-0.1468912810087204,
-0.09372329711914062,
0.01139153353869915,
-0.07222451269626617,
-0.5196669101715088,
-0.2767062783241272,
0.0839487686753273,
0.0667385533452034,
0.29010009765625,
0.3008490800857544,
0.0251346156001091,
0.2649468183517456,
0.08956146240234375,
0.2836235761642456,
0.0674218088388443,
0.2038981169462204,
0.19215986132621765,
-0.05235714465379715,
0.4769693911075592,
0.014912075363099575,
-0.0286280307918787,
0.2895779013633728,
0.3967827558517456,
-0.1821696013212204,
0.2672254741191864,
-0.1193305104970932,
-0.5472005009651184,
-0.11370849609375,
0.0651651993393898,
0.2704806923866272,
0.2009209543466568,
-0.03841929882764816,
-0.13787078857421875,
0.5491536259651184,
0.5153266191482544,
-0.0281838309019804,
0.17238828539848328,
0.2248942106962204,
0.2786729633808136,
0.4246690571308136,
0.4717610776424408,
0.0887179896235466,
-0.1999443918466568,
0.191162109375,
0.2897542417049408,
0.48974609375,
0.2977294921875,
0.1203138530254364,
0.1718546599149704,
-0.4023979902267456,
0.053497314453125,
-0.13770167529582977,
0.1597968190908432,
-0.3448147177696228,
0.164306640625,
-0.0451643206179142,
-0.4913872480392456,
0.6105685830116272,
0.2616780698299408,
0.009052700363099575,
-0.2369520366191864,
-0.2193959504365921,
0.2427164763212204,
0.2643636167049408,
0.116943359375,
0.1324937641620636,
-0.2890353798866272,
0.024688720703125,
0.3721788227558136,
0.5241970419883728,
-0.02474583499133587,
-0.3856336772441864,
-0.167694091796875,
0.5319010615348816,
-0.1007622629404068,
0.3398166298866272,
0.3235541582107544,
-0.1834767609834671,
0.4108479917049408,
-0.2383558452129364,
-0.1081305593252182,
0.4806315004825592,
0.1742129921913147,
0.2342597097158432,
0.0535617396235466,
0.015476014465093613,
-0.4071994423866272,
0.1283162385225296,
-0.0029212103690952063,
-0.2969699501991272,
-0.2183024138212204,
0.6226399540901184,
0.3753797709941864,
0.1817626953125,
0.0544264055788517,
-0.02112664096057415,
0.17051441967487335,
-0.014423052780330181,
-0.033387474715709686,
0.07211553305387497,
-0.2650010883808136,
-0.1864827424287796,
0.2015109658241272,
-0.7660454511642456,
-0.0628238245844841,
-0.2785237729549408,
0.3647867739200592,
0.2554694414138794,
0.1876627653837204,
0.1661309152841568,
-0.2280680388212204,
-0.1461859792470932,
-0.1234758198261261,
0.1667226105928421,
0.3624131977558136,
0.011846039444208145,
0.2485826313495636,
-0.2043321430683136,
0.3459337055683136,
0.12197431176900864,
-0.06266403198242188,
0.3565267026424408,
0.2542995810508728,
0.1670125275850296,
0.2320827841758728,
0.1059841588139534,
0.0928463414311409,
-0.3199056088924408,
-0.0689459890127182,
0.2576429545879364,
-0.3002794086933136,
0.3862033486366272,
0.50537109375,
0.21011056005954742,
0.4675835371017456,
-0.1038055419921875,
-0.0217861607670784,
-0.3072102963924408,
0.3246120810508728,
0.2257046103477478,
0.3872748613357544,
0.331298828125,
0.1152682825922966,
0.3417154848575592,
-0.1483357697725296,
-0.08496157079935074,
0.5243327021598816,
-0.0948537215590477,
0.337646484375,
0.1861674040555954,
0.05587514117360115,
0.4349500834941864,
-0.1121826171875,
-0.4484320878982544,
0.1165364608168602,
0.1522352397441864,
0.4860025942325592,
0.038561925292015076,
-0.1831325888633728,
0.6251627802848816,
0.062416501343250275,
-0.1501397043466568,
0.033666081726551056,
-0.1434461772441864,
0.0863596573472023,
0.2016194611787796,
0.0388827845454216,
-0.1687452495098114,
0.1027849018573761,
-0.202880859375,
0.3373481035232544,
-0.0922427698969841,
-0.5280219316482544,
0.007636705879122019,
-0.1300116628408432,
0.2352769672870636,
0.2483588308095932,
-0.1316799521446228,
0.08449787646532059,
0.3323567807674408,
0.2550591230392456,
0.1874660849571228,
4.131076335906982,
0.2275255024433136,
-0.09167904406785965,
-0.2381659597158432,
-0.0497300885617733,
0.2340766042470932,
0.3105197548866272,
-0.3150770366191864,
-0.1381734162569046,
0.0593126080930233,
0.13385307788848877,
0.359130859375,
-0.1305813193321228,
0.0896538645029068,
-0.1246812641620636,
0.2241329550743103,
0.0979495570063591,
0.028869204223155975,
0.4793022871017456,
0.3343641459941864,
-0.3805202841758728,
-0.0354376882314682,
0.3658854067325592,
0.3767225444316864,
0.1848687082529068,
0.1479119211435318,
0.5544162392616272,
-0.0813157856464386,
0.1818118691444397,
0.3440212607383728,
0.48486328125,
0.2196384072303772,
0.2986111044883728,
-0.07402462512254715,
-0.5556640625,
0.17807769775390625,
0.2320149689912796,
-0.1643727570772171,
-0.0448167584836483,
-0.09254852682352066,
-0.1479831337928772,
0.2433268278837204,
0.086395263671875,
0.4747992753982544,
0.0457356758415699,
0.0384589284658432,
-0.09154807031154633,
0.2601250410079956,
-0.2798936665058136,
0.4412706196308136,
-0.04673852026462555,
-0.18084716796875,
0.0635511577129364,
-0.1851874440908432,
0.1622450053691864,
0.6000434160232544,
0.3439127504825592,
0.4108208417892456,
0.1872965544462204,
0.07635752111673355,
-0.0589158795773983,
-0.0778893381357193,
0.1879289448261261,
-0.2035454660654068,
-0.5035264492034912,
-0.1524759978055954,
0.18348905444145203,
0.6576063632965088,
0.1104600727558136,
-0.191650390625,
0.3798285722732544,
0.3653971254825592,
0.5577799677848816,
-0.1947767436504364,
0.10472191870212555,
-0.1178165003657341,
-0.3544515073299408,
0.1056959331035614,
-0.0880618616938591,
-0.1033664271235466,
0.0592617467045784,
-0.301025390625,
-0.1428137868642807,
0.5645616054534912,
-0.1960584819316864,
0.5389811396598816,
0.1327311247587204,
-0.2743733823299408,
0.3566352128982544,
0.1047634556889534,
0.3027886152267456,
0.023554908111691475,
0.4161241352558136,
0.3330756425857544,
-0.3172743022441864,
0.1667192280292511,
0.3023952841758728,
-4.0234375,
0.0507846400141716,
0.0408053919672966,
-0.3312038779258728,
-0.054143693298101425,
-0.3213161826133728,
0.1182454451918602,
0.6286349892616272,
-0.3089464008808136,
-0.3517116904258728,
-0.2802734375,
-0.2756076455116272,
-0.6643880009651184,
0.2611897885799408,
-0.03038618341088295,
-0.1353725790977478,
-0.030446581542491913,
0.2964002788066864,
0.2026434987783432,
-0.3079562783241272,
0.021602418273687363,
-0.1293962299823761,
0.0367533378303051,
-0.459716796875,
-0.12060546875,
0.0362701416015625,
0.2192925363779068,
-0.3535970151424408,
-0.020382774993777275,
-0.0183851458132267,
-0.2284511923789978,
0.1232961043715477,
0.6514756679534912,
-0.0341406911611557,
0.0609944649040699,
0.51708984375,
0.3354085385799408,
-0.2372368723154068,
0.1207071915268898,
0.1663411408662796,
-0.3088785707950592,
0.1100938618183136,
0.1746860146522522,
-0.0672641322016716,
0.2396375834941864,
0.6360405683517456,
-0.4300672709941864,
0.2365315705537796,
0.0390862375497818,
-0.1453111469745636,
0.2793104350566864,
0.1563245952129364,
0.2489420622587204,
0.12989214062690735,
0.3290201723575592,
-0.1261088103055954,
0.2199317067861557,
-0.2211642861366272,
0.1740044504404068,
-0.0529903843998909,
0.2119140625,
-0.5094672441482544,
0.030533738434314728,
-0.0665774866938591,
0.2079806923866272,
-0.1362033486366272,
0.2405056357383728,
0.2095811665058136,
0.3004964292049408,
-0.0643886998295784,
0.2088758647441864,
0.3948567807674408,
0.2141045480966568,
0.1582709401845932,
0.2531331479549408,
0.4817979633808136,
0.2101779580116272,
-0.3401557207107544,
0.6390516757965088,
0.3778482973575592,
0.1023813858628273,
0.3069118857383728,
-0.2934841513633728,
0.03045654296875,
2.171983480453491,
0.0812852680683136,
2.1845703125,
0.4967176616191864,
-0.3096449077129364,
0.3940294086933136,
-0.2898084819316864,
0.1264716237783432,
0.5008137822151184,
-0.049713134765625,
-0.017551131546497345,
0.4880642294883728,
-0.09902700036764145,
0.2978498637676239,
0.3200954794883728,
0.0318586565554142,
0.187744140625,
-0.8209635615348816,
0.1183081716299057,
-0.01770867221057415,
0.5888400673866272,
0.1175893172621727,
-0.1514655202627182,
0.022759543731808662,
0.3423936665058136,
-0.07500118762254715,
0.0466105155646801,
0.1112569198012352,
-0.1128336563706398,
-0.4139539897441864,
-0.0011299981269985437,
-0.0404544398188591,
0.1735365092754364,
0.5574544072151184,
-0.2236395925283432,
0.0448201484978199,
-0.15234375,
4.698784828186035,
0.2422468364238739,
-0.0834757462143898,
-0.1559906005859375,
0.1130167618393898,
0.07963339239358902,
0.7839626669883728,
-0.01605902798473835,
0.3263888955116272,
0.3871799111366272,
0.2706637978553772,
0.2700466513633728,
-0.1794026643037796,
-0.0536871999502182,
0.2551947832107544,
0.3840603232383728,
0.4143744707107544,
0.1670803427696228,
0.4258354902267456,
-0.03024885430932045,
0.3086208701133728,
-0.1310357004404068,
0.2031046599149704,
-0.1152462437748909,
0.1885308176279068,
0.2695854902267456,
0.3495279848575592,
0.1747707724571228,
0.032397374510765076,
0.3108045756816864,
-0.2115207314491272,
5.521701335906982,
0.2987738847732544,
0.4756130576133728,
0.0363091379404068,
-0.1245032399892807,
-0.03946283087134361,
-0.2992214560508728,
0.12432437390089035,
-0.5692274570465088,
-0.1161753311753273,
-0.0579867884516716,
0.1610785573720932,
-0.1140068918466568,
0.19154950976371765,
0.1368628591299057,
0.1197713240981102,
-0.2417263388633728,
0.1020100936293602,
0.3862033486366272,
-0.1607394814491272,
0.7922092080116272,
-0.02747599221765995,
0.1776970773935318,
-0.2602810263633728,
-0.1783786416053772,
-0.1846194863319397,
-0.07092327624559402,
0.3757188618183136,
-0.08576440811157227,
-0.03840722143650055,
0.3919542133808136,
0.6109483242034912,
-0.2733798623085022,
0.2867838442325592,
-0.4664713442325592,
0.2869330644607544,
0.2515326738357544,
0.1897176057100296,
0.009975857101380825,
0.0335812047123909,
0.5205078125,
0.2536434531211853,
0.1701931357383728,
-0.1590983122587204,
0.0848642960190773,
-0.10868814587593079,
0.04382896423339844,
-0.0455254465341568,
-0.1515570729970932,
0.087147556245327,
0.2727593183517456,
-0.0065477159805595875,
1.3772786855697632,
0.1525522917509079,
0.2216254323720932,
0.3935004472732544,
-0.002963596023619175,
-0.1624315083026886,
0.4383951723575592,
-0.2986246645450592,
0.5002712607383728,
0.1856282502412796,
-0.0922478586435318,
0.1780158132314682,
0.0786404088139534,
0.2356601357460022,
0.1062588170170784,
-0.1321953684091568,
0.54638671875,
-0.3551974892616272,
-0.3728298544883728,
0.0324791818857193,
0.1504109650850296,
0.3935343325138092,
-0.03101603128015995,
-0.10750876367092133,
0.3173421323299408,
-0.2874213457107544,
0.03403112664818764,
0.1081661656498909,
-0.2373860627412796,
-0.4440104067325592,
-0.2089911550283432,
0.2117038369178772,
-0.1859690397977829,
-0.010628382675349712,
0.0048768785782158375,
-0.2215779572725296,
0.4042019248008728,
0.2861056923866272,
0.3650037944316864,
-0.09610748291015625,
-0.0833706334233284,
0.4900716245174408,
-0.3448079526424408,
0.2436998188495636,
-0.2090861052274704,
0.352783203125,
0.2095235139131546,
0.25811767578125,
0.28437507152557373,
0.4553765058517456,
-0.1164482980966568,
-0.05090586468577385,
0.3022189736366272,
-0.0846625417470932,
0.3160196840763092,
0.1202392578125,
-0.1911349892616272,
0.2090386301279068,
0.2701144814491272,
0.072479248046875,
0.1266046166419983,
-0.2674831748008728,
0.2240532785654068
] |
65 | When was the Prohibition Era in the US? | [
{
"docid": "22418955#4",
"text": "Research shows that prohibition reduced overall alcohol consumption by half during the 1920s, and consumption remained below pre-Prohibition levels until the 1940s, suggesting that Prohibition did socialize a significant proportion of the population in temperate habits, at least temporarily. Rates of liver cirrhosis \"fell by 50% early in Prohibition and recovered promptly after Repeal in 1933.\" Criticism remains that Prohibition led to unintended consequences such as a century of Prohibition-influenced legislation and the growth of urban crime organizations, though some scholars have argued that violent crime did not increase dramatically, while others have argued that crime during the Prohibition era was properly attributed to increased urbanization, rather than the criminalization of alcohol use. As an experiment it lost supporters every year, and lost tax revenue that governments needed when the Great Depression began in 1929.",
"title": "Prohibition in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "6886#21",
"text": "The ratification of the 18th amendment to the Constitution in 1919 made the production and sale (including exportation) of alcoholic beverages illegal in the United States. This ushered in the beginning of what is known as the Gangster Era, a time that roughly spans from 1919 until 1933 when Prohibition was repealed. The 1920s saw gangsters, including Al Capone, Dion O'Banion, Bugs Moran and Tony Accardo battle law enforcement and each other on the streets of Chicago during the Prohibition era. Chicago was the location of the infamous St. Valentine's Day Massacre in 1929, when Al Capone sent men to gun down members of a rival gang, North Side, led by Bugs Moran.",
"title": "Chicago"
},
{
"docid": "307316#3",
"text": "The Prohibition Party's proudest moment came in 1919, with the passage of the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed the production, sale, transportation, import and export of alcohol. The era during which alcohol was illegal in the United States is known as \"Prohibition\".",
"title": "Prohibition Party"
},
{
"docid": "1749065#10",
"text": "On January 16, 1919, the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was enacted into law, creating the Prohibition era, wherein the production, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages was made illegal. All legal American brewing came to a halt when prohibition was imposed, though the earlier temperance movement had already reduced the number of breweries significantly. Only a few breweries, mainly the largest, were able to stay in business by manufacturing near beer, malt syrup, or other non-alcohol grain products, in addition to soft drinks such as colas and root beers. Production and shipping of alcohol was largely confined to illegal operations that could deliver compact distilled beverages—smuggled rum and domestic moonshine—more efficiently and reliably than bulkier products such as beer.",
"title": "Beer in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "24856#42",
"text": "Prohibition in the United States focused on the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages; however, exceptions were made for medicinal and religious uses. Alcohol consumption was never illegal under federal law. Nationwide Prohibition did not begin in the United States until January 1920, when the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution went into effect. The 18th amendment was ratified in 1919, and was repealed in December 1933 with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment.",
"title": "Prohibition"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "22418955#73",
"text": "However, some scholars have attributed the crime during the Prohibition era to increased urbanization, rather than to the criminalization of alcohol use. In some cities, such as New York City, crime rates decreased during the Prohibition era. Crime rates overall declined from the period of 1849 to 1951, making crime during the Prohibition period less likely to be attributed to the criminalization of alcohol itself.",
"title": "Prohibition in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "24856#46",
"text": "Between 1880 and 1890, although several states enacted local option laws that allowed counties or towns to go dry by referendum, only six states had statewide prohibition by state statute or constitutional amendment. The League, with the support of evangelical Protestant churches and other Progressive-era reformers continued to press for prohibition legislation. Opposition to prohibition was strong in America's urban industrial centers, where a large, immigrant, working-class population generally opposed it, as did Jewish and Catholic religious groups. In the years leading up to World War I, nativism, American patriotism, distrust of immigrants, and anti-German sentiment became associated with the prohibition movement. Through the use of pressure politics on legislators, the League and other temperance reformers achieved the goal of nationwide prohibition by emphasizing the need to destroy the moral corruption of the saloons and the political power of the brewing industry, and to reduce domestic violence in the home. By 1913 nine states had stateside prohibition and thirty-one others had local option laws in effect, which included nearly fifty percent of the U.S. population. At that time the League and other reformers turned their efforts toward attaining a constitutional amendment and grassroots support for nationwide prohibition.",
"title": "Prohibition"
},
{
"docid": "39677254#10",
"text": "In May 1932 Al Capone began serving his 11-year sentence for tax evasion, in Atlanta, GA. He was later transferred to Alcatraz Island to finish his sentence. \nThe Gangster Era, came to an end in 1933, lasting a period from 1919, when the Prohibition was repealed. The 1920s saw gangsters, including Al Capone, Dion O'Banion, Bugs Moran and Tony Accardo battle law enforcement and each other on the streets of Chicago during the Prohibition era.",
"title": "Chicago in the 1930s"
},
{
"docid": "30230208#3",
"text": "The big city gangs of the United States had always maintained a degree of dominance in the underworld and when Prohibition came along the Irish, Jewish and Italian gangs began to cooperate amongst themselves to a degree and became the most powerful criminal organizations in 1920s America. They dominated the Prohibition era rackets all along the east coast, midwest and southern United States. When Prohibition began, the Irish racketeers in New York City, Massachusetts and Chicago were still a dominant force in the underworld, especially in New York being that Tammany Hall and the city's political wards were controlled by a predominantly Irish group of politicians. The Jewish gangs had always been a powerful force in the nation's underworld and were a very close second to the Irish in power, due to their numbers and business sense. The Italian gangs were starting to assert their authority and influence in the underworld through their strong numbers and willingness to use violence. During Prohibition there were two types of bootleggers: beer and alcohol manufacturers who operated breweries and distilleries and the importers who smuggled brand name liquor into the United States from Canada, Europe and the Caribbean by boat and plane. At the start of Prohibition there were two big bosses who controlled beer breweries and all brand name liquor imports while the ethnic gangs controlled most of the home alcohol distilleries, some beer brewing and the distribution of most beer and liquor in the cities and towns. Jewish crime boss Arnold Rothstein, along with Irish boss William \"Big Bill\" Dwyer, controlled the majority of high quality, brand name liquor smuggled in from Canada and Europe, all along the East coast from the areas of New York and New Jersey. The liquor distribution was handled by their lieutenants and sold to the ethnic gangs that they did business with, who in turn supplied readily available customers such as speakeasies and blind pigs.",
"title": "History of the National Crime Syndicate"
},
{
"docid": "560252#43",
"text": "Agitation for prohibition began during the Second Great Awakening in the 1840s when crusades against drinking originated from evangelical Protestants. Evangelicals precipitated the second wave of prohibition legislation during the 1880s, which had as its aim local and state prohibition. During the 1880s, referendums were held at the state level to enact prohibition amendments. Two important groups were formed during this period. The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was formed in 1874. The Anti-Saloon League which began in Ohio was formed in 1893, uniting activists from different religious groups. The league, rooted in Protestant churches, envisioned nationwide prohibition. Rather than condemn all drinking, the group focused attention on the saloon which was considered the ultimate symbol of public vice. The league also concentrated on campaigns for the right of individual communities to choose whether to close their saloons. In 1907, Georgia and Alabama were the first states to go dry followed by Oklahoma, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee in the following years. In 1913, Congress passed the Webb-Kenyon Act, which forbade the transport of liquor into dry states.",
"title": "Progressive Era"
}
] | [
0.2803438603878021,
0.5866511464118958,
-0.07898301631212234,
0.16760723292827606,
-0.022105583921074867,
0.03128521144390106,
0.5684720277786255,
-0.2741229832172394,
0.17575308680534363,
0.19345679879188538,
-0.4411174952983856,
-0.313232421875,
-0.12473355978727341,
0.5420485138893127,
-0.10331113636493683,
-0.08913480490446091,
0.4945537745952606,
-0.2654653787612915,
-0.11486112326383591,
0.044119615107774734,
0.015895990654826164,
0.17426945269107819,
-0.030195675790309906,
-0.12297879904508591,
0.20970740914344788,
0.3218900263309479,
-0.01967092603445053,
0.206787109375,
0.16594931483268738,
0.3942495584487915,
0.36137038469314575,
-0.3166973292827606,
-0.08049539476633072,
0.33132699131965637,
-0.3475247919559479,
0.3043447732925415,
0.022459764033555984,
0.13450974225997925,
-0.17193134129047394,
0.36351072788238525,
-0.2108072191476822,
-0.015350048430263996,
0.6096003651618958,
0.0673828125,
0.5062350034713745,
-0.05560009181499481,
0.237548828125,
-0.18312190473079681,
-0.07778402417898178,
0.07743013650178909,
-0.49737077951431274,
0.11219508945941925,
-0.15303157269954681,
-0.11812137067317963,
-0.607102632522583,
0.5128268003463745,
-0.148122638463974,
0.6931715607643127,
0.14590336382389069,
0.1067032441496849,
-0.02526092529296875,
0.10968311131000519,
-0.004261163529008627,
-0.20318134129047394,
0.4201190769672394,
0.30377668142318726,
-0.060761671513319016,
0.49248796701431274,
0.023073049262166023,
0.3994234502315521,
0.067413330078125,
0.3004619777202606,
0.7676907777786255,
-0.2628244161605835,
-0.4453500509262085,
-0.3302377462387085,
-0.07379884272813797,
0.37684983015060425,
0.32664138078689575,
-0.5914588570594788,
0.43288949131965637,
0.15793082118034363,
0.23591496050357819,
0.38328200578689575,
0.27981802821159363,
0.26397234201431274,
0.06663674861192703,
-0.025516215711832047,
0.11451486498117447,
0.46978288888931274,
-0.17788460850715637,
0.12143296748399734,
0.03417264670133591,
0.08293386548757553,
0.26974251866340637,
0.144306480884552,
0.087860107421875,
-0.43203499913215637,
0.16536888480186462,
-0.26580575108528137,
0.061857957392930984,
-0.20935294032096863,
0.18847891688346863,
0.4210521876811981,
0.3837515115737915,
-0.3630840480327606,
-0.19553051888942719,
0.07233604788780212,
0.3744271993637085,
0.29941970109939575,
0.7019606232643127,
-0.08359351754188538,
0.16973641514778137,
-0.4109638035297394,
0.16222968697547913,
-0.06122530251741409,
0.3807162642478943,
-0.10522578656673431,
-0.37783461809158325,
-0.7493614554405212,
0.5414851307868958,
0.42743390798568726,
-0.22339805960655212,
-0.4072171747684479,
-0.4059823751449585,
-0.19450496137142181,
0.5889047384262085,
-0.10329378396272659,
0.5053898692131042,
0.75927734375,
-0.22699210047721863,
0.2658222019672394,
-0.1748422533273697,
0.617995023727417,
0.14677605032920837,
-0.0073148286901414394,
0.13224579393863678,
0.04651582986116409,
-0.28357404470443726,
-0.3302377462387085,
0.5048264861106873,
-0.03580533713102341,
0.11162156611680984,
0.48151105642318726,
0.10888319462537766,
0.16312935948371887,
-0.06966854631900787,
0.2826397120952606,
0.14186565577983856,
0.03517913818359375,
0.3071805536746979,
0.673753023147583,
-0.07259897142648697,
0.27822640538215637,
0.27476149797439575,
0.22329242527484894,
0.014329176396131516,
-0.042316731065511703,
0.22785362601280212,
0.029245229437947273,
0.6189903616905212,
0.35695236921310425,
-0.0014428358990699053,
0.06596433371305466,
0.11454662680625916,
0.11044546216726303,
-0.05364755541086197,
0.16282889246940613,
0.61572265625,
-0.11151592433452606,
-0.36761945486068726,
-0.12359853833913803,
0.47900861501693726,
-0.15521709620952606,
0.27902457118034363,
0.40333908796310425,
-0.34615060687065125,
0.17198298871517181,
0.06620322912931442,
-0.4151611328125,
0.1858673095703125,
0.15264305472373962,
0.2800762355327606,
-0.06538821756839752,
0.3737323582172394,
0.20921207964420319,
0.23732346296310425,
-0.020142775028944016,
-0.3773099482059479,
0.28679949045181274,
0.01603992097079754,
-0.027695875614881516,
0.5883976817131042,
-0.30221793055534363,
-0.40264421701431274,
0.08627671748399734,
-0.1756662279367447,
0.17718741297721863,
-0.2797382175922394,
0.210693359375,
-0.09195064008235931,
-0.2901235818862915,
-0.5608097910881042,
0.022564228624105453,
0.38926345109939575,
-0.12087308615446091,
-0.18547996878623962,
0.6049616932868958,
-0.15590843558311462,
0.16373854875564575,
0.33546096086502075,
0.06391840428113937,
0.6305776834487915,
0.2686767578125,
-0.15457740426063538,
0.026599278673529625,
-0.11043079197406769,
0.15456435084342957,
0.3700420558452606,
-0.16266807913780212,
-0.13911320269107819,
0.22527019679546356,
-0.10708852857351303,
0.11541967839002609,
-0.05006467550992966,
-0.32217878103256226,
0.03103344328701496,
-0.45703125,
0.14778900146484375,
0.40525466203689575,
0.38792067766189575,
0.06080392748117447,
0.15764090418815613,
0.036632832139730453,
0.5139347910881042,
0.21995192766189575,
0.08329420536756516,
-0.26067644357681274,
0.15638145804405212,
0.21557265520095825,
0.9516977071762085,
0.029636235907673836,
-0.162506103515625,
0.15301631391048431,
0.22480656206607819,
0.26968148350715637,
0.2813626825809479,
0.27235764265060425,
-0.19096726179122925,
0.23818734288215637,
0.019458770751953125,
-0.21320988237857819,
-0.18484027683734894,
0.45941632986068726,
-0.2788461446762085,
0.21264179050922394,
0.4404672384262085,
-0.08882023394107819,
-0.2322927564382553,
0.1466492861509323,
0.863112211227417,
0.12064302712678909,
0.24708439409732819,
0.5303955078125,
-0.3884746730327606,
-0.01703115552663803,
0.18233078718185425,
0.3866060674190521,
0.061142995953559875,
0.5215782523155212,
0.6818284392356873,
0.025970458984375,
0.009718675166368484,
-0.05049632117152214,
-0.28693097829818726,
-0.12265249341726303,
0.47068434953689575,
0.08542369306087494,
-0.20447716116905212,
-0.18727287650108337,
0.3639761209487915,
-0.1303781419992447,
-0.28546613454818726,
0.2029348462820053,
0.03826654702425003,
0.624159574508667,
-0.263996422290802,
-0.008125891909003258,
-0.07452861964702606,
-0.0865485817193985,
0.3706899881362915,
0.4704214334487915,
-0.044116679579019547,
-0.37433332204818726,
-0.091621033847332,
0.3025888204574585,
0.2694936990737915,
0.107086181640625,
0.3787747919559479,
-0.08077064156532288,
0.45330339670181274,
-0.5393629670143127,
-0.09580524265766144,
0.30540114641189575,
0.3051382303237915,
0.12208204716444016,
0.06049523130059242,
0.2606736719608307,
-0.12998844683170319,
0.41366812586784363,
0.40932992100715637,
-0.39355528354644775,
-0.35552507638931274,
0.7206655740737915,
0.5571101307868958,
0.5412691831588745,
0.009040245786309242,
0.20073172450065613,
0.3772442042827606,
0.06131682172417641,
-0.353515625,
-0.07259739935398102,
-0.2149282544851303,
-0.1743539720773697,
0.06561073660850525,
-0.517409086227417,
0.11094929277896881,
-0.11848097294569016,
-0.10073617845773697,
0.13098613917827606,
0.05367279052734375,
0.06237969174981117,
-0.13150493800640106,
-0.6237605214118958,
-0.00921630859375,
0.1221812292933464,
-0.3903902471065521,
0.1374277025461197,
-0.0881764367222786,
0.16442635655403137,
0.10127376019954681,
-0.0036553603131324053,
0.20561805367469788,
0.24958683550357819,
0.11814998090267181,
0.10149677097797394,
0.26439958810806274,
0.029438313096761703,
-0.01833079382777214,
0.05607135593891144,
0.07690547406673431,
-0.16904625296592712,
-0.12171173095703125,
-0.21135535836219788,
0.4166635274887085,
0.35236066579818726,
0.0879017785191536,
-0.09128864109516144,
0.479248046875,
-0.17114140093326569,
-0.044940654188394547,
0.17515820264816284,
0.08544980734586716,
-0.029924245551228523,
0.4132080078125,
0.6422401070594788,
-0.22771747410297394,
0.6220327615737915,
0.1545756459236145,
-0.19124573469161987,
0.25724440813064575,
0.2952786982059479,
-0.10277850925922394,
0.3397968113422394,
-0.32082894444465637,
-0.18795540928840637,
-0.26144173741340637,
0.15618661046028137,
0.37643668055534363,
0.3251577615737915,
0.296683669090271,
0.42604416608810425,
0.2564791142940521,
-0.07126060128211975,
-0.5595890879631042,
-0.19561767578125,
0.0234375,
0.12064537405967712,
0.4673602879047394,
-0.43096452951431274,
-0.24087993800640106,
-0.12650944292545319,
0.31757062673568726,
0.1172027587890625,
-0.123931884765625,
-0.2793438136577606,
-0.6340895295143127,
0.19086632132530212,
0.05699627101421356,
-0.25402480363845825,
-0.18336604535579681,
0.5548001527786255,
0.04088768735527992,
0.17933067679405212,
4.175631046295166,
0.041581373661756516,
0.17242489755153656,
0.07213064283132553,
0.1603158861398697,
0.06227288022637367,
0.08080350607633591,
-0.49607497453689575,
0.14914175868034363,
0.04193349927663803,
-0.21916316449642181,
0.1642831712961197,
-0.05550384521484375,
-0.06852135062217712,
-0.018617263063788414,
0.19650503993034363,
0.06273709982633591,
-0.11047597974538803,
0.012412584386765957,
0.3272705078125,
-0.3189556300640106,
0.22752262651920319,
0.06264554709196091,
0.04176917299628258,
0.30149489641189575,
-0.6631985902786255,
-0.26931998133659363,
0.28573372960090637,
0.36408644914627075,
0.5627816915512085,
0.6294320821762085,
0.24769005179405212,
0.30867627263069153,
-0.25984662771224976,
-0.47488167881965637,
0.25,
0.3655536472797394,
0.047336872667074203,
0.21129725873470306,
0.033428557217121124,
-0.2055429369211197,
0.4019775390625,
0.28119367361068726,
0.4837552607059479,
1.02783203125,
-0.012367541901767254,
0.010087930597364902,
0.2923677861690521,
0.0673459842801094,
0.014139028266072273,
0.2792205810546875,
0.06882946193218231,
0.13643234968185425,
-0.40756461024284363,
0.37738507986068726,
0.6464468240737915,
-0.0670914277434349,
0.6678372621536255,
-0.3206646144390106,
0.24902108311653137,
-0.26984816789627075,
-0.026770958676934242,
-0.05076364427804947,
-0.2063833326101303,
-0.2846444845199585,
-0.11248075217008591,
0.3025371730327606,
0.526686429977417,
0.0712473914027214,
0.14656370878219604,
0.24461013078689575,
0.40688851475715637,
0.3232891261577606,
-0.14587284624576569,
-0.23904183506965637,
-0.39013671875,
-0.31597429513931274,
0.16756732761859894,
-0.17579533159732819,
0.1378408521413803,
0.3660747706890106,
-0.23622483015060425,
-0.3632061183452606,
0.03971040993928909,
0.24887320399284363,
0.4139873683452606,
0.20865043997764587,
-0.0032735972199589014,
0.41726449131965637,
-0.02528674714267254,
-0.008368859067559242,
0.2737191915512085,
0.052901048213243484,
0.1295236498117447,
0.16862605512142181,
0.10987501591444016,
-0.06647828966379166,
-3.965144157409668,
0.19583599269390106,
0.09987816214561462,
-0.05729851499199867,
-0.05101541429758072,
0.11921163648366928,
0.4657827615737915,
0.12008432298898697,
-0.24581673741340637,
0.11639286577701569,
0.18837502598762512,
0.11613346636295319,
-0.3088285028934479,
0.346282958984375,
-0.15511849522590637,
-0.006417494732886553,
0.3331184387207031,
0.1454233080148697,
0.15111835300922394,
-0.28599196672439575,
-0.2755584716796875,
-0.038470927625894547,
0.2939828634262085,
-0.28609994053840637,
-0.11336546391248703,
0.17714984714984894,
0.3016263544559479,
-0.05267333984375,
0.2375558763742447,
0.13160236179828644,
-0.11425649374723434,
0.019500732421875,
0.4162222146987915,
-0.23611214756965637,
-0.03829251974821091,
-0.15090472996234894,
0.26558274030685425,
-0.05796344578266144,
0.3554311990737915,
0.40561148524284363,
-0.1485055834054947,
0.35132071375846863,
0.31625601649284363,
-0.05316220968961716,
0.117034912109375,
-0.10089903324842453,
-0.32729867100715637,
0.17342808842658997,
-0.5675987601280212,
0.057117167860269547,
0.45261794328689575,
0.20220360159873962,
-0.09290489554405212,
-0.05792236328125,
0.1746186465024948,
0.17606765031814575,
-0.4207857549190521,
0.09004739671945572,
0.03969339281320572,
0.4469839334487915,
-0.198974609375,
-0.573411226272583,
0.1434560865163803,
0.4235370457172394,
0.3691312372684479,
-0.40869140625,
-0.02700013294816017,
0.1819276064634323,
0.0834919884800911,
-0.48883292078971863,
0.27630379796028137,
0.08262281864881516,
0.11495853960514069,
-0.3408203125,
0.20438796281814575,
0.01964040845632553,
-0.06460747122764587,
-0.40009015798568726,
0.550950288772583,
0.37781232595443726,
-0.028896626085042953,
0.23045936226844788,
-0.46364182233810425,
0.2722930908203125,
2.337289571762085,
0.016920384019613266,
2.339693546295166,
0.4600454568862915,
-0.05554668605327606,
0.3907940089702606,
0.11479128152132034,
0.2848041355609894,
-0.17973445355892181,
0.19683368504047394,
0.33322378993034363,
-0.4633037745952606,
0.11776380985975266,
0.3791034519672394,
-0.17162147164344788,
-0.04373433068394661,
0.2956683933734894,
-0.821120023727417,
0.333884596824646,
-0.16096614301204681,
0.636962890625,
0.31394606828689575,
-0.049114521592855453,
0.32389479875564575,
0.38608843088150024,
-0.2593994140625,
0.029434790834784508,
0.15944965183734894,
-0.04175809770822525,
0.09052328020334244,
-0.3387592136859894,
-0.21268874406814575,
0.133580282330513,
-0.14100411534309387,
-0.23991511762142181,
0.16952279210090637,
0.27866774797439575,
4.68088960647583,
0.25149771571159363,
-0.10109078139066696,
-0.23732346296310425,
0.33721452951431274,
0.14844337105751038,
0.4146728515625,
0.004402747377753258,
0.08277599513530731,
0.04330150783061981,
0.3314220607280731,
-0.0014484112616628408,
-0.11319673806428909,
-0.15220172703266144,
0.47641226649284363,
0.18121573328971863,
0.22732308506965637,
0.6114220023155212,
-0.21759502589702606,
0.1380380541086197,
0.4574819803237915,
-0.12969794869422913,
0.4918306767940521,
0.12592726945877075,
0.4311992824077606,
0.46140700578689575,
0.15493538975715637,
-0.08314631879329681,
-0.008651146665215492,
0.12332975119352341,
0.10514009743928909,
5.422475814819336,
0.12068998068571091,
0.1765676587820053,
0.042812641710042953,
0.05948580056428909,
0.2923490107059479,
-0.015835102647542953,
0.19241802394390106,
-0.08736316859722137,
0.05022753030061722,
-0.18435199558734894,
0.40281325578689575,
-0.01335760299116373,
0.46165114641189575,
-0.21589073538780212,
0.5005821585655212,
0.044498737901449203,
-0.22656719386577606,
-0.08123779296875,
-0.36520621180534363,
0.8868314027786255,
-0.12672542035579681,
0.3193359375,
-0.5445181131362915,
-0.20331867039203644,
-0.13234534859657288,
-0.06821265816688538,
0.43488019704818726,
-0.09835580736398697,
-0.017925702035427094,
0.3852445185184479,
0.49896711111068726,
-0.22034865617752075,
0.13071323931217194,
0.06881479173898697,
0.34251052141189575,
0.1784195601940155,
-0.10667301714420319,
0.2218862622976303,
-0.22906729578971863,
0.5454477071762085,
0.6303523182868958,
-0.8177912831306458,
-0.06024463474750519,
-0.19243445992469788,
-0.03107159025967121,
-0.32150503993034363,
-0.05661245435476303,
-0.017423776909708977,
0.058253947645425797,
0.08360327035188675,
0.12835223972797394,
1.0856369733810425,
-0.21845421195030212,
-0.3385103642940521,
0.11912184208631516,
0.08713707327842712,
-0.3918081521987915,
-0.23277869820594788,
-0.10603214800357819,
0.5876652598381042,
0.245880126953125,
-0.201019287109375,
0.48306038975715637,
0.23936580121517181,
0.22414925694465637,
-0.12471301853656769,
-0.11629310250282288,
0.3210965692996979,
-0.12878535687923431,
-0.27257829904556274,
0.11074227839708328,
0.25559645891189575,
0.11617572605609894,
-0.144744873046875,
0.14408405125141144,
0.3176738917827606,
0.0931147038936615,
-0.05208639055490494,
-0.37451171875,
0.07962916791439056,
-0.27692121267318726,
-0.4098745584487915,
0.06904689967632294,
0.2967435419559479,
-0.18204616010189056,
0.06619028002023697,
-0.0049481759779155254,
0.6117788553237915,
-0.0464155487716198,
0.09347651898860931,
-0.13081477582454681,
-0.08745868504047394,
0.8224909901618958,
0.1329803466796875,
0.26421648263931274,
0.1943746656179428,
0.16421009600162506,
0.34313729405403137,
0.08437904715538025,
-0.08910194039344788,
0.1917348951101303,
0.0374138168990612,
0.01588733308017254,
0.18909981846809387,
-0.13759906589984894,
-0.11831547319889069,
0.00025705189909785986,
0.19533362984657288,
0.202972412109375,
0.42140549421310425,
0.24114520847797394,
0.08886205404996872,
-0.1175079345703125,
0.0176239013671875
] |
66 | When did the Taff Vale Junction Railway get made? | [
{
"docid": "19745967#7",
"text": "In time the Canal became overwhelmed by the volume of traffic, and encouraged by the successful opening of railways with more advanced technology than the horse tramways of previous years, the Taff Vale Railway was promoted. It was authorised by Parliament in 1836 and it opened between Merthyr and Cardiff docks in 1841. The line passed close to the Maesmawr workings but did not make a connection.",
"title": "Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "350267#82",
"text": "The Barry Railway went on to promote a direct Cardiff, Penarth and Barry Junction Railway, which would run direct and also have a roundabout line following the coast. The Taff Vale opposed this and promoted its own alternative lines. Parliament decided on a compromise, in which the Barry Railway could build the direct line from a junction with the Taff Vale and Cogan, and the Taff Vale would build the coastal route, from Penarth Town, joining the Barry Railway at Biglis Junction, near Cadoxton. The Taff Vale scheme was authorised by the Cardiff, Penarth and Barry Junction Railway Act of 6 August 1885. The line was ready and opened on 1 December 1887, but the junction connection at Biglis was not made at first; for the sake of diplomacy it had to wait until the Cogan connection of the Barry line was ready, and they both opened on 20 December 1888. Taff Vale passenger trains ran through to Biglis Junction station of the Barry Railway from August 1889. (The station was renamed Cadoxton on 1 June 1890). The Cardiff, Penarth and Barry Junction Railway became vested in the Taff Vale Railway by Act of 26 August 1889.",
"title": "Taff Vale Railway"
},
{
"docid": "4856749#12",
"text": "The Taff Vale set about obtaining Parliamentary authorisation in 1885 to acquire the Bute Docks, but this was refused by the Lords Committee when the Taff Vale would not agree to running powers requested by the Barry Railway northward from the Trehafod and Treforest connections. The Taff Vale also supported a nominally independent Cardiff, Penarth and Barry Junction Railway which would be a spoiler to the Barry company's development plans at Barry itself, but this was refused, the Barry being granted a corresponding railway from Barry to a junction at Cogan with the Taff Vale's Penarth lines, by Act of 31 July 1885. The Taff Vale was granted a circuitous coastal route from Penarth to Cadoxton.",
"title": "Barry Railway Company"
},
{
"docid": "350267#56",
"text": "The Taff Vale Railway saw this as a threat and promoted the nominally independent \"Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway\", which obtained its Act of incorporation on 7 June 1861. It was to build from the Taff Vale main line near Treforest to make a junction with the Ely Valley Railway at Maesaraul, near Llantrisant. The line opened in December 1863 for freight traffic. A passenger service was operated from Pontypridd to Llantrisant from 21 January 1875.\nThe nominally independent Cowbridge Railway was authorised on 29 July 1862, to build from the Great Western Railway (former South Wales Railway) station at Llantrisant to Cowbridge. This was another Taff Vale dependency as it failed to generate the necessary subscriptions to build the line itself. The line opened in February 1865. The GWR line was broad gauge, and the branch to Cowbridge was accessed from the Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway. Trains from Pontypridd ran over the final section of the Ely Valley Railway and across the South Wales Main Line to the Cowbridge Railway terminus, where they had to reverse to continue.",
"title": "Taff Vale Railway"
},
{
"docid": "350267#85",
"text": "The Bute Docks Company was created on 1 June 1887 when the Bute Docks properties were vested in the new company. In 1897 it succeeded in getting authorisation to build a railway, which became the Cardiff Railway, to build from Heath on the Rhymney Railway to Treforest on the Taff Vale Railway, and a southward line from Heath to the docks at Roath. It took until 1911 to construct he line from Heath as far as a point close to the Taff Vale line at Treforest, but the Taff Vale succeeded in fending off the incursion. In fact the connection was never made, and the Cardiff Railway never achieved its potential.",
"title": "Taff Vale Railway"
},
{
"docid": "19745967#0",
"text": "The Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway was a railway company that constructed a standard gauge line in South Wales, connecting Llantrisant and the Taff Vale Railway near Treforest. It ran through thinly populated country, and linked to a number of iron mines, collieries and other mineral sites. It opened in stages in 1863 and 1864. In 1865 through passenger trains from the Cowbridge Railway ran over the line, to Pontypridd, although for some time there were no passenger stations on its own network. At the Llantrisant end, it was reliant on broad gauge railway companies which were not always friendly to it. The company leased its line to the Taff Vale Railway in 1870.",
"title": "Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway"
},
{
"docid": "1145218#15",
"text": "On 30 January 1902 the Board was informed that the construction to Tongwynlais was substantially completed, and at this time the company put details of its proposed junction with the Taff Vale Railway at Treforest to that company for approval.\nThe terrain at the point chosen by the Cardiff Railway for its junction with the Taff Vale was extremely awkward. The Taff Vale Railway run down the west bank of the River Taff and was closely hemmed in by the hills to the west. Immediately to the east was the River Taff and the Glamorganshire Canal, and then the Pontypridd, Caerphilly and Newport Railway, and then more hills.",
"title": "Cardiff Railway"
},
{
"docid": "19745967#19",
"text": "The residents of Cowbridge had long yearned for a railway connection, and on 29 July 1862 the Cowbridge Railway was authorised. The Taff Vale Railway was to contribute £10,000 to the subscription list. The Cowbridge Railway was to cross the South Wales Railway main line and come north as far as Maesaraul junction, joining the Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway there. However it became obvious that the Cowbridge company was going to have serious trouble securing the capital it needed, and a compromise was reached. It would build its line between Cowbridge and Llantrisant only, and the Great Western Railway would mix the gauge on the section of the Ely Valley line between Llantrisant and Maesaraul Junction. This would enable the Cowbridge narrow (standard) gauge trains to run through to Pontypridd over the L&TVJR and the Taff Vale Railway.",
"title": "Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway"
},
{
"docid": "4856749#21",
"text": "These were that the Taff Vale Railway would agree running powers (except for passenger trains) between Cogan and Walnut Tree Junction over the Penarth and Radyr lines. At Walnut Tree the Rhymney Railway had a junction with the Taff Vale Railway, in fact giving access to the Rhymney's original main line there. Moreover, running powers would be granted for all classes of train from Cogan to Penarth Curve South Junction, where connection was made with the Great Western Railway main line. From this point the GWR had its Riverside Branch, opened in 1884, running down the east side of the River Taff into an important industrial area; both the Barry and the Taff Vale were given running powers over this line, which was to be made suitable by the GWR for passenger operation.",
"title": "Barry Railway Company"
},
{
"docid": "19745967#8",
"text": "Thomas Powell had extensive colliery interests in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire, and he needed to get a transport link to pits he owned at Llantwit Fardre. Failing to generate interest elsewhere, he determined to build a railway himself to the Glamorganshire Canal at Maesmawr from Llantwit Fardre. This was known as the Dihewyd Railway or the Llantwit Fardre Railway. It was completed by 28 December 1843 and a connection to the Taff Vale Railway was opened on 25 April 1844, when a train of Powell's coal was taken to Cardiff. His line climbed out of Maesmawr on a 297-yard self-acting incline at a gradient of 1 in 6.6. The line was later extended to Ystradbarwig colliery.",
"title": "Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway"
}
] | [
0.189117431640625,
0.21808800101280212,
-0.5497108101844788,
0.36724382638931274,
0.31164079904556274,
0.25809186697006226,
0.43002554774284363,
-0.2817288935184479,
-0.27020734548568726,
0.11365098506212234,
-0.24284011125564575,
-0.2225107103586197,
-0.39883187413215637,
-0.2606342136859894,
0.06863553076982498,
0.12387789040803909,
0.4076021611690521,
-0.05813539773225784,
0.04347698390483856,
0.18482384085655212,
0.15975013375282288,
0.5518141388893127,
-0.22034160792827606,
0.19908729195594788,
-0.1983877271413803,
0.31781005859375,
-0.11940853297710419,
0.3203218877315521,
0.11858192086219788,
0.1789911687374115,
0.17436569929122925,
-0.25693923234939575,
-0.030816884711384773,
0.5433631539344788,
-0.3600088357925415,
0.49094802141189575,
0.05737245827913284,
-0.026167355477809906,
-0.08887540549039841,
-0.1392131745815277,
0.32795363664627075,
-0.015817862004041672,
0.46321722865104675,
-0.10621806234121323,
0.49941781163215637,
-0.04995140805840492,
0.25326773524284363,
0.043249864131212234,
-0.17892397940158844,
0.3697509765625,
-0.2237727791070938,
-0.25295785069465637,
-0.09047570824623108,
-0.2528921365737915,
-0.4510028660297394,
0.5453913807868958,
-0.13637015223503113,
0.8367262482643127,
-0.043776292353868484,
0.12643608450889587,
0.01100921630859375,
-0.07632915675640106,
-0.07303501665592194,
-0.0538330078125,
0.281076580286026,
0.3933856785297394,
-0.033118028193712234,
0.21845890581607819,
0.07086486369371414,
-0.34894269704818726,
-0.1312255859375,
0.7327223420143127,
0.46929460763931274,
0.129058837890625,
0.238037109375,
-0.22036978602409363,
-0.29671770334243774,
0.009070176631212234,
-0.054595947265625,
-0.26189011335372925,
0.9972581267356873,
-0.5167142152786255,
0.36181640625,
0.10060647875070572,
-0.023899665102362633,
0.43825119733810425,
-0.06961382180452347,
0.33163687586784363,
0.2040226310491562,
0.7632211446762085,
0.10308368504047394,
0.19923283159732819,
0.2961895167827606,
0.054935749620199203,
0.38429611921310425,
0.36081168055534363,
-0.03570321947336197,
-0.30316513776779175,
0.15347759425640106,
-0.27123552560806274,
-0.1337738037109375,
-0.24468524754047394,
-0.23525765538215637,
0.4042874872684479,
0.2529813349246979,
-0.3200589716434479,
0.19082877039909363,
-0.283203125,
-0.22131523489952087,
0.625319242477417,
0.48960524797439575,
0.07852569222450256,
0.14204993844032288,
-0.33657601475715637,
0.4287109375,
0.0804942175745964,
0.2570096552371979,
-0.4617450535297394,
-0.2923137843608856,
-0.8287635445594788,
0.29876238107681274,
0.5619553923606873,
-0.15435555577278137,
-0.010069186799228191,
-0.2256845384836197,
-0.2623525857925415,
0.4927133321762085,
-0.06949102133512497,
0.6589167714118958,
0.7073692679405212,
-0.33108168840408325,
0.609130859375,
0.5258354544639587,
0.601975679397583,
-0.18384727835655212,
-0.12381803244352341,
-0.044274844229221344,
0.11035919189453125,
0.10066751390695572,
-0.21857979893684387,
-0.27328255772590637,
-0.5351750254631042,
-0.09308052062988281,
0.7218299508094788,
-0.33053824305534363,
0.370361328125,
0.240234375,
0.23199932277202606,
-0.3188382685184479,
-0.06813159584999084,
0.22292855381965637,
-0.035686787217855453,
0.007984381169080734,
0.13297447562217712,
-0.15478633344173431,
-0.10123502463102341,
0.18502280116081238,
0.5770169496536255,
0.6279860138893127,
0.17660053074359894,
0.6563814878463745,
0.2806302607059479,
-0.036236103624105453,
-0.09665386378765106,
0.29742902517318726,
0.3442852199077606,
0.013177137821912766,
0.35067984461784363,
0.5014460682868958,
-0.11488460004329681,
-0.22443096339702606,
0.1672709584236145,
0.3687274754047394,
-0.4059683084487915,
-0.10680360347032547,
0.15808574855327606,
0.012670664116740227,
-0.08345618844032288,
0.05062925070524216,
0.5118314027786255,
-0.12225576490163803,
0.5906137228012085,
-0.01705697923898697,
0.12580402195453644,
0.6798940896987915,
0.16618464887142181,
-0.24559608101844788,
-0.2141347974538803,
-0.03986358642578125,
0.20467670261859894,
0.1597636342048645,
-0.4603303074836731,
0.6113046407699585,
0.3420034646987915,
-0.17301589250564575,
0.47878792881965637,
-0.03232515603303909,
-0.07472816109657288,
0.11955848336219788,
-0.15483680367469788,
-0.47003173828125,
0.4280160665512085,
-0.39224007725715637,
-0.025729399174451828,
0.5630070567131042,
-0.33135986328125,
-0.3121713399887085,
0.2851186990737915,
-0.2796630859375,
-0.10019918531179428,
-0.17312857508659363,
0.11966529488563538,
0.14432349801063538,
-0.05743378773331642,
0.052321214228868484,
0.004027733579277992,
0.16184528172016144,
-0.028334397822618484,
0.37465256452560425,
-0.08235109597444534,
-0.3393085300922394,
0.5715707540512085,
-0.09306453168392181,
0.19958965480327606,
0.09111610054969788,
-0.006667504087090492,
-0.26515549421310425,
-0.482177734375,
0.21221454441547394,
0.11564988642930984,
0.25201886892318726,
-0.0978962853550911,
0.07273130863904953,
-0.599778413772583,
0.06119478493928909,
0.3192514181137085,
1.005145788192749,
-0.19372089207172394,
-0.23103684186935425,
-0.1686125546693802,
0.11039851605892181,
-0.08226387202739716,
-0.2276611328125,
0.35541945695877075,
0.3573091924190521,
-0.34011605381965637,
0.16586831212043762,
0.0838325172662735,
-0.09652827680110931,
-0.16092388331890106,
0.13725516200065613,
-0.16439583897590637,
0.620849609375,
0.3605487644672394,
-0.02207712084054947,
0.2322012037038803,
-0.0632786750793457,
-0.4499887228012085,
0.06744091212749481,
0.09341459721326828,
0.17171184718608856,
0.00445186160504818,
0.3622201681137085,
0.2475515455007553,
-0.1998067945241928,
-0.13148146867752075,
-0.024604210630059242,
0.5210524201393127,
0.00019190862076357007,
0.22035422921180725,
0.39612287282943726,
-0.6379957795143127,
-0.04895313084125519,
0.5501614809036255,
0.009020292200148106,
0.21959979832172394,
0.3661639988422394,
-0.013775165192782879,
-0.05366046726703644,
0.574509859085083,
0.524000883102417,
0.06046118959784508,
-0.5461801290512085,
0.11185161769390106,
0.2810575067996979,
0.6348782777786255,
-0.12759281694889069,
-0.08573678880929947,
0.17471078038215637,
0.1537240892648697,
0.3762676417827606,
0.1818360537290573,
0.1567840576171875,
-0.2527600824832916,
-0.2755878269672394,
0.08017906546592712,
0.1775278002023697,
0.2959524393081665,
-0.19593223929405212,
-0.18012002110481262,
0.14709237217903137,
-0.49904221296310425,
-0.3273080587387085,
0.44796988368034363,
0.18795306980609894,
-0.1265939623117447,
0.002044384367763996,
-0.2053396850824356,
-0.0006690392037853599,
0.658128023147583,
0.613478422164917,
-0.8637319803237915,
-0.16892653703689575,
-0.1614561825990677,
0.29928824305534363,
0.38031476736068726,
0.23879769444465637,
-0.10809678584337234,
0.6727012991905212,
0.26287370920181274,
-0.4254080057144165,
-0.0070020235143601894,
-0.4373685419559479,
-0.029438018798828125,
0.07766958326101303,
-0.31810203194618225,
0.2573993504047394,
-0.24268516898155212,
0.39316031336784363,
0.044241685420274734,
0.138744056224823,
0.19874924421310425,
-0.07038526982069016,
-0.4620267450809479,
-0.17055335640907288,
0.1350637525320053,
0.31693679094314575,
0.34452468156814575,
-0.2657470703125,
-0.11603135615587234,
-0.27933210134506226,
0.11585353314876556,
0.015017583034932613,
0.34198468923568726,
-0.3847750127315521,
-0.17258980870246887,
0.06387916207313538,
0.17566241323947906,
0.4349459111690521,
0.14282462000846863,
-0.005921584088355303,
0.012407743372023106,
0.14572583138942719,
0.17575308680534363,
0.090087890625,
0.507249116897583,
-0.11689405888319016,
0.3373554050922394,
0.19756610691547394,
-0.2322927564382553,
0.41640999913215637,
0.0489501953125,
0.31350472569465637,
0.23971793055534363,
0.11074476689100266,
-0.0026010365691035986,
-0.28656476736068726,
-0.045040424913167953,
-0.128223717212677,
0.08536940068006516,
0.0022339452989399433,
0.19419728219509125,
-0.045457106083631516,
0.13228195905685425,
-0.09888986498117447,
-0.007987095974385738,
-0.16446274518966675,
0.698974609375,
0.44431716203689575,
0.3315899074077606,
0.014293377287685871,
0.31521371006965637,
0.14547494053840637,
-0.021302737295627594,
-0.07970956712961197,
-0.09938694536685944,
0.014315092004835606,
0.043437663465738297,
0.31112906336784363,
0.05373969301581383,
-0.17687489092350006,
-0.2091440111398697,
0.10612605512142181,
-0.05511005222797394,
-0.3894794285297394,
-0.15792611241340637,
-0.026233378797769547,
-0.16318203508853912,
0.42767804861068726,
-0.2811138331890106,
-0.2181326001882553,
0.3924560546875,
0.5662747621536255,
-0.025174947455525398,
4.168118953704834,
0.041703298687934875,
0.4827786982059479,
-0.12305626273155212,
-0.28400129079818726,
0.32223275303840637,
0.06500831246376038,
-0.17456014454364777,
-0.26813215017318726,
-0.12286846339702606,
0.059978779405355453,
0.19867882132530212,
-0.14740929007530212,
0.5522836446762085,
0.056484222412109375,
0.21915847063064575,
0.3322660028934479,
0.16285236179828644,
0.21827110648155212,
0.30144792795181274,
-0.6157602071762085,
0.4546884298324585,
0.34596604108810425,
0.4499136209487915,
0.5341421365737915,
-0.19451668858528137,
0.17332576215267181,
-0.08356886357069016,
0.39052873849868774,
0.3968505859375,
-0.029060950502753258,
-0.13712722063064575,
0.10920950025320053,
0.014194781892001629,
-0.746826171875,
0.42827898263931274,
0.16903217136859894,
0.0022254358045756817,
0.04186806455254555,
-0.03631591796875,
-0.03878351300954819,
-0.044114332646131516,
0.4682992696762085,
0.25999099016189575,
-0.021267231553792953,
-0.37942269444465637,
0.031447190791368484,
0.33046311140060425,
0.06647960841655731,
-0.1787109375,
0.049360714852809906,
-0.03815899416804314,
-0.15296818315982819,
0.29664963483810425,
0.21211829781532288,
0.5604342222213745,
0.32175856828689575,
0.3620980978012085,
0.16059993207454681,
0.14463454484939575,
0.5730074644088745,
-0.017395753413438797,
-0.28296396136283875,
-0.19027945399284363,
0.042235154658555984,
0.09568668901920319,
-0.026503343135118484,
-0.11710885912179947,
0.04698885232210159,
-0.04172061011195183,
0.982835054397583,
0.30478140711784363,
0.3101712763309479,
-0.3143686056137085,
-0.3272470235824585,
-0.022543100640177727,
-0.244140625,
0.044765178114175797,
-0.18237069249153137,
0.2670804560184479,
0.15436260402202606,
-0.3675443232059479,
0.18076735734939575,
0.27975699305534363,
-0.17533405125141144,
0.539963960647583,
-0.01803119294345379,
-0.14958928525447845,
0.5689415335655212,
-0.17088904976844788,
0.14249126613140106,
0.148357093334198,
0.2012094408273697,
0.33048659563064575,
0.35930925607681274,
-0.09248924255371094,
-0.14295490086078644,
-3.912559986114502,
0.09442996978759766,
-0.18036475777626038,
-0.028069715946912766,
0.05735544115304947,
0.024682851508259773,
0.09392048418521881,
0.16749396920204163,
-0.1277841478586197,
0.286376953125,
0.19724449515342712,
-0.20350588858127594,
-0.3868314325809479,
0.5853365659713745,
-0.14351242780685425,
-0.0018852674402296543,
0.06648606806993484,
-0.061753492802381516,
0.19794288277626038,
0.013973236083984375,
-0.12273582816123962,
-0.2272867113351822,
0.40968674421310425,
-0.313720703125,
0.2811126708984375,
0.1432413011789322,
0.15644191205501556,
-0.4123910665512085,
-0.29425519704818726,
-0.027848849073052406,
0.06634815037250519,
-0.1337309628725052,
0.5692420601844788,
-0.03513395041227341,
0.3345102071762085,
0.4240816533565521,
0.516404390335083,
0.06653536111116409,
0.22576904296875,
0.03236917406320572,
-0.3189697265625,
-0.03863056004047394,
0.4219501316547394,
-0.045790672302246094,
-0.049793537706136703,
0.4189077615737915,
-0.19720928370952606,
-0.04191911965608597,
-0.215606689453125,
-0.08149953931570053,
0.03435545787215233,
0.22076885402202606,
0.13607436418533325,
-0.381591796875,
0.4114145040512085,
0.1588592529296875,
0.08027061820030212,
0.25950270891189575,
-0.0923551395535469,
0.07453566044569016,
0.14689871668815613,
0.29852294921875,
0.26708984375,
0.06677480787038803,
0.039425190538167953,
-0.17684584856033325,
0.11104965209960938,
0.4309903681278229,
0.20551945269107819,
-0.338104248046875,
0.2509166896343231,
0.0019082289654761553,
0.5791015625,
0.039248980581760406,
0.05489055812358856,
0.33665114641189575,
-0.18410080671310425,
0.2021719068288803,
0.4840933084487915,
0.12491020560264587,
-0.26187369227409363,
-0.3907564580440521,
-0.33700796961784363,
0.6717623472213745,
2.185621976852417,
0.23995620012283325,
2.119215726852417,
0.14714637398719788,
0.21524986624717712,
0.5864445567131042,
-0.3436279296875,
0.14013583958148956,
0.2713247537612915,
0.007542389910668135,
-0.10635845363140106,
0.10006538033485413,
0.06849788129329681,
0.21644943952560425,
0.08129648119211197,
-0.18446701765060425,
0.3424166142940521,
-1.366962194442749,
0.014189500361680984,
-0.6985426545143127,
0.2779634892940521,
-0.17724961042404175,
-0.26063889265060425,
0.6209622621536255,
0.019494276493787766,
-0.08767230808734894,
-0.34307390451431274,
0.023473886772990227,
-0.009205598384141922,
0.042019184678792953,
-0.03169573098421097,
0.3347074091434479,
0.31234976649284363,
-0.03275005519390106,
-0.07087472826242447,
0.21563251316547394,
0.06755828857421875,
4.693209171295166,
0.05381305515766144,
0.039536695927381516,
0.2207876294851303,
-0.017020592465996742,
0.6612830758094788,
0.42164963483810425,
-0.014976794831454754,
0.1679762303829193,
0.15547825396060944,
0.44568341970443726,
0.47076886892318726,
0.04408535733819008,
-0.25634294748306274,
0.6290189027786255,
0.05778972804546356,
0.03287740796804428,
0.10263824462890625,
-0.2501126825809479,
0.10375858843326569,
0.08322730660438538,
0.42564040422439575,
0.2957763671875,
0.03220073878765106,
-0.22352951765060425,
0.16851806640625,
-0.023067327216267586,
-0.3327542841434479,
-0.14187034964561462,
0.2777193486690521,
0.6848707795143127,
5.475961685180664,
-0.10063993185758591,
0.15203212201595306,
-0.14313213527202606,
-0.13878925144672394,
0.09818854928016663,
-0.02407103404402733,
0.6405123472213745,
-0.3254019021987915,
-0.18032601475715637,
0.04464199021458626,
0.37031203508377075,
-0.5343299508094788,
0.18233078718185425,
0.15458561480045319,
0.3626615107059479,
-0.35894304513931274,
0.008208641782402992,
0.4516977071762085,
-0.14568856358528137,
0.3558311462402344,
-0.39041373133659363,
0.36232346296310425,
-0.44855910539627075,
-0.6525503396987915,
0.21876408159732819,
0.18182724714279175,
0.13856624066829681,
0.11822392046451569,
0.15909752249717712,
0.42300179600715637,
0.17319899797439575,
0.3719693720340729,
0.1793893724679947,
0.12559391558170319,
0.3786714971065521,
0.5751389861106873,
0.2339101880788803,
0.10556411743164062,
0.09116657078266144,
0.21772179007530212,
0.18831340968608856,
0.17107802629470825,
-0.07339359819889069,
-0.40347054600715637,
-0.1834951490163803,
0.13847468793392181,
-0.16866596043109894,
0.1512075513601303,
0.09207271039485931,
0.6332444548606873,
-0.09776540845632553,
1.245342493057251,
0.7353327870368958,
0.18517127633094788,
0.47943586111068726,
-0.07645122706890106,
-0.12725594639778137,
-0.2754810154438019,
0.03999651223421097,
0.4207294285297394,
0.10367085039615631,
-0.005307711195200682,
0.12293771654367447,
0.24606558680534363,
0.4219219386577606,
0.6037034392356873,
-0.01615172252058983,
0.7311823964118958,
-0.17928680777549744,
0.3069598972797394,
0.39743277430534363,
0.014770874753594398,
0.37430983781814575,
0.01645953767001629,
0.22654606401920319,
0.49945539236068726,
0.10541593283414841,
0.03418203443288803,
0.10914024710655212,
-0.0489967055618763,
-0.23291015625,
-0.2388119399547577,
0.13276554644107819,
0.20778244733810425,
-0.0706828162074089,
-0.3654409646987915,
0.05927412211894989,
0.04407677426934242,
-0.15392127633094788,
0.23220355808734894,
-0.09309834986925125,
-0.08246143162250519,
0.6337796449661255,
0.30682843923568726,
-0.09636981785297394,
0.07893489301204681,
0.2831186056137085,
0.05563882738351822,
0.04332792013883591,
-0.046924296766519547,
0.22890061140060425,
0.21822884678840637,
-0.12836749851703644,
0.1455465406179428,
0.003048236481845379,
-0.0020364613737910986,
-0.08362315595149994,
-0.45742562413215637,
0.08785423636436462,
0.496826171875,
0.25074416399002075,
-0.16129596531391144,
0.04676114767789841,
-0.08661115914583206
] |
68 | Who invented air conditioning? | [
{
"docid": "27945098#83",
"text": "Air conditioning is the cooling and de-humidification of indoor air for thermal comfort. Using a system of coils as a solution to cool and remove moisture from muggy air in a printing plant that was wrinkling magazine pages, Willis Carrier invented and manufactured the world's first mechanical air conditioning unit in 1902. Carrier's invention – encompassing the first system to provide man-made control over temperature, humidity, ventilation and air quality, was first installed as a solution to the quality problems experienced at a Brooklyn printing plant, Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company. Air conditioning not only spawned a company and an industry, but also brought about profound economic, social and cultural changes.",
"title": "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)"
},
{
"docid": "609222#0",
"text": "Willis Haviland Carrier (November 26, 1876 – October 7, 1950) was an American engineer, best known for inventing modern air conditioning. Carrier invented the first electrical air conditioning unit in 1902. In 1915, he founded Carrier Corporation, a company specializing in the manufacture and distribution of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.",
"title": "Willis Carrier"
},
{
"docid": "7221088#12",
"text": "In 1902, the first modern electrical air conditioning unit was invented by Willis Carrier in Buffalo, New York. After graduating from Cornell University, Carrier found a job at the Buffalo Forge Company. There, he began experimenting with air conditioning as a way to solve an application problem for the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, New York. The first air conditioner, designed and built in Buffalo by Carrier, began working on 17 July 1902.",
"title": "Air conditioning"
},
{
"docid": "7221088#7",
"text": "Modern air conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was invented and used in 1902 by US inventor Willis Carrier. The introduction of residential air conditioning in the 1920s helped enable the great migration to the Sun Belt in the United States.",
"title": "Air conditioning"
},
{
"docid": "43455#97",
"text": "The inventor Ding Huan (fl. 180 AD) of the Han dynasty invented a rotary fan for air conditioning, with seven wheels 3 m (10 ft) in diameter and manually powered. In 747, Emperor Xuanzong had a \"Cool Hall\" built in the imperial palace, which the \"Tang Yulin\" () describes as having water-powered fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising jet streams of water from fountains. During the subsequent Song dynasty, written sources mentioned the air conditioning rotary fan as even more widely used.",
"title": "Tang dynasty"
},
{
"docid": "31641740#15",
"text": "The inventor Ding Huan (fl. 180 AD) of the Han dynasty invented a rotary fan for air conditioning, with seven wheels 3 m (10 ft) in diameter and manually powered. In 747, Emperor Xuanzong had a \"Cool Hall\" built in the imperial palace, which the \"Tang Yulin\" (唐語林) describes as having water-powered fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising jet streams of water from fountains. During the subsequent Song dynasty, written sources mentioned the air conditioning rotary fan as even more widely used.",
"title": "Science and technology of the Tang dynasty"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7221088#5",
"text": "The 2nd-century Chinese mechanical engineer and inventor Ding Huan of the Han Dynasty invented a rotary fan for air conditioning, with seven wheels in diameter and manually powered by prisoners of the time. In 747, Emperor Xuanzong (r. 712–762) of the Tang Dynasty (618–907) had the \"Cool Hall\" (\"Liang Dian\" ) built in the imperial palace, which the \"Tang Yulin\" describes as having water-powered fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising jet streams of water from fountains. During the subsequent Song Dynasty (960–1279), written sources mentioned the air conditioning rotary fan as even more widely used.",
"title": "Air conditioning"
},
{
"docid": "26298081#2",
"text": "After the War, Northrup went to work for Storm Vulcan, a Dallas company, where he invented a machine to clean aircraft engines. He also embarked on a venture to fit cars with air conditioning equipment, putting the machinery in the trunk and piping the cooled air through tubes in the headliner. This caught the interest of engineers from General Motors, who copied the system in Cadillacs in the late 1940s. \"After market\" automotive AC units were manufactured in Texas until the 1980s. He also sold some of the first air conditioning units, built by the Curtis Mathes Corporation, an early leader in manufacturing window units. Northrup married Jane Keliher and started a family in Dallas, where he designed and built one of the first single-family houses in the United States with central air conditioning. He founded a company to install air conditioning in residential and commercial buildings. With a Marketing Plan from G F Sweetman (CEO of American Awards Co), he became one of largest suppliers of Curtis Mathes fans and compressors in the nation. He also developed a company to manage, install, update, and clean air filtration systems.",
"title": "Leonard L. Northrup Jr."
},
{
"docid": "7221088#13",
"text": "Designed to improve manufacturing process control in a printing plant, Carrier's invention controlled not only temperature but also humidity. Carrier used his knowledge of the heating of objects with steam and reversed the process. Instead of sending air through hot coils, he sent it through cold coils (filled with cold water). The air was cooled, and thereby the amount of moisture in the air could be controlled, which in turn made the humidity in the room controllable. The controlled temperature and humidity helped maintain consistent paper dimensions and ink alignment. Later, Carrier's technology was applied to increase productivity in the workplace, and The Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America was formed to meet rising demand. Over time, air conditioning came to be used to improve comfort in homes and automobiles as well. Residential sales expanded dramatically in the 1950s.",
"title": "Air conditioning"
},
{
"docid": "7221088#16",
"text": "In 1945, Robert Sherman of Lynn, Massachusetts invented a portable, in-window air conditioner that cooled, heated, humidified, dehumidified, and filtered the air.",
"title": "Air conditioning"
}
] | [
0.2523891031742096,
0.2617906928062439,
0.0629621222615242,
-0.0124675203114748,
-0.5160086750984192,
0.10726465284824371,
0.6549944281578064,
-0.3139299750328064,
0.1131635382771492,
0.2075892835855484,
-0.03101021982729435,
-0.2094988077878952,
-0.3230329155921936,
-0.05010986328125,
-0.09234292060136795,
0.1346261203289032,
0.5905413031578064,
-0.03510720282793045,
-0.1796787828207016,
0.084228515625,
0.0826023668050766,
0.3006068766117096,
-0.0970219224691391,
0.3055942952632904,
0.0769500732421875,
0.1072540283203125,
-0.2787039577960968,
0.2714495062828064,
0.2043282687664032,
0.4729701578617096,
0.4130859375,
-0.18212890625,
0.08993829786777496,
0.291748046875,
-0.3388671875,
0.47412109375,
0.019180569797754288,
-0.019707543775439262,
-0.092559814453125,
0.4266880452632904,
-0.11984361708164215,
0.0023629325442016125,
0.5509556531906128,
0.1737256795167923,
-0.0210996363312006,
0.1231711283326149,
0.2071010023355484,
-0.12747083604335785,
-0.2494942843914032,
0.5786481499671936,
-0.2172415554523468,
-0.3019496500492096,
-0.11822509765625,
-0.1364920437335968,
-0.266845703125,
0.5355747938156128,
-0.203125,
0.5919712781906128,
0.1130283921957016,
0.4645647406578064,
0.1351776123046875,
-0.08130332082509995,
0.2224644273519516,
0.0055866241455078125,
0.1340070515871048,
-0.0688563734292984,
0.08749716728925705,
0.0896366685628891,
0.3169991672039032,
0.3147146999835968,
0.2510811984539032,
0.4035295844078064,
0.2816859781742096,
0.02734375,
0.2555280327796936,
-0.2076764851808548,
0.02856881357729435,
0.1222882941365242,
0.1603132039308548,
0.043030738830566406,
0.26806640625,
-0.23583984375,
-0.1927926242351532,
0.8654436469078064,
-0.1753104031085968,
0.4578683078289032,
-0.1220703125,
0.0597599558532238,
0.010936192236840725,
0.4862932562828064,
-0.2842843234539032,
0.2045680433511734,
-0.009213038720190525,
-0.1451394259929657,
-0.0996333509683609,
0.3768136203289032,
0.2943115234375,
-0.0682852640748024,
-0.11104065924882889,
-0.6041085124015808,
-0.1467982679605484,
-0.1254098117351532,
-0.0882742777466774,
0.7338169813156128,
0.1152866929769516,
-0.2880161702632904,
0.0436139777302742,
0.0279410220682621,
0.2202279269695282,
0.3057338297367096,
0.2558245062828064,
-0.2200491726398468,
-0.02440534345805645,
-0.1251395046710968,
0.06305204331874847,
0.0903974249958992,
0.5301164984703064,
-0.1552560031414032,
-0.35238441824913025,
-0.7589983344078064,
0.4341517984867096,
0.1907435804605484,
-0.4119001030921936,
0.2554582953453064,
0.1114981546998024,
0.004246302880346775,
0.5454450249671936,
-0.03022330068051815,
0.6124092936515808,
0.3928920328617096,
0.4580078125,
0.2058170884847641,
-0.08329445868730545,
0.693359375,
-0.105743408203125,
0.1980852335691452,
0.1935511976480484,
-0.3194231390953064,
0.1995064914226532,
-0.4994070827960968,
0.0975014790892601,
0.0466700978577137,
0.320556640625,
0.8103724718093872,
-0.1304931640625,
0.2803606390953064,
0.1183035746216774,
0.6179547905921936,
0.0347813181579113,
0.2029157429933548,
0.014680317603051662,
0.2035042941570282,
-0.4918387234210968,
0.4641461968421936,
-0.2438616007566452,
0.0562090203166008,
0.3233119547367096,
0.2489798367023468,
0.3542916476726532,
-0.0287486482411623,
0.7551618218421936,
0.4108538031578064,
0.115081787109375,
-0.030911650508642197,
-0.06955255568027496,
-0.2001691609621048,
-0.1228419691324234,
0.515380859375,
0.4559151828289032,
-0.3962751030921936,
-0.1208888441324234,
0.09385789930820465,
-0.0571424625813961,
-0.2467738538980484,
0.0242745541036129,
0.13130950927734375,
-0.0604945607483387,
0.2913992702960968,
0.0972617045044899,
0.1393105685710907,
0.0775996595621109,
0.004025186877697706,
-0.0484880730509758,
0.2252894788980484,
0.5258440375328064,
0.1590837687253952,
0.05236925557255745,
-0.0252205990254879,
-0.15435791015625,
0.3524344265460968,
-0.0133056640625,
-0.11205945909023285,
0.4738420844078064,
-0.4076625406742096,
-0.2530866265296936,
0.1373399943113327,
-0.05165018513798714,
0.0784367173910141,
-0.1154567152261734,
0.4972446858882904,
0.0682242289185524,
0.02825491689145565,
-0.2932303249835968,
0.2039271742105484,
0.3431570827960968,
-0.12804357707500458,
0.06854657083749771,
0.1368669718503952,
-0.1901419460773468,
0.07613808661699295,
0.1558314710855484,
0.1978323757648468,
0.1722869873046875,
0.0871625617146492,
-0.3408203125,
0.1355154812335968,
0.4668143093585968,
-0.01629638671875,
0.5204729437828064,
0.136962890625,
-0.2377057820558548,
0.3066754937171936,
-0.07867431640625,
0.1431100070476532,
-0.1173531636595726,
-0.0855734720826149,
-0.1394740492105484,
-0.6038295030593872,
0.2820172905921936,
0.3043735921382904,
0.2845458984375,
-0.07246943563222885,
-0.003958565648645163,
-0.0754220113158226,
0.1558816134929657,
0.3218819797039032,
0.6257672905921936,
0.0850677490234375,
0.06170327216386795,
0.2835693359375,
0.4391741156578064,
0.3046002984046936,
-0.2870047390460968,
0.2607944905757904,
0.4682965874671936,
0.033051081001758575,
0.3823939859867096,
0.5010462999343872,
-0.4559500515460968,
-0.4165387749671936,
0.1298697292804718,
0.1397269070148468,
-0.21856689453125,
0.2245221883058548,
-0.2803780734539032,
0.1180899515748024,
0.1510358601808548,
-0.0277132298797369,
-0.1809518039226532,
-0.1461268812417984,
0.2174399197101593,
0.2775355875492096,
0.2213832288980484,
0.4197823703289032,
-0.4662388265132904,
0.0493796207010746,
0.144927978515625,
0.5311104655265808,
0.1673583984375,
0.2738560140132904,
0.3957170844078064,
-0.4832938015460968,
0.0766536146402359,
0.1701834499835968,
-0.2907540500164032,
-0.04243169352412224,
0.04683467373251915,
0.2396153062582016,
-0.5315638780593872,
-0.1056082621216774,
0.2807791531085968,
-0.01071820966899395,
-0.1484898179769516,
0.349609375,
0.6568080186843872,
0.7677176594734192,
-0.3196149468421936,
-0.3204520046710968,
-0.2465122789144516,
0.021331241354346275,
-0.1186785027384758,
0.3826032280921936,
-0.1499086171388626,
-0.5440848469734192,
0.0812029168009758,
0.3181501030921936,
-0.1251918226480484,
-0.22491455078125,
0.1978062242269516,
0.0220326017588377,
0.6614466905593872,
-0.539794921875,
0.1259133517742157,
0.5357142686843872,
0.08930587768554688,
-0.2170933336019516,
0.0362374447286129,
0.2689993679523468,
-0.012050083838403225,
0.1268027126789093,
0.2259303480386734,
-0.482666015625,
-0.2150442898273468,
0.2090977281332016,
0.5235072374343872,
0.3216029703617096,
-0.0338701531291008,
0.09503173828125,
0.5984235405921936,
0.1452462375164032,
-0.2157069593667984,
-0.0865216925740242,
-0.2495640367269516,
0.1565464586019516,
0.1165422722697258,
-0.3799176812171936,
-0.053434643894433975,
-0.0779200941324234,
0.13226318359375,
0.0710819810628891,
0.5546526312828064,
0.2152012437582016,
0.058718953281641006,
-0.1192801371216774,
-0.2668805718421936,
0.1806771457195282,
0.2046072781085968,
0.3676409125328064,
-0.0712084099650383,
-0.4178466796875,
-0.22755731642246246,
-0.3512834906578064,
0.1003156378865242,
0.3507254421710968,
0.2921316921710968,
0.1837855726480484,
0.3537946343421936,
0.1536778062582016,
0.003077166387811303,
-0.0811854749917984,
0.5648018717765808,
-0.0732814222574234,
-0.1988917738199234,
0.1386762410402298,
-0.05768544226884842,
0.4526715874671936,
0.0179268978536129,
-0.2223772257566452,
0.4556361734867096,
-0.2282453328371048,
0.1424211710691452,
0.3008161187171936,
0.3627755343914032,
-0.1923610121011734,
0.1402239054441452,
0.12838853895664215,
-0.0327366404235363,
-0.1652614027261734,
0.2549874484539032,
0.0990557000041008,
0.2175467312335968,
-0.047821044921875,
-0.1863664835691452,
0.1214425191283226,
-0.3164760172367096,
0.0885881707072258,
0.2648053765296936,
0.4408482015132904,
0.4256068766117096,
0.2330147922039032,
0.0160042904317379,
0.5389578938484192,
0.5719866156578064,
-0.3391636312007904,
-0.0822099968791008,
-0.0850873664021492,
-0.3976004421710968,
0.00017656598356552422,
0.2214181125164032,
0.04229736328125,
0.300201416015625,
-0.3846261203289032,
0.3178362250328064,
-0.4965122640132904,
-0.04419708251953125,
-0.22344970703125,
-0.0520869679749012,
0.3719656765460968,
-0.10335278511047363,
0.08856201171875,
0.2345319539308548,
0.454833984375,
0.3446219265460968,
0.4249790608882904,
4.224888324737549,
0.1155264750123024,
0.0379377081990242,
-0.2828630805015564,
-0.1770978718996048,
0.1922781765460968,
-0.1617257297039032,
-0.3429478108882904,
-0.07299750298261642,
0.0976388081908226,
-0.1005445197224617,
0.02124091610312462,
0.1227896586060524,
0.0019062587525695562,
-0.03914005309343338,
0.1837594211101532,
0.1997855007648468,
0.0392521433532238,
-0.1791774183511734,
0.2941371500492096,
-0.5440150499343872,
0.6156877875328064,
0.0516619011759758,
0.1121586412191391,
0.1562238484621048,
-0.1001325324177742,
0.2002672404050827,
0.0799080953001976,
0.5625697374343872,
0.2644565999507904,
0.02925872802734375,
-0.3785226047039032,
-0.0951494500041008,
0.2004743367433548,
-0.9365234375,
0.1985560804605484,
0.3639788031578064,
0.3385881781578064,
-0.2056361585855484,
0.1537867933511734,
-0.09496743232011795,
0.0912606343626976,
-0.07599789649248123,
0.3931361734867096,
0.5205775499343872,
-0.2363717257976532,
0.03563117980957031,
0.4428013265132904,
0.02370343916118145,
0.1866367906332016,
0.0404009148478508,
-0.3367047905921936,
-0.2515694797039032,
-0.0763222798705101,
0.1480669230222702,
0.4997209906578064,
-0.02791486494243145,
0.5064871907234192,
-0.07879638671875,
-0.2633405327796936,
0.0670841783285141,
-0.0297252107411623,
-0.4857700765132904,
0.0484204962849617,
-0.3600725531578064,
-0.12307630479335785,
0.3527134358882904,
0.0982818603515625,
0.3688092827796936,
-0.06283842027187347,
0.2356741726398468,
0.4128069281578064,
0.3097272515296936,
-0.2230398952960968,
-0.1219962015748024,
-0.1014382466673851,
-0.1476789265871048,
-0.1278425008058548,
0.1251678466796875,
0.0829707533121109,
0.0630711168050766,
-0.008506502024829388,
-0.042024340480566025,
0.1642892062664032,
-0.3799176812171936,
0.6712471842765808,
0.0325099416077137,
0.02301461435854435,
0.39990234375,
0.0415736623108387,
0.3488420844078064,
0.0620923712849617,
-0.1859043687582016,
-0.0313219353556633,
0.2815639078617096,
0.0807320699095726,
-0.08374132215976715,
-4.041015625,
0.5787528157234192,
0.0695212259888649,
-0.07003021240234375,
-0.02390616200864315,
-0.2537318766117096,
-0.1613420695066452,
0.5020228624343872,
-0.459228515625,
0.1119907945394516,
-0.0509708933532238,
0.0834764763712883,
-0.1302403062582016,
0.68212890625,
0.3224748969078064,
0.1239580437541008,
-0.06893376260995865,
0.3092913031578064,
0.4057268500328064,
-0.0395725779235363,
0.1129804328083992,
0.2221592515707016,
0.4130510687828064,
-0.6004115343093872,
0.3380649983882904,
0.2321406751871109,
0.1223406121134758,
0.0746939554810524,
-0.05952126532793045,
0.0553937628865242,
-0.1737234890460968,
0.2415597140789032,
0.5869140625,
-0.2306257039308548,
0.2861851155757904,
0.5371791124343872,
0.3450230062007904,
0.3126220703125,
0.5716727375984192,
0.4980120062828064,
0.03166525810956955,
0.0686776265501976,
0.0231617521494627,
0.3397042453289032,
0.0347813181579113,
-0.041785020381212234,
-0.3882882297039032,
0.1324332058429718,
0.04593440517783165,
-0.1910749226808548,
0.3346121609210968,
0.397216796875,
-0.1006513312458992,
0.2807268500328064,
0.3191964328289032,
-0.019820358604192734,
0.1302839070558548,
0.0440935418009758,
0.2132132351398468,
0.2926374077796936,
0.2787213921546936,
0.0492597296833992,
0.05636269599199295,
0.2439662367105484,
0.2539934515953064,
-0.1348179429769516,
-0.1948329359292984,
0.1571916788816452,
0.2732456624507904,
-0.2928466796875,
0.2515171468257904,
0.0652901753783226,
0.128692626953125,
-0.0904323011636734,
0.1733659952878952,
0.4037388265132904,
-0.1271580308675766,
-0.2219674289226532,
0.520751953125,
0.1476026326417923,
-0.1514718234539032,
0.2058454304933548,
-0.4672502875328064,
0.0940726175904274,
2.2631137371063232,
0.4650530219078064,
2.1681082248687744,
0.6253487467765808,
0.1514107882976532,
0.429931640625,
-0.0678885355591774,
0.2557285726070404,
0.1675327867269516,
-0.1472255140542984,
0.2014596164226532,
0.5570591688156128,
-0.2159510999917984,
-0.2586844265460968,
0.0868312269449234,
-0.2761404812335968,
0.3175223171710968,
-0.9077845811843872,
0.1279732882976532,
-0.2953403890132904,
-0.008974348194897175,
0.2751639187335968,
-0.3032575249671936,
0.3094482421875,
-0.015424455516040325,
0.0827854722738266,
-0.3086983859539032,
-0.1529933363199234,
0.059322357177734375,
-0.4822126030921936,
0.01998138427734375,
0.2494245320558548,
0.2381417453289032,
-0.0859963521361351,
-0.12178312242031097,
0.06519535928964615,
0.0349557064473629,
4.7176337242126465,
-0.040487561374902725,
-0.4101039469242096,
0.1439034640789032,
0.1909528523683548,
0.1646684855222702,
0.3223353922367096,
0.0974033921957016,
-0.0396684929728508,
0.19537353515625,
-0.3303920328617096,
0.3089076578617096,
-0.1991664320230484,
-0.008819580078125,
0.10498046875,
-0.2376011461019516,
0.06727518141269684,
0.159820556640625,
0.3048357367515564,
0.2704555094242096,
0.2203892320394516,
0.1967250257730484,
0.4010881781578064,
-0.2052961140871048,
0.0651964470744133,
0.1015450581908226,
-0.0414232537150383,
-0.3717564046382904,
-0.0627201646566391,
0.4093366265296936,
0.0607038214802742,
5.4542412757873535,
0.1934727281332016,
0.4642857015132904,
-0.3107212483882904,
0.1346043199300766,
0.2453351765871048,
-0.2765590250492096,
-0.1125335693359375,
-0.2059849351644516,
-0.0877838134765625,
-0.1403721421957016,
0.0031389507930725813,
0.006777626927942038,
0.1515284925699234,
0.2809186577796936,
0.5160435438156128,
-0.0848018079996109,
-0.1027199849486351,
0.1346261203289032,
-0.2130126953125,
0.44140625,
0.14618900418281555,
0.3412737250328064,
-0.2581961452960968,
-0.0384521484375,
0.1162654310464859,
-0.1546107679605484,
0.587158203125,
-0.0732552632689476,
-0.1575578898191452,
0.394287109375,
0.102783203125,
-0.1755807101726532,
0.1662379652261734,
-0.1327427476644516,
0.2359139621257782,
0.325439453125,
-0.1389203816652298,
0.1655447781085968,
-0.20696476101875305,
0.3425815999507904,
0.1086251363158226,
0.1990705281496048,
0.09314946085214615,
0.12342289835214615,
-0.2034214586019516,
-0.2420479953289032,
-0.013262067921459675,
0.02767399325966835,
-0.0731462761759758,
0.1346435546875,
-0.047011785209178925,
1.0482003688812256,
0.5914481282234192,
0.2211565226316452,
0.2613699734210968,
-0.0017068044980987906,
-0.09820556640625,
0.2122802734375,
0.17116329073905945,
0.3366960883140564,
0.1128387451171875,
0.1683785617351532,
0.5360630750656128,
0.1418827623128891,
0.2796805202960968,
0.05718667060136795,
-0.006510598119348288,
0.3658272922039032,
0.1487165242433548,
0.0032762798946350813,
0.09163665771484375,
-0.1286708265542984,
-0.060361046344041824,
0.1362479031085968,
-0.0461796335875988,
0.0625348761677742,
-0.328125,
0.21038818359375,
-0.2551967203617096,
-0.112579345703125,
-0.2265101820230484,
-0.1740896999835968,
0.1205313578248024,
-0.1026502326130867,
-0.259033203125,
-0.0416957326233387,
0.1881801038980484,
0.37060546875,
0.1878487765789032,
0.0909162238240242,
-0.2740129828453064,
0.05950382724404335,
0.2400599867105484,
0.009798322804272175,
0.1859348863363266,
0.4479282796382904,
0.21435546875,
-0.0008021763642318547,
0.5133928656578064,
-0.279296875,
0.0409197136759758,
0.012342180125415325,
0.3969028890132904,
0.2167707234621048,
-0.15960693359375,
0.1084398552775383,
0.04986463114619255,
-0.1746739000082016,
0.2638462483882904,
0.6299525499343872,
0.3313511312007904,
-0.4571358859539032,
0.15400750935077667,
-0.08552660048007965
] |
69 | What is the largest asteroid? | [
{
"docid": "5595163#17",
"text": "Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt.\nIt is sometimes assumed that Ceres has been \"re\"classified as a dwarf planet, and that it is therefore no longer considered an asteroid. For example, a news update at Space.com spoke of \"Pallas, the largest asteroid, and Ceres, the dwarf planet formerly classified as an asteroid\", whereas an IAU question-and-answer posting states, \"Ceres is (or now we can say it was) the largest asteroid\", though it then speaks of \"other asteroids\" crossing Ceres' path and otherwise implies that Ceres is still considered an asteroid. The Minor Planet Center notes that such bodies may have dual designations. The 2006 IAU decision that classified Ceres as a dwarf planet never addressed whether it is or is not an asteroid. Indeed, the IAU has never defined the word 'asteroid' at all, having preferred the term 'minor planet' until 2006, and preferring the terms 'small Solar System body' and 'dwarf planet' after 2006. Lang (2011) comments \"the [IAU has] added a new designation to Ceres, classifying it as a dwarf planet. ... By [its] definition, Eris, Haumea, Makemake and Pluto, as well as the largest asteroid, 1 Ceres, are all dwarf planets\", and describes it elsewhere as \"the dwarf planet–asteroid 1 Ceres\". NASA continues to refer to Ceres as an asteroid, as do various academic textbooks.",
"title": "Ceres (dwarf planet)"
},
{
"docid": "791#37",
"text": "The dwarf planet Ceres is by far the largest asteroid, with a diameter of . The next largest are 4 Vesta and 2 Pallas, both with diameters of just over . Vesta is the only main-belt asteroid that can, on occasion, be visible to the naked eye. On some rare occasions, a near-Earth asteroid may briefly become visible without technical aid; see 99942 Apophis.",
"title": "Asteroid"
},
{
"docid": "791#40",
"text": "Although their location in the asteroid belt excludes them from planet status, the three largest objects, Ceres, Vesta, and Pallas, are intact protoplanets that share many characteristics common to planets, and are atypical compared to the majority of \"potato\"-shaped asteroids. The fourth largest asteroid, Hygiea, has an undifferentiated interior, like the majority of asteroids. Between them, the four largest asteroids constitute half the mass of the asteroid belt.",
"title": "Asteroid"
},
{
"docid": "532253#4",
"text": "The largest unequivocally C-type asteroid is 10 Hygiea, although the SMASS classification places the largest asteroid, 1 Ceres, here as well, because that scheme lacks a G-type.",
"title": "C-type asteroid"
},
{
"docid": "4511790#11",
"text": "After Ceres, Asteroid 433 Eros is perhaps the most-commonly mentioned asteroid, probably because it is one of the largest near-Earth asteroids.",
"title": "Asteroids in fiction"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "725656#0",
"text": "Eunomia (minor planet designation 15 Eunomia) is a very large asteroid in the inner asteroid belt. It is the largest of the stony (S-type) asteroids, and somewhere between the 8th- and 12th-largest main-belt asteroid overall (uncertainty in diameters causes uncertainty in its ranking). It is the largest Eunomian asteroid, and is estimated to contain 1% of the mass of the asteroid belt.",
"title": "15 Eunomia"
},
{
"docid": "791#46",
"text": "The physical composition of asteroids is varied and in most cases poorly understood. Ceres appears to be composed of a rocky core covered by an icy mantle, where Vesta is thought to have a nickel-iron core, olivine mantle, and basaltic crust. 10 Hygiea, however, which appears to have a uniformly primitive composition of carbonaceous chondrite, is thought to be the largest undifferentiated asteroid. Most of the smaller asteroids are thought to be piles of rubble held together loosely by gravity, though the largest are probably solid. Some asteroids have moons or are co-orbiting binaries: Rubble piles, moons, binaries, and scattered asteroid families are thought to be the results of collisions that disrupted a parent asteroid, or, possibly, a planet.",
"title": "Asteroid"
},
{
"docid": "735072#3",
"text": "Angelina is an uncommon form of E-type asteroid; it is the third largest E-type after 44 Nysa and 55 Pandora, and has an exceptionally high albedo. As of 1991, it is thought to have an average radius of about . Back when asteroids were generally assumed to have low albedos, Angelina was thought to be the largest of this class, but modern research has shown that its diameter is only a quarter of what was previously assumed, an error caused by its exceptional brightness. Traditional calculations had suggested that since Angelina has an absolute magnitude of 7.7 and an albedo of 0.15, its diameter would have been around 100 km. However, a 2004 occultation showed a cross-sectional profile of only 48x53 km. Angelina was observed by Arecibo radar in January 2010.",
"title": "64 Angelina"
},
{
"docid": "16476264#0",
"text": "1512 Oulu, provisional designation , is a dark Hildian asteroid, slow rotator and possibly the largest known tumbler orbiting in the outermost region of the asteroid belt. With a diameter of approximately 80 kilometers, it belongs to the fifty largest asteroids in the outer main-belt. The body was discovered on 18 March 1939, by Finnish astronomer Heikki Alikoski at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland and named for the Finnish town Oulu.",
"title": "1512 Oulu"
},
{
"docid": "4511790#14",
"text": "Asteroid 2 Pallas is the third-largest belt asteroid.Asteroid 4 Vesta is the second largest of the asteroids.A common depiction of asteroids (and less often, of comets) in fiction is as a threat, whose impact on Earth could result with incalculable damage and loss of life. This scenario is based on such past events as the impact event responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs. Such events are, however, sufficiently rare that there is no special reason to expect such an impact in the near future.When the theme of interplanetary colonization first entered SF, the Asteroid Belt was quite low on the list of desirable real estate, far behind such planets as Mars and Venus (often conceived as a kind of paradise planet, until probes in the 1960s revealed uninhabitable temperatures with a deadly carbon dioxide and sulfur atmosphere under its clouds). Thus, in many stories and books the Asteroid Belt, if not a positive hazard, is still a rarely visited backwater in a colonized Solar System.Before colonization of the asteroids became an attractive possibility, a main interest in them was theories as to their origin – specifically, the theory that the asteroids are remnants of an exploded planet. This naturally leads to SF plot lines dealing with the possibility that the planet had been inhabited, and if so – that the inhabitants caused its destruction themselves, by war or gross environmental mismanagement. A further extension is from the past of the existing asteroids to the possible future destruction of Earth or other planets and their rendering into new asteroids.",
"title": "Asteroids in fiction"
}
] | [
0.356109619140625,
-0.035292625427246094,
-0.09921514987945557,
0.36358642578125,
0.208984375,
-0.00152587890625,
0.421234130859375,
-0.31097412109375,
0.0717010498046875,
0.3524169921875,
-0.15109074115753174,
-0.15799713134765625,
-0.297882080078125,
-0.26678466796875,
-0.17468690872192383,
-0.12989044189453125,
0.511688232421875,
-0.03253746032714844,
-0.2691497802734375,
0.242095947265625,
-0.29595947265625,
0.690673828125,
0.0653228759765625,
-0.20136260986328125,
0.1489410400390625,
0.2067718505859375,
-0.3616943359375,
0.11278152465820312,
-0.07481718063354492,
0.27436065673828125,
0.20544147491455078,
-0.2341766357421875,
-0.08295822143554688,
0.501373291015625,
-0.240875244140625,
0.27435302734375,
0.2489471435546875,
0.261322021484375,
0.037059783935546875,
0.23097991943359375,
0.0041255950927734375,
0.22271728515625,
0.23236083984375,
-0.10596466064453125,
-0.045379638671875,
0.184661865234375,
-0.1462078094482422,
0.1733245849609375,
0.260894775390625,
-0.19696044921875,
-0.2346954345703125,
0.22772979736328125,
-0.10968780517578125,
-0.2245635986328125,
-0.10629653930664062,
0.3083343505859375,
0.2061004638671875,
0.78900146484375,
0.03591632843017578,
0.00792694091796875,
0.1079254150390625,
0.2291412353515625,
-0.09101104736328125,
-0.27606201171875,
-0.04847383499145508,
0.364990234375,
0.10074615478515625,
-0.04528045654296875,
0.44342041015625,
0.23232316970825195,
0.35760498046875,
0.509521484375,
0.2478179931640625,
0.20183944702148438,
-0.1463623046875,
-0.2230377197265625,
0.08034896850585938,
-0.11582183837890625,
0.4747314453125,
-0.0005092620849609375,
0.2063446044921875,
0.05452919006347656,
-0.0101470947265625,
0.2882537841796875,
-0.442962646484375,
0.333282470703125,
0.055362701416015625,
0.279266357421875,
0.2071685791015625,
0.5013427734375,
-0.025844573974609375,
-0.14281034469604492,
0.4322509765625,
-0.13468360900878906,
0.144866943359375,
0.2238616943359375,
0.18619537353515625,
-0.08288884162902832,
0.3463134765625,
-0.37548828125,
0.0956873893737793,
-0.23255014419555664,
-0.064453125,
0.18560028076171875,
0.13377761840820312,
-0.343048095703125,
-0.4135894775390625,
-0.009552955627441406,
0.551483154296875,
0.264129638671875,
0.26711273193359375,
-0.15340042114257812,
0.247314453125,
-0.005787909030914307,
0.319488525390625,
-0.181915283203125,
0.213592529296875,
-0.2258148193359375,
-0.20561599731445312,
-0.7119140625,
0.3700714111328125,
0.10239791870117188,
-0.345794677734375,
-0.06482124328613281,
-0.04156684875488281,
-0.033997297286987305,
0.61468505859375,
-0.1913299560546875,
0.64910888671875,
0.087615966796875,
-0.13956069946289062,
-0.026071548461914062,
0.41668701171875,
0.366943359375,
0.008805274963378906,
0.18987083435058594,
0.396240234375,
-0.035325050354003906,
-0.022471725940704346,
-0.105224609375,
-0.56463623046875,
0.2620849609375,
-0.37548828125,
0.50640869140625,
-0.07759857177734375,
0.375457763671875,
-0.00188446044921875,
0.14315414428710938,
0.14310646057128906,
0.274017333984375,
0.13735198974609375,
0.37908935546875,
0.007479742169380188,
0.42901611328125,
-0.032444000244140625,
0.19788360595703125,
0.53411865234375,
-0.1480255126953125,
-0.3468475341796875,
-0.3159027099609375,
0.7054443359375,
0.342376708984375,
-0.060965538024902344,
-0.1801910400390625,
0.18493270874023438,
0.09053421020507812,
0.13072586059570312,
0.58154296875,
0.468048095703125,
0.056491851806640625,
0.04889678955078125,
0.298675537109375,
-0.022256851196289062,
-0.12662315368652344,
0.10970687866210938,
0.2467041015625,
-0.15471649169921875,
0.520904541015625,
0.2312183380126953,
-0.3683319091796875,
0.07915544509887695,
0.440155029296875,
0.357513427734375,
-0.03794455528259277,
0.64501953125,
0.3023681640625,
-0.1974029541015625,
0.29630279541015625,
-0.3091583251953125,
-0.0481719970703125,
0.27142333984375,
0.11487579345703125,
0.245513916015625,
-0.218414306640625,
-0.03377723693847656,
0.09516143798828125,
-0.1342029571533203,
-0.07764434814453125,
-0.3076591491699219,
-0.006815314292907715,
-0.23039770126342773,
-0.1447734832763672,
-0.660888671875,
0.2431640625,
0.3289031982421875,
-0.32874298095703125,
0.09766387939453125,
0.3569793701171875,
-0.255889892578125,
-0.060211896896362305,
-0.001514434814453125,
0.07906150817871094,
-0.09345245361328125,
0.19754791259765625,
-0.315155029296875,
0.16461181640625,
-0.15453338623046875,
-0.350006103515625,
0.47849273681640625,
-0.10513687133789062,
-0.10308647155761719,
0.416656494140625,
-0.0501556396484375,
-0.551025390625,
-0.026035308837890625,
-0.24311065673828125,
0.0875244140625,
-0.2679443359375,
0.2887725830078125,
0.474639892578125,
0.318359375,
0.6927490234375,
0.1325225830078125,
-0.18210983276367188,
0.4725341796875,
0.281219482421875,
0.11301422119140625,
0.07427597045898438,
-0.019992828369140625,
-0.26480865478515625,
0.1881103515625,
0.03653120994567871,
-0.07450485229492188,
0.06376934051513672,
0.51983642578125,
0.08306312561035156,
0.1421337127685547,
0.44140625,
-0.277435302734375,
-0.275482177734375,
0.376922607421875,
-0.12435531616210938,
0.111785888671875,
0.218353271484375,
-0.449981689453125,
0.15298843383789062,
-0.07790660858154297,
0.13456511497497559,
0.250762939453125,
-0.04913139343261719,
0.2850799560546875,
0.351715087890625,
0.403533935546875,
0.3036041259765625,
-0.0020503997802734375,
0.016539573669433594,
0.010859489440917969,
0.40972900390625,
0.165802001953125,
0.6590576171875,
0.284698486328125,
-0.444244384765625,
-0.019117355346679688,
-0.031607627868652344,
-0.26007080078125,
-0.342742919921875,
0.275390625,
-0.05218696594238281,
-0.5489501953125,
0.292694091796875,
0.0499725341796875,
0.043895721435546875,
-0.185211181640625,
-0.20509862899780273,
0.34161376953125,
0.310028076171875,
-0.06543731689453125,
-0.07128524780273438,
-0.402435302734375,
0.060413360595703125,
0.019793987274169922,
0.431182861328125,
-0.022739887237548828,
-0.499359130859375,
-0.1417837142944336,
0.3544158935546875,
0.2266845703125,
-0.04588603973388672,
0.333221435546875,
-0.07341289520263672,
0.563079833984375,
-0.22714996337890625,
0.1462554931640625,
0.12248516082763672,
-0.004679679870605469,
-0.09299373626708984,
-0.11712265014648438,
0.3583831787109375,
0.13877296447753906,
0.1775665283203125,
0.2077789306640625,
-0.0702219009399414,
0.04492950439453125,
0.36883544921875,
0.419097900390625,
0.405426025390625,
0.043570518493652344,
-0.05411338806152344,
0.45538330078125,
0.3441162109375,
-0.10547256469726562,
-0.025114059448242188,
-0.21087646484375,
-0.1776580810546875,
0.2593841552734375,
-0.4301280975341797,
0.40069580078125,
-0.342193603515625,
0.5823974609375,
0.43939208984375,
0.5339508056640625,
-0.1334162950515747,
-0.027622222900390625,
0.15087127685546875,
0.1821136474609375,
0.17324447631835938,
-0.2451934814453125,
0.41644287109375,
0.270538330078125,
0.03856658935546875,
0.07851791381835938,
0.1429595947265625,
-0.0406341552734375,
0.36285400390625,
-0.1714630126953125,
-0.04843902587890625,
0.019590377807617188,
-0.125030517578125,
0.1897430419921875,
-0.10095643997192383,
0.314544677734375,
0.09550666809082031,
-0.24643707275390625,
0.17211151123046875,
-0.03796195983886719,
-0.20069122314453125,
0.47930908203125,
-0.01597738265991211,
0.030832767486572266,
-0.2553863525390625,
0.03243684768676758,
0.1991119384765625,
0.2584686279296875,
0.40997314453125,
0.308807373046875,
0.05282878875732422,
-0.005026876926422119,
-0.004053831100463867,
-0.04325103759765625,
-0.004627227783203125,
0.416900634765625,
-0.07148456573486328,
0.005193948745727539,
0.1207427978515625,
-0.17919921875,
-0.355987548828125,
0.3597412109375,
0.3546142578125,
0.50250244140625,
0.19622039794921875,
0.27091217041015625,
0.3963623046875,
0.0750805139541626,
0.0015788674354553223,
-0.3325653076171875,
-0.17328643798828125,
0.190673828125,
0.20920181274414062,
0.02548980712890625,
-0.385711669921875,
0.40283203125,
0.07168960571289062,
0.23089599609375,
0.48333740234375,
-0.0958404541015625,
-0.10162353515625,
0.0663686990737915,
-0.20379257202148438,
0.213531494140625,
-0.05439600348472595,
0.12255859375,
0.4078369140625,
0.4082794189453125,
0.08973550796508789,
4.130126953125,
0.04479408264160156,
0.313995361328125,
-0.1524810791015625,
-0.13080596923828125,
0.383697509765625,
0.37933349609375,
0.04328489303588867,
0.032306671142578125,
0.10886383056640625,
-0.0024576187133789062,
0.32189178466796875,
0.06633663177490234,
-0.1799468994140625,
-0.509246826171875,
0.02664470672607422,
0.711669921875,
0.2741546630859375,
-0.14994430541992188,
0.3187713623046875,
-0.3261566162109375,
0.15967559814453125,
0.13360023498535156,
-0.13572311401367188,
0.28436279296875,
-0.0028252601623535156,
0.374908447265625,
-0.01987457275390625,
-0.05331778526306152,
0.2689971923828125,
0.364715576171875,
0.108489990234375,
0.086456298828125,
0.459442138671875,
-0.86474609375,
0.11144065856933594,
0.1660308837890625,
0.057403564453125,
0.08646202087402344,
0.1315021514892578,
-0.4222869873046875,
-0.00106048583984375,
0.30889892578125,
0.33599853515625,
0.2938079833984375,
-0.09249114990234375,
-0.0489497184753418,
0.26947021484375,
-0.3180694580078125,
-0.005515098571777344,
0.159820556640625,
-0.17455291748046875,
-0.015552043914794922,
-0.2182464599609375,
0.370086669921875,
0.2659149169921875,
0.09014892578125,
0.18546199798583984,
-0.07645797729492188,
-0.09345898032188416,
0.11251449584960938,
0.364532470703125,
0.3224334716796875,
0.183380126953125,
-0.395294189453125,
-0.04461503028869629,
0.458465576171875,
0.37241363525390625,
0.21812057495117188,
0.13174152374267578,
0.2596435546875,
0.3485107421875,
0.2308807373046875,
-0.16150665283203125,
-0.07805252075195312,
0.3677520751953125,
-0.423248291015625,
0.4840087890625,
0.3743743896484375,
-0.11651229858398438,
0.2011866569519043,
-0.224151611328125,
-0.128326416015625,
0.22241973876953125,
-0.1074676513671875,
0.5360107421875,
0.11129188537597656,
-0.14469146728515625,
0.43756103515625,
0.2145233154296875,
0.34197998046875,
-0.12885665893554688,
0.03090667724609375,
-0.08858919143676758,
-0.10335731506347656,
0.06918716430664062,
0.06822776794433594,
-4.04248046875,
0.15160369873046875,
0.028380393981933594,
-0.06718254089355469,
-0.028093338012695312,
-0.3465576171875,
-0.16918182373046875,
0.046627044677734375,
-0.50457763671875,
0.6739501953125,
-0.026681900024414062,
0.353790283203125,
0.0429227352142334,
0.524688720703125,
0.2798614501953125,
-0.02577972412109375,
0.0322723388671875,
0.011794090270996094,
0.1783294677734375,
-0.022420883178710938,
-0.062148451805114746,
0.44775390625,
0.5269775390625,
-0.280914306640625,
0.01868152618408203,
-0.03154754638671875,
-0.09765625,
-0.301116943359375,
0.174407958984375,
-0.031890869140625,
-0.05264997482299805,
-0.05038142204284668,
0.40679931640625,
-0.357177734375,
0.3038330078125,
0.264892578125,
0.274017333984375,
0.1550140380859375,
0.355560302734375,
0.331085205078125,
0.04477959871292114,
0.15236663818359375,
0.421142578125,
0.11164474487304688,
-0.2859954833984375,
-0.02127775549888611,
-0.32928466796875,
0.07047843933105469,
-0.16180419921875,
-0.023040771484375,
0.2356414794921875,
0.2729949951171875,
-0.442474365234375,
0.13188552856445312,
0.357666015625,
-0.460205078125,
0.476470947265625,
-0.545196533203125,
0.4139404296875,
0.14411544799804688,
0.1605243682861328,
-0.027156829833984375,
-0.10242843627929688,
0.11153030395507812,
0.2223818302154541,
0.0078125,
0.59515380859375,
0.354156494140625,
0.0835113525390625,
-0.09882926940917969,
0.138671875,
0.252227783203125,
0.04398345947265625,
0.041782379150390625,
0.13634109497070312,
0.04262542724609375,
-0.020578622817993164,
-0.09253835678100586,
0.6309814453125,
0.15387344360351562,
-0.184814453125,
0.044208526611328125,
-0.315887451171875,
0.13210296630859375,
2.2203369140625,
0.6593017578125,
2.2620849609375,
-0.020661354064941406,
-0.30200958251953125,
0.55328369140625,
0.4005126953125,
0.45355224609375,
-0.11693453788757324,
-0.085693359375,
0.08193016052246094,
-0.021516084671020508,
-0.1891937255859375,
-0.186767578125,
0.13594818115234375,
-0.2656402587890625,
0.49908447265625,
-0.78863525390625,
-0.28607177734375,
-0.08255767822265625,
0.08268308639526367,
-0.022300243377685547,
-0.13770294189453125,
0.569976806640625,
-0.13466644287109375,
0.10202407836914062,
-0.2313385009765625,
0.01941680908203125,
-0.07542991638183594,
-0.273345947265625,
0.11334419250488281,
0.16729092597961426,
0.10379409790039062,
-0.12147808074951172,
0.0834054946899414,
0.2024688720703125,
0.2282562255859375,
4.74951171875,
-0.28507232666015625,
-0.12098312377929688,
0.0173797607421875,
-0.378265380859375,
0.2869873046875,
-0.119873046875,
0.07020378112792969,
0.05695974826812744,
-0.09830665588378906,
0.26226043701171875,
-0.07719230651855469,
0.13474178314208984,
0.2566070556640625,
-0.10821056365966797,
0.4251708984375,
0.2973480224609375,
0.2657318115234375,
0.16579437255859375,
0.1901702880859375,
0.10928916931152344,
0.3526458740234375,
0.3330078125,
-0.12526321411132812,
0.034362077713012695,
0.25530242919921875,
0.10772705078125,
-0.19635009765625,
-0.09087181091308594,
0.543548583984375,
0.16857147216796875,
5.498046875,
0.2569122314453125,
0.304840087890625,
-0.378875732421875,
0.04600715637207031,
0.398406982421875,
-0.38140869140625,
-0.40692138671875,
-0.3127593994140625,
-0.08172607421875,
-0.023588180541992188,
-0.05153656005859375,
0.15192413330078125,
0.398712158203125,
0.3011627197265625,
0.1362457275390625,
-0.054599761962890625,
-0.15805816650390625,
0.0016727447509765625,
-0.009208321571350098,
0.611114501953125,
-0.0739297866821289,
0.052459716796875,
-0.455108642578125,
0.055816650390625,
-0.505950927734375,
-0.10918045043945312,
0.2307872772216797,
-0.399871826171875,
0.006350517272949219,
0.441375732421875,
0.08063411712646484,
-0.21068572998046875,
0.2910308837890625,
-0.11043548583984375,
0.23972320556640625,
0.350433349609375,
0.05502128601074219,
-0.12096405029296875,
0.08166933059692383,
-0.10946738719940186,
0.56060791015625,
-0.2729339599609375,
-0.07863235473632812,
-0.0758514404296875,
0.131072998046875,
-0.2099761962890625,
0.2445526123046875,
-0.024486541748046875,
0.2484130859375,
0.2200775146484375,
-0.06017303466796875,
1.0626220703125,
0.14459991455078125,
0.47119140625,
0.365570068359375,
-0.024784088134765625,
-0.15393829345703125,
0.2201690673828125,
0.008507728576660156,
0.75067138671875,
0.06377792358398438,
0.08536958694458008,
0.333526611328125,
0.300872802734375,
0.307220458984375,
0.3735198974609375,
0.0015316009521484375,
0.475006103515625,
-0.1504955291748047,
0.13893890380859375,
0.08379542827606201,
0.2973175048828125,
0.452117919921875,
0.005629539489746094,
0.574310302734375,
-0.24859619140625,
-0.02858257293701172,
-0.08905601501464844,
0.1000823974609375,
-0.058589935302734375,
-0.379852294921875,
-0.3816070556640625,
-0.300445556640625,
0.011376768350601196,
-0.2201080322265625,
-0.346282958984375,
0.4683837890625,
0.437408447265625,
0.115447998046875,
0.40380859375,
0.2606964111328125,
-0.061370849609375,
0.46527099609375,
-0.04622077941894531,
0.11674118041992188,
0.2442626953125,
0.13672637939453125,
-0.309967041015625,
0.2768707275390625,
-0.0986328125,
0.4659423828125,
0.19775390625,
-0.12871360778808594,
0.263885498046875,
-0.10869979858398438,
0.24544906616210938,
0.03650712966918945,
0.06136131286621094,
0.025852680206298828,
0.438751220703125,
0.37603759765625,
-0.07356786727905273,
0.15008544921875,
-0.19867706298828125
] |
70 | When did the American Renaissance happen? | [
{
"docid": "25532#13",
"text": "Many argue that the ideas characterizing the Renaissance had their origin in late 13th-century Florence, in particular with the writings of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Petrarch (1304–1374), as well as the paintings of Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337). Some writers date the Renaissance quite precisely; one proposed starting point is 1401, when the rival geniuses Lorenzo Ghiberti and Filippo Brunelleschi competed for the contract to build the bronze doors for the Baptistery of the Florence Cathedral (Ghiberti won). Others see more general competition between artists and polymaths such as Brunelleschi, Ghiberti, Donatello, and Masaccio for artistic commissions as sparking the creativity of the Renaissance. Yet it remains much debated why the Renaissance began in Italy, and why it began when it did. Accordingly, several theories have been put forward to explain its origins.",
"title": "Renaissance"
},
{
"docid": "324483#0",
"text": "The American Renaissance was a period of American architecture and the arts from 1876 to 1917, characterized by renewed national self-confidence and a feeling that the United States was the heir to Greek democracy, Roman law, and Renaissance humanism. The era spans the period between the Centennial Exposition (celebrating the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence) and the United States' entry into World War I.",
"title": "American Renaissance"
},
{
"docid": "1496260#0",
"text": "The American Renaissance period in American literature ran from about 1830 to around the Civil War. A central term in American studies, the American Renaissance was for a while considered synonymous with American Romanticism and was closely associated with Transcendentalism.",
"title": "American Renaissance (literature)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1102214#9",
"text": "\"American Renaissance\" has held conferences since 1994. Anti-racist activists were sometimes successful in persuading private hotels to cancel their reservations with \"American Renaissance\". In 2011, the publication planned to hold a three-day conference at a Sheraton Airport hotel in Charlotte, North Carolina. The hotel cancelled the group's booking amid plans by anti-racism activists and the Jewish Defense Organization to protest at the conference cite. The mayor pro tem of the city also reportedly contacted the hotel.",
"title": "American Renaissance (magazine)"
},
{
"docid": "4829567#1",
"text": "In 1993 Renaissance moved to a newly renovated former print works in Derby called The Conservatory. The Conservatory was only just finished in time for opening of Renaissance on the Saturday night but was decorated with the (by then) signature gold cherubs and velvet drapes which have become indicative of the oppulent style of Renaissance events. In 1995, Renaissance put on their first international show at Womb in Tokyo. Other international dates soon followed, and in 2007, Renaissance hosted over 150 shows in more than 25 countries around the world. The Renaissance monthly residency at the Cross nightclub in London was one of the longest running continuous club nights in the world, and ended in November 2007 when the venue closed permanently to make way for new development. They are known for their use of classical imagery in their packaging and advertising.",
"title": "Renaissance (club)"
},
{
"docid": "357090#4",
"text": "As far as the end of the High Renaissance is concerned Hartt, Frommel, Piper, Wundrum and Winkelman all state that the High Renaissance ended in 1520 with the death of Raphael. Honour and Fleming stated the High Renaissance was the first quarter of the 16th century meaning it would have ended in 1525. By contrast, Luigi Lanzi, in his \"History of Italian Painting\", 1795–96, stated it ended with the Sack of Rome in 1527. when several artists were killed and many other dispersed from Rome, and Stokstad agrees. Raunch asserts that 1530 has been considered to be the end of the High Renaissance. Hartt adds that 1520 to 1530 was a transition period between the High Renaissance and Mannerism.",
"title": "High Renaissance"
},
{
"docid": "13505068#1",
"text": "The Minnesota Renaissance Festival began in September 1971 on a field in Jonathan, Minnesota. More than 25,000 people visited the two weekend grand opening of the festival then named “A Celebration of Nature, Art, and Life!” It was later moved to its current site in Shakopee where it continues as one of the oldest and largest Renaissance fairs in the United States. It has played host to the early careers of such national acts as the magicians Penn & Teller and The Flying Karamazov Brothers juggling troupe, and it currently hosts acts such as Zilch the Torysteller, Twig the Fairy, Puke and Snot, Johnny Phoenix, The Tortuga Twins, The Danger Committee and Vilification Tennis. On August 19, 1975, Penn & Teller did their first show together at the Minnesota Renaissance Festival. Jason Mraz also worked as a pickle boy early in his performance career.",
"title": "Minnesota Renaissance Festival"
},
{
"docid": "236128#20",
"text": "In the 1970s, Renaissance defined their work with folk rock and classical fusions. Their songs include quotations from and allusions to such composers as Alain, Bach, Chopin, Debussy, Giazotto, Maurice Jarre, Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov, Prokofiev and Shostakovich. Renaissance records, especially \"Ashes Are Burning\", were frequently played on American progressive rock radio stations such as WNEW-FM, WHFS-FM, WMMR-FM, KSHE 95 and WVBR.",
"title": "Renaissance (band)"
},
{
"docid": "31792937#5",
"text": "The Ottonian Renaissance was a limited \"renaissance\" of economy and art in central and southern Europe that accompanied the reigns of the first three emperors of the Saxon Dynasty, all named Otto: Otto I (936–973), Otto II (973–983), and Otto III (983–1002), and which in large part depended upon their patronage. The Ottonian Renaissance began after Otto's marriage to Adelaide (951) united the kingdoms of Italy and Germany and thus brought the West closer to Byzantium and furthered the cause of Christian (political) unity with his imperial coronation in 963. The period is sometimes extended to cover the reign of Henry II as well, and, rarely, the Salian dynasts. The term is generally confined to Imperial court culture conducted in Latin in Germany. - it is sometimes also known as the Renaissance of the 10th century, so as to include developments outside Germania, or as the Year 1000 Renewal, due to coming right at the end of the 10th century. It was shorter than the preceding Carolingian Renaissance and to a large extent a continuation of it - this has led historians such as Pierre Riché to prefer evoking it as a 'third Carolingian renaissance', covering the 10th century and running over into the 11th century, with the 'first Carolingian renaissance' occurring during Charlemagne's own reign and the 'second Carolingian renaissance' happening under his successors.",
"title": "Medieval renaissances"
},
{
"docid": "9119159#7",
"text": "The first stage of the Harlem Renaissance started in the late 1910s. In 1917, the premiere of \"Three Plays for a Negro Theatre\" took place. These plays, written by white playwright Ridgely Torrence, featured African-American actors conveying complex human emotions and yearnings. They rejected the stereotypes of the blackface and minstrel show traditions. James Weldon Johnson in 1917 called the premieres of these plays \"the most important single event in the entire history of the Negro in the American Theater\". Another landmark came in 1919, when the poet Claude McKay published his militant sonnet, \"If We Must Die\", which introduced a dramatically political dimension to the themes of African cultural inheritance and modern urban experience featured in his 1917 poems \"Invocation\" and \"Harlem Dancer\" (published under the pseudonym Eli Edwards, these were his first appearance in print in the United States after immigrating from Jamaica). Although \"If We Must Die\" never alluded to race, African-American readers heard its note of defiance in the face of racism and the nationwide race riots and lynchings then taking place. By the end of the First World War, the fiction of James Weldon Johnson and the poetry of Claude McKay were describing the reality of contemporary African-American life in America.",
"title": "Harlem Renaissance"
}
] | [
0.09012794494628906,
0.4435831606388092,
-0.1251661479473114,
-0.015220429748296738,
0.0338880755007267,
-0.0663655623793602,
0.5620659589767456,
-0.2860107421875,
0.1077609583735466,
0.4211018979549408,
-0.2226426899433136,
-0.2040439248085022,
-0.2440456748008728,
0.3941243588924408,
-0.04700300469994545,
-0.2930365800857544,
0.4029405415058136,
0.3515082597732544,
-0.1562076210975647,
0.3812662661075592,
-0.2137722373008728,
0.5109592080116272,
0.0611131452023983,
-0.1703559011220932,
0.006508509162813425,
0.1445092111825943,
-0.4893392026424408,
0.2683376669883728,
0.1429511159658432,
0.4640570878982544,
0.5953233242034912,
-0.1600409597158432,
0.1319308876991272,
0.3462999165058136,
-0.1136440709233284,
0.4568142294883728,
-0.0797780379652977,
0.0933397114276886,
0.0249659214168787,
0.3383382260799408,
-0.1462537944316864,
-0.0745612233877182,
0.1739841103553772,
0.0934855118393898,
0.1933932900428772,
-0.28131186962127686,
0.2024468332529068,
-0.0517730712890625,
0.1014031320810318,
0.1628553569316864,
-0.3141140341758728,
-0.4869249165058136,
-0.0065981545485556126,
-0.2094997763633728,
-0.8230251669883728,
0.4002278745174408,
-0.1275770366191864,
0.7113173007965088,
-0.1631334125995636,
-0.0104539655148983,
0.0996008962392807,
0.12206777185201645,
0.2606879472732544,
0.0031229655724018812,
0.31660863757133484,
-0.0559912770986557,
0.1511874794960022,
0.3065727949142456,
0.2081570029258728,
0.01655154675245285,
-0.1045176163315773,
0.2026401162147522,
0.6617838740348816,
-0.4019910991191864,
-0.4140353798866272,
-0.410888671875,
0.1178504079580307,
0.4290229082107544,
0.2244330495595932,
-0.3403455913066864,
0.5262858271598816,
0.05604743957519531,
0.2426961213350296,
0.3542209267616272,
0.06154463067650795,
0.5333659052848816,
0.1753031462430954,
-0.012774997390806675,
0.0776689350605011,
0.4403482973575592,
-0.0556216761469841,
0.3182322084903717,
-0.1751844584941864,
-0.022653155028820038,
0.11419677734375,
0.4402126669883728,
0.3495144248008728,
-0.4619683027267456,
0.2181803435087204,
-0.4780002236366272,
0.040390439331531525,
-0.1434088796377182,
0.08604727685451508,
0.3479139506816864,
0.1660970002412796,
-0.3802625834941864,
-0.21600341796875,
0.116851806640625,
0.1846584677696228,
0.3935004472732544,
0.7917751669883728,
-0.1104651540517807,
0.3193359375,
-0.2480858713388443,
0.1053907573223114,
0.0843336284160614,
0.4898274838924408,
-0.2546251118183136,
-0.4920111894607544,
-0.9132487177848816,
0.4493543803691864,
0.2387254536151886,
-0.2208794504404068,
0.0604638010263443,
-0.2404242604970932,
-0.039735157042741776,
0.5965712070465088,
-0.2908528745174408,
0.4462348222732544,
0.4443223774433136,
-0.1330159455537796,
0.05032433569431305,
0.0327962227165699,
0.6785481572151184,
0.1541680246591568,
0.165130615234375,
-0.1324530690908432,
-0.2255588173866272,
-0.4027506411075592,
-0.1192338764667511,
-0.6127387285232544,
-0.183502197265625,
0.5844455361366272,
0.4241400957107544,
-0.02713521383702755,
0.0863918736577034,
-0.023660872131586075,
0.2124430388212204,
0.01180352084338665,
0.1420152485370636,
0.3846164345741272,
0.2061089426279068,
0.0810038223862648,
0.5539279580116272,
0.2592569887638092,
0.1700676828622818,
-0.0158047154545784,
0.0543009452521801,
-0.1351853460073471,
0.4023979902267456,
0.6671820878982544,
0.4679633378982544,
-0.1409471333026886,
0.1532236784696579,
0.1434800922870636,
-0.1424492746591568,
-0.4376085102558136,
0.17634159326553345,
0.5083550214767456,
-0.25048828125,
-0.510986328125,
-0.1466573029756546,
0.3755289614200592,
-0.2099473774433136,
0.014972263015806675,
0.1310594379901886,
-0.07896677404642105,
0.2582465410232544,
0.2205335795879364,
-0.2214084267616272,
0.2062038779258728,
0.0978223979473114,
-0.1067843958735466,
0.1046820729970932,
0.4407552182674408,
0.2080281525850296,
0.0573543980717659,
-0.315185546875,
-0.01595475897192955,
0.2097913920879364,
-0.0365736223757267,
0.1505822092294693,
0.5889078974723816,
-0.1083357036113739,
-0.07385677844285965,
0.1981743723154068,
0.0352325439453125,
0.2327304482460022,
-0.0492146797478199,
0.4420030415058136,
-0.0323927141726017,
-0.1024034321308136,
-0.6557074785232544,
0.08875402063131332,
0.3813612163066864,
-0.3397487998008728,
-0.3794623613357544,
0.3075423836708069,
-0.3173149824142456,
0.0327894426882267,
-0.08839734643697739,
0.1964246928691864,
0.2391425222158432,
0.2896050214767456,
-0.2995063066482544,
0.2100965678691864,
0.1051449254155159,
0.13263490796089172,
0.4233127236366272,
0.06813812255859375,
-0.11517122387886047,
0.3790418803691864,
-0.5168999433517456,
-0.3146837055683136,
-0.0029286278877407312,
-0.131647527217865,
-0.2120225727558136,
-0.10006078332662582,
0.2923583984375,
0.508056640625,
0.4318033754825592,
-0.1941019743680954,
-0.00592888705432415,
0.02325948141515255,
0.1257663369178772,
-0.04146292433142662,
0.5271538496017456,
-0.1870998740196228,
0.0282270647585392,
0.1429901123046875,
0.4169107973575592,
0.2798529863357544,
-0.3644477128982544,
0.06695716828107834,
0.3792860209941864,
-0.1290825754404068,
0.0681016743183136,
0.1297980397939682,
-0.2008327841758728,
-0.1196187362074852,
0.0924157053232193,
-0.3931206464767456,
-0.2175988107919693,
0.337890625,
-0.4020724892616272,
0.06194474920630455,
0.1586066335439682,
-0.2377048134803772,
-0.1278211772441864,
0.1767154335975647,
0.5387098789215088,
0.2156100869178772,
-0.0013957553310319781,
0.2481825053691864,
0.07256487011909485,
0.1258748322725296,
0.2590060830116272,
0.34765625,
0.08335918933153152,
0.5743544101715088,
0.4162055253982544,
0.1086324080824852,
0.2020399272441864,
0.2069837749004364,
-0.2443169504404068,
-0.0807766392827034,
-0.1630452424287796,
0.1181776225566864,
-0.3976779580116272,
0.3876817524433136,
0.1895717978477478,
-0.07985687255859375,
-0.2315945029258728,
0.3018934428691864,
0.3121066689491272,
0.40056195855140686,
-0.3212483823299408,
-0.02344428189098835,
0.1445109099149704,
0.0813869908452034,
0.1743231862783432,
0.4013400673866272,
0.0745747908949852,
-0.2519615888595581,
-0.0090484619140625,
0.04414961114525795,
0.16345447301864624,
0.02997928112745285,
0.2299126535654068,
-0.3217231035232544,
0.467041015625,
-0.4457736611366272,
0.1291232705116272,
0.0013792249374091625,
0.3265923261642456,
-0.2828911542892456,
-0.2371419221162796,
-0.090789794921875,
-0.1833563894033432,
0.1776190847158432,
0.5574679970741272,
-0.5105794072151184,
-0.006804784294217825,
0.1761949360370636,
0.3396267294883728,
0.3264838457107544,
0.3153754472732544,
-0.06228213757276535,
0.3899061381816864,
0.2260335236787796,
0.04676055908203125,
0.2315673828125,
-0.2048882395029068,
0.0680864155292511,
0.4822319746017456,
-0.3727484941482544,
0.10632705688476562,
-0.4947645366191864,
0.6079372763633728,
-0.07618459314107895,
0.7032741904258728,
0.3053860068321228,
0.1964043527841568,
-0.3419731855392456,
-0.1797688752412796,
0.3044162392616272,
-0.3795844316482544,
0.3572286069393158,
-0.1692759245634079,
-0.1910892128944397,
0.3543565571308136,
-0.2475450336933136,
0.2043474018573761,
0.2502983808517456,
0.00968339666724205,
0.0516323521733284,
-0.14836958050727844,
0.1690317839384079,
0.056955233216285706,
-0.0049413046799600124,
0.2817043662071228,
0.1111941859126091,
-0.2527720034122467,
0.0418938547372818,
0.1930202841758728,
0.409423828125,
-0.008915371261537075,
0.4267306923866272,
0.3580186665058136,
-0.2506374716758728,
0.1469862163066864,
0.2139078825712204,
0.6244574785232544,
-0.2353515625,
0.08492490649223328,
0.5134819746017456,
0.1886562705039978,
0.0732438862323761,
0.2162950336933136,
0.1913248747587204,
0.193359375,
0.1657680869102478,
-0.1328667551279068,
0.06107838824391365,
-0.523193359375,
-0.03148990124464035,
-0.363433837890625,
0.3390977680683136,
0.2614474892616272,
-0.13186900317668915,
0.4745822548866272,
0.5270182490348816,
0.3092447817325592,
-0.2403021901845932,
-0.5689561367034912,
-0.18243408203125,
-0.2578667402267456,
-0.07876226305961609,
0.15300920605659485,
-0.2509494423866272,
0.1643744558095932,
0.006686740554869175,
0.2647026777267456,
0.05176438391208649,
-0.4693467915058136,
-0.018830617889761925,
-0.0293765589594841,
0.4884168803691864,
0.2560763955116272,
-0.2872178852558136,
-0.2512613832950592,
0.3429090678691864,
0.3738471269607544,
0.2194010466337204,
4.235677242279053,
-0.0446455217897892,
0.3194308876991272,
-0.3496839702129364,
-0.1503702849149704,
0.0106353759765625,
0.4203287661075592,
-0.4588758647441864,
0.18059709668159485,
0.2646619975566864,
-0.3517795205116272,
-0.013743082992732525,
-0.03633308410644531,
-0.1921776682138443,
0.0237714983522892,
0.003990915138274431,
0.5204264521598816,
0.09048376977443695,
-0.1128709614276886,
0.0488705113530159,
-0.13758808374404907,
0.54443359375,
0.1391974538564682,
-0.16291554272174835,
0.2658284604549408,
-0.509033203125,
-0.1202223002910614,
0.3831651508808136,
0.5365668535232544,
0.1570366770029068,
0.5520833134651184,
-0.009037017822265625,
0.2407667338848114,
0.3408338725566864,
-0.7501627802848816,
0.1288333535194397,
0.6556532382965088,
0.5138075351715088,
0.2808023989200592,
0.2610134482383728,
-0.0378807932138443,
0.2293023020029068,
-0.2050713449716568,
0.3236762285232544,
0.7608506679534912,
-0.2024468332529068,
0.0033694372978061438,
0.5833876132965088,
-0.2563747763633728,
-0.2484198659658432,
0.3183932900428772,
-0.4608018696308136,
-0.1387159526348114,
-0.1267547607421875,
0.3051893413066864,
0.3929578959941864,
-0.05367957055568695,
0.6418728232383728,
0.1387837678194046,
-0.023773087188601494,
0.0911119282245636,
-0.4849446713924408,
0.4059041440486908,
-0.1360744833946228,
-0.3395453691482544,
-0.10879092663526535,
0.3632541298866272,
0.4701606035232544,
0.3059895932674408,
0.0394609235227108,
0.1784532368183136,
0.4806043803691864,
0.017865287140011787,
-0.244384765625,
-0.2345377653837204,
-0.3918728232383728,
-0.2943929135799408,
0.1186353862285614,
0.3177625834941864,
0.2595943808555603,
0.1728651225566864,
-0.02564324252307415,
0.1466742604970932,
0.0246768519282341,
0.0328114815056324,
0.5872938632965088,
-0.4130181074142456,
-0.2832166850566864,
0.4621853232383728,
0.1205376535654068,
0.1967637836933136,
0.10246234387159348,
0.2391628623008728,
0.2491048127412796,
0.5528700351715088,
0.4307996928691864,
-0.0584377720952034,
-4.011067867279053,
0.2413533478975296,
0.5130479335784912,
0.046234130859375,
0.0771857351064682,
-0.07514868676662445,
0.14618512988090515,
0.010965241119265556,
-0.3099772036075592,
0.1192796528339386,
0.0250108502805233,
0.2936604917049408,
-0.2710978090763092,
0.3309800922870636,
0.2222900390625,
0.16415998339653015,
0.3482259213924408,
-0.0235002301633358,
0.3002522885799408,
-0.1401841938495636,
0.1718343049287796,
-0.00765228271484375,
0.1665462851524353,
-0.4156358540058136,
0.7147895097732544,
-0.0682576522231102,
0.3755696713924408,
-0.0904168039560318,
0.19061279296875,
0.1573011577129364,
0.1562160849571228,
0.2234395295381546,
0.5437554121017456,
-0.3076036274433136,
0.3574354350566864,
0.2595960795879364,
0.0164786446839571,
0.04606321081519127,
0.3255615234375,
0.3290201723575592,
0.0712500661611557,
0.02787272073328495,
0.2730441689491272,
0.0830790176987648,
0.2964681088924408,
0.2837456464767456,
-0.2263929545879364,
0.1405605673789978,
0.1861233115196228,
-0.04226260632276535,
0.1822306364774704,
0.2586195170879364,
-0.0556369349360466,
-0.02417839877307415,
0.2569580078125,
0.1706475168466568,
-0.1485850065946579,
0.13579899072647095,
0.10107675939798355,
0.3437093198299408,
0.1661783903837204,
0.0638529434800148,
0.0432298444211483,
0.1214090958237648,
0.5468207597732544,
-0.5530869960784912,
-0.1282213032245636,
0.3656005859375,
0.2537027895450592,
-0.2011786550283432,
0.232177734375,
-0.2784966230392456,
-0.0660603865981102,
-0.3554145097732544,
0.0060721505433321,
-0.0956268310546875,
-0.1861165314912796,
-0.1373426616191864,
0.4469400942325592,
0.2788017988204956,
-0.10473717749118805,
0.5250651240348816,
-0.4002821147441864,
0.2332221120595932,
2.3551433086395264,
0.0635884627699852,
2.2047526836395264,
0.4941948652267456,
0.0418429896235466,
0.4087999165058136,
-0.4225667417049408,
0.2861192524433136,
-0.0016545190010219812,
-0.3302680253982544,
0.2573106586933136,
-0.1615566611289978,
0.0880025252699852,
-0.2091471403837204,
-0.3752305805683136,
-0.1502142995595932,
0.2029605507850647,
-0.9978569746017456,
0.12066353857517242,
-0.1582133024930954,
0.5820583701133728,
0.09161376953125,
-0.2638210654258728,
0.18601948022842407,
0.4864095151424408,
-0.0031060113105922937,
-0.0057203504256904125,
-0.009585910476744175,
0.1035597026348114,
-0.059908125549554825,
-0.0341118723154068,
-0.1553751677274704,
0.3381076455116272,
-0.0949673131108284,
-0.0411512590944767,
0.3528374433517456,
0.2741834819316864,
4.6953125,
0.1554836630821228,
-0.1647271066904068,
-0.1427578330039978,
0.3243815004825592,
0.2191433310508728,
0.6017795205116272,
0.1788228303194046,
0.0372551828622818,
0.0219251848757267,
0.1644049733877182,
0.4816623330116272,
0.0097520612180233,
-0.1685299277305603,
0.146148681640625,
0.2310791015625,
0.2569783627986908,
0.1899685263633728,
0.09065881371498108,
0.3108724057674408,
0.3033718466758728,
0.13484784960746765,
0.3323567807674408,
-0.0243394635617733,
-0.09779272973537445,
0.2911105751991272,
-0.1730075478553772,
-0.4721408486366272,
-0.1630350798368454,
0.07784610241651535,
0.251190185546875,
5.42881965637207,
0.1859944611787796,
0.0059564379043877125,
0.1422119140625,
-0.1801011860370636,
0.03264109417796135,
-0.08872633427381516,
0.3139919638633728,
-0.1124403178691864,
0.0553266741335392,
-0.04074859619140625,
-0.1305711567401886,
-0.11024957150220871,
0.4348686933517456,
0.4532063901424408,
0.8135308027267456,
-0.0532662607729435,
-0.3981255292892456,
0.3383382260799408,
-0.58154296875,
0.5288628339767456,
-0.03530798852443695,
0.23193359375,
-0.3636067807674408,
-0.19672054052352905,
0.47705078125,
-0.2861463725566864,
-0.0067613390274345875,
-0.2024264931678772,
-0.01932610385119915,
0.3425971269607544,
0.3856065571308136,
-0.1268107146024704,
0.2692464292049408,
-0.0708041712641716,
0.3276502788066864,
0.3345811665058136,
-0.012400309555232525,
0.11615753173828125,
-0.2011820524930954,
0.2045559287071228,
0.4828559160232544,
-0.2018364816904068,
-0.07842763513326645,
-0.3675672709941864,
0.06741968542337418,
-0.265380859375,
0.1679755300283432,
-0.029076894745230675,
-0.16192626953125,
0.229736328125,
-0.010947015136480331,
0.9900715947151184,
0.3606770932674408,
0.2493489533662796,
0.3504774272441864,
-0.0935346782207489,
-0.06014082208275795,
-0.1435716450214386,
-0.4392903745174408,
0.3693440854549408,
-0.0006031460361555219,
0.02322896383702755,
0.3843315839767456,
0.05241648480296135,
0.2466634064912796,
0.19940185546875,
-0.07864633947610855,
0.4766710102558136,
-0.1741604208946228,
-0.051667265594005585,
-0.0541822649538517,
-0.0075628492049872875,
0.5842013955116272,
0.05059814453125,
0.5415310263633728,
0.1908501535654068,
0.0319196917116642,
0.10276445001363754,
-0.0359208844602108,
0.02095455676317215,
-0.3854709267616272,
-0.22357177734375,
0.1890428364276886,
0.1069200336933136,
-0.0558742955327034,
-0.057158153504133224,
0.3512641191482544,
0.1226959228515625,
0.1616600900888443,
0.1563381552696228,
0.01734161376953125,
-0.0362447090446949,
0.36774104833602905,
0.0425330251455307,
0.7286784052848816,
0.3432888388633728,
0.1608411967754364,
0.3377753496170044,
0.1577623188495636,
-0.23296016454696655,
0.1660953164100647,
-0.039154052734375,
0.2193874716758728,
0.2453070729970932,
-0.2461751252412796,
-0.11686494946479797,
0.1578097939491272,
-0.12709935009479523,
-0.011627197265625,
0.3786892294883728,
0.2749294638633728,
0.2740478515625,
-0.061227161437273026,
-0.2141927033662796
] |
71 | What does GDP stand for? | [
{
"docid": "972079#3",
"text": "Most economists assess progress in people's welfare by comparing the gross domestic product over time—that is, by adding up the annual dollar value of all goods and services produced within a country over successive years. However, GDP was not intended to be used for such purpose. It is prone to productivism or consumerism, over-valuing production and consumption of goods, and not reflecting improvement in human well-being. It also does not distinguish between money spent for new production and money spent to repair negative outcomes from previous expenditure. For example, it would treat as equivalent one million dollars spent to build new homes and one million dollars spent in aid relief to those whose homes have been destroyed, despite these expenditures arguably not representing the same kind of progress. This is relevant for example when considering the true costs of development that destroys wetlands and hence exacerbate flood damages. Simon Kuznets, the inventor of the concept of GDP, noted in his first report to the US Congress in 1934:the welfare of a nation can scarcely be inferred from a measure of national income. If the GDP is up, why is America down? Distinctions must be kept in mind between quantity and quality of growth, between costs and returns, and between the short and long run. Goals for more growth should specify more growth of what and for what.",
"title": "Genuine progress indicator"
},
{
"docid": "510501#0",
"text": "Real gross domestic product (real GDP for short) is a macroeconomic measure of the value of economic output adjusted for price changes (i.e. inflation or deflation). This adjustment transforms the money-value measure, nominal GDP, into an index for quantity of total output. Although GDP is total output, it is primarily useful because it closely approximates the total spending: the sum of consumer spending, investment made by industry, excess of exports over imports, and government spending. Due to inflation, GDP increases and does not actually reflect the true growth in an economy. That is why the GDP must be divided by the inflation rate (raised to the power of units of time in which the rate is measured) to get the growth of the real GDP. Different organizations use different types of 'Real GDP' measures, for example the United Nations UNCTAD uses 2005 Constant prices and exchange rates while the FRED uses 2009 constant prices and exchange rates, and recently the World Bank switched from 2005 to 2010 constant prices and exchange rates.",
"title": "Real gross domestic product"
},
{
"docid": "380845#0",
"text": "Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, which are calculated at market or government official exchange rates. Nominal GDP does not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results can vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. Such fluctuations may change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference in the standard of living of its population.",
"title": "List of countries by GDP (nominal)"
},
{
"docid": "12594#0",
"text": "Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a period of time, often annually \nGDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) is arguably more useful when comparing differences in living standards between nations.",
"title": "Gross domestic product"
},
{
"docid": "8497211#10",
"text": "Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total dollar value of all goods an economy produces over a given time, usually expressed as a comparison to the previous quarter or year. If the year to year GDP is up 5 percent, then the economy has grown 5 percent. There are two approaches - the income approach (adding up all earnings over a year) and the expenditures approach (adding up what everyone spent). The income approach is described as the total employee compensation, gross profit for corporations and non-incorporated firms, and taxes minus subsidies. The expenditures method is more common and it specifically combines total consumption within households, and the total investment within a business. It also reveals how much money the government is spending and the balance of trade. Another factor by which is not promptly supportive are the youngsters who play a role within GDP. They clearly do not add to it and do not help the stock and bond market returns. Youngsters are wellsprings of advancement, entrepreneurial souls and play a major incentive to GDP.",
"title": "Income and fertility"
},
{
"docid": "717591#14",
"text": "Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of aggregate output. Nominal GDP in a particular period reflects prices which were current at the time, whereas real GDP compensates for inflation. Price indices and the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts are constructed from bundles of commodities and their respective prices. In the case of GDP, a suitable price index is the GDP price index. In the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, nominal GDP is called \"GDP in current dollars\" (that is, in prices current for each designated year), and real GDP is called \"GDP in [base-year] dollars\" (that is, in dollars that can purchase the same quantity of commodities as in the base year).",
"title": "Real versus nominal value (economics)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "12594#52",
"text": "GDP does not account for the distribution of income among the residents of a country, because GDP is merely an aggregate measure. An economy may be highly developed or growing rapidly, but also contain a wide gap between the rich and the poor in a society. These inequalities often occur on the lines of race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or other minority status within countries. This can lead to misleading characterizations of economic well-being if the income distribution is heavily skewed toward the high end, as the poorer residents will not directly benefit from the overall level of wealth and income generated in their country. Even GDP per capita measures may have the same downside if inequality is high. For example, South Africa during apartheid ranked high in terms of GDP per capita, but the benefits of this immense wealth and income were not shared equally among the country.",
"title": "Gross domestic product"
},
{
"docid": "8517939#1",
"text": "What \"H.A.M.M.E.R.\" stands for, if indeed it stands for anything at all, has not been revealed. In \"Dark Avengers\" #1, Osborn told Victoria Hand that it does stand for something, and when she asked what it stands for, he told her to \"get on that for him\". Also, in the \"\" Prelude, when Sin, who is captured by H.A.M.M.E.R, asks what it stands for, the agent present says that it's classified and she does not have a security clearance.",
"title": "H.A.M.M.E.R."
},
{
"docid": "14046416#2",
"text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.",
"title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "49691504#0",
"text": "ㅟ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅟ is U+315F.",
"title": "ㅟ"
}
] | [
0.4296875,
-0.07771778106689453,
0.12023162841796875,
0.1315765380859375,
0.157379150390625,
-0.12237262725830078,
0.319183349609375,
-0.297698974609375,
-0.149139404296875,
0.2427215576171875,
-0.354766845703125,
-0.08360481262207031,
-0.2003936767578125,
0.03890228271484375,
-0.17597007751464844,
0.294921875,
0.3487548828125,
-0.3651275634765625,
-0.3329925537109375,
0.16860198974609375,
0.1996612548828125,
0.50445556640625,
0.12342524528503418,
0.02260589599609375,
0.181884765625,
0.2403411865234375,
-0.2509002685546875,
0.31011962890625,
0.3263092041015625,
0.405517578125,
0.2633819580078125,
-0.13974761962890625,
-0.006118297576904297,
0.5543365478515625,
-0.471282958984375,
0.17246246337890625,
0.485931396484375,
-0.22388458251953125,
0.379150390625,
0.1931304931640625,
-0.14165496826171875,
-0.08226394653320312,
0.13625431060791016,
-0.04983711242675781,
0.61712646484375,
-0.2464752197265625,
-0.010509490966796875,
0.03995323181152344,
-0.07938671112060547,
0.07435226440429688,
-0.2968902587890625,
0.2902984619140625,
-0.1253814697265625,
-0.06391596794128418,
-0.517791748046875,
0.677978515625,
-0.05469715595245361,
0.7691650390625,
-0.016785621643066406,
-0.2652435302734375,
0.2365264892578125,
0.07613372802734375,
-0.1630706787109375,
0.14382171630859375,
0.045810699462890625,
0.14505767822265625,
-0.06881332397460938,
0.3104400634765625,
0.269134521484375,
-0.07623672485351562,
0.04644012451171875,
0.463531494140625,
0.503265380859375,
0.20945358276367188,
-0.18585205078125,
0.014980316162109375,
-0.34527587890625,
0.12255096435546875,
0.48223876953125,
-0.1377105712890625,
-0.09731197357177734,
-0.020081520080566406,
-0.06644439697265625,
0.1532745361328125,
-0.343658447265625,
0.364013671875,
0.12280483543872833,
0.19061660766601562,
-0.013181686401367188,
0.71014404296875,
-0.217529296875,
-0.03952980041503906,
-0.05274486541748047,
0.06689643859863281,
0.07013797760009766,
0.31268310546875,
0.353302001953125,
-0.2276477813720703,
-0.02388542890548706,
0.06480979919433594,
0.16555023193359375,
-0.20526123046875,
-0.19917678833007812,
0.13892364501953125,
0.475189208984375,
-0.244873046875,
-0.3201751708984375,
0.23462677001953125,
0.18665456771850586,
0.2863311767578125,
0.281646728515625,
-0.22626304626464844,
-0.362701416015625,
-0.210296630859375,
0.18272781372070312,
0.03841590881347656,
0.1550922393798828,
-0.2687225341796875,
-0.24987411499023438,
-0.9068603515625,
-0.12625789642333984,
-0.05736541748046875,
-0.193695068359375,
-0.421875,
0.0695037841796875,
0.0831272304058075,
0.480560302734375,
-0.09546279907226562,
0.66546630859375,
0.61761474609375,
0.399078369140625,
0.5806884765625,
0.31683349609375,
0.584716796875,
0.19353485107421875,
0.13382816314697266,
0.4974365234375,
-0.11591720581054688,
-0.055884361267089844,
-0.29192352294921875,
-0.11902236938476562,
0.02649688720703125,
0.211700439453125,
0.510406494140625,
-0.14865875244140625,
0.05654716491699219,
0.08803749084472656,
0.39288330078125,
0.023322105407714844,
0.06302452087402344,
0.04623699188232422,
0.187042236328125,
0.012515068054199219,
0.57568359375,
-0.35992431640625,
0.577545166015625,
0.30657196044921875,
0.07126879692077637,
0.044747352600097656,
0.316802978515625,
0.662506103515625,
0.402587890625,
0.029937744140625,
-0.0008172988891601562,
0.38619232177734375,
0.08793067932128906,
0.2862701416015625,
0.16677093505859375,
0.58184814453125,
-0.195709228515625,
-0.12670135498046875,
0.043628692626953125,
0.15194034576416016,
-0.35113525390625,
0.10034561157226562,
0.10909652709960938,
-0.15236663818359375,
-0.258544921875,
0.436798095703125,
0.314727783203125,
0.2634735107421875,
0.1927642822265625,
0.2606964111328125,
0.11817550659179688,
0.43939208984375,
-0.08326011896133423,
0.520904541015625,
-0.06552433967590332,
-0.1964263916015625,
0.08055305480957031,
0.09884834289550781,
0.3512115478515625,
0.59442138671875,
-0.482147216796875,
0.4833984375,
0.259124755859375,
-0.2525606155395508,
0.52850341796875,
-0.00012505054473876953,
0.3082122802734375,
-0.298065185546875,
0.263336181640625,
-0.3033447265625,
0.2066497802734375,
0.05184745788574219,
-0.460784912109375,
-0.010791778564453125,
-0.3244171142578125,
-0.218963623046875,
-0.09986019134521484,
0.05032634735107422,
-0.01323556900024414,
0.09112882614135742,
0.2709503173828125,
-0.16272735595703125,
0.345703125,
0.0472564697265625,
-0.006880760192871094,
0.34033203125,
0.43658447265625,
-0.2042236328125,
0.44427490234375,
-0.3387298583984375,
-0.54010009765625,
0.02560901641845703,
-0.013438701629638672,
-0.208251953125,
-0.265045166015625,
0.14366912841796875,
0.475494384765625,
0.22088623046875,
0.08289241790771484,
0.09012985229492188,
-0.11859130859375,
0.2127838134765625,
0.245330810546875,
-0.2679595947265625,
-0.1614532470703125,
0.07918167114257812,
-0.14875555038452148,
0.550689697265625,
0.307891845703125,
-0.13422393798828125,
-0.08676910400390625,
0.487701416015625,
-0.547821044921875,
0.224700927734375,
0.7200927734375,
-0.110687255859375,
-0.11703872680664062,
0.06398582458496094,
0.15262603759765625,
-0.020877838134765625,
0.21044158935546875,
-0.18172073364257812,
-0.016239166259765625,
0.07234621047973633,
-0.19364356994628906,
0.18935775756835938,
0.19336700439453125,
0.415252685546875,
0.28174591064453125,
0.36004638671875,
0.1739349365234375,
0.08990097045898438,
-0.10695838928222656,
0.2827301025390625,
0.354278564453125,
0.009456634521484375,
0.2623443603515625,
0.2001495361328125,
-0.01947021484375,
0.2449798583984375,
0.24616241455078125,
-0.156829833984375,
0.025623321533203125,
0.2056446075439453,
0.3113861083984375,
-0.2892608642578125,
0.1054067611694336,
0.41357421875,
-0.0987548828125,
-0.363555908203125,
-0.3518829345703125,
-0.09004974365234375,
0.13470458984375,
0.386749267578125,
-0.18889617919921875,
-0.22418212890625,
-0.25836181640625,
0.18691253662109375,
0.5855712890625,
-0.06133413314819336,
-0.43853759765625,
0.04810142517089844,
-0.1195220947265625,
-0.060317039489746094,
0.01792144775390625,
0.3406982421875,
-0.054976463317871094,
0.87451171875,
-0.335601806640625,
0.11168670654296875,
0.511962890625,
-0.11598968505859375,
-0.367218017578125,
0.16170501708984375,
-0.1400003433227539,
0.07717132568359375,
0.01688671112060547,
0.4799346923828125,
-0.06024169921875,
-0.14225006103515625,
0.19571685791015625,
0.525909423828125,
0.536468505859375,
0.2005462646484375,
-0.3637542724609375,
0.428192138671875,
0.17972946166992188,
0.2044239044189453,
-0.05757796764373779,
-0.23504638671875,
0.011619672179222107,
0.2755584716796875,
-0.4959716796875,
-0.04810786247253418,
-0.26727294921875,
0.058771371841430664,
0.2767791748046875,
0.15202713012695312,
0.2523040771484375,
-0.29217529296875,
-0.09128189086914062,
-0.05450630187988281,
0.489349365234375,
-0.08334040641784668,
0.59344482421875,
0.18651843070983887,
0.015445232391357422,
0.07542800903320312,
0.29150390625,
-0.076324462890625,
0.274932861328125,
0.1435089111328125,
0.04203605651855469,
-0.44708251953125,
-0.242767333984375,
0.389190673828125,
-0.15764617919921875,
0.16720962524414062,
0.457122802734375,
-0.23992919921875,
-0.25714111328125,
0.24521636962890625,
0.2313690185546875,
0.21856689453125,
0.28668212890625,
0.15619659423828125,
-0.2796478271484375,
0.269775390625,
-0.0466461181640625,
0.1776885986328125,
0.012419819831848145,
0.1887664794921875,
0.17627716064453125,
0.162384033203125,
-0.09779739379882812,
0.27359771728515625,
-0.019269168376922607,
-0.11639785766601562,
-0.15851593017578125,
0.12436485290527344,
0.10715365409851074,
-0.012791037559509277,
-0.2300567626953125,
0.1486358642578125,
0.2963714599609375,
0.53411865234375,
0.173583984375,
0.25130462646484375,
0.467010498046875,
0.026647567749023438,
-0.04619884490966797,
0.258056640625,
0.06740808486938477,
-0.09680461883544922,
0.07433319091796875,
-0.133056640625,
-0.42462158203125,
0.16387939453125,
-0.17478179931640625,
-0.011265277862548828,
-0.1925668716430664,
-0.2931976318359375,
-0.026749372482299805,
-0.04169654846191406,
0.455474853515625,
0.14222335815429688,
-0.11176300048828125,
-0.35107421875,
0.4541015625,
0.14459991455078125,
0.27288818359375,
4.28955078125,
0.2317047119140625,
-0.08949470520019531,
0.09560871124267578,
0.09588241577148438,
0.02554798126220703,
0.17612457275390625,
-0.14604568481445312,
0.08322334289550781,
-0.16089630126953125,
-0.09553098678588867,
0.146636962890625,
-0.03095722198486328,
0.446929931640625,
-0.229400634765625,
0.11157798767089844,
-0.19274139404296875,
0.160980224609375,
0.341888427734375,
0.525848388671875,
-0.3189697265625,
0.20090484619140625,
0.33856201171875,
0.4650115966796875,
0.19969940185546875,
0.2956390380859375,
0.028723716735839844,
0.1238861083984375,
0.483734130859375,
0.3126640319824219,
0.6141357421875,
0.181365966796875,
0.2129974365234375,
-0.022800445556640625,
-0.423828125,
-0.013774871826171875,
0.392120361328125,
0.3194580078125,
-0.04900360107421875,
-0.1292705535888672,
-0.15850830078125,
0.03849983215332031,
0.594818115234375,
0.3117523193359375,
0.142578125,
0.1968994140625,
-0.06760025024414062,
0.326080322265625,
0.00408935546875,
0.1453094482421875,
0.08930540084838867,
-0.1833953857421875,
-0.2586669921875,
-0.1637725830078125,
0.480926513671875,
0.476654052734375,
0.04311656951904297,
0.2632293701171875,
-0.08416557312011719,
0.2966766357421875,
-0.22344207763671875,
-0.18597412109375,
0.05243110656738281,
-0.118927001953125,
-0.2863922119140625,
0.06512451171875,
0.15932083129882812,
0.23815536499023438,
-0.0982208251953125,
-0.39605712890625,
0.46490478515625,
0.255889892578125,
0.14582061767578125,
-0.18346405029296875,
0.222412109375,
0.052799224853515625,
-0.61090087890625,
-0.1331639289855957,
-0.261810302734375,
-0.04268836975097656,
0.11541366577148438,
-0.215087890625,
-0.03997182846069336,
0.291290283203125,
0.008081436157226562,
0.60797119140625,
-0.15924072265625,
-0.2107086181640625,
0.391876220703125,
-0.05118925869464874,
0.32745361328125,
-0.017983198165893555,
0.025824546813964844,
0.015891551971435547,
0.15847015380859375,
0.2749481201171875,
0.0933985710144043,
-4.01171875,
0.16065216064453125,
-0.10979652404785156,
-0.2679595947265625,
0.13550567626953125,
0.15959930419921875,
0.1136474609375,
0.47003173828125,
-0.32818603515625,
0.3962249755859375,
-0.16844093799591064,
-0.07094287872314453,
-0.409210205078125,
0.23748016357421875,
0.037189483642578125,
0.026086807250976562,
0.4427490234375,
0.286956787109375,
0.3675384521484375,
-0.1238565444946289,
0.442840576171875,
0.11998748779296875,
0.42120361328125,
-0.10100746154785156,
-0.08330965042114258,
0.38824462890625,
-0.09006786346435547,
-0.30419921875,
0.489410400390625,
-0.006205558776855469,
0.14968252182006836,
0.34112548828125,
0.10068511962890625,
-0.183807373046875,
0.230255126953125,
0.16753387451171875,
0.2961883544921875,
-0.04266345500946045,
0.07789993286132812,
0.435638427734375,
-0.19754981994628906,
0.012966156005859375,
0.56072998046875,
0.10084342956542969,
0.053142547607421875,
0.15354156494140625,
-0.1582794189453125,
0.21314239501953125,
-0.034252166748046875,
-0.3456878662109375,
0.56201171875,
0.136077880859375,
-0.2051544189453125,
0.00153350830078125,
0.463409423828125,
0.03341865539550781,
-0.11316108703613281,
-0.428955078125,
0.343231201171875,
0.1333770751953125,
0.21059036254882812,
-0.34429931640625,
0.25634765625,
0.07150077819824219,
0.36163330078125,
-0.2873077392578125,
-0.1673431396484375,
0.015508651733398438,
-0.05687236785888672,
-0.119415283203125,
0.036479949951171875,
0.20560073852539062,
0.2098388671875,
0.08941888809204102,
0.02747058868408203,
0.5516204833984375,
-0.22380828857421875,
-0.2526397705078125,
0.74835205078125,
0.4853515625,
0.11426544189453125,
-0.218170166015625,
-0.410247802734375,
0.2835540771484375,
2.602294921875,
0.522247314453125,
2.2445068359375,
0.11739540100097656,
-0.05690956115722656,
0.13611602783203125,
0.11981010437011719,
-0.039116621017456055,
-0.09162521362304688,
-0.06129646301269531,
-0.5107421875,
0.385467529296875,
-0.22988128662109375,
-0.08143424987792969,
0.13747787475585938,
-0.14440155029296875,
0.44488525390625,
-1.08251953125,
-0.03095388412475586,
-0.029882073402404785,
0.14569854736328125,
0.26476287841796875,
-0.053380727767944336,
0.517791748046875,
0.24076080322265625,
-0.09886550903320312,
0.3765869140625,
-0.1098785400390625,
0.02197551727294922,
-0.11771583557128906,
0.004418849945068359,
-0.1362934112548828,
0.0706024169921875,
0.11659431457519531,
0.26787567138671875,
0.10061264038085938,
0.01195216178894043,
4.73388671875,
-0.07614660263061523,
-0.007246494293212891,
-0.153564453125,
0.431549072265625,
0.2165546417236328,
0.3714599609375,
-0.15847015380859375,
0.022312164306640625,
0.1379718780517578,
0.429656982421875,
0.06647777557373047,
-0.054378509521484375,
-0.21601104736328125,
0.05391693115234375,
0.20733642578125,
0.30029296875,
0.17716217041015625,
0.22589111328125,
-0.19562530517578125,
0.21013641357421875,
0.19283294677734375,
0.3905029296875,
0.039794921875,
0.2835845947265625,
0.035980224609375,
0.14244842529296875,
0.09282588958740234,
-0.07918262481689453,
0.233978271484375,
0.10489177703857422,
5.4716796875,
0.3367919921875,
-0.027771949768066406,
-0.038013458251953125,
-0.12639808654785156,
0.2569732666015625,
-0.57257080078125,
-0.05294227600097656,
-0.2651214599609375,
-0.1396942138671875,
-0.26654052734375,
0.210113525390625,
-0.07417678833007812,
0.381622314453125,
-0.2666778564453125,
0.031398773193359375,
-0.08290386199951172,
-0.2043914794921875,
-0.08537769317626953,
-0.1997833251953125,
0.3887786865234375,
0.025443315505981445,
0.55810546875,
-0.13617706298828125,
0.0085906982421875,
-0.22263336181640625,
-0.06145215034484863,
0.18851089477539062,
-0.22493457794189453,
-0.01969623565673828,
0.19438934326171875,
0.2267608642578125,
-0.205810546875,
0.5478515625,
0.2368927001953125,
0.3122100830078125,
0.5281982421875,
0.14336395263671875,
0.39361572265625,
0.11238574981689453,
0.311798095703125,
0.559478759765625,
-0.35860443115234375,
0.1338367462158203,
0.07270240783691406,
-0.3022613525390625,
-0.218292236328125,
0.008408546447753906,
0.03552103042602539,
0.0811009407043457,
0.12293720245361328,
-0.002048492431640625,
0.9246826171875,
-0.17658233642578125,
-0.10485649108886719,
0.2172088623046875,
-0.13833510875701904,
-0.300201416015625,
0.03381013870239258,
-0.17962646484375,
0.5054931640625,
0.1815032958984375,
0.001354217529296875,
0.343963623046875,
0.467620849609375,
0.124725341796875,
0.1602001190185547,
-0.016794443130493164,
0.515838623046875,
-0.1683349609375,
-0.1602325439453125,
0.12572860717773438,
-0.07888317108154297,
0.43780517578125,
-0.03446197509765625,
-0.11597251892089844,
0.01670074462890625,
-0.3086395263671875,
-0.10373973846435547,
0.11144256591796875,
-0.2241058349609375,
-0.1905517578125,
-0.14853668212890625,
-0.28369140625,
-0.14849853515625,
0.11722564697265625,
-0.2592315673828125,
-0.017890214920043945,
0.530670166015625,
0.14202117919921875,
0.34100341796875,
0.2125244140625,
0.07137680053710938,
0.3423919677734375,
0.10490798950195312,
0.3065948486328125,
-0.028261899948120117,
0.044541358947753906,
0.050502777099609375,
0.24309539794921875,
-0.009258270263671875,
0.34246826171875,
0.445098876953125,
0.2439117431640625,
0.2145843505859375,
-0.35992431640625,
0.15048694610595703,
0.036359310150146484,
0.34639739990234375,
-0.10714638233184814,
0.44610595703125,
0.31854248046875,
-0.10421967506408691,
0.08664512634277344,
0.016159772872924805
] |
72 | What is the most abundant fish species in the Indian ocean? | [
{
"docid": "10451769#1",
"text": "The abundant sea harvest of the Indian Ocean around the Atolls of the Maldives and, Lakshadweep in India yields many pelagic fishes, like skipjack, yellowfin tuna, little tunny (known locally as laṭṭi) and frigate mackerel. All these fishes have been traditionally processed on the Maldive Islands as a main source of food as well as income for Maldivians.",
"title": "Maldive fish"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "4699587#4",
"text": "Fish are abundant in most bodies of water. They can be found in nearly all aquatic environments, from high mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon) to the abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans (e.g., gulpers and anglerfish), although no species has yet been documented in the deepest 25% of the ocean. With 33,600 described species, fish exhibit greater species diversity than any other group of vertebrates.",
"title": "Fish"
},
{
"docid": "207888#0",
"text": "Atlantic herring (\"Clupea harengus\") is a herring in the family Clupeidae. It is one of the most abundant fish species in the world. Atlantic herrings can be found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, congregating in large schools. They can grow up to in length and weigh up to . They feed on copepods, krill and small fish, while their natural predators are seals, whales, cod and other larger fish.",
"title": "Atlantic herring"
},
{
"docid": "3205072#13",
"text": "About 510 (23%) of the 2,200 fin fish species in Indian waters are found in the Gulf, making it the most highly diverse fish habitat in India. Coral associated ornamental fishes belonging to the family Chaetodontidae, (butterfly fish); Parrotfish; Amphiprion spp (clown fish), Holocentrus spp (squirrel fish), Scarus spp (parrot fish), Lutjanus spp (snappers) and Abudefduf saxatilis (sergeant Major) are abundant.",
"title": "Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park"
},
{
"docid": "45207848#2",
"text": "Found in the Pacific Ocean from Japan and Baja California to the Bering Sea, it is the most common species of lanternfish in the northwestern Pacific, and one of the most abundant larval fish in the California Current. Like all lanternfish, this is a deep sea species; it spends the day in the ocean's deeper bathypelagic and mesopelagic zones and ascends to or near the ocean's surface during the night. It is a cool-water fish.",
"title": "Northern lampfish"
},
{
"docid": "14580#16",
"text": "Among the tropical oceans, the western Indian Ocean hosts one of the largest concentration of phytoplankton blooms in summer, due to the strong monsoon winds. The monsoonal wind forcing leads to a strong coastal and open ocean upwelling, which introduces nutrients into the upper zones where sufficient light is available for photosynthesis and phytoplankton production. These phytoplankton blooms support the marine ecosystem, as the base of the marine food web, and eventually the larger fish species. The Indian Ocean accounts for the second largest share of the most economically valuable tuna catch. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna.",
"title": "Indian Ocean"
},
{
"docid": "14672359#0",
"text": "The marine waters of the Houtman Abrolhos, an island chain off the coast of Western Australia, are unusual in containing a mix of tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate fish species. This mix is largely due to the Leeuwin Current, which brings warm tropical water to the Houtman Abrolhos, especially in winter. Tropical species are the most abundant, eleven of the sixteen most abundant species being tropical fishes. However, there are also a large number of tropical species with populations so small that they are thought not to maintain populations be breeding at the Houtman Abrolhos.",
"title": "List of fishes of the Houtman Abrolhos"
},
{
"docid": "29171632#53",
"text": "\"Phytoplankton are eaten by zooplankton - small animals which, like phytoplankton, drift in the ocean currents. The most abundant zooplankton species are copepods and krill: tiny crustaceans that are the most numerous animals on Earth. Other types of zooplankton include jelly fish and the larvae of fish, marine worms, starfish, and other marine organisms\". In turn, the zooplankton are eaten by filter-feeding animals, including some seabirds, small forage fish like herrings and sardines, whale sharks, manta rays, and the largest animal in the world, the blue whale. Yet again, moving up the foodchain, the small forage fish are in turn eaten by larger predators, such as tuna, marlin, sharks, large squid, seabirds, dolphins, and toothed whales.",
"title": "Marine habitats"
},
{
"docid": "5489#68",
"text": "There are many species of small birds, but most of the larger common Latin American types are absent. Few freshwater fish are native, but North American trout have been successfully introduced into the Andean lakes. Owing to the vicinity of the Humboldt Current, ocean waters abound with fish and other forms of marine life, which in turn support a rich variety of waterfowl, including several penguins. Whales are abundant, and some six species of seals are found in the area.",
"title": "Chile"
},
{
"docid": "108111#28",
"text": "The Pillar Point Harbor at the northern edge of Half Moon Bay offers a protected landing for boats and provides other marine infrastructure. In the late 1980s a new master plan was developed for the Harbor. A variety of fish species have been identified in the harbor area. The most abundant fish include flatfish, particularly the speckled sanddab (Citharichthys stigmaeus) and the commercially important English sole (Parophrys vetulus), several species of rockfish (Sebastes sp.) with boccacio (S. paucispinis) most abundant, many members of the surfperch family, the most abundant being shiner (Cymanogaster aggregata) and dwarf surfperches (Micrometrus minimus), and the commercially important Pacific herring (Clupea harengus). Smaller populations of many other species, including significant commercial or sport species such as various surfperch, flatfish including halibut (Paralichthys californicus), lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus), and cabezon (Scoraenichthys marmotarus) also are found in the harbor during the summer. Abundant winter species include starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) and topsmelt (Atherinops affinis). At Pillar Point Harbor, fishermen sell crab and fish catches straight off their boats at discount prices directly to the public, and restaurants will fillet the fish for purchasers.",
"title": "Half Moon Bay, California"
}
] | [
0.4467250406742096,
0.6033412218093872,
0.05372428894042969,
0.197052001953125,
-0.14458666741847992,
0.1684766560792923,
0.3851841390132904,
-0.2867540717124939,
0.3167261481285095,
0.5072196125984192,
-0.3539080023765564,
-0.2400861531496048,
-0.1549944132566452,
-0.0897652730345726,
-0.296142578125,
0.3004412055015564,
0.1943751722574234,
0.5449742078781128,
-0.1719752699136734,
0.0310810636729002,
-0.09079306572675705,
0.5324358344078064,
0.20363399386405945,
-0.20041002333164215,
-0.2600925862789154,
-0.01758977398276329,
-0.16064453125,
-0.004913738928735256,
-0.15331213176250458,
0.14478683471679688,
0.13816997408866882,
-0.274658203125,
-0.13012750446796417,
0.5829903483390808,
-0.3845040500164032,
0.1609584242105484,
-0.0738525390625,
-0.5048479437828064,
0.45058658719062805,
0.2741737365722656,
-0.1735796183347702,
0.11961371451616287,
0.1092703714966774,
-0.1487666517496109,
0.2715737521648407,
-0.2798810601234436,
-0.17607879638671875,
0.2801034152507782,
0.09753363579511642,
-0.13079507648944855,
-0.3048793375492096,
0.3125545084476471,
-0.03384072333574295,
-0.14010412991046906,
-0.0933096781373024,
0.2851998507976532,
-0.19146728515625,
0.8030831217765808,
0.0451202392578125,
-0.037832193076610565,
0.300811767578125,
0.2079228013753891,
-0.1223122701048851,
-0.0375257208943367,
0.2121821790933609,
0.3424246609210968,
0.1360451877117157,
0.2236739546060562,
0.11099175363779068,
0.3994489312171936,
0.23893192410469055,
0.3872593343257904,
0.5217459797859192,
0.2065713107585907,
-0.1517573744058609,
-0.2210257351398468,
-0.026873452588915825,
0.5661272406578064,
0.3380126953125,
0.05157729610800743,
0.3132193386554718,
-0.09581729024648666,
-0.3208966851234436,
0.11635235697031021,
-0.2347804456949234,
0.6755719780921936,
0.033138684928417206,
0.3097425103187561,
0.008916718885302544,
0.7257952094078064,
-0.3273097574710846,
-0.1180943101644516,
0.14475686848163605,
0.04501887783408165,
-0.13349021971225739,
0.3017403781414032,
0.0851898193359375,
0.13482284545898438,
0.040437016636133194,
0.3567853569984436,
0.1057804673910141,
-0.0866263285279274,
0.04354531317949295,
0.382049560546875,
0.14223043620586395,
-0.3720703125,
-0.3928396999835968,
0.2002476304769516,
0.3769008219242096,
0.2534877359867096,
0.0385262630879879,
-0.09171915054321289,
0.039687566459178925,
-0.2489449679851532,
0.7330845594406128,
0.2069527804851532,
-0.0632847398519516,
0.1836199015378952,
-0.27706581354141235,
-0.7140415906906128,
0.4980817437171936,
0.0728781595826149,
-0.2217145711183548,
0.0999537855386734,
0.152587890625,
0.14203011989593506,
0.5892159342765808,
0.0718361958861351,
0.6659284234046936,
0.3203561007976532,
0.23543930053710938,
-0.00799397099763155,
0.2246050089597702,
0.4769112765789032,
0.2365678995847702,
-0.04036494717001915,
0.3992222249507904,
0.0894012451171875,
0.028400421142578125,
-0.3470458984375,
-0.06933457404375076,
-0.15342657268047333,
0.3491428792476654,
0.5691179633140564,
-0.2740478515625,
0.2579171359539032,
0.1170937642455101,
0.3803362250328064,
0.0684465691447258,
0.0388575978577137,
-0.1103428453207016,
0.4206954538822174,
-0.2320556640625,
0.4700579047203064,
-0.0762067511677742,
0.12985065579414368,
0.731689453125,
-0.2384817898273468,
0.0997750386595726,
-0.2471967488527298,
0.7147740125656128,
0.3024728000164032,
0.058192115277051926,
-0.5470668077468872,
0.1578085720539093,
0.2040928453207016,
0.04184532165527344,
0.3190525472164154,
0.4620884358882904,
0.2034258097410202,
0.02851608768105507,
0.05407783016562462,
0.01726365089416504,
-0.10439518839120865,
0.12775203585624695,
0.1915108859539032,
-0.048385076224803925,
0.15484619140625,
0.13265445828437805,
-0.2861066460609436,
-0.06960760056972504,
0.42333984375,
-0.023476192727684975,
0.1223624125123024,
0.6690673828125,
0.1949964314699173,
0.11165400594472885,
0.4329746663570404,
-0.12034116685390472,
0.0979263111948967,
0.1967206746339798,
0.0323115773499012,
0.5891810655593872,
-0.029866354539990425,
-0.21966552734375,
0.39288330078125,
-0.00030612945556640625,
-0.13848876953125,
-0.01172746904194355,
0.0859004408121109,
0.0562678761780262,
0.021382467821240425,
-0.3702305257320404,
-0.10283497720956802,
0.3347429633140564,
-0.6197858452796936,
-0.0017384120728820562,
0.22463662922382355,
-0.08919743448495865,
0.021123478189110756,
-0.1871621310710907,
0.1997593492269516,
-0.1558772474527359,
-0.1670551300048828,
-0.2720380425453186,
-0.0185666773468256,
-0.0561414435505867,
0.2843715250492096,
0.4823782742023468,
-0.0676095113158226,
-0.1802498996257782,
0.2927158772945404,
-0.036396026611328125,
0.1283089816570282,
-0.02993011474609375,
-0.1350969523191452,
-0.16369016468524933,
-0.3974871039390564,
-0.0006197520415298641,
0.3476213812828064,
0.2739345133304596,
0.068115234375,
0.010457174852490425,
-0.03524601459503174,
0.5757533311843872,
0.5432826280593872,
-0.14150823652744293,
0.2104862779378891,
-0.07101386040449142,
0.1337541788816452,
0.3414480984210968,
0.31696176528930664,
-0.3985770046710968,
0.13362666964530945,
0.4776436984539032,
-0.12191881239414215,
0.3701259195804596,
0.10393115133047104,
-0.0555921271443367,
0.4031633734703064,
0.07078661024570465,
0.01219340693205595,
-0.10202210396528244,
0.3794991672039032,
-0.3575003445148468,
0.033513206988573074,
-0.032257080078125,
-0.3427211344242096,
-0.0514482781291008,
-0.1267351359128952,
-0.04373931884765625,
0.08957181870937347,
0.28021240234375,
0.1641932874917984,
-0.1121455579996109,
-0.1712472140789032,
-0.018402099609375,
0.4682791531085968,
0.01328986044973135,
0.0775495246052742,
0.2637656033039093,
0.04051794484257698,
0.2116851806640625,
0.3994402289390564,
-0.051964350044727325,
-0.2147870808839798,
0.031671661883592606,
-0.3254874050617218,
-0.2098497599363327,
0.39025169610977173,
0.025979449972510338,
-0.15709686279296875,
0.06058365851640701,
-0.2450953871011734,
-0.1990291029214859,
-0.3838064968585968,
0.16534750163555145,
-0.012235292233526707,
-0.3433663547039032,
-0.042451340705156326,
0.12081118673086166,
0.5093994140625,
-0.07509367913007736,
-0.17976488173007965,
0.1888994425535202,
0.2525067925453186,
0.1774313747882843,
0.05132266506552696,
0.3925258219242096,
-0.26861080527305603,
0.8065708875656128,
-0.10946328192949295,
0.4991280734539032,
0.5782645344734192,
-0.08539581298828125,
-0.1590052992105484,
-0.4370901882648468,
-0.1724068820476532,
0.1448061466217041,
0.023016521707177162,
0.4424961507320404,
-0.2621503472328186,
0.021977970376610756,
0.2996128499507904,
-0.1138371080160141,
0.1005445197224617,
0.06025368720293045,
-0.0811571404337883,
0.614990234375,
0.2777448296546936,
-0.2336251437664032,
0.1992994099855423,
-0.2691737711429596,
0.14094053208827972,
0.3834926187992096,
-0.241790771484375,
0.2745361328125,
-0.4419468343257904,
0.5343540906906128,
-0.13705989718437195,
0.15301023423671722,
0.2407422810792923,
-0.2741023600101471,
-0.027305057272315025,
0.2775748074054718,
0.16421182453632355,
-0.13007137179374695,
0.5110560655593872,
0.03321307152509689,
0.1329825222492218,
0.14314106106758118,
0.1015734001994133,
-0.2729753851890564,
0.4380580484867096,
-0.04204913601279259,
0.32415771484375,
-0.059523992240428925,
-0.09262166917324066,
0.6822858452796936,
-0.07177189737558365,
0.2664402425289154,
0.08935873955488205,
-0.13013240694999695,
0.3038286566734314,
0.3974435031414032,
0.12417711317539215,
0.3467668890953064,
-0.1437748521566391,
0.4794921875,
-0.2043142318725586,
0.3961617648601532,
0.3453892171382904,
0.39501953125,
0.1621922105550766,
0.3585030734539032,
0.3675101101398468,
-0.1384495347738266,
0.1210588738322258,
-0.0726722851395607,
-0.021684715524315834,
0.3920309841632843,
-0.2505318820476532,
-0.048639025539159775,
0.024626867845654488,
-0.2305646687746048,
-0.1367710679769516,
0.16799817979335785,
0.08189065009355545,
0.4642682671546936,
-0.21383298933506012,
0.07572773844003677,
0.4078805148601532,
-0.1189836785197258,
-0.004622220993041992,
0.1984318345785141,
-0.017824718728661537,
0.09320831298828125,
-0.06806346029043198,
0.05143219977617264,
-0.16487447917461395,
0.2898036539554596,
-0.07808249443769455,
-0.00816093198955059,
-0.21807861328125,
-0.4002685546875,
0.2516828179359436,
-0.2770603597164154,
0.3388737142086029,
0.2734200656414032,
0.10107748955488205,
-0.009876660071313381,
-0.13263607025146484,
0.2158639132976532,
-0.1273563951253891,
4.068917274475098,
-0.142333984375,
0.15624618530273438,
0.042245011776685715,
-0.0431278757750988,
0.7710658311843872,
0.7842145562171936,
-0.16022655367851257,
0.3709455132484436,
0.0684487447142601,
-0.2863202691078186,
0.4856131374835968,
0.1769954115152359,
-0.0716465562582016,
0.1394587904214859,
0.258880615234375,
0.7275390625,
-0.1468462198972702,
0.03610774502158165,
0.2374965101480484,
-0.2291935533285141,
-0.07026208937168121,
-0.04970121383666992,
-0.3186907172203064,
0.2582767903804779,
0.035768236964941025,
0.21055248379707336,
0.0385393425822258,
0.15451540052890778,
0.273223876953125,
0.4102085530757904,
0.2295183390378952,
0.16441400349140167,
0.06177302822470665,
-0.685791015625,
0.5365513563156128,
0.2935267984867096,
0.4491489827632904,
-0.04658549278974533,
0.02914605848491192,
-0.3973214328289032,
0.3789934515953064,
0.5110211968421936,
0.1733442097902298,
0.35577392578125,
-0.07457133382558823,
-0.1488821804523468,
0.4347970187664032,
0.1448974609375,
0.5022844672203064,
-0.2284633070230484,
-0.06453050673007965,
-0.2139151394367218,
-0.25072479248046875,
0.4159633219242096,
0.4967041015625,
0.1810389906167984,
0.2848379909992218,
0.07656533271074295,
0.011444227769970894,
0.2734375,
-0.09619604051113129,
0.1934596449136734,
0.1672929972410202,
-0.4275381863117218,
-0.1600210964679718,
0.2911376953125,
0.2531360983848572,
0.1053139790892601,
-0.0641588494181633,
0.3857857882976532,
0.3083583414554596,
0.3093152642250061,
-0.0048348563723266125,
0.1773943156003952,
0.1789441853761673,
-0.6243547797203064,
0.2721470296382904,
0.08729226142168045,
-0.1462816447019577,
-0.09023339301347733,
0.0933990478515625,
0.08888734877109528,
0.2865469753742218,
0.1087472066283226,
0.4992850124835968,
-0.1983163058757782,
-0.2650582492351532,
0.6023821234703064,
-0.07443564385175705,
0.5268031358718872,
-0.353088915348053,
0.3594622015953064,
0.4685756266117096,
0.012432916089892387,
-0.015522547997534275,
-0.037021636962890625,
-3.9847934246063232,
-0.010079247877001762,
0.18880245089530945,
-0.1368059366941452,
0.31671142578125,
-0.04027557373046875,
0.14049312472343445,
0.043642859905958176,
-0.6427176594734192,
0.4004952609539032,
-0.4208897054195404,
0.3954206109046936,
-0.2329450398683548,
0.4416155219078064,
0.2786516547203064,
-0.10014806687831879,
0.0466199591755867,
0.25201416015625,
0.0967276468873024,
0.022184643894433975,
-0.0301949642598629,
0.3604474663734436,
-0.049966540187597275,
-0.2816859781742096,
0.0311006810516119,
-0.0029918125364929438,
-0.10133988410234451,
-0.3191005289554596,
0.2765154242515564,
-0.2475346177816391,
0.10539381951093674,
0.10785702615976334,
0.5987025499343872,
-0.0598079152405262,
-0.048684801906347275,
0.16267013549804688,
0.6700788140296936,
-0.14690454304218292,
0.2916782796382904,
0.5164446234703064,
-0.2436872273683548,
-0.296783447265625,
0.16229248046875,
0.4526541531085968,
-0.1485682874917984,
0.01324462890625,
-0.3247593343257904,
0.1675240695476532,
-0.5329241156578064,
0.4784807562828064,
0.29412841796875,
0.3736572265625,
-0.2657645046710968,
-0.0783255472779274,
0.2395390123128891,
0.2811776101589203,
0.032671790570020676,
-0.14461080729961395,
0.5575648546218872,
-0.09443174302577972,
0.2621089518070221,
-0.0655091181397438,
0.2058759480714798,
-0.13896070420742035,
0.15341737866401672,
0.4142892062664032,
-0.13416017591953278,
0.3836233913898468,
-0.0451899953186512,
-0.4917471706867218,
-0.0837554931640625,
0.3955950140953064,
-0.0790318101644516,
0.5314505696296692,
0.1439012736082077,
-0.08039229363203049,
-0.08066940307617188,
-0.1253858357667923,
0.5420445203781128,
0.1337149441242218,
0.1376211941242218,
-0.38815197348594666,
-0.2304556667804718,
0.1136278435587883,
2.0804269313812256,
0.3941301703453064,
2.190639019012451,
-0.014649271965026855,
-0.2335575670003891,
0.3664986789226532,
-0.4782017171382904,
0.1490652859210968,
-0.05279213935136795,
-0.45831298828125,
0.3619537353515625,
0.6234828233718872,
-0.1523677259683609,
0.22774069011211395,
-0.3971295952796936,
-0.12685121595859528,
0.2281058132648468,
-0.9486607313156128,
0.0772029310464859,
-0.2419651597738266,
0.1798444539308548,
0.1281607449054718,
-0.1936078816652298,
0.1650957316160202,
-0.22523824870586395,
0.08769579976797104,
-0.3075125515460968,
0.164703369140625,
-0.2028874009847641,
-0.3727329671382904,
-0.1429617702960968,
0.3728725016117096,
0.11456941068172455,
0.008336612023413181,
-0.1917811781167984,
0.3477957546710968,
-0.26678356528282166,
4.783482074737549,
0.04128183797001839,
0.12226895242929459,
-0.0818045511841774,
-0.2086203396320343,
0.3701956570148468,
-0.0507354736328125,
-0.13122232258319855,
0.03630542755126953,
0.3449881374835968,
0.3021676242351532,
0.4468906819820404,
0.2154366672039032,
-0.0833173468708992,
0.2224339097738266,
0.5367606282234192,
0.2456490695476532,
0.06521497666835785,
-0.041492462158203125,
-0.07315553724765778,
0.5173514485359192,
0.0909886360168457,
0.4339425265789032,
-0.06273405998945236,
0.2622331976890564,
-0.05918918177485466,
0.2303597629070282,
0.4768938422203064,
-0.1342991441488266,
0.3600551187992096,
0.18973977863788605,
5.482979774475098,
0.0657544806599617,
0.4097726047039032,
-0.21983446180820465,
-0.1809953898191452,
0.2263619601726532,
-0.3641706109046936,
0.040696825832128525,
-0.6162109375,
-0.1612156480550766,
0.1403764933347702,
0.6344953179359436,
-0.2849469780921936,
0.6332484483718872,
-0.1778847873210907,
0.0714590921998024,
-0.2569972574710846,
-0.2507411539554596,
0.3347342312335968,
-0.2918439507484436,
0.7276436686515808,
-0.0833391472697258,
-0.2112993448972702,
-0.3284912109375,
-0.4328525960445404,
-0.3680550754070282,
-0.03292996436357498,
0.08489881455898285,
0.050127167254686356,
-0.1767054945230484,
0.3440726101398468,
0.3819580078125,
-0.2758641839027405,
0.6314697265625,
0.14506204426288605,
-0.11007799208164215,
-0.00933674443513155,
0.2318464070558548,
0.14666639268398285,
0.022560665383934975,
0.2139020711183548,
0.7071009874343872,
-0.2526354193687439,
-0.3421718180179596,
0.00010272434883518144,
-0.11234719306230545,
-0.18865802884101868,
0.1604984849691391,
0.1423841267824173,
0.043392181396484375,
0.3541957437992096,
0.022037506103515625,
0.8478655219078064,
-0.005954742431640625,
0.2512381374835968,
0.1911403089761734,
0.09490966796875,
0.07314593344926834,
0.1105128675699234,
-0.1109793558716774,
0.4710344672203064,
-0.008977549150586128,
-0.09026826918125153,
0.2592446506023407,
0.1131678968667984,
-0.165557861328125,
-0.0053084236569702625,
0.026135580614209175,
0.5026158094406128,
0.0795462504029274,
-0.1674172580242157,
0.4137485921382904,
0.3301260769367218,
0.6605224609375,
-0.07675082236528397,
0.2780805230140686,
0.4249441921710968,
-0.1936689168214798,
0.2906210720539093,
-0.2329014390707016,
0.027422497048974037,
-0.5487757921218872,
0.03339127078652382,
-0.062234606593847275,
-0.2226213663816452,
-0.3207261264324188,
-0.08757291734218597,
0.0810699462890625,
0.292022705078125,
0.1224801167845726,
0.3008510172367096,
-0.0560673289000988,
0.08196040242910385,
0.11532265692949295,
-0.2471139132976532,
-0.026915958151221275,
0.16951315104961395,
0.3377947211265564,
-0.02863638661801815,
0.3066422641277313,
-0.2060960978269577,
0.09360027313232422,
-0.0919886976480484,
-0.0272674560546875,
0.1282261461019516,
-0.0499659962952137,
0.11446598917245865,
0.2510114312171936,
0.2085244357585907,
-0.01086480263620615,
0.4874093234539032,
0.1678575724363327,
-0.17388153076171875,
-0.3028564453125,
-0.1404833048582077
] |
74 | What ethnicity are Chechens? | [
{
"docid": "31994535#53",
"text": "Two ethnic groups that were specifically targeted for persecution by Stalin's Soviet Union were the Chechens and the Ingush. Unlike the other nationalities that could be suspected of connection to foreign states which shared their ethnic background, the Chechens and the Ingush were completely indigenous people of the Soviet Union. Rather than being accused of collaboration with foreign enemies, these two ethnic groups were considered to have cultures which did not fit in with Soviet culture – such as accusing Chechens of being associated with “banditism” – and the authorities claimed that the Soviet Union had to intervene in order to “remake” and “reform” these cultures. In practice this meant heavily armed punitive operations carried out against Chechen “bandits” that failed to achieve forced assimilation, culminating in an ethnic cleansing operation in 1944, which involved the arrests and deportation of over 500,000 Chechens and Ingush from the Caucasus to Central Asia and Kazakhstan. The deportations of the Chechens and Ingush also involved the outright massacre of thousands of people, and severe conditions placed upon the deportees – they were put in unsealed train cars, with little to no food for a four-week journey during which many died from hunger and exhaustion.",
"title": "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism"
},
{
"docid": "622772#0",
"text": "Chechens (; '; Old Chechen: Нахчой \"Naxçoy\") are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples originating in the North Caucasus region of Eastern Europe. They refer to themselves as Vainakhs (which means \"our people\" in Chechen) or Nokhchiy (pronounced ; singular Nokhchi, Nakhchuo or Nakhtche). Chechen and Ingush peoples are collectively known as the Vainakh. The majority of Chechens today live in the Chechen Republic, a subdivision of the Russian Federation.",
"title": "Chechens"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "44237028#0",
"text": "The Chechen-Slav ethnic clashes took place from 1958 to 1965 in North Caucasus (part of the Soviet Union at the time), upon ethnic tensions between Slavic settlers and local Chechens and Ingushs. The violence began in 1958, upon a conflict between a Russian sailor and an Ingush youngster over a girl, in which the Russian was fatally injured. The incident quickly deteriorated into mass ethnic riots in Grozny and surroundings, as Slavic mobs attacked Chechens and Ingushs and looted property throughout the region for 4 days. Ethnic clashes continued through 1960s, and in 1965 some 16 clashes were reported, taking tall of 185 severe injuries, 19 of them fatal. By late 1960, the region calmed down and the Chechen-Russian conflict came to its lowest point until the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the eruption of Chechen Wars in 1990.",
"title": "Chechen–Slav ethnic clashes (1958–65)"
},
{
"docid": "57640314#0",
"text": "Chechen Kurds or Kurdified Chechens refer to the ethnic Chechens who went through a process of kurdification after fleeing to Kurdistan during and after the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 1860s. Today, these Chechens are being perceived as being ethnic Kurds of the \"Chechen tribe\" and \"Lezgî tribe\".",
"title": "Chechen Kurds"
},
{
"docid": "1903699#37",
"text": "There is also dispute that Chechens were antagonistic towards ethnic Russians and Cossacks because they were ethnic Russian (as opposed to because of their hostility to Chechen statehood) - there were two originally ethnic Russian Chechen teips, and the president's wife was Russian. The Chechen clan system protects individuals from theft and murder because the whole clan would become involved, and one can join a teip - thus, those who didn't join teips (like the Cossacks) would be subject to theft by the poor, etc.",
"title": "Terek Cossacks"
},
{
"docid": "536380#7",
"text": "In Chechnya, Mountain Jews partially assimilated into Chechen society by forming a Jewish teip, the Zhugtii while three other teips, the Shuonoi, Ziloi and Chartoi have also been theorized to have Jewish relations. In Chechen society, ethnic minorities residing in areas demographically dominated by Chechens have the option of forming a teip in order to properly participate in the developments of Chechen society such as making alliances and gaining representation in the \"Mekhk Khell\", a supreme ethnonational council that is occasionally compared to a parliament. Teips of minority-origin have also been made by ethnic Poles, Germans, Georgians, Kumyks, Russians, Kalmyks, Circassians, Andis, Avars, Dargins, Laks, Persians, Arabs, Ukrainians and Nogais, with the German teip having been formed as recently as the 1940s when Germans in Siberian exile living among Chechens assimilated.",
"title": "Mountain Jews"
},
{
"docid": "44237028#2",
"text": "The violence began in 1958 with the 1958 Grozny riots, starting as a conflict between a Russian sailor and an Ingush youngster over a girl (a fiancé of the Ingush youngster), in which the Russian was fatally injured. The incident quickly deteriorated into mass ethnic riots, as Slavic mobs attacked Chechens and Ingushs and looted property throughout the region for 4 days. Ethnic clashes continued through 1960s, and in 1965 some 16 clashes were reported, causing 185 severe injuries, 19 of them fatal. By late 1960, the region calmed down and the Chechen-Russian conflict came to its lowest point until the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the eruption of Chechen Wars in 1990.[a]. At least 20 cumulative deaths occurred during the period of the riots:",
"title": "Chechen–Slav ethnic clashes (1958–65)"
},
{
"docid": "140792#7",
"text": "From 1991 to 1994, tens of thousands of people of non-Chechen ethnicity left the republic amidst reports of violence and discrimination against the non-Chechen population (mostly Russians, Ukrainians and Armenians). Chechen industry began to fail as a result of many Russian engineers and workers leaving or being expelled from the republic combined with the Soviet era's crippling of the non-Russian/Armenian/Ukrainian populace (Chechens, some Ingush and Nogais, Jews) through Russian-only schooling, heavy discrimination in the public sector of the workforce, and other similar measures (even as late as 1989, Checheno-Ingushetia was ruled by a bureaucracy of ethnic Russians). During the undeclared Chechen civil war, factions both sympathetic and opposed to Dudayev fought for power, sometimes in pitched battles with the use of heavy weapons. In March 1992, the opposition attempted a coup d'état, but their attempt was crushed by force. A month later, Dudayev introduced direct presidential rule, and in June 1993, dissolved the Chechen parliament to avoid a referendum on a vote of non-confidence. In late October 1992, Russian forces dispatched to the zone of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict were ordered to move to the Chechen border; Dudayev, who perceived this as \"an act of aggression against the Chechen Republic\", declared a state of emergency and threatened general mobilization if the Russian troops did not withdraw from the Chechen border. To prevent the invasion of Chechnya, he did not provoke the Russian troops.\nAfter staging another \"coup d'état\" attempt in December 1993, the opposition organized themselves into the Provisional Council of the Chechen Republic as a potential alternative government for Chechnya, calling on Moscow for assistance. In August 1994, the coalition of the opposition factions based in north Chechnya launched a large-scale armed campaign to remove Dudayev's government.",
"title": "First Chechen War"
},
{
"docid": "411747#99",
"text": "In 1958 officially the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored by a decree direct from Moscow, but in previous 1936 borders. For example, South Ossetia kept the Prigorodny District, instead the republic was \"compensated\" with ethnic Russian territory on the left-bank Terek, Naursky district and Shelkovsky Districts. Shelkovsky (Moxne in Chechen) in fact had a Chechen heritage before the invasion of the Cossacks, and Naursky (called Hovran in Chechen) also had Chechens in its Eastern regions before the Russian invasion, though the bulk of Naursky may have been instead Kabardins. Nonetheless, the Russian populace (especially the Cossacks) had come, over the years, to view the lands as being theirs, as they had not been dominantly Chechen (or anything besides Cossack) for well over a century at the time of the return of the Chechens.",
"title": "History of Chechnya"
},
{
"docid": "332095#4",
"text": "Historically, if non-Chechen minorities living in Chechen lands wanted to take part in the political processes of the Chechen nation, and integrate into it, they would request admittance as an ethnic teip. They would continue, for a time, to speak their other languages, but also learned Chechen. Due to the encouragement of teip exogamy, as the generations passed, they would come to be heavily intermarried into the Chechen nation and as a result, be slowly Chechenized culturally and linguistically. The level of Chechenization varies between these foreign-origin teips, with some well-preserving their cultural traits and others not. They are nonetheless known as impure teips (not in a derogatory sense), for their foreign origin. Their loyalty to the nation is not any more in question than a Chechen-origin teip.",
"title": "Teip"
}
] | [
0.22757568955421448,
0.4381347596645355,
-0.07477722316980362,
0.3408447206020355,
-0.29571533203125,
0.07763671875,
0.2901611328125,
-0.4254394471645355,
0.2551635801792145,
0.04958953708410263,
-0.1331329345703125,
-0.4196533262729645,
-0.005772495176643133,
0.13653258979320526,
-0.5124267339706421,
0.05503082275390625,
0.33405762910842896,
0.3122924864292145,
-0.44682615995407104,
0.45087891817092896,
-0.13243408501148224,
0.3488525450229645,
0.06569824367761612,
0.18341979384422302,
0.02448711358010769,
-0.2558837831020355,
-0.046631909906864166,
0.26594847440719604,
0.37841796875,
0.25581055879592896,
0.3329315185546875,
-0.10854186862707138,
0.2547973692417145,
0.586499035358429,
-0.20929870009422302,
0.40351563692092896,
0.052230071276426315,
0.20830078423023224,
-0.01914367638528347,
-0.06591491401195526,
-0.22566528618335724,
0.219401553273201,
0.381561279296875,
0.07147274166345596,
0.09573058784008026,
-0.23335571587085724,
0.01469345111399889,
0.05888671800494194,
-0.2309722900390625,
0.3155761659145355,
-0.19002990424633026,
-0.048098374158144,
-0.01801757887005806,
-0.10335922241210938,
-0.48627930879592896,
0.4887939393520355,
-0.02334899827837944,
0.9634765386581421,
0.43861085176467896,
0.16423645615577698,
0.25310057401657104,
0.264852911233902,
-0.27418214082717896,
0.27788084745407104,
0.636914074420929,
0.3723388612270355,
0.09728240966796875,
0.2520385682582855,
0.32403564453125,
0.164825439453125,
-0.11740722507238388,
0.523632824420929,
0.877636730670929,
0.01701507531106472,
0.02547302283346653,
-0.33253175020217896,
0.15767517685890198,
0.25220948457717896,
0.058466337621212006,
0.06398029625415802,
0.40180665254592896,
0.10553588718175888,
0.15180054306983948,
0.10576057434082031,
-0.24346923828125,
0.512402355670929,
-0.23565673828125,
0.20627442002296448,
0.26835936307907104,
0.527636706829071,
0.10482940822839737,
-0.3495422303676605,
-0.21276549994945526,
-0.35051268339157104,
0.3357788026332855,
0.2066650390625,
-0.04827270656824112,
-0.3014892637729645,
-0.14843139052391052,
0.023908233270049095,
-0.04638709872961044,
-0.20029297471046448,
0.11271057277917862,
0.28375244140625,
0.17023316025733948,
-0.31427001953125,
0.22791747748851776,
0.14198455214500427,
0.2746826112270355,
0.4004882872104645,
0.4083496034145355,
-0.20805510878562927,
-0.002193450927734375,
0.42774659395217896,
0.3161377012729645,
0.3255615234375,
0.3319564759731293,
-0.029529381543397903,
-0.04017810896039009,
-0.6064208745956421,
0.2783142030239105,
0.2799011170864105,
-0.2711334228515625,
0.15091857314109802,
0.10898284614086151,
0.774658203125,
0.44147950410842896,
-0.19782714545726776,
0.47352296113967896,
0.34202879667282104,
0.06923370063304901,
0.333740234375,
0.4613281190395355,
0.4899658262729645,
0.7333008050918579,
0.22710570693016052,
0.23624268174171448,
-0.007267761044204235,
-0.05292358249425888,
-0.33006590604782104,
0.05216045305132866,
0.028493499383330345,
0.05243225023150444,
0.5648437738418579,
-0.13528136909008026,
0.4168701171875,
0.10221557319164276,
0.253854364156723,
0.1050342544913292,
0.241546630859375,
0.2130943238735199,
0.4310058653354645,
-0.05290842056274414,
0.01448822021484375,
-0.13449707627296448,
0.07985229790210724,
0.42084962129592896,
-0.20691528916358948,
-0.1280563324689865,
0.031140994280576706,
0.8564453125,
0.413818359375,
0.056696511805057526,
-0.11484985053539276,
-0.4733520448207855,
0.07705078274011612,
0.06076240539550781,
0.15363159775733948,
0.501269519329071,
-0.1389419585466385,
-0.30726319551467896,
-0.02845306321978569,
0.108367919921875,
-0.34587401151657104,
0.3504638671875,
-0.05539856106042862,
-0.060440827161073685,
0.11963500827550888,
-0.09058914333581924,
-0.192271426320076,
0.18113403022289276,
0.2788452208042145,
0.19862671196460724,
0.10617370903491974,
0.649707019329071,
0.1206512451171875,
-0.016591619700193405,
-0.10130004584789276,
-0.29670411348342896,
0.16924743354320526,
-0.16762694716453552,
-0.31265562772750854,
0.32875365018844604,
-0.12761840224266052,
0.16620787978172302,
-0.2447464019060135,
-0.20974120497703552,
0.26922607421875,
-0.12107543647289276,
0.5940185785293579,
0.11199951171875,
0.0037704468704760075,
-0.38969725370407104,
0.17403563857078552,
0.24934081733226776,
-0.5021697878837585,
0.26078492403030396,
0.014256763271987438,
-0.12255096435546875,
-0.01913757249712944,
0.3730224668979645,
0.06947021186351776,
0.3381103575229645,
-0.06524048000574112,
-0.2648254334926605,
0.2667602598667145,
-0.10589566081762314,
0.07751770317554474,
0.4828247129917145,
-0.15483398735523224,
-0.41508787870407104,
0.6038573980331421,
-0.29442137479782104,
0.036443136632442474,
0.3946289122104645,
-0.12935790419578552,
-0.30223387479782104,
-0.542724609375,
0.18035277724266052,
-0.00587882986292243,
0.08723755180835724,
-0.16709747910499573,
0.22172851860523224,
-0.25160521268844604,
-0.04132805019617081,
0.36058348417282104,
0.05315818637609482,
-0.0067993164993822575,
-0.11522217094898224,
0.06189374998211861,
0.27717286348342896,
0.12816467881202698,
-0.27753907442092896,
-0.2501464784145355,
0.39973145723342896,
-0.35272216796875,
-0.08683852851390839,
0.1033477783203125,
-0.5123046636581421,
-0.21845702826976776,
-0.04287109524011612,
0.3138183653354645,
0.5,
-0.002991580870002508,
-0.07997360080480576,
0.17643432319164276,
0.35502928495407104,
-0.3515380918979645,
-0.17162474989891052,
-0.030812835320830345,
0.612597644329071,
0.47801512479782104,
0.635986328125,
0.30137938261032104,
-0.2590576112270355,
0.004232978913933039,
0.161122128367424,
0.47062987089157104,
0.2591308653354645,
0.013326644897460938,
0.4494995176792145,
0.11784057319164276,
0.2883850038051605,
0.23383331298828125,
-0.32670897245407104,
-0.07483825832605362,
0.4258789122104645,
-0.06304931640625,
-0.4474121034145355,
0.3856445252895355,
0.4403076171875,
-0.10958786308765411,
-0.136322021484375,
-0.4027343690395355,
-0.008722687140107155,
0.572998046875,
-0.22552184760570526,
0.0806175246834755,
-0.4272216856479645,
0.14720764756202698,
0.3914550840854645,
0.554125964641571,
-0.06574783474206924,
-0.31885987520217896,
-0.14578934013843536,
0.2986206114292145,
-0.061431884765625,
0.0930151492357254,
0.30760496854782104,
-0.3639770448207855,
0.20169678330421448,
-0.3511718809604645,
0.3490844666957855,
0.4742675721645355,
0.45539551973342896,
-0.22510986030101776,
-0.06882934272289276,
0.19682617485523224,
-0.3613525331020355,
0.3861083984375,
0.29075926542282104,
-0.18023681640625,
-0.11645011603832245,
0.513134777545929,
0.4185791015625,
0.5663086175918579,
0.25111085176467896,
-0.1439361572265625,
0.28709715604782104,
0.2621704041957855,
-0.05506439134478569,
-0.140106201171875,
-0.3359008729457855,
-0.31379395723342896,
0.534106433391571,
-0.2811645567417145,
0.12171020358800888,
-0.06260566413402557,
0.525439441204071,
0.18766173720359802,
0.5648437738418579,
0.061800766736269,
-0.11838074028491974,
-0.27141112089157104,
0.07387695461511612,
0.19252319633960724,
-0.24068602919578552,
0.21743163466453552,
0.08447036892175674,
-0.35588377714157104,
0.10386581718921661,
-0.01143035851418972,
-0.29680174589157104,
0.3312011659145355,
-0.12375793606042862,
0.05494232103228569,
0.15169067680835724,
0.14283370971679688,
0.551562488079071,
-0.04780273512005806,
0.15735092759132385,
0.03778648376464844,
-0.26799315214157104,
-0.15852966904640198,
0.03155517578125,
0.08756332099437714,
0.14803238213062286,
0.2639404237270355,
-0.08867120742797852,
-0.3687744140625,
0.24736328423023224,
0.1530914306640625,
0.13658753037452698,
0.13114623725414276,
-0.06956253200769424,
-0.03153533861041069,
0.09414863586425781,
0.12468872219324112,
0.0042625428177416325,
0.3250488340854645,
0.45817261934280396,
0.04144134372472763,
0.15451355278491974,
0.12630310654640198,
-0.575390636920929,
-0.4413085877895355,
0.050759315490722656,
0.675244152545929,
0.4188476502895355,
0.05374603345990181,
-0.09189071506261826,
0.46253663301467896,
0.22730712592601776,
0.13484497368335724,
0.16155394911766052,
-0.19688721001148224,
0.35942381620407104,
0.2021484375,
-0.17962035536766052,
-0.13239745795726776,
-0.0995635986328125,
0.12782898545265198,
-0.10076992213726044,
-0.183807373046875,
-0.178253173828125,
-0.10712890326976776,
-0.11899413913488388,
0.004077148623764515,
0.194071963429451,
0.12001495063304901,
0.08524169772863388,
0.3843750059604645,
0.3906005918979645,
0.35865479707717896,
4.095117092132568,
0.19703368842601776,
0.04255332797765732,
-0.03593139722943306,
0.071990966796875,
0.26116943359375,
0.570751965045929,
-0.11242065578699112,
-0.12699584662914276,
0.22758178412914276,
-0.05514068529009819,
0.21728515625,
-0.12551268935203552,
0.3952270448207855,
-0.254638671875,
0.3819335997104645,
0.31810301542282104,
0.3154052793979645,
0.26042479276657104,
0.3487182557582855,
-0.3332153260707855,
0.091552734375,
0.19261474907398224,
0.5042968988418579,
0.528491199016571,
0.2666015625,
0.2842979431152344,
0.22777709364891052,
-0.1288902312517166,
0.23349609971046448,
0.23403167724609375,
0.28614503145217896,
0.3125366270542145,
-0.17345580458641052,
-0.55078125,
0.023036956787109375,
0.528002917766571,
0.22124633193016052,
0.10741309821605682,
-0.20252685248851776,
-0.22341307997703552,
-0.1121063232421875,
-0.24880599975585938,
0.83203125,
-0.10257873684167862,
0.063542939722538,
-0.17704010009765625,
0.46184080839157104,
-0.08751201629638672,
-0.12025795131921768,
0.37727051973342896,
-0.29588621854782104,
-0.20945434272289276,
0.05882873386144638,
0.132862851023674,
0.4776611328125,
0.07371215522289276,
0.08647976070642471,
0.2501220703125,
-0.23358154296875,
0.21529941260814667,
-0.20230713486671448,
0.23460693657398224,
0.04106941074132919,
-0.3899169862270355,
-0.05351722240447998,
0.2696166932582855,
0.35624998807907104,
-0.010665702633559704,
0.005150985904037952,
0.32886964082717896,
0.30198973417282104,
0.2813720703125,
-0.5365234613418579,
-0.0032775879371911287,
-0.3905273377895355,
-0.310821533203125,
-0.232666015625,
-0.04315185546875,
-0.06087798997759819,
0.4066978394985199,
-0.09366454929113388,
-0.055246926844120026,
0.3374267518520355,
-0.2690368592739105,
0.635498046875,
-0.14025573432445526,
-0.21315917372703552,
0.26618653535842896,
0.22096557915210724,
0.01830902136862278,
0.20211943984031677,
0.2595458924770355,
0.7691894769668579,
-0.22169800102710724,
0.17364196479320526,
0.18161621689796448,
-4.014257907867432,
-0.23399658501148224,
0.17434386909008026,
-0.612011730670929,
0.15848083794116974,
-0.569580078125,
-0.09924010932445526,
0.4060302674770355,
-0.287841796875,
0.05538635328412056,
-0.140838623046875,
0.29594725370407104,
0.0396692268550396,
0.27958983182907104,
0.30573731660842896,
0.04796562343835831,
0.07506494224071503,
0.3165649473667145,
0.25867921113967896,
-0.28031617403030396,
-0.05231628566980362,
0.4728759825229645,
0.3854003846645355,
-0.15490111708641052,
-0.13109436631202698,
-0.08041687309741974,
0.27446287870407104,
-0.13681793212890625,
0.23023681342601776,
0.028215456753969193,
0.047362517565488815,
0.132466122508049,
0.5702148675918579,
-0.13987426459789276,
-0.19155272841453552,
-0.1794586181640625,
0.626635730266571,
0.103729248046875,
-0.216766357421875,
0.717333972454071,
-0.03165130689740181,
-0.17256851494312286,
0.2934204041957855,
0.08621673285961151,
0.21643677353858948,
0.3140625059604645,
-0.2899536192417145,
0.036454200744628906,
-0.05182647705078125,
-0.15761947631835938,
0.6571289300918579,
0.3068481385707855,
0.04608459398150444,
-0.13099975883960724,
0.3174194395542145,
0.04506225511431694,
-0.3915039002895355,
0.1257907897233963,
0.05849494785070419,
0.3975585997104645,
0.05977668613195419,
-0.20930786430835724,
0.2000732421875,
-0.24327392876148224,
0.18000182509422302,
-0.10307464748620987,
-0.0005142212030477822,
0.38232421875,
0.15890197455883026,
-0.21556243300437927,
0.05401611328125,
0.14308777451515198,
-0.058971405029296875,
0.11846313625574112,
0.37913817167282104,
-0.1396331787109375,
-0.10403060913085938,
-0.19539794325828552,
0.4610839784145355,
0.5048431158065796,
-0.17070312798023224,
0.10650634765625,
-0.29694825410842896,
0.593066394329071,
2.3428711891174316,
0.04704437404870987,
2.3675780296325684,
0.14343109726905823,
0.18980789184570312,
0.23011474311351776,
-0.34698486328125,
0.20630797743797302,
0.27923583984375,
-0.3530639708042145,
-0.048235319554805756,
0.5284179449081421,
-0.028839111328125,
0.0699220672249794,
0.07052306830883026,
-0.2931762635707855,
0.18892821669578552,
-0.560382068157196,
-0.0017547607421875,
-0.08363685756921768,
0.4901123046875,
0.14645996689796448,
-0.42070311307907104,
-0.013926124200224876,
0.278717041015625,
-0.41022950410842896,
-0.0012781142722815275,
-0.07091369479894638,
0.197998046875,
-0.5601806640625,
-0.3189849853515625,
-0.10075988620519638,
0.3866210877895355,
0.13223114609718323,
-0.03180103376507759,
0.1535797119140625,
-0.007281494326889515,
4.660546779632568,
0.10726241767406464,
0.1124420166015625,
-0.014760017395019531,
0.151264950633049,
0.22742386162281036,
0.11948852241039276,
-0.28961181640625,
-0.10499420017004013,
0.27473145723342896,
0.3447631895542145,
0.4131225645542145,
0.08940448611974716,
-0.19823607802391052,
0.19401855766773224,
0.29658204317092896,
0.13021239638328552,
-0.06888885796070099,
0.19478073716163635,
0.03036651574075222,
-0.15437011420726776,
-0.06941528618335724,
0.11849670112133026,
-0.07967090606689453,
0.1754447966814041,
0.28144532442092896,
0.3575805723667145,
0.04196653515100479,
-0.18238525092601776,
0.24073028564453125,
-0.117711640894413,
5.504296779632568,
0.10216064751148224,
0.4225097596645355,
0.056375883519649506,
0.2889770567417145,
0.36174315214157104,
-0.4454345703125,
0.18182983994483948,
-0.6273437738418579,
-0.13752441108226776,
-0.11985321342945099,
0.361541748046875,
0.06868048012256622,
-0.08262328803539276,
0.10298004001379013,
-0.18645687401294708,
-0.34233397245407104,
0.04061279445886612,
0.1660817563533783,
-0.25328367948532104,
0.761767566204071,
0.46699219942092896,
0.462646484375,
-0.08109130710363388,
-0.09251861274242401,
-0.2075653076171875,
0.02485046349465847,
0.187103271484375,
-0.23933716118335724,
-0.01571502722799778,
0.23420409858226776,
0.11165466159582138,
-0.22853393852710724,
0.16217955946922302,
-0.2958984375,
0.26572877168655396,
-0.03811655193567276,
0.30732423067092896,
0.24552612006664276,
0.11241006851196289,
0.515380859375,
0.48784178495407104,
-0.35693663358688354,
-0.21014443039894104,
-0.05879516527056694,
0.28565675020217896,
-0.12917785346508026,
0.18540668487548828,
-0.2785888612270355,
0.023584937676787376,
0.1041160598397255,
-0.0211181640625,
1.15185546875,
-0.09992027282714844,
0.221160888671875,
0.4776245057582855,
-0.09108104556798935,
0.016876220703125,
0.16677245497703552,
-0.45573729276657104,
0.37993162870407104,
0.22151489555835724,
-0.013936614617705345,
0.21057739853858948,
0.1405487060546875,
0.31660765409469604,
0.24883422255516052,
-0.09232254326343536,
0.666552722454071,
-0.3896240293979645,
-0.07271728664636612,
0.0463244803249836,
-0.00771408062428236,
0.4587646424770355,
-0.4018295407295227,
0.06382980197668076,
0.057555388659238815,
-0.25928956270217896,
-0.12121276557445526,
0.3624267578125,
0.08352355659008026,
-0.30012208223342896,
-0.12634888291358948,
0.1026710495352745,
0.15017089247703552,
-0.15665248036384583,
0.2922607362270355,
-0.05252838134765625,
0.20788860321044922,
0.34550780057907104,
0.24215087294578552,
0.3108276426792145,
-0.31279295682907104,
0.544726550579071,
0.24442748725414276,
0.14142990112304688,
0.05594787746667862,
0.558349609375,
0.19542542099952698,
0.15778198838233948,
-0.3331436216831207,
0.116546630859375,
-0.19959716498851776,
0.019412517547607422,
0.16193847358226776,
0.043318938463926315,
0.08139953762292862,
-0.06301192939281464,
-0.22465820610523224,
-0.16831664741039276,
0.2978881895542145,
0.06420592963695526,
-0.25557249784469604,
0.08544769138097763,
-0.13363952934741974
] |
75 | What's the minimum age for driving? | [
{
"docid": "28538097#0",
"text": "The minimum driving age is the minimum age at which a person may obtain a driver's licence to lawfully drive a motor vehicle on public roads. That age is determined by and for each jurisdiction and is most commonly set at 18 years of age, but learner drivers may be permitted on the road at an earlier age under supervision. Before reaching the minimum age for a driver's licence or anytime afterwards, the person wanting the licence would normally be tested for driving ability and knowledge of road rules before being issued with a licence, provided he or she is above the minimum driving age. Countries with the lowest driving ages (17 and below) are Canada, El Salvador, Iceland, Israel, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, the United Kingdom (Mainland), United States and Zimbabwe. In several jurisdictions in the United States and Canada, drivers can be as young as 14.",
"title": "List of countries by minimum driving age"
},
{
"docid": "39527321#93",
"text": "The minimum driving age varies between 16 and 18 years of age in different States and Territories. After the minimum age, a graduated licensing scheme operates, with state variations.",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"docid": "379472#16",
"text": "Driving age is the age at which a person can apply for a driver's license. Countries with the lowest driving ages (below 17) are Australia, Canada, El Salvador, Iceland, Israel, Estonia, Macedonia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Sweden, the United Kingdom (Mainland) and United States. The Canadian province of Alberta and several U.S. states permit youth driving as low as 14. Niger has the highest minimum driving age in the world at 23. In India, driving is legal after getting a license at the age of 18.",
"title": "Youth"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "39527321#108",
"text": "A minimum driving age often exists regardless of possession of a foreign license; an American cannot drive below the local minimum age in Europe, nor can a 17-year-old Briton drive in mainland Europe where the minimum age is 18.",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"docid": "28538097#2",
"text": "The minimum age may vary depending on vehicle type. This list refers to the minimum driving age for a motor vehicle with a maximum authorized mass not exceeding 3,500 kg and designed and constructed for the carriage of no more than eight passengers in addition to the driver (not including a trailer).",
"title": "List of countries by minimum driving age"
},
{
"docid": "15429146#6",
"text": "The minimum driving age for drivers varies between states and territories. Learner drivers may drive, under the supervision of a fully licensed driver, from 15 years and 9 months in the ACT, and 16 years in the other states and the Northern Territory. The minimum unsupervised driving age is 18 years in Victoria, 16 years and 6 months in the Northern Territory, and 17 years in all other states and the ACT.",
"title": "Driver licences in Australia"
},
{
"docid": "41532041#0",
"text": "In Germany the driving licence is a governmental privilege given to those who request a licence for any of the categories they desire. It is required for every type of motorised vehicle with the exception of the smallest mopeds below 50 cm³, with a speed limit of 25 km/h, as well as motorised bicycles. (Even for these, there is a minimum age of 15 years and a small mandatory driving school course). \nThe types of licences one may obtain are the same in all the European Economic Area. See European driving licence. \nThe minimum age to obtain a driving licence is: 16 years for a restricted motorcycle up to 125 cm³, 17 years for a car with a legal guardian, 18 years for unrestricted car and 21 years for buses and cargo vehicles.",
"title": "Driving licence in Germany"
},
{
"docid": "2979240#6",
"text": "The general minimum age for drivers is 18. However, drivers as young as 17 may be approved to drive on speedway tracks, and drivers as young as 15 years can be permitted to drive at courses less than one mile in length and road courses. This is one year younger than the minimum age of 16 in the Camping World Truck Series (also for short tracks and road courses only).",
"title": "ARCA Racing Series"
},
{
"docid": "14958808#1",
"text": "The minimum age at which one can take a UK driving test is currently 16 for mopeds and 17 for cars (16 for those on the higher/enhanced rate of the mobility component of DLA or PIP). There is no upper age limit. In addition to a driving licence, a CBT certificate may be required before a moped or motorcycle is ridden.",
"title": "United Kingdom driving test"
},
{
"docid": "39527321#63",
"text": "The minimum driving age in the United Kingdom is 16 for mopeds under , and 17 for cars and motorcycles. Access to motorcycles producing more than is restricted to riders with two years experience or aged 21. The British Overseas Territories and the British Crown dependencies issue their own driving licences. There is no legal requirement for a non-professional driver to carry a driving licence in the UK whilst driving, although it must be produced at a police station within seven days, if required to do so by a police officer.",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"docid": "28538097#1",
"text": "Most jurisdictions recognise driver's licences issued by another jurisdiction, which may result in a young person who obtains a licence in a jurisdiction with a low minimum driving age being permitted to drive in a jurisdiction which normally has a higher driving age.",
"title": "List of countries by minimum driving age"
}
] | [
0.2587779760360718,
0.057820405811071396,
-0.14723697304725647,
0.35537996888160706,
-0.06197357177734375,
0.43411532044410706,
0.5425026416778564,
-0.39639559388160706,
0.21286843717098236,
-0.06387155503034592,
-0.18121753633022308,
-0.34481534361839294,
0.08271095901727676,
-0.008205934427678585,
0.19914661347866058,
0.11953041702508926,
0.5361328125,
-0.23676230013370514,
-0.12066373229026794,
0.19644442200660706,
-0.3856312036514282,
0.3935990631580353,
0.23316539824008942,
0.013139378279447556,
0.10949151962995529,
0.12688098847866058,
-0.19322620332241058,
-0.04106452316045761,
0.11652790755033493,
0.45017310976982117,
0.24979470670223236,
-0.19773171842098236,
0.06790438294410706,
0.09370283782482147,
-0.13586148619651794,
0.3564453125,
0.01166759803891182,
-0.2076416015625,
-0.2153375744819641,
0.03711492195725441,
-0.07816800475120544,
0.09639254212379456,
0.3601629137992859,
-0.03626251220703125,
0.4004572033882141,
0.3241521716117859,
-0.03936767578125,
0.22743502259254456,
-0.0016465620137751102,
0.012477528303861618,
-0.41135475039482117,
0.41506126523017883,
-0.004576943349093199,
0.04092268645763397,
-0.7220792174339294,
0.7726829051971436,
-0.09837202727794647,
0.44051846861839294,
0.030453074723482132,
-0.13114513456821442,
0.384521484375,
-0.21725186705589294,
-0.18575216829776764,
-0.06784681975841522,
0.28402987122535706,
0.3143976330757141,
-0.14898958802223206,
0.6048473119735718,
0.27957430481910706,
0.04063831642270088,
-0.10997286438941956,
0.47487571835517883,
0.14443692564964294,
0.2746027112007141,
-0.08118447661399841,
-0.029853127896785736,
0.20700350403785706,
0.1731622815132141,
0.5840731263160706,
-0.1417902112007141,
0.21043811738491058,
-0.014055772684514523,
0.09537887573242188,
0.2976851165294647,
0.18428732454776764,
0.3663440942764282,
-0.09793853759765625,
0.09002408385276794,
0.2124578356742859,
0.6811967492103577,
0.22000955045223236,
-0.12225809693336487,
-0.08033084869384766,
0.281646728515625,
0.4202991724014282,
0.1835882067680359,
0.18266712129116058,
-0.352783203125,
0.2344915270805359,
-0.38088157773017883,
-0.17225785553455353,
-0.0067609441466629505,
-0.052267421036958694,
0.2035973221063614,
0.0667724609375,
-0.3988814055919647,
-0.41162109375,
0.4307084381580353,
-0.03402155265212059,
0.15101762115955353,
0.3638805150985718,
0.12817105650901794,
0.0068190316669642925,
-0.32009056210517883,
0.20148815214633942,
0.1786138415336609,
0.10255293548107147,
-0.3392444849014282,
-0.16306652128696442,
-0.8978604674339294,
0.3797496557235718,
0.026748137548565865,
-0.36325904726982117,
-0.22800515592098236,
-0.18683971464633942,
-0.2810502350330353,
0.6012517809867859,
0.04286055266857147,
0.5278764367103577,
0.30558082461357117,
0.11031896620988846,
0.345703125,
0.1386358141899109,
0.47219017148017883,
-0.1507318615913391,
0.13105565309524536,
0.30429908633232117,
-0.11070112884044647,
0.10549580305814743,
-0.24579967558383942,
0.3427290618419647,
-0.23936323821544647,
0.028760043904185295,
0.5334250926971436,
0.10288030654191971,
0.32950106263160706,
0.11196379363536835,
0.2047674059867859,
-0.013741926290094852,
0.5065252184867859,
0.05518549308180809,
-0.07476208359003067,
0.0630670040845871,
0.22841574251651764,
0.13762040436267853,
0.09032046049833298,
0.15849442780017853,
0.20383523404598236,
0.19963759183883667,
-0.006579485721886158,
0.7092729210853577,
0.3487437963485718,
0.2882857024669647,
-0.19166149199008942,
-0.024178244173526764,
0.4198552966117859,
0.23477450013160706,
0.6134588122367859,
0.6453302502632141,
0.08774358779191971,
-0.26114168763160706,
0.18653453886508942,
0.33286353945732117,
0.008669939823448658,
0.041758451610803604,
0.11017262190580368,
-0.06776566803455353,
0.32956764101982117,
0.3769697844982147,
-0.06454398483037949,
0.03403334319591522,
0.07928674668073654,
0.3741344213485718,
-0.30562523007392883,
0.6111949682235718,
0.4120649993419647,
-0.21209716796875,
-0.33358487486839294,
-0.1636962890625,
0.14197610318660736,
-0.1359717696905136,
0.21031050384044647,
0.5544766783714294,
-0.09733235090970993,
-0.17948774993419647,
-0.10018296539783478,
-0.0837554931640625,
0.22154651582241058,
-0.07981941848993301,
0.23353160917758942,
-0.18239940702915192,
0.21489229798316956,
-0.4022327661514282,
0.31844815611839294,
0.25363990664482117,
-0.35578224062919617,
-0.04994617775082588,
0.18470625579357147,
-0.0010154030751436949,
-0.02107550948858261,
0.3638472259044647,
0.0779637023806572,
0.24404074251651764,
0.44553443789482117,
-0.2379705309867859,
0.032370828092098236,
-0.06975924223661423,
-0.059170808643102646,
0.4437505602836609,
0.13291792571544647,
-0.4006236791610718,
0.20052823424339294,
-0.11089532822370529,
-0.14278897643089294,
-0.07795793563127518,
0.0065890224650502205,
0.05534778907895088,
-0.6961115002632141,
0.1310480237007141,
0.3592640161514282,
0.21255216002464294,
-0.114990234375,
0.18972501158714294,
-0.36081209778785706,
0.31996849179267883,
0.20058511197566986,
-0.0795947015285492,
0.12563253939151764,
0.15848611295223236,
-0.21865567564964294,
0.25990989804267883,
-0.020101459696888924,
-0.48348721861839294,
0.0033332218881696463,
0.37844017148017883,
-0.37233665585517883,
0.3661665618419647,
0.1262255609035492,
0.22818270325660706,
-0.1020660400390625,
0.08093920350074768,
-0.11519553512334824,
0.07710127532482147,
0.3327525854110718,
-0.46360084414482117,
0.199876606464386,
-0.10921686142683029,
-0.11757243424654007,
0.1448584496974945,
0.1788274645805359,
0.522705078125,
0.6673694849014282,
0.4837091565132141,
0.4072820544242859,
-0.4082475006580353,
0.059252653270959854,
0.23392000794410706,
0.5522682666778564,
-0.1631414294242859,
0.5354891419410706,
0.4798029065132141,
-0.39224520325660706,
-0.00278472900390625,
-0.14567150175571442,
-0.33742454648017883,
-0.11764803528785706,
-0.06375867873430252,
-0.07536662369966507,
-0.2711958587169647,
0.39111328125,
0.3258056640625,
-0.11040635406970978,
-0.24239835143089294,
0.09751367568969727,
0.20704789459705353,
0.3483997583389282,
-0.24235950410366058,
-0.12591552734375,
-0.4111993908882141,
0.22920919954776764,
0.3702281713485718,
0.5284978747367859,
0.20958362519741058,
-0.4408513903617859,
0.07653670012950897,
0.32566139101982117,
0.20637650787830353,
0.13747094571590424,
0.12298028916120529,
-0.1798761487007141,
0.475341796875,
-0.4246937036514282,
0.005186167545616627,
0.3748002350330353,
-0.02048700489103794,
-0.009267980232834816,
-0.12056246399879456,
0.18134377896785736,
-0.2597101330757141,
0.24665971100330353,
0.07417991012334824,
-0.24086691439151764,
0.09058033674955368,
0.2604536712169647,
0.25747957825660706,
0.2932239770889282,
0.6397150158882141,
0.06609413772821426,
0.43258389830589294,
0.11776456236839294,
-0.4930530786514282,
-0.2545055150985718,
-0.2625177502632141,
-0.14080117642879486,
0.23829235136508942,
-0.5136052966117859,
0.23561789095401764,
-0.09311225265264511,
-0.14904923737049103,
-0.2094060778617859,
0.3605291247367859,
0.40403053164482117,
-0.07832405716180801,
-0.4452459216117859,
-0.03806339576840401,
0.2683272063732147,
0.08593680709600449,
0.11553400009870529,
-0.5572620630264282,
-0.08927223831415176,
0.14388829469680786,
0.3018687963485718,
-0.03181249275803566,
0.36435768008232117,
0.0697021484375,
-0.1079815924167633,
0.043642912060022354,
0.3841663599014282,
0.2943226099014282,
0.09082308411598206,
0.43994140625,
0.07722195982933044,
-0.22681774199008942,
-0.41823509335517883,
0.5158025622367859,
-0.03560985252261162,
0.24624980986118317,
0.2740117907524109,
0.13557295501232147,
-0.2681107819080353,
0.10781305283308029,
0.36978426575660706,
-0.29666414856910706,
0.01085385400801897,
0.05353337898850441,
0.18610452115535736,
-0.26553621888160706,
0.2076513171195984,
0.0087210051715374,
0.2272283434867859,
0.1444806158542633,
0.1341302990913391,
-0.048039987683296204,
0.4837535619735718,
-0.1466064453125,
-0.2693648040294647,
0.10512056946754456,
0.3587091565132141,
0.5008434057235718,
0.4404962658882141,
-0.1011810302734375,
0.4535467028617859,
0.13084273040294647,
0.010071738623082638,
-0.1021081730723381,
-0.23914684355258942,
-0.046205345541238785,
0.06728987395763397,
0.4136185944080353,
-0.14587193727493286,
-0.04194840416312218,
-0.05797160789370537,
0.14494739472866058,
0.014462730847299099,
0.18975552916526794,
0.036152925342321396,
-0.13686718046665192,
0.11627058684825897,
0.07756458967924118,
-0.4489080309867859,
-0.08722200989723206,
0.5273659229278564,
0.33749112486839294,
0.12630115449428558,
4.150213241577148,
0.4117542505264282,
0.37442293763160706,
0.20753063261508942,
-0.11305375397205353,
0.11252108216285706,
0.2535844147205353,
-0.4544566869735718,
-0.5011319518089294,
-0.07320334762334824,
0.05010101944208145,
0.20576615631580353,
0.2197015881538391,
0.012781446799635887,
-0.10862038284540176,
0.14183321595191956,
0.41286399960517883,
0.027621615678071976,
0.013880816288292408,
0.047905661165714264,
-0.48317649960517883,
0.5628772974014282,
0.4118208587169647,
0.2733265161514282,
0.18295565247535706,
0.0019635288044810295,
0.23573441803455353,
-0.16132770478725433,
0.3886274993419647,
0.5793678760528564,
0.3103138208389282,
0.21595902740955353,
-0.01737438514828682,
-0.12646761536598206,
-0.6826615929603577,
0.3887273669242859,
0.46238014101982117,
0.26336669921875,
0.145599365234375,
0.0057803066447377205,
-0.14529834687709808,
-0.17205810546875,
0.4263139069080353,
0.366455078125,
0.32177734375,
-0.15114246308803558,
-0.13584761321544647,
0.4594060778617859,
0.3045820891857147,
0.014528447762131691,
0.4364568591117859,
-0.2578568756580353,
0.13746781647205353,
-0.3570112884044647,
0.32839134335517883,
0.5024858117103577,
-0.0020888501312583685,
0.3615278899669647,
0.009319478645920753,
0.11032936722040176,
-0.37149325013160706,
-0.038890156894922256,
0.06836769729852676,
-0.05064600333571434,
-0.3236860930919647,
-0.10748291015625,
0.1100359857082367,
0.48606178164482117,
-0.016798365861177444,
-0.49520596861839294,
0.5107200145721436,
0.4291437268257141,
0.3542647063732147,
-0.45485618710517883,
0.08065240830183029,
0.2518810033798218,
-0.3892822265625,
0.11641640961170197,
-0.3250621557235718,
-0.043845437467098236,
0.01153564453125,
-0.07308127731084824,
-0.21377840638160706,
0.25514915585517883,
-0.01632898487150669,
0.6600674986839294,
0.1773480474948883,
-0.12958456575870514,
0.44826439023017883,
0.07283575087785721,
0.19941850006580353,
0.23853649199008942,
0.033747587352991104,
0.04394548758864403,
-0.041799720376729965,
0.07339754700660706,
0.2186834216117859,
-4.0520243644714355,
0.15103982388973236,
-0.0904298722743988,
-0.0008898648084141314,
0.017890237271785736,
-0.3461248278617859,
0.05904249846935272,
0.43612393736839294,
-0.026698719710111618,
0.09931529313325882,
0.05454254150390625,
-0.21508511900901794,
0.04475957527756691,
0.23376326262950897,
0.12288041412830353,
0.3097589612007141,
0.08278586715459824,
0.2679887115955353,
0.33736905455589294,
-0.12904496490955353,
0.05175018310546875,
0.28225430846214294,
0.38033780455589294,
-0.4392866790294647,
0.22670121490955353,
0.24896240234375,
0.2633223235607147,
-0.21212491393089294,
0.29845982789993286,
0.18653176724910736,
-0.10589322447776794,
-0.021251244470477104,
0.30965909361839294,
-0.4492853283882141,
-0.047339700162410736,
0.3431951403617859,
0.12895341217517853,
-0.21971268951892853,
0.29214754700660706,
0.3033336400985718,
-0.16585470736026764,
0.054118070751428604,
0.3576216399669647,
-0.09123646467924118,
-0.2854558825492859,
-0.23147860169410706,
-0.6015403270721436,
-0.11576426774263382,
-0.47940340638160706,
0.25301846861839294,
0.1317083239555359,
0.20414595305919647,
-0.3694957494735718,
0.19790372252464294,
0.3009476959705353,
-0.06349962204694748,
0.07033608108758926,
0.09011910110712051,
0.34066495299339294,
0.10177022963762283,
0.03643382713198662,
-0.2300567626953125,
-0.07912375777959824,
0.037213411182165146,
0.2305852770805359,
-0.24222634732723236,
0.18870128691196442,
0.22571910917758942,
0.19850851595401764,
-0.2972412109375,
0.12628173828125,
-0.08427290618419647,
-0.24911221861839294,
-0.06569897383451462,
0.16696999967098236,
0.4394642114639282,
-0.18696802854537964,
0.02210027538239956,
0.4536798596382141,
0.15440645813941956,
-0.020172812044620514,
0.06078685447573662,
-0.4278453588485718,
0.1532367318868637,
2.2902166843414307,
0.07572886347770691,
2.1890981197357178,
0.10858986526727676,
0.008858420886099339,
0.2551380395889282,
0.06913098692893982,
0.037656091153621674,
-0.13472677767276764,
0.2552448511123657,
-0.13226595520973206,
-0.02413385547697544,
-0.026695793494582176,
0.25594815611839294,
-0.02995855174958706,
-0.3215775787830353,
0.5073463916778564,
-0.8761985301971436,
0.3981267809867859,
0.1703546643257141,
0.4710582494735718,
0.40793678164482117,
-0.07188832014799118,
0.07105133682489395,
0.298583984375,
0.14074291288852692,
0.3187699615955353,
-0.38138094544410706,
0.11748712509870529,
-0.06346514821052551,
-0.02748662792146206,
0.28530052304267883,
0.10956365615129471,
0.10165335983037949,
-0.34096458554267883,
-0.04386752471327782,
0.15304842591285706,
4.7141337394714355,
-0.13419966399669647,
-0.028352217748761177,
-0.023713892325758934,
0.2688765227794647,
0.5359996557235718,
0.25613680481910706,
0.04137004539370537,
-0.08658044785261154,
0.3613947033882141,
0.44058504700660706,
-0.1412459909915924,
-0.28318092226982117,
-0.08983109146356583,
0.24642667174339294,
0.08025567978620529,
0.2735040783882141,
0.2750909924507141,
-0.00030151280225254595,
0.0073117343708872795,
0.155181884765625,
0.14493907988071442,
-0.010059833526611328,
0.015786604955792427,
-0.055567655712366104,
-0.14858593046665192,
0.3734685778617859,
-0.36083984375,
-0.062418852001428604,
0.2782648205757141,
-0.064666748046875,
5.513849258422852,
-0.04036608710885048,
0.5221502184867859,
-0.26736727356910706,
-0.08799050003290176,
0.44240501523017883,
-0.3028453588485718,
0.1709136962890625,
-0.4798029065132141,
-0.047861792147159576,
0.014003753662109375,
-0.00635667284950614,
-0.1935064196586609,
0.46360084414482117,
-0.007669622078537941,
0.2380926012992859,
-0.3963512182235718,
0.2611194849014282,
0.06492406874895096,
0.4479314684867859,
0.5963689684867859,
0.27944114804267883,
0.3714488744735718,
-0.5037286877632141,
-0.06067033112049103,
0.21488259732723236,
-0.11460459977388382,
0.17287930846214294,
-0.0005822615348733962,
-0.24149946868419647,
0.40553978085517883,
-0.2219751477241516,
0.16379061341285706,
-0.2654918432235718,
-0.0384674072265625,
0.31180086731910706,
0.414306640625,
-0.019819779321551323,
0.12436745315790176,
0.061688508838415146,
0.08342539519071579,
0.30960360169410706,
-0.1732635498046875,
0.19977916777133942,
0.060373131185770035,
-0.16642622649669647,
-0.150634765625,
0.06543800979852676,
-0.19638894498348236,
0.22001509368419647,
0.21342329680919647,
-0.08822908997535706,
0.8874289989471436,
0.2618602514266968,
0.32315340638160706,
0.2813609838485718,
0.14535313844680786,
0.04399317130446434,
0.16641512513160706,
0.01257046777755022,
0.4310302734375,
0.33755770325660706,
0.031446803361177444,
0.32919034361839294,
0.3364146947860718,
0.55078125,
0.2966419458389282,
-0.012276389636099339,
0.7287819385528564,
-0.29952171444892883,
-0.18690074980258942,
0.19605602324008942,
0.06529374420642853,
0.19748201966285706,
-0.06817488372325897,
0.3250066637992859,
-0.16141857206821442,
-0.16206498444080353,
-0.315673828125,
-0.16845703125,
-0.002564170164987445,
0.07033694535493851,
-0.25350120663642883,
0.4983353912830353,
0.35384854674339294,
0.6504793763160706,
-0.05472807586193085,
0.3486993908882141,
0.18471457064151764,
-0.050686921924352646,
0.1589612066745758,
-0.14198996126651764,
-0.3474898040294647,
0.5695579051971436,
0.1390131115913391,
0.18282803893089294,
0.13246847689151764,
0.3855646252632141,
0.22543196380138397,
-0.2993053197860718,
0.07302162796258926,
0.2312677502632141,
0.033811744302511215,
-0.1258295178413391,
0.19805908203125,
-0.13414140045642853,
0.22454833984375,
-0.4462890625,
0.5220392346382141,
0.4567205309867859,
0.43625709414482117,
0.3192027807235718,
0.12451171875,
-0.25375089049339294,
-0.18434835970401764
] |
76 | When was the Argentine Basketball Federation formed? | [
{
"docid": "54393269#9",
"text": "On August 30, 1929, the Argentine Basketball Federation (current \"Confederación Argentina\") was established, with founder members from Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe, La Rioja, North Federation and Bahía Blanca. The Federación Argentina focused on the spread of basketball in Buenos Aires as in the rest of the provinces of Argentina.",
"title": "Basketball in Argentina"
},
{
"docid": "54348874#5",
"text": "In successive years, other clubs such as Ñaró, Estudiantes (LP), River Plate, Gimnasia y Esgrima, Universitario and Racing) registered their teams to the Federation. On August 30, 1929, the Argentine Basketball Federation (current \"Confederación Argentina\") was established, with founder members from Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe, La Rioja, North Federation and Bahía Blanca. The Federación Argentina focused on the spread of basketball in Buenos Aires as in the rest of the provinces of Argentina.",
"title": "History of the Argentina national basketball team"
},
{
"docid": "54393269#0",
"text": "Basketball was introduced in Argentina in 1912 by the \"Asociación Cristiana de Jóvenes\" (Young Men's Christians Association – YCMA), with the first Federation created in 1921 to organise the competitions. In 1929, the Argentine Basketball Federation (\"Confederación Argentina de Basketball\") was established. The body currently controls the Argentina national team.",
"title": "Basketball in Argentina"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "54393269#5",
"text": "In 1921 the \"Argentine Basketball Federation\" (original name: \"Federación Argentina de Basket-Ball\" – FABB) was established to organise competitions not only in Buenos Aires but in several cities around Argentina, such as Bahía Blanca and Córdoba where basketball would develop significantly in successive years. Argentina played its first international game (representing the FABB) against Uruguay in 1921. The players chosen to play that match were: S.G. Romero, J.C. Rodríguez Quiroga (captain), A. Birba, M. Hernandorena, J. Barbier.",
"title": "Basketball in Argentina"
},
{
"docid": "54348874#4",
"text": "In 1921 the \"Argentine Basketball Federation\" (original name: \"Federación Argentina de Basket-Ball\" – FABB) was established to organise competitions not only in Buenos Aires but in several cities around Argentina, such as Bahía Blanca and Córdoba where basketball would develop significantly in successive years. Argentina played its first international game (representing the FABB) against Uruguay in 1921. The players chosen to play that match were: S.G. Romero, J.C. Rodríguez Quiroga (captain), A. Birba, M. Hernandorena, J. Barbier.",
"title": "History of the Argentina national basketball team"
},
{
"docid": "7934540#2",
"text": "At continental level, overshadowed by volleyball power Brazil, Argentina won the gold medal at the 1964 South American Men's Volleyball Championship, twelve silver and seven bronze.\nVolleyball was introduced in Argentina by the YMCA - Youth Christian Association in 1912. The Argentine Volleyball Federation was created in 1932 sharing the same management as Basketball. The number of fans slowly started to grow as a result of its broadcasting.\nThe following is the Argentine roster in the 2018 World Championship.",
"title": "Argentina men's national volleyball team"
},
{
"docid": "54393269#6",
"text": "The first \"big\" of Argentine basketball was Hindú, winning 5 consecutive titles (1922–26). In 1926 the team toured on Europe to play a series of friendly matches. Hindú played a total of 6 games, remaining unbeaten.\nIn successive years, other clubs such as Ñaró, Estudiantes (LP), River Plate, Gimnasia y Esgrima, Universitario and Racing) registered their teams to the Federation. In 1928, the \"Campeonato Argentino de Básquet\" was created",
"title": "Basketball in Argentina"
},
{
"docid": "20688769#1",
"text": "The Western Australian Basketball Federation (WABF) was founded in 1946 as the Western Australian Basketball Association. The original Western Australian Basketball Association was formed by a small group of basketball enthusiasts at the Perth YMCA on Murray Street on Wednesday, 3 April 1946. The sport had already been played across the state for 35 years, but there had been no official management or promotion of the sport. John Leonard, a highly respected Perth businessman, athlete and two-time winner of football's coveted Sandover Medal, played a key role in orchestrating the first meeting on 3 April 1946. The initial aim was to form a body that would manage, control and promote the development of basketball in Western Australia. As a result, the local associations played in a winter competition at Claremont Showground for the John Leonard Perpetual Shield.",
"title": "Basketball Western Australia"
},
{
"docid": "21351370#2",
"text": "In this way the conditions were met for the creation in 1946 of the Albanian Basketball Federation (FSHB). Now our country had a specialized institution that followed and led the development of the Albanian basketball in the country, but also formally represent our country in foreign relations for basketball, but their connections abroad were still held by the Albanian Sports Federation, which kept ties with federations international. Basketball Federation at that time functioned as a genuine federation, because the missing bodies that such a federation and had the powers it now has. In 1947, only a year after its creation, ASF joined the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). Deserves to highlight the fact that it was one of the 48 federations prior to affiliated national in FIBA since its thememelimi in 1932, 211 such that it has now, which shows that basketball in our country known and played much more see in many other countries.",
"title": "Albanian Basketball Association"
},
{
"docid": "54348874#11",
"text": "The world championship won clean and brilliantly, but, on January 8, 1957, the military dictatorship of Pedro Aramburu, who had taken power in Argentina via a coup d'état which called itself \"Revolución Libertadora\", provisionally suspended the 1950 World Championship winners; a measure that was later made permanent on March 27 of that year.\nAccording to the polemic amateur article a professional sportsman can not receive money, but the Argentinean players -not USA- received economic compensation for play. The suspension was for allegedly violating the Amateur Sportsman Statute, as, according to the administrators who had been installed in the Argentine Basketball Federation, the players had been paid to play by the overthrown government of Juan Perón. With a young and inexperienced team, Argentina finished fourth in the 1958 South American Basketball Championship and 10th (over 13 teams) in the 1959 FIBA World Championship.",
"title": "History of the Argentina national basketball team"
}
] | [
0.4642578065395355,
-0.015704726800322533,
-0.30804443359375,
0.10595283657312393,
-0.7352050542831421,
-0.11700744926929474,
0.16115418076515198,
-0.22434692084789276,
0.24391479790210724,
0.3608154356479645,
-0.19901275634765625,
-0.18757323920726776,
-0.3537353575229645,
0.23657074570655823,
-0.4792236387729645,
0.36033934354782104,
0.5659424066543579,
-0.28555503487586975,
-0.3207458555698395,
0.2608276307582855,
0.02084960974752903,
0.40375977754592896,
0.08985862880945206,
0.33161622285842896,
0.0020313262939453125,
-0.04012451320886612,
0.07698364555835724,
0.539965808391571,
0.39655762910842896,
0.3759521543979645,
0.12705841660499573,
-0.1360321044921875,
-0.09714202582836151,
0.73291015625,
-0.43980711698532104,
0.11433105170726776,
0.12697753310203552,
-0.3136962950229645,
-0.15784302353858948,
0.49394530057907104,
0.015198421664536,
0.3394775390625,
0.46123045682907104,
-0.04814319685101509,
0.46558839082717896,
0.07891998440027237,
0.35356444120407104,
0.19141845405101776,
-0.30023497343063354,
0.17312011122703552,
-0.12042121589183807,
-0.15845489501953125,
-0.02793135680258274,
-0.08087921142578125,
-0.642041027545929,
0.657177746295929,
-0.030542755499482155,
0.668261706829071,
0.1317538321018219,
0.01273498497903347,
0.03602752834558487,
0.16175536811351776,
-0.017999649047851562,
0.13549652695655823,
0.20486755669116974,
0.13568115234375,
-0.13004226982593536,
-0.18758544325828552,
0.21163329482078552,
0.4690185487270355,
-0.01902618445456028,
0.5619140863418579,
0.701220691204071,
0.0506744384765625,
0.02766723558306694,
-0.44379884004592896,
-0.155689999461174,
0.5459228754043579,
0.03380279615521431,
-0.43767088651657104,
0.3510986268520355,
-0.879199206829071,
0.06575965881347656,
0.31279295682907104,
-0.09840698540210724,
0.42644041776657104,
0.263885498046875,
0.3008270263671875,
0.3391967713832855,
0.6483398675918579,
-0.13673248887062073,
-0.14039993286132812,
0.21567383408546448,
-0.28166502714157104,
0.3093505799770355,
0.269094854593277,
0.05895233154296875,
-0.12769775092601776,
0.1793922483921051,
-0.4214233458042145,
-0.07794494926929474,
-0.19871826469898224,
0.21206359565258026,
0.528369128704071,
0.27381592988967896,
-0.22829589247703552,
-0.18179932236671448,
-0.14902953803539276,
0.21126708388328552,
0.437255859375,
0.3256286680698395,
-0.004904365632683039,
0.683667004108429,
-0.15751342475414276,
0.21793822944164276,
0.03280944749712944,
0.8651123046875,
-0.26019287109375,
-0.3438049256801605,
-0.562695324420929,
0.583789050579071,
0.15887451171875,
-0.21470947563648224,
-0.019628524780273438,
0.01065750140696764,
-0.08219222724437714,
0.606201171875,
0.15137329697608948,
0.4198974668979645,
0.33098143339157104,
0.030856037512421608,
0.07779540866613388,
0.010772705078125,
0.57763671875,
-0.04391784593462944,
-0.08736686408519745,
0.3065246641635895,
-0.2662597596645355,
-0.08786620944738388,
-0.07893256843090057,
-0.5931640863418579,
-0.3714233338832855,
0.06989593803882599,
0.4430908262729645,
0.09790344536304474,
0.14260101318359375,
0.30015259981155396,
0.4857421815395355,
0.06006775051355362,
0.18811646103858948,
0.5649658441543579,
0.29411545395851135,
-0.3882080018520355,
0.5337158441543579,
0.31224364042282104,
0.1822509765625,
0.509960949420929,
-0.3069824278354645,
0.01952209509909153,
0.13214607536792755,
0.791308581829071,
0.3519287109375,
0.016955947503447533,
-0.13753966987133026,
0.36439210176467896,
0.07113341987133026,
-0.09100951999425888,
0.30375975370407104,
0.4061279296875,
-0.2577453553676605,
-0.1611175537109375,
0.08925934135913849,
0.46654051542282104,
-0.023091888055205345,
0.17371216416358948,
0.18268433213233948,
-0.218536376953125,
0.253173828125,
0.518310546875,
-0.3903564512729645,
0.36311036348342896,
0.04985809326171875,
0.3096088469028473,
0.19713135063648224,
0.5781005620956421,
-0.17485961318016052,
0.2553955018520355,
-0.2956909239292145,
-0.20329436659812927,
0.04218139499425888,
-0.18700560927391052,
0.073883056640625,
0.555957019329071,
0.029531097039580345,
0.03072815015912056,
0.12575073540210724,
0.157215878367424,
0.40184324979782104,
0.15377502143383026,
0.42182618379592896,
0.2899734377861023,
-0.11780548095703125,
-0.32624512910842896,
0.25830078125,
0.364013671875,
-0.20333251357078552,
-0.4174133241176605,
0.3578124940395355,
-0.17116089165210724,
-0.47834473848342896,
-0.369140625,
0.140899658203125,
0.41411131620407104,
0.07915039360523224,
0.21049804985523224,
0.36982423067092896,
0.08888550102710724,
-0.005066108889877796,
0.4529968202114105,
-0.06305618584156036,
-0.16363525390625,
0.30119627714157104,
0.06287841498851776,
-0.2619995176792145,
0.16300658881664276,
-0.5411621332168579,
-0.3129638731479645,
-0.4376464784145355,
0.17850951850414276,
0.2286376953125,
0.32536619901657104,
-0.11161498725414276,
0.11570282280445099,
0.256796270608902,
0.22884520888328552,
0.17508849501609802,
0.06190795823931694,
-0.1017967239022255,
0.043308258056640625,
-0.23894652724266052,
0.3034423887729645,
-0.06819162517786026,
-0.2786010801792145,
-0.14566878974437714,
0.4227539002895355,
-0.0819002166390419,
0.4610839784145355,
0.24721069633960724,
-0.3760986328125,
-0.165374755859375,
-0.16048583388328552,
-0.29539185762405396,
-0.15114136040210724,
0.694531261920929,
-0.21260376274585724,
0.07477901130914688,
0.3514038026332855,
0.12409667670726776,
-0.12140198051929474,
0.02655639685690403,
0.575976550579071,
0.06427307426929474,
0.686572253704071,
0.4359130859375,
-0.34783935546875,
-0.11891479790210724,
-0.05335693433880806,
0.5048583745956421,
-0.31859129667282104,
0.19070586562156677,
0.30281370878219604,
-0.578540027141571,
0.04486083984375,
0.15623703598976135,
-0.2855285704135895,
-0.032033346593379974,
-0.34382325410842896,
0.09207077324390411,
-0.35102540254592896,
0.16160735487937927,
0.36480712890625,
0.053896140307188034,
-0.29296875,
0.32551878690719604,
0.21126098930835724,
0.4306274354457855,
-0.22901305556297302,
-0.3775634765625,
-0.30216675996780396,
-0.03310241550207138,
-0.25445556640625,
0.675048828125,
0.021882057189941406,
-0.43360596895217896,
0.24630126357078552,
-0.35106199979782104,
0.10425414890050888,
-0.24185791611671448,
-0.14304199814796448,
-0.1770581752061844,
0.3173675537109375,
-0.766308605670929,
0.2697509825229645,
0.37525635957717896,
0.0895591750741005,
-0.43815916776657104,
-0.3105224668979645,
-0.4049072265625,
0.16933974623680115,
0.09417419135570526,
0.570263683795929,
-0.47059935331344604,
-0.004451560787856579,
0.653515636920929,
0.4691406190395355,
0.820019543170929,
0.009915160946547985,
-0.1845039427280426,
0.2511245608329773,
0.513867199420929,
-0.5082031488418579,
0.08271179348230362,
-0.24628905951976776,
-0.021790694445371628,
0.172027587890625,
-0.5340820550918579,
0.35344237089157104,
-0.20611572265625,
0.3770507872104645,
0.11706237494945526,
0.7401123046875,
0.36346435546875,
-0.21977324783802032,
-0.07713279873132706,
-0.3902831971645355,
0.02903137169778347,
-0.08397369086742401,
0.22644957900047302,
-0.07649383693933487,
0.20146790146827698,
0.04500274732708931,
-0.1142582893371582,
0.16856689751148224,
0.18659667670726776,
0.014427756890654564,
-0.22040405869483948,
0.248046875,
0.6013427972793579,
0.21978759765625,
-0.17833861708641052,
0.04447765275835991,
0.204833984375,
-0.301443487405777,
-0.05407257005572319,
0.33732908964157104,
-0.00603904714807868,
0.27290040254592896,
0.185211181640625,
0.5181884765625,
-0.06222839280962944,
0.23652343451976776,
0.2559570372104645,
0.2896728515625,
0.49956053495407104,
0.4864257872104645,
0.05701293796300888,
-0.3505615293979645,
0.09506645053625107,
-0.010266113094985485,
0.1752166748046875,
0.7218261957168579,
-0.05507965013384819,
0.1870262175798416,
0.1068546324968338,
-0.513232409954071,
-0.15909424424171448,
-0.2045890837907791,
0.4771972596645355,
0.33269041776657104,
0.18894653022289276,
0.15336303412914276,
0.526171863079071,
0.46794432401657104,
-0.42670899629592896,
-0.559887707233429,
-0.19060668349266052,
0.07897339016199112,
0.490966796875,
0.08543898165225983,
-0.021642684936523438,
-0.024553488940000534,
-0.0821380615234375,
0.04509582370519638,
-0.08308754116296768,
0.07742676883935928,
-0.157379150390625,
0.12669678032398224,
0.31159669160842896,
0.2541565001010895,
0.0606231689453125,
0.19195556640625,
0.38801270723342896,
0.719775378704071,
0.6598144769668579,
4.264257907867432,
0.185302734375,
0.13747330009937286,
-0.09883423149585724,
-0.23178711533546448,
0.18793639540672302,
0.546142578125,
0.01681060716509819,
0.2624267637729645,
-0.15667724609375,
0.328665167093277,
0.0621795654296875,
-0.22622069716453552,
0.31517332792282104,
-0.05455474928021431,
0.030550384894013405,
0.3577819764614105,
0.16011962294578552,
0.06533737480640411,
0.28306883573532104,
-0.19826050102710724,
0.1518402099609375,
0.23134765028953552,
0.47810059785842896,
0.4287353456020355,
0.15452881157398224,
0.4041992127895355,
0.31000977754592896,
0.571948230266571,
0.03594088554382324,
0.2935424745082855,
-0.36689454317092896,
-0.11414756625890732,
0.28602296113967896,
-0.42326658964157104,
0.22384032607078552,
0.14285048842430115,
0.24046020209789276,
0.13865356147289276,
-0.14588280022144318,
-0.25303953886032104,
-0.27226561307907104,
0.2842651307582855,
0.4075927734375,
0.04683952406048775,
-0.17686767876148224,
-0.13806304335594177,
0.522900402545929,
-0.01040496863424778,
0.157562255859375,
0.5542968511581421,
-0.24454346299171448,
-0.13084372878074646,
-0.141357421875,
0.57373046875,
0.35509032011032104,
-0.028927993029356003,
0.34417724609375,
-0.02404480054974556,
0.33631592988967896,
0.3446594178676605,
0.009332085028290749,
-0.06423339992761612,
-0.18989868462085724,
0.08775024116039276,
0.14892426133155823,
0.22368469834327698,
-0.01132812537252903,
-0.00938262976706028,
0.25815123319625854,
0.619433581829071,
0.22211913764476776,
0.3221801817417145,
-0.2563842833042145,
-0.06828232109546661,
-0.2711547911167145,
-0.03835182264447212,
-0.03007793426513672,
0.410400390625,
-0.010987949557602406,
0.07975311577320099,
-0.20104674994945526,
0.38427734375,
0.37568360567092896,
0.172993466258049,
0.5569823980331421,
0.24324265122413635,
-0.1054534912109375,
0.20001220703125,
-0.026859283447265625,
0.25200194120407104,
-0.09044647216796875,
0.08487854152917862,
-0.20531539618968964,
0.18816527724266052,
0.06065215915441513,
-0.02251892164349556,
-3.950390577316284,
0.4209960997104645,
0.2640380859375,
0.19272461533546448,
0.018855666741728783,
0.09320716559886932,
-0.4259033203125,
0.18761901557445526,
-0.28327637910842896,
0.23615722358226776,
-0.15661315619945526,
-0.08455200493335724,
-0.577587902545929,
0.5746825933456421,
0.31842041015625,
0.1539306640625,
-0.1333465576171875,
0.3294921815395355,
0.512988269329071,
-0.2841552793979645,
0.18949508666992188,
-0.14162902534008026,
0.24254150688648224,
-0.745800793170929,
0.27980345487594604,
0.1279754638671875,
0.19927673041820526,
-0.12635116279125214,
0.051479339599609375,
-0.31287842988967896,
0.04895629733800888,
0.3178344666957855,
0.2707153260707855,
-0.18507079780101776,
0.2924133241176605,
0.4181152284145355,
0.5929199457168579,
0.29240721464157104,
0.4909912049770355,
0.4324951171875,
-0.1044769287109375,
0.21803589165210724,
0.350830078125,
-0.016457367688417435,
-0.14456787705421448,
0.0015022277366369963,
-0.16730956733226776,
0.04382896423339844,
-0.5450683832168579,
-0.28723448514938354,
0.4444824159145355,
0.144500732421875,
-0.3311218321323395,
-0.0054794312454760075,
0.7010253667831421,
-0.2654357850551605,
0.12454681098461151,
-0.1314849853515625,
0.4206298887729645,
0.24126586318016052,
-0.16795960068702698,
-0.004872131161391735,
0.2572265565395355,
0.183502197265625,
0.3038391172885895,
0.11277274787425995,
-0.0615386962890625,
0.3388305604457855,
0.251708984375,
-0.4059554934501648,
0.21433410048484802,
-0.03951721265912056,
0.31340330839157104,
-0.10582275688648224,
0.2662597596645355,
-0.17964477837085724,
-0.1538040190935135,
-0.03316774219274521,
0.16813354194164276,
0.166371151804924,
-0.2109375,
0.30372315645217896,
-0.22524413466453552,
0.21098022162914276,
2.231640577316284,
0.30401611328125,
2.167285203933716,
-0.19048461318016052,
-0.08123779296875,
0.3092407286167145,
0.22528076171875,
-0.14826050400733948,
-0.10375671088695526,
-0.19398193061351776,
0.20411530137062073,
0.2580505311489105,
0.05209503322839737,
0.4744018614292145,
-0.28389281034469604,
-0.14436951279640198,
0.3555541932582855,
-0.884033203125,
-0.20699119567871094,
-0.42854005098342896,
0.191619873046875,
0.01690673828125,
-0.22716979682445526,
0.3824829161167145,
0.18568114936351776,
-0.3122314512729645,
-0.17330169677734375,
0.00963735580444336,
0.008586120791733265,
-0.181172177195549,
-0.17963866889476776,
-0.17458800971508026,
0.4233642518520355,
0.1923568695783615,
0.30524903535842896,
0.4253173768520355,
-0.03512001037597656,
4.649218559265137,
0.20249633491039276,
0.010787892155349255,
0.059519194066524506,
0.03777008131146431,
0.03760375827550888,
-0.056087493896484375,
-0.10158996284008026,
0.3186401426792145,
-0.23645630478858948,
0.32817381620407104,
-0.1420333832502365,
-0.08894653618335724,
0.1021217331290245,
0.21772460639476776,
0.09801483154296875,
0.15675048530101776,
0.33837890625,
0.3497558534145355,
0.22145386040210724,
0.283599853515625,
-0.07666168361902237,
-0.1807098388671875,
-0.346435546875,
-0.02882690355181694,
0.31049805879592896,
-0.083429716527462,
-0.3188232481479645,
-0.03409576416015625,
0.08371429145336151,
0.08332805335521698,
5.458984375,
0.02351684495806694,
0.043750762939453125,
-0.25902098417282104,
0.182891845703125,
0.28190916776657104,
-0.2620300352573395,
-0.22978515923023224,
0.18827514350414276,
-0.07297992706298828,
-0.17310352623462677,
0.3048339784145355,
0.025283431634306908,
0.34241944551467896,
0.46638184785842896,
0.19791564345359802,
-0.277496337890625,
0.02002716064453125,
0.28349608182907104,
0.02172374725341797,
0.4042724668979645,
-0.07956238090991974,
0.18412475287914276,
-0.38872069120407104,
-0.49321287870407104,
0.13796386122703552,
-0.200469970703125,
0.263214111328125,
0.11317367851734161,
0.18779906630516052,
0.22803954780101776,
0.11569519340991974,
0.26355284452438354,
0.10652923583984375,
-0.14028319716453552,
0.09326477348804474,
0.0955352783203125,
-0.25628662109375,
0.2887329161167145,
-0.043923188000917435,
0.20390014350414276,
0.37891846895217896,
-0.15447998046875,
0.030965423211455345,
-0.23516845703125,
-0.39056396484375,
-0.036208152770996094,
-0.25303953886032104,
0.18799743056297302,
0.1217041015625,
0.09881591796875,
-0.3585205078125,
0.7891601324081421,
0.3752075135707855,
0.3537353575229645,
0.15635375678539276,
-0.24365539848804474,
-0.2298736572265625,
0.15068359673023224,
-0.10866622626781464,
0.48479002714157104,
0.14472046494483948,
-0.25678712129592896,
0.5301758050918579,
0.2666015625,
0.4784179627895355,
0.18403014540672302,
0.051949311047792435,
0.12592391669750214,
-0.16234436631202698,
0.04603881761431694,
0.06299591064453125,
0.25535887479782104,
0.35795897245407104,
-0.2570953369140625,
0.33240967988967896,
0.32261961698532104,
-0.146473690867424,
0.03150329738855362,
0.165751650929451,
-0.186767578125,
-0.3854736387729645,
-0.3871826231479645,
0.06894226372241974,
0.1086883544921875,
0.0009490966913290322,
-0.07449951022863388,
-0.35578614473342896,
0.18532104790210724,
-0.08467940986156464,
0.16978149116039276,
-0.3356079161167145,
-0.2876830995082855,
0.756518542766571,
0.14435729384422302,
0.029444122686982155,
0.2616512179374695,
0.42707520723342896,
-0.0731605514883995,
-0.07638855278491974,
-0.25403136014938354,
0.14398498833179474,
0.2543090879917145,
-0.007671451661735773,
0.26093751192092896,
-0.061048127710819244,
0.1986953765153885,
0.0075210570357739925,
0.3714599609375,
-0.012442159466445446,
0.4129882752895355,
0.42463380098342896,
0.236328125,
-0.11655044555664062,
-0.16936035454273224
] |
77 | How long is a general apprenticeship in terms of years? | [
{
"docid": "162619#20",
"text": "Apprenticeship with a length of 3 or 4 years are the most common ones. The certificate awarded after successfully completing a 3 or 4-year apprenticeship is called \"Certificat Fédérale de Capacité\" (), \"Eidgenössisches Fähigkeitszeugnis\" (EFZ) or \"Attestato federale di capacità\" (AFC).",
"title": "Apprenticeship"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "26275633#0",
"text": "In the mid 1950s the Pye factory in Haig Road (now Elizabeth Way), Cambridge employed around 100 young men participating in electrical or mechanical five-year apprenticeships. The apprentices generally started at age 16 with some passes at “O” level General Certificate of Education and were indentured to the company. The indenture took the form of a formal written agreement signed by both the apprentice and the company and bound the apprentice to work for the company for a full five years without leaving their employment or going on strike. The company on its part undertook to pay the apprentice and provide both work experience and college education for as long as the apprentice continued passing annual examinations. Failure in the examinations resulted in the apprentice having to work full-time with only the work experience content of the agreement until completion of the five years.",
"title": "Engineering Apprenticeships at Pye of Cambridge Ltd"
},
{
"docid": "162619#25",
"text": "The first laws regarding apprenticeships were passed in 1851. From 1919, young people had to take 150 hours of theory and general lessons in their subject a year. This minimum training time rose to 360 hours a year in 1961, then 400 in 1986.",
"title": "Apprenticeship"
},
{
"docid": "585146#21",
"text": "A law on vocational training in February 1984 established employment contracts for six months for further training on the job while taking courses. These included the contrats de qualification, the contrats d’adaptation, ranging from 6 to 24 months, and a 3 to 6-month programme known as the stages d’initiation a la vie professionnelle, which was designed to familiarise young people with factory and firm. A 1983 law on apprenticeships laid down the principle that apprenticeship is a method of giving young workers having completed schooling a general theoretical and practical training, for the purpose of acquiring professional qualifications leading to technology diplomas. The law laid down a number of general rules on apprenticeship. Training is organised on the basis of alternation, part in industry, and part in the\napprenticeship centre, while a contractual relationship must be created between the apprentice and the employer, by means of an apprenticeship contract. A higher education law of 1983 restored democratic representation on university councils and granted the universities greater autonomy and more power to conduct research and to make contacts with industry.",
"title": "Pierre Mauroy"
},
{
"docid": "2141282#5",
"text": "In addition to day and weeklong education programs, the Museum supports about 60 apprentices at a time for longer-term, paid, hands-on experience. Apprentices age between 13 and 18, and generally work 200 hours through the school year, and 400 hours in the summer. They learn design, fabrication, and teaching skills, which they put to work developing and teaching exhibitions and projects. Apprenticeship alumni include Jennifer Oxley (Emmy Award-winning children's TV creator), Emily Oster (Economist), and Joshua Revkin (Star World Champion sailor).",
"title": "Eli Whitney Museum"
},
{
"docid": "162619#52",
"text": "Apprenticeships have a long tradition in the United Kingdom, dating back to around the 12th century and flourishing by the 14th century. The parents or guardians of a minor would agree with a master craftsman or tradesman the conditions for an apprenticeship. This contract would then bind the youth for 5–9 years (e.g., from age 14 to 21). Apprentice's families would sometimes pay a \"premium\" or fee to the craftsman and the contract would usually be recorded in a written indenture. Modern apprenticeships range from craft to high status in professional practice in engineering, law, accounting, architecture, management consulting, and others.",
"title": "Apprenticeship"
},
{
"docid": "15071395#5",
"text": "SERC also runs a range of Apprenticeships and Higher Level Apprenticeships. An Apprenticeship is a work based learning programme funded by the Department for the Economy (DfE), it is designed for 16-24 year olds, contracted to work a minimum of 21 hours per week. You will get paid by your employer and the training is free. \nHigher Level Apprenticeships (HLA) is an apprentice you earn while you learn and receive other benefits too. HLAs are a great alternative to university – many offer training up to degree level, a salary and the opportunity to start moving your career forward. To undertake a HLA you much be over 18 years old and hold a Level 3 qualification such as A levels, BTEC or OCR, NVQ Level 3 or an Advanced Apprenticeship. You may also need to have gained up to five GCSEs grade A* to C including English and Maths and you need to show you have the ability to complete the programme which takes between 1 – 3 years.",
"title": "South Eastern Regional College"
},
{
"docid": "162619#32",
"text": "After graduation from school at the age of fifteen to nineteen (depending on type of school), students start an apprenticeship in their chosen professions. Realschule and Gymnasium graduates usually have better chances for being accepted as an apprentice for sophisticated craft professions or apprenticeships in white-collar jobs in finance or administration. An apprenticeship takes between 2.5 and 3.5 years. Originally, at the beginning of the 20th century, less than 1% of German students attended the Gymnasium (the 8–9 year university-preparatory school) to obtain the Abitur graduation which was the only way to university back then. In the 1950s still only 5% of German youngsters entered university and in 1960 only 6% did. Due to the risen social wealth and the increased demand for academic professionals in Germany, about 24% of the youngsters entered college/university in 2000. Of those, who did not enter university many started an apprenticeship. The apprenticeships usually end a person's education by age 18–20, but also older apprentices are accepted by the employers under certain conditions. This is frequently the case for immigrants from countries without a compatible professional training system.",
"title": "Apprenticeship"
},
{
"docid": "162619#19",
"text": "Apprenticeships with a length of 2 years are for persons with weaker school results. The certificate awarded after successfully completing a 2-year apprenticeship is called \"Eidgenössisches Berufsattest\" (EBA) in German and \"Certificato federale di formazione pratica\" (CFP) in Italian.",
"title": "Apprenticeship"
},
{
"docid": "2319437#11",
"text": "Permanent employees below step 10 in their grade normally earn step increases after serving a prescribed period of service in at least a satisfactory manner. The normal progression is 52 weeks (one year) between steps 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4, then 104 weeks (two years) between steps 4–5, 5–6, and 6–7, and finally 156 weeks (three years) between steps 7–8, 8–9, and 9–10. However, an employee can be rewarded for outstanding work performance via a \"quality step increase\" (\"QSI\"), which advances the employee one step within grade regardless of time at the previous step. (When a QSI is awarded, the date of the QSI becomes the starting date for the next step increase, which (if future step increases are awarded on the normal progression) will shorten the overall time for an employee to reach the final step within a grade.)",
"title": "General Schedule (US civil service pay scale)"
}
] | [
-0.19071578979492188,
0.07538700103759766,
0.06605815887451172,
0.1364898681640625,
-0.15463733673095703,
0.0721731185913086,
0.332427978515625,
-0.3670654296875,
0.05936145782470703,
0.017150044441223145,
-0.4733390808105469,
-0.13364934921264648,
-0.06460833549499512,
-0.22121810913085938,
-0.01616954803466797,
0.1447467803955078,
0.16490936279296875,
-0.18701648712158203,
-0.234100341796875,
0.09157943725585938,
0.015653938055038452,
0.327667236328125,
-0.06219738721847534,
0.483856201171875,
-0.23730087280273438,
0.20269203186035156,
-0.27037668228149414,
0.1801910400390625,
-0.036243438720703125,
0.44202423095703125,
0.31021881103515625,
-0.10011768341064453,
0.01682579517364502,
0.3826751708984375,
-0.42348480224609375,
0.21372604370117188,
0.25121498107910156,
0.5840911865234375,
0.05157136917114258,
0.40099334716796875,
0.17122745513916016,
0.28301239013671875,
0.2228832244873047,
0.004685521125793457,
0.45623016357421875,
0.02328014373779297,
-0.03312027454376221,
0.021150588989257812,
-0.1754913330078125,
-0.11715126037597656,
-0.2552452087402344,
0.032516300678253174,
-0.003563404083251953,
-0.012540817260742188,
-0.840179443359375,
0.41863393783569336,
-0.5997161865234375,
0.38300323486328125,
-0.12902593612670898,
-0.3001823425292969,
0.27649688720703125,
0.16481781005859375,
-0.19553637504577637,
-0.0331568717956543,
0.16952133178710938,
0.4450836181640625,
-0.01557016372680664,
0.24266433715820312,
-0.2847023010253906,
0.2756195068359375,
-0.0297544002532959,
0.22888946533203125,
0.4236602783203125,
0.359283447265625,
0.10000991821289062,
0.24466323852539062,
0.006261348724365234,
0.21967411041259766,
0.391510009765625,
-0.2975597381591797,
-0.04714155197143555,
-0.025621533393859863,
-0.08020424842834473,
-0.10606861114501953,
-0.26302337646484375,
0.4599761962890625,
0.09923839569091797,
0.06976795196533203,
0.2297515869140625,
0.258392333984375,
0.14340972900390625,
0.1779937744140625,
-0.0814657211303711,
0.2798652648925781,
0.1511850357055664,
0.09768962860107422,
0.33397674560546875,
-0.09692001342773438,
0.14941191673278809,
-0.38836669921875,
-0.05934715270996094,
-0.2084503173828125,
-0.269134521484375,
0.66021728515625,
0.004305839538574219,
-0.24218368530273438,
-0.465850830078125,
0.21418190002441406,
0.6391754150390625,
0.1037740707397461,
-0.20245361328125,
0.11532193422317505,
0.4875335693359375,
0.07376766204833984,
0.716888427734375,
0.11612129211425781,
0.2612595558166504,
-0.24866485595703125,
-0.2870063781738281,
-0.96185302734375,
0.1880779266357422,
0.10896587371826172,
-0.26059722900390625,
-0.2878391742706299,
0.06944656372070312,
-0.22980880737304688,
0.5982513427734375,
-0.10524177551269531,
0.688232421875,
0.5469512939453125,
-0.2618255615234375,
0.654052734375,
0.3922271728515625,
0.51214599609375,
0.143096923828125,
0.4012451171875,
0.3180389404296875,
-0.1696624755859375,
0.042888641357421875,
-0.4527130126953125,
-0.0330500602722168,
-0.4521331787109375,
0.3861045837402344,
0.76226806640625,
0.1780834197998047,
-0.11617660522460938,
0.04948091506958008,
0.3418159484863281,
-0.09178352355957031,
0.2576179504394531,
0.702362060546875,
0.08910799026489258,
-0.16560077667236328,
0.6749420166015625,
0.32923126220703125,
0.19130849838256836,
0.1990060806274414,
0.14518094062805176,
0.08543014526367188,
0.3078479766845703,
0.7039947509765625,
0.21869277954101562,
0.23176956176757812,
0.16597867012023926,
-0.11159229278564453,
0.380706787109375,
-0.31566429138183594,
0.531005859375,
0.639495849609375,
0.050560176372528076,
-0.27044677734375,
-0.2263031005859375,
0.18135321140289307,
-0.3599090576171875,
0.1223459243774414,
0.29645538330078125,
-0.509373664855957,
-0.11084556579589844,
0.705108642578125,
-0.20442867279052734,
0.09227895736694336,
-0.07009005546569824,
0.056980133056640625,
-0.1284503936767578,
0.434539794921875,
0.14854812622070312,
0.25397491455078125,
-0.09421730041503906,
-0.4361419677734375,
0.08751201629638672,
0.11558103561401367,
0.029632925987243652,
0.5436134338378906,
-0.04100990295410156,
-0.1672992706298828,
0.15218544006347656,
-0.44554901123046875,
0.4272918701171875,
0.1564788818359375,
0.1263580322265625,
-0.13587427139282227,
0.27715110778808594,
-0.4935150146484375,
0.40728759765625,
0.24091720581054688,
-0.23189198970794678,
0.09379234910011292,
0.5024986267089844,
-0.23952865600585938,
-0.212066650390625,
0.3121604919433594,
0.09960651397705078,
0.2050762176513672,
-0.014922142028808594,
-0.25276947021484375,
0.06620454788208008,
0.06799805164337158,
-0.3409385681152344,
0.43442821502685547,
-0.005187034606933594,
-0.3648252487182617,
-0.014279842376708984,
-0.06450843811035156,
0.007660567760467529,
0.31732940673828125,
-0.3889007568359375,
-0.11344623565673828,
-0.867218017578125,
0.14650535583496094,
0.38427734375,
0.028716325759887695,
-0.49582672119140625,
0.28060150146484375,
-0.39972686767578125,
0.4090423583984375,
0.30267333984375,
-0.0043065547943115234,
-0.12185287475585938,
0.331939697265625,
-0.34702301025390625,
0.253265380859375,
0.1845412254333496,
0.025668859481811523,
-0.43035125732421875,
0.37701416015625,
-0.09849929809570312,
0.6346282958984375,
0.10428619384765625,
-0.3242073059082031,
0.0346837043762207,
0.11207294464111328,
-0.3898506164550781,
-0.09135675430297852,
0.29927825927734375,
0.1746053695678711,
0.27555084228515625,
0.21921920776367188,
-0.21993255615234375,
-0.14322996139526367,
-0.08141088485717773,
0.6768951416015625,
0.34584808349609375,
0.2535724639892578,
0.16309452056884766,
-0.2147393822669983,
-0.18987655639648438,
0.29680633544921875,
0.3659515380859375,
-0.40532684326171875,
0.14925062656402588,
0.850189208984375,
-0.4701194763183594,
0.24797439575195312,
0.3717079162597656,
-0.28826141357421875,
-0.19745635986328125,
0.2146620750427246,
-0.037392616271972656,
-0.2730255126953125,
0.2265033721923828,
0.16298961639404297,
-0.030505657196044922,
-0.12933921813964844,
0.0036510825157165527,
0.3566017150878906,
0.3542060852050781,
-0.4889373779296875,
0.05167388916015625,
-0.26122283935546875,
0.15601277351379395,
0.4959869384765625,
0.5033416748046875,
0.015973329544067383,
-0.6294631958007812,
0.08183994889259338,
0.1905517578125,
-0.0995030403137207,
-0.239715576171875,
0.603912353515625,
-0.1724720001220703,
0.45909690856933594,
-0.2700538635253906,
0.5623779296875,
0.07377880811691284,
0.3076171875,
-0.03452020883560181,
-0.11489713191986084,
-0.027602076530456543,
-0.4844207763671875,
0.33606719970703125,
0.3005485534667969,
-0.08196020126342773,
-0.23031091690063477,
0.3157196044921875,
0.42177581787109375,
0.23264503479003906,
0.1526775360107422,
-0.2904996871948242,
0.07603859901428223,
0.18550491333007812,
-0.393075168132782,
-0.029119491577148438,
-0.3382415771484375,
0.011471524834632874,
0.45013427734375,
-0.17460203170776367,
0.4080810546875,
-0.3713226318359375,
0.31494140625,
0.07422637939453125,
0.15254592895507812,
0.47562408447265625,
-0.44869232177734375,
-0.4546775817871094,
0.044873714447021484,
0.3526763916015625,
-0.3426809310913086,
0.2842540740966797,
-0.17839932441711426,
-0.3799285888671875,
0.34466552734375,
0.07957744598388672,
-0.0329359769821167,
0.4029541015625,
-0.05891430377960205,
0.023693084716796875,
-0.09987640380859375,
0.638458251953125,
0.5573883056640625,
-0.2598724365234375,
0.3948230743408203,
0.15949344635009766,
-0.17534923553466797,
-0.09386946260929108,
0.10453677177429199,
-0.15464305877685547,
0.1343555450439453,
0.5208282470703125,
0.35544586181640625,
-0.18666458129882812,
-0.021852493286132812,
0.451629638671875,
-0.025096893310546875,
0.14415264129638672,
0.41217041015625,
0.5200653076171875,
-0.1490459442138672,
-0.2882652282714844,
0.19895553588867188,
0.05105257034301758,
-0.20700287818908691,
-0.07006454467773438,
0.1657853126525879,
0.24584197998046875,
-0.21401596069335938,
-0.3677978515625,
0.38034629821777344,
0.35123109817504883,
0.508544921875,
0.2110157012939453,
0.10874199867248535,
0.4671783447265625,
-0.09395432472229004,
0.08309268951416016,
0.09058284759521484,
-0.041343867778778076,
-0.533599853515625,
0.0906982421875,
0.44960784912109375,
0.10577583312988281,
-0.23199462890625,
0.14777469635009766,
-0.17671704292297363,
-0.19460225105285645,
0.12198066711425781,
-0.14435195922851562,
-0.1132965087890625,
0.26430511474609375,
0.16255950927734375,
-0.05411720275878906,
-0.21419811248779297,
0.320587158203125,
0.21285247802734375,
0.26398468017578125,
4.219970703125,
0.00537264347076416,
-0.07698869705200195,
0.14467716217041016,
0.1783599853515625,
0.07772350311279297,
0.37494659423828125,
-0.32440185546875,
0.17519569396972656,
-0.2170867919921875,
-0.09316489100456238,
0.16098880767822266,
0.20772361755371094,
0.41736602783203125,
0.012162268161773682,
0.03177833557128906,
0.1963924765586853,
0.06744003295898438,
0.19120216369628906,
0.373077392578125,
-0.3233184814453125,
0.7361907958984375,
0.328094482421875,
0.08848607540130615,
0.686431884765625,
0.07073605060577393,
0.21235275268554688,
0.41703224182128906,
-0.10138130187988281,
0.277740478515625,
0.5363922119140625,
0.21721649169921875,
0.2527904510498047,
0.07945966720581055,
-0.579559326171875,
-0.10935688018798828,
0.2812156677246094,
-0.038541555404663086,
0.312835693359375,
-0.030321121215820312,
-0.17865753173828125,
0.05089092254638672,
0.795867919921875,
0.468994140625,
0.08387374877929688,
0.22990286350250244,
0.05406975746154785,
0.24376678466796875,
0.45655059814453125,
0.09220218658447266,
0.16522908210754395,
0.13249874114990234,
0.201568603515625,
-0.03909420967102051,
0.1381974220275879,
0.42279052734375,
0.09895539283752441,
0.507232666015625,
0.1218252182006836,
-0.029358386993408203,
-0.17009925842285156,
-0.33797454833984375,
0.14661026000976562,
-0.041944026947021484,
-0.403289794921875,
-0.06546205282211304,
-0.07967758178710938,
0.139312744140625,
0.058718204498291016,
-0.43703460693359375,
0.801605224609375,
0.430145263671875,
0.17192840576171875,
-0.20461177825927734,
0.16408967971801758,
-0.06624269485473633,
-0.05629539489746094,
0.09439992904663086,
-0.21502304077148438,
0.02857828140258789,
-0.18896484375,
-0.3132781982421875,
-0.17037558555603027,
-0.1632075309753418,
0.4357147216796875,
0.62066650390625,
-0.04922294616699219,
0.2536888122558594,
0.41412353515625,
-0.03860116004943848,
0.4014892578125,
0.2227771282196045,
0.027722597122192383,
0.0029238462448120117,
0.304168701171875,
0.12679290771484375,
0.29825592041015625,
-4.0552978515625,
-0.10766410827636719,
-0.09773921966552734,
-0.06953763961791992,
0.09306097030639648,
-0.2944507598876953,
0.06162452697753906,
0.18153762817382812,
-0.254547119140625,
0.09508514404296875,
0.015946388244628906,
0.15386724472045898,
-0.41656494140625,
0.19768524169921875,
0.22689437866210938,
0.049881160259246826,
-0.10335731506347656,
0.030431389808654785,
0.3159065246582031,
-0.22531509399414062,
0.21914291381835938,
-0.046596527099609375,
0.6107330322265625,
-0.2778434753417969,
0.4707794189453125,
0.19924068450927734,
-0.059721946716308594,
-0.34344482421875,
0.37082672119140625,
0.2422637939453125,
-0.009501218795776367,
0.3603172302246094,
0.2462310791015625,
-0.19275283813476562,
-0.358367919921875,
0.607421875,
0.12813186645507812,
-0.23137283325195312,
0.3805694580078125,
0.5337677001953125,
-0.18468093872070312,
0.09217023849487305,
0.1571192741394043,
0.033782958984375,
0.013457775115966797,
0.19297122955322266,
-0.24085235595703125,
0.07332825660705566,
-0.12435340881347656,
-0.3578834533691406,
0.49442291259765625,
0.30496978759765625,
-0.20454788208007812,
-0.11575698852539062,
0.6983642578125,
-0.18034934997558594,
0.380706787109375,
-0.06391727924346924,
0.4451751708984375,
0.34391021728515625,
0.30986785888671875,
-0.23387908935546875,
-0.03981481492519379,
-0.17945003509521484,
0.14641904830932617,
-0.2137603759765625,
-0.19356727600097656,
0.472015380859375,
0.45690155029296875,
-0.3159761428833008,
0.5030059814453125,
-0.13905096054077148,
0.12550926208496094,
-0.3902931213378906,
0.02703547477722168,
0.5931854248046875,
-0.18090033531188965,
-0.00661313533782959,
0.32599639892578125,
-0.023443222045898438,
-0.022783279418945312,
-0.13802242279052734,
-0.463836669921875,
0.41863059997558594,
2.4710693359375,
0.381683349609375,
2.2957763671875,
0.38939666748046875,
0.008796215057373047,
0.2984619140625,
-0.08407974243164062,
0.11428976058959961,
0.13080406188964844,
-0.1972203254699707,
0.08915328979492188,
0.1570911407470703,
-0.2342076301574707,
0.30487060546875,
0.13845348358154297,
-0.08342552185058594,
0.3336334228515625,
-1.124908447265625,
0.3669281005859375,
0.1589183807373047,
0.44781494140625,
0.6790924072265625,
0.13056182861328125,
0.13272714614868164,
-0.03471064567565918,
0.1776275634765625,
-0.1658029556274414,
-0.2261810302734375,
-0.06495451927185059,
0.4414558410644531,
-0.3095703125,
0.028969764709472656,
0.0871744155883789,
0.0027205944061279297,
0.0298917293548584,
0.13327407836914062,
-0.1170353889465332,
4.6220703125,
0.13484764099121094,
-0.1999969482421875,
-0.06744527816772461,
0.2082977294921875,
0.34942626953125,
0.33673095703125,
-0.02310013771057129,
-0.33203125,
-0.00043582916259765625,
0.2700958251953125,
0.904632568359375,
-0.02184930443763733,
0.09497380256652832,
0.04288530349731445,
0.6940460205078125,
0.2287750244140625,
0.07730293273925781,
0.023936033248901367,
-0.04246172308921814,
0.3318309783935547,
0.0896596908569336,
-0.09748268127441406,
0.1602039337158203,
-0.10824966430664062,
-0.016731560230255127,
0.23274993896484375,
-0.3532524108886719,
0.00863027572631836,
0.14770221710205078,
0.012781262397766113,
5.37109375,
0.09895351529121399,
0.2461090087890625,
-0.08162689208984375,
0.17761516571044922,
0.274017333984375,
-0.2277984619140625,
-0.03221869468688965,
-0.23726654052734375,
0.012763142585754395,
-0.3130645751953125,
-0.18534088134765625,
-0.3569221496582031,
0.3269381523132324,
-0.22155380249023438,
0.3802833557128906,
-0.2157745361328125,
-0.06806659698486328,
0.37316131591796875,
0.010727524757385254,
0.25028133392333984,
0.08516800403594971,
0.406005859375,
-0.828094482421875,
0.16791915893554688,
-0.04208183288574219,
0.19540786743164062,
-0.07946351170539856,
-0.05475330352783203,
0.10411190986633301,
0.5089569091796875,
0.12410593032836914,
-0.06066322326660156,
0.22307968139648438,
-0.0041484832763671875,
0.29357147216796875,
0.2769432067871094,
0.12257814407348633,
-0.22951126098632812,
0.199676513671875,
0.13762855529785156,
0.3931427001953125,
-0.3392143249511719,
0.27654075622558594,
-0.630279541015625,
-0.11713409423828125,
-0.1412944793701172,
-0.1903553009033203,
0.1181344985961914,
0.4014739990234375,
0.1785411834716797,
-0.024916522204875946,
1.0343017578125,
0.1678485870361328,
0.27923583984375,
-0.1248779296875,
-0.19614219665527344,
0.2962684631347656,
0.11036907136440277,
-0.20556402206420898,
0.4070587158203125,
0.20473957061767578,
0.06964516639709473,
0.10939788818359375,
0.1881389617919922,
0.5627899169921875,
0.31348133087158203,
0.11935853958129883,
0.37813568115234375,
-0.11161231994628906,
-0.23161697387695312,
0.1604146957397461,
-0.06098151206970215,
0.04481108486652374,
-0.007477760314941406,
0.24110794067382812,
-0.19692325592041016,
-0.045091986656188965,
-0.10601747035980225,
-0.22248077392578125,
0.18679046630859375,
-0.07464611530303955,
-0.09237957000732422,
0.3779296875,
-0.3229827880859375,
0.32767486572265625,
0.3970222473144531,
-0.3131103515625,
0.0012593269348144531,
-0.09261322021484375,
0.15051984786987305,
-0.15505027770996094,
-0.24523162841796875,
0.11339855194091797,
-0.07928085327148438,
0.21984100341796875,
0.3494229316711426,
0.39644622802734375,
-0.010762929916381836,
0.11839842796325684,
0.2979278564453125,
0.23406028747558594,
-0.01670551300048828,
-0.2150183916091919,
0.2641143798828125,
0.06872844696044922,
0.1153421401977539,
0.3536224365234375,
0.56268310546875,
0.14157867431640625,
0.5226898193359375,
0.5281295776367188,
0.10219526290893555,
0.26165771484375,
-0.0913705825805664
] |
78 | When was Sony Pictures Television established? | [
{
"docid": "719515#0",
"text": "Sony Pictures Television Inc. (or SPT) is an American television production and distribution studio founded in 2002 as the successor to Columbia TriStar Television. Based in Culver City, it is a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures Entertainment and a unit of the Japanese conglomerate Sony.",
"title": "Sony Pictures Television"
},
{
"docid": "719515#4",
"text": "On September 16, 2002, Sony Pictures Entertainment retired the name \"Columbia TriStar\" from television and renamed the American studio as Sony Pictures Television and its international division as Sony Pictures Television International. Some shows continued using the CTDT name, although many stopped using it in November 2002, while \"Hollywood Squares\" continued using it until early 2003.",
"title": "Sony Pictures Television"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "26989#64",
"text": "Sony entered the television and film production market when it acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment in 1989 for $3.4 billion. Columbia lives on in the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of SPE which in turn owns Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures among other film production and distribution companies such as Screen Gems, Sony Pictures Classics, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. SPE's television division is known as Sony Pictures Television.\nFor the first several years of its existence, Sony Pictures Entertainment performed poorly, leading many to suspect the company would sell off the division. Sony Pictures Entertainment encountered controversy in the early 2000s. In July 2000, a marketing executive working for Sony Corporation created a fictitious film critic, David Manning, who gave consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary Columbia Pictures that generally received poor reviews amongst real critics. Sony later pulled the ads, suspended Manning's creator and his supervisor and paid fines to the state of Connecticut and to fans who saw the reviewed films in the US. In 2006 Sony started using ARccOS Protection on some of their film DVDs, but later issued a recall.",
"title": "Sony"
},
{
"docid": "948334#0",
"text": "Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. (abbreviated as CPT) was launched on May 6, 1974 by Columbia Pictures as an American television production and distribution studio. It is the second name of the Columbia Pictures television division Screen Gems (SG). For 26 years, the company was active from 1974 until 2001, when it was folded into Columbia TriStar Television (which is currently known as Sony Pictures Television), a merger between Columbia Pictures Television and TriStar Television. A separate entity of CPT continues to exist on paper as an intellectual property holder, and under the moniker CPT Holdings (the initials standing for Columbia Pictures Television) to hold the copyright for the TV show \"The Young and the Restless\", as well as old incarnations from the company's television library such as \"What's Happening!!\".",
"title": "Columbia Pictures Television"
},
{
"docid": "3087502#7",
"text": "Sony Pictures Releasing is an American film distributor owned by Sony. Established in 1994 as a successor to Triumph Releasing Corporation, the company handles theatrical distribution, marketing and promotion for films produced and released by Sony Pictures Entertainment, including Columbia Pictures, TriStar Pictures, Screen Gems, Sony Pictures Classics, Stage 6 Films, Sony Pictures Animation, Triumph Films, among others. It is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group. It also has an international division called Sony Pictures Releasing International, which from 1991 until 2005 was known as Columbia TriStar Film Distributors International.",
"title": "Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group"
},
{
"docid": "31133306#1",
"text": "Sony Channel was made possible after Sony Pictures Television acquired channel 157 on Sky's EPG, previously owned by Film 24, in November 2010. A one-hour timeshift channel was also available from launch after the purchase of Open Access 3's Sky EPG slot on channel 190. Both Film 24 and Open Access 3 closed on 4 April 2011, to make way for previews of Sony Entertainment Television. On 15 December 2011, Sony Entertainment Television was added to Virgin Media. On 2 April 2012, Sony Entertainment Television +1 moved to Current TV's former Sky EPG slot on channel 183, with channel 190 used to launch Men&Movies +1. On 3 July 2012, Sony Entertainment Television +1 moved to channel 181.\nBT agreed a deal with Sony Pictures Television to offer its Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Retro programming on-demand on BT Vision from 1 March 2010. The move marked Sony Entertainment Television's debut in the UK market, over a year ahead of the launch of the Sony Entertainment Television channel. Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Retro programming also appeared on TalkTalk TV during the YouView platform launch in 2012, but was later removed.",
"title": "Sony Channel (UK and Ireland)"
},
{
"docid": "719515#3",
"text": "SPT's history goes back to 1947, when Pioneer Telefilms was founded by Ralph Cohn, whose father Jack and uncle Harry co-founded Columbia Pictures. Pioneer was bought by Columbia and renamed in November 1948, reincorporated as Columbia Pictures Television on May 6, 1974,\nand merged with sister studio TriStar Television (formed in 1986 and relaunched in 1991) to form Columbia TriStar Television on February 21, 1994.",
"title": "Sony Pictures Television"
},
{
"docid": "719515#10",
"text": "On January 14, 2009, SPT acquired Embassy Row, a television and digital production company by British television producer Michael Davies. Fourteen days later, SPTI acquired a 50% stake in Colombian independent TV production company Teleset. Three months later on April 1, Sony Pictures Entertainment consolidated its US and international television divisions under one roof. Sony Pictures Television International now operates in-name-only.",
"title": "Sony Pictures Television"
},
{
"docid": "719515#17",
"text": "On May 28, 2015, TriStar Television was re-launched as a boutique production label for Sony Pictures Television. The revived studio will be run by Suzanne Patmore-Gibbs after being in-name-only for 15 years. The first new series will be \"The Good Girls Revolt\" and is set to be piloted for Amazon. On September 28, 2015, Steve Mosko was promoted to chairman of SPT. He held the position as president of the television studio since 2000 when it was known as Columbia TriStar Television.",
"title": "Sony Pictures Television"
},
{
"docid": "939909#7",
"text": "Sony has since created numerous other film production and distribution units, such as creating Sony Pictures Classics for art-house fare, by forming Columbia TriStar Pictures (also known as the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group) by merging Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures in 1998, revitalizing Columbia's former television division Screen Gems. It expanded its operations on April 8, 2005, when a Sony-led consortium acquired the legendary Hollywood studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, in a US$4.8 billion leveraged buyout, through the holding company MGM Holdings Inc.",
"title": "Sony Pictures"
},
{
"docid": "948334#7",
"text": "On November 8, 1989, Sony Corporation bought Columbia Pictures Entertainment for $3.4 billion and the next day, Sony acquired the Guber-Peters Entertainment Company (formerly game show production company Barris Industries with the library of game shows including \"The Newlywed Game\", \"The Dating Game\" and \"The Gong Show\") for $200 million after hiring film producers Peter Guber and Jon Peters to run the company. On November 5, 1990, CPE folded its first-run syndication unit Guber-Peters Television into Columbia Pictures Television Distribution. On August 7, 1991, CPE changed its name to Sony Pictures Entertainment and TriStar Television was relaunched on October 10. Throughout the 1990s the studio launched such successful shows as \"Beakman's World\" on TLC and CBS in 1992, \"Mad About You\" on NBC in 1992, \"Ricki Lakes talk show in syndication which lasted 11 years, \"The Nanny\" on CBS in 1993, \"Party of Five\" on FOX, \"NewsRadio\" on NBC, \"Malcolm & Eddie\" on UPN in 1996, and the short-lived cult animated series \"The Critic\" on ABC and FOX in 1994. One of the most successful by far was \"Seinfeld\", a Castle Rock Entertainment production which Columbia distributed in off-net syndication years later. On August 21, 1992, Columbia's subsidiary CAT Holdings, Inc. (Columbia Act III Television) and Franklin/Waterman Entertainment created a joint venture called Franklin/Waterman 2. On December 7, 1992, Sony Pictures acquired the Barry & Enright Productions game show library. On May 10, 1993, CPT and MCA TV formed their barter divisions. CPT's barter division was called Columbia Pictures Television Advertising Sales\"' (a.k.a. \"Columbia Television Advertising Sales\"). The sales division handled series by TriStar Television and Merv Griffin Enterprises; as well as off-net series by Castle Rock Entertainment, HBO Independent Productions, and Brillstein-Grey Entertainment. CPT used other companies such as Group W Productions for \"Beakman's World\", MTV's One World Entertainment for \"Married... with Children\", and Tribune Entertainment for \"Designing Women\".",
"title": "Columbia Pictures Television"
}
] | [
0.17226409912109375,
0.11607827246189117,
-0.5685763955116272,
0.11656909435987473,
-0.1121690571308136,
-0.2917073667049408,
0.5272623896598816,
-0.31805419921875,
0.1468132883310318,
0.3749186098575592,
-0.5371229648590088,
0.012440999038517475,
-0.5074055790901184,
0.3391248881816864,
-0.1937323659658432,
-0.07916259765625,
0.3766818642616272,
0.1798163503408432,
0.05589358136057854,
0.3148871660232544,
0.1070404052734375,
0.4131266176700592,
-0.3051893413066864,
0.1210004985332489,
0.01693216897547245,
-0.3777804970741272,
-0.1137441024184227,
0.4095865786075592,
0.3200954794883728,
0.3103434145450592,
0.4034559428691864,
-0.02853902243077755,
-0.0562964528799057,
0.4419487714767456,
-0.5881890058517456,
0.1840752512216568,
0.1620958149433136,
0.1954973042011261,
0.1041514053940773,
0.3612467348575592,
-0.0602552630007267,
0.2104424387216568,
0.0673489049077034,
0.0926089808344841,
0.5659722089767456,
0.3567572832107544,
0.0884263813495636,
0.1464335173368454,
-0.01581456884741783,
0.2727186381816864,
-0.12394799292087555,
0.2711995542049408,
-0.0996500626206398,
-0.0594329833984375,
-0.7458767294883728,
0.8088650107383728,
0.0275709368288517,
0.0687594935297966,
-0.0636155903339386,
0.0940144881606102,
0.3153890073299408,
-0.11167102307081223,
-0.1251559853553772,
0.0189353097230196,
0.4381239116191864,
0.4644639790058136,
-0.0054300096817314625,
0.03441460803151131,
0.0449964739382267,
0.3279486894607544,
-0.06582853198051453,
0.2131822407245636,
0.2818061113357544,
-0.2013142853975296,
-0.19085438549518585,
-0.2275661826133728,
-0.2384304404258728,
0.6045193076133728,
0.2821723222732544,
-0.28717041015625,
0.5136176347732544,
-0.2095065712928772,
-0.1409098356962204,
0.226806640625,
0.2965087890625,
0.2242431640625,
0.0113974679261446,
0.1550699919462204,
0.4515787661075592,
0.47998046875,
-0.3096517026424408,
0.1154819056391716,
0.0446217842400074,
-0.1725396066904068,
0.2994791567325592,
0.06460404396057129,
0.1772800087928772,
-0.476806640625,
-0.08700752258300781,
-0.0293392613530159,
-0.3717719316482544,
-0.2832302451133728,
-0.2483249306678772,
0.3962131142616272,
0.1612413227558136,
-0.5076497197151184,
-0.4788275957107544,
0.0723741352558136,
0.2400241494178772,
0.3647732138633728,
0.2777642011642456,
-0.3457166850566864,
0.042849645018577576,
-0.3049384355545044,
0.1818169504404068,
0.5164387822151184,
0.15531498193740845,
-0.09477710723876953,
-0.4624837338924408,
-0.8554145097732544,
0.4439290463924408,
0.4377170205116272,
-0.2491590678691864,
0.062427256256341934,
-0.4610188901424408,
0.0206180140376091,
0.3546820878982544,
-0.2069498747587204,
0.6178928017616272,
0.535888671875,
-0.28759765625,
0.1416761577129364,
0.2298244833946228,
0.5407172441482544,
0.4806315004825592,
0.2354058176279068,
0.1755303293466568,
0.1617228239774704,
-0.14844173192977905,
-0.3121269941329956,
-0.0383673757314682,
0.3656412661075592,
-0.11931271106004715,
0.8504502773284912,
-0.05516846850514412,
0.3467610776424408,
-0.05885230004787445,
0.3145480751991272,
0.002613491378724575,
0.02612982876598835,
0.5563151240348816,
0.4078911542892456,
0.1905110627412796,
0.4220920205116272,
0.1634097695350647,
-0.01594034768640995,
0.5499403476715088,
0.337646484375,
0.3511284589767456,
-0.08220842480659485,
0.6593424677848816,
0.3418375551700592,
0.2014109343290329,
-0.0861663818359375,
0.2622477114200592,
-0.14736853539943695,
0.0017022027168422937,
0.2532958984375,
0.4162055253982544,
-0.4029676616191864,
-0.6414387822151184,
0.1884494423866272,
0.2497965544462204,
-0.3300510048866272,
0.059447817504405975,
0.2623155415058136,
-0.2230156809091568,
0.0380537249147892,
0.3631998598575592,
0.11648644506931305,
0.3299018144607544,
0.1054619699716568,
0.1893853098154068,
0.2411634624004364,
0.641845703125,
0.1373257040977478,
-0.010218302719295025,
-0.0568169504404068,
-0.10670047253370285,
0.09407763928174973,
0.1176690012216568,
0.1302812397480011,
0.3703206479549408,
0.11175622045993805,
-0.05912187322974205,
0.2951253354549408,
-0.0010104709072038531,
0.0855475515127182,
-0.1404876708984375,
0.5113661289215088,
-0.0216810442507267,
0.12038029730319977,
-0.2915852963924408,
0.2381591796875,
0.2505696713924408,
-0.2925347089767456,
-0.1649915874004364,
-0.0811869278550148,
-0.3614773154258728,
0.185302734375,
0.00751410610973835,
0.05873510614037514,
0.1980387419462204,
0.2995012104511261,
-0.2692192792892456,
0.3504503071308136,
0.13832895457744598,
0.0650160014629364,
0.3110792338848114,
0.01158820278942585,
-0.172119140625,
0.6110297441482544,
-0.0664469376206398,
-0.1511467844247818,
0.2768283486366272,
-0.008356306701898575,
-0.0018022325821220875,
-0.5048285722732544,
0.028869416564702988,
0.3270128071308136,
0.12049950659275055,
-0.06338533014059067,
0.0748426616191864,
-0.4384765625,
0.2900661826133728,
0.2469482421875,
0.5575358271598816,
-0.1447109580039978,
0.0486365407705307,
-0.0640530064702034,
0.3598361611366272,
-0.1798231303691864,
-0.2824842631816864,
-0.1269599050283432,
0.3122422993183136,
-0.5144721269607544,
0.3096144497394562,
-0.3604600727558136,
-0.2722574770450592,
0.2055257111787796,
0.2603556215763092,
-0.01579962857067585,
0.0817582905292511,
0.3830024003982544,
-0.2679104208946228,
0.2476942241191864,
0.1226620152592659,
0.07725270837545395,
-0.0286398995667696,
0.1932169646024704,
0.2655843198299408,
-0.4837375283241272,
0.4981011152267456,
0.5667588710784912,
-0.0779215469956398,
0.03851572796702385,
0.3203396201133728,
0.4411892294883728,
-0.3264702558517456,
-0.0499860979616642,
0.5412326455116272,
-0.1112264022231102,
-0.02028571255505085,
0.2412923127412796,
-0.054628267884254456,
0.1409640908241272,
0.1996646523475647,
0.2241533100605011,
-0.3304036557674408,
0.5111762285232544,
-0.04118432104587555,
-0.1219923198223114,
0.07519515603780746,
0.3497992753982544,
0.097259521484375,
-0.1260853260755539,
-0.2871907651424408,
-0.2749532163143158,
-0.3998752236366272,
-0.099700927734375,
0.0379282645881176,
0.3849283754825592,
-0.2275865375995636,
0.0907084122300148,
0.2495184987783432,
-0.0325724296271801,
0.1467929482460022,
-0.1547783762216568,
0.0967864990234375,
-0.12746980786323547,
0.5717502236366272,
-0.3324517011642456,
0.2760857343673706,
0.310546875,
0.1608208566904068,
-0.3421495258808136,
-0.185791015625,
0.05066882073879242,
-0.1437174528837204,
0.2518039345741272,
0.4909600019454956,
-0.7198350429534912,
-0.1294386088848114,
0.4128146767616272,
0.3475206196308136,
0.7335069179534912,
0.27063798904418945,
-0.08245849609375,
0.1105821430683136,
0.2336968332529068,
0.1211344376206398,
-0.3019477128982544,
-0.3888075053691864,
0.1465521901845932,
0.04635363817214966,
-0.5060356855392456,
0.0628797709941864,
-0.1606953889131546,
0.4990234375,
0.055191993713378906,
0.4562852680683136,
0.0975477397441864,
-0.3528238832950592,
-0.01236809603869915,
-0.1818644255399704,
0.08714379370212555,
-0.2879909873008728,
0.3635118305683136,
0.7318251132965088,
0.1784108430147171,
-0.1458062082529068,
0.0361311174929142,
-0.0938245952129364,
0.4769422709941864,
-0.1062961146235466,
-0.0485059954226017,
-0.21050092577934265,
-0.07792451977729797,
0.2150471955537796,
-0.04472944512963295,
0.2464531809091568,
0.3227267861366272,
-0.1102532297372818,
0.1829494833946228,
0.2920464277267456,
0.0688391774892807,
-0.0746917724609375,
-0.0818447545170784,
0.4134114682674408,
-0.24755859375,
0.1182318776845932,
0.5495063066482544,
0.3882378339767456,
-0.014139811508357525,
0.2996690571308136,
-0.0476125068962574,
-0.1701083779335022,
0.388671875,
0.3460828959941864,
0.4232177734375,
0.3074408769607544,
-0.0619472935795784,
0.0704481303691864,
0.2719455361366272,
-0.1497056782245636,
-0.1800333708524704,
-0.2655843198299408,
0.5754123330116272,
0.5751953125,
0.06213800236582756,
0.3179185688495636,
0.5408257246017456,
0.2249077707529068,
0.025635190308094025,
-0.1194118931889534,
-0.1640557199716568,
-0.304290771484375,
-0.3794623613357544,
0.06407758593559265,
0.2584567666053772,
0.0765397846698761,
-0.0093858502805233,
-0.1709476113319397,
0.1785888671875,
-0.3185526430606842,
-0.2267930805683136,
0.0519883893430233,
0.3466864824295044,
0.1051652729511261,
0.06829198449850082,
-0.0822652205824852,
0.516845703125,
0.3792317807674408,
0.6716037392616272,
4.263454914093018,
0.1024542897939682,
-0.058205921202898026,
-0.3736436665058136,
-0.4518500566482544,
-0.0458848737180233,
0.5756293535232544,
-0.0670335590839386,
-0.04713016003370285,
-0.2464464008808136,
0.0352020263671875,
0.0976477712392807,
0.1523912250995636,
0.3262532651424408,
0.1106838658452034,
-0.07779312133789062,
0.1577216237783432,
0.1812269389629364,
0.3514268696308136,
0.4005533754825592,
-0.6052788496017456,
0.3401421308517456,
0.13458251953125,
0.2657809853553772,
0.7583550214767456,
-0.1386379599571228,
0.7612847089767456,
0.2389594167470932,
0.16790771484375,
0.2749294638633728,
0.3714464008808136,
-0.047821469604969025,
0.2371419221162796,
-0.048663243651390076,
-0.7919379472732544,
0.2841661274433136,
-0.05632442981004715,
0.4171278178691864,
0.198974609375,
0.0453152135014534,
-0.1399875283241272,
0.3075493574142456,
0.8854709267616272,
0.4206271767616272,
-0.0258822962641716,
-0.2322540283203125,
-0.38134765625,
0.4699978232383728,
0.2158677875995636,
-0.3241509199142456,
0.2847629189491272,
-0.2027655690908432,
-0.1853841096162796,
-0.1497327983379364,
0.2366265207529068,
0.5950520634651184,
0.0978105366230011,
0.0801323801279068,
0.1103956401348114,
-0.080810546875,
-0.1148105189204216,
0.1095326766371727,
-0.0566524937748909,
-0.05632103979587555,
-0.02091132290661335,
-0.014980739913880825,
-0.1338568776845932,
0.3113742470741272,
-0.0049692788161337376,
0.2905748188495636,
0.5198296308517456,
0.5081651210784912,
0.48095703125,
-0.1864895224571228,
0.4909125566482544,
-0.3365071713924408,
-0.1493089497089386,
0.00018988715601153672,
-0.1953125,
0.2929551899433136,
0.0349968820810318,
-0.1918809711933136,
0.0931532084941864,
0.5642903447151184,
0.011768553406000137,
0.522216796875,
0.2943322956562042,
-0.2379557341337204,
0.6636826992034912,
-0.15784962475299835,
0.1256239116191864,
0.3709343671798706,
0.1842380166053772,
0.0059814453125,
0.4386664628982544,
0.22872288525104523,
-0.2028435617685318,
-3.9609375,
0.01506169606000185,
0.0855509415268898,
0.280029296875,
-0.0186004638671875,
-0.1189710795879364,
0.1757676899433136,
-0.1280326247215271,
-0.2160101979970932,
-0.1396382600069046,
-0.3626878559589386,
0.0375044085085392,
-0.2257080078125,
0.2484080046415329,
0.0415361188352108,
0.1658460795879364,
0.4800075888633728,
0.1364474892616272,
0.4417860209941864,
-0.225067138671875,
0.2682461142539978,
0.3317328691482544,
0.6495768427848816,
0.0535956472158432,
-0.2529296875,
0.2275729775428772,
0.3204481303691864,
0.01567957177758217,
-0.3321397602558136,
0.1214430034160614,
0.2190433144569397,
0.2627495527267456,
0.4388020932674408,
-0.00193023681640625,
0.27392578125,
-0.02043999545276165,
0.21547062695026398,
0.09884855151176453,
0.3273383378982544,
0.1066538468003273,
-0.1386989951133728,
0.1373511403799057,
0.3639594316482544,
0.0550825335085392,
-0.1530829519033432,
0.2204047292470932,
-0.5224880576133728,
0.2184872031211853,
-0.2341579794883728,
0.0714789479970932,
0.2786186933517456,
0.1038174107670784,
-0.0766465961933136,
-0.02436065673828125,
0.4012586772441864,
-0.3710666298866272,
0.6024034023284912,
-0.0364549420773983,
0.4158799946308136,
0.2601996660232544,
0.2285088449716568,
-0.2955457866191864,
0.1620551198720932,
-0.12677001953125,
0.20177438855171204,
-0.1339314728975296,
0.3630235493183136,
0.4952256977558136,
0.5081651210784912,
-0.5544297695159912,
0.7594401240348816,
0.1599561870098114,
0.2540012001991272,
-0.2857937216758728,
-0.1250881552696228,
0.1963229775428772,
-0.1012318953871727,
-0.1755031943321228,
0.2297024130821228,
0.0426856130361557,
-0.1211615651845932,
-0.5136447548866272,
-0.4040798544883728,
0.5874837040901184,
2.1123046875,
0.1895073801279068,
2.2265625,
0.54736328125,
-0.1741349995136261,
0.1769239604473114,
0.0179731585085392,
-0.2326236367225647,
0.1959703266620636,
0.1663869172334671,
0.17202335596084595,
0.09050253033638,
0.4086642861366272,
0.2782168984413147,
0.04281701147556305,
0.09324607253074646,
0.3464897871017456,
-1.3887803554534912,
0.1052992045879364,
-0.0624643974006176,
0.4578179121017456,
0.1366950124502182,
-0.0810818150639534,
0.04742431640625,
0.005917019210755825,
-0.3221164345741272,
0.03104315884411335,
-0.3252359926700592,
0.2675272524356842,
-0.3475341796875,
-0.1026746928691864,
0.050614673644304276,
0.4287651777267456,
0.0266893170773983,
0.2974175214767456,
0.4155544638633728,
0.03990427777171135,
4.706597328186035,
0.4561225175857544,
0.1539679616689682,
-0.1993882954120636,
0.2929416298866272,
-0.007870144210755825,
0.4794107973575592,
0.15844938158988953,
0.1444362998008728,
0.2589111328125,
0.1077914759516716,
0.3766072690486908,
-0.2942165732383728,
0.2650417685508728,
0.3763834536075592,
0.0857560932636261,
0.2848849892616272,
0.06093533709645271,
0.5284016728401184,
-0.0441487617790699,
0.4970703125,
0.2421196848154068,
0.3554958701133728,
-0.1458926796913147,
0.1458943635225296,
-0.03652360662817955,
-0.0669826939702034,
-0.2437879741191864,
0.0010863409843295813,
0.2752007246017456,
0.2052815705537796,
5.388454914093018,
-0.007510715164244175,
-0.0879177525639534,
-0.1201494038105011,
-0.3388129472732544,
0.0222320556640625,
-0.3398166298866272,
0.3119845986366272,
-0.3904893696308136,
-0.1939019113779068,
-0.2591688334941864,
0.4745822548866272,
-0.5029025673866272,
0.5211859941482544,
0.11352411657571793,
0.3695746660232544,
-0.1646525114774704,
-0.1437106728553772,
0.4401313066482544,
-0.06555260717868805,
0.5274522304534912,
-0.1215616837143898,
0.1491071879863739,
-0.4420030415058136,
-0.4632297158241272,
-0.0041512381285429,
-0.0012885199394077063,
0.0965932235121727,
0.08226606249809265,
0.2427571564912796,
0.5189073085784912,
0.2025078684091568,
0.2098795622587204,
-0.1470879465341568,
0.318084716796875,
0.0513916015625,
-0.0113211739808321,
-0.013674736022949219,
0.015824636444449425,
0.0645751953125,
0.2892252504825592,
0.1243218332529068,
-0.0961846262216568,
-0.2755330502986908,
0.1170586496591568,
-0.1085764542222023,
-0.2770589292049408,
-0.1687113493680954,
0.0927785262465477,
0.039767052978277206,
0.6512587070465088,
-0.1231892928481102,
1.0260416269302368,
0.2988145649433136,
0.054010286927223206,
0.1309611052274704,
-0.2243550568819046,
-0.1593715399503708,
-0.1893174946308136,
-0.1826714426279068,
0.3390434980392456,
0.0653211772441864,
0.07602691650390625,
0.10687679797410965,
0.4718153178691864,
0.2148980051279068,
-0.1556498259305954,
-0.2050306499004364,
0.7564561367034912,
-0.3019883930683136,
-0.0922495499253273,
-0.1359456330537796,
0.0368364118039608,
-0.03692203015089035,
-0.1341823935508728,
0.1706271767616272,
0.5254448652267456,
-0.2492540180683136,
-0.2175564169883728,
0.0538821741938591,
-0.1272311806678772,
-0.1511400043964386,
-0.3141004741191864,
0.06121571734547615,
-0.3114149272441864,
-0.5335286259651184,
-0.2764960527420044,
0.06315697729587555,
0.4381917417049408,
0.1301947683095932,
0.0938720703125,
-0.3250732421875,
-0.13473933935165405,
0.6474338173866272,
0.3973863422870636,
0.1101345494389534,
0.6200900673866272,
0.1585557758808136,
-0.1803826242685318,
-0.04225582629442215,
-0.2393527626991272,
0.1985287070274353,
-0.3777669370174408,
0.1326361745595932,
0.1044701486825943,
-0.1526150107383728,
-0.0071470472030341625,
0.02477010153234005,
-0.0133344866335392,
-0.055320315062999725,
0.4814453125,
0.3655666708946228,
-0.1958346962928772,
-0.1605767160654068,
-0.1510009765625
] |
80 | Who wrote Frankenstein? | [
{
"docid": "40659421#0",
"text": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein is a 2007 book written and published by John Lauritsen, in which the author argues that the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, not his wife Mary Shelley, is the real author of \"Frankenstein\" (1818), that the novel \"has consistently been underrated and misinterpreted\", and that its dominant theme is \"male love\". Lauritsen maintains that handwriting cannot be used to determine the actual author of \"Frankenstein\". His work received positive reviews in gay publications. However, some commentators in other publications rejected Lauritsen's views and supported the conventional view that \"Frankenstein\" was written by Mary Shelley.",
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "40659421#5",
"text": "\"The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein\" was praised by the critic Camille Paglia, who wrote in \"Salon\" that \"Lauritsen assembles an overwhelming case that Mary Shelley, as a badly educated teenager, could not possibly have written the soaring prose of 'Frankenstein' ... and that the so-called manuscript in her hand is simply one example of the clerical work she did for many writers as a copyist.\" Paglia compared Lauritsen's work to that of the critic Leslie Fiedler, concluding that, \"This is a funny, wonderful, revelatory book that I hope will inspire ambitious graduate students and young faculty to strike blows for truth in our mired profession, paralyzed by convention and fear.\"",
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein"
},
{
"docid": "40659421#1",
"text": "Lauritsen argues that Percy Bysshe Shelley, not his wife Mary Shelley, is the real author of \"Frankenstein\" (1818), that the book \"has consistently been underrated and misinterpreted\", and that its dominant theme is \"male love\" or homoeroticism. Lauritsen criticizes feminists for constructing \"a Mary Shelley myth, according to which she was a major literary figure, one whose genius had been overshadowed - not only by her husband, but also by the other \"male\" Romantics: Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats.\" According to Lauritsen, Percy Bysshe Shelley did not want his authorship of \"Frankenstein\" to be known to the public, and for unknown reasons decided to attribute authorship to Mary Shelley, thus helping to begin a \"hoax\" that has persisted up to the present. Lauritsen maintains that revisions to \"Frankenstein\" made in 1823 and 1831 weakened the work, and that while it was ostensibly Mary Shelley who revised \"Frankenstein\" into its 1831 form, it may primarily have been revised by the political philosopher William Godwin.",
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein"
},
{
"docid": "40659421#9",
"text": "Kennedy wrote that Lauritsen was \"unafraid to go against accepted opinion and the entrenched literary establishment\" and that his work was \"intriguing and very readable\", based on a careful review of the relevant evidence, and a welcome contribution to literature on the subject. He endorsed Lauritsen's argument that the quality of \"Frankenstein\" is inconsistent with that of works known to have been written by Mary Shelley, suggesting that the work was not by her, and also credited Lauritsen with refuting the argument that the fact that the surviving parts of the original manuscript of \"Frankenstein\" are in Mary Shelley's handwriting shows that the work must have been composed by her. He found Lauritsen's view that the novel's theme is \"male love\" persuasive, and predicted that it would appeal to gay men. However, he also predicted that while Lauritsen's thesis that Percy Bysshe Shelley is the real author of \"Frankenstein\" might be accepted by readers with no vested interest in the issue, it would be \"vehemently rejected out of hand\" by the \"literary establishment\".",
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein"
},
{
"docid": "73375#13",
"text": "Screenwriter Robert Florey wrote a treatment entitled \"The New Adventures of Frankenstein — The Monster Lives!\", but it was rejected without comment early in 1932. Universal staff writer Tom Reed wrote a treatment under the title \"The Return of Frankenstein\", a title retained until filming began. Following its acceptance in 1933, Reed wrote a full script that was submitted to the Hays office for review. The script passed its review, but Whale, who by then had been contracted to direct, complained that \"it stinks to heaven\". L. G. Blochman and Philip MacDonald were the next writers assigned, but Whale also found their work unsatisfactory. In 1934, Whale set John L. Balderston to work on yet another version, and it was he who returned to an incident from the novel in which the creature demands a mate. In the novel Frankenstein creates a mate, but destroys it without bringing it to life. Balderston also created the Mary Shelley prologue. After several months Whale was still not satisfied with Balderston's work and handed the project to playwright William J. Hurlbut and Edmund Pearson. The final script, combining elements of a number of these versions, was submitted for Hays office review in November 1934. Kim Newman reports that Whale planned to make Elizabeth the heart donor for the bride, but film historian Scott MacQueen states that Whale never had such an intention.",
"title": "Bride of Frankenstein"
},
{
"docid": "40659421#8",
"text": "Herrick commended Lauritsen for presenting a large amount of evidence, and found much of that evidence persuasive, including the difference in quality between \"Frankenstein\" and works such as \"Valperga\" and \"The Last Man\", as well as that between the original and revised editions of \"Frankenstein\" itself, and Mary Shelley's lack of interest in the themes of Percy Bysshe Shelley's work. Herrick credited Lauritsen with carefully examining the \"extra-textual evidence\", and agreed with him that the fact that the original manuscript of \"Frankstein\" is in Mary Shelley's handwriting does not show that she composed the work. However, while he agreed with Lauritsen that Percy Bysshe Shelley had homoerotic feelings and deep friendships for men and that \"Frankenstein\" \"contains potential homosexual relationships\", he disagreed with Lauristen's view that \"Frankenstein\" was primarily written for gay men.",
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein"
},
{
"docid": "40659421#6",
"text": "The feminist Germaine Greer dismissed Lauritsen's thesis in \"The Guardian\", writing that while he argues that Mary Shelley was not well educated enough to have written \"Frankenstein\", his argument fails because \"it is not a good, let alone a great novel and hardly merits the attention it has been given.\" Lauritsen replied that \"Frankenstein\" \"is a radical and disturbing work, containing some of the most beautiful prose in the English language ... a profound and moving masterpiece, fully worthy of its author, Percy Bysshe Shelley.\"",
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein"
},
{
"docid": "8097759#12",
"text": "In 2004 Dost wrote the surreal and tragicomic book \"Mensch Frankenstein\". The fantastic, mystical novel is the story of an honest, belligerent human creature born in a subway in the San Francisco, who is arrested and made to fit in with the rules of the predominant form of society; he receives a character mask and then a sculpted plastic body armour and rises to become a successful monster in the world of politics and industry. Self-revelation, the love of a courageous woman and the encounter with a mystic in Zurich save \"Frankenstein the Man\" and allow the natural true being to re-emerge. The US Administration sentences the creature, whom it regards as a danger to the state, and disposes of it in a branch of Guantánamo.",
"title": "Bernd Dost"
},
{
"docid": "15896216#12",
"text": "Green wrote and directed segment \"The Diary of Anne Frankenstein\" as part of the 2011 comedy/horror anthology \"Chillerama\", which consists of four short films by four different filmmakers. The parody \"Anne Frankenstein\" is shot in black and white and made entirely in German to look and feel like a lost 1940's foreign film. While Green cast authentic German speaking actors for all roles, the lead role of Adolf Hitler is portrayed by Joel David Moore, who does not know how to speak German and purposely fakes his way through the film by using a combination of gibberish and random words thrown to him by Green, such as \"Boba Fett\", \"OshKosh B'Gosh\" and \"Goldie Hawn\". Kane Hodder portrays the film's hero Meshugannah – a Hassidic Jewish take on the classic Frankenstein Monster, who ultimately turns against his master and kills him.",
"title": "Adam Green (filmmaker)"
},
{
"docid": "73488#35",
"text": "Though it is unrelated to the Universal series, the later \"Frankenstein 1970\" has the scientist Frankenstein, here played by Karloff, animate the Monster using a nuclear reactor.Although Frankenstein's hunchbacked assistant is often referred to as \"Igor\" in descriptions of the films, he is not so called in the earliest films. In both \"Frankenstein\" and \"Bride of Frankenstein\", Frankenstein has an assistant who is played both times by Dwight Frye who is crippled. In the original 1931 film the character is named \"Fritz\" who is hunchbacked and walks with the aid of a small cane. Fritz did not originate from the \"Frankenstein\" novel, and instead originated from the earliest recorded play adaptation, \"Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein\", where he was played by Robert Keeley.",
"title": "Frankenstein (1931 film)"
}
] | [
0.4836832582950592,
0.4676513671875,
0.02438863180577755,
0.1299235075712204,
0.1036275252699852,
0.0457763671875,
0.4264729917049408,
-0.3420816957950592,
0.3199259340763092,
0.2986043393611908,
-0.1343994140625,
-0.3180948793888092,
-0.2867228090763092,
-0.2230428010225296,
-0.014616747386753559,
0.06799443811178207,
0.3022867739200592,
0.0997823104262352,
0.0404052734375,
0.1537373811006546,
-0.2173258513212204,
0.3052164614200592,
0.13988494873046875,
0.12230237573385239,
-0.08838987350463867,
0.30499267578125,
-0.1761576384305954,
0.01163482666015625,
-0.198028564453125,
0.5577799677848816,
0.6316731572151184,
-0.1634318083524704,
0.08758290857076645,
0.4464518129825592,
-0.441650390625,
0.3247477114200592,
0.2221476286649704,
-0.1296590119600296,
-0.2125752717256546,
0.3583984375,
0.10380808264017105,
0.23388671875,
0.3590494692325592,
0.0859476700425148,
0.3741048276424408,
0.1731465607881546,
0.2756754457950592,
-0.2171223908662796,
-0.0292536411434412,
-0.1716105192899704,
-0.11349805444478989,
-0.4434814453125,
-0.1868489533662796,
-0.183807373046875,
-0.4382731020450592,
0.165252685546875,
-0.1904296875,
0.1874186247587204,
-0.1007588729262352,
-0.1021931990981102,
0.1305643767118454,
0.1478271484375,
-0.136688232421875,
-0.24017333984375,
-0.0554758720099926,
0.2876180112361908,
-0.030293146148324013,
0.09037526696920395,
0.5481770634651184,
0.12392807006835938,
0.013415019027888775,
0.4111328125,
0.4312744140625,
-0.024554571136832237,
-0.2783609926700592,
-0.0790761336684227,
-0.10586325079202652,
0.3878580629825592,
0.2663370668888092,
0.06562646478414536,
0.5625,
-0.3594156801700592,
0.1223958358168602,
0.1485799103975296,
-0.3261311948299408,
0.544189453125,
-0.1740824431180954,
0.10274505615234375,
0.0064595541916787624,
0.32415771484375,
-0.1227060928940773,
0.1525014191865921,
-0.0668487548828125,
-0.12003326416015625,
-0.03650156781077385,
0.3905029296875,
0.2537027895450592,
0.022375741973519325,
-0.024247804656624794,
-0.4726155698299408,
0.0992228165268898,
-0.3000691831111908,
-0.033477783203125,
0.334869384765625,
0.437255859375,
-0.3141275942325592,
-0.296875,
0.20391845703125,
0.3404744565486908,
0.23956298828125,
0.4068196713924408,
-0.1987101286649704,
-0.2223714143037796,
-0.0644632950425148,
0.0400187186896801,
-0.0458933524787426,
0.6075439453125,
-0.312255859375,
-0.0414937324821949,
-0.6900227665901184,
0.5378825068473816,
0.3604329526424408,
-0.3233235776424408,
0.07623545080423355,
0.2832845151424408,
-0.1197052001953125,
0.5407307744026184,
-0.1051025390625,
0.7168782353401184,
-0.03767569735646248,
0.28466796875,
0.1907450407743454,
0.5191243290901184,
0.736083984375,
0.5023600459098816,
0.2993570864200592,
0.0958150252699852,
-0.11127853393554688,
-0.2104085236787796,
-0.1487681120634079,
-0.0405171699821949,
-0.4286702573299408,
0.2104949951171875,
0.5206298828125,
-0.2817586362361908,
0.402587890625,
0.1580098420381546,
0.2061360627412796,
-0.08877118676900864,
0.1115519180893898,
0.1715443879365921,
0.3683268129825592,
-0.187774658203125,
0.713623046875,
0.01622517965734005,
0.5688069462776184,
-0.05457305908203125,
0.219757080078125,
-0.46044921875,
-0.00286865234375,
0.7718098759651184,
0.4217529296875,
0.002447446109727025,
-0.1270243376493454,
0.1059672012925148,
0.1948343962430954,
0.06827449798583984,
0.0617523193359375,
0.5616047978401184,
-0.1092376708984375,
-0.2543131411075592,
0.4331461489200592,
0.2073567658662796,
-0.3700154721736908,
0.17071533203125,
0.2768351137638092,
-0.1497802734375,
0.2591145932674408,
0.08558400720357895,
0.3277689516544342,
0.0848897323012352,
-0.010164896957576275,
0.2342631071805954,
0.1296742707490921,
0.5244547724723816,
0.3574625551700592,
0.1162618026137352,
-0.5387776494026184,
-0.1607767790555954,
0.1662495881319046,
0.06156666949391365,
0.01834615133702755,
0.376953125,
0.1557515412569046,
-0.0490671806037426,
0.0643463134765625,
0.0424143485724926,
0.26190185546875,
-0.175048828125,
0.4567464292049408,
-0.1668802946805954,
0.3058878481388092,
-0.4043782651424408,
0.1129862442612648,
0.1810099333524704,
-0.32891845703125,
0.0935465469956398,
-0.04151471331715584,
-0.406982421875,
0.0978800430893898,
0.2189127653837204,
0.0098787946626544,
0.082794189453125,
0.2010294646024704,
-0.00782012939453125,
0.3827311098575592,
-0.23590087890625,
0.01102447509765625,
0.5676676630973816,
-0.0194218959659338,
-0.2319742888212204,
0.4500732421875,
-0.1929524689912796,
-0.4718017578125,
-0.03052520751953125,
0.01702880859375,
-0.2780354917049408,
-0.1265207976102829,
0.04488881304860115,
0.10659027099609375,
0.7444661259651184,
-0.14825439453125,
-0.1877848356962204,
-0.2481435090303421,
-0.1350352019071579,
0.227508544921875,
0.4015299379825592,
-0.1660970002412796,
-0.04461892321705818,
0.23492431640625,
0.351318359375,
0.3130086362361908,
-0.32183837890625,
0.1907450407743454,
0.3047078549861908,
-0.10265668481588364,
0.3128458559513092,
-0.08533954620361328,
-0.01123809814453125,
-0.1843058317899704,
0.2959391176700592,
-0.2503662109375,
0.0033594768028706312,
0.0955454483628273,
-0.3081461489200592,
-0.1696268767118454,
0.025801340118050575,
0.103424072265625,
0.0043233237229287624,
0.021067937836050987,
0.345703125,
0.2828165590763092,
0.3359171450138092,
0.3723958432674408,
-0.2797648012638092,
-0.004885037895292044,
-0.2826944887638092,
0.558837890625,
-0.0929361954331398,
0.5039876103401184,
0.8917643427848816,
-0.3724772036075592,
0.045581817626953125,
0.2255655974149704,
-0.420654296875,
-0.1945699006319046,
0.2343953400850296,
0.1393534392118454,
-0.4613037109375,
-0.3631184995174408,
0.10352762788534164,
0.16088740527629852,
-0.2623291015625,
-0.0793711319565773,
0.0628509521484375,
0.2945149838924408,
0.06746164709329605,
-0.023406982421875,
-0.2593587338924408,
0.007335662841796875,
0.3101399838924408,
0.4656982421875,
-0.2355753630399704,
-0.4079183042049408,
0.125030517578125,
0.1002604141831398,
0.017210006713867188,
-0.202850341796875,
0.1697642058134079,
-0.07377243041992188,
0.5700276494026184,
-0.36669921875,
0.0332132987678051,
0.6631672978401184,
0.0185572300106287,
-0.23468017578125,
-0.2515665590763092,
-0.06280517578125,
-0.2698872983455658,
0.4165852963924408,
-0.13383419811725616,
-0.3661702573299408,
0.06263860315084457,
0.3746541440486908,
0.17936961352825165,
0.4055989682674408,
0.14849853515625,
0.1219278946518898,
0.5108235478401184,
0.25347900390625,
0.3527425229549408,
-0.4171549379825592,
-0.2943318784236908,
-0.34844970703125,
0.3312174379825592,
-0.4938456118106842,
-0.0331064872443676,
-0.2860921323299408,
0.6319987177848816,
-0.04497528076171875,
0.8243815302848816,
0.056262969970703125,
0.2578531801700592,
0.1183624267578125,
-0.1751302033662796,
0.23236083984375,
0.2115275114774704,
-0.039923351258039474,
-0.3815511167049408,
0.14215087890625,
0.0062700905837118626,
-0.24859619140625,
0.012678146362304688,
0.3231404721736908,
-0.2218526154756546,
0.1237589493393898,
0.4005533754825592,
0.06331634521484375,
0.30023193359375,
-0.1347452849149704,
0.2444864958524704,
0.013103485107421875,
0.0364990234375,
0.009507179260253906,
0.0577392578125,
0.3529256284236908,
0.3799234926700592,
0.0490620918571949,
0.3369140625,
-0.2681783139705658,
0.3296305239200592,
0.15460205078125,
0.4972330629825592,
0.047362010926008224,
0.2101847380399704,
-0.0794169083237648,
-0.008397419936954975,
0.11528778076171875,
0.0583394356071949,
0.29022216796875,
-0.0521087646484375,
0.1955159455537796,
-0.3028157651424408,
0.1852315217256546,
-0.13752491772174835,
-0.143157958984375,
-0.1048024520277977,
0.3775227963924408,
0.4176025390625,
0.495849609375,
0.1990966796875,
0.5386555790901184,
0.2205098420381546,
0.10515594482421875,
-0.3744303286075592,
-0.1466318815946579,
0.14407794177532196,
-0.1296895295381546,
0.2090250700712204,
-0.06454721838235855,
-0.2626953125,
-0.07314300537109375,
-0.1920115202665329,
-0.0535837821662426,
-0.1838480681180954,
-0.1138203963637352,
0.1304575651884079,
0.2309773713350296,
-0.04540824890136719,
-0.0820261612534523,
-0.024646759033203125,
0.2736409604549408,
0.5207112431526184,
0.2375895231962204,
4.169921875,
0.082611083984375,
0.4729817807674408,
-0.5391438603401184,
0.1526896208524704,
0.2210693359375,
0.4212239682674408,
-0.1970011442899704,
0.01670328713953495,
0.0051930746994912624,
0.0453084297478199,
0.2317301481962204,
0.041259765625,
0.2392679899930954,
-0.1953328400850296,
0.4335530698299408,
0.2981109619140625,
0.1810353547334671,
-0.1254119873046875,
0.11988576501607895,
-0.3242594301700592,
0.5821126103401184,
0.2693074643611908,
0.1723429411649704,
0.3892008364200592,
-0.0600128173828125,
-0.1710917204618454,
-0.09834671020507812,
0.1309795379638672,
0.2424519807100296,
0.19049072265625,
-0.07443109899759293,
0.0903828963637352,
0.254302978515625,
-0.7300618290901184,
0.051388900727033615,
0.2726033627986908,
0.21875,
0.1301422119140625,
0.07024987787008286,
-0.2688191831111908,
-0.07996273040771484,
0.2415568083524704,
0.6017252802848816,
0.3688150942325592,
-0.4483235776424408,
0.26055908203125,
0.6331380009651184,
0.3219400942325592,
0.2018025666475296,
-0.0236536655575037,
-0.2971394956111908,
0.042479198426008224,
-0.1025644913315773,
0.4625650942325592,
0.4962565004825592,
0.0446319580078125,
0.4054768979549408,
-0.01481135655194521,
-0.2154541015625,
0.02613321878015995,
-0.0356292724609375,
-0.11501026153564453,
0.2160847932100296,
-0.1868896484375,
0.2462565153837204,
-0.03266843035817146,
0.4302164614200592,
0.07993348687887192,
-0.02701822854578495,
0.23590087890625,
0.38787841796875,
0.3150634765625,
-0.121307373046875,
0.08495839685201645,
-0.180694580078125,
-0.0517476387321949,
-0.1040547713637352,
0.0779266357421875,
-0.117828369140625,
0.3033243715763092,
-0.2160237580537796,
0.14965438842773438,
0.2896932065486908,
0.1785990446805954,
0.3745523989200592,
0.1700185090303421,
-0.0403798408806324,
0.28955078125,
0.03739166259765625,
0.09595108032226562,
0.03910629078745842,
0.051105499267578125,
-0.0936279296875,
0.3586832582950592,
0.4132486879825592,
0.13079833984375,
-4.037109375,
0.421630859375,
0.28973388671875,
0.30224609375,
0.1919759064912796,
-0.009691238403320312,
-0.020147958770394325,
0.4849039614200592,
-0.3564859926700592,
0.0358632393181324,
-0.4868570864200592,
-0.1762898713350296,
-0.1832783967256546,
0.6266276240348816,
0.32177734375,
0.12629222869873047,
0.3699951171875,
0.00810368824750185,
0.0568033866584301,
-0.1676533967256546,
0.1294352263212204,
-0.2513427734375,
0.4170328676700592,
-0.2064717561006546,
0.4324747622013092,
-0.33868408203125,
0.3282877504825592,
-0.23468017578125,
0.1559244841337204,
0.1039377823472023,
-0.2114969938993454,
-0.08920160681009293,
0.79248046875,
-0.33447265625,
0.11083094030618668,
0.23321533203125,
0.18194580078125,
0.07141748815774918,
0.2612101137638092,
0.3490804135799408,
-0.3141886293888092,
0.2855631411075592,
0.3483072817325592,
-0.01971944235265255,
0.311279296875,
0.2873738706111908,
-0.3475341796875,
-0.01113764476031065,
0.09194310754537582,
0.25653076171875,
0.3139444887638092,
0.3967691957950592,
-0.138458251953125,
-0.0355122871696949,
0.4494222104549408,
-0.12570445239543915,
-0.0637308731675148,
-0.1979471892118454,
0.6116536259651184,
0.336181640625,
-0.059380531311035156,
0.02214845083653927,
0.20447540283203125,
0.10167694091796875,
0.218658447265625,
0.1284840852022171,
0.3234456479549408,
0.2923990786075592,
0.5188395380973816,
-0.37738037109375,
0.32080078125,
0.0256805419921875,
0.17254638671875,
-0.1711171418428421,
0.1484578400850296,
0.4724934995174408,
-0.09259668737649918,
-0.22308349609375,
0.4271240234375,
0.12627284228801727,
-0.3310953676700592,
0.2157389372587204,
-0.5631510615348816,
0.0947163924574852,
2.5328776836395264,
0.1446431428194046,
2.2483723163604736,
0.2057902067899704,
0.3896891176700592,
0.462158203125,
-0.2559407651424408,
0.4611409604549408,
-0.17071533203125,
-0.2941487729549408,
-0.10608164221048355,
0.2247873991727829,
0.162689208984375,
-0.1495819091796875,
0.10984039306640625,
-0.0770161971449852,
0.3123779296875,
-0.7355549931526184,
-0.1464792937040329,
-0.4124349057674408,
0.354248046875,
-0.1876932829618454,
-0.03678448870778084,
0.2716064453125,
0.11638768762350082,
-0.09300359338521957,
-0.135894775390625,
0.2755940854549408,
0.3333333432674408,
-0.1778564453125,
0.3795979917049408,
0.3094075620174408,
0.06020355224609375,
0.01819610595703125,
0.2525227963924408,
0.021073022857308388,
-0.1119435653090477,
4.709635257720947,
0.03960418701171875,
-0.1881917268037796,
-0.1386210173368454,
0.0339914970099926,
0.2973429262638092,
0.03660329058766365,
-0.08319155126810074,
0.1639506071805954,
0.3223063051700592,
0.5078532099723816,
0.4652506411075592,
0.0971272811293602,
-0.2126057893037796,
0.2273966521024704,
0.149871826171875,
-0.0027834575157612562,
0.10631052404642105,
0.0724233016371727,
0.14113743603229523,
0.2569986879825592,
-0.2542317807674408,
0.3448893129825592,
-0.23406982421875,
-0.238525390625,
0.135040283203125,
-0.2035420686006546,
-0.22186279296875,
-0.08850836753845215,
0.3025919497013092,
0.2740885317325592,
5.485677242279053,
-0.11327489465475082,
0.24420166015625,
-0.3130899965763092,
0.3102213442325592,
0.2856852114200592,
-0.0923411026597023,
-0.3339029848575592,
-0.0352528877556324,
-0.07839711755514145,
0.0356496162712574,
0.4498494565486908,
-0.3940022885799408,
0.4800211489200592,
-0.3023274838924408,
0.27947998046875,
-0.21209716796875,
0.0307490024715662,
-0.2317962646484375,
-0.1600240021944046,
0.4115804135799408,
0.3218790590763092,
0.3887125551700592,
-0.2585652768611908,
-0.19746463000774384,
-0.2032877653837204,
-0.1179097518324852,
0.1068827286362648,
-0.10407257080078125,
-0.0708363875746727,
0.3031819760799408,
0.1658935546875,
-0.2608235776424408,
0.33135986328125,
-0.2464599609375,
0.02624988555908203,
0.4825439453125,
0.13179779052734375,
0.04262034222483635,
-0.1866455078125,
0.3822428286075592,
0.117523193359375,
0.071380615234375,
-0.30816650390625,
0.04073905944824219,
-0.06627019494771957,
0.0069789886474609375,
-0.08665720373392105,
-0.008749325759708881,
0.1510823518037796,
-0.2842203676700592,
0.2912801206111908,
1.0303548574447632,
0.3900553286075592,
0.2930501401424408,
0.3798421323299408,
-0.0267486572265625,
0.160064697265625,
0.0680185928940773,
-0.3900960385799408,
0.6219075322151184,
0.07190322875976562,
-0.11163076013326645,
0.4574788510799408,
0.4918619692325592,
0.450439453125,
0.1450246125459671,
0.0472768135368824,
0.4345703125,
-0.4043782651424408,
0.1854654997587204,
0.24609375,
-0.1163228377699852,
0.1556599885225296,
-0.0728607177734375,
0.0271759033203125,
0.3741455078125,
-0.3159586489200592,
0.1375529021024704,
0.1190032958984375,
-0.1396280974149704,
-0.2052815705537796,
0.04786427691578865,
-0.3807373046875,
0.128631591796875,
-0.02711963653564453,
-0.2025858610868454,
0.2102152556180954,
0.3657633364200592,
0.060326892882585526,
0.4626871645450592,
-0.023431142792105675,
-0.3021036684513092,
0.19181251525878906,
0.1051890030503273,
0.073272705078125,
0.0805155411362648,
0.4119059145450592,
-0.1559906005859375,
0.2441813200712204,
-0.5354817509651184,
0.16168212890625,
0.0677591934800148,
0.05902274325489998,
0.18497593700885773,
-0.1295369416475296,
0.1101328507065773,
-0.0946909561753273,
-0.0120697021484375,
0.17480213940143585,
0.4003499448299408,
0.32708740234375,
0.1215108260512352,
0.06825701147317886,
0.10092926025390625
] |
81 | Who led the writing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? | [
{
"docid": "31899#9",
"text": "The Commission established a special Universal Declaration of Human Rights Drafting Committee, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, to write the articles of the Declaration. The Committee met in two sessions over the course of two years.",
"title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3085490#4",
"text": "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is noted as the first international declaration of fundamental human rights, both freedoms and entitlements alike. United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Navanethem Pillay writes that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights \"enshrines a vision that requires taking all human rights—civil, political, economic, social, or cultural—as an indivisible and organic whole, inseparable and interdependent.\" Likewise, Gruskin et al. contend that the interrelated nature of the rights expressed in the Universal Declaration establishes a \"responsibility [that] extends beyond the provision of essential health services to tackling the determinants of health such as, provision of adequate education, housing, food, and favourable working conditions,\" further stating that these provisions \"are human rights themselves and are necessary for health.\"",
"title": "Right to health"
},
{
"docid": "24650013#5",
"text": "India was a founding member of the United Nations, joining in October 1945, two years before acquiring independence from the British Raj. By 1946, India had started raising concerns regarding colonialism, apartheid and racial discrimination. From early 1947–48, India took an active part in Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Dr (Mrs). Hansa Mehta, a Gandhian political activist and social worker who led the Indian delegation, had made important contributions in drafting of the Declaration, especially highlighting the need for reflecting gender equality by changing the language of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from 'all men are created equal' (Eleanor Roosevelt's preferred phrase) to 'all human beings'.",
"title": "India and the United Nations"
},
{
"docid": "31899#34",
"text": "During the lead up to the World Conference on Human Rights held in 1993, ministers from Asian states adopted the Bangkok Declaration, reaffirming their governments' commitment to the principles of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They stated their view of the interdependence and indivisibility of human rights and stressed the need for universality, objectivity, and non-selectivity of human rights. However, at the same time, they emphasized the principles of sovereignty and non-interference, calling for greater emphasis on economic, social, and cultural rights—in particular, the right to economic development over civil and political rights. The Bangkok Declaration is considered to be a landmark expression of the Asian values perspective, which offers an extended critique of human rights universalism.",
"title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
},
{
"docid": "98677#3",
"text": "The ICCPR has its roots in the same process that led to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A \"Declaration on the Essential Rights of Man\" had been proposed at the 1945 San Francisco Conference which led to the founding of the United Nations, and the Economic and Social Council was given the task of drafting it. Early on in the process, the document was split into a declaration setting forth general principles of human rights, and a convention or covenant containing binding commitments. The former evolved into the UDHR and was adopted on 10 December 1948.",
"title": "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
},
{
"docid": "1365652#3",
"text": "The ICESCR has its roots in the same process that led to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A \"Declaration on the Essential Rights of Man\" had been proposed at the 1945 San Francisco Conference which led to the founding of the United Nations, and the Economic and Social Council was given the task of drafting it. Early on in the process, the document was split into a declaration setting forth general principles of human rights, and a convention or covenant containing binding commitments. The former evolved into the UDHR and was adopted on 10 December 1948.",
"title": "International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"
},
{
"docid": "5457065#14",
"text": "In 1998, a plaque honouring John Peters Humphrey, a Canadian who was the first director of the United Nations Human Rights Division and who wrote the preliminary draft of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, was added to the Monument. The plaque was unveiled by Nelson Mandela on September 24, 1998, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the declaration. During his remarks at the unveiling, President Mandela expressed his desire that the monument \"inspire all who see it to join hands in a partnership for world peace, prosperity and equity.\"",
"title": "Canadian Tribute to Human Rights"
},
{
"docid": "81682#14",
"text": "In the Age of Enlightenment, harsh penalties for crimes and civil disobedience were criticized by philosophers such as Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, whose work inspired reform movements. These movements eventually led to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, which informs most western jurisdictions and the similar Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam in 1990.",
"title": "Social control"
},
{
"docid": "141628#4",
"text": "The United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights can be read as assuming a kind of moral universalism. The drafting committee of the Universal Declaration did assume, or at least aspired to, a \"universal\" approach to articulating international human rights. Although the Declaration has undeniably come to be accepted throughout the world as a cornerstone of the international system for the protection of human rights, a belief among some that the Universal Declaration does not adequately reflect certain important worldviews has given rise to more than one supplementary declaration, such as the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam and the Bangkok Declaration.",
"title": "Moral universalism"
},
{
"docid": "3164358#4",
"text": "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was implemented on 10 December 1948 by the United Nations. Therefore, we have officially witnessed 68 years of the United Nations approaching human rights issues on a global scale. The declaration was created after the end of World War II and was the first worldwide acknowledgement of the rights each individual human being is entitled to. When the UDHR was first created the United Nations was only made up of 51 member states, but after the surge of decolonisation’s, beginning in the late 1940s, the UN is now made up of 193 nations. Since 1948, many Eastern Asian countries who were formally colonised have since achieved independence and have joined the UN, therefore acknowledging the UDHR and other major human rights treaties. There is currently no human rights body governing the Eastern Asian region, however the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) issued the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration in 2012.",
"title": "Human rights in East Asia"
}
] | [
0.47998046875,
0.3277718722820282,
0.1028878316283226,
0.1702859103679657,
0.3508126437664032,
-0.2538582980632782,
0.3995884358882904,
-0.2409406453371048,
0.1945822536945343,
0.5794503092765808,
-0.28531700372695923,
-0.17742756009101868,
0.020168304443359375,
-0.046423230320215225,
0.04217638447880745,
-0.06227874755859375,
0.4325299859046936,
0.019377026706933975,
0.3450753390789032,
0.3299734890460968,
-0.3553030788898468,
0.3288748562335968,
0.14648982882499695,
0.05332459881901741,
-0.3021588921546936,
-0.1723763644695282,
-0.3820626437664032,
0.2818341851234436,
0.0422341488301754,
0.1965898722410202,
0.5626918077468872,
-0.004057611804455519,
-0.11615406721830368,
0.2645694315433502,
-0.7774832844734192,
0.055561747401952744,
-0.027822766453027725,
0.20390865206718445,
-0.4156406819820404,
0.053476061671972275,
0.1633017361164093,
0.3441685140132904,
0.3419734537601471,
-0.06172480061650276,
0.1888558566570282,
-0.014255523681640625,
0.029968807473778725,
-0.26074329018592834,
-0.042160578072071075,
0.1380375474691391,
-0.31793212890625,
-0.2440970242023468,
-0.05129596218466759,
-0.21056421101093292,
-1.0641740560531616,
0.4618617594242096,
0.1001923456788063,
0.5696672797203064,
0.5243006944656372,
-0.2628653347492218,
0.4493059515953064,
-0.1591448038816452,
-0.1781703382730484,
0.16989681124687195,
0.18191173672676086,
0.23484475910663605,
0.02852235548198223,
0.0915200337767601,
0.08361762017011642,
0.20795877277851105,
0.2872663140296936,
0.3134111762046814,
0.6583077311515808,
0.4062412679195404,
-0.26891055703163147,
-0.0003882816818077117,
0.16138458251953125,
-0.09760253876447678,
0.41070556640625,
0.22157396376132965,
0.0425938181579113,
-0.02912425994873047,
-0.2101048082113266,
0.0815669447183609,
0.0873674675822258,
0.2513950765132904,
-0.158966064453125,
0.07899393141269684,
0.30704280734062195,
0.6984165906906128,
0.09928131103515625,
0.2459302693605423,
0.30243030190467834,
-0.1349683552980423,
0.4908272922039032,
0.36196979880332947,
0.471435546875,
-0.3600725531578064,
-0.2314801961183548,
-0.10365629196166992,
0.10103334486484528,
-0.270660400390625,
-0.3673291802406311,
0.5323486328125,
0.2302420437335968,
-0.3058384358882904,
-0.452392578125,
-0.3324475884437561,
0.3169512152671814,
-0.007553440984338522,
0.45599365234375,
-0.3852975070476532,
-0.4996599555015564,
-0.161102294921875,
0.10409709066152573,
-0.3735525906085968,
0.2460981160402298,
-0.4676339328289032,
-0.22087804973125458,
-0.7386299967765808,
0.2789132297039032,
0.0896824449300766,
-0.1871185302734375,
0.3677041232585907,
-0.019432885572314262,
-0.333892822265625,
0.5570591688156128,
0.009732655249536037,
0.5811767578125,
0.1737278550863266,
0.3647199273109436,
0.3131452202796936,
0.15314266085624695,
0.5934012532234192,
0.4880196750164032,
0.3273075520992279,
0.23958587646484375,
-0.1619110107421875,
-0.11432866007089615,
-0.3195539116859436,
0.06629453599452972,
0.00158487050794065,
-0.1344195157289505,
0.6633824110031128,
-0.07020657509565353,
-0.04176657646894455,
-0.03568989783525467,
-0.0932856947183609,
0.08443478494882584,
0.4560982882976532,
0.16097259521484375,
0.20078277587890625,
-0.12301373481750488,
0.3376028835773468,
-0.1646074503660202,
0.5683201551437378,
0.28082275390625,
0.2735159695148468,
-0.18069784343242645,
0.2013811320066452,
0.72900390625,
0.3622785210609436,
-0.18143245577812195,
0.3754098117351532,
0.07068484276533127,
0.1575666218996048,
-0.009988716803491116,
0.3873814046382904,
0.4062325656414032,
-0.2898908257484436,
0.0499180369079113,
0.4447370171546936,
0.3327724039554596,
-0.236541748046875,
0.2773175835609436,
-0.0853816419839859,
-0.07394381612539291,
-0.09532328695058823,
0.2039228230714798,
0.38897705078125,
0.3388846218585968,
-0.3214983344078064,
0.0970720574259758,
0.158050537109375,
0.5854840874671936,
0.17004285752773285,
-0.1283961683511734,
0.007441929541528225,
-0.4126238226890564,
0.02993917465209961,
0.042761802673339844,
-0.006219046656042337,
0.4903913140296936,
-0.13583429157733917,
0.1270512193441391,
0.031254906207323074,
0.0340593196451664,
0.1833125501871109,
0.12457268685102463,
0.3931536078453064,
0.2176993191242218,
-0.016613824293017387,
-0.3911830484867096,
0.09817177802324295,
0.09391240030527115,
-0.3016139566898346,
-0.246826171875,
-0.09855107218027115,
-0.3401227593421936,
-0.2553424835205078,
0.2527008056640625,
0.09790366142988205,
-0.07440131157636642,
0.273681640625,
-0.021310141310095787,
0.3285086452960968,
0.03482600674033165,
-0.1432713121175766,
0.5208304524421692,
0.010632242076098919,
-0.1943642795085907,
0.6082240343093872,
-0.1750248521566391,
-0.4854910671710968,
-0.050144195556640625,
-0.1688755601644516,
-0.4039306640625,
0.020690372213721275,
0.2978864312171936,
0.430419921875,
0.6235526204109192,
0.6172572374343872,
-0.0050811767578125,
-0.3243081271648407,
0.11651474982500076,
0.2749917209148407,
0.4705461859703064,
0.1826716810464859,
-0.21807861328125,
-0.08380549401044846,
0.3271310031414032,
-0.005862099584192038,
-0.3729901909828186,
0.05687277764081955,
0.3056727945804596,
-0.19116102159023285,
0.6469901204109192,
0.2470158189535141,
-0.2097603976726532,
-0.05143056437373161,
0.3109479546546936,
-0.3333565890789032,
0.1706521213054657,
0.3486153781414032,
-0.2946559488773346,
-0.07565389573574066,
0.1927359402179718,
0.1938956081867218,
-0.1660507768392563,
0.02072797529399395,
-0.3247310221195221,
0.47460609674453735,
0.3304269015789032,
0.1012071892619133,
-0.3957345187664032,
-0.046263013035058975,
0.2496425062417984,
0.3224312961101532,
-0.2361428439617157,
0.4142717719078064,
0.5659005045890808,
0.09821319580078125,
0.016028132289648056,
-0.16985157132148743,
-0.3829520046710968,
0.08743821084499359,
0.5391148328781128,
0.05582288280129433,
-0.4105050265789032,
0.253753662109375,
0.3194841742515564,
-0.22434160113334656,
0.0014119829284027219,
0.0245077945291996,
-0.1511601060628891,
0.06708962470293045,
-0.04597582295536995,
-0.23028564453125,
-0.5372489094734192,
-0.25836181640625,
0.2497514933347702,
0.3604213297367096,
-0.5941162109375,
-0.5535365343093872,
-0.12295641005039215,
0.2893502414226532,
0.11611175537109375,
-0.24502672255039215,
0.2713100016117096,
-0.1866803914308548,
0.38248035311698914,
-0.5162876844406128,
0.2046007364988327,
0.3980233371257782,
0.16318948566913605,
-0.5321568250656128,
-0.3845476508140564,
-0.0270244050770998,
0.0930219367146492,
0.3632332980632782,
0.2543138861656189,
-0.3047703206539154,
-0.2855398952960968,
0.2387804239988327,
0.3721139132976532,
0.6509137749671936,
0.2810494601726532,
0.15335246920585632,
0.2512490451335907,
-0.275634765625,
0.1319035142660141,
-0.2582789957523346,
-0.2269199937582016,
0.0972856804728508,
-0.05805192515254021,
-0.3701367974281311,
-0.2039925754070282,
-0.1882280558347702,
0.5063187479972839,
0.0704563707113266,
0.19767270982265472,
0.1555701643228531,
-0.0776868537068367,
0.3275669515132904,
-0.4084995687007904,
0.3460431694984436,
0.4920305609703064,
0.2941763699054718,
-0.3791046142578125,
-0.3951154351234436,
-0.2594430148601532,
-0.0743778795003891,
-0.07418278604745865,
0.1935010701417923,
-0.3152553141117096,
0.011805943213403225,
0.4746268093585968,
0.1122283935546875,
0.4003034234046936,
-0.018695831298828125,
0.3355364203453064,
0.3633379340171814,
0.4130379855632782,
-0.0853048712015152,
0.2924063503742218,
0.3567592203617096,
0.4688720703125,
0.1675349622964859,
0.12306376546621323,
-0.209136962890625,
0.1681954562664032,
0.4376743733882904,
0.2962733805179596,
0.1508636474609375,
0.497802734375,
0.2229548841714859,
-0.0494777150452137,
-0.24982015788555145,
0.07698222249746323,
0.01894269697368145,
0.2926395833492279,
0.2633334696292877,
-0.2425275593996048,
-0.01685476303100586,
-0.4914027750492096,
-0.1451154500246048,
0.0220347810536623,
0.5529044270515442,
0.5029645562171936,
0.3155255913734436,
0.032472338527441025,
0.5924246907234192,
0.17161151766777039,
-0.1857256144285202,
-0.5435093641281128,
0.13337598741054535,
0.0914066880941391,
0.3492518961429596,
-0.04095213860273361,
0.4350934624671936,
0.08384977281093597,
-0.4619663655757904,
-0.02275235392153263,
-0.10554790496826172,
-0.09490585327148438,
-0.1643197238445282,
-0.2761579155921936,
0.0343170166015625,
0.1227613165974617,
-0.2837110161781311,
0.07560402899980545,
0.790283203125,
0.3279201090335846,
0.2870221734046936,
4.1025390625,
-0.03664398193359375,
0.4979509711265564,
-0.21240234375,
0.07685715705156326,
-0.08952658623456955,
0.5876116156578064,
-0.09783826768398285,
-0.038508228957653046,
0.1542314738035202,
0.1973232477903366,
-0.02004024013876915,
-0.1144474595785141,
0.1403001993894577,
-0.013117654249072075,
0.4601353108882904,
0.1589006632566452,
0.1471753865480423,
0.2705557644367218,
0.3998151421546936,
-0.234405517578125,
0.3654349148273468,
0.14858900010585785,
0.5868268609046936,
0.3586948812007904,
0.1726815402507782,
0.05366073176264763,
0.2709023654460907,
0.461395800113678,
0.3497576117515564,
0.3697073757648468,
0.2382725328207016,
0.2327771931886673,
0.11386626213788986,
-0.4467686116695404,
-0.1908961683511734,
0.2715737521648407,
0.46557125449180603,
0.1981244832277298,
0.2040884792804718,
-0.5590296983718872,
-0.1863163560628891,
-0.30187225341796875,
0.5461949110031128,
0.12475694715976715,
-0.3929269015789032,
0.06737600266933441,
0.5028773546218872,
-0.1834041029214859,
0.08970587700605392,
0.3031877875328064,
-0.2741306722164154,
0.009639195166528225,
-0.08083343505859375,
0.3854806125164032,
0.6708635687828064,
0.1872514933347702,
0.4924490749835968,
-0.045400891453027725,
-0.02888052724301815,
-0.18302808701992035,
-0.3164236843585968,
0.05622754618525505,
-0.04753139987587929,
-0.020282473415136337,
-0.04390307888388634,
-0.2603868842124939,
0.2827933132648468,
0.18141338229179382,
0.07947104424238205,
-0.2766025960445404,
0.2844194769859314,
-0.27837154269218445,
-0.1135188490152359,
0.09651728719472885,
0.1889997273683548,
-0.045345306396484375,
-0.0187672208994627,
-0.10928834974765778,
0.05188969150185585,
-0.12659277021884918,
0.005217415746301413,
0.20587158203125,
0.0738176628947258,
0.07333319634199142,
0.3266514241695404,
0.1152452751994133,
-0.03397805243730545,
0.44140625,
0.1302250474691391,
0.2065516859292984,
0.019330432638525963,
0.03145303204655647,
0.03512491658329964,
0.16842542588710785,
-0.046688444912433624,
-0.10877173393964767,
-3.9981863498687744,
0.4703892171382904,
0.0072348457761108875,
-0.2403695285320282,
0.0966753289103508,
-0.03868821635842323,
-0.1851915568113327,
0.5723876953125,
-0.04532405361533165,
-0.08297184854745865,
-0.1063145250082016,
0.04704966023564339,
0.0024089813232421875,
0.6515067219734192,
0.1195090189576149,
0.286468505859375,
0.5973772406578064,
0.10696710646152496,
0.3378557562828064,
0.012202943675220013,
0.19633428752422333,
0.25121307373046875,
0.4744350016117096,
0.062713623046875,
0.5860072374343872,
0.1454184353351593,
0.0257274080067873,
-0.3145315945148468,
0.6786760687828064,
-0.010004588402807713,
-0.08636474609375,
-0.018333707004785538,
0.36077880859375,
-0.1059766486287117,
0.1573835164308548,
0.3507864773273468,
0.4793265163898468,
0.3889944851398468,
0.10409736633300781,
0.7115653157234192,
-0.2165745347738266,
-0.01158796064555645,
0.198333740234375,
-0.1221575066447258,
0.2017822265625,
0.3491123616695404,
-0.10530417412519455,
-0.2111031711101532,
0.2504534125328064,
-0.2973240315914154,
0.1603437215089798,
0.3629063069820404,
-0.3795166015625,
0.1518760472536087,
0.2813764214515686,
-0.02691105380654335,
0.0996071919798851,
-0.2994559109210968,
0.3556169867515564,
0.4196254312992096,
0.3719656765460968,
-0.111602783203125,
0.3356497585773468,
0.4690377414226532,
0.329620361328125,
-0.13020433485507965,
0.33270263671875,
0.3910609781742096,
0.5478690266609192,
-0.2577645480632782,
0.3245457112789154,
0.3911220133304596,
0.4412841796875,
0.0506787970662117,
0.28411865234375,
0.7753557562828064,
-0.1290261447429657,
-0.1100572869181633,
0.40283203125,
0.3519287109375,
-0.3415178656578064,
0.14875411987304688,
-0.5360456109046936,
-0.08996421098709106,
2.391810894012451,
0.3631940484046936,
2.1619699001312256,
0.574951171875,
0.393524169921875,
0.29656982421875,
-0.1782332807779312,
0.16918618977069855,
0.04273957759141922,
-0.4188755452632904,
0.0151072908192873,
-0.0860813707113266,
0.023817334324121475,
0.023937122896313667,
0.3232247531414032,
-0.009939662180840969,
0.2975420355796814,
-1.0966622829437256,
0.0219301488250494,
-0.4129813015460968,
0.3269391655921936,
0.01109477411955595,
0.07290540635585785,
0.4852730929851532,
-0.06024060770869255,
-0.2269635945558548,
0.3044869601726532,
-0.1396092027425766,
0.14263860881328583,
0.0330766960978508,
-0.3133457601070404,
0.03642163798213005,
0.3465401828289032,
0.03880637139081955,
0.2816750705242157,
0.2587018609046936,
-0.0053809029050171375,
4.654296875,
0.046407971531152725,
-0.18920353055000305,
0.2531781792640686,
0.10608509927988052,
0.11194174736738205,
0.1848820298910141,
0.1865866482257843,
-0.09513282775878906,
0.0467529296875,
0.10474906861782074,
0.27102988958358765,
-0.08675111830234528,
0.098480224609375,
0.2668718695640564,
0.0857609361410141,
0.1557050496339798,
0.1604178249835968,
0.054388999938964844,
0.11138098686933517,
0.3655308187007904,
-0.01498358603566885,
0.1527620106935501,
-0.24166107177734375,
0.13586290180683136,
0.1188376322388649,
0.4293125569820404,
0.14074461162090302,
-0.0967668816447258,
0.2267020046710968,
0.5703997015953064,
5.495535850524902,
0.0900617316365242,
0.1872907429933548,
-0.08129991590976715,
0.4056222140789032,
0.3141653835773468,
-0.2579759955406189,
-0.1475481241941452,
-0.038882117718458176,
-0.0909881591796875,
-0.1385846883058548,
0.2898385226726532,
-0.08027757704257965,
0.16594450175762177,
-0.03329576924443245,
0.1538434773683548,
-0.11013031005859375,
-0.0876900777220726,
-0.3604474663734436,
-0.1563916951417923,
0.5961390733718872,
0.05506651848554611,
0.2122410386800766,
-0.6578717827796936,
-0.29350772500038147,
-0.07063327729701996,
-0.2265101820230484,
0.2962689995765686,
-0.07546506822109222,
0.021480288356542587,
0.3083147406578064,
0.4588623046875,
-0.4376743733882904,
0.2626517117023468,
0.2864597737789154,
0.11910884827375412,
0.16517312824726105,
-0.3449881374835968,
-0.04131848365068436,
-0.1389944851398468,
0.2987147867679596,
0.1284005343914032,
-0.2806352972984314,
-0.3214874267578125,
-0.01968652941286564,
-0.04434980824589729,
-0.0661817267537117,
0.1098218634724617,
0.13185501098632812,
-0.2761317789554596,
0.02142770029604435,
-0.08618627488613129,
0.8354143500328064,
-0.09239359945058823,
0.0210440494120121,
0.07974188774824142,
0.16543470323085785,
-0.2898319661617279,
-0.2918265163898468,
-0.07832520455121994,
0.54278564453125,
0.2509242594242096,
0.02417067065834999,
0.6816057562828064,
0.314178466796875,
-0.0236979890614748,
0.5944475531578064,
-0.052395958453416824,
0.4135219156742096,
-0.4608328640460968,
-0.039126258343458176,
0.1771501749753952,
-0.1179395392537117,
0.0021939959842711687,
0.1327253133058548,
0.10749925673007965,
0.3248508870601654,
-0.1821136474609375,
0.2439793199300766,
0.7334333062171936,
-0.12597110867500305,
-0.1711774617433548,
-0.3363385796546936,
-0.07208579033613205,
-0.11659104377031326,
0.016417911276221275,
-0.0444575734436512,
0.013486044481396675,
0.012120382860302925,
-0.1666739284992218,
0.3537946343421936,
-0.5854143500328064,
-0.33441162109375,
0.40234485268592834,
0.20646558701992035,
0.1538827121257782,
-0.09544897079467773,
0.05475698038935661,
-0.02426910400390625,
0.3113621175289154,
-0.3717302680015564,
0.11523955315351486,
0.4103676974773407,
0.2180088609457016,
-0.11076463758945465,
-0.19165584444999695,
0.1273607462644577,
0.003535849740728736,
-0.1500658243894577,
0.2547520101070404,
0.4453997015953064,
0.21769101917743683,
-0.049860816448926926,
0.036979131400585175,
-0.010891914367675781
] |
82 | When did Andy Richter leave Late Night with Conan O'Brien? | [
{
"docid": "217259#0",
"text": "Andy Richter Controls the Universe is a sitcom which aired from 2002–2003 on the Fox network. The series was Andy Richter's first starring role after leaving NBC's \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" in 2000.",
"title": "Andy Richter Controls the Universe"
},
{
"docid": "174688#0",
"text": "Late Night with Conan O'Brien is an American late-night talk show hosted by Conan O'Brien that aired 2,725 episodes on NBC between 1993 and 2009. The show featured varied comedic material, celebrity interviews, and musical and comedy performances. \"Late Night\" aired weeknights at 12:37 am Eastern/11:37 pm Central and 12:37 am Mountain in the United States. From 1993 until 2000, Andy Richter served as O'Brien's sidekick; following his departure, O'Brien was the show's sole featured performer. The show's house musical act was The Max Weinberg 7, led by E Street Band drummer Max Weinberg.",
"title": "Late Night with Conan O'Brien"
},
{
"docid": "5176810#5",
"text": "The sketch was invented prior to the actual year 2000, but the show's writers decided to keep the named year the same even after the passing of the titular year, in a sort of ironic twist. However, when the sketch was revived on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\", Richter heaped ridicule upon O'Brien for failing to update the name of the skit nine years after the year 2000 had passed. The sketch is renamed \"In the Year 3000\", with the black robe (referred to as a 'ratty smock' by Richter) being replaced with a more futuristic-looking outfit consisting of a large metallic collar with a series of blinking lights, which Conan said were very expensive to make and Andy said smelled bad. Appearing on \"Tonight\" June 3, 2009, it was the first \"Late Night\" sketch to be carried over to Conan's \"Tonight Show\". The open to the sketch included narration by William Shatner and, on one occasion, George Takei.",
"title": "List of Late Night with Conan O'Brien sketches"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1357661#5",
"text": "When Conan O'Brien left \"Late Night\" to take over \"The Tonight Show\", Godard did not follow him to Los Angeles. Godard wrote on his Facebook fan page that \"Reports of my retirement were exaggerated. Conan just didn't take me to California with him. I remain in New York City with no LA lease to be stuck with!!!\" Instead, former \"Late Night\" sidekick Andy Richter was hired as announcer on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\", and \"Saturday Night Live\" producer Steve Higgins became the announcer on \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".",
"title": "Joel Godard"
},
{
"docid": "869611#28",
"text": "Richter is a member of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity. After leaving \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", he moved to Los Angeles.",
"title": "Andy Richter"
},
{
"docid": "99961#47",
"text": "Conan O'Brien announced on the February 18, 2009 episode of \"Late Night\" that The Max Weinberg 7 (rechristened as The Tonight Show Band, and adding a second percussionist), the house band on that program, would be accompanying him to \"The Tonight Show\" as his version's house band. It was announced February 23, 2009 that former \"Late Night\" sidekick Andy Richter would be O'Brien's announcer. Richter replaced O'Brien's former long-time announcer Joel Godard (who stayed behind in New York) when his rendition of \"The Tonight Show\" began.",
"title": "The Tonight Show"
},
{
"docid": "869611#9",
"text": "On February 24, 2009, it was announced that Richter would be joining Conan O'Brien once again as the announcer for \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" in Los Angeles. Richter frequently appeared in comedy sketches on the show and often commented and interacted with Conan during the opening monologue; he was also part of the show's writing staff. In mid-December 2009, Richter also began joining Conan on the couch during the celebrity interviews, much like he did in his former sidekick role on \"Late Night\". Richter said he enjoyed having a steady paycheck again and not having to deal with production companies while developing television shows. Richter said, \"Now I'm so happy to be back and making TV every night, not asking permission from somebody and waiting six months to get their sparklingly clear and cogent notes. And then wait another month for them to get back from Hawaii and say, 'Yes, now we can go make television.' I felt like a plumber who kept going into the building and saying, 'Can we put some pipes together?' and watching my wrenches gather dust.\"",
"title": "Andy Richter"
},
{
"docid": "869611#6",
"text": "At the same time \"The Real Live Brady Bunch\" was playing in New York, two fellow Annoyance members (Beth Cahill and Melanie Hutsell, who played Marcia and Jan Brady in the \"Real Live Brady Bunch\" stage show) were hired as cast members on \"Saturday Night Live\". With friends on \"SNL\", Richter was able to get into the after-show parties where he met \"SNL\" writer Robert Smigel. Two years later, Smigel hired Richter for a new show he was producing, \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". Originally hired as a writer, Richter was upgraded to Conan O'Brien's sidekick just weeks before the show began airing in 1993, after it became clear the two had a strong rapport, something Smigel noticed after sending Richter to join O'Brien on stage during a practice run-through when the production staff was testing lighting angles and sound.",
"title": "Andy Richter"
},
{
"docid": "869611#0",
"text": "Paul Andrew Richter (born October 28, 1966) is an American actor, writer, comedian, and late night talk show announcer. He is best known for his role as the sidekick of Conan O'Brien on each of the host's programs: \"Late Night\", \"The Tonight Show\" on NBC and \"Conan\" on TBS. He is also known for his work as the voice of Mort in the \"Madagascar\" franchise.",
"title": "Andy Richter"
},
{
"docid": "4221870#18",
"text": "On February 20, 2009, NBC aired the last episode of \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". The show consisted of a compilation of previous \"Late Night\" clips and included a surprise appearance by former sidekick Andy Richter. Will Ferrell, John Mayer, and the White Stripes also appeared. O'Brien ended the episode by destroying the set with an axe, handing out the pieces of the set to the audience, and thanking a list of people who helped him get to that point in his career. Among those thanked were Lorne Michaels, David Letterman, Jay Leno, and O'Brien's wife and children.",
"title": "Conan O'Brien"
}
] | [
0.19193369150161743,
-0.203094482421875,
0.2192532867193222,
0.36380207538604736,
-0.0034729004837572575,
0.24849089980125427,
0.316946417093277,
-0.3179117739200592,
-0.035084787756204605,
0.17475178837776184,
-0.17735952138900757,
-0.39790040254592896,
-0.07273610681295395,
0.31953734159469604,
-0.14332275092601776,
-0.05151621624827385,
0.5156087279319763,
0.27494099736213684,
-0.2675435245037079,
0.3696126341819763,
-0.4227050840854645,
0.5093424320220947,
-0.6728515625,
0.32429200410842896,
0.0751698836684227,
0.21196135878562927,
-0.20842184126377106,
0.33088380098342896,
0.1401570588350296,
0.5197103023529053,
0.28902995586395264,
-0.28247883915901184,
-0.038243867456912994,
0.17758890986442566,
-0.1519266813993454,
0.614697277545929,
0.2708496153354645,
0.5843750238418579,
0.14486490190029144,
0.579394519329071,
-0.580249011516571,
0.17326965928077698,
0.15188191831111908,
-0.23223470151424408,
0.35222041606903076,
0.5520426630973816,
0.23341165482997894,
0.2146957367658615,
0.10321426391601562,
-0.04934590682387352,
-0.31615397334098816,
-0.4661295711994171,
0.3406168520450592,
0.08887481689453125,
-0.4746337831020355,
0.6251851320266724,
0.3738606870174408,
0.523193359375,
-0.08775126188993454,
-0.12711791694164276,
0.2374267578125,
-0.07217076420783997,
-0.29981282353401184,
-0.10209020227193832,
0.23149414360523224,
0.3803955018520355,
0.05716158449649811,
0.13974063098430634,
-0.19299621880054474,
0.3694091737270355,
0.322998046875,
0.3872233033180237,
0.19726969301700592,
-0.07893117517232895,
-0.34668782353401184,
0.00916290283203125,
0.00630874652415514,
0.6563639044761658,
0.0580214187502861,
-0.10083618015050888,
0.34894612431526184,
0.13941040635108948,
-0.08982645720243454,
0.7496256232261658,
-0.18773193657398224,
0.3259846866130829,
0.22998860478401184,
-0.10017140954732895,
0.12310740351676941,
0.47610676288604736,
-0.31767576932907104,
0.07567520439624786,
0.13205567002296448,
-0.1229654923081398,
-0.20977783203125,
0.20618489384651184,
0.014627838507294655,
-0.11475829780101776,
0.31387531757354736,
-0.32506510615348816,
-0.04354298859834671,
-0.25634765625,
-0.0654652938246727,
-0.12303593754768372,
0.5513346195220947,
-0.3762451112270355,
-0.11048176884651184,
-0.26417046785354614,
0.13439369201660156,
0.3593098819255829,
0.33804091811180115,
-0.5441243648529053,
0.13625487685203552,
-0.11172688752412796,
0.03970489650964737,
0.3030029237270355,
0.11295979470014572,
-0.11102701723575592,
-0.4358968138694763,
-0.7819498777389526,
0.4544433653354645,
0.45100098848342896,
-0.2597005069255829,
0.24774989485740662,
-0.12474925071001053,
0.09080810844898224,
0.6622396111488342,
-0.2762207090854645,
0.6540690064430237,
0.27723997831344604,
0.21519826352596283,
-0.060610197484493256,
0.4069173038005829,
0.6090332269668579,
0.17459818720817566,
0.08146260678768158,
0.3250976502895355,
0.0037203470710664988,
0.41392821073532104,
-0.0914761871099472,
-0.35928142070770264,
0.1544823944568634,
0.3637077212333679,
1.1931966543197632,
0.13822218775749207,
0.3061116635799408,
0.0657396987080574,
0.8474283814430237,
-0.06118571013212204,
0.44664713740348816,
0.5190266966819763,
0.21951904892921448,
-0.2960042357444763,
0.5129069089889526,
-0.05299072340130806,
-0.04365895688533783,
0.42489370703697205,
0.018374761566519737,
-0.4065592586994171,
0.15270563960075378,
0.6480957269668579,
0.2588541805744171,
0.08875223994255066,
-0.43872883915901184,
-0.24665731191635132,
0.23326009511947632,
-0.24657389521598816,
0.34675294160842896,
0.44640299677848816,
-0.42167967557907104,
-0.3178466856479645,
0.31639403104782104,
0.49923503398895264,
-0.009466234594583511,
-0.17417195439338684,
0.27241212129592896,
-0.4033976197242737,
0.04087727889418602,
0.1210683211684227,
-0.24257761240005493,
-0.20522919297218323,
0.31543782353401184,
0.32728880643844604,
-0.1743723601102829,
0.5598469972610474,
0.6431314945220947,
-0.03517373278737068,
0.004029337782412767,
-0.08869298547506332,
0.14955240488052368,
0.1329135149717331,
0.40026041865348816,
0.6942657232284546,
0.36499837040901184,
0.22046153247356415,
0.4772786498069763,
-0.14233805239200592,
0.26053059101104736,
-0.19101886451244354,
0.5447916388511658,
-0.19684651494026184,
-0.16595576703548431,
-0.2706705629825592,
0.3829752504825592,
0.36817219853401184,
-0.07671915739774704,
-0.24580077826976776,
0.15209655463695526,
-0.22447916865348816,
-0.09885075688362122,
0.1715291291475296,
0.044085439294576645,
0.3129841983318329,
0.6580403447151184,
-0.4086100161075592,
0.35033366084098816,
0.03754374012351036,
-0.17985433340072632,
0.32846271991729736,
-0.199066162109375,
-0.2996622622013092,
0.3731038272380829,
0.02803141251206398,
-0.3017740845680237,
0.20367050170898438,
-0.588183581829071,
-0.2716878354549408,
-0.12875570356845856,
0.07380104064941406,
0.4314616024494171,
0.2592605650424957,
-0.01449534110724926,
0.28693848848342896,
-0.7413574457168579,
-0.19590555131435394,
0.3189941346645355,
0.33868610858917236,
-0.23741048574447632,
-0.2889241576194763,
0.23750406503677368,
0.20065511763095856,
-0.15751342475414276,
-0.32541096210479736,
-0.24155782163143158,
0.260009765625,
-0.04835408553481102,
0.27347564697265625,
0.08279215544462204,
-0.260009765625,
-0.01212463341653347,
0.33767902851104736,
-0.15624694526195526,
0.19081522524356842,
-0.14689229428768158,
-0.3436279296875,
0.02883402444422245,
0.1442611664533615,
0.20582148432731628,
-0.3992624878883362,
0.01738433912396431,
0.3613545596599579,
0.21942545473575592,
0.3124186098575592,
0.04169069975614548,
-0.44482421875,
0.04072583466768265,
0.040028635412454605,
0.6472981572151184,
0.04346313327550888,
0.7704752683639526,
0.43046873807907104,
0.01610209234058857,
0.09590384364128113,
-0.04934539645910263,
-0.4073242247104645,
0.2937362790107727,
-0.21286214888095856,
0.17980143427848816,
-0.1861165314912796,
0.4284718930721283,
0.5160807371139526,
0.30070191621780396,
-0.18331146240234375,
0.3225265443325043,
0.69677734375,
-0.0031890869140625,
-0.6765950322151184,
-0.17655029892921448,
-0.29544270038604736,
0.0058797202073037624,
0.19240722060203552,
0.2720540463924408,
-0.2805013060569763,
-0.47645264863967896,
0.14184722304344177,
0.6923177242279053,
0.17579446732997894,
0.0556742362678051,
0.179656982421875,
-0.05306854099035263,
0.2591555416584015,
-0.4753255248069763,
0.5241861939430237,
0.5587728023529053,
0.04080009460449219,
-0.15751443803310394,
-0.12285970151424408,
-0.03004658967256546,
-0.3119466006755829,
-0.0861157700419426,
0.4990600645542145,
-0.3931070864200592,
-0.16157633066177368,
0.00972722377628088,
0.3216715455055237,
0.840039074420929,
0.5738281011581421,
0.162322998046875,
0.47585856914520264,
0.2562825381755829,
-0.04912770539522171,
-0.4318196475505829,
-0.3091389834880829,
0.11621500551700592,
0.3425130248069763,
-0.4104105532169342,
0.09673665463924408,
-0.2867594361305237,
0.7549804449081421,
-0.23564453423023224,
1.0105469226837158,
-0.20232747495174408,
0.24913330376148224,
-0.08246510475873947,
-0.18635354936122894,
0.12593485414981842,
-0.09759419411420822,
0.12416178733110428,
0.2420913726091385,
-0.2675984799861908,
0.344778448343277,
-0.4410807192325592,
0.00806274451315403,
0.3884440064430237,
-0.017785262316465378,
0.17526040971279144,
-0.26477864384651184,
0.05382893979549408,
0.27651774883270264,
-0.08661346137523651,
0.11527703702449799,
-0.20991605520248413,
0.11859283596277237,
-0.3398600220680237,
0.20141805708408356,
-0.1629740446805954,
0.05793965607881546,
0.03434054180979729,
0.08619435876607895,
-0.16403809189796448,
-0.042988840490579605,
-0.05478363111615181,
0.30660808086395264,
0.2750895321369171,
0.09507802128791809,
0.26768696308135986,
-0.2862589657306671,
0.06599222868680954,
0.26748454570770264,
0.3086344301700592,
0.3777303099632263,
0.30329591035842896,
0.058046214282512665,
0.0837249755859375,
-0.041068267077207565,
-0.09352315217256546,
-0.0046595255844295025,
0.771313488483429,
0.1286061555147171,
0.2143147736787796,
0.012752532958984375,
0.712207019329071,
-0.009118366055190563,
-0.1894700974225998,
-0.3867296874523163,
-0.20211181044578552,
-0.10652058571577072,
-0.18280842900276184,
0.2340032011270523,
0.12288208305835724,
0.7080240845680237,
0.20641358196735382,
-0.35110676288604736,
0.14835001528263092,
0.033882904797792435,
-0.09213021397590637,
0.27161458134651184,
-0.06635894626379013,
0.4086262881755829,
-0.13558349013328552,
-0.16716308891773224,
-0.07145640254020691,
0.33012694120407104,
0.4847818911075592,
4.156640529632568,
0.2581787109375,
0.15141397714614868,
0.15706457197666168,
-0.1816508024930954,
0.06136970594525337,
0.3420155942440033,
-0.5306121706962585,
-0.12903036177158356,
0.04850870743393898,
0.15734227001667023,
0.1768900603055954,
0.18242695927619934,
0.32115477323532104,
0.01639709435403347,
0.31883952021598816,
0.48340657353401184,
0.14373372495174408,
0.08126449584960938,
0.3553059995174408,
-0.34105631709098816,
0.34610188007354736,
0.09591471403837204,
0.012585449032485485,
-0.05709024891257286,
-0.04430491104722023,
0.09997571259737015,
-0.0817413330078125,
-0.08212687075138092,
-0.09711074829101562,
0.2749064266681671,
-0.11672261357307434,
0.3084472715854645,
0.03230082243680954,
-0.9530273675918579,
0.09988606721162796,
-0.03029276616871357,
0.3137451112270355,
-0.10203602910041809,
-0.0033515929244458675,
-0.25811564922332764,
-0.11494751274585724,
-0.15591444075107574,
0.29027506709098816,
0.3526957333087921,
-0.3649861514568329,
0.39763182401657104,
0.3531900942325592,
0.3211374878883362,
-0.12329203635454178,
0.119873046875,
-0.06190389022231102,
-0.2564290463924408,
-0.22265930473804474,
0.26219889521598816,
0.3409667909145355,
-0.10260645300149918,
0.651611328125,
0.28605955839157104,
-0.23992106318473816,
-0.2316506952047348,
0.02926756627857685,
0.19954732060432434,
0.33289387822151184,
-0.21145018935203552,
0.07586873322725296,
0.057375844568014145,
0.06810811161994934,
-0.14741109311580658,
-0.05545908585190773,
0.2954813539981842,
0.4712890684604645,
0.48872071504592896,
-0.32929688692092896,
0.36959636211395264,
0.4154703915119171,
-0.3226562440395355,
0.05283813551068306,
-0.3906901180744171,
0.09886372834444046,
0.05825602263212204,
-0.10593471676111221,
0.14379476010799408,
0.4431803524494171,
-0.11023864895105362,
0.49305012822151184,
0.16233418881893158,
0.09225311130285263,
0.5787435173988342,
0.43826496601104736,
0.44405925273895264,
0.2658345401287079,
0.29833984375,
0.11153005063533783,
0.2000076323747635,
0.12326710671186447,
0.19446998834609985,
-3.9507813453674316,
0.066741943359375,
-0.0842692032456398,
0.29138997197151184,
0.22369791567325592,
-0.2086079865694046,
0.1085306778550148,
0.7439778447151184,
-0.27049559354782104,
-0.2940429747104645,
-0.3230428099632263,
0.07757104188203812,
-0.23874308168888092,
1.3125,
-0.02900594100356102,
0.19291992485523224,
0.23182372748851776,
-0.01295496616512537,
0.5087239742279053,
-0.22573648393154144,
0.12695693969726562,
-0.0827687606215477,
0.3122110962867737,
-0.3692611753940582,
0.296254426240921,
-0.12591348588466644,
-0.13327941298484802,
0.00813395157456398,
-0.4694010317325592,
0.19008585810661316,
-0.17988687753677368,
-0.06853001564741135,
0.40353190898895264,
0.10191033780574799,
0.13271281123161316,
0.12417526543140411,
0.28008219599723816,
0.026750819757580757,
0.3851887881755829,
0.3156280517578125,
-0.16303405165672302,
0.0257110595703125,
0.35529786348342896,
0.2506510317325592,
-0.0042821248061954975,
0.4461669921875,
-0.40572917461395264,
0.0856020599603653,
-0.614013671875,
-0.0338033027946949,
0.1864878386259079,
0.1548546403646469,
0.012914275750517845,
0.012470753863453865,
0.5837239623069763,
0.014256794936954975,
0.05441690981388092,
0.03974812850356102,
0.37816160917282104,
0.12297414243221283,
-0.13978461921215057,
-0.09864514321088791,
-0.11001192778348923,
0.16087239980697632,
0.08304646611213684,
0.008540852926671505,
0.2589574158191681,
0.3600830137729645,
0.09065704047679901,
-0.6076822876930237,
0.11347503960132599,
0.16242066025733948,
0.036488596349954605,
-0.32105255126953125,
-0.09485931694507599,
-0.03737721964716911,
-0.34298908710479736,
-0.19532980024814606,
0.586621105670929,
0.2527709901332855,
-0.3038838803768158,
-0.10776469111442566,
-0.45291340351104736,
0.5057942867279053,
2.409700632095337,
0.253509521484375,
2.248046875,
0.3162597715854645,
0.20257161557674408,
0.43728840351104736,
-0.01676839217543602,
0.21168924868106842,
-0.03430590778589249,
-0.18263448774814606,
-0.009517415426671505,
0.050023142248392105,
-0.01861775666475296,
0.0800243392586708,
-0.008084614761173725,
0.2978922426700592,
0.29678547382354736,
-1.077734351158142,
0.16024067997932434,
-0.06787846982479095,
0.4966796934604645,
0.3757873475551605,
0.02732613869011402,
0.0904642716050148,
-0.5977864861488342,
-0.06592966616153717,
0.07193540036678314,
0.0939624160528183,
0.5713704228401184,
0.17863363027572632,
0.0032089233864098787,
0.23226013779640198,
0.19308675825595856,
-0.16952615976333618,
0.24955648183822632,
-0.01660614088177681,
-0.14976094663143158,
4.614062309265137,
0.04509073868393898,
-0.15355123579502106,
-0.18421529233455658,
0.1772492229938507,
0.19331461191177368,
0.3854166567325592,
0.37706705927848816,
0.032236989587545395,
0.10319621115922928,
0.39895427227020264,
0.3696390688419342,
-0.14403483271598816,
0.16463622450828552,
0.18861083686351776,
0.3884928524494171,
0.11441955715417862,
0.041568245738744736,
0.3292480409145355,
0.10723622888326645,
0.3773193359375,
0.578369140625,
-0.20001627504825592,
-0.14626668393611908,
-0.11185505986213684,
0.19295653700828552,
0.41295573115348816,
-0.5558919310569763,
-0.0682498961687088,
0.68603515625,
0.16243895888328552,
5.416666507720947,
0.42227375507354736,
0.03732401505112648,
-0.3027587831020355,
-0.11973978579044342,
0.2915201783180237,
0.10509669035673141,
-0.03330974653363228,
-0.4997395873069763,
-0.12329711765050888,
0.12276611477136612,
0.023802438750863075,
0.12570953369140625,
0.30044353008270264,
-0.04470926895737648,
-0.16782023012638092,
-0.23570150136947632,
-0.08060608059167862,
-0.038055419921875,
-0.08579979091882706,
0.597094714641571,
0.31116586923599243,
-0.05242360383272171,
-0.6123575568199158,
-0.2590596377849579,
-0.21844583749771118,
-0.33719074726104736,
0.1969197541475296,
-0.24424438178539276,
0.16697387397289276,
0.3056396543979645,
0.4005778133869171,
-0.2903503477573395,
0.052267711609601974,
-0.2729125916957855,
0.3244425356388092,
0.3848063051700592,
0.08354136347770691,
0.16426493227481842,
-0.19990845024585724,
0.45821940898895264,
0.23004150390625,
-0.4445149600505829,
0.05732421949505806,
-0.16123555600643158,
0.07232335209846497,
-0.2633056640625,
0.02666393853724003,
-0.15092264115810394,
0.09741007536649704,
-0.04463602602481842,
-0.02948455885052681,
1.2912760972976685,
0.19835561513900757,
0.6231282353401184,
0.04422949254512787,
-0.0868123397231102,
0.06240946426987648,
-0.17806625366210938,
-0.4817138612270355,
0.18655294179916382,
0.10185419768095016,
-0.00036214193096384406,
0.25564345717430115,
0.5737467408180237,
0.23066405951976776,
-0.11885776370763779,
-0.0788068100810051,
0.5190266966819763,
-0.2691080868244171,
0.10503844916820526,
0.05746408924460411,
-0.047485098242759705,
-0.09137573093175888,
0.15945476293563843,
0.14047648012638092,
0.6072753667831421,
-0.2754882872104645,
-0.011995443142950535,
0.01874745637178421,
-0.3573567569255829,
0.0332183837890625,
-0.0999196395277977,
-0.03339538723230362,
-0.09940795600414276,
-0.09942436218261719,
0.2437235563993454,
-0.02681986428797245,
0.42648112773895264,
0.03599192202091217,
0.20327554643154144,
-0.09980417788028717,
0.31550294160842896,
0.23609517514705658,
-0.17131449282169342,
0.08009572327136993,
0.19162572920322418,
0.4573201537132263,
0.22570978105068207,
0.0992228165268898,
-0.44683024287223816,
0.4906412661075592,
-0.04418080672621727,
-0.08664550632238388,
0.2756306827068329,
0.2913777530193329,
0.01306737307459116,
0.05791117250919342,
-0.5027506351470947,
0.04011433944106102,
0.3403483033180237,
0.0573527030646801,
0.18112488090991974,
0.01579844206571579,
-0.22309163212776184
] |
83 | Can you over-water a cactus? | [
{
"docid": "1878531#9",
"text": "As a houseplant, the Silver Torch cactus is an easy to take care of so long as over-watering is avoided. To naturally simulate the porous effects of the sand in its native habitat, it's important to ensure that excess water will not pool in the soil, causing the roots to become water logged.\nThis plant’s native habitat does not have winter, but when temperatures drop to the low twenties, it can exhibit signs of tip frost. \nThe Silver Torch cactus is most susceptible to \nmealybugs \nand spider mite.",
"title": "Cleistocactus strausii"
},
{
"docid": "1878531#2",
"text": "The cactus prefers free draining soils, strong sunlight, but not high temperatures — in fact it can withstand hard frosts down to -10 °C. In its natural habitat it receives plenty of water during the summer, but almost none over the winter. In cultivation, watering too much in winter often leads to root rot.",
"title": "Cleistocactus strausii"
},
{
"docid": "7819#78",
"text": "Fungi, bacteria and viruses attack cacti, the first two particularly when plants are over-watered. Fusarium rot can gain entry through a wound and cause rotting accompanied by red-violet mold. \"\"Helminosporium\" rot\" is caused by \"Bipolaris cactivora\" ( \"Helminosporium cactivorum\"); \"Phytophthora\" species also cause similar rotting in cacti. Fungicides may be of limited value in combating these diseases. Several viruses have been found in cacti, including cactus virus X. These appear to cause only limited visible symptoms, such as chlorotic (pale green) spots and mosaic effects (streaks and patches of paler color). However, in an \"Agave\" species, cactus virus X has been shown to reduce growth, particularly when the roots are dry. There are no treatments for virus diseases.",
"title": "Cactus"
},
{
"docid": "1878531#7",
"text": "Silver Torch cactus can thrive in low-nitrogen soil without facing the consequences of low nitrogen. Too much water will make the plant weak and lead to root rot. \nLeast Concern. This cactus is locally abundant in its native land and has few local threats to its survival.\nThis cactus can be propagated by cuttings or seed.",
"title": "Cleistocactus strausii"
},
{
"docid": "18947783#9",
"text": "The San Pedro cactus is very easy to grow in most areas. Because it grows naturally in the Peruvian Andes Mountains at high altitude and with high rainfall, it can withstand temperatures far below that of many other cacti. It requires fertile, free-draining soil. They average half a meter per year of new growth. They are susceptible to fungal diseases if over-watered, but are not nearly as sensitive as many other cacti, especially in warm weather. They can be sunburned and display a yellowing chlorotic reaction to overexposure to sunlight.",
"title": "Echinopsis pachanoi"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7819#25",
"text": "Spines, which are modified leaves, are present on even those cacti with true leaves, showing the evolution of spines preceded the loss of leaves. Although spines have a high surface area-to-volume ratio, at maturity they contain little or no water, being composed of fibers made up of dead cells. Spines provide protection from herbivores and camouflage in some species, and assist in water conservation in several ways. They trap air near the surface of the cactus, creating a moister layer that reduces evaporation and transpiration. They can provide some shade, which lowers the temperature of the surface of the cactus, also reducing water loss. When sufficiently moist air is present, such as during fog or early morning mist, spines can condense moisture, which then drips onto the ground and is absorbed by the roots.",
"title": "Cactus"
},
{
"docid": "30927937#6",
"text": "Like its other cactus relatives, this deciduous and succulent species also has it leaves reduced to spines to reduce excess transpiration, which helps it to survive by conserving water in the hot climate of Texas, in southwestern United States, and North Mexico. This adaptation also helps in defending itself from being consumed by any herbivores there. It has the special ability to propagate from woody or softwood stem cuttings. It can even propagate by cuttings of leaf pads at any time in the growing season, allowing the cut surface to callus over before planting. This cactus can survive healthily and produce good many flowers only if it is fully exposed to the sun. They can also tolerate temperatures from −5 to −12 °C.",
"title": "Opuntia aciculata"
},
{
"docid": "44674916#44",
"text": "It is the main villain of this movie. The new species of cactus was important to the town people as it had a fruit which resembled Dragon Fruit. But it soon turns into killer carnivorous cactus and starts eating people in the town cantre. The Queen cactus moved using the roots and preyed by hearing sound. It has a strong vitality, and if cut can rejoin its parts by grafting. But its weakness was that it would wither when exposed to water. In the final battle, all the other killer cactuses merged with the Queen cactus. But it was defeated when Shinnosuke used the needle of his KB badge to burst the balloon which spouted water. The predated people were also safely released as it had not digested them yet.",
"title": "Crayon Shin-chan: My Moving Story! Cactus Large Attack!"
},
{
"docid": "28020374#4",
"text": "\"Saba senegalensis\" is most easily propagated through seeds. Once you acquire seeds, soak them in warm water for 24 hours. Then,start seeds directly in cactus soil mix. Do not overwater. The seeds should sprout within 2-4 weeks. Alternatively, if you have access to a live plant, it can by propagated by use of cuttings. Simply cut a 6-12 inch branch from the plant, and start directly in soil. The plant should fruit within 2-5 years of being planted.",
"title": "Saba senegalensis"
},
{
"docid": "35020416#6",
"text": "\"Echinocereus dasyacanthus\" is cultivated as an ornamental plant, for use in desert native plant natural landscaping, or as a house plant and in a greenhouse. As the Texas Rainbow cactus is a smaller cacti species, it can be easier to care for.Texas rainbow cactus requires little to no maintenance for growing. It requires little water and a lot of sunlight to partial shade. It can grow in soil or rocky sandy substrate. Seeds of Texas rainbow cactus will germinate between 5–180 days.",
"title": "Echinocereus dasyacanthus"
}
] | [
0.15567627549171448,
0.49620360136032104,
-0.03302497789263725,
0.3260742127895355,
-0.19140930473804474,
0.21719971299171448,
0.6109863519668579,
-0.2905517518520355,
0.4569335877895355,
0.25046998262405396,
-0.2869720458984375,
-0.19455567002296448,
-0.15940017998218536,
0.012472915463149548,
-0.12326355278491974,
0.0389338843524456,
0.4246459901332855,
-0.24380798637866974,
-0.3161254823207855,
-0.01649322547018528,
-0.271240234375,
0.25457763671875,
0.04076538234949112,
-0.06963615119457245,
-0.0638885498046875,
0.03209076076745987,
-0.31292724609375,
0.45698243379592896,
-0.07641372829675674,
0.17462654411792755,
0.23194579780101776,
-0.169281005859375,
-0.02271270751953125,
0.4808349609375,
-0.00806579552590847,
0.3276611268520355,
-0.2616333067417145,
0.12737885117530823,
0.11369094997644424,
0.20685577392578125,
-0.15503844618797302,
0.20164184272289276,
0.09423828125,
-0.05660552904009819,
0.22699585556983948,
-0.32268065214157104,
0.13272400200366974,
0.19346007704734802,
0.05800475925207138,
0.03991279751062393,
-0.41984862089157104,
0.17238464951515198,
0.0067276000045239925,
-0.07127685844898224,
-0.01947631873190403,
-0.0791851058602333,
0.017620468512177467,
0.2901855409145355,
0.10293121635913849,
-0.13469772040843964,
0.186737060546875,
0.23779907822608948,
0.23917236924171448,
-0.13380737602710724,
0.4125610291957855,
0.4884033203125,
0.3399902284145355,
0.4355712831020355,
0.2518554627895355,
0.4917968809604645,
0.368896484375,
0.42615967988967896,
0.613110363483429,
0.12437514960765839,
0.11652450263500214,
-0.19178161025047302,
0.157745361328125,
-0.10570983588695526,
0.611767590045929,
-0.012417602352797985,
0.33118897676467896,
0.07258148491382599,
-0.07857055962085724,
0.3243408203125,
-0.0454559326171875,
0.2962402403354645,
-0.023044586181640625,
0.18715819716453552,
-0.16434326767921448,
0.45769041776657104,
-0.3761230409145355,
0.3447265625,
-0.009643936529755592,
0.34130859375,
0.08002929389476776,
0.3315063416957855,
0.2783447206020355,
-0.03578181192278862,
0.07764053344726562,
-0.44755858182907104,
0.09810485690832138,
-0.2789672911167145,
0.07127990573644638,
0.8481689691543579,
0.30377197265625,
-0.24565429985523224,
-0.01667327806353569,
0.46540528535842896,
0.2347412109375,
0.12838439643383026,
0.08168945461511612,
-0.27290040254592896,
0.06745300441980362,
0.187591552734375,
0.3589843809604645,
-0.055294036865234375,
-0.221343994140625,
-0.050441741943359375,
-0.20994873344898224,
-0.717236340045929,
0.5643554925918579,
0.3262085020542145,
-0.33155518770217896,
0.1500396728515625,
0.19806519150733948,
-0.15590210258960724,
0.587963879108429,
0.08400783687829971,
0.763916015625,
0.20264282822608948,
0.3642211854457855,
-0.12958374619483948,
0.01695098914206028,
0.618725597858429,
-0.10264930874109268,
0.47102051973342896,
0.21116943657398224,
-0.09248657524585724,
0.4532226622104645,
-0.23736572265625,
-0.293966680765152,
-0.13834838569164276,
0.28215330839157104,
0.9232422113418579,
-0.027252197265625,
0.27960205078125,
0.022330474108457565,
0.06573639065027237,
0.06414031982421875,
0.06872864067554474,
-0.10092735290527344,
0.636889636516571,
-0.2899414002895355,
0.610546886920929,
0.2621826231479645,
0.16304703056812286,
0.24454955756664276,
-0.14035797119140625,
0.21832275390625,
0.206512451171875,
0.716723620891571,
0.350830078125,
-0.17801818251609802,
-0.24289855360984802,
-0.16477051377296448,
0.07559509575366974,
0.016709137707948685,
0.6740478277206421,
0.5629638433456421,
-0.3983154296875,
0.08851318061351776,
-0.03631133958697319,
0.15754088759422302,
-0.07400436699390411,
0.3259521424770355,
0.3452392518520355,
0.07192382961511612,
-0.02077636681497097,
-0.25629884004592896,
0.09741973876953125,
0.026141738519072533,
0.4742675721645355,
0.3755126893520355,
-0.10297554731369019,
0.4749511778354645,
0.527661144733429,
-0.17820683121681213,
0.5036376714706421,
-0.17072448134422302,
0.14081954956054688,
-0.16116943955421448,
-0.17542533576488495,
0.44635009765625,
-0.573925793170929,
-0.06386260688304901,
0.05487518385052681,
-0.33805543184280396,
0.3317504823207855,
-0.1617431640625,
0.0898284912109375,
-0.11747284233570099,
0.11349792778491974,
-0.39497071504592896,
0.028503989800810814,
0.29536134004592896,
-0.27031248807907104,
0.30201417207717896,
-0.00966644287109375,
-0.3219238221645355,
-0.1274978667497635,
-0.3982910215854645,
0.194061279296875,
-0.15015259385108948,
-0.3836914002895355,
-0.3748779296875,
-0.02902679517865181,
-0.035327911376953125,
-0.30769044160842896,
0.60546875,
-0.2907653748989105,
-0.375,
0.2813476622104645,
0.05362758785486221,
-0.16373901069164276,
-0.013631057925522327,
-0.04153480380773544,
0.17778626084327698,
-0.20168456435203552,
0.08658142387866974,
0.30585938692092896,
0.12795105576515198,
-0.107691191136837,
-0.04571838304400444,
0.11505432426929474,
0.38725584745407104,
0.479736328125,
0.006581115536391735,
0.551953136920929,
-0.25288087129592896,
-0.0941646546125412,
0.25189208984375,
-0.30488282442092896,
-0.17847900092601776,
0.46527099609375,
0.5592285394668579,
-0.1427864134311676,
-0.09039612114429474,
-0.06192202493548393,
0.006258964538574219,
-0.3829345703125,
0.01902008056640625,
-0.21866455674171448,
0.09956970065832138,
0.41606444120407104,
-0.4155029356479645,
0.11260928958654404,
-0.06853179633617401,
0.4107421934604645,
0.463836669921875,
0.0666576400399208,
0.06845283508300781,
0.1239471435546875,
0.26478272676467896,
0.25792235136032104,
-0.29499512910842896,
0.2587036192417145,
-0.016300201416015625,
0.5161377191543579,
-0.09478607028722763,
0.22048339247703552,
0.838183581829071,
-0.21025390923023224,
0.2018756866455078,
0.15354004502296448,
-0.30810546875,
0.10439758002758026,
-0.02320403978228569,
0.07362060248851776,
-0.3923095762729645,
0.03360710293054581,
0.20858077704906464,
-0.23167724907398224,
-0.35698240995407104,
-0.3272949159145355,
0.08767624199390411,
-0.05011444166302681,
-0.07444152981042862,
0.12724857032299042,
0.13268813490867615,
-0.28221434354782104,
0.15554504096508026,
0.5713135004043579,
0.013066100887954235,
-0.5929931402206421,
-0.4462646543979645,
0.03457031399011612,
0.23696288466453552,
-0.1687774658203125,
-0.00981979351490736,
-0.22528991103172302,
0.664135754108429,
-0.40190428495407104,
0.583081066608429,
0.312582403421402,
-0.001556396484375,
-0.06655559688806534,
-0.24077148735523224,
-0.16266556084156036,
0.01954040490090847,
0.17460326850414276,
0.09193877875804901,
-0.11469421535730362,
-0.17203979194164276,
0.36652833223342896,
0.3447509706020355,
0.5333251953125,
-0.20267944037914276,
0.020038604736328125,
0.8119140863418579,
0.24234619736671448,
-0.4585937559604645,
-0.00404434185475111,
-0.15112915635108948,
-0.1235198974609375,
0.3752075135707855,
-0.7413574457168579,
-0.13536223769187927,
-0.268310546875,
0.18782997131347656,
0.17143554985523224,
0.42702215909957886,
0.18555602431297302,
-0.17669983208179474,
0.2989257872104645,
-0.3037963807582855,
-0.03940735012292862,
0.459228515625,
-0.14460448920726776,
0.00365447998046875,
-0.45854490995407104,
0.4636474549770355,
-0.029557472094893456,
-0.21612548828125,
0.3059936463832855,
0.4503417909145355,
-0.019592856988310814,
0.48649901151657104,
0.07873020321130753,
0.33256834745407104,
-0.02393646165728569,
0.2756591737270355,
0.18277588486671448,
-0.35969239473342896,
0.12973937392234802,
0.3365844786167145,
-0.26536864042282104,
0.610400378704071,
0.11293945461511612,
0.17140503227710724,
-0.10249481350183487,
0.13053283095359802,
0.4681396484375,
0.33356934785842896,
-0.05937347561120987,
0.04808769375085831,
0.09237289428710938,
-0.043740272521972656,
-0.21733245253562927,
-0.1703033447265625,
0.4162841737270355,
0.38444823026657104,
0.19839172065258026,
-0.024387741461396217,
0.05576019361615181,
-0.36962890625,
-0.242828369140625,
0.1453094482421875,
0.630053699016571,
0.5888427495956421,
-0.04110870510339737,
0.27171629667282104,
0.657910168170929,
0.05896873399615288,
-0.17136231064796448,
0.025534581393003464,
-0.03523712232708931,
-0.0713115707039833,
0.10798034816980362,
0.10272522270679474,
0.014848614111542702,
0.037549592554569244,
-0.1567031890153885,
-0.04227142408490181,
-0.2309272736310959,
-0.03944244235754013,
0.15881958603858948,
0.17468413710594177,
0.03150634840130806,
0.029611587524414062,
-0.18051452934741974,
0.49519044160842896,
-0.00019378661818336695,
0.2934936583042145,
0.024466704577207565,
4.146093845367432,
0.0345611572265625,
0.14764098823070526,
0.08946876227855682,
0.04301147535443306,
0.4013427793979645,
0.504565417766571,
-0.13439330458641052,
0.33759766817092896,
0.028412628918886185,
-0.14686278998851776,
0.33319091796875,
0.03360710293054581,
0.07051239162683487,
-0.030060578137636185,
0.24580077826976776,
0.25004881620407104,
0.0592498779296875,
-0.006123208906501532,
0.18110351264476776,
-0.3423095643520355,
0.38139647245407104,
0.42094725370407104,
0.36262208223342896,
0.11108627170324326,
0.011185264214873314,
0.04123248904943466,
-0.08721923828125,
0.345651239156723,
0.05556793138384819,
0.08640746772289276,
-0.029614638537168503,
-0.07984276115894318,
0.19838257133960724,
-1.11328125,
0.22504577040672302,
-0.00705795269459486,
0.41643065214157104,
-0.09345092624425888,
-0.031714629381895065,
-0.07449893653392792,
-0.168121337890625,
0.1523391753435135,
0.3897460997104645,
0.5072265863418579,
-0.19584044814109802,
-0.21915893256664276,
0.627978503704071,
0.12559814751148224,
0.632080078125,
0.04832420498132706,
0.12602463364601135,
0.14679566025733948,
-0.09165038913488388,
-0.01055984478443861,
0.4578613340854645,
0.44392091035842896,
0.46757811307907104,
-0.21517333388328552,
0.2618652284145355,
0.07686462253332138,
0.14898070693016052,
-0.04610252380371094,
-0.19952392578125,
-0.31226807832717896,
-0.139445498585701,
0.045654296875,
0.24737548828125,
0.18272705376148224,
-0.585620105266571,
0.542895495891571,
0.254913330078125,
0.03531317785382271,
0.07016678154468536,
-0.33647459745407104,
0.34912109375,
-0.3331542909145355,
0.3170532286167145,
0.12373657524585724,
-0.16109618544578552,
0.17274169623851776,
-0.06707773357629776,
0.12810668349266052,
0.2994140684604645,
-0.00930099468678236,
0.566455066204071,
0.29288941621780396,
0.2882446348667145,
0.5234130620956421,
0.13389739394187927,
0.4219726622104645,
-0.02946147881448269,
0.1615592986345291,
-0.06750869750976562,
-0.5496581792831421,
-0.10534010082483292,
0.34962159395217896,
-3.9556641578674316,
0.34521484375,
0.331857293844223,
-0.03948211669921875,
-0.02043762244284153,
-0.10516051948070526,
-0.002425766084343195,
0.2613525390625,
-0.4085449278354645,
0.3282714784145355,
0.2635742127895355,
0.21434631943702698,
-0.3673095703125,
0.8138672113418579,
0.11327514797449112,
0.12413635104894638,
0.00836868304759264,
0.31260985136032104,
-0.1062416061758995,
-0.200347900390625,
0.4259277284145355,
0.04417572170495987,
0.1539306640625,
-0.342926025390625,
0.2805236876010895,
0.15024414658546448,
-0.07846470177173615,
-0.030568694695830345,
0.323629766702652,
-0.04168529435992241,
0.133087158203125,
-0.17535400390625,
0.40083009004592896,
-0.37409669160842896,
0.09340278059244156,
0.23319396376609802,
0.555908203125,
0.22782592475414276,
0.5731445550918579,
0.34205323457717896,
0.016942953690886497,
-0.04431438446044922,
0.48773193359375,
0.125640869140625,
-0.16511917114257812,
0.3253540098667145,
-0.10563354194164276,
0.1311798095703125,
-0.244293212890625,
0.12271728366613388,
0.18682861328125,
0.21531982719898224,
-0.15285034477710724,
-0.26664429903030396,
0.5355224609375,
0.057990264147520065,
-0.07681121677160263,
-0.529541015625,
0.2743072509765625,
0.1769454926252365,
-0.0950469970703125,
0.29890137910842896,
0.10967330634593964,
-0.305450439453125,
0.27971190214157104,
0.16505050659179688,
-0.4951415956020355,
0.09558715671300888,
0.14783287048339844,
-0.3015197813510895,
0.27369385957717896,
0.4047607481479645,
-0.01946258544921875,
-0.17600707709789276,
0.21950073540210724,
0.431448370218277,
-0.124725341796875,
-0.12781468033790588,
0.592358410358429,
0.04147796705365181,
-0.18962402641773224,
-0.022978972643613815,
-0.2685790956020355,
-0.11894683539867401,
2.4419922828674316,
0.08396301418542862,
2.193554639816284,
-0.038123320788145065,
0.1439361572265625,
0.3913818299770355,
-0.41476744413375854,
0.011645102873444557,
-0.06604309380054474,
-0.0384979248046875,
-0.08020325005054474,
0.02042541466653347,
-0.20736083388328552,
0.27167969942092896,
-0.18806767463684082,
-0.20018310844898224,
0.35792237520217896,
-0.618518054485321,
-0.18271522223949432,
-0.22343750298023224,
0.22065429389476776,
0.09419555962085724,
0.081914521753788,
0.2943969666957855,
0.2478816956281662,
0.021738529205322266,
-0.4083496034145355,
0.06369362026453018,
-0.17429199814796448,
-0.242095947265625,
0.05013732984662056,
0.22791138291358948,
0.3293212950229645,
-0.151458740234375,
-0.19786377251148224,
-0.014186096377670765,
0.08419189602136612,
4.739453315734863,
-0.5055907964706421,
-0.3083740174770355,
-0.12726135551929474,
-0.09195785224437714,
-0.07925872504711151,
-0.13001862168312073,
-0.006480407901108265,
-0.0005905151483602822,
0.6383056640625,
0.22255554795265198,
0.555419921875,
0.4271240234375,
-0.46324461698532104,
0.17608642578125,
0.08796510845422745,
0.10036925971508026,
0.571582019329071,
0.3689941465854645,
0.025347519665956497,
0.16466064751148224,
0.016876220703125,
0.42167967557907104,
-0.14960631728172302,
-0.19183960556983948,
0.25994873046875,
0.37318116426467896,
-0.0407257080078125,
-0.08573303371667862,
-0.217906191945076,
0.08300475776195526,
5.453515529632568,
0.04089813306927681,
0.662060558795929,
-0.04193573072552681,
-0.21576538681983948,
0.387451171875,
-0.14783477783203125,
-0.18646392226219177,
-0.019126510247588158,
-0.04893137887120247,
0.20947265625,
0.34808349609375,
0.018392181023955345,
0.501635730266571,
-0.16264954209327698,
0.44654542207717896,
-0.4943603575229645,
0.32402342557907104,
0.15316161513328552,
-0.07647247612476349,
0.83203125,
0.051863860338926315,
-0.17774638533592224,
-0.08716659247875214,
-0.4548278748989105,
-0.017440414056181908,
0.20618896186351776,
0.1881103515625,
-0.09946899116039276,
0.02614421769976616,
0.29497069120407104,
0.100244902074337,
0.4568115174770355,
0.2670654356479645,
-0.568591296672821,
-0.19221802055835724,
-0.0666046142578125,
0.12130127102136612,
-0.3807128965854645,
-0.23699340224266052,
0.27006834745407104,
0.24857178330421448,
-0.08244552463293076,
-0.21662291884422302,
0.045314788818359375,
-0.1794387847185135,
-0.11537780612707138,
0.09487800300121307,
0.23775634169578552,
-0.16937866806983948,
0.24161377549171448,
-0.00653839111328125,
0.840087890625,
0.19716186821460724,
0.17963257431983948,
0.3915039002895355,
0.13733558356761932,
-0.02616119384765625,
0.16881103813648224,
0.013874816708266735,
0.4635009765625,
0.13147583603858948,
0.18237610161304474,
0.6461426019668579,
0.11105652153491974,
0.490478515625,
0.07799186557531357,
0.0021980286110192537,
0.6086670160293579,
0.015671825036406517,
-0.5324462652206421,
0.061634063720703125,
0.045812226831912994,
0.3058715760707855,
-0.08617858588695526,
0.4562011659145355,
-0.04514617845416069,
-0.23139648139476776,
0.15029887855052948,
-0.23604735732078552,
-0.055878449231386185,
0.09427795559167862,
-0.3700927793979645,
0.32867127656936646,
-0.1216835007071495,
-0.30064696073532104,
-0.3622802793979645,
0.22020263969898224,
0.3669189512729645,
-0.015401458367705345,
0.18543128669261932,
0.0003139495966024697,
0.12079010158777237,
0.3386474549770355,
0.09541626274585724,
-0.14812012016773224,
0.34307861328125,
0.9358886480331421,
0.07306136935949326,
0.755566418170929,
0.16647033393383026,
0.26390379667282104,
0.34417724609375,
-0.209991455078125,
0.09647216647863388,
-0.46630859375,
0.08613510429859161,
0.031679917126894,
-0.2737670838832855,
0.04564666748046875,
0.2713256776332855,
0.39470213651657104,
-0.4310546815395355,
-0.13708344101905823,
0.17197875678539276
] |
84 | How far is Milton Keynes from London? | [
{
"docid": "5617171#2",
"text": "Milton Keynes is a purpose-built, 'new city' in South East England. It is located about 45 miles (75 km) north west of London and approximately midway between Oxford and Cambridge. With other towns it forms the unitary authority of the Borough of Milton Keynes.",
"title": "Expansion plans for Milton Keynes"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "2161705#17",
"text": "Typical travel times in minutes by road \"(peak times in italics)\" are: central London 75 \"(110)\", Birmingham 45 \"(60)\", Manchester 120 \"(175)\", Leicester 50 \"(65)\", Oxford 50 \"(60)\", Cambridge 85 \"(130)\", Milton Keynes 20 \"(30)\". Travel times (peak) by rail (from April 2008) by West Midlands Trains - as well as Virgin Trains services in minutes are: from Northampton to Central London (Euston) 55, to Birmingham 65; from Milton Keynes to Central London 40 and Manchester 120. Airports at Heathrow, Gatwick, and Stansted as well as Birmingham Airport, Luton and East Midlands are all within easy reach. The village has bus services to Northampton, Towcester and Milton Keynes, though this is poor on Sundays and weekday evenings.",
"title": "Milton Malsor"
},
{
"docid": "1886949#0",
"text": "The Cambridge – Milton Keynes – Oxford corridor (formerly the Oxford-Cambridge Arc) is a notional arc of agricultural and urban land at about 80 km (about 50 miles) radius of London, in south central England. It runs between the two English university cities of Oxford and Cambridge via Milton Keynes and other settlements in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, at the northern rim of the London commuter belt. It is significant only in economic geography, with little physical geography in common.",
"title": "Cambridge – Milton Keynes – Oxford corridor"
},
{
"docid": "1931035#0",
"text": "Milton Keynes Central railway station serves Central Milton Keynes and the surrounding area of Milton Keynes, England. The station is located on the West Coast Main Line about northwest of London. The station is served by Virgin Trains intercity services, and by West Midlands Trains and Southern regional services.",
"title": "Milton Keynes Central railway station"
},
{
"docid": "1886949#6",
"text": "To facilitate this development (and wider national infrastructure needs for outer orbital routes around London), two major projects are underway or planned. Work has begun to extend East West Rail from Bicester to the West Coast Main Line at (Milton Keynes); onward extension to Cambridge is planned. Concurrently, detailed route options planning has begun on the Oxford-Milton Keynes phase that is to complete the Oxford-Cambridge Expressway (linking the A34 with the A14).",
"title": "Cambridge – Milton Keynes – Oxford corridor"
},
{
"docid": "488517#28",
"text": "At its AGM on 5 June 2006, the FSF again considered a motion proposed by the FSF Council to allow Milton Keynes Dons Supporters Association membership if the honours and trophies of Wimbledon FC were given to the London Borough of Merton. In October 2006, agreement was reached between the club, the Milton Keynes Dons Supporters Association, the Wimbledon Independent Supporters' Association and the Football Supporters Federation. The FA Cup trophy plus all club patrimony gathered under the name of Wimbledon F.C. would be returned to the London Borough of Merton. Ownership of trademarks and website domain names related to Wimbledon F.C. would also be transferred to the borough. As part of the same deal it was agreed that any reference made to Milton Keynes Dons FC should refer only to events subsequent to 7 August 2004 (the date of the first League game of Milton Keynes Dons FC). As a result of this deal, the FSF announced that the supporters of Milton Keynes Dons FC would be permitted to become members of the federation, and that it would no longer appeal to the supporters of other clubs to boycott Milton Keynes Dons' matches. On 2 August 2007, Milton Keynes Dons transferred ownership of all Wimbledon FC trophies and memorabilia to the London Borough of Merton.",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons F.C."
},
{
"docid": "1931035#17",
"text": "In June 2018, the Office of Rail and Road (ORR) approved an application by Great North Western Railway for 5 direct services per day from Blackpool North to London Euston calling at: , , , and Milton Keynes Central. The service is planned for September 2019.",
"title": "Milton Keynes Central railway station"
},
{
"docid": "29696528#4",
"text": "Milton Keynes, in northern Buckinghamshire, was established by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government as a new town on 23 January 1967. Named after the village of Milton Keynes already present on the site, it was formed primarily as a London overspill settlement following the recommendations of governmental studies in 1964 and 1965 to build \"a new city\" in Buckinghamshire incorporating existing towns such as Bletchley, Stony Stratford and Wolverton. This site was chosen as it was equidistant from London and Birmingham, close to main roads and railways, and near Luton Airport. About 40,000 people lived on the Milton Keynes site before 1967; the government set a target population of 250,000.",
"title": "Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes"
},
{
"docid": "6348972#0",
"text": "The Central Milton Keynes Shopping Area is a regional shopping centre located in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England which is about north-west of London. It comprises two adjacent shopping centres, the grade II listed building thecentre:mk which opened in 1979, and intu Milton Keynes (originally Midsummer Place) opened in 2000. The centre:mk is anchored by John Lewis, House of Fraser and Marks and Spencer, with Debenhams at intu Milton Keynes. The complex is the 14th largest shopping centre in the UK, with the size of 120,773 sq metres.",
"title": "Central Milton Keynes Shopping Centre"
},
{
"docid": "488517#4",
"text": "Milton Keynes, about north-west of London in Buckinghamshire, was established as a new town in 1967. In the absence of a professional football club representing the town—none of the local non-league teams progressed significantly through the English football league system or \"pyramid\" over the following decades—it was occasionally suggested that a Football League club might relocate there. There was no precedent in English league football for such a move between conurbations and the football authorities and most fans expressed strong opposition to the idea. Charlton Athletic briefly mooted moving to \"a progressive Midlands borough\" during a planning dispute with their local council in 1973, and the relocation of nearby Luton Town to Milton Keynes was repeatedly suggested from the 1980s onwards. Another team linked with the new town was Wimbledon Football Club.",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons F.C."
},
{
"docid": "148642#0",
"text": "Milton Keynes ( ), locally abbreviated to MK, is a large town in the Borough of Milton Keynes, of which it is the administrative centre. It was formally designated as a new town on 23 January 1967, with the design brief to become a \"city\" in scale. It is located about north-west of London.",
"title": "Milton Keynes"
},
{
"docid": "148642#4",
"text": "On 23 January 1967, when the formal new town designation order was made, the area to be developed was largely farmland and undeveloped villages. The site was deliberately located equidistant from London, Birmingham, Leicester, Oxford and Cambridge, with the intention that it would be self-sustaining and eventually become a major regional centre in its own right. Planning control was taken from elected local authorities and delegated to the Milton Keynes Development Corporation (MKDC). Before construction began, every area was subject to detailed archaeological investigation: doing so has exposed a rich history of human settlement since Neolithic times and has provided a unique insight into the history of a large sample of the landscape of North Buckinghamshire.",
"title": "Milton Keynes"
},
{
"docid": "148642#3",
"text": "In the 1960s, the UK Government decided that a further generation of new towns in the South East of England was needed to relieve housing congestion in London.\nSince the 1950s, overspill housing for several London boroughs had been constructed in Bletchley. Further studies in the 1960s identified north Buckinghamshire as a possible site for a large new town, a new city, encompassing the existing towns of Bletchley, Stony Stratford and Wolverton. The New Town (informally and in planning documents, \"New City\") was to be the biggest yet, with a target population of 250,000, in a \"designated area\" of The name \"Milton Keynes\" was taken from the existing village of Milton Keynes on the site.",
"title": "Milton Keynes"
}
] | [
0.22496338188648224,
0.15201111137866974,
0.3824096620082855,
0.4203857481479645,
-0.12169799953699112,
-0.04472045972943306,
0.3694824278354645,
-0.35954588651657104,
-0.0874732956290245,
0.15056458115577698,
-0.08837737888097763,
-0.32744139432907104,
-0.2638916075229645,
-0.5851806402206421,
0.10054168850183487,
0.32600098848342896,
0.565136730670929,
-0.14174118638038635,
-0.183258056640625,
0.15198364853858948,
-0.24713134765625,
0.674609363079071,
-0.26799315214157104,
0.054206084460020065,
0.0028331757057458162,
0.4903564453125,
-0.2567504942417145,
0.14875487983226776,
0.04070577770471573,
0.052408598363399506,
0.2740112245082855,
-0.024665068835020065,
0.17520752549171448,
0.507824718952179,
-0.31633299589157104,
0.5017334222793579,
0.2589355409145355,
-0.42365723848342896,
-0.1822509765625,
0.5202881097793579,
0.09969177097082138,
0.05575980991125107,
0.5359863042831421,
0.2750244140625,
0.377197265625,
0.4868408143520355,
0.09731445461511612,
-0.11638794094324112,
-0.2919982969760895,
0.18187256157398224,
-0.192962646484375,
0.07782898098230362,
0.2956298887729645,
-0.2858520448207855,
-0.286080926656723,
0.11846923828125,
-0.06631183624267578,
0.2976623475551605,
-0.37971192598342896,
0.25755614042282104,
0.11177368462085724,
0.28406065702438354,
0.012186050415039062,
-0.18048095703125,
0.10113449394702911,
0.35624998807907104,
-0.007611083798110485,
0.23941650986671448,
0.3363281190395355,
0.009724259376525879,
-0.03427238389849663,
0.4711669981479645,
0.37202149629592896,
0.10326080024242401,
-0.08224944770336151,
-0.11214371025562286,
0.133351132273674,
-0.4089111387729645,
0.08842162787914276,
-0.22156524658203125,
0.2293235808610916,
-0.14766845107078552,
-0.05180206149816513,
0.17106017470359802,
-0.4410156309604645,
0.45170897245407104,
-0.11452655494213104,
0.08376464992761612,
0.38054198026657104,
0.38618165254592896,
-0.08458252251148224,
0.06850586086511612,
-0.09266471862792969,
-0.21924133598804474,
0.32152098417282104,
0.21147461235523224,
-0.23523560166358948,
0.07485046237707138,
0.09106902778148651,
-0.281707763671875,
-0.1654052734375,
-0.11602020263671875,
0.0036203383933752775,
0.018395042046904564,
0.34300535917282104,
-0.501782238483429,
-0.07181663811206818,
-0.01862034760415554,
-0.22304077446460724,
0.21076659858226776,
0.31947022676467896,
-0.45854490995407104,
0.02546234056353569,
0.06218833848834038,
0.24831923842430115,
0.2707153260707855,
0.3060974180698395,
-0.2021484375,
-0.2337600737810135,
-1.037744164466858,
0.188934326171875,
0.3212036192417145,
-0.22359618544578552,
0.0942302718758583,
-0.32728272676467896,
-0.11240539699792862,
0.581616222858429,
0.045227814465761185,
0.564746081829071,
0.49763184785842896,
0.6282958984375,
0.5372314453125,
0.20183411240577698,
0.760986328125,
0.1263885498046875,
0.4485107362270355,
0.24403075873851776,
-0.030739594250917435,
-0.052751921117305756,
-0.12205352634191513,
0.2171630859375,
-0.16693115234375,
0.3311401307582855,
0.708447277545929,
0.020800422877073288,
0.46552735567092896,
0.11465759575366974,
0.16092529892921448,
-0.22139319777488708,
0.09391021728515625,
0.11687545478343964,
-0.029198741540312767,
-0.32316893339157104,
0.4759765565395355,
0.014865112490952015,
-0.185688778758049,
0.2237648069858551,
0.3022094666957855,
-0.12687377631664276,
0.0013580322265625,
0.690722644329071,
0.39799803495407104,
0.627490222454071,
-0.40800780057907104,
0.3208679258823395,
-0.03109588660299778,
0.20418700575828552,
0.5041259527206421,
0.625537097454071,
0.099884033203125,
-0.13840027153491974,
-0.19096679985523224,
0.27598875761032104,
-0.24982909858226776,
-0.03372345119714737,
0.3839111328125,
-0.28806763887405396,
0.03746337816119194,
0.06285400688648224,
-0.2677368223667145,
-0.2050018310546875,
0.4269042909145355,
0.029815673828125,
-0.29461669921875,
0.526171863079071,
0.48039549589157104,
-0.06549682468175888,
-0.25965577363967896,
-0.03369750827550888,
-0.015647972002625465,
0.08999176323413849,
0.06641540676355362,
0.40818482637405396,
0.01348800677806139,
0.30656737089157104,
0.15814819931983948,
-0.05425434187054634,
0.2842651307582855,
0.11199340969324112,
0.757128894329071,
-0.09710540622472763,
0.12792053818702698,
-0.39262694120407104,
0.36774903535842896,
0.24063721299171448,
-0.50616455078125,
-0.09185180813074112,
0.555908203125,
-0.1643199920654297,
0.01553955115377903,
0.3365631103515625,
0.097936250269413,
0.4196411073207855,
0.13077440857887268,
-0.34575194120407104,
0.11161498725414276,
-0.20622558891773224,
0.0907260924577713,
0.39513856172561646,
0.11186523735523224,
-0.2518554627895355,
0.2744995057582855,
-0.14893989264965057,
-0.20209960639476776,
0.19102172553539276,
-0.19337157905101776,
-0.019328689202666283,
-0.7303711175918579,
0.09384765475988388,
0.6419922113418579,
0.041910551488399506,
0.03839721530675888,
0.08170776069164276,
-0.375885009765625,
-0.21352538466453552,
0.20229491591453552,
-0.30424195528030396,
0.14124755561351776,
-0.05237732082605362,
-0.161357119679451,
0.137481689453125,
-0.524169921875,
-0.3797851502895355,
0.16550293564796448,
0.21721191704273224,
-0.03891601413488388,
0.23349609971046448,
0.29388427734375,
-0.2921386659145355,
-0.4400878846645355,
-0.1682785004377365,
-0.01863403245806694,
0.04292450100183487,
0.0031484602950513363,
0.02341003343462944,
0.18217162787914276,
0.15552978217601776,
-0.23147229850292206,
-0.07443008571863174,
0.43071287870407104,
0.3175415098667145,
0.36750489473342896,
0.23247070610523224,
0.113006591796875,
-0.19600677490234375,
-0.08020325005054474,
0.10591735690832138,
0.45024412870407104,
0.07092132419347763,
0.5226165652275085,
0.4324951171875,
-0.09350700676441193,
0.11989136040210724,
-0.09506797790527344,
-0.4687255918979645,
-0.4423828125,
0.21510009467601776,
-0.19703368842601776,
-0.372802734375,
0.31618040800094604,
0.4419189393520355,
-0.09614715725183487,
-0.3990722596645355,
0.11574020236730576,
0.33140867948532104,
-0.1715797483921051,
-0.08222885429859161,
-0.16294555366039276,
-0.166656494140625,
0.3052001893520355,
0.662890613079071,
0.3138061463832855,
0.31214600801467896,
-0.4168762266635895,
-0.00125885009765625,
0.603466808795929,
-0.3674072325229645,
0.17127075791358948,
0.16343078017234802,
-0.42438966035842896,
0.41053467988967896,
-0.4467529356479645,
0.1899269074201584,
0.501220703125,
0.18782958388328552,
0.13783569633960724,
0.06475219875574112,
0.23914794623851776,
-0.07979736477136612,
0.1462249755859375,
0.3800903260707855,
-0.09868164360523224,
0.10313110053539276,
0.19678345322608948,
0.194854736328125,
-0.11553917080163956,
0.7830566167831421,
-0.0015251159202307463,
0.15459899604320526,
0.22005614638328552,
-0.019619274884462357,
-0.43348389863967896,
-0.43559569120407104,
-0.21823731064796448,
0.4329833984375,
-0.23624572157859802,
-0.005969238467514515,
-0.2811035215854645,
0.6041015386581421,
0.20297852158546448,
0.5385528802871704,
-0.35871583223342896,
0.07520446926355362,
0.024077225476503372,
-0.20130005478858948,
0.27354735136032104,
-0.42078858613967896,
0.22038574516773224,
0.4899658262729645,
-0.41058349609375,
-0.06082306057214737,
-0.11344528198242188,
0.12149810791015625,
0.2688354551792145,
-0.06326980888843536,
0.17311401665210724,
0.20973511040210724,
0.151092529296875,
0.42070311307907104,
0.18171386420726776,
-0.31232911348342896,
0.064361572265625,
-0.3638366758823395,
0.2606445252895355,
0.020929669961333275,
-0.04715728759765625,
-0.21422119438648224,
-0.33164674043655396,
0.12063751369714737,
-0.21092529594898224,
0.2505249083042145,
0.3392578065395355,
0.18751677870750427,
0.35374754667282104,
0.08141021430492401,
0.032588958740234375,
-0.22304077446460724,
-0.219146728515625,
0.16967162489891052,
0.3874267637729645,
-0.2012786865234375,
-0.050467826426029205,
-0.3134521543979645,
0.22580567002296448,
-0.4393310546875,
-0.09635652601718903,
0.24212646484375,
0.3134521543979645,
0.43940430879592896,
0.47111815214157104,
0.2967895567417145,
0.6632324457168579,
0.4869140684604645,
0.2756286561489105,
0.067138671875,
-0.16755828261375427,
0.18339233100414276,
-0.046068571507930756,
0.08119811862707138,
-0.0044956207275390625,
0.22159728407859802,
0.09873580932617188,
-0.08118057250976562,
-0.16636963188648224,
-0.603833019733429,
0.00909271277487278,
0.10861511528491974,
0.4784179627895355,
-0.12010498344898224,
-0.10404358059167862,
-0.023656368255615234,
0.17517700791358948,
0.26130372285842896,
0.19975586235523224,
4.178320407867432,
0.3441406190395355,
-0.0673675537109375,
-0.19950561225414276,
-0.27442628145217896,
0.2685790956020355,
0.020217204466462135,
-0.4344482421875,
0.12253417819738388,
0.1263076812028885,
-0.022457312792539597,
0.22244873642921448,
-0.06415853649377823,
0.40363770723342896,
-0.09230522811412811,
0.3962158262729645,
0.18367767333984375,
0.2501464784145355,
-0.12388992309570312,
0.2503906190395355,
-0.714404284954071,
0.21618041396141052,
0.12547913193702698,
-0.18120117485523224,
0.4490966796875,
-0.11199951171875,
0.16510009765625,
-0.12347564846277237,
0.31760865449905396,
0.07820053398609161,
-0.07577209174633026,
-0.205230712890625,
0.17229919135570526,
0.30927735567092896,
-1.143701195716858,
0.31176528334617615,
0.24501343071460724,
0.35296630859375,
-0.06310119479894638,
-0.06671486049890518,
0.026303863152861595,
-0.24615478515625,
0.6863037347793579,
0.5171142816543579,
-0.04322357103228569,
-0.12189330905675888,
-0.1854228973388672,
0.37055665254592896,
-0.0717037171125412,
0.010969733819365501,
0.22222900390625,
0.18047943711280823,
-0.18538817763328552,
0.00475311279296875,
0.36613768339157104,
0.4029296934604645,
0.35009765625,
0.421630859375,
-0.023346710950136185,
-0.43623048067092896,
0.224822998046875,
0.23541259765625,
-0.24226684868335724,
-0.01023178081959486,
-0.43046873807907104,
-0.30103760957717896,
-0.05084533616900444,
0.34077757596969604,
0.105626679956913,
-0.3528808653354645,
0.4547485411167145,
0.4666992127895355,
0.683349609375,
-0.35761719942092896,
0.12531737983226776,
0.4672607481479645,
-0.43925780057907104,
0.295602411031723,
-0.22520752251148224,
0.14534911513328552,
0.15815429389476776,
-0.3270263671875,
0.006960106082260609,
0.43183594942092896,
0.038130950182676315,
0.733203113079071,
0.020241547375917435,
-0.048555754125118256,
0.4620361328125,
0.07448425143957138,
0.2621704041957855,
0.3259033262729645,
-0.04750823974609375,
0.5953124761581421,
-0.05132751539349556,
0.21471557021141052,
-0.1500595062971115,
-3.992382764816284,
0.12157287448644638,
0.18932494521141052,
-0.3299560546875,
0.205108642578125,
-0.15828247368335724,
0.04425210878252983,
0.524243175983429,
-0.3800048828125,
-0.1288478821516037,
-0.12559814751148224,
-0.165435791015625,
-0.010811137966811657,
0.256033331155777,
-0.03843116760253906,
0.12356414645910263,
-0.263641357421875,
0.08673401176929474,
0.19117431342601776,
-0.18145141005516052,
-0.2335132658481598,
-0.07769336551427841,
0.36561280488967896,
0.0097198486328125,
0.09816589206457138,
0.21698608994483948,
-0.42192381620407104,
-0.09517593681812286,
0.04524688795208931,
0.21405029296875,
-0.02674255333840847,
0.21455077826976776,
0.18214111030101776,
-0.11152038723230362,
0.22147826850414276,
0.4200439453125,
0.05829010158777237,
0.14757385849952698,
0.009069060906767845,
0.07755661010742188,
-0.14808349311351776,
-0.4227050840854645,
0.54931640625,
0.3243408203125,
-0.23748779296875,
0.40202635526657104,
-0.1933441162109375,
0.0021266937255859375,
0.12247314304113388,
0.29536134004592896,
0.49260252714157104,
0.3396240174770355,
0.0979461669921875,
-0.24309082329273224,
0.47021484375,
0.18082427978515625,
-0.12172546237707138,
-0.15960082411766052,
0.47148436307907104,
-0.1251409500837326,
-0.19313354790210724,
-0.0069061280228197575,
0.08780594170093536,
-0.07987670600414276,
0.052459716796875,
-0.33332520723342896,
0.16764526069164276,
0.5540771484375,
0.110216423869133,
-0.23912963271141052,
0.10919189453125,
-0.00706138601526618,
0.06441917270421982,
-0.21621398627758026,
0.4937988221645355,
0.2620605528354645,
-0.021651078015565872,
-0.10654754936695099,
0.45625001192092896,
-0.020368386059999466,
0.06603851169347763,
0.24483565986156464,
-0.3888183534145355,
0.561816394329071,
2.24560546875,
0.4695800840854645,
2.3008790016174316,
0.46003419160842896,
0.015908431261777878,
0.135894775390625,
-0.191680908203125,
-0.10934634506702423,
-0.08290863037109375,
0.12080688774585724,
0.05909118801355362,
0.507092297077179,
-0.06997833400964737,
0.1316680908203125,
0.009720993228256702,
-0.19716796278953552,
0.45849609375,
-1.0525634288787842,
0.11671676486730576,
0.48750001192092896,
0.68701171875,
0.3164428770542145,
0.10311584174633026,
0.3661254942417145,
-0.141143798828125,
0.022271346300840378,
-0.15042419731616974,
0.0300445556640625,
0.032636262476444244,
-0.07495422661304474,
0.03348083421587944,
-0.01144256629049778,
0.18547973036766052,
-0.07006378471851349,
0.14989013969898224,
-0.250335693359375,
-0.14523926377296448,
4.678515434265137,
0.13575515151023865,
0.17106933891773224,
-0.44267576932907104,
-0.145233154296875,
0.186065673828125,
0.26008301973342896,
-0.014698314480483532,
0.06395263969898224,
0.7047363519668579,
0.2887206971645355,
0.38719481229782104,
0.05103759840130806,
-0.09698715060949326,
0.549145519733429,
0.44562989473342896,
-0.06175079196691513,
0.15360717475414276,
-0.01764221116900444,
0.24092407524585724,
-0.018598174676299095,
0.05848236009478569,
-0.1566619873046875,
0.26475828886032104,
-0.11330795288085938,
0.4151367247104645,
-0.06480827182531357,
-0.3898559510707855,
0.013020706363022327,
0.5981689691543579,
0.12065811455249786,
5.467577934265137,
0.3597168028354645,
0.17894287407398224,
-0.1603207141160965,
0.06737804412841797,
0.3216186463832855,
-0.15397033095359802,
-0.09535827487707138,
-0.20177611708641052,
0.03685913234949112,
-0.08110199123620987,
-0.07958374172449112,
0.001079559326171875,
0.31126707792282104,
0.18184204399585724,
0.08088073879480362,
-0.003191995667293668,
0.26160889863967896,
0.13097743690013885,
0.13245391845703125,
0.578198254108429,
0.06635589897632599,
0.3731933534145355,
-0.724072277545929,
-0.04567356035113335,
-0.05851440504193306,
0.056728363037109375,
0.5498046875,
0.005871581844985485,
0.0772857666015625,
0.2626098692417145,
0.09196548163890839,
0.17619629204273224,
0.14381714165210724,
0.03343505784869194,
0.39020997285842896,
0.793896496295929,
0.26362305879592896,
0.04058389738202095,
-0.027398299425840378,
0.24503174424171448,
0.28118896484375,
-0.16098174452781677,
-0.023993873968720436,
0.05911674350500107,
-0.0853370651602745,
0.10745849460363388,
-0.03307952731847763,
-0.20245361328125,
0.22273559868335724,
-0.22270746529102325,
0.130268856883049,
1.0004394054412842,
-0.0041984557174146175,
0.35529786348342896,
0.2787231504917145,
-0.15459290146827698,
0.3796142637729645,
0.234344482421875,
-0.20565184950828552,
0.24568481743335724,
0.184478759765625,
0.10798797756433487,
0.4857177734375,
0.26343995332717896,
0.19570007920265198,
0.04501952975988388,
-0.05650358274579048,
0.47844237089157104,
-0.10837707668542862,
0.03739278391003609,
0.27775269746780396,
-0.372802734375,
-0.3076171875,
0.06955070793628693,
-0.053621672093868256,
0.27838438749313354,
0.23768310248851776,
0.23946532607078552,
-0.0891571044921875,
-0.27766114473342896,
-0.28814697265625,
-0.11161728203296661,
-0.030308151617646217,
0.39299315214157104,
0.25267332792282104,
-0.18345336616039276,
0.22083739936351776,
0.4571899473667145,
0.15501709282398224,
0.15218201279640198,
0.4935546815395355,
-0.11249084770679474,
0.0029201507568359375,
0.3078765869140625,
0.148712158203125,
-0.22263488173484802,
0.5506836175918579,
-0.06615523993968964,
0.26359862089157104,
0.34356689453125,
0.2752685546875,
0.010990905575454235,
-0.21512413024902344,
0.12113799899816513,
-0.055187225341796875,
-0.0214385986328125,
0.035239409655332565,
0.1823272705078125,
0.0411619171500206,
0.4239257872104645,
0.4944213926792145,
-0.016077423468232155,
0.20692214369773865,
-0.05001220852136612
] |
85 | Does Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War have a second game? | [
{
"docid": "14204085#7",
"text": "Some notable original mods and campaigns have been created, such as \"Wings of Dawn\" which takes place in an anime-style world, and \"Blue Planet\" which offers a continuation of \"Freespace 2\", telling of a civil war between Earth and the GTVA. \"The FreeSpace Port\", sometimes called FSPort, ports the original \"Descent: FreeSpaceThe Great War\" to the \"FreeSpace 2\" and SCP engine with many graphical enhancements, and serves as a base for many mods set in the FreeSpace: Great War era, such as \"Shrouding the Light\" and \"Awakenings\". \"Silent Threat: Reborn\" similarly ports the \"Silent Threat\" expansion for Descent: Freespace into the Freespace 2 SCP engine.",
"title": "FreeSpace 2 Source Code Project"
},
{
"docid": "307541#1",
"text": "\"Descent: FreeSpace\" was well received as a single-player space simulation that integrated all the desired features of its genre, from competent AI wingmen, to the presence of large capital ships that not only dwarf the fighters piloted by the player, but also explode spectacularly when destroyed. However, the game's multiplayer mode was criticised, as it was plagued by lag and inaccurate tracking of statistics. An expansion for the game, which was less well received, was also released in 1998 under the title of \"Silent Threat\", and focuses on events after the main game's campaign with the player working for an intelligence branch of the Terrans' armed forces that later attempt to overthrow the Terran government. A sequel to \"Descent: FreeSpace\" entitled \"FreeSpace 2\", was released in 1999 to critical acclaim.",
"title": "Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "307541#0",
"text": "Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War, also known as Conflict: FreeSpace – The Great War in Europe, or simply just FreeSpace; is a 1998 space combat simulation IBM PC compatible computer game developed by Volition, when it was split off from Parallax Software, and published by Interplay Productions. In 2001, it was ported to the Amiga platform as FreeSpace: The Great War by Hyperion Entertainment. The game places players in the role of a human pilot, who operates in several classes of starfighter and combats against opposing forces, either human or alien, in various space-faring environments, such as in orbit above a planet or within an asteroid belt. The story of the game's single player campaign focuses on a war in the 24th century between two factions, one human and the other alien, that is interrupted in its fourteenth year by the arrival of an enigmatic and militant alien race, whose genocidal advance forces the two sides into a ceasefire in order to work together to halt the threat.",
"title": "Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War"
},
{
"docid": "307541#18",
"text": "\"FreeSpace\" was Volition's first project after the split from Parallax Software, which also spawned Outrage Entertainment. It is not part of the canon of the \"Descent\" computer game series, and contained none of its ideas and only small portions of its code. It was only prefixed with \"Descent\" to avoid trademark issues with Mijenix Corporation's \"FreeSpace\", a disk compression utility. Volition also used the term \"FreeSpace\" in the game to initially describe what became later known as subspace. The game was conceived by Adam Pletcher, with all the features of space simulator games his team had found to be fun. The games \"\" and \"Wing Commander\" were their primary inspirations, and those influences made their way into the game's flight model, along with the influence of historical WWII dogfights. Themes from the fiction of \"Star Wars\", \"\", and \"Ender's Game\" form a part in shaping the background and story of the \"FreeSpace\" world. The chaotic battles between masses of ships commonly found in science-fiction anime became one of the features of \"FreeSpace\".",
"title": "Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War"
},
{
"docid": "167782#47",
"text": "\"\" was released by Volition in 1998. It shared the \"Descent\" name, but otherwise had no connection to the series; it was given the \"Descent\" prefix to avoid trademark issues with \"FreeSpace\", a disk compression utility (in Europe, it was released as \"Conflict: FreeSpace – The Great War\"). \"FreeSpace\" was a space simulator, and while it was still technically a 3D shooter, it did not retain \"Descent\"s characteristic \"six degrees of freedom\" control scheme, save for a cheat code that would force the player's ship to loosely mimic \"Descent\"s physics. Some early drafts of the \"FreeSpace\" story had the pilot searching for \"Descent\"s \"Material Defender\", but the story of the finished game was unrelated.",
"title": "Descent (1995 video game)"
},
{
"docid": "307541#28",
"text": "The Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated \"Descent: FreeSpace\" for its 1998 \"Simulation Game of the Year\" award, although it lost to \"\". \"Descent: FreeSpace\" was a finalist for \"Computer Games Strategy Plus\"s \"Sci-Fi Simulation of the Year\" and \"Computer Gaming World\"s \"Best Space Sim\" awards in 1998, both of which ultimately went to \"I-War\". The editors of \"Computer Gaming World\" called it \"an excellent game, featuring some of the best wing-man AI to hit the genre, but it was too derivative of previous space sims.\" \"PC Gamer US\" nominated it as the year's best action game, and its editors wrote that \"\"Freespace\" came from nowhere to wrest the 3D space combat crown from the \"Wing Commander\" series with style.\" However, this award went to \"Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six\".",
"title": "Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War"
},
{
"docid": "307541#20",
"text": "Apogee Software announced on December 12, 1997 that they would be exclusively publishing \"FreeSpace\" for the first three months before handing the publishing rights back to Interplay Entertainment. This was part of their agreement with Interplay for the latter's purchase of the rights to \"Descent\", and Apogee decided to release \"FreeSpace\" as shareware, with themselves as the merchant of the registered version. Interplay, however, bought the full rights to \"FreeSpace\" from Apogee in late April, 1998, keeping the ownership of the game solely to themselves.",
"title": "Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War"
},
{
"docid": "307541#23",
"text": "PC Data, which tracked computer game sales in the United States, reported that \"Descent: FreeSpace\" earned nearly $4 million and sold around 100,000 copies by October 1999.",
"title": "Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War"
},
{
"docid": "307541#22",
"text": "On December 14, 1999, Hyperion Entertainment announced their acquisition of the license to port \"FreeSpace\" to the Amiga system. The publisher was changed to Haage & Partner Computer on October 18, 2001. Despite the game's official release being announced for December 2001, the approval to do so could only be gotten on January 7, 2002. The game was shipped without a printed manual, but had additional German and French language support. Hyperion had stated they would port over \"Silent Threat\" if the \"FreeSpace\" port sold well. To date, \"Silent Threat\" has yet to be ported over to the Amiga platform.",
"title": "Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War"
},
{
"docid": "307541#2",
"text": "\"Descent: FreeSpace\" features two distinctive modes of play - a single player campaign and multiplayer matches - with the game's main menu designed around the interior of a ship's quarterdeck, with various elements (mostly doors) leading to different options, such as starting a new game, configuring the game, reviewing the crafts featured in the game and various story elements, and replaying completed single player missions. In both modes, the player controls their craft and other commands through either a joystick, or a keyboard (either on its own or with a mouse), and primarily view the game's environments from the first-person perspective of a cockpit within a starfighter. While the game features additional 3rd-person camera viewpoints, the game's interface - the head-up display (HUD) - can only be viewed from the primary viewpoint, and can be customised with different colours. Because of the flexibility in the control scheme, some have categorised the game as being a flight simulator, since it has more controls and commands than a typical arcade game, yet its flight model is simple, akin to that of the game \"\", and incorporates some elements of Newtonian physics such as precise collision physics.",
"title": "Descent: FreeSpace – The Great War"
}
] | [
0.8094075322151184,
-0.07273716479539871,
-0.17246945202350616,
0.031855687499046326,
0.08010143786668777,
0.14980284869670868,
0.7670627236366272,
-0.2847222089767456,
0.3281182050704956,
0.4529486894607544,
-0.4117821455001831,
-0.5916069746017456,
-0.07592985033988953,
-0.3299051821231842,
-0.03636254370212555,
-0.2425282746553421,
0.7122938632965088,
0.06153954565525055,
-0.0848626047372818,
0.199310302734375,
-0.3593410849571228,
0.4907904863357544,
-0.12613147497177124,
-0.031473372131586075,
0.00712543074041605,
-0.0545332171022892,
-0.2519056499004364,
0.5446234941482544,
0.10550032556056976,
0.11041683703660965,
0.13449351489543915,
-0.040439870208501816,
-0.05791701376438141,
0.6521267294883728,
-0.20857153832912445,
0.3720703125,
0.1761067658662796,
0.11110666394233704,
0.3097568154335022,
0.3800303041934967,
0.061088137328624725,
-0.05489688366651535,
0.23822021484375,
-0.2072041779756546,
0.3167080283164978,
-0.1526777446269989,
0.2884911298751831,
0.3386298418045044,
0.0382419154047966,
0.20890215039253235,
-0.1476033478975296,
-0.3321755826473236,
-0.2708604633808136,
-0.05136193335056305,
-0.2659217119216919,
0.46487343311309814,
-0.4863756000995636,
-0.07671006768941879,
-0.02036402001976967,
-0.1592424213886261,
0.12476793676614761,
0.23853111267089844,
-0.01683521270751953,
0.04071931168437004,
-0.3291727602481842,
-0.006545808631926775,
-0.07346449792385101,
-0.1287994384765625,
0.0452304407954216,
0.3578694760799408,
0.08313772082328796,
0.8381076455116272,
0.3836669921875,
0.2457495778799057,
-0.07215126603841782,
-0.030787574127316475,
0.14539146423339844,
0.0837215855717659,
0.5169338583946228,
-0.20820066332817078,
0.3875732421875,
-0.212249755859375,
-0.3956705629825592,
0.3294745683670044,
0.05464935302734375,
0.4742296040058136,
-0.2313910573720932,
0.2312893271446228,
0.1304846853017807,
0.5460612177848816,
-0.0032227833289653063,
-0.046143848448991776,
-0.04541439563035965,
0.1978200227022171,
0.07406939566135406,
0.5434706211090088,
0.1699727326631546,
-0.1321987509727478,
-0.099285788834095,
-0.2451409250497818,
-0.039318084716796875,
-0.3850301206111908,
-0.06255340576171875,
0.3882717490196228,
0.1792873740196228,
-0.1647779643535614,
-0.879638671875,
0.0250108502805233,
0.061759524047374725,
0.3654581606388092,
-0.0007425944204442203,
-0.2885403037071228,
0.1738993376493454,
0.2845119833946228,
-0.10104889422655106,
0.4683023989200592,
0.3932240903377533,
-0.2530110776424408,
-0.40419450402259827,
-0.5992295742034912,
0.2490437775850296,
0.1963416188955307,
-0.2923041582107544,
0.4158816933631897,
-0.14001719653606415,
-0.4288669228553772,
0.6060926914215088,
-0.012291749007999897,
0.6440700888633728,
0.1716478168964386,
0.1377362161874771,
-0.0935550257563591,
0.3008660078048706,
0.5362955927848816,
0.1324039101600647,
-0.0766381174325943,
0.5335150957107544,
-0.06610531359910965,
-0.31415727734565735,
-0.1672549843788147,
-0.06666819006204605,
0.016189681366086006,
0.3569267988204956,
0.5105862021446228,
-0.0995720773935318,
-0.0009746551513671875,
0.1432105153799057,
0.5317654013633728,
0.09136411547660828,
0.6418049931526184,
0.09099377691745758,
0.4240180253982544,
-0.4068501889705658,
0.4115058183670044,
-0.10012997686862946,
0.1601312905550003,
0.4863416850566864,
0.5685628056526184,
-0.142242431640625,
0.05201445519924164,
0.7146809697151184,
0.3061930239200592,
0.10302320867776871,
0.17498312890529633,
0.5094884037971497,
-0.1411488801240921,
-0.2986856997013092,
0.7145588994026184,
0.554443359375,
0.015984348952770233,
0.038810305297374725,
0.1727125346660614,
0.19612842798233032,
-0.1083831787109375,
-0.019379721954464912,
0.059459686279296875,
-0.4314914345741272,
0.07991409301757812,
0.09486240893602371,
-0.1507432758808136,
0.2446865439414978,
0.219268798828125,
0.31537458300590515,
-0.026570213958621025,
0.4827474057674408,
0.3161214292049408,
0.2746022641658783,
0.0813755989074707,
-0.3940158486366272,
0.3360256552696228,
0.3100009560585022,
0.4271257221698761,
0.8210720419883728,
-0.1661563515663147,
0.3903266191482544,
0.3671163022518158,
-0.03376568853855133,
0.2472517192363739,
-0.2421230673789978,
0.1890394389629364,
-0.4264712929725647,
-0.19647938013076782,
-0.1932849884033203,
0.2091607004404068,
0.642578125,
-0.1684892475605011,
0.1731787770986557,
0.09778086096048355,
-0.3948025107383728,
-0.0694097951054573,
0.05404239147901535,
0.1818712055683136,
-0.14664629101753235,
0.23780399560928345,
-0.10557598620653152,
0.6698676347732544,
-0.26277583837509155,
-0.0721622034907341,
0.438018798828125,
0.3502061665058136,
-0.3169826865196228,
0.3977118730545044,
-0.18451690673828125,
-0.6116672158241272,
0.2345954030752182,
-0.4982774555683136,
-0.23358154296875,
-0.5052015781402588,
0.1075965017080307,
0.41748046875,
0.5317314863204956,
0.12199804186820984,
-0.0630577951669693,
-0.4924350380897522,
0.06267908215522766,
0.4008246660232544,
0.4964599609375,
-0.1438581645488739,
-0.4044393002986908,
0.19695451855659485,
0.16688887774944305,
0.06776004284620285,
-0.1534576416015625,
-0.1391431987285614,
0.512939453125,
-0.15865834057331085,
0.4389919638633728,
0.5250651240348816,
-0.2135213166475296,
-0.1190134659409523,
0.1814914345741272,
-0.0633460134267807,
-0.0469258613884449,
0.4238552451133728,
-0.1927727609872818,
0.08094024658203125,
0.3002251386642456,
-0.6593017578125,
0.1795552521944046,
0.2651435136795044,
0.24227353930473328,
0.1869303435087204,
0.18658447265625,
0.05512078478932381,
-0.4304877519607544,
-0.2191399484872818,
0.2908393144607544,
0.5297580361366272,
-0.2854580283164978,
0.2417399138212204,
0.576324462890625,
-0.3173828125,
0.0936516672372818,
0.3312545418739319,
-0.2014058381319046,
-0.07828649133443832,
0.5495266318321228,
-0.1728617399930954,
-0.3608330488204956,
-0.1468963623046875,
0.4619649350643158,
-0.23098796606063843,
-0.4105224609375,
-0.2811177670955658,
0.03227382153272629,
0.3170437216758728,
-0.3383517861366272,
-0.18215645849704742,
0.0914272740483284,
-0.03264257684350014,
0.03263664245605469,
0.3861897885799408,
0.1525132954120636,
-0.24613656103610992,
0.20390871167182922,
0.4225667417049408,
0.10229174047708511,
0.15770000219345093,
-0.16138416528701782,
-0.2556491494178772,
0.5829806923866272,
-0.2548845112323761,
0.008721351623535156,
-0.3918948769569397,
0.009639316238462925,
-0.019603200256824493,
-0.14530426263809204,
-0.2733272910118103,
-0.4505276083946228,
0.1805097758769989,
0.4094730019569397,
-0.3063795268535614,
0.0056669446639716625,
0.35128042101860046,
0.3665025532245636,
0.6681857705116272,
0.2469957172870636,
0.09498882293701172,
0.4606679379940033,
0.1804470419883728,
0.5702921748161316,
-0.2144368439912796,
-0.58203125,
-0.19767887890338898,
0.04524195194244385,
-0.6093478798866272,
-0.10452863574028015,
-0.07293828576803207,
0.4513092041015625,
0.3750813901424408,
0.34507858753204346,
0.0609334297478199,
0.19081443548202515,
0.3052436113357544,
-0.11461964249610901,
0.2415635883808136,
0.13789494335651398,
0.27167510986328125,
-0.06635051220655441,
-0.3767835795879364,
-0.0467631034553051,
-0.0871785506606102,
0.3325398862361908,
0.3946058452129364,
-0.11080678552389145,
-0.04661422222852707,
0.2669609785079956,
-0.2829979658126831,
0.15582571923732758,
-0.008395724929869175,
0.7160102128982544,
-0.06656403094530106,
0.0049213832244277,
0.4900343120098114,
-0.08778470009565353,
0.06437703967094421,
0.2444508820772171,
0.06672753393650055,
0.2432318776845932,
-0.2222527414560318,
0.1888766884803772,
0.3126085102558136,
0.3003828227519989,
0.1410505473613739,
0.3480970561504364,
-0.4285922646522522,
-0.0459815114736557,
0.0005300309858284891,
0.2189822793006897,
0.4132622480392456,
0.3735826313495636,
-0.0806511789560318,
0.2884419858455658,
0.3899332582950592,
-0.16879865527153015,
-0.0790548324584961,
-0.09098561853170395,
0.2299092561006546,
0.4115939736366272,
0.303955078125,
0.6496446132659912,
0.6311442255973816,
0.06187926232814789,
-0.04144308343529701,
-0.2873450517654419,
-0.3305935263633728,
0.15141865611076355,
-0.12931738793849945,
-0.21776750683784485,
-0.20550023019313812,
0.29230690002441406,
-0.2088504433631897,
0.1951022744178772,
-0.2769368588924408,
-0.015868928283452988,
-0.059853870421648026,
0.5307481288909912,
-0.030989540740847588,
0.09855969995260239,
-0.19462817907333374,
0.1324835866689682,
0.4937337338924408,
0.3864339292049408,
0.21974097192287445,
4.19053840637207,
0.0734168142080307,
0.036664750427007675,
-0.2147911936044693,
-0.5138888955116272,
0.007596439681947231,
0.08301183581352234,
-0.20125071704387665,
-0.09155188500881195,
-0.010227627120912075,
0.240081787109375,
0.2191840261220932,
0.06955718994140625,
-0.11002805829048157,
-0.18856777250766754,
-0.008223321288824081,
0.4850870668888092,
-0.2449781596660614,
0.2192162424325943,
0.12844721972942352,
-0.286712646484375,
0.35076904296875,
0.3725925087928772,
0.14456643164157867,
0.3414747416973114,
0.0410681813955307,
0.2721184492111206,
-0.0427110455930233,
-0.0752945989370346,
0.1932000070810318,
0.4837104082107544,
-0.1766543984413147,
0.28079742193222046,
0.3722330629825592,
-0.7027451992034912,
0.3448452353477478,
0.3661261796951294,
0.1780497282743454,
0.3232404887676239,
-0.1521759033203125,
-0.12887318432331085,
-0.012667019851505756,
0.4414808452129364,
0.3991834819316864,
0.4404228925704956,
-0.2411939799785614,
0.2646275758743286,
0.4019232988357544,
0.168609619140625,
-0.4009941816329956,
-0.0899626687169075,
-0.08772686123847961,
-0.1692776083946228,
0.0719333216547966,
0.09633997082710266,
0.40765380859375,
0.1923811137676239,
0.2947828471660614,
0.19356149435043335,
0.4174177348613739,
0.1548750102519989,
0.06348928064107895,
0.7319878339767456,
0.1304967701435089,
-0.37158203125,
-0.12584856152534485,
0.0262934360653162,
0.45867919921875,
-0.2510715126991272,
-0.260986328125,
0.19670741260051727,
0.4298231303691864,
0.4275309145450592,
0.04767947643995285,
-0.08552397787570953,
0.12950648367404938,
0.1911383718252182,
-0.0654686838388443,
-0.011889361776411533,
-0.03754403814673424,
0.28846803307533264,
0.004757245536893606,
0.2808288335800171,
-0.01780388131737709,
-0.3523423969745636,
0.4407416582107544,
0.2375164031982422,
0.1810709685087204,
0.505859375,
-0.10218731313943863,
0.25524821877479553,
0.09246614575386047,
0.3490397036075592,
0.1059909388422966,
-0.4476216733455658,
0.13588884472846985,
-0.056606292724609375,
-3.9622395038604736,
0.08297835290431976,
0.08898968249559402,
0.029730267822742462,
0.1216922327876091,
0.1683756560087204,
0.1764933317899704,
0.2625834047794342,
-0.14592573046684265,
0.2500322163105011,
-0.06546762585639954,
0.25758278369903564,
-0.15102726221084595,
0.5760667324066162,
0.172324076294899,
0.2845709025859833,
-0.04984643682837486,
-0.10301462560892105,
0.3029853105545044,
-0.0035879346542060375,
0.10753747820854187,
0.202239990234375,
0.4502359926700592,
-0.3317298889160156,
0.20850525796413422,
-0.012345526367425919,
-0.04907620698213577,
0.0959964320063591,
0.034563276916742325,
0.07718997448682785,
-0.2060512900352478,
-0.09995587915182114,
0.4466281533241272,
-0.4420979917049408,
0.2876044511795044,
0.0934549942612648,
-0.1545615792274475,
0.0061609479598701,
0.7783203125,
0.4196506142616272,
0.0069135031662881374,
0.19689665734767914,
0.6049262285232544,
0.15521791577339172,
0.1465623676776886,
0.10602442175149918,
-0.2220730185508728,
0.0852712020277977,
-0.002060837112367153,
0.34899234771728516,
0.3307003378868103,
0.13016170263290405,
-0.11765967309474945,
-0.0538177490234375,
0.5536566972732544,
-0.2948218882083893,
0.07252727448940277,
0.3457675576210022,
0.3722059428691864,
-0.07126156240701675,
0.5424058437347412,
-0.0814429372549057,
0.030189938843250275,
0.19592158496379852,
0.12914296984672546,
0.04690996930003166,
0.11367543786764145,
-0.0232976283878088,
0.3222859799861908,
-0.1330176442861557,
-0.24611493945121765,
0.2329254150390625,
0.3458319902420044,
-0.20390446484088898,
-0.03669283166527748,
0.3733791708946228,
-0.2272847443819046,
0.06672414392232895,
0.5562608242034912,
0.3665669858455658,
-0.1005350723862648,
0.0957544669508934,
-0.4140353798866272,
0.3774685263633728,
2.47705078125,
0.2662895917892456,
2.1516385078430176,
-0.11941231787204742,
-0.043284520506858826,
0.3766818642616272,
-0.5966525673866272,
0.1939459890127182,
0.3506605327129364,
0.2411312460899353,
-0.4613376259803772,
-0.06951364129781723,
0.0676049143075943,
0.008860164321959019,
0.3684556782245636,
-0.3539564311504364,
0.4100341796875,
-1.1451009511947632,
0.03780195489525795,
-0.3076002299785614,
0.1687791645526886,
-0.4206339418888092,
-0.011766433715820312,
0.3334926962852478,
0.5030992031097412,
0.009710629470646381,
-0.3070848286151886,
-0.26438775658607483,
0.10058169811964035,
0.02059173583984375,
-0.03416697308421135,
-0.011136955581605434,
0.3463982343673706,
-0.07395172119140625,
-0.0175001360476017,
0.035494107753038406,
0.24444580078125,
4.620442867279053,
-0.19817182421684265,
-0.12042956799268723,
-0.005597114562988281,
-0.1129981130361557,
0.16380268335342407,
0.6721598505973816,
0.0638342946767807,
0.10684246569871902,
0.3123134970664978,
0.6119113564491272,
0.15853077173233032,
0.3873833417892456,
-0.0036460028495639563,
0.0023216670379042625,
0.5070122480392456,
-0.25714874267578125,
-0.09178246557712555,
0.293426513671875,
0.4824693500995636,
0.6112196445465088,
-0.1730465292930603,
0.20394642651081085,
-0.2368672639131546,
-0.022971047088503838,
0.1802690327167511,
0.14925172924995422,
-0.2889675498008728,
0.01853703148663044,
0.4604661762714386,
0.5424533486366272,
5.417751789093018,
0.0774044468998909,
0.2607845664024353,
0.11460452526807785,
-0.8157009482383728,
0.1709611713886261,
-0.033568911254405975,
0.18622928857803345,
-0.2898796796798706,
-0.00061798095703125,
0.03994814679026604,
-0.18012703955173492,
0.15121851861476898,
0.5762345790863037,
-0.2241278737783432,
0.1697285920381546,
-0.3758951723575592,
-0.11714129894971848,
0.3375176191329956,
-0.433837890625,
0.1630520224571228,
0.13981373608112335,
-0.1414896696805954,
-0.5173203945159912,
0.0584191232919693,
-0.6738417148590088,
0.1661173552274704,
0.4214307963848114,
-0.3217502236366272,
0.03894127905368805,
0.2838880717754364,
0.09800466150045395,
0.01365619245916605,
0.2131822407245636,
-0.4331075847148895,
0.4170057475566864,
0.2516683042049408,
-0.1475423127412796,
-0.2535535991191864,
-0.2689005434513092,
0.3109266459941864,
0.7184516191482544,
-0.4804585874080658,
-0.06092410534620285,
-0.1478118896484375,
-0.06151390075683594,
-0.1136101633310318,
-0.187591552734375,
-0.194915771484375,
-0.12770673632621765,
0.2445576936006546,
0.03665690869092941,
0.9668511152267456,
-0.16686248779296875,
0.37157779932022095,
0.4238823652267456,
-0.3242729902267456,
-0.1929083913564682,
0.21904203295707703,
-0.3232421875,
0.2238515168428421,
0.2806159257888794,
-0.009528424590826035,
0.23802079260349274,
-0.06189886853098869,
-0.02950933203101158,
0.4858127236366272,
-0.16896311938762665,
0.3725314736366272,
-0.05826769769191742,
-0.16382473707199097,
0.2567766010761261,
-0.06377103924751282,
0.19948281347751617,
-0.0995568186044693,
0.4150119423866272,
0.5013970136642456,
0.01595391146838665,
-0.0010282727889716625,
-0.10878308862447739,
0.024237951263785362,
-0.4813232421875,
-0.3081088662147522,
0.2579176127910614,
0.22153684496879578,
0.0021873051300644875,
-0.5068461298942566,
0.021821657195687294,
0.23921529948711395,
0.06468645483255386,
0.3560316264629364,
0.3577948808670044,
-0.011027229949831963,
0.7144639492034912,
-0.04350852966308594,
0.2568291425704956,
-0.10809580236673355,
0.03499116003513336,
0.1712273508310318,
0.0787794291973114,
0.0768856480717659,
0.2812262773513794,
-0.043829068541526794,
-0.2705196738243103,
0.23577880859375,
-0.15247981250286102,
0.2211405485868454,
-0.08426327258348465,
-0.5223252773284912,
0.11428239941596985,
0.3321262001991272,
0.3070068359375,
0.2378913015127182,
0.0999925434589386,
0.159423828125
] |
86 | What is the newest member country to join NATO? | [
{
"docid": "17046267#2",
"text": "As of 2018, NATO officially recognizes four aspiring members: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Macedonia and Ukraine. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina within Bosnia and Herzegovina has expressed willingness to join NATO, however, it faces consistent political pressure from Republika Srpska, the other political entity in the country, alongside its partners in Moscow. Macedonia has been prevented from joining the alliance by Greece, one effect of the Macedonian naming dispute. Future expansion is currently a topic of debate in several countries outside the alliance, and countries like Sweden, Finland, and Serbia have open political debate on the topic of membership, while in countries like Ukraine, support and opposition to membership is tied to ethnic and nationalist ideologies. The incorporation of countries formerly part of the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union has been a cause of increased tension between NATO countries and Russia.",
"title": "Enlargement of NATO"
},
{
"docid": "21133#30",
"text": "New membership in the alliance has been largely from Central and Eastern Europe, including former members of the Warsaw Pact. Accession to the alliance is governed with individual Membership Action Plans, and requires approval by each current member. NATO currently has two candidate countries that are in the process of joining the alliance: Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Macedonia.\nIn NATO official statements, the Republic of Macedonia is always referred to as the \"former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia\", with a footnote stating that \"Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia under its constitutional name\". Though Macedonia completed its requirements for membership at the same time as Croatia and Albania, who joined NATO in 2009, its accession was blocked by Greece pending a resolution of the Macedonia naming dispute. In order to support each other in the process, new and potential members in the region formed the Adriatic Charter in 2003. Georgia was also named as an aspiring member, and was promised \"future membership\" during the 2008 summit in Bucharest, though in 2014, US President Barack Obama said the country was not \"currently on a path\" to membership.",
"title": "NATO"
},
{
"docid": "22354388#2",
"text": "Following an agreement in June 2018 to rename the country the Republic of North Macedonia, NATO agreed to consider extending an invitation to the country to join at its summit on 11–12 July. On 11 July 2018, NATO invited Macedonia to begin membership talks, saying the country could join the organization once the naming issue was resolved. Formal accession talks began on 18 October 2018. Greece is expected to be the first NATO member state to ratify Macedonia’s NATO accession protocol.",
"title": "Accession of Macedonia to NATO"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "99221#51",
"text": "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's \"Partnership for Peace\", with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programs. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the world's defence spending.",
"title": "World government"
},
{
"docid": "17971449#2",
"text": "NATO has added new members seven times since its founding in 1949, and since 2017 NATO has had 29 members. Twelve countries were part of the founding of NATO: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1952, Greece and Turkey became members of the Alliance, joined later by West Germany (in 1955) and Spain (in 1982). In 1990, with the reunification of Germany, NATO grew to include the former country of East Germany. Between 1994 and 1997, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbors were set up, including the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. In 1997, three former Warsaw Pact countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland, were invited to join NATO. After this fourth enlargement in 1999, the Vilnius group of the Baltics and seven East European countries formed in May 2000 to cooperate and lobby for further NATO membership. Seven of these countries joined in the fifth enlargement in 2004. The Adriatic States Albania and Croatia joined in the sixth enlargement in 2009, Montenegro in 2017.",
"title": "Member states of NATO"
},
{
"docid": "17046267#0",
"text": "Enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the process of including new member states in NATO. NATO is a military alliance of twenty-seven European and two North American countries that constitutes a system of collective defense. The process of joining the alliance is governed by Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which allows only for the invitation of \"other European States\", and by subsequent agreements. Countries wishing to join have to meet certain requirements and complete a multi-step process involving political dialogue and military integration. The accession process is overseen by the North Atlantic Council, NATO's governing body.",
"title": "Enlargement of NATO"
},
{
"docid": "17046267#1",
"text": "After its formation in 1949 with twelve founding members, NATO grew by including Greece and Turkey in 1952 and West Germany in 1955, and then later Spain in 1982. After the Cold War ended, and Germany reunited in 1990, there was a debate in NATO about continued expansion eastward. In 1999, Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic joined the organization, amid much debate within the organization and Russian opposition. Another expansion came with the accession of seven Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. These nations were first invited to start talks of membership during the 2002 Prague summit, and joined NATO shortly before the 2004 Istanbul summit. Albania and Croatia joined on 1 April 2009, prior to the 2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit. The most recent member state to be added to NATO is Montenegro on 5 June 2017.",
"title": "Enlargement of NATO"
},
{
"docid": "9808484#14",
"text": "The NATO Heads of State and Government congratulated the efforts of the three Balkan states currently in NATO's Membership Action Plan: Albania, Croatia and Macedonia, and declared that the Alliance intends to extend further invitations to these countries during the 2008 Bucharest Summit, on condition that these countries meet NATO standards. The Alliance also affirmed that NATO remained open to new European members under Article X of the North Atlantic Treaty, but remained largely silent on the prospects of Georgia and Ukraine, two countries that had declared membership as a goal, as the summit limited itself to noting the efforts of both countries to conduct an \"intensified dialogue\" with NATO. Nevertheless, Estonian Prime Minister Andrus Ansip said after the summit that he had discussed Georgia's membership with US president Bush on 28 November. He further added that in his view Georgia had \"very good chances\" to join NATO if the planned reforms would continue and that a Membership Action Plan, the next necessary step on Georgia's way towards membership, was only \"a small step away\". Preceding the summit, it was expected that Ukraine was on a fast track to membership: it was believed that Ukraine would have received an invitation to a Membership Action Plan during the summit, followed by an invitation to join in 2008 and membership in 2010. According to political scientist Taras Kuzio the summit showed that Georgia rapidly moved ahead of Ukraine in its drive to join NATO, even though it joined the Intensified Dialogue program a year later than Ukraine, because president of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko failed to support a pro-Western Orange revolution coalition following the Ukraine's parliamentary elections of March 2006. In other words, Ukraine showed more ambivalence in its desire to join NATO, whereas in Georgia the pro-Western Rose Revolution coalition remained united.",
"title": "2006 Riga summit"
},
{
"docid": "17046267#20",
"text": "NATO provides feedback as well as technical advice to each country and evaluates its progress on an individual basis. Once a country is agreed to meet the requirements, NATO can issue that country an invitation to begin accession talks. Currently, two countries have a Membership Action Plan: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia. Former MAP participants were Albania and Croatia between May 2002 and April 2009, and Montenegro between December 2009 and June 2017, when they joined NATO. The final accession process, once invited, involves five steps leading up to the signing of the accession protocols and the acceptance and ratification of those protocols by the governments of the current NATO members.",
"title": "Enlargement of NATO"
},
{
"docid": "39063627#1",
"text": "Five EU member states, all who have declared their non-alignment with military alliances, are not NATO members: Austria, Finland, Ireland, Malta, and Sweden. Switzerland, which is surrounded by the EU, has also maintained their neutrality by staying out of the bloc. All these countries, however, have joined the Partnership for Peace programme and at least Sweden and Finland signed a specific host country support agreement with NATO in 2014.",
"title": "Foreign relations of NATO"
}
] | [
0.4510904848575592,
-0.022175392135977745,
-0.08257166296243668,
0.1596883088350296,
-0.4446309506893158,
0.25193533301353455,
0.3375142514705658,
-0.2935892641544342,
0.4112040102481842,
0.4193318784236908,
0.1453196257352829,
0.000022252401322475635,
0.058132171630859375,
0.332244873046875,
-0.5286865234375,
-0.3102467954158783,
0.6358235478401184,
0.48297119140625,
0.1498972624540329,
0.4474588930606842,
-0.3929850161075592,
0.056640464812517166,
0.12853240966796875,
-0.2350260466337204,
0.13554127514362335,
-0.2573293149471283,
0.05180549621582031,
0.1691741943359375,
-0.390350341796875,
0.48583984375,
0.3492635190486908,
-0.2120157927274704,
-0.20299656689167023,
0.35260009765625,
-0.3323872983455658,
0.2978617250919342,
-0.259490966796875,
0.04887326434254646,
0.12643687427043915,
0.1575266569852829,
0.0290705356746912,
0.3297831118106842,
0.14715957641601562,
-0.13796870410442352,
0.6557210087776184,
-0.001407623291015625,
0.115325927734375,
-0.08450380712747574,
-0.0610148124396801,
0.2462819367647171,
-0.224365234375,
-0.2104085236787796,
0.035711925476789474,
-0.1289723664522171,
-0.780517578125,
0.264007568359375,
-0.3063558042049408,
0.8212483525276184,
0.5486043095588684,
-0.3892313539981842,
0.40203857421875,
-0.1825459748506546,
-0.03062407113611698,
0.013739585876464844,
0.09869130700826645,
0.2717488706111908,
-0.2734476625919342,
-0.012200991623103619,
0.06466245651245117,
0.2067921906709671,
0.039178211241960526,
0.27033233642578125,
0.2824249267578125,
0.25703176856040955,
0.14250881969928741,
-0.05276743695139885,
0.19257418811321259,
0.1730855256319046,
0.22920608520507812,
-0.3967844545841217,
0.4385986328125,
0.041169483214616776,
-0.1497700959444046,
0.6378580927848816,
0.2074330598115921,
0.4401651918888092,
-0.09475453943014145,
0.251129150390625,
0.10774803161621094,
0.5570475459098816,
-0.1592356413602829,
-0.1730143278837204,
-0.13235218822956085,
-0.15331776440143585,
0.1801656037569046,
0.19902293384075165,
0.2920786440372467,
0.06897679716348648,
-0.09672864526510239,
-0.2763468325138092,
0.1960601806640625,
-0.2768147885799408,
0.1059773787856102,
0.2699483335018158,
-0.03405002877116203,
-0.2870585024356842,
-0.5754191279411316,
-0.09887059777975082,
0.25097212195396423,
0.411773681640625,
0.241729736328125,
0.046456653624773026,
0.07412576675415039,
0.02573617361485958,
0.009211857803165913,
0.1546834260225296,
0.2253672331571579,
0.011717955581843853,
-0.09564971923828125,
-0.7613525390625,
0.3669026792049408,
-0.019639333710074425,
-0.2377421110868454,
-0.14198429882526398,
-0.1838480681180954,
-0.2886606752872467,
0.3228556215763092,
-0.1570688933134079,
0.5039876103401184,
0.3896382749080658,
0.16296131908893585,
0.24231211841106415,
-0.10655339807271957,
0.3770345151424408,
-0.2054494172334671,
0.2186857908964157,
0.13469187915325165,
0.03936004638671875,
0.06471570581197739,
-0.3018697202205658,
-0.48370361328125,
-0.26794305443763733,
-0.13180160522460938,
0.55181884765625,
-0.1668040007352829,
0.16290283203125,
0.17984771728515625,
0.09050019830465317,
0.13393402099609375,
0.4414469301700592,
0.3031514585018158,
0.3126119077205658,
-0.20866139233112335,
0.4413655698299408,
0.14434559643268585,
0.18233633041381836,
0.4910074770450592,
0.026434103026986122,
0.20435333251953125,
-0.4346720278263092,
0.8258463740348816,
0.3472696840763092,
-0.07324981689453125,
-0.3372039794921875,
0.08923721313476562,
0.018291473388671875,
-0.1006266251206398,
0.33880615234375,
0.5581257939338684,
-0.2443339079618454,
-0.3323974609375,
0.223419189453125,
0.18977999687194824,
0.0794922485947609,
0.1315409392118454,
0.2001546174287796,
-0.2250855714082718,
0.3187357485294342,
0.3962809145450592,
0.014800071716308594,
0.1631825715303421,
0.0972544327378273,
0.1644846647977829,
-0.2092742919921875,
0.7833251953125,
0.253814697265625,
0.00047969818115234375,
0.01948070526123047,
-0.1786855012178421,
-0.04744967818260193,
-0.09602101892232895,
0.16943359375,
0.5195567011833191,
-0.3495534360408783,
0.4734700620174408,
0.24059677124023438,
-0.2309366911649704,
0.4251302182674408,
-0.0450032539665699,
0.2524922788143158,
0.021136602386832237,
-0.09156640619039536,
-0.46209716796875,
0.10358747094869614,
0.5033162236213684,
-0.19945049285888672,
0.3624369204044342,
0.030702590942382812,
-0.274139404296875,
0.08131781965494156,
-0.018604278564453125,
0.07499567419290543,
0.20781834423542023,
-0.059906005859375,
-0.37322998046875,
0.48046875,
0.15629322826862335,
0.1630503386259079,
0.4252828061580658,
-0.0344950370490551,
-0.2341410368680954,
0.0930430069565773,
0.01556396484375,
-0.12728802859783173,
-0.2213083952665329,
0.122772216796875,
-0.14551670849323273,
-0.09273910522460938,
-0.03681341931223869,
0.468994140625,
0.17152039706707,
0.1278044432401657,
-0.03092193603515625,
-0.6741943359375,
0.1652272492647171,
0.4658406674861908,
0.2443440705537796,
-0.001475691795349121,
-0.26961007714271545,
0.06461206823587418,
0.03138542175292969,
-0.201742485165596,
-0.16905467212200165,
-0.1988474577665329,
0.4783121645450592,
-0.14935047924518585,
0.4068705141544342,
0.3125711977481842,
-0.2152811735868454,
-0.0689595565199852,
0.01905711553990841,
-0.19014422595500946,
0.10588709264993668,
0.3531290590763092,
-0.26092529296875,
0.3865763247013092,
-0.06104596331715584,
-0.07771047204732895,
-0.07403564453125,
0.2716331481933594,
0.3025105893611908,
0.3617757260799408,
0.43902587890625,
-0.07378450781106949,
0.1416829377412796,
-0.13081105053424835,
-0.05835215374827385,
0.4616495668888092,
0.2962799072265625,
-0.017884572967886925,
0.06589984893798828,
0.0997975692152977,
-0.1606547087430954,
0.21541087329387665,
-0.5310465693473816,
-0.3298848569393158,
0.008545557968318462,
-0.4131368100643158,
-0.215545654296875,
0.4693501889705658,
0.2055460661649704,
0.0861104354262352,
-0.2339375764131546,
0.2258199006319046,
-0.0381062813103199,
0.10597610473632812,
0.08448028564453125,
0.291717529296875,
-0.4754435122013092,
-0.01219161320477724,
0.1448822021484375,
0.5322062373161316,
0.11345163732767105,
-0.2001749724149704,
0.1294546127319336,
0.12668609619140625,
0.13808949291706085,
0.09262260049581528,
0.272308349609375,
-0.3303121030330658,
0.3555501401424408,
-0.2042643278837204,
0.1176910400390625,
0.6141154170036316,
0.154449462890625,
0.03277301788330078,
0.4015909731388092,
-0.05233001708984375,
-0.08777904510498047,
0.6916300654411316,
0.3759969174861908,
-0.22748248279094696,
-0.0513424277305603,
0.2237447053194046,
0.1792653352022171,
0.1556803435087204,
0.5369465947151184,
-0.286224365234375,
0.2009328156709671,
0.1774495393037796,
0.09531784057617188,
-0.008457422256469727,
-0.3549601137638092,
-0.3412577211856842,
0.241455078125,
-0.34332275390625,
0.17256133258342743,
-0.346954345703125,
0.4807535707950592,
0.46441650390625,
0.7674153447151184,
0.2406412810087204,
-0.4564107358455658,
-0.4256795346736908,
0.14024607837200165,
0.231231689453125,
0.2212778776884079,
0.3178914487361908,
0.4131266176700592,
-0.2248789519071579,
0.1615336686372757,
-0.027507781982421875,
0.1110636368393898,
0.3761189877986908,
-0.0073649086989462376,
0.18590037524700165,
0.0056966147385537624,
0.240234375,
0.21409733593463898,
-0.2425944060087204,
-0.0339304618537426,
0.2129669189453125,
-0.1849721223115921,
0.013372738845646381,
0.338226318359375,
0.26384735107421875,
0.36399969458580017,
0.18396122753620148,
0.4028727114200592,
-0.354644775390625,
0.10637155920267105,
0.2296345978975296,
0.2049916535615921,
0.2166086882352829,
0.4295247495174408,
0.15744781494140625,
0.304107666015625,
-0.29266357421875,
0.2547709047794342,
-0.27021026611328125,
0.23811085522174835,
-0.10965272784233093,
0.4312744140625,
0.10624948889017105,
-0.58154296875,
-0.4478352963924408,
0.05371570587158203,
0.1840616911649704,
0.36669921875,
-0.018675485625863075,
0.19459278881549835,
0.60797119140625,
0.019894281402230263,
0.03794288635253906,
-0.113789401948452,
-0.19783274829387665,
0.1847737580537796,
0.2927652895450592,
-0.265228271484375,
-0.4866739809513092,
0.3879598081111908,
-0.021391233429312706,
0.053091686218976974,
-0.5699055790901184,
0.021450281143188477,
0.2080790251493454,
-0.1373748779296875,
0.2802085876464844,
0.15651194751262665,
0.3647562563419342,
0.2867024838924408,
0.196929931640625,
0.4251912534236908,
0.4291178286075592,
4.166341304779053,
0.11952972412109375,
0.0185722503811121,
0.3046061098575592,
-0.1655629426240921,
0.13046328723430634,
0.1964670866727829,
-0.2355194091796875,
-0.4021809995174408,
0.16751353442668915,
-0.08979257196187973,
0.2164103239774704,
0.0992690697312355,
-0.1684722900390625,
-0.061981201171875,
0.04582754895091057,
0.42376708984375,
-0.09404945373535156,
0.12007776647806168,
0.3321329653263092,
-0.2379201203584671,
0.045888740569353104,
0.3481954038143158,
0.10529327392578125,
0.5635986328125,
0.2002105712890625,
0.09177207946777344,
0.0167210903018713,
0.4518839418888092,
0.11106237024068832,
0.11842092126607895,
0.12436167150735855,
0.46453857421875,
-0.018477777019143105,
-0.5098673701286316,
0.3141683042049408,
0.5763346552848816,
-0.0719858780503273,
0.143157958984375,
-0.19475555419921875,
-0.2984822690486908,
-0.1311848908662796,
0.2504476010799408,
0.53961181640625,
-0.03796195983886719,
0.1457875519990921,
-0.10063806921243668,
0.26849365234375,
0.19347889721393585,
0.09656015783548355,
0.18377685546875,
-0.30181884765625,
0.021323958411812782,
-0.0758768692612648,
0.226776123046875,
0.4847208559513092,
0.020277976989746094,
0.3553568422794342,
0.42218017578125,
0.2733154296875,
0.06519190222024918,
-0.1191762313246727,
0.17760403454303741,
0.12661711871623993,
-0.3625081479549408,
0.04645220562815666,
0.3109334409236908,
0.759521484375,
0.22602717578411102,
-0.31396517157554626,
0.6589558720588684,
0.3376668393611908,
0.27694448828697205,
-0.3333638608455658,
0.03114430047571659,
0.24933497607707977,
-0.5129191279411316,
0.13865788280963898,
-0.049778103828430176,
-0.3671671450138092,
0.14127223193645477,
-0.1219075545668602,
0.022764841094613075,
0.041609447449445724,
-0.0802304744720459,
0.4699910581111908,
0.2894439697265625,
-0.4976806640625,
0.3377889096736908,
0.07045936584472656,
0.2807413637638092,
-0.038786571472883224,
0.4057413637638092,
0.0033111572265625,
0.1708730012178421,
-0.0696614608168602,
0.1930186003446579,
-3.9991862773895264,
0.184234619140625,
0.10951486974954605,
-0.2505594789981842,
0.124114990234375,
0.023220857605338097,
0.258575439453125,
0.527099609375,
-0.3756103515625,
0.3640340268611908,
-0.1647135466337204,
-0.2347005158662796,
-0.51873779296875,
0.31553077697753906,
-0.01783641241490841,
0.4186604917049408,
0.154815673828125,
0.4011637270450592,
0.393310546875,
-0.1737721711397171,
-0.050581615418195724,
0.3975423276424408,
0.2731221616268158,
0.20061492919921875,
-0.3108724057674408,
0.2026926726102829,
-0.2892557680606842,
0.0028066635131835938,
0.13372547924518585,
0.2440338134765625,
0.06241273880004883,
0.8413493037223816,
0.50811767578125,
-0.16462326049804688,
-0.0052242279052734375,
0.6549885869026184,
0.3999532163143158,
0.14470164477825165,
0.4496256411075592,
0.09316698461771011,
-0.234375,
-0.21074676513671875,
0.5270182490348816,
0.408935546875,
-0.038003403693437576,
-0.03828175738453865,
-0.3417867124080658,
0.023052215576171875,
-0.3469912111759186,
-0.026055017486214638,
0.7867024540901184,
-0.048911094665527344,
0.12465095520019531,
-0.2212982177734375,
0.6087239384651184,
-0.2422943115234375,
-0.08272552490234375,
-0.3420664370059967,
0.49102783203125,
0.006835301872342825,
-0.028067270293831825,
0.18705368041992188,
0.06904856115579605,
0.2046966552734375,
0.27880859375,
0.177337646484375,
0.2346394807100296,
0.0505218505859375,
0.6436564326286316,
-0.33325958251953125,
0.1986439973115921,
0.1857350617647171,
-0.024157842621207237,
0.0224482212215662,
0.4259236752986908,
-0.1002248153090477,
-0.3121439516544342,
-0.12698109447956085,
0.50286865234375,
0.10635248571634293,
0.04681110382080078,
0.1815338134765625,
-0.3774210512638092,
0.10527292639017105,
2.0320637226104736,
0.32537841796875,
2.1800944805145264,
0.3046773374080658,
-0.08738867193460464,
0.4539998471736908,
0.06133333966135979,
0.3011881411075592,
0.07441584020853043,
0.1547342985868454,
-0.1177266463637352,
0.21432240307331085,
-0.08348274230957031,
-0.313018798828125,
-0.196075439453125,
-0.46246337890625,
0.4955240786075592,
-1.0117594003677368,
0.15202458202838898,
-0.17116086184978485,
0.5156453251838684,
-0.3201904296875,
-0.08785120397806168,
0.0028934478759765625,
0.1606953889131546,
-0.05175463482737541,
-0.039880115538835526,
-0.013595263473689556,
-0.006599108222872019,
-0.2302347868680954,
-0.044457752257585526,
-0.4984130859375,
0.05309740826487541,
0.18785929679870605,
-0.022332826629281044,
0.036159832030534744,
-0.062417346984148026,
4.7275390625,
0.44921875,
0.20842742919921875,
0.09710073471069336,
0.041940052062273026,
0.5794474482536316,
0.2473246306180954,
-0.35693359375,
-0.01931476593017578,
0.36773681640625,
0.34372201561927795,
0.3889974057674408,
0.2934468686580658,
-0.0724080428481102,
0.1578318327665329,
0.18692271411418915,
0.22403717041015625,
-0.06662877649068832,
0.2680460512638092,
-0.08051960170269012,
0.2578938901424408,
-0.11947759240865707,
-0.113006591796875,
-0.040353041142225266,
-0.04013315960764885,
-0.1924641877412796,
0.4306640625,
-0.4089457094669342,
0.05230998992919922,
0.03978892043232918,
0.2497151643037796,
5.4453125,
0.0386301688849926,
0.3783670961856842,
-0.10961151123046875,
-0.2362874299287796,
0.19080989062786102,
-0.04307524487376213,
-0.2541147768497467,
0.11476389318704605,
-0.1981709748506546,
-0.336944580078125,
0.0923665389418602,
-0.11024252325296402,
0.53192138671875,
0.25452932715415955,
-0.4916941225528717,
-0.07649358361959457,
-0.05029042437672615,
0.3615926206111908,
-0.023767471313476562,
0.4008585512638092,
0.5160725712776184,
-0.07647451013326645,
-0.6663818359375,
-0.3822835385799408,
-0.3372090756893158,
0.16830699145793915,
-0.1302337646484375,
0.0408477783203125,
0.1262156218290329,
0.3612060546875,
0.13188426196575165,
0.22264862060546875,
0.4783731997013092,
-0.191925048828125,
0.14318466186523438,
0.51416015625,
0.2037862092256546,
0.1379597932100296,
-0.2120920866727829,
0.4173583984375,
0.0745290145277977,
-0.06466341018676758,
0.27933406829833984,
0.1592915803194046,
-0.2793070375919342,
-0.191162109375,
0.2150471955537796,
0.0913289412856102,
-0.11583200842142105,
0.2349274903535843,
-0.0996500626206398,
1.0042724609375,
-0.017851511016488075,
0.3668416440486908,
0.1256815642118454,
0.04645856097340584,
0.19787979125976562,
0.4048410952091217,
-0.05871772766113281,
0.19977061450481415,
0.2822977602481842,
0.0806884765625,
0.42034912109375,
0.3618367612361908,
0.13121986389160156,
0.3322550356388092,
-0.2033437043428421,
1.1841634511947632,
-0.18788528442382812,
0.39251708984375,
0.2265726774930954,
0.1600799560546875,
0.4866689145565033,
-0.04766591265797615,
0.13409297168254852,
-0.22614669799804688,
-0.180572509765625,
0.2927602231502533,
0.08142868429422379,
-0.3260498046875,
-0.4113565981388092,
-0.2958882749080658,
0.0017197927227243781,
-0.1747945100069046,
0.06468582153320312,
-0.052411437034606934,
-0.5376179814338684,
0.57745361328125,
0.1677093505859375,
0.2127736359834671,
-0.01664646528661251,
-0.03412739560008049,
0.2921854555606842,
-0.14271163940429688,
0.1420084685087204,
0.0983022078871727,
-0.028451284393668175,
-0.12094815820455551,
0.019995370879769325,
0.017002105712890625,
-0.1498769074678421,
0.26194000244140625,
-0.304931640625,
0.2955423891544342,
-0.07701364904642105,
0.07108179479837418,
0.1916046142578125,
0.0641886368393898,
0.1552276611328125,
0.4012247622013092,
0.039091747254133224,
0.22974395751953125,
0.2183583527803421,
-0.1719309538602829
] |
87 | When did Mount Victoria become a railway station? | [
{
"docid": "4146085#0",
"text": "The Mount Victoria railway station is a heritage-listed former barracks and now staff accommodation, guest accommodation, railway signal box and railway station located on the Main Western line in Mount Victoria in the City of Blue Mountains local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by NSW Government Railways and built from 1868 to 1913 by Allan McClean and James Barrie . It is also known as Mount Victoria Railway Station group. The property is owned by RailCorp, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The station opened on 6 September 1869.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
},
{
"docid": "4146085#2",
"text": "Mount Victoria has always been an important railway centre since its opening in 1868. It was the first platform structure made of material other than timber built after Penrith station. The original station building still remains and was to a design consistent with the time of John Whitton, Engineer-in-Chief of the NSW Railways. Further additions were carried out in 1899 to the ladies' toilet and other areas. The parcels office was added in 1911 to the Sydney end of the building.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "4146085#35",
"text": "The Mount Victoria Railway Station is associated with John Whitton, Engineer-in-Chief of the NSW Railways, as the original station building was built to a design from his time, and with George Cowdery, Engineer-in-Chief for Existing Lines, as the two-level stone addition containing the Railway Refreshment Room was built under his supervision.Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Division intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
},
{
"docid": "4146085#38",
"text": "The historical importance of Mount Victoria Railway Station Group as a railway location is demonstrated by a variety of high quality buildings which clearly show the development of the Station over time, particularly between 1872 and 1912, illustrating clearly the growth and decline of railway facilities in the Blue Mountains area. Mt Victoria was a convenient place to construct a locomotive facility (now demolished) to service terminating trains to serve railway tourism associated with the Jenolan Caves and handling goods trains over the steep grades of the Blue Mountains, particularly the section to Lithgow. The structures indicate the importance of Mt Victoria as a health and holiday resort, the Railway Refreshment Rooms and accommodation provided in the station building reinforcing this. The Mount Victoria Railway Rest-House (Barracks) is associated with the duplication of the railway line over the Blue Mountains in 1910 and is significant for its continued use as accommodation. The Station Group is the most substantial railway station complex in the Blue Mountains, demonstrating clear layers of growth from its original construction as a terminus station, through its growth at the turn of the century to the duplication of the railway line.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
},
{
"docid": "4146085#4",
"text": "A locomotive depot existed at Mount Victoria in 1897 and was greatly expanded in 1911-13 when duplication of the line through Mount Victoria was completed. The depot was home to the locomotives and crews who worked the famous \"The Fish\" commuter train to Sydney. Mount Victoria also was the destination of the Caves Express from Sydney, which conveyed holidaymakers to the Blue Mountains.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
},
{
"docid": "4146085#33",
"text": "Mount Victoria Railway Station Group is of state significance as a large complex of buildings illustrating clearly the pattern of development of railway facilities in the Blue Mountains area. It is the most substantial railway station complex in the Blue Mountains and indicates the former importance of the location with the former locomotive depot (now demolished) to service terminating trains for railway tourism associated with Jenolan Caves and handling goods trains over the steep grades of the Blue Mountains, particularly the section to Lithgow. The structures indicate the importance of Mount Victoria as a health and holiday resort, the RRR accommodation provided in the station building reinforcing this.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
},
{
"docid": "4146085#36",
"text": "Mount Victoria railway station was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
},
{
"docid": "4146085#34",
"text": "The Mount Victoria Railway Station Group has a high degree of research potential for its ability to demonstrate construction techniques and architectural character of various types of buildings in one station. The station is a fine example of railway architecture including Victorian Regency and Federation buildings and is an important landmark in the townscape of Mt Victoria being located at the lower end of the town at the termination of the main street vista. The Mount Victoria Railway barracks is an unusual surviving example of a purpose built rest-house still used by the railways for staff accommodation. The signal box is one of a few examples of brick on platform elevated signal boxes that remain in operation in the state. The footbridge is rare as an intact example of a standard Warren Truss trestle and stairway with channel iron stair stringers. The overall aesthetic character of the station is further enhanced by the setting of the station within the rock escarpment, a typical natural setting of the Blue Mountains stations, featuring a collection of numerous flora ranging from mature trees, shrubs and potted plants along both platforms.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
},
{
"docid": "4146085#55",
"text": "Mount Victoria Railway Station Group is a representative example of a substantial railway station complex combining various types, periods and styles of buildings dating from the 19th Century and early 20th Century, each individually representing their standard designs and types.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
},
{
"docid": "4146085#26",
"text": "The site of former Station Master's Cottage was built in 1868 and was constructed of stone similar to the pointsman's cottage at Glenbrook. The cottage was located a short distance to the south of the station and continued to be occupied by successive station masters until the twentieth century. It was demolished in 1934 when it became redundant and in poor condition due to vacancy for a long period. The site of the former cottage is now in a park named after Errol Barden, a Blue Mountains Shire Council employee who took a special interest in the environment of Mount Victoria.",
"title": "Mount Victoria railway station"
}
] | [
-0.08201460540294647,
0.07521473616361618,
-0.13202320039272308,
0.14996789395809174,
0.5300626158714294,
0.31454190611839294,
0.8885831236839294,
-0.3268932104110718,
-0.1536809802055359,
0.18614889681339264,
-0.44573143124580383,
-0.24376331269741058,
-0.3204345703125,
-0.4575306177139282,
-0.08637029677629471,
0.35586825013160706,
0.4552778899669647,
-0.08014314621686935,
-0.24097928404808044,
0.20883455872535706,
-0.38803932070732117,
0.4810014069080353,
-0.1540166735649109,
0.20601584017276764,
-0.18058083951473236,
0.15304288268089294,
-0.1520025134086609,
0.26113060116767883,
0.16408191621303558,
0.2641046643257141,
0.46482154726982117,
-0.27699974179267883,
-0.01921619102358818,
0.35378196835517883,
-0.178985595703125,
0.4885919690132141,
0.16372957825660706,
0.19883312284946442,
-0.17366990447044373,
-0.05247081443667412,
-0.06770186126232147,
0.024472324177622795,
0.4580133557319641,
0.0710473507642746,
0.39479759335517883,
-0.2089836746454239,
0.1680547595024109,
0.23651885986328125,
-0.14161647856235504,
0.6951793432235718,
-0.053456004709005356,
0.023128163069486618,
-0.14594615995883942,
-0.11039872467517853,
-0.6729403138160706,
0.3506414294242859,
0.17667458951473236,
0.5387739539146423,
-0.11326321959495544,
0.09283724427223206,
0.21235795319080353,
0.19994007050991058,
-0.07484991103410721,
-0.2155095934867859,
-0.15113414824008942,
0.2796630859375,
-0.043119605630636215,
0.11714484542608261,
0.2681385278701782,
-0.044318459928035736,
-0.0536016970872879,
0.5791015625,
0.10447900742292404,
0.10182909667491913,
0.04447382315993309,
-0.1717473864555359,
-0.0177154541015625,
0.06952042877674103,
-0.06742997467517853,
-0.18961404263973236,
0.4100896716117859,
-0.32498446106910706,
0.2682328522205353,
0.5154696106910706,
-0.06255132704973221,
0.1621038317680359,
-0.07812225073575974,
-0.05602888762950897,
0.15615567564964294,
0.6542747020721436,
-0.05076703056693077,
0.3736072778701782,
0.09083002060651779,
-0.008516398258507252,
0.5398615002632141,
0.18528054654598236,
0.1684514880180359,
-0.21348433196544647,
-0.02321900613605976,
-0.3641524016857147,
-0.1962941735982895,
-0.2592107653617859,
-0.2719365954399109,
0.29286888241767883,
0.35623446106910706,
-0.44191673398017883,
0.2606978118419647,
-0.2796519994735718,
-0.010353782214224339,
0.3393998444080353,
0.49819114804267883,
-0.3144586682319641,
-0.43533602356910706,
-0.27407005429267883,
0.1624048352241516,
0.1646173596382141,
0.1522313952445984,
-0.16786332428455353,
-0.36249610781669617,
-0.8233753442764282,
0.39621803164482117,
0.24781937897205353,
-0.21525435149669647,
-0.18485884368419647,
-0.5269054174423218,
-0.14650101959705353,
0.5421697497367859,
-0.30941495299339294,
0.6264204382896423,
0.7121803760528564,
-0.18680642545223236,
0.08192981034517288,
0.5384743213653564,
0.6332563757896423,
-0.013795332051813602,
0.25585243105888367,
0.20102761685848236,
-0.024560408666729927,
0.04886939376592636,
-0.188568115234375,
-0.2379150390625,
-0.21085982024669647,
-0.2603926360607147,
0.9825106263160706,
-0.2818159759044647,
0.4032759368419647,
0.11116444319486618,
0.36922940611839294,
-0.22412109375,
0.036272916942834854,
0.19688831269741058,
0.4165704846382141,
-0.24287553131580353,
0.20167264342308044,
-0.2524358630180359,
-0.018257834017276764,
0.30911532044410706,
0.30080899596214294,
0.011122270487248898,
0.20542769134044647,
0.6496803760528564,
0.24953946471214294,
-0.06899070739746094,
-0.3628650903701782,
0.3576465845108032,
0.03760736808180809,
-0.2383478283882141,
0.5808771252632141,
0.4371448755264282,
-0.17702899873256683,
-0.06727738678455353,
0.15041004121303558,
0.22037020325660706,
-0.10956365615129471,
-0.13257946074008942,
0.4266468286514282,
-0.14906588196754456,
0.12218475341796875,
-0.009067881852388382,
0.32559481263160706,
0.049738798290491104,
0.40793678164482117,
0.13050217926502228,
-0.05372203513979912,
0.5129172801971436,
0.4347700774669647,
0.14558930695056915,
-0.1033734381198883,
-0.1575261950492859,
0.33487215638160706,
-0.05365961417555809,
-0.34499844908714294,
0.52734375,
-0.19856400787830353,
-0.20161022245883942,
-0.021197231486439705,
0.05992889404296875,
-0.08031255751848221,
-0.24074207246303558,
0.2280939221382141,
-0.3266185522079468,
0.2272283434867859,
-0.5325594544410706,
0.09823677688837051,
0.5314053893089294,
-0.2765558362007141,
0.07414037734270096,
0.47483131289482117,
-0.3331298828125,
-0.11921830475330353,
0.4886363744735718,
0.07243373245000839,
0.11100491881370544,
0.15920743346214294,
0.004108082037419081,
-0.04805131256580353,
0.4918323755264282,
-0.23462572693824768,
0.4206099212169647,
0.05467640236020088,
-0.2362060546875,
0.17746248841285706,
-0.06714422255754471,
-0.08109907805919647,
0.15511251986026764,
0.10090082138776779,
0.09894215315580368,
-0.450927734375,
0.07609254866838455,
0.20658181607723236,
-0.09559214860200882,
0.07728438079357147,
0.19716574251651764,
-0.5931507349014282,
-0.14804285764694214,
0.35227271914482117,
0.6628196239471436,
0.06859345734119415,
-0.20123291015625,
-0.2549882233142853,
0.21174760162830353,
-0.01946570724248886,
-0.09423273056745529,
0.34865501523017883,
0.4989568591117859,
-0.2717728912830353,
0.05553627014160156,
-0.02316839061677456,
0.05908515304327011,
-0.025130532681941986,
0.08580433577299118,
0.21947965025901794,
0.51275634765625,
0.3589977025985718,
-0.16781339049339294,
0.23553882539272308,
-0.1349431872367859,
-0.17508767545223236,
0.039932943880558014,
0.07863443344831467,
0.045260343700647354,
0.1766253411769867,
0.47696200013160706,
0.21200284361839294,
-0.2309715896844864,
-0.32308682799339294,
0.10681672394275665,
0.48788174986839294,
0.1052514836192131,
0.6589799523353577,
0.6380726099014282,
-0.9570756554603577,
-0.4288219213485718,
0.4727894067764282,
-0.0835772454738617,
0.17236050963401794,
-0.008965925313532352,
0.031661294400691986,
-0.06128935515880585,
0.8050870299339294,
0.4733442962169647,
0.06621620804071426,
-0.2011163830757141,
0.11685249954462051,
-0.052345968782901764,
0.14271683990955353,
-0.0031398425344377756,
-0.01263427734375,
-0.033078279346227646,
0.3963512182235718,
0.2807728052139282,
0.356201171875,
0.1313330978155136,
-0.3131103515625,
-0.1584680676460266,
-0.27065208554267883,
0.31276634335517883,
0.2340845912694931,
0.03324474021792412,
-0.17226895689964294,
0.34538963437080383,
-0.6532315611839294,
0.3360762298107147,
0.18577437102794647,
0.009488886222243309,
-0.12170687317848206,
-0.12745389342308044,
-0.5683149695396423,
-0.09078077971935272,
0.4322066009044647,
0.49505615234375,
-0.7497336864471436,
0.0034710278268903494,
0.37306907773017883,
0.36586692929267883,
0.5748624205589294,
0.3744451403617859,
-0.052636753767728806,
0.06343702971935272,
0.26210716366767883,
-0.2096092849969864,
-0.1797540783882141,
-0.4894353747367859,
0.24355246126651764,
-0.0037501940969377756,
-0.4615478515625,
0.15638040006160736,
-0.29922208189964294,
0.5481178760528564,
0.2830921411514282,
0.23268336057662964,
0.3564896881580353,
-0.04546113312244415,
-0.06165660545229912,
-0.11558463424444199,
0.14470602571964264,
0.05422196537256241,
0.3462357819080353,
0.25435569882392883,
-0.15078458189964294,
0.2089177966117859,
0.16087064146995544,
-0.2069646716117859,
0.40340909361839294,
-0.025486338883638382,
-0.038828764110803604,
0.27197542786598206,
-0.4491632580757141,
0.1510675549507141,
0.2501331567764282,
-0.0659710243344307,
0.08856339752674103,
-0.046997763216495514,
0.093170166015625,
0.05897938087582588,
0.21742109954357147,
0.2340947985649109,
0.060943603515625,
0.5250133275985718,
-0.23854757845401764,
0.2274835705757141,
0.31667259335517883,
0.4712691009044647,
0.4378551244735718,
0.17704080045223236,
-0.019614480435848236,
-0.27655860781669617,
0.3111683130264282,
0.07044012099504471,
0.3156183362007141,
-0.005657542962580919,
-0.07330460846424103,
0.08849820494651794,
0.010667627677321434,
-0.3908247649669647,
-0.40085670351982117,
-0.1805322766304016,
0.7157759070396423,
0.49558326601982117,
0.3459583520889282,
0.2521861791610718,
0.5423029065132141,
0.2804065942764282,
0.23294900357723236,
-0.10908941924571991,
0.028085708618164062,
-0.011694127693772316,
0.23577603697776794,
0.24568314850330353,
0.14855124056339264,
0.15835848450660706,
-0.17063488066196442,
0.12604592740535736,
0.06345228850841522,
-0.23605069518089294,
-0.18867631256580353,
-0.04300828278064728,
0.1747058480978012,
0.338623046875,
-0.11207164078950882,
-0.3175159692764282,
0.11476273834705353,
0.6267311573028564,
0.12516368925571442,
4.1875,
0.07275807112455368,
0.23387007415294647,
0.08629400283098221,
0.02474069595336914,
0.1682836413383484,
0.4040083587169647,
-0.3408646881580353,
-0.056655190885066986,
-0.13592529296875,
-0.1342094987630844,
0.1161346435546875,
-0.16347989439964294,
0.4410511255264282,
-0.16775235533714294,
-0.13678602874279022,
0.2918201684951782,
0.11980091780424118,
0.02181694656610489,
0.29117098450660706,
-0.5372203588485718,
0.17221902310848236,
0.3452592194080353,
0.5236372351646423,
0.44754305481910706,
0.032605256885290146,
0.09398997575044632,
0.14169034361839294,
0.6265425086021423,
0.09573225677013397,
-0.05069698020815849,
-0.028108077123761177,
-0.05601917579770088,
0.017378373071551323,
-0.9444690942764282,
0.09777069091796875,
0.36190518736839294,
-0.185346782207489,
-0.09290799498558044,
0.025379614904522896,
0.3186590075492859,
0.08467240631580353,
0.1724194586277008,
0.4198774993419647,
-0.023842550814151764,
-0.07644376158714294,
-0.043604765087366104,
0.39794921875,
0.31503018736839294,
-0.4887029528617859,
0.14633455872535706,
0.06049971282482147,
-0.3971502184867859,
0.042055997997522354,
-0.09925495833158493,
0.5707563757896423,
0.2949274182319641,
0.2240350842475891,
0.1538640856742859,
-0.2594437897205353,
0.5587713122367859,
0.04540877044200897,
0.13701282441616058,
0.07014881819486618,
-0.013603904284536839,
0.01504794042557478,
-0.2931934595108032,
-0.05214335769414902,
0.05618077889084816,
-0.04438643157482147,
0.5989213585853577,
0.3599076569080353,
0.43221768736839294,
-0.31594017148017883,
0.03924456611275673,
0.34402742981910706,
-0.17764559388160706,
0.07883939146995544,
-0.02813269942998886,
0.04704423248767853,
0.10073713958263397,
-0.15653853118419647,
0.038126859813928604,
0.26431551575660706,
-0.4361683130264282,
0.6600674986839294,
0.28387174010276794,
-0.13515402376651764,
0.6469282507896423,
0.13187478482723236,
0.2761285901069641,
0.11310126632452011,
0.3531383275985718,
0.5444779992103577,
0.002280495362356305,
-0.022311123088002205,
-0.23960460722446442,
-3.988813877105713,
-0.04283696785569191,
-0.01880628429353237,
-0.07752227783203125,
0.022963177412748337,
-0.22598543763160706,
0.24698153138160706,
0.41714754700660706,
-0.1863458752632141,
-0.2353748381137848,
0.23134543001651764,
0.18887606263160706,
-0.3650346100330353,
0.6396040320396423,
-0.14259199798107147,
0.16031160950660706,
0.02161199413239956,
-0.04369701072573662,
0.2884410619735718,
-0.2584783434867859,
-0.1846563220024109,
-0.19670243561267853,
0.5609464049339294,
-0.16955843567848206,
0.17753462493419647,
0.1168261468410492,
0.092413991689682,
-0.31612882018089294,
-0.49520596861839294,
0.03408830985426903,
0.40761497616767883,
0.17892733216285706,
0.263427734375,
-0.15577836334705353,
0.3749556243419647,
0.1414794921875,
0.13072620332241058,
0.11864142119884491,
0.2018987536430359,
-0.220916748046875,
-0.2508101165294647,
0.001676212646998465,
0.28048428893089294,
0.22076416015625,
-0.2799183130264282,
0.24462890625,
-0.1275995373725891,
-0.0879162847995758,
0.009413524530827999,
0.14173750579357147,
0.22689542174339294,
-0.1460869461297989,
-0.019450794905424118,
-0.139617919921875,
0.80322265625,
-0.07919728010892868,
0.14352555572986603,
0.11269032210111618,
0.3234086334705353,
0.23627819120883942,
0.4023382067680359,
-0.03451850265264511,
0.13188587129116058,
-0.12987691164016724,
-0.027213357388973236,
-0.045571066439151764,
0.1210174560546875,
0.27319058775901794,
0.19823317229747772,
-0.3210560083389282,
0.1766912341117859,
0.12983842194080353,
0.5046830773353577,
-0.03860681876540184,
0.11161387711763382,
0.21274913847446442,
-0.17240767180919647,
0.03977948799729347,
0.3635364770889282,
0.15538163483142853,
-0.22088345885276794,
0.054684724658727646,
-0.3864302337169647,
0.6906072497367859,
1.990678310394287,
0.3477228283882141,
2.161044120788574,
0.2283269762992859,
-0.07179953902959824,
0.2678111791610718,
-0.4278120696544647,
0.015434611588716507,
0.14123396575450897,
0.3006397485733032,
0.1400611251592636,
-0.4743208587169647,
-0.1618707776069641,
-0.26192405819892883,
0.11297190934419632,
0.024572892114520073,
0.3678755462169647,
-1.3166282176971436,
0.11124766618013382,
-0.20192648470401764,
-0.031592629849910736,
-0.06563775986433029,
-0.3431285619735718,
0.5112637877464294,
-0.1900634765625,
0.09814453125,
0.05380665138363838,
-0.029083944857120514,
0.2867320775985718,
0.06477182358503342,
-0.2978016138076782,
0.06873945891857147,
0.48641690611839294,
0.03598161041736603,
0.2510209381580353,
0.15826693177223206,
-0.0702061653137207,
4.633167743682861,
0.23902754485607147,
-0.2613969147205353,
0.28103914856910706,
0.1423589587211609,
0.22500887513160706,
0.28628817200660706,
0.029762960970401764,
0.16510286927223206,
0.519775390625,
0.5235262513160706,
-0.026972683146595955,
-0.07700417190790176,
0.102325439453125,
0.6726740002632141,
0.20591597259044647,
0.05365128815174103,
-0.041277799755334854,
0.122833251953125,
0.10189402848482132,
0.1452934890985489,
0.5583274364471436,
0.5165793895721436,
-0.06725657731294632,
-0.09733442962169647,
0.30398836731910706,
0.19152970612049103,
-0.5703125,
0.02366247959434986,
-0.5143155455589294,
0.2514148950576782,
5.4641337394714355,
-0.3732410669326782,
0.2972245514392853,
-0.15075545012950897,
0.2631780505180359,
0.15997314453125,
-0.1844225823879242,
0.13576160371303558,
-0.1154833734035492,
-0.105133056640625,
0.03039533458650112,
0.1912841796875,
-0.3685191869735718,
0.4333440661430359,
0.2975630462169647,
0.21080850064754486,
-0.31691673398017883,
-0.16198453307151794,
0.2996937036514282,
-0.3878728747367859,
0.7876864075660706,
-0.45431795716285706,
0.12806840240955353,
-0.17677445709705353,
-0.3959406018257141,
0.19309581816196442,
-0.15103982388973236,
0.49587181210517883,
0.01573736034333706,
0.24311619997024536,
0.5231489539146423,
0.24324174225330353,
0.2730296850204468,
0.023588700219988823,
0.23401156067848206,
0.07291065901517868,
0.7246981263160706,
-0.00003537264637998305,
0.2733820080757141,
-0.07023689895868301,
0.5584161877632141,
0.24933971464633942,
0.2521223723888397,
0.030135415494441986,
0.2521251440048218,
-0.27603426575660706,
-0.2655584216117859,
-0.24624910950660706,
-0.08612216264009476,
0.08784762024879456,
0.2665460705757141,
-0.21070168912410736,
1.124067783355713,
0.5643171668052673,
0.3108714818954468,
0.3807483911514282,
-0.09288995712995529,
-0.19241055846214294,
-0.2213190197944641,
-0.36178311705589294,
0.5895330309867859,
-0.06016401946544647,
-0.021087646484375,
0.3104691803455353,
0.13193997740745544,
0.3023015856742859,
-0.15598297119140625,
-0.03907611221075058,
0.84619140625,
-0.17002469301223755,
0.057845376431941986,
0.0553131103515625,
-0.011269656009972095,
-0.005767822265625,
-0.06817626953125,
-0.11989732086658478,
0.5833629369735718,
0.1676025390625,
0.1323186755180359,
0.27225562930107117,
-0.25840064883232117,
-0.2833418548107147,
-0.19593949615955353,
-0.06433191895484924,
0.1193188726902008,
0.055560026317834854,
0.015293467789888382,
-0.04533195495605469,
0.2132166028022766,
0.18437056243419647,
0.11791298538446426,
-0.021901218220591545,
-0.004659132566303015,
0.7349742650985718,
0.4144397974014282,
0.09385542571544647,
0.4741100072860718,
0.3953968286514282,
-0.013296647928655148,
0.1895696520805359,
-0.0013448541285470128,
0.438720703125,
0.27076026797294617,
-0.18239523470401764,
0.05076573044061661,
-0.1200786903500557,
-0.03473801910877228,
-0.11374595016241074,
0.12740187346935272,
0.24519486725330353,
0.7138227820396423,
0.5312944054603577,
0.14739297330379486,
-0.04835718497633934,
-0.1536157727241516
] |
88 | Who was King Zhaoxiang of Qin's mother? | [
{
"docid": "6667852#22",
"text": "In 306 BC, the young King Zhaoxiang ascended to the throne, with his mother Queen Dowager Xuan serving as regent. Knowing Qin could not focus on eradicating Yiqu when it had the hostile eastern states to deal with, and her son's rule was still shaky due to numerous rival princes keen to capture the throne, Queen Dowager Xuan decided to use an approach of pretended conciliation. She invited the king of Yiqu to live long-term in the Ganquan Palace, and consummated a seductive liaison that produced two sons with him. This completely removed the Yiqu King's hostility towards Qin, as the beguiled king had lost all cautiousness around the Queen Dowager. At the same time, King Zhaoxiang was aggressively acting to weaken rival warring states in the east and south, and Queen Dowager Xuan was secretly planning with her son the eventual annihilation of Yiqu.",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
},
{
"docid": "6667852#4",
"text": "Because King Zhaoxiang had not yet legally come of age (traditionally at the age of 20), his mother, who was now known as Queen Dowager Xuan, became the regent. She was supported by her brothers, Wei Ran and Mi Rong (羋戎), as well as two other sons, Prince Yi (公子悝) and Prince Fu (公子巿), the four of them collectively known as the \"Four Nobles\" (四貴).",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6667852#6",
"text": "In 305 BC, two of King Zhaoxiang's older half-brothers, Prince Zhuang (公子壯) and Prince Yong (公子雍), who a year ago were both rival contenders for the throne, conspired to carry out a coup with Queen Huiwen (惠文后, the mother of the late King Wu) and Queen Wu (悼武王后, King Wu's childless wife, who was a princess from Wei) as well as a dozen other lords and court officials who were against King Zhaoxiang's ascension. The rebellion was quickly crushed by Wei Ran, who slaughtered all the conspirators except Queen Wu, who was exiled back to Wei. With the annihilation of the dissidents, King Zhaoxiang's hold to the throne was secured. In the same year, King Zhaoxiang had his coming-of-age ceremony, and began to personally attend state affairs.",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
},
{
"docid": "6667852#0",
"text": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin (; 325–251 BC), or King Zhao of Qin (秦昭王), born Ying Ji (, was the king of Qin from 306 BC to 251 BC. He was the son of King Huiwen and younger brother of King Wu.",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
},
{
"docid": "6667852#25",
"text": "In 299 BC, King Zhaoxiang invited Lord Mengchang to Qin with the intention of appointing him as chancellor. However, after hearing (perhaps ill-intended) warnings from his ministers that Lord Mengchang was still loyal to his home state of Qi (which had just soured its diplomatic relationship with Qin), King Zhaoxiang ordered Lord Mengchang to be put under house arrest. Desperate, Lord Mengchang sent a messenger to bribe King's Zhaoxiang's favourite concubine, who demanded a snow fox fur coat, which Lord Mengchang had already given to King Zhaoxiang as a gift when he first arrived and had to steal back from the royal vault. Thanks to the pleas of the concubine, Lord Mengchang was released within two days, and he quickly smuggled himself out of Qin, narrowly evading a small army that King Zhaoxiang had ordered to pursue him. In 298 BC, the disgrunted Lord Mengchang, who was now the newly appointed chancellor of Qi, lobbied for a combined force of Qi, Han and Wei and laid siege to the Qin fortification of Hangu Pass. The allied army managed to penetrate past the Hangu Pass all the way to Yanshi (盐氏), forcing Qin to negotiate an armistice that involved returning the previously occupied Fengling and Wusui back to Wei and Han.",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
},
{
"docid": "6667852#1",
"text": "King Zhaoxiang reigned as the King of Qin for 57 years, and was responsible for the state of Qin achieving strategic dominance over the other six major states. During his reign, Qin captured the Chu capital Ying in 278 BC, conquered the Xirong state of Yiqu in 272 BC, slaughtered a 450,000-strong Zhao army at Changping in 260 BC, and overthrew the Eastern Zhou dynasty in 256 BC. These aggressive territorial expansions and the strategic weakening of other rival states paved the path for Qin's eventual unification of China three decades later by his great-grandson Ying Zheng.",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
},
{
"docid": "6667852#44",
"text": "King Zhaoxiang died at age 75 in 251 BC, having outlived his eldest son, who died in 267 BC while serving as a hostage in the state of Wei. He was succeeded by his second son King Xiaowen.",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
},
{
"docid": "6667852#3",
"text": "In 307 BC, Ying Ji's older half-brother, King Wu, unexpectedly died after breaking his shin bones while trying to show off his physical prowess by lifting a heavy bronze cauldron in the Zhou palace at Wangcheng. King Wu died young and childless, hence placing the state of Qin into a succession crisis, with a number of princes now eligible to claim the throne. At the time, Prince Ji was still a hostage in the state of Yan, and was generally considered unlikely to be a candidate. However, King Wuling of Zhao decided to take advantage of the situation and intervene in the domestic politics of his western neighbour. King Wuling ordered his chancellor of the Dai Commandery, Zhao Gu (趙固), to smuggle Prince Ji out of Yan into Zhao territory, before endorsing him to return to Qin and contest for the throne. Furthermore, Prince Ji's maternal uncle, Wei Ran (魏冉), was a general in command of a significant Qin military forces, and helped suppressing most of his nephew's political opponents. This enabled Prince Ji to successfully claim the throne as the King Zhaoxiang of Qin at the age of 18.",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
},
{
"docid": "6667852#34",
"text": "Bai Qi wanted to take advantage of the victory at Changping and immediately lay siege to the Zhao capital of Handan (邯鄲). This frightened the states of Zhao and Han greatly, so they sent Su Dai (蘇代, Su Qin's brother) to bribe Fan Ju (范雎, or Fan Sui 范睢), who was then the Qin chancellor and jealous of Bai Qi's military achievement. Fan Ju persuaded King Zhaoxiang to halt the offensives, citing as the reason that the soldiers needed to rest after years of war. Qin agreed to an armistice in exchange of the states of Zhao and Han conceding lands.",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
},
{
"docid": "6667852#32",
"text": "Unable to break the stalemate, Qin began using spies stationed within Zhao to spread rumours about Lian Po being old, cowardly and incompetent. King Xiaocheng believed the rumours, and decided to dismiss Lian Po and replace him with Zhao Kuo (趙括), the son of the late Zhao She, despite objections from chancellor Lin Xiangru and Zhao Kuo's own mother. Zhao Kuo, an arrogant young man with great philosophical knowledge of military strategies but no real combat experience, immediately reversed all of Lian Po's strategic arrangements upon arriving at the frontline. He led the Zhao army away from the protection of Lian Po's defensive structures, and sought to actively engage Qin in pitched battles.",
"title": "King Zhaoxiang of Qin"
}
] | [
0.4693697392940521,
0.08331651240587234,
-0.592576265335083,
0.06568086892366409,
-0.07711850851774216,
0.06630061566829681,
0.5224797129631042,
-0.31332632899284363,
0.33413460850715637,
0.13906624913215637,
-0.22300955653190613,
-0.36709359288215637,
-0.33591872453689575,
0.0236539114266634,
-0.5945199728012085,
-0.18554218113422394,
0.44550031423568726,
0.48798078298568726,
0.053973857313394547,
0.32908278703689575,
0.16273634135723114,
0.32194167375564575,
-0.21526160836219788,
-0.24643413722515106,
0.13661545515060425,
-0.07989267259836197,
-0.10118337720632553,
0.5938438773155212,
-0.22930438816547394,
0.34299880266189575,
0.32284781336784363,
-0.06409406661987305,
0.06110910326242447,
0.20313674211502075,
-0.20699837803840637,
0.36907488107681274,
0.46405500173568726,
0.04498613625764847,
-0.006291609723120928,
0.18860332667827606,
-0.08532553166151047,
-0.046805381774902344,
-0.27681320905685425,
0.06430112570524216,
-0.13009467720985413,
0.1905282884836197,
0.014353971928358078,
0.3791128396987915,
-0.20735520124435425,
-0.174968421459198,
0.1046142578125,
0.2698375880718231,
-0.33871695399284363,
-0.24933800101280212,
-0.2032286524772644,
0.562941312789917,
0.12492311745882034,
0.587158203125,
-0.27718645334243774,
0.18512725830078125,
0.09251462668180466,
0.041553203016519547,
-0.28720328211784363,
-0.2752591669559479,
0.20330810546875,
0.08915592730045319,
-0.15216533839702606,
0.15612323582172394,
0.4172738790512085,
0.016315460205078125,
-0.3083120584487915,
0.43612906336784363,
0.3198336064815521,
0.4107572138309479,
0.16038630902767181,
-0.434326171875,
-0.043918903917074203,
0.11724031716585159,
0.21344463527202606,
-0.4758394658565521,
0.8001051545143127,
-0.03485620766878128,
-0.21083655953407288,
0.02120707556605339,
0.022264041006565094,
0.5356820821762085,
-0.12168414890766144,
0.278500497341156,
0.32217171788215637,
0.2880108058452606,
-0.0029555100481957197,
-0.08127183467149734,
-0.092730812728405,
0.06903135031461716,
-0.16636070609092712,
0.1133921667933464,
0.27360183000564575,
-0.3875356912612915,
-0.3466327488422394,
-0.26620954275131226,
-0.03802490234375,
-0.2915414571762085,
0.2196420580148697,
0.3329913914203644,
0.2801889181137085,
-0.44826096296310425,
-0.051639851182699203,
0.38189226388931274,
-0.29761213064193726,
0.43162184953689575,
-0.07257549464702606,
-0.02092449553310871,
0.2745596170425415,
-0.02258535474538803,
0.16126427054405212,
-0.01799480803310871,
-0.18101619184017181,
-0.15478515625,
-0.2997061014175415,
-0.4294292628765106,
0.4484111964702606,
0.35773175954818726,
-0.269012451171875,
0.1782766431570053,
0.5290715098381042,
-0.20691703259944916,
0.33511117100715637,
0.19057053327560425,
0.6575645804405212,
-0.2544790506362915,
0.46527570486068726,
0.3849722146987915,
0.33084970712661743,
0.5110989809036255,
0.41717529296875,
0.12119381129741669,
0.18320465087890625,
-0.11856783181428909,
0.02764657884836197,
-0.08962190896272659,
0.1373109072446823,
0.2819072902202606,
0.2772146463394165,
0.34362441301345825,
-0.08581777662038803,
0.3756009638309479,
0.08339573442935944,
0.3697134256362915,
0.3143779933452606,
0.32350510358810425,
0.13249558210372925,
0.5273625254631042,
-0.6285682320594788,
0.5204890370368958,
-0.12473472952842712,
-0.06499363481998444,
0.5975999236106873,
-0.3622671365737915,
-0.08685706555843353,
0.01868145354092121,
0.7434457540512085,
0.41627854108810425,
-0.05241217836737633,
0.11124361306428909,
-0.20887991786003113,
0.30800217390060425,
0.02413647063076496,
0.0008169320644810796,
0.6513671875,
-0.06649164110422134,
-0.20293572545051575,
-0.3233267068862915,
0.11701320111751556,
-0.03713519871234894,
0.24273212254047394,
0.31875374913215637,
-0.2894304692745209,
-0.004407442640513182,
0.3109060525894165,
-0.18629837036132812,
0.19223257899284363,
0.3169696629047394,
0.07177206128835678,
0.47088152170181274,
0.4267578125,
0.14125648140907288,
0.08122135698795319,
0.05049990862607956,
-0.3769061863422394,
0.3766690790653229,
0.07247848063707352,
-0.39266732335090637,
0.7169846892356873,
0.18631568551063538,
0.02538827806711197,
-0.06282278150320053,
0.3282376825809479,
0.1594778150320053,
-0.16120117902755737,
0.05916375294327736,
-0.17299798130989075,
-0.32004958391189575,
-0.42747145891189575,
0.3635723292827606,
0.521409273147583,
-0.14380352199077606,
-0.18462665379047394,
0.3958646357059479,
-0.2266845703125,
-0.05547391623258591,
-0.06747142970561981,
0.13641357421875,
0.2687700688838959,
0.7366849184036255,
-0.07235395163297653,
0.1091293916106224,
0.14183807373046875,
-0.23867562413215637,
0.41034406423568726,
0.012964689172804356,
-0.3702298700809479,
0.4560171365737915,
-0.25302594900131226,
-0.11007455736398697,
0.20254281163215637,
-0.12925192713737488,
-0.10140052437782288,
-0.228729248046875,
0.16380897164344788,
-0.07345463335514069,
-0.05811603367328644,
0.11339040845632553,
0.5058218240737915,
0.1483083814382553,
-0.12475116550922394,
0.01915447600185871,
0.37802359461784363,
0.26250749826431274,
-0.1971435546875,
-0.09171940386295319,
0.1816640943288803,
-0.15526962280273438,
-0.2981332540512085,
0.5086482167243958,
0.42966872453689575,
-0.10593003779649734,
0.2002633959054947,
0.015162541531026363,
-0.2762357294559479,
0.18455153703689575,
-0.24173209071159363,
-0.228515625,
0.4244783818721771,
-0.19559890031814575,
0.1268240064382553,
0.20034907758235931,
0.08284375071525574,
0.011094899848103523,
0.2568265497684479,
0.2781231105327606,
-0.08669222146272659,
0.1431192308664322,
0.5201697945594788,
0.1478007435798645,
-0.4413217306137085,
-0.03783886134624481,
0.2467041015625,
0.5114182829856873,
-0.019019493833184242,
0.43343645334243774,
0.5456448793411255,
-0.3178945779800415,
0.3462594747543335,
0.003907423932105303,
-0.2523897588253021,
0.127338707447052,
0.056491851806640625,
-0.2763928771018982,
-0.48065656423568726,
0.07025850564241409,
0.4500826299190521,
0.06888521462678909,
-0.13423743844032288,
0.2244028002023697,
0.2945321798324585,
0.33334586024284363,
-0.1012766882777214,
-0.155853271484375,
-0.35792893171310425,
0.06334275752305984,
0.4149076044559479,
0.616774320602417,
0.4510028660297394,
-0.7442345023155212,
-0.25103288888931274,
-0.22414925694465637,
0.04267193749547005,
0.1760324388742447,
0.38198617100715637,
-0.18850472569465637,
0.5495323538780212,
-0.43369704484939575,
0.3492525517940521,
0.5893742442131042,
0.3609619140625,
-0.3711313009262085,
-0.17924147844314575,
0.05312640964984894,
-0.07776759564876556,
0.09858740121126175,
0.25973039865493774,
-0.4432748556137085,
-0.2578876316547394,
0.5115684866905212,
0.18542245030403137,
0.14749497175216675,
0.35992902517318726,
0.22896400094032288,
0.23574593663215637,
0.0781073197722435,
0.05166890099644661,
-0.2827523946762085,
-0.32675406336784363,
-0.6276292204856873,
0.17925556004047394,
-1.015474796295166,
0.16615177690982819,
-0.18355149030685425,
0.5069485902786255,
-0.052456196397542953,
0.7857947945594788,
0.09926018118858337,
0.31121355295181274,
0.023047227412462234,
0.12919734418392181,
0.14968636631965637,
0.2758413553237915,
-0.010160299018025398,
-0.10258836299180984,
-0.08349338173866272,
-0.16181938350200653,
-0.009550828486680984,
-0.359130859375,
0.4082782566547394,
0.33108285069465637,
0.06875111162662506,
0.039318379014730453,
-0.09860523045063019,
0.050261277705430984,
-0.030297499150037766,
0.50439453125,
0.03085561841726303,
0.07610379904508591,
0.21702224016189575,
-0.012147316709160805,
0.06885235011577606,
0.26643019914627075,
0.12656813859939575,
-0.14779898524284363,
-0.24364295601844788,
0.3369610011577606,
0.42660757899284363,
0.21739314496517181,
0.03327053785324097,
0.20014366507530212,
0.01491399947553873,
-0.045833881944417953,
0.25461989641189575,
0.19330742955207825,
-0.14930489659309387,
-0.002396803582087159,
0.4150484502315521,
-0.06876783818006516,
0.228831946849823,
-0.35888671875,
-0.3147348165512085,
-0.038519345223903656,
0.7961238026618958,
0.39932015538215637,
0.3586801290512085,
-0.047088623046875,
0.6107835173606873,
0.11582271754741669,
-0.2759258449077606,
-0.2827383279800415,
-0.30515700578689575,
0.03582250326871872,
0.468994140625,
0.212982177734375,
-0.026941299438476562,
0.12645076215267181,
-0.09834964573383331,
0.2688974142074585,
-0.10904869437217712,
-0.2874239385128021,
-0.3709622919559479,
0.11469092965126038,
0.20991633832454681,
-0.25917404890060425,
-0.1878286451101303,
0.21242816746234894,
0.5587440133094788,
0.43113356828689575,
0.5703688263893127,
4.044471263885498,
0.0907648503780365,
0.44858023524284363,
-0.29510027170181274,
0.15409733355045319,
-0.20277580618858337,
0.6615272164344788,
0.37611740827560425,
-0.2806865870952606,
0.09229337424039841,
-0.20525184273719788,
0.2771512567996979,
0.04634916037321091,
0.012311494909226894,
-0.02150982990860939,
0.3974233865737915,
0.6211876273155212,
0.19665057957172394,
0.24181893467903137,
0.2714632451534271,
-0.17813286185264587,
0.06379817426204681,
0.22607421875,
0.537184476852417,
0.5426964163780212,
0.05436442419886589,
0.3997098505496979,
0.13011756539344788,
0.335895836353302,
-0.07456617802381516,
0.1861196607351303,
-0.37603288888931274,
-0.047763530164957047,
-0.114288330078125,
-0.8398813009262085,
0.7207970023155212,
0.10133714228868484,
0.4717548191547394,
-0.07809565961360931,
0.2922269403934479,
-0.5830265879631042,
-0.2729116678237915,
-0.07723940163850784,
0.4639047384262085,
-0.06278346478939056,
-0.45282453298568726,
0.1051601991057396,
0.36399489641189575,
0.2717825174331665,
0.06591679155826569,
-0.014052757993340492,
-0.07681582868099213,
-0.09317485988140106,
0.32510140538215637,
0.06279930472373962,
0.541334867477417,
0.2287973314523697,
0.7228065133094788,
0.006941575091332197,
0.4060903787612915,
0.09822551906108856,
-0.2575214207172394,
0.33791878819465637,
0.22715407609939575,
-0.12033785134553909,
0.04206011816859245,
-0.10286477953195572,
0.34939810633659363,
-0.07918020337820053,
-0.2940274775028229,
0.6002291440963745,
0.32802170515060425,
0.14177176356315613,
0.042026814073324203,
-0.1182876005768776,
-0.004805344622582197,
-0.6942232847213745,
-0.14897273480892181,
0.013049638830125332,
-0.27528733015060425,
0.1693267822265625,
-0.3413555324077606,
0.10828458517789841,
0.43679574131965637,
-0.3501962423324585,
0.5261042714118958,
0.4206636846065521,
-0.5114933848381042,
0.2217019945383072,
0.11036564409732819,
0.23810753226280212,
0.4646371603012085,
0.43173453211784363,
0.4925366938114166,
-0.32924240827560425,
0.11617689579725266,
-0.06583698093891144,
-3.947866678237915,
0.34634163975715637,
0.1826711744070053,
-0.18193171918392181,
0.0025191674940288067,
0.05701897665858269,
0.016222000122070312,
-0.11939650028944016,
-0.4145977199077606,
0.005793645046651363,
-0.14508056640625,
0.07709444314241409,
-0.32928937673568726,
-0.20796672999858856,
0.23124343156814575,
0.04232054576277733,
-0.39535757899284363,
0.3517315089702606,
0.08743051439523697,
-0.39309456944465637,
-0.26967912912368774,
-0.1367727369070053,
0.4474722146987915,
-0.3070537745952606,
0.11516189575195312,
-0.16829857230186462,
0.4701772928237915,
-0.03671939671039581,
0.25527718663215637,
0.0876505896449089,
-0.049900349229574203,
-0.14760369062423706,
0.7860201597213745,
-0.09005267918109894,
-0.08103473484516144,
0.21080368757247925,
0.2023550122976303,
-0.13339585065841675,
0.15710684657096863,
0.4663837254047394,
-0.5142164826393127,
0.054325103759765625,
0.26505690813064575,
-0.14942961931228638,
-0.0938054621219635,
0.5402409434318542,
-0.28019478917121887,
0.023184262216091156,
-0.2607492208480835,
-0.030057907104492188,
-0.01797250658273697,
0.3177114725112915,
-0.12660335004329681,
-0.13166457414627075,
0.6157414317131042,
0.16030766069889069,
-0.1356741040945053,
-0.4950796365737915,
0.6274038553237915,
0.12858933210372925,
-0.05169443041086197,
-0.2921506464481354,
0.05511386692523956,
0.016524095088243484,
-0.06593088060617447,
0.12720900774002075,
-0.0017606294713914394,
0.01260206289589405,
0.15454453229904175,
-0.14310279488563538,
0.5959284901618958,
0.3817232549190521,
-0.012086134403944016,
0.10911442339420319,
0.48085373640060425,
0.4945537745952606,
0.22346261143684387,
-0.004754286725074053,
0.5322641134262085,
0.20014484226703644,
-0.2257925122976303,
0.14927321672439575,
-0.30486589670181274,
0.3407451808452606,
2.152193546295166,
0.28485578298568726,
2.253380298614502,
0.3735445439815521,
-0.08011333644390106,
0.5605093240737915,
-0.08949749171733856,
0.13273033499717712,
0.2803814113140106,
-0.06109149754047394,
-0.032090406864881516,
0.5971304178237915,
0.05466989427804947,
-0.017884474247694016,
0.13625571131706238,
-0.3186269998550415,
0.18138357996940613,
-1.255521297454834,
0.06580059230327606,
0.006558931898325682,
0.23696663975715637,
-0.5273813009262085,
-0.07494999468326569,
0.16739127039909363,
0.44638296961784363,
-0.27548453211784363,
-0.11959956586360931,
0.19910606741905212,
-0.3411395847797394,
-0.4302603006362915,
0.29075974225997925,
-0.046448927372694016,
0.3805307149887085,
-0.1915465146303177,
0.12791678309440613,
-0.14096714556217194,
-0.16885611414909363,
4.681790828704834,
-0.004348168149590492,
-0.21924297511577606,
-0.23869265615940094,
0.053498487919569016,
0.3505695164203644,
0.4524677097797394,
-0.13010112941265106,
0.130126953125,
0.5824256539344788,
0.519700288772583,
0.17808297276496887,
-0.22125479578971863,
-0.23285381495952606,
0.2579815089702606,
0.02305837720632553,
0.12435678392648697,
0.3560697138309479,
-0.21531090140342712,
0.12437145411968231,
0.12965378165245056,
-0.4300630986690521,
0.23638916015625,
-0.05883026123046875,
-0.013331486843526363,
0.28379470109939575,
0.022966237738728523,
-0.09844618290662766,
0.014024587348103523,
0.3755258321762085,
0.05426403135061264,
5.422475814819336,
0.38364118337631226,
0.33616286516189575,
-0.14923447370529175,
-0.21901585161685944,
0.13997474312782288,
0.007622351869940758,
0.1521230787038803,
-0.25399544835090637,
-0.1895376294851303,
-0.17706181108951569,
-0.24640831351280212,
0.02468343824148178,
0.299294114112854,
-0.06277289986610413,
0.2204519361257553,
-0.27456429600715637,
0.24015690386295319,
0.1259237378835678,
0.04041759669780731,
0.39268141984939575,
0.6176382303237915,
0.09422771632671356,
-0.5317007303237915,
-0.18104495108127594,
-0.20991867780685425,
-0.17380230128765106,
0.37968093156814575,
-0.25341325998306274,
0.06684684753417969,
0.3439190089702606,
0.2642446756362915,
-0.6281175017356873,
0.23302753269672394,
-0.17879074811935425,
0.23821552097797394,
0.16265986859798431,
0.17557232081890106,
0.4783466160297394,
-0.20997501909732819,
0.2624605596065521,
0.38435715436935425,
0.41128304600715637,
-0.02378581091761589,
-0.042683400213718414,
-0.11387281864881516,
-0.23507454991340637,
0.23646897077560425,
0.047616519033908844,
0.20174935460090637,
0.2692964971065521,
-0.09995210915803909,
1.080829381942749,
0.38366228342056274,
0.9143254160881042,
0.3632906377315521,
-0.25900503993034363,
0.3000629246234894,
0.1649557203054428,
-0.04979646950960159,
0.32141584157943726,
0.01485692523419857,
-0.08817467093467712,
-0.0026679406873881817,
0.3533466160297394,
0.44790413975715637,
0.3541705906391144,
-0.08065443485975266,
0.6580528616905212,
-0.3934420049190521,
0.32122802734375,
-0.2918795049190521,
-0.04846765473484993,
0.4484393894672394,
-0.08020723611116409,
0.071075439453125,
0.3790752589702606,
-0.24766658246517181,
0.014606182463467121,
0.24596229195594788,
-0.3610464334487915,
0.13861083984375,
0.10897123068571091,
-0.24383544921875,
-0.019105764105916023,
0.09579233080148697,
0.2865694463253021,
0.041631195694208145,
0.2761371433734894,
0.24162879586219788,
0.36868050694465637,
-0.17457462847232819,
0.25671857595443726,
0.6631985902786255,
-0.3309232294559479,
0.37595778703689575,
0.29586881399154663,
0.7548264861106873,
-0.09575124830007553,
0.02616148814558983,
-0.45827072858810425,
0.7191256284713745,
0.437530517578125,
0.16926456987857819,
0.21516770124435425,
-0.06566091626882553,
0.5788198709487915,
-0.05413583666086197,
-0.034096717834472656,
-0.189544677734375,
0.22308349609375,
0.10993605107069016,
-0.06635694950819016,
0.04721304029226303,
0.15426753461360931
] |
91 | What's the biggest wasp? | [
{
"docid": "20610164#10",
"text": "The largest social wasp is the Asian giant hornet, at up to in length. The various tarantula hawk wasps are of a similar size and can overpower a spider many times its own weight, and move it to its burrow, with a sting that is excruciatingly painful to humans. The solitary giant scoliid, \"Megascolia procer\", with a wingspan of 11.5 cm, has subspecies in Sumatra and Java; it is a parasitoid of the Atlas beetle \"Chalcosoma atlas\". The female giant ichneumon wasp \"Megarhyssa macrurus\" is long including its very long but slender ovipositor which is used for boring into wood and inserting eggs. The smallest wasps are solitary chalcid wasps in the family Mymaridae, including the world's smallest known insect, \"Dicopomorpha echmepterygis\" (139 micrometres long) and \"Kikiki huna\" with a body length of only 158 micrometres, the smallest known flying insect.",
"title": "Wasp"
},
{
"docid": "20610164#2",
"text": "Wasps first appeared in the fossil record in the Jurassic, and diversified into many surviving superfamilies by the Cretaceous. They are a successful and diverse group of insects with tens of thousands of described species; wasps have spread to all parts of the world except for the polar regions. The largest social wasp is the Asian giant hornet, at up to in length; among the largest solitary wasps is a group of species known as tarantula hawks, along with the giant scoliid of Indonesia (\"Megascolia procer\"). The smallest wasps are solitary chalcid wasps in the family Mymaridae, including the world's smallest known insect, with a body length of only , and the smallest known flying insect, only long.",
"title": "Wasp"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "20610164#1",
"text": "The most commonly known wasps, such as yellowjackets and hornets, are in the family Vespidae and are eusocial, living together in a nest with an egg-laying queen and non-reproducing workers. Eusociality is favoured by the unusual haplodiploid system of sex determination in Hymenoptera, as it makes sisters exceptionally closely related to each other. However, the majority of wasp species are solitary, with each adult female living and breeding independently. Females typically have an ovipositor for laying eggs in or near a food source for the larvae, though in the Aculeata the ovipositor is often modified instead into a sting used for defense or prey capture. Wasps play many ecological roles. Some are predators or pollinators, whether to feed themselves or to provision their nests. Many, notably the cuckoo wasps, are kleptoparasites, laying eggs in the nests of other wasps. Many of the solitary wasps are parasitoidal, meaning they lay eggs on or in other insects (any life stage from egg to adult) and often provision their own nests with such hosts. Unlike true parasites, the wasp larvae eventually kill their hosts. Solitary wasps parasitize almost every pest insect, making wasps valuable in horticulture for biological pest control of species such as whitefly in tomatoes and other crops.",
"title": "Wasp"
},
{
"docid": "438675#9",
"text": "On 30 January 2012, \"Wasp\" set sail for Operation Bold Alligator, the largest amphibious exercise conducted by U.S. forces in the last decade. The exercise took place from 30 January to 12 February, both afloat and ashore in and around Virginia and North Carolina. In May 2012, \"Wasp\" participated in New York's Fleet Week, docking at Pier 92 on the Hudson River and offering tours of the ship to the general public. In July 2012, \"Wasp\" visited Boston for Fleet Week 2012 and Fourth of July festivities. On 30 October 2012, \"Wasp\" was sent towards the Hurricane Sandy impact area in case the USN was needed to support the disaster relief efforts. In June 2016, \"Wasp\" deployed for a six-month tour to the Middle East In October 2016, the US Navy announced that \"Wasp\" will deploy to Sasebo, Japan in late 2017, replacing her sister ship , which will be moved to San Diego, California. On 1 August 2016, Marine AV-8B Harriers from \"Wasp\" began strikes against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya as part of manned and unmanned airstrikes on targets near Sirte, launching at least five times within two days. In late October 2016, \"Wasp\" was replaced by .",
"title": "USS Wasp (LHD-1)"
},
{
"docid": "531972#0",
"text": "Wasps of the cosmopolitan genus Polistes (the only genus in the tribe Polistini) are the most familiar of the polistine wasps, and are the most common type of paper wasp in North America. It is also the single largest genus within the family Vespidae, with over 300 recognized species and subspecies. Their innate preferences for nest-building sites leads them to commonly build nests on human habitation, where they can be very unwelcome; although generally not aggressive, they can be provoked into defending their nests. All species are predatory, and they may consume large numbers of caterpillars, in which respect they are generally considered beneficial. The European paper wasp, \"Polistes dominula\", was introduced into the US about 1981 and has quickly spread throughout most of the country, in most cases replacing native species within a few years. This species is very commonly mistaken for a yellow jacket, as it is black, strongly marked with yellow, and quite different from the native North American species of \"Polistes\". The cuckoo wasp, \"Polistes sulcifer\", is an obligate social parasite, whose only host is \"P. dominula\". \"Polistes annularis\", whose species name is Latin for \"ringed\", is also known for its distinctive red body color. \"Polistes metricus\" adults malaxate their insect prey by chewing them into a pulp, sucking out and ingesting the body fluids, then feeding the rest of the morsel to their larvae. The most widely distributed South American wasp species, \"Polistes versicolor\", is particularly common in the southeastern Brazilian states. This social wasp is commonly referred to as the yellow paper wasp due to the distinct yellow bands found on its thorax and abdomen. \"Polistes\" wasps can be identified by their characteristic flight; their long legs dangle below their bodies, which are also more slender than a yellow jacket.",
"title": "Polistes"
},
{
"docid": "44130292#0",
"text": "Polybia rejecta is a species of social wasp found in the Neotropics region of the world. It was discovered by Fabricius in South America in the 1790s. The wasp is associated with many other organisms, particularly specific species of ants and birds such as the \"Azteca\" ants and the cacique birds. This association is most beneficial to the ants and birds because of the aggressive protective nature of the wasp. The wasps will protect their nest even if it means death against any predator that approaches it and therefore this means that the association also protects the ants and birds. Additionally, the wasp is known for eating the eggs of red eyed tree frogs as a main way of subsistence. It also, like many other wasp species, has a caste system of queens and workers that is evident by difference in body size among the wasps; the biggest female becomes the queen.",
"title": "Polybia rejecta"
},
{
"docid": "11247268#8",
"text": "\"We designed the building from the inside out, not the outside in,” said Loretta H. Cockrum, Foram’s founder, chairman and CEO. “We wanted the most efficient office building ever designed, with no wasted space or wasted energy. This is a building of the future more than a building of the present. A lot of love has gone into that building, and a lot of pride.\"",
"title": "Brickell World Plaza"
},
{
"docid": "14046416#2",
"text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.",
"title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "19477084#6",
"text": "Recent exhibitions at Tensta konsthall include\n• “Abstract Possible: The Stockholm Synergies,” with Doug Ashford, Claire Barclay, Goldin+Senneby, Wade Guyton, Mai-Thu Perret, Walid Raad, and Haegue Yang, among others\n• “Kami, Khokha, Bert and Ernie: World Heritage” by Hinrich Sachs\n• “Doing what you want: Marie-Louise Ekman accompanied by Sister Corita Kent, Mladen Stilinović, and Martha Wilson” \n• “The Society without qualities” with Sören Andreasen, Ane Hjort Guttu, Sture Johannesson, Sharon Lockhardt, and Palle Nielsen (part of “The new model” and curated by Lars Bang Larsen)\n• “Working With…” by Zak Kyes\n• “We are continuing BBDG” with Bernd Krauss\n• “Two Archives” by Babak Afrassiabi and Nasrin Tabatabai",
"title": "Tensta Konsthall"
},
{
"docid": "37367511#0",
"text": "ㅋ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅋ is U+314B.",
"title": "ㅋ"
}
] | [
0.21112060546875,
-0.3214965760707855,
-0.40473634004592896,
0.3838134706020355,
0.005677414126694202,
-0.2943054139614105,
0.3453002870082855,
-0.38068848848342896,
-0.00956802349537611,
0.24666747450828552,
-0.02693481370806694,
-0.05584106594324112,
-0.3464111387729645,
-0.33599853515625,
0.009479540400207043,
-0.1454296112060547,
0.4777587950229645,
-0.06438903510570526,
-0.08524627983570099,
0.36304932832717896,
-0.31550294160842896,
0.39512938261032104,
0.08346252143383026,
-0.10730285942554474,
0.278564453125,
-0.13768310844898224,
-0.13037109375,
0.25410765409469604,
0.027515817433595657,
-0.13681945204734802,
0.02614746056497097,
-0.3166747987270355,
0.19243164360523224,
0.848828136920929,
-0.11660156399011612,
0.21556396782398224,
-0.06865997612476349,
0.35966795682907104,
0.18509826064109802,
-0.0026428222190588713,
0.2567138671875,
0.19977417588233948,
0.1898956298828125,
-0.2614379823207855,
-0.1353912353515625,
-0.13173218071460724,
-0.09352874755859375,
0.4686279296875,
-0.03952636569738388,
0.0678989440202713,
-0.36572265625,
0.139678955078125,
-0.1266021728515625,
-0.163787841796875,
-0.06216106563806534,
0.23147697746753693,
0.13484802842140198,
0.8285156488418579,
-0.013453674502670765,
0.002014541532844305,
0.1994476318359375,
-0.07960090786218643,
-0.20411376655101776,
-0.15909424424171448,
0.3389434814453125,
0.2827392518520355,
-0.18513183295726776,
0.43305665254592896,
0.281005859375,
0.20093993842601776,
0.12104187160730362,
0.555493175983429,
0.3848876953125,
0.24666747450828552,
-0.10956116020679474,
-0.3671508729457855,
0.28631591796875,
0.37666016817092896,
0.33295899629592896,
0.23930664360523224,
0.21535643935203552,
-0.14004822075366974,
-0.41289061307907104,
0.20234985649585724,
-0.2479248046875,
0.28010255098342896,
-0.117645263671875,
0.3938964903354645,
0.14116820693016052,
0.791210949420929,
-0.13213881850242615,
-0.25413817167282104,
0.419921875,
0.06344299018383026,
0.24371337890625,
0.2887206971645355,
0.16293640434741974,
0.01820049248635769,
0.26263427734375,
0.0345306396484375,
0.10742797702550888,
-0.19992676377296448,
-0.02713603898882866,
0.290679931640625,
0.16262206435203552,
-0.3099121153354645,
-0.5252929925918579,
0.03694763034582138,
0.48872071504592896,
0.12955626845359802,
-0.0204925537109375,
-0.32561033964157104,
0.20067748427391052,
-0.43818360567092896,
0.4685302674770355,
-0.1577884703874588,
0.03238525241613388,
-0.13865432143211365,
0.013303947634994984,
-0.6539062261581421,
0.6280761957168579,
0.21381226181983948,
-0.41081541776657104,
-0.2607055604457855,
0.04208068922162056,
0.06483916938304901,
0.564257800579071,
0.047891996800899506,
0.6883300542831421,
0.02337646484375,
-0.2915283143520355,
0.40394288301467896,
0.36851805448532104,
0.46611326932907104,
0.30758970975875854,
0.3087829649448395,
0.310546875,
0.0809326171875,
0.37596434354782104,
-0.19602051377296448,
-0.25285643339157104,
0.09752655029296875,
-0.15363769233226776,
0.636889636516571,
0.05397224426269531,
0.3193115293979645,
0.03265228122472763,
-0.11073608696460724,
0.21062317490577698,
0.28118896484375,
0.04473400115966797,
0.15929260849952698,
-0.017757225781679153,
0.43748778104782104,
0.14109954237937927,
-0.18387451767921448,
0.28718870878219604,
0.22596435248851776,
-0.14971618354320526,
-0.18066711723804474,
0.640820324420929,
0.2566772401332855,
-0.10129394382238388,
-0.009327697567641735,
0.03004760667681694,
0.22978515923023224,
0.0714874267578125,
0.591235339641571,
0.48359376192092896,
-0.16475220024585724,
-0.06209564208984375,
0.3358154296875,
-0.18717193603515625,
-0.40186768770217896,
0.17665405571460724,
0.20428466796875,
-0.10367736965417862,
0.06698188930749893,
0.2903686463832855,
-0.054819487035274506,
0.2943359315395355,
0.2628417909145355,
0.41789549589157104,
-0.0632171630859375,
0.7967773675918579,
0.4415283203125,
-0.3194335997104645,
0.3149780333042145,
-0.2868408262729645,
-0.17154140770435333,
0.145721435546875,
0.04154205322265625,
0.3050781190395355,
-0.3651489317417145,
0.00935440044850111,
0.47734373807907104,
-0.3292602598667145,
0.061885833740234375,
-0.2903808653354645,
-0.03323211520910263,
-0.22185668349266052,
0.258444219827652,
-0.6375488042831421,
0.07607879489660263,
0.20604857802391052,
-0.36579591035842896,
0.16805724799633026,
-0.0319887176156044,
-0.3965820372104645,
-0.0056915283203125,
0.06310119479894638,
0.20844726264476776,
0.15359191596508026,
0.02733612060546875,
-0.32597655057907104,
-0.23780517280101776,
-0.508056640625,
-0.06765594333410263,
0.37419891357421875,
-0.17259064316749573,
-0.3001464903354645,
0.22307129204273224,
0.018829345703125,
-0.07931824028491974,
0.19622802734375,
-0.04540099948644638,
-0.05130424350500107,
-0.7677246332168579,
0.1626434326171875,
0.29143065214157104,
0.17738953232765198,
0.37944334745407104,
0.03277473524212837,
-0.24557189643383026,
0.20303650200366974,
0.2710205018520355,
0.011759186163544655,
0.381103515625,
-0.21169432997703552,
0.04165191575884819,
0.19191893935203552,
0.07148818671703339,
-0.16544190049171448,
0.560473620891571,
0.35063475370407104,
0.13045577704906464,
0.311715692281723,
0.3239502012729645,
-0.08137369155883789,
-0.15514831244945526,
0.19100341200828552,
0.13592529296875,
0.19631347060203552,
0.3740600645542145,
-0.3909668028354645,
0.2735229432582855,
-0.15267029404640198,
-0.18804016709327698,
0.10633087158203125,
0.22916260361671448,
0.2857910096645355,
0.270407110452652,
0.24456787109375,
0.36821287870407104,
-0.312255859375,
-0.03734540939331055,
-0.03652496263384819,
0.509936511516571,
0.16414794325828552,
0.30914306640625,
0.39458006620407104,
-0.5432373285293579,
0.10786590725183487,
-0.23778381943702698,
-0.3128418028354645,
0.09396819770336151,
0.44255369901657104,
0.00797424279153347,
-0.45646971464157104,
0.4006591737270355,
0.0317535400390625,
-0.154388427734375,
-0.23554687201976776,
0.17032471299171448,
0.34649658203125,
0.47565919160842896,
-0.008274555206298828,
0.02751312218606472,
-0.6362549066543579,
0.191986083984375,
0.08752746880054474,
0.519091784954071,
0.08098602294921875,
-0.5617431402206421,
-0.35065919160842896,
0.3015502989292145,
0.09449081122875214,
-0.019212722778320312,
0.10538329929113388,
0.017705727368593216,
0.7315918207168579,
-0.32099610567092896,
0.08806977421045303,
0.06715641170740128,
-0.011075019836425781,
-0.021324539557099342,
-0.018262099474668503,
-0.09934692084789276,
0.051183320581912994,
0.0027557373978197575,
0.36436766386032104,
-0.0044708251953125,
0.126861572265625,
0.06770934909582138,
0.3132690489292145,
0.245472714304924,
-0.12084293365478516,
-0.1060791015625,
0.633544921875,
0.154632568359375,
-0.0527191162109375,
0.16071777045726776,
-0.29552000761032104,
-0.09874572604894638,
0.46635740995407104,
-0.30295780301094055,
0.19839783012866974,
-0.38093262910842896,
0.5042724609375,
0.41389161348342896,
0.4446777403354645,
0.15241622924804688,
-0.10256042331457138,
-0.11674956977367401,
0.19508667290210724,
0.24709472060203552,
0.16930541396141052,
0.28277283906936646,
0.12880554795265198,
0.24235840141773224,
0.10200729221105576,
0.036972809582948685,
0.09648895263671875,
0.32158201932907104,
-0.050693511962890625,
0.037660978734493256,
0.18648071587085724,
-0.1086273193359375,
0.45881348848342896,
-0.17227783799171448,
0.23626708984375,
0.3575805723667145,
-0.0233001708984375,
-0.12861251831054688,
0.26933592557907104,
-0.554516613483429,
0.341064453125,
0.36781007051467896,
0.09151916205883026,
-0.2708984315395355,
0.22636719048023224,
0.21207618713378906,
-0.10122070461511612,
0.02584247663617134,
0.11850281059741974,
-0.13660582900047302,
-0.12816962599754333,
-0.15151305496692657,
0.01841430738568306,
-0.4406494200229645,
0.09901580959558487,
-0.29294586181640625,
0.07621307671070099,
0.32994383573532104,
-0.23009033501148224,
-0.3047241270542145,
0.35802000761032104,
0.49150389432907104,
0.5354980230331421,
-0.047698210924863815,
-0.007465362548828125,
0.4162841737270355,
-0.27940672636032104,
-0.06129760667681694,
-0.4106994569301605,
0.01274719275534153,
0.008860397152602673,
0.21354369819164276,
0.16949462890625,
-0.087371826171875,
0.3196655213832855,
0.26434326171875,
-0.23002929985523224,
-0.18632355332374573,
-0.30474853515625,
0.20567016303539276,
0.10903320461511612,
0.2527709901332855,
0.3411865234375,
0.05496330186724663,
0.148956298828125,
0.45795899629592896,
0.31446534395217896,
0.3013671934604645,
4.224999904632568,
0.0037414550315588713,
0.12828674912452698,
-0.15878906846046448,
0.01589355431497097,
0.37983399629592896,
0.3004394471645355,
-0.3516296446323395,
0.0153656005859375,
0.06226501613855362,
0.07449264824390411,
0.29185789823532104,
0.2181396484375,
-0.21835938096046448,
-0.05463256686925888,
-0.019556809216737747,
0.7289062738418579,
0.16338196396827698,
-0.32956236600875854,
0.3282226622104645,
-0.3829589784145355,
0.5931640863418579,
0.264547735452652,
0.2487037628889084,
0.4688476622104645,
0.011859131045639515,
0.11174698173999786,
-0.3551906645298004,
0.4686279296875,
0.40605467557907104,
0.4500488340854645,
0.09512176364660263,
0.08120117336511612,
0.21343383193016052,
-1.032324194908142,
0.22845458984375,
0.2912841737270355,
-0.08453445136547089,
0.2528442442417145,
0.18654175102710724,
-0.23369140923023224,
0.0946807861328125,
0.2953857481479645,
0.3745361268520355,
0.490966796875,
-0.22838744521141052,
-0.06763992458581924,
0.6087890863418579,
0.041323471814394,
0.16064453125,
0.10035400092601776,
-0.18393555283546448,
-0.07109375298023224,
-0.28350830078125,
0.0897396057844162,
0.4671874940395355,
0.24224853515625,
0.19089050590991974,
-0.17278441786766052,
0.4781738221645355,
-0.024117659777402878,
-0.11687012016773224,
0.1396530121564865,
-0.15021362900733948,
-0.34962159395217896,
0.14395752549171448,
0.3096557557582855,
0.5745605230331421,
0.16135874390602112,
-0.3606201112270355,
0.4844970703125,
0.289306640625,
0.24370422959327698,
-0.3558715879917145,
0.11493434756994247,
0.01698150672018528,
-0.4760498106479645,
0.274392694234848,
0.15653686225414276,
-0.02633228339254856,
-0.09437408298254013,
-0.05045738071203232,
0.25103759765625,
0.32823485136032104,
-0.06478176265954971,
0.5387939214706421,
-0.005353164859116077,
-0.07541503757238388,
0.45341795682907104,
0.0904083251953125,
0.01442785281687975,
-0.10839386284351349,
0.201385498046875,
-0.11770286411046982,
-0.06045417860150337,
0.25891417264938354,
0.09760894626379013,
-3.989453077316284,
-0.14296264946460724,
0.3067993223667145,
-0.04093017429113388,
0.024143408983945847,
-0.28524476289749146,
0.02674555778503418,
0.14977112412452698,
-0.34614259004592896,
0.7369629144668579,
0.10366668552160263,
0.07080230861902237,
-0.22999267280101776,
0.5038086175918579,
0.33210450410842896,
0.0045989989303052425,
-0.000091552734375,
0.055220793932676315,
0.2894531190395355,
-0.21731872856616974,
0.19321289658546448,
0.49089354276657104,
0.4847168028354645,
-0.1745937317609787,
0.505126953125,
0.02828521654009819,
0.03980255126953125,
-0.504199206829071,
0.24251708388328552,
0.02700195275247097,
0.028614426031708717,
-0.33112794160842896,
0.34477537870407104,
-0.3780761659145355,
-0.19258728623390198,
0.20205001533031464,
0.295013427734375,
-0.03806266933679581,
0.17495116591453552,
0.3556884825229645,
0.041988372802734375,
0.17944946885108948,
0.2017894685268402,
0.295654296875,
-0.01389389019459486,
-0.047919951379299164,
-0.07855644077062607,
0.22826537489891052,
-0.33338624238967896,
0.258056640625,
0.16234131157398224,
0.23822021484375,
-0.43608397245407104,
0.08788452297449112,
0.6275390386581421,
-0.09700584411621094,
0.4458251893520355,
-0.38981932401657104,
0.27912598848342896,
0.36927491426467896,
0.2953247129917145,
0.15001221001148224,
0.10647277534008026,
0.19346007704734802,
0.21052245795726776,
0.018726730719208717,
0.2514175474643707,
0.14783325791358948,
0.2535339295864105,
0.05507202073931694,
0.06401367485523224,
0.3210205137729645,
0.13891753554344177,
0.4267982542514801,
0.130859375,
0.49687498807907104,
-0.18854065239429474,
-0.02082061767578125,
0.749804675579071,
0.4648498594760895,
0.07403258979320526,
-0.143585205078125,
-0.4054931700229645,
0.2619262635707855,
2.700878858566284,
0.3391052186489105,
2.3282227516174316,
0.06629256904125214,
-0.2877349853515625,
0.4535888731479645,
-0.23442383110523224,
0.24208983778953552,
0.10289917141199112,
-0.24880370497703552,
-0.26123046875,
0.25982666015625,
-0.16278381645679474,
-0.005807972047477961,
-0.10320892184972763,
0.14190368354320526,
0.40935057401657104,
-0.768139660358429,
-0.0047668456099927425,
-0.3507934510707855,
0.12908935546875,
-0.29755860567092896,
-0.116455078125,
0.39344483613967896,
0.054534912109375,
0.0042247772216796875,
-0.35551148653030396,
0.13262939453125,
0.01678008958697319,
-0.32713621854782104,
-0.02775878831744194,
-0.09700985252857208,
0.36042481660842896,
0.34393310546875,
0.041123390197753906,
0.26483154296875,
0.05231475830078125,
4.697265625,
-0.017093848437070847,
-0.004253387451171875,
-0.16355590522289276,
0.011385345831513405,
0.19962462782859802,
-0.06540069729089737,
0.12341614067554474,
0.07741089165210724,
0.02977447584271431,
0.39509886503219604,
0.30949705839157104,
0.18852539360523224,
-0.16560058295726776,
-0.021176839247345924,
0.29033201932907104,
0.08719482272863388,
0.14561767876148224,
0.2560668885707855,
-0.12186279147863388,
0.01223907433450222,
0.3711791932582855,
0.4662109315395355,
-0.10153961181640625,
0.3811401426792145,
0.06173901632428169,
0.21939697861671448,
-0.25877684354782104,
-0.1415252685546875,
0.272216796875,
0.08343124389648438,
5.437890529632568,
0.23011474311351776,
0.23166504502296448,
-0.36748045682907104,
0.10299988090991974,
0.39501953125,
-0.26708984375,
-0.3405517637729645,
-0.23723754286766052,
-0.14552001655101776,
-0.3831787109375,
0.30131834745407104,
-0.30961912870407104,
0.5682617425918579,
0.16271667182445526,
0.4753662049770355,
-0.27110594511032104,
0.18328246474266052,
0.0280914306640625,
0.32768553495407104,
0.625781238079071,
-0.17497864365577698,
0.19652099907398224,
-0.595019519329071,
-0.26420822739601135,
-0.36949461698532104,
-0.21566161513328552,
0.3935180604457855,
-0.10506729781627655,
-0.14891357719898224,
0.30987548828125,
0.23424682021141052,
-0.32493895292282104,
0.3666534423828125,
-0.3423828184604645,
-0.014895486645400524,
0.30815428495407104,
0.19048461318016052,
0.026752281934022903,
-0.05748023837804794,
0.18267211318016052,
0.4277099668979645,
-0.28032225370407104,
-0.19084015488624573,
-0.02756805345416069,
0.021481703966856003,
-0.04918060451745987,
0.1375732421875,
-0.012412667274475098,
-0.08241577446460724,
0.2562576234340668,
-0.21041259169578552,
0.982421875,
-0.09769821166992188,
-0.06516952812671661,
0.5241943597793579,
-0.02630767785012722,
0.11782989650964737,
0.45305174589157104,
0.23505249619483948,
0.5343017578125,
0.210235595703125,
-0.356689453125,
0.28558349609375,
0.15948180854320526,
0.28118896484375,
0.3776611387729645,
-0.10939941555261612,
0.45231932401657104,
-0.03748168796300888,
0.01631774939596653,
0.3146728575229645,
0.21712341904640198,
0.510791003704071,
-0.0914306640625,
-0.1060422882437706,
-0.09057235717773438,
-0.055655669420957565,
0.18404769897460938,
-0.065887451171875,
0.10568046569824219,
-0.23055419325828552,
-0.14649048447608948,
-0.18923035264015198,
0.023480987176299095,
-0.02074584923684597,
-0.21933594346046448,
0.4339843690395355,
-0.013073349371552467,
0.3545822501182556,
0.4157958924770355,
0.31102293729782104,
-0.1407695710659027,
0.4955810606479645,
-0.14931945502758026,
0.19154663383960724,
0.30504149198532104,
0.10201873630285263,
-0.29205322265625,
0.11938552558422089,
-0.0063644410111010075,
0.281240850687027,
0.088134765625,
-0.25453490018844604,
0.39686280488967896,
-0.3205200135707855,
0.05295104905962944,
0.13229064643383026,
-0.05851616710424423,
0.2555297911167145,
0.39143067598342896,
0.690722644329071,
-0.02554016187787056,
0.0821775421500206,
-0.21515503525733948
] |
92 | When was the University of Maryland football team established? | [
{
"docid": "52986748#0",
"text": "The 2017 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Terrapins played their home games at Maryland Stadium in College Park, Maryland and competed in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference. Maryland celebrated their 125th anniversary of the program that was established in 1892, when the University of Maryland, College Park was still known as the Maryland Agricultural College. They were led by second-year head coach D.J. Durkin. They finished the season 4–8, 2–7 in Big Ten play to finish in a tie for sixth place in the East Division.",
"title": "2017 Maryland Terrapins football team"
},
{
"docid": "28293785#0",
"text": "The Maryland Terrapins college football team competes as part of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), representing the University of Maryland, College Park in the Eastern Division of the Big Ten Conference. Since the establishment of the team in 1892, Maryland has appeared in 27 bowl games. Included in these games are three appearances in the Orange Bowl, one in the Sugar Bowl and one Bowl Championship Series (BCS) game appearance in the 2002 Orange Bowl. The latest bowl occurred on December 26, 2016, when Boston College defeated Maryland 36-30 in the Quick Lane Bowl. The defeat in that game brought the Terrapins' overall bowl record to 11–14–2.",
"title": "List of Maryland Terrapins bowl games"
},
{
"docid": "5928395#14",
"text": "An unofficial football team composed of Maryland Agricultural College students played games against local high schools in 1890 and 1891. The following year, the school lent its support, which marked of the Maryland football program in 1892. The football team has continued to the present day with the exception of a brief hiatus in 1895. In 1894, former Maryland coach and player William W. Skinner spearheaded the formation of the Maryland Intercollegiate Football Association, which served to award the state football championship. Maryland hired D. John Markey as its first paid football coach in 1902. H. C. \"Curley\" Byrd, who eventually served as the university president from 1936 to 1953, began his playing career on the team in 1905. In 1911, Byrd was appointed as the head football coach, and he served in that position through 1934. During his tenure, Byrd was instrumental in growing support of the program, and in 1915 successfully requisitioned funding for the school's first stadium. In his position as university president, he was also responsible for building the school's current football facility, Maryland Stadium.",
"title": "Maryland Terrapins"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "48543432#0",
"text": "The 1902 Maryland Aggies football team represented Maryland Agricultural College (later part of the University of Maryland) in the 1902 college football season. In their first season under head coach D. John Markey, the Aggies compiled a 3–5–2 record and were outscored by their opponents, 90 to 28. On October 22, 1902, the team secured its first victory in four years in an intercollegiate football game, defeating Columbian University (later known as George Washington University) by an 11–10 score.",
"title": "1902 Maryland Aggies football team"
},
{
"docid": "48543482#0",
"text": "The 1913 Maryland Aggies football team represented Maryland Agricultural College (which became Maryland State College in 1916 and part of the University of Maryland in 1920) in the 1913 college football season. In their third season under head coach Curley Byrd, the Aggies compiled a 6–3 record, shut out five of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents, 184 to 139. The team's three losses were to Navy (0–76), Gallaudet University (0–26), and Widener University (7–27).",
"title": "1913 Maryland Aggies football team"
},
{
"docid": "28122062#0",
"text": "The 1892 Maryland Aggies football team represented the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) in the 1892 college football season. It was the first football team to officially represent the school. Maryland played three games, all of which it lost, and failed to score any points. Halfback Pearse \"Shorty\" Prough gained the only positive yardage for the team against Episcopal High School. He netted 35 yards from scrimmage after first running 30 yards in the wrong direction. It remained the only winless Maryland team until matched by the 1967 squad coached by Bob Ward.",
"title": "1892 Maryland Aggies football team"
},
{
"docid": "48543485#0",
"text": "The 1919 Maryland State Aggies football team represented Maryland State College (which in 1920 became part of the University of Maryland) in the 1919 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Curley Byrd, the Aggies compiled a 5–4 record, and outscored their opponents 93 to 74. The team defeated Virginia (13–0), St. John's College (19–14), and Catholic University (13–0), but lost to Swarthmore (6–10), West Virginia (0–27), Virginia Tech (0–6), and Yale (0–31). In the final game of the season, the Aggies won the Maryland state championship by defeating Johns Hopkins by a 13 to 0 score in Baltimore.",
"title": "1919 Maryland State Aggies football team"
},
{
"docid": "29844032#0",
"text": "The 1896 Maryland Aggies football team represented the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) in the 1896 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Grenville Lewis and finished with a 6–2–2 record.",
"title": "1896 Maryland Aggies football team"
},
{
"docid": "28509503#0",
"text": "The 1956 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college football in its fourth season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They were led by first-year head coach Tommy Mont, who had been promoted from backfield assistant after Jim Tatum left to take over at North Carolina. Preseason hopes were high for the team, but it suffered numerous injuries and other misfortunes. Maryland finished with a 2–7–1 record, and the Associated Press called it \"one of the year's most disappointing football teams\".",
"title": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team"
},
{
"docid": "28142302#0",
"text": "The 1894 Maryland Aggies football team represented the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) in the 1894 college football season. Maryland participated as a member of the Maryland Intercollegiate Football Association, which was formed as a result of a disagreement the previous season over whether Maryland or St. John's College deserved the state championship. The Aggies finished the season with a 4–3 record.",
"title": "1894 Maryland Aggies football team"
}
] | [
0.46160888671875,
-0.11422324180603027,
0.12437566369771957,
0.05906740948557854,
-0.2338765412569046,
-0.08441797643899918,
0.2952372133731842,
-0.24050776660442352,
-0.16209666430950165,
0.4041951596736908,
-0.09079106897115707,
-0.049468994140625,
-0.6121012568473816,
0.1242014542222023,
-0.3793741762638092,
0.15423965454101562,
0.456787109375,
-0.105194091796875,
-0.0063414969481527805,
-0.1888580322265625,
0.19418080151081085,
0.4717000424861908,
0.2652486264705658,
0.15306758880615234,
-0.1970062255859375,
-0.1118927001953125,
-0.2577311098575592,
0.5041911005973816,
0.23434703052043915,
0.021658897399902344,
0.118499755859375,
-0.1534525603055954,
-0.09759966284036636,
0.20965576171875,
-0.41754150390625,
0.13864676654338837,
0.1639506071805954,
-0.3048807680606842,
-0.20657603442668915,
0.5753173828125,
-0.07446733862161636,
-0.015695571899414062,
0.6598612666130066,
0.033794719725847244,
0.2987060546875,
0.09840822219848633,
0.2298787385225296,
0.2695516049861908,
-0.2746009826660156,
0.051273345947265625,
-0.2880655825138092,
-0.175811767578125,
-0.09271621704101562,
-0.1806589812040329,
-0.7398274540901184,
0.3101895749568939,
-0.0176239013671875,
0.5384928584098816,
-0.037537891417741776,
0.3016045093536377,
0.324798583984375,
-0.1822509765625,
-0.09504890441894531,
0.3475341796875,
-0.157745361328125,
0.026246190071105957,
0.007282575126737356,
0.36077880859375,
0.2599372863769531,
0.10429128259420395,
-0.2079652100801468,
0.5187785029411316,
0.2741037905216217,
-0.009804089553654194,
0.20537059009075165,
-0.1569712907075882,
0.027103424072265625,
-0.12391790002584457,
0.3169148862361908,
-0.4658101499080658,
0.7533366084098816,
-0.2153472900390625,
-0.1577911376953125,
0.4625447690486908,
-0.2954864501953125,
0.3349812924861908,
0.4085591733455658,
0.521270751953125,
0.5499979853630066,
0.4216105043888092,
-0.4080810546875,
0.09363746643066406,
-0.08467332273721695,
-0.19415283203125,
0.22150945663452148,
0.3433329164981842,
0.1782073974609375,
-0.11140569299459457,
0.3212992250919342,
-0.2491556853055954,
-0.00969203282147646,
-0.1260528564453125,
0.17026519775390625,
0.2126871794462204,
0.2516886293888092,
-0.3210856020450592,
-0.1495768278837204,
-0.022874275222420692,
0.20864105224609375,
0.2308400422334671,
0.1373494416475296,
-0.17529423534870148,
0.2361857146024704,
-0.1835530549287796,
0.4660848081111908,
0.36529541015625,
0.46027979254722595,
-0.2335764616727829,
-0.6375630497932434,
-0.8162434697151184,
0.396697998046875,
0.4106038510799408,
-0.09432363510131836,
-0.19339878857135773,
-0.12167612463235855,
-0.13711421191692352,
0.52874755859375,
0.061720531433820724,
0.5717366337776184,
0.8200276494026184,
-0.2335662841796875,
0.226531982421875,
0.1657664030790329,
0.6559651494026184,
0.3271026611328125,
-0.03000386618077755,
0.2843526303768158,
-0.15019480884075165,
-0.2760047912597656,
-0.05724310874938965,
-0.2243194580078125,
-0.23243586719036102,
0.0902811661362648,
0.4284159243106842,
0.022047678008675575,
0.216522216796875,
0.004583040717989206,
0.08107820898294449,
0.09172312170267105,
-0.1837107390165329,
0.5050048828125,
0.3447163999080658,
-0.12429555505514145,
0.3556111752986908,
0.02750650979578495,
0.16008758544921875,
0.3337198793888092,
0.28604570031166077,
0.32261911034584045,
-0.03743171691894531,
0.7317708134651184,
0.3259378969669342,
0.44366455078125,
-0.04829661175608635,
0.30599847435951233,
-0.027538934722542763,
-0.07311757653951645,
0.43402099609375,
0.4800008237361908,
-0.024497350677847862,
-0.4943033754825592,
0.1226145401597023,
0.2259979248046875,
-0.14054615795612335,
0.1612548828125,
0.08508199453353882,
-0.4142049252986908,
0.048783618956804276,
0.0839945450425148,
-0.3657023012638092,
0.001636505126953125,
0.4027862548828125,
0.10641606897115707,
0.25969886779785156,
0.44720458984375,
-0.03825569152832031,
-0.03934669494628906,
-0.2940267026424408,
-0.2798055112361908,
0.08721923828125,
0.077667236328125,
-0.0676320418715477,
0.4450775682926178,
0.3673197329044342,
-0.03969144821166992,
0.3147633969783783,
0.14704005420207977,
0.56280517578125,
-0.1184132918715477,
0.5051676630973816,
-0.09564510732889175,
0.0721222534775734,
-0.10799916833639145,
0.1786143034696579,
0.4304606020450592,
-0.4106241762638092,
-0.3130238950252533,
-0.31480279564857483,
-0.013292948715388775,
-0.1973876953125,
0.17035166919231415,
0.18211109936237335,
0.039424579590559006,
0.09144719690084457,
-0.11279169470071793,
0.490234375,
-0.1474405974149704,
-0.13055801391601562,
0.39106908440589905,
0.4471639096736908,
-0.2807108461856842,
0.3307393491268158,
0.03509775921702385,
-0.16349156200885773,
0.4366861879825592,
-0.4622802734375,
-0.4387919008731842,
-0.5761922001838684,
0.1382649689912796,
0.4536539614200592,
0.4709269106388092,
-0.04018402099609375,
0.1498989760875702,
-0.052183788269758224,
0.12802760303020477,
0.07628186792135239,
0.2533203661441803,
-0.25327810645103455,
0.010544140823185444,
-0.09820493310689926,
0.32025146484375,
-0.3887125551700592,
-0.4128011167049408,
0.25558599829673767,
0.2662455141544342,
-0.4945475161075592,
0.1357930451631546,
0.0421702079474926,
-0.2994181215763092,
-0.3804728090763092,
0.08520761877298355,
-0.3242594301700592,
0.013294856064021587,
0.4225057065486908,
0.022779464721679688,
0.2417704313993454,
0.2979024350643158,
-0.015566508285701275,
-0.17663510143756866,
0.4438273012638092,
0.0819600448012352,
0.21298980712890625,
0.344573974609375,
0.32513427734375,
0.1636325567960739,
-0.527740478515625,
0.360931396484375,
0.34893798828125,
0.019988378509879112,
0.3224334716796875,
0.8123372197151184,
-0.368194580078125,
-0.09609953314065933,
-0.27607664465904236,
-0.12885411083698273,
-0.2642110288143158,
0.0810546875,
0.14895884692668915,
-0.2285715788602829,
0.5211588740348816,
0.26959228515625,
-0.0683492049574852,
-0.0066134133376181126,
0.1262105256319046,
0.2370707243680954,
0.14004898071289062,
-0.3742268979549408,
-0.3520304262638092,
-0.04704093933105469,
-0.11394532769918442,
-0.14599640667438507,
0.3457539975643158,
-0.12777455151081085,
-0.056290626525878906,
0.39936575293540955,
0.22403717041015625,
0.0039037067908793688,
-0.2157236784696579,
-0.3629353940486908,
-0.2805239260196686,
0.5659586787223816,
-0.7560628056526184,
0.09211957454681396,
0.2411041259765625,
-0.05068778991699219,
-0.2405802458524704,
-0.3249053955078125,
0.3395589292049408,
-0.1777292937040329,
0.288330078125,
0.5670649409294128,
-0.4244893491268158,
0.059469860047101974,
0.7342936396598816,
0.1614532470703125,
0.36883544921875,
0.12011218070983887,
0.11473432928323746,
0.19671630859375,
0.14986737072467804,
-0.12170537561178207,
-0.18369071185588837,
-0.4689534604549408,
0.1042633056640625,
0.2434183806180954,
-0.4807891845703125,
0.241363525390625,
-0.3862101137638092,
0.50482177734375,
0.5647990107536316,
0.48627981543540955,
0.43157958984375,
-0.07473453134298325,
-0.52728271484375,
-0.4424642026424408,
0.2541860044002533,
-0.2331085205078125,
0.9488525390625,
0.26892852783203125,
-0.1435801237821579,
-0.15925662219524384,
0.1463979035615921,
0.15896351635456085,
0.4376627504825592,
0.01403045654296875,
-0.14058971405029297,
0.2025502473115921,
0.3073832094669342,
0.2774454653263092,
-0.0634969100356102,
0.05804220959544182,
0.26982879638671875,
-0.2232767790555954,
-0.1794077605009079,
0.6865641474723816,
-0.1879018098115921,
0.5850830078125,
0.04705158993601799,
0.18435128033161163,
-0.2265879362821579,
0.2887674868106842,
0.3565673828125,
0.05571901798248291,
0.2577005922794342,
0.31561279296875,
0.054905641824007034,
-0.3175557553768158,
-0.2014872282743454,
-0.2565714418888092,
0.2113291472196579,
0.2247467041015625,
-0.100982666015625,
0.10652033239603043,
0.2108256071805954,
-0.5654703974723816,
-0.2225341796875,
-0.30190786719322205,
0.4587605893611908,
0.39190673828125,
0.1836497038602829,
0.08591397851705551,
0.4413045346736908,
0.3582356870174408,
0.16675059497356415,
-0.23790931701660156,
-0.024975458160042763,
0.17381031811237335,
0.4219970703125,
0.05060116574168205,
0.192596435546875,
0.2007548063993454,
-0.3615500032901764,
-0.14193089306354523,
-0.11420313268899918,
-0.13391876220703125,
-0.2781270444393158,
0.020575841888785362,
0.36309814453125,
0.2503560483455658,
-0.2623748779296875,
0.07713190466165543,
0.4538370668888092,
0.7626546025276184,
0.6251220703125,
4.167154788970947,
0.23095703125,
0.1597137451171875,
0.12296104431152344,
-0.4815877377986908,
0.283203125,
0.5381266474723816,
-0.2715047299861908,
-0.14893341064453125,
-0.1203215941786766,
0.1919148713350296,
-0.4246012270450592,
-0.2267964631319046,
0.10616341978311539,
0.1261952668428421,
0.1797078400850296,
0.7853190302848816,
0.196380615234375,
0.025000253692269325,
0.6138102412223816,
-0.4808553159236908,
0.14288203418254852,
0.1240030899643898,
0.17088063061237335,
0.27333322167396545,
0.1597137451171875,
0.26207733154296875,
0.32147344946861267,
0.5104573369026184,
-0.1378885954618454,
0.07879376411437988,
-0.18831634521484375,
0.093597412109375,
0.322723388671875,
-0.7768961787223816,
0.09822718054056168,
0.2954508364200592,
0.018889745697379112,
0.027669748291373253,
0.0082181291654706,
-0.012409210205078125,
-0.2688446044921875,
0.3743934631347656,
0.4178873598575592,
-0.06391652673482895,
-0.229217529296875,
-0.2545877993106842,
0.3677571713924408,
-0.08332570642232895,
0.6745707392692566,
0.5488484501838684,
-0.33648681640625,
-0.0587005615234375,
-0.041721343994140625,
0.03823280334472656,
0.3892720639705658,
0.12686316668987274,
0.328399658203125,
-0.11944866180419922,
-0.06529871374368668,
0.2584317624568939,
-0.028685251250863075,
0.28857550024986267,
-0.06052939221262932,
0.045360565185546875,
0.030913352966308594,
0.06618499755859375,
0.3774210512638092,
0.0624847412109375,
0.2599436342716217,
0.5218098759651184,
0.3006388247013092,
0.3610025942325592,
-0.2979634702205658,
0.07150586694478989,
-0.4818522036075592,
0.2725881040096283,
-0.06504732370376587,
0.14497630298137665,
0.4915364682674408,
0.2618624269962311,
-0.06506093591451645,
0.1315714567899704,
0.4545491635799408,
0.011631648056209087,
0.5705769658088684,
-0.14092779159545898,
-0.21742916107177734,
0.473876953125,
-0.001922607421875,
0.06554796546697617,
0.1569264680147171,
-0.334930419921875,
-0.093353271484375,
0.5418904423713684,
0.037281353026628494,
-0.2540537416934967,
-3.9842121601104736,
0.19200897216796875,
0.3253173828125,
0.009206771850585938,
-0.04279947280883789,
0.14141781628131866,
-0.3070169985294342,
0.2120157927274704,
-0.5423787236213684,
0.2432149201631546,
-0.32280221581459045,
0.09487438201904297,
-0.12241363525390625,
0.3542836606502533,
0.361785888671875,
0.3035685122013092,
0.3709208071231842,
0.02351919747889042,
0.7230631709098816,
-0.13530094921588898,
0.026182174682617188,
0.1566670686006546,
0.4844767153263092,
-0.04645538330078125,
0.24228160083293915,
0.2835623323917389,
0.06089051440358162,
-0.2730661928653717,
0.10548528283834457,
-0.18877410888671875,
-0.06858444213867188,
0.2451527863740921,
0.4145304262638092,
-0.2047119140625,
0.2368214875459671,
0.5768025517463684,
0.0825958251953125,
0.3026123046875,
0.5807698369026184,
0.1050008162856102,
0.05443255230784416,
0.250946044921875,
-0.1056569442152977,
0.028835296630859375,
-0.16168975830078125,
0.1328633576631546,
-0.030155817046761513,
0.1404469758272171,
-0.0899658203125,
0.2584381103515625,
0.5582072138786316,
0.3035379946231842,
-0.2686258852481842,
-0.1633148193359375,
0.4997762143611908,
0.022441864013671875,
0.3211415708065033,
0.09348710626363754,
0.2782948911190033,
0.13058726489543915,
0.12386830896139145,
-0.23769314587116241,
0.14872248470783234,
0.3362579345703125,
0.2492930144071579,
-0.4899088442325592,
0.05375826358795166,
0.1773122102022171,
0.2866266667842865,
0.12135569006204605,
0.06678136438131332,
-0.028343835845589638,
0.0628611221909523,
0.04070218279957771,
0.10440476983785629,
-0.306549072265625,
0.3419698178768158,
-0.1704050749540329,
0.2874755859375,
0.009455998428165913,
-0.16764576733112335,
-0.0835317000746727,
-0.2452595978975296,
0.33653512597084045,
2.36376953125,
0.2322794646024704,
2.1338703632354736,
0.015144030563533306,
0.033662158995866776,
0.6740315556526184,
-0.27874755859375,
0.23291015625,
0.2034740447998047,
-0.2736460268497467,
0.48748779296875,
-0.2464752197265625,
-0.11299514770507812,
0.37054190039634705,
-0.3753763735294342,
-0.1452992707490921,
0.384552001953125,
-0.9239909052848816,
0.03625297546386719,
0.00034205117844976485,
0.1102040633559227,
-0.12919028103351593,
-0.181671142578125,
0.4713134765625,
-0.6782633662223816,
-0.10042953491210938,
-0.19976043701171875,
-0.2303721159696579,
0.0757700577378273,
0.06611760705709457,
-0.6779581904411316,
0.13553301990032196,
0.2851969301700592,
0.1836903840303421,
0.1857554167509079,
0.4508056640625,
-0.15830910205841064,
4.658854007720947,
0.1377817839384079,
0.20379638671875,
0.14918963611125946,
-0.0120391845703125,
0.31782594323158264,
0.3739827573299408,
-0.05937767028808594,
-0.10795211791992188,
-0.14740879833698273,
0.319610595703125,
0.2191600799560547,
-0.3253326416015625,
0.20842234790325165,
0.3957112729549408,
0.05353260040283203,
0.09031423181295395,
0.33929443359375,
0.2380472868680954,
-0.04974953457713127,
0.231597900390625,
0.0011043548583984375,
-0.1283550262451172,
0.022730430588126183,
-0.1520843505859375,
0.2983652651309967,
0.31292724609375,
-0.055121105164289474,
-0.0015160242328420281,
-0.07167180627584457,
0.24322509765625,
5.458333492279053,
0.5117594599723816,
-0.08214060217142105,
-0.10354995727539062,
0.248291015625,
0.2091166228055954,
-0.3298136293888092,
0.05006583407521248,
-0.0764567032456398,
-0.1345469206571579,
-0.2780252993106842,
0.12255477905273438,
-0.017786771059036255,
0.7197468876838684,
0.3884378969669342,
0.4158528745174408,
-0.246246337890625,
0.2855021059513092,
0.2531045377254486,
-0.17564518749713898,
0.6691080927848816,
-0.015034993179142475,
0.308013916015625,
-0.5257365107536316,
-0.4110107421875,
0.1800638884305954,
0.00022252400231081992,
0.3872884213924408,
0.15722911059856415,
0.2507343292236328,
0.5183512568473816,
0.1348876953125,
0.2335255891084671,
-0.16267521679401398,
0.10440699011087418,
0.127899169921875,
0.14631779491901398,
-0.0555318184196949,
0.2828470766544342,
-0.12077649682760239,
-0.1220957413315773,
0.1376800537109375,
0.02870686911046505,
0.10556983947753906,
0.20772218704223633,
-0.379180908203125,
0.1874796599149704,
-0.4376424252986908,
-0.12413787841796875,
0.18001556396484375,
-0.06805165857076645,
-0.50823974609375,
0.991943359375,
0.11172231286764145,
0.23052342236042023,
0.3114725649356842,
-0.19701449573040009,
0.024128437042236328,
-0.01689910888671875,
-0.17144329845905304,
0.5325927734375,
0.06971327215433121,
-0.3860880434513092,
0.5722859501838684,
0.3757832944393158,
0.2462870329618454,
0.26130199432373047,
0.0590057373046875,
0.3549703061580658,
-0.3324483335018158,
0.10408782958984375,
0.07652059942483902,
0.01919778250157833,
-0.07413101196289062,
-0.16311518847942352,
0.1965738981962204,
0.2249348908662796,
-0.0001888275146484375,
0.26155343651771545,
0.20169322192668915,
0.10059356689453125,
-0.2988484799861908,
-0.2978006899356842,
-0.0074176788330078125,
0.2721303403377533,
0.11949920654296875,
-0.07614389806985855,
0.1209513321518898,
0.22172801196575165,
0.13453929126262665,
0.2486368864774704,
0.0675046443939209,
-0.5475870966911316,
0.1358184814453125,
0.5713704228401184,
0.166534423828125,
0.5929158329963684,
0.37823486328125,
-0.0840657576918602,
-0.11979484558105469,
0.019529977813363075,
-0.08662036806344986,
0.1848805695772171,
0.06166839599609375,
0.3349609375,
0.03806591033935547,
-0.4348042905330658,
0.11681493371725082,
0.618408203125,
-0.0735551118850708,
0.3695169985294342,
0.1863199919462204,
0.2442525178194046,
0.181610107421875,
-0.179962158203125
] |
93 | Who wrote the Federalist papers? | [
{
"docid": "3219081#4",
"text": "Originalists of all stripes cite \"The Federalist Papers\". It is fairly tenuous to suggest that this represents a good source for the original \"intent\": after all, Alexander Hamilton, who wrote the majority of those essays, was absent for the greater part of the Philadelphia Convention, and John Jay did not attend it at all. However, James Madison, the principal framer of the Constitution also wrote a substantial amount of \"The Federalist Papers\". Also, to suggest Hamilton and Jay's absence from the convention implies their ignorance as to the Constitution's original meaning is demeaning to those two men and inaccurate. The collected anti-Federalist papers, of course, will be no use at all to a person searching for the original \"intent\" of the framers. However, as evidence of how a reasonable person at the time would have understood the words of the Constitution, \"The Federalist Papers\" and the anti-Federalist essays are evidence of direct relevance.",
"title": "Original meaning"
},
{
"docid": "2653922#0",
"text": "Federalist No. 68 is the 68th essay of \"The Federalist Papers\", and was published on March 12, 1788. It is probably written by Alexander Hamilton under the pseudonym \"Publius\", the name under which all of the Federalist Papers were published. Since all of them were written under this pseudonym, who wrote what cannot be verified with certainty. Entitled \"The Mode of Electing the President\", No. 68 describes a perspective on the process of selecting the Chief Executive of the United States. In writing this essay, the author sought to convince the people of New York of the merits of the proposed Constitution. Number 68 is the second in a series of 11 essays discussing the powers and limitations of the Executive branch and the only one to describe the method of selecting the president.",
"title": "Federalist No. 68"
},
{
"docid": "185311#3",
"text": "There is no provision for the role of political parties in the United States Constitution, since the Founding Fathers did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan. In Federalist Papers No. 9 and No. 10, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively, wrote specifically about the dangers of domestic political factions. Thus in the first two presidential elections, the Electoral College handled the nominations and elections in 1789 and 1792 that selected George Washington. The beginnings of the American two-party system then emerged from Washington's immediate circle of advisors. Hamilton and Madison, who wrote the aforementioned Federalist Papers against political factions, ended up being the core leaders in this partisanship: Hamilton became the leader of Federalist Party while Madison co-helmed the Democratic-Republican Party with Thomas Jefferson.",
"title": "United States presidential primary"
},
{
"docid": "2653623#0",
"text": "Federalist No. 55 is an essay by James Madison, the fifty-fifth of The Federalist Papers. It was published on February 13, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist Papers were published. It is titled \"The Total Number of House of Representatives\". It is the first of four papers defending the number of members in the House of Representatives against the critics who believe the number of members to be inadequate. The critics presume that there aren't enough representatives to defend the country against the small group of legislators who are violating the rights of the people. In this paper, Madison examines the size of the United States House of Representatives.",
"title": "Federalist No. 55"
},
{
"docid": "2653857#2",
"text": "The Federalist Papers, written by Alexander Hamilton and his colleagues John Jay and James Madison, were written in the late 1780s to argue in favor of the ratification of the United States Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation, which served as the first form of a Constitution for the newly freed country. The Federalist Papers were directed towards the anti-federalists, those who opposed a stronger general government (especially the New York anti-federalists), both to persuade them and to persuade undecided citizens to ratify the Constitution.The first Federalist Paper was published on October 27, 1787 in the New York Independent Journal. The essays argued that the proposed government would preserve the Union and give power to the federal government to act on the interest of the nation.",
"title": "Federalist No. 66"
},
{
"docid": "150172#5",
"text": "Its logo is a silhouette of former president and constitution author, James Madison, who co-wrote \"The Federalist Papers\". Commissioner Paul S. Atkins of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission considered society members \"the heirs of James Madison's legacy\" in a speech he gave in January 2008 to its lawyers chapter in Dallas, Texas. Madison is generally credited as the father of the constitution and became the fourth president of the United States.",
"title": "Federalist Society"
},
{
"docid": "2653655#0",
"text": "Federalist No. 59 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the fifty-ninth of The Federalist Papers. It was published on February 22, 1788, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist Papers were published. This is the first of three papers discussing the power of Congress over the election of its own members, the other two papers in this series being Federalist No. 60 and Federalist No. 61. The title of the paper is \"Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members\".",
"title": "Federalist No. 59"
},
{
"docid": "46833#0",
"text": "The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym \"Publius\" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. The first 77 of these essays were published serially in the \"Independent Journal\", the \"New York Packet\", and \"The Daily Advertiser\" between October 1787 and April 1788. A two-volume compilation of these 77 essays and eight others was published as The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, as Agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787 by publishing firm J. & A. McLean in March and May 1788. The collection was commonly known as \"The Federalist\" until the name \"The Federalist Papers\" emerged in the 20th century.",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "2651800#4",
"text": "The identity of the author of Federalist paper No. 64 was long disputed. An exact reason as to why the authorship was lost is not known; however, different theories emerged as to why the authorship was not evident. The first and most likely of the theories is that John Jay became ill and No. 64 was not published at the same time as the other \"Federalist Papers\". The second theory is that Jay asked Hamilton and Madison to hide his involvement in the \"Federalist Papers\" because his writing was not strong enough; however, this information came from an unidentified source. This theory is supported by the fact that Madison changed the list of authors that Hamilton wrote up. The author was finally confirmed to be John Jay when his descendant of the same name found the original draft of Federalist No.64, along with multiple \"The Independent Journal\" newspapers. Many of the \"Federalist Papers\" were published in \"The Independent Journal\". The original draft of No. 64 is one of the two only original drafts available of the \"Federalist Papers\". Only four of the \"Federalist Papers\" still exist, and all four are in John Jay's hand.",
"title": "Federalist No. 64"
},
{
"docid": "6125615#9",
"text": "Mosteller and David Wallace studied the historical problem of who wrote each of the disputed Federalist papers, James Madison or Alexander Hamilton. \"The Federalist Papers\" study was conducted in order to demonstrate the power of Bayesian inference and required a great deal of computational power for that time. It was featured in \"Time Magazine\" in the September 21st, 1962 edition.",
"title": "Frederick Mosteller"
},
{
"docid": "2210837#6",
"text": "In the table below, a selection of Anti-Federalist papers have been contrasted with their Federalist counterparts.\nThe Anti-Federalists proved unable to stop the ratification of the US Constitution, which took effect in 1789. Since then, the essays they wrote have largely fallen into obscurity. Unlike, for example, The Federalist No. 10 written by James Madison, none of their works are mainstays in college curricula or court rulings. The influence of their writing, however, can be seen to this day – particularly in the nature and shape of the United States Bill of Rights. Federalists (such as Alexander Hamilton, in Federalist 84) vigorously argued against its passage but were in the end forced to compromise. The broader legacy of the Anti-Federalist cause can be seen in the strong suspicion of centralized government held by many Americans to this day.",
"title": "Anti-Federalist Papers"
},
{
"docid": "46833#10",
"text": "The high demand for the essays led to their publication in a more permanent form. On January 1, 1788, the New York publishing firm J. & A. McLean announced that they would publish the first thirty-six essays as a bound volume; that volume was released on March 22, 1788, and was titled \"The Federalist\" Volume 1. New essays continued to appear in the newspapers; Federalist No. 77 was the last number to appear first in that form, on April 2. A second bound volume containing \"Federalist\" 37–77 and the yet to be published \"Federalist\" 78–85 was released on May 28. The last eight papers (\"Federalist\" 78–85) were republished in the New York newspapers between June 14 and August 16, 1788.",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
}
] | [
0.2631564736366272,
0.0869242325425148,
-0.2582261860370636,
-0.02555539831519127,
-0.1210564523935318,
-0.03144349157810211,
0.3263075053691864,
-0.3062879741191864,
0.2727525532245636,
0.3855251669883728,
-0.0328131765127182,
-0.2710639238357544,
-0.5743815302848816,
0.12359619140625,
-0.4383409321308136,
-0.0913289412856102,
0.7348090410232544,
0.0473734550178051,
0.2435879111289978,
0.1756998747587204,
-0.2745700478553772,
0.3245578408241272,
0.0975223109126091,
0.03089396096765995,
-0.136444091796875,
0.0113597447052598,
-0.2631971538066864,
0.23717615008354187,
0.2220052033662796,
0.3149549663066864,
0.7688259482383728,
-0.2299940288066864,
0.0038579304236918688,
0.096099853515625,
-0.7220051884651184,
0.1286553293466568,
0.1440836638212204,
-0.05709075927734375,
-0.4316677451133728,
0.4212239682674408,
0.3470865786075592,
0.1255967915058136,
0.3875325620174408,
-0.0073430803604424,
0.4158257246017456,
0.0338795967400074,
0.01998477429151535,
-0.4036865234375,
-0.0429517962038517,
-0.08021291345357895,
-0.4505479633808136,
-0.4616156816482544,
0.2405056357383728,
-0.1311442106962204,
-0.4486219584941864,
0.4664984941482544,
0.0144059918820858,
0.5776909589767456,
0.4239095151424408,
-0.1409098356962204,
0.2801649272441864,
-0.081451416015625,
0.1542629599571228,
-0.0054918923415243626,
0.4798448383808136,
0.2797715961933136,
-0.056903839111328125,
0.0599941685795784,
0.1522623747587204,
0.39208984375,
0.06819597631692886,
0.5741102695465088,
0.2612033486366272,
0.2950303852558136,
-0.3958061933517456,
-0.0229661725461483,
-0.11827002465724945,
0.5880534052848816,
0.3084581196308136,
0.4190538227558136,
0.8812934160232544,
-0.5655653476715088,
0.06169043481349945,
0.23175048828125,
0.0321706123650074,
0.6001518964767456,
-0.2975667417049408,
0.03647952526807785,
0.1996716409921646,
0.5376518964767456,
-0.3760850727558136,
0.012485080398619175,
-0.1182047501206398,
-0.11868879199028015,
-0.1143629252910614,
0.2171088308095932,
0.1293402761220932,
0.0537177175283432,
0.01145002618432045,
-0.3632676899433136,
0.08952416479587555,
-0.2454494833946228,
-0.3230726420879364,
0.4950222373008728,
0.02971394918859005,
-0.16644287109375,
-0.14928796887397766,
-0.0998331680893898,
0.3489232659339905,
0.4942220151424408,
0.4356147050857544,
-0.05282338336110115,
-0.12695778906345367,
0.18441517651081085,
0.2481757253408432,
-0.05247582495212555,
0.5756564736366272,
-0.2858479917049408,
-0.2269626259803772,
-0.7516818642616272,
0.4105089008808136,
0.10247802734375,
-0.2114664763212204,
0.13733376562595367,
0.01859452947974205,
-0.0747816264629364,
0.4520128071308136,
-0.02527872659265995,
0.6246744990348816,
-0.00888654962182045,
0.20926496386528015,
0.07197634130716324,
0.2700873613357544,
0.6078016757965088,
0.5401340126991272,
0.4041273295879364,
0.083465576171875,
-0.2067735493183136,
-0.1830766499042511,
-0.0208265520632267,
-0.1189151331782341,
-0.4913872480392456,
0.1507788747549057,
0.4329020082950592,
-0.2522786557674408,
0.1732177734375,
0.05178239569067955,
0.2227240651845932,
0.0636359304189682,
0.2035319060087204,
0.04281891882419586,
0.6131727695465088,
-0.2411871999502182,
0.3515760600566864,
-0.2440863698720932,
0.6941731572151184,
0.1605767160654068,
0.1924031525850296,
0.1095835343003273,
0.1467573344707489,
0.7081977128982544,
0.3703748881816864,
0.004360622726380825,
-0.2146945595741272,
0.3472629189491272,
0.3022732138633728,
0.154083251953125,
0.3463948667049408,
0.4508463442325592,
-0.0366990827023983,
-0.09239239245653152,
0.1383124440908432,
0.4495714008808136,
-0.0812174454331398,
0.0077345105819404125,
0.0448116734623909,
-0.1907552033662796,
0.010740810073912144,
0.1249491348862648,
0.2147013396024704,
0.2687751054763794,
0.1690334677696228,
0.2425944060087204,
0.19451904296875,
0.4732801616191864,
0.06153276190161705,
0.3387722373008728,
-0.0385335274040699,
-0.3117268979549408,
-0.0438673235476017,
-0.1173536479473114,
-0.023712158203125,
0.6660563349723816,
-0.0622287318110466,
0.08339479565620422,
-0.0256991907954216,
-0.2400851845741272,
0.3003133237361908,
-0.1477644145488739,
0.3342827558517456,
0.0059950086288154125,
0.1084730327129364,
-0.1475389301776886,
0.08771387487649918,
0.02451239712536335,
-0.2622477114200592,
-0.3855251669883728,
0.2111952006816864,
-0.2384033203125,
-0.2612881064414978,
-0.09305233508348465,
0.043699052184820175,
0.2012006938457489,
0.4332953691482544,
0.1150783970952034,
0.3493923544883728,
0.010589599609375,
-0.08506817370653152,
0.50360107421875,
0.2307942658662796,
-0.15506744384765625,
0.2606607973575592,
0.00798628106713295,
-0.4362860918045044,
0.1093105748295784,
0.0037275950890034437,
-0.0843946635723114,
-0.1589016318321228,
0.1114976704120636,
0.1124911829829216,
0.456787109375,
0.014353434555232525,
-0.0399508997797966,
-0.1040174663066864,
0.1848110556602478,
0.012309074401855469,
0.62353515625,
-0.1407063752412796,
0.1048007532954216,
-0.1133287250995636,
0.4388020932674408,
0.1576877236366272,
-0.15016788244247437,
-0.1110280379652977,
0.3228217363357544,
-0.3291693925857544,
0.586669921875,
0.14511871337890625,
-0.2143079936504364,
0.030205819755792618,
0.07388729602098465,
-0.2473212331533432,
0.0727199986577034,
0.3551974892616272,
-0.3162027895450592,
0.1192186176776886,
0.07033368945121765,
-0.2132466584444046,
-0.000396728515625,
0.13863246142864227,
0.32409074902534485,
0.1507958322763443,
0.4722222089767456,
0.2454935759305954,
-0.1087561696767807,
-0.0443691685795784,
0.0104234479367733,
0.49658203125,
-0.0048421225510537624,
0.4013943076133728,
0.7421332597732544,
0.040802001953125,
-0.019989013671875,
0.3210991621017456,
-0.5372721552848816,
-0.2076755166053772,
0.4541558027267456,
-0.1503109335899353,
-0.3993598222732544,
-0.0925106480717659,
0.4140082597732544,
-0.0991889089345932,
-0.2846137285232544,
-0.0853271484375,
0.2110188752412796,
0.2482774555683136,
0.0492892786860466,
-0.10465028882026672,
-0.0950334370136261,
-0.3011203408241272,
0.2145724892616272,
0.4969346821308136,
0.0562862828373909,
-0.3826225996017456,
-0.1607564240694046,
0.2782457172870636,
0.0776791051030159,
-0.028358884155750275,
0.0875040665268898,
-0.1367119699716568,
0.4564480185508728,
-0.3945583701133728,
-0.07427003979682922,
0.2160847932100296,
0.4102104902267456,
-0.5910373330116272,
0.1468675434589386,
-0.0381520576775074,
0.056493546813726425,
0.3324381411075592,
0.2481011301279068,
-0.5512424111366272,
-0.2235107421875,
0.2181057333946228,
0.3977321982383728,
0.4611545205116272,
0.2214830219745636,
0.07222005724906921,
0.4211018979549408,
0.0842709019780159,
0.3002522885799408,
-0.1616889089345932,
-0.3035753071308136,
-0.2197943776845932,
0.312744140625,
-0.3085564374923706,
-0.02088419534265995,
-0.3183458149433136,
0.3115437924861908,
0.4164632260799408,
0.3222385048866272,
0.6568467617034912,
0.2438286691904068,
-0.6496310830116272,
-0.02929009310901165,
0.3585340678691864,
0.3616299033164978,
0.4575059711933136,
-0.4072265625,
0.08167775720357895,
-0.1876118928194046,
-0.07210710644721985,
-0.0548875592648983,
0.282958984375,
-0.360107421875,
-0.0408766008913517,
0.2198452353477478,
0.2986518144607544,
0.3261176347732544,
0.03866259381175041,
0.2412244975566864,
0.1276177316904068,
0.0421261265873909,
0.1299523264169693,
-0.21559292078018188,
0.4894815981388092,
0.6779513955116272,
0.3130052387714386,
0.2494439035654068,
-0.2927992045879364,
0.2768012285232544,
0.1940172016620636,
0.2013821005821228,
0.1806233674287796,
0.2547743022441864,
0.4342447817325592,
0.04184092581272125,
-0.1291436105966568,
-0.08907869458198547,
0.1450941264629364,
0.2057579904794693,
0.08382924646139145,
0.02763875387609005,
0.019099341705441475,
-0.4966091513633728,
-0.0811292827129364,
-0.156951904296875,
0.2993706464767456,
0.3733724057674408,
0.2944742739200592,
0.0207502581179142,
0.5135090947151184,
0.05407725274562836,
-0.1180063858628273,
-0.3596462607383728,
-0.2027943879365921,
0.0335693359375,
0.0856153666973114,
0.30859375,
0.2479112446308136,
-0.1907552033662796,
-0.04126681387424469,
-0.08322864025831223,
-0.3541124165058136,
-0.1502375602722168,
-0.0844692662358284,
-0.1349962055683136,
0.19520992040634155,
0.1882798969745636,
-0.2023790180683136,
-0.039204493165016174,
0.3398166298866272,
0.5711262822151184,
0.2630886435508728,
4.113498210906982,
0.2351548969745636,
0.2051967978477478,
-0.1542019248008728,
-0.1925320029258728,
0.2378268837928772,
0.3601888120174408,
-0.1668318659067154,
0.0830824077129364,
0.0184911098331213,
-0.0534786656498909,
0.0286424420773983,
-0.3825005292892456,
0.1159294992685318,
-0.0419701486825943,
0.5650498867034912,
-0.0782911479473114,
0.1380717009305954,
0.023129569366574287,
0.5123426914215088,
-0.4149305522441864,
0.551025390625,
0.3336995542049408,
-0.1276007741689682,
0.4744194746017456,
0.052417755126953125,
-0.2302992045879364,
-0.0145263671875,
0.7868381142616272,
0.1871202290058136,
-0.0097791887819767,
-0.1355183869600296,
-0.22327931225299835,
-0.1500532329082489,
-0.5149468183517456,
-0.0388743095099926,
0.3891465961933136,
0.2285359650850296,
0.1401841938495636,
0.12359873205423355,
-0.3426106870174408,
0.0419158935546875,
0.1097802072763443,
0.4302300214767456,
0.1319105327129364,
-0.2884792685508728,
-0.02398003451526165,
0.5671929121017456,
-0.3236151933670044,
0.3087972104549408,
-0.1277669221162796,
-0.3716091513633728,
0.1923692524433136,
0.12952974438667297,
0.2949761152267456,
0.4730089008808136,
-0.0054482351988554,
0.4216579794883728,
-0.09930504858493805,
0.0669962540268898,
0.01795535534620285,
-0.1447414755821228,
0.1869574636220932,
0.1200764998793602,
-0.2372402548789978,
-0.0935511589050293,
-0.2019110769033432,
0.3317735493183136,
-0.0062552560120821,
0.1241404190659523,
0.70751953125,
0.2837727963924408,
-0.07598622888326645,
0.1018608957529068,
0.03397030383348465,
0.19538837671279907,
0.2269422709941864,
-0.03923458606004715,
0.2686237692832947,
0.04799482598900795,
0.3022325336933136,
-0.1368272602558136,
-0.0227932408452034,
0.1476610004901886,
0.0897776260972023,
0.4549153745174408,
-0.10283152014017105,
-0.2000291645526886,
0.4120551347732544,
0.2815348207950592,
0.07631055265665054,
-0.12187332659959793,
0.1020677387714386,
0.16928185522556305,
0.21697998046875,
0.0953809916973114,
-0.1365559846162796,
-4.06336784362793,
0.3963758647441864,
0.2405802458524704,
0.0005391438608057797,
0.1377241313457489,
-0.0072623360902071,
-0.1487431526184082,
0.3532613217830658,
-0.5413411259651184,
0.1651950478553772,
-0.1521996408700943,
0.3286268413066864,
-0.015498691238462925,
0.7569987177848816,
0.1489088237285614,
0.17369164526462555,
0.1402248740196228,
-0.04592142999172211,
0.3359781801700592,
0.1124098002910614,
-0.1002943217754364,
-0.03702661767601967,
0.2117106169462204,
-0.0806172713637352,
0.1815456748008728,
-0.017685677856206894,
-0.0390811488032341,
-0.1116875559091568,
0.18328891694545746,
0.11071692407131195,
0.0652804896235466,
-0.0101776123046875,
0.6404622197151184,
-0.2146267294883728,
0.1444922536611557,
0.2916124165058136,
0.3846299946308136,
-0.06396982073783875,
0.6370442509651184,
0.5059950351715088,
-0.2210218608379364,
0.0016886392841115594,
0.237548828125,
0.03856378048658371,
0.3499891459941864,
0.3989529013633728,
-0.0022361543960869312,
-0.1343858540058136,
-0.08175476640462875,
0.1613108366727829,
0.3782280683517456,
0.3033582866191864,
-0.3653971254825592,
0.0384114570915699,
0.3352186381816864,
0.008474137634038925,
0.1020914688706398,
0.10236883163452148,
0.4579806923866272,
0.215118408203125,
0.1678941547870636,
-0.0947503000497818,
0.4040934145450592,
0.1281026154756546,
0.3519693911075592,
-0.1908365935087204,
0.447021484375,
0.0956268310546875,
0.3844943642616272,
-0.3245781660079956,
0.1234673410654068,
0.1919080913066864,
0.4130316972732544,
-0.13402430713176727,
0.1312984824180603,
0.5439385175704956,
-0.0172280203551054,
-0.0631314367055893,
0.3901909589767456,
0.20398712158203125,
-0.325927734375,
0.373291015625,
-0.4461263120174408,
0.1099175363779068,
2.3967013359069824,
0.3451334536075592,
2.1741535663604736,
0.2685953676700592,
0.2127549946308136,
0.17035198211669922,
-0.5313042402267456,
0.20473606884479523,
0.030548095703125,
-0.7233615517616272,
0.12977345287799835,
0.0756734237074852,
0.019121594727039337,
-0.2524007260799408,
-0.2452799528837204,
-0.508056640625,
0.3433159589767456,
-0.9121364951133728,
-0.10735829919576645,
-0.4510769248008728,
0.2728271484375,
-0.0013376871356740594,
-0.3903266191482544,
0.5728623867034912,
-0.1379903107881546,
-0.2923583984375,
0.03933291882276535,
0.1834140419960022,
-0.0360632985830307,
-0.2213219553232193,
-0.4099392294883728,
0.1789821982383728,
0.1203816756606102,
0.1748860627412796,
0.1340128630399704,
0.2547878623008728,
0.2820502519607544,
4.68272590637207,
0.1295199990272522,
-0.03501468151807785,
0.2318793386220932,
0.3211669921875,
0.4585774838924408,
0.3145887553691864,
0.1255832314491272,
-0.0917121022939682,
-0.006396823562681675,
0.05519866943359375,
0.1497463583946228,
-0.08607631176710129,
-0.2843221127986908,
0.2167256623506546,
0.0504218190908432,
0.1770748496055603,
0.0805291086435318,
-0.0573713518679142,
0.3588324785232544,
0.3666178286075592,
-0.2817789614200592,
0.0187513567507267,
-0.12434238940477371,
0.0841200053691864,
0.03355852887034416,
-0.4361707866191864,
-0.013898849487304688,
-0.171142578125,
-0.1959771066904068,
0.0641072615981102,
5.467447757720947,
-0.09021420031785965,
-0.022139020264148712,
-0.08751720935106277,
0.3244764506816864,
0.3876681923866272,
-0.18218994140625,
-0.16133710741996765,
-0.0524580217897892,
-0.1540154367685318,
-0.2172614187002182,
0.2632853090763092,
-0.2531907856464386,
-0.07201799005270004,
-0.003750271163880825,
0.0864173024892807,
-0.2153998464345932,
-0.017198774963617325,
-0.3370361328125,
-0.11901845037937164,
0.4803602397441864,
0.2024196982383728,
0.5343695878982544,
-0.1813218891620636,
-0.4065077006816864,
-0.0437723807990551,
0.14361572265625,
0.4005262553691864,
0.08300420641899109,
0.2043117880821228,
0.2602132260799408,
0.5460612177848816,
-0.2787882387638092,
0.2839151918888092,
-0.0667656809091568,
0.0600145123898983,
0.4980197548866272,
0.037745315581560135,
0.0317179374396801,
-0.2154134064912796,
0.2248467355966568,
0.1313120573759079,
0.21771240234375,
-0.0937737375497818,
-0.3530544638633728,
0.1165873184800148,
-0.0824144184589386,
0.1768391877412796,
0.2606607973575592,
0.2783474326133728,
-0.0857628732919693,
0.00977961253374815,
1.2411024570465088,
0.5132920742034912,
0.1363491415977478,
0.3372802734375,
-0.0538380928337574,
-0.19833797216415405,
0.0732099711894989,
0.0409342460334301,
0.4143880307674408,
0.04150390625,
-0.1056705042719841,
0.5760362148284912,
0.2285834401845932,
0.3738064169883728,
0.1640285849571228,
0.04097514599561691,
0.7561848759651184,
-0.042024534195661545,
0.1902906596660614,
0.07353845983743668,
0.08270475268363953,
0.426025390625,
-0.2553982138633728,
0.3852471113204956,
0.2690836489200592,
0.04645877331495285,
0.3502468466758728,
0.1092597097158432,
-0.3098008930683136,
0.030652575194835663,
-0.2634006142616272,
0.01723649725317955,
0.07016754150390625,
-0.0613148994743824,
-0.2229071706533432,
0.1489190012216568,
0.0418667271733284,
0.0343017578125,
0.2835015058517456,
-0.4184299111366272,
-0.429443359375,
0.4621853232383728,
0.1875745952129364,
0.3181694746017456,
0.11542807519435883,
0.4420572817325592,
-0.4103732705116272,
0.1187591552734375,
-0.6728515625,
0.1068878173828125,
0.5910373330116272,
0.02473958395421505,
0.08733219653367996,
-0.1063825786113739,
0.048888735473155975,
0.2433946430683136,
-0.0600687675178051,
0.2935384213924408,
0.2020060271024704,
-0.0857916921377182,
0.1438056081533432,
-0.008952670730650425,
-0.1525641530752182
] |
94 | Where is the Sanjay Gandhi National Park? | [
{
"docid": "827512#0",
"text": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park is an protected area near Mumbai in Maharashtra State in India. It was formerly known as Borivali National Park.\nIt is notable as one of the major national parks existing within a metropolis limit and is one of the most visited parks in the world.",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
},
{
"docid": "827512#28",
"text": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park is said to be one of the most visited national parks in Asia. According to estimates, around 2 million visitors visit this park annually. Collection at the gates in November 2004 touched .",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
},
{
"docid": "827512#14",
"text": "The \"karvi\" shrub, as it is locally called in the Marathi language, sometimes also spelled as \"karvy\" in English, only blooms once in eight years in a mass flowering covering the forest floor in a lavender blush. It grows in abundance in the Western Ghats hills near Mumbai including throughout the Sanjay Gandhi National Park as in other parts of its natural range. In Sanjay Gandhi National Park its latest blooming took place in 2008, and it is scheduled to bloom here again in 2016. Termed by nature enthusiasts as 'nature's miracle' its maximum bloom can be seen on some of the inner paths and trails that lie undisturbed in the park. It survives best on the vast sloping expanses of the hillsides, with the Kanheri caves area of the park being one of the best places to observe large areas of blooms.",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
},
{
"docid": "827512#2",
"text": "The Sanjay Gandhi National Park area has a long written history dating back to the 4th century BCE. In ancient India, Sopara and Kalyan were two ports in the vicinity that traded with ancient civilisations such as Greece and Mesopotamia. The land route between these two ports was partially through this forest.",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
},
{
"docid": "827512#26",
"text": "Sanjay Gandhi national park has played home to many poachers in the recent years. Usually, leopards are attacked. In many cases these animals had been poisoned, and claws or other valuable body parts were cut off and sold. Poaching could soon wipe out Mumbai's leopard population.",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
},
{
"docid": "827512#41",
"text": "Seven Buddhist caves, older than Kanheri Caves have also been discovered very recently. Detailed exploration and documentation is awaited from The Archaeological Survey of India.\nThe park's main entrance is located in Borivali, east of Borivali railway station, which is approximately north of southern tip of Mumbai city, with suburban trains running every 5 minutes. From Borivali station, one can walk or hire an auto rickshaw to reach Sanjay Gandhi National Park. It is well connected with all parts of Mumbai and Maharashtra by road. The Western Express Highway (NH 8) passes by the park entrance. Buses are available on holidays and Sundays from Mumbai to the park. Also, chartered vehicles can be hired for groups to visit the park.",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "827512#6",
"text": "The park was further expanded to a total area of 82.25 square km in 1981. The park was renamed Sanjay Gandhi National Park in 1996, after Sanjay Gandhi, the son of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The same year, some forests from the Thane division were merged into the park, further expanding its total area to 103.84 square km.",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
},
{
"docid": "827512#47",
"text": "Parts of the article referred to from the Times of India article dated 5 July 2004\nKasambe, R. (2012): Butterfly fauna of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and Mumbai. Bionotes. 14 (3): 76–80",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
},
{
"docid": "827512#1",
"text": "The rich flora and fauna of Sanjay Gandhi National Park attracts more than 2 million visitors every year. Tourists also enjoy visiting the 2400-year-old Kanheri caves sculpted out of the rocky cliffs which lie within the park.",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
},
{
"docid": "827512#36",
"text": "Local conservation NGOs such as the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) and World Wide Fund for Nature - India (WWF-India) bring groups of urban residents from Mumbai and elsewhere, sometimes in collaboration with other organisations, for regular guided nature education walks in the nature trails of Sanjay Gandhi National Park and organise special trips when the rare karvi flowers are in full bloom which only happens once every eight years.",
"title": "Sanjay Gandhi National Park"
}
] | [
0.1344650238752365,
0.17970505356788635,
-0.504077136516571,
0.1219940185546875,
0.09650726616382599,
0.19891357421875,
0.21142883598804474,
-0.2891601622104645,
0.011510467156767845,
0.24476318061351776,
0.08061523735523224,
-0.575390636920929,
0.031097030267119408,
0.4243408143520355,
-0.0671791061758995,
-0.00255584716796875,
0.2677978575229645,
-0.139445498585701,
-0.06275787204504013,
0.04385681077837944,
-0.30952757596969604,
0.5569092035293579,
0.1965789794921875,
0.18709106743335724,
-0.004882717039436102,
0.030364990234375,
-0.09575934708118439,
0.24500732123851776,
-0.13945312798023224,
0.4548095762729645,
0.3781982362270355,
-0.08295440673828125,
0.05205383151769638,
0.53106689453125,
-0.252349853515625,
0.2804931700229645,
-0.038369275629520416,
0.2373092621564865,
0.31521910429000854,
0.412109375,
0.2798705995082855,
0.17811278998851776,
-0.011112975887954235,
-0.015300750732421875,
0.7220458984375,
-0.16594848036766052,
0.2740478515625,
0.02700500562787056,
-0.030017852783203125,
-0.33417969942092896,
-0.3998046815395355,
0.24696044623851776,
-0.18332520127296448,
-0.13518676161766052,
-0.6385498046875,
0.250772088766098,
-0.06809914857149124,
0.4146972596645355,
0.12906113266944885,
0.13828888535499573,
0.42951661348342896,
-0.10526428371667862,
0.0009894848335534334,
-0.11557312309741974,
0.19481810927391052,
0.4147705137729645,
0.14844664931297302,
0.14475707709789276,
0.32512664794921875,
0.23773193359375,
-0.14735718071460724,
0.19131851196289062,
0.608569324016571,
-0.010129928588867188,
0.21148070693016052,
-0.12141723930835724,
-0.185516357421875,
0.20095214247703552,
0.36802977323532104,
-0.2269287109375,
0.515185534954071,
-0.17507323622703552,
-0.13597412407398224,
0.12611694633960724,
-0.07741241157054901,
0.4402099549770355,
-0.13027039170265198,
0.3001464903354645,
0.14261779189109802,
0.552539050579071,
-0.11416320502758026,
0.0868077278137207,
0.004945802502334118,
-0.18567046523094177,
0.25390625,
0.678417980670929,
0.009102249518036842,
-0.616015613079071,
-0.08354644477367401,
-0.2887329161167145,
-0.31163328886032104,
-0.28889161348342896,
-0.1922904998064041,
0.46422117948532104,
-0.018012141808867455,
-0.3252929747104645,
-0.4811035096645355,
0.212870791554451,
-0.03458862379193306,
0.46337890625,
0.08689632266759872,
-0.27265626192092896,
0.22200927138328552,
0.040726471692323685,
0.01789550855755806,
0.2362060546875,
-0.171356201171875,
-0.060283660888671875,
-0.3176940977573395,
-1.226660132408142,
0.1497955322265625,
0.29705810546875,
-0.1786453276872635,
0.16878661513328552,
-0.08441162109375,
0.10151062160730362,
0.3983398377895355,
-0.3947509825229645,
0.5730956792831421,
0.3025878965854645,
0.4936889708042145,
0.008609771728515625,
0.09148426353931427,
0.4382080137729645,
0.24751587212085724,
-0.04767761379480362,
0.47148436307907104,
-0.23274536430835724,
0.08811493217945099,
-0.38554686307907104,
-0.18094635009765625,
-0.08943481743335724,
0.746777355670929,
0.4487980008125305,
0.017475318163633347,
0.05957775190472603,
0.213958740234375,
0.32720947265625,
0.24596557021141052,
0.207855224609375,
0.12453613430261612,
0.537158191204071,
-0.023795317858457565,
0.605297863483429,
-0.4295410215854645,
0.2693115174770355,
0.259512335062027,
0.1259307861328125,
0.5614989995956421,
-0.04361877590417862,
0.6599365472793579,
0.3165527284145355,
-0.027183150872588158,
-0.25349730253219604,
0.24934692680835724,
0.02762732468545437,
0.04412651062011719,
0.30888062715530396,
0.4813476502895355,
-0.34077149629592896,
-0.3439697325229645,
-0.13318786025047302,
0.01928100548684597,
-0.37919920682907104,
-0.04103736951947212,
0.11569519340991974,
-0.20888710021972656,
0.03564019128680229,
0.23444823920726776,
-0.26616209745407104,
0.016985416412353516,
0.7090820074081421,
0.26405030488967896,
0.1337936371564865,
0.5406249761581421,
0.11093826591968536,
-0.3855224549770355,
0.08878879249095917,
0.46647948026657104,
-0.03154601901769638,
0.17276611924171448,
-0.1324310302734375,
0.622875988483429,
0.03436851501464844,
0.07738952338695526,
0.24429932236671448,
0.07519721984863281,
0.08928374946117401,
-0.18785706162452698,
0.4602294862270355,
0.027602385729551315,
-0.190673828125,
-0.3642578125,
0.011594009585678577,
0.263427734375,
-0.5787597894668579,
-0.029989242553710938,
0.1054229736328125,
-0.24868163466453552,
-0.01621704176068306,
-0.3419952392578125,
0.07817230373620987,
-0.30836790800094604,
0.3673248291015625,
0.009060668759047985,
0.09346771240234375,
-0.010251807980239391,
-0.1379261016845703,
0.347747802734375,
0.42949217557907104,
-0.16564026474952698,
0.6327148675918579,
0.01624298095703125,
-0.28782957792282104,
0.030869102105498314,
0.3932251036167145,
-0.197509765625,
-0.21053771674633026,
-0.11188049614429474,
0.44902342557907104,
0.522045910358429,
0.18987274169921875,
-0.0025787353515625,
-0.31206053495407104,
0.5521484613418579,
-0.039189912378787994,
0.5548340082168579,
0.218841552734375,
-0.28449708223342896,
0.16571655869483948,
0.184356689453125,
-0.20718078315258026,
-0.11212463676929474,
0.015444183722138405,
0.3260253965854645,
-0.3577117919921875,
0.4911132752895355,
0.0013671874767169356,
-0.09871950000524521,
-0.4098877012729645,
0.20274658501148224,
-0.3175811767578125,
-0.5993407964706421,
-0.08457489311695099,
-0.1968994140625,
0.2795654237270355,
-0.3293701112270355,
-0.709228515625,
-0.30963438749313354,
0.09490051120519638,
0.5029052495956421,
-0.01813049241900444,
0.3760742247104645,
-0.026070404797792435,
-0.209971621632576,
0.30504149198532104,
0.10713331401348114,
0.3557372987270355,
-0.04345703125,
0.17155304551124573,
0.5932861566543579,
-0.3476806581020355,
-0.11946883052587509,
0.49494630098342896,
-0.024947261437773705,
0.13717040419578552,
0.01750640943646431,
-0.045377351343631744,
-0.24881592392921448,
0.09006347507238388,
0.44853514432907104,
-0.09991912543773651,
-0.19525146484375,
-0.16552849113941193,
-0.13102130591869354,
0.22783508896827698,
-0.24353942275047302,
-0.29002684354782104,
-0.2825988829135895,
-0.3050537109375,
0.23980712890625,
0.22968749701976776,
0.15951843559741974,
-0.06772460788488388,
-0.03420104831457138,
0.10175685584545135,
-0.006587791256606579,
0.3221679627895355,
0.35205078125,
0.218719482421875,
0.565673828125,
-0.20041504502296448,
-0.030568504706025124,
0.11680908501148224,
-0.18671265244483948,
-0.3419555723667145,
0.10057678073644638,
-0.572314441204071,
-0.141377255320549,
0.327371209859848,
0.629150390625,
-0.26933592557907104,
0.24124756455421448,
-0.09068603813648224,
0.4736084043979645,
0.47954100370407104,
0.4538940489292145,
0.02962646447122097,
0.42058104276657104,
0.45732420682907104,
0.48457032442092896,
0.056243132799863815,
-0.21121826767921448,
0.11439208686351776,
0.3014160096645355,
-0.54638671875,
-0.11344604194164276,
-0.535351574420929,
0.626269519329071,
0.1216278076171875,
0.3696655333042145,
0.19645079970359802,
-0.2997680604457855,
-0.13036498427391052,
-0.06079864501953125,
0.108642578125,
0.13649940490722656,
0.3979736268520355,
0.08791504055261612,
0.14913177490234375,
0.206654354929924,
0.14279022812843323,
-0.01745748519897461,
0.43115234375,
0.012110901065170765,
0.05065002292394638,
0.2330322265625,
-0.3346191346645355,
0.630908191204071,
0.07457275688648224,
0.5027099847793579,
0.07607116550207138,
-0.22393187880516052,
-0.23447875678539276,
0.11230392754077911,
-0.17891845107078552,
0.13968944549560547,
0.4327636659145355,
0.20404052734375,
-0.3388427793979645,
0.2785278260707855,
0.37629395723342896,
0.42036134004592896,
0.15584106743335724,
0.23082275688648224,
0.21005859971046448,
-0.01481618918478489,
-0.14896240830421448,
-0.026113510131835938,
0.13170775771141052,
0.18091735243797302,
-0.2446952760219574,
0.0340692512691021,
0.24199219048023224,
-0.3333740234375,
-0.28718262910842896,
-0.22818604111671448,
0.22925415635108948,
0.5331054925918579,
0.32636719942092896,
0.3380676209926605,
0.502246081829071,
-0.0841522216796875,
-0.12308959662914276,
0.06537246704101562,
0.040139008313417435,
0.17124633491039276,
-0.1621711701154709,
-0.03346557542681694,
-0.16882094740867615,
0.4651122987270355,
-0.2647232115268707,
-0.11889190971851349,
0.054804038256406784,
-0.2993408143520355,
0.3311767578125,
-0.22551879286766052,
0.2869323790073395,
0.15445861220359802,
-0.17322388291358948,
0.08558034896850586,
0.32429200410842896,
0.4340576231479645,
0.2605957090854645,
4.082421779632568,
0.17233887314796448,
0.14381103217601776,
0.06071014329791069,
-0.04825439304113388,
0.24599608778953552,
0.727246105670929,
-0.11282272636890411,
0.3307861387729645,
-0.23193970322608948,
-0.275390625,
0.3025878965854645,
0.13467255234718323,
0.21392059326171875,
0.15265807509422302,
0.3548339903354645,
0.3004821836948395,
0.4229980409145355,
-0.23878173530101776,
0.29078978300094604,
-0.40617674589157104,
-0.06253471225500107,
0.4944824278354645,
0.033922575414180756,
0.47602540254592896,
0.06475677341222763,
0.762402355670929,
0.07064209133386612,
0.639843761920929,
0.3866210877895355,
0.39350587129592896,
-0.13470764458179474,
0.10998611152172089,
0.11837539821863174,
-0.9571777582168579,
0.2316848784685135,
0.20661620795726776,
0.6593017578125,
-0.3011840879917145,
0.30455321073532104,
-0.5980468988418579,
0.12122192233800888,
0.39454954862594604,
0.2667236328125,
0.09700317680835724,
-0.0512542724609375,
0.2820678651332855,
0.5362548828125,
0.22397461533546448,
0.31434327363967896,
-0.3824218809604645,
-0.02785186842083931,
-0.33088380098342896,
0.02576446533203125,
0.25458985567092896,
0.526928722858429,
-0.09084014594554901,
0.17902831733226776,
0.09620971977710724,
0.022163962945342064,
0.29814451932907104,
-0.12073898315429688,
0.20206299424171448,
0.13655395805835724,
-0.19869384169578552,
0.18461303412914276,
0.2678409516811371,
0.08109340816736221,
-0.2674316465854645,
-0.28437501192092896,
0.6943114995956421,
0.30596923828125,
0.2693618834018707,
-0.28675538301467896,
-0.126220703125,
0.14718016982078552,
-0.3495117127895355,
0.08105583488941193,
-0.10986356437206268,
0.08663330227136612,
0.1331832855939865,
0.007343292236328125,
0.16675415635108948,
0.2998092770576477,
-0.17712707817554474,
0.397705078125,
0.01340332068502903,
-0.19331054389476776,
0.4928222596645355,
-0.007122039794921875,
0.14367981255054474,
0.15037651360034943,
0.09003753960132599,
0.48194581270217896,
0.20872803032398224,
-0.19047240912914276,
-0.29804688692092896,
-4.020703315734863,
0.199676513671875,
0.01116180419921875,
-0.2821899354457855,
0.18499755859375,
0.34016114473342896,
-0.024427223950624466,
0.06745605170726776,
-0.09456787258386612,
-0.09575729072093964,
-0.30982667207717896,
-0.14302977919578552,
-0.177398681640625,
0.09638061374425888,
0.021689439192414284,
-0.136454775929451,
0.5900634527206421,
0.3238281309604645,
-0.17212525010108948,
-0.09316711127758026,
0.19227294623851776,
0.3960815370082855,
0.354248046875,
0.13578566908836365,
0.15322570502758026,
0.3492431640625,
0.5331786870956421,
-0.32795411348342896,
0.03300933912396431,
0.03349294513463974,
0.5078125,
0.3295349180698395,
0.523266613483429,
-0.0071426392532885075,
0.38310545682907104,
0.2786926329135895,
0.10165099799633026,
0.2431594878435135,
0.14092102646827698,
0.7037109136581421,
0.064849853515625,
-0.188507080078125,
0.3236450254917145,
0.23543700575828552,
-0.09953002631664276,
0.15083618462085724,
-0.18169555068016052,
-0.12438354641199112,
-0.24477538466453552,
-0.030125999823212624,
-0.0936664566397667,
0.22690430283546448,
-0.3928283751010895,
-0.33326417207717896,
0.3735595643520355,
0.24974365532398224,
-0.17568054795265198,
-0.016950273886322975,
0.677172839641571,
0.003945732023566961,
0.40723878145217896,
-0.17686310410499573,
-0.0032760619651526213,
0.11772384494543076,
0.15771789848804474,
0.01046142540872097,
0.20667114853858948,
0.4886230528354645,
0.4787353575229645,
-0.45914918184280396,
0.4116577208042145,
-0.015289688482880592,
0.21279296278953552,
0.3012146055698395,
-0.027672195807099342,
0.41021728515625,
-0.10909423977136612,
-0.7020508050918579,
0.49079591035842896,
0.3537353575229645,
-0.31135255098342896,
-0.15908508002758026,
-0.3965820372104645,
0.40227049589157104,
2.1239256858825684,
0.41472166776657104,
2.105664014816284,
0.577832043170929,
-0.17897644639015198,
0.3825927674770355,
0.18458709120750427,
0.0974803939461708,
0.16154174506664276,
0.3410400450229645,
0.12671127915382385,
0.19029541313648224,
-0.28931885957717896,
0.24097900092601776,
-0.12378539890050888,
0.034109972417354584,
0.3453125059604645,
-0.8174804449081421,
0.20449218153953552,
-0.0655517578125,
0.4618896543979645,
0.084864042699337,
0.02133350446820259,
0.3606704771518707,
0.019321823492646217,
0.20798949897289276,
0.017236042767763138,
-0.0922689437866211,
0.20872192084789276,
0.092041015625,
0.019211769104003906,
-0.2452392578125,
-0.15041808784008026,
-0.07496833801269531,
0.01380147971212864,
0.16905517876148224,
0.14089354872703552,
4.680468559265137,
0.19414062798023224,
0.2598510682582855,
0.07119445502758026,
-0.30394285917282104,
-0.08736343681812286,
0.23369140923023224,
-0.3579345643520355,
0.21234741806983948,
0.531005859375,
0.5135253667831421,
-0.16113433241844177,
-0.20768126845359802,
0.0124053955078125,
0.13995361328125,
0.5801757574081421,
0.01767883263528347,
0.20201416313648224,
0.35100096464157104,
0.11009063571691513,
0.03220367431640625,
0.27711182832717896,
0.4548706114292145,
-0.21270751953125,
0.3623046875,
-0.29388427734375,
0.5944579839706421,
0.0996929183602333,
-0.1514560729265213,
0.2608795166015625,
-0.06942234188318253,
5.494140625,
-0.2321319580078125,
0.4771972596645355,
-0.09368553012609482,
-0.23940429091453552,
0.2325897216796875,
-0.3653320372104645,
-0.19227294623851776,
-0.5472656488418579,
-0.07660217583179474,
-0.22476807236671448,
0.35302734375,
-0.1903839111328125,
0.7291015386581421,
-0.04461059719324112,
-0.078435517847538,
-0.18228492140769958,
0.48359376192092896,
0.32026368379592896,
-0.16272278130054474,
0.5906738042831421,
0.2630676329135895,
0.21412353217601776,
-0.6020263433456421,
-0.46307373046875,
0.07169799506664276,
-0.08846702426671982,
0.18630027770996094,
-0.11202192306518555,
0.33349609375,
0.2777343690395355,
0.19532470405101776,
-0.6685546636581421,
0.4015869200229645,
-0.13157959282398224,
0.21095427870750427,
0.0035461424849927425,
0.279449462890625,
-0.05487823486328125,
-0.17226791381835938,
0.14518126845359802,
0.22859497368335724,
-0.3369812071323395,
-0.18788909912109375,
0.38081055879592896,
-0.20820312201976776,
-0.24123534560203552,
0.20626220107078552,
0.24577637016773224,
-0.21677246689796448,
0.658276379108429,
0.04835052415728569,
1.000390648841858,
0.38538819551467896,
-0.17317047715187073,
0.35930174589157104,
-0.12851867079734802,
0.03291168063879013,
-0.16243772208690643,
-0.15330810844898224,
0.648999035358429,
-0.03150367736816406,
0.03853874281048775,
0.2804504334926605,
0.1286468505859375,
0.06697311252355576,
0.04915809631347656,
-0.18983153998851776,
0.5308837890625,
-0.13277587294578552,
0.0006591796991415322,
0.20343628525733948,
0.14731445908546448,
-0.1751708984375,
-0.0033130645751953125,
0.1255950927734375,
0.3299194276332855,
-0.2620483338832855,
-0.18342284858226776,
-0.22515869140625,
0.02926330640912056,
-0.08013916015625,
-0.4560546875,
-0.048508454114198685,
-0.21003417670726776,
0.15392760932445526,
-0.08673324435949326,
0.13302955031394958,
0.29113465547561646,
0.3893798887729645,
0.34357911348342896,
-0.045862577855587006,
-0.3891845643520355,
0.49995118379592896,
-0.10038910061120987,
0.40430909395217896,
0.020841216668486595,
0.35444337129592896,
-0.07492180168628693,
0.12560120224952698,
0.0025608062278479338,
0.20556640625,
-0.015483093447983265,
-0.09941253811120987,
0.3147949278354645,
-0.16280212998390198,
0.4942382872104645,
-0.11150665581226349,
-0.1190338134765625,
-0.01039962749928236,
0.3699584901332855,
0.09021148830652237,
-0.0080718994140625,
0.012234401889145374,
0.09286584705114365
] |
95 | Who has to initiate a plea bargain? | [
{
"docid": "23476#47",
"text": "In China, a plea bargaining pilot scheme has been introduced by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2016. For defendants that faces jail terms of three years or below, agrees to plea guilty voluntarily and agree with prosecutors' crime and sentencing proposals, will be given mitigated punishments.",
"title": "Plea bargain"
},
{
"docid": "23476#41",
"text": "Plea bargain as a formal legal provision was introduced in Pakistan by the National Accountability Ordinance 1999, an anti-corruption law. A special feature of this plea bargain is that the accused applies for it, accepting guilt, and offers to return the proceeds of corruption as determined by investigators/prosecutors. After an endorsement by the Chairman National Accountability Bureau, the request is presented before the court, which decides whether it should be accepted or not. If the request for plea bargain is accepted by the court, the accused stands convicted but neither is sentenced if in trial nor undergoes any sentence previously pronounced by a lower court if in appeal. The accused is disqualified to take part in elections, hold any public office, or obtain a loan from any bank; the accused is also dismissed from service if a government official.",
"title": "Plea bargain"
},
{
"docid": "27178362#1",
"text": "The constitutionality of plea bargaining was established by \"Brady v. United States\" in 1970, although the Supreme Court warned that plea incentives which were sufficiently large or coercive as to over-rule defendants' abilities to act freely, or used in a manner giving rise to a significant number of innocent people pleading guilty, might be prohibited or lead to concerns over constitutionality. \"Santobello v. New York\" added that when plea bargains are broken, legal remedies exist.",
"title": "Plea bargaining in the United States"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "27178362#20",
"text": "However, in 1975 the Attorney-General of Alaska, Avrum Gross, ordered an end to all plea-bargaining; subsequent attorneys-general continued the practice. Similar consequences were observed in New Orleans, Ventura County, California, and in Oakland County, Michigan, where plea bargaining has been terminated. Bidinotto found:",
"title": "Plea bargaining in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "27178362#3",
"text": "Plea bargaining has existed for centuries; in older legal systems convictions were at times routinely procured by confession, and laws existed covering such criminal confessions, although by the 18th century inducements had been forbidden in English Law to prevent miscarriage of justice. Accordingly, early US plea bargain history led to courts' permitting withdrawal of pleas and rejection of plea bargains, although such arrangements continued to happen behind the scenes. A rise in the scale and scope of criminal law led to plea bargaining's gaining new acceptance in the early 20th century, as courts and prosecutors sought to address an overwhelming influx of cases:",
"title": "Plea bargaining in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "27178362#2",
"text": "Several features of the American justice system tend to promote plea bargaining. The adversarial nature of the system puts judges in a passive role, in which they are completely dependent upon the parties to develop the factual record and cannot independently discover information with which to assess the strength of the case against the defendant. The parties thus can control the outcome of the case by exercising their rights or bargaining them away. The lack of compulsory prosecution also gives prosecutors greater discretion. And the inability of crime victims to mount a private prosecution and their limited ability to influence plea agreements also tends to encourage plea bargaining. Prosecutors have been described as monopsonists.",
"title": "Plea bargaining in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "23476#39",
"text": "Plea bargaining was introduced in India by \"The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2005\", which amended the Code of Criminal Procedure and introduced a new chapter XXI(A) in the code, enforceable from July 5, 2006. It allows plea bargaining for cases in which the maximum punishment is imprisonment for 7 years; however, offenses affecting the socio-economic condition of the country and offenses committed against a woman or a child below 14 are excluded.",
"title": "Plea bargain"
},
{
"docid": "23476#51",
"text": "The introduction of a limited form of plea bargaining (\"comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité\" or CRPC, often summarized as \"plaider coupable\") in 2004 was highly controversial in France. In this system, the public prosecutor could propose to suspects of relatively minor crimes a penalty not exceeding one year in prison; the deal, if accepted, had to be accepted by a judge. Opponents, usually lawyers and leftist political parties, argued that plea bargaining would greatly infringe on the rights of defense, the long-standing constitutional right of presumption of innocence, the rights of suspects in police custody, and the right to a fair trial.",
"title": "Plea bargain"
},
{
"docid": "27178362#26",
"text": "Some legal scholars argue that plea bargaining is unconstitutional because it takes away a person's right to a trial by jury. Justice Hugo Black once noted that, in America, the defendant \"has an absolute, unqualified right to compel the State to investigate its own case, find its own witnesses, prove its own facts, and convince the jury through its own resources. Throughout the process, the defendant has a fundamental right to remain silent, in effect challenging the State at every point to 'Prove it!'\" It is argued that plea bargaining is inconsistent with limits imposed on the powers of the police and prosecutors by the Bill of Rights. This position has been rejected by the nation's courts.",
"title": "Plea bargaining in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "23476#43",
"text": "In some common law jurisdictions, such as Singapore and the Australian state of Victoria, plea bargaining is practiced only to the extent that the prosecution and the defense can agree that the defendant will plead guilty to some charges and/or to reduced charges in exchange for the prosecutor withdrawing the remaining and/or more serious charges. In New South Wales, a 10-25% discount on the sentence is customarily given in exchange for an early guilty plea, but this concession is expected to be granted by the judge as a way of recognizing the utilitarian value of an early guilty plea to the justice system - it is never negotiated with a prosecutor. The courts in these jurisdictions have made it plain that they will always decide what the appropriate penalty is to be. No bargaining takes place between the prosecution and the defence over criminal penalties.",
"title": "Plea bargain"
}
] | [
0.4522705078125,
0.08386535942554474,
-0.18999633193016052,
0.24488525092601776,
0.12011566013097763,
-0.02506408654153347,
0.18403014540672302,
-0.30744630098342896,
-0.03989677503705025,
0.3454956114292145,
-0.39162904024124146,
-0.6767333745956421,
-0.19280394911766052,
0.27061766386032104,
-0.08027343451976776,
-0.18629702925682068,
0.526196300983429,
-0.3528076112270355,
0.12109375,
0.5067993402481079,
-0.10129089653491974,
0.02115478552877903,
-0.16434630751609802,
0.34373778104782104,
0.004443621728569269,
-0.01233520545065403,
-0.23115234076976776,
0.088531494140625,
0.11871566623449326,
0.2970947325229645,
0.3634399473667145,
-0.08095254749059677,
-0.0997314453125,
0.0682472214102745,
-0.5198974609375,
0.13392487168312073,
-0.18730469048023224,
0.4201416075229645,
0.208424374461174,
0.07110595703125,
0.05065355449914932,
0.29613035917282104,
0.6131347417831421,
-0.07245483249425888,
0.5060790777206421,
0.207122802734375,
0.23990479111671448,
0.20372314751148224,
-0.08320923149585724,
0.44420164823532104,
-0.426513671875,
-0.3171752989292145,
-0.13297462463378906,
-0.035025596618652344,
-0.8357909917831421,
0.4824462831020355,
-0.23771362006664276,
0.02200012281537056,
0.19305419921875,
-0.014659118838608265,
0.08471985161304474,
-0.16203613579273224,
-0.1797637939453125,
0.06180419772863388,
0.05204162746667862,
0.14569397270679474,
0.027902603149414062,
0.184539794921875,
-0.2421363890171051,
0.38154298067092896,
0.3938232362270355,
0.03605499118566513,
0.10998229682445526,
-0.27752685546875,
-0.1800796538591385,
-0.2901367247104645,
-0.2077655792236328,
0.11714782565832138,
0.1280059814453125,
-0.03736724704504013,
0.1308441162109375,
0.2741760313510895,
-0.5142577886581421,
0.21408692002296448,
-0.01990642584860325,
0.513964831829071,
0.21918030083179474,
-0.10472869873046875,
0.24649658799171448,
0.890185534954071,
-0.24553222954273224,
0.2616333067417145,
0.03712768480181694,
0.095001220703125,
0.3443603515625,
0.1385452300310135,
0.336669921875,
-0.06271819770336151,
-0.13557739555835724,
-0.2070716917514801,
-0.13598938286304474,
-0.10966949164867401,
-0.15701599419116974,
0.5737060308456421,
0.24593505263328552,
-0.3075195252895355,
-0.5051025152206421,
0.222035214304924,
0.19105224311351776,
0.16912993788719177,
0.4183593690395355,
-0.61181640625,
-0.3670654296875,
-0.274749755859375,
0.12635497748851776,
0.09192351996898651,
0.010365295223891735,
-0.3666015565395355,
-0.17999878525733948,
-0.997021496295929,
0.4728759825229645,
-0.15349121391773224,
-0.26025390625,
-0.04257812350988388,
0.16192016005516052,
0.17763519287109375,
0.4800781309604645,
-0.24610595405101776,
0.502685546875,
0.32099610567092896,
0.43609619140625,
0.4123291075229645,
-0.02990112267434597,
0.6370605230331421,
-0.03899078443646431,
0.2818969786167145,
0.17016831040382385,
-0.2489013671875,
-0.09418640285730362,
-0.44172364473342896,
-0.2302291840314865,
0.1902313232421875,
-0.34393310546875,
0.720410168170929,
0.0477788932621479,
0.4223876893520355,
0.03035430982708931,
0.45256346464157104,
0.10898437350988388,
0.4543701112270355,
0.503588855266571,
0.23663941025733948,
0.07726917415857315,
0.44366455078125,
0.040734101086854935,
-0.17539063096046448,
0.39251708984375,
0.2738540768623352,
0.5249267816543579,
-0.10458526760339737,
0.811767578125,
0.49873048067092896,
0.075897216796875,
0.18613891303539276,
0.14051055908203125,
0.12373733520507812,
-0.07202758640050888,
0.4843505918979645,
0.4500488340854645,
-0.1938323974609375,
-0.21483154594898224,
0.16487082839012146,
0.965527355670929,
-0.1551559418439865,
0.740478515625,
0.28260499238967896,
0.04325561597943306,
0.0695701614022255,
0.0035491944290697575,
0.13375243544578552,
0.3729492127895355,
-0.15803833305835724,
0.3084602355957031,
-0.06784401088953018,
0.4085449278354645,
0.12235717475414276,
0.2652343809604645,
-0.12324829399585724,
-0.21718139946460724,
-0.17576293647289276,
-0.30113524198532104,
0.12953796982765198,
0.7378906011581421,
-0.4300293028354645,
0.5316528081893921,
0.24508972465991974,
0.06289062649011612,
0.1633148193359375,
-0.215118408203125,
0.74462890625,
-0.53350830078125,
0.2196834534406662,
-0.39960938692092896,
0.27125245332717896,
-0.0607147216796875,
-0.14125671982765198,
-0.22407226264476776,
0.31627196073532104,
-0.37664794921875,
-0.2884323000907898,
0.18500976264476776,
-0.009729767218232155,
0.5026611089706421,
0.600341796875,
-0.2918457090854645,
0.08025646209716797,
-0.2707511782646179,
0.39555662870407104,
0.44910889863967896,
-0.18532104790210724,
-0.4332031309604645,
0.00957555789500475,
0.08991088718175888,
0.29254150390625,
0.1519927978515625,
-0.38520509004592896,
-0.019421767443418503,
-0.27676162123680115,
0.11596526950597763,
0.33172607421875,
0.30010986328125,
-0.09545211493968964,
0.08897705376148224,
0.21001596748828888,
0.4752441346645355,
0.2674926817417145,
-0.13950271904468536,
0.014295196160674095,
-0.17212828993797302,
-0.1579032838344574,
0.012615585699677467,
0.03156738355755806,
-0.11132736504077911,
-0.11975707858800888,
0.42927247285842896,
0.07716064155101776,
0.32954102754592896,
0.12416591495275497,
-0.1260223388671875,
-0.23798827826976776,
0.15654906630516052,
-0.03698425367474556,
0.22115477919578552,
0.14486999809741974,
0.00486679095774889,
0.36046141386032104,
0.529858410358429,
-0.4295898377895355,
0.2133331298828125,
0.01282348670065403,
0.42961424589157104,
0.34537965059280396,
0.20436401665210724,
0.25662535429000854,
-0.517773449420929,
-0.208709716796875,
0.02753124199807644,
0.33201903104782104,
0.047607421875,
0.03705711290240288,
-0.1720588654279709,
0.0734468474984169,
-0.18736878037452698,
0.03217678144574165,
-0.1871337890625,
0.22496947646141052,
0.28215330839157104,
-0.08618469536304474,
-0.664306640625,
-0.20094451308250427,
0.2954162657260895,
0.01849365234375,
-0.153045654296875,
0.5264892578125,
0.3202880918979645,
0.40240478515625,
-0.637255847454071,
-0.03716888278722763,
-0.32416993379592896,
-0.08779297024011612,
0.20412597060203552,
0.3968749940395355,
-0.3053039610385895,
-0.30263978242874146,
-0.015058135613799095,
0.4056396484375,
-0.103948213160038,
0.13324280083179474,
0.24531249701976776,
0.2844909727573395,
0.5826171636581421,
-0.33258056640625,
-0.24757079780101776,
0.34406739473342896,
0.20711669325828552,
0.1996719390153885,
0.18902206420898438,
0.6529296636581421,
0.14816589653491974,
0.07980956882238388,
0.16042785346508026,
-0.815380871295929,
-0.041541289538145065,
-0.02465362474322319,
0.39384764432907104,
0.48088377714157104,
-0.04037170484662056,
0.1936294138431549,
0.557019054889679,
0.2677856385707855,
-0.21416930854320526,
0.2936767637729645,
-0.4573730528354645,
-0.31525880098342896,
0.3541626036167145,
-0.3603786528110504,
0.09855041652917862,
-0.3752685487270355,
0.6902099847793579,
0.07077179104089737,
0.569042980670929,
0.014353943057358265,
-0.06364097446203232,
-0.17826995253562927,
-0.2614502012729645,
0.4620605409145355,
-0.055582426488399506,
0.22484712302684784,
0.08618440479040146,
-0.20330810546875,
-0.12656250596046448,
-0.10303650051355362,
0.025818634778261185,
0.37298583984375,
0.4565673768520355,
0.28284913301467896,
-0.04282989352941513,
0.5675293207168579,
0.4388671815395355,
-0.040459346026182175,
0.44938963651657104,
0.064702607691288,
0.11902465671300888,
0.01852722093462944,
0.09747314453125,
-0.01229705847799778,
0.34583741426467896,
0.16505737602710724,
0.4588867127895355,
-0.2596679627895355,
-0.16384276747703552,
0.11503257602453232,
0.15233154594898224,
0.20420531928539276,
0.13174477219581604,
0.41633301973342896,
-0.22996826469898224,
0.17515258491039276,
0.2230827361345291,
-0.31524962186813354,
0.17044982314109802,
-0.07046280056238174,
0.09002685546875,
0.11986084282398224,
-0.2748962342739105,
-0.13471145927906036,
-0.10021896660327911,
0.75341796875,
0.2634643614292145,
-0.2731262147426605,
-0.3874755799770355,
0.601855456829071,
0.33745115995407104,
-0.17426757514476776,
-0.73583984375,
-0.269775390625,
0.18508300185203552,
-0.015223455615341663,
0.623828113079071,
-0.13380126655101776,
0.4903564453125,
-0.08593139797449112,
-0.2981323301792145,
-0.47027587890625,
0.35133057832717896,
-0.10321426391601562,
0.06714782863855362,
-0.16023559868335724,
-0.1052120178937912,
-0.08682556450366974,
-0.0025915144942700863,
0.3247436583042145,
0.3014282286167145,
-0.17889556288719177,
4.256249904632568,
0.5009521245956421,
0.1997627317905426,
0.21454544365406036,
-0.020606612786650658,
0.4067626893520355,
0.12362060695886612,
-0.11120796203613281,
-0.009050751104950905,
-0.11883544921875,
-0.115290068089962,
0.1547553986310959,
-0.25129395723342896,
-0.00295429234392941,
-0.08633804321289062,
0.570605456829071,
0.5580810308456421,
0.538891613483429,
0.34808349609375,
0.0982666015625,
-0.614428699016571,
0.276641845703125,
0.35975342988967896,
-0.3025665283203125,
0.606494128704071,
0.03945808485150337,
0.27791136503219604,
0.17612305283546448,
0.0907135009765625,
0.786181628704071,
0.45988768339157104,
0.19378662109375,
0.040773771703243256,
-0.04965820163488388,
-0.335195928812027,
0.555834949016571,
-0.04939613491296768,
-0.28596192598342896,
0.13170471787452698,
-0.1639350950717926,
-0.14945372939109802,
-0.24770507216453552,
0.4159179627895355,
0.5014404058456421,
-0.29755860567092896,
-0.12675628066062927,
0.10000915825366974,
0.2537841796875,
-0.20714111626148224,
-0.2358551025390625,
0.3047226071357727,
-0.21943970024585724,
0.07002105563879013,
0.13759145140647888,
0.36181640625,
0.4844726622104645,
0.36174315214157104,
0.543322741985321,
-0.14409179985523224,
0.16511230170726776,
-0.356689453125,
0.24101562798023224,
0.15954284369945526,
-0.07684936374425888,
-0.36967164278030396,
-0.03488922119140625,
0.08669128268957138,
0.3777221739292145,
0.07737426459789276,
-0.43266600370407104,
0.06175346300005913,
0.1791336089372635,
0.007382201962172985,
-0.238494873046875,
0.18529053032398224,
0.13478393852710724,
-0.26365965604782104,
-0.28521728515625,
-0.14709147810935974,
0.03728332370519638,
0.1425628662109375,
0.20353393256664276,
-0.10284271091222763,
0.04900512844324112,
-0.3164306581020355,
0.496337890625,
-0.1549537628889084,
-0.0014312744606286287,
0.532910168170929,
0.22150878608226776,
0.20413818955421448,
0.28422850370407104,
0.39006346464157104,
0.13258667290210724,
0.39055174589157104,
0.22215041518211365,
0.5494384765625,
-3.925585985183716,
0.3851074278354645,
0.6644042730331421,
-0.4178466796875,
-0.013270569033920765,
0.03570442274212837,
-0.11405334621667862,
0.427001953125,
-0.3565429747104645,
0.23961181938648224,
0.08414611965417862,
-0.12086715549230576,
-0.03657073900103569,
0.684399425983429,
-0.05441398546099663,
0.44146728515625,
0.3052734434604645,
0.09188537299633026,
0.47181397676467896,
-0.022420072928071022,
-0.0328826904296875,
-0.004025268368422985,
-0.03498230129480362,
-0.29120177030563354,
0.279257208108902,
0.543627917766571,
0.03477325290441513,
0.1395137757062912,
0.01795196533203125,
0.16518554091453552,
-0.28078633546829224,
-0.09455566108226776,
0.23127441108226776,
-0.25916749238967896,
-0.246795654296875,
0.25042420625686646,
0.2585510313510895,
-0.3414062559604645,
0.4145874083042145,
0.586181640625,
0.10296325385570526,
0.23115234076976776,
0.24990233778953552,
0.16151733696460724,
0.3298583924770355,
0.07104148715734482,
-0.16072693467140198,
0.22358398139476776,
-0.13081970810890198,
0.12433471530675888,
0.4801269471645355,
0.5389404296875,
-0.3160400390625,
0.2668823301792145,
0.3700195252895355,
-0.540576159954071,
0.171142578125,
0.016625214368104935,
0.3293212950229645,
0.056258391588926315,
0.14318236708641052,
-0.03961639478802681,
0.15850219130516052,
0.39448243379592896,
0.7248779535293579,
0.06107902526855469,
-0.24493560194969177,
0.51513671875,
0.20111694931983948,
-0.03220253065228462,
0.38215333223342896,
-0.04433288425207138,
0.24122314155101776,
-0.40336912870407104,
0.03186645358800888,
0.6436767578125,
-0.41740721464157104,
-0.5299316644668579,
0.6377929449081421,
0.571948230266571,
-0.16903075575828552,
-0.01931457594037056,
-0.5048828125,
0.06983337551355362,
2.708203077316284,
0.15251465141773224,
2.188671827316284,
0.10525818169116974,
0.12934760749340057,
0.751757800579071,
0.33624267578125,
0.26873779296875,
0.10957641899585724,
-0.17276915907859802,
0.17119483649730682,
0.12124328315258026,
-0.1978759765625,
0.1578952819108963,
-0.2711547911167145,
-0.037870027124881744,
0.560375988483429,
-0.866162121295929,
-0.11234702914953232,
-0.6053222417831421,
0.5479736328125,
0.0778297409415245,
0.09462280571460724,
0.1338798552751541,
-0.05498218536376953,
0.06226348876953125,
-0.30845946073532104,
0.3181396424770355,
0.03318176418542862,
-0.11484374850988388,
-0.4969848692417145,
0.07077483832836151,
0.2750610411167145,
-0.13633422553539276,
-0.4863525331020355,
-0.16990356147289276,
0.12178649753332138,
4.676562309265137,
-0.572460949420929,
0.10731200873851776,
0.11456604301929474,
0.5330810546875,
-0.03065338172018528,
0.42265623807907104,
0.00949707068502903,
-0.01226196251809597,
0.30811768770217896,
0.04775390774011612,
0.32459717988967896,
0.12040366977453232,
-0.458251953125,
0.4808349609375,
-0.26300048828125,
-0.10539436340332031,
0.01103973388671875,
0.12264041602611542,
0.212799072265625,
0.39307862520217896,
0.237762451171875,
0.2931762635707855,
-0.00403251638635993,
0.11535491794347763,
0.042195893824100494,
0.2544311583042145,
-0.12347717583179474,
-0.030721282586455345,
-0.014202117919921875,
0.177287295460701,
5.375,
-0.21075744926929474,
-0.17000731825828552,
0.25452882051467896,
-0.30743408203125,
0.5259765386581421,
-0.19598388671875,
-0.28251951932907104,
-0.2881835997104645,
-0.11192016303539276,
-0.07049255073070526,
-0.07570705562829971,
-0.29735106229782104,
0.22333984076976776,
0.28245848417282104,
0.3226562440395355,
-0.24776001274585724,
0.16214342415332794,
0.4272216856479645,
0.19802245497703552,
0.4784179627895355,
0.14391784369945526,
0.220184326171875,
-0.28242796659469604,
-0.2997184693813324,
-0.04697418212890625,
0.13322143256664276,
0.453857421875,
-0.12825623154640198,
0.0595393180847168,
0.36176759004592896,
0.35240477323532104,
-0.45958250761032104,
0.32072752714157104,
0.13203735649585724,
0.23553466796875,
0.5274902582168579,
0.23601683974266052,
0.21438217163085938,
-0.49628907442092896,
0.20887450873851776,
0.31700438261032104,
0.14008483290672302,
0.11031647026538849,
-0.11442260444164276,
-0.06992340087890625,
-0.2520751953125,
-0.023214340209960938,
-0.11648712307214737,
0.40876466035842896,
0.17988891899585724,
-0.28466796875,
1.106298804283142,
0.25669556856155396,
0.4273437559604645,
0.5753173828125,
-0.02223815955221653,
0.03403167799115181,
-0.21367187798023224,
0.019165610894560814,
0.06387023627758026,
0.143138125538826,
0.1820606291294098,
0.33817926049232483,
0.07663421332836151,
0.0029592514038085938,
0.26636046171188354,
0.0754241943359375,
0.307913213968277,
-0.15846557915210724,
-0.6712402105331421,
-0.03399810940027237,
0.14664916694164276,
0.07023926079273224,
-0.13074645400047302,
-0.08767242729663849,
0.4898925721645355,
-0.2524169981479645,
0.2577030062675476,
-0.05844726413488388,
0.02844696119427681,
-0.1306934356689453,
0.07164478302001953,
-0.02413024939596653,
0.005760765168815851,
0.14835968613624573,
0.08438720554113388,
0.06013030931353569,
0.37286376953125,
0.18648377060890198,
0.06439514458179474,
-0.3313354551792145,
-0.13170090317726135,
0.31385499238967896,
0.15684127807617188,
-0.1005149856209755,
0.2883194088935852,
-0.06765289604663849,
0.06668319553136826,
-0.2882080078125,
-0.4588867127895355,
0.24405518174171448,
0.4586425721645355,
0.06799087673425674,
0.0746280699968338,
-0.0552363395690918,
0.2008056640625,
-0.2923339903354645,
-0.17328491806983948,
0.23734740912914276,
0.545336902141571,
0.4278930723667145,
0.05091438442468643,
0.20410767197608948,
-0.12842941284179688
] |
96 | When was Texas Instruments founded? | [
{
"docid": "2475132#4",
"text": "In 1951, McDermott, along with Cecil Howard Green, Patrick E. Haggerty, and J. Erik Jonsson co-founded Texas Instruments. This was done when the company changed its name to Texas Instruments; GSI becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the new company. This acknowledged that the company had changed its focus from one primarily devoted to oil exploration to one focused on manufacturing. McDermott was the Chairman of TI from 1951-1957, Chairman of the Executive Committee of Board of Directors from 1957-1964 and Director until his death in 1973. During this period of time, Texas Instruments rose to be one of the world's largest corporations.",
"title": "Eugene McDermott"
},
{
"docid": "47768#3",
"text": "Texas Instruments was founded by Cecil H. Green, J. Erik Jonsson, Eugene McDermott, and Patrick E. Haggerty in 1951. McDermott was one of the original founders of Geophysical Service Inc. (GSI) in 1930. McDermott, Green, and Jonsson were GSI employees who purchased the company in 1941. In November, 1945, Patrick Haggerty was hired as general manager of the Laboratory and Manufacturing (L&M) division, which focused on electronic equipment. By 1951, the L&M division, with its defense contracts, was growing faster than GSI's Geophysical division. The company was reorganized and initially renamed General Instruments Inc. Because there already existed a firm named General Instrument, the company was renamed Texas Instruments that same year. From 1956 to 1961, Fred Agnich of Dallas, later a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives, was the Texas Instruments president. Geophysical Service, Inc. became a subsidiary of Texas Instruments. Early in 1988 most of GSI was sold to the Halliburton Company.",
"title": "Texas Instruments"
},
{
"docid": "47768#4",
"text": "In 1930, J. Clarence Karcher and Eugene McDermott founded Geophysical Service, an early provider of seismic exploration services to the petroleum industry. In 1939, the company reorganized as Coronado Corp., an oil company with Geophysical Service Inc (GSI), now as a subsidiary. On December 6, 1941, McDermott along with three other GSI employees, J. Erik Jonsson, Cecil H. Green, and H.B. Peacock purchased GSI. During World War II, GSI expanded their services to include electronics for the U.S. Army, Signal Corps, and the U.S. Navy. In 1951, the company changed its name to Texas Instruments, with GSI becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the new company.",
"title": "Texas Instruments"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "47768#15",
"text": "Texas Instruments invented the hand-held calculator (a prototype called \"Cal Tech\") in 1967 and the single-chip microcomputer in 1971, was assigned the first patent on a single-chip microprocessor (invented by Gary Boone) on September 4, 1973. This was disputed by Gilbert Hyatt, formerly of the Micro Computer Company, in August 1990 when he was awarded a patent superseding TI's. This was over-turned on June 19, 1996 in favor of TI (note: Intel is usually given credit with Texas Instruments for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor).",
"title": "Texas Instruments"
},
{
"docid": "554240#2",
"text": "In the early 1970s, James Truchard, Jeff Kodosky, and Bill Nowlin, were working at the University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories. As part of a project conducting research for the U.S. Navy, the men were using early computer technology to collect and analyze data. Frustrated with the inefficient data collection methods they were using, the three decided to create a product that would enable their task to be done more easily. In 1976, working in the garage at Truchard's home, the three founded a new company. They attempted to incorporate under several names, including Longhorn Instruments and Texas Digital, but all were rejected. Finally, they settled on the current name of National Instruments.",
"title": "National Instruments"
},
{
"docid": "2731886#1",
"text": "MTL Instruments was founded as a private company in 1971. In 2005 the company acquired GeCma Components GmbH, which manufactures computer terminals for use in hazardous areas. In 2007 MTL acquired three companies: ELPRO Technologies, which specialises in industrial wireless equipment and radio telemetry; RTK Instruments, which manufactures alarm equipment for process control systems; and Ocean Technical Systems, which provides remote instrumentation for offshore drilling vessels, tankers and pipelines. In 2008, MTL Instruments was purchased by Cooper Industries of Houston, Texas, under that company's Crouse-Hinds division.",
"title": "MTL Instruments Group"
},
{
"docid": "47611836#1",
"text": "Atec was founded in 1953 as Accurate Instrument Co. and was officially incorporated in the state of Texas on July 13, 1956. Accurate Instrument Co. primarily manufactured instrumentation for the aviation industry. Some notable products included a standard day instrument (used to provide automated correlations to standard sea level atmospheric conditions), signal generators, frequency counters, oscillators, and pressure test sets.",
"title": "Atec, Inc."
},
{
"docid": "11787974#1",
"text": "Starting in the 1980s, Karnataka emerged as the information technology capital of the country. A total of 1973 companies in Karnataka are involved in Information Technology related business including big firms like Infosys and Wipro who have their headquarters in Bangalore. The origin of the growth of the software industry in Karnataka seems to have been the entry of Texas Instruments which was the first multinational to set up base in Sona Tower, Millers Road, Bangalore in 1985.Texas Instruments \nwas searching for a location to set up their overseas development centre in India in the early 1980s. They first looked at the states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu but when both states refused permission, Karnataka was approached with a condition that land allotted must be near an airport. The then chief minister of Karnataka Gundu Rao agreed to their terms and granted land near the HAL Airport in Bangalore. Texas Instruments currently has a big facility in Bagmane Tech Park in Bangalore near the airport.",
"title": "Software industry in Karnataka"
},
{
"docid": "37259051#39",
"text": "In 1959–1961 years, when Texas Instruments and Westinghouse worked in parallel on aviation \"molecular electronics\", their competition had a friendly character. The situation changed in 1962 when Texas Instruments started to zealously pursue the real and imaginary infringers of their patents and received the nicknames \"The Dallas legal firm\" and \"semiconductor cowboys\". This example was followed by some other companies. Nevertheless, the IC industry continued to develop no matter the patent disputes.During the patent wars of the 1960s the press and professional community in the United States recognized that the number of the IC inventors could be rather large. The book \"Golden Age of Entrepreneurship\" named four people: Kilby, Lehovec, Noyce and Hoerni. Sorab Ghandhi in \"Theory and Practice of Microelectronics\" (1968) wrote that the patents of Lehovec and Hoerni were the high point of semiconductor technology of the 1950s and opened the way for the mass production of ICs.",
"title": "Invention of the integrated circuit"
},
{
"docid": "47768#22",
"text": "During the early 1980s, Texas Instruments instituted a quality program which included Juran training, as well as promoting statistical process control, Taguchi methods and Design for Six Sigma. In the late '80s, the company, along with Eastman Kodak and Allied Signal, began involvement with Motorola institutionalizing Motorola's Six Sigma methodology. Motorola, who originally developed the Six Sigma methodology, began this work in 1982. In 1992, the DSEG division of Texas Instruments' quality improvement efforts were rewarded by winning the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award for manufacturing.TI developed the AAA-4 infra-red search and track (IRST) in the late 50's and early 60's for the F-4B Phantom for passive scanning of jet engine emissions but possessed limited capabilities and was eliminated on F-4D's and later models.",
"title": "Texas Instruments"
}
] | [
0.2925262451171875,
0.08547210693359375,
-0.2934722900390625,
-0.019269466400146484,
-0.26523590087890625,
0.03978729248046875,
0.4921875,
-0.28277587890625,
0.18886566162109375,
0.24114990234375,
-0.20848417282104492,
-0.03507232666015625,
-0.466766357421875,
-0.19268035888671875,
-0.42767333984375,
-0.10515975952148438,
0.6309814453125,
-0.30126953125,
-0.105926513671875,
0.22595977783203125,
0.2283172607421875,
0.342864990234375,
-0.07285690307617188,
0.060131072998046875,
-0.026133060455322266,
0.10225677490234375,
-0.621826171875,
0.4493408203125,
0.138427734375,
0.480499267578125,
0.38653564453125,
-0.2276458740234375,
0.04794967174530029,
0.23575592041015625,
-0.5214691162109375,
0.17493057250976562,
0.0018329620361328125,
-0.05934906005859375,
0.0029604434967041016,
0.460205078125,
-0.2021484375,
0.17899322509765625,
0.31339263916015625,
0.20265579223632812,
0.3707275390625,
-0.04169464111328125,
0.12069320678710938,
-0.08793807029724121,
-0.29205322265625,
0.083740234375,
-0.1855010986328125,
-0.07416868209838867,
0.16353321075439453,
0.17906951904296875,
-0.6151123046875,
0.74090576171875,
0.1413288116455078,
0.06682157516479492,
0.2718353271484375,
0.175537109375,
0.24066162109375,
0.07373809814453125,
-0.083221435546875,
-0.08086872100830078,
0.494293212890625,
0.29229736328125,
0.09413528442382812,
0.3357391357421875,
0.30782270431518555,
0.226776123046875,
-0.1397705078125,
0.36346435546875,
0.320281982421875,
-0.16611099243164062,
-0.3196563720703125,
-0.0933074951171875,
-0.30499267578125,
0.29010009765625,
0.52557373046875,
-0.15331649780273438,
0.2553138732910156,
-0.3486480712890625,
0.16527557373046875,
0.37036895751953125,
-0.17152881622314453,
0.4146728515625,
-0.223602294921875,
0.08056831359863281,
0.20084381103515625,
0.47021484375,
-0.27367401123046875,
0.22780990600585938,
0.18938446044921875,
-0.08477401733398438,
0.455291748046875,
0.22940826416015625,
0.07037925720214844,
-0.22104644775390625,
0.38446044921875,
-0.26776123046875,
0.030465126037597656,
-0.1317901611328125,
-0.2032318115234375,
0.3154754638671875,
0.1068115234375,
-0.375152587890625,
-0.2852973937988281,
0.029430389404296875,
0.3365478515625,
0.71795654296875,
-0.10514354705810547,
-0.07073783874511719,
0.17411422729492188,
-0.28790283203125,
0.58245849609375,
0.2560882568359375,
0.031711578369140625,
-0.2222747802734375,
-0.43480682373046875,
-0.645843505859375,
0.30841064453125,
0.343658447265625,
-0.1814117431640625,
-0.15732192993164062,
-0.38909912109375,
-0.50140380859375,
0.379913330078125,
-0.20916748046875,
0.5831298828125,
0.73419189453125,
-0.19379043579101562,
-0.01117563247680664,
0.624298095703125,
0.62310791015625,
0.20220184326171875,
-0.0032911300659179688,
0.399139404296875,
-0.0530242919921875,
-0.20276641845703125,
-0.27639007568359375,
-0.3577580451965332,
0.0698394775390625,
-0.188385009765625,
0.678741455078125,
-0.2544403076171875,
0.09136962890625,
0.1825714111328125,
0.42108154296875,
0.3058929443359375,
0.19195556640625,
0.53790283203125,
0.3483123779296875,
0.10437393188476562,
0.03318643569946289,
-0.10163211822509766,
0.36279296875,
0.5308837890625,
0.14890289306640625,
0.12993621826171875,
0.04953765869140625,
0.711456298828125,
0.330322265625,
0.21413040161132812,
-0.11499786376953125,
0.2558290958404541,
-0.04246711730957031,
0.0016260147094726562,
0.2960662841796875,
0.561920166015625,
-0.14887046813964844,
-0.393829345703125,
0.1515979766845703,
0.23589515686035156,
-0.2250823974609375,
0.1881427764892578,
0.19976806640625,
-0.2202606201171875,
-0.11632919311523438,
0.12714385986328125,
0.20284080505371094,
0.09132933616638184,
0.1694774627685547,
0.07453155517578125,
0.5076904296875,
0.3284912109375,
0.11581134796142578,
0.06605052947998047,
-0.14960074424743652,
-0.2751312255859375,
0.3008079528808594,
-0.14072036743164062,
0.062164306640625,
0.615875244140625,
-0.25366973876953125,
-0.09880828857421875,
-0.10628890991210938,
-0.0634337067604065,
0.11835670471191406,
0.131591796875,
0.3308868408203125,
0.14053916931152344,
0.02205371856689453,
-0.2872772216796875,
0.284698486328125,
0.22539426386356354,
-0.59033203125,
-0.3196258544921875,
0.47576904296875,
-0.0874795913696289,
-0.399627685546875,
-0.2760467529296875,
0.1137847900390625,
0.74163818359375,
0.397796630859375,
-0.19756317138671875,
0.0641183853149414,
0.11068516969680786,
0.052761077880859375,
0.30690479278564453,
0.01882004737854004,
-0.57391357421875,
0.67901611328125,
-0.18988800048828125,
0.11276054382324219,
0.17221832275390625,
-0.2706756591796875,
0.13547992706298828,
-0.64251708984375,
0.2932586669921875,
0.1971282958984375,
0.16037654876708984,
0.29570770263671875,
-0.06780242919921875,
-0.4151763916015625,
0.1219949722290039,
0.1316375732421875,
0.411590576171875,
0.18674850463867188,
0.015954017639160156,
-0.40179443359375,
0.3225860595703125,
-0.1466236114501953,
-0.2392425537109375,
-0.10109758377075195,
0.2999420166015625,
-0.38812255859375,
0.4635009765625,
0.2758140563964844,
-0.25787353515625,
-0.1387939453125,
-0.0934295654296875,
-0.46160888671875,
0.469207763671875,
0.3175506591796875,
-0.43212890625,
0.1152496337890625,
0.374298095703125,
0.06690192222595215,
-0.27124786376953125,
0.2424468994140625,
0.19589996337890625,
-0.01969623565673828,
0.21665191650390625,
0.4383087158203125,
0.101470947265625,
-0.010906219482421875,
0.22409439086914062,
0.47381591796875,
-0.057018280029296875,
0.427947998046875,
0.67291259765625,
-0.2560272216796875,
-0.019174575805664062,
0.2785797119140625,
-0.23955535888671875,
-0.08287811279296875,
0.0005702972412109375,
0.2139129638671875,
-0.445343017578125,
0.020740509033203125,
0.1619415283203125,
0.016437530517578125,
-0.475860595703125,
0.230316162109375,
0.374664306640625,
0.1870269775390625,
0.030330419540405273,
-0.2555999755859375,
-0.06015157699584961,
-0.015101522207260132,
0.282012939453125,
0.3761138916015625,
0.1549072265625,
-0.3390655517578125,
-0.10779953002929688,
-0.2146148681640625,
-0.04052400588989258,
-0.026122093200683594,
-0.17235183715820312,
-0.15679168701171875,
0.584228515625,
-0.71917724609375,
-0.0581817626953125,
0.4600830078125,
-0.1133270263671875,
-0.2401885986328125,
-0.643829345703125,
0.27447509765625,
-0.24684906005859375,
0.530670166015625,
0.02446281909942627,
-0.501617431640625,
-0.19095611572265625,
0.203643798828125,
0.6676025390625,
0.96435546875,
-0.12726211547851562,
0.037975311279296875,
0.18998686969280243,
0.08040118217468262,
-0.008701324462890625,
-0.2821807861328125,
-0.516815185546875,
0.2015228271484375,
0.1856689453125,
-0.453582763671875,
0.06834220886230469,
-0.490753173828125,
0.338653564453125,
0.406951904296875,
0.3604583740234375,
0.2295379638671875,
-0.0036153793334960938,
0.098236083984375,
-0.23138427734375,
0.21894073486328125,
0.27013397216796875,
0.18093109130859375,
0.3526458740234375,
0.71051025390625,
0.07752043008804321,
0.1656951904296875,
-0.272674560546875,
0.1880340576171875,
-0.15871429443359375,
0.02800750732421875,
0.12253570556640625,
0.448333740234375,
0.0062046051025390625,
0.07431268692016602,
0.12652015686035156,
0.14470291137695312,
-0.29803466796875,
-0.08668327331542969,
0.008729934692382812,
0.2364654541015625,
-0.17040252685546875,
0.1980743408203125,
0.61151123046875,
-0.21067047119140625,
0.30584716796875,
0.3011627197265625,
0.52679443359375,
0.052367210388183594,
0.52655029296875,
0.4571533203125,
0.007114410400390625,
-0.1501007080078125,
-0.201751708984375,
0.1557624340057373,
0.5225830078125,
-0.04903268814086914,
0.05998992919921875,
0.019774436950683594,
-0.498504638671875,
0.0936737060546875,
-0.2421875,
0.468414306640625,
0.567138671875,
0.06637382507324219,
0.11316928267478943,
0.395294189453125,
0.16051101684570312,
0.015497356653213501,
-0.2809867858886719,
-0.2596588134765625,
-0.412750244140625,
0.17987060546875,
0.1351757049560547,
0.1625347137451172,
-0.12810134887695312,
0.013013839721679688,
0.07126808166503906,
0.23592376708984375,
-0.4066162109375,
-0.010046005249023438,
-0.019292831420898438,
0.02687835693359375,
0.07381820678710938,
0.04914426803588867,
-0.29448699951171875,
0.2854156494140625,
0.46246337890625,
0.505828857421875,
4.19970703125,
0.31927490234375,
0.318603515625,
0.13555908203125,
-0.06216621398925781,
0.12858963012695312,
0.1883544921875,
-0.17234039306640625,
-0.04988670349121094,
-0.14276885986328125,
-0.2706756591796875,
-0.2887420654296875,
-0.2586822509765625,
0.1312274932861328,
0.2185821533203125,
0.15293598175048828,
0.2462310791015625,
0.3809814453125,
-0.013446807861328125,
0.2152099609375,
-0.12572479248046875,
0.451568603515625,
-0.05719068646430969,
0.09221649169921875,
0.56201171875,
-0.10583305358886719,
0.47198486328125,
0.1163330078125,
0.3197021484375,
-0.049266815185546875,
0.55224609375,
-0.1543121337890625,
0.11382675170898438,
0.1550750732421875,
-0.7310791015625,
0.540924072265625,
0.1332569122314453,
0.7083740234375,
0.03556060791015625,
0.11579132080078125,
-0.03008274734020233,
-0.15013885498046875,
0.18149566650390625,
0.504730224609375,
-0.21250152587890625,
-0.372833251953125,
-0.011552810668945312,
0.66796875,
-0.556640625,
-0.26116943359375,
0.370361328125,
-0.086517333984375,
-0.17950057983398438,
-0.12406539916992188,
-0.0283660888671875,
0.486083984375,
0.1940460205078125,
0.52056884765625,
-0.09721636772155762,
-0.1233367919921875,
0.648895263671875,
-0.05303823947906494,
-0.02162647247314453,
-0.423187255859375,
-0.2876434326171875,
0.2244720458984375,
0.10529899597167969,
0.3699226379394531,
-0.10214996337890625,
0.17620086669921875,
0.697418212890625,
0.298248291015625,
0.272064208984375,
-0.2626495361328125,
0.18152618408203125,
0.047682762145996094,
-0.366790771484375,
-0.23131370544433594,
-0.023392677307128906,
0.17327880859375,
-0.02956390380859375,
-0.12853240966796875,
0.1955718994140625,
0.07763290405273438,
0.19275665283203125,
0.53839111328125,
0.2623748779296875,
-0.052288055419921875,
0.6229248046875,
0.2819671630859375,
0.428466796875,
-0.179443359375,
0.009514808654785156,
0.4524688720703125,
0.35395050048828125,
0.27764892578125,
-0.030932903289794922,
-3.923583984375,
-0.052298545837402344,
0.050449371337890625,
0.09193038940429688,
-0.03187084197998047,
0.08063149452209473,
-0.2049560546875,
0.465576171875,
-0.2884979248046875,
0.053218841552734375,
0.03935575485229492,
0.21640777587890625,
-0.25067138671875,
0.06907272338867188,
-0.13566827774047852,
0.17253494262695312,
0.33099365234375,
-0.13882827758789062,
0.31365966796875,
-0.025356292724609375,
0.20299530029296875,
0.0941619873046875,
0.2698516845703125,
-0.2779998779296875,
-0.282989501953125,
0.2989044189453125,
0.2643318176269531,
0.17584991455078125,
0.18183135986328125,
-0.12380599975585938,
0.032276153564453125,
-0.06779229640960693,
0.2772064208984375,
-0.375,
0.2594146728515625,
0.2293701171875,
0.465362548828125,
-0.041172027587890625,
0.63397216796875,
0.411712646484375,
0.012485504150390625,
0.17545318603515625,
0.13498306274414062,
0.398223876953125,
0.18223190307617188,
0.3002510070800781,
-0.402496337890625,
0.52899169921875,
0.037554264068603516,
-0.12234115600585938,
0.19773483276367188,
0.17657089233398438,
-0.43951416015625,
0.048267364501953125,
0.353729248046875,
-0.018253326416015625,
0.030672311782836914,
-0.03830528259277344,
-0.022047042846679688,
0.3436126708984375,
0.226226806640625,
-0.2246551513671875,
0.231842041015625,
0.030059635639190674,
0.0274810791015625,
-0.40240478515625,
0.12257957458496094,
0.7120361328125,
0.39825439453125,
-0.4980926513671875,
0.09967803955078125,
0.2393951416015625,
0.12093353271484375,
0.07440376281738281,
0.2837066650390625,
-0.04498779773712158,
-0.12133729457855225,
0.16345977783203125,
0.64013671875,
0.15452098846435547,
-0.030269622802734375,
0.058177947998046875,
-0.335235595703125,
0.3041877746582031,
2.316650390625,
0.19719696044921875,
2.124755859375,
0.543670654296875,
0.0717926025390625,
0.326812744140625,
-0.13176345825195312,
-0.298126220703125,
0.11685562133789062,
0.0376129150390625,
0.03367042541503906,
0.25209808349609375,
0.11879730224609375,
-0.054225146770477295,
-0.31817626953125,
-0.05164623260498047,
0.2135467529296875,
-1.22564697265625,
0.10343647003173828,
-0.468505859375,
0.467529296875,
0.133087158203125,
0.2212982177734375,
0.703765869140625,
0.2970733642578125,
-0.356201171875,
-0.1973419189453125,
-0.11050605773925781,
-0.1755523681640625,
0.04628944396972656,
-0.19435882568359375,
0.010987341403961182,
0.43121337890625,
0.12850189208984375,
0.12279891967773438,
0.2929840087890625,
-0.08897241950035095,
4.68310546875,
0.14283370971679688,
0.06855392456054688,
0.039076805114746094,
0.3014678955078125,
0.08235740661621094,
0.5380859375,
-0.10330963134765625,
0.2476959228515625,
0.464996337890625,
-0.07763385772705078,
0.2378082275390625,
-0.14902496337890625,
0.03251385688781738,
0.2713775634765625,
-0.19989013671875,
0.014882087707519531,
0.3137664794921875,
0.2769317626953125,
0.292999267578125,
0.0061283111572265625,
0.2718505859375,
0.419769287109375,
-0.191680908203125,
-0.2024984359741211,
0.48736572265625,
-0.25357818603515625,
-0.3404083251953125,
-0.02130889892578125,
0.21072006225585938,
0.2558097839355469,
5.5263671875,
0.003971099853515625,
-0.16839981079101562,
-0.14862537384033203,
0.04710197448730469,
0.018994450569152832,
-0.2727813720703125,
0.013765335083007812,
0.05306816101074219,
-0.0958251953125,
-0.10854625701904297,
0.3295135498046875,
-0.013022422790527344,
0.408294677734375,
0.4365234375,
0.81524658203125,
-0.2023162841796875,
-0.11132431030273438,
-0.0179595947265625,
-0.0927286148071289,
0.413818359375,
0.36565399169921875,
0.20178985595703125,
-0.5565032958984375,
-0.4457588195800781,
-0.18251514434814453,
-0.439971923828125,
0.25493621826171875,
0.1549072265625,
0.03600597381591797,
0.457977294921875,
0.07030105590820312,
0.06710433959960938,
0.2202911376953125,
0.09392881393432617,
0.16957855224609375,
0.344635009765625,
-0.20655250549316406,
-0.026563644409179688,
0.14516639709472656,
-0.02087879180908203,
0.422027587890625,
0.20307540893554688,
0.25643157958984375,
0.18853759765625,
0.2267608642578125,
0.030015945434570312,
-0.104888916015625,
0.2834014892578125,
0.16302490234375,
0.1737060546875,
-0.12320709228515625,
0.90313720703125,
0.2041015625,
0.09260177612304688,
0.034604668617248535,
-0.28594970703125,
-0.14501190185546875,
0.15369796752929688,
0.17078399658203125,
0.18529510498046875,
0.0841522216796875,
-0.164947509765625,
0.19155120849609375,
0.474151611328125,
0.16564559936523438,
0.3780975341796875,
-0.11466598510742188,
0.7647705078125,
-0.1572551727294922,
-0.0829610824584961,
0.1326160430908203,
0.044808387756347656,
0.274871826171875,
-0.10186004638671875,
0.15536880493164062,
-0.027817189693450928,
0.041771888732910156,
-0.05512237548828125,
-0.1488800048828125,
-0.038852155208587646,
-0.2471923828125,
-0.2312469482421875,
-0.14345932006835938,
-0.026705503463745117,
-0.24237823486328125,
-0.12700700759887695,
0.428741455078125,
0.250885009765625,
-0.202728271484375,
0.1923980712890625,
-0.327606201171875,
-0.323028564453125,
0.53582763671875,
0.0433807373046875,
0.1686248779296875,
0.3630561828613281,
0.19370269775390625,
-0.14640235900878906,
0.10405349731445312,
0.008310317993164062,
0.13289642333984375,
0.034360915422439575,
0.06455039978027344,
0.14078521728515625,
-0.11188888549804688,
-0.052295684814453125,
0.075897216796875,
0.28424072265625,
0.1982269287109375,
0.4779052734375,
0.34272003173828125,
0.03388023376464844,
0.0069217681884765625,
-0.127471923828125
] |
97 | Where was Louise-Marie-Madeleine Guillaume de Fontaine born? | [
{
"docid": "41616772#2",
"text": "Louise de Fontaine was born in Paris, in the parish of Saint-Roch, on 28 October 1706. Her baptism act was as follows:",
"title": "Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "41616772#0",
"text": "Louise-Marie-Madeleine Guillaume de Fontaine (after marriage known as Madame Dupin; 28 October 1706 – 20 November 1799) was a French \"saloniste\".",
"title": "Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine"
},
{
"docid": "41616772#3",
"text": "Actually, Louise was the oldest of three illegitimate daughters of banker Samuel Bernard and Marie-Anne-Armande Carton Dancourt, nicknamed \"Manon\", a daughter of actor Florent Carton Dancourt. Marie Dancourt was already married since 4 November 1702 at Paris in the parish of Saint-Sulpice with Jean-Louis-Guillaume de Fontaine, commissioner and controller of the Navy and War departments in Flanders and Picardy.",
"title": "Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine"
},
{
"docid": "41616772#8",
"text": "Samuel Bernard decides to engage his daughter Louise to Claude Dupin, a modest collector of \"Taille\" at Châteauroux. According to the columnist Barthélémy Mouffle d'Angerville in 1721 Claude Dupin helped the eldest daughter of the family, Jeanne-Marie-Thérèse de Fontaine, when she passed through Berry. She married with François II de Barbançois, Seigneur de Celon on 21 August 1720 and, returning from the baths of Bourbon-l'Archambault and in considerable pain, she received the hospitality of Claude Dupin. Once his guest was recovered, Dupin was persuaded to accompanied her to Paris, where he met Samuel Bernard, who impressed by his kindness, offered him the hand of Louise, aged only sixteen. In his forties, a widower and father of a six-year-old son Louis-Claude (who became in the grandfather of the novelist George Sand), this move was unexpected and he readily agreed, because with this proposal came the appointment of Receiver General of finances in Metz and Alsace.",
"title": "Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine"
},
{
"docid": "41616772#4",
"text": "Manon's husband recognized Louise as his own with complacency, as well the two other children born from the affair with Bernard: Marie-Louise (born 25 August 1710) and Françoise-Thérèse (born 12 March 1712), both also baptized in the parish of Saint-Roch. During her marriage, Manon gave birth two other children, this time sired by her husband: Jeanne-Marie-Thérèse (born in 1705) and Jules-Armand (born on 3 April 1709), both also baptized in Saint-Roch.",
"title": "Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine"
},
{
"docid": "14028458#1",
"text": "Marie-Madeleine Chauvigny (also known as: de la Peltrie) was born in 1603 at Alençon, France, the daughter of Guillaume de Chauvigny, Sieur d’Alençon et de Vaubougon, and of Lady Jeanne Du Bouchet. With no male heir, Guillaume de Chauvigny tried to arrange aristocratic matches for his daughters. Marie-Madeleine, the youngest, despite inclination for the cloistered life, at the age of sixteen, found herself obliged to marry the Chevalier de Gruel, Seigneur de La Peltrie. From this marriage, which lasted only five years, there was born one daughter who died in infancy. Widowed at the age of 22, Mme de La Peltrie went into solitary retirement in order to avoid her father’s solicitous attempts to find her a second husband.",
"title": "Marie-Madeleine de Chauvigny de la Peltrie"
},
{
"docid": "41616772#21",
"text": "On 12 March 1794 Louise's step-grandson-in-law and nephew Pierre-Armand Vallet de Villeneuve, committed suicide in prison in the Conciergerie aged 62. He was the King's secretary, General Treasurer of the City of Paris and the Receiver General of Finances in Metz. Sentenced by the Revolutionary Tribunal, he escape to a brutal end in the guillotine. Louise managed to save his sons René and Auguste, spared because their young ages. On 25 November 1793 Marie-Aurore de Saxe, second wife of her late stepson Louis-Claude, was incarcelated firstly at Port-Royal Abbey and later in the English convent of Fossés-Saint-Victor street. She could be released some months later, on 21 August 1794. In 1796, one of the farmers of Madame Dupin in the Château de Rochefort in the Indre department was tortured by burning his feet; the criminals, nicknamed the \"Chauffeurs\", are a plague in the region.",
"title": "Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine"
},
{
"docid": "41616772#18",
"text": "On 9 October 1749 at the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, Jacques-Armand Dupin married with Louise-Alexandrine-Julie de Rochechouart-Pontville. But for Louise and her husband, their son was a source of many troubles, especially when he ran up debts of very large sums of money from gambling. His father had to sell many of his assets in 1750 to honor the debt of his son. The troubles with Jacques-Armand, however, continued. Claude Dupin was forced to obtain against him a \"Lettre de cachet\", who imprisoned Jacques-Armand in the fortress of Pierre Encise under the pretext of madness. After this, the family decided to send him to the Île Maurice (26 October 1765), where he remained for the next two years until his death on 3 May 1767, a victim of yellow fever. Before embarking on the \"Count of Artois\", a merchant ship of the French East India Company, Jacques-Armand reportedly revealed to his mother the existence of an illegitimate daughter of his, called Marie-Thérèse Adam, whose origins, however, remained mysterious. Nevertless, Madame Dupin took care of the child and raised as her own, later becoming in her reader and heiress. Louise considers Marie-Thérèse as her own daughter and educated after her own image, transmitting her high culture and elegance of her manners. Marie-Thérèse Adam was entirely dedicated to Madame Dupin and remained at her side until the last moment.",
"title": "Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine"
},
{
"docid": "41616772#20",
"text": "On 10 August 1792, the people seized the Tuileries Palace. Three years ago the French Revolution began, but this historic day marks the end of the monarchy with the arrest of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. France is at war since 20 April, and Paris is threatened by Prussian armies after the Brunswick Manifesto on 25 July, would deliver the capital to \"a military execution and total subversion\". In this climate of tension and violence, massacres are perpetrated in Parisian prisons in early September. It's in this context that Madame Dupin decides to leave Paris for Chenonceau. She could emigrate like so many others, the day after the Storming of the Bastille in 1789, on the advice of her friends; but she chose to stay in France and prefer to retire in Touraine when the first Reign of Terror swept the country. On 11 September 1792, Madame Dupin settled permanently in Chenonceau, accompanied by her friend, the Countess of Forcalquier, her step-granddaughter Madeleine-Suzanne Dupin de Francueil, her step-greatgranchildren René-François and Auguste-Louis Vallet de Villeneuve (sons of Madeleine-Suzanne) and her housekeeper and reader, Marie-Thérèse Adam. Over the years, Madame Dupin managed to preserve Chenonceau.",
"title": "Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine"
},
{
"docid": "41616772#15",
"text": "Through her mother, Louise Dupin comes from a family of artists, all went to the Comédie-Française. The sense of theater was somehow innate in her. She created a small theater at the southern end of the gallery on the first floor of Chenonceau and gave himself to her passion. She also practiced philanthropy. A staunch feminist, Louise claimed for women education and access to public jobs and careers until then reserved exclusively to men.",
"title": "Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine"
}
] | [
0.09324046224355698,
0.1647796630859375,
-0.43988037109375,
0.06474031507968903,
0.024568285793066025,
0.1395547091960907,
0.5179356336593628,
-0.2265101820230484,
0.02173510566353798,
0.4614432156085968,
-0.43286556005477905,
-0.0432041697204113,
-0.2494419664144516,
-0.14491653442382812,
-0.1106785386800766,
-0.0209230687469244,
0.6642020344734192,
0.2629612386226654,
-0.062058720737695694,
-0.0908639058470726,
0.03793471306562424,
0.5972551703453064,
0.0201993677765131,
0.03788866475224495,
0.03513145446777344,
0.0643174797296524,
-0.10632705688476562,
0.5071498155593872,
-0.18161556124687195,
0.12048108130693436,
0.3829084038734436,
-0.1434740275144577,
0.11593818664550781,
0.1727948933839798,
-0.29191043972969055,
0.2349809855222702,
0.3562883734703064,
-0.8051060438156128,
-0.11044584214687347,
0.5690743327140808,
-0.2773606479167938,
-0.0499136783182621,
0.19684600830078125,
0.1392691433429718,
0.3660365641117096,
0.3538731038570404,
0.3274797797203064,
0.04352951794862747,
-0.4010707437992096,
-0.02376665361225605,
-0.1975686252117157,
0.049763381481170654,
-0.11372675001621246,
0.2002476304769516,
-0.2234933078289032,
0.4077497124671936,
-0.08360617607831955,
0.3479897677898407,
0.22357940673828125,
-0.28096118569374084,
0.11348942667245865,
-0.2500261664390564,
0.2487923800945282,
-0.2251652330160141,
-0.6106829047203064,
0.1950857937335968,
0.011278425343334675,
-0.04520222172141075,
0.5876290202140808,
0.4112374484539032,
-0.0947396382689476,
0.17448316514492035,
0.3581804633140564,
-0.06580489128828049,
-0.08477865159511566,
-0.5776192545890808,
0.0408695749938488,
-0.0381883904337883,
-0.10142625868320465,
-0.1064365953207016,
0.3388235867023468,
-0.5128871202468872,
0.03483472391963005,
0.2465558797121048,
-0.4163469672203064,
0.5332205891609192,
0.1740613728761673,
0.4419904351234436,
0.2459978312253952,
0.3632376492023468,
0.1299089640378952,
0.2250715047121048,
-0.06650488823652267,
-0.06088066101074219,
0.063568115234375,
0.2277461439371109,
0.0417022705078125,
-0.5804007649421692,
-0.11272348463535309,
-0.4219861626625061,
-0.1503513902425766,
-0.2401341050863266,
-0.1639949232339859,
0.536773681640625,
0.5203857421875,
-0.3840157687664032,
0.07738576829433441,
0.09844112396240234,
-0.2799639105796814,
0.2812717854976654,
0.3754534125328064,
-0.12443433701992035,
-0.3028913140296936,
-0.04142790287733078,
0.2454463392496109,
0.0738058090209961,
0.1295972615480423,
-0.5909772515296936,
-0.67041015625,
-0.8521903157234192,
0.4144810140132904,
0.3028302788734436,
-0.1831904798746109,
0.4657200276851654,
0.16395679116249084,
-0.3565281331539154,
0.667236328125,
-0.1852591335773468,
0.6317836046218872,
-0.0193775724619627,
0.540771484375,
0.03552355244755745,
0.4452013373374939,
0.9383370280265808,
0.29422760009765625,
0.4365670382976532,
0.2914297878742218,
-0.08277784287929535,
-0.058066777884960175,
-0.08579880744218826,
-0.4087786078453064,
0.2441929429769516,
0.4079241156578064,
0.32635825872421265,
0.090545654296875,
0.0595790334045887,
0.3026559054851532,
0.1343296617269516,
-0.0306854248046875,
-0.0595201775431633,
0.08184487372636795,
0.6173793077468872,
-0.1971195787191391,
0.4706856906414032,
0.07804816216230392,
0.20390865206718445,
0.3234013020992279,
0.07498060166835785,
-0.4756905734539032,
0.3308214545249939,
0.7967005968093872,
0.4306466281414032,
0.3942173421382904,
-0.2660958468914032,
0.7014508843421936,
0.0012686593690887094,
-0.0341949462890625,
0.3297642171382904,
0.5422188639640808,
0.02999332919716835,
-0.2920706570148468,
0.1430489718914032,
-0.036329951137304306,
-0.30871254205703735,
-0.1785130798816681,
0.3444126546382904,
0.11890629678964615,
-0.06421007215976715,
0.08472006767988205,
-0.31396484375,
0.013064520433545113,
0.17913110554218292,
-0.009601593017578125,
0.2616969645023346,
0.3586774468421936,
0.4192068874835968,
0.42409461736679077,
-0.427886962890625,
-0.2476130872964859,
-0.16391536593437195,
-0.3055071234703064,
-0.1095232293009758,
0.7506452202796936,
-0.10840824991464615,
0.2603868842124939,
-0.15204593539237976,
-0.3279506266117096,
0.46240234375,
-0.4620448648929596,
0.2736380398273468,
-0.517130434513092,
0.24439947307109833,
-0.06966236978769302,
0.3457379937171936,
0.4398542046546936,
-0.9126673936843872,
-0.10258058458566666,
0.2841627895832062,
-0.1518445760011673,
-0.6191754937171936,
-0.1833278089761734,
0.1821201890707016,
-0.05179595947265625,
0.2922319769859314,
-0.08802195638418198,
-0.08709825575351715,
-0.09575707465410233,
-0.4369768500328064,
0.42144775390625,
0.20621708035469055,
-0.3687221109867096,
0.4220842719078064,
0.0201089046895504,
-0.2361123263835907,
-0.235107421875,
-0.2744707465171814,
-0.3321010172367096,
0.2018672376871109,
0.01659478060901165,
0.005592278204858303,
0.3849399983882904,
-0.08371901512145996,
0.5201416015625,
0.07547732442617416,
0.024187223985791206,
-0.018058640882372856,
0.63671875,
-0.08588927239179611,
-0.1438358873128891,
0.1825779527425766,
0.5338832139968872,
0.5052855610847473,
-0.5940116047859192,
-0.0940769761800766,
0.2676565945148468,
-0.03276143595576286,
0.06050219014286995,
0.3050406277179718,
-0.1763872355222702,
0.0515245720744133,
0.2243303507566452,
-0.4988315999507904,
0.10995360463857651,
0.6173793077468872,
-0.3078787624835968,
0.1504494845867157,
0.3280465304851532,
-0.23200225830078125,
-0.16843904554843903,
0.1655447781085968,
0.4057442843914032,
0.6821942925453186,
0.4515555202960968,
0.2257821261882782,
-0.6514543890953064,
-0.1341225802898407,
0.28826904296875,
0.3948102593421936,
0.031181881204247475,
0.3456333577632904,
0.5404401421546936,
-0.19451332092285156,
0.08427919447422028,
0.1207798570394516,
-0.055464062839746475,
-0.0971662625670433,
0.04875946044921875,
0.1768580824136734,
-0.2898934781551361,
0.02368709072470665,
0.5545654296875,
-0.0274026058614254,
-0.3601597249507904,
0.2766592800617218,
0.5602504014968872,
-0.5441719889640808,
-0.030485425144433975,
0.06349890679121017,
-0.16585159301757812,
0.3996407687664032,
-0.09408896416425705,
0.3951590359210968,
0.1662510484457016,
-0.06776659935712814,
0.0420423224568367,
0.12773458659648895,
0.1099853515625,
0.0405970998108387,
0.21607725322246552,
-0.03856056183576584,
0.11846923828125,
-0.8163713812828064,
0.1391732394695282,
0.16886751353740692,
0.15755026042461395,
-0.2410801500082016,
-0.5705043077468872,
-0.27683502435684204,
0.10266004502773285,
-0.004704066552221775,
0.12172644585371017,
-0.4115774929523468,
0.07986994832754135,
0.2848249077796936,
0.0569588802754879,
0.4066271185874939,
0.14948000013828278,
0.10133157670497894,
0.2491544932126999,
0.3762643039226532,
0.3703264594078064,
-0.2758963406085968,
-0.3420235812664032,
-0.09466552734375,
0.1736406534910202,
-0.7236502766609192,
0.2525569498538971,
-0.1622663289308548,
0.5771222710609436,
-0.1648995578289032,
0.827392578125,
-0.3197021484375,
0.1499612033367157,
-0.0353807732462883,
0.1138196662068367,
0.06270163506269455,
0.1042742058634758,
0.5728258490562439,
0.2389875203371048,
-0.1655622273683548,
0.2541089653968811,
0.10567804425954819,
0.04141555353999138,
0.2058323472738266,
0.1306719034910202,
0.03301429748535156,
0.21532903611660004,
0.57470703125,
0.2245875746011734,
0.1383623331785202,
0.1156463623046875,
-0.14836393296718597,
-0.316650390625,
-0.0958927720785141,
0.028421947732567787,
0.6361956000328064,
0.33349609375,
0.2878853976726532,
0.09996141493320465,
-0.15766525268554688,
0.24113138020038605,
0.1329018771648407,
0.3826206624507904,
0.04748862236738205,
0.3231637179851532,
0.014078957960009575,
-0.009709494188427925,
0.0958382710814476,
0.09585516899824142,
0.10064370185136795,
0.14025770127773285,
0.23412977159023285,
-0.13957759737968445,
0.20207153260707855,
-0.5512346625328064,
0.013017927296459675,
0.161529541015625,
0.7222028374671936,
0.476318359375,
0.18909208476543427,
0.3855154812335968,
0.6132637858390808,
0.4940359890460968,
-0.08182508498430252,
0.11957931518554688,
-0.2367771714925766,
0.2064950168132782,
0.3569074273109436,
0.2474626749753952,
0.0414777472615242,
0.2933218777179718,
-0.3463374674320221,
-0.3187473714351654,
-0.150390625,
-0.4722464382648468,
-0.3139997124671936,
0.21880558133125305,
0.5537109375,
0.08026450127363205,
-0.041671209037303925,
-0.04308319091796875,
0.21966852247714996,
0.5644007921218872,
0.419921875,
4.172293663024902,
-0.1763262003660202,
0.4840785562992096,
0.009937831200659275,
0.06318064779043198,
-0.07435008138418198,
0.4478062093257904,
-0.233642578125,
-0.3488246500492096,
-0.016337530687451363,
0.2334136962890625,
0.07322365790605545,
-0.06745801866054535,
0.1397792249917984,
-0.13611166179180145,
0.1410914808511734,
0.5277796983718872,
0.2856793999671936,
-0.1702968031167984,
0.3229021430015564,
-0.12700216472148895,
0.6554827094078064,
0.031551361083984375,
-0.00390625,
0.0807843878865242,
0.049421172589063644,
0.25543212890625,
-0.15775516629219055,
0.5181884765625,
0.2096492201089859,
0.4341866672039032,
0.2605939507484436,
0.2498910129070282,
0.3612060546875,
-1.005615234375,
0.5573905110359192,
0.2508893609046936,
0.27997833490371704,
0.027228014543652534,
0.11123330146074295,
-0.2664969265460968,
-0.1018807515501976,
0.31106680631637573,
0.1934007853269577,
0.3086983859539032,
-0.3682948648929596,
-0.11135155707597733,
0.4527587890625,
0.3648594319820404,
0.051059722900390625,
0.511962890625,
-0.4337506890296936,
-0.1124180406332016,
-0.2495771199464798,
0.2058170884847641,
0.3455984890460968,
0.3650076687335968,
0.2058149129152298,
0.0793892964720726,
-0.18671199679374695,
0.11178697645664215,
-0.21704347431659698,
0.3179844319820404,
-0.11860888451337814,
-0.024873461574316025,
0.0841108039021492,
-0.04368482157588005,
0.4714224636554718,
0.15551649034023285,
0.16864994168281555,
-0.025343213230371475,
0.4770856499671936,
0.2128775417804718,
0.15348979830741882,
0.2700631320476532,
0.1430097371339798,
-0.3585728108882904,
-0.0885293111205101,
0.0759429931640625,
-0.1502249538898468,
0.14596965909004211,
-0.4927629828453064,
0.1216583251953125,
0.42828369140625,
0.0252347681671381,
0.5393938422203064,
0.06626783311367035,
-0.14510944485664368,
0.5789446234703064,
-0.2342616468667984,
0.1599077433347702,
-0.1112736314535141,
0.1998465359210968,
0.3792201578617096,
0.03617559000849724,
0.09016145765781403,
-0.2271467000246048,
-3.917271137237549,
0.5277099609375,
0.6086600422859192,
-0.4309954047203064,
0.3085850179195404,
0.08717809617519379,
-0.060394287109375,
0.2606419026851654,
-0.5238734483718872,
0.032748084515333176,
-0.19060461223125458,
-0.01041412353515625,
-0.1796744167804718,
0.2223358154296875,
0.09163884073495865,
0.1587873250246048,
0.2403738796710968,
-0.009820325300097466,
0.029603412374854088,
-0.2317984402179718,
-0.5893293023109436,
-0.2288426011800766,
0.5361502766609192,
-0.3465401828289032,
-0.006689888890832663,
-0.1833452433347702,
0.0850328728556633,
-0.15212085843086243,
0.1552756130695343,
0.0773530825972557,
-0.2343161404132843,
0.4014979898929596,
0.5046038031578064,
-0.2714582085609436,
0.2781110405921936,
0.36816105246543884,
0.09107644110918045,
0.4119001030921936,
0.4670061469078064,
0.14487893879413605,
-0.2654201090335846,
-0.2473842054605484,
0.16580308973789215,
0.1138065904378891,
-0.023908069357275963,
0.4098445475101471,
-0.2365025132894516,
-0.1650674045085907,
-0.050516944378614426,
0.2633383572101593,
0.2669241726398468,
0.3165631890296936,
-0.1445901095867157,
0.2367379367351532,
0.7018345594406128,
-0.3100803792476654,
-0.1013859361410141,
0.3753792941570282,
0.6492396593093872,
0.2810756266117096,
0.34019142389297485,
-0.06077030673623085,
0.0954066663980484,
-0.0471322201192379,
0.1426108181476593,
-0.1426130086183548,
-0.046156201511621475,
0.2144622802734375,
-0.2811693549156189,
-0.3574303090572357,
0.352813720703125,
0.06784874945878983,
0.262481689453125,
-0.3594403862953186,
0.2111009806394577,
0.5411551594734192,
0.1307111531496048,
0.06313787400722504,
0.6798967719078064,
0.4079415500164032,
-0.2222682386636734,
-0.10060936957597733,
-0.2859104573726654,
0.284881591796875,
2.3085238933563232,
0.4747837483882904,
2.146763324737549,
-0.2156895250082016,
0.2180306613445282,
0.4858049750328064,
-0.2239096462726593,
0.4514857828617096,
0.054031915962696075,
-0.36973461508750916,
0.2678396999835968,
0.5948399305343628,
-0.15119417011737823,
0.14729200303554535,
0.3190743625164032,
-0.12467793375253677,
0.2478899210691452,
-1.0483921766281128,
-0.08621706068515778,
0.09992463141679764,
0.1624799519777298,
0.0477861687541008,
0.06930487602949142,
0.2021135538816452,
0.20230647921562195,
-0.5229666829109192,
-0.034246716648340225,
0.1618499755859375,
-0.12424250692129135,
-0.2948651909828186,
-0.1419132798910141,
0.1640450656414032,
-0.03761618584394455,
0.4991803765296936,
0.3725934624671936,
-0.05924442782998085,
-0.2631399929523468,
4.629185199737549,
0.38907188177108765,
-0.2207554429769516,
-0.07380568981170654,
0.17842647433280945,
0.5368782877922058,
0.3954729437828064,
-0.16122953593730927,
-0.1996983140707016,
0.1960536390542984,
0.5821184515953064,
0.17426736652851105,
-0.2877545952796936,
-0.3730643093585968,
0.6569300889968872,
0.1501988023519516,
-0.0530112124979496,
-0.14701297879219055,
0.2255510538816452,
0.12309817224740982,
-0.04738875851035118,
0.2436676025390625,
0.1134599968791008,
-0.0952170267701149,
-0.5307442545890808,
-0.0232533048838377,
0.11876296997070312,
-0.04402269795536995,
-0.04732731357216835,
0.01095744501799345,
0.8360421061515808,
5.408482074737549,
-0.07187407463788986,
0.07044710218906403,
0.08226966857910156,
-0.03530004993081093,
0.20305360853672028,
-0.1939283162355423,
0.3278895914554596,
0.021526336669921875,
-0.0050378525629639626,
0.2257210910320282,
-0.07175445556640625,
-0.2593231201171875,
0.45760780572891235,
0.07176236063241959,
0.2887050211429596,
-0.35076904296875,
0.0577850341796875,
0.06724493950605392,
-0.3477347195148468,
0.48638916015625,
0.2486615926027298,
0.009639739990234375,
-0.4111981987953186,
-0.3099343478679657,
0.2811540961265564,
-0.1176975816488266,
0.268707275390625,
-0.1878553181886673,
-0.1735382080078125,
0.37548828125,
0.34844970703125,
-0.0417916439473629,
0.2957240641117096,
-0.06713758409023285,
0.08812059462070465,
0.3495221734046936,
0.04059164971113205,
0.3371233344078064,
-0.14040811359882355,
0.4114292562007904,
0.2608860433101654,
0.6433802843093872,
-0.3066362738609314,
0.07365090399980545,
-0.0507550910115242,
0.1270315945148468,
-0.3046002984046936,
0.0791364386677742,
0.0290647242218256,
0.2405264675617218,
-0.08510371297597885,
0.65045166015625,
-0.0196522306650877,
0.1854727566242218,
0.2042933851480484,
-0.1417064666748047,
0.09103802591562271,
0.03041563741862774,
-0.3590262234210968,
0.4221104085445404,
-0.06518452614545822,
-0.2965131402015686,
0.498779296875,
0.3748779296875,
0.3607003390789032,
-0.0001493181480327621,
0.1251111775636673,
0.5159040093421936,
-0.3436976969242096,
0.2079249769449234,
0.3154296875,
-0.2519095242023468,
0.48211669921875,
0.4028053283691406,
-0.0026386806275695562,
0.3487287163734436,
-0.2076132595539093,
-0.011395045556128025,
0.4149845540523529,
-0.4479282796382904,
-0.5420967936515808,
0.026954378932714462,
-0.3009207546710968,
0.23733139038085938,
0.1273672878742218,
0.3278721272945404,
0.1416168212890625,
0.1911991685628891,
-0.014608110301196575,
0.4517909586429596,
0.2671683132648468,
-0.2901524007320404,
0.244110107421875,
-0.4764927327632904,
0.4990234375,
0.23954664170742035,
0.6176060438156128,
-0.15964290499687195,
0.1360451877117157,
0.09051132202148438,
0.3148542046546936,
-0.04304490610957146,
-0.2507585883140564,
0.2608075737953186,
-0.2546125054359436,
-0.3234514594078064,
0.1991402804851532,
0.364501953125,
0.036224365234375,
0.6075264811515808,
0.6003592610359192,
0.314208984375,
-0.1855621337890625,
-0.1806117445230484
] |
99 | At what age did William Morris "Bill" Lawry start playing cricket? | [
{
"docid": "968847#1",
"text": "Lawry was born in the Melbourne suburb of Thornbury. He was given the names William Morris after the early Prime Minister of Australia, William Morris Hughes. His father Alfred played amateur cricket until the age of 51. Bill never saw his father play, who was aged 47 when Bill was born. Aged nine, he played competitive cricket for the first time with the Thornbury Presbyterian Church team. He spent three years there, as well as playing for Preston Technical School. When he was twelve, he entered Melbourne's district competition playing for Northcote's fourth team, working his way up to the First XI by the age of sixteen. At the time, he was apprenticed as a plumber and attending Preston Technical College. Lawry was selected for Victoria's Second XI at the age of seventeen. He made a duck against the South Australians and did not see any further action for the Seconds for the rest of the summer of 1954–55. The following season, Lawry was recalled to the Seconds and scored 183 against South Australia.",
"title": "Bill Lawry"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "968847#0",
"text": "William Morris \"Bill\" Lawry, AM (born 11 February 1937) is a former cricketer who played for Victoria and Australia. He captained Australia in 25 Tests, winning nine, losing eight and drawing eight, and led Australia in the inaugural One Day International match, played in 1971. An opening batsman with a reputation for resolute defence, he had the ability to spend long periods of time at the crease. As his career progressed, he wound back his strokeplay to the point where he was described by an English journalist as \"the corpse with pads on\". Lawry was unceremoniously dumped as captain and player for the final Test of the 1970–71 Ashes series in Australia. Lawry's sacking is regarded as one of the more distasteful incidents in Australian cricket history—he was not informed personally of the selectors' decision before the decision was first broadcast on radio and he only became aware of his fate when confronted by reporters. Lawry was part of the Nine Network cricket commentary team and until 2018, had been in the role for 45 years.",
"title": "Bill Lawry"
},
{
"docid": "968847#22",
"text": "Lawry continued his marathon season with a remarkable performance in the final of the Victorian district cricket season, playing for Northcote Cricket Club against the Essendon Cricket Club. In 2000, the Victorian Cricket Association's Umpires Association voted it \"The District Match of the Century\". The Essendon team included Ian Monks (captain), John Grant, Greg Brown, Barry Davis, Daryl Foster, Keith Kirby, and John Swanson; and, apart from Lawry, the team's captain, the Northcote team included Frank Brew, Ian Cowley, and Paul Shanahan.\nThe match was played at the Albert Cricket Ground over four days — 2 April, 9 April (Easter Saturday), 11 April (Easter Monday), and 16 April 1966 — to reach a first innings result: Essendon declared at 9/514 at tea on Day 2, and Northcote chased the total, making 5/516, with Lawry finishing 282 not out, having been at the crease for 509 minutes, faced 454 balls, and hit 32 fours.",
"title": "Bill Lawry"
},
{
"docid": "968847#4",
"text": "In 1959–60, the national team were away on an eight-Test tour of the Indian subcontinent, opening up opportunities for players in domestic cricket. Lawry played in all 10 of Victoria's inter-state matches. After starting the season with 70 and 50 not out against Western Australia, Lawry went into form slump and accumulated only 56 runs in his next six innings. He scored 85 and 33 and took his maiden first-class wicket in the next match against South Australia, but his form remained modest until the end of the season. He scored fifties in consecutive matches before registering his maiden first-class century, 127, against Western Australia, before scoring an unbeaten 38 in the second innings to see the Victorians to their target of 46. He ended with 666 runs at 44.40 for the season.",
"title": "Bill Lawry"
},
{
"docid": "968847#3",
"text": "Lawry was dropped completely in 1957–58 and did not play a match for his state even though they were depleted with Test representatives overseas in South Africa. The left-hander stayed on the sidelines for the first half of the following season when the Test players returned. Recalled for Victoria's match against the touring English cricket team in 1958–59, he scored 24 and 22, failing to seize his opportunity against international opponents. He also bowled at first-class level for the first time, bowling two overs without success. However, he was retained in the team, and scored fifties in four of the remaining five innings of the season and ended with 361 runs at 60.16.",
"title": "Bill Lawry"
},
{
"docid": "968847#56",
"text": "After retiring from playing, Lawry worked as a commentator on radio and television, firstly with Channel 7 and then Channel 0 Melbourne, joining Channel 9 television, beginning in the days of World Series Cricket in the 1977-78 season. His distinctive, enthusiastic and excitable style has often been parodied, especially in The Twelfth Man series; in addition for his persistent use of cliches, the Victorian was known for his signature catchcries, particularly \"Got him, yes he's gone!\" whenever a wicket fell, \"It's all happening!\" in reference to a see-sawing or chaotic passage of play, and \"bang\" (when a batsman attempts a long hit) and for his love of racing pigeons. Lawry's long-running, argumentative but humorous commentary partnership with the South African-born former English captain Tony Greig was a mainstay of the Nine Network's commentary offering for 33 years, ending with Greig's death in December 2012.",
"title": "Bill Lawry"
},
{
"docid": "968847#25",
"text": "Lawry started the 1967–68 home series against India well. After compiling 42 and a duck in the First Test win, he made an even 100 in the Second Test in Adelaide to help secure an innings victory. After the Test, Lawry became Australian captain when Simpson stood aside having announced that he would retire from international cricket at the end of the series. His form remained consistent, scoring 64, 45, 66 and 52 in the two remaining Tests as Australia completed a 4–0 clean sweep. He had a productive summer with 369 runs at 52.71. In all first-class matches, Lawry made 805 runs at 47.35, adding a second century for the season in a vain attempt to prevent a Victorian defeat at the hands of Western Australia. Throughout the summer, Lawry made many start without converting them into large scores. In 17 innings, he made six half-centuries, all less than 70, and four scores in the forties. Under his leadership, Victoria won three and lost two of their seven Shield matches for the season.",
"title": "Bill Lawry"
},
{
"docid": "1553714#91",
"text": "From 1971 onwards, Harvey was the chairman of selectors. It was a tumultuous period in Australian cricket, where captain Bill Lawry was acrimoniously sacked in the middle of the 1970–71 series against England after a dispute between players and Australian officials. Lawry was not informed of his fate and learned of his omission on the radio when he was still one of Australia's most productive batsmen. The dispute was the genesis of the pay dispute which, led to the formation of World Series Cricket in 1977 and generated a mass exodus of players. This resulted in the recall of Bob Simpson after ten years in retirement at the age of 41 to captain the Test team. Following the rapprochement between the establishment and the WSC players, Harvey left the selection panel. The WSC representatives felt that Harvey's anti-WSC comments made him prejudiced against the selection of former WSC players.",
"title": "Neil Harvey"
},
{
"docid": "171681#4",
"text": "From the age of five, Harold attended Kirkby Woodhouse school. Over the years this small village school produced, besides Larwood, four other international cricketers who became his contemporaries in the Nottinghamshire county side: William \"Dodge\" Whysall, Sam Staples, Bill Voce and Joe Hardstaff junior. On leaving the school in 1917, when he was 13, Harold was employed at the local miners' cooperative store, before beginning work the following year at Annesley Colliery in charge of a team of pit ponies. He had shown an early talent for cricket, and began to play for Nuncargate's second team in 1918. Playing against experienced adults, in his first season he took 76 wickets at an average of 4.9. By 1920 he was in the first team, alongside his father, playing in plimsolls because the family could not afford to buy him proper cricket boots.",
"title": "Harold Larwood"
},
{
"docid": "968847#44",
"text": "\"It was in South Africa in 1969–70 that his batting, and with it his captaincy, began to falter. The unfortunate experiences he and his men endured in India prior to visiting South Africa, those incidents there and on and off the field, began to affect his outlook, converted it, I feel, into what might be called an inlook...He had to survive investigation of his leadership by the Australian Board of Control in the light of adverse reports from the authorities of both India and South Africa. I believe Bill Lawry had developed a sizable chip on his shoulder before the summer of 1970–71.\"\nLawry's men left directly for South Africa. Already tired, they confronted fast and bouncy pitches in contrast to low, slow and dusty spinning pitches in India. Upon arrival, Lawry declared Ian Chappell to be the best batsman in the world, something that would come back to haunt him. For his part, the Australian commentator Alan McGilvray said that when they arrived in Johannesburg, the Australians \"looked haggard. Their eyes seemed to be standing out of their heads and some of them looked positively yellow.\" The Australians played their first match of the tour within a week of leaving the subcontinent. Prior to this first match, most of the team were seen sleeping on the benches at the ground half an hour before play was due to start. Initially, it appeared that the Australians were unaffected by the long campaign and change in conditions; they won their first two lead-in matches against their provincial sides by an innings and ten wickets respectively, Lawry scoring 86 against North Eastern Transvaal and 157 against Griqualand West, finishing unbeaten on both occasions. They drew the third match against Eastern Province, Lawry again unbeaten twice on 9 and 43.",
"title": "Bill Lawry"
}
] | [
0.19775928556919098,
0.009676764719188213,
-0.06277869641780853,
0.3687169551849365,
0.05075522139668465,
0.5587283968925476,
0.2614315152168274,
-0.3893037736415863,
-0.14487412571907043,
0.3606387972831726,
0.122250497341156,
-0.2989250719547272,
-0.3694278597831726,
-0.043165769428014755,
0.09774600714445114,
-0.10109216719865799,
0.5729262232780457,
-0.35009047389030457,
-0.2692287564277649,
-0.10719119757413864,
-0.17758896946907043,
0.6712431311607361,
-0.20199047029018402,
-0.05910312384366989,
0.07726243138313293,
-0.08900406956672668,
-0.10367539525032043,
0.04581429064273834,
0.3061738908290863,
-0.005818030331283808,
0.23376643657684326,
-0.03338067606091499,
-0.3672664761543274,
0.38540470600128174,
-0.3568819761276245,
0.3181367814540863,
0.005756153725087643,
-0.21658146381378174,
0.06808561086654663,
0.44888126850128174,
-0.06476705521345139,
-0.21234489977359772,
0.37353065609931946,
-0.0623200349509716,
0.4744594693183899,
0.08198628574609756,
0.08989491313695908,
0.11975052952766418,
-0.2969396114349365,
0.08345121145248413,
-0.7164521813392639,
0.36355412006378174,
0.33119112253189087,
-0.33611342310905457,
-0.3891637325286865,
0.41606590151786804,
-0.3534225523471832,
0.28031018376350403,
0.14719794690608978,
0.31819063425064087,
0.22747443616390228,
0.39934226870536804,
-0.23779834806919098,
-0.17804314196109772,
-0.10265170782804489,
0.3047090470790863,
-0.28700166940689087,
0.4363223910331726,
-0.19690479338169098,
0.19613288342952728,
0.177423357963562,
0.17071533203125,
0.47390568256378174,
0.11349397897720337,
0.30168241262435913,
-0.25854358077049255,
0.2983973026275635,
0.240472674369812,
0.14015702903270721,
-0.1527494490146637,
0.44558894634246826,
-0.14068244397640228,
-0.3133904039859772,
0.8508157134056091,
-0.23331181704998016,
0.3784538805484772,
0.0987916812300682,
-0.08418386429548264,
0.3929227888584137,
0.553337574005127,
-0.5870146155357361,
0.12256959080696106,
-0.06939136236906052,
0.11825449019670486,
-0.06002829968929291,
0.0038384830113500357,
-0.1836763322353363,
0.16383720934391022,
0.11636083573102951,
-0.508659839630127,
-0.01447492465376854,
-0.3035852909088135,
-0.5592830777168274,
0.08515122532844543,
-0.022261900827288628,
-0.2892940640449524,
-0.4376436173915863,
0.29673856496810913,
0.1150449886918068,
0.12856639921665192,
0.545783519744873,
-0.394500732421875,
0.061773523688316345,
-0.08501838147640228,
0.19505758583545685,
0.2120145857334137,
-0.17006009817123413,
0.0452423095703125,
-0.12566959857940674,
-0.841681957244873,
0.34211280941963196,
0.29383042454719543,
-0.17605052888393402,
-0.0536377839744091,
-0.8588723540306091,
-0.738037109375,
0.6194278597831726,
0.24399521946907043,
0.4967687129974365,
0.5426384210586548,
0.08745485544204712,
-0.21243464946746826,
0.5565688014030457,
0.4745662808418274,
0.4640987515449524,
0.2960056960582733,
-0.04201911389827728,
-0.2306698113679886,
-0.6403664946556091,
-0.25612685084342957,
0.21942295134067535,
0.016453461721539497,
0.3113367557525635,
0.545654296875,
0.25423118472099304,
0.10729128122329712,
-0.2634923458099365,
0.36630427837371826,
-0.17689962685108185,
0.600456714630127,
0.18207146227359772,
-0.02958006039261818,
-0.3137781620025635,
0.517333984375,
0.13744579255580902,
0.07616783678531647,
0.10550465434789658,
-0.27583763003349304,
-0.0555327907204628,
0.23074878752231598,
0.7919634580612183,
0.3717400133609772,
0.4043843746185303,
-0.17660343647003174,
-0.14904606342315674,
0.08798128366470337,
-0.05755435675382614,
0.16325289011001587,
0.5236385464668274,
-0.17382453382015228,
-0.2630256116390228,
0.1787540167570114,
0.15216512978076935,
0.1516445428133011,
0.31196144223213196,
-0.05069699138402939,
-0.42268282175064087,
0.10284603387117386,
0.2477847784757614,
-0.34830161929130554,
0.07014869153499603,
0.14249734580516815,
0.17340087890625,
0.24300922453403473,
0.5821748375892639,
0.37428194284439087,
-0.3388323485851288,
-0.2195950746536255,
-0.08453577011823654,
0.42713120579719543,
0.29031193256378174,
-0.07109025120735168,
0.3164241909980774,
0.007947023957967758,
-0.29436179995536804,
0.2023800164461136,
-0.02684267796576023,
0.25296199321746826,
-0.2569149136543274,
0.5883358120918274,
-0.09947339445352554,
0.4277774691581726,
-0.4188447892665863,
0.4607938826084137,
0.29662367701530457,
-0.4461885392665863,
0.03961310535669327,
0.8876665830612183,
-0.21811091899871826,
-0.05583370476961136,
0.2396940290927887,
0.12091244012117386,
0.32148653268814087,
0.5812270045280457,
-0.08430884778499603,
-0.22826610505580902,
-0.10447513312101364,
-0.24620504677295685,
0.29226550459861755,
0.6759822964668274,
-0.25627586245536804,
0.2882869839668274,
0.10564737021923065,
-0.3885857164859772,
-0.005640366580337286,
-0.31688734889030457,
0.1018739566206932,
-0.588263988494873,
0.2004214972257614,
0.34166762232780457,
0.3204920291900635,
0.1532772332429886,
0.15607227385044098,
-0.41163545846939087,
0.1814144402742386,
-0.09728285670280457,
-0.31532159447669983,
0.06383761018514633,
-0.3019660413265228,
-0.15030625462532043,
0.22439754009246826,
0.238468736410141,
-0.28028959035873413,
0.5850111842155457,
0.3328282833099365,
0.0028901940677314997,
0.07502028346061707,
0.037683822214603424,
0.039759665727615356,
-0.2682674527168274,
0.2085750848054886,
-0.414730966091156,
0.5443904995918274,
0.34774959087371826,
-0.3211023807525635,
-0.11932552605867386,
-0.07949250191450119,
-0.0749022364616394,
-0.2513549029827118,
0.3036858141422272,
0.03565092757344246,
0.4248692989349365,
0.2675256133079529,
0.42475441098213196,
-0.5218147039413452,
-0.3936983048915863,
0.32813218235969543,
0.5774213075637817,
-0.053274717181921005,
0.27906709909439087,
0.8242474794387817,
-0.4287199079990387,
0.04294316843152046,
0.08132238686084747,
-0.23273782432079315,
-0.6285615563392639,
0.33590877056121826,
0.62823486328125,
-0.26823335886001587,
0.22398824989795685,
0.3367345333099365,
-0.028020747005939484,
-0.24917423725128174,
0.2049776017665863,
0.14694303274154663,
0.566901683807373,
-0.2218143194913864,
-0.40526267886161804,
-0.16116870939731598,
-0.007485333830118179,
0.25318458676338196,
0.1775912046432495,
-0.1661466658115387,
-0.14519859850406647,
-0.41009521484375,
0.43268898129463196,
0.18098539113998413,
-0.19198787212371826,
0.501823902130127,
-0.25977638363838196,
0.5590475797653198,
-0.49167048931121826,
-0.005831774324178696,
0.8582548499107361,
0.048127565532922745,
-0.11089010536670685,
-0.05811982974410057,
0.38086655735969543,
-0.1761692315340042,
0.611076831817627,
0.222137451171875,
-0.36198875308036804,
-0.10013356059789658,
0.7721449732780457,
0.12844164669513702,
0.20264390110969543,
0.49290555715560913,
0.25286865234375,
0.40966078639030457,
0.016428358852863312,
-0.2425779402256012,
-0.4830681383609772,
-0.24603989720344543,
0.10887908935546875,
0.2721467912197113,
-0.20203444361686707,
0.1767398566007614,
-0.270221471786499,
0.31442081928253174,
-0.05903221666812897,
0.6364638209342957,
0.09486411511898041,
-0.14479467272758484,
-0.5294404625892639,
-0.4345272183418274,
0.2199922502040863,
0.02304166927933693,
0.1613859236240387,
-0.08025135844945908,
0.20551614463329315,
0.25303471088409424,
0.04498650133609772,
0.004854538943618536,
0.2450956404209137,
0.177276611328125,
-0.01278776302933693,
0.050620585680007935,
0.08726232498884201,
0.39541447162628174,
0.04604552686214447,
0.21306295692920685,
0.059305302798748016,
-0.036269694566726685,
-0.1779695451259613,
0.27471205592155457,
0.03132180497050285,
-0.09517355263233185,
0.5793169736862183,
0.24868595600128174,
-0.16526301205158234,
0.17440436780452728,
0.4048641324043274,
0.05834108218550682,
0.4168055057525635,
0.26461970806121826,
0.19234825670719147,
-0.3478142321109772,
0.3005191683769226,
-0.05395103991031647,
0.556525707244873,
0.12422449141740799,
-0.059257954359054565,
0.30995088815689087,
0.5023552179336548,
-0.4114990234375,
0.031774185597896576,
-0.1817501336336136,
0.36951345205307007,
0.44921875,
0.6387149691581726,
0.08558537065982819,
0.5104262232780457,
0.8103170990943909,
-0.06858567148447037,
-0.2292187660932541,
0.08650746196508408,
0.012474508956074715,
-0.12782466411590576,
0.3120978772640228,
-0.1088167056441307,
0.5150792598724365,
0.05547512322664261,
-0.30143827199935913,
0.06323763728141785,
-0.3696683943271637,
-0.20073385536670685,
0.0010278364643454552,
0.281794935464859,
0.24121761322021484,
-0.03127692639827728,
-0.04611273482441902,
0.07976296544075012,
0.3186681270599365,
0.29379451274871826,
4.233800411224365,
-0.06919636577367783,
0.21118882298469543,
-0.07102158665657043,
-0.15239042043685913,
0.023076673969626427,
0.27693086862564087,
0.020802216604351997,
-0.04314812645316124,
0.25751808285713196,
-0.5943962335586548,
0.11549018323421478,
-0.27192237973213196,
-0.4025089144706726,
0.16622520983219147,
0.384521484375,
0.567009449005127,
0.11088293045759201,
-0.0028056397568434477,
0.27481257915496826,
-0.3667207658290863,
0.29452335834503174,
0.17471762001514435,
-0.3181583285331726,
0.5280905365943909,
-0.02947291173040867,
0.8229549527168274,
-0.10067715495824814,
0.1322416365146637,
-0.0725630596280098,
0.22712291777133942,
-0.10876846313476562,
0.23633620142936707,
0.14784151315689087,
-0.8320743441581726,
0.748291015625,
0.42737534642219543,
0.4898932874202728,
-0.12098873406648636,
0.2091244012117386,
-0.25342515110969543,
-0.03805048391222954,
0.7503159642219543,
0.2837129533290863,
0.2976594865322113,
-0.21869535744190216,
-0.502678394317627,
0.1233125552535057,
-0.03070584498345852,
0.1397448182106018,
0.19935159385204315,
0.06254936754703522,
-0.14079688489437103,
-0.25434425473213196,
-0.32577693462371826,
0.4465762972831726,
0.14406810700893402,
0.42308133840560913,
0.17942720651626587,
0.10435216873884201,
-0.30408433079719543,
0.4383760392665863,
0.09392233192920685,
0.09211641550064087,
-0.5295158624649048,
-0.16622835397720337,
0.3481535017490387,
0.032799214124679565,
0.09561426192522049,
-0.1549898087978363,
0.12857414782047272,
0.34301039576530457,
0.13659308850765228,
-0.25151512026786804,
0.28112971782684326,
0.049848221242427826,
0.09000352025032043,
-0.017815982922911644,
0.0786958560347557,
0.25741755962371826,
0.087954580783844,
-0.3330257534980774,
-0.024134917184710503,
0.02012544497847557,
0.004111963324248791,
0.579474925994873,
0.28863704204559326,
-0.19781535863876343,
0.48448988795280457,
0.016974730417132378,
0.07159844785928726,
0.024024514481425285,
-0.19845759868621826,
0.3778291642665863,
0.12182258069515228,
0.07924292981624603,
-0.11140038073062897,
-3.8737361431121826,
0.5968520045280457,
0.20585721731185913,
-0.2209903448820114,
-0.0011515897931531072,
0.12430258095264435,
0.04302237927913666,
0.4972929060459137,
-0.4454704821109772,
-0.21582838892936707,
-0.09630360454320908,
-0.32381126284599304,
-0.13819077610969543,
0.4420955777168274,
0.5782973170280457,
0.25391075015068054,
0.2583950161933899,
0.3241325914859772,
-0.014560475014150143,
-0.23495662212371826,
-0.11529989540576935,
-0.021322699263691902,
0.09883451461791992,
-0.029381247237324715,
-0.04475649818778038,
-0.07095426321029663,
0.09759162366390228,
0.07324577867984772,
-0.03454386442899704,
0.035052355378866196,
0.19823230803012848,
0.1259945183992386,
0.5389763116836548,
-0.0970853939652443,
0.19354136288166046,
0.16753971576690674,
0.3962043225765228,
-0.1167817935347557,
0.3675177991390228,
0.035863541066646576,
-0.2631404995918274,
0.27852675318717957,
0.19255155324935913,
0.2237728387117386,
-0.04652247577905655,
-0.05917268618941307,
0.08921993523836136,
0.16782693564891815,
-0.29632747173309326,
0.29104435443878174,
0.12263399362564087,
0.10700001567602158,
-0.6631146669387817,
-0.2090790718793869,
0.46261775493621826,
0.006528068799525499,
0.2151399552822113,
-0.13309074938297272,
0.07260242104530334,
0.21567849814891815,
-0.021506253629922867,
-0.08727803081274033,
0.026294931769371033,
0.25213533639907837,
0.308459997177124,
0.005910312291234732,
0.21931546926498413,
0.4215787947177887,
0.25349515676498413,
-0.39149385690689087,
-0.13493280112743378,
0.2891486585140228,
0.2176334112882614,
-0.09619320183992386,
0.3072150647640228,
0.2703359127044678,
0.19501091539859772,
-0.3005927503108978,
0.46778780221939087,
0.20164041221141815,
0.09351259469985962,
-0.26685580611228943,
-0.3524529039859772,
0.34917137026786804,
2.429055690765381,
0.3432976305484772,
2.198873996734619,
0.26531264185905457,
0.10589958727359772,
0.44426414370536804,
0.13735423982143402,
-0.14695291221141815,
-0.18809598684310913,
-0.07496337592601776,
0.6299115419387817,
-0.13257823884487152,
-0.29530245065689087,
0.27773869037628174,
-0.10063979029655457,
-0.4614688754081726,
0.39238426089286804,
-1.0713608264923096,
0.23257267475128174,
0.16097304224967957,
0.05896669253706932,
0.21491241455078125,
-0.26025390625,
-0.19441761076450348,
0.11825460195541382,
0.2749292850494385,
-0.08026964217424393,
0.15917743742465973,
0.05623267590999603,
0.12590306997299194,
-0.14157597720623016,
0.03888680040836334,
0.3223446011543274,
-0.6351462006568909,
0.21087287366390228,
0.21980196237564087,
0.041909217834472656,
4.619945049285889,
0.31199735403060913,
-0.19471561908721924,
0.018870381638407707,
0.04202450066804886,
0.2762666642665863,
0.4309728145599365,
0.1651199609041214,
0.027467167004942894,
0.22728055715560913,
0.10916922986507416,
0.001973769161850214,
-0.22069235146045685,
0.29414278268814087,
0.3392333984375,
-0.21020911633968353,
-0.09736768156290054,
0.43761488795280457,
0.005943073891103268,
0.12878844141960144,
0.05497651919722557,
0.14651848375797272,
0.32276827096939087,
-0.12053567916154861,
0.531609058380127,
0.4610236585140228,
0.2855404019355774,
-0.32927748560905457,
0.0006462545716203749,
0.237213134765625,
0.4878360629081726,
5.419347286224365,
0.4332759976387024,
-0.009890836663544178,
0.0513317734003067,
-0.22335277497768402,
0.31774184107780457,
-0.10550913959741592,
0.18256781995296478,
-0.2191987931728363,
-0.07831113785505295,
0.03178057819604874,
-0.06652271002531052,
0.002392937196418643,
0.30294081568717957,
0.2631656527519226,
0.06946878135204315,
-0.07281583547592163,
0.06556253135204315,
0.2923987805843353,
0.22490018606185913,
0.6683708429336548,
0.16075538098812103,
0.1453157365322113,
-0.7054730653762817,
-0.3377775251865387,
0.1418825089931488,
-0.29087918996810913,
0.5997816920280457,
0.34996122121810913,
0.21123190224170685,
0.5941808223724365,
0.3908170759677887,
0.44267722964286804,
0.06330730020999908,
0.09068606793880463,
0.37676283717155457,
0.19304881989955902,
0.24907369911670685,
0.3582979142665863,
0.06487992405891418,
0.10520845651626587,
0.15143001079559326,
-0.0703125,
-0.14429429173469543,
-0.36036592721939087,
-0.3600428104400635,
0.10406494140625,
0.2448910027742386,
-0.3721277713775635,
-0.21876077353954315,
-0.26709145307540894,
-0.4721105098724365,
0.8117532134056091,
-0.09747213125228882,
0.42449119687080383,
0.40186983346939087,
0.12842537462711334,
0.30384376645088196,
-0.22142747044563293,
-0.4669404923915863,
0.4998563826084137,
0.17962287366390228,
0.02625364437699318,
0.4109891951084137,
0.3452058732509613,
0.2821404039859772,
0.32327449321746826,
-0.12757694721221924,
0.5651711821556091,
-0.022028418257832527,
0.18104104697704315,
0.1942964494228363,
0.04955785349011421,
0.01167207583785057,
-0.055215273052453995,
-0.04023686423897743,
0.38376930356025696,
0.1568172723054886,
0.25848567485809326,
-0.2731574475765228,
0.01301664486527443,
-0.39389216899871826,
-0.22600959241390228,
-0.23080623149871826,
0.03963223472237587,
0.48487046360969543,
-0.10924126207828522,
0.04980289191007614,
0.0775165855884552,
-0.1991756707429886,
0.4021211564540863,
0.1394743025302887,
-0.16799747943878174,
0.08431917428970337,
0.2312864363193512,
0.06976318359375,
0.38963767886161804,
0.20115123689174652,
-0.18550558388233185,
-0.08515122532844543,
0.08317117393016815,
0.07635542750358582,
0.07310710102319717,
0.36534926295280457,
0.22809645533561707,
-0.03307252749800682,
0.3093836307525635,
0.2828548550605774,
0.45494887232780457,
0.06809228658676147,
0.5337919592857361,
0.33476346731185913,
-0.24661433696746826,
0.06474146991968155,
0.12391527742147446
] |
101 | What is the biggest cricket competition? | [
{
"docid": "649727#1",
"text": "Most games are played as parts of \"tours\", when one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months, and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. The ICC also organises competitions that are for several countries at once, including the Cricket World Cup & ICC T20 World Cup.",
"title": "International cricket"
},
{
"docid": "649727#11",
"text": "In addition to the one-day series and tournaments organised by the nations themselves, the ICC organises two One Day International tournaments. The World Cup is held every four years; it involves all the Test-playing nations and a number of teams advancing from the immediately preceding ICC World Cup Qualifier. The ICC Champions Trophy, previously known as the ICC Knockout Cup, is a shorter tournament held every four years in between World Cups. The ICC also organises a T20 International tournament, the ICC World Twenty20, which is generally held every two years and, as in the latest competition, involves the ten full ICC members and six associate members who qualified through a qualifier competition, the ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier.",
"title": "International cricket"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "57500380#0",
"text": "The 2018–19 Regional Four Day Competition is the 53rd edition of the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the Cricket West Indies (CWI). The competition started on 6 December 2018 and is scheduled to conclude on 10 March 2019. Six teams are contesting the tournament – Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands. Guyana are the defending champions. The players' draft for the tournament took place in May 2018.",
"title": "2018–19 Regional Four Day Competition"
},
{
"docid": "19477084#6",
"text": "Recent exhibitions at Tensta konsthall include\n• “Abstract Possible: The Stockholm Synergies,” with Doug Ashford, Claire Barclay, Goldin+Senneby, Wade Guyton, Mai-Thu Perret, Walid Raad, and Haegue Yang, among others\n• “Kami, Khokha, Bert and Ernie: World Heritage” by Hinrich Sachs\n• “Doing what you want: Marie-Louise Ekman accompanied by Sister Corita Kent, Mladen Stilinović, and Martha Wilson” \n• “The Society without qualities” with Sören Andreasen, Ane Hjort Guttu, Sture Johannesson, Sharon Lockhardt, and Palle Nielsen (part of “The new model” and curated by Lars Bang Larsen)\n• “Working With…” by Zak Kyes\n• “We are continuing BBDG” with Bernd Krauss\n• “Two Archives” by Babak Afrassiabi and Nasrin Tabatabai",
"title": "Tensta Konsthall"
},
{
"docid": "537198#1",
"text": "The domestic competitions include the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Vijay Hazare Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy. In addition, the BCCI conducts the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition, which is also one of the biggest sports league in the world and the biggest cricket league in the world. The Indian cricket team is also accredited with the honour of winning all the ICC tournaments under M.S. Dhoni's captaincy, which is a world record. While cricket is by far the most popular sport in the country it is not the country's national sport since India has no national sport.",
"title": "Cricket in India"
},
{
"docid": "14046416#2",
"text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.",
"title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "11247268#8",
"text": "\"We designed the building from the inside out, not the outside in,” said Loretta H. Cockrum, Foram’s founder, chairman and CEO. “We wanted the most efficient office building ever designed, with no wasted space or wasted energy. This is a building of the future more than a building of the present. A lot of love has gone into that building, and a lot of pride.\"",
"title": "Brickell World Plaza"
},
{
"docid": "37367511#0",
"text": "ㅋ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅋ is U+314B.",
"title": "ㅋ"
},
{
"docid": "49690867#0",
"text": "ㅛ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅛ is U+315B.",
"title": "ㅛ"
},
{
"docid": "49690912#0",
"text": "ㅜ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅜ is U+315C.",
"title": "ㅜ"
},
{
"docid": "25607023#0",
"text": "ㅌ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅌ is U+314C.",
"title": "ㅌ"
},
{
"docid": "28025488#0",
"text": "ㅅ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅅ is U+3137.",
"title": "ㅅ"
}
] | [
0.2148166298866272,
-0.1287570595741272,
0.0565422922372818,
0.4043782651424408,
0.0463884137570858,
0.0968916118144989,
0.2921006977558136,
-0.2834065854549408,
-0.0230068638920784,
0.3429090678691864,
-0.0439266636967659,
-0.1858893483877182,
-0.3492567241191864,
0.005032009445130825,
-0.1999935507774353,
0.0773349329829216,
0.5630967617034912,
-0.2494981586933136,
-0.467529296875,
0.2393408864736557,
-0.2560628354549408,
0.4004177451133728,
0.3574897050857544,
-0.0031110974960029125,
-0.1250135600566864,
-0.2638481855392456,
-0.2690700888633728,
0.0662282332777977,
0.16156005859375,
-0.1562228798866272,
0.1465114951133728,
-0.1606377512216568,
-0.08978271484375,
0.5745171308517456,
-0.1728583425283432,
0.3653700053691864,
-0.0335828997194767,
-0.1603054404258728,
0.0930107980966568,
0.2621392011642456,
0.2876620888710022,
0.1300557404756546,
0.1204427108168602,
0.09084828943014145,
0.4175075888633728,
0.1657579243183136,
-0.03859541192650795,
0.4373100996017456,
-0.2245551198720932,
0.3433702290058136,
-0.2545640766620636,
0.0494723841547966,
-0.2061496376991272,
-0.5267741084098816,
-0.3346761167049408,
0.12219831347465515,
-0.0534227155148983,
0.8697373867034912,
0.05670230835676193,
0.0630628764629364,
0.02028401754796505,
0.2385796457529068,
0.0611317940056324,
-0.1240912526845932,
0.01673380471765995,
0.1588270366191864,
-0.1446058452129364,
0.2395222932100296,
0.03428225964307785,
0.2233174592256546,
0.2556966245174408,
0.3223470151424408,
0.2577175498008728,
0.1391468644142151,
-0.2393815815448761,
-0.2053561806678772,
0.3141411542892456,
-0.03459739685058594,
0.3414035439491272,
-0.1779988557100296,
0.2915174663066864,
-0.2593858540058136,
-0.4959038496017456,
0.08229276537895203,
-0.3128526508808136,
0.2870279848575592,
0.02376641146838665,
0.211181640625,
0.2756076455116272,
0.7440321445465088,
-0.3405626118183136,
-0.4465060830116272,
0.08589807897806168,
-0.1429714560508728,
0.2878214418888092,
-0.2672119140625,
0.0025465223006904125,
-0.4702962338924408,
0.0699835866689682,
-0.1169297993183136,
-0.1707831472158432,
-0.1661783903837204,
-0.2495795339345932,
0.2454088032245636,
-0.1666937917470932,
-0.3018392026424408,
-0.372314453125,
0.2564697265625,
0.4756130576133728,
0.1306220144033432,
0.4480251669883728,
-0.2855224609375,
0.6282551884651184,
0.0728895366191864,
0.3129340410232544,
0.1141357421875,
0.4064466655254364,
-0.1962687224149704,
-0.0474344901740551,
-0.8143988847732544,
0.3748779296875,
0.2198927104473114,
-0.3463033139705658,
0.1958719938993454,
-0.01653851382434368,
0.09082221984863281,
0.540283203125,
0.01019965298473835,
0.616455078125,
0.1598035991191864,
0.1671379953622818,
0.009679158218204975,
0.3172065019607544,
0.3008897602558136,
-0.00807868130505085,
0.0612216517329216,
0.3364936113357544,
-0.1917589008808136,
-0.2280409038066864,
-0.1321071982383728,
-0.2413669228553772,
0.0818023681640625,
0.2973361611366272,
0.6382649540901184,
0.012393315322697163,
0.3409017026424408,
-0.0752427875995636,
0.288330078125,
0.0737033411860466,
0.21282958984375,
-0.3273383378982544,
0.4010959267616272,
-0.19171142578125,
0.298095703125,
-0.1205223947763443,
-0.0021430121269077063,
0.3307897746562958,
-0.3579643964767456,
0.0590413399040699,
-0.0951571986079216,
0.74853515625,
0.3043619692325592,
-0.0454220250248909,
0.13120396435260773,
-0.174072265625,
0.0721096470952034,
-0.0567050501704216,
0.3147481381893158,
0.4035780131816864,
0.0315093994140625,
0.07792070508003235,
0.1573350727558136,
-0.17902882397174835,
-0.014828364364802837,
-0.1815083771944046,
0.337646484375,
-0.0627543106675148,
0.2960747480392456,
0.2646433413028717,
-0.8122829794883728,
-0.3513047993183136,
0.5797255039215088,
0.3506401777267456,
0.2211168110370636,
0.5942654013633728,
0.3411729633808136,
0.0046064588241279125,
0.2631429135799408,
-0.1479661762714386,
-0.1384006142616272,
0.0965169295668602,
-0.0386759452521801,
0.3375379741191864,
-0.040153078734874725,
0.1211615651845932,
0.4264594316482544,
-0.0518934465944767,
-0.1161261647939682,
-0.0858696848154068,
0.2321912944316864,
-0.2837354838848114,
0.2847493588924408,
-0.8322482705116272,
0.15351295471191406,
0.3564724326133728,
-0.4312608540058136,
-0.1458842009305954,
0.4880913496017456,
-0.09314855188131332,
0.1113569438457489,
0.121673583984375,
0.2360975444316864,
0.283111572265625,
0.1190117746591568,
-0.3956434428691864,
0.2301839143037796,
-0.4923502504825592,
0.13494873046875,
0.2867296040058136,
0.5643174648284912,
-0.2061496376991272,
0.24951171875,
-0.1324751079082489,
-0.07552337646484375,
0.1688232421875,
-0.4254557192325592,
0.04034423828125,
-0.556396484375,
0.1381700336933136,
0.5189073085784912,
0.11330752819776535,
0.2532005310058594,
0.1636827290058136,
-0.0727725550532341,
0.2872450053691864,
0.1978624165058136,
-0.3161281943321228,
0.5103352665901184,
-0.0883534774184227,
-0.2098388671875,
0.2071668803691864,
0.00005086262899567373,
-0.136260986328125,
0.1749064177274704,
0.4166802167892456,
-0.2281561940908432,
0.537841796875,
-0.0041639539413154125,
-0.2201605886220932,
-0.4049207866191864,
-0.0033667352981865406,
-0.09820132702589035,
0.2283392995595932,
0.4144015908241272,
-0.04152848944067955,
0.1596611887216568,
-0.0839894637465477,
-0.1106906458735466,
-0.00797186978161335,
-0.0032034979667514563,
0.3104587197303772,
0.3708631694316864,
0.18115234375,
0.3825547993183136,
-0.1914198100566864,
-0.0328877754509449,
-0.009389241226017475,
0.4398871660232544,
0.2102932333946228,
0.5716145634651184,
0.6521267294883728,
-0.6602104902267456,
0.0533786341547966,
0.30645835399627686,
-0.2027994841337204,
-0.4573296308517456,
0.3306884765625,
0.1301320344209671,
-0.3733452558517456,
0.3087565004825592,
0.2958713173866272,
-0.06578932702541351,
-0.3685981035232544,
-0.1952277272939682,
0.1707017719745636,
0.7415907382965088,
-0.2747124433517456,
-0.2705078125,
-0.4422471821308136,
0.0940450057387352,
0.1357964426279068,
0.4455295205116272,
0.1820271760225296,
-0.3155517578125,
-0.2562662661075592,
0.6979438066482544,
-0.0422532819211483,
0.3044162392616272,
0.0440419502556324,
-0.1713189035654068,
0.529296875,
-0.1365526020526886,
0.10601425170898438,
0.52734375,
0.0369957834482193,
0.011757638305425644,
0.3329603374004364,
0.0350477434694767,
-0.07630454003810883,
0.5232747197151184,
0.5284559726715088,
-0.2211507111787796,
-0.0876227468252182,
0.4555935263633728,
0.3375650942325592,
0.6770833134651184,
0.3825141191482544,
-0.0703481063246727,
0.3489447832107544,
0.2528415322303772,
-0.2068006694316864,
0.0046403673477470875,
-0.3673774003982544,
-0.07638677209615707,
0.4200303852558136,
-0.2009633332490921,
0.2142164409160614,
-0.1299879252910614,
0.3110622763633728,
-0.027668846771121025,
0.4406059980392456,
0.0774739608168602,
-0.03087700717151165,
-0.1986490935087204,
-0.0990566685795784,
0.2352973073720932,
0.13480377197265625,
0.4684244692325592,
0.2238633930683136,
-0.126617431640625,
0.2432318776845932,
0.1627604216337204,
0.0990871861577034,
0.2583821713924408,
0.2421027272939682,
0.021625518798828125,
0.0740339457988739,
-0.5000542402267456,
0.2995876669883728,
-0.3448621928691864,
0.3888346254825592,
-0.0773281529545784,
-0.2938910722732544,
0.1502583771944046,
0.0823092982172966,
-0.0500691719353199,
0.3070882260799408,
0.08168665319681168,
0.3634711503982544,
-0.2076348215341568,
0.1884630024433136,
0.3940158486366272,
-0.1766493022441864,
0.10619184374809265,
0.1994221955537796,
-0.2978651225566864,
-0.0468936488032341,
-0.1215616837143898,
0.1262359619140625,
0.1978895366191864,
0.2340969443321228,
-0.0199551060795784,
-0.0471530482172966,
0.3288031816482544,
0.010066562332212925,
-0.1652899831533432,
0.2270473837852478,
0.03616248071193695,
0.6116265058517456,
0.14190673828125,
0.2291463166475296,
0.4461263120174408,
0.11117299646139145,
-0.0555979423224926,
-0.3805135190486908,
-0.06505245715379715,
0.2768012285232544,
0.066436767578125,
-0.0478634312748909,
-0.1414659321308136,
0.2513970136642456,
0.07593706250190735,
-0.2276746928691864,
0.06968985497951508,
-0.2899169921875,
0.019455909729003906,
0.0104539655148983,
0.31364357471466064,
0.2116224467754364,
0.0918952077627182,
0.1853162944316864,
0.4215766191482544,
0.3002115786075592,
0.23291015625,
4.212456703186035,
-0.009075164794921875,
0.1304728239774704,
-0.0975341796875,
-0.049619410187006,
0.4055718183517456,
0.5205620527267456,
-0.3103162944316864,
0.1321580708026886,
0.0623406320810318,
-0.1664835661649704,
0.1533898264169693,
-0.0964389368891716,
0.08315912634134293,
-0.07891634106636047,
0.0523139089345932,
0.6129557490348816,
0.02380795031785965,
-0.0013410779647529125,
0.3472493588924408,
-0.3317735493183136,
0.0866512730717659,
0.3858642578125,
-0.3477647602558136,
0.4485812783241272,
-0.0984887033700943,
0.2248128205537796,
0.0418565534055233,
0.1510348916053772,
0.3470187783241272,
0.1990424245595932,
-0.0733083114027977,
0.1647813618183136,
0.4814453125,
-0.7584092617034912,
0.2616780698299408,
0.2484673410654068,
0.2370639443397522,
-0.1143459752202034,
0.1383090615272522,
-0.0967729389667511,
-0.09371630102396011,
0.5551486611366272,
0.2180040180683136,
0.3476020097732544,
-0.06343761831521988,
-0.0864664688706398,
0.2462971955537796,
-0.4109971821308136,
0.5487196445465088,
-0.1647406667470932,
-0.1238742396235466,
-0.4472113847732544,
-0.2488471120595932,
0.1155378520488739,
0.2831895649433136,
0.0010426839580759406,
0.1139492467045784,
-0.2848985493183136,
0.0602400042116642,
0.0868581160902977,
0.119415283203125,
0.1426256000995636,
0.1817762553691864,
-0.25299072265625,
-0.0589175745844841,
0.265625,
0.1243964284658432,
-0.1843939870595932,
-0.4626600444316864,
0.2643093466758728,
0.2322116494178772,
0.4963785707950592,
-0.1537407785654068,
-0.11006832122802734,
0.1537390798330307,
-0.1511501669883728,
0.4230685830116272,
0.4104817807674408,
-0.1473100483417511,
0.1293436735868454,
-0.046300239861011505,
0.4867350161075592,
0.3367377519607544,
-0.2588568925857544,
0.6057942509651184,
-0.1529812216758728,
0.0867580845952034,
0.3958604633808136,
-0.024932436645030975,
-0.0029939014930278063,
0.1628689169883728,
0.05177222192287445,
0.1817847341299057,
0.0590243861079216,
-0.026706907898187637,
0.10174348950386047,
-4.026041507720947,
0.3460422158241272,
0.1031561940908432,
0.016187455505132675,
0.01844194158911705,
-0.0438520647585392,
0.0042126975022256374,
0.2497829794883728,
-0.5177951455116272,
0.1186319962143898,
-0.0636664479970932,
0.2432725727558136,
-0.2820502519607544,
0.3607856035232544,
0.4375,
-0.1220533549785614,
0.1504550576210022,
0.1744113564491272,
0.4241536557674408,
-0.02687920443713665,
0.2781982421875,
0.5297580361366272,
0.4338107705116272,
-0.17332352697849274,
0.1760338693857193,
0.1879950612783432,
0.17259331047534943,
-0.1912095844745636,
-0.0837673619389534,
0.05372874066233635,
0.2476671040058136,
0.0169050432741642,
0.2995063066482544,
-0.1730143278837204,
0.2430759072303772,
0.2052544504404068,
-0.048866696655750275,
-0.1842176616191864,
0.2598605751991272,
0.3705512285232544,
0.1764661967754364,
0.0637868270277977,
0.408447265625,
0.4022623598575592,
0.03056844137609005,
0.1528184711933136,
0.0017916361102834344,
0.02620781771838665,
-0.1783311665058136,
-0.18157958984375,
0.0595075823366642,
0.1639539897441864,
-0.3994411826133728,
-0.2159423828125,
0.4537489116191864,
0.0400221087038517,
0.4217563271522522,
-0.200347900390625,
0.5116373896598816,
-0.2260470986366272,
0.2984754741191864,
0.0052744545973837376,
-0.03186289593577385,
0.2958916425704956,
0.2270541787147522,
0.152313232421875,
0.4890950620174408,
0.1467759907245636,
0.5137532353401184,
-0.1088968887925148,
0.0540534108877182,
0.409912109375,
-0.01709919422864914,
0.2558051347732544,
0.2725626528263092,
0.0849151611328125,
-0.0434960275888443,
-0.2384372353553772,
0.6680229902267456,
0.2863905131816864,
-0.1314256489276886,
-0.08152304589748383,
-0.1987508088350296,
0.00022379557776730508,
2.455186605453491,
0.3702256977558136,
2.1877169609069824,
0.1222262904047966,
-0.2465006560087204,
0.3319023847579956,
0.1997816264629364,
0.0840538889169693,
0.0148323904722929,
0.2263726145029068,
0.2234429270029068,
0.5188530683517456,
-0.24078369140625,
0.0945773646235466,
-0.1618923544883728,
-0.2747260332107544,
0.4741753339767456,
-0.9256184697151184,
0.06592050939798355,
-0.2745496928691864,
-0.004409154411405325,
-0.1976250559091568,
-0.2339952290058136,
0.4847005307674408,
0.3673502504825592,
0.3536241352558136,
-0.2513970136642456,
0.01668548583984375,
-0.1433037668466568,
-0.0417277030646801,
0.0427042655646801,
-0.4420572817325592,
0.2601318359375,
0.00045267739915288985,
-0.0870174840092659,
0.361572265625,
-0.02138858288526535,
4.713541507720947,
0.11323462426662445,
0.0633544921875,
0.000245041330344975,
-0.2363857626914978,
0.1943155974149704,
0.002132839523255825,
0.026777585968375206,
0.2338799387216568,
-0.1939900666475296,
0.4001329243183136,
0.2086588591337204,
-0.2033962607383728,
0.2196112722158432,
0.2149183452129364,
0.3556179404258728,
0.2000969797372818,
0.3300238847732544,
-0.0753868967294693,
0.1671108603477478,
0.0794677734375,
0.3133612871170044,
0.2511461079120636,
-0.04683537036180496,
0.3821479082107544,
0.2637532651424408,
0.1675279438495636,
0.2911919355392456,
-0.1241234689950943,
0.4144965410232544,
0.5274251103401184,
5.47352409362793,
0.0956319198012352,
0.368408203125,
0.0679779052734375,
-0.050267115235328674,
0.4386935830116272,
-0.3163248598575592,
-0.3281521201133728,
-0.277587890625,
-0.0534311942756176,
-0.2611897885799408,
0.3105265200138092,
0.07434844970703125,
0.2396782785654068,
0.2253282368183136,
-0.1645033061504364,
-0.18017578125,
-0.030584122985601425,
0.08563020825386047,
0.2011243999004364,
0.4835883378982544,
-0.039703369140625,
0.01378716342151165,
-0.5121799111366272,
-0.1457299143075943,
-0.3850640058517456,
-0.1871405690908432,
0.6017116904258728,
-0.0423041433095932,
0.3149007260799408,
0.4344346821308136,
0.3671332597732544,
-0.1368391215801239,
0.4414333701133728,
-0.0074369641952216625,
0.3213161826133728,
0.2294921875,
0.167236328125,
0.1135847270488739,
0.1947428435087204,
0.20770263671875,
0.7319878339767456,
0.11187744140625,
-0.2907240092754364,
-0.5483127236366272,
-0.2446424663066864,
-0.1465861052274704,
0.076263427734375,
0.0097368024289608,
0.1640964150428772,
0.0761447474360466,
-0.3805202841758728,
0.9625651240348816,
-0.0311567522585392,
0.3179931640625,
0.5095486044883728,
0.1119859516620636,
0.14056184887886047,
0.4612901508808136,
-0.1822136789560318,
0.6044921875,
0.08163198083639145,
0.08985476940870285,
0.5226237177848816,
0.0940958634018898,
0.087158203125,
0.1001315638422966,
0.10135480761528015,
0.2863227128982544,
0.02780829556286335,
-0.0271174106746912,
0.4255099892616272,
0.1894683837890625,
0.5903049111366272,
-0.0068800183944404125,
0.3276231586933136,
0.5284830927848816,
0.1255408376455307,
-0.2898746132850647,
-0.1468065083026886,
-0.2286376953125,
-0.6671549677848816,
-0.1382785439491272,
-0.1097140833735466,
-0.0838385671377182,
0.0124833844602108,
-0.1499362587928772,
0.3866916298866272,
0.2372300922870636,
0.33447265625,
0.20501708984375,
0.0359598807990551,
-0.2883843183517456,
0.340232253074646,
0.04445987194776535,
-0.1844211220741272,
0.2373928427696228,
-0.1895921528339386,
-0.1104702427983284,
0.1170603409409523,
-0.09833250939846039,
0.1999647319316864,
0.02022298239171505,
0.0694308802485466,
0.2061970978975296,
-0.1311425119638443,
0.2426283061504364,
-0.14434814453125,
0.025630434975028038,
0.1129845529794693,
0.2796495258808136,
0.2874620258808136,
-0.3911675214767456,
-0.2698839008808136,
-0.1431037038564682
] |
102 | When did construction on I-69 begin? | [
{
"docid": "12827913#57",
"text": "The original plan (in a DEIS prepared by INDOT in 2004, but later dropped) was for I-69 to leave the now-former I-164 alignment somewhere just east of Green River Road (exit 3) and head south (instead of turning west with I-164) for approximately before crossing the Ohio at a point near the mouth of the Green River. This portion of the route had not then been funded, as construction of the new Ohio River crossing and its approaches in both states was expected to cost approximately $800 million. Indiana and Kentucky officials had said construction on the new Ohio River Bridge would not begin until at least 2020, after two new crossings near Louisville were completed. With Indiana then preparing to break ground on SIU 3, Kentucky officials indicated that collecting tolls might be the only feasible option for completing the I-69 bridge, as traditional federal and state funding for such projects were drying up. , neither Kentucky nor Indiana officials had yet come up with the money to plan and construct this I-69 bridge.",
"title": "Interstate 69 in Indiana"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "12827913#61",
"text": "Environmentalists claimed the construction of I-69 would lead to the destruction of of forest and more than of wetlands. The route selected passes through the Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge but on a corridor that the federal government purposely did not acquire for the refuge. This was because of an agreement with the state not to dispute the passage of a highway on this corridor. Environmental groups then filed suit in federal court on October 2, 2006, to block further study and construction of the route, but the lawsuit was dismissed by U.S. District Judge David F. Hamilton on December 12, 2007, clearing the way for construction to begin in 2008. Opponents had considered appealing Judge Hamilton's ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (which could have possibly sent the case to the Supreme Court of the United States), but they ultimately abandoned further legal challenges to the proposed route. Instead, opponents tried to block construction through the legislative process, when Democrats in the Indiana House of Representatives stripped funding for the I-69 extension in their version of the 2008 two-year state budget. Money for I-69 was restored after budget negotiations with the Republican-controlled Indiana Senate.",
"title": "Interstate 69 in Indiana"
},
{
"docid": "12827913#46",
"text": "On December 12, 2007, the FHWA issued its ROD giving final federal approval for construction to begin on the section between I-64/I-164 and SR 64 near Oakland City. INDOT awarded the first SIU 3 construction contract to Gohmann Asphalt and Construction Company of Sellersburg, Indiana, on February 6, 2008. This contract, completed on May 31, 2008, included the removal of buildings and vegetation from the I-69 right-of-way between I-64 and SR 68. Gohmann also won the construction contract for the first from I-64 to SR 68 with a $25 million bid. Construction began with a groundbreaking ceremony in Evansville on July 16, 2008. INDOT built this first section of the extension of I-69 using the design-build method.",
"title": "Interstate 69 in Indiana"
},
{
"docid": "12827913#22",
"text": "On October 24, 2007, INDOT announced a $600 million plan to reconstruct the I-69/I-465 interchange on the northeast side of Indianapolis that included the widening of about of I-69, I-465, and Binford Boulevard. Environmental studies and design work were subsequently undertaken, and construction on the I-69 portion of the project was initially expected to begin in 2012. However, that portion of the plan was later severely scaled back, with the I-69/I-465/Binford Boulevard interchange still awaiting most of the planned major improvements.",
"title": "Interstate 69 in Indiana"
},
{
"docid": "48037616#22",
"text": "Environmental groups and the city of Bloomington have long protested the completion of Interstate 69 through southwest Indiana, and have long favored an alternative route for I-69 that follows I-70 and US-41 through Terre Haute and Vincennes. Their opposition has pitted them against residents in the southwest corner of the state and the cities of Evansville, Petersburg and Washington, which have long supported construction of the highway. Opponents had held up construction of I-69 through southwest Indiana for 40 years through lawsuits, legislative maneuvering, and acts of vandalism. Supporters of the highway have accused opponents of attempting to isolate the southwest corner of Indiana from the remainder of the state with their efforts to block I-69 construction. Ultimately, construction on I-69 began in 2008, and completed between Evansville and Bloomington in December 2015. and construction is underway to upgrade SR 37 to Interstate standards on the Bloomington-Martinsville section was completed in October 2018. The remaining section of I-69 from Martinsville to I-465 on the south side of Indianapolis is scheduled for completion by the end of 2024.",
"title": "Highway revolts in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "1440570#9",
"text": "Construction began in 1988, with the first section built between I-69 and Lafayette Center Road. In June 1989, the US 24 bypass received the I-469 designation. A temporary halt to construction occurred in 1991 when crews unearthed a lock that was once used in the Wabash and Erie Canal while constructing the interchange with US 24 east of New Haven. Upon the highway's completion in 1995, its construction was the most expensive in Allen County's history, with a cost of $207 million. In 1998, US 24 and US 30 were rerouted onto I-69 and I-469. Coliseum Boulevard was to be decommissioned, but due to a lack of local funds to maintain it, INDOT recommissioned that route as SR 930. In 2005, I-469 was given the name Ronald Reagan Expressway, in honor of the former United States president.",
"title": "Interstate 469"
},
{
"docid": "12850656#5",
"text": "The Final Environmental Impact Statement on SIU 13 was completed in April 2006, and the Federal Highway Administration issued a Record of Decision approving the FEIS on May 25, 2006. This segment is currently in the final design phase, with construction expected to cost $784 million. Arkansas further divides SIU 13 into several smaller segments. Construction on the first leg of SIU-13, the eastern leg of the Monticello Bypass between US-425 and US-278 east of Monticello, began in November 2011. The first two lanes of the Monticello Bypass (initially signed as US-278 Bypass) are scheduled to open to traffic on October 11, 2018. In the 2013-2016 STIP, AHTD plans start constructing the western section of the Monticello Bypass from US-425 to US-278 east of Wilmar, including the planned I-69/I-530 interchange in 2017. Additionally, Arkansas submitted a $25 million FASTLane grant application to the Federal Highway Administration in May 2016 to continue design and right-of-way acquisition for the section of I-69 between Monticello and McGehee. In November 2016, AHTD submitted a revision to its FASTLANE grant application requesting additional funds to include construction of the McGehee to Monticello section. According to the 2019-2021 Statewide Transportation Improvement Program, $69 million is planned in Fiscal Year 2022 to begin construction on two lanes of the Monticello-McGhee section, plus an additional $4.9 million allocated in FY-2019 to continue design and right-of-way acquisition for the western section of the Monticello Bypass.",
"title": "Interstate 69 in Arkansas"
},
{
"docid": "12827913#44",
"text": "On October 3, 2006, protest groups, citing environmental concerns, along with six individuals who live along the I-69 corridor, filed a lawsuit in federal court, alleging that state and federal agencies rigged environmental studies and violated several federal laws in the selection of a new-terrain route for I-69. They further pressed the court for a summary ruling directing the FHWA and INDOT to route I-69 over I-70 and US 41. Judge David Hamilton disagreed, and on December 10, 2007, he issued a 58-page ruling upholding the selected route for I-69 and the Tier 1 ROD. His ruling did, however, leave open the possibility that the FHWA and INDOT could be forced to reconsider some or all of the previously-rejected Tier 1 alternatives if there are new significant findings during the Tier 2 studies that were absent from the Tier 1 EIS. Barring any new major findings in the Tier 2 studies, Judge Hamilton's ruling paved the way for construction to begin on the southernmost segment.",
"title": "Interstate 69 in Indiana"
},
{
"docid": "12850650#16",
"text": "The Pennyrile Parkway, Western Kentucky Parkway, and Purchase Parkway were all originally built as toll roads when they opened in the 1960s. As the parkways' construction bonds were paid off, the tolls were removed; the Western Kentucky Parkway became a freeway in 1987, and the other two roads became free in 1992. To fund over $700 million to upgrade substandard segments of the parkways and fund a new $800 million Ohio River crossing for I-69, Kentucky transportation officials had previously considered reinstating tolls on the parkway segments over which I-69 is routed, but ultimately opted to keep I-69 toll-free.",
"title": "Interstate 69 in Kentucky"
},
{
"docid": "12827913#50",
"text": "Construction on Section 5 to upgrade SR 37 through Bloomington to Martinsville to Interstate standards at a cost of $425 million was completed October 31, 2018. Under a public-private partnership, I-69 Development Partners was originally responsible for construction of the section. However, the partnership experienced multiple delays from the original completion date of October 2016 due to financial and other difficulties, including several work stoppages by subcontractors who cited a lack of being paid in the agreed to manner by the private group. On August 14, 2017, the State of Indiana terminated the P3 arrangement with I-69 Development Partners, citing default on the contract terms and construction being delayed two years from the initial October 2016 completion deadline. INDOT assumed direct oversight of Section 5 construction, and contracted with Walsh Construction to serve as the prime contractor for the remainder of the project. Walsh is overseeing several subcontractors retained from the I-69 Development Partners P3 arrangement that are performing the earthworks, structure erection, paving, and other work to complete Section 5. As work wrapped up, the FHWA approved the designation of the highway as Interstate 69 up to Martinsville on September 18, 2018 and signage was installed.",
"title": "Interstate 69 in Indiana"
}
] | [
0.20753063261508942,
-0.061068274080753326,
-0.4783824682235718,
-0.17509599030017853,
-0.2217809557914734,
0.11249472945928574,
0.24537242949008942,
-0.23817582428455353,
-0.04014171287417412,
-0.008259166032075882,
-0.12641213834285736,
-0.31142356991767883,
0.09740655869245529,
-0.1662042737007141,
-0.2625843286514282,
-0.13971224427223206,
0.5697132349014282,
-0.04079991951584816,
-0.14199620485305786,
0.08154574036598206,
-0.10939164459705353,
0.3617498278617859,
-0.061680879443883896,
-0.10235040634870529,
-0.0420709103345871,
0.10832127928733826,
-0.19544081389904022,
0.05935044586658478,
0.006801952142268419,
0.4050403833389282,
0.37339088320732117,
-0.11675470322370529,
-0.22179065644741058,
0.3174937963485718,
-0.4162153899669647,
0.3998579680919647,
0.17141446471214294,
0.2753240466117859,
-0.4215087890625,
0.23729358613491058,
-0.08996235579252243,
-0.14193448424339294,
0.31665316224098206,
0.014558878727257252,
0.7121360301971436,
0.02222234569489956,
0.14941926300525665,
-0.13018937408924103,
-0.07766446471214294,
0.5088778138160706,
-0.19978471100330353,
-0.2985284924507141,
0.03498701751232147,
0.046981118619441986,
-0.4577192962169647,
0.6797319054603577,
-0.44986239075660706,
0.7181729674339294,
-0.08924172073602676,
-0.25595924258232117,
0.09024984389543533,
-0.13906027376651764,
-0.1397039294242859,
-0.023503391072154045,
-0.06987693160772324,
0.095489501953125,
-0.075347900390625,
0.17822612822055817,
0.43704500794410706,
0.09627828001976013,
0.2813609838485718,
0.5076904296875,
0.4090465307235718,
0.29928311705589294,
0.06986722350120544,
-0.3825239837169647,
-0.22010387480258942,
0.2874901592731476,
0.3063521087169647,
-0.44264915585517883,
0.16998013854026794,
-0.2832142114639282,
0.2731822729110718,
0.36197176575660706,
-0.007890874519944191,
0.32559481263160706,
-0.0716552734375,
0.14842639863491058,
0.301025390625,
0.5324262976646423,
0.34165260195732117,
0.11523853987455368,
0.026523936539888382,
0.0732165277004242,
0.4534357190132141,
0.3502793610095978,
0.0981646478176117,
-0.4380437731742859,
0.14033716917037964,
-0.2665571868419647,
0.12891735136508942,
-0.22263960540294647,
-0.017299998551607132,
0.35635653138160706,
-0.11773750931024551,
-0.36281517148017883,
-0.21477438509464264,
0.19068075716495514,
0.6077547669410706,
0.3802379369735718,
0.5425248742103577,
-0.28372469544410706,
0.16326904296875,
-0.607177734375,
0.11865945160388947,
0.30160245299339294,
0.2659440338611603,
-0.20297041535377502,
-0.28872403502464294,
-0.9203214049339294,
0.2610584497451782,
0.2794744372367859,
-0.1364690661430359,
-0.23688437044620514,
0.2735429108142853,
-0.2615523040294647,
0.3140980005264282,
0.16517777740955353,
0.6924272179603577,
0.7109153270721436,
-0.07264883071184158,
0.5095880627632141,
-0.11409690231084824,
0.5992986559867859,
0.020721089094877243,
-0.1275249868631363,
0.28200462460517883,
-0.3595081567764282,
-0.5056374073028564,
-0.4360906481742859,
-0.1779424548149109,
-0.2580254375934601,
0.1620025634765625,
0.516364336013794,
-0.2452947497367859,
0.1745660901069641,
0.16560086607933044,
0.4881480932235718,
-0.2309015393257141,
0.2090863287448883,
0.4310857653617859,
0.39997032284736633,
-0.17750687897205353,
0.4122203588485718,
-0.28115013241767883,
0.049533843994140625,
0.5043057799339294,
0.04100591316819191,
0.18177379667758942,
0.02416541427373886,
0.7787198424339294,
0.3399769067764282,
-0.16850973665714264,
0.17718228697776794,
0.1649724841117859,
0.1575157791376114,
-0.05424915626645088,
0.5025967955589294,
0.5232155323028564,
-0.09979248046875,
-0.1866510510444641,
0.10181357711553574,
0.5163795948028564,
-0.31875887513160706,
0.02325647510588169,
0.16127395629882812,
-0.4260808825492859,
-0.19501842558383942,
0.2628062963485718,
0.48703834414482117,
0.1783447265625,
0.18492819368839264,
-0.2782037854194641,
-0.0099173029884696,
0.5732200145721436,
0.23347611725330353,
0.3097478747367859,
-0.2857568860054016,
0.017062099650502205,
0.03628123924136162,
-0.05888991057872772,
0.2366083264350891,
0.4939408600330353,
-0.16939197480678558,
-0.013006037101149559,
0.3272594213485718,
0.31606224179267883,
0.10965867340564728,
-0.20870555937290192,
0.20698685944080353,
0.12279996275901794,
0.23368696868419647,
-0.36661043763160706,
-0.0045795440673828125,
0.36483487486839294,
-0.19440573453903198,
-0.21625588834285736,
0.4287220239639282,
-0.049573030322790146,
-0.23939929902553558,
-0.25705787539482117,
0.06361978501081467,
0.35556861758232117,
0.30244410037994385,
-0.094482421875,
0.00973996240645647,
0.199554443359375,
-0.015013261698186398,
0.4377885162830353,
-0.318359375,
-0.6232244372367859,
0.35628995299339294,
-0.12721391022205353,
0.0613861083984375,
0.18044210970401764,
-0.08729761093854904,
-0.18441495299339294,
-0.05556834861636162,
0.2429693341255188,
0.35287198424339294,
0.32164695858955383,
0.23424044251441956,
0.23520730435848236,
-0.3909801244735718,
0.4972700774669647,
0.38394442200660706,
0.3052534759044647,
-0.2892400622367859,
-0.2645707428455353,
0.049801912158727646,
0.47412109375,
0.06208662688732147,
-0.13989119231700897,
-0.0016507235122844577,
0.31319913268089294,
0.05106700584292412,
0.40090665221214294,
0.3315485119819641,
-0.14379744231700897,
-0.16982199251651764,
0.21494363248348236,
0.09668107330799103,
0.22756680846214294,
0.17262406647205353,
-0.32327547669410706,
0.290283203125,
0.16510009765625,
0.026181308552622795,
0.2885076403617859,
-0.028786052018404007,
0.29206258058547974,
0.6170321106910706,
0.3285577893257141,
0.3753551244735718,
-0.17103160917758942,
-0.11850807815790176,
0.22865988314151764,
0.3529163599014282,
0.10433543473482132,
0.1156512200832367,
0.5379527807235718,
-0.17183060944080353,
0.015433918684720993,
0.12778820097446442,
-0.13038219511508942,
-0.010377883911132812,
-0.08565659821033478,
0.15449246764183044,
0.04048295319080353,
-0.10322847962379456,
0.09486666321754456,
-0.133446604013443,
-0.2630615234375,
0.2508087158203125,
0.057074807584285736,
0.31045809388160706,
-0.4136185944080353,
0.16418109834194183,
-0.05598588287830353,
0.0849657952785492,
0.32327547669410706,
0.40389737486839294,
-0.3244795501232147,
-0.5955477356910706,
0.08303937315940857,
0.03430037200450897,
0.3769087493419647,
0.11625809967517853,
0.08101029694080353,
-0.3538707494735718,
0.4915604889392853,
-0.39626243710517883,
-0.16428445279598236,
0.2900109589099884,
0.10443288832902908,
-0.12909351289272308,
-0.20901212096214294,
-0.09651877731084824,
0.043304443359375,
0.6598677039146423,
0.1615239977836609,
-0.49806907773017883,
-0.2742809057235718,
0.417724609375,
0.41774681210517883,
0.2817244231700897,
0.45132723450660706,
-0.020824085921049118,
0.39676180481910706,
0.19404186308383942,
0.10542435944080353,
0.05391727760434151,
-0.22189053893089294,
0.07079523056745529,
0.03960730880498886,
-0.5871692895889282,
0.18235640227794647,
-0.5721768736839294,
0.5160245299339294,
0.12561868131160736,
0.2527354955673218,
-0.14732222259044647,
-0.1215924322605133,
-0.34413841366767883,
-0.006622693967074156,
0.15415261685848236,
0.006824840325862169,
0.9290216565132141,
0.08819510787725449,
-0.11820013076066971,
-0.10954007506370544,
0.14888139069080353,
-0.10744268447160721,
0.15318436920642853,
0.2616410553455353,
-0.18191251158714294,
0.234588623046875,
0.5961026549339294,
0.4525701403617859,
0.14384599030017853,
-0.15313929319381714,
0.5872691869735718,
-0.3817027807235718,
0.01104736328125,
0.25802335143089294,
0.4845747649669647,
-0.3833451569080353,
0.39400967955589294,
0.3444158434867859,
-0.35690030455589294,
0.08594105392694473,
0.23478005826473236,
0.5272105932235718,
0.2562699615955353,
0.6334783434867859,
0.2825469970703125,
-0.42580345273017883,
-0.2719837427139282,
-0.14185680449008942,
0.01728534698486328,
0.7844016551971436,
0.036572542041540146,
0.24928976595401764,
-0.0007090134895406663,
-0.4477095305919647,
-0.20865701138973236,
0.08043184876441956,
0.3752552270889282,
0.4246715307235718,
0.4812677502632141,
0.2613081634044647,
0.2885298430919647,
0.10094035416841507,
0.07068703323602676,
-0.3936767578125,
-0.07751742005348206,
0.08059137314558029,
0.06817210465669632,
0.3940873444080353,
-0.26145240664482117,
-0.047949012368917465,
0.16365467011928558,
0.0018823797581717372,
0.33609840273857117,
-0.4468550384044647,
-0.06437163054943085,
-0.20409323275089264,
-0.010345458984375,
0.453369140625,
-0.015049674548208714,
-0.19309234619140625,
0.6627752184867859,
0.2938676178455353,
0.2670843005180359,
4.1418681144714355,
0.20998312532901764,
0.16857077181339264,
-0.09033341705799103,
-0.19425271451473236,
0.419158935546875,
0.2681329846382141,
-0.23898038268089294,
-0.0059405239298939705,
-0.21439985930919647,
-0.19711026549339294,
0.14816561341285706,
-0.04834955558180809,
0.1720740646123886,
-0.11219579726457596,
0.27425870299339294,
0.3109907805919647,
-0.04771978035569191,
0.3302112817764282,
0.6720081567764282,
-0.27036353945732117,
0.4534135162830353,
0.462158203125,
0.1013336181640625,
0.124755859375,
-0.174652099609375,
0.4326282739639282,
0.08848988264799118,
0.32602760195732117,
0.4067826569080353,
0.21348710358142853,
0.22065319120883942,
-0.12844432890415192,
0.013864343985915184,
-0.7672674059867859,
0.7179065942764282,
0.26699551939964294,
0.16951751708984375,
-0.15119795501232147,
-0.21047140657901764,
-0.13788118958473206,
-0.025577891618013382,
0.1456701159477234,
0.30765047669410706,
-0.09348366409540176,
-0.10065252333879471,
0.17224502563476562,
0.41519442200660706,
0.20745016634464264,
-0.0941995307803154,
0.0909014642238617,
-0.1160559207201004,
-0.08927986770868301,
-0.03230077400803566,
0.11005470901727676,
0.5436567664146423,
0.24793590605258942,
0.3014970123767853,
0.2594105005264282,
0.4183460474014282,
0.05020696297287941,
0.14532470703125,
-0.061785612255334854,
-0.021099437028169632,
-0.25750455260276794,
0.21078214049339294,
-0.14601273834705353,
-0.14083029329776764,
-0.1583355963230133,
0.1192944273352623,
0.3404651880264282,
0.3355269134044647,
0.38644132018089294,
-0.2911376953125,
-0.17850008606910706,
0.29304227232933044,
-0.3323308825492859,
-0.0020925349090248346,
-0.23359818756580353,
0.11347337067127228,
-0.03312544524669647,
-0.10612071305513382,
-0.08178606629371643,
0.1475774645805359,
-0.025827407836914062,
0.5565074682235718,
0.40793678164482117,
0.22446788847446442,
0.6886541247367859,
0.3149968981742859,
0.4100230932235718,
-0.381103515625,
0.17140474915504456,
0.17092062532901764,
0.3033641576766968,
0.2381841540336609,
0.3080277740955353,
-3.9337713718414307,
0.433837890625,
0.017014937475323677,
-0.18894819915294647,
0.1116943359375,
-0.00392775097861886,
-0.08595830947160721,
0.028069885447621346,
-0.2584783434867859,
0.08891382813453674,
-0.12694896757602692,
0.05973416939377785,
-0.2290704846382141,
0.37624290585517883,
0.08593194931745529,
0.09872991591691971,
0.5862703919410706,
0.3567338287830353,
0.21426114439964294,
-0.027564309537410736,
-0.3206343352794647,
0.35471412539482117,
0.3374689221382141,
0.03777226433157921,
0.09475569427013397,
0.24434591829776764,
0.3140751123428345,
-0.08911271393299103,
0.20224276185035706,
0.18603238463401794,
-0.03372747078537941,
-0.15413080155849457,
0.32228782773017883,
-0.14387650787830353,
0.36159446835517883,
0.7476917505264282,
0.10972456634044647,
-0.22845458984375,
0.292724609375,
0.07044020295143127,
-0.4683060944080353,
-0.20187100768089294,
0.43386009335517883,
0.11384305357933044,
0.18178488314151764,
0.072424978017807,
-0.14162930846214294,
-0.11671586334705353,
-0.04045313224196434,
0.388427734375,
-0.29115989804267883,
-0.05534380301833153,
-0.2989058196544647,
-0.33322975039482117,
0.47170189023017883,
-0.11813077330589294,
-0.1576523333787918,
-0.12551194429397583,
-0.06835131347179413,
0.21667757630348206,
0.30398282408714294,
-0.022715307772159576,
0.11504849791526794,
0.5355557799339294,
0.38241854310035706,
-0.13202320039272308,
0.012861772440373898,
0.4362903833389282,
-0.06845925003290176,
-0.20623432099819183,
0.33189114928245544,
-0.03627118095755577,
0.33799049258232117,
-0.12362115830183029,
0.6072664856910706,
0.4320845305919647,
-0.12496497482061386,
0.006999904289841652,
0.5705122351646423,
0.14498849213123322,
-0.13793598115444183,
-0.1404973864555359,
-0.4535022974014282,
0.30007103085517883,
2.396928310394287,
0.32363060116767883,
2.146928310394287,
0.2571161389350891,
0.2942233383655548,
0.6095969676971436,
-0.26848098635673523,
-0.0953930914402008,
0.146484375,
0.12891249358654022,
0.018025485798716545,
0.0077639492228627205,
-0.06871137022972107,
0.2581010162830353,
-0.004032481927424669,
-0.058648888021707535,
0.3651899993419647,
-1.0328923463821411,
0.34378883242607117,
-0.5184437036514282,
0.40292081236839294,
0.09601385146379471,
-0.1959894299507141,
0.15144486725330353,
0.28922340273857117,
-0.42850008606910706,
-0.09562613815069199,
-0.06253225356340408,
-0.13728679716587067,
0.01490382757037878,
-0.5772371888160706,
0.2606866955757141,
0.0889105349779129,
0.02821904979646206,
0.10802113264799118,
0.3254283666610718,
0.14892578125,
4.752840995788574,
0.3318536877632141,
-0.2927356958389282,
-0.006982976570725441,
-0.07654250413179398,
0.42822265625,
0.43674537539482117,
0.010686701163649559,
0.26767799258232117,
-0.09100878983736038,
0.2918701171875,
0.40940162539482117,
-0.00025177001953125,
-0.024186568334698677,
0.5201526880264282,
0.07580358535051346,
0.44069603085517883,
0.18644852936267853,
0.06354176253080368,
0.045693136751651764,
0.2684991955757141,
0.3757990002632141,
0.49520596861839294,
-0.17782697081565857,
-0.4823108911514282,
0.012666181661188602,
0.17606423795223236,
-0.3216663599014282,
-0.014189979992806911,
-0.10589876770973206,
-0.07381300628185272,
5.455255508422852,
-0.17044344544410706,
-0.06235850974917412,
0.10035064071416855,
0.022886188700795174,
0.37331321835517883,
-0.2586780786514282,
0.6103737354278564,
-0.4093572497367859,
-0.2598766088485718,
-0.25958251953125,
-0.5564630627632141,
-0.051268838346004486,
0.17002123594284058,
0.18325528502464294,
0.15781784057617188,
-0.3130548596382141,
-0.05693192780017853,
0.3092845678329468,
-0.08413141220808029,
0.4401134252548218,
0.0014315518783405423,
0.06939697265625,
-0.8061967492103577,
-0.6664151549339294,
0.2650104761123657,
0.04133190959692001,
0.32309791445732117,
0.05418439209461212,
0.13383397459983826,
0.22645153105258942,
0.09519334137439728,
-0.009337685070931911,
0.1917412430047989,
0.0009807239985093474,
0.34169700741767883,
0.4396528899669647,
0.003931218758225441,
0.1255236566066742,
0.08747759461402893,
0.3494096100330353,
0.4157738983631134,
-0.3974054455757141,
0.24931196868419647,
0.07015106827020645,
0.3354603052139282,
-0.021148420870304108,
0.14695046842098236,
0.08145558089017868,
0.10734419524669647,
-0.13335071504116058,
0.18734325468540192,
1.1204279661178589,
-0.0046857488341629505,
0.4414783716201782,
0.18110240995883942,
0.08106959611177444,
-0.41257545351982117,
-0.3859197497367859,
-0.02817743457853794,
0.2556651830673218,
0.17832253873348236,
-0.013670227490365505,
0.4563765227794647,
0.6712535619735718,
0.5347345471382141,
-0.13441605865955353,
-0.09045132994651794,
0.36924049258232117,
-0.45534446835517883,
-0.04186040535569191,
0.5120738744735718,
0.08691909164190292,
0.11794488877058029,
-0.028342507779598236,
0.3360595703125,
0.09093648940324783,
-0.3735906481742859,
-0.09364266693592072,
0.10641340911388397,
-0.038318417966365814,
-0.2901611328125,
-0.3586536645889282,
0.2016962170600891,
0.027111053466796875,
-0.0018241188954561949,
0.13702774047851562,
-0.274169921875,
0.5970903038978577,
-0.3234086334705353,
0.07400789856910706,
0.05565886199474335,
0.07179676741361618,
0.27030250430107117,
0.35105201601982117,
0.19757080078125,
0.2589666247367859,
-0.02764892578125,
-0.055877685546875,
-0.08317982405424118,
-0.089202880859375,
0.0012106462381780148,
-0.26139137148857117,
-0.14973588287830353,
0.12693648040294647,
0.15703652799129486,
-0.27120694518089294,
0.07244665175676346,
-0.4717240631580353,
-0.07751499861478806,
0.486328125,
0.35970237851142883,
0.2576793432235718,
-0.025649331510066986,
0.019951896741986275
] |
103 | In what city did Abel Posse grow up? | [
{
"docid": "11037532#5",
"text": "Abel Parentini Posse was born on 7 January 1934, in the Argentine city of Córdoba where he only lived the first two years of his life. Two years after birth the family moved to the capital city of Buenos Aires due to his father's work commitments. His mother, Elba Alicia Posse, belonged to the creole landed oligarchy of Galician descent who held vast sugar mill estates in the North West province of Tucuman. Amongst the influential members of the Posse clan in the 19th century, the liberal Julio Argentino Roca stands out, twice president of the republic from 1880 to 1886 and also 1898 to 1904 (3). Posse fictionalized 19th century Tucuman in his novel El inquietante día de la vida (2001), where two distant family relatives are the protagonists; his maternal great-grandfather, Felipe Segundo Posse, and Julio Victor Posse, patron of the arts in the sugar producing province until the 1940s.",
"title": "Abel Posse"
},
{
"docid": "11037532#6",
"text": "The novelist's father, Ernesto Parentini, a porteño of Italian parents, was one of the founders of Artistas Argentinos Asociados and was the producer of the legendary feature film La guerra gaucha (1942), based on the text by the poet Leopoldo Lugones. The young Abel Posse grew up in the Argentine capital near Rivadavia street, and given his father's profession was exposed to the artistic and cultural milieu this most sophisticated of the South American capitals had to offer. The “Queen of the River Plate”, as Buenos Aires came to be known, fascinated the young man, (4) and his memories are evoked in his novel Los demonios ocultos (1987).\nHe was able to mingle with the glamorous stars of Argentine show business, like Chas de Cruz, Pierina Dealessi, Ulises Petit de Murat, Muñoz Azpiri, the writer of radioplays which were performed by Eva Duarte (de Perón), as well as the tango composers Aníbal Troilo and Homero Manzi. Such were the family connections to show business that one of his aunts, Esmeralda Leiva de Heredia, better known as “La Jardín”, was an actress friend of Eva Duarte. (5) Growing up in this environment enabled him to obtain an almost encyclopaedic knowledge of the tango repertoire and its culture, (6) which imbues his novel La reina del Plata (1988).",
"title": "Abel Posse"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "11037532#10",
"text": "After graduating, Posse decided to travel to Europe. Thanks to a university scholarship, he undertook doctoral studies in Political Sciences at La Sorbonne in Paris. A few months prior to his travels, he published his first poem, “Invocación al fantasma de mi infancia muerta”, in the literary supplement of El Mundo (16). While in Europe, he crossed the Alps on motorbike in order to visit his sister in Italy. \nIn this period he deepened his knowledge of the poetry of Hölderlin, Rilke and Trakl (17). During his stay in Paris he listened to Sartre, he had as professors eminent French political scientists of the time (Duverger, Hauriou, Rivarol) and also met Pablo Neruda (18). During his stay in the “City of Light” he fell in love with a German student, Wienke Sabine Langenheim, his future wife, who would play an important role in his literary formation, guiding his readings of German literature and philosophy which infuse his works. In 1961 he spent two semesters in Tübingen, Germany, the home of Hölderlin. That same year, his poem, “En la tumba de Georg Trakl”, the first ever text signed as Abel Posse, was awarded the Rene Bastianini prize of the SADE in Buenos Aires. During his stay in Tübingen he read Hölderlin, Nietzsche and Heidegger (19). It was also here that he began writing his first novel, Los bogavantes, which he would finish in 1967.",
"title": "Abel Posse"
},
{
"docid": "11037532#12",
"text": "Abel Posse's only son, Ivan, was born in Moscow in January 1967. At this time in the Russian capital he also finished writing his first novel, Los bogavantes, set in Paris and Seville, centered on a trio of characters, two of whom are students and one a Foreign Service employee, embodying the ideological tensions of the early 1960s. This neo-realist novel played an important part in his literary career. Under the pseudonym of Arnaut Daniel, Posse submitted it to the 1968 Planeta Prize. It featured amongst the four finalists, and although it had been virtually declared the winner by the judges José Manuel de Lara and Baltasar Porcel, under Francoist pressure the judges had to overturn their decision, due to some charged erotic scenes, but above all because of its critical and ironical references to the regime's military. Once it had been published in 1970 by Editorial Brújula in Argentina, thanks to the support of Ernesto Sabato and Posse's father, and after it received the Sash of Honour of the SADE, Los bogavantes was later published in Barcelona in 1975 where it was the object of Francoist censorship. All 5000 copies were purged of two pages which ridiculed the masculinity of army officers. This singular publishing episode (22) brought him under the attention of those who were the leading literary publishers of the time, Carlos Barral and Carmen Balcells; the latter would become his literary agent.",
"title": "Abel Posse"
},
{
"docid": "11037532#2",
"text": "Abel Parentini Posse carried out uninterrupted diplomatic duties for the Argentine Foreign Service from 1966 until 2004. After his studies in Law at the University of Buenos Aires and political sciences at La Sorbonne in Paris, Posse returned to Buenos Aires where he worked as a lawyer for several years. He entered the Foreign Service through entrance exams in 1965. His initial postings were to the Argentine embassy in Moscow (1966–1969) and Lima (1969-1970); he was later Consul General in Venice (1973–1979) and then director of the Argentine Cultural Centre in Paris (1981–1985), and then posted to the embassy in Tel-Aviv (1985–1988). President Carlos Saul Menem conferred him the title of Ambassador in 1990, which he carried out in Czechoslovakia (1990–1992), the Czech Republic (1992–1996), Peru (1998–2000), Denmark (2000–2002), at UNESCO (2002) and Spain (2002–2004). In 1994 he was honoured with the Konex-Prize Merit Diploma.",
"title": "Abel Posse"
},
{
"docid": "11037532#7",
"text": "The imagination of the young Posse was awakened and nurtured by the father's personal library. (7) When he was eight he wrote and illustrated little books he would sell to his grandmother, who lived in the same apartment complex. (8) He undertook his primary education at the Colegio La Salle (9) and his secondary education between 1946 and 1952 at the prestigious Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires. (10) During these formative years in his intellectual development he began close friendships with people who would usher him into Buenos Aires literary circles, such as Rogelio Bazán, the translator of Georg Trakl. Posse would later dedicate a poetic tribute to the German bard.",
"title": "Abel Posse"
},
{
"docid": "11037532#9",
"text": "Posse studied at the Law Faculty in Buenos Aires until 1958. Apart from his studies “lectured by fascist-Peronist professors” (12) who bored him, he lived the “night life” fiesta of Buenos Aires, a city which in those days was home to the most important publishing houses in the Spanish speaking world and also to exiled writers and intellectuals of the Spanish Civil War. According to Posse, his night time meetings and conversations in Buenos Aires cafés allowed him to deepen his knowledge of Russian and French literature, German philosophy and oriental spiritualism. In this rich bohemian environment he met Jorge Luis Borges, Eduardo Mallea, Ezequiel Martínez Estrada, Ricardo Molinari, Manuel Mujica Lainez, Ramón Gomez de la Serna and Rafael Alberti (13). He became close friends with the poets Conrado Nalé Roxlo and Carlos Mastronardi, as well as Borges, who opened the doors for him of the SADE and who would later help him to publish his first short stories and poems in the daily El Mundo. \nIn those years Posse became attracted to Peronist ideas. Although he had been born into an anti-Peronist family, the huge public demonstration of 17 October 1945 had left a lasting impression (14), as had the strength of Evita and her ability to bring life into the movement, together with the open public grieving aroused by her funeral in 1952. These years of university life and above all of the night life in Buenos Aires are depicted by Posse as a true “golden age” which he recreates in certain passages of La reina del Plata (1988) and La pasión segun Eva (1994), a fictional biography which conveys the last days of Eva Perón. After having undertaken his military service in 1955, during the anti-Peronist Revolución Libertadora, Posse completed his university studies in 1958. That same year, he wrote a screenplay, “La cumparsa” (The troupe), which was given an award by the National Institute of Cinematography; set in Patagonia, the troupe is composed of a group of sheep shearers who turn out to be a veritable court of miracles. (15)",
"title": "Abel Posse"
},
{
"docid": "11037532#13",
"text": "Abel Posse was posted to Peru in 1969 and appointed cultural secretary of the embassy in Lima. For him Peru represented the discovery of Inca culture, the “revelation of the Americas” (23) which compelled him to identify himself with his creole roots of North-Western Argentina (24). A visit to Machu Picchu inspired a long poem of 240 verses, Celebración de Machu Picchu, which he wrote in Cuzco in 1970 and published much later in Venice in 1977. Also in 1970 he wrote his most ambitious poetical piece, Celebración del desamparo, which was amongst the finalists of the Maldoror Poetry Prize although Posse decided against publishing it. In those years he read José María Arguedas and the great Cuban stylists: Alejo Carpentier, Lezama Lima and Severo Sarduy. He also researched the life of Argentina's national independence hero, General José de San Martín, and in 1971 was admitted to the Instituto Sanmartiniano de Lima. In Peru he also wrote his second novel, La boca del tigre (1971), inspired by his personal experiences in the Soviet Union. This novel, clearly influenced by Ernesto Sabato's neo-realist style of fiction, helped the author to articulate his distrust of the overbearing ideologies of the time, in order to criticize the exercise of power in the contemporary world and to reflect on the place of the individual in that historical juncture. This thematic concern foreshadowed the ideas about history in his later novel Daimon. La boca del tigre, which received the third National Prize of Argentine Literature, hints at his initial musings on the notion of Amerincaness (americanidad). (25) The influence that the Argentine philosopher and anthropologist Rodolfo Günther Kusch would have on Posse's fiction and indeed his own worldview after his encounter with him and his readings of La seducción de la babarie (1953) and América profunda (1962). Consequently, Kusch's thought on the fundamental ontological and cultural antagonism between the West's homo faber with the americano “man of being” and the symbiotic relationship of Amerindians with the Cosmos (“the Open”) was to become a leitmotif in Posse's work, and particularly in his “Trilogy of the Discovery of America”.",
"title": "Abel Posse"
},
{
"docid": "11037532#20",
"text": "Copenhagen (2001–2002)\nIn 2001 Posse published El inquietante día de la vida, which received the Literary Prize of the Argentine Academy of Letters for the period 1998-2001. The protagonist is Felipe Segundo Posse, based on a real life ancestor of his who was heir to a vast estate of sugar mills in Tucuman province in the late 19th century. The story begins when he is diagnosed with tuberculosis and decides to abandon his family by travelling to Buenos Aires and then on to Egypt in search of the poet Rimbaud. The novel also fictionalizes historical characters like Domingo F. Sarmiento, Julio A. Roca and Nicolás Avellaneda while celebrating Argentina's development at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.",
"title": "Abel Posse"
},
{
"docid": "11037532#4",
"text": "Since his retirement from the Argentine Foreign Service and his return to Argentina in 2004, Posse became an ardent critic of the policies of Nestor Kirchner and his wife Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, former President of Argentina, both in his opinion pieces in the press as well as in political activities. In 2007 he backed the presidential candidature of Eduardo Duhalde, while in the same year he was a candidate in the senate ticket of Roberto Lavagna for the City of Buenos Aires. Toward the end of 2009, he was named Minister of Education of the City of Buenos Aires by Mauricio Macri (newly elected President of the country), replacing Mariano Narodwski. His posting caused a scandal due to a controversial piece he published on 10 December in La Nación (1). In this article, not only did he judge the Kirchner policies as inefficient in relation to law and order issues, but Posse also accused the Kirchners of ideological closeness to the armed left-wing militants of the 1970s (an ideology he has rejected in many of his texts) and of only telling one side of the story of the last military dictatorship. This text ignited a wave of protests in broad sectors of the left, including union and student organizations, as well as in social media, and in various newspaper outlets such as Página 12, who insisted that part of his diplomatic career had been under the watch of the previous military dictatorship. Given the intensity of these protests, Posse resigned from this post 11 days after his appointment.",
"title": "Abel Posse"
}
] | [
0.16209156811237335,
-0.0792032852768898,
-0.7928263545036316,
0.3622538149356842,
0.2884775698184967,
-0.4128926694393158,
0.2427927702665329,
-0.3234049379825592,
0.15725834667682648,
0.333587646484375,
-0.3511810302734375,
-0.17639923095703125,
-0.5758463740348816,
-0.21288426220417023,
-0.21292416751384735,
-0.4276224672794342,
0.5669758915901184,
0.167938232421875,
-0.1560770720243454,
0.2574411928653717,
0.1418304443359375,
0.51226806640625,
-0.267974853515625,
0.12512969970703125,
0.023334503173828125,
0.2953453063964844,
-0.23663330078125,
0.5045979619026184,
-0.06203969195485115,
0.2002360075712204,
0.23241932690143585,
-0.1217091903090477,
0.0917414054274559,
0.540618896484375,
-0.78759765625,
0.481231689453125,
-0.0309778843075037,
0.21014404296875,
0.7362467646598816,
0.2947184145450592,
0.046298980712890625,
0.1837971955537796,
0.6352946162223816,
-0.3917439877986908,
0.2547403872013092,
0.3941243588924408,
-0.1383260041475296,
0.2984517514705658,
-0.41769155859947205,
0.41685613989830017,
-0.434326171875,
0.1588338166475296,
0.2416890412569046,
-0.09147516638040543,
-0.3829803466796875,
0.186737060546875,
-0.24919605255126953,
0.361968994140625,
0.012713432312011719,
-0.016452154144644737,
0.4043782651424408,
-0.058704376220703125,
-0.2410125732421875,
0.10295995324850082,
-0.21438217163085938,
-0.024176359176635742,
0.2574920654296875,
0.2157999724149704,
0.5266367793083191,
0.1714935302734375,
0.21253712475299835,
0.3228658139705658,
0.4713948667049408,
-0.333038330078125,
-0.0175501499325037,
-0.3568318784236908,
0.1971588134765625,
0.2685788571834564,
0.18116505444049835,
0.1789989471435547,
0.5576985478401184,
-0.2773844301700592,
-0.09501150995492935,
0.2787068784236908,
-0.09437815099954605,
0.7078857421875,
0.015209197998046875,
-0.011122102849185467,
0.07887744903564453,
0.6307576298713684,
-0.3231404721736908,
0.08981042355298996,
-0.030242284759879112,
0.18120892345905304,
-0.10650380700826645,
0.7939656376838684,
0.425537109375,
-0.06660524755716324,
0.2649078369140625,
-0.21795654296875,
0.1150665283203125,
-0.265899658203125,
-0.2431742399930954,
0.2892354428768158,
0.30169677734375,
-0.31536865234375,
-0.4555625915527344,
0.4524129331111908,
0.062150318175554276,
0.2055206298828125,
0.2400360107421875,
-0.13238303363323212,
0.04528554156422615,
0.0324045829474926,
0.13145573437213898,
0.057147979736328125,
0.7760213017463684,
-0.20550537109375,
0.07926686853170395,
-0.72821044921875,
0.4202880859375,
0.23692958056926727,
-0.2364400178194046,
-0.09072494506835938,
-0.1810200959444046,
0.11306063085794449,
0.6210123896598816,
0.03533395007252693,
0.581787109375,
0.360443115234375,
-0.30984243750572205,
0.2933858335018158,
0.10891834646463394,
0.6708984375,
0.0921681746840477,
0.32766151428222656,
0.18577830493450165,
-0.024923959746956825,
-0.0334676094353199,
-0.1463743895292282,
-0.4544576108455658,
0.1552308350801468,
0.3824106752872467,
0.41479364037513733,
0.1459401398897171,
0.3433431088924408,
-0.04473431780934334,
0.2549406588077545,
0.14033763110637665,
0.4969482421875,
-0.1115010604262352,
-0.25280889868736267,
-0.053971607238054276,
0.48138427734375,
0.08538818359375,
-0.015431086532771587,
0.10059038549661636,
0.3099365234375,
-0.2996724545955658,
0.29125213623046875,
0.7491047978401184,
0.3143412172794342,
0.08153978735208511,
-0.345489501953125,
0.4486643373966217,
-0.08961740881204605,
-0.3664754331111908,
0.354705810546875,
0.5281982421875,
-0.1951395720243454,
-0.4340616762638092,
-0.027702966704964638,
0.379425048828125,
0.1419016569852829,
0.2690010070800781,
0.07355181127786636,
-0.15961582958698273,
-0.10070482641458511,
0.4951375424861908,
-0.07355626672506332,
-0.05336316302418709,
0.2940673828125,
0.3317362368106842,
-0.017140069976449013,
0.4215901792049408,
0.30279541015625,
0.14252980053424835,
0.06521860510110855,
-0.199676513671875,
0.18939025700092316,
0.05031617358326912,
0.2780831754207611,
0.6610005497932434,
-0.5414631962776184,
0.31489816308021545,
-0.0599818229675293,
-0.06041209027171135,
0.38006591796875,
-0.0899861678481102,
0.15506362915039062,
0.49609375,
-0.04808298870921135,
-0.04881739616394043,
0.5614827275276184,
0.26880136132240295,
-0.01656087301671505,
0.11027590185403824,
0.6563517451286316,
-0.2649129331111908,
-0.3343149721622467,
0.1951548308134079,
0.149658203125,
0.05298105999827385,
0.5953572392463684,
-0.1479848176240921,
0.0937255248427391,
0.21178372204303741,
-0.3724161684513092,
0.4784139096736908,
-0.09081903845071793,
-0.28814697265625,
0.5059814453125,
-0.2232564240694046,
0.36370849609375,
0.21024703979492188,
0.07689078897237778,
-0.1842295378446579,
-0.4466349184513092,
0.06719589233398438,
0.4492391049861908,
0.2556915283203125,
0.02691364288330078,
0.12862205505371094,
-0.2282918244600296,
0.0407511405646801,
0.15607769787311554,
0.3171946108341217,
0.2507832944393158,
0.036304157227277756,
0.2941131591796875,
0.4903768002986908,
0.19774627685546875,
-0.17533619701862335,
0.2182210236787796,
0.394256591796875,
0.10847727209329605,
0.18391036987304688,
0.27348074316978455,
-0.3635610044002533,
0.011164824478328228,
-0.0704183578491211,
-0.16508229076862335,
0.2065277099609375,
0.03365008160471916,
-0.16210873425006866,
0.2602996826171875,
0.3601888120174408,
-0.22269503772258759,
0.10415331274271011,
0.1330210417509079,
0.595703125,
0.2474873811006546,
0.44134521484375,
0.40673828125,
-0.7096150517463684,
0.1057332381606102,
0.2124786376953125,
0.5762939453125,
0.053602855652570724,
0.3792724609375,
-0.1479644775390625,
-0.74755859375,
0.0853322371840477,
0.23977915942668915,
-0.2440999299287796,
0.4689534604549408,
-0.1367390900850296,
0.2081388682126999,
-0.12976901233196259,
0.489959716796875,
0.7920735478401184,
0.0207087192684412,
0.018552780151367188,
0.1248677596449852,
0.2284647673368454,
0.2733968198299408,
-0.2524617612361908,
-0.18169529736042023,
-0.2593587338924408,
-0.22323353588581085,
0.23352305591106415,
0.5355631709098816,
0.240570068359375,
-0.5070698857307434,
-0.13420867919921875,
0.5742594599723816,
0.32547125220298767,
-0.4166361391544342,
0.1045888289809227,
0.014984130859375,
0.481842041015625,
-0.6005045771598816,
-0.14890415966510773,
0.1021881103515625,
-0.12908999621868134,
-0.5073649287223816,
-0.11289723962545395,
0.25973764061927795,
-0.1857878416776657,
0.2196674346923828,
0.3687845766544342,
-0.12069002538919449,
0.02561473846435547,
0.5721842646598816,
0.21043141186237335,
0.39508056640625,
0.10078176110982895,
-0.2293294221162796,
0.574462890625,
-0.0021839935798197985,
0.1952107697725296,
-0.17388789355754852,
-0.3452962338924408,
0.0035222370643168688,
0.029671430587768555,
-0.4869232177734375,
0.34576416015625,
-0.3863321840763092,
0.8727620244026184,
0.2686004638671875,
0.3975349962711334,
0.015179355628788471,
0.4814453125,
0.13517062366008759,
0.12510935962200165,
0.1907704621553421,
-0.13150835037231445,
-0.1661376953125,
-0.1891937255859375,
-0.1726970672607422,
-0.09516175836324692,
-0.07865142822265625,
0.08726374059915543,
0.3946024477481842,
0.041412353515625,
-0.10101064294576645,
-0.435760498046875,
0.24779574573040009,
0.07513427734375,
0.041584014892578125,
-0.0285466518253088,
0.4579671323299408,
-0.307952880859375,
0.0840098038315773,
0.15123748779296875,
0.016705194488167763,
-0.0838216170668602,
0.6197001338005066,
0.04460747912526131,
-0.14663441479206085,
-0.010599772445857525,
0.1582489013671875,
0.6815592646598816,
0.15869140625,
-0.08541747182607651,
0.06330617517232895,
0.27484130859375,
0.3456827700138092,
0.058363597840070724,
-0.4062856137752533,
0.014775276184082031,
0.07188669592142105,
-0.016643524169921875,
0.4746500551700592,
-0.349761962890625,
-0.09530385583639145,
-0.22048187255859375,
0.5275370478630066,
0.324310302734375,
0.3953450620174408,
0.12067413330078125,
0.3860880434513092,
0.16245777904987335,
-0.175750732421875,
-0.5086466670036316,
-0.3516744077205658,
-0.25889936089515686,
-0.05412681773304939,
-0.02838055230677128,
-0.1364033967256546,
0.059734344482421875,
-0.030305227264761925,
-0.09675788879394531,
0.21112060546875,
-0.0205535888671875,
0.09394582360982895,
0.38128662109375,
0.4639485776424408,
0.18818409740924835,
0.337127685546875,
-0.2139384001493454,
0.2963460385799408,
0.6710205078125,
0.5169677734375,
4.168782711029053,
0.3868204653263092,
-0.17158763110637665,
-0.3735605776309967,
-0.09080568701028824,
0.3997701108455658,
0.4537760317325592,
0.04051462933421135,
0.11441802978515625,
0.0425821952521801,
0.02580738067626953,
0.31951904296875,
-0.2093098908662796,
0.08547242730855942,
-0.17543284595012665,
0.25921630859375,
0.5866292119026184,
-0.06987635046243668,
-0.21725082397460938,
0.3575235903263092,
-0.34228515625,
0.3848876953125,
0.343109130859375,
0.18208694458007812,
-0.0423736572265625,
-0.13641357421875,
0.4794718325138092,
-0.1298402100801468,
0.1159108504652977,
0.0886739119887352,
0.4931437075138092,
-0.3534342348575592,
0.3333486020565033,
0.3734639585018158,
-1.0389404296875,
0.4862162172794342,
0.10427093505859375,
0.4084542691707611,
0.15765380859375,
-0.042568206787109375,
0.10442987829446793,
-0.09899648278951645,
0.2112630158662796,
0.2784017026424408,
-0.014822006225585938,
-0.349365234375,
-0.6466547846794128,
0.354766845703125,
-0.1732686311006546,
0.541412353515625,
0.30970826745033264,
-0.044415950775146484,
0.2708536684513092,
-0.4543355405330658,
0.029394784942269325,
0.5202839970588684,
0.14468257129192352,
0.03994615748524666,
0.3058675229549408,
0.1150766983628273,
-0.0035807292442768812,
-0.00305938720703125,
0.2455546110868454,
-0.10973485559225082,
-0.37923431396484375,
-0.0022430419921875,
0.26784005761146545,
0.13478851318359375,
-0.404998779296875,
0.02497021295130253,
0.4721221923828125,
0.4604898989200592,
-0.010119120590388775,
-0.3491414487361908,
0.17857615649700165,
-0.4270528256893158,
-0.2982088625431061,
-0.09239944070577621,
-0.0787607803940773,
-0.12101999670267105,
0.13060379028320312,
-0.1757252961397171,
0.0792338028550148,
0.4332071840763092,
0.26728567481040955,
0.4015909731388092,
0.4343986511230469,
-0.4116414487361908,
0.2682901918888092,
0.11305109411478043,
0.465576171875,
0.1725662499666214,
0.5020344853401184,
0.10148302465677261,
0.1456340104341507,
-0.365203857421875,
0.9681803584098816,
-3.9293620586395264,
0.2556610107421875,
0.08471298217773438,
-0.09304046630859375,
0.08380381017923355,
-0.027342796325683594,
0.02942601777613163,
0.15999603271484375,
-0.4796142578125,
0.6318156123161316,
0.09549585729837418,
-0.01352055836468935,
-0.3196919858455658,
0.28343328833580017,
0.3687337338924408,
-0.2652994692325592,
0.183135986328125,
0.20212046802043915,
0.2185007780790329,
-0.008327364921569824,
0.3299662172794342,
0.298583984375,
-0.07998529821634293,
-0.29692330956459045,
0.0631311759352684,
-0.2613321840763092,
-0.09337934106588364,
-0.3693440854549408,
0.6116129755973816,
-0.08439191430807114,
0.3270975649356842,
0.05144500732421875,
0.6844482421875,
-0.6421915888786316,
0.2398579865694046,
0.04946644976735115,
0.2666168212890625,
0.10633023828268051,
0.436279296875,
0.10493723303079605,
-0.05143435671925545,
0.5067138671875,
0.5763956904411316,
0.3519083559513092,
-0.032766979187726974,
-0.09767023473978043,
-0.31743112206459045,
-0.09185791015625,
-0.4886474609375,
0.23821766674518585,
-0.010955810546875,
0.5586751103401184,
-0.3549601137638092,
0.3326416015625,
0.3756001889705658,
-0.042654674500226974,
-0.05610726401209831,
-0.32889047265052795,
0.2061869353055954,
0.2493235319852829,
0.08063507080078125,
-0.2983907163143158,
0.0745849609375,
-0.2739919126033783,
-0.13995997607707977,
-0.33477783203125,
-0.07001495361328125,
0.20162200927734375,
0.1706249713897705,
-0.3616584241390228,
-0.07055950164794922,
0.297698974609375,
0.2240803986787796,
-0.04249827191233635,
-0.2283376008272171,
0.3912404477596283,
-0.0274683628231287,
0.023253202438354492,
0.662841796875,
0.3689168393611908,
-0.0532124824821949,
0.13860256969928741,
-0.3550008237361908,
0.293853759765625,
2.2396647930145264,
0.41131591796875,
2.1389973163604736,
-0.3244527280330658,
0.28727975487709045,
0.6095784306526184,
-0.19478607177734375,
0.08761660009622574,
0.06208483502268791,
-0.65411376953125,
0.2010752409696579,
0.09940338134765625,
-0.0038704078178852797,
0.2131195068359375,
0.025200525298714638,
-0.09988149255514145,
0.2886759340763092,
-0.5604248046875,
0.06184196472167969,
-0.21585018932819366,
0.38726806640625,
-0.08295568078756332,
-0.13539378345012665,
0.4708048403263092,
0.32555103302001953,
-0.2707621157169342,
0.0684957504272461,
0.387939453125,
-0.2567952573299408,
-0.20463187992572784,
-0.4426065981388092,
0.2347462922334671,
0.19325383007526398,
0.1756184846162796,
0.2042897492647171,
0.17935943603515625,
0.07696279138326645,
4.664388179779053,
0.18737919628620148,
-0.40966796875,
-0.04746246337890625,
0.2058359831571579,
0.17940521240234375,
0.4181620180606842,
0.2143656462430954,
0.16618983447551727,
0.4622395932674408,
0.3556162416934967,
0.34532928466796875,
-0.0096588134765625,
0.02477010153234005,
0.0318044014275074,
0.6667277216911316,
-0.29238638281822205,
0.10801442712545395,
0.07992744445800781,
0.4047953188419342,
0.07232475280761719,
0.25075021386146545,
-0.03212578967213631,
-0.2823435366153717,
-0.144439697265625,
0.2816925048828125,
0.01638031005859375,
-0.2995859682559967,
-0.02457173727452755,
0.3249104917049408,
-0.1369272917509079,
5.407552242279053,
0.0945892333984375,
0.09454599767923355,
-0.2961222231388092,
-0.3194376528263092,
0.3887125551700592,
-0.3928629457950592,
0.11859098821878433,
-0.09366607666015625,
-0.13342539966106415,
0.10590425878763199,
-0.0699208602309227,
-0.2876434326171875,
0.17693328857421875,
-0.061519622802734375,
-0.12561161816120148,
-0.3441568911075592,
-0.07141685485839844,
0.3551839292049408,
0.013393402099609375,
0.1905975341796875,
-0.05457866191864014,
0.373138427734375,
-0.5544636845588684,
-0.7185465693473816,
0.1158599853515625,
-0.2569427490234375,
0.3600870668888092,
-0.02906489372253418,
-0.3192240297794342,
0.38214111328125,
-0.010377566330134869,
0.6746928095817566,
0.11124738305807114,
-0.27083078026771545,
-0.11039146035909653,
0.5839640498161316,
0.248321533203125,
-0.14768218994140625,
-0.2383982390165329,
0.03159542754292488,
0.2296854704618454,
0.21578216552734375,
-0.3874613344669342,
-0.3284149169921875,
-0.07602182775735855,
0.02904764749109745,
0.1816457062959671,
-0.1452009677886963,
0.32276153564453125,
0.5266520380973816,
-0.24002838134765625,
1.0301513671875,
-0.024153390899300575,
-0.15618769824504852,
0.34490966796875,
-0.0411275215446949,
0.015568573959171772,
-0.0031150181312114,
-0.10308393090963364,
0.4954630434513092,
0.04835367202758789,
0.0009028117056004703,
-0.04183133319020271,
0.3717549741268158,
0.3692474365234375,
0.3388926088809967,
-0.1883137971162796,
0.58990478515625,
-0.4885457456111908,
0.06027984619140625,
0.3857523500919342,
-0.1926472932100296,
0.8918864130973816,
-0.01522700022906065,
0.1510874480009079,
0.08214060217142105,
-0.3584798276424408,
0.2599588930606842,
-0.36191049218177795,
-0.13726933300495148,
-0.3574422299861908,
-0.4820556640625,
0.3859456479549408,
0.016788482666015625,
0.05957293510437012,
0.2655436098575592,
-0.12781016528606415,
0.2985687255859375,
0.3353169858455658,
0.11522229760885239,
0.12141481786966324,
-0.3190205991268158,
0.1579233855009079,
-0.1053517684340477,
-0.03958320617675781,
0.045505523681640625,
0.48264822363853455,
-0.4546915590763092,
-0.1154123917222023,
-0.030684152618050575,
0.2681172788143158,
0.12385813146829605,
-0.2822914123535156,
0.56683349609375,
-0.4722086489200592,
-0.10434214025735855,
0.1892547607421875,
-0.1819254606962204,
0.2874959409236908,
0.48541259765625,
0.07425085455179214,
-0.38677978515625,
-0.11990419775247574,
0.043125152587890625
] |
104 | When was Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai get released? | [
{
"docid": "31952451#4",
"text": "The first \"Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai\" manga series, written and illustrated by Itachi, has been published in Media Factory's \"Monthly Comic Alive\" magazine since its May 2010 issue, released on March 27, 2010. Additionally, the series has been collected in 14 \"tankōbon\" volumes. Seven Seas Entertainment has licensed the first manga series in North America under the title \"Haganai: I Don't Have Many Friends\".",
"title": "Haganai"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "31952451#12",
"text": "A visual novel, \"Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai Portable\", was developed by Namco Bandai Games for the PlayStation Portable and released on February 23, 2012.",
"title": "Haganai"
},
{
"docid": "31952451#0",
"text": ", short for , is a Japanese light novel series written by Yomi Hirasaka, illustrated by Buriki, and published by Media Factory. It has been given several manga adaptations; the first incarnation, its title and basic plot unchanged, began serialization in 2010; it was written and illustrated by Itachi and published in \"Monthly Comic Alive\". A retelling of the series, written by Misaki Harukawa and illustrated by Shuichi Taguchi and called \"Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai+\" was published in \"Jump SQ.19\". A 12-episode anime adaptation by AIC Build aired in Japan between October and December 2011. An original video animation episode was released on September 26, 2012. A second anime season, Haganai NEXT, aired between January and March 2013. A live-action film adaptation was released on February 1, 2014.",
"title": "Haganai"
},
{
"docid": "31952451#1",
"text": "Yomi Hirasaka had been working on , which consisted of short stories about everyday life. In developing \"Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai\", or \"Haganai\" for short, Hirasaka contrasts the main characters as opposites of the ones in the \"Light Novel Club\" which had good relationships to begin with. Hirasaka drew influences from personal experience: \"This novel is a story about myself who also had few friends, bad communication skills, negative thinking, lacking life experiences and useless delusional habits.\" Hirasaka also considers the setting of the stories to be less restrictive.\nThe anime was directed by Hisashi Saito, who had previously directed the fan service romantic comedy \"Heaven's Lost Property\". Hirasaka noted that Itachi's portrayal of the characters in the manga are \"all so cute\" and \"their faces are full of life\", especially the expressions of the heroines Yozora and Sena.",
"title": "Haganai"
},
{
"docid": "24431315#0",
"text": "The chapters of the manga series Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru were written and illustrated by Kotomi Aoki. Originally serialized in \"Shōjo Comic\", the individual chapters were collected and published in ten \"tankōbon\" volumes by Shogakukan, with the first volume released May 26, 2003; the last volume was published on August 26, 2008. The story focuses on fraternal twins Yori and Iku, who fall in love with one another despite being siblings and struggle to deal with their illicit relationship.",
"title": "List of Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru chapters"
},
{
"docid": "24431315#1",
"text": "The series is licensed for regional language releases in France by Soleil Productions under the English title \"Secret Sweetheart\", in Spain by Editorial Ivrea, and in Taiwan by Ever Glory Publishing. The original volumes were also imported to the United States and sold as is by Borders and Waldenbooks bookstores in early 2005. In March 2008, to celebrate its 40th anniversary, \"Shōjo Comic\" posted free chapters of \"Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru\" on its website, along with a new side-story.",
"title": "List of Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru chapters"
},
{
"docid": "6966640#16",
"text": "A free game demo of \"Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru\" can be downloaded at the game's official website. The game was released as an adult game on January 28, 2005 as a limited edition, playable on a Windows PC as a 2-disc CD-ROM set. The limited edition came bundled with a special story book entitled \"Tsunderera\". The regular edition was released on February 18, 2005, and one select lot of this version contained a limited edition sticker. An updated version with full voice acting was released on April 28, 2006 as a DVD. Another updated version compatible for Windows Vista/7 was released on May 27, 2011. The Windows version of \"Otoboku\" was released in English by MangaGamer on November 23, 2012.",
"title": "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru"
},
{
"docid": "6966640#19",
"text": "Two novels written based on the original game written by Saki Murakami and published by Paradigm were released in Japan in June and August 2005. The first released was centering on Sion, with the second entitled centering on Takako. These novels contain erotic content. A single volume titled \"Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru\" written by Chihiro Minagawa with accompanying illustrations by Ume Aoi was published by Jive in August 2005, and centers on Takako's scenario. Sion's scenario was ported to the iPhone as an e-book between March 29 and June 4, 2010 by DML. A semi official \"dōjin\" novel was written by the original scenario writer for the game, Aya Takaya, called , with illustrations by the original game artist Norita. The novel contains a two short stories that is a sequel of Takako's scenario, and Kana and Yukari have little sisters. The revised and completed edition of the \"dōjin\" novel was published as an official novel by Enterbrain on December 25, 2007.",
"title": "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru"
},
{
"docid": "5058542#0",
"text": "The manga series was adapted into a one-episode original video animation that was released in May 2005 and a live-action film starring Jun Matsumoto and Nana Eikura that premiered in Japan on January 20, 2007.",
"title": "Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru"
},
{
"docid": "6966640#18",
"text": "A sequel to the visual novel titled was released as an adult game on June 30, 2010 as a limited edition, playable on a Windows PC as a DVD. The same staff that worked on \"Otoboku\" returned for the sequel. The limited edition came bundled with a 96-page guide book, an original card from the Lycèe Trading Card Game, and an original pouch. A free game demo of \"Futari no Elder\" can be downloaded at the game's official website. The regular edition was released on July 30, 2010. Settings and characters from \"Sakura no Sono no Étoile\", a novel written by the scriptwriter of \"Otoboku\" as a sequel to Takako's story, appear in \"Futari no Elder\". Also, the release date of June 30 coincides in-story with the day of the election day of the 75th Elder sister. A PSP version titled \"Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru Portable: Futari no Elder\" was released on April 28, 2011 by Alchemist. A downloadable version of the PSP release via the PlayStation Store was released by Alchemist on December 1, 2011.",
"title": "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru"
}
] | [
0.0027365684509277344,
-0.07491683959960938,
-0.1543102264404297,
0.1650104522705078,
0.09850740432739258,
0.21485662460327148,
0.2701873779296875,
-0.386016845703125,
0.34674835205078125,
0.15493202209472656,
-0.04401206970214844,
-0.2598876953125,
-0.1132056713104248,
0.051700472831726074,
-0.17399024963378906,
-0.15429306030273438,
0.296478271484375,
-0.30889892578125,
-0.33245086669921875,
0.12540531158447266,
-0.005357325077056885,
0.5452880859375,
-0.11689090728759766,
0.16100025177001953,
-0.09632635116577148,
0.0845801830291748,
0.08954429626464844,
0.1850433349609375,
-0.34618377685546875,
0.682769775390625,
0.620330810546875,
-0.14053118228912354,
-0.15195846557617188,
0.782684326171875,
-0.06558799743652344,
0.21779727935791016,
-0.108306884765625,
0.10437488555908203,
0.07631778717041016,
0.18718290328979492,
-0.1480865478515625,
0.18800735473632812,
0.2761678695678711,
-0.47900390625,
0.6299915313720703,
0.3628387451171875,
0.10125923156738281,
-0.07497501373291016,
0.2232503890991211,
0.0011369138956069946,
-0.3114471435546875,
0.005160808563232422,
-0.07483410835266113,
0.22895050048828125,
-0.57958984375,
0.2959427833557129,
-0.14604949951171875,
0.4673919677734375,
0.015232086181640625,
-0.02760612964630127,
0.16888999938964844,
0.05045902729034424,
-0.2469329833984375,
0.015126228332519531,
-0.0024747848510742188,
0.4081573486328125,
-0.037980735301971436,
0.17945194244384766,
-0.15258431434631348,
0.54254150390625,
-0.026804447174072266,
0.3137054443359375,
0.3908843994140625,
0.34206390380859375,
0.07482099533081055,
-0.1432347297668457,
0.03763771057128906,
0.36096954345703125,
0.10924625396728516,
-0.3622760772705078,
0.575164794921875,
-0.07753467559814453,
-0.3555412292480469,
0.23434829711914062,
-0.09518671035766602,
0.595245361328125,
0.35369873046875,
-0.009022235870361328,
0.043829917907714844,
0.3404121398925781,
-0.2292499542236328,
0.05247020721435547,
-0.032154083251953125,
0.1717395782470703,
0.08629059791564941,
0.20921605825424194,
0.06257510185241699,
-0.14216041564941406,
0.09250926971435547,
0.17107915878295898,
0.10805082321166992,
-0.298065185546875,
-0.05516195297241211,
0.2062225341796875,
0.34140777587890625,
-0.571990966796875,
-0.16748905181884766,
0.124603271484375,
-0.06505656242370605,
0.360198974609375,
-0.21973228454589844,
-0.35727691650390625,
0.16169452667236328,
-0.17457246780395508,
0.420440673828125,
0.447601318359375,
0.3138618469238281,
-0.13982868194580078,
-0.40555572509765625,
-0.78863525390625,
0.527099609375,
0.34615325927734375,
-0.19923782348632812,
0.048575401306152344,
-0.2707500457763672,
-0.47476959228515625,
0.6214599609375,
-0.14269638061523438,
0.778656005859375,
0.22877883911132812,
0.21792030334472656,
-0.0013637542724609375,
0.7916259765625,
0.6307373046875,
0.22610020637512207,
0.008775711059570312,
0.08237838745117188,
-0.19295120239257812,
-0.26253366470336914,
0.019945859909057617,
-0.1046147346496582,
0.24341583251953125,
0.2230854034423828,
0.65972900390625,
0.10220718383789062,
0.05724167823791504,
-0.024315357208251953,
0.38137054443359375,
0.2775993347167969,
0.34000396728515625,
0.701904296875,
0.2496929168701172,
-0.1821880340576172,
0.710693359375,
0.14248228073120117,
0.04653644561767578,
0.312774658203125,
0.05901193618774414,
-0.2766761779785156,
0.2143402099609375,
0.691192626953125,
0.283721923828125,
-0.508331298828125,
-0.11052846908569336,
0.2978477478027344,
0.18863296508789062,
-0.28881263732910156,
0.2705574035644531,
0.518524169921875,
-0.291595458984375,
-0.19257164001464844,
-0.008815884590148926,
0.055660247802734375,
-0.034032851457595825,
0.15438413619995117,
-0.0018943548202514648,
0.11028480529785156,
-0.1502685546875,
-0.22024357318878174,
0.07075881958007812,
-0.04609663784503937,
0.2168712615966797,
0.345489501953125,
-0.23627853393554688,
0.633544921875,
0.36728668212890625,
-0.10312318801879883,
0.0360722541809082,
-0.03017425537109375,
0.3273658752441406,
0.22277331352233887,
0.23109054565429688,
0.7480850219726562,
-0.16526687145233154,
0.1846776008605957,
0.41295623779296875,
-0.3085002899169922,
0.2252049446105957,
-0.12333250045776367,
0.11410903930664062,
0.11528539657592773,
-0.339508056640625,
-0.5516815185546875,
0.16155242919921875,
0.4556427001953125,
-0.15738201141357422,
0.03468132019042969,
-0.0005640983581542969,
-0.1565093994140625,
-0.05554389953613281,
0.024274349212646484,
0.10980415344238281,
-0.1557483673095703,
0.3779306411743164,
-0.011280059814453125,
0.628936767578125,
-0.08928966522216797,
-0.19028091430664062,
0.47021484375,
0.15485239028930664,
0.1488957405090332,
0.65325927734375,
-0.22272491455078125,
0.4763221740722656,
0.1419963836669922,
0.23552322387695312,
-0.10764312744140625,
-0.40122175216674805,
0.08687067031860352,
0.09606742858886719,
0.2014789581298828,
0.35074329376220703,
0.15602493286132812,
0.12290096282958984,
0.27402496337890625,
0.39318084716796875,
0.5655517578125,
0.36968231201171875,
0.06810379028320312,
0.30961036682128906,
-0.03471946716308594,
0.22820687294006348,
-0.07877600193023682,
-0.2805901765823364,
0.36322021484375,
-0.09987068176269531,
0.618316650390625,
0.01444052904844284,
0.04841920733451843,
-0.05971372127532959,
0.19128179550170898,
-0.4952659606933594,
0.32533836364746094,
0.27617645263671875,
-0.26000213623046875,
-0.24515151977539062,
-0.06870555877685547,
0.07129383087158203,
-0.011859893798828125,
0.3476409912109375,
0.40891265869140625,
-0.026010513305664062,
0.346099853515625,
0.38238525390625,
-0.3823089599609375,
0.1785297393798828,
0.16655731201171875,
0.37807464599609375,
-0.3734893798828125,
0.903594970703125,
0.839263916015625,
0.27558135986328125,
-0.006658613681793213,
0.3338661193847656,
-0.15753650665283203,
0.2776947021484375,
0.18260574340820312,
0.07694816589355469,
0.19144821166992188,
0.14281654357910156,
0.4243927001953125,
0.18227386474609375,
-0.087371826171875,
0.029256820678710938,
-0.13738012313842773,
0.17986011505126953,
0.16698074340820312,
-0.257781982421875,
-0.00565028190612793,
-0.08005106449127197,
0.16067886352539062,
0.34923553466796875,
-0.3292083740234375,
-0.2996959686279297,
-0.25127100944519043,
0.13763141632080078,
0.28857421875,
-0.13312339782714844,
0.5540924072265625,
-0.21484947204589844,
0.08643722534179688,
-0.7254638671875,
0.20160579681396484,
0.5513725280761719,
-0.10033321380615234,
-0.336212158203125,
-0.05443239212036133,
0.2598609924316406,
0.06733554601669312,
0.03264617919921875,
0.3008613586425781,
-0.693389892578125,
-0.04536569118499756,
0.361572265625,
-0.1246175765991211,
0.5031280517578125,
0.3841285705566406,
0.03477203845977783,
0.3083324432373047,
0.16881799697875977,
-0.2702445983886719,
-0.764495849609375,
-0.30010223388671875,
-0.36688232421875,
0.00743865966796875,
-0.6670989990234375,
-0.014655113220214844,
-0.20257949829101562,
0.883209228515625,
-0.2486114501953125,
-0.06671309471130371,
0.06658542156219482,
-0.2717924118041992,
0.012493133544921875,
-0.29463958740234375,
0.407562255859375,
0.3992767333984375,
0.567047119140625,
0.015483438968658447,
-0.18651103973388672,
0.2251720428466797,
0.08742713928222656,
-0.02805805206298828,
0.20470237731933594,
-0.35819244384765625,
-0.40958404541015625,
0.17958831787109375,
0.20020675659179688,
0.4546051025390625,
0.1147083044052124,
-0.1381988525390625,
-0.29158973693847656,
0.08834923803806305,
-0.23140716552734375,
-0.24219131469726562,
0.3453073501586914,
0.12023083865642548,
0.4166107177734375,
0.549346923828125,
-0.20409393310546875,
0.1832752227783203,
0.2666893005371094,
0.18884849548339844,
-0.05489230155944824,
0.507904052734375,
0.2840118408203125,
-0.289520263671875,
-0.3227081298828125,
-0.062114715576171875,
-0.15933895111083984,
-0.19980812072753906,
0.1812419891357422,
0.004238128662109375,
0.16224002838134766,
-0.0893697738647461,
-0.2174224853515625,
-0.11159229278564453,
0.72003173828125,
0.28809356689453125,
0.22435569763183594,
0.08074665069580078,
0.60845947265625,
0.29332733154296875,
0.22606849670410156,
-0.3879203796386719,
-0.15192127227783203,
0.2265777587890625,
-0.2586631774902344,
-0.06346648931503296,
0.2037639617919922,
0.14434432983398438,
-0.05061149597167969,
0.06396245956420898,
0.05002427101135254,
-0.25948119163513184,
-0.10786628723144531,
-0.17604374885559082,
0.18430519104003906,
0.35858917236328125,
-0.27898406982421875,
0.12553691864013672,
0.2930908203125,
0.4409942626953125,
0.37164306640625,
4.08203125,
0.07304239273071289,
0.333099365234375,
-0.29390859603881836,
-0.07352161407470703,
-0.09395694732666016,
0.582977294921875,
-0.12213969230651855,
-0.0812067985534668,
-0.05424618721008301,
0.2400360107421875,
0.498382568359375,
-0.06270694732666016,
0.1342170238494873,
-0.19166183471679688,
0.33260345458984375,
0.27440571784973145,
0.14243745803833008,
0.3034706115722656,
0.4759063720703125,
-0.5816497802734375,
-0.09910333156585693,
0.01410830020904541,
0.15248870849609375,
0.16325759887695312,
-0.0049610137939453125,
-0.3440742492675781,
0.20882034301757812,
0.467437744140625,
0.2767791748046875,
0.6211090087890625,
0.0831308364868164,
0.22944021224975586,
0.0967864990234375,
-1.165283203125,
0.23888039588928223,
0.1243356466293335,
0.25115352869033813,
0.39731597900390625,
0.17533111572265625,
-0.06238138675689697,
0.1417694091796875,
0.20884132385253906,
0.479095458984375,
0.586700439453125,
-0.10256719589233398,
-0.4096641540527344,
0.19459152221679688,
0.353607177734375,
0.03449583053588867,
0.06301593780517578,
-0.2973175048828125,
-0.3443450927734375,
-0.18916034698486328,
0.2739067077636719,
0.4375152587890625,
0.13641071319580078,
0.767730712890625,
0.25904083251953125,
-0.05328941345214844,
0.1732184886932373,
-0.21723175048828125,
0.13456249237060547,
0.38836669921875,
-0.46015167236328125,
-0.4522247314453125,
0.02713489532470703,
0.3683023452758789,
0.13653862476348877,
0.027835488319396973,
0.18895912170410156,
0.398681640625,
0.51812744140625,
-0.3712882995605469,
0.2087860107421875,
0.2521629333496094,
0.032392263412475586,
0.09975242614746094,
0.014351338148117065,
-0.13596820831298828,
0.18061065673828125,
-0.31142425537109375,
-0.042910099029541016,
0.476043701171875,
0.013608455657958984,
0.59912109375,
0.4746255874633789,
-0.15522003173828125,
0.4367828369140625,
-0.283172607421875,
0.29535675048828125,
0.42700958251953125,
0.08806610107421875,
0.20214271545410156,
0.30615234375,
-0.09513473510742188,
0.1857128143310547,
-4.0067138671875,
0.11799049377441406,
0.052777767181396484,
0.20546531677246094,
0.19960403442382812,
-0.07739377021789551,
0.717071533203125,
0.50018310546875,
-0.011915206909179688,
0.2551422119140625,
-0.5522994995117188,
-0.14165477454662323,
-0.2682380676269531,
0.4070320129394531,
0.289703369140625,
0.04342818260192871,
0.0603179931640625,
0.0935470461845398,
0.036715030670166016,
-0.3776092529296875,
0.12987327575683594,
0.0644381046295166,
0.248321533203125,
0.17603850364685059,
0.1786327362060547,
-0.1571483612060547,
0.30559444427490234,
-0.47857666015625,
-0.21618711948394775,
0.07081413269042969,
-0.3448638916015625,
0.00791025161743164,
0.455169677734375,
-0.2401123046875,
0.06055450439453125,
0.02296161651611328,
0.3734397888183594,
0.20589542388916016,
0.30638885498046875,
0.04713106155395508,
-0.48431396484375,
-0.2552337646484375,
0.3253173828125,
-0.0051534175872802734,
0.13593244552612305,
-0.21242761611938477,
-0.4504547119140625,
-0.24080944061279297,
-0.18001936376094818,
-0.32697296142578125,
0.66583251953125,
0.1206521987915039,
-0.055838584899902344,
0.08846020698547363,
0.734222412109375,
-0.1741790771484375,
-0.24004745483398438,
0.6504669189453125,
0.4844970703125,
0.0004968643188476562,
-0.20685386657714844,
-0.3259468078613281,
0.1843404769897461,
0.7150726318359375,
0.1422128677368164,
-0.023305416107177734,
0.13577604293823242,
0.3409004211425781,
0.07148361206054688,
-0.28310203552246094,
0.2739105224609375,
0.47963714599609375,
0.29218292236328125,
0.08117705583572388,
0.22014236450195312,
0.24476242065429688,
-0.457427978515625,
-0.02454090118408203,
0.52142333984375,
0.15492689609527588,
-0.1017308235168457,
-0.16409683227539062,
-0.4835968017578125,
0.438629150390625,
2.3994140625,
0.4113616943359375,
2.191162109375,
0.5234222412109375,
-0.034462690353393555,
0.0808173418045044,
-0.04929870367050171,
0.25864410400390625,
0.0917586088180542,
0.17511630058288574,
-0.1138005256652832,
0.2261486053466797,
-0.021358489990234375,
0.14086389541625977,
-0.1713695526123047,
-0.21542739868164062,
0.30446624755859375,
-1.05242919921875,
0.08626222610473633,
0.06287747621536255,
0.2448883056640625,
0.051244497299194336,
0.19451141357421875,
0.552490234375,
0.07158088684082031,
0.048801422119140625,
-0.334320068359375,
-0.1765744686126709,
0.23743724822998047,
-0.3247795104980469,
-0.05178868770599365,
0.23316001892089844,
0.36071014404296875,
0.1772022247314453,
-0.04435300827026367,
0.04576301574707031,
-0.1770191192626953,
4.63427734375,
-0.1425323486328125,
-0.26035308837890625,
-0.23109054565429688,
0.3451271057128906,
0.1892871856689453,
0.14855003356933594,
-0.019057273864746094,
0.23260498046875,
0.32857799530029297,
0.431060791015625,
0.059658050537109375,
0.1672821044921875,
-0.05571556091308594,
0.10155725479125977,
0.37607574462890625,
-0.005512714385986328,
0.39925670623779297,
0.10153651237487793,
0.31415557861328125,
0.5496826171875,
0.13257384300231934,
0.3298187255859375,
-0.11496448516845703,
0.1727294921875,
-0.13941645622253418,
0.27435302734375,
-0.1316034197807312,
-0.09577465057373047,
0.08136796951293945,
0.35965728759765625,
5.4384765625,
-0.20663070678710938,
0.008883774280548096,
-0.04861259460449219,
0.010007858276367188,
0.10323143005371094,
-0.023500442504882812,
0.3029022216796875,
-0.14151763916015625,
-0.030856192111968994,
0.09943628311157227,
0.05963635444641113,
-0.19603729248046875,
0.478790283203125,
-0.03922891616821289,
0.26225948333740234,
-0.25859832763671875,
-0.09191417694091797,
0.04553031921386719,
-0.1695563793182373,
0.07958030700683594,
-0.3400897979736328,
0.051766157150268555,
-0.5907440185546875,
-0.2630043029785156,
-0.06299781799316406,
-0.3421630859375,
-0.12331485748291016,
-0.04365375638008118,
0.19061660766601562,
0.437408447265625,
0.36989402770996094,
-0.3707618713378906,
-0.18559646606445312,
-0.4370880126953125,
0.5028533935546875,
0.1494903564453125,
0.41318511962890625,
0.2544593811035156,
-0.14237213134765625,
0.13753414154052734,
0.3150310516357422,
-0.249786376953125,
-0.04813194274902344,
-0.229400634765625,
-0.11804485321044922,
-0.1471872329711914,
0.195648193359375,
0.27861785888671875,
-0.3112640380859375,
-0.09270775318145752,
-0.22299766540527344,
0.90313720703125,
0.4953460693359375,
0.43112945556640625,
-0.04927539825439453,
-0.23322296142578125,
-0.2288379669189453,
-0.10752105712890625,
-0.2785186767578125,
0.420684814453125,
0.23533248901367188,
-0.07217979431152344,
0.21598052978515625,
0.37235260009765625,
0.28035831451416016,
0.2532339096069336,
-0.04582834243774414,
0.7208404541015625,
-0.35083580017089844,
0.20915603637695312,
-0.04518240690231323,
-0.1302030086517334,
-0.0180816650390625,
0.19985198974609375,
0.20864629745483398,
-0.11373686790466309,
-0.573394775390625,
0.023406505584716797,
0.12796926498413086,
-0.006557643413543701,
-0.11099529266357422,
-0.4767913818359375,
0.4384918212890625,
0.0462489128112793,
-0.0941929817199707,
0.07136841118335724,
-0.14891338348388672,
0.456146240234375,
0.04436016082763672,
0.2825469970703125,
0.29677581787109375,
-0.38149261474609375,
0.6131439208984375,
0.06796932220458984,
0.18192672729492188,
0.2099761962890625,
0.4544219970703125,
0.17009258270263672,
0.334075927734375,
-0.5477066040039062,
0.475341796875,
-0.07393550872802734,
-0.09043359756469727,
0.22718429565429688,
-0.030018329620361328,
0.24230003356933594,
-0.27352678775787354,
0.16346025466918945,
0.06472671031951904,
0.4620208740234375,
0.4656524658203125,
0.016506195068359375,
-0.16367721557617188,
-0.12796974182128906
] |
106 | How often do solar flares occur? | [
{
"docid": "24728109#45",
"text": "Since superflares can occur on stars apparently equivalent in every way to the Sun, it is natural to ask if they can occur on the Sun itself. An estimate based on the original Kepler photometric studies suggested a frequency on solar-type stars (early G-type and rotation period more than 10 days) of once every 800 years for an energy of 10 erg and every 5000 years at 10 erg. One-minute sampling provided statistics for less energetic flares and gave a frequency of one flare of energy 10 erg every 5–600 years for a star rotating as slowly as the Sun; this would be rated as X100 on the solar flare scale. This is based on a straightforward comparison of the number of stars studied with the number of flares observed. An extrapolation of the empirical statistics for solar flares to an energy of 10 erg suggests a frequency of one in 10,000 years.",
"title": "Superflare"
},
{
"docid": "54648#25",
"text": "Other large solar flares also occurred on April 2, 2001 (X20), October 28, 2003 (X17.2 and 10), September 7, 2005 (X17), February 17, 2011 (X2), August 9, 2011 (X6.9), March 7, 2012 (X5.4), July 6, 2012 (X1.1). On July 6, 2012, a solar storm hit just after midnight UK time, when an X1.1 solar flare fired out of the AR1515 sunspot. Another X1.4 solar flare from AR 1520 region of the Sun, second in the week, reached the Earth on July 15, 2012 with a geomagnetic storm of G1–G2 level. A X1.8-class flare was recorded on October 24, 2012. There has been major solar flare activity in early 2013, notably within a 48-hour period starting on May 12, 2013, a total of four X-class solar flares were emitted ranging from an X1.2 and upwards of an X3.2, the latter of which was one of the largest year 2013 flares. Departing sunspot complex AR2035-AR2046 erupted on April 25, 2014 at 0032 UT, producing a strong X1.3-class solar flare and an HF communications blackout on the day-side of Earth. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded a flash of extreme ultraviolet radiation from the explosion. The Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded an X9.3-class flare at around 1200 UTC on September 6, 2017.",
"title": "Solar flare"
},
{
"docid": "58921#26",
"text": "A solar flare is a phenomenon where the Sun suddenly releases a great amount of solar radiation, much more than normal. Solar flares are unlikely to cause any direct injury, but can destroy electrical equipment. The potential of solar storms to cause disaster was seen during the 1859 Carrington event, which disrupted the telegraph network, and the March 1989 geomagnetic storm which blacked out Quebec. Some major known solar flares include the X20 event on August 16, 1989, and a similar flare on April 2, 2001. The most powerful flare ever recorded occurred on November 4, 2003 (estimated at between X40 and X45).",
"title": "Natural disaster"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "255297#14",
"text": "Coronal mass ejections are often associated with other forms of solar activity, most notably:\nThe association of a CME with some of those phenomena is common but not fully understood. For example, CMEs and flares are normally closely related, but there was confusion about this point caused by the events originating beyond the limb. For such events no flare could be detected. Most weak flares do not have associated CMEs; most powerful ones do. Some CMEs occur without any flare-like manifestation, but these are the weaker and slower ones. It is now thought that CMEs and associated flares are caused by a common event (the CME peak acceleration and the flare impulsive phase generally coincide). In general, all of these events (including the CME) are thought to be the result of a large-scale restructuring of the magnetic field; the presence or absence of a CME during one of these restructures would reflect the coronal environment of the process (i.e., can the eruption be confined by overlying magnetic structure, or will it simply break through and enter the solar wind).",
"title": "Coronal mass ejection"
},
{
"docid": "206555#23",
"text": "The occurrence frequency of coronal mass ejections and flares is strongly modulated by the cycle. Flares of any given size are some 50 times more frequent at solar maximum than at minimum. Large coronal mass ejections occur on average a few times a day at solar maximum, down to one every few days at solar minimum. The size of these events themselves does not depend sensitively on the phase of the solar cycle. A case in point are the three large X-class flares that occurred in December 2006, very near solar minimum; an X9.0 flare on Dec 5 stands as one of the brightest on record.",
"title": "Solar cycle"
},
{
"docid": "28336780#4",
"text": "In late October 2003, a series of large solar flares occurred. A X17.2-class flare ejected on 28 October 2003 produced auroras visible as far south as Florida and Texas. A G5 level geomagnetic storm blasted the Earth's magnetosphere the next two days. A few days later, the largest solar flare ever measured with instruments occurred on 4 November; initially measured at X28, it was later upgraded to an X45-class. This flare was not Earth-oriented and thus only resulted in high-latitude auroras. The whole sequence of events occurred from 28 October to 4 November is known as the Halloween Solar Storm.",
"title": "Solar cycle 23"
},
{
"docid": "206550#2",
"text": "Large solar flares often occur during a maximum. For example, the solar storm of 1859 struck the Earth with such intensity that the northern lights were visible as far from the poles as Cuba and Hawaii.",
"title": "Solar maximum"
},
{
"docid": "54648#4",
"text": "Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere, and corona). The plasma medium is heated to tens of millions of Kelvin, while electrons, protons, and heavier ions are accelerated to near the speed of light. Flares produce electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths, from radio waves to gamma rays. Most of the energy is spread over frequencies outside the visual range and so the majority of the flares are not visible to the naked eye and must be observed with special instruments. Flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields penetrate the photosphere to link the corona to the solar interior.\nFlares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. The same energy releases may produce coronal mass ejections (CMEs), although the relationship between CMEs and flares is still not well understood.",
"title": "Solar flare"
},
{
"docid": "54648#8",
"text": "Flares occur when accelerated charged particles, mainly electrons, interact with the plasma medium. Evidence suggests that the phenomenon of magnetic reconnection leads to this copious acceleration of charged particles.\nOn the Sun, magnetic reconnection may happen on solar arcades – a series of closely occurring loops following magnetic lines of force. These lines of force quickly reconnect into a lower arcade of loops leaving a helix of magnetic field unconnected to the rest of the arcade. The sudden release of energy in this reconnection is the origin of the particle acceleration. The unconnected magnetic helical field and the material that it contains may violently expand outwards forming a coronal mass ejection. This also explains why solar flares typically erupt from active regions on the Sun where magnetic fields are much stronger.",
"title": "Solar flare"
},
{
"docid": "12728898#44",
"text": "A prominence eruption producing a CME shot off the east limb (left side) of the Sun on April 16, 2012. Such eruptions are often associated with solar flares, and in this case an M1.7 class (medium-sized) flare occurred at the same time, peaking at 1:45 PM EDT and 17.45 UTC. The CME was not aimed toward Earth. Nevertheless, this month was very quiet in comparison to the previous one, as only two M-class flares were recorded.",
"title": "Solar cycle 24"
}
] | [
0.11614990234375,
0.518359363079071,
-0.35948485136032104,
0.3055419921875,
0.16398315131664276,
-0.0511016845703125,
0.4052734375,
-0.29362791776657104,
-0.140238955616951,
0.3953857421875,
-0.2543579041957855,
-0.1814926117658615,
-0.3919921815395355,
0.3549438416957855,
-0.0825958251953125,
0.09468059241771698,
0.2896484434604645,
-0.19150619208812714,
-0.23211364448070526,
0.01776580885052681,
-0.13053588569164276,
0.529345691204071,
-0.03509102016687393,
0.07979927211999893,
0.21311035752296448,
0.4134277403354645,
-0.3725830018520355,
0.03269457817077637,
-0.13550415635108948,
0.5234375,
0.2952880859375,
-0.039502810686826706,
-0.11862335354089737,
0.559521496295929,
-0.09331054985523224,
0.5585693120956421,
-0.06836195290088654,
-0.3615478575229645,
-0.139190673828125,
0.555224597454071,
-0.2988525331020355,
0.030370425432920456,
-0.09462356567382812,
-0.13174133002758026,
0.18105773627758026,
-0.193634033203125,
0.20228271186351776,
-0.3343139588832855,
0.05397186428308487,
0.1968338042497635,
-0.5068603754043579,
0.22767944633960724,
0.23745116591453552,
-0.15344849228858948,
0.09772338718175888,
0.5556885004043579,
-0.23763427138328552,
0.741455078125,
-0.042604707181453705,
0.02182311937212944,
0.20164795219898224,
-0.04856910556554794,
-0.17453308403491974,
0.23977050185203552,
0.04067077487707138,
0.3777099549770355,
0.14389649033546448,
-0.05896873399615288,
0.38151854276657104,
0.4571289122104645,
0.11257324367761612,
0.5301758050918579,
0.4050048887729645,
-0.011601257137954235,
-0.13826140761375427,
-0.2514198422431946,
0.16245727241039276,
0.2899017333984375,
0.02734985388815403,
-0.626708984375,
0.5714355707168579,
-0.033995818346738815,
-0.10434570163488388,
0.38273924589157104,
0.34117430448532104,
0.47441405057907104,
0.13218383491039276,
0.17832565307617188,
0.29674071073532104,
0.31944578886032104,
-0.22911377251148224,
0.2999511659145355,
0.20253905653953552,
0.16379395127296448,
0.45808106660842896,
-0.32567137479782104,
0.10345802456140518,
-0.07170410454273224,
-0.14924316108226776,
-0.21262207627296448,
-0.23798827826976776,
-0.22194823622703552,
-0.04402103275060654,
0.768359363079071,
-0.038869477808475494,
-0.3971923887729645,
-0.35344237089157104,
0.3172103762626648,
-0.07040710747241974,
0.21605224907398224,
0.12046127021312714,
-0.3841919004917145,
0.672607421875,
-0.21910400688648224,
0.3328857421875,
0.10239563137292862,
0.18024596571922302,
-0.3460937440395355,
-0.0742645263671875,
-0.76416015625,
0.4913085997104645,
0.07776489108800888,
-0.22242888808250427,
-0.19678954780101776,
-0.23664550483226776,
0.1854095458984375,
0.7381347417831421,
-0.1475982666015625,
0.58837890625,
0.42927247285842896,
0.38023680448532104,
0.3916259706020355,
-0.1788681000471115,
0.5874267816543579,
-0.161631777882576,
0.518261730670929,
0.3492065370082855,
0.12082137912511826,
-0.3175292909145355,
-0.162139892578125,
-0.139790341258049,
0.36345213651657104,
-0.14049682021141052,
0.7840820550918579,
0.12015380710363388,
0.21098633110523224,
0.17065659165382385,
0.09847716987133026,
-0.14107665419578552,
0.150340273976326,
0.465087890625,
0.36485594511032104,
0.25328367948532104,
0.45441895723342896,
-0.005259704776108265,
-0.15867003798484802,
0.26446571946144104,
0.5030761957168579,
0.18161697685718536,
0.16984252631664276,
0.758496105670929,
0.3937011659145355,
-0.23248291015625,
0.012219238094985485,
0.012532425113022327,
0.08091430366039276,
-0.053853414952754974,
0.5638427734375,
0.5633300542831421,
-0.16736450791358948,
-0.16741332411766052,
0.008356476202607155,
-0.03213958814740181,
-0.26881104707717896,
0.3255859315395355,
0.14712218940258026,
0.07496337592601776,
0.2683654725551605,
0.11449585109949112,
-0.2695068418979645,
0.11305542290210724,
0.4203124940395355,
0.32527464628219604,
-0.15716552734375,
0.6466064453125,
0.3798584043979645,
0.08776092529296875,
0.17677612602710724,
-0.10928497463464737,
-0.15753784775733948,
0.441162109375,
0.5313965082168579,
0.6856445074081421,
0.24129638075828552,
-0.22507324814796448,
0.18145179748535156,
-0.19526977837085724,
0.20592650771141052,
0.08318386226892471,
-0.10684814304113388,
-0.2355194091796875,
0.18519897758960724,
-0.4829345643520355,
-0.021967316046357155,
0.40522462129592896,
-0.23418578505516052,
-0.11181640625,
0.22012940049171448,
-0.19803467392921448,
-0.10721740871667862,
-0.031665802001953125,
0.066259004175663,
0.1115821823477745,
-0.23040160536766052,
-0.15116576850414276,
0.13775940239429474,
0.08864593505859375,
-0.11774902045726776,
0.3468833863735199,
0.22174072265625,
0.02325134351849556,
0.17657470703125,
-0.06269530951976776,
-0.233367919921875,
0.04564370959997177,
-0.08228759467601776,
0.04175567626953125,
-0.17250213027000427,
0.05463256686925888,
0.2771972715854645,
0.669140636920929,
-0.2751312255859375,
-0.051004599779844284,
-0.03192443773150444,
0.4759521484375,
0.5324951410293579,
0.27995604276657104,
0.16391602158546448,
0.17673854529857635,
-0.22120361030101776,
0.2593444883823395,
-0.12083740532398224,
-0.32600098848342896,
-0.15955200791358948,
0.3627685606479645,
-0.4789062440395355,
0.28349608182907104,
0.12997741997241974,
-0.34990233182907104,
-0.20041199028491974,
0.19718627631664276,
-0.5294433832168579,
0.06749572604894638,
0.3839355409145355,
-0.197784423828125,
0.2992309629917145,
0.28120118379592896,
-0.1744384765625,
-0.03243599086999893,
0.187286376953125,
0.352081298828125,
0.14071807265281677,
0.3441162109375,
0.26408690214157104,
0.018407821655273438,
-0.11441650241613388,
0.02023010328412056,
0.4046386778354645,
0.010203552432358265,
0.26405030488967896,
0.27232056856155396,
-0.41252440214157104,
0.39971923828125,
0.132354736328125,
-0.235595703125,
0.18267822265625,
0.4148925840854645,
-0.13921204209327698,
-0.41162109375,
0.36848145723342896,
0.22319945693016052,
-0.4869628846645355,
-0.19640502333641052,
-0.06624603271484375,
0.32200926542282104,
-0.00543289165943861,
-0.100804902613163,
-0.11472167819738388,
-0.3755126893520355,
0.060497283935546875,
0.008631897158920765,
0.22276611626148224,
-0.07944373786449432,
-0.2770279049873352,
-0.0008605957264080644,
0.576855480670929,
0.4743408262729645,
0.2979370057582855,
0.2972412109375,
0.001995086669921875,
0.796093761920929,
-0.3243652284145355,
0.29595947265625,
0.236602783203125,
-0.09109191596508026,
0.15705490112304688,
-0.13701172173023224,
0.14091110229492188,
0.17709961533546448,
0.538525402545929,
0.26900023221969604,
-0.33631592988967896,
-0.120849609375,
0.2563232481479645,
0.2856811583042145,
-0.01602477952837944,
0.05922241136431694,
0.057558439671993256,
0.4638465940952301,
0.094757080078125,
-0.48320311307907104,
0.05615568161010742,
-0.39934080839157104,
-0.013753509148955345,
0.31549072265625,
-0.30400389432907104,
0.44829100370407104,
-0.28070068359375,
0.5729004144668579,
0.28345030546188354,
-0.02691040001809597,
0.01191854476928711,
-0.36298829317092896,
-0.4687255918979645,
-0.041721343994140625,
0.22335204482078552,
-0.38197022676467896,
0.3647705018520355,
0.16161270439624786,
-0.07290420681238174,
-0.034407805651426315,
-0.0016237258678302169,
0.10196113586425781,
0.31657713651657104,
-0.190643310546875,
0.004422378726303577,
0.22929325699806213,
0.28594970703125,
0.2929931581020355,
-0.1172763854265213,
0.5300048589706421,
0.27714234590530396,
-0.10561523586511612,
-0.10637302696704865,
0.09790649265050888,
0.245941162109375,
0.22896499931812286,
0.07944641262292862,
0.1271209716796875,
-0.19082947075366974,
-0.04202689975500107,
0.3718017637729645,
-0.039069365710020065,
0.136627197265625,
0.2576660215854645,
0.2830810546875,
-0.23197022080421448,
-0.20457153022289276,
0.07190246880054474,
0.18403014540672302,
0.2615722715854645,
-0.18395081162452698,
0.09607086330652237,
0.12700195610523224,
-0.34465330839157104,
-0.013086033053696156,
0.09439297020435333,
0.40568846464157104,
0.45124512910842896,
-0.012420654296875,
0.2529296875,
0.5605713129043579,
0.31724852323532104,
-0.21418456733226776,
0.18725891411304474,
-0.08414153754711151,
-0.41102296113967896,
-0.37736815214157104,
-0.070159912109375,
0.07721023261547089,
0.47770994901657104,
0.09420470893383026,
0.06533203274011612,
-0.20897217094898224,
-0.562182605266571,
-0.14930419623851776,
-0.08726043999195099,
0.1781122237443924,
0.39329832792282104,
-0.05257568508386612,
0.11026148498058319,
0.5833740234375,
-0.06008300930261612,
0.1508026123046875,
4.192578315734863,
0.2501586973667145,
0.00020294189744163305,
-0.23869018256664276,
-0.3536743223667145,
0.10166549682617188,
0.24492187798023224,
-0.3733276426792145,
0.0634056106209755,
-0.08543243259191513,
0.01818695105612278,
0.49467772245407104,
0.07039587199687958,
-0.024377822875976562,
-0.0751953125,
0.23363037407398224,
0.3998046815395355,
0.11447753757238388,
0.2578491270542145,
0.4336181581020355,
-0.38823240995407104,
0.13410034775733948,
0.07982711493968964,
-0.4224609434604645,
-0.015466499142348766,
-0.0057655335403978825,
0.6698242425918579,
0.092498779296875,
0.05547180026769638,
0.3799072206020355,
-0.047149658203125,
0.16682739555835724,
0.2852596342563629,
0.15167847275733948,
-0.5947021245956421,
0.2791748046875,
0.2600952088832855,
0.19965210556983948,
0.07767486572265625,
0.32318115234375,
-0.3380371034145355,
0.20615234971046448,
0.427001953125,
0.29279786348342896,
0.40052491426467896,
-0.06667842715978622,
-0.004851341247558594,
0.4565673768520355,
0.09826507419347763,
-0.08243408054113388,
0.2660278379917145,
-0.14512939751148224,
-0.031957246363162994,
0.014533614739775658,
0.22036132216453552,
0.4319091737270355,
0.345703125,
0.30292969942092896,
0.037708282470703125,
-0.00432930001989007,
0.03448619693517685,
0.063720703125,
0.4451446533203125,
0.075897216796875,
-0.36712130904197693,
-0.13588257133960724,
0.05286102369427681,
0.21710816025733948,
0.399169921875,
-0.329803466796875,
0.22155150771141052,
0.42145997285842896,
0.40576171875,
-0.44501954317092896,
0.17180176079273224,
-0.19618530571460724,
-0.15995025634765625,
0.26890867948532104,
0.23509521782398224,
0.27082520723342896,
0.27140122652053833,
-0.22673340141773224,
-0.08764038234949112,
-0.03265228122472763,
-0.022027110680937767,
0.6329590082168579,
0.1214141845703125,
-0.510986328125,
0.43168944120407104,
-0.20242461562156677,
0.146270751953125,
0.3208862245082855,
0.21712645888328552,
0.36809080839157104,
-0.02975921705365181,
0.21097412705421448,
-0.22712402045726776,
-4.040820121765137,
0.24444580078125,
0.46708983182907104,
0.020311355590820312,
-0.01213836669921875,
-0.10854645073413849,
-0.12336425483226776,
0.030484771355986595,
-0.20936889946460724,
0.590380847454071,
-0.11349143832921982,
0.17564697563648224,
-0.10927505791187286,
0.2850494384765625,
0.44746094942092896,
0.2130674421787262,
0.45671385526657104,
0.0771583542227745,
0.34968262910842896,
0.0021461485885083675,
0.0061134337447583675,
-0.052367400377988815,
0.42070311307907104,
-0.40977782011032104,
0.1302032470703125,
0.04212665557861328,
0.16876220703125,
-0.2811645567417145,
0.16783447563648224,
0.03701629489660263,
-0.14386291801929474,
0.06871795654296875,
0.4944824278354645,
-0.15042725205421448,
0.1488601714372635,
0.33641356229782104,
0.29743194580078125,
0.13812561333179474,
0.3966064453125,
0.14945068955421448,
0.13615283370018005,
-0.08826752007007599,
0.4563232362270355,
-0.2063194215297699,
0.043766021728515625,
-0.11489105224609375,
-0.22610779106616974,
0.41145020723342896,
0.01655883714556694,
0.03302307054400444,
0.2031402587890625,
0.221099853515625,
-0.24733276665210724,
0.1891326904296875,
0.36309814453125,
-0.03597717359662056,
0.3514266908168793,
0.4667724668979645,
0.21592406928539276,
0.15466919541358948,
0.10939941555261612,
0.27171021699905396,
-0.028202438727021217,
-0.02924499474465847,
0.38661497831344604,
-0.38807374238967896,
0.0023445128463208675,
0.19662781059741974,
0.57958984375,
-0.21576233208179474,
-0.008914184756577015,
0.09622802585363388,
0.32373046875,
-0.44725340604782104,
0.220001220703125,
0.2860473692417145,
-0.1093902587890625,
-0.24375610053539276,
0.30168455839157104,
0.04444275051355362,
-0.020241547375917435,
-0.170399472117424,
-0.42878419160842896,
0.11048946529626846,
2.2427735328674316,
0.29847413301467896,
2.133984327316284,
0.251007080078125,
-0.3416595458984375,
0.401611328125,
-0.149322509765625,
0.2591552734375,
0.09296569973230362,
0.07677002251148224,
0.5007568597793579,
-0.1817169189453125,
-0.11815748363733292,
0.39836424589157104,
0.10319137573242188,
-0.3086181581020355,
0.245086669921875,
-0.836181640625,
0.4800048768520355,
-0.12437744438648224,
0.260009765625,
0.34536609053611755,
-0.23117676377296448,
-0.13929900527000427,
-0.06191863864660263,
0.01707153394818306,
-0.5022217035293579,
0.23236083984375,
0.20936278998851776,
-0.229644775390625,
-0.12957763671875,
0.5589599609375,
0.3336425721645355,
-0.05063781887292862,
-0.3089843690395355,
0.557666003704071,
0.113128662109375,
4.709374904632568,
-0.04969177395105362,
-0.0653502494096756,
0.14963683485984802,
-0.16888275742530823,
0.09394989162683487,
0.22077026963233948,
0.11446533352136612,
-0.1558380126953125,
0.20572814345359802,
-0.025600815191864967,
0.13000793755054474,
0.4499267637729645,
-0.266845703125,
0.04988140985369682,
0.013911438174545765,
-0.36964112520217896,
0.01767730712890625,
0.22449645400047302,
0.2939086854457855,
0.32203370332717896,
0.3621780276298523,
0.15510253608226776,
-0.03115873411297798,
0.09389190375804901,
0.05392332002520561,
0.16303710639476776,
-0.023694992065429688,
-0.10544433444738388,
0.24717406928539276,
0.18153075873851776,
5.476171970367432,
-0.09600810706615448,
0.04697418212890625,
-0.21566161513328552,
-0.22585448622703552,
0.3473266661167145,
-0.22354736924171448,
-0.03067312203347683,
-0.034352876245975494,
0.080657958984375,
-0.16789856553077698,
0.01827087439596653,
-0.17582397162914276,
0.7445312738418579,
-0.29838865995407104,
0.01011047326028347,
-0.17084351181983948,
-0.37175291776657104,
-0.007350158877670765,
-0.566943347454071,
0.3137573301792145,
0.3685546815395355,
0.17920073866844177,
-0.18829956650733948,
-0.07232284545898438,
0.0026252747047692537,
0.20545044541358948,
-0.14073333144187927,
-0.18694457411766052,
0.2646118104457855,
0.22636719048023224,
0.22919312119483948,
-0.2943481504917145,
0.08587189018726349,
-0.2052154541015625,
0.228118896484375,
0.05276031419634819,
0.300048828125,
-0.09953613579273224,
-0.217041015625,
0.1152496337890625,
0.17502442002296448,
-0.2661804258823395,
-0.1293487548828125,
-0.4049072265625,
-0.06757774204015732,
0.02033252641558647,
0.10024718940258026,
0.09827490150928497,
-0.02989482879638672,
0.5414062738418579,
0.0955657958984375,
1.092675805091858,
0.24231567978858948,
0.5316162109375,
0.34245604276657104,
-0.09435615688562393,
-0.11931152641773224,
-0.04529447481036186,
-0.3562683165073395,
0.5218261480331421,
0.12345276027917862,
0.18744811415672302,
0.118743896484375,
0.341552734375,
0.43867188692092896,
0.07979126274585724,
0.01394577044993639,
0.16506347060203552,
-0.1533355712890625,
-0.26252442598342896,
-0.08372287452220917,
-0.25318604707717896,
0.004687118344008923,
-0.02352600172162056,
0.4607788026332855,
0.18992003798484802,
-0.04236259311437607,
0.24375000596046448,
-0.27069091796875,
-0.135009765625,
-0.38836669921875,
-0.2670226991176605,
0.09601898491382599,
0.153594970703125,
0.01512985210865736,
-0.721972644329071,
0.16466674208641052,
0.23594895005226135,
-0.14050903916358948,
0.08746643364429474,
-0.08956451714038849,
0.01767425611615181,
0.36036378145217896,
0.11299590766429901,
0.23875732719898224,
0.4343505799770355,
0.643505871295929,
0.030129622668027878,
0.017435837537050247,
0.15867003798484802,
0.29107680916786194,
-0.02619781531393528,
-0.193603515625,
0.16459350287914276,
-0.023096466436982155,
0.16706542670726776,
0.09739112854003906,
0.028336334973573685,
0.18051758408546448,
0.47224122285842896,
0.29429322481155396,
-0.3319091796875,
0.2645263671875,
0.00730133056640625
] |
109 | Who is Pike's Peak named for? | [
{
"docid": "26257090#2",
"text": "\"Tava\" or \"sun\", is the Ute word that was given by these first people to the mountain that we now call Pikes Peak. The band of Ute people who called the Pikes Peak region their home were the \"Tabeguache\", meaning the \"People of Sun Mountain\". The Ute people first arrived in Colorado about 500 A.D., although their traditions state they were created on Pikes Peak. In the 1800s, when the Arapaho people arrived in Colorado, they knew the mountain as \"\"Heey-otoyoo' \"\" meaning \"Long Mountain\". Early Spanish explorers named the mountain \"\"El Capitán\"\" meaning \"The Leader\". American explorer Zebulon Pike named the mountain \"Highest Peak\" in 1806, and the mountain was later commonly known as \"Pike's Highest Peak\". American explorer Stephen Harriman Long named the mountain \"James Peak\" in honor of Edwin James who climbed to the summit in 1820. The mountain was later renamed \"Pike's Peak\" in honor of Pike. The name was simplified to \"Pikes Peak\" by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1890.",
"title": "Pikes Peak"
},
{
"docid": "269818#6",
"text": "On November 15, Pike recorded the first sight of the distant mountain he called \"Grand Peak\". It has since been called Pikes Peak in his honor. Pike tried to climb the peak, hoping to get a view of the surrounding area to record on maps, the 14,000-foot summit. Pike's group ascended a lesser summit nearby—likely Mount Miller, which was named for Theodore Miller, one of the soldiers who accompanied Pike. With winter threatening, Pike pressed onward up the Arkansas, and on December 7 the party reached Royal Gorge, a spectacular canyon on the Arkansas at the base of the Rocky Mountains.",
"title": "Pike Expedition"
},
{
"docid": "11668306#1",
"text": "It gets its name from the Iowa incarnation of Pikes Peak, a particularly high point overlooking the gorge of the Upper Mississippi, and like Pikes Peak in Colorado, is named for Zebulon Pike.",
"title": "Pikes Peak State Park"
},
{
"docid": "26257090#0",
"text": "Pikes Peak is the highest summit of the southern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, in North America. The ultra-prominent fourteener is located in Pike National Forest, west of downtown Colorado Springs, Colorado. The mountain is named in honor of American explorer Zebulon Pike, who was unable to reach the summit. The summit is higher than any point in the United States east of its longitude.",
"title": "Pikes Peak"
},
{
"docid": "52666340#2",
"text": "Pikes Peak most likely takes its name from the taller Pikes Peak, in the Rocky Mountains.",
"title": "Pikes Peak (Missouri)"
},
{
"docid": "81303#0",
"text": "Pike County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census the population was 32,899. Its county seat is Troy. Its name is in honor of General Zebulon Pike, of New Jersey, an explorer who led an expedition to southern Colorado and discovered Pikes Peak in 1806.",
"title": "Pike County, Alabama"
},
{
"docid": "217704#12",
"text": "In early November 1806, Pike and his team sighted and tried to climb to the summit of the peak later named after him (Pikes Peak). They made it as far as Mt. Rosa, located southeast of Pikes Peak, before giving up the ascent in waist-deep snow. They had already gone almost two days without food.",
"title": "Zebulon Pike"
},
{
"docid": "29872120#2",
"text": "The Tabeguache believed that the Pikes Peak region is their home. Their name for Pikes Peak is \"Tavakiev\", meaning sun mountain. Living a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle, summers were spent in the Pikes Peak area mountains, which was considered by other tribes to be the domain of the Utes. Pikes Peak was a sacred ceremonial area for the Tabeguache Utes, or people of Sun Mountain, including their Sundance grounds and culturally scarred Ponderosa Pines that were used for different purposes, including prayer, burial, peeled-bark medicine, and arborglyphs or message trees. Some of the trees are 800 years old. An endowment was established by the Pikes Peak Historical Society in 2001 to help members of the Ute Nation to return to their homelands around Pikes Peak.\nIn the fall they would travel Ute Pass and visit the springs where they \"made offerings to the spirits of the springs for good health and good hunting\". There were about ten mineral springs, called \"manitou\" for the \"breath of the Great Spirit Manitou\" believed to have created the bubbles, or \"effervescence\", in the spring water. The springs were considered sacred grounds where Native Americans drank and soaked in the mineral water to replenish and heal themselves. Ute and other tribes came to the area, spent winters there, and \"share[d] in the gifts of the waters without worry of conflict.\" Artifacts found from the nearby Garden of the Gods, such as grinding stones, \"suggest the groups would gather together after their hunt to complete the tanning of hides and processing of meat.\"",
"title": "Uncompahgre Ute"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "625323#0",
"text": "Pike's Peak Country was the name given to the gold mining region of the western United States near Pikes Peak during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush of 1858-1861. The Pike's Peak Country included the region of western Kansas Territory roughly west of the 104th meridian west and the region of southwestern Nebraska Territory roughly west of the 104th meridian west and south of the 41st parallel north. The Pike's Peak Country became the heart of the extralegal Jefferson Territory on October 24, 1859, and the Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861.",
"title": "Pike's Peak Country"
},
{
"docid": "2246397#19",
"text": "Snarker Pike is probably ‘snake peak’ from Old English \"snaca\", a snake, plus pike. In 1764 its name was recorded as \"Snake Pike\". Originally it may have been Snake How (from \"snaca\" plus dialect \"how(e)\", a hill or mound), which became contracted to Snarker and then had ‘pike’ added. It seems strange that this hill should be associated with snakes, though adders are not uncommon in the Lake District. Pike is a dialect work for a peak or summit, from either Old English \"pīc\" or Old Norse \"pík\". This is frequently used for the summit of a fell, and then for the fell itself. Some of these names are ancient, but many are more modern.",
"title": "Red Screes"
}
] | [
0.8365145325660706,
-0.11443398147821426,
0.053355131298303604,
0.20639315247535706,
0.5302068591117859,
0.11697110533714294,
0.09608585387468338,
-0.3249567151069641,
-0.000415802001953125,
0.5886452198028564,
-0.11815157532691956,
-0.2544611096382141,
-0.4071599841117859,
-0.08487632125616074,
-0.004906394053250551,
-0.0006949685048311949,
0.4193892180919647,
0.04050237312912941,
-0.11605939269065857,
0.1384270340204239,
-0.014089194126427174,
0.4196111559867859,
-0.11840751022100449,
0.35915306210517883,
0.03961814567446709,
0.2893510162830353,
-0.23719371855258942,
0.2589111328125,
0.24796919524669647,
0.3890935778617859,
0.4111993908882141,
-0.031591590493917465,
0.20030628144741058,
0.3495372533798218,
-0.40073463320732117,
0.384765625,
0.11623590439558029,
0.1406915783882141,
0.2584117650985718,
0.10834711045026779,
0.24440695345401764,
-0.2698530852794647,
0.22563309967517853,
-0.0016895640874281526,
0.2036992907524109,
-0.21240927278995514,
0.10839700698852539,
0.20193690061569214,
-0.203206405043602,
0.20711655914783478,
-0.20980557799339294,
0.03915543854236603,
-0.126861572265625,
-0.32931241393089294,
-0.2941727936267853,
0.16966108977794647,
0.1503545641899109,
0.34066495299339294,
0.10556585341691971,
-0.034972451627254486,
0.08816251158714294,
-0.004317500162869692,
-0.3837890625,
-0.15601696074008942,
-0.13100919127464294,
0.07397738099098206,
0.10467252135276794,
0.1760919690132141,
0.5350452661514282,
-0.03132767975330353,
-0.09855929017066956,
0.416748046875,
0.49576082825660706,
0.042342446744441986,
0.31649503111839294,
-0.4944957494735718,
0.18730579316616058,
0.34568092226982117,
0.4251154065132141,
-0.17325662076473236,
0.5072576403617859,
-0.13059788942337036,
-0.22017599642276764,
0.09476263076066971,
-0.04771561920642853,
0.5267000794410706,
-0.18808816373348236,
-0.006526600103825331,
-0.043719206005334854,
0.5592151880264282,
-0.21142578125,
0.43661221861839294,
0.3056959807872772,
-0.27392578125,
0.041974153369665146,
0.35498046875,
0.31203392148017883,
-0.17153097689151764,
-0.07564752548933029,
-0.06880118697881699,
0.08680031448602676,
-0.3532159924507141,
-0.30352783203125,
0.5629661083221436,
0.2281702160835266,
-0.39306640625,
-0.35121849179267883,
0.4026988744735718,
-0.014248240739107132,
0.2558038830757141,
0.3136652112007141,
-0.15746654570102692,
-0.04126548767089844,
-0.4096568822860718,
0.15947376191616058,
0.044377587735652924,
0.23204456269741058,
-0.2041015625,
-0.14871840178966522,
-0.8539151549339294,
0.14191783964633942,
0.3462357819080353,
-0.2708629369735718,
-0.21883322298526764,
-0.08392195403575897,
0.229095458984375,
0.5522682666778564,
-0.06754233688116074,
0.6120827198028564,
0.5661399364471436,
0.4866832494735718,
0.2735484838485718,
0.4740101099014282,
0.5898881554603577,
0.5620782971382141,
0.007838856428861618,
0.2050226330757141,
-0.22524191439151764,
-0.026484055444598198,
-0.1292273849248886,
-0.20745572447776794,
-0.16483931243419647,
-0.27329322695732117,
0.5042398571968079,
-0.15924349427223206,
0.13178882002830505,
0.15771484375,
0.6250444054603577,
0.04579024016857147,
0.4127974212169647,
0.06103654205799103,
0.22237049043178558,
-0.10546319931745529,
0.4470991790294647,
-0.17964310944080353,
-0.09502458572387695,
0.18716707825660706,
0.015800433233380318,
-0.005043723154813051,
-0.09749395400285721,
0.6843483448028564,
0.26114168763160706,
0.10544100403785706,
-0.37325772643089294,
0.3599409759044647,
0.39943626523017883,
0.2653253674507141,
0.36392489075660706,
0.5991654992103577,
-0.21661029756069183,
-0.09525784850120544,
0.26956453919410706,
0.16895364224910736,
-0.1887872815132141,
0.046607278287410736,
0.2618408203125,
0.06903353333473206,
-0.1695001721382141,
-0.061022672802209854,
0.1344965100288391,
0.2887628674507141,
0.14622220396995544,
0.3932550549507141,
0.5294078588485718,
0.4973588287830353,
0.18032385408878326,
0.19514326751232147,
-0.04318792000412941,
-0.202911376953125,
0.5347789525985718,
-0.04242914542555809,
0.31014183163642883,
0.24953946471214294,
-0.28487327694892883,
-0.22880415618419647,
0.47378817200660706,
0.1635076403617859,
0.18030895292758942,
-0.2637467682361603,
0.28232643008232117,
0.03990728035569191,
0.37857332825660706,
-0.6884765625,
0.28269264101982117,
0.3966730237007141,
-0.1796875,
-0.31253328919410706,
-0.12415521591901779,
-0.09942834824323654,
-0.07321444153785706,
0.311126708984375,
0.044102754443883896,
-0.3091597259044647,
0.3956742584705353,
-0.3147416412830353,
0.0879748985171318,
-0.4017278552055359,
0.19193615019321442,
0.4476318359375,
0.2649480700492859,
-0.15931285917758942,
0.5091441869735718,
-0.06973821669816971,
0.03419910743832588,
0.053128328174352646,
0.009291908703744411,
-0.0709991455078125,
-0.4591619372367859,
0.011576219461858273,
-0.15736527740955353,
0.17316541075706482,
0.17254777252674103,
-0.06709983199834824,
-0.1422063708305359,
0.35196200013160706,
0.0827355831861496,
0.25073519349098206,
0.03697395324707031,
-0.14185680449008942,
-0.20605745911598206,
0.1716253161430359,
0.23684969544410706,
-0.2336450070142746,
0.3627263903617859,
0.15159468352794647,
0.17034322023391724,
0.2703746557235718,
-0.24308083951473236,
-0.16804642975330353,
-0.21682462096214294,
-0.09443803131580353,
-0.00873843114823103,
0.028532201424241066,
-0.004106174688786268,
-0.01208218652755022,
0.3378462493419647,
0.056928809732198715,
-0.18830455839633942,
-0.12875227630138397,
0.15164461731910706,
0.5393510460853577,
0.10792957991361618,
-0.09707815200090408,
0.15559110045433044,
-0.004383434075862169,
-0.12777017056941986,
-0.2956653833389282,
0.48324307799339294,
0.32712623476982117,
0.11700716614723206,
0.3024402856826782,
-0.21017733216285706,
-0.04410899803042412,
0.221649169921875,
-0.3974609375,
0.08042630553245544,
0.45790794491767883,
-0.2758345305919647,
-0.3521173596382141,
0.16834329068660736,
0.5334028601646423,
0.016450362280011177,
0.08325750380754471,
0.19420276582241058,
0.2356622815132141,
0.49587181210517883,
-0.2948108911514282,
-0.08625442534685135,
-0.39816007018089294,
-0.21438321471214294,
0.09032023698091507,
0.5531560778617859,
-0.23907470703125,
-0.45204856991767883,
0.035571012645959854,
0.3305109143257141,
-0.02046654373407364,
-0.08496163040399551,
0.12576016783714294,
-0.21099853515625,
0.48952415585517883,
-0.3633478283882141,
0.461669921875,
-0.21323741972446442,
-0.12742406129837036,
-0.2449188232421875,
-0.01725798286497593,
-0.3003595471382141,
0.046420011669397354,
0.3494873046875,
0.10788657516241074,
-0.5816539525985718,
0.20112401247024536,
-0.0014665777562186122,
0.6243785619735718,
0.6286177039146423,
0.2005975842475891,
-0.2674560546875,
0.41836825013160706,
0.14309415221214294,
0.2404230237007141,
-0.13233670592308044,
-0.1932927966117859,
-0.3442826569080353,
0.12340059876441956,
-0.23575106263160706,
-0.009249947033822536,
-0.4057173430919647,
0.4111438989639282,
0.15139493346214294,
0.40419700741767883,
-0.019135909155011177,
-0.2110595703125,
-0.3173162341117859,
-0.11017816513776779,
0.3582652807235718,
-0.11131425201892853,
0.21712423861026764,
0.06647074967622757,
-0.5251020789146423,
-0.24944548308849335,
-0.24252042174339294,
0.16017843782901764,
0.3217884302139282,
-0.3369029760360718,
0.26461514830589294,
0.06283985823392868,
-0.18766368925571442,
0.5514692664146423,
-0.03349720314145088,
0.458251953125,
0.024714035913348198,
-0.10974676162004471,
-0.19321511685848236,
0.19034646451473236,
-0.17724609375,
-0.1418817639350891,
0.03928167000412941,
0.24308638274669647,
-0.24283114075660706,
0.41623756289482117,
0.500732421875,
0.4772505462169647,
0.08301648497581482,
0.006358753424137831,
0.6793546080589294,
0.023167697712779045,
0.09584114700555801,
-0.106231689453125,
0.12092087417840958,
0.12331806868314743,
-0.5120516419410706,
-0.01911163330078125,
-0.15218700468540192,
-0.2848566174507141,
-0.2938787341117859,
-0.1782146841287613,
0.8479669690132141,
0.5155805945396423,
0.3791060149669647,
-0.0373712033033371,
0.48874732851982117,
0.027070652693510056,
-0.06282706558704376,
-0.14514437317848206,
0.13019908964633942,
0.22804398834705353,
0.16828328371047974,
0.02311394363641739,
0.0756683349609375,
0.3895818591117859,
0.2252197265625,
-0.2963978052139282,
-0.016672654077410698,
-0.04712815582752228,
0.09553111344575882,
-0.11378895491361618,
0.05692638084292412,
0.5686700940132141,
-0.07166636735200882,
0.039500150829553604,
0.12763699889183044,
0.30434349179267883,
0.33461692929267883,
4.236860752105713,
0.2759454846382141,
0.2608198821544647,
0.04343830421566963,
0.019463278353214264,
0.9619584679603577,
0.5367320775985718,
-0.3231866955757141,
-0.022342335432767868,
0.11809089034795761,
0.09546453505754471,
0.17943225800991058,
0.20697021484375,
0.3267364501953125,
0.13293786346912384,
0.3196244537830353,
0.02196710743010044,
0.5755504369735718,
-0.13206897675991058,
0.25479403138160706,
-0.4940740466117859,
0.20265890657901764,
0.5156028270721436,
0.07054415345191956,
0.4092240631580353,
0.26144132018089294,
0.0511474609375,
0.15762120485305786,
0.4370560944080353,
0.3006480932235718,
-0.05756031349301338,
0.26473167538642883,
-0.05118769034743309,
-0.11002696305513382,
-1.1702769994735718,
0.5043723583221436,
0.41512784361839294,
0.2377985119819641,
-0.14094404876232147,
-0.11662153899669647,
-0.18865966796875,
0.2242376208305359,
0.25534889101982117,
0.44620028138160706,
0.19090963900089264,
-0.3873956799507141,
-0.184326171875,
0.2869873046875,
0.036782003939151764,
0.2919366955757141,
0.113440603017807,
0.10196030884981155,
-0.25866004824638367,
-0.10746002197265625,
0.16689924895763397,
0.4449352025985718,
0.2537841796875,
0.2916703522205353,
0.019754409790039062,
0.17022982239723206,
0.21033824980258942,
-0.14451183378696442,
0.4870494604110718,
0.11889717727899551,
0.014447558671236038,
0.08038191497325897,
0.30095604062080383,
0.28273704648017883,
-0.08914461731910706,
-0.2817119359970093,
0.2568803131580353,
0.28238192200660706,
0.1705877184867859,
-0.2998712658882141,
-0.04569001495838165,
0.14117708802223206,
-0.6013849377632141,
-0.20262838900089264,
0.034310080111026764,
0.09625660628080368,
0.3673539459705353,
-0.006767966318875551,
0.15462423861026764,
0.13909253478050232,
-0.27854016423225403,
0.4587846100330353,
0.10016978532075882,
-0.010520241223275661,
0.42056551575660706,
-0.2042236328125,
0.3155406713485718,
-0.162811279296875,
0.12341863662004471,
0.5387296080589294,
-0.05552534759044647,
0.06746604293584824,
0.8004261255264282,
-3.956143379211426,
0.16202615201473236,
-0.0044527919963002205,
-0.03716295585036278,
0.17624734342098236,
-0.17775101959705353,
0.3151744604110718,
0.12454015761613846,
-0.7071644067764282,
0.18896484375,
-0.2828812897205353,
-0.07943760603666306,
-0.1566564440727234,
0.3419855237007141,
0.2806396484375,
0.1859075427055359,
0.32509544491767883,
0.034790560603141785,
0.38498756289482117,
-0.1995183825492859,
0.2781815826892853,
0.23414750397205353,
0.24782492220401764,
-0.05003495514392853,
-0.042204681783914566,
-0.07582785934209824,
0.7173739075660706,
-0.4825550317764282,
0.11976554244756699,
-0.07823319733142853,
0.2588306665420532,
0.1119232177734375,
0.5083229541778564,
-0.10657847672700882,
0.26045921444892883,
0.14658285677433014,
0.18422351777553558,
0.08729622513055801,
0.16785778105258942,
0.2696976959705353,
-0.18551912903785706,
0.09414534270763397,
0.6039151549339294,
0.1814630627632141,
-0.03314191475510597,
0.14353109896183014,
-0.21296276152133942,
0.4596502184867859,
-0.0343475341796875,
-0.07269737869501114,
-0.07480187714099884,
0.4034867584705353,
-0.008149580098688602,
0.0005243474734015763,
0.6658380627632141,
-0.11237959563732147,
-0.13641218841075897,
0.027947859838604927,
0.030955921858549118,
0.374755859375,
0.08043046295642853,
-0.2144012451171875,
0.11298847198486328,
-0.10503873229026794,
0.23809780180454254,
0.10955654829740524,
0.0235302671790123,
0.37746360898017883,
0.10985218733549118,
-0.3408251702785492,
0.4605602025985718,
0.13712935149669647,
0.37820711731910706,
-0.3813365697860718,
0.02692621387541294,
0.5062589049339294,
-0.109893798828125,
-0.24321399629116058,
0.7969194054603577,
0.14946676790714264,
-0.06466258317232132,
0.06538356095552444,
-0.37939453125,
0.4438920319080353,
2.265713691711426,
0.4541681408882141,
2.236860752105713,
0.2969859838485718,
0.1658380627632141,
0.35593482851982117,
-0.6434881091117859,
-0.12322442978620529,
-0.11144742369651794,
0.15934337675571442,
-0.06367076188325882,
-0.00313256005756557,
-0.005269831046462059,
-0.2778375744819641,
-0.10532864928245544,
0.3483442962169647,
0.36008521914482117,
-0.9960049986839294,
0.12892566621303558,
-0.05186600983142853,
0.33975496888160706,
-0.05113358795642853,
-0.14975252747535706,
0.3215387463569641,
-0.19351473450660706,
-0.14032191038131714,
-0.0031294389627873898,
-0.0018046986078843474,
0.2981511950492859,
0.1413213610649109,
0.042105935513973236,
-0.06465285271406174,
0.32260963320732117,
-0.03637348487973213,
0.29872825741767883,
0.1261211782693863,
-0.08272604644298553,
4.669389247894287,
-0.12648287415504456,
-0.06678633391857147,
-0.028962569311261177,
0.05862218514084816,
0.13041409850120544,
0.2946666479110718,
-0.04265594482421875,
-0.07843364030122757,
0.419189453125,
0.8494318127632141,
0.1624755859375,
-0.24755859375,
-0.2856001555919647,
0.18394885957241058,
0.20055527985095978,
0.07523901015520096,
0.09300509095191956,
0.14644275605678558,
0.11504017561674118,
0.3338512182235718,
0.2852672338485718,
0.49942293763160706,
0.10466697067022324,
-0.025698574259877205,
0.03614391013979912,
0.4613814055919647,
-0.6090864539146423,
-0.1368616223335266,
-0.5225940942764282,
0.18070290982723236,
5.470880508422852,
0.021142439916729927,
-0.09655077010393143,
-0.2628340423107147,
0.14664112031459808,
0.39501953125,
-0.004524924326688051,
-0.19184459745883942,
-0.1443536877632141,
-0.1298883557319641,
0.021754352375864983,
-0.09632527083158493,
-0.29000577330589294,
0.3458251953125,
0.22440962493419647,
-0.051392123103141785,
-0.04156632721424103,
0.00872317235916853,
0.006674484815448523,
-0.17897726595401764,
0.5920631885528564,
-0.251278281211853,
0.1911565661430359,
-0.5125066637992859,
-0.4259782135486603,
0.0051394375041127205,
0.06521300971508026,
0.17794522643089294,
-0.15528731048107147,
0.3408203125,
0.2961314916610718,
-0.37777432799339294,
-0.6316362023353577,
0.3465465307235718,
-0.15721268951892853,
0.11960098892450333,
0.3604070544242859,
-0.06285233795642853,
0.7953657507896423,
0.023577602580189705,
0.1534416824579239,
0.17373241484165192,
-0.1463775634765625,
-0.05670720711350441,
-0.21047140657901764,
-0.05352210998535156,
-0.10419637709856033,
0.16943359375,
-0.033873818814754486,
-0.11499578505754471,
0.19490328431129456,
-0.15842507779598236,
0.9616477489471436,
0.10088548064231873,
0.21500466763973236,
0.45803001523017883,
-0.08721854537725449,
0.2786199450492859,
0.3830122649669647,
-0.3266046643257141,
0.5254017114639282,
0.13671042025089264,
-0.3071843981742859,
0.33005592226982117,
0.4344371557235718,
0.07302509993314743,
0.08344338089227676,
0.061902131885290146,
0.47043678164482117,
-0.18088878691196442,
0.14314408600330353,
0.19175581634044647,
0.011748227290809155,
0.3324640393257141,
-0.25693580508232117,
0.07257218658924103,
0.7973188757896423,
-0.4827991724014282,
-0.19997058808803558,
-0.018504749983549118,
-0.08723866194486618,
-0.16853471100330353,
-0.44595614075660706,
0.19454123079776764,
-0.08365145325660706,
0.14199551939964294,
-0.029993923380970955,
0.113739013671875,
0.22553323209285736,
0.38230201601982117,
0.24461780488491058,
0.4600275158882141,
0.30910423398017883,
0.6283513903617859,
0.14299358427524567,
0.2624567151069641,
0.1433083862066269,
0.39932528138160706,
-0.21375204622745514,
0.32149991393089294,
-0.3330743908882141,
-0.10923350602388382,
0.1695612072944641,
-0.038908179849386215,
0.07785658538341522,
-0.12913790345191956,
0.30016258358955383,
-0.23716042935848236,
-0.20234264433383942,
0.25429466366767883,
0.3746227025985718,
0.08633284270763397,
-0.4066939055919647,
0.05502978339791298,
-0.20779696106910706
] |
110 | Does the Audi S4 come with manual transmission option? | [
{
"docid": "1432147#56",
"text": "Acceleration from a standstill to takes 5.1 seconds for the saloon with manual gearbox, the Avant one tenth of a second slower at 5.2 seconds. The same dash to 100 km/h in the saloon with S tronic takes 5.3 seconds, and the Avant at 5.4 seconds. The top speed is electronically limited to . However, a comparison in the American automotive magazine \"Road & Track\" showed the sprint from 0 to 60 mph in only 4.5 seconds for the 6-speed manual transmission. With figures like these, the B8 S4 accelerates more quickly than its V8-engined predecessors. Audi of America claims that the version of the S4 achieves 28 highway miles per gallon, and a 0 to acceleration time of 4.9 seconds with the manual transmission and 5.1 seconds with the S tronic. Fuel consumption is rated at a combined . Therefore, the B8 S4, unlike the V8-powered B6/7 models, avoids the US gas guzzler tax. The B8 S4's 3.0 TFSI engine also gets only 1 m.p.g. less than the base 2.0 TFSI engine. This is one of the most important reasons for Audi to downsize their engines, while keeping the output equivalent better, by using forced-induction such as supercharging or turbocharging.",
"title": "Audi S4"
},
{
"docid": "2208853#7",
"text": "Audi made a high-performance, 4.2-litre V8 engine (parts code prefix: 077, identification code: AEC) with a Bosch KE-Motronic ECU available as an option in the original European S4s, and made the decision to continue to do so with the S6, making a version of the 4.2 available as an optional upgrade over the 2.2-litre inline five-cylinder turbo. Unlike the five-cylinder turbocharged version, the V8-powered S6 was supplied with a four-speed automatic transmission as standard, but kept the quattro four wheel drive. A six-speed manual gearbox was also available as an option.",
"title": "Audi S6"
},
{
"docid": "540028#8",
"text": "Audi made a high-performance, 4.2-litre V8 engine (parts code prefix: 077, identification code: AEC) with a Bosch KE-Motronic ECU available as an option in the original European S4s, and made the decision to continue to do so with the S6, making a version of the 4.2 available as an optional upgrade over the 2.2-litre inline five-cylinder turbo. Unlike the five-cylinder turbocharged version, the V8-powered S6 was supplied with a four-speed automatic transmission as standard, but kept the quattro four wheel drive. A six-speed manual gearbox was also available as an option.",
"title": "Audi A6"
},
{
"docid": "1432147#13",
"text": "Audi's quattro four-wheel-drive system was standard on the C4 S4/S6; a first-generation Torsen-based system which used the \"T-1\" automatically biasing centre differential (ATB) was used on vehicles equipped with manual transmissions, while a transfer box based system was used on vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission.",
"title": "Audi S4"
},
{
"docid": "2935445#1",
"text": "The Ur-S4 was produced from 1991 to 1994, while the Ur-S6 was produced from 1995 to 1997. They both featured a 2.2 litre, 5-cylinder engine with turbocharging and an intercooler, with of torque. In Europe, V8-powered versions of both S4 and S6 were available. The S4 version sported a engine (the same \"ABH\" engine as in Audi V8), the S6 had an upgraded engine \"AEC\" with . American versions featured a 5-speed manual transmission and in Europe a 6-speed, as well as a 4-speed automatic transmission could be substituted.",
"title": "Audi Ur-S4 / Ur-S6"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1432147#55",
"text": "This engine is mated to either a six-speed manual transmission (identification code: KMR) or a seven-speed 'S tronic' DL501 dual clutch transmission (identification code: LHK), the latter with steering wheel mounted paddle-shifters for tiptronic gear selection, which replaces the Tiptronic automatic transmissions found in the B6/B7 iterations. The 'Audi quattro Sports differential' fitted in the rear axle final drive unit is available as an option.",
"title": "Audi S4"
},
{
"docid": "1432147#22",
"text": "As in the previous S4, a six-speed C90 manual transmission (parts code prefix: 01E, identification code: DSY, gear ratios: 1st: 3.500, 2nd: 1.889, 3rd: 1.231, 4th: 0.967, 5th: 0.806, 6th: 0.684) was standard equipment, as was the Torsen T-2 quattro permanent all-wheel drive system. Final drive (parts code prefix: 01H, identification code: DQA) ratio is 4.111. A five-speed ZF 5HP19 tiptronic automatic transmission (parts code prefix:01V) became available for the first time as an option.",
"title": "Audi S4"
},
{
"docid": "1432147#12",
"text": "Both five- and six-speed manual transmissions (parts code prefix: 01E, identification codes: five-speed: CBD, CET, six-speed: CBL, CMG) were offered to European customers, but a five-speed manual was the only transmission available in North America; a four-speed automatic transmission (parts code prefix: 01F, identification code: CBF) was available as an option worldwide. Front and rear axle final drive ratio is either 4.111 or 3.889 (dependent on transmission type), and the rear axle (parts code prefix: 017, identification codes: AAT, AET) uses a driver-selectable electro-pneumatic-mechanical switchable diff lock.",
"title": "Audi S4"
},
{
"docid": "1432147#36",
"text": "Like its predecessors, the B6 S4 was standard with a Getrag six-speed (M6S) manual transmission (parts code prefix: 0A3, identification codes: FVD, HEP) (gear ratios - 1st: 3.667, 2nd: 2.050, 3rd: 1.462, 4th: 1.133, 5th: 0.919, 6th: 0.778), with a single plate dry clutch, and Torsen T-2 quattro permanent four-wheel drive system. Final drive (parts code prefix: 01R, identification code: EXZ) ratios are 3.889, giving a top gear road speed to engine revs ratio of per 1000 rpm. From July 2003, the ZF 6HP19 tiptronic automatic transmission (parts code prefix: 09L, identification codes: GUR, HHU) (ratios - 1st: 4.171, 2nd: 2.340, 3rd: 1.521, 4th: 1.143, 5th: 0.867, 6th: 0.691, with a final drive (identification code: GDF) ratio of 3.539) was included as an option.",
"title": "Audi S4"
},
{
"docid": "1432147#43",
"text": "There are a few mechanical changes, such as revised springs and dampers and, from model year 2007, an updated Torsen T-3 automatically biasing centre differential, featuring a 'default' asymmetric 40:60 front-rear torque split on manual transmission models, along with the later Bosch ESP 8.0 Electronic Stability Programme and gloss black painted brake calipers. The 'Avus-III' wheels now became an option, and were replaced by a standard offering 8.0Jx18 inch 'S-design' 7-spoke forged alloy wheel.",
"title": "Audi S4"
}
] | [
0.4063924252986908,
0.07527033239603043,
-0.276135116815567,
0.386383056640625,
0.11724090576171875,
0.3060539662837982,
0.2695719301700592,
-0.400146484375,
0.4410807192325592,
0.15244293212890625,
-0.12602679431438446,
-0.53314208984375,
-0.140289306640625,
0.4035695493221283,
0.0852254256606102,
0.29148611426353455,
0.6204426884651184,
0.1730702668428421,
0.2582193911075592,
0.4193318784236908,
-0.15887451171875,
0.6204426884651184,
0.2763875424861908,
0.2428080290555954,
-0.15819168090820312,
0.0710805281996727,
-0.014838536269962788,
0.4449666440486908,
0.004686037544161081,
0.08896986395120621,
0.008400599472224712,
0.11179415136575699,
-0.1374969482421875,
0.26745352149009705,
-0.16877460479736328,
0.3028055727481842,
-0.025032997131347656,
0.1795399934053421,
-0.0293706264346838,
0.1769765168428421,
-0.2586161196231842,
0.190683051943779,
0.0028680164832621813,
0.2001291960477829,
0.20218372344970703,
0.03968365862965584,
0.020515283569693565,
0.09565480798482895,
-0.2936452329158783,
0.10256576538085938,
-0.1127522811293602,
0.03354485705494881,
-0.14055030047893524,
0.195648193359375,
-0.12910588085651398,
0.3741556704044342,
-0.2046000212430954,
0.4968210756778717,
0.3351542055606842,
-0.13817501068115234,
0.2691752016544342,
0.3059438169002533,
-0.1945088654756546,
0.2863362729549408,
-0.020112991333007812,
0.24261474609375,
-0.17578125,
0.2545877993106842,
0.3710193634033203,
0.3968607485294342,
-0.0369461365044117,
0.53363037109375,
0.4290364682674408,
0.326568603515625,
0.3410542905330658,
-0.0874846801161766,
0.3310546875,
0.12807051837444305,
0.385498046875,
-0.3235270082950592,
0.09551747888326645,
-0.2234293669462204,
-0.12312698364257812,
0.07879193872213364,
-0.3165690004825592,
0.5144450068473816,
-0.239166259765625,
0.13027699291706085,
0.5760090947151184,
0.12515640258789062,
-0.07058080285787582,
0.08932749181985855,
0.059612274169921875,
-0.01239140797406435,
0.16198475658893585,
-0.0976053848862648,
0.2456309050321579,
-0.16360314190387726,
-0.1883392333984375,
-0.1276092529296875,
-0.09268442541360855,
-0.11465135961771011,
0.04855028912425041,
0.2853291928768158,
0.223724365234375,
-0.38983154296875,
-0.2143300324678421,
-0.0786031112074852,
0.02528890036046505,
0.1495768278837204,
0.2020975798368454,
-0.1500600129365921,
0.0809326171875,
0.4907633364200592,
0.028215566650032997,
0.08787918090820312,
0.3040091097354889,
-0.1572621613740921,
-0.4442952573299408,
-0.6106160283088684,
0.664794921875,
0.13977749645709991,
-0.43365478515625,
0.15072377026081085,
-0.2099507600069046,
0.06669902801513672,
0.5592854619026184,
-0.006833950523287058,
0.5907999873161316,
0.2935791015625,
0.03183015063405037,
0.647705078125,
-0.1193627119064331,
0.6001179814338684,
0.036446887999773026,
-0.3345756530761719,
0.4327799379825592,
-0.1726175993680954,
-0.015278537757694721,
-0.3409169614315033,
0.2871805727481842,
-0.1644236296415329,
0.1866811066865921,
0.4725138247013092,
0.06150214001536369,
0.3278605043888092,
0.13129933178424835,
0.2642110288143158,
-0.05450439453125,
0.2612711489200592,
0.3232625424861908,
-0.267578125,
-0.2570597231388092,
0.6412760615348816,
-0.010600407607853413,
-0.07012049108743668,
0.14715702831745148,
0.429443359375,
0.3966178894042969,
0.06286367028951645,
0.8185221552848816,
0.4892578125,
-0.08269882202148438,
0.3290456235408783,
0.4144999086856842,
-0.17509205639362335,
-0.1961873322725296,
0.63568115234375,
0.4832967221736908,
-0.2169189453125,
-0.2213338166475296,
0.2497507780790329,
0.0014139810809865594,
-0.34698486328125,
0.026981988921761513,
0.3902384340763092,
-0.3365987241268158,
-0.07467397302389145,
0.14103150367736816,
0.3387705385684967,
0.029923757538199425,
0.2979278564453125,
0.4702962338924408,
-0.3466695249080658,
0.620361328125,
0.3224588930606842,
0.2848917543888092,
-0.3564186096191406,
0.1472574919462204,
0.3946329653263092,
0.31243896484375,
0.02581024169921875,
0.6614176630973816,
0.0059871673583984375,
0.3621622622013092,
0.03313000872731209,
-0.2420756071805954,
0.3804117739200592,
-0.18742115795612335,
0.4161580502986908,
0.08868709951639175,
-0.4910888671875,
-0.3207295835018158,
0.224212646484375,
0.358642578125,
-0.3532002866268158,
0.17517852783203125,
-0.1368662565946579,
-0.03358618542551994,
-0.10275586694478989,
-0.2671305239200592,
0.12429046630859375,
0.1305592805147171,
-0.020786920562386513,
-0.1291934996843338,
0.3667093813419342,
0.17312367260456085,
0.09781074523925781,
0.4039815366268158,
-0.03341357037425041,
-0.1785074919462204,
0.2965087890625,
-0.37269338965415955,
0.021741867065429688,
0.14510218799114227,
-0.11460813134908676,
-0.11135292053222656,
-0.5899658203125,
0.3069203794002533,
0.19499652087688446,
-0.006694793701171875,
0.02317277528345585,
0.1215972900390625,
-0.3919270932674408,
0.06762441247701645,
0.1048685684800148,
0.6048583984375,
0.3735249936580658,
-0.08352407068014145,
-0.0471954345703125,
-0.1942780762910843,
-0.2169087678194046,
-0.1757761687040329,
0.299468994140625,
0.3471578061580658,
-0.275482177734375,
0.3525390625,
0.15269558131694794,
-0.3288472592830658,
-0.04400324821472168,
-0.03903897479176521,
-0.1322423666715622,
-0.3574269711971283,
0.27587890625,
-0.17647044360637665,
0.3771769106388092,
-0.241058349609375,
-0.4621378481388092,
-0.0388641357421875,
0.2820332944393158,
0.0005995432729832828,
0.23105907440185547,
0.41229248046875,
0.06650503724813461,
-0.3002115786075592,
0.2781982421875,
0.15803401172161102,
0.57012939453125,
0.2538248598575592,
0.6966959834098816,
0.1450551301240921,
-0.38470458984375,
-0.05584605410695076,
0.2974344789981842,
-0.11778005212545395,
0.3170166015625,
-0.2907053530216217,
-0.1898549348115921,
-0.15560977160930634,
0.03246815875172615,
0.3756917417049408,
-0.4947713315486908,
-0.11613718420267105,
0.2847391664981842,
0.1235198974609375,
0.01213836669921875,
-0.20294825732707977,
-0.1324005126953125,
-0.3564656674861908,
-0.025524139404296875,
0.5163981318473816,
0.3296712338924408,
0.139962837100029,
-0.1969197541475296,
-0.015535990707576275,
0.4982706606388092,
0.02861531637609005,
-0.09379037469625473,
0.05052471160888672,
0.2051493376493454,
0.5163370966911316,
-0.0123227434232831,
-0.082905612885952,
0.3028818666934967,
0.09327951818704605,
-0.24760818481445312,
-0.1752115935087204,
0.4892984926700592,
-0.06572660058736801,
0.22080929577350616,
0.8668619990348816,
-0.1422932893037796,
-0.1714986115694046,
0.258148193359375,
0.324127197265625,
0.5347900390625,
0.23383712768554688,
0.1893564909696579,
0.8887125849723816,
0.023698488250374794,
-0.26959228515625,
-0.3920084536075592,
-0.3512166440486908,
-0.1938374787569046,
0.214324951171875,
-0.6270751953125,
0.1438732147216797,
0.06031537055969238,
0.15046627819538116,
-0.2335255891084671,
0.3057403564453125,
0.26971498131752014,
-0.2617391049861908,
0.05402151867747307,
-0.13539886474609375,
0.12127494812011719,
-0.13481831550598145,
0.3868204653263092,
-0.5472208857536316,
-0.058259010314941406,
-0.22576141357421875,
-0.016468048095703125,
-0.5601603388786316,
0.4377237856388092,
0.1744028776884079,
0.2254994660615921,
-0.2290242463350296,
0.1652393341064453,
0.4560140073299408,
-0.1842295378446579,
0.0959014892578125,
0.341949462890625,
-0.48272705078125,
-0.3905436098575592,
0.4847615659236908,
0.1409250944852829,
-0.038177490234375,
0.4783528745174408,
0.04673576354980469,
-0.230743408203125,
0.1859792023897171,
0.5301106572151184,
0.2446492463350296,
0.08982976526021957,
0.41845703125,
-0.09042485803365707,
-0.3236287534236908,
-0.1228647232055664,
-0.1795654296875,
0.23171751201152802,
0.14988946914672852,
0.31041622161865234,
-0.014594078063964844,
0.1944020539522171,
-0.28466796875,
-0.123138427734375,
-0.1217041015625,
0.4649861752986908,
0.5602824091911316,
-0.029994448646903038,
-0.0014362335205078125,
0.4540608823299408,
0.490478515625,
-0.06380971521139145,
-0.1434987336397171,
-0.32269287109375,
-0.3523661196231842,
0.01754283905029297,
-0.294525146484375,
0.12441889196634293,
0.3050130307674408,
-0.24954986572265625,
0.023200035095214844,
0.2364451140165329,
0.5721028447151184,
-0.235260009765625,
0.012990315444767475,
-0.1261444091796875,
0.050449371337890625,
-0.1815185546875,
-0.15239651501178741,
0.2777099609375,
0.1952565461397171,
0.3987935483455658,
4.072265625,
0.3558247983455658,
0.4119974672794342,
0.6300455927848816,
-0.324493408203125,
-0.1532847136259079,
0.20507876574993134,
-0.1716511994600296,
-0.2899881899356842,
0.04832013323903084,
0.014662742614746094,
-0.20444488525390625,
0.07784461975097656,
0.262969970703125,
-0.12489064782857895,
0.0029061634559184313,
0.2444102019071579,
0.028965076431632042,
0.1293843537569046,
-0.22610218822956085,
-0.7277424931526184,
0.3761444091796875,
0.1123555526137352,
0.16552479565143585,
0.3479360044002533,
0.1953226774930954,
0.24849064648151398,
-0.1176656112074852,
0.1594950407743454,
0.05529085919260979,
0.3218587338924408,
-0.1850077360868454,
-0.10821215063333511,
0.10446485131978989,
-0.6883137822151184,
0.4480184018611908,
0.1939341276884079,
0.09086862951517105,
-0.1312672346830368,
0.14040501415729523,
-0.2593485414981842,
-0.2445271760225296,
0.1262543946504593,
0.2982686460018158,
0.15961964428424835,
-0.2362569123506546,
-0.2002817839384079,
0.5717366337776184,
0.33671411871910095,
0.01824951171875,
0.2670033872127533,
-0.21148681640625,
0.14023590087890625,
-0.3477020263671875,
0.3604532778263092,
0.5269572138786316,
0.14861297607421875,
0.2329762727022171,
0.09363047033548355,
-0.15540821850299835,
0.2587839663028717,
0.2430521696805954,
0.276458740234375,
-0.1015116348862648,
-0.18908612430095673,
-0.0009654362802393734,
-0.05679257586598396,
0.3970133364200592,
0.3581034243106842,
-0.2629445493221283,
0.67742919921875,
0.372802734375,
0.3525899350643158,
-0.3866780698299408,
0.1924896240234375,
0.5836181640625,
-0.085540771484375,
0.4433797299861908,
0.029600083827972412,
0.10407634824514389,
0.20666249096393585,
-0.30403193831443787,
-0.17229461669921875,
0.2356770783662796,
-0.278411865234375,
0.6807454228401184,
-0.12161890417337418,
0.2227528840303421,
0.6654459834098816,
-0.12734349071979523,
0.3898518979549408,
0.1782175749540329,
0.2476043701171875,
0.4105377197265625,
-0.2326863557100296,
-0.10365072637796402,
-0.04684702679514885,
-4.007486820220947,
0.2371114045381546,
0.10255897045135498,
-0.1012217178940773,
-0.1925455778837204,
-0.026294708251953125,
0.15490977466106415,
0.63232421875,
0.0362497977912426,
-0.1383107453584671,
-0.3144277036190033,
0.14093875885009766,
-0.0147857666015625,
0.12591297924518585,
0.3375956118106842,
0.2759806215763092,
-0.26150766015052795,
0.3222554624080658,
0.3274739682674408,
-0.09116999059915543,
0.000027974447220913135,
0.407958984375,
0.1631011962890625,
-0.2204945832490921,
0.31746163964271545,
0.4962361752986908,
-0.2561543881893158,
0.04894320294260979,
-0.4228617250919342,
-0.07513014227151871,
-0.1333516389131546,
-0.16170501708984375,
0.08720652014017105,
-0.299774169921875,
0.08522224426269531,
0.271636962890625,
0.16565196216106415,
0.12099901586771011,
0.5110880732536316,
0.2718912661075592,
-0.16126759350299835,
0.2366994172334671,
0.39862060546875,
-0.0498708076775074,
-0.10976791381835938,
0.20273081958293915,
-0.4586588442325592,
-0.06787887960672379,
-0.45831298828125,
0.23371250927448273,
0.3192037045955658,
-0.17041015625,
-0.022266576066613197,
0.51165771484375,
0.3468119204044342,
0.12720616161823273,
-0.03658898547291756,
0.03861236572265625,
0.03414726257324219,
0.18123118579387665,
-0.06268564611673355,
0.11964162439107895,
-0.021309375762939453,
0.2717641294002533,
0.5396220088005066,
0.012966950424015522,
-0.1189931258559227,
-0.01067988108843565,
0.2586161196231842,
-0.16264088451862335,
0.0444285087287426,
-0.3026123046875,
-0.1127471923828125,
-0.10626474767923355,
0.5076701045036316,
0.57464599609375,
-0.2334391325712204,
-0.1803792268037796,
0.6961669921875,
-0.19878442585468292,
-0.3357747495174408,
0.2858174741268158,
-0.43310546875,
0.547119140625,
2.3299152851104736,
0.1305897980928421,
2.2176105976104736,
0.11354827880859375,
-0.10737577825784683,
0.6026408076286316,
-0.4123026430606842,
0.212646484375,
0.00243377685546875,
0.1285196989774704,
0.056506793946027756,
0.4331461489200592,
0.038369495421648026,
-0.2252756804227829,
0.0003906885685864836,
-0.1283162385225296,
0.5418294072151184,
-0.7231648564338684,
-0.14795811474323273,
-0.3250325620174408,
0.3979695737361908,
0.4078572690486908,
0.2580668032169342,
0.3050282895565033,
0.512664794921875,
0.3801473081111908,
0.15887705981731415,
-0.3233235776424408,
0.3564453125,
-0.08697465807199478,
0.20620472729206085,
0.4043172299861908,
0.1490730494260788,
0.15709559619426727,
-0.21910588443279266,
0.18037669360637665,
-0.1268107146024704,
4.704427242279053,
-0.19406192004680634,
0.2464243620634079,
-0.07433954626321793,
0.1825307160615921,
0.20654742419719696,
0.2367095947265625,
-0.4697062075138092,
0.13167698681354523,
0.44634246826171875,
0.2672475278377533,
0.2680625915527344,
-0.3861897885799408,
0.061000823974609375,
0.4323934018611908,
0.2958577573299408,
0.05308214947581291,
0.03915214538574219,
0.030485153198242188,
-0.1384175568819046,
0.09979057312011719,
0.37377801537513733,
0.038514453917741776,
-0.1785329133272171,
-0.08117421716451645,
0.03328084945678711,
-0.04449605941772461,
-0.400390625,
-0.0303802490234375,
-0.047321319580078125,
-0.17021013796329498,
5.446939945220947,
-0.08557701110839844,
0.10958949476480484,
-0.08269532769918442,
-0.2285054475069046,
0.3095499575138092,
-0.3491617739200592,
0.15575917065143585,
-0.10757891088724136,
-0.056443531066179276,
0.06550979614257812,
0.3154296875,
-0.11161676794290543,
0.2266286164522171,
0.047926586121320724,
0.2059987336397171,
-0.24383544921875,
0.10910669714212418,
0.3698323667049408,
0.11962056159973145,
0.5329793095588684,
0.14735157787799835,
0.225982666015625,
-0.23605792224407196,
0.189737007021904,
-0.03847503662109375,
-0.03230857849121094,
0.9737955927848816,
0.05002753064036369,
0.08849843591451645,
0.231109619140625,
0.1735127717256546,
-0.3179931640625,
0.1790059357881546,
0.07965787500143051,
0.21027755737304688,
0.3443501889705658,
0.2730509340763092,
-0.2647450864315033,
0.4935099184513092,
0.08555158227682114,
0.5818278193473816,
-0.4446054995059967,
-0.3646341860294342,
-0.1010793074965477,
-0.14901606738567352,
-0.1582692414522171,
0.06715583801269531,
0.2301737517118454,
0.3072306215763092,
-0.04981803894042969,
0.23882293701171875,
1.3158365488052368,
0.3797098696231842,
0.22346241772174835,
0.1761067658662796,
-0.02381388284265995,
-0.18286259472370148,
-0.6211954951286316,
-0.08853181451559067,
0.05063629150390625,
0.23834228515625,
0.666259765625,
0.4637044370174408,
0.2870890200138092,
0.4936319887638092,
0.21689097583293915,
-0.1895650178194046,
0.3984781801700592,
-0.1447346955537796,
-0.2166798859834671,
-0.09086736291646957,
-0.1880035400390625,
0.200836181640625,
-0.2074991911649704,
0.3793792724609375,
0.4473368227481842,
-0.10397592931985855,
0.039498645812273026,
-0.1914072036743164,
-0.36798095703125,
-0.3748575747013092,
-0.2848612368106842,
0.59381103515625,
-0.3076883852481842,
0.126556396484375,
-0.304656982421875,
-0.16808605194091797,
0.5349324345588684,
-0.2860209047794342,
0.0861409530043602,
-0.1987711638212204,
-0.17516326904296875,
0.0023778278846293688,
0.0465494804084301,
0.378021240234375,
0.11494144052267075,
0.2250773161649704,
0.34643983840942383,
0.18368275463581085,
-0.33197021484375,
0.05754311755299568,
0.20817692577838898,
-0.2605692446231842,
0.290679931640625,
-0.3352559506893158,
0.4997609555721283,
0.2372233122587204,
0.13531494140625,
0.14150874316692352,
0.4651285707950592,
0.1360066682100296,
-0.3975881040096283,
0.00906244944781065,
-0.15986888110637665
] |
112 | Who are the main villains of Metroid? | [
{
"docid": "652308#16",
"text": "Throughout the history of the \"Metroid\" series, Ridley has received positive reception as the series antagonist. He is widely considered one of the most renowned and best Nintendo villains of all time and is regarded as a favorite amongst both the \"Metroid\" fandom and the series's developers. Nintendo Power listed him as their sixth favorite Nintendo villain, citing both his involvement in the death of Samus's parents as well as his determination, dying at Samus' hands many times yet always coming back. Computer and Video Games editor Mike Jackson described Ridley as a \"fan favorite.\" GameDaily called him the 16th greatest Nintendo character, commenting that he \"beats Mother Brain by a mile as the coolest Metroid villain.\" IGN editor Jesse Schedeen called Ridley the real villain of the \"Metroid\" series, commenting that he would have to be included in a \"Metroid\" film if one were made due to him being too important to leave out. 1UP.com editor Nadia Oxford described the Nintendo Comics System version of Ridley as being more of a \"squashed bug\" than a \"fearsome reptile.\" WatchMojo.com ranked Ridley at #3 in their Top 10 Nintendo Villains list. The 1UP.com staff listed the battle with Ridley in \"Super Metroid\" as among the most iconic in Nintendo history. They stated that his appearance in \"Super Metroid\" is more memorable than any other appearance in the \"Metroid\" series, and that his return from the original game added some familiarity to \"Metroid\" fans. GamesRadar listed him third on their list of video game villains who will never stay dead, calling him Samus's \"great white whale\" that, even while he has tormented her throughout her life, she just cannot seem to kill. Gaming Nexus criticized the lack of fellow \"Metroid\" villain Kraid in \"\", but stated that the developers made up for it by adding the best Ridley battle in the series's history. IGN editors Phil Pirrello and Richard George listed Ridley as the second most deserving Nintendo character for inclusion in \"Super Smash Bros. Brawl\", stating that Samus was the only playable character in the game to represent the \"Metroid\" series (despite it being one of Nintendo's most famous and revered), and that the inclusion of Ridley would broaden the series's range. Overall, he is seen as one of the best Nintendo characters in general. In 2018, Watchmojo.com ranked him #1 on their \"Top 10 Most Anticipated New Characters In Smash Ultimate\" list.",
"title": "Ridley (Metroid)"
},
{
"docid": "652308#1",
"text": "Often considered one of the most memorable Nintendo villains, Ridley has been a mainstay of the series, having appeared (through various incarnations) in almost every \"Metroid\" game to date (all but \"\", \"Metroid Prime Hunters\" and \"\"). He has also appeared in the \"Super Smash Bros.\" series, however, he had not been made a playable character until \"Super Smash Bros. Ultimate\" in 2018, making it also the first game overall to have Ridley as a playable character.",
"title": "Ridley (Metroid)"
},
{
"docid": "652308#15",
"text": "Ridley appears a few times in the \"\" comics from 1990. In these comics, he looks almost exactly as he appears in the NES version manual and is depicted as an individual of a full-fledged species of identical creatures, an attribute he employs to impersonate a judge of the same species as him. \"Nintendo Power\" featured two \"Metroid\" adaptations. The \"Super Metroid\" comic follows the plot of the video game of the same name over the course of sixty pages, while the \"Metroid Prime\" comic does the same across eighteen pages. In the \"Metroid\" e-manga created by Yoshio Sakamoto, Samus first meets Ridley as a child as he leads the attack on her home colony of K-2L. As Ridley observes the destruction of the colony, Samus approaches him. Her young mind overwhelmed by the carnage but having recently been taught by the Chozo elder Old Bird that even unsightly creatures can be decent, she tries to befriend him, desperate for assurance that everything will be all right. Ridley appears to display a moment's pity toward her before abruptly revealing his true nature by preparing to annihilate her, out of either bloodlust or mercy. Samus' mother Virginia, however, arrives in the nick of time amidst the confusion of the Pirate raid and pushes her daughter out of the way of Ridley's fiery breath, dying instantly in the process. This memory scars Samus for life, and she summarily vows to avenge her parents and destroy Ridley and all the Space Pirates.",
"title": "Ridley (Metroid)"
},
{
"docid": "652308#7",
"text": "Ridley returns in his Meta form once again in \"\", where he, along with the Space Pirate legion under his command, are corrupted by Dark Samus. He encounters and battles Samus on Norion, a Galactic Federation-occupied world, and the two fight while free-falling down an air shaft. Ridley is later supercharged with Phazon, becoming \"Omega Ridley\", and is charged with guarding the Leviathan Seed on the Space Pirate homeworld. He is confronted once again by Samus, and despite being defeated, he survives the fight and is later cured of his corruption after Dark Samus' defeat later on. Between the \"Prime\" trilogy and \"\", the Space Pirates reorganize on Zebes and hatch another plan to clone and weaponize the Metroids, while Ridley gradually begins to regenerate from his past injuries, gradually shedding his cybernetics. In the remake of the second game, \"\", Ridley, in his semi-regenerated form of \"Proteus Ridley\", attacks Samus on SR388 to steal the last remaining Metroid. Samus and the baby Metroid work together to defeat Ridley.",
"title": "Ridley (Metroid)"
},
{
"docid": "652308#4",
"text": "Ridley's status within the ranks of the Space Pirates is unclear, with some sources stating that he is the leader of the entire Space Pirate race, whereas others portray him as simply the Pirates' military commander or even a mere enforcer within the Pirate military ranks, subservient to Mother Brain or Space Pirate High Command. Regardless, he is consistently depicted as a ruthless and cunning tactician who never passes up an opportunity to bring his considerable ferocity to bear on the battlefield, opting to overwhelm his opponents with an unwavering onslaught of attacks from his mouth, claws, and tail. He is also incredibly cruel, actively taking pleasure in the killing and torment of others; at one point in the official manga he taunts Samus by claiming he may have devoured her mother's corpse after killing her, and a Space Pirate log entry in \"Metroid Prime\" notes that being the mainstay of the Pirate security force is \"a job he will certainly relish.\"",
"title": "Ridley (Metroid)"
},
{
"docid": "652308#11",
"text": "One of Adam's final missions to Samus is to finish off Ridley, whom Adam fears might be more dangerous than the Metroids if left unchecked, and claims Samus is the only one capable of stopping him. However, Samus later discovers his corpse after he is killed, having had his energy drained by the Queen Metroid on the Bottle Ship. His mummified corpse turns up again in \"Metroid Fusion\" on the BSL station, after having apparently been removed from the Bottle Ship by the Galactic Federation and placed in a sub-zero storage room for further research (potentially into further bioweapon applications). It is later infected by an X Parasite, allowing it to gain the ability to transform into Ridley's likeness, known as . Samus later defeats the Ridley mimic and absorbs its Core-X, regaining her signature Screw Attack. What was left of the cloned Ridley's remains were destroyed along with the X when the BSL station crashed into SR388.",
"title": "Ridley (Metroid)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "27262788#17",
"text": "is the archenemy of Samus Aran, an intelligent and sadistic dragon-like extraterrestrial that despite being killed multiple times by her, is always revived by the Space Pirates (or accidentally by the Galactic Federation in \"\") using cloning or robotics. Other than Samus and the titular Metroids, Ridley is the only character that has appeared consistently throughout most of the games in the series (the exceptions being \"\" for the Game Boy, \"\" for the GameCube, \"Metroid Prime Hunters\" for the Nintendo DS, and \"\" for the Nintendo 3DS). He is directly responsible for the invasion of Samus' home planet, and the death of her parents, and is the franchise's primary villain, despite not typically acting as the main antagonist in an individual game.",
"title": "Characters in the Metroid series"
},
{
"docid": "176480#16",
"text": "Mother Brain was also the primary villain in the \"Captain N: The Game Master\" TV show. A Metroid-lookalike enemy, called the Komayto, was encountered by Pit in \"Kid Icarus\" for the NES. In \"\", a fighting game developed by Team Ninja for the Nintendo 3DS, one stage is a replica of the arena in which Samus fights Ridley in \"Metroid: Other M\" and features both as assist characters; Samus, however, is not featured as a playable character in \"Dimensions\", as Team Ninja's Yosuke Hayashi stated in an interview that \"it would be better to let her focus on her job rather than kicking everyone's butt in [\"Dead or Alive: Dimensions\"]\". A Wii U launch game \"Nintendo Land\" has a mini-game based on the series called \"Metroid Blast\".",
"title": "Metroid"
},
{
"docid": "23067300#2",
"text": "\"Metroid: Other M\" is an action-adventure game with three-dimensional graphics. Players take control of series protagonist Samus Aran, a bounty hunter who investigates a derelict space station, known as the Bottle Ship. The main environment is the vessel interior, known as the Main Sector, along with the other environments that are contained in \"sectors\" or gigantic spheres within the ship: the Biosphere, a lush, tropical region; the Cryophere, an arctic environment; and the Pyrosphere, a heated, lava-filled area. The gameplay revolves around solving puzzles to uncover secrets, platform jumping, and shooting enemies. The game unfolds in a linear manner, and the in-game map highlights the next objective.",
"title": "Metroid: Other M"
},
{
"docid": "27262788#10",
"text": "Metroid Prime and its alternate form Dark Samus is the main antagonist of the \"Prime\" subseries. It is a strange, black-carapaced, red-eyed creature with a humanoid face within its shell and the ability to control and horribly mutate anything it attaches to. Metroid Prime appears in \"Metroid Prime\" as the final boss, and after its defeat, reforms itself by stealing Samus' Phazon Suit to become Dark Samus, a black-colored doppelgänger of Samus.",
"title": "Characters in the Metroid series"
},
{
"docid": "176480#14",
"text": "The \"Metroid\" series has been noted and praised for its unique style of video game music. Hirokazu \"Hip\" Tanaka, composer of the original \"Metroid\", has said he wanted to make a score that made players feel like they were encountering a \"living organism\" and had no distinction between music and sound effects. The only time the main \"Metroid\" theme was heard was after Mother Brain is defeated; this is intended to give the player a catharsis. At all other times, no melodies are present in the game. The composer of \"Super Metroid\", Kenji Yamamoto, came up with some of the games' themes by humming them to himself while riding his motorcycle to work. He was asked to compose the music for \"Metroid Prime\" to reinforce the series continuity. \"Metroid Prime\"'s Dolby Pro Logic II surround sound was mixed by a member of Dolby. Developers from Retro Studios noted how the 6 MB memory budget for all sound effects of a level in \"Metroid Prime\" was crucial in producing a quality soundtrack, as each sound had to be of very high quality to be included. Composer Kenji Yamamoto utilizes heavy drums, piano, voiced chants, clangs of pipes, and electric guitar. \"\" took advantage of the increase in the amount of RAM that took place when the series switched from the GameCube to the Wii; this allowed for higher quality audio samples to be used and thus allowing a better overall audio quality. Kenji Yamamoto, who composed the music to \"Super Metroid\" and the \"Prime\" trilogy, copied the musical design of the original \"Metroid\" in \"Metroid Prime 3\", by keeping the music and themes dark and scary until the very end, when uplifting music is played during the credits.",
"title": "Metroid"
},
{
"docid": "27262788#19",
"text": "A hostile group known as , or , serve as the antagonists of the \"Metroid\" series. They are a group of \"interstellar nomads\" resembling humanoid reptiles, insects or crustaceans, who plunder colonies and ships and exist in an insect-like hive society. Considering their appearance throughout the series, especially the \"Prime\" series, they could be considered arthropod-like reptiles. A single Pirate may have many biological differences between individuals of their own species, most likely because of their willingness to perform self-experimentation and mutation. Important leaders include Ridley, the Space Pirate commander, Mother Brain, the biomechanical defense of Zebes controlled by the Space Pirates, and Kraid, a recurring boss. The organization also includes a winged, mantis-like species, the Ki Hunters. The Space Pirates are interested in Metroid research, especially in using Metroids for energy generation, as soldiers, and for experimentation – their Phazon experiments produced all the Metroid variants seen in the \"Prime\" games with the exception of \"Metroid Prime\" itself. The organization is destroyed during the climax of \"Super Metroid\", however a group within the Galactic Federation itself resurrects the Space Pirates, along with Ridley and the Metroids, to be used as bio-weapons explaining their continued presence in \"Other M\" and \"Fusion\".",
"title": "Characters in the Metroid series"
},
{
"docid": "27262788#4",
"text": "The Metroid larva is chronologically the last Metroid of its race following the events of \"\" and \"\". Samus describes how a Metroid larva hatched from an egg and immediately imprinted upon her, believing her to be its mother. She brought the larva to Ceres Space Colony, where scientists learned that they could harness its power. Just after she left the colony, she received a distress call and returned to find the scientists dead and the larva stolen. The Baby Metroid is used as the driving theme of the game as Samus tirelessly searches through Zebes and eventually the Space Pirate's base on Tourian for her Metroid hatchling. Once encountering the enlarged Baby Metroid in Space Pirate clutches, it attacks Samus and nearly drains all her energy. During the final battle against Mother Brain, the Baby Metroid comes to aid of Samus by recharging her energy, but Mother Brain destroys it in retaliation. Samus avenges its death by destroying Mother Brain with an extremely powerful weapon given to her by the Metroid. After a planet-wide self-destruction, Samus for once mourns the death of a Metroid.",
"title": "Characters in the Metroid series"
},
{
"docid": "923180#0",
"text": "Metroid Prime Hunters is a first-person action-adventure video game published by Nintendo and developed by its Redmond-based subsidiary Nintendo Software Technology for the Nintendo DS handheld game console. It was released in North America in March 2006, with other territories later. It is a part of the \"Metroid\" series, and the story takes place between the events of \"Metroid Prime\" and \"\". Players assume the role of series protagonist Samus Aran, a bounty hunter who investigates a mysterious message that originated from the Alimbic Cluster.",
"title": "Metroid Prime Hunters"
}
] | [
0.3049112856388092,
-0.08428955078125,
-0.03435007855296135,
0.4215291440486908,
0.2705637514591217,
0.23618443310260773,
0.41180419921875,
-0.2480061799287796,
0.2573954164981842,
-0.05792665481567383,
-0.25515875220298767,
0.07996241003274918,
-0.1268800050020218,
0.15012232959270477,
-0.2513987123966217,
0.0919647216796875,
0.6070149540901184,
0.03935893252491951,
-0.02135467529296875,
0.4409993588924408,
-0.057870227843523026,
0.5067545771598816,
0.15691502392292023,
-0.39080810546875,
-0.1458943635225296,
-0.1830291748046875,
0.0769551619887352,
0.08628972619771957,
0.247283935546875,
0.4303995668888092,
0.06842803955078125,
-0.2214762419462204,
0.3906046450138092,
0.6197306513786316,
-0.4825643002986908,
0.330841064453125,
0.4315185546875,
0.25531259179115295,
0.03801918029785156,
-0.07487265020608902,
-0.054264068603515625,
0.2077128142118454,
0.2520650327205658,
-0.13757069408893585,
0.14471435546875,
0.3467000424861908,
0.46990966796875,
-0.2012767791748047,
-0.10743077844381332,
-0.13293997943401337,
-0.226531982421875,
-0.2347513884305954,
0.09556642919778824,
-0.12226184457540512,
-0.22605323791503906,
0.1956431120634079,
-0.11476778984069824,
0.39643606543540955,
0.13724644482135773,
-0.030480703338980675,
0.07196585088968277,
0.0394083671271801,
-0.246337890625,
-0.024302801117300987,
-0.14034207165241241,
0.07921409606933594,
0.034982044249773026,
0.1523284912109375,
0.37371826171875,
0.12116750329732895,
-0.05695652961730957,
0.22673797607421875,
0.256103515625,
-0.3577066957950592,
-0.04802544787526131,
-0.5399577021598816,
-0.22656281292438507,
0.01627604104578495,
0.2287750244140625,
-0.088623046875,
0.44927978515625,
-0.09949048608541489,
-0.7878825068473816,
0.5994669795036316,
0.06094614788889885,
0.2874349057674408,
-0.026664098724722862,
0.3702392578125,
0.14899444580078125,
0.5832926630973816,
-0.12137476354837418,
0.2416432648897171,
0.2970987856388092,
0.1670023649930954,
-0.13679885864257812,
-0.026943206787109375,
0.04271538928151131,
-0.1453196257352829,
0.14021556079387665,
0.020192941650748253,
-0.013883590698242188,
-0.1991373747587204,
0.029669443145394325,
-0.031762439757585526,
0.3462117612361908,
-0.41754150390625,
-0.09621938318014145,
0.438232421875,
0.5134074091911316,
0.3177897036075592,
0.3244883120059967,
-0.247833251953125,
-0.3404134213924408,
0.1683095246553421,
-0.01807260513305664,
0.10935211181640625,
0.24268849194049835,
-0.333251953125,
-0.17449696362018585,
-0.6356608271598816,
0.4690958559513092,
0.4632364809513092,
-0.2829793393611908,
-0.1252543181180954,
-0.06152661517262459,
0.25505027174949646,
0.640380859375,
-0.11702728271484375,
0.7543538212776184,
0.33746337890625,
0.3867340087890625,
-0.11827468872070312,
0.2609761655330658,
0.5350341796875,
0.3912353515625,
0.2525075376033783,
0.1784311980009079,
-0.1046295166015625,
0.0715392455458641,
-0.21775563061237335,
-0.3246917724609375,
0.18158595263957977,
0.2408854216337204,
0.3756917417049408,
0.1684315949678421,
0.33355712890625,
-0.0051968893967568874,
0.2777913510799408,
0.112396240234375,
0.3961181640625,
0.07961400598287582,
0.11836115270853043,
0.04313691332936287,
0.20839309692382812,
0.1374308317899704,
0.3024393618106842,
0.2600180208683014,
0.06502994149923325,
-0.2834981381893158,
0.02509848214685917,
0.7347819209098816,
0.3506062924861908,
-0.2454833984375,
-0.025504112243652344,
0.3802693784236908,
0.28645071387290955,
0.0596466064453125,
0.3616434633731842,
0.5724690556526184,
-0.03625233843922615,
-0.08607736974954605,
0.47235107421875,
0.3216094970703125,
0.0022808711510151625,
0.3345845639705658,
0.25542449951171875,
-0.36163330078125,
0.1137644425034523,
0.1421254426240921,
-0.15673065185546875,
0.4125773012638092,
0.29449462890625,
0.5237630009651184,
0.21215057373046875,
0.6003010869026184,
0.4579264223575592,
0.278472900390625,
-0.048069000244140625,
-0.3536478579044342,
0.03870852664113045,
0.016849517822265625,
0.12327639013528824,
0.265838623046875,
-0.3466593325138092,
0.2507527768611908,
-0.1716511994600296,
-0.03636487200856209,
-0.08177057653665543,
-0.029802322387695312,
-0.10111546516418457,
-0.22003173828125,
0.16026687622070312,
-0.3131510317325592,
0.1704610139131546,
0.4391886293888092,
-0.3150685727596283,
-0.10549672693014145,
0.33636474609375,
-0.3375956118106842,
0.085968017578125,
0.0594329833984375,
-0.024757662788033485,
0.30877685546875,
0.13998158276081085,
0.1531626433134079,
0.2611592710018158,
-0.3772989809513092,
0.008175849914550781,
0.5179240107536316,
-0.12152989953756332,
-0.2997232973575592,
0.6361491084098816,
-0.2954305112361908,
-0.2396596223115921,
0.2591806948184967,
-0.02056407928466797,
-0.3113810122013092,
-0.4136250913143158,
0.09120623022317886,
0.2416585236787796,
0.12637583911418915,
0.1736094206571579,
0.2320556640625,
-0.24523799121379852,
0.15093357861042023,
0.1362202912569046,
-0.06664720922708511,
0.04797140881419182,
-0.15633392333984375,
0.30575308203697205,
0.10928472131490707,
-0.3057759702205658,
-0.3324788510799408,
0.18373234570026398,
0.44329833984375,
-0.1275075227022171,
-0.3295389711856842,
-0.37179818749427795,
-0.1827290803194046,
-0.36444091796875,
0.2150980681180954,
-0.22208087146282196,
0.5248820185661316,
0.332763671875,
-0.3577779233455658,
0.27092233300209045,
0.1892293244600296,
-0.12288983911275864,
-0.2563667297363281,
0.454345703125,
-0.0985158309340477,
0.5922648310661316,
0.3233642578125,
0.1920928955078125,
-0.2120920866727829,
-0.163116455078125,
0.1340688019990921,
0.5699462890625,
0.1388193815946579,
0.2581888735294342,
0.4631907045841217,
-0.6043904423713684,
-0.2001546174287796,
0.06846622377634048,
-0.3915201723575592,
-0.2423146516084671,
0.284149169921875,
-0.13952891528606415,
-0.6222330927848816,
0.0424601249396801,
0.16962392628192902,
0.041891735047101974,
-0.1719462126493454,
-0.017932653427124023,
-0.04203541949391365,
0.040243785828351974,
0.4520060122013092,
0.2187245637178421,
-0.3368631899356842,
-0.021203994750976562,
0.29803466796875,
0.5027872920036316,
-0.2305959016084671,
-0.3852182924747467,
0.1817626953125,
0.07002273947000504,
0.0397491455078125,
0.10201772302389145,
0.1299845427274704,
0.14465267956256866,
0.6304728388786316,
-0.5215250849723816,
0.5080363154411316,
0.3778076171875,
-0.027036666870117188,
-0.2195841521024704,
0.13484065234661102,
0.7327880859375,
0.07684453576803207,
0.2310384064912796,
-0.0391794852912426,
-0.48406982421875,
0.14443080127239227,
0.047549884766340256,
0.05978647992014885,
0.2755330502986908,
0.4777018129825592,
-0.12796275317668915,
0.5387458801269531,
0.255767822265625,
0.4591776430606842,
-0.274688720703125,
-0.49267578125,
-0.1823781281709671,
0.2375640869140625,
-0.27260589599609375,
-0.2072041779756546,
-0.16507847607135773,
0.8294677734375,
0.31365966796875,
0.7194010615348816,
0.1832631379365921,
0.1253153532743454,
-0.23945362865924835,
0.04411347582936287,
0.2207590788602829,
0.19193267822265625,
0.449951171875,
-0.06648582220077515,
-0.2621663510799408,
0.2585163116455078,
0.0216395054012537,
0.0966482162475586,
0.2405904084444046,
-0.01634979248046875,
0.1775868684053421,
0.4730122983455658,
0.07010269165039062,
0.5272623896598816,
-0.1633758544921875,
0.0819346085190773,
-0.058742523193359375,
-0.236358642578125,
0.19733428955078125,
0.0011583963641896844,
-0.3154398500919342,
0.24942143261432648,
-0.019235292449593544,
0.09716832637786865,
-0.229217529296875,
0.2513834536075592,
-0.14404551684856415,
-0.1734364777803421,
-0.13956451416015625,
0.2563069760799408,
-0.22625350952148438,
-0.05296516418457031,
-0.09463246911764145,
-0.3040415346622467,
0.09971153736114502,
0.08097966760396957,
0.09622319787740707,
0.3218180239200592,
0.3006388247013092,
-0.2417246550321579,
-0.23527272045612335,
0.15689723193645477,
0.4969482421875,
0.54046630859375,
0.1750742644071579,
0.2977091372013092,
0.5572102665901184,
0.1850612908601761,
0.0574289970099926,
-0.42766571044921875,
-0.374969482421875,
0.1593424528837204,
-0.12167612463235855,
0.324951171875,
0.2416890412569046,
0.033344268798828125,
-0.13559986650943756,
-0.3617757260799408,
0.3623555600643158,
-0.4497273862361908,
-0.0021260578650981188,
0.254486083984375,
0.2808329164981842,
0.211669921875,
-0.0693308487534523,
-0.01930967904627323,
0.2352956086397171,
0.30682373046875,
0.3019612729549408,
4.152181148529053,
0.325897216796875,
0.2421620637178421,
0.237823486328125,
-0.07413355261087418,
0.2852121889591217,
0.057862598448991776,
-0.13447189331054688,
-0.011991500854492188,
-0.08456166833639145,
-0.08426316827535629,
0.297882080078125,
-0.1645863801240921,
0.3253580629825592,
-0.12016042321920395,
0.48303475975990295,
0.21099853515625,
0.1972707062959671,
-0.15741221606731415,
0.396728515625,
-0.57965087890625,
0.5811970829963684,
0.11962890625,
0.017238616943359375,
-0.050166767090559006,
0.270538330078125,
0.3216349184513092,
0.1957651823759079,
0.22284317016601562,
0.388153076171875,
0.28000131249427795,
0.13577842712402344,
0.0010693868389353156,
0.05059496685862541,
-0.7398884892463684,
0.3331197202205658,
0.4818318784236908,
-0.17015965282917023,
-0.2645162045955658,
-0.0010668436298146844,
-0.2819925844669342,
-0.26604971289634705,
0.3678385317325592,
0.3645731508731842,
0.2741292417049408,
-0.00601967191323638,
0.05174032971262932,
0.10119915008544922,
0.1808217316865921,
0.0033785502891987562,
0.032428741455078125,
-0.3515218198299408,
-0.16375477612018585,
-0.13730113208293915,
0.5401408076286316,
0.4737955629825592,
0.32696533203125,
0.08053334802389145,
-0.06846300512552261,
-0.11486053466796875,
-0.07595065981149673,
-0.0062459358014166355,
0.2317454069852829,
0.1282857209444046,
-0.07733026891946793,
-0.1591949462890625,
0.16647593677043915,
0.42917945981025696,
0.3482716977596283,
-0.07160965353250504,
-0.009784062393009663,
0.3897298276424408,
0.3927001953125,
-0.5052286982536316,
-0.12773387134075165,
0.1963043212890625,
-0.2503089904785156,
0.23814646899700165,
0.0918324813246727,
-0.038417916744947433,
0.10005474090576172,
-0.302215576171875,
-0.09022394567728043,
0.5353190302848816,
-0.2954050600528717,
0.2978617250919342,
-0.11930084228515625,
-0.3256429135799408,
0.55145263671875,
-0.1967366486787796,
0.2788289487361908,
-0.08512751013040543,
0.32196044921875,
-0.2186686247587204,
0.0031302769202739,
0.1763712614774704,
0.3357747495174408,
-3.9588215351104736,
0.04213881492614746,
-0.0316111259162426,
0.2174072265625,
0.10570017248392105,
0.14015071094036102,
0.28753662109375,
0.34521737694740295,
-0.3960774838924408,
0.6246134638786316,
0.010019461624324322,
0.13407135009765625,
-0.19927978515625,
0.7025553584098816,
0.16504669189453125,
0.3928731381893158,
0.31462860107421875,
0.06252595782279968,
0.4083302915096283,
-0.04875119403004646,
0.06786473840475082,
0.06006844714283943,
0.3204854428768158,
-0.5805460810661316,
-0.4487508237361908,
-0.120086669921875,
-0.1688634604215622,
-0.4346109926700592,
-0.16772715747356415,
0.04810905456542969,
-0.34197998046875,
-0.15194956958293915,
0.6075032353401184,
-0.25665283203125,
-0.4376017153263092,
0.3930562436580658,
0.5547510981559753,
-0.25057730078697205,
0.328521728515625,
-0.042977649718523026,
0.34808349609375,
0.15156704187393188,
0.1402231901884079,
0.3005167543888092,
0.0016094843158498406,
-0.335540771484375,
-0.4828287661075592,
-0.0756123885512352,
-0.3574269711971283,
-0.15875244140625,
0.3654073178768158,
0.06326830387115479,
-0.2281901091337204,
0.07937558740377426,
0.54412841796875,
-0.16545867919921875,
0.4845784604549408,
-0.361663818359375,
0.6822916865348816,
-0.06301498413085938,
0.2705942690372467,
-0.05060641095042229,
0.13763554394245148,
-0.12175241857767105,
0.23146438598632812,
-0.06500116735696793,
0.8749186396598816,
0.04588349536061287,
0.1558481901884079,
-0.05278778076171875,
-0.0267181396484375,
0.12060800939798355,
0.030017534270882607,
0.42596435546875,
0.13066864013671875,
0.08904838562011719,
0.12850315868854523,
-0.07582473754882812,
0.3103739321231842,
0.05033938214182854,
-0.1822306364774704,
-0.07927703857421875,
-0.53656005859375,
0.11567560583353043,
2.2692058086395264,
0.2139231413602829,
2.3234050273895264,
0.7073161005973816,
-0.15444056689739227,
0.4565836489200592,
-0.1406453400850296,
0.6935221552848816,
0.2390950471162796,
0.3001467287540436,
-0.1361064910888672,
0.0069791474379599094,
-0.0032049815636128187,
-0.0056317648850381374,
0.10450887680053711,
0.03810596466064453,
0.39373779296875,
-0.8350830078125,
-0.02631632424890995,
-0.2053731232881546,
0.1928863525390625,
-0.55609130859375,
-0.2855021059513092,
0.369140625,
0.051232337951660156,
-0.16314697265625,
-0.13571293652057648,
0.11912848800420761,
-0.07710838317871094,
0.2485097199678421,
0.035671234130859375,
0.2481791228055954,
0.36151123046875,
-0.0811767578125,
-0.18817138671875,
0.0884195938706398,
0.052379608154296875,
4.689453125,
-0.06562105566263199,
-0.2332661896944046,
-0.07678413391113281,
0.238555908203125,
0.13880665600299835,
0.2934671938419342,
-0.2484639436006546,
0.308135986328125,
-0.16329066455364227,
0.322052001953125,
0.4214210510253906,
0.1980489045381546,
-0.1288808137178421,
0.1324055939912796,
0.4437255859375,
-0.14108657836914062,
0.310028076171875,
0.3724772036075592,
0.2170867919921875,
0.5233967900276184,
-0.061350107192993164,
-0.04522005841135979,
0.0411478690803051,
0.04131476208567619,
0.1311136931180954,
0.09810129553079605,
-0.18167877197265625,
0.055687904357910156,
0.10209083557128906,
0.3511962890625,
5.4345703125,
0.04108238220214844,
0.3791097104549408,
-0.4162394106388092,
0.03097756765782833,
0.3027140200138092,
-0.3805643618106842,
-0.485107421875,
-0.16795475780963898,
-0.05700492858886719,
-0.02215687371790409,
0.05905087664723396,
-0.07504145056009293,
0.2444966584444046,
-0.012439091689884663,
-0.13564808666706085,
-0.16346995532512665,
-0.19886524975299835,
0.2127482146024704,
-0.15792782604694366,
1.0542806386947632,
-0.25936317443847656,
0.06827402114868164,
-0.37286376953125,
-0.0571238212287426,
-0.43194833397865295,
0.01191274356096983,
0.08124478906393051,
-0.318328857421875,
-0.1937510222196579,
0.2359568327665329,
0.453857421875,
-0.15520095825195312,
0.283905029296875,
0.04361565783619881,
0.2271575927734375,
0.4511311948299408,
0.1551157683134079,
0.6057536005973816,
-0.1804656982421875,
0.51251220703125,
0.49554443359375,
-0.015072345733642578,
-0.24088795483112335,
-0.0858001708984375,
0.2485758513212204,
0.1937255859375,
-0.3707987368106842,
-0.11893463134765625,
0.2107340544462204,
-0.3596954345703125,
-0.0347798652946949,
1.0144857168197632,
0.51025390625,
-0.1310526579618454,
0.3497721254825592,
-0.05406951904296875,
-0.4837850034236908,
0.4766031801700592,
-0.14377593994140625,
0.7842610478401184,
0.1843058317899704,
0.025808176025748253,
0.3965250551700592,
0.4069417417049408,
0.1951395720243454,
0.24291102588176727,
-0.05684669688344002,
0.5101725459098816,
0.15841801464557648,
-0.3594767153263092,
0.1661478728055954,
0.21800486743450165,
0.37066650390625,
-0.0799001082777977,
0.2527414858341217,
0.1938679963350296,
0.037165481597185135,
0.24665069580078125,
0.0035991668701171875,
-0.10255050659179688,
-0.06779607385396957,
-0.5084431767463684,
-0.23338572680950165,
0.3999837338924408,
0.07503382116556168,
-0.4273783266544342,
0.2469431608915329,
0.463592529296875,
0.3102620542049408,
0.2350565642118454,
0.3976847231388092,
-0.2956746518611908,
0.7110798954963684,
-0.03503529354929924,
-0.0607706718146801,
0.1100921630859375,
0.2209065705537796,
0.097412109375,
0.19219970703125,
-0.1707560271024704,
0.48876953125,
0.28879547119140625,
-0.08353487402200699,
0.2927958071231842,
-0.2550913393497467,
0.1589406281709671,
-0.11534690856933594,
-0.353515625,
0.11355248838663101,
0.56005859375,
0.4212442934513092,
-0.0914158821105957,
0.13572566211223602,
-0.01121946144849062
] |
115 | Is there a language other than Spanish spoken in Spain? | [
{
"docid": "26825#7",
"text": "In Spain and in some other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, Spanish is called not only (Spanish) but also (Castilian), the language from the kingdom of Castile, contrasting it with other languages spoken in Spain such as Galician, Basque, Asturian, Catalan, Aragonese and Occitan.",
"title": "Spanish language"
},
{
"docid": "55002#61",
"text": "Spanish legislation, most notably in the Statutes of Autonomy of the bilingual communities, use the term \"own language\", or \"language proper to a community\", to refer to a language other than Spanish that originated or had historical roots in that particular territory. The Statutes of Autonomy of the respective autonomous communities have declared Basque the language proper to the Basque Country and Navarre, Catalan the language proper to Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community—where it is historically, traditionally and officially known as Valencian—and Galician to be the language proper to Galicia. There are other protected regional languages in other autonomous communities. As a percentage of total population in Spain, Basque is spoken by 2%, Catalan/Valencian by 17%, and Galician by 7% of all Spaniards. A 2016 Basque Government census revealed 700,000 fluent speakers in Spain (51,000 in Basque counties in France) and 1,185.000 total when passive speakers are included.",
"title": "Autonomous communities of Spain"
},
{
"docid": "26667#146",
"text": "As a percentage of the general population of all Spain, Spanish is natively spoken by 74%, Catalan by 17%, Galician by 7% and Basque by 2% of all Spaniards. Occitan is spoken by less than 5,000 people, only in the small region of \"Val d'Aran\".\nOther Romance minority languages, though not official, have special recognition, such as the Astur-Leonese language (\"asturianu\", \"bable\" or \"llionés\") and Aragonese (\"aragonés\") in Aragon.",
"title": "Spain"
},
{
"docid": "125290#1",
"text": "Formally speaking, the national language of Spain, the official Spanish language, is the Castilian language (as opposed to regional Spanish languages like Galician, Catalan, Asturleonese and Basque). As such both names, \"español\" and \"castellano\", have distinct and independent meanings that may be required for clarity in some specific contexts.\nGenerally speaking, though, both terms can be used to refer to the (national) Spanish language as a whole, with a preference for one over the other that depends on the context or the speaker's origin. \"Castellano\" (as well as \"Castilian\" in English) has another, more restricted, meaning, relating either to the old Romance language spoken in the Kingdom of Castile in the Middle Ages, predecessor of the modern Spanish language, or to the variety of Spanish nowadays spoken in the historical region of Castile, in central Spain.",
"title": "Names given to the Spanish language"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3482311#0",
"text": "The languages of Spain (), or Spanish languages (), are the languages spoken or once spoken in Spain. Romance languages are the most widely spoken in Spain; of which Spanish, or Castilian, is the only language which has official status for the whole country. Various other languages have co-official or recognised status in specific territories, and a number of unofficial languages and dialects are spoken in certain localities.",
"title": "Languages of Spain"
},
{
"docid": "963152#21",
"text": "Peninsular Spanish is largely considered to be divided into two main dialects: Castilian Spanish (spoken in the northern half of the country) and Andalusian Spanish (spoken mainly in Andalusia). However, a large part of Spain, including Madrid, Extremadura, Murcia, and Castile–La Mancha, speak local dialects known as \"transitional dialects\" between Andalusian and Castilian Spanish. The Canary Islands also have a distinct dialect of Castilian Spanish which is very close to Caribbean Spanish. Linguistically, the Spanish language is a Romance language and is one of the aspects (including laws and general \"ways of life\") that causes Spaniards to be labelled a Latin people. The strong Arabic influence on the language (nearly 4,000 words are of Arabic origin, including nouns, verbs and adjectives.) and the independent evolution of the language itself through history, most notably the Basque influence at the formative stage of Castilian Romance, partially explain its difference from other Romance languages. The Basque language left a strong imprint on Spanish both linguistically and phonetically. Other changes in Spanish have come from borrowings from English and French, although English influence is stronger in Latin America than in Spain.",
"title": "Spaniards"
},
{
"docid": "265417#0",
"text": "The different varieties of the Spanish language spoken in the Americas are distinct from Peninsular Spanish and Spanish spoken elsewhere, such as in Africa and Asia. Linguistically, this grouping is somewhat arbitrary, akin to having a term for \"overseas English\" encompassing variants spoken in the United States, Canada, Australia, India, New Zealand and Ireland, but not the Island of Britain. There is great diversity among the various Latin American vernaculars, and there are no traits shared by all of them which is not also in existence in one or more of the variants of Spanish used in Spain. A Latin American \"standard\" does, however, vary from the Castilian \"standard\" register used in television and notably the dubbing industry.\nOf the more than 469 million people who speak Spanish as their native language, more than 418 million are in Latin America and the United States.",
"title": "Spanish language in the Americas"
},
{
"docid": "16320787#0",
"text": "Peninsular Spanish (), also known as Spanish of Spain () European Spanish () and Iberian Spanish (), sometimes inaccurately referred to as Castilian Spanish () refers to the varieties of the Spanish language spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, as opposed to the Spanish spoken in the Americas and in the Canary Islands. The related term Castilian Spanish is often applied to formal varieties of Spanish as spoken in Spain. According to folk tradition, the \"purest\" form of Peninsular Spanish is spoken in the Castilian province of Valladolid, although the concept of \"pure\" language has been questioned by modern linguists.",
"title": "Peninsular Spanish"
},
{
"docid": "5888447#1",
"text": "The term \"Castilian Spanish\" can be used in English for the specific varieties of Spanish spoken in north and central Spain. Sometimes it is more loosely used to denote the Spanish spoken in all of Spain as compared to Spanish spoken in Latin America. There are several different varieties of Spanish, which should not be confused with the other official and non-official languages in Spain, of which Castilian is only the most prominent because it is the only one that is official throughout the whole national territory.",
"title": "Castilian Spanish"
},
{
"docid": "26825#46",
"text": "Spanish is also spoken in the integral territories of Spain in North Africa, which include the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla, the Plazas de soberanía, and the Canary Islands archipelago (population 2,000,000), located some off the northwest coast of mainland Africa. In northern Morocco, a former Spanish protectorate that is also geographically close to Spain, approximately 20,000 people speak Spanish as a second language, while Arabic is the \"de jure\" official language. A small number of Moroccan Jews also speak the Sephardic Spanish dialect Haketia (related to the Ladino dialect spoken in Israel). Spanish is spoken by some small communities in Angola because of the Cuban influence from the Cold War and in South Sudan among South Sudanese natives that relocated to Cuba during the Sudanese wars and returned in time for their country's independence.",
"title": "Spanish language"
}
] | [
0.4745718240737915,
0.3156879246234894,
-0.41729265451431274,
0.19366924464702606,
-0.06046001613140106,
-0.0630430057644844,
0.4438852071762085,
-0.3020770847797394,
0.4193021357059479,
0.6091120839118958,
-0.07729177922010422,
-0.1500924974679947,
-0.23260967433452606,
0.0394037701189518,
-0.21809738874435425,
0.06015718728303909,
0.6214317679405212,
-0.0111846923828125,
0.18699881434440613,
0.3834134638309479,
-0.02332298643887043,
0.4816143214702606,
0.14373897016048431,
0.13425621390342712,
-0.44191330671310425,
0.2809964716434479,
0.03919396176934242,
0.1892465502023697,
-0.31588980555534363,
0.3851412236690521,
0.28900617361068726,
-0.23572012782096863,
-0.24709847569465637,
0.2719210088253021,
0.08076594769954681,
0.36306527256965637,
0.08403719216585159,
0.16514235734939575,
-0.1421326845884323,
-0.05306478589773178,
0.20641151070594788,
-0.0026108669117093086,
0.06329111009836197,
0.009646489284932613,
-0.15528400242328644,
-0.34975022077560425,
0.10437481105327606,
-0.08872736245393753,
-0.19802680611610413,
0.052858609706163406,
-0.0608673095703125,
-0.15547531843185425,
-0.22522911429405212,
0.020690331235527992,
-0.09953483939170837,
0.32699820399284363,
-0.12771137058734894,
0.7927809357643127,
0.12332857400178909,
0.19831496477127075,
0.040226276963949203,
0.15553165972232819,
-0.2608501613140106,
-0.008023707196116447,
-0.05143972486257553,
0.3126126825809479,
0.16045673191547394,
0.22456242144107819,
0.13394282758235931,
0.39950796961784363,
0.05700360983610153,
0.5280573964118958,
0.5241323709487915,
0.15773479640483856,
0.02086932770907879,
-0.21393291652202606,
-0.12650710344314575,
0.1984182447195053,
0.4577261209487915,
-0.1289452761411667,
0.45010140538215637,
-0.6263145804405212,
0.03031906671822071,
0.0003437262203078717,
0.07039760053157806,
0.42816632986068726,
-0.20197471976280212,
0.2652681767940521,
0.15172401070594788,
0.39667218923568726,
0.008228595368564129,
0.18888737261295319,
0.10354731976985931,
-0.13043037056922913,
-0.0015927827917039394,
0.2569345235824585,
0.31077224016189575,
-0.10239116847515106,
0.07079843431711197,
-0.09825368970632553,
0.013751103542745113,
-0.2585073709487915,
-0.2681415379047394,
0.28234392404556274,
0.4160907566547394,
-0.31032150983810425,
-0.35914963483810425,
-0.027266869321465492,
0.2064584642648697,
0.1253398060798645,
0.30862191319465637,
-0.016625771299004555,
-0.23200871050357819,
0.06257981806993484,
0.23586800694465637,
0.2653339207172394,
0.03225238621234894,
-0.07788320630788803,
-0.3961181640625,
-0.7448918223381042,
0.40606218576431274,
0.21172156929969788,
-0.48247820138931274,
0.11534940451383591,
0.05511005222797394,
-0.17439152300357819,
0.47539812326431274,
0.13548396527767181,
0.3541353642940521,
0.42409104108810425,
-0.09501060843467712,
0.03370607644319534,
0.29355093836784363,
0.6173001527786255,
0.42042893171310425,
0.017986591905355453,
0.39071890711784363,
0.21717247366905212,
-0.03769683837890625,
-0.14942169189453125,
-0.10738431662321091,
-0.44134992361068726,
0.32024675607681274,
0.6658090353012085,
-0.21001727879047394,
0.31232160329818726,
0.08371675759553909,
0.4395658075809479,
-0.027064690366387367,
0.02301568165421486,
-0.013087932951748371,
-0.2550424337387085,
-0.08159343898296356,
0.44536882638931274,
-0.1924367994070053,
0.34503644704818726,
0.017174940556287766,
0.10371281206607819,
-0.05459272116422653,
0.062313079833984375,
0.7105994820594788,
0.3955078125,
0.05081411451101303,
0.24704918265342712,
0.35986799001693726,
-0.05410003662109375,
-0.019510122016072273,
0.5005821585655212,
0.5766977071762085,
-0.2510235011577606,
-0.23627178370952606,
0.1414114087820053,
0.36078351736068726,
0.1459726244211197,
0.39426833391189575,
0.2747051417827606,
-0.11930377781391144,
-0.018395643681287766,
0.2560881972312927,
0.47860953211784363,
0.3131948709487915,
0.1466909497976303,
0.27655500173568726,
0.3647836446762085,
0.37725359201431274,
-0.004389836452901363,
0.19891357421875,
-0.4432279169559479,
-0.2084280103445053,
-0.3839580714702606,
-0.10568413138389587,
-0.08015941083431244,
0.7600660920143127,
-0.35939377546310425,
0.2504131495952606,
-0.1784597486257553,
-0.32913443446159363,
0.27683669328689575,
0.46873122453689575,
0.3919302225112915,
-0.42550894618034363,
-0.014432759955525398,
-0.3143686056137085,
0.2491830736398697,
-0.09725717455148697,
-0.30302193760871887,
0.3423602879047394,
0.03944866359233856,
-0.1054951623082161,
-0.4622708857059479,
-0.06215961277484894,
0.059722900390625,
0.2106088548898697,
-0.23162841796875,
-0.12088409066200256,
0.35683968663215637,
-0.03326885402202606,
0.3156450688838959,
0.529541015625,
-0.27114632725715637,
-0.2891470193862915,
0.3653470575809479,
-0.3759249150753021,
-0.0038240873254835606,
0.20047232508659363,
-0.1252206712961197,
-0.3617788553237915,
-0.4382793605327606,
0.08053119480609894,
0.35625749826431274,
0.004106452688574791,
-0.46908804774284363,
-0.01991506665945053,
-0.0614471435546875,
0.14970985054969788,
0.3325289189815521,
0.04186424985527992,
-0.11113151907920837,
-0.036042433232069016,
-0.05996880307793617,
0.3269888162612915,
0.059373121708631516,
-0.3037015497684479,
-0.10712344944477081,
0.5552884340286255,
-0.16385892033576965,
0.3063870966434479,
-0.16183222830295563,
-0.19320560991764069,
0.2754000127315521,
0.020939167588949203,
-0.24625808000564575,
-0.09651066362857819,
0.4484487771987915,
-0.14556649327278137,
0.023277869448065758,
0.18423697352409363,
-0.38408952951431274,
0.07283607125282288,
-0.16425029933452606,
0.5602839589118958,
0.1731191724538803,
0.48003679513931274,
-0.06815925240516663,
-0.4227060079574585,
0.04262616112828255,
0.22088623046875,
0.5499549508094788,
0.07445819675922394,
-0.07886563986539841,
0.38352614641189575,
-0.0482427142560482,
0.04010538011789322,
0.025827260687947273,
-0.19417835772037506,
-0.2875835597515106,
0.3165752589702606,
0.04198514670133591,
-0.29237717390060425,
0.10397456586360931,
0.388427734375,
-0.12622657418251038,
-0.013226472772657871,
0.21851524710655212,
0.28280875086784363,
0.543287992477417,
0.13331809639930725,
-0.17265671491622925,
-0.3206035792827606,
0.06144758313894272,
0.005835757590830326,
0.39177995920181274,
0.40761154890060425,
-0.4827974736690521,
0.24458900094032288,
0.4549091160297394,
0.11124361306428909,
-0.3108379542827606,
0.3086782693862915,
0.018780048936605453,
0.20731207728385925,
-0.220428466796875,
0.5820875763893127,
0.4248422384262085,
0.36297136545181274,
-0.24001839756965637,
-0.24238468706607819,
-0.047122661024332047,
0.03558144345879555,
0.3229886591434479,
0.3059457540512085,
-0.08952213823795319,
0.24075552821159363,
0.3278902471065521,
0.4590595066547394,
0.3484638035297394,
0.028909536078572273,
-0.18625113368034363,
0.530686616897583,
0.09090482443571091,
0.17110560834407806,
-0.09545663744211197,
-0.2654184103012085,
-0.13946533203125,
0.37546950578689575,
-0.4337862432003021,
0.5480393767356873,
-0.36318734288215637,
0.1823704093694687,
-0.3596566915512085,
0.5961068868637085,
0.20224468410015106,
-0.3851224482059479,
0.07421933859586716,
0.12590672075748444,
0.03786380589008331,
0.1563039869070053,
-0.06915283203125,
-0.1753915697336197,
-0.13910381495952606,
-0.10830219089984894,
-0.08913421630859375,
0.13280238211154938,
0.16035813093185425,
-0.005588824860751629,
0.25075119733810425,
0.07216703146696091,
-0.09604402631521225,
0.3658541142940521,
-0.2754962742328644,
0.41880446672439575,
-0.027802687138319016,
-0.4506460428237915,
0.549269437789917,
0.33286696672439575,
0.07786090672016144,
0.2390981763601303,
0.43040114641189575,
0.3485201299190521,
-0.20087608695030212,
0.14326828718185425,
0.501145601272583,
0.4095928370952606,
-0.0745834931731224,
0.5591383576393127,
0.09432191401720047,
0.00964498519897461,
-0.13879159092903137,
0.0510093979537487,
0.1430388242006302,
0.6612643003463745,
-0.29268234968185425,
0.034029521048069,
-0.20372126996517181,
-0.240234375,
-0.033283527940511703,
-0.17724844813346863,
0.26462027430534363,
0.510573148727417,
-0.23361733555793762,
0.24090576171875,
0.525954008102417,
0.024147914722561836,
0.007883951999247074,
-0.3824556767940521,
-0.529541015625,
0.12807618081569672,
-0.08274459838867188,
-0.16251549124717712,
-0.3183218240737915,
0.2620474100112915,
-0.10090255737304688,
0.03198828920722008,
-0.20747902989387512,
-0.18856693804264069,
-0.08569658547639847,
0.11211160570383072,
0.28851789236068726,
0.12441664189100266,
0.18632625043392181,
-0.05347266420722008,
0.4051419794559479,
0.3239370584487915,
0.1715017408132553,
4.31129789352417,
0.469970703125,
0.032561082392930984,
-0.13340172171592712,
-0.3579852879047394,
-0.22207406163215637,
0.6944485902786255,
-0.38192984461784363,
-0.14151236414909363,
0.1530691236257553,
0.3295992314815521,
0.10985271632671356,
0.18076851963996887,
0.2176278978586197,
-0.24660080671310425,
0.4820462763309479,
0.6164738535881042,
0.21633675694465637,
-0.01996319182217121,
0.02235676720738411,
-0.3923809230327606,
0.48020583391189575,
0.30562180280685425,
0.1337655931711197,
0.27468636631965637,
-0.022798391059041023,
0.20033146440982819,
0.030843881890177727,
0.13421982526779175,
0.3572998046875,
0.2676321268081665,
0.08322202414274216,
-0.2628032863140106,
0.4500826299190521,
-0.6723210215568542,
0.16167743504047394,
0.40093523263931274,
0.24202316999435425,
0.18332847952842712,
-0.09329399466514587,
-0.40155500173568726,
0.0066317045129835606,
0.08995877951383591,
0.6701847910881042,
0.02889779955148697,
-0.06246009096503258,
0.09432044625282288,
0.36330002546310425,
0.20956656336784363,
0.31032150983810425,
0.32061767578125,
-0.0790252685546875,
-0.0799393281340599,
-0.21034592390060425,
0.16203895211219788,
0.3330453634262085,
0.318603515625,
0.09189312160015106,
0.027576740831136703,
-0.26693961024284363,
-0.21401742100715637,
-0.018832426518201828,
0.0725950077176094,
-0.1305166333913803,
-0.126617431640625,
0.19946758449077606,
0.16736720502376556,
0.22780902683734894,
0.1371084302663803,
0.015545184724032879,
0.17051814496517181,
0.3324068486690521,
0.139882892370224,
-0.1774057298898697,
0.18590839207172394,
0.41452497243881226,
-0.13411067426204681,
0.31000226736068726,
0.23725304007530212,
-0.024082036688923836,
0.15794959664344788,
-0.15469124913215637,
-0.11537992209196091,
0.11906080693006516,
-0.13646170496940613,
0.4936429560184479,
0.2936495244503021,
-0.110931396484375,
0.43580979108810425,
-0.06179897487163544,
0.5080003142356873,
-0.10328439623117447,
0.48187726736068726,
0.20435509085655212,
0.651611328125,
0.041324321180582047,
0.20340201258659363,
-4.063852310180664,
0.16834904253482819,
0.05858142673969269,
-0.21133187413215637,
0.11762882769107819,
-0.10485898703336716,
0.31077224016189575,
-0.054133929312229156,
-0.10446754097938538,
-0.13137099146842957,
-0.13588069379329681,
0.05489123612642288,
0.1266661435365677,
0.3636850118637085,
0.0730576142668724,
0.1145615205168724,
-0.08419447392225266,
0.21533203125,
0.24369385838508606,
-0.17656180262565613,
0.26057785749435425,
0.6692082285881042,
0.08834457397460938,
-0.1995473951101303,
-0.030336527153849602,
-0.041227780282497406,
-0.23570317029953003,
-0.27971941232681274,
0.3496845066547394,
-0.036256350576877594,
0.60400390625,
0.02538563683629036,
0.49575570225715637,
-0.27765363454818726,
0.21237418055534363,
0.5747445821762085,
0.028964409604668617,
0.23261906206607819,
0.4969576299190521,
0.4484487771987915,
0.13040512800216675,
0.12568546831607819,
0.28009504079818726,
0.2884052097797394,
0.23485389351844788,
0.34124284982681274,
-0.10407169163227081,
0.032855693250894547,
-0.192413330078125,
0.24549748003482819,
0.24864783883094788,
0.5211463570594788,
-0.25830078125,
0.29440543055534363,
0.47109749913215637,
-0.22333937883377075,
-0.162506103515625,
0.24784968793392181,
0.40114182233810425,
0.046927597373723984,
0.0009812575299292803,
-0.5335975289344788,
0.11046424508094788,
0.2160268872976303,
-0.04098451882600784,
0.23923198878765106,
-0.1873779296875,
0.18973247706890106,
0.32214120030403137,
-0.43200212717056274,
0.22892409563064575,
0.00949734915047884,
0.33384352922439575,
0.03764812648296356,
0.16171500086784363,
0.3278714716434479,
-0.31080979108810425,
0.18369704484939575,
0.5527907013893127,
-0.12746018171310425,
0.0885508581995964,
0.34423828125,
-0.3497689962387085,
-0.015582744963467121,
2.276817798614502,
0.38080304861068726,
2.043269157409668,
0.1535673886537552,
-0.3435457646846771,
0.06208889186382294,
0.011411226354539394,
0.2143930345773697,
-0.032406147569417953,
0.07542390376329422,
-0.2845012843608856,
0.2647564113140106,
0.23670372366905212,
0.0015053382376208901,
0.015862684696912766,
-0.04605689272284508,
0.37417367100715637,
-0.33338838815689087,
0.057277973741292953,
-0.2646038234233856,
0.24521109461784363,
-0.2921142578125,
-0.03156339377164841,
0.27447450160980225,
0.4923565089702606,
-0.29934456944465637,
-0.06192485988140106,
0.018738966435194016,
-0.0019319974817335606,
-0.5105543732643127,
-0.18238712847232819,
-0.10800288617610931,
0.505295991897583,
-0.2869884669780731,
-0.12021578103303909,
0.03515419736504555,
-0.1427987962961197,
4.689903736114502,
-0.17559197545051575,
0.1470489501953125,
-0.26630109548568726,
0.16697575151920319,
0.1889730542898178,
0.04392778128385544,
-0.46482497453689575,
-0.12047870457172394,
0.22107109427452087,
0.5255408883094788,
-0.27587419748306274,
0.06565504521131516,
-0.13624630868434906,
0.2095947265625,
0.4261380732059479,
-0.1260152906179428,
0.07877027243375778,
-0.05014977231621742,
0.22624324262142181,
0.26893967390060425,
0.15763327479362488,
0.014416034333407879,
-0.21311599016189575,
0.043381910771131516,
0.11477191746234894,
0.4408052861690521,
0.29941824078559875,
-0.024628272280097008,
0.5733736753463745,
0.13601920008659363,
5.43359375,
0.28648024797439575,
0.16759315133094788,
-0.33880144357681274,
-0.22484412789344788,
0.08955442160367966,
-0.019402431324124336,
-0.20309683680534363,
-0.15068405866622925,
-0.06238614767789841,
-0.18988506495952606,
0.32741135358810425,
-0.20672842860221863,
-0.14329205453395844,
-0.05833229795098305,
0.14227530360221863,
-0.055652324110269547,
-0.08023599535226822,
0.6600435972213745,
0.08313780277967453,
0.14167198538780212,
-0.06284977495670319,
0.19928213953971863,
-0.14927321672439575,
-0.059123918414115906,
-0.170623779296875,
-0.020545372739434242,
0.3748526871204376,
0.20326584577560425,
-0.3018798828125,
0.5444711446762085,
0.05518663674592972,
-0.033204298466444016,
0.2098013013601303,
-0.6719876527786255,
0.24458664655685425,
-0.055952806025743484,
0.008608304895460606,
0.10725168138742447,
-0.18332378566265106,
0.24170860648155212,
0.6676682829856873,
0.1251443773508072,
-0.16525313258171082,
-0.16387939453125,
0.27878981828689575,
-0.04563199728727341,
-0.115509033203125,
0.3134249150753021,
0.15082404017448425,
-0.11063678562641144,
0.05045259743928909,
0.5599083304405212,
-0.29356855154037476,
0.13021615147590637,
0.3004901707172394,
-0.09610366821289062,
0.12885577976703644,
0.521409273147583,
-0.3235990107059479,
0.48593375086784363,
0.12410207837820053,
-0.12225107103586197,
0.7911658883094788,
0.4400540888309479,
0.011773953214287758,
-0.0848236083984375,
-0.12717849016189575,
0.34450119733810425,
-0.11419090628623962,
-0.20969802141189575,
0.3876483738422394,
0.03497138246893883,
0.5048452615737915,
0.07762996852397919,
0.025977501645684242,
0.12074866890907288,
-0.3590557277202606,
-0.014011969789862633,
0.1632925122976303,
-0.14389976859092712,
-0.24630972743034363,
-0.3716947138309479,
0.3167255222797394,
-0.02421041578054428,
-0.07137122750282288,
-0.16882441937923431,
-0.14677077531814575,
0.32913443446159363,
0.2661884129047394,
0.5526028871536255,
0.05856264382600784,
-0.31080979108810425,
0.6996131539344788,
0.03667508810758591,
0.3541729152202606,
-0.1992563158273697,
0.13582226634025574,
0.20003098249435425,
0.2725078761577606,
-0.2679695785045624,
0.20553824305534363,
0.2238505482673645,
-0.2570894658565521,
0.4900653660297394,
-0.38916015625,
-0.104217529296875,
-0.021564189344644547,
0.21622584760189056,
0.17032095789909363,
0.4437349736690521,
0.5876277089118958,
-0.42315202951431274,
0.05383241921663284,
0.10387977957725525
] |
117 | When was the Annapolis Naval Academy founded? | [
{
"docid": "59766#0",
"text": "The United States Naval Academy (also known as USNA, Annapolis, or simply Navy) is a four-year coeducational federal service academy adjacent to Annapolis, Maryland. Established on 10 October 1845, under Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft, it is the second oldest of the United States' five service academies, and educates officers for commissioning primarily into the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. The campus is located on the former grounds of Fort Severn at the confluence of the Severn River and Chesapeake Bay in Anne Arundel County, east of Washington, D.C. and southeast of Baltimore. The entire campus (known to insiders as \"the Yard\") is a National Historic Landmark and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments. It replaced Philadelphia Naval Asylum, in Philadelphia, that served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1838 to 1845 when the Naval Academy formed in Annapolis.",
"title": "United States Naval Academy"
},
{
"docid": "57839#21",
"text": "The United States Naval Academy was founded in 1845 on the site of Fort Severn, and now occupies an area of land reclaimed from the Severn River next to the Chesapeake Bay. The Annapolis area was the home of a VLF-transmitter called NSS Annapolis, which was used by the United States Navy to communicate with its Atlantic submarine fleet. Students that attend the Naval Academy are enrolled in school for four years with a following five year commitment to serving in the Marine Corps or Navy. There is a typical average of around 4,500 students enrolled.",
"title": "Annapolis, Maryland"
},
{
"docid": "39573387#0",
"text": "Naval Square is a gated community within the Graduate Hospital neighborhood of Philadelphia that served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1834 to 1845, when the Naval Academy formed in Annapolis. It continued as a retirement home for sailors and marines and was called the Naval Home until 1976, when the facility was relocated to Mississippi.",
"title": "Naval Square, Philadelphia"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3755443#0",
"text": "The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland with the mission of educating and commissioning officers for the United States Navy and Marine Corps. The Academy was founded in 1845 and graduated its first class in 1846. The Academy is often referred to as Annapolis, while sports media refer to the Academy as \"Navy\" and the students as \"Midshipmen\"; this usage is officially endorsed. During the latter half of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th, the United States Naval Academy was the primary source of U.S. Navy and Marine Corps officers, with the Class of 1881 being the first to provide officers to the Marine Corps. Graduates of the Academy are also given the option of entering the United States Army or United States Air Force. Most Midshipmen are admitted through the congressional appointment system. The curriculum emphasizes various fields of engineering.",
"title": "List of United States Naval Academy alumni"
},
{
"docid": "4484411#46",
"text": "Ever since the founding of the Naval Academy in 1845, when the \"Band\" consisted of a fifer and a drummer, music has been an important part of Naval Academy life. Officially formed in November 1852, the United States Naval Academy Band lends musical support to the Brigade of Midshipmen and the surrounding community. However, the current version of the Naval Academy Band is a far cry from the thirteen men who reported to Annapolis over 150 years ago. Today, due to the unmatched versatility of its members, the band is able to blend tradition and change into a wide variety of musical styles.",
"title": "Navy Music Program"
},
{
"docid": "8800397#0",
"text": "The U.S. Naval Academy Bridge is a bridge that crosses the Severn River in Annapolis, Maryland. It is located downriver from the Severn River Bridge and adjacent to the United States Naval Academy. Its predecessor, a bascule bridge, once served as the main point of entry into Annapolis from both Ritchie Highway and the ferry to the Eastern Shore prior to the construction of the John Hanson Highway and the current Severn River Bridge. In 1994, the deteriorating bascule bridge was replaced with the current crossing. The bridge's design was the winning entry of a bridge design competition, and was officially named the U.S. Naval Academy Bridge in honor of the Naval Academy's 150th anniversary. The Naval Academy Bridge is part of Maryland Route 450 and provides an alternative entrance to the Naval Academy, avoiding downtown Annapolis.",
"title": "Naval Academy Bridge"
},
{
"docid": "57839#27",
"text": "The Naval Academy Masqueraders, a theater group at the United State Naval Academy, produces one \"main-stage show\" each fall and student-directed one-act plays in the spring. Founded in 1847, the Masqueraders is the oldest extracurricular activity at the\nNaval Academy. Its shows, performed in Mahan Hall, are selected to support the Academy's English curriculum.",
"title": "Annapolis, Maryland"
},
{
"docid": "17667940#1",
"text": "The museum's history dates back to 1845, when it was founded as the \"Naval School Lyceum\". In 1849, President James K. Polk directed the Navy's collection of historic flags be sent to the new Naval School at Annapolis for care and display, establishing one of the museum's oldest collections. After the Civil War, the Navy Department began forwarding many types of objects to the Naval Academy Lyceum, including trophies of war, items from exploration/survey expeditions, diplomatic missions, and naval related art. The Lyceum also became the repository for the collections of the U. S. Naval Lyceum at the New York Navy Yard in 1892, and received an extensive collection from the Boston Naval Library and Institute in 1922, significantly growing the collection.",
"title": "U.S. Naval Academy Museum"
},
{
"docid": "8635167#0",
"text": "The United States Naval Academy Chapel in Annapolis, Maryland, is one of two houses of worship on the grounds of the Navy's service academy. Protestant and Catholic services are held there. The Naval Academy Chapel is a focal point of the Academy and the city of Annapolis. The chapel is an important feature which led to the Academy being designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961.",
"title": "Naval Academy Chapel"
},
{
"docid": "59766#16",
"text": "The Civil War was disruptive to the Naval Academy. Southern sympathy ran high in Maryland. Although riots broke out, Maryland did not declare secession. The United States government planned to move the school, when the sudden outbreak of hostilities forced a quick departure. Almost immediately the three upper classes were detached and ordered to sea, and the remaining elements of the academy were transported to Fort Adams in Newport, Rhode Island by the USS \"Constitution\" in April 1861, where the academy was set up in temporary facilities and opened in May. The Annapolis campus, meanwhile, was turned into a United States Army Hospital.\nThe United States Navy was stressed by the situation as 24% of its officers resigned and joined the Confederate States Navy, including 95 graduates and 59 midshipmen, along with many key leaders who influenced USNA's founding. As the first superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory, Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury who advocated for creating the United States Naval Academy also resigned his commission.",
"title": "United States Naval Academy"
}
] | [
0.13188476860523224,
0.03926658630371094,
0.14994391798973083,
0.30714112520217896,
0.23918762803077698,
0.40687257051467896,
0.28345948457717896,
-0.3054260313510895,
0.35820311307907104,
0.26755982637405396,
0.22156372666358948,
-0.01815490797162056,
-0.801025390625,
0.14482346177101135,
-0.373046875,
0.05737914890050888,
0.49470216035842896,
0.5290282964706421,
-0.06069183349609375,
0.23688355088233948,
-0.07108764350414276,
0.48039549589157104,
0.08118896186351776,
0.21929320693016052,
-0.19049072265625,
0.10892333835363388,
0.15655517578125,
0.23819580674171448,
-0.08065948635339737,
0.24718627333641052,
0.5592041015625,
0.18561477959156036,
-0.06510238349437714,
0.5127197504043579,
-0.7062743902206421,
0.13715744018554688,
-0.02991333045065403,
-0.24189452826976776,
0.02277069166302681,
0.5788818597793579,
-0.20457763969898224,
0.2665649354457855,
0.294808954000473,
0.017271041870117188,
0.320578008890152,
-0.10680542141199112,
-0.0025955201126635075,
0.17038878798484802,
-0.1840972900390625,
0.1759321391582489,
-0.31085205078125,
-0.2764648497104645,
-0.2769409120082855,
0.03718271106481552,
-0.6772216558456421,
0.6202392578125,
-0.15432433784008026,
0.44792479276657104,
0.01954803429543972,
-0.02165527269244194,
0.34715574979782104,
-0.06061439588665962,
0.2593627870082855,
0.013722991570830345,
0.302490234375,
0.3367675840854645,
-0.09739284217357635,
0.1318359375,
0.10382385551929474,
0.5174560546875,
0.004068470094352961,
0.30937498807907104,
0.524462878704071,
0.011532592587172985,
0.10906219482421875,
-0.03997192531824112,
0.026477431878447533,
0.18147583305835724,
0.02637023851275444,
-0.2781127989292145,
0.5993407964706421,
-0.1179351806640625,
0.20026855170726776,
0.3706298768520355,
0.03971748426556587,
0.699755847454071,
0.04802246019244194,
-0.08176155388355255,
0.2225387543439865,
0.28515625,
-0.011555480770766735,
-0.03173675388097763,
-0.07663879543542862,
-0.11802063137292862,
0.3701171875,
0.3035339415073395,
0.22532348334789276,
-0.18239745497703552,
0.4627685546875,
-0.43095701932907104,
0.026722336187958717,
-0.14205627143383026,
0.03110046312212944,
0.2823852598667145,
0.10446472465991974,
-0.4441162049770355,
-0.53564453125,
0.02550354041159153,
0.5553954839706421,
0.24750061333179474,
0.15730591118335724,
-0.16659240424633026,
0.32630616426467896,
-0.223968505859375,
0.46818846464157104,
0.3783203065395355,
0.6800292730331421,
-0.11244811862707138,
-0.33819276094436646,
-0.9095703363418579,
0.177490234375,
0.3629394471645355,
-0.10017471015453339,
0.18634338676929474,
-0.007895278744399548,
-0.15675048530101776,
0.4918212890625,
0.03343849256634712,
0.5806884765625,
0.775927722454071,
0.13458099961280823,
0.14611205458641052,
-0.09772338718175888,
0.447021484375,
0.2933349609375,
0.028261566534638405,
0.232086181640625,
-0.623730480670929,
0.12599793076515198,
-0.24128875136375427,
-0.9735351800918579,
-0.36327847838401794,
0.19403839111328125,
0.48027342557907104,
0.04685528203845024,
0.129425048828125,
0.05544891208410263,
0.21522216498851776,
0.04994811862707138,
0.01880645751953125,
0.4284423887729645,
0.35295408964157104,
-0.0968223586678505,
0.4267822206020355,
0.18463821709156036,
0.2532089352607727,
0.5494384765625,
0.1950637847185135,
0.525097668170929,
-0.056458283215761185,
0.744433581829071,
0.38037109375,
0.4032226502895355,
-0.24117127060890198,
0.3449462950229645,
0.18379516899585724,
-0.08202056586742401,
0.4525390565395355,
0.4621826112270355,
-0.27128905057907104,
-0.09112987667322159,
0.13007888197898865,
0.5754638910293579,
-0.1255779266357422,
0.14044189453125,
0.15949097275733948,
-0.51611328125,
0.09091949462890625,
0.13650360703468323,
-0.17784424126148224,
0.164764404296875,
0.4916625916957855,
0.12200851738452911,
-0.03905811160802841,
0.5075439214706421,
0.2942748963832855,
0.24220581352710724,
-0.43353271484375,
-0.1953788697719574,
0.09745798259973526,
0.143421933054924,
0.08898315578699112,
0.3676620423793793,
-0.24809570610523224,
-0.17556190490722656,
0.6178954839706421,
-0.0005130767822265625,
0.20280151069164276,
-0.043065644800662994,
0.3306640684604645,
0.19800415635108948,
0.20885619521141052,
-0.456298828125,
0.03936004638671875,
0.43806153535842896,
-0.23412474989891052,
-0.3751220703125,
-0.033734750002622604,
-0.18663330376148224,
-0.33210450410842896,
-0.15578308701515198,
0.14586181938648224,
0.06464385986328125,
0.5722900629043579,
-0.00936813373118639,
0.23564453423023224,
-0.06121063232421875,
-0.05670928955078125,
0.5315917730331421,
-0.28240966796875,
-0.44379884004592896,
0.3182739317417145,
0.05307617038488388,
-0.2950073182582855,
0.0918121337890625,
-0.236236572265625,
-0.14618530869483948,
-0.14253540337085724,
0.13638000190258026,
0.3823486268520355,
0.04468841478228569,
-0.09076633304357529,
0.14345702528953552,
-0.32569581270217896,
0.30028074979782104,
0.18504028022289276,
0.4966064393520355,
-0.07286910712718964,
0.07284088432788849,
-0.13467827439308167,
0.31776124238967896,
-0.1779327392578125,
-0.01766986772418022,
-0.16519775986671448,
0.38264161348342896,
-0.21999511122703552,
0.35848695039749146,
0.01838531531393528,
-0.4366455078125,
-0.171600341796875,
0.04967613145709038,
-0.07208023220300674,
-0.147369384765625,
0.2750610411167145,
-0.4455322325229645,
0.20473022758960724,
0.11130981147289276,
0.10855408012866974,
-0.05433959886431694,
0.15123291313648224,
0.343658447265625,
0.08791427314281464,
0.24385985732078552,
0.27607423067092896,
0.1952362060546875,
0.06226158142089844,
0.03108673170208931,
0.24249267578125,
-0.10791168361902237,
0.15293732285499573,
0.6260741949081421,
-0.3783935606479645,
-0.049089811742305756,
0.18742981553077698,
-0.0268707275390625,
-0.1465229094028473,
-0.2028190642595291,
0.09279479831457138,
-0.28321534395217896,
0.5829712152481079,
0.02739887312054634,
-0.0543975830078125,
0.01983032189309597,
0.07996273040771484,
0.43317872285842896,
0.2833313047885895,
-0.23367920517921448,
0.113494873046875,
-0.08981628715991974,
-0.23870849609375,
0.324136346578598,
0.552197277545929,
-0.08211670070886612,
0.14973297715187073,
0.3619140684604645,
-0.45310670137405396,
-0.16676941514015198,
-0.4045776426792145,
-0.13397216796875,
-0.27790528535842896,
0.809326171875,
-0.23894652724266052,
0.40001219511032104,
0.01022491417825222,
-0.2289276123046875,
-0.2641357481479645,
-0.37928467988967896,
-0.06647567451000214,
-0.0963539108633995,
0.19021911919116974,
0.20166626572608948,
-0.3884826600551605,
0.05301818996667862,
0.3433471620082855,
0.333984375,
0.21991786360740662,
0.502514660358429,
-0.03128814697265625,
-0.06828613579273224,
0.08502139896154404,
-0.05176239088177681,
0.11159534752368927,
-0.45415037870407104,
0.105341337621212,
0.3697265684604645,
-0.632983386516571,
0.2047119140625,
-0.531909167766571,
0.5274292230606079,
0.4454345703125,
0.565289318561554,
0.20643921196460724,
-0.40333253145217896,
0.06728973239660263,
-0.27283936738967896,
0.3293090760707855,
-0.13031920790672302,
0.42808836698532104,
0.05590057373046875,
-0.062403105199337006,
0.1236572265625,
-0.0006509780650958419,
0.06472472846508026,
0.237457275390625,
-0.3452514708042145,
0.15789183974266052,
-0.06079864501953125,
0.3168273866176605,
0.7303711175918579,
-0.053076934069395065,
0.08586521446704865,
-0.04305267333984375,
-0.17183837294578552,
-0.15405884385108948,
0.34156113862991333,
0.0045219422318041325,
0.3078979551792145,
0.22803039848804474,
0.42072755098342896,
-0.31788331270217896,
0.10997924953699112,
0.3763671815395355,
0.6279052495956421,
0.4147705137729645,
0.200225830078125,
0.44262999296188354,
0.06793518364429474,
-0.3001386523246765,
-0.21283264458179474,
-0.0758873000741005,
-0.09841499477624893,
-0.0772552490234375,
0.11234817653894424,
0.22490234673023224,
-0.2848877012729645,
-0.08957824856042862,
-0.01481018029153347,
0.30729979276657104,
0.34343260526657104,
0.171142578125,
0.061972808092832565,
0.41633301973342896,
0.09977111965417862,
-0.22124023735523224,
-0.6824706792831421,
-0.07568664848804474,
-0.07516784965991974,
0.23548583686351776,
0.32307130098342896,
0.11242523044347763,
0.28474730253219604,
-0.18196411430835724,
-0.0417364127933979,
-0.3838134706020355,
-0.16411133110523224,
0.11176452785730362,
0.3041137754917145,
0.6205810308456421,
0.24097442626953125,
0.027025604620575905,
0.13924407958984375,
0.35795897245407104,
0.7513672113418579,
0.4786621034145355,
4.125781059265137,
0.2493896484375,
0.054598234593868256,
-0.2205352783203125,
-0.23782959580421448,
0.32421875,
0.33612060546875,
-0.43876951932907104,
0.2491455078125,
0.010100173763930798,
-0.14705200493335724,
0.05834007263183594,
0.11098937690258026,
-0.21270751953125,
0.08376026153564453,
-0.00740890484303236,
0.343099981546402,
-0.042176246643066406,
0.16335296630859375,
0.3098388612270355,
-0.3617309629917145,
0.26939088106155396,
0.21891479194164276,
0.13723373413085938,
0.5174804925918579,
0.03580169752240181,
0.07877006381750107,
-0.06982116401195526,
0.816699206829071,
-0.03785095363855362,
0.25184327363967896,
0.010016059502959251,
-0.149828240275383,
0.5623534917831421,
-0.8548339605331421,
0.004366683773696423,
0.10689544677734375,
0.346649169921875,
0.07805786281824112,
-0.08262214809656143,
-0.11948242038488388,
-0.07550735771656036,
0.7336670160293579,
0.3935790956020355,
0.29044800996780396,
0.06592206656932831,
-0.12856826186180115,
0.532055675983429,
0.043973542749881744,
0.06887207180261612,
0.20381470024585724,
-0.299560546875,
0.10483455657958984,
0.14298096299171448,
0.40363770723342896,
0.524096667766571,
0.23232421278953552,
0.45954591035842896,
0.07550220191478729,
0.27777099609375,
0.12448730319738388,
-0.08365173637866974,
0.18919678032398224,
0.011774110607802868,
-0.14031371474266052,
0.24196776747703552,
0.44462889432907104,
-0.07355652004480362,
-0.25477296113967896,
0.08431854099035263,
0.529101550579071,
0.2687133848667145,
0.0634990707039833,
-0.08498802036046982,
0.03298645094037056,
-0.24759522080421448,
-0.16869965195655823,
-0.3573974668979645,
0.10045280307531357,
0.3082275390625,
0.14054565131664276,
-0.22776488959789276,
0.08279571682214737,
0.24204711616039276,
0.13133545219898224,
0.441162109375,
-0.07341766357421875,
-0.20676270127296448,
0.4466796815395355,
-0.0015956878196448088,
0.17035523056983948,
0.23555298149585724,
0.04093055799603462,
-0.1353759765625,
0.525683581829071,
-0.059439849108457565,
-0.09832382202148438,
-3.986328125,
0.03564278036355972,
0.212544247508049,
-0.06145935133099556,
-0.05396556854248047,
-0.17596435546875,
0.006036949343979359,
0.10986556857824326,
-0.3024047911167145,
0.690600574016571,
-0.02011718787252903,
0.090215303003788,
-0.554858386516571,
0.36779022216796875,
0.33221435546875,
0.19094237685203552,
0.256277471780777,
0.14118652045726776,
0.32225340604782104,
-0.17364807426929474,
0.18941040337085724,
-0.06484832614660263,
0.04842100292444229,
-0.4444580078125,
0.14114074409008026,
0.3614257872104645,
0.22284583747386932,
-0.28291016817092896,
0.06785736232995987,
-0.11547241359949112,
-0.09837798774242401,
0.47252196073532104,
0.508251965045929,
-0.244140625,
0.17780455946922302,
0.8360351324081421,
0.2670226991176605,
0.43999022245407104,
0.5482177734375,
0.49102783203125,
-0.21025390923023224,
0.17820501327514648,
0.0595720037817955,
0.33531492948532104,
-0.16325759887695312,
-0.06714582443237305,
-0.12772445380687714,
-0.01461029052734375,
-0.42268067598342896,
0.411376953125,
0.3965087831020355,
0.18504638969898224,
0.013177871704101562,
-0.15114398300647736,
0.4967041015625,
0.019683074206113815,
0.03326771408319473,
-0.35096436738967896,
0.46113282442092896,
0.2833190858364105,
0.09322738647460938,
0.057250212877988815,
0.07148551940917969,
0.05619201809167862,
0.15562649071216583,
0.00862045306712389,
-0.1937030851840973,
0.746630847454071,
0.529833972454071,
-0.34593504667282104,
0.209991455078125,
-0.07437153160572052,
-0.1888427734375,
-0.05159721523523331,
0.1482902467250824,
0.09677734225988388,
-0.02107849158346653,
-0.24393920600414276,
0.3487915098667145,
-0.0080413818359375,
-0.1708213835954666,
0.28906363248825073,
-0.37749022245407104,
0.15255126357078552,
2.261523485183716,
0.24791260063648224,
2.137011766433716,
0.35460203886032104,
0.3763366639614105,
0.7549804449081421,
-0.4712890684604645,
-0.2885803282260895,
0.22742919623851776,
-0.15015563368797302,
0.30989378690719604,
-0.02498168870806694,
-0.09336242824792862,
0.38557130098342896,
-0.4131835997104645,
-0.020472144708037376,
0.3833374083042145,
-1.1309814453125,
0.18594971299171448,
-0.32255250215530396,
0.4803222715854645,
0.07267379760742188,
-0.15765991806983948,
0.47239989042282104,
-0.360726922750473,
0.0828857421875,
-0.14595946669578552,
-0.16625365614891052,
0.005260467529296875,
-0.11112594604492188,
-0.56982421875,
0.39897459745407104,
0.5047851800918579,
-0.10296936333179474,
0.08958129584789276,
0.543261706829071,
0.08986511081457138,
4.667187690734863,
-0.22586670517921448,
-0.141876220703125,
0.24306640028953552,
0.03531455993652344,
-0.18046264350414276,
0.43310546875,
0.06458587944507599,
-0.008517742156982422,
0.03813028335571289,
0.34367674589157104,
0.5293823480606079,
-0.15030518174171448,
-0.10253600776195526,
0.09752535820007324,
0.15439757704734802,
0.3470703065395355,
0.0230712890625,
0.13672789931297302,
-0.027597427368164062,
0.370361328125,
-0.25806885957717896,
0.22928467392921448,
-0.2538085877895355,
-0.059423066675662994,
-0.21149292588233948,
-0.280181884765625,
-0.3614135682582855,
-0.06513214111328125,
0.04791259765625,
0.027979278936982155,
5.467968940734863,
0.12887802720069885,
-0.17009583115577698,
-0.22281494736671448,
-0.09731750190258026,
0.22675780951976776,
-0.43754881620407104,
-0.10596618801355362,
-0.357177734375,
-0.1062469482421875,
-0.21303710341453552,
0.2985473573207855,
-0.526196300983429,
0.7850586175918579,
0.3245849609375,
0.617260754108429,
-0.447509765625,
0.05097808688879013,
0.42939454317092896,
-0.30015867948532104,
0.519091784954071,
0.12679024040699005,
0.14971312880516052,
-0.7452636957168579,
-0.536425769329071,
-0.12657471001148224,
0.118560791015625,
0.04304809495806694,
0.10171432793140411,
0.11662139743566513,
0.18437500298023224,
-0.15150146186351776,
0.523425281047821,
-0.02663736417889595,
0.08837451785802841,
-0.01418228168040514,
0.15929564833641052,
-0.10222472995519638,
0.20921631157398224,
0.03838691860437393,
0.011947060003876686,
0.042783357203006744,
-0.48975831270217896,
0.12370910495519638,
0.20032349228858948,
-0.1975761353969574,
-0.038674451410770416,
-0.13348388671875,
-0.0084228515625,
-0.0038768767844885588,
0.772998034954071,
-0.3590087890625,
1.0177733898162842,
0.37921142578125,
0.20173950493335724,
0.0848155990242958,
-0.08553161472082138,
-0.05328064039349556,
0.25096434354782104,
-0.004656600765883923,
0.4351951479911804,
0.08897781372070312,
-0.01077117957174778,
0.3045288026332855,
0.2770629823207855,
0.18277588486671448,
0.32313233613967896,
-0.0955352783203125,
0.5437988042831421,
-0.277923583984375,
0.106048583984375,
0.3120971620082855,
-0.019068146124482155,
0.024414826184511185,
-0.2667480409145355,
0.11001606285572052,
-0.31178587675094604,
-0.11762237548828125,
0.525805652141571,
0.23115234076976776,
-0.01555023156106472,
-0.38053590059280396,
-0.336181640625,
0.3620849549770355,
0.09518127143383026,
-0.011598015204071999,
0.11895599216222763,
0.0020599365234375,
0.4499145448207855,
0.053580474108457565,
0.05738773196935654,
-0.39704591035842896,
-0.3454345762729645,
0.283599853515625,
-0.08116760104894638,
0.09428977966308594,
0.7184082269668579,
0.421987920999527,
-0.20165634155273438,
0.009139060974121094,
0.08352966606616974,
-0.13406677544116974,
-0.1094997376203537,
-0.07277679443359375,
0.236419677734375,
0.0380534753203392,
-0.23047485947608948,
0.11124725639820099,
0.5448242425918579,
0.28400880098342896,
0.4227539002895355,
0.07191276550292969,
0.030229950323700905,
-0.03058929368853569,
-0.03237190097570419
] |
118 | What is an organophosphate? | [
{
"docid": "959629#0",
"text": "Organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure O=P(OR). They can be considered as esters of phosphoric acid. Like most functional groups organophosphates occur in a diverse range of forms, with important examples including key biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and ATP, as well as many insecticides, herbicides, and nerve agents.",
"title": "Organophosphate"
},
{
"docid": "14454224#2",
"text": "Organophosphate is the general name for esters of phosphoric acid and is one of the organophosphorus compounds. They can be found as part of insecticides, herbicides, and nerve gases, amongst others. Some less-toxic organophosphates can be used as solvents, plasticizers, and EP additives. The use of organophosphates accounts for approximately 38% of all pesticide use globally.",
"title": "Aryldialkylphosphatase"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "12523440#24",
"text": "Under a 1988 amendment to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates organophosphate pesticides Its focus was initially on registering pesticides for use on food crops. No pesticide can be sold in the United States before the EPA has reviewed the manufacture's application for registration and determined that the use of the product will not present an unreasonable risk to the public or the environment. In 1996, with the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act, Congress required the EPA to reassess all existing pesticide tolerances with specific consideration for children. This resulted in a 10-year review process of the health and environmental effects of all pesticides, beginning with the organophosphates. As part of that process, in 1999 the EPA announced a ban the use of organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion and significant restrictions on the use of another OP, azinphos methyl, in what they called \"kid's food\". The review process was concluded in 2006 and eliminated or modified thousands of other uses of pesticides. Other legislative action has been taken to protect children from the risks of organophosphates.",
"title": "Organophosphate poisoning"
},
{
"docid": "959629#18",
"text": "Many \"organophosphates\" are potent nerve agents, functioning by inhibiting the action of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in nerve cells. They are one of the most common causes of poisoning worldwide, and are frequently intentionally used in suicides in agricultural areas. Organophosphosphate pesticides can be absorbed by all routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Their inhibitory effects on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme lead to a pathological excess of acetylcholine in the body. Their toxicity is not limited to the acute phase, however, and chronic effects have long been noted. Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (which is affected by organophosphate pesticides) are profoundly important in the brain's development, and many organophosphates have neurotoxic effects on developing organisms, even from low levels of exposure. Other organophosphates are not toxic, yet their main metabolites, such as their oxons, are. Treatment includes both a pralidoxime binder and an anticholinergic such as atropine.",
"title": "Organophosphate"
},
{
"docid": "959629#25",
"text": "According to the EPA, organophosphate use in 2004 accounts for 40% of all insecticide products used in the United States. Out of concerns for potential hazards of organophosphate exposure to child development, the EPA began phasing out forms of organophosphates used indoors in 2001. While it is used in forestry, urban, and public health spraying (mosquito abatement programs, etc.) as well, the general population has been observed to have low exposure . Thus, the primary affected population that faces exposure to organophosphates are farmworkers, especially those in countries that have fewer restrictions on its usage, such as in India.",
"title": "Organophosphate"
},
{
"docid": "959629#7",
"text": "The word \"organophosphates\", when appearing in communications (e.g., from the press or the government), in areas such as agriculture, the environment, and human and animal health, very often refers to a group of insecticides (pesticides) that act on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (see also carbamates). Today, organophosphates make up about 50% of the killing agents in chemical pesticides.",
"title": "Organophosphate"
},
{
"docid": "21017896#10",
"text": "In any part of the world that uses organophosphates, \"C. megacephala\" could prove to be beneficial. Organophosphate compounds are used in agriculture and are highly toxic. Organophosphate poisoning often causes death, and in many cases, by evaluating the body tissue and fluids, the toxin can be identified as the source of the poisoning. However, it is somewhat difficult to evaluate the body tissue in a body that is exceedingly decomposed. Nevertheless, a medical examiner in Hawaii worked on a case in which poisoning by malathion, an organophosphate insecticide, was thought to be the cause of death. The victim’s stomach contents and body fat were examined and found to have contained malathion. The fly larvae of \"Chrysomya megacephala\" and \"Chrysomya rufifacies\" were also present at the scene on the body and were tested for malathion. Both of these species did contain malathion, but there had been no previous record of organophosphates in their larvae. Studying larvae from decomposed remains may provide an effective method of determining the presence of these toxins in a body that is extremely decayed.",
"title": "Chrysomya megacephala"
},
{
"docid": "13023736#14",
"text": "In 1999, the EPA banned most uses of methyl parathion and azinphos methyl, citing the risks they pose to children. Both methyl parathion and azinphos methyl are organophosphates. Organophosphates are pesticides that kill insects by disrupting nerve impulses. Unfortunately, these pesticides have the same effect on humans. In 2000, the EPA banned another organophosphate, (chlorpyrifos), that was common in the agriculture industry, household cleaners and commercial pest control products, due to a study showing that chlorpyrifos caused weakness, vomiting and diarrhea in baby rats.",
"title": "Food Quality Protection Act"
},
{
"docid": "959629#23",
"text": "An organic diet is an effective way to reduce exposure to the organophosphorus pesticides commonly used in agricultural production. Organophosphate metabolite levels rapidly drop, and for some metabolites, become undetectable in children's urine when an organic diet is consumed. This is speculative based on a short study of 23 children, in which only a few organophosphate compounds were potentially reduced, no effect was shown for the majority of them that were found in the samples.",
"title": "Organophosphate"
},
{
"docid": "32195157#1",
"text": "Carbophenothion is a highly toxic organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Organophosphates are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and disrupt the signal transduction at the cholinergic synapse. It is classified as Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Carbophenothion is used in different brands like Trithion. This pesticide contains 80% carbophenothion as its only active ingredient. Because of the widespread use of those organophosphates in the nineties in the US, it was the most common cause of agricultural poisonings.",
"title": "Carbophenothion"
}
] | [
0.2352701872587204,
0.3561876118183136,
-0.4166124165058136,
0.07415347546339035,
0.1207444965839386,
-0.7809787392616272,
0.2986246645450592,
-0.2143419086933136,
0.2248602956533432,
0.580322265625,
-0.2891506552696228,
0.2114291787147522,
-0.2121378630399704,
0.0039164223708212376,
-0.4707573652267456,
-0.3418918251991272,
0.2657063901424408,
-0.1434326171875,
-0.002246856689453125,
0.1447923481464386,
0.2030232697725296,
0.0583919957280159,
0.133331298828125,
0.0383249931037426,
0.2352023720741272,
-0.0020701091270893812,
-0.2873399555683136,
0.5898708701133728,
0.4803331196308136,
0.0964423269033432,
0.0980902761220932,
-0.0971713587641716,
0.04082658514380455,
0.3778890073299408,
-0.27972412109375,
0.2969563901424408,
0.2810329794883728,
0.2735866904258728,
-0.2590738832950592,
0.0730862095952034,
-0.3001980185508728,
0.1871609091758728,
0.2179701030254364,
0.0587090402841568,
0.2676730751991272,
-0.0843709334731102,
0.2234870046377182,
0.7102321982383728,
-0.3571641743183136,
0.1823628693819046,
-0.387451171875,
0.02549234963953495,
-0.06468793749809265,
-0.00551520474255085,
-0.4837510883808136,
-0.05675019323825836,
-0.2810736894607544,
0.5099555253982544,
0.0996687114238739,
-0.1082611083984375,
0.5179579257965088,
-0.0097978375852108,
-0.3687879741191864,
0.0714874267578125,
0.2820027768611908,
0.2066718190908432,
-0.05944400280714035,
-0.04287073388695717,
0.1296657919883728,
0.1073167622089386,
0.3609754741191864,
0.6089951992034912,
0.2490369975566864,
0.03807290270924568,
-0.0900234654545784,
0.0759650319814682,
-0.0282558873295784,
0.2204657644033432,
0.4781087338924408,
0.049740418791770935,
0.2502475380897522,
-0.2036878764629364,
-0.05975596234202385,
0.1465216726064682,
-0.3106282651424408,
0.2563747763633728,
0.06925400346517563,
0.2723931074142456,
0.1839464008808136,
0.5026041865348816,
0.1319376677274704,
0.0945858433842659,
0.1435106098651886,
0.1088121235370636,
0.0434994176030159,
0.2856987714767456,
0.5216200351715088,
0.07042990624904633,
0.09240637719631195,
-0.4205864667892456,
-0.10233582556247711,
-0.2593587338924408,
-0.0768161341547966,
0.2548014223575592,
0.24462890625,
-0.2610541582107544,
-0.15532854199409485,
-0.038818359375,
0.3990342915058136,
0.2580702006816864,
-0.013361613266170025,
0.0146467424929142,
-0.3585747480392456,
-0.3306070864200592,
0.3820529580116272,
0.3377007246017456,
0.1401774138212204,
-0.3671061098575592,
-0.3024156391620636,
-0.8905707597732544,
0.271728515625,
0.02765316516160965,
-0.2442898154258728,
-0.3771158754825592,
0.2929891049861908,
-0.002331203781068325,
0.5388454794883728,
0.1787312775850296,
0.7422959804534912,
0.3894721269607544,
-0.10579469799995422,
0.1654459685087204,
0.1567315012216568,
0.6565755009651184,
0.2274509072303772,
-0.2642686665058136,
0.4038357138633728,
-0.0710517019033432,
-0.3017171323299408,
-0.4837239682674408,
-0.2153455913066864,
-0.5714518427848816,
0.0486857108771801,
0.2260538786649704,
-0.2083333283662796,
0.1425645649433136,
-0.1806979775428772,
0.1412997841835022,
-0.1842990517616272,
0.0459323450922966,
-0.1216990128159523,
0.50927734375,
-0.1219414621591568,
0.7320963740348816,
0.4622395932674408,
0.00647820346057415,
0.5633748173713684,
0.0087568499147892,
0.2270372211933136,
-0.1236029714345932,
0.7743598222732544,
0.4258626401424408,
-0.0700191929936409,
-0.2682698667049408,
0.1705186665058136,
0.3364393413066864,
-0.1081831157207489,
0.4438205361366272,
0.63916015625,
-0.2456325888633728,
-0.3278944194316864,
0.01171196810901165,
-0.1586134135723114,
0.0637308731675148,
0.3602159321308136,
-0.0275692418217659,
-0.06971655786037445,
0.063507080078125,
0.3622232973575592,
-0.2339986115694046,
0.2291259765625,
0.3921169638633728,
0.0381300188601017,
-0.2216796875,
0.5596516728401184,
0.1834784597158432,
0.2536655068397522,
-0.0050928327254951,
-0.1106194406747818,
0.0263180211186409,
0.1849704384803772,
-0.0674506276845932,
0.5981004238128662,
-0.08537386357784271,
0.1246134415268898,
0.3950737714767456,
0.0873548686504364,
0.5715603232383728,
-0.0652126744389534,
0.01735358126461506,
0.2545301616191864,
-0.1120029017329216,
-0.4397786557674408,
0.0934109166264534,
0.3192138671875,
-0.3864237368106842,
0.1991509348154068,
0.1228688582777977,
-0.1418219655752182,
-0.3063558042049408,
0.2978176474571228,
0.0975613072514534,
0.09315024316310883,
-0.0222625732421875,
-0.6175130009651184,
0.0470258928835392,
-0.02208879217505455,
-0.3152669370174408,
0.5390896201133728,
-0.0907185897231102,
-0.2066446989774704,
0.2517632246017456,
0.0095655657351017,
0.047794342041015625,
0.1872694194316864,
-0.1183912456035614,
-0.1927829384803772,
-0.2622239887714386,
0.1067979633808136,
0.1889512836933136,
0.2095269113779068,
0.024064170196652412,
0.1421135812997818,
0.1865946501493454,
0.44873046875,
0.1857638955116272,
0.4462348222732544,
0.043022580444812775,
0.3787434995174408,
-0.0814412459731102,
0.2607421875,
-0.18335427343845367,
-0.4667426347732544,
-0.1125996932387352,
0.4239908754825592,
0.059455446898937225,
0.2843471169471741,
-0.08679156750440598,
-0.1769070029258728,
-0.07317797094583511,
-0.1140848770737648,
0.3148566484451294,
-0.1832004189491272,
0.6756184697151184,
-0.0008426242275163531,
0.2841390073299408,
0.2605116069316864,
-0.092742919921875,
0.0611233189702034,
0.2615831196308136,
0.4672580361366272,
0.06719970703125,
0.6177842617034912,
-0.0386149100959301,
-0.20527267456054688,
-0.0397067591547966,
0.055079564452171326,
0.4429524838924408,
0.1626485139131546,
-0.2152099609375,
0.1139865443110466,
-0.1683010458946228,
0.0860816091299057,
0.0732048898935318,
-0.3022189736366272,
0.14701302349567413,
-0.342041015625,
0.1722479909658432,
-0.2354871928691864,
-0.0532565638422966,
0.1399095356464386,
0.013920254074037075,
-0.2131618857383728,
-0.0923343226313591,
0.05321163684129715,
0.20904074609279633,
-0.1022610142827034,
-0.2041829377412796,
-0.07678604125976562,
-0.0252804234623909,
0.1677415668964386,
0.5469563603401184,
0.3632270097732544,
-0.2068074494600296,
0.1383633017539978,
-0.1150377094745636,
0.4071180522441864,
-0.1536814421415329,
0.0600229911506176,
-0.2095404714345932,
0.5460205078125,
-0.3525390625,
0.3326890766620636,
0.5787217617034912,
0.010257297195494175,
-0.5861545205116272,
-0.7847222089767456,
-0.12634743750095367,
0.1504482626914978,
0.4822048544883728,
0.3542887270450592,
-0.0557946115732193,
-0.1344231516122818,
0.2252739816904068,
0.2145860493183136,
0.3099772036075592,
0.1682281494140625,
-0.2003343403339386,
0.6278212070465088,
0.2114054411649704,
-0.24924595654010773,
0.1335364431142807,
-0.3079969584941864,
-0.2352498322725296,
0.4849175214767456,
-0.4646538496017456,
0.2069837749004364,
-0.4187282919883728,
-0.2142876535654068,
0.2400037944316864,
0.5118272304534912,
0.4877387285232544,
0.3763020932674408,
0.19317626953125,
-0.0491129569709301,
0.1963568776845932,
-0.1755133718252182,
0.1873779296875,
0.302978515625,
-0.0582411028444767,
-0.10712093859910965,
-0.2139824777841568,
0.14361572265625,
0.4098849892616272,
-0.0337151437997818,
0.2964681088924408,
-0.3005235493183136,
0.0830925852060318,
0.6726887822151184,
-0.028892304748296738,
-0.013988918624818325,
0.2500881552696228,
-0.2879367470741272,
-0.2619357705116272,
0.00970458984375,
0.1900905966758728,
0.254150390625,
0.3621690571308136,
0.1099141463637352,
-0.1706339567899704,
0.2159491628408432,
0.1787753701210022,
0.5936415195465088,
-0.3576321005821228,
0.23475705087184906,
0.1506076455116272,
-0.4518771767616272,
-0.0907762348651886,
0.14653100073337555,
-0.08017942309379578,
-0.0800713449716568,
-0.1085238978266716,
-0.3038736879825592,
0.0275429617613554,
-0.1268547922372818,
-0.4026150107383728,
0.01271735318005085,
0.4825846254825592,
0.6284722089767456,
0.1355387419462204,
0.3053182065486908,
0.4016384482383728,
0.4677463173866272,
-0.2314181923866272,
0.2509019672870636,
-0.0894910991191864,
-0.1984286904335022,
0.015037748962640762,
-0.19805908203125,
-0.2305026650428772,
-0.20703125,
-0.012356228195130825,
-0.4060194194316864,
0.11228857934474945,
0.1634521484375,
-0.2526448667049408,
0.03044637106359005,
0.48681640625,
0.1325039267539978,
0.0027821857947856188,
0.03164927288889885,
-0.1479085236787796,
0.5381401777267456,
0.3419596254825592,
4.115017414093018,
0.0482601597905159,
-0.05045085400342941,
0.1019439697265625,
0.0481499582529068,
0.344482421875,
0.1574164479970932,
0.2386186420917511,
-0.2193603515625,
0.11075592041015625,
-0.056064289063215256,
0.1806572824716568,
-0.2771809995174408,
0.3121931254863739,
0.009749730117619038,
-0.08031463623046875,
0.23883056640625,
0.0475938580930233,
0.0772874653339386,
0.3132866621017456,
-0.4346517026424408,
-0.03462812677025795,
0.1697252094745636,
0.3026699423789978,
0.6896701455116272,
0.1884290874004364,
-0.2029317170381546,
0.2143656462430954,
0.6180827021598816,
0.1805555522441864,
0.5929362177848816,
0.11300722509622574,
-0.04308213293552399,
-0.1359524130821228,
-0.7813042402267456,
-0.033385805785655975,
0.1769985556602478,
0.4430474042892456,
-0.02431149035692215,
-0.0670250803232193,
-0.3658040463924408,
0.3162027895450592,
0.4484592080116272,
0.4031846821308136,
0.4115668535232544,
-0.5480685830116272,
-0.2215915322303772,
0.5918239951133728,
0.2400970458984375,
0.6126301884651184,
0.0975443497300148,
0.1384480744600296,
0.3388400673866272,
0.0463646799325943,
0.441650390625,
0.5070258378982544,
0.0852712020277977,
0.3778211772441864,
-0.3141818642616272,
0.22625732421875,
0.4473334550857544,
0.10547298938035965,
0.6830512285232544,
0.3255479633808136,
-0.6316189169883728,
0.05520141124725342,
0.037158966064453125,
0.6241319179534912,
0.1627705842256546,
-0.2804735004901886,
0.87109375,
0.4160970151424408,
0.1857571005821228,
-0.05696868896484375,
0.2241092324256897,
0.1211700439453125,
-0.32958984375,
-0.2044745534658432,
-0.07435692846775055,
0.04266950860619545,
0.1576046347618103,
-0.11089494824409485,
0.1612955778837204,
0.4490288496017456,
0.3463541567325592,
0.5579698085784912,
0.48468017578125,
-0.4673055112361908,
0.2808566689491272,
-0.05502234399318695,
0.4288465678691864,
-0.0852847620844841,
-0.0288102887570858,
0.2053358256816864,
0.06188371405005455,
0.0206451416015625,
-0.1725192666053772,
-3.9748263359069824,
0.2480197548866272,
0.2083740234375,
0.1202528178691864,
0.1917860209941864,
0.4285481870174408,
-0.1151529923081398,
0.1259901225566864,
-0.3796929121017456,
0.6960720419883728,
-0.3678928017616272,
0.061790041625499725,
-0.2534993588924408,
0.4876573383808136,
0.2121785432100296,
-0.04406483843922615,
0.2720811665058136,
0.1689826101064682,
-0.01971944235265255,
-0.2688937783241272,
-0.013722207397222519,
0.64990234375,
0.0881737619638443,
-0.3279622495174408,
0.0878448486328125,
0.1951361745595932,
-0.1598883718252182,
-0.3975016176700592,
0.0388844795525074,
-0.1622111052274704,
0.0560336634516716,
0.2758246660232544,
0.5459255576133728,
-0.4405110776424408,
-0.0435350202023983,
0.6600748896598816,
0.3293321430683136,
0.1373630166053772,
0.3438042402267456,
0.428955078125,
-0.2221815288066864,
0.2717420756816864,
0.3097144365310669,
0.0821685791015625,
-0.3117133378982544,
0.1944240927696228,
-0.3578559160232544,
0.3785400390625,
-0.5869140625,
0.3179253339767456,
0.2794460654258728,
0.3461371660232544,
-0.3502468466758728,
-0.0751885324716568,
0.8342556357383728,
0.150543212890625,
0.1210649311542511,
0.17011472582817078,
0.5738118290901184,
0.4803602397441864,
-0.1573486328125,
-0.1153293177485466,
0.1214972585439682,
0.0076904296875,
0.2628716230392456,
-0.0399339459836483,
-0.11797671765089035,
-0.16536034643650055,
0.2807786762714386,
-0.1345876008272171,
0.4054768979549408,
0.1922505646944046,
0.11293622851371765,
-0.3389756977558136,
-0.1427069753408432,
0.3414171040058136,
-0.18758848309516907,
-0.09319326281547546,
0.4890950620174408,
0.0297987200319767,
0.0030144585762172937,
-0.0665554478764534,
-0.3253038227558136,
-0.1691826730966568,
2.396375894546509,
0.013074238784611225,
2.268988609313965,
-0.3187595009803772,
-0.1982964426279068,
0.5561794638633728,
-0.3245442807674408,
0.2913411557674408,
-0.2114732563495636,
-0.0054372153244912624,
0.2552066445350647,
0.0617997907102108,
-0.03087361715734005,
-0.0239401925355196,
-0.2888861894607544,
0.1158650740981102,
0.2421061247587204,
-0.7750922441482544,
-0.1366526335477829,
-0.275390625,
0.03396691381931305,
-0.1210428848862648,
-0.0891588032245636,
0.6615126132965088,
-0.01238335482776165,
0.0014406839618459344,
-0.3012966513633728,
-0.08781009167432785,
-0.1797281950712204,
-0.3571099042892456,
-0.145172119140625,
0.3519541323184967,
0.3438856303691864,
-0.0221269391477108,
0.3834092915058136,
0.2197536826133728,
-0.0002566443581599742,
4.705295085906982,
0.02622222900390625,
-0.3629557192325592,
-0.0008104112348519266,
0.2936062216758728,
0.4066840410232544,
0.2941487729549408,
0.06772401928901672,
-0.3149685263633728,
0.1777479350566864,
0.16479068994522095,
0.0699598491191864,
0.3000352680683136,
-0.3460828959941864,
0.3168131411075592,
-0.014309353195130825,
0.2894965410232544,
0.015569050796329975,
0.02202690951526165,
-0.3370090126991272,
0.3271959125995636,
-0.1777818500995636,
0.1425560861825943,
-0.08834753930568695,
-0.08819580078125,
-0.13873291015625,
0.0506456159055233,
-0.2227817177772522,
-0.0476972796022892,
0.4655490517616272,
0.1641710102558136,
5.450954914093018,
0.2663031816482544,
0.0775977224111557,
-0.2219916433095932,
-0.1853162944316864,
0.6971571445465088,
-0.1347028911113739,
-0.15040673315525055,
-0.1830240935087204,
-0.07434548437595367,
0.014644821174442768,
0.007815890945494175,
-0.2298923134803772,
0.2763909101486206,
-0.403564453125,
0.3271891176700592,
-0.2228054404258728,
0.0026867124252021313,
-0.051589541137218475,
-0.10447099804878235,
0.039572399109601974,
0.23693741858005524,
0.1463521271944046,
-0.3646308183670044,
-0.2495897114276886,
-0.01804436556994915,
0.4134385883808136,
-0.10789696127176285,
-0.2122327983379364,
0.0217115618288517,
0.3701714277267456,
0.2149387001991272,
0.1409199982881546,
0.3534613847732544,
-0.08477783203125,
0.0662689208984375,
0.3769124448299408,
-0.008138020522892475,
0.4452039897441864,
0.002804226242005825,
0.5706923007965088,
0.2705349326133728,
0.2492946982383728,
0.2101915180683136,
-0.2432657927274704,
-0.2894422709941864,
-0.019514190033078194,
0.1224551722407341,
0.3642578125,
0.4510633647441864,
0.2663167417049408,
0.05799950659275055,
0.8280165195465088,
0.0703531876206398,
0.6112196445465088,
0.515380859375,
-0.0644412562251091,
0.4954427182674408,
0.0508100725710392,
0.06030188500881195,
0.7240668535232544,
0.0629764124751091,
-0.0877651646733284,
0.4192708432674408,
0.3179389238357544,
0.666015625,
0.0997246652841568,
0.1374681293964386,
0.7384440302848816,
-0.1784871369600296,
-0.0306209996342659,
-0.1277499794960022,
0.07653241604566574,
0.7339409589767456,
0.0537516288459301,
0.4101969301700592,
0.2132636159658432,
-0.1864081472158432,
0.1859334260225296,
0.26318359375,
0.1774359792470932,
0.061512842774391174,
-0.0870700404047966,
0.1868828684091568,
-0.1633029580116272,
-0.27734375,
-0.1236470565199852,
0.08327441662549973,
0.2457495778799057,
-0.1060587540268898,
0.2561849057674408,
-0.2945421040058136,
-0.19271214306354523,
0.5485568642616272,
-0.0759836807847023,
0.014209323562681675,
0.32449594140052795,
0.4963650107383728,
-0.2921210527420044,
-0.0697055384516716,
-0.04034678265452385,
0.2923583984375,
0.4198676347732544,
-0.1848619282245636,
0.4150661826133728,
-0.0970628559589386,
0.3127577006816864,
-0.2191365510225296,
-0.4690755307674408,
-0.1177639439702034,
0.2971055805683136,
0.2949693500995636,
-0.1341891884803772,
0.05858951061964035,
-0.0954996719956398
] |
120 | What are the stages of grief? | [
{
"docid": "45043985#7",
"text": "While Kübler-Ross, Anderson, and others have attempted to define discrete stages of grief, such as an initial period of numbness leading to depression and finally to reorganization and recovery, most modern grief specialists recognize the variations and fluidity of grief experiences, that differ considerably in intensity and length among cultural groups and from person to person. No grief stage theory has been able to account for how people cope with loss, why they experience varying degrees and types of distress at different times, and how or when they adjust to a life without their loved one over time.",
"title": "Susan Anderson (psychotherapist)"
},
{
"docid": "16097630#27",
"text": "During the course of the novel, the ideas of the stages of grief are introduced. The stages are denial, anger, depression, and acceptance. The narrator, as well as other characters in the story, slowly passes through these stages in trying to deal with death.",
"title": "Grief (novel)"
},
{
"docid": "6413510#8",
"text": "There are many models for dealing with grief. The Kubler-Ross model describes grieving in five steps or stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance (Kubler-Ross, 1969). In other words, in order to begin grieving one must first endorse the loss, and then express emotion. The griever must then accept the loss and adjust to the change the death or loss caused in his or her life (Cordaro, 2012). Over the years, however, how grief is conceptualised has moved away from predictable stages that lead to 'recovery' or 'closure', towards an understanding of grief that addresses the complexity and diversity of the grieving experience (Australian Psychological Society, 2016). Models such as Worden's tasks of grief (2008) and the Dual-Process model (Stroebe and Schutt,1999) offer frameworks for dealing with grief in a way that enhances the self awareness of the grieving person (Australian Psychological Society, 2016).",
"title": "Disenfranchised grief"
},
{
"docid": "9820592#1",
"text": "The five stages namely, denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her model of grief describe the process by which people undergo after a loss. Anxiety, dread, guilt, helplessness, hopelessness, and feelings of being overwhelmed are also common. However, it is important to note that anticipatory grief is not simply normal grief begun earlier.",
"title": "Anticipatory grief"
},
{
"docid": "12198880#4",
"text": "For most bereaved individuals, the journey through grief will ultimately culminate in an acceptable level of adjustment to a life without their loved one. The Kübler-Ross model postulates that there are five stages of grief after the loss of a loved-one: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. And while it is recognized that mourners go through initial period of numbness leading to depression and finally to reorganization and recovery, most modern grief specialists recognize the variations and fluidity of grief experiences differ considerably in intensity and length among cultural groups, individually from person to person as well as depending on the amount of investment put into the relationship.",
"title": "Broken heart"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "13256757#7",
"text": "Joanne Jozefowski in 1999 through \"The Phoenix Phenomenon: Rising from the Ashes of Grief\" summarizes five stages to rebuild a shattered life.There is a distinction between grief counseling and grief therapy. Counseling involves helping people move through uncomplicated, or normal, grief to health and resolution. Grief therapy involves the use of clinical tools for traumatic or complicated grief reactions. This could occur where the grief reaction is prolonged or manifests itself through some bodily or behavioral symptom, or by a grief response outside the range of cultural or psychiatrically defined normality.",
"title": "Grief counseling"
},
{
"docid": "234798#11",
"text": "The four trajectories are as follows:The Kübler-Ross model, commonly known as the five stages of grief, is a theory first introduced by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book, \"On Death and Dying\". Based on the uncredited earlier work of John Bowlby and Colin Murray-Parkes, Kübler-Ross actually applied the stages to persons who were dying, not persons who were grieving. Her studies involved her work with the terminally ill. The popular but empirically unsupported model describes in five distinct stages how people deal with their impending death.",
"title": "Grief"
},
{
"docid": "234798#13",
"text": "The stages model, which came about in the 1960s, is a theory based on observation of people who are dying, not people who experienced the death of a loved one. This model found limited empirical support in a study by Maciejewski et al. That is that the sequence was correct although Acceptance was highest at all points throughout the persons experience. The research of George Bonanno, however, is acknowledged as debunking the five stages of grief because his large body of peer-reviewed studies show that the vast majority of people who have experienced a loss are resilient and that there are multiple trajectories following loss.",
"title": "Grief"
},
{
"docid": "3826501#5",
"text": "Although Nelson admitted the subject of many of the songs was “grief, grief, and more grief,” he also clarified, “The overall theme was not a reflection of my own life...I was simply making up a story. Sure, I’d gone through breakups and heartaches of my own. What human soul hasn’t? But \"Phases and Stages\" was a fictional account of the sorrow that comes with the ruins of romance.” Nelson revealed that “It’s Not Suppose to Be That Way” was written for his daughter Susie, \"a father talking to his daughter, saying to her what I was now saying to Susie. Instead of trying to give people advice, I am better at putting my feelings into a song.” “I Still Can’t Believe You’re Gone” was written about Paul English’s wife Carlene, who committed suicide, but, Nelson later suggested, “it has a lot of different meanings to a lot of different people who have no idea why I wrote it.” “Bloody Mary Morning” previously appeared on Nelson's 1970 LP \"Both Sides Now\" but “the sentiment fit the story” so he recut it at Muscle Shoals. Three songs - \"Pick Up the Tempo,\" \"Heaven and Hell,\" and \"It's Not Suppose to Be That Way\" - also appeared on Waylon Jennings' pivotal album \"This Time\", released in July 1974, which was not coincidentally co-produced by Nelson, a cross-promotion that built the Waylon and Willie brand.",
"title": "Phases and Stages"
},
{
"docid": "51840278#4",
"text": "Rasmussen's model of grief is known as the \"Life Reentry Model\", referring to the notion that grief is not only a function of coping with loss, but also of each individual's need to \"reenter\" life. The model echoes concepts previously described by George Bonanno, a clinical psychology professor at Columbia University (Teachers College), and a pioneering researcher in bereavement. For example, the model calls for the grieving individual to use action to recover, parallel to Bonanno's theory of psychological resilience. As well, the model opposes traditionally pervasive theories in the field, such as the stages of grief defined in the Kübler-Ross model, and Freud's description of \"grief work\".",
"title": "Second Firsts"
}
] | [
0.4043239951133728,
0.0055156284943223,
0.2015346884727478,
0.0613335520029068,
-0.0586480051279068,
0.2633327841758728,
0.3903537392616272,
-0.3005099892616272,
0.0666520893573761,
0.3277452290058136,
-0.36296334862709045,
0.1369866281747818,
0.0419074147939682,
0.2374131977558136,
-0.4749077558517456,
0.0399051234126091,
0.03499094769358635,
-0.037384033203125,
-0.11588965356349945,
0.1777072548866272,
-0.106109619140625,
0.2543606162071228,
-0.014684041030704975,
0.1471489816904068,
0.1366509348154068,
-0.3464897871017456,
-0.2517225444316864,
0.3272298276424408,
-0.0714891254901886,
0.3130832314491272,
-0.07125536352396011,
-0.1564127653837204,
-0.0707838237285614,
0.3819851279258728,
-0.8021918535232544,
0.362060546875,
0.08669281005859375,
0.0777587890625,
0.1063164621591568,
-0.2262166291475296,
-0.08566241711378098,
-0.0491824671626091,
-0.0882839635014534,
-0.0493520088493824,
0.5039333701133728,
0.1721903532743454,
0.1540798544883728,
0.4538303017616272,
0.1910400390625,
0.0486704520881176,
-0.2067599892616272,
-0.2852376401424408,
-0.3326551616191864,
0.0498674176633358,
-0.4179823100566864,
0.4018012285232544,
-0.06993675231933594,
0.2884521484375,
0.2900187075138092,
0.1532830148935318,
0.3413357138633728,
0.0291417445987463,
-0.4635416567325592,
0.03255462646484375,
0.07062806189060211,
0.1694064736366272,
0.07356177270412445,
0.3919270932674408,
0.228118896484375,
-0.1111314594745636,
0.03907860815525055,
0.1638827919960022,
0.3074272871017456,
-0.19854736328125,
-0.1539544016122818,
-0.4130588173866272,
-0.1023288294672966,
0.4046630859375,
0.3274739682674408,
-0.2817247211933136,
0.1202189102768898,
-0.1328311562538147,
-0.1869303435087204,
0.5083821415901184,
-0.09843317419290543,
0.3161892294883728,
0.2601860761642456,
0.2569715678691864,
-0.02156914584338665,
0.3853624165058136,
0.0161412563174963,
0.0741916224360466,
0.3632541298866272,
0.1653306782245636,
0.2080824077129364,
0.1495903879404068,
0.3262261152267456,
-0.6342231035232544,
0.316650390625,
-0.2972988486289978,
0.1461859792470932,
-0.3553059995174408,
-0.1508076936006546,
0.7593858242034912,
0.3271891176700592,
-0.5032009482383728,
-0.0985039621591568,
0.5736491084098816,
-0.1836191862821579,
0.1039666086435318,
-0.1378309428691864,
-0.16668701171875,
-0.45458984375,
0.3076714277267456,
0.2789171040058136,
0.3256700336933136,
-0.1735551655292511,
-0.0992702916264534,
-0.3471001386642456,
-0.8688151240348816,
0.6012912392616272,
0.3903537392616272,
-0.2368571013212204,
0.07612567394971848,
-0.2754313051700592,
0.051951512694358826,
0.6632487177848816,
0.0881415456533432,
0.6361219882965088,
0.4898139238357544,
0.01180182583630085,
0.3775227963924408,
0.1507568359375,
0.7463107705116272,
0.4596150815486908,
0.0749850794672966,
-0.0860392227768898,
-0.1897243857383728,
-0.1993374228477478,
-0.4603271484375,
-0.2934299111366272,
0.1609768271446228,
0.122344970703125,
0.7519802451133728,
0.1185201033949852,
0.2673611044883728,
-0.0218675397336483,
0.1515435129404068,
0.2060343474149704,
0.45703125,
-0.06271108239889145,
0.0538770891726017,
-0.4327256977558136,
0.6156141757965088,
0.2288953959941864,
0.06931856274604797,
0.4219835102558136,
-0.1924845427274704,
-0.150146484375,
0.02156745083630085,
0.8352321982383728,
0.4961479902267456,
-0.3714192807674408,
0.0003814697265625,
-0.2315097451210022,
-0.1016048863530159,
-0.3146430253982544,
0.4986436665058136,
0.4872775673866272,
-0.0787726491689682,
-0.1298726350069046,
0.2097439169883728,
0.6604275107383728,
-0.2114325612783432,
0.2121446430683136,
-0.13636334240436554,
0.0714450404047966,
0.1983100026845932,
0.7496473789215088,
-0.1654510498046875,
0.1924336701631546,
0.0932498499751091,
0.4401041567325592,
-0.4072740375995636,
0.6329209804534912,
0.3943549394607544,
0.27915531396865845,
0.3114420473575592,
-0.1781378835439682,
0.00807062815874815,
0.1350165456533432,
0.03416527807712555,
0.5653550624847412,
-0.06754880398511887,
0.1931491494178772,
-0.1339823454618454,
-0.2558051347732544,
0.6197916865348816,
-0.3345404863357544,
0.05784723535180092,
0.3000217080116272,
0.03251674398779869,
-0.2948676347732544,
0.12347412109375,
0.4264594316482544,
-0.3999837338924408,
0.2242431640625,
0.2167765349149704,
-0.2180413156747818,
-0.06145138293504715,
0.09073087573051453,
0.04085593670606613,
0.4076063334941864,
0.3109673261642456,
-0.1168721541762352,
0.1312696635723114,
-0.2756144106388092,
-0.1688910573720932,
0.5206705927848816,
-0.0044121211394667625,
-0.2044813334941864,
0.1822713166475296,
0.06292724609375,
-0.0802849680185318,
0.2700602114200592,
-0.252166748046875,
-0.1803385466337204,
-0.2946370542049408,
0.1209954172372818,
0.3638780415058136,
-0.0440216064453125,
0.3861762285232544,
-0.0925021693110466,
-0.5237358808517456,
0.5847439169883728,
0.3296305239200592,
-0.0581071637570858,
0.06051890179514885,
-0.03790198266506195,
0.1316189169883728,
0.2269151508808136,
0.172210693359375,
-0.1974962055683136,
-0.4217936098575592,
0.3832465410232544,
-0.1149834543466568,
0.25284066796302795,
-0.3695610761642456,
-0.1338568776845932,
0.0448659248650074,
0.1323784738779068,
-0.2328457236289978,
0.1628926545381546,
0.3044840395450592,
0.1640421599149704,
0.1475355327129364,
0.2904866635799408,
-0.2111070454120636,
0.1626078337430954,
0.1150783970952034,
0.5780165195465088,
0.018436431884765625,
0.42578125,
0.3520372211933136,
-0.17193253338336945,
-0.1632080078125,
0.2489352822303772,
0.3647867739200592,
-0.1687995046377182,
0.17014482617378235,
0.494384765625,
-0.07902950793504715,
-0.026881111785769463,
0.0633138045668602,
-0.22314453125,
0.3875325620174408,
0.0929480642080307,
0.051650259643793106,
-0.0770416259765625,
0.4609307050704956,
0.3587104082107544,
0.023605559021234512,
-0.3764106035232544,
-0.06110615283250809,
0.1621297150850296,
0.6089138388633728,
-0.1345638632774353,
0.1810302734375,
-0.0786404088139534,
-0.1160888671875,
0.4041069746017456,
0.5082465410232544,
0.027801513671875,
-0.7152777910232544,
-0.11288367211818695,
-0.0033675299491733313,
0.4066568911075592,
0.07557741552591324,
0.2386474609375,
0.1038818359375,
0.5097385048866272,
-0.3949924111366272,
0.0799492746591568,
-0.0884619802236557,
-0.2211846262216568,
-0.20288975536823273,
-0.4450412392616272,
0.18007829785346985,
-0.0329810231924057,
0.5804850459098816,
0.48388671875,
0.1055569127202034,
-0.02854071743786335,
-0.073883056640625,
0.3426920473575592,
0.1531745046377182,
0.7666015625,
0.11317528784275055,
0.5185546875,
-0.22247314453125,
0.0485873743891716,
-0.0759531632065773,
-0.5706108808517456,
-0.1513332724571228,
0.2514241635799408,
-0.0963711217045784,
0.1334160715341568,
-0.3359375,
0.6930881142616272,
-0.2440728098154068,
0.4403890073299408,
-0.010854084976017475,
-0.2120632529258728,
-0.2942436933517456,
0.2462700754404068,
0.2362603098154068,
0.0718807652592659,
0.5990668535232544,
-0.5272623896598816,
0.3638237714767456,
0.3603786826133728,
-0.1405368447303772,
0.082489013671875,
0.2543402910232544,
0.1704033762216568,
0.3343641459941864,
-0.3112725019454956,
0.1464063823223114,
0.5052083134651184,
-0.07043711096048355,
0.0878058522939682,
-0.054290346801280975,
0.01204596646130085,
-0.0774434432387352,
-0.2690022885799408,
0.10395050048828125,
0.4842664897441864,
0.4767116904258728,
0.4826388955116272,
-0.1705576628446579,
-0.008511860854923725,
0.2148708701133728,
-0.0042860242538154125,
-0.045085906982421875,
0.3344590961933136,
-0.059836916625499725,
-0.0952962264418602,
0.2993842363357544,
0.2609049379825592,
0.1263376921415329,
0.1705830842256546,
-0.07125642895698547,
0.3433702290058136,
0.1081068217754364,
-0.0913865864276886,
-0.0828823521733284,
0.0969441756606102,
0.1324598491191864,
0.4988335371017456,
0.022955259308218956,
0.29815673828125,
0.5967881679534912,
0.4640842080116272,
-0.2557915449142456,
-0.2947591245174408,
-0.1016642227768898,
-0.1900227814912796,
0.1267378032207489,
0.0425398088991642,
-0.1918877512216568,
-0.0895182266831398,
-0.2649061381816864,
-0.0070177712477743626,
-0.09266790002584457,
-0.3781195878982544,
-0.1162312850356102,
-0.0761498361825943,
0.0257229283452034,
0.1794297993183136,
-0.2298177033662796,
0.0711720809340477,
0.2275797575712204,
0.4322374165058136,
0.3150770366191864,
4.248263835906982,
0.0803460031747818,
0.515869140625,
0.0723775252699852,
-0.0922715961933136,
0.1775851845741272,
-0.2425808310508728,
-0.1995205283164978,
0.03202645108103752,
-0.2412516325712204,
-0.3604600727558136,
0.0280787143856287,
-0.1843600869178772,
0.5699598789215088,
-0.013481776230037212,
0.0861256942152977,
0.5935329794883728,
0.2274441123008728,
0.2445610910654068,
0.0477549247443676,
-0.2907308042049408,
-0.0748647078871727,
0.2962782084941864,
0.2549540102481842,
0.0911220982670784,
-0.1387193500995636,
0.2772487998008728,
0.1502549946308136,
0.3031141459941864,
-0.05910322442650795,
0.3869764506816864,
-0.1726481169462204,
0.2786526083946228,
0.03104792721569538,
-0.5109049677848816,
0.4952799379825592,
0.6713324785232544,
0.2215711772441864,
0.1204664409160614,
0.07723575085401535,
-0.11182805895805359,
0.0235917828977108,
0.5160048007965088,
0.6220160722732544,
-0.031358081847429276,
-0.2096625417470932,
0.5024956464767456,
0.5386013388633728,
0.155670166015625,
0.2457139790058136,
0.2915445864200592,
0.2694905698299408,
0.1310017853975296,
-0.3209635317325592,
0.1114841029047966,
0.4114719033241272,
0.1256849467754364,
0.2549557089805603,
0.0403628870844841,
0.0822075754404068,
0.4841579794883728,
0.02999369241297245,
0.3643730878829956,
0.007321251556277275,
-0.4166124165058136,
0.3680013120174408,
0.1836259663105011,
0.4942491352558136,
-0.1243998184800148,
-0.0767754465341568,
0.6193034052848816,
0.3441297709941864,
0.1357489675283432,
-0.4867350161075592,
-0.1859876811504364,
0.2659369707107544,
-0.3401150107383728,
0.2091539204120636,
0.1427341103553772,
0.1215786412358284,
-0.0740763321518898,
-0.1142645925283432,
0.3656277060508728,
0.2913004457950592,
0.009791056625545025,
0.4151611328125,
-0.02670712023973465,
-0.0666181743144989,
0.1285196989774704,
-0.28271484375,
0.06865014135837555,
0.1225416362285614,
0.1445448100566864,
0.0700717493891716,
0.1813490092754364,
0.1344943642616272,
0.1405775249004364,
-3.946397542953491,
0.2121175080537796,
0.6337348222732544,
-0.18971951305866241,
-0.1162787526845932,
0.3282877504825592,
0.3635525107383728,
0.57666015625,
0.3019341230392456,
-0.2007378488779068,
-0.105010986328125,
-0.1734415739774704,
-0.250732421875,
0.15162065625190735,
0.2245686799287796,
0.1264614462852478,
0.3396267294883728,
0.09702809900045395,
0.3854302167892456,
-0.1899278461933136,
-0.1148342564702034,
0.096038818359375,
0.4961751401424408,
-0.0888841450214386,
0.1404927521944046,
0.0042588976211845875,
0.2260199636220932,
-0.4153374433517456,
0.3819444477558136,
0.0011766222305595875,
0.017993927001953125,
0.0192743930965662,
0.4622667133808136,
-0.5100911259651184,
-0.0956370010972023,
0.3927408754825592,
0.0195448137819767,
-0.2026604562997818,
0.3624945878982544,
0.3042670488357544,
0.3537190854549408,
-0.06732092797756195,
0.3355034589767456,
0.2152370810508728,
-0.0427432581782341,
0.0119027029722929,
-0.3394368588924408,
0.4153374433517456,
0.0560675710439682,
0.3729248046875,
0.2660963237285614,
0.263671875,
-0.4045681357383728,
0.3285047709941864,
0.4130859375,
0.057792238891124725,
0.055552586913108826,
0.0201839879155159,
0.1326700896024704,
-0.202362060546875,
0.2983601987361908,
0.0738898366689682,
0.1946682333946228,
-0.1544765830039978,
0.401123046875,
0.09568855166435242,
0.086578369140625,
-0.0863308385014534,
0.0756208598613739,
-0.18974559009075165,
0.02594502829015255,
0.0589633509516716,
0.1900770366191864,
0.0553012415766716,
0.007738007232546806,
0.1500922292470932,
-0.0729641392827034,
-0.1209309920668602,
0.5380316972732544,
0.1730821430683136,
-0.0583903007209301,
-0.1955973356962204,
-0.4376899003982544,
-0.0723876953125,
2.520616292953491,
-0.1254102885723114,
2.346571207046509,
0.2850341796875,
-0.0354987233877182,
0.6617295742034912,
-0.4123399555683136,
0.2943522036075592,
0.0308702252805233,
0.4814181923866272,
-0.03741031140089035,
-0.4575466513633728,
-0.091705322265625,
0.0785759836435318,
0.1514689177274704,
-0.1476576030254364,
0.32666015625,
-0.74658203125,
0.1873914897441864,
-0.07073720544576645,
0.5780707597732544,
-0.2467244416475296,
-0.1905585378408432,
0.1325141042470932,
0.46630859375,
-0.01523505337536335,
-0.1988118439912796,
-0.1900770366191864,
0.03873952105641365,
-0.3446994423866272,
0.1850178986787796,
0.3658854067325592,
0.5739474892616272,
-0.2170952707529068,
-0.2839491069316864,
-0.3292982280254364,
-0.0613759346306324,
4.720052242279053,
0.06694963574409485,
-0.2083502858877182,
-0.2302110493183136,
0.1476508229970932,
-0.0976901575922966,
0.3859592080116272,
0.1204020157456398,
-0.008670992217957973,
-0.033294677734375,
0.1886884868144989,
-0.1195814311504364,
0.5242512822151184,
-0.3158365786075592,
0.32861328125,
0.045058779418468475,
-0.3041178286075592,
0.06833818554878235,
0.5706380009651184,
0.1052212193608284,
0.3799642026424408,
0.5304362177848816,
0.028686020523309708,
-0.1574028879404068,
0.0009757147636264563,
0.2867974042892456,
0.2487114816904068,
-0.1391025185585022,
0.0020540026016533375,
0.1346503347158432,
0.4204915463924408,
5.418402671813965,
-0.011081748642027378,
0.12322998046875,
-0.010264079086482525,
-0.07170210778713226,
0.1358795166015625,
-0.2245551198720932,
-0.05921342596411705,
-0.2474365234375,
0.0271335169672966,
0.057938892394304276,
-0.5146484375,
-0.0693410262465477,
0.08624267578125,
-0.4744466245174408,
-0.2439236044883728,
-0.2977294921875,
0.06964111328125,
-0.08514404296875,
-0.0343221016228199,
0.33056640625,
0.1656373292207718,
0.2883571982383728,
-0.3510403037071228,
-0.6123318076133728,
0.012654622085392475,
0.06681738793849945,
-0.2383219450712204,
-0.19448640942573547,
-0.2229953408241272,
0.11917919665575027,
0.4542643129825592,
-0.3310818076133728,
0.4991319477558136,
0.09694671630859375,
0.4589572548866272,
0.2253553569316864,
0.2260470986366272,
0.1912028044462204,
-0.2954508364200592,
0.2428521066904068,
0.4876708984375,
-0.3628743588924408,
0.1400621235370636,
-0.1128031387925148,
0.02697075717151165,
-0.1801079660654068,
-0.130706787109375,
-0.2253824919462204,
-0.0815599262714386,
0.5153266191482544,
0.3201225996017456,
1.0007052421569824,
-0.2237481027841568,
-0.2087673544883728,
0.1833089143037796,
-0.3755967915058136,
-0.037337832152843475,
-0.5451388955116272,
-0.2108086496591568,
0.3932698667049408,
0.0275845006108284,
-0.2411838173866272,
-0.0252202358096838,
0.06629069894552231,
0.5459526777267456,
0.4200575053691864,
-0.0711161270737648,
0.4957953691482544,
-0.4168565571308136,
-0.1641167551279068,
0.2936062216758728,
0.0766042098402977,
-0.0644819438457489,
-0.0478922538459301,
0.29534912109375,
0.1703626811504364,
0.09936009347438812,
-0.2121242880821228,
0.2320421040058136,
-0.0506930872797966,
-0.2846272885799408,
-0.2683647871017456,
0.1362169086933136,
-0.3186441957950592,
0.28167724609375,
-0.2081485390663147,
-0.1153598353266716,
0.5523003339767456,
-0.1148342564702034,
0.4093153178691864,
-0.0351969413459301,
0.0372755266726017,
0.3668416440486908,
0.0455949567258358,
0.1646864116191864,
0.6121962070465088,
0.7365451455116272,
0.03181711956858635,
0.3160671591758728,
0.006991916336119175,
0.2723388671875,
0.2247721403837204,
-0.2931722104549408,
0.246337890625,
0.0666724294424057,
0.23345947265625,
-0.1542375385761261,
0.2854478657245636,
0.0470818430185318,
0.5120171308517456,
0.4861653745174408,
0.0921919047832489,
0.1998833566904068,
0.1925252228975296
] |
121 | When was the Mansfield Town Football Club first founded? | [
{
"docid": "50818256#0",
"text": "Mansfield Town Football Club is an English association football club based in the Nottinghamshire town of Mansfield. Founded in 1897 as Mansfield Wesleyans, the team first entered the Mansfield & District Amateur League in 1902. Four years later, the club turned professional, tweaked its name to Mansfield Wesley, and joined the Notts & District League. The team made their debut in the FA Cup in 1909–10, and joined the Central Alliance in 1911, by which time the club had adopted its current name of Mansfield Town. In the first post-First World War season, they moved to the Field Mill ground and won the Central Alliance title, and in 1921, they were accepted into the Midland League. Three years later, they won the Midland League title, repeated the feat the following year, and were runners-up the next. Applications for election to the Football League were unsuccessful, but in the hope of a better class of football, they had one season in the Midland Combination, primarily a reserve league for Football League clubs, before returning to the Midland League. In 1928–29, Mansfield won the Midland League title by a nine-point margin and beat two Football League clubs on the way to their first appearance in the fourth round of the FA Cup, in which they lost 2–0 to Arsenal at Highbury.",
"title": "List of Mansfield Town F.C. seasons"
},
{
"docid": "32479897#2",
"text": "Mansfield Town was founded in 1897 under the name of Mansfield Wesleyans. Like many football clubs, their name derives from a local church, in this case the Wesleyan church on Bridge Street. Playing in Chocolate and Sky Blue shirts, with Royal Blue shorts and socks, the club played in friendly matches and local cup ties. Its first game was on 4 September 1897, drawing 2–2 against Sherwood Foresters. Mansfield first joined a league in the 1902–03 season, competing in the Mansfield and District Amateur League. 6 September 1902 saw the Wesleyans lose their first league fixture 1-0 away at Mansfield Corinthians. A week later, Shirebrook Swifts put 13 past the Mansfield goalkeeper without reply, the worst defeat ever suffered by the club in a competitive match. The team ended its first season in 7th place (of 12).",
"title": "History of Mansfield Town F.C."
},
{
"docid": "451164#0",
"text": "Mansfield Town Football Club is a professional football club based in the town of Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England. The club was formed in 1897 as Mansfield Wesleyans, changing its name to Mansfield Wesley in 1906 before settling on Mansfield Town in 1910, and are nicknamed “The Stags”. They traditionally play in a royal blue and amber kit.\nThe club currently competes in League Two, the fourth tier of English football. Mansfield have lifted four professional trophies, winning the Fourth Division title in 1974–75, the Third Division in 1976–77, the Football League Trophy in 1986–87 and the Football Conference title in 2012–13. The Stags also finished as runners-up in the 2010–11 FA Trophy.",
"title": "Mansfield Town F.C."
},
{
"docid": "24192781#0",
"text": "Mansfield Town Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire. As of the 2016–17 season, they play in League Two, the fourth tier level of the English football league system. The club was formed in 1897 as Mansfield Wesleyans. In 1906, the club turned professional, after which the Methodist church disowned the club and forbade them to use the name \"Wesleyans\". The club reacted by changing its name to Mansfield Wesley, before adopting the current name Mansfield Town in 1910.",
"title": "List of Mansfield Town F.C. players"
},
{
"docid": "451164#2",
"text": "Mansfield Town was formed under the name of Mansfield Wesleyans in 1897, the name of the club coming from the local Wesleyan church. The club played friendlies up until the 1902–03 season, when it joined the Mansfield and District Amateur League. When the league dropped its amateur tag in 1906, the church abandoned the club, which changed its name to Mansfield Wesley and moved into the Notts and District League.",
"title": "Mansfield Town F.C."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "24192781#1",
"text": "The club began its existence playing in the Mansfield and District Amateur League. In 1911, Mansfield became a founding member of a new league, the Central Alliance. In 1919, the club moved to Field Mill, which remains their ground to this date, and in 1921, the club joined the Midland League. In 1924, the club applied to join the Football League, but was turned down. The club unsuccessfully applied several times to join the northern section of Football League's Third Division. However, in 1931, the club changed tactics and applied for membership in the southern section, and was finally elected to the league. The following season, Mansfield was transferred to the northern section to replace Wigan Borough who had folded during the previous season. The club remained in the bottom two divisions of the league with the exception of a single season at the second tier in 1977–78. The club also won the Football League Trophy in 1987, and defeated West Ham United to reach the quarter-finals of the FA Cup in 1968–69. In 2007–08, Mansfield Town was relegated to the Football Conference. They won promotion back to the Football League in 2012–13.",
"title": "List of Mansfield Town F.C. players"
},
{
"docid": "32479897#1",
"text": "The Stags were by no means the first Football Club in Mansfield. In fact, a team named \"Mansfield Town\" played in the Midland Counties League as early as the 1892–93 season. \"Mansfield Greenhalgh\", a team for employees of the Greenhalgh & Sons Works, also competed in this league at the end of the 19th century, playing their home games at Field Mill. These two clubs merged in 1894 to form \"Mansfield FC\", although after 6 seasons of mediocre performance, the club disbanded around the turn of the century.",
"title": "History of Mansfield Town F.C."
},
{
"docid": "32479897#14",
"text": "In the 1923–24 season, Mansfield appointed Jack Baynes as their first manager and raced to their first Midland League title, leading the club to apply for Football League status. Barrow and Hartlepool were re-elected, with Town not receiving a single vote. The following season, with fewer clubs, Mansfield won the competition and finished runners-up in the secondary competition, although again failed to get elected to the League. In 1925–26, the club finished second in the Midland League, despite scoring 120 goals. Mansfield again applied to join the Football League, but were instead only admitted to the Midland Combination. In the summer of 1926, Baynes contract as manager expired, and he was replaced by international footballer Teddy Davidson, as player-manager.",
"title": "History of Mansfield Town F.C."
},
{
"docid": "50818256#1",
"text": "Geographically, Mansfield lay on the border between the catchment areas of the Northern and Southern sections of the regionalised Third Division of the League. They had previously applied for election to the Northern Section; for the 1931–32 season, they applied to the Southern Section, and were admitted. After one season, in which they struggled, the team was reallocated to the Northern Section, before returning to the Southern in 1937. Competitive football was suspended for the duration of the Second World War. Mansfield finished 22nd and bottom in the first post-war season, and thus had to apply for re-election to the League. The management committee decided that in light of the difficult circumstances facing all clubs in resuming competitive professional football after the war, all clubs facing re-election should be accepted unopposed. Mansfield were transferred to the Northern Section for 1947–48. Three seasons later, they finished runners-upat that time, only the champions were promotedand reached the fifth round (last 16) of the FA Cup for the first time, losing to First Division team and eventual cup finalists Blackpool. Against a background of financial and governance problems that brought the club close to bankruptcy, Mansfield remained in the Northern Section until the regional sections were amalgamated into national Third and Fourth Divisions in 1958, when they were placed in the Third Division.",
"title": "List of Mansfield Town F.C. seasons"
},
{
"docid": "51118617#0",
"text": "During the 1999–2000 English football season, Mansfield Town Football Club competed in the Football League Third Division where they finished in 17th position with 56 points.",
"title": "1999–2000 Mansfield Town F.C. season"
}
] | [
0.2333170622587204,
-0.14966709911823273,
-0.4650115966796875,
0.33477783203125,
0.2684732973575592,
0.13399092853069305,
0.10948562622070312,
-0.26211801171302795,
0.2605438232421875,
0.3849690854549408,
-0.18527603149414062,
-0.044188182801008224,
-0.7020670771598816,
-0.22353871166706085,
-0.2889913022518158,
0.0025257666129618883,
0.7383626103401184,
-0.0885264053940773,
0.01933065988123417,
-0.09561570733785629,
0.4273478090763092,
0.4858601987361908,
-0.18908436596393585,
0.206817626953125,
-0.047443389892578125,
-0.12286376953125,
-0.4507039487361908,
0.39178466796875,
0.3210856020450592,
0.0621439628303051,
0.4396158754825592,
0.011250813491642475,
0.10268402099609375,
0.5441691279411316,
-0.84326171875,
0.1218516007065773,
0.1330973356962204,
-0.4671224057674408,
-0.28124237060546875,
0.4419962465763092,
0.28832244873046875,
-0.015433629043400288,
0.7025146484375,
0.2199808806180954,
0.7152913212776184,
-0.10561370849609375,
0.3688761293888092,
0.1978098601102829,
-0.30737051367759705,
0.3837076723575592,
-0.1614430695772171,
-0.2979024350643158,
-0.11795171350240707,
-0.13898341357707977,
-0.6088663935661316,
0.470703125,
-0.0007177988882176578,
0.32952880859375,
0.3194427490234375,
0.22646968066692352,
0.2021433562040329,
0.0730489119887352,
-0.1851552277803421,
0.3060862123966217,
-0.17351023852825165,
0.0282770786434412,
0.1433308869600296,
0.3185831606388092,
0.5074462890625,
0.1352284699678421,
-0.021324792876839638,
0.4014485776424408,
0.5331217646598816,
-0.0703837051987648,
-0.06482633203268051,
-0.2857004702091217,
0.16024987399578094,
0.3755086362361908,
0.211944580078125,
-0.27862548828125,
0.9192708134651184,
-0.6275227665901184,
-0.0024026234168559313,
0.1807149201631546,
-0.17967987060546875,
0.6289876103401184,
-0.010041872970759869,
0.019095102325081825,
0.3673095703125,
0.3801371157169342,
-0.2706705629825592,
-0.08495966345071793,
0.036602336913347244,
0.08503421396017075,
0.2125779390335083,
0.4046529233455658,
-0.04023512080311775,
-0.015951475128531456,
0.304931640625,
-0.1785430908203125,
-0.14721806347370148,
-0.1587626188993454,
-0.1760743409395218,
0.4052327573299408,
0.15983326733112335,
-0.3593546450138092,
-0.2018146514892578,
0.024148305878043175,
0.33135986328125,
0.2855580747127533,
0.4098714292049408,
-0.2237955778837204,
0.08480516821146011,
-0.2522939145565033,
0.2765096127986908,
0.40625,
0.42512163519859314,
-0.1938018798828125,
-0.32501220703125,
-0.6308186650276184,
0.4212239682674408,
0.2616170346736908,
-0.1480967253446579,
-0.3002433776855469,
-0.3326517641544342,
-0.2710825502872467,
0.4534098207950592,
0.1982981413602829,
0.5120442509651184,
0.8364664912223816,
-0.2219441682100296,
0.2408549040555954,
0.1461079865694046,
0.7604166865348816,
0.19925689697265625,
0.0868164673447609,
-0.04493522644042969,
0.11089960485696793,
-0.14637883007526398,
-0.032629650086164474,
-0.35242781043052673,
-0.2275492399930954,
-0.1791044920682907,
0.8126423954963684,
-0.1252257078886032,
0.3661092221736908,
0.27276611328125,
0.031080404296517372,
0.2118479460477829,
-0.09022776037454605,
0.5836995244026184,
-0.01563262939453125,
-0.23015594482421875,
0.3728230893611908,
0.09469858556985855,
0.19581477344036102,
0.255035400390625,
0.4378763735294342,
0.20026397705078125,
-0.02221170999109745,
0.8046061396598816,
0.2769012451171875,
0.6570637822151184,
-0.09769058227539062,
0.3350728452205658,
0.1582285612821579,
-0.1173950806260109,
0.338470458984375,
0.4878946840763092,
0.07157643884420395,
-0.4674072265625,
0.08131154626607895,
0.3203226625919342,
-0.3553670346736908,
0.0511983223259449,
-0.007853507995605469,
-0.277313232421875,
-0.23779296875,
0.17573165893554688,
0.0567067451775074,
-0.059902191162109375,
0.3715311586856842,
0.1569366455078125,
0.3462320864200592,
0.51922607421875,
-0.08940776437520981,
-0.22485096752643585,
-0.4069112241268158,
-0.05276457592844963,
0.16391246020793915,
0.09325917810201645,
-0.1932322233915329,
0.5962117314338684,
0.23456120491027832,
0.1697031706571579,
0.2645670473575592,
0.5086262822151184,
0.4217122495174408,
0.11922828108072281,
0.70166015625,
0.05493736267089844,
0.18133290112018585,
-0.034389812499284744,
0.1395314484834671,
0.1532694548368454,
-0.41180419921875,
-0.3551228940486908,
0.1134033203125,
-0.1638336181640625,
-0.1397501677274704,
-0.1155497208237648,
0.22869873046875,
0.2607065737247467,
0.03203264996409416,
0.0812106505036354,
0.19992034137248993,
-0.08287429809570312,
-0.11328601837158203,
0.4374033510684967,
0.4242757260799408,
-0.3057657778263092,
0.5091959834098816,
-0.22404225170612335,
-0.1875101774930954,
0.331512451171875,
-0.326690673828125,
-0.06835810095071793,
-0.400299072265625,
0.1198221817612648,
0.2844136655330658,
0.3968912661075592,
-0.1174519881606102,
0.0768483504652977,
0.11233171075582504,
0.12261199951171875,
-0.0103391008451581,
0.3794962465763092,
-0.12679608166217804,
0.14007823169231415,
-0.030000418424606323,
0.174774169921875,
-0.4348348081111908,
-0.5602009892463684,
0.2922964096069336,
0.1495412141084671,
-0.14997608959674835,
0.08065732568502426,
-0.05496470257639885,
-0.304931640625,
-0.5478108525276184,
0.1760050505399704,
-0.05869893357157707,
-0.1097310408949852,
0.2971598207950592,
-0.09854348748922348,
0.2689920961856842,
0.2818501889705658,
-0.056087493896484375,
-0.09794870764017105,
0.1175893172621727,
0.02667999267578125,
0.4201151430606842,
0.3079630434513092,
0.5503132939338684,
0.14754486083984375,
-0.2811126708984375,
0.10726801306009293,
0.2987416684627533,
-0.14178593456745148,
0.07612482458353043,
0.3929850161075592,
-0.6363118290901184,
-0.018922170624136925,
-0.22142791748046875,
-0.2035115510225296,
0.10006141662597656,
0.04298226162791252,
0.15110786259174347,
-0.4534708559513092,
0.160552978515625,
0.2567342221736908,
-0.2438507080078125,
-0.01948126219213009,
0.4190349578857422,
0.0285313930362463,
0.20890045166015625,
-0.20400746166706085,
-0.24737548828125,
-0.13481394946575165,
0.10912767797708511,
0.07222803682088852,
0.4738973081111908,
0.12160873413085938,
0.0012601217022165656,
0.04472096636891365,
0.09109878540039062,
0.15060043334960938,
-0.12552325427532196,
-0.3698934018611908,
-0.422943115234375,
0.6536051630973816,
-0.6482340693473816,
-0.05782318115234375,
0.05695784091949463,
-0.12566061317920685,
-0.2546793520450592,
-0.322662353515625,
0.294586181640625,
0.039669036865234375,
0.4365641176700592,
0.412841796875,
-0.7691650390625,
-0.1456502228975296,
0.82080078125,
0.4700724184513092,
0.5604960322380066,
-0.07100319117307663,
0.19227664172649384,
-0.0768788680434227,
0.26402029395103455,
-0.14910633862018585,
-0.23590087890625,
-0.3896280825138092,
0.02876567840576172,
0.253662109375,
-0.33553823828697205,
0.12538909912109375,
-0.16692225635051727,
0.4027608335018158,
0.4105224609375,
0.15081660449504852,
0.2755635678768158,
0.0974171981215477,
-0.294403076171875,
-0.1520182341337204,
0.23760986328125,
-0.18715159595012665,
0.2260793000459671,
0.2533467710018158,
0.26660919189453125,
-0.026708921417593956,
0.025295257568359375,
-0.03103415109217167,
0.2979329526424408,
-0.10722795873880386,
-0.09059842675924301,
-0.16677920520305634,
0.4572957456111908,
0.3670654296875,
0.09632841497659683,
-0.13470077514648438,
0.16143798828125,
-0.24657440185546875,
-0.009208043105900288,
0.10192998498678207,
0.1860249787569046,
0.4384867250919342,
0.2494913786649704,
0.3328145444393158,
-0.3094685971736908,
0.1732635498046875,
0.3433837890625,
0.04872449114918709,
0.03397433087229729,
0.1629384309053421,
0.11494191735982895,
-0.3972574770450592,
-0.07976023107767105,
-0.2912496030330658,
0.10785722732543945,
-0.0010808309307321906,
0.07260767370462418,
0.010848362930119038,
0.2775472104549408,
-0.051082611083984375,
-0.1598154753446579,
-0.2913360595703125,
0.50445556640625,
0.4000447690486908,
0.4952189028263092,
0.04249827191233635,
0.3444010317325592,
0.3810831606388092,
-0.1845906525850296,
0.07106781005859375,
-0.2973734438419342,
-0.1804943084716797,
0.4175211489200592,
0.16204707324504852,
0.05776786804199219,
0.3258247375488281,
-0.3700459897518158,
-0.379119873046875,
-0.1406046599149704,
-0.1416524201631546,
-0.027438482269644737,
0.07657114416360855,
0.513214111328125,
0.10037008672952652,
0.0032329559326171875,
-0.1748250275850296,
0.17535400390625,
0.7437337040901184,
0.4306640625,
4.0771484375,
0.2179056853055954,
0.2069091796875,
-0.18946202099323273,
-0.011030356399714947,
0.3250020444393158,
0.46636962890625,
-0.4729410707950592,
-0.2452901154756546,
-0.024351119995117188,
-0.11279348284006119,
0.05694548413157463,
-0.2358551025390625,
0.16465122997760773,
0.06878582388162613,
0.43939208984375,
0.6559651494026184,
0.2742818295955658,
0.04804547503590584,
0.36199951171875,
-0.2874247133731842,
0.23543040454387665,
0.0546162910759449,
0.1847584992647171,
0.5354411005973816,
-0.42578125,
0.38668569922447205,
0.0593617744743824,
0.7436116337776184,
0.04070472717285156,
-0.08215586096048355,
-0.4293212890625,
-0.006630261894315481,
0.2077534943819046,
-0.6322021484375,
0.4131062924861908,
0.3778482973575592,
0.1689004898071289,
0.07551511377096176,
-0.3219197690486908,
0.11656443029642105,
-0.3605550229549408,
0.9390055537223816,
0.4723103940486908,
0.02382691763341427,
-0.3841756284236908,
-0.5882365107536316,
0.24163818359375,
-0.154052734375,
0.32809925079345703,
0.6542155146598816,
0.012988726608455181,
-0.0008079707622528076,
-0.11898549646139145,
0.44952392578125,
0.4879557192325592,
0.3363545835018158,
0.09250131994485855,
-0.0669708251953125,
0.1140085831284523,
0.6953938603401184,
0.018854141235351562,
-0.09454091638326645,
-0.005776087287813425,
-0.106781005859375,
-0.13532765209674835,
0.1863199919462204,
0.18085892498493195,
-0.20781581103801727,
-0.0014521280536428094,
1.0435384511947632,
0.2904561460018158,
0.3331502377986908,
-0.2889505922794342,
-0.20252735912799835,
-0.3199869692325592,
-0.07909616082906723,
-0.251861572265625,
0.18922679126262665,
0.420166015625,
-0.0284271240234375,
-0.418701171875,
0.2032063752412796,
0.4172566831111908,
0.06684287637472153,
0.6360270380973816,
0.028791585937142372,
-0.4662272036075592,
0.2601572573184967,
-0.0825967788696289,
0.06534067541360855,
0.11076609045267105,
0.00307687115855515,
0.15938632190227509,
0.7213541865348816,
0.1846771240234375,
-0.14788055419921875,
-4.027181148529053,
0.2199808806180954,
0.352630615234375,
0.0036551158409565687,
0.1343282014131546,
-0.014447689056396484,
-0.4004923403263092,
0.17086155712604523,
-0.3901163637638092,
0.3631184995174408,
-0.6789957880973816,
-0.11196263879537582,
-0.2380472868680954,
0.2716350555419922,
-0.05535157397389412,
0.1270751953125,
0.13650386035442352,
0.0893452987074852,
0.4342854917049408,
-0.1924641877412796,
-0.1016947403550148,
-0.10573959350585938,
0.13609440624713898,
0.1371936798095703,
0.0041440329514443874,
-0.0321197509765625,
0.335052490234375,
-0.1798960417509079,
-0.2850087583065033,
-0.05260555073618889,
-0.08050251007080078,
0.1817982941865921,
0.5323283076286316,
-0.4403890073299408,
0.4476725161075592,
0.4907735288143158,
0.2456003874540329,
0.011050541885197163,
0.4484049379825592,
0.16316287219524384,
-0.2827250063419342,
0.05324999615550041,
0.3836466372013092,
0.306304931640625,
-0.16192626953125,
0.3264261782169342,
-0.3554280698299408,
0.2674560546875,
-0.3884480893611908,
0.32889556884765625,
0.4749349057674408,
0.3604837954044342,
-0.3569132387638092,
0.058841388672590256,
0.3483479917049408,
0.045752208679914474,
0.3778279721736908,
0.30710601806640625,
0.4202880859375,
0.14748255908489227,
0.07625579833984375,
0.0045077004469931126,
0.1896514892578125,
0.05506777763366699,
-0.0023835499305278063,
-0.07757568359375,
0.18467330932617188,
0.3392283022403717,
0.08962631225585938,
-0.3114420473575592,
-0.03470945358276367,
0.1248423233628273,
-0.003849029541015625,
-0.1051640510559082,
0.3263448178768158,
-0.1265157014131546,
0.1414552479982376,
-0.09453877061605453,
0.5508015751838684,
-0.0619913749396801,
-0.17923609912395477,
0.1857706755399704,
-0.23382568359375,
0.3547464907169342,
2.2052409648895264,
0.08459440618753433,
2.0944011211395264,
0.249542236328125,
0.30431365966796875,
0.6165771484375,
-0.3948211669921875,
-0.2293853759765625,
0.3060709536075592,
-0.07372411340475082,
0.039574939757585526,
0.418914794921875,
0.13431937992572784,
0.4566853940486908,
-0.27392578125,
-0.027088483795523643,
0.3565775454044342,
-1.1136678457260132,
0.00750732421875,
-0.1884867399930954,
0.2770436704158783,
-0.2800051271915436,
-0.2017567902803421,
0.6726887822151184,
-0.21259944140911102,
0.017507553100585938,
-0.48193359375,
-0.03962596133351326,
-0.1722056120634079,
-0.3936767578125,
-0.12428983300924301,
-0.06392248719930649,
0.2773641049861908,
-0.08217111974954605,
0.4369303286075592,
0.5063883662223816,
-0.10384654998779297,
4.691731929779053,
0.2199351042509079,
0.3050943911075592,
-0.0050760903395712376,
0.1512044221162796,
0.3092142641544342,
0.4119059145450592,
0.11162439733743668,
-0.09721501916646957,
0.18950144946575165,
0.345306396484375,
0.5988667607307434,
-0.2350718230009079,
0.012697219848632812,
0.3286234438419342,
-0.14961402118206024,
-0.009720325469970703,
0.050502777099609375,
0.2068379670381546,
0.255950927734375,
-0.06854057312011719,
0.04054737091064453,
0.048458099365234375,
0.029561996459960938,
0.0076611838303506374,
0.0019957225304096937,
0.16851043701171875,
-0.10565503686666489,
-0.09536799043416977,
0.05120595172047615,
0.2429351806640625,
5.4267578125,
0.2439168244600296,
-0.137847900390625,
0.0183842983096838,
0.0989990234375,
0.2973785400390625,
-0.05560271069407463,
0.08119583129882812,
-0.4235636293888092,
-0.11608346551656723,
-0.2616678774356842,
-0.0079561872407794,
-0.0060857138596475124,
0.38317617774009705,
0.2943216860294342,
0.3200480043888092,
-0.3485209047794342,
0.049157459288835526,
0.5648396611213684,
-0.18366241455078125,
0.6663818359375,
-0.0930633544921875,
0.5034382939338684,
-0.6631672978401184,
-0.422607421875,
0.2148488312959671,
-0.14232362806797028,
0.1941121369600296,
0.12069479376077652,
-0.0763193741440773,
0.5227254033088684,
-0.0211207065731287,
0.011177699081599712,
0.07791534811258316,
-0.010671854019165039,
-0.058010417968034744,
0.413330078125,
0.0764058455824852,
0.394500732421875,
0.08618100732564926,
0.006461779121309519,
0.4876912534236908,
0.2773335874080658,
-0.2879791259765625,
-0.07031377404928207,
-0.4142862856388092,
0.0707753524184227,
-0.3323465883731842,
0.1490681916475296,
0.3093973696231842,
0.1265726089477539,
-0.4022928774356842,
0.9951578974723816,
0.37151017785072327,
0.6395060420036316,
0.2235819548368454,
-0.11824703216552734,
0.43450927734375,
0.162109375,
-0.2397257536649704,
0.6220703125,
0.07090902328491211,
-0.03725035861134529,
0.3129781186580658,
0.2767130434513092,
0.4171854555606842,
0.361785888671875,
-0.0078289108350873,
0.4552408754825592,
-0.11484018713235855,
0.07378578186035156,
0.6175537109375,
-0.09685897827148438,
-0.0320485420525074,
-0.1243031844496727,
-0.13502883911132812,
0.5772908329963684,
0.05152098461985588,
0.4428304135799408,
0.4357096254825592,
0.01757391355931759,
-0.59521484375,
-0.3452962338924408,
0.08353296667337418,
0.15545527637004852,
-0.21921031177043915,
-0.08698400110006332,
0.088542141020298,
0.09953180700540543,
-0.13250987231731415,
0.13214461505413055,
0.12855148315429688,
-0.4127400815486908,
0.49139404296875,
0.1468709260225296,
-0.1588795930147171,
0.13807423412799835,
0.4530029296875,
-0.13539822399616241,
-0.2430928498506546,
0.16414006054401398,
-0.1017812117934227,
0.3386026918888092,
0.07815106958150864,
0.1554921418428421,
-0.15669505298137665,
-0.05837027356028557,
0.1895039826631546,
0.3887532651424408,
0.2256062775850296,
0.3886515200138092,
0.3530731201171875,
0.13509877026081085,
-0.018921295180916786,
-0.318695068359375
] |
122 | Who is the current political leader of Indonesia? | [
{
"docid": "14579#29",
"text": "Since 1999, Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In all legislative elections since the fall of New Order, no political party has managed to win an overall majority of seats. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), which secured the most votes in the 2014 elections, is the party of the current President, Joko Widodo. The Great Indonesia Movement Party (\"Gerindra\") is the third largest political party. Other notable parties include the Party of the Functional Groups (\"Golkar\"), the Democratic Party, and the National Awakening Party (PKB). Based on the 2014 elections, the DPR consists of 10 political parties, with a parliamentary threshold of 3.5% of the national vote. The first general election was held in 1955 to elect members of the DPR and the \"Konstituante\". At the national level, Indonesians did not elect a president until 2004. Since then, the president is elected for a five-year term, as are the party-aligned members of the DPR and the non-partisan DPD. Beginning with 2015 local elections, Indonesia starts to elect governors and mayors simultaneously on the same date.",
"title": "Indonesia"
},
{
"docid": "10011631#1",
"text": "On 20 October 2014, Joko Widodo became the seventh and current president of Indonesia.",
"title": "President of Indonesia"
},
{
"docid": "10011631#11",
"text": "The 3rd Indonesian presidential election was held on 9 July 2014 and matched former general and Suharto's ex-son in law Prabowo Subianto against the governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo. On 22 July the General Elections Commission announced Joko Widodo's victory. He and his vice-president, Jusuf Kalla, were sworn-in on 20 October 2014, for a 5-year term.",
"title": "President of Indonesia"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "18699701#0",
"text": "The New Indonesia Party of Struggle () is a political party in Indonesia. It was established as the New Indonesia Alliance Party (\"Partai Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru\") by the economist Dr. Sjahrir and was initially made up of university students, middle-class people and the leaders of several political parties. In a speech on 23 September 2002, Sjahrir said he wanted to establish the party because he was frustrated and angry with the political situation dominated by corruption and the craving for power.",
"title": "New Indonesia Party of Struggle"
},
{
"docid": "1186166#35",
"text": "Currently, Muslims are considered fully represented in the democratically elected parliament. There are numbers of active Islamic political parties, namely Muhammadiyah-oriented National Mandate Party (PAN), NU-oriented National Awakening Party (PKB), and Islamist Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). The democratization had resulted in diversification of religious influence as well, with the relative decline in influence of established institutions such as NU and Muhammadiyah, and rise of smaller scale organizations and individual preachers such as Abdullah Gymnastiar (Aa Gym) and Yusuf Mansur. During the early 2000s, the returning of Abu Bakar Bashir who was in exile during the Suharto era as a spiritual leader of Jihadism in Indonesia resulted in the series of bombing attacks, which have been largely contained recently. Contemporary Islam in Indonesia is analyzed in various ways, with certain analysis consider it as becoming more conservative, while others deem it as \"too big to fail\" for the radicalization.\nConservative development has seen the emergence of vigilante group Islamic Defenders Front (FPI), persecution against Ahmadiyya exemplified by MUI’s fatwa, and the nationwide protest in 2016 against the incumbent governor of Jakarta Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) accused of blasphemy. Liberal development has seen the emergence of groups such as Liberal Islamic Network (JIL), formation of Islam Nusantara as a collective identity of pluralist Islam, and the declining support for the Islamist political parties.",
"title": "Islam in Indonesia"
},
{
"docid": "34869282#0",
"text": "Indonesian Future Leaders (IFL) is a non-profit organization which focuses its activity on youth empowerment and social voluntarism. It was founded on September 27, 2009 by 7 youths aged 17–18 to nurture Indonesia’s future leaders who are capable of being the agent of change for their community. The organization is run by all youths and has approximately 150 staffs, 700 volunteers, and 30,000 online supporters as of early 2013 spread all in its seven chapters in Jakarta, Bandung, Malang, Yogyakarta, Bali, Medan, and Bulukumba (South Sulawesi). IFL’s tagline of “Initiate, Act, Share, Inspire” is represented in its various capacity building, community development, and advocacy projects online and offline which aim to create socially aware future leaders of Indonesia. In February 2012, IFL has won the Millennium Development Goals awards presented by the government of the Republic of Indonesia for its active involvement in promoting the MDGs to Indonesian youths. Currently, IFL is led by Muhammad Iman Usman as the President and Dian Aditya Ning Lestari as the Vice President.",
"title": "Indonesian Future Leaders"
},
{
"docid": "19410106#2",
"text": "The Constitutional Court rules over disputes concerning the Constitution of Indonesia as well as matters involving elections and political parties. The current Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia is Arief Hidayat, who replaced Hamdan Zoelva in 2015. Zoelva's predecessor, Akil Mochtar, was stripped of his powers following allegations of accepting bribes. The current Deputy Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia is Anwar Usman.",
"title": "Judiciary of Indonesia"
},
{
"docid": "1186166#34",
"text": "During the beginning of the \"Reformasi\" (reformation) era, the ascendance of Islamic political parties had led to the election of Abdurrahman Wahid, the leader of NU, as the fourth president of Indonesia, and the appointment of Amien Rais, the leader of Muhammadiyah, as the chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly. This era was briefly marked by the collapse of social order, erosion of central administrative control and the breakdown of law enforcement. They resulted in violent conflicts in which Islamic groups were involved, including separatism of Aceh where more conservative form of Islam is favored, and sectarian clashes between Muslims and Christians in Maluku and Poso. With the collapse of the establishment, MUI began distancing themselves from the government and attempted to exercise wider influence toward the Islamic civil society in Indonesia. This led to the issuance of controversial 2005 fatwa condemning the notion of liberalism, secularism and pluralism, and subsequent criticism by progressive intellectuals. Political transition from the authoritarianism to democracy, however, went relatively smoothly owing considerably to the commitment of tolerance by the mass organizations such as NU and Muhammadiyah. This made Muslim civil society a key part of Indonesia’s democratic transition.",
"title": "Islam in Indonesia"
},
{
"docid": "18513865#0",
"text": "The Democratic Renewal Party (Indonesian: \"Partai Demokrasi Pembaruan\" (PDP)) was a political party in Indonesia. It was established in 2005 by former members of the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle (PDI-P) who were once close aides of party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri. Following the 2005 PDI-P congress, differences appeared over the nature of democratic methods within the party. A group of people, including Petrus Selestinus, took the view that although the PDI-P was a modern political party, it still used the old authoritarian methods such as giving absolute prerogative rights to the party chairman and having only one candidate for senior positions. This group then established the Democratic Renewal Party. Unlike the PDI-P, it had a system of collective leadership, with 35 people forming the national leadership.",
"title": "Democratic Renewal Party (Indonesia)"
},
{
"docid": "34869282#4",
"text": "Youth Parliament of Indonesia is a simulation of a parliamentary session targeted for the youth of Indonesia. This program is inspired by the UK Youth Parliament and European Union Youth Parliament. Youth Parliament of Indonesia aims to create politically aware youths of Indonesia so that they are able to speak up their creative ideas to solve for some common problems in Indonesia, such as education, environmental sustainability and healthcare.",
"title": "Indonesian Future Leaders"
},
{
"docid": "11903089#37",
"text": "By 2015, the victory of LGBT rights movement in Western countries has had significant implications in Indonesia. As numerous influential Western countries like European nations and the United States began legalizing same-sex marriage in 2015, the LGBT rights issue has caught the attention and awareness of the general public in Indonesia and generated public discourse. The popular opinion split into several stances, and the reaction mainly was not positive. The right-wing elements in Indonesian politics, especially religious-based political parties and organization have publicly condemned LGBT rights. Some argued that currently Indonesia is under the threat of global LGBT \"propaganda\", which promotes an \"LGBT lifestyle\". Same-sex marriage or civil union became the main issue discussed on public regarding LGBT rights, although LGBT activist have argued that currently they do not fight for same-sex marriage, but simply seek the fundamental human rights of security, freedom from fear and freedom of assembly.",
"title": "LGBT rights in Indonesia"
},
{
"docid": "46514324#0",
"text": "Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal and Security of Indonesia (abbreviated \"Kemenko Polhukam\") is the Indonesian government ministry in charge of planning and policy co-ordination, as well as synchronisation of policies in the fields of politics, law, and security. Kemenkopolhukam is led by a Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security. Throughout its history, the post is always occupied by a retired Indonesian National Armed Forces high-ranked officers. The current Coordinating Minister is Wiranto.",
"title": "Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs (Indonesia)"
}
] | [
0.0930873230099678,
-0.011940869502723217,
0.14708085358142853,
0.21635298430919647,
-0.4539905786514282,
-0.4422607421875,
0.05479847267270088,
-0.3032115697860718,
0.5389737486839294,
0.2620738744735718,
-0.2945112884044647,
-0.07588507980108261,
-0.3892877697944641,
0.16407914459705353,
-0.2982177734375,
-0.4439142346382141,
0.3696178197860718,
-0.25582608580589294,
-0.09504838287830353,
0.2852783203125,
-0.2714066803455353,
0.3821244537830353,
0.06894545257091522,
-0.1757809966802597,
0.17466874420642853,
-0.14209261536598206,
-0.26394930481910706,
0.2518421411514282,
0.1446404904127121,
0.1436913162469864,
0.19264914095401764,
-0.16526101529598236,
0.029194919392466545,
0.07831642776727676,
-0.36270418763160706,
0.050616178661584854,
-0.22900390625,
0.12252252548933029,
0.22243985533714294,
0.2602594494819641,
-0.04734663665294647,
0.4044744372367859,
-0.0791778564453125,
-0.05656779929995537,
0.3711603283882141,
-0.014403603039681911,
0.05585774406790733,
0.030172260478138924,
-0.12111455947160721,
0.22678445279598236,
-0.11404696106910706,
-0.020731838420033455,
-0.01630609668791294,
0.08431036025285721,
-0.3924671411514282,
0.22840465605258942,
0.015029213391244411,
0.411865234375,
0.054160378873348236,
-0.11608331650495529,
0.07470841705799103,
0.044786714017391205,
-0.26504793763160706,
0.028789065778255463,
0.19159212708473206,
0.15891890227794647,
-0.11631219834089279,
0.28597745299339294,
0.24497847259044647,
0.1924383044242859,
0.09598749130964279,
0.30332252383232117,
0.30240145325660706,
0.4107416272163391,
-0.03511185944080353,
-0.017705051228404045,
0.03163008391857147,
0.1267034411430359,
0.4117542505264282,
-0.18435946106910706,
0.217529296875,
-0.004441000986844301,
-0.039145730435848236,
0.21903090178966522,
0.15302380919456482,
0.40591707825660706,
-0.05058947578072548,
-0.026272861286997795,
0.5960804224014282,
0.7214577198028564,
0.012647455558180809,
0.18430952727794647,
0.2642655670642853,
-0.1421564221382141,
0.13619717955589294,
0.18171830475330353,
0.24974475800991058,
-0.3095508813858032,
-0.10823891311883926,
-0.2431085705757141,
0.205810546875,
-0.13945423066616058,
0.3201793432235718,
0.45751953125,
0.2915593981742859,
-0.29982689023017883,
-0.33005037903785706,
0.15944601595401764,
0.14779558777809143,
0.08255282044410706,
0.11425226181745529,
-0.2888294458389282,
-0.3654230237007141,
0.03927750885486603,
-0.09570138901472092,
-0.22923487424850464,
-0.006389271002262831,
0.06725241988897324,
-0.11144187301397324,
-1.0303622484207153,
0.32590553164482117,
0.03526514396071434,
-0.20821866393089294,
-0.15769681334495544,
-0.08964122086763382,
-0.010690862312912941,
0.38425514101982117,
-0.20586048066616058,
0.6367409229278564,
0.3807927966117859,
0.31503018736839294,
0.20241199433803558,
0.21135364472866058,
0.3291015625,
0.12501664459705353,
0.5289639830589294,
0.6556285619735718,
-0.37058326601982117,
0.4572310149669647,
-0.5170454382896423,
-0.1419011950492859,
-0.2918035387992859,
0.13317108154296875,
0.042996492236852646,
-0.09924732893705368,
-0.06563360244035721,
0.1099226251244545,
0.35726651549339294,
0.08882834762334824,
0.4348810315132141,
-0.03482957184314728,
0.1379339098930359,
-0.20790793001651764,
0.37233665585517883,
-0.2781538665294647,
0.3253173828125,
0.6758922338485718,
-0.2690984606742859,
0.2791692614555359,
0.18849875032901764,
0.8295010924339294,
0.3852428197860718,
-0.24750865995883942,
-0.006107677239924669,
0.3496759533882141,
0.10277488082647324,
-0.06409800797700882,
0.3670099377632141,
0.42196378111839294,
-0.07760273665189743,
0.0008919455576688051,
-0.03233129158616066,
0.055328369140625,
0.07865073531866074,
0.3125665783882141,
-0.021954623982310295,
-0.1032184287905693,
-0.09435757994651794,
0.3770641088485718,
0.07755903899669647,
0.33156517148017883,
0.18145751953125,
0.007257981691509485,
0.040856100618839264,
0.47696200013160706,
0.38623046875,
-0.20647430419921875,
0.3602461516857147,
-0.13389691710472107,
0.3147638440132141,
0.016014445573091507,
-0.2933211028575897,
0.7851118445396423,
-0.15153364837169647,
0.4569646716117859,
0.40964576601982117,
0.023820357397198677,
0.27157315611839294,
-0.031238902360200882,
0.32887962460517883,
0.006675026845186949,
-0.5279651880264282,
-0.2902721166610718,
0.24637117981910706,
0.2747913599014282,
-0.1447131484746933,
-0.0157012939453125,
0.17800070345401764,
-0.09706809371709824,
0.40183326601982117,
0.055674467235803604,
0.07226666808128357,
0.06593167036771774,
0.5032514929771423,
-0.12015602737665176,
-0.094482421875,
0.04241527244448662,
0.034457121044397354,
0.5570290088653564,
-0.08983542770147324,
-0.3441272974014282,
0.2794078588485718,
0.08765480667352676,
-0.2498113512992859,
0.0732269287109375,
0.5735750794410706,
-0.09531264007091522,
-0.12418851256370544,
0.018298061564564705,
0.5820090770721436,
0.13618884980678558,
0.14246992766857147,
0.19090132415294647,
-0.21181418001651764,
0.1630304455757141,
0.5520463585853577,
-0.1488037109375,
0.28579434752464294,
0.045312706381082535,
0.020028548315167427,
0.3288019299507141,
0.028269680216908455,
-0.2509321868419647,
0.2725275158882141,
0.3893932104110718,
-0.11456298828125,
0.26996681094169617,
-0.16220231354236603,
-0.08490128815174103,
-0.14098705351352692,
-0.2580011487007141,
0.07591941207647324,
-0.20842395722866058,
-0.09870216995477676,
-0.09609291702508926,
0.36545631289482117,
-0.13466297090053558,
-0.42379483580589294,
-0.2286841720342636,
0.14437232911586761,
0.11776594817638397,
0.2307989001274109,
0.29043301939964294,
-0.1078387200832367,
-0.15205521881580353,
-0.08917582780122757,
0.22396017611026764,
0.42236328125,
0.12120194733142853,
0.35031405091285706,
0.29349032044410706,
0.07220458984375,
0.030242919921875,
0.4025101959705353,
-0.4727672338485718,
-0.3610492944717407,
0.04143177345395088,
0.05879610404372215,
-0.14491496980190277,
0.3405206799507141,
0.6173650622367859,
-0.4962935149669647,
0.0251922607421875,
0.2419378161430359,
-0.12063321471214294,
0.09929587692022324,
-0.10472453385591507,
-0.04767261818051338,
-0.6029385924339294,
0.13303445279598236,
0.28067293763160706,
0.4882368743419647,
0.0462975949048996,
-0.6441317200660706,
0.2445623278617859,
0.08444491028785706,
0.25362882018089294,
0.15532822906970978,
0.44131746888160706,
0.22139392793178558,
0.4948064684867859,
-0.16917280852794647,
-0.07754239439964294,
0.5042835474014282,
0.029938437044620514,
-0.3707386255264282,
-0.0385119691491127,
0.06994351744651794,
0.167192280292511,
0.18864302337169647,
0.6558504700660706,
-0.21058239042758942,
0.03690129891037941,
0.1261693835258484,
0.3098089098930359,
0.5846502184867859,
0.5741299986839294,
-0.07432105392217636,
-0.008553245104849339,
-0.05907231941819191,
-0.05886286124587059,
-0.08718178421258926,
-0.27249422669410706,
-0.1171618402004242,
0.27987393736839294,
-0.5337995886802673,
0.1510675549507141,
-0.5751509070396423,
0.3671098053455353,
0.29128751158714294,
0.8051313757896423,
0.002044677734375,
-0.31997957825660706,
-0.055048856884241104,
-0.0416717529296875,
0.3397105932235718,
-0.010657050646841526,
0.3985706567764282,
-0.4060114026069641,
-0.3094593286514282,
0.10776953399181366,
0.3504194915294647,
-0.16145463287830353,
0.2401788830757141,
0.07714982330799103,
0.22904275357723236,
0.3931884765625,
-0.14108553528785706,
0.10665616393089294,
-0.08796136826276779,
0.12144053727388382,
0.2398834228515625,
0.07974520325660706,
0.12533292174339294,
0.23295454680919647,
0.1307123303413391,
0.3039994537830353,
0.5079234838485718,
0.27187278866767883,
-0.34352806210517883,
0.08874788880348206,
0.4305974841117859,
0.2920393645763397,
0.3745782971382141,
0.21510453522205353,
0.3701615631580353,
-0.14003683626651764,
-0.2562921643257141,
-0.24632678925991058,
0.1304730474948883,
0.05224747955799103,
0.07498376816511154,
0.4288440942764282,
0.24094460904598236,
-0.483642578125,
-0.17955432832241058,
-0.008873679675161839,
0.42746803164482117,
0.5918634533882141,
0.08789131790399551,
0.2046453356742859,
0.4696599841117859,
0.05154280364513397,
-0.20992764830589294,
-0.5561967492103577,
-0.15987326204776764,
0.21634744107723236,
-0.0030101428274065256,
0.10433821380138397,
0.19437478482723236,
0.059084806591272354,
0.03959794342517853,
0.48135653138160706,
-0.20515026152133942,
0.11766607314348221,
-0.04583827033638954,
-0.2505382299423218,
0.24427102506160736,
0.013861223123967648,
0.27048560976982117,
0.10924183577299118,
0.4179243743419647,
0.1697484850883484,
0.4388538599014282,
3.9959161281585693,
0.09249253571033478,
0.6021173596382141,
0.44899681210517883,
-0.4266246557235718,
-0.02726190723478794,
0.23092928528785706,
-0.22981400787830353,
-0.09489718079566956,
0.17892733216285706,
-0.3708052337169647,
0.31948575377464294,
0.0669659674167633,
0.010945579968392849,
0.07691886276006699,
0.2277013659477234,
0.23167835175991058,
-0.19826437532901764,
0.04600074142217636,
0.3491876721382141,
-0.31078824400901794,
0.10108080506324768,
0.3336181640625,
-0.06248439475893974,
0.06620233505964279,
0.43601295351982117,
0.2702747583389282,
0.1905364990234375,
0.5164018273353577,
0.21397261321544647,
0.3850652575492859,
0.019713787361979485,
0.19148947298526764,
-0.045773591846227646,
-1.0686256885528564,
0.8366477489471436,
0.025307221338152885,
0.18959322571754456,
-0.23651123046875,
-0.13553689420223236,
-0.23026899993419647,
-0.11920166015625,
0.2622125744819641,
0.4166370630264282,
-0.036643289029598236,
-0.07791900634765625,
-0.27248868346214294,
0.3809259533882141,
0.06843289732933044,
0.15417619049549103,
0.0678839236497879,
-0.3548473119735718,
0.08618996292352676,
-0.22713956236839294,
0.20237593352794647,
0.6737393736839294,
-0.2838245630264282,
0.32077857851982117,
0.2520641088485718,
0.40573951601982117,
0.18681751191616058,
-0.05505787208676338,
0.3466686010360718,
-0.012520530261099339,
-0.12528853118419647,
-0.23404763638973236,
-0.04307694733142853,
0.05428105965256691,
0.24433760344982147,
-0.4253900647163391,
0.3961736559867859,
0.30263450741767883,
0.3914684057235718,
-0.1887151598930359,
0.08027544617652893,
0.3973499536514282,
-0.37939453125,
0.2040460705757141,
-0.34146395325660706,
-0.45090553164482117,
-0.013954856432974339,
0.2896007299423218,
0.04960077628493309,
0.12031971663236618,
-0.2755237817764282,
0.482421875,
-0.09517877548933029,
-0.2843572497367859,
0.35886451601982117,
0.20896218717098236,
0.42575904726982117,
-0.19489635527133942,
0.28299227356910706,
-0.034579191356897354,
-0.31820401549339294,
-0.06830284744501114,
-0.15371565520763397,
-4.047762870788574,
0.16833218932151794,
0.5298739075660706,
-0.1398370862007141,
0.12703289091587067,
0.08415638655424118,
0.0043767583556473255,
0.2193353772163391,
-0.4093461334705353,
0.2570079565048218,
-0.03225395828485489,
0.09342401474714279,
-0.29794034361839294,
0.36391380429267883,
0.07915150374174118,
0.2923140227794647,
-0.10494024306535721,
0.2088623046875,
0.017813943326473236,
-0.20204301178455353,
-0.2758622467517853,
0.41934481263160706,
0.2775323987007141,
-0.5481622815132141,
0.024542374536395073,
0.23977938294410706,
0.2957042455673218,
-0.1997547149658203,
0.31612882018089294,
0.25857821106910706,
-0.14151348173618317,
0.42928799986839294,
0.47012606263160706,
-0.19143953919410706,
-0.26022061705589294,
0.6582918763160706,
0.3389393091201782,
-0.00202491064555943,
0.5779030323028564,
0.38010475039482117,
0.09856033325195312,
-0.31356534361839294,
0.16898693144321442,
0.3976495862007141,
0.037960704416036606,
0.4359019994735718,
-0.20626553893089294,
0.03920022025704384,
-0.4747203588485718,
-0.17007169127464294,
0.3196466565132141,
0.19186124205589294,
-0.2980291247367859,
0.12933349609375,
0.6014737486839294,
0.05993236228823662,
0.05485118553042412,
-0.09385542571544647,
0.5885564684867859,
0.2041015625,
-0.10828261077404022,
-0.6231356263160706,
0.26534757018089294,
0.22613100707530975,
0.0859857052564621,
-0.04305059090256691,
0.06998097151517868,
0.07259785383939743,
0.07173433899879456,
-0.1355445235967636,
-0.2589888274669647,
0.28611060976982117,
0.08061530441045761,
0.042594216763973236,
-0.0023706608917564154,
0.06638960540294647,
0.0015203302027657628,
-0.3761097192764282,
0.6226473450660706,
-0.16210104525089264,
-0.2825761139392853,
0.3308216333389282,
-0.29898348450660706,
0.4306196868419647,
2.1998403072357178,
0.6402254700660706,
2.271573066711426,
0.5951482653617859,
-0.021399063989520073,
0.3389115631580353,
-0.06969382613897324,
0.3988814055919647,
0.1857244372367859,
0.09354400634765625,
-0.36130592226982117,
0.19968293607234955,
-0.3359818756580353,
0.1810552477836609,
0.22594104707241058,
-0.10124067962169647,
0.4049627184867859,
-0.9510831236839294,
0.5238592028617859,
0.022518504410982132,
0.2658802270889282,
-0.1089428961277008,
-0.10203413665294647,
0.21757368743419647,
0.5992320775985718,
-0.06931374222040176,
0.3251398205757141,
0.15671609342098236,
-0.1686956286430359,
-0.08912346512079239,
-0.06857091933488846,
-0.31988248229026794,
0.08879435807466507,
-0.0008380196522921324,
-0.04900984466075897,
0.06524831801652908,
-0.06746187806129456,
4.705610752105713,
0.42990943789482117,
0.06363677978515625,
-0.05330033600330353,
-0.04558216407895088,
0.3181707262992859,
0.4922540783882141,
-0.004978526849299669,
0.020592428743839264,
0.5098766088485718,
0.11893532425165176,
-0.05399114266037941,
0.17274059355258942,
-0.14819613099098206,
0.3089488744735718,
0.4764959216117859,
0.81103515625,
-0.13527530431747437,
-0.3287242650985718,
0.11064581573009491,
0.4026988744735718,
0.12040155380964279,
-0.20095738768577576,
-0.25607022643089294,
0.13042449951171875,
-0.03357072174549103,
0.3884637951850891,
0.5058149695396423,
0.06825360655784607,
-0.012775767594575882,
-0.12468373030424118,
5.490767002105713,
0.09251265227794647,
0.6167213916778564,
-0.16131730377674103,
-0.0034588901326060295,
0.19507528841495514,
-0.40798118710517883,
0.09325790405273438,
-0.07264015823602676,
-0.12925615906715393,
-0.017729585990309715,
0.5131391882896423,
-0.10937638580799103,
0.4357244372367859,
-0.09344759583473206,
-0.08412447571754456,
-0.223876953125,
0.0018518621800467372,
-0.01307955663651228,
0.15257124602794647,
0.7795188426971436,
0.09558157622814178,
-0.019614480435848236,
-0.5536665320396423,
-0.4134160876274109,
-0.07011274993419647,
0.026086287572979927,
0.08540400862693787,
-0.0007476806640625,
-0.39306640625,
0.420654296875,
0.4595836400985718,
-0.39727783203125,
0.4771617650985718,
-0.2876420319080353,
-0.005348898936063051,
0.3469682037830353,
0.10501167923212051,
0.5386186242103577,
-0.19338712096214294,
0.32137784361839294,
0.45254793763160706,
-0.26210716366767883,
0.29104891419410706,
0.2942816913127899,
0.06900198012590408,
-0.24439586699008942,
0.3293013274669647,
0.22489790618419647,
0.0010140158701688051,
-0.25064364075660706,
0.17409445345401764,
0.9118430614471436,
0.08974664658308029,
0.37369051575660706,
0.14692272245883942,
0.1471918225288391,
-0.2708989977836609,
0.48055753111839294,
0.15975119173526764,
0.6425337195396423,
0.1628667712211609,
0.00006537004082929343,
0.3246501684188843,
0.47836026549339294,
0.07257773727178574,
0.08651507645845413,
-0.15139493346214294,
0.7041903138160706,
0.055111970752477646,
-0.12659384310245514,
0.08211448043584824,
0.18928666412830353,
0.47976961731910706,
-0.1768243908882141,
-0.0866900384426117,
0.09032648056745529,
-0.20933394134044647,
0.04711848869919777,
-0.015178333967924118,
-0.11982449889183044,
-0.20712003111839294,
-0.23443326354026794,
-0.14391674101352692,
0.0671716183423996,
0.2305353283882141,
0.028515208512544632,
0.26351651549339294,
0.2716730237007141,
0.21950460970401764,
0.23403653502464294,
-0.39224520325660706,
0.2563032805919647,
0.27291592955589294,
0.0652923583984375,
0.12265846878290176,
0.20088888704776764,
-0.016718951985239983,
-0.28919288516044617,
-0.16689786314964294,
-0.6286177039146423,
0.12115755677223206,
0.018876509740948677,
-0.0875701904296875,
0.23893599212169647,
-0.24333052337169647,
0.06765885651111603,
-0.04929004982113838,
-0.053101107478141785,
0.18408203125,
0.23269930481910706,
0.2075445055961609,
-0.12581148743629456,
0.0007962313829921186,
0.16776345670223236
] |
126 | What country has the most tornados? | [
{
"docid": "8293375#0",
"text": "Tornadoes have been recorded on all continents except Antarctica and are most common in the middle latitudes where conditions are often favorable for convective storm development. The United States has the most tornadoes of any country, as well as the strongest and most violent tornadoes. A large portion of these tornadoes form in an area of the central United States popularly known as Tornado Alley. Other areas of the world that have frequent tornadoes include significant portions of Europe, South Africa, Philippines, Bangladesh, parts of Argentina, Uruguay, and southern and southeast Brazil, northern Mexico, New Zealand, and far eastern Asia.",
"title": "Tornado climatology"
},
{
"docid": "8293375#9",
"text": "The United States averaged 1,274 tornadoes per year in the last decade. April 2011 saw the most tornadoes ever recorded for any month in the US National Weather Service's history, 875; the previous record was 542 in one month. It has more tornadoes yearly than any other country and reports more violent (F4 and F5) tornadoes than anywhere else.",
"title": "Tornado climatology"
},
{
"docid": "37530#44",
"text": "The United States has the most tornadoes of any country, nearly four times more than estimated in all of Europe, excluding waterspouts. This is mostly due to the unique geography of the continent. North America is a large continent that extends from the tropics north into arctic areas, and has no major east-west mountain range to block air flow between these two areas. In the middle latitudes, where most tornadoes of the world occur, the Rocky Mountains block moisture and buckle the atmospheric flow, forcing drier air at mid-levels of the troposphere due to downsloped winds, and causing the formation of a low pressure area downwind to the east of the mountains. Increased westerly flow off the Rockies force the formation of a dry line when the flow aloft is strong, while the Gulf of Mexico fuels abundant low-level moisture in the southerly flow to its east. This unique topography allows for frequent collisions of warm and cold air, the conditions that breed strong, long-lived storms throughout the year. A large portion of these tornadoes form in an area of the central United States known as Tornado Alley. This area extends into Canada, particularly Ontario and the Prairie Provinces, although southeast Quebec, the interior of British Columbia, and western New Brunswick are also tornado-prone. Tornadoes also occur across northeastern Mexico.",
"title": "Tornado"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "8293375#14",
"text": "More tornadoes occur in Texas than in any other US state. The state which has the highest number of tornadoes per unit area is Florida, although most of the tornadoes in Florida are weak tornadoes of EF0 or EF1 intensity. A number of Florida's tornadoes occur along the edge of hurricanes that strike the state. The state with the highest number of strong tornadoes per unit area is Oklahoma. The neighboring state of Kansas is also a particularly notorious tornado state. It records the most EF4 and EF5 tornadoes in the country.",
"title": "Tornado climatology"
},
{
"docid": "37530#48",
"text": "The United Kingdom has the highest incidence of tornadoes, measured by unit area of land, than any other country in the world. Unsettled conditions and weather fronts transverse the Islands at all times of the years and are responsible for spawning the tornadoes, which consequently form at all times of the year. The United Kingdom has at least 34 tornadoes per year and possibly as many as 50, more than any other country in the world relative to its land area. Most tornadoes in the United Kingdom are weak, but they are occasionally destructive. For example, the Birmingham tornado of 2005 and the London tornado of 2006 both registered F2 on the Fujita scale and both caused significant damage and injury.",
"title": "Tornado"
},
{
"docid": "25728235#15",
"text": "The Netherlands has the highest average number of recorded tornadoes per area of any country in the world (more than 20, or 0.0005 per km), annually), followed by the UK (around 33, or 0.0001 per km), per year), but most are small and cause minor damage. In absolute number of events, ignoring area, the UK experiences more tornadoes than any other European country, excluding waterspouts. Europe uses its own tornado scale, known as the TORRO scale, which ranges from a T0 for extremely weak tornadoes to T11 for the most powerful known tornadoes.",
"title": "Climate of Europe"
},
{
"docid": "84358#51",
"text": "It is internationally recognised that the United Kingdom has a higher incidence of tornadoes, measured by unit area of land, than any other country in the world. Dr T. Theodore Fujita (inventor of the Fujita scale), an American meteorologist, was the first to recognise the UK as the top site for tornadoes in 1973. The United Kingdom has at least 33 tornadoes per year, more than any other country in the world relative to its land area. Although most tornadoes are weak, there are occasional destructive events, for example, the Birmingham tornado of 2005 and the London tornado of 2006. Both registered F2 on the Fujita scale and both caused significant damage and injury. The largest ever recorded was thought to have been an F4, again in London in 1091. The most deadly occurred on 28 December 1879. All 74 lives were lost when a passenger train plunged from the Tay Bridge (Tayside) into the Tay Estuary, when the middle section of the bridge collapsed. Although the bridge was poorly constructed and had already been weakened in earlier gales (including the pre-existing winds at the time of the tragedy), the ultimate failure is believed to have been caused by two or three waterspouts which were sighted close to the bridge immediately before the accident. A tornado also developed in London on 3 July 2007.\nThe UK also holds the title for the highest known 'outbreak' of tornadoes outside of the United States. The largest tornado outbreak in Britain is also the largest tornado outbreak known anywhere in Europe. On 23 November 1981, 105 tornadoes were spawned by a cold front in the space of 5.25 hours. Excepting Derbyshire, every county in a triangular area from Gwynedd to Humberside to Essex was hit by at least one tornado, while Norfolk was hit by at least 13. Very fortunately most tornadoes were short-lived and also weak (the strongest was around T5 on the TORRO Tornado Scale) and no deaths occurred.",
"title": "Climate of the United Kingdom"
},
{
"docid": "18436515#12",
"text": "The Southern United States has suffered more tornado fatalities than any other part of the country. Some areas experience repeated damaging tornado events, such as the Tennessee Valley and in northern Alabama. The state of Alabama is tied for the most reported F5 tornadoes. For the period 1950 to 2006, three hundred and fifty eight people were killed by tornadoes in Alabama, ranking the state third nationwide behind Texas (521) and neighboring Mississippi (404). Fourth is Arkansas (336) and fifth is Tennessee with 271 fatalities.",
"title": "Tornadoes in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "37530#45",
"text": "The United States averages about 1,200 tornadoes per year, followed by Canada, averaging 62 reported per year. NOAA's has a higher average 100 per year in Canada. The Netherlands has the highest average number of recorded tornadoes per area of any country (more than 20, or 0.0013 per sq mi (0.00048 per km), annually), followed by the UK (around 33, or 0.00035 per sq mi (0.00013 per km), per year), although those are of lower intensity, briefer and cause minor damage.\nTornadoes kill an average of 179 people per year in Bangladesh, the most in the world. Reasons for this include the region's high population density, poor construction quality, and lack of tornado safety knowledge. Other areas of the world that have frequent tornadoes include South Africa, the La Plata Basin area, portions of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and far eastern Asia.",
"title": "Tornado"
},
{
"docid": "8293375#1",
"text": "The United States averaged 1,274 tornadoes per year in the last decade while Canada reports nearly 100 annually (largely in the southern regions). However, the UK has most tornadoes per area per year, 0.14 per 1000 km², although these tornadoes are generally weak, and many other European countries have a similar number of tornadoes per area.",
"title": "Tornado climatology"
}
] | [
0.32805174589157104,
0.17236328125,
-0.4581542909145355,
-0.04596252366900444,
-0.19284363090991974,
0.48540037870407104,
0.24384765326976776,
-0.29852294921875,
0.3669677674770355,
0.5357421636581421,
-0.17185363173484802,
-0.1962844878435135,
-0.31511229276657104,
0.25626832246780396,
-0.12110137939453125,
-0.177703857421875,
0.603222668170929,
0.271719366312027,
-0.18615111708641052,
0.185791015625,
-0.219136044383049,
0.43798828125,
0.28725510835647583,
-0.1744384765625,
0.05403919145464897,
0.21936340630054474,
-0.13661345839500427,
0.00761942844837904,
-0.11362457275390625,
0.28437501192092896,
0.2796997129917145,
-0.1827392578125,
-0.27555006742477417,
0.20098266005516052,
-0.16352692246437073,
0.513867199420929,
-0.37652587890625,
0.025977324694395065,
0.3437744081020355,
0.41166990995407104,
0.31648558378219604,
0.3404785096645355,
0.11153869330883026,
-0.07591857761144638,
0.22662658989429474,
-0.11071624606847763,
-0.01118316687643528,
-0.1951858550310135,
0.005738449282944202,
0.2764526307582855,
-0.12426681816577911,
-0.3402954041957855,
0.6089843511581421,
-0.25944823026657104,
0.18924561142921448,
0.15812988579273224,
-0.15318909287452698,
0.867382824420929,
-0.13620300590991974,
-0.22997741401195526,
0.17219848930835724,
0.1143394485116005,
-0.02785491943359375,
-0.23405151069164276,
0.48967283964157104,
0.3678222596645355,
0.2708373963832855,
0.09042587131261826,
0.639599621295929,
0.6269286870956421,
0.06224822998046875,
0.625317394733429,
0.4187255799770355,
0.10028686374425888,
-0.2884460389614105,
-0.26872557401657104,
-0.01159057579934597,
0.4002929627895355,
0.24315185844898224,
-0.2932067811489105,
0.216796875,
-0.2848144471645355,
-0.12852983176708221,
0.05844821780920029,
0.053802490234375,
0.4243408143520355,
-0.012734520249068737,
0.09548874199390411,
0.23308715224266052,
0.4876953065395355,
-0.24611815810203552,
0.20258179306983948,
0.14875106513500214,
-0.22186279296875,
0.36583250761032104,
0.08319320529699326,
0.04037132114171982,
0.13152313232421875,
0.237884521484375,
-0.21135863661766052,
0.18568114936351776,
-0.11038589477539062,
0.08801613003015518,
0.6716064214706421,
0.05682067945599556,
-0.3451171815395355,
-0.34644776582717896,
-0.21557922661304474,
0.35698240995407104,
0.3493408262729645,
-0.29234617948532104,
-0.11516723781824112,
0.3763061463832855,
-0.22083739936351776,
0.16734924912452698,
-0.06496348232030869,
0.0060710906982421875,
-0.19982299208641052,
-0.23890075087547302,
-0.833789050579071,
0.39116209745407104,
0.023918915539979935,
-0.31585693359375,
-0.15392303466796875,
-0.342926025390625,
-0.38994139432907104,
0.5914062261581421,
-0.29869383573532104,
0.6236327886581421,
0.28575438261032104,
0.19925537705421448,
0.23581543564796448,
-0.06334228813648224,
0.581787109375,
0.08669738471508026,
0.3630127012729645,
0.4603515565395355,
-0.168212890625,
0.02811431884765625,
-0.38897705078125,
-0.013299131765961647,
-0.34949952363967896,
-0.08697052299976349,
0.6212402582168579,
-0.18775025010108948,
0.12821045517921448,
0.2406005859375,
0.3017822206020355,
-0.04287834092974663,
0.2257080078125,
0.01323776226490736,
0.17431640625,
-0.08005370944738388,
0.2098388671875,
-0.24231338500976562,
0.05095786973834038,
0.3616943359375,
0.27867430448532104,
0.0315488800406456,
0.008838081732392311,
0.6496337652206421,
0.39948731660842896,
-0.20281067490577698,
-0.027217483147978783,
-0.0746997818350792,
0.01955404318869114,
-0.18170776963233948,
0.875781238079071,
0.5577636957168579,
-0.19683837890625,
-0.04349784925580025,
0.3452514708042145,
-0.4134521484375,
-0.13016223907470703,
-0.039969634264707565,
0.3422485291957855,
-0.12819138169288635,
0.1800878494977951,
0.2723289430141449,
0.1505279541015625,
-0.10045318305492401,
0.2543579041957855,
0.04962158203125,
0.015918254852294922,
0.6474609375,
0.3307128846645355,
-0.3815063536167145,
0.00867309607565403,
-0.03589325025677681,
-0.106877900660038,
0.22735595703125,
-0.03278198093175888,
0.48682862520217896,
-0.023711014539003372,
0.13121643662452698,
-0.19770507514476776,
-0.07183418422937393,
0.38688963651657104,
-0.0039886473678052425,
0.021624375134706497,
-0.14782819151878357,
-0.0709461197257042,
-0.685253918170929,
-0.17791748046875,
0.27476805448532104,
-0.3850463926792145,
-0.04011688381433487,
0.24201050400733948,
-0.19670410454273224,
-0.12047576904296875,
-0.02789154089987278,
0.14185485243797302,
0.3679962158203125,
-0.1613510102033615,
-0.18761596083641052,
0.3069213926792145,
-0.0029040337540209293,
-0.08893279731273651,
0.2853519320487976,
0.12668152153491974,
-0.04518585279583931,
0.29804688692092896,
-0.07804260402917862,
0.18658752739429474,
0.16183777153491974,
0.04546342045068741,
-0.20351561903953552,
-0.3329834043979645,
0.14234009385108948,
0.435791015625,
0.44873046875,
-0.058990478515625,
0.19657592475414276,
0.236572265625,
0.4000000059604645,
0.35908204317092896,
0.07504119724035263,
-0.00350360875017941,
-0.0005525589222088456,
0.16365356743335724,
0.2908691465854645,
-0.050655364990234375,
-0.3823486268520355,
0.3135635256767273,
0.42753905057907104,
-0.20643921196460724,
0.4417480528354645,
0.2932372987270355,
-0.29169923067092896,
-0.18207398056983948,
0.235107421875,
-0.3895507752895355,
-0.22669067978858948,
0.43525391817092896,
-0.21392211318016052,
0.4812255799770355,
-0.020562361925840378,
-0.061351776123046875,
-0.13769368827342987,
0.04535236209630966,
0.0051475525833666325,
0.049091339111328125,
0.41874998807907104,
0.32197266817092896,
-0.14421996474266052,
-0.03226585313677788,
-0.33592528104782104,
0.562695324420929,
0.12526312470436096,
0.513720691204071,
0.544262707233429,
-0.1567840576171875,
0.1046241745352745,
-0.040517427027225494,
-0.3229736387729645,
-0.33417969942092896,
0.45537108182907104,
-0.134063720703125,
-0.7640136480331421,
0.5045166015625,
0.21905212104320526,
-0.24110718071460724,
-0.17158202826976776,
-0.279794305562973,
0.05505218356847763,
0.02907714806497097,
0.2730712890625,
0.0869084820151329,
-0.39997559785842896,
0.12073059380054474,
0.34227293729782104,
0.39716798067092896,
-0.013995361514389515,
-0.0004915237659588456,
0.07052306830883026,
0.23878784477710724,
0.18612059950828552,
0.21454468369483948,
0.24011841416358948,
0.06593017280101776,
0.5749756097793579,
-0.2930664122104645,
-0.019686127081513405,
0.6170898675918579,
0.12344551086425781,
0.13103637099266052,
-0.0017913818592205644,
0.17670020461082458,
-0.012062406167387962,
0.46086424589157104,
0.024340057745575905,
-0.060938261449337006,
-0.19603271782398224,
0.13857421278953552,
0.2656616270542145,
0.03852386400103569,
0.22533264756202698,
0.1501845419406891,
0.47333985567092896,
0.11634216457605362,
-0.04576263576745987,
-0.05221404880285263,
-0.3447509706020355,
0.03570888191461563,
0.38037109375,
-0.3409179747104645,
0.3142639100551605,
-0.19730834662914276,
0.10207519680261612,
0.20194092392921448,
0.32769471406936646,
0.30321043729782104,
-0.33240967988967896,
-0.36188966035842896,
0.10731659084558487,
0.27961426973342896,
0.06822910159826279,
0.01824493333697319,
-0.07317505031824112,
-0.04750823974609375,
0.01529769878834486,
-0.11840973049402237,
-0.07689972221851349,
0.4048828184604645,
0.19091491401195526,
0.37517088651657104,
0.14211273193359375,
-0.01130828820168972,
0.504345715045929,
-0.17943115532398224,
0.25175780057907104,
-0.04339275509119034,
-0.4881347715854645,
0.052970122545957565,
-0.3651123046875,
0.07900874316692352,
0.14337006211280823,
0.24533386528491974,
0.701367199420929,
-0.23020020127296448,
0.08220672607421875,
0.22307129204273224,
0.09031982719898224,
0.1025974303483963,
0.4031982421875,
-0.2517944276332855,
0.012694930657744408,
-0.3330932557582855,
0.03161048889160156,
-0.05543365329504013,
0.20279845595359802,
-0.15584135055541992,
-0.06613006442785263,
0.049515534192323685,
-0.38640135526657104,
-0.27186280488967896,
0.008661651983857155,
0.3922119140625,
0.5000244379043579,
0.2550903260707855,
0.09626922756433487,
0.4717040956020355,
0.0697174072265625,
-0.14850464463233948,
0.009631347842514515,
-0.3362793028354645,
0.15859584510326385,
-0.01654357835650444,
0.06988982856273651,
-0.1956634521484375,
0.016510009765625,
-0.1560463011264801,
0.36088865995407104,
-0.18284301459789276,
0.08966064453125,
0.15716247260570526,
-0.23577269911766052,
0.25275880098342896,
0.3770385682582855,
0.3067382872104645,
0.11258392035961151,
0.09969577938318253,
0.01975250244140625,
0.34577637910842896,
4.255859375,
0.14143677055835724,
-0.02081909216940403,
-0.16512832045555115,
-0.22879639267921448,
0.2091064453125,
0.4818115234375,
-0.689208984375,
-0.04336242750287056,
0.31791990995407104,
-0.09640808403491974,
0.21834716200828552,
0.06364607810974121,
0.023918915539979935,
-0.12026367336511612,
0.11983700096607208,
0.5367676019668579,
-0.05281534045934677,
-0.13246306777000427,
0.414794921875,
-0.23427429795265198,
0.43890380859375,
0.131103515625,
-0.40462034940719604,
0.682080090045929,
0.02681121788918972,
0.07561950385570526,
0.02881469763815403,
0.3048461973667145,
0.3067871034145355,
0.07471618801355362,
0.0011190414661541581,
0.17266540229320526,
0.11400070041418076,
-0.715283215045929,
0.2200164794921875,
0.37663573026657104,
-0.104705810546875,
0.034366510808467865,
0.02459411695599556,
-0.4835449159145355,
0.05475616455078125,
-0.0364532470703125,
0.4722900390625,
0.40656739473342896,
-0.18480834364891052,
0.36156004667282104,
0.19334106147289276,
0.016391564160585403,
0.074976347386837,
-0.04201088100671768,
-0.13877563178539276,
0.0335482582449913,
0.10278930515050888,
0.34508055448532104,
0.406982421875,
0.20122070610523224,
0.013357830233871937,
0.0775856003165245,
-0.4539550840854645,
0.08744506537914276,
-0.03607521206140518,
0.13963928818702698,
0.15864868462085724,
-0.43364256620407104,
-0.020322799682617188,
0.40961915254592896,
0.3962158262729645,
0.3305419981479645,
0.11766090244054794,
0.575634777545929,
0.22900085151195526,
0.527172863483429,
-0.23668213188648224,
-0.15692138671875,
0.4624267518520355,
-0.4500488340854645,
0.3750854432582855,
0.21260376274585724,
-0.06087798997759819,
0.17919960618019104,
0.023976897820830345,
0.12769775092601776,
-0.16130371391773224,
-0.2136276215314865,
0.513598620891571,
0.3101806640625,
-0.41865235567092896,
0.4285644590854645,
0.3358520567417145,
0.1934814453125,
-0.02381420135498047,
0.19647216796875,
0.3418335020542145,
-0.3041931092739105,
0.14219971001148224,
-0.11358948051929474,
-3.9837889671325684,
0.202972412109375,
0.042533110827207565,
-0.13455963134765625,
0.12461547553539276,
0.045352838933467865,
0.10575409233570099,
0.274658203125,
-0.37451171875,
0.14328613877296448,
-0.34562987089157104,
-0.060141753405332565,
-0.29429930448532104,
0.2064208984375,
0.32670897245407104,
0.09425506740808487,
0.3337051272392273,
0.24899902939796448,
0.2853027284145355,
-0.31975096464157104,
0.04271850734949112,
0.2104034423828125,
0.3697509765625,
-0.43184202909469604,
-0.13011017441749573,
0.05511665344238281,
0.04809684678912163,
-0.3550781309604645,
0.188855841755867,
0.10608978569507599,
-0.2828613221645355,
0.09953460842370987,
0.49882811307907104,
-0.03817443922162056,
0.19956740736961365,
0.4507812559604645,
0.4939208924770355,
0.08873482048511505,
0.5564941167831421,
0.47209471464157104,
-0.03762855380773544,
-0.12421111762523651,
0.23267821967601776,
0.24324950575828552,
-0.3334716856479645,
0.06391754001379013,
-0.17388305068016052,
0.029231835156679153,
0.06036682054400444,
0.0070358277298510075,
0.08929882198572159,
0.18340149521827698,
-0.18671874701976776,
0.07044830173254013,
0.35802000761032104,
-0.05490274354815483,
-0.20524463057518005,
-0.039386749267578125,
0.49541014432907104,
-0.24002990126609802,
0.40336912870407104,
0.08201370388269424,
0.02713317796587944,
0.14042969048023224,
0.15941162407398224,
-0.29759520292282104,
-0.01376495324075222,
0.031755827367305756,
0.39628905057907104,
-0.11393127590417862,
0.1331321746110916,
0.19124145805835724,
0.13036498427391052,
0.17258301377296448,
0.1142730712890625,
0.3694824278354645,
-0.24235840141773224,
0.09149475395679474,
0.531909167766571,
0.0953826904296875,
-0.08879699558019638,
0.05430450290441513,
-0.39958494901657104,
0.31761473417282104,
2.1260743141174316,
0.17761841416358948,
2.267871141433716,
0.4252685606479645,
-0.2443801909685135,
0.3664306700229645,
-0.27105712890625,
0.23145751655101776,
-0.08912811428308487,
-0.13200530409812927,
0.12545165419578552,
-0.005080795381218195,
0.01455841027200222,
-0.15630264580249786,
0.01458816509693861,
0.00345611572265625,
0.3614501953125,
-0.826464831829071,
-0.11987457424402237,
-0.19032593071460724,
0.38066405057907104,
0.03879547119140625,
-0.14260558784008026,
0.4027465879917145,
-0.00676383962854743,
0.04108543321490288,
-0.3970703184604645,
0.30443114042282104,
0.03324127197265625,
-0.13829803466796875,
-0.34321290254592896,
-0.08148193359375,
0.21599121391773224,
-0.033690642565488815,
-0.1457061767578125,
0.3250976502895355,
0.22861328721046448,
4.689843654632568,
0.3660034239292145,
0.029503632336854935,
-0.10758896172046661,
-0.17410583794116974,
0.134144589304924,
0.13525085151195526,
-0.1543121337890625,
0.10586623847484589,
0.6825195550918579,
-0.10475845634937286,
0.123804472386837,
0.10158081352710724,
-0.1717376708984375,
0.1872711181640625,
0.10248184204101562,
0.249786376953125,
0.22498778998851776,
0.2908569276332855,
0.1732330322265625,
0.23247070610523224,
0.5503906011581421,
0.29499512910842896,
0.01252899132668972,
0.3237670958042145,
0.09631156921386719,
0.38029783964157104,
-0.209014892578125,
-0.07936248928308487,
0.513671875,
0.2600158751010895,
5.482031345367432,
-0.04998474195599556,
0.4338622987270355,
-0.010170554742217064,
0.12011108547449112,
0.0024424553848803043,
-0.15895995497703552,
-0.011323928833007812,
-0.08275604248046875,
-0.020409394055604935,
-0.24451903998851776,
0.45866698026657104,
-0.10542354732751846,
0.12833023071289062,
-0.09588928520679474,
0.37263184785842896,
-0.07980499416589737,
-0.05756797641515732,
-0.124303437769413,
-0.14944763481616974,
0.8929198980331421,
-0.05771484225988388,
-0.02709045447409153,
-0.34033203125,
-0.15852050483226776,
-0.3924560546875,
-0.01093368511646986,
0.25285643339157104,
-0.21403197944164276,
-0.09823684394359589,
0.34028321504592896,
0.558349609375,
-0.1599578857421875,
0.7047363519668579,
-0.5036376714706421,
0.19154052436351776,
0.41987305879592896,
0.009814071469008923,
0.014562887139618397,
-0.056104280054569244,
0.06486444175243378,
0.516284167766571,
-0.06984634697437286,
0.02075653150677681,
0.2677368223667145,
0.08013840019702911,
-0.002952671144157648,
0.08481597900390625,
0.13426513969898224,
0.10542144626379013,
0.4670654237270355,
0.0195756908506155,
0.9659179449081421,
0.2567138671875,
0.12127075344324112,
0.45654296875,
-0.16448974609375,
-0.13755187392234802,
0.05656738206744194,
-0.10747528076171875,
0.5775390863418579,
0.21662597358226776,
0.2182903289794922,
0.5364990234375,
0.051981352269649506,
0.4250732362270355,
0.14336243271827698,
-0.08930359035730362,
0.530712902545929,
-0.02520446851849556,
0.1334785521030426,
-0.09818878024816513,
0.02906951867043972,
0.43671876192092896,
-0.15073470771312714,
0.522021472454071,
0.27550047636032104,
0.046337127685546875,
-0.1264389008283615,
-0.1820526123046875,
-0.26148682832717896,
-0.38032227754592896,
-0.43522948026657104,
-0.15506592392921448,
0.07078704982995987,
0.07628631591796875,
-0.30357664823532104,
0.013797188177704811,
0.3448486328125,
0.061577606946229935,
0.20454101264476776,
0.3032592833042145,
-0.33831787109375,
0.4515136778354645,
0.040741730481386185,
-0.017581988126039505,
0.5309082269668579,
0.357229620218277,
0.07300291210412979,
0.27210694551467896,
-0.13936462998390198,
0.17393264174461365,
0.2834320068359375,
-0.0626014694571495,
0.25599366426467896,
-0.07106475532054901,
0.15763549506664276,
0.05697173997759819,
-0.07070770114660263,
0.28831785917282104,
0.3645263612270355,
0.39222413301467896,
0.12666931748390198,
0.15999145805835724,
-0.48652344942092896
] |
128 | When did the TV show ER first air? | [
{
"docid": "177153#0",
"text": "ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. \"ER\" follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's \"Casualty\"). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. \"ER\" won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, \"ER\" has grossed over in television revenue.",
"title": "ER (TV series)"
},
{
"docid": "177153#9",
"text": "Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, \"ER\" premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. \"ER\" is NBC's third longest-running drama, after \"Law & Order\" and \"\", and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast on March 12, 2009, but NBC announced in January 2009 that it would extend the show by an additional three episodes to a full 22-episode order as part of a deal to launch a new series by John Wells titled \"Police\", later retitled \"Southland\". \"ER\"s final episode aired on April 2, 2009; the two-hour episode was preceded by a one-hour retrospective special. The series finale charged $425,000 per 30-second ad spot, more than three times the season's rate of $135,000. From season 4 to season 6 ER cost a record-breaking 13 million dollars per episode. TNT also paid a record price of $1 million an episode for four years of repeats of the series during that time. The cost of the first three seasons was 2 million per episode and seasons 7 to 9 cost 8 million dollars per episode.",
"title": "ER (TV series)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "177153#14",
"text": "In its first year, \"ER\" attracted an average of 19 million viewers per episode, becoming the years second most watched television show, just behind \"Seinfeld\". In the following two seasons (1995-1997), \"ER\" was the most watched show in North America. For almost five years, \"ER\" battled for the top spot against \"Seinfeld\", but in 1998, \"Seinfeld\" ended and then \"ER\" became number one again. The series finale attracted 16.4 million viewers. The show's highest rating came during season 2 episode \"Hell and High Water,\" with 48 million viewers and a 45% market share. It was the highest for a regularly scheduled drama since a May 1985 installment of \"Dallas\" received a 46. The share represents the percentage of TVs in use tuned in to that show.",
"title": "ER (TV series)"
},
{
"docid": "647241#2",
"text": "\"Without a Trace\" debuted as part of the CBS fall line-up in 2002, created by Hank Steinberg and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. It was the first show to achieve strong ratings opposite longtime NBC hit medical drama \"ER\" which, like \"Without a Trace,\" is produced by Warner Bros. Television. The first two showrunners were Steinberg and Ed Redlich. Between seasons two and three, Redlich moved away from active participation in the series, with staff writers Jan Nash and Greg Walker taking over. In the middle of season four, Steinberg left to produce the series \"The Nine,\" while remaining executive producer. The show is the only primetime U.S. drama to feature two Australians (LaPaglia and Montgomery) and a Briton (Jean-Baptiste) playing Americans in the regular cast. In 2003, the TNT Network acquired syndication rights to the series for US$1.4 million per episode. As of January, 2018, \"Without a Trace\" can be seen on the basic cable channel POP and the digital TV channel ESCAPE. It apparently airs every day in large blocks, with episodes being shown in the order of their original air dates. Info as to when the show was added to the POP line-up is currently unavailable. \"Without a Trace\" ran on Thursdays at 10 pm until September 2006, when it was moved to Sundays. In the 2007–2008 season, it swapped timeslots with \"Shark,\" returning it to its old timeslot on Thursdays. However, this lasted only until the 2008–2009 season, when it moved to Tuesdays at 10pm. On May 19, 2009, the morning the series finale aired, it was reported that the series would not be returning for an eighth season.",
"title": "Without a Trace"
},
{
"docid": "1888108#1",
"text": "Enterprise Radio was created by Scott Rasmussen, the son of Bill Rasmussen, who was the founder of ESPN. The all sports radio network went on the air in January 1981 and lasted until September 21, 1981. The network broadcast sports reports twice an hour and did live phone in sports talk from 6 pm to 8 am Eastern Time seven days a week. Talk show hosts and update announcers included John Sterling, the current voice of the New York Yankees; Don Chevrier, the longtime TV voice of the Toronto Blue Jays; network radio veterans John O'Reilly and Bob Buck; Jay Howard, the radio voice of the San Antonio Spurs' first NBA championship; and Bill Denehy, a former major league pitcher. The network reached approximately 74 stations nationwide at its peak, with most local stations broadcasting the talk shows and the sports reports to supplement their local programming. ER also carried the 1981 Stanley Cup Finals and did extensive coverage of the National Sports Festival in Syracuse, New York. Network radio veteran John Chanin was the executive producer.",
"title": "Enterprise Radio Network"
},
{
"docid": "35036209#2",
"text": "In its original broadcast, \"Love's Labor Lost\" finished first in the ratings for the week of March 6–12, 1995, with a 24.2 Nielsen rating and 40 percent audience share. It was the highest rated show on NBC that week with episodes of \"Seinfeld\" and \"Friends\" second and third respectively. In 1997, \"TV Guide\" ranked it as the third in its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time. In 2009, it ranked the episode sixth. The show's producers also consider it to be one of \"ER\"s best episodes, with John Wells saying he holds it up as \"an example to everyone involved creatively of what the best of the show could be.\"",
"title": "Love's Labor Lost (ER)"
},
{
"docid": "177153#23",
"text": "In 1996, Atlantic Records released an album of music from the first two seasons, featuring James Newton Howard's theme from the series in its on-air and full versions, selections from the weekly scores composed by Martin Davich (Howard scored the two-hour pilot, Davich scored all the subsequent episodes and wrote a new theme used from 2006–2009 until the final episode, when Howard's original theme returned) and songs used on the series.\nIn March 2012, Warner Bros. International Television announced that they would sell the format rights to \"ER\" to overseas territories. This allowed foreign countries to produce their own version of the series.",
"title": "ER (TV series)"
},
{
"docid": "177153#1",
"text": "In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In 1990, he published the novel \"Jurassic Park\", and in 1993 began a collaboration with director Steven Spielberg on the film adaptation of the book. Crichton and Spielberg then turned to \"ER\", but decided to film the story as a two-hour pilot for a television series rather than as a feature film. Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment provided John Wells as the show's executive producer. The script used to shoot the pilot was virtually unchanged from what Crichton had written in 1974. The only substantive changes made by the producers in 1994 were that the Susan Lewis character became a woman and the Peter Benton character became African-American, and the running time was shortened by about 20 minutes in order for the pilot to air in a two-hour block on network TV. Because of a lack of time and money necessary to build a set, the pilot episode of \"ER\" was filmed in the former Linda Vista Hospital in Los Angeles, an old facility that had ceased operating in 1990. A set modeled after Los Angeles County General Hospital's emergency room was built soon afterward at the Warner Bros. studios in Burbank, California, although the show makes extensive use of location shoots in Chicago, most notably the city's famous \"L\" train platforms.",
"title": "ER (TV series)"
},
{
"docid": "1340171#8",
"text": "Later in the 1970s, WOR-TV looked towards the United Kingdom for alternative offerings. On September 6, 1976, WOR-TV offered a week of programs from Thames Television during prime time; many of these shows had never before been seen on American television, including the first U.S. telecast of \"The Benny Hill Show\", and an airing of an episode of \"Man About the House\", which would be adapted by ABC as \"Three's Company\" the following year. WOR-TV also aired episodes of the ITV musical drama \"Rock Follies\" and the BBC science-fiction series \"Doctor Who\" during this period. On April 5, 1980, WOR-TV presented \"Japan Tonight!\", a seven-hour block of programs from Japan's Tokyo Broadcasting System, featuring shows that were either dubbed or subtitled in English. During this period, various sports telecasts aired on most nights in prime time, with feature films running on nights where sports did not air under the \"Million Dollar Movie\" banner.",
"title": "WWOR-TV"
},
{
"docid": "49476793#1",
"text": "The idea for the magazine came in 1988, from Editorial Televisa, looking for a magazine focused on young audiences. For presentation campaigned on TV with the usual slogan \"¿Y tú quien eres?\"(\"And who are you?\") with two shades of the first artists to cover the debut. The first issue appeared on September 16, 1988, taking cover Sasha Sökol and Luis Miguel, two of the young stars of the moment. The publication was characterized by putting on the cover two artists (mainly singers, but also actors, athletes and models), most of the time a man and a woman, although there were also the inclusion of entire groups, although initially only put one or two members. Each issue was eagerly awaited by the public, at a time when the Internet did not exist, the magazines were one of the sources to learn more about the favorite artists. During the late 80s, the publication found an important niche and grew. Artists like most of the members of the group Timbiriche appeared in the first covers.",
"title": "Revista ERES"
}
] | [
0.5221502184867859,
0.16457852721214294,
0.00903597753494978,
0.39107999205589294,
-0.19081808626651764,
0.29428377747535706,
0.38418856263160706,
-0.33670321106910706,
0.11483729630708694,
0.2939563989639282,
-0.047909822314977646,
-0.2806341052055359,
-0.2923694849014282,
-0.2513594329357147,
-0.15572287142276764,
0.10298711806535721,
0.3458141088485718,
-0.2040349841117859,
0.008148193359375,
0.27341529726982117,
-0.03460901603102684,
0.7294477820396423,
0.34323951601982117,
0.05826811492443085,
-0.11218538880348206,
-0.06460075080394745,
-0.2572798430919647,
0.21772350370883942,
0.18769975006580353,
0.5361106395721436,
0.2631946802139282,
-0.13029341399669647,
-0.12928910553455353,
0.24363569915294647,
-0.41934481263160706,
0.4453568756580353,
0.11373338103294373,
0.3174493908882141,
0.08391640335321426,
0.33663663268089294,
0.024542028084397316,
-0.07434359192848206,
0.05687089264392853,
0.07242792099714279,
0.4227960705757141,
0.41943359375,
0.039920806884765625,
0.29021385312080383,
-0.19773449003696442,
0.25949373841285706,
-0.5849831104278564,
-0.11561445891857147,
0.09977930039167404,
-0.37417879700660706,
-0.22732266783714294,
0.7657581567764282,
0.2688501477241516,
0.22793856263160706,
-0.33937767148017883,
-0.10369873046875,
0.11454217880964279,
0.17273782193660736,
-0.37351295351982117,
-0.05420546233654022,
0.3851873278617859,
0.4679509997367859,
0.1903020739555359,
-0.004232579842209816,
0.04614231735467911,
0.28456810116767883,
0.14426769316196442,
0.5573286414146423,
0.3969282805919647,
-0.24940074980258942,
-0.17616410553455353,
-0.22114701569080353,
-0.024095015600323677,
0.6904296875,
0.5337358117103577,
-0.47452059388160706,
0.4573419690132141,
-0.029650889337062836,
-0.34067603945732117,
0.10066639631986618,
0.0927020013332367,
0.13304831087589264,
0.056709982454776764,
-0.046234823763370514,
0.22114424407482147,
0.3340398669242859,
0.24619363248348236,
0.05040532723069191,
-0.13785205781459808,
-0.012536481954157352,
0.1992548108100891,
-0.2399236559867859,
0.03253520652651787,
-0.3831676244735718,
0.29366788268089294,
-0.32566139101982117,
0.21785111725330353,
-0.22878751158714294,
0.07998882979154587,
0.29435035586357117,
0.07322554290294647,
-0.49454012513160706,
-0.6136807799339294,
-0.31827059388160706,
0.5354225635528564,
0.2953546643257141,
0.3814697265625,
-0.1441650390625,
0.08229620009660721,
-0.10810990631580353,
-0.035548124462366104,
0.3576771020889282,
0.338775634765625,
-0.09081476181745529,
-0.2517755627632141,
-0.8544034361839294,
0.533203125,
0.6492365002632141,
-0.2015935778617859,
-0.0039829774759709835,
-0.2905939221382141,
-0.19256314635276794,
0.6746715307235718,
-0.29233619570732117,
0.7066761255264282,
0.5334250926971436,
-0.07568290084600449,
0.26157447695732117,
-0.10569069534540176,
0.6829723119735718,
0.2693426012992859,
-0.12417186051607132,
0.24235396087169647,
-0.07494007796049118,
0.06784681975841522,
-0.2335149645805359,
-0.2877086400985718,
-0.016745828092098236,
0.3532603979110718,
0.5797230005264282,
-0.20088888704776764,
0.34530362486839294,
0.0012858997797593474,
0.6045809388160706,
0.17305685579776764,
0.35256126523017883,
0.3496870696544647,
0.16183610260486603,
0.035809408873319626,
0.2388250231742859,
-0.06793559342622757,
-0.0954132080078125,
0.5367764830589294,
0.3123224377632141,
0.0055391136556863785,
0.11954151839017868,
0.7159090638160706,
0.4066717028617859,
-0.26271751523017883,
-0.165802001953125,
-0.14100924134254456,
0.07812751084566116,
0.05465073883533478,
0.3587757349014282,
0.38889381289482117,
-0.29508277773857117,
-0.3510298430919647,
-0.1733453869819641,
0.34488192200660706,
-0.20736417174339294,
0.12250518798828125,
-0.043336693197488785,
-0.4210205078125,
0.14116182923316956,
0.06511341780424118,
-0.02432909794151783,
0.04983104392886162,
0.3176935315132141,
0.3687189221382141,
-0.14140935242176056,
0.48892489075660706,
0.19826993346214294,
0.4187566637992859,
-0.1362054944038391,
-0.04428568854928017,
0.20583829283714294,
0.3234308362007141,
-0.021910233423113823,
0.6202725768089294,
0.19850297272205353,
-0.4458451569080353,
0.09790594130754471,
-0.2464849352836609,
0.12788252532482147,
-0.06643018126487732,
-0.028040973469614983,
-0.35672274231910706,
-0.08123502135276794,
-0.6763139367103577,
-0.011271043680608273,
0.5000221729278564,
-0.2646040618419647,
-0.17947664856910706,
0.7000621557235718,
-0.01592046581208706,
0.0012408170150592923,
0.21063232421875,
0.0861743614077568,
0.14474071562290192,
0.16289831697940826,
-0.2659912109375,
0.4874378442764282,
0.28330162167549133,
-0.24654388427734375,
0.3841441869735718,
0.19698819518089294,
-0.18827681243419647,
0.30801668763160706,
-0.30636319518089294,
0.11261263489723206,
0.02083301544189453,
-0.24947825074195862,
-0.15126730501651764,
-0.4715687036514282,
0.11537308990955353,
0.26523658633232117,
0.49240943789482117,
0.38861083984375,
-0.23128995299339294,
-0.4254039525985718,
-0.0885089561343193,
0.1656494140625,
0.25982943177223206,
-0.30618563294410706,
-0.24756969511508942,
-0.25888338685035706,
0.24778054654598236,
0.12158203125,
-0.11452969908714294,
0.24404074251651764,
0.25498268008232117,
-0.14645108580589294,
0.5345348119735718,
0.09972381591796875,
-0.37606534361839294,
-0.2469482421875,
-0.049539219588041306,
-0.18357640504837036,
0.14177218079566956,
0.2789972424507141,
-0.3440496325492859,
0.01454214658588171,
0.08578214049339294,
-0.014952226541936398,
-0.2891956567764282,
0.26125267148017883,
0.4365067780017853,
-0.1770862191915512,
0.2971302270889282,
0.5643199682235718,
-0.060200657695531845,
0.012830561026930809,
0.1282293200492859,
0.5456321239471436,
-0.02166704647243023,
0.4486638903617859,
0.5170232653617859,
0.012454292736947536,
0.28439053893089294,
0.3818151354789734,
-0.16859574615955353,
0.0032924304250627756,
-0.07917352020740509,
0.28811922669410706,
-0.12351018935441971,
0.48732689023017883,
0.11995211243629456,
0.010125593282282352,
-0.05556696280837059,
0.05982346832752228,
0.6817293763160706,
0.3115067780017853,
-0.31332674622535706,
0.11943253874778748,
-0.09715132415294647,
-0.09824302047491074,
0.2999933362007141,
0.42764559388160706,
-0.1955108642578125,
-0.17848777770996094,
0.01475750282406807,
0.24345675110816956,
-0.03035944141447544,
-0.30431297421455383,
0.01902190037071705,
-0.21109841763973236,
0.3511407971382141,
-0.4125532805919647,
0.47265625,
0.7795188426971436,
-0.052859220653772354,
-0.1015777587890625,
-0.20118851959705353,
0.09700220078229904,
-0.23891378939151764,
0.13286660611629486,
0.7565252184867859,
-0.4864058196544647,
-0.0012926622293889523,
0.308349609375,
0.39845970273017883,
0.40016868710517883,
0.16471724212169647,
0.028011668473482132,
0.6398481726646423,
0.1457574963569641,
-0.15417896211147308,
-0.22885964810848236,
-0.2725830078125,
0.022696148604154587,
0.09684891998767853,
-0.32199928164482117,
0.2441961169242859,
-0.32363060116767883,
0.2732793688774109,
-0.14217723906040192,
0.2597101330757141,
0.07127796858549118,
-0.10075655579566956,
-0.2401178479194641,
-0.15715442597866058,
0.2453557848930359,
0.02423858642578125,
0.7242986559867859,
-0.16591019928455353,
-0.2038518786430359,
0.21596179902553558,
-0.02423650585114956,
-0.05832507461309433,
0.4642888903617859,
-0.1377008557319641,
-0.2319391369819641,
-0.024563876911997795,
-0.11107566207647324,
0.25344017148017883,
-0.16642068326473236,
0.24937854707241058,
0.07467859238386154,
-0.013873707503080368,
0.082733154296875,
-0.024847550317645073,
0.6191184520721436,
0.4332830309867859,
0.032744668424129486,
0.07899821549654007,
-0.18102194368839264,
0.10257790237665176,
0.17234940826892853,
-0.16770242154598236,
0.09556163102388382,
0.3590642809867859,
0.20598532259464264,
-0.0875140130519867,
0.31424781680107117,
0.09639809280633926,
-0.13344937562942505,
0.321533203125,
-0.19068388640880585,
0.5199085474014282,
0.09903717041015625,
-0.30355557799339294,
-0.2376154065132141,
-0.15446887910366058,
0.3576798737049103,
0.5556862354278564,
0.17326216399669647,
0.4141956567764282,
0.43115234375,
0.11215487122535706,
-0.026218760758638382,
-0.5344904065132141,
0.017099207267165184,
-0.48073509335517883,
-0.34743431210517883,
0.07999905943870544,
-0.05407298728823662,
-0.0052359323017299175,
0.031075390055775642,
-0.11337626725435257,
0.29330721497535706,
-0.6479713916778564,
-0.1735174059867859,
0.09917519241571426,
-0.021854747086763382,
0.3594415783882141,
0.26712313294410706,
-0.15285421907901764,
0.3655450940132141,
0.13962624967098236,
0.5442782044410706,
4.254971504211426,
0.3760875463485718,
0.13017411530017853,
0.1660747528076172,
-0.356689453125,
-0.17039142549037933,
0.5129838585853577,
-0.3632035553455353,
0.28867408633232117,
-0.114715576171875,
-0.056704435497522354,
-0.17020486295223236,
-0.11023226380348206,
-0.06919028609991074,
-0.11250166594982147,
0.0687890499830246,
0.4234064221382141,
-0.0008400353253819048,
0.5821866393089294,
0.2972855865955353,
-0.423583984375,
0.7053444385528564,
0.20994983613491058,
0.04452063888311386,
0.10957475006580353,
-0.2745805084705353,
0.15830300748348236,
0.0308380126953125,
0.10250022262334824,
0.24119983613491058,
0.1709807962179184,
-0.07290025055408478,
-0.03970753028988838,
-0.2229083627462387,
-0.6365855932235718,
0.5088334679603577,
0.16665926575660706,
0.09058033674955368,
-0.005277113523334265,
0.1467493176460266,
-0.4675736725330353,
0.044509194791316986,
0.31503018736839294,
0.31857022643089294,
0.6269975304603577,
-0.019464492797851562,
0.46304598450660706,
0.4356578588485718,
-0.08324258774518967,
-0.2439020276069641,
0.4867054224014282,
-0.1562749743461609,
-0.03912977874279022,
-0.06685291975736618,
0.28586646914482117,
0.47751685976982117,
-0.06786692887544632,
0.42665794491767883,
-0.24387429654598236,
-0.2022705078125,
0.08064408600330353,
-0.1605987548828125,
0.4066661596298218,
0.12410493195056915,
-0.039634011685848236,
0.03900493308901787,
-0.17452169954776764,
0.002410888671875,
0.3291112780570984,
0.04112677276134491,
0.2861328125,
0.3798828125,
0.3106522858142853,
-0.357421875,
0.4755415618419647,
-0.09111542999744415,
-0.27389803528785706,
0.23125110566616058,
0.052412208169698715,
0.16584916412830353,
0.17751936614513397,
0.1264703869819641,
0.04744599014520645,
0.06848976761102676,
-0.15633878111839294,
0.44534578919410706,
0.37606534361839294,
-0.024882923811674118,
0.4346368908882141,
0.20005936920642853,
0.24406294524669647,
-0.04637596756219864,
0.17829756438732147,
-0.21504350006580353,
0.3097589612007141,
0.19783158600330353,
-0.3487977981567383,
-3.971235752105713,
-0.04903446510434151,
0.006932692136615515,
0.4400745630264282,
-0.0072070034220814705,
0.04357390105724335,
-0.1270696520805359,
0.6488592028617859,
-0.059224214404821396,
-0.42751243710517883,
-0.2920129895210266,
0.3875843286514282,
-0.05752914771437645,
0.7545276880264282,
0.454345703125,
0.06268449127674103,
0.17519308626651764,
-0.06040816009044647,
0.3051202893257141,
-0.10237538069486618,
0.20998868346214294,
-0.3447210192680359,
0.6235795617103577,
-0.47128018736839294,
-0.00982943456619978,
0.00533918896690011,
0.3625377416610718,
-0.13645242154598236,
-0.5163130164146423,
0.15850552916526794,
-0.17662464082241058,
-0.2598211169242859,
0.4806019067764282,
-0.02879125438630581,
-0.12715426087379456,
0.1331244558095932,
0.5821866393089294,
0.2871537506580353,
0.61572265625,
0.18984292447566986,
-0.15280428528785706,
0.4293323755264282,
0.3832342028617859,
0.06875956803560257,
0.34121981263160706,
0.26626864075660706,
-0.14024768769741058,
0.15291109681129456,
0.05819407477974892,
-0.0061617763713002205,
0.2310236096382141,
0.3451482653617859,
0.040161654353141785,
0.08220282196998596,
0.3886274993419647,
-0.06357496231794357,
0.30690696835517883,
0.025925636291503906,
0.3024236559867859,
0.3130659759044647,
0.17815051972866058,
-0.28732022643089294,
0.15421919524669647,
0.113800048828125,
-0.13679088652133942,
-0.18386563658714294,
0.09520860016345978,
-0.032134316861629486,
0.003173828125,
-0.39840906858444214,
0.2530406713485718,
0.15281400084495544,
0.362548828125,
-0.28781405091285706,
0.17356733977794647,
0.3436390161514282,
-0.03251093253493309,
0.024780966341495514,
0.4509943127632141,
0.42514869570732117,
-0.4983575940132141,
-0.12605978548526764,
-0.4381880462169647,
0.36582252383232117,
2.4228515625,
0.128814697265625,
2.241654872894287,
0.14231179654598236,
0.17513622343540192,
0.38698509335517883,
0.14298318326473236,
0.18115234375,
0.053971003741025925,
0.02595624141395092,
-0.05258941650390625,
-0.07639937102794647,
0.1401422619819641,
0.10946378111839294,
-0.09254039078950882,
-0.026779694482684135,
0.27743253111839294,
-0.9466441869735718,
0.1077117919921875,
-0.5547762513160706,
0.43650123476982117,
0.155548095703125,
-0.2757013440132141,
-0.007198333740234375,
-0.09649727493524551,
-0.039784517139196396,
0.07031527161598206,
-0.23915793001651764,
0.3585759997367859,
-0.49649325013160706,
-0.39907005429267883,
0.20326441526412964,
0.30020418763160706,
-0.24329446256160736,
0.24344149231910706,
0.18574662506580353,
0.03501146659255028,
4.691051006317139,
0.40987882018089294,
-0.1260833740234375,
-0.19627796113491058,
0.3650346100330353,
0.03951887786388397,
0.4916548430919647,
0.24648770689964294,
0.04044896736741066,
0.22596845030784607,
0.24822859466075897,
0.5091441869735718,
0.16327805817127228,
0.15810324251651764,
0.3485218286514282,
0.22438187897205353,
-0.15591707825660706,
0.25802889466285706,
0.2035467028617859,
0.45889559388160706,
0.07120504975318909,
0.31198951601982117,
0.12997852265834808,
-0.10265662521123886,
-0.06901411712169647,
0.13222932815551758,
-0.040598783642053604,
-0.12983287870883942,
0.02484338916838169,
0.208251953125,
0.04533247649669647,
5.435014247894287,
0.30287379026412964,
0.016625838354229927,
-0.19423605501651764,
-0.3024125397205353,
0.18168501555919647,
-0.23600630462169647,
0.5220170617103577,
-0.3166614770889282,
-0.061741914600133896,
-0.162445068359375,
0.32228782773017883,
-0.15705455839633942,
0.2779291272163391,
-0.08448652923107147,
0.2573685944080353,
-0.11458241194486618,
-0.010553533211350441,
-0.042799171060323715,
0.18784262239933014,
0.6792879700660706,
0.2532515227794647,
0.10316328704357147,
-0.2654252350330353,
-0.1541387438774109,
0.12189275771379471,
-0.39111328125,
0.07291481643915176,
0.114105224609375,
0.11235809326171875,
0.3529829680919647,
0.294921875,
-0.04412494972348213,
0.16475607454776764,
-0.4505566656589508,
0.22352184355258942,
0.368408203125,
0.14484891295433044,
0.15731534361839294,
-0.3327747583389282,
0.3213445544242859,
0.2122039794921875,
-0.31607332825660706,
0.10199442505836487,
-0.22230876982212067,
-0.004242636729031801,
-0.19562600553035736,
0.08545268326997757,
-0.07447537779808044,
0.16661487519741058,
0.08442475646734238,
0.08304353058338165,
1.2008167505264282,
0.23221658170223236,
-0.04474639892578125,
0.3151411712169647,
0.09925010055303574,
0.18185009062290192,
-0.33651456236839294,
-0.16869869828224182,
0.48275479674339294,
-0.05338842049241066,
0.13089405000209808,
0.4494518041610718,
0.4320845305919647,
0.2225397229194641,
-0.1432592272758484,
0.005106145516037941,
0.25502708554267883,
-0.11723951995372772,
0.13629427552223206,
-0.3628983795642853,
0.019944624975323677,
0.056979093700647354,
-0.23552079498767853,
0.3016357421875,
0.43912020325660706,
-0.13634143769741058,
-0.10972413420677185,
-0.11445184051990509,
0.0011763139627873898,
0.013385426253080368,
-0.3479447662830353,
-0.006362047977745533,
0.3027232885360718,
-0.03931635245680809,
-0.07498359680175781,
0.14908947050571442,
0.6471723914146423,
-0.040779806673526764,
0.061711397022008896,
-0.015519575215876102,
0.21358628571033478,
0.5723987817764282,
-0.23633922636508942,
-0.05343766510486603,
0.5941938757896423,
0.22821044921875,
0.34579190611839294,
0.06816170364618301,
-0.20853891968727112,
-0.006750280037522316,
0.1453302502632141,
0.06758325546979904,
0.37717506289482117,
0.045188382267951965,
0.16020618379116058,
-0.12476556748151779,
-0.08362093567848206,
-0.10367792099714279,
0.34474876523017883,
0.04456676170229912,
-0.35917872190475464,
0.015800822526216507,
-0.13609175384044647
] |
129 | When did Machen publish The Great God Pan? | [
{
"docid": "2990439#0",
"text": "The Great God Pan is a horror and fantasy novella by Welsh writer Arthur Machen. Machen was inspired to write \"The Great God Pan\" by his experiences at the ruins of a pagan temple in Wales. What would become the first chapter of the novella was published in the magazine \"The Whirlwind\" in 1890. Machen later extended \"The Great God Pan\" and it was published as a book alongside another story, \"The Inmost Light\", in 1894. The novella begins with an experiment to allow a woman named Mary to see the supernatural world. This is followed by an account of a series of mysterious happenings and deaths over many years surrounding a woman named Helen Vaughan. At the end, the heroes confront Helen and force her to kill herself. She undergoes a series of supernatural transformations before dying and she is revealed to be the child of Mary and the god Pan.",
"title": "The Great God Pan"
},
{
"docid": "38293#6",
"text": "Around 1890 Machen began to publish in literary magazines, writing stories influenced by the works of Robert Louis Stevenson, some of which used gothic or fantastic themes. This led to his first major success, \"The Great God Pan\". It was published in 1894 by John Lane in the noted Keynotes Series, which was part of the growing aesthetic movement of the time. Machen's story was widely denounced for its sexual and horrific content and consequently sold well, going into a second edition.",
"title": "Arthur Machen"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "2990439#9",
"text": "What is now the first chapter of the novella was published in 1890 in a magazine called \"The Whirlwind\", while what is now the third chapter of the book was published in the same magazine the following year as a standalone short story called \"The City of Resurrections\". Machen only viewed the two works as connected after they were finished. Once he decided the two stories were connected, Machen wrote the rest of \"The Great God Pan\" in a single evening save for its final chapter. Machen did not think of an ending for the tale for months, and in that time believed that the novella would remain unfinished forever. The last chapter was completed in June 1891. Machen sent the novella to the publisher Blackwood, who rejected it, deeming it a clever story that \"shrink[s]...from the central idea.\" It was accepted by John Lane and published in 1894. When published as a book, \"The Great God Pan\" was accompanied by another Machen tale called \"The Inmost Light\" which also features a mad scientist and elements of science fiction. The book's cover was illustrated by Aubrey Beardsley.",
"title": "The Great God Pan"
},
{
"docid": "2990439#13",
"text": "In a review of the novella for \"Black Gate\", Matthew David Surridge hypothesized that Machen took inspiration from Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein\" (1818) in his portrayal of Dr. Raymond as a mad scientist akin to Victor Frankenstein. The works of Robert Louis Stevenson, especially his 1886 novella \"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde\", were among Machen's most significant influences when writing \"The Great God Pan\". Critic John Gawsworth also sees Machen's novella as reminiscent of the horror stories of Edgar Allan Poe and Sheridan Le Fanu. Aaron Worth noted similitude between the death of Helen Vaughan and the theories of alchemist Thomas Vaughan, who is the character's namesake and Helen's disintegration recalls the alchemical concept of the prima materia. John C. Tibbetts observes similarities between Helen Vaughan and Ayesha, the sexually liberated demonic priestess from H. Rider Haggard's \"\" (1886). Machen wrote that several critics felt that Joris-Karl Huysmans's novels \"À rebours\" (1884) and \"Là-bas\" (1891) had inspired \"The Great God Pan\", though he did not read either book until after \"Pan\" was published. Upon reading the two novels, Machen concluded that \"my critics had not read them either.\"",
"title": "The Great God Pan"
},
{
"docid": "2990439#22",
"text": "\"The Great God Pan\" was highly influential on the circle of writers around H. P. Lovecraft. The structure of Machen's story influenced the structure of Lovecraft's \"The Call of Cthulhu\" (1928). \"Pan\"s depiction of a monstrous half-human hybrid inspired the plot of Lovecraft’s \"The Dunwich Horror\" (1929), which refers to Machen’s novella by name. According to Lovecraft scholar Robert M. Price, \"The Dunwich Horror' is in every sense an homage to Machen and even a pastiche. There is little in Lovecraft's wonderful story that does not come directly out of Machen's fiction.\" \"Pan\" also inspired Lovecraft to create his character Nodens who appears most prominently in \"The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath\" (1943).",
"title": "The Great God Pan"
},
{
"docid": "2990439#17",
"text": "\"The Great God Pan\" implied sexuality caused a scandal upon its original release and hurt Machen's reputation as an author. Reviewing the novella for the magazine \"Literary News\", Richard Henry Stoddard criticised the story as \"too morbid to be the production of a healthy mind\". The art critic Harry Quilter's review of the book, titled \"The Gospel of Intensity\", and published in \"The Contemporary Review\" in June 1895, was even more harsh. Quilter declared: \"The Great God Pan' is, I have no hesitation in saying, a perfectly abominable story, in which the author has spared no endeavor to suggest loathsomeness and horror which he describes as beyond the reach of words.\" Quilter warned that Machen's books were a dangerous threat to the entire British public and that they would destroy readers' sanities and senses of morality. Quilter went on to attack the story's publisher, John Lane, as well as Machen himself: \"Why should he be allowed, for the sake of a few miserable pounds, to cast into our midst these monstrous creations of his diseased brain?\" Quilter added that works of fiction like Machen's should be unanimously condemned by literary critics and newspapers: \"If the Press was so disposed it could stamp out such art and fiction in a few months: And that disposition must be acquired, must even be enforced.\" He was particularly harsh in his denunciation of sexual ambiguity and polymorphous androgyny in the book. He expressed revulsion at Machen's description of Helen's sex changing immediately before her death and concluded his review with a comment of distaste regarding the \"nasty little naked figure of dubious sex and humanity with which Mr. Aubrey Beardsley has prefaced the story\". A positive appraisal of the novella came from Oscar Wilde, who called it \"un succès fou.\"",
"title": "The Great God Pan"
},
{
"docid": "1763283#5",
"text": "In 1897, Toulet received a copy of \"The Great God Pan\" by Arthur Machen from a friend and he translated it the following year, as \"Le Grand Dieu Pan\". It was published in \"La Plume\" in 1901 but went unnoticed except for Maeterlinck's reaction \"...combining the traditional and scientific fantastic genres, it hits both our memories and hopes\". Toulet engaged a correspondence with Machen and visited him in London.",
"title": "Paul-Jean Toulet"
},
{
"docid": "2990439#12",
"text": "This story had particular resonance with Victorian literary audiences. In 1844, Elizabeth Barrett Browning wrote her poem \"The Dead Pan\", an adaption of Plutarch's story which insisted that proper Christian literature should abandon Greek mythology, with each stanza ending in the words \"Pan, Pan is dead.\" As a member of the Decadent movement, Machen sought to subvert traditional themes and transgress literary boundaries, an agenda which made Pan a particularly appealing figure. The title of \"The Great God Pan\" appears to have been specifically derived from the Browning's later poem \"A Musical Instrument\" (1862), in which the first line of every stanza ends with the words \"the great god Pan\". Machen's use of Pan in the novella may have also been influenced by Robert Louis Stevenson's essay \"\" (1878) and Algernon Charles Swinburne's poem \"\" (1894), in which Pan is portrayed as the \"emblem of the delicious combination of ecstasy and terror.\"",
"title": "The Great God Pan"
},
{
"docid": "2990439#24",
"text": "According to film historians Keith McDonald and Roger Clark, Mexican film director Guillermo del Toro's portrayal of the faun in his 2006 dark fantasy film \"Pan's Labyrinth\" was inspired by the \"ambivalent and possibly dangerous\" portrayals of Pan in late Victorian and early Edwardian novels, including Machen's \"The Great God Pan\" and \"Pan's Garden\" (1912) by Algernon Blackwood. Del Toro deliberately chose to imitate the darker, more sinister fauns of Machen and Blackwood rather than the \"sweetly domesticated figure\" of Mr. Tumnus from C. S. Lewis's \"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\" (1950). The original title of the film in Spanish is \"El Laberinto del Fauno\" (\"The Labyrinth of the Faun\"), but the English title \"Pan's Labyrinth\" emphasizes the connection between del Toro's film and the body of late nineteenth-century writings about Pan, including \"The Great God Pan\".",
"title": "The Great God Pan"
},
{
"docid": "2990439#1",
"text": "On publication, it was widely denounced by the press as degenerate and horrific because of its implied sexual content, and the novella hurt Machen's reputation as an author. Beginning in the 1920s, Machen's work was critically re-evaluated and \"The Great God Pan\" has since garnered a reputation as a classic of horror. Literary critics have noted the influence of other nineteenth-century authors on \"The Great God Pan\" and offered differing opinions on whether or not it can be considered an example of Gothic fiction or science fiction. The novella has influenced the work of horror writers such as Bram Stoker, H. P. Lovecraft, and Stephen King, and has been adapted for the stage twice.",
"title": "The Great God Pan"
}
] | [
0.4710249602794647,
-0.2402087152004242,
-0.17422208189964294,
0.2860551178455353,
0.06648843735456467,
-0.3571000397205353,
0.3147638440132141,
-0.25528231263160706,
-0.012161601334810257,
0.20338578522205353,
-0.14318431913852692,
-0.34671297669410706,
-0.1567327380180359,
-0.16673709452152252,
-0.008602488785982132,
-0.07525496184825897,
0.26165771484375,
0.058448098599910736,
0.2218683362007141,
0.09716796875,
0.006345228757709265,
0.33975496888160706,
-0.23898038268089294,
0.039242830127477646,
-0.3073286712169647,
0.19951976835727692,
-0.16537337005138397,
0.34323951601982117,
0.2840631604194641,
0.5419477820396423,
0.4591175317764282,
-0.223388671875,
0.3915904760360718,
0.36474609375,
-0.4091630280017853,
0.4251819849014282,
-0.0786968544125557,
0.1799982190132141,
0.5118519067764282,
-0.06831498444080353,
0.25539329648017883,
0.3891157805919647,
0.34463778138160706,
-0.5055486559867859,
0.5237482190132141,
0.40964576601982117,
0.3559681177139282,
0.09834150969982147,
-0.24249683320522308,
0.08711104094982147,
-0.7511985301971436,
-0.022561507299542427,
-0.17411665618419647,
-0.3658558130264282,
-0.4536798596382141,
-0.09679829329252243,
-0.48488548398017883,
0.6414018273353577,
-0.4229847192764282,
0.04727797210216522,
-0.005986994132399559,
0.12134898453950882,
-0.45589932799339294,
-0.2694757580757141,
0.18365478515625,
0.021599076688289642,
-0.08024180680513382,
0.3056196868419647,
0.4508167505264282,
0.08600477874279022,
-0.04270206764340401,
0.4384765625,
0.6181640625,
0.08447196334600449,
-0.3406926989555359,
-0.1010211631655693,
0.08058305084705353,
0.5905539989471436,
0.18191805481910706,
0.05193120613694191,
0.42093726992607117,
-0.08095204085111618,
-0.17658303678035736,
-0.15031294524669647,
-0.4643110930919647,
0.2779984772205353,
-0.07495186477899551,
0.10465586930513382,
0.02072698436677456,
0.3618829846382141,
-0.07319779694080353,
-0.13232144713401794,
-0.12005338072776794,
0.2665259540081024,
0.07986173033714294,
0.43160733580589294,
0.1339239627122879,
-1.010298252105713,
-0.12354347854852676,
0.051644064486026764,
0.11722009629011154,
-0.32568359375,
-0.027431141585111618,
0.10420088469982147,
0.37283602356910706,
-0.24208761751651764,
-0.2515549957752228,
0.11803852766752243,
0.3863580822944641,
0.4113880395889282,
-0.07251548767089844,
-0.6327237486839294,
0.19484086334705353,
0.1754510998725891,
0.41787996888160706,
-0.10683371871709824,
0.574496865272522,
-0.3916570544242859,
-0.19477705657482147,
-0.7039905786514282,
0.5425470471382141,
0.4876819849014282,
-0.2577098608016968,
-0.021838795393705368,
0.3001292943954468,
-0.3352827727794647,
0.5619229674339294,
-0.14181241393089294,
0.6363636255264282,
0.117919921875,
0.018604625016450882,
0.013850819319486618,
0.7798850536346436,
0.6978426575660706,
0.5606356263160706,
0.26869896054267883,
0.27862825989723206,
0.06339021027088165,
-0.4680952727794647,
-0.25194481015205383,
-0.2822765111923218,
-0.08465576171875,
0.6285289525985718,
0.6882990002632141,
-0.3195911645889282,
0.04619702324271202,
0.07016407698392868,
0.3169694244861603,
0.38821688294410706,
0.34969815611839294,
0.2828480005264282,
0.18416525423526764,
0.027553904801607132,
0.5856046080589294,
-0.10824792832136154,
0.5496049523353577,
0.3704833984375,
0.21401700377464294,
-0.5409934520721436,
0.4315851330757141,
0.6946688294410706,
0.2681884765625,
-0.24315573275089264,
-0.3710382580757141,
0.20180997252464294,
0.15207672119140625,
-0.18638922274112701,
0.2722944915294647,
0.45938387513160706,
-0.13466574251651764,
-0.21284069120883942,
-0.04692216217517853,
-0.06294476240873337,
-0.4222967028617859,
-0.33487215638160706,
0.4614701569080353,
-0.38339510560035706,
-0.43350496888160706,
-0.15278902649879456,
-0.006114612799137831,
-0.2353460192680359,
0.059075094759464264,
0.7686434388160706,
0.19327059388160706,
0.7090731263160706,
0.32491788268089294,
0.15383633971214294,
-0.23484663665294647,
-0.26834383606910706,
0.22065319120883942,
0.5746848583221436,
-0.10010840743780136,
0.9066938757896423,
-0.13505969941616058,
-0.2803974151611328,
0.4056507349014282,
-0.034735940396785736,
0.2575516998767853,
0.13758087158203125,
0.5284978747367859,
-0.6640846729278564,
0.07264744490385056,
-0.14304976165294647,
0.086700439453125,
0.7591441869735718,
-0.4579634368419647,
0.03442174568772316,
0.14047379791736603,
-0.3567338287830353,
0.16119107604026794,
0.061859130859375,
0.17348410189151764,
0.15668834745883942,
0.34896019101142883,
0.05563978850841522,
0.24051180481910706,
-0.025652972981333733,
-0.14497514069080353,
0.4892578125,
-0.03680272400379181,
-0.1074066162109375,
0.4159046411514282,
0.2034246325492859,
-0.0018079931614920497,
0.17671065032482147,
-0.21138416230678558,
-0.4636341333389282,
-0.24777065217494965,
0.1249133050441742,
0.5494051575660706,
0.5012428760528564,
0.19044910371303558,
0.29104891419410706,
0.2886602282524109,
0.03366504982113838,
0.4173583984375,
0.26388826966285706,
0.30398836731910706,
0.15988020598888397,
0.004891135264188051,
0.36214932799339294,
-0.47328880429267883,
-0.3125166594982147,
0.1989080309867859,
0.38155850768089294,
0.14022411406040192,
0.014781605452299118,
0.2981622815132141,
-0.09697792679071426,
-0.01961534656584263,
0.043612394481897354,
-0.19427213072776794,
0.06653802841901779,
-0.06746049225330353,
-0.3286798596382141,
-0.005034707020968199,
0.2537703216075897,
-0.32650479674339294,
-0.14354254305362701,
-0.07326021790504456,
0.6768465638160706,
0.8080610632896423,
0.2598876953125,
0.4865056872367859,
-0.3137983977794647,
-0.23078502714633942,
0.3341619372367859,
0.6193181872367859,
-0.12132401764392853,
0.7246981263160706,
0.6458185315132141,
0.3275964856147766,
0.3429620862007141,
0.1441650390625,
-0.46444424986839294,
0.04033869132399559,
0.1279747635126114,
-0.27914151549339294,
-0.3497758209705353,
-0.22753490507602692,
0.508056640625,
0.310791015625,
-0.3729358911514282,
0.33077171444892883,
0.2823486328125,
0.11708762496709824,
-0.17779956758022308,
-0.4601384997367859,
-0.06559336930513382,
-0.11069834977388382,
0.4863947033882141,
0.34920987486839294,
0.00673536816611886,
-0.9190784692764282,
-0.22112664580345154,
-0.14481423795223236,
0.31884765625,
-0.11017762869596481,
0.04210975021123886,
-0.20630992949008942,
0.3567394018173218,
-0.8446378111839294,
0.20542491972446442,
0.06386774033308029,
0.21942138671875,
-0.2080022692680359,
-0.4775224030017853,
0.2350103259086609,
0.19578136503696442,
0.06490672379732132,
0.7614302039146423,
-0.5640535950660706,
0.028798364102840424,
0.10895884782075882,
0.1802728772163391,
0.4459061920642853,
0.050290193408727646,
-0.03891962394118309,
0.2322179675102234,
0.04495100677013397,
0.03989548981189728,
-0.28113576769828796,
-0.5234596729278564,
-0.05121959373354912,
0.3113236725330353,
-0.210174560546875,
0.2334344983100891,
-0.2788196802139282,
0.7507102489471436,
-0.1382806897163391,
0.3942094147205353,
-0.043087005615234375,
0.4430042505264282,
-0.1578216552734375,
-0.3561900854110718,
0.05943645164370537,
0.14753584563732147,
1.0984553098678589,
0.23446793854236603,
-0.2344970703125,
-0.05707203224301338,
-0.0807262733578682,
0.096771240234375,
0.4447798430919647,
0.4012562036514282,
0.16981922090053558,
-0.030403830111026764,
-0.04451127350330353,
-0.0066882045939564705,
0.2634166479110718,
-0.1476343274116516,
-0.07005171477794647,
0.08340731263160706,
-0.22822709381580353,
0.2505950927734375,
0.4691571295261383,
0.7541282176971436,
0.8306995630264282,
0.07649924606084824,
-0.14534689486026764,
0.3683527112007141,
0.10207748413085938,
0.4491077661514282,
0.22503939270973206,
0.15269331634044647,
-0.21935687959194183,
-0.09125310927629471,
-0.2657983899116516,
0.1338050216436386,
-0.19562044739723206,
0.04443220794200897,
0.5233709216117859,
-0.4291881322860718,
0.07114479690790176,
-0.33902254700660706,
0.023772500455379486,
-0.22601318359375,
0.580810546875,
0.3104358911514282,
-0.08522727340459824,
0.23642800748348236,
0.6095747351646423,
-0.03672894462943077,
0.1740667223930359,
-0.47760009765625,
-0.054806794971227646,
-0.09189189225435257,
0.03875177726149559,
0.21317221224308014,
0.14177218079566956,
0.49014559388160706,
-0.1310480237007141,
-0.3206676244735718,
-0.035575173795223236,
-0.33168724179267883,
0.1817224621772766,
0.3250177502632141,
0.015448830090463161,
0.2359619140625,
-0.15776477754116058,
0.07795438170433044,
0.6002530455589294,
0.5200861096382141,
0.21158669888973236,
4.060191631317139,
-0.3623490631580353,
0.4342595934867859,
-0.21330676972866058,
-0.4263139069080353,
0.16279272735118866,
0.04066051170229912,
-0.3183295428752899,
0.07849398255348206,
0.018191510811448097,
-0.06057877838611603,
-0.0003402016300242394,
-0.06738627701997757,
0.4276233911514282,
-0.12460535019636154,
0.34629127383232117,
0.4412398040294647,
0.03079674392938614,
-0.5050825476646423,
0.2780650854110718,
-0.07077234238386154,
0.1827947497367859,
0.41404029726982117,
-0.033701810985803604,
0.4087579846382141,
-0.2883744537830353,
-0.09158377349376678,
-0.09966485947370529,
0.45034512877464294,
0.30672940611839294,
0.5342018604278564,
-0.4304310083389282,
0.12589333951473236,
0.21281848847866058,
-0.9537020325660706,
-0.13077059388160706,
0.19753195345401764,
0.13097311556339264,
-0.04908544197678566,
0.04824031516909599,
-0.2821155786514282,
-0.1888982653617859,
-0.33657559752464294,
0.3332075774669647,
0.3896928131580353,
-0.21816878020763397,
0.35146263241767883,
0.36325904726982117,
0.20325817167758942,
0.025401722639799118,
-0.072357177734375,
-0.15334077179431915,
-0.34828880429267883,
-0.09621082991361618,
0.5927068591117859,
0.4199662506580353,
0.0816698968410492,
0.3653120696544647,
0.011261680163443089,
0.5014981627464294,
0.18164478242397308,
-0.1375371813774109,
0.4794921875,
0.05184035003185272,
0.017962368205189705,
-0.218994140625,
-0.1520538330078125,
0.43619051575660706,
0.3325750231742859,
-0.4212854504585266,
0.5969460010528564,
0.4141290783882141,
0.1429443359375,
-0.30361106991767883,
-0.07410777360200882,
0.24324174225330353,
-0.32965087890625,
0.0633392333984375,
-0.12942089140415192,
-0.054473876953125,
0.31394264101982117,
-0.13881058990955353,
0.30770596861839294,
0.3286243677139282,
0.06284470856189728,
0.46573153138160706,
0.10417695343494415,
0.1089886724948883,
0.1530505120754242,
-0.10171473771333694,
0.20564408600330353,
0.32035133242607117,
0.43015357851982117,
0.3093705475330353,
0.1636297106742859,
0.13981837034225464,
0.08247514069080353,
-3.8971946239471436,
0.0637630969285965,
0.3057417571544647,
-0.03360748291015625,
0.3283247649669647,
0.25030517578125,
0.5976118445396423,
0.2124176025390625,
-0.435546875,
0.3568115234375,
0.027376001700758934,
-0.06890730559825897,
-0.2590442895889282,
0.45279207825660706,
0.3532548248767853,
-0.04769481346011162,
-0.4126642346382141,
0.18588533997535706,
0.2981400787830353,
0.07304035872220993,
-0.208251953125,
-0.41553011536598206,
0.6554509997367859,
0.0012082186294719577,
0.6784446239471436,
-0.30331143736839294,
0.06733287125825882,
-0.29941627383232117,
0.06911260634660721,
0.3352550268173218,
-0.27490234375,
-0.02692621387541294,
0.5673384070396423,
-0.03962915763258934,
0.42336204648017883,
0.1614990234375,
0.5028409361839294,
-0.3311323821544647,
-0.08941026031970978,
0.21543051302433014,
-0.6728071570396423,
0.10553533583879471,
0.33536043763160706,
-0.09454622864723206,
0.15225358307361603,
0.6051025390625,
-0.3661443591117859,
0.28708717226982117,
0.12057217955589294,
0.25604525208473206,
0.436279296875,
0.37917259335517883,
-0.17139920592308044,
-0.22958096861839294,
0.5770374536514282,
-0.3287561535835266,
-0.22054065763950348,
-0.1737566888332367,
0.15713778138160706,
0.20920076966285706,
0.24440141022205353,
-0.05263519287109375,
0.34055396914482117,
-0.03578324615955353,
0.13812255859375,
0.030658375471830368,
0.2885187268257141,
0.1634167730808258,
-0.03343062102794647,
-0.55810546875,
0.6123712658882141,
0.38906028866767883,
0.24441805481910706,
0.053975190967321396,
0.32211026549339294,
0.3399103283882141,
0.08961313217878342,
-0.02290899120271206,
0.5410822033882141,
0.3571333587169647,
-0.30161353945732117,
-0.6321688294410706,
-0.41286399960517883,
0.4792036712169647,
2.2906606197357178,
0.28433504700660706,
2.3288352489471436,
0.16883434355258942,
0.35552147030830383,
0.06961891800165176,
-0.3585496246814728,
0.3201127350330353,
-0.0054865749552845955,
-0.06964111328125,
-0.20924516022205353,
0.5362882018089294,
-0.3680309057235718,
0.19497403502464294,
-0.17802844941616058,
-0.12424954771995544,
0.20828524231910706,
-1.030806064605713,
0.2822931408882141,
-0.047350797802209854,
0.4273570775985718,
0.04127849265933037,
0.02630407176911831,
0.8678755164146423,
-0.4136078655719757,
0.011136314831674099,
-0.1827448010444641,
-0.012516368180513382,
0.4368341565132141,
-0.03649174049496651,
0.2684881091117859,
-0.05980474129319191,
-0.20937417447566986,
0.12082810699939728,
0.2648370862007141,
0.3260054290294647,
-0.251512348651886,
4.643110752105713,
0.3229425549507141,
0.1012164056301117,
-0.07001183182001114,
0.17381148040294647,
0.4493297338485718,
0.34817782044410706,
-0.09195639938116074,
0.4774946868419647,
0.08790241926908493,
0.18810826539993286,
0.5077459216117859,
-0.10445196181535721,
-0.2805342376232147,
0.11629416793584824,
0.6544522643089294,
0.3794389069080353,
0.29856178164482117,
0.045640770345926285,
0.13057361543178558,
-0.31143465638160706,
0.05275431647896767,
0.5095436573028564,
-0.09123368561267853,
0.13166670501232147,
0.012544458732008934,
-0.06913237273693085,
-0.13012279570102692,
-0.11487925797700882,
0.39681729674339294,
0.4215864837169647,
5.400568008422852,
-0.09584877640008926,
0.13294774293899536,
-0.18876509368419647,
0.3033336400985718,
0.7235884070396423,
-0.020810214802622795,
-0.4005126953125,
-0.009228446520864964,
-0.05386213958263397,
-0.23336514830589294,
0.08345170319080353,
-0.19632235169410706,
0.4438587427139282,
0.04813038185238838,
0.10194674134254456,
-0.3271373510360718,
0.09491174668073654,
-0.037972189486026764,
0.03360297530889511,
0.375,
0.00421003857627511,
0.12168745696544647,
-0.5361106395721436,
-0.2596879303455353,
0.32700416445732117,
-0.03391474112868309,
0.45052823424339294,
-0.2691650390625,
-0.13906027376651764,
0.13928499817848206,
0.49216529726982117,
-0.3440801501274109,
0.5306507349014282,
-0.025431372225284576,
0.1910344958305359,
0.20262770354747772,
0.31442537903785706,
-0.07322831451892853,
-0.1516779065132141,
0.3171941637992859,
0.058865632861852646,
-0.8813254833221436,
-0.52783203125,
-0.25760719180107117,
0.10723738372325897,
-0.24367453157901764,
-0.14227294921875,
0.10264448821544647,
-0.09534315764904022,
-0.04805963858962059,
0.24592728912830353,
1.203657627105713,
0.40164461731910706,
0.14862337708473206,
0.49658203125,
-0.17727799713611603,
-0.1844780594110489,
-0.07493522018194199,
-0.10796702653169632,
0.5106756091117859,
0.008151314221322536,
-0.3285689055919647,
0.020369790494441986,
0.16328568756580353,
0.08094926178455353,
0.12030167877674103,
0.018406260758638382,
0.6321022510528564,
-0.26046475768089294,
-0.056439485400915146,
0.42746803164482117,
-0.04043024405837059,
0.34366121888160706,
0.16300496459007263,
-0.10856351256370544,
0.5498490929603577,
-0.1963213086128235,
-0.2504161596298218,
0.004160100594162941,
-0.27054664492607117,
0.033684730529785156,
0.07724345475435257,
-0.13956937193870544,
0.11605141311883926,
0.036466773599386215,
-0.2869512438774109,
0.07619684189558029,
0.14355745911598206,
0.3345392346382141,
0.3840442895889282,
0.2564752697944641,
0.051613546907901764,
0.5174782276153564,
-0.08934298157691956,
0.04102013260126114,
-0.2053583264350891,
0.21289339661598206,
-0.18279752135276794,
0.24092794954776764,
-0.27571800351142883,
0.13100320100784302,
-0.3641912341117859,
0.11774791032075882,
0.32088401913642883,
-0.17461325228214264,
0.17761091887950897,
0.22683992981910706,
0.2499445080757141,
0.07516202330589294,
0.2624955475330353,
0.42604759335517883,
-0.04959245026111603,
0.16796875,
0.08537188172340393
] |
130 | How long did American troops stay in Germany after WWII? | [
{
"docid": "24811951#16",
"text": "The United States Army maintained a substantial and continuous military presence at the inner German border throughout the entire period from 1945 to after the end of the Cold War. Regular American soldiers manned the border from the end of the war until they were replaced in 1946 by the United States Constabulary, a lightly armed constabulary force responsible for border security. It was disbanded in 1952 after policing duties were transferred to the German authorities. In its place, two dedicated armoured cavalry regiments were assigned to provide a permanent border defence. The 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment based at Nuremberg and the 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment based at Fulda– later replaced by the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment – were tasked with monitoring the border using observation posts, ground and air patrols, countering border intrusions and gathering intelligence on Warsaw Pact activities. Unlike their East German counterparts, U.S. soldiers did not stay for more than 30 days on the border, though they carried out regular patrols around the clock using foot and helicopter patrols. They also used a variety of technical measures such as ground surveillance radars to monitor Warsaw Pact troop movements across the border. A rapid reaction force was on constant duty further behind the border to provide backup in an emergency. The American presence on the border provoked political controversy in Germany. During the 1960s the state of Hesse refused to grant U.S. forces land rights to its observation points or allow them to install paved access roads, electricity or telephone lines. It took the view that since there was no legally recognised border, there was no legal reason for their military observation posts to be built along it. By the 1980s the American border presence had become the target of peace activists, who in 1984 blockaded the U.S. Observation Post Alpha with a human chain. The U.S. withdrew from the inner German border in 1991.",
"title": "Border guards of the inner German border"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "27742950#1",
"text": "An American ex-serviceman leaves Allied-occupied Germany after WWII and is persuaded by his English wife to settle in Liverpool' Looking for work, he becomes a lorry driver. He comes into contact with criminals involved in theft from commercial vehicles and draws close to the girlfriend of a major crime figure.",
"title": "The Long Haul (1957 film)"
},
{
"docid": "11573237#2",
"text": "By the time of WWII, the United States had a large population of ethnic Germans. Among residents of the United States in 1940, more than 1.2 million persons had been born in Germany, 5 million had two native-German parents, and 6 million had one native-German parent. Many more had distant German ancestry. During WWII, the United States detained at least 11,000 ethnic Germans, overwhelmingly German nationals. The government examined the cases of German nationals individually, and detained relatively few in internment camps run by the Department of Justice, as related to its responsibilities under the Alien and Sedition Acts. To a much lesser extent, some ethnic German US citizens were classified as suspect after due process and also detained. Similarly, a small proportion of Italian nationals and Italian Americans were interned in relation to their total population in the US. The United States had allowed immigrants from both Germany and Italy to become naturalized citizens, which many had done by then. In the early 21st century, Congress considered legislation to study treatment of European Americans during WWII, but it did not pass the House of Representatives. Activists and historians have identified certain injustices against these groups.",
"title": "Internment of German Americans"
},
{
"docid": "362048#27",
"text": "Foreign troops still remain in Germany today, for example Ramstein Air Base, but the majority of troops left following the end of the Cold War (By 1994 for Soviet troops, mandated under the terms of the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany and in the mid-1990s for Western forces). The Bush Administration in the United States in 2004 stated intentions to withdraw most of the remaining American troops out of Germany in the coming years. During the years 1950–2000 more than 10,000,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Germany.",
"title": "Consequences of Nazism"
},
{
"docid": "6513604#53",
"text": "The Elbe River was the official eastward objective, but many American commanders still eyed Berlin. By the evening of 11 April, elements of the 9th Army's 2nd Armored Division—seemingly intent on demonstrating how easily their army could take that coveted prize—had dashed to reach the Elbe southeast of Magdeburg, just short of the German capital. On 12 April, additional 9th Army elements attained the Elbe and by the next day were on the opposite bank hopefully awaiting permission to drive on to Berlin. But two days later, on 15 April, they had to abandon these hopes. Eisenhower sent Bradley his final word on the matter: the 9th Army was to stay put—there would be no effort to take Berlin. Simpson subsequently turned his troops' attention to mopping up pockets of local resistance.\nIn the center of the 12th U.S. Army Group, Hodges′ 1st Army faced somewhat stiffer opposition, though it hardly slowed the pace. As its forces approached Leipzig, about south of Magdeburg and short of the Mulde River, the 1st Army ran into one of the few remaining centers of organized resistance. Here the Germans turned a thick defense belt of antiaircraft guns against the American ground troops with devastating effects. Through a combination of flanking movements and night attacks, First Army troops were able to destroy or bypass the guns, moving finally into Leipzig, which formally surrendered on the morning of 20 April. By the end of the day, the units that had taken Leipzig joined the rest of the 1st Army on the Mulde, where it had been ordered to halt.",
"title": "Western Allied invasion of Germany"
},
{
"docid": "33707752#3",
"text": "The book begins with an example of the German refusal to surrender, and how this refusal by the Nazis to accept defeat would eventually lead to the deaths of millions. With American troops on the outskirts of Ansbach, the local commandant, Dr Ernst Meyer, an ardent Nazi, insisted on fighting to the end. A student, Robert Limpert, having seen the destruction wrought on Würzburg, took action in an attempt to prevent the same happening to his own town. He was seen in an act of sabotage by two members of the Hitler Youth who reported him to the police. He was arrested, and after a trial lasting a few minutes the commandant sentenced the young man to death by hanging. As the noose was placed around Limpert's neck he broke free but was recaptured quickly. No one in the crowd watching tried to help and some kicked and punched him. On the second attempt the rope broke, and on the third he was finally hanged. The commandant ordered the body to remain where it was \"until it stinks\" and shortly after he fled the town. American troops cut the body down four hours later when they entered the town.",
"title": "The End: Hitler's Germany 1944–45"
},
{
"docid": "6513604#24",
"text": "On the night of 23/24 March, after the XII Corps′ assault of the Rhine, Bradley had announced his success. The 12th Army Group commander said that American troops could cross the Rhine anywhere, without aerial bombardment or airborne troops, a direct jab at Montgomery whose troops were at that very moment preparing to launch their own Rhine assault following an intense and elaborate aerial and artillery preparation and with the assistance of two airborne divisions, the American 17th, and the British 6th.",
"title": "Western Allied invasion of Germany"
},
{
"docid": "34255387#2",
"text": "The enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases according to the EC classification and is dependent on FAD as cofactor, thus it was classified as an external flavoprotein monooxygenase (designated as type E). It forms a two-component system with a reductase (StyB, StyA2B). The reductase utilizes solely NADH to reduce the FAD, which is then transferred to the styrene monooxygenase (StyA, StyA1). Two types of that enzyme are described so far: StyA/StyB (designated E1), first described from \"Pseudomonas\" species, and StyA1/StyA2B (designated E2), first described from Actinobacteria. The E1-type is more abundant in nature and comprises a single monooxygenase (StyA) supported by a single reductase (StyB), whereas the E2-type has a major monooxygenase (StyA1) which is supported by fusion protein of a monooxygenase and reductase (StyA2B). The latter one is the source of reduced FAD for the monooxygenase subunits and has some side activity as a monooxygenase. So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.",
"title": "Styrene monooxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "866522#4",
"text": "As Ethnogenic expositions were discontinued in Germany around 1931, there were many repercussions for the performers. Many of the people brought from their homelands to work in the exhibits had created families in Germany, and there were many children that had been born in Germany. Once they no longer worked in the zoos or for performance acts these people were stuck living in Germany where they had no rights and were harshly discriminated against. During the rise of the Nazi party the foreign actors in these stage shows were typically able to stay out of concentration camps because there were so few of them that the Nazis did not see them as a real threat. Although they were able to avoid concentration camps, they were not able to participate in German life as citizens of ethnically German origin could. The Hitler Youth did not allow children of foreign parents to participate, and adults were rejected as German soldiers. Many ended up working in war industry factories or foreign laborer camps. After WWII ended, racism in Germany became more concealed or invisible but did not go away. Many people of foreign descent intended to leave after the war, but because of their German nationality, it was difficult for them to emigrate.",
"title": "Human zoo"
},
{
"docid": "7452845#15",
"text": "In volume II of \"The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany\" (1961) part of the official \"History of the Second World War\", Webster and Frankland wrote that Dornberger thought that the bombing delayed the A4 (V2) project by four to six weeks, which had been followed by many later accounts but that this was anecdotal. The official historians wrote that the transfer of production to the Harz mountains and testing to Poland must have caused some delay in remedying the numerous design failings of the device and that the killing of Thiel and Walther might have made things worse. The attack on Peenemünde and other sites might have delayed the V2 offensive by two months. Although research and development continued almost immediately and test launches resumed on October 6, plans for some German V-2 facilities were changed after Hydra; the unfinished production plant for V-2s was moved to the Mittelwerk.",
"title": "Operation Hydra (1943)"
}
] | [
0.3201059103012085,
-0.6415076851844788,
0.07117344439029694,
-0.015294001437723637,
-0.19498619437217712,
0.15931466221809387,
0.30095964670181274,
-0.29452750086784363,
-0.2007070630788803,
0.2517841160297394,
-0.6519493460655212,
-0.14421957731246948,
-0.22508826851844788,
0.32431265711784363,
0.025851909071207047,
-0.12955181300640106,
0.48920148611068726,
0.22909310460090637,
-0.39312273263931274,
0.10769433528184891,
-0.22998985648155212,
0.41216570138931274,
-0.044831790030002594,
-0.10817131400108337,
0.10150264203548431,
0.028171833604574203,
-0.029013413935899734,
0.25809186697006226,
-0.17161324620246887,
0.26151686906814575,
0.45872145891189575,
-0.2617093622684479,
-0.12397237867116928,
0.2640920877456665,
0.18642953038215637,
0.29836800694465637,
0.04222869873046875,
-0.017463097348809242,
0.07034184038639069,
0.5378981232643127,
-0.04842670261859894,
-0.02931682951748371,
0.38218337297439575,
0.036046102643013,
-0.04808543249964714,
-0.14240440726280212,
0.24421574175357819,
-0.24981220066547394,
0.08129648119211197,
-0.1254800707101822,
-0.3681640625,
-0.1832510083913803,
-0.054371174424886703,
0.15719839930534363,
-0.4537822902202606,
0.46298453211784363,
0.032238300889730453,
0.6964956521987915,
-0.10789548605680466,
-0.10932569950819016,
0.32549577951431274,
-0.013125493191182613,
-0.12308326363563538,
-0.10078312456607819,
0.5909329652786255,
0.14427536725997925,
0.12210787087678909,
0.31671613454818726,
-0.14091727137565613,
0.3193734884262085,
0.09279456734657288,
0.15938743948936462,
0.3371206521987915,
0.14793160557746887,
-0.4875112771987915,
-0.0071874032728374004,
0.046009063720703125,
-0.026800302788615227,
0.201812744140625,
-0.49753981828689575,
0.3627460300922394,
-0.1258920133113861,
0.34868913888931274,
0.4983285665512085,
0.008823394775390625,
0.20575420558452606,
-0.07548640668392181,
0.33042556047439575,
0.27865365147590637,
0.5625,
-0.07647088915109634,
0.184874027967453,
-0.06408163160085678,
-0.06603065133094788,
-0.07006660103797913,
0.26005202531814575,
0.3984375,
0.07710148394107819,
0.3106783330440521,
-0.24146915972232819,
0.15857696533203125,
-0.21747061610221863,
-0.17777779698371887,
0.505859375,
0.25374191999435425,
-0.35354378819465637,
-0.46084359288215637,
0.08319795876741409,
-0.02996356599032879,
0.6061823964118958,
-0.09042710810899734,
-0.2183462232351303,
-0.06044193357229233,
-0.20007793605327606,
0.33176833391189575,
0.3336651027202606,
0.267464280128479,
-0.2996920049190521,
-0.5780592560768127,
-0.5044039487838745,
0.23624126613140106,
0.12800833582878113,
-0.21322396397590637,
-0.2909099757671356,
-0.103790283203125,
-0.1697462499141693,
0.4686748683452606,
-0.44704025983810425,
0.5501051545143127,
0.37799543142318726,
-0.09839219599962234,
0.08115797489881516,
0.03686288744211197,
0.6128492951393127,
0.39416033029556274,
0.3112323582172394,
-0.051784221082925797,
-0.2797945439815521,
-0.29873892664909363,
-0.37158203125,
0.027985792607069016,
0.17766395211219788,
0.2526644170284271,
0.3212045431137085,
-0.09284269064664841,
0.13781856000423431,
-0.15413907170295715,
0.14028461277484894,
-0.21130135655403137,
0.2310791015625,
0.3453838527202606,
0.3597318232059479,
-0.046217259019613266,
0.178863525390625,
0.213226318359375,
0.5677584409713745,
0.4056865870952606,
0.5872708559036255,
-0.05035106837749481,
-0.04018871486186981,
0.6484938263893127,
0.3536376953125,
0.13739249110221863,
0.29381486773490906,
0.42837288975715637,
0.15252450108528137,
-0.3707744777202606,
0.13499274849891663,
0.587965726852417,
-0.3203125,
-0.3370830714702606,
-0.1665426343679428,
-0.05694638937711716,
-0.4999624490737915,
0.09997089207172394,
0.077559694647789,
-0.31723639369010925,
-0.05154242739081383,
-0.02970123291015625,
-0.07008714228868484,
0.15775328874588013,
0.12486619502305984,
-0.0011350924614816904,
-0.1763153076171875,
0.612717866897583,
0.06983808428049088,
-0.13375385105609894,
-0.31352585554122925,
-0.29047101736068726,
0.44550031423568726,
0.06473600119352341,
0.41731613874435425,
0.5300011038780212,
0.10423982888460159,
0.29409554600715637,
0.3266132175922394,
-0.17233511805534363,
0.5033991932868958,
0.06524775922298431,
0.17976731061935425,
-0.16981682181358337,
-0.11260868608951569,
-0.564528226852417,
0.17771559953689575,
0.47288161516189575,
-0.2032652646303177,
-0.12634746730327606,
-0.06624969840049744,
-0.16920353472232819,
-0.35154107213020325,
0.2231597900390625,
0.20669320225715637,
0.3501727879047394,
0.14229877293109894,
-0.23992450535297394,
0.31447190046310425,
-0.33509474992752075,
0.01871490478515625,
0.2800386846065521,
0.25807541608810425,
-0.4101468622684479,
0.3792630732059479,
-0.3787700831890106,
-0.09490834921598434,
0.26735275983810425,
-0.10182307660579681,
-0.3125985860824585,
-0.5258131623268127,
0.10654625296592712,
0.45896559953689575,
0.019179124385118484,
0.06268545240163803,
0.08299455046653748,
-0.27068620920181274,
0.19353309273719788,
0.19827035069465637,
0.49102312326431274,
0.023900985717773438,
-0.0930369421839714,
0.31349533796310425,
0.37603288888931274,
-0.19781729578971863,
0.04874977841973305,
-0.45712515711784363,
0.312477707862854,
-0.42483285069465637,
0.4707125127315521,
0.23726242780685425,
-0.3234111964702606,
-0.13408485054969788,
0.1510690599679947,
-0.18298809230327606,
0.08254550397396088,
0.5013709664344788,
-0.20733642578125,
0.20822378993034363,
0.37571364641189575,
-0.12373469769954681,
0.09769380837678909,
0.2540518045425415,
0.35529035329818726,
-0.13120445609092712,
0.14339035749435425,
0.19352370500564575,
-0.13720467686653137,
-0.1218414306640625,
0.06927137821912766,
0.4224759638309479,
-0.0010402386542409658,
0.49846941232681274,
0.5025071501731873,
-0.4846942722797394,
0.3573749363422394,
0.14245136082172394,
-0.3528066873550415,
-0.05907146632671356,
0.315357506275177,
0.2977764308452606,
-0.20385272800922394,
0.3975454568862915,
0.33281999826431274,
0.10787846148014069,
-0.16241924464702606,
-0.256797194480896,
0.6112342476844788,
0.22788649797439575,
-0.17480233311653137,
0.269919753074646,
-0.31308218836784363,
0.05956002324819565,
0.4239032566547394,
0.7296048402786255,
-0.18781925737857819,
-0.44885724782943726,
-0.26963454484939575,
0.4940654933452606,
-0.08110398799180984,
-0.33831316232681274,
0.18763615190982819,
-0.19712550938129425,
0.4416973292827606,
-0.2966519892215729,
0.22789588570594788,
0.07585848122835159,
0.5493539571762085,
0.07933631539344788,
-0.23375174403190613,
-0.23688213527202606,
-0.47866585850715637,
0.49318283796310425,
0.4467397928237915,
0.01468409039080143,
-0.10162998735904694,
0.15173809230327606,
0.11701378226280212,
0.23488205671310425,
-0.07617422193288803,
0.07448049634695053,
0.49595290422439575,
-0.06594907492399216,
0.35326677560806274,
-0.17305344343185425,
-0.30832144618034363,
-0.19112923741340637,
0.15025447309017181,
-0.16082294285297394,
0.22591927647590637,
-0.36419206857681274,
0.575120210647583,
0.6031399965286255,
0.10561195015907288,
0.4368990361690521,
-0.15493187308311462,
0.13309185206890106,
0.0006056565325707197,
0.3734600245952606,
0.2220429629087448,
0.36074593663215637,
-0.039951030164957047,
-0.5486027598381042,
0.08770047873258591,
-0.09462562203407288,
-0.07913918048143387,
0.2454833984375,
-0.2793520390987396,
-0.18872188031673431,
0.0782623291015625,
-0.16256126761436462,
0.18029257655143738,
-0.3903057277202606,
0.28408578038215637,
0.4085317850112915,
0.018997779116034508,
-0.13273268938064575,
0.5098501443862915,
-0.110260009765625,
-0.13394047319889069,
0.052936259657144547,
-0.13202843070030212,
-0.31188493967056274,
0.08740821480751038,
0.08527608960866928,
0.10775111615657806,
0.020328961312770844,
0.0522928424179554,
-0.14720036089420319,
0.14678955078125,
-0.4743558466434479,
0.33611589670181274,
0.208740234375,
-0.13138991594314575,
-0.5135592222213745,
0.096343994140625,
0.1450115442276001,
-0.29649001359939575,
-0.37379807233810425,
0.03305075690150261,
0.22761183977127075,
0.23751860857009888,
-0.06382692605257034,
0.1356562077999115,
0.6137507557868958,
-0.08422616869211197,
0.0696491152048111,
-0.25704896450042725,
-0.31350472569465637,
-0.16470806300640106,
0.07619769871234894,
0.03201059252023697,
-0.3374774754047394,
0.015004057437181473,
-0.26927655935287476,
0.15701763331890106,
-0.29299691319465637,
-0.006848188582807779,
0.06057563051581383,
-0.26247933506965637,
0.27390700578689575,
0.3601825535297394,
0.028243431821465492,
-0.13060466945171356,
0.33328011631965637,
0.2875460088253021,
0.5455604195594788,
4.12184476852417,
0.24207481741905212,
0.07039818167686462,
0.36017316579818726,
0.131866455078125,
-0.12579581141471863,
0.22087684273719788,
-0.12888702750205994,
-0.20805476605892181,
0.032039936631917953,
-0.013478792272508144,
0.11735416948795319,
0.013983506709337234,
0.3660642206668854,
-0.18036358058452606,
0.08701588213443756,
0.06361741572618484,
-0.011429126374423504,
0.4000713527202606,
0.53076171875,
-0.2607891261577606,
0.49386832118034363,
0.25320199131965637,
0.23987755179405212,
0.20179161429405212,
-0.06034938991069794,
-0.16481135785579681,
0.116943359375,
0.11046424508094788,
-0.1434977650642395,
0.4228891134262085,
0.34884878993034363,
0.3142324686050415,
-0.07346168160438538,
-0.4949475824832916,
0.21185302734375,
0.5086951851844788,
0.5926889181137085,
0.15094932913780212,
-0.013132535852491856,
-0.25860595703125,
0.03396547585725784,
0.26453107595443726,
0.569580078125,
0.38534075021743774,
0.16590294241905212,
-0.01642608642578125,
0.34153395891189575,
0.2773672342300415,
0.10038170218467712,
0.2683011591434479,
0.06642268598079681,
0.03416912257671356,
-0.19408240914344788,
0.2866680324077606,
0.5359074473381042,
0.11766874045133591,
0.8000676035881042,
0.23258854448795319,
0.31466910243034363,
0.3798358738422394,
-0.3426748514175415,
0.2814096212387085,
0.036779697984457016,
-0.4076687693595886,
-0.052557725459337234,
-0.019721178337931633,
0.46859976649284363,
0.24763503670692444,
0.1035614013671875,
0.43289846181869507,
0.3994891941547394,
0.36484000086784363,
-0.11804170161485672,
0.2650991678237915,
-0.20041245222091675,
-0.18012882769107819,
0.27055007219314575,
0.13175377249717712,
0.10827739536762238,
0.06616445630788803,
-0.07174183428287506,
-0.2932222783565521,
0.14329411089420319,
0.01682780310511589,
0.4339693486690521,
0.12026412785053253,
-0.2606412470340729,
0.5206016898155212,
0.11957637965679169,
0.09430870413780212,
-0.1440388560295105,
0.3382474482059479,
-0.12579697370529175,
0.29025033116340637,
-0.1828085035085678,
-0.13942073285579681,
-4.021784782409668,
0.11170020699501038,
0.03550133481621742,
-0.02854127064347267,
0.03464067727327347,
-0.2491220384836197,
0.05402403697371483,
0.6249905824661255,
-0.30929800868034363,
-0.014454474672675133,
-0.10656385868787766,
0.001997727667912841,
-0.37362906336784363,
0.2446523755788803,
0.218963623046875,
0.07318115234375,
0.21440711617469788,
0.15320762991905212,
0.5166954398155212,
-0.1865610033273697,
0.4787503778934479,
0.22742168605327606,
0.4044095575809479,
-0.06386272609233856,
-0.15053234994411469,
-0.04639611020684242,
0.06300001591444016,
-0.34959059953689575,
0.1379617601633072,
0.1790395826101303,
-0.17427650094032288,
-0.12055030465126038,
0.5101036429405212,
-0.06773611158132553,
0.11743758618831635,
0.5981069803237915,
0.06889930367469788,
-0.45257097482681274,
0.3049691915512085,
0.4607402980327606,
0.07186185568571091,
0.45074698328971863,
0.502685546875,
0.2521127462387085,
0.29802995920181274,
0.3333200216293335,
-0.33920523524284363,
0.24469448626041412,
0.15164066851139069,
-0.12920144200325012,
0.6708421111106873,
0.1371694654226303,
0.09727712720632553,
-0.2759634256362915,
0.4505145847797394,
-0.0018721360247582197,
0.18906109035015106,
-0.2256094068288803,
-0.017871562391519547,
0.0881846472620964,
0.45400765538215637,
0.06316544115543365,
0.10318902879953384,
0.09854478389024734,
0.1818471997976303,
-0.2161727249622345,
-0.03085561841726303,
0.18004783987998962,
0.18249981105327606,
-0.10741131007671356,
-0.0447235107421875,
0.15898250043392181,
-0.0061246431432664394,
0.17195247113704681,
0.10862144827842712,
0.5519831776618958,
-0.15700119733810425,
-0.25738996267318726,
0.7044020295143127,
0.2568899393081665,
0.017067542299628258,
0.07976707816123962,
-0.45517203211784363,
0.6200608611106873,
2.145132303237915,
0.24369929730892181,
2.285606861114502,
0.27777570486068726,
-0.0902862548828125,
0.43007248640060425,
-0.15770897269248962,
0.2138906568288803,
0.21465595066547394,
-0.0824575275182724,
-0.22488872706890106,
0.17374831438064575,
0.20851370692253113,
0.2004629224538803,
-0.11834247410297394,
0.04423816502094269,
0.33462288975715637,
-0.7799729704856873,
-0.046151235699653625,
-0.2268453687429428,
0.5918532013893127,
-0.03271190822124481,
0.05089745298027992,
0.193685382604599,
0.021778106689453125,
0.016796406358480453,
-0.08420973271131516,
0.04963097348809242,
0.06448598951101303,
0.07998642325401306,
-0.015638204291462898,
-0.027282128110527992,
0.40110427141189575,
-0.08551612496376038,
0.11729548871517181,
0.09066546708345413,
0.015046046115458012,
4.665565013885498,
0.49346452951431274,
-0.46991437673568726,
-0.10989497601985931,
0.19914303719997406,
-0.005138103850185871,
0.7125149965286255,
0.1992020308971405,
0.08854884654283524,
-0.11382000148296356,
0.349609375,
0.35437482595443726,
0.12814800441265106,
0.11505596339702606,
0.2905367314815521,
0.4635103642940521,
0.11802644282579422,
0.17693446576595306,
0.16460536420345306,
0.15966209769248962,
0.20527061820030212,
0.04934487119317055,
0.04288189113140106,
0.254180908203125,
-0.019140096381306648,
0.4010761082172394,
0.21522873640060425,
-0.30698806047439575,
0.12034071236848831,
-0.24223563075065613,
0.0817766934633255,
5.491286277770996,
0.03782624378800392,
0.34629470109939575,
0.10048910230398178,
-0.07538780570030212,
-0.1132868230342865,
-0.382568359375,
0.3422100245952606,
0.02747344970703125,
-0.03950177878141403,
-0.4434720575809479,
-0.1767343431711197,
-0.2694843113422394,
0.3132875859737396,
0.31680062413215637,
0.041510067880153656,
-0.19706374406814575,
-0.08416777104139328,
0.11988771706819534,
-0.14877788722515106,
0.4404672384262085,
-0.007387894671410322,
0.14928847551345825,
-0.602952241897583,
-0.02779681794345379,
0.09010784327983856,
-0.051784809678792953,
0.2835763692855835,
0.03599489480257034,
-0.020191358402371407,
0.3082369267940521,
0.508131742477417,
-0.17681215703487396,
0.16936317086219788,
-0.3311861455440521,
0.14851555228233337,
0.11112741380929947,
-0.04180731996893883,
-0.007161654066294432,
-0.02227313630282879,
0.4054048955440521,
0.35207894444465637,
-0.048870380967855453,
0.20872849225997925,
-0.07067636400461197,
0.1626434326171875,
0.022693928331136703,
-0.07806631177663803,
-0.04791934788227081,
-0.20974966883659363,
-0.1440095156431198,
0.10336185991764069,
1.4378005266189575,
-0.22832724452018738,
-0.05964073911309242,
0.4135272800922394,
0.19788096845149994,
-0.3278048634529114,
-0.08072134107351303,
-0.5062537789344788,
0.28065961599349976,
0.3884746730327606,
0.006444197613745928,
0.49164289236068726,
0.01643327623605728,
0.12741440534591675,
0.006773801986128092,
-0.17145714163780212,
0.648024320602417,
-0.2595379054546356,
0.35801345109939575,
0.14382465183734894,
-0.2894662618637085,
-0.053198594599962234,
-0.20227520167827606,
0.36545974016189575,
0.040958110243082047,
0.23342660069465637,
0.17443965375423431,
-0.13013149797916412,
0.040236253291368484,
-0.06721892952919006,
-0.21393996477127075,
0.08509474247694016,
-0.15190887451171875,
0.07722590863704681,
0.112650066614151,
-0.3650277853012085,
0.704514741897583,
0.3562856912612915,
0.2787616550922394,
0.08404775708913803,
0.23419189453125,
0.5195218324661255,
0.33743050694465637,
0.5224046111106873,
0.3096383810043335,
0.5303391814231873,
-0.058134812861680984,
0.11957168579101562,
0.16128775477409363,
0.15411846339702606,
-0.05184701830148697,
-0.23987755179405212,
0.3810565769672394,
0.13846060633659363,
-0.05510535463690758,
0.4580453634262085,
0.08026409149169922,
0.37257736921310425,
0.48244065046310425,
0.2300180345773697,
0.3761831521987915,
-0.04442420229315758,
-0.03500190004706383
] |
131 | What year was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights published? | [
{
"docid": "6634811#1",
"text": "When the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948, Saudi Arabia refused to sign it as they were of the view that sharia law had already set out the rights of men and women. To sign the UDHR was deemed unnecessary. What the UDHR did do was to start a debate on human rights in the Islamic world. Following years of deliberation, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) adopted the Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam.",
"title": "Human rights in Muslim-majority countries"
},
{
"docid": "3001718#16",
"text": "In honor of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations declared 1968 as the \"International Year for Human Rights\". In April Natalya Gorbanevskaya compiled the first issue of the \"Chronicle of Current Events\". Its cover (dated 30 April 1968) carried the title: \"The International Year for Human Rights in the Soviet Union\" and, like every subsequent issue of the \"Chronicle\", quoted the text of Article 19 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights:",
"title": "Chronicle of Current Events"
},
{
"docid": "13926399#3",
"text": "Cui also published an paper on Zhang Pengchun’s role in drafting United Nations’ the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Zhang Pengchun (1892-1957) studied with John Dewey and got his Ph.D. from Columbia University and was the first Provost of Tsinghua University in 1923. He was the only Vice Chairman of the Commission on Human Rights (with Eleanor Roosevelt as the Chairman) in drafting the Universal Declaration, especially in inserting the Chinese concept “Ren” (, two men). Zhang initially translated “Ren” as two men mindedness, because “two men mindedness” is considered as too awkward, thus “conscience” was used in the final text of the Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Cui's article discusses the important implications of this discovery in the UN archive about Zhang's key role for the current Chinese political and cultural debates—transcending the dichotomy of “Western Centralism” and “Cultural Particularism”— and has been translated into French and published (, Multitudes 2013/3)",
"title": "Cui Zhiyuan"
},
{
"docid": "1552063#5",
"text": "On the Universal Declaration of Human Rights drafting committee, he served both as an effective Asian delegate and also as a mediator when the negotiations reached a stalemate. He served as Vice-Chairman of the original UN Commission on Human Rights and Republic of China delegate to committee and played a pivotal role in its drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948. He and fellow delegate Charles Malik, the Lebanese philosopher-diplomat, shared ideals of universal human rights, but debated what they were and how they could be described in an international document. By most accounts, Chang and Malik were the philosophical leaders of the deliberations. Chang argued that the modern world should pay heed to Chinese philosophers such as Mencius not because they were Chinese, but because their ideas had universal validity.",
"title": "P. C. Chang"
},
{
"docid": "31899#0",
"text": "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favor, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote.",
"title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
},
{
"docid": "31899#15",
"text": "The Universal Declaration was adopted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 on 10 December 1948 in Palais de Chaillot, Paris, as the third United Nations General Assembly was held there . Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstained and Honduras and Yemen failed to vote or abstain.",
"title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "31899#18",
"text": "The Declaration of Human Rights Day is commemorated every year on December 10, the anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration, and is known as Human Rights Day or International Human Rights Day. The commemoration is observed by individuals, community and religious groups, human rights organizations, parliaments, governments, and the United Nations. Decadal commemorations are often accompanied by campaigns to promote awareness of the Declaration and human rights. 2008 marked the 60th anniversary of the Declaration, and was accompanied by year-long activities around the theme \"Dignity and justice for all of us\".",
"title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
},
{
"docid": "224317#6",
"text": "Humphrey was a principal drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After consulting with the executive group of the Commission, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, Professor Humphrey prepared the first preliminary draft of what was to become the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. On the night of December 10, 1948, the General Assembly unanimously adopted the Declaration, dubbed by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt as \"the international Magna Carta of all humankind.\"",
"title": "John Peters Humphrey"
},
{
"docid": "52557979#0",
"text": "1968 was declared the International Year of Human Rights by UNESCO, with the principal goal of bringing attention to the state of human rights throughout the world. On its XX session on March 17-18, 1964 United Nations Commission on Human Rights considered United Nations General Assembly Eighteenth session decision to proclaim International Year of Human Rights and recommended the establishment of the committee for preparation of celebration of 20th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and organisation of an international conference on human rights.",
"title": "International Year of Human Rights"
},
{
"docid": "20029385#5",
"text": "At the Swanwick Conference in England in 1949 - as the United Nations was settling its Universal Declaration of Human Rights - the IU published a principle and policy pamphlet that later came to be known as its Declaration of Human Rights on Equal Freedom. This Declaration was translated into many languages, and subsequently amended and reaffirmed; most recently in 2001.",
"title": "The IU"
},
{
"docid": "31899#34",
"text": "During the lead up to the World Conference on Human Rights held in 1993, ministers from Asian states adopted the Bangkok Declaration, reaffirming their governments' commitment to the principles of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They stated their view of the interdependence and indivisibility of human rights and stressed the need for universality, objectivity, and non-selectivity of human rights. However, at the same time, they emphasized the principles of sovereignty and non-interference, calling for greater emphasis on economic, social, and cultural rights—in particular, the right to economic development over civil and political rights. The Bangkok Declaration is considered to be a landmark expression of the Asian values perspective, which offers an extended critique of human rights universalism.",
"title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
},
{
"docid": "47559767#13",
"text": "An edited book of essays entitled \"Contemporary Human Rights Challenges: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its Continuing Relevance\" was published in Nathan's memory to mark the 70th Anniversary (10 December 2018) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The book's foreword is written by UNESCO Secretary General Audrey Azoulay and contains 18 essays including ones by Lord Williams and President Jimmy Carter.",
"title": "Clemens Nathan"
}
] | [
0.15766555070877075,
0.14167198538780212,
-0.1784307062625885,
0.24424861371517181,
0.28508466482162476,
-0.28790754079818726,
0.2750244140625,
-0.26752179861068726,
0.12833815813064575,
0.36577898263931274,
-0.14756539463996887,
-0.24152550101280212,
0.08399435132741928,
-0.09172762185335159,
0.14875441789627075,
-0.2766582667827606,
0.4027568995952606,
-0.006470900494605303,
0.18081195652484894,
0.15209873020648956,
-0.24422043561935425,
0.36094313859939575,
0.09849430620670319,
-0.006028542295098305,
-0.4681302607059479,
0.11185161769390106,
-0.2993915379047394,
0.4332369267940521,
0.13373976945877075,
0.16294273734092712,
0.5036433339118958,
0.15532273054122925,
-0.09022404253482819,
0.48496657609939575,
-0.41842415928840637,
0.07703370600938797,
-0.11744102835655212,
0.36334228515625,
-0.0940704345703125,
-0.038006123155355453,
-0.012000450864434242,
0.3503324091434479,
0.41206008195877075,
0.102480448782444,
0.03813993185758591,
-0.0829508826136589,
0.17120361328125,
-0.17094303667545319,
0.01601938158273697,
0.25697678327560425,
-0.5570725798606873,
0.07336191087961197,
0.06540855765342712,
-0.12912574410438538,
-0.9612004160881042,
0.5401893258094788,
0.025940675288438797,
0.595872163772583,
0.35086295008659363,
-0.2063363939523697,
0.4244290888309479,
-0.15968440473079681,
-0.26174691319465637,
0.04976455867290497,
0.290283203125,
0.4673602879047394,
0.08911367505788803,
0.12341602146625519,
-0.09555523097515106,
-0.000009390024388267193,
0.11582594364881516,
0.13912376761436462,
0.5124323964118958,
0.21822884678840637,
-0.2709726095199585,
0.0855545625090599,
0.19949105381965637,
-0.09294480830430984,
0.3337026834487915,
0.005076481960713863,
-0.08296731859445572,
0.06461040675640106,
-0.2690288722515106,
-0.059967041015625,
0.1064605712890625,
0.13870003819465637,
-0.004117525648325682,
0.0032074267510324717,
0.28287917375564575,
0.584228515625,
0.36712175607681274,
0.14129425585269928,
0.42503005266189575,
-0.011593892239034176,
0.39534467458724976,
0.38974469900131226,
0.4359976053237915,
-0.4341289699077606,
-0.126312255859375,
0.0062713623046875,
0.010796620510518551,
-0.3170025050640106,
-0.3538155257701874,
0.73779296875,
0.19912955164909363,
-0.242431640625,
-0.4915677607059479,
-0.15769444406032562,
0.3006990849971771,
0.1567605882883072,
0.2904287576675415,
-0.40745192766189575,
-0.00049591064453125,
-0.045202989131212234,
0.39284104108810425,
-0.23842209577560425,
0.3470012843608856,
-0.31064078211784363,
-0.29861685633659363,
-0.6369253396987915,
0.3270733058452606,
0.13695819675922394,
-0.13344162702560425,
0.34431809186935425,
-0.12537354230880737,
-0.22090031206607819,
0.5929049253463745,
-0.03448310121893883,
0.604417085647583,
0.3015318512916565,
0.15895843505859375,
0.4492938816547394,
0.26483625173568726,
0.6535832285881042,
0.3546001613140106,
0.26777884364128113,
0.14930960536003113,
-0.16316574811935425,
-0.1925424486398697,
-0.29441598057746887,
-0.006222211290150881,
0.1987985521554947,
-0.09702138602733612,
0.7669020295143127,
0.059892360121011734,
-0.05608522146940231,
0.04466042295098305,
0.04285401478409767,
0.09888164699077606,
0.12944647669792175,
0.484130859375,
0.37636154890060425,
-0.10847355425357819,
0.40549880266189575,
-0.2769306004047394,
0.19087336957454681,
0.1565927416086197,
0.24315467476844788,
-0.3112323582172394,
0.2942739725112915,
0.7184683084487915,
0.2741793096065521,
-0.012982881627976894,
0.18869751691818237,
0.20667442679405212,
0.04121897742152214,
0.008247962221503258,
0.5792893767356873,
0.3740609884262085,
-0.28667742013931274,
-0.10324566066265106,
0.18784977495670319,
0.3009502589702606,
-0.17226234078407288,
0.20469078421592712,
0.17674373090267181,
-0.11505361646413803,
-0.07336778193712234,
0.27492231130599976,
0.08477783203125,
0.2554931640625,
-0.20083382725715637,
0.02572397142648697,
0.03866636008024216,
0.5756648182868958,
0.1734853833913803,
-0.06985502690076828,
0.11189974099397659,
-0.48044058680534363,
-0.11277008056640625,
0.13253666460514069,
-0.03713167458772659,
0.5885854959487915,
-0.21530503034591675,
-0.17074643075466156,
0.12714797258377075,
-0.17457932233810425,
0.12057612836360931,
0.22283935546875,
0.2679208517074585,
-0.009124169126152992,
-0.2706213593482971,
-0.3353365361690521,
0.1121208518743515,
0.2810434103012085,
-0.27422624826431274,
-0.15710213780403137,
0.13315866887569427,
-0.2884427607059479,
-0.294695109128952,
0.1638946533203125,
0.03430993854999542,
-0.090484619140625,
0.18216177821159363,
-0.030610891059041023,
0.4886943995952606,
0.06938758492469788,
-0.2865477204322815,
0.4516132175922394,
0.03698231652379036,
-0.08970994502305984,
0.51953125,
0.06684669852256775,
-0.11147836595773697,
-0.04379448667168617,
-0.22901329398155212,
-0.34698015451431274,
-0.08750152587890625,
0.19798396527767181,
0.5435133576393127,
0.5295973420143127,
0.654954195022583,
0.1039581298828125,
-0.02934558503329754,
0.17051169276237488,
0.18352684378623962,
0.478515625,
-0.14305232465267181,
-0.15926536917686462,
-0.16667762398719788,
0.36114031076431274,
-0.022016378119587898,
-0.38238054513931274,
-0.08343446999788284,
0.2737567722797394,
-0.27963021397590637,
0.7039889097213745,
0.37930062413215637,
-0.07141509652137756,
0.1926187425851822,
0.24291053414344788,
-0.21105487644672394,
0.194305419921875,
0.35348746180534363,
-0.29635855555534363,
-0.08801034837961197,
0.1533426195383072,
0.053983982652425766,
-0.29204148054122925,
0.043567657470703125,
-0.14894691109657288,
0.5101388692855835,
0.18974655866622925,
0.3021756708621979,
-0.1896737962961197,
-0.09733588993549347,
0.22172664105892181,
0.2787616550922394,
-0.07501573115587234,
0.3961651027202606,
0.5838904976844788,
0.26999136805534363,
-0.04261934012174606,
-0.11801441013813019,
-0.16973407566547394,
0.22277545928955078,
0.5766977071762085,
0.24085471034049988,
-0.218017578125,
0.38860613107681274,
0.22825270891189575,
0.07074414938688278,
0.02783496491611004,
-0.19017571210861206,
-0.2320556640625,
-0.012465257197618484,
-0.12148050218820572,
-0.4112079441547394,
-0.27444693446159363,
-0.10518470406532288,
0.27180129289627075,
0.3527362644672394,
-0.5503868460655212,
-0.39058274030685425,
-0.0842658206820488,
0.5553072690963745,
0.22450608015060425,
-0.18963623046875,
0.35841721296310425,
-0.20002864301204681,
0.41849929094314575,
-0.566481351852417,
0.32083365321159363,
0.31006330251693726,
0.15467716753482819,
-0.3910287618637085,
-0.28247541189193726,
-0.19402137398719788,
0.13551917672157288,
0.22297786176204681,
0.5461238026618958,
-0.4973895847797394,
-0.286865234375,
0.40040940046310425,
0.45021408796310425,
0.669996976852417,
0.2017267644405365,
0.26975661516189575,
0.11370086669921875,
-0.21157601475715637,
0.030193476006388664,
-0.5074744820594788,
-0.20979660749435425,
0.308349609375,
0.045254193246364594,
-0.4056255519390106,
-0.17931190133094788,
-0.2943021357059479,
0.6109337210655212,
0.03438626974821091,
-0.0815582275390625,
0.12046168744564056,
-0.28107160329818726,
0.08034808933734894,
-0.4305326044559479,
0.29044753313064575,
0.3312236964702606,
0.6169245839118958,
-0.3784160614013672,
-0.5039625763893127,
-0.05822988599538803,
-0.0937652587890625,
-0.11290007084608078,
0.26246994733810425,
-0.20190781354904175,
0.04906639829277992,
0.2828885614871979,
0.15748009085655212,
0.3081430196762085,
-0.1835702806711197,
0.11738468706607819,
0.14457584917545319,
0.19418099522590637,
0.06498835980892181,
0.10445110499858856,
0.6047410368919373,
0.38640886545181274,
0.35852521657943726,
0.171630859375,
-0.14161799848079681,
0.2111440747976303,
0.5320199728012085,
0.3265756368637085,
0.06670320779085159,
0.5025916695594788,
0.28113144636154175,
-0.26666730642318726,
-0.3353975713253021,
0.2731464207172394,
-0.22450590133666992,
0.235208660364151,
0.06780008226633072,
-0.21989089250564575,
0.057170793414115906,
-0.42018479108810425,
-0.3720562160015106,
-0.07569298148155212,
0.559645414352417,
0.44482421875,
0.203369140625,
0.20790335536003113,
0.7122145295143127,
-0.06623722612857819,
-0.038000546395778656,
-0.3358248174190521,
0.2621318995952606,
0.012356097809970379,
0.26100510358810425,
-0.12585331499576569,
0.20933181047439575,
0.22431476414203644,
-0.2809091806411743,
0.01032257080078125,
-0.05732961744070053,
-0.09782996773719788,
-0.19264103472232819,
-0.37770432233810425,
0.06963641941547394,
0.1325143724679947,
-0.5303673148155212,
0.02715022675693035,
0.5494384765625,
0.20737281441688538,
0.5159254670143127,
4.154146671295166,
-0.08214862644672394,
0.3172619044780731,
-0.34277814626693726,
0.009069149382412434,
-0.2802640497684479,
0.518798828125,
-0.17746441066265106,
0.03975149244070053,
0.1509552001953125,
0.15077826380729675,
0.17557701468467712,
-0.09922321140766144,
0.23296062648296356,
-0.030671266838908195,
0.3959585428237915,
0.523268461227417,
0.17719914019107819,
0.20858529210090637,
0.520827054977417,
-0.23019878566265106,
0.4021089971065521,
0.1624755859375,
0.582200288772583,
0.09799306094646454,
0.15609271824359894,
-0.04339599609375,
0.18013587594032288,
0.37669020891189575,
0.3132793605327606,
0.6711801290512085,
0.2823392450809479,
0.38485246896743774,
-0.024315467104315758,
-0.31005859375,
-0.16523978114128113,
0.28719857335090637,
0.6692082285881042,
0.31134504079818726,
0.02167041413486004,
-0.4245229959487915,
-0.1682199388742447,
-0.1562570482492447,
0.5570725798606873,
0.3923433721065521,
-0.3302847146987915,
-0.12997817993164062,
0.3822115361690521,
-0.04158254712820053,
-0.18335430324077606,
0.37729117274284363,
-0.3206317722797394,
-0.08093731105327606,
-0.18911978602409363,
0.2173696607351303,
0.687086820602417,
0.3402193486690521,
0.5221604704856873,
-0.050253648310899734,
-0.012648362666368484,
-0.13709419965744019,
-0.36703726649284363,
0.5073054432868958,
-0.017754187807440758,
-0.11622737348079681,
-0.17774845659732819,
-0.10053135454654694,
0.2764070928096771,
0.18872538208961487,
0.2630990743637085,
-0.11142129451036453,
0.4214336574077606,
-0.06534165889024734,
-0.10461044311523438,
0.12094585597515106,
0.08672039210796356,
-0.16321152448654175,
-0.3920992314815521,
-0.19373497366905212,
0.18016639351844788,
0.08423320949077606,
-0.14404648542404175,
0.1594153195619583,
-0.01385498046875,
0.2594228982925415,
0.41815656423568726,
0.20802424848079681,
-0.11892934888601303,
0.44948166608810425,
0.005339402239769697,
0.37905648350715637,
0.04726233705878258,
-0.07775907963514328,
0.10021503269672394,
0.3732534646987915,
-0.054713908582925797,
-0.19807903468608856,
-4.025390625,
0.32489484548568726,
0.03395504131913185,
-0.26845139265060425,
0.05747516453266144,
0.060143690556287766,
-0.18689903616905212,
0.3975830078125,
-0.15436774492263794,
0.029669981449842453,
-0.012046227231621742,
-0.04046786203980446,
-0.008910252712666988,
0.45643264055252075,
0.020791860297322273,
0.10556001216173172,
0.4395599365234375,
0.15208786725997925,
0.21283428370952606,
-0.03250298276543617,
0.3185659646987915,
0.16153189539909363,
0.4486835300922394,
0.12450478971004486,
0.3747652471065521,
0.08986517041921616,
0.09403873980045319,
-0.48760515451431274,
0.45721906423568726,
0.06824640184640884,
-0.10160798579454422,
0.008760892786085606,
0.2766864597797394,
0.09710634499788284,
0.12028209865093231,
0.23001861572265625,
0.4360715448856354,
0.3327730596065521,
0.16493576765060425,
0.4337627589702606,
-0.2929781377315521,
0.08273843675851822,
0.15237662196159363,
-0.14959834516048431,
0.11925330758094788,
0.21203143894672394,
-0.12758181989192963,
-0.13621169328689575,
0.40703874826431274,
-0.216869056224823,
0.47308820486068726,
0.27052778005599976,
-0.27242806553840637,
-0.11828378587961197,
0.46304085850715637,
-0.22895222902297974,
-0.07091698050498962,
-0.11801616847515106,
0.3024996221065521,
0.47207406163215637,
0.04769310727715492,
-0.13096736371517181,
0.21362774074077606,
0.510573148727417,
0.0038710373919457197,
-0.29620832204818726,
0.4474722146987915,
0.46918195486068726,
0.44042497873306274,
-0.26879942417144775,
0.39132925868034363,
0.519362211227417,
0.3291391134262085,
-0.07004371285438538,
0.39560171961784363,
0.5105919241905212,
-0.25702375173568726,
-0.0012195294257253408,
0.43182843923568726,
0.34905534982681274,
-0.3678823709487915,
-0.04871896654367447,
-0.46433669328689575,
0.12630990147590637,
2.305588960647583,
0.37775129079818726,
2.083533763885498,
0.4008930027484894,
-0.045184794813394547,
0.07315885275602341,
-0.15426166355609894,
0.38856858015060425,
0.16607666015625,
-0.44341570138931274,
0.038923997431993484,
-0.096893310546875,
-0.0387323834002018,
0.29400163888931274,
0.08975864946842194,
-0.03238501772284508,
0.229175865650177,
-1.1850210428237915,
0.20762692391872406,
-0.23082321882247925,
0.2012716382741928,
0.21955989301204681,
0.08233114331960678,
0.4876239597797394,
0.04282085597515106,
0.03826376050710678,
-0.0149993896484375,
-0.457275390625,
0.23412616550922394,
-0.19797927141189575,
-0.41763070225715637,
-0.14417442679405212,
0.4632662236690521,
0.1604837328195572,
0.02172088623046875,
0.23639385402202606,
0.03469613939523697,
4.620793342590332,
0.26648184657096863,
-0.194896399974823,
0.24523456394672394,
0.1617431640625,
0.01433416549116373,
0.32065054774284363,
0.24165695905685425,
0.04045259207487106,
0.23714974522590637,
0.27389761805534363,
0.25143668055534363,
-0.02793414704501629,
0.02700790949165821,
0.1800994873046875,
0.2580777704715729,
0.019287696108222008,
0.2530893087387085,
0.13454964756965637,
0.07433099299669266,
0.2762686014175415,
0.2340463548898697,
-0.03971040993928909,
-0.23907470703125,
0.42084211111068726,
0.14223773777484894,
0.4375205338001251,
-0.02760542370378971,
-0.05175077170133591,
0.35658615827560425,
0.4916240870952606,
5.522836685180664,
0.33648210763931274,
0.17639687657356262,
-0.07435373216867447,
0.3245943486690521,
0.2995511591434479,
-0.09689213335514069,
0.02336164563894272,
-0.05132234841585159,
-0.025633005425333977,
-0.13338294625282288,
0.24334247410297394,
-0.05453021824359894,
0.1351694017648697,
-0.018902119249105453,
0.19647216796875,
-0.1439889818429947,
-0.08817863464355469,
-0.3109224736690521,
-0.06246009096503258,
0.48350173234939575,
-0.07113412767648697,
0.08271554857492447,
-0.7216796875,
-0.1518014818429947,
-0.0100250244140625,
-0.29877179861068726,
0.17959564924240112,
-0.04430565610527992,
0.005190335679799318,
0.32949593663215637,
0.7209284901618958,
-0.6051307320594788,
0.07403564453125,
0.13479731976985931,
0.39287859201431274,
0.04320232570171356,
-0.08122282475233078,
-0.23719200491905212,
-0.2020416259765625,
0.42837288975715637,
0.26800537109375,
-0.3234487771987915,
-0.4775390625,
0.22898982465267181,
0.03770153224468231,
-0.1905517578125,
0.09406456351280212,
0.03653775900602341,
-0.12228305637836456,
-0.059131328016519547,
-0.04474346339702606,
1.075120210647583,
-0.08491391688585281,
0.3036639988422394,
0.05251371115446091,
0.112518310546875,
-0.13481491804122925,
-0.46506911516189575,
-0.08820518851280212,
0.46136945486068726,
0.23703238368034363,
0.07227031886577606,
0.506178617477417,
0.17323420941829681,
-0.1335824877023697,
0.48122933506965637,
-0.04693023860454559,
0.44403547048568726,
-0.4346454441547394,
-0.08921726047992706,
0.2881604731082916,
-0.11525081098079681,
-0.011110746301710606,
0.17230106890201569,
0.25760123133659363,
0.3529428243637085,
-0.23853008449077606,
0.24504676461219788,
0.7306190133094788,
-0.026825832203030586,
-0.18934279680252075,
-0.3487454950809479,
-0.25934308767318726,
-0.17698317766189575,
0.12146465480327606,
-0.10208305716514587,
0.014063982293009758,
-0.02614886872470379,
-0.17649254202842712,
0.36630484461784363,
-0.29636794328689575,
-0.5140475034713745,
0.5616173148155212,
0.017221450805664062,
0.02078716643154621,
0.08707134425640106,
0.19825862348079681,
0.10718858987092972,
0.10348158329725266,
-0.1391378492116928,
0.17981895804405212,
0.36561936140060425,
0.032220400869846344,
-0.027146559208631516,
-0.20889517664909363,
-0.0006097647128626704,
-0.03387979418039322,
0.19203068315982819,
-0.04953296482563019,
0.43881461024284363,
0.3643423318862915,
-0.22582538425922394,
0.11685884743928909,
0.014759650453925133
] |
132 | When did the cartoon DuckTales first air? | [
{
"docid": "208067#7",
"text": "The cartoon premiered worldwide between 18–20 September 1987 (the time and date varying between markets), with a television movie special entitled \"\"The Treasure of the Golden Suns\"\", which was later split up into a five-part serial in future reruns. The first season, aired between 1987–88, consisted of 65 episodes, the \"magic number\" requirement needed for a show to have a weekday syndication (five days a week for thirteen weeks). Disney then commissioned three more seasons – the second season (aired between 1988–89) consisted of two television specials entitled \"Time Is Money\" and \"Super DuckTales\", with future reruns splitting them into two five-part serials; the third season (aired between 1989–90) consisted of 18 episodes, with it forming an hour-long syndicated block alongside \"\"; and the fourth season (aired during late 1990) consisted of seven episodes (including three unaired episode meant for the previous season), which was used to form a two-hour long syndicated block called \"The Disney Afternoon\", consisting of \"DuckTales\" and three other half-hour cartoons.",
"title": "DuckTales"
},
{
"docid": "208067#6",
"text": "Walt Disney Television Animation began production on \"DuckTales\" in 1986, with the intention of having it ready for a premiere in 1987, and its episodes airing within a 4-6 p.m. placement, at a time when more children would be watching television, rather than within a morning timeslot. Seeking to create a cartoon with high quality animation, in comparison with other 1980s cartoons which had much lower budgets, the animation was handled by Tokyo Movie Shinsha, having previously been used on two other Disney cartoons in 1985 – \"The Wuzzles\" and \"Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears\" – both of which had demonstrated better quality cartoons on TV than in previous years. Although the Japanese provided them with more available artists for the cartoon, this also increased production costs, due to the currency exchange rates between the yen and the dollar, though Disney intended to invest heavily in its \"DuckTales\"s production, with plans to recuperate its money by having it syndicated via its syndication unit, Buena Vista Television, with a 2.5/3.5 syndicator/station ad split. While this was a concept that worked well with live-action TV reruns, it had only ever been used with inexpensive cartoon series in the past that either recycled theatrical shorts from decades past or only featured limited, low-budget animation, and thus had never been attempted with a high quality animated series, with the heavy investment considered a risky move.",
"title": "DuckTales"
},
{
"docid": "335788#3",
"text": "Some of the early cartoon series on The Disney Afternoon came from already in-circulation cartoons, such as \"Adventures of the Gummi Bears\", which aired on NBC from 1985 to 1988 and then moved to ABC in 1989. \"DuckTales\" premiered in 1987 as Disney was focused on incorporating animated series into its portfolio in the era of cartoons; it was Disney's only syndicated cartoon series until accompanied in 1989 by \".\" These two shows had been packaged together as an hour-long cartoon block from 1989 to 1990, until both shows were incorporated into The Disney Afternoon in September 1990.",
"title": "The Disney Afternoon"
},
{
"docid": "5251720#4",
"text": "In 1987, Jones was recruited by Chris , the head of Disney Music, to compose the music for Disney's first syndicated cartoon series, DuckTales. was impressed with Jones' work during a session on a Hanna-Barbera cartoon and admired the composer's philosophy to respect the intelligence of the audience rather than creating a \"patronizing\" or \"cute\" score that would play down to them. Jones accepted Montag's request to score DuckTales, which became one of the most successful animated programs of all time. Jones worked on DuckTales through 1988, during which time he composed, conducted, arranged, and orchestrated various memorable cues and themes which were reused throughout the show's two-season run.",
"title": "Ron Jones (composer)"
},
{
"docid": "208067#0",
"text": "DuckTales is an American animated television series, produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and distributed by Buena Vista Television. The cartoon series premiered on September 18, 1987, and ran for a total of 100 episodes over four seasons, with its final episode airing on November 28, 1990. Based upon \"Uncle Scrooge\" and other Duck universe comic books created by Carl Barks, the show follows Scrooge McDuck, his three grandnephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie, and close friends of the group, on various adventures, most of which either involve seeking out treasure or thwarting the efforts of villains seeking to steal Scrooge's fortune or his Number One Dime.",
"title": "DuckTales"
},
{
"docid": "3677836#5",
"text": "In 1987, The Walt Disney Company tried its luck at syndication, through its animation production unit Walt Disney Television Animation; \"DuckTales\" debuted that September, experiencing major success and eventually lasting for 100 episodes. The success of \"DuckTales\" paved the way for a second series two years later, \"Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers\". In 1989, the two shows aired together as part of a syndicated daily block called \"The Disney Afternoon\". In 1991, Disney added another hour to the block; \"The Disney Afternoon\" ran until August 29, 1997, when it was replaced by an unnamed block on September 1, 1997, until 1999, which was then replaced by \"Disney's One Too\" (a spinoff of ABC Saturday morning block \"Disney's One Saturday Morning\") - and \"Disney's One Too\" had only lasted for four years on UPN and syndication, until it had died in 2003. Since then, there are only a handful of local networks in the United States for ABC that broadcast children's programming. Otherwise, it has been replaced by reality shows, court shows, tabloid television, talk shows, and among other programming which are meant for adults.",
"title": "Weekday cartoon"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "208067#1",
"text": "\"DuckTales\" has received a franchise of merchandise, including video games and comic books, along with an animated theatrical spin-off film entitled \"\", which was released to theaters across the United States on August 3, 1990. The series is notable for being the first Disney cartoon to be produced for weekday syndication, with its success paving the way for future Disney cartoons, such as \"\" and \"TaleSpin\". The show's popular theme song was written by Mark Mueller. In addition, Launchpad McQuack later returned to appear in another Disney animated series, becoming a main character in \"Darkwing Duck\".",
"title": "DuckTales"
},
{
"docid": "30871079#6",
"text": "On September 10, 1990, \"The Disney Afternoon\" started airing, with \"DuckTales\" included as part of its lineup and takes place after the events of \"\". \"Ducky Mountain High\", \"The Duck Who Knew Too Much\", and \"Scrooge's Last Adventure\" were produced for season three, but did not air until season four.",
"title": "List of DuckTales episodes"
},
{
"docid": "2157619#8",
"text": "The success of DuckTales also paved the way for a new wave of high-quality animated TV series, including Disney's own \"The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh\" in 1988. Later, early that spring, \"Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers\" debuted on March 4, 1989, and was paired with \"DuckTales\" in an hour-long syndicated show through the 1989-1990 television season. In the 1990-1991 season, Disney expanded the idea even further, to create \"The Disney Afternoon\", a two-hour long syndicated block of half-hour cartoons, which premiered much later on September 10, 1990. \"DuckTales\" was one of the early flagship cartoons in the block.",
"title": "Disney Television Animation"
},
{
"docid": "208067#44",
"text": "The success of \"DuckTales\" led to the translation of the show into many languages. Featured together with \"Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers\" in a Sunday morning program titled \"Walt Disney Presents\", the show premiered in the former Soviet Union in 1991, the first American cartoon shown in the region after the Cold War. One year later, \"Darkwing Duck\" was also added to this lineup.\nHowever, the show's theme song (written by Mark Mueller and originally sung by Jeff Pescetto) remained in English for a number of episodes. The first Russian version of the song was replaced midway through the series with an alternate rendition that contained completely different lyrics.",
"title": "DuckTales"
}
] | [
0.45654296875,
0.11506017297506332,
-0.2455342561006546,
0.22852706909179688,
-0.2430267333984375,
0.23339080810546875,
0.3966268002986908,
-0.4005330502986908,
0.639404296875,
0.2436269074678421,
0.0077451071701943874,
-0.375,
-0.08095932006835938,
-0.0013364156475290656,
0.18426513671875,
0.07376114279031754,
0.3555501401424408,
-0.10412660986185074,
-0.08731714636087418,
0.01335581112653017,
-0.12661214172840118,
0.5252685546875,
-0.2909647524356842,
-0.2427469938993454,
0.06633758544921875,
-0.01377105712890625,
-0.1016845703125,
0.179931640625,
0.21722550690174103,
0.4838053286075592,
0.2537943422794342,
0.1406300812959671,
-0.14816665649414062,
0.56884765625,
-0.22131507098674774,
0.2346750944852829,
0.2094523161649704,
-0.14375559985637665,
0.53668212890625,
0.6371663212776184,
0.3174934387207031,
0.1434733122587204,
0.332000732421875,
-0.17326481640338898,
0.78076171875,
-0.1682484894990921,
0.2345733642578125,
0.09521738439798355,
-0.3507181704044342,
0.2928568422794342,
-0.3095804750919342,
-0.09108225256204605,
0.1427256315946579,
-0.2743581235408783,
-0.22541682422161102,
0.7190348505973816,
0.03409155085682869,
0.01648966409265995,
0.1944681853055954,
-0.2480621337890625,
0.26732954382896423,
0.028445562347769737,
-0.10476938635110855,
0.01984405517578125,
0.8012288212776184,
0.6302897334098816,
0.16917164623737335,
0.2105000764131546,
0.13014476001262665,
0.23388417065143585,
0.014025688171386719,
0.24167759716510773,
0.486572265625,
-0.014374096877872944,
-0.2272389680147171,
-0.20184452831745148,
0.2575124204158783,
0.62457275390625,
0.19979095458984375,
-0.6052042841911316,
0.7028605341911316,
-0.10549163818359375,
-0.3319549560546875,
0.19861920177936554,
0.14647674560546875,
0.15565840899944305,
0.15755049884319305,
0.1350962370634079,
0.05742136761546135,
0.3159891664981842,
-0.1180470809340477,
-0.0948028564453125,
-0.05008761212229729,
0.0908660888671875,
0.07702478021383286,
0.13374964892864227,
0.08332443237304688,
-0.4898745119571686,
0.13549423217773438,
-0.21829350292682648,
0.06220054626464844,
-0.2387186735868454,
0.08105182647705078,
0.5133056640625,
-0.08294042199850082,
-0.4635416567325592,
-0.4000142514705658,
0.0642852783203125,
0.13725154101848602,
0.359344482421875,
0.28119659423828125,
-0.1659647673368454,
-0.03831815719604492,
-0.1353708952665329,
0.027907053008675575,
0.042407989501953125,
0.34637197852134705,
-0.07368278503417969,
-0.12058194726705551,
-0.8849284052848816,
0.3238525390625,
0.6974284052848816,
-0.3354085385799408,
-0.14646275341510773,
-0.30670928955078125,
-0.1078287735581398,
0.6277262568473816,
-0.1826934814453125,
0.7234700322151184,
0.4813028872013092,
-0.0837249755859375,
0.030603567138314247,
0.4579874575138092,
0.6742756962776184,
0.4198710024356842,
-0.12137603759765625,
0.12641970813274384,
-0.2339986115694046,
-0.02849324606359005,
0.022113561630249023,
-0.3210042417049408,
0.3010762631893158,
0.4446512758731842,
0.521240234375,
-0.284210205078125,
0.2552591860294342,
0.022257009521126747,
0.5283203125,
0.14808399975299835,
0.4183349609375,
0.41684213280677795,
0.15343856811523438,
-0.17926025390625,
0.3622538149356842,
0.15413951873779297,
0.028720855712890625,
0.14077377319335938,
0.12338510900735855,
-0.202880859375,
0.4967447817325592,
0.60980224609375,
0.3517252504825592,
-0.04933254048228264,
-0.26216378808021545,
-0.02185026742517948,
0.3113759458065033,
-0.15205001831054688,
0.43603515625,
0.4736531674861908,
-0.1417667120695114,
-0.4431355893611908,
-0.0514984130859375,
0.42608642578125,
-0.04566192626953125,
0.1289469450712204,
0.2912190854549408,
-0.4756876528263092,
-0.176177978515625,
-0.0678151473402977,
0.20543034374713898,
0.012239456176757812,
0.6215006709098816,
-0.0848744735121727,
0.0651702880859375,
0.5954996943473816,
0.29449462890625,
-0.4858907163143158,
0.1840570718050003,
0.11828804016113281,
0.33966827392578125,
0.2840372622013092,
0.06680551916360855,
0.5322265625,
0.0781606063246727,
-0.5361328125,
0.0256220493465662,
-0.4622294008731842,
0.20584933459758759,
-0.18041451275348663,
0.13266246020793915,
-0.25313058495521545,
-0.06241607666015625,
-0.6413981318473816,
0.2444966584444046,
0.3472493588924408,
-0.0705668106675148,
-0.2606150209903717,
0.189727783203125,
-0.2243245393037796,
-0.3180033266544342,
-0.4111989438533783,
0.1978505402803421,
0.35975900292396545,
0.4023335874080658,
-0.16773732006549835,
0.3773396909236908,
-0.3336944580078125,
-0.38919320702552795,
0.33770880103111267,
-0.11698802560567856,
-0.3915812075138092,
0.400787353515625,
-0.190673828125,
0.10593286901712418,
0.3545430600643158,
-0.11231613159179688,
-0.3387857973575592,
-0.8677164912223816,
0.08031463623046875,
0.271331787109375,
0.2290446013212204,
0.3017323911190033,
-0.09780248254537582,
0.040869712829589844,
-0.00814946461468935,
-0.36053466796875,
0.2158610075712204,
0.1392974853515625,
-0.2828470766544342,
-0.08450444787740707,
0.060911815613508224,
-0.3415743410587311,
-0.21793492138385773,
0.6262105107307434,
0.4097900390625,
-0.434295654296875,
-0.00931692123413086,
0.11977776139974594,
-0.4426065981388092,
-0.22528076171875,
-0.061571281403303146,
-0.2034047394990921,
0.4869588315486908,
0.4185994565486908,
-0.41619873046875,
0.01410675048828125,
-0.047730762511491776,
0.07065582275390625,
-0.14253854751586914,
0.12975311279296875,
0.2890218198299408,
0.13037587702274323,
0.3639729917049408,
0.7502848505973816,
-0.06804212182760239,
-0.03967730328440666,
0.06011803820729256,
0.6013997197151184,
-0.26968637108802795,
0.2591133117675781,
0.8168233036994934,
-0.11782964318990707,
0.14101791381835938,
0.42439523339271545,
-0.1613922119140625,
0.29697418212890625,
0.2877817153930664,
0.11969248205423355,
-0.4227091372013092,
0.46759033203125,
0.2298990935087204,
0.16886647045612335,
-0.0977884903550148,
0.08331171423196793,
0.8015543818473816,
0.276580810546875,
-0.0358225516974926,
0.10678863525390625,
-0.1012725830078125,
-0.10767745971679688,
0.2816060483455658,
0.37109375,
-0.47149658203125,
-0.14928436279296875,
-0.1833140105009079,
0.13683319091796875,
0.01580810546875,
-0.05627695843577385,
-0.04490216448903084,
0.03541191294789314,
0.4630126953125,
-0.4108072817325592,
0.45263671875,
0.45800527930259705,
-0.02301677130162716,
-0.062530517578125,
-0.09996620565652847,
0.1298389434814453,
-0.287139892578125,
0.0526885986328125,
0.7314860224723816,
-0.89990234375,
-0.143890380859375,
0.3778890073299408,
0.250457763671875,
0.22037124633789062,
-0.012265046127140522,
-0.0193049106746912,
0.2206980437040329,
0.161376953125,
-0.07991409301757812,
-0.02074432373046875,
-0.333984375,
0.05606015399098396,
0.3620198667049408,
-0.3907369077205658,
0.06540385633707047,
-0.13678137958049774,
0.2376188039779663,
0.1085662841796875,
0.398406982421875,
0.2646840512752533,
-0.18289439380168915,
-0.11089960485696793,
-0.0396728515625,
0.222564697265625,
0.15689341723918915,
0.13398869335651398,
-0.1879170686006546,
-0.2927767336368561,
0.3573455810546875,
-0.06380049139261246,
-0.20477294921875,
0.4452718198299408,
0.1464284211397171,
0.06868362426757812,
0.0673472061753273,
-0.1061859130859375,
0.4367268979549408,
-0.07979238033294678,
0.38038507103919983,
0.1979166716337204,
-0.1229146346449852,
-0.4083658754825592,
0.269683837890625,
0.0519663505256176,
0.28617605566978455,
0.17812533676624298,
0.2943216860294342,
-0.16965103149414062,
0.15428416430950165,
0.0894622802734375,
0.0623982734978199,
0.05344708636403084,
0.129302978515625,
0.12741851806640625,
-0.2036081999540329,
0.05692513659596443,
0.12749290466308594,
0.3119913637638092,
-0.12644068896770477,
-0.22180938720703125,
0.31927490234375,
0.236480712890625,
-0.5087077021598816,
-0.0888764038681984,
-0.1390584260225296,
0.4815317690372467,
0.4577433168888092,
0.3040262758731842,
0.399383544921875,
0.5846354365348816,
-0.2647756040096283,
-0.1463267058134079,
-0.0713907852768898,
0.07708803564310074,
-0.1355438232421875,
-0.07002004235982895,
-0.09207598119974136,
-0.08031845092773438,
0.3924560546875,
0.19828541576862335,
-0.73516845703125,
0.2750142514705658,
-0.4379170835018158,
0.05356025695800781,
0.2646586000919342,
0.1664683073759079,
0.233306884765625,
0.015514373779296875,
-0.02092742919921875,
0.05857276916503906,
0.17034275829792023,
0.21142578125,
4.254068851470947,
0.044602882117033005,
0.3658548891544342,
0.3069915771484375,
-0.1605478972196579,
0.237548828125,
0.03975025936961174,
-0.265106201171875,
0.10587374120950699,
-0.058561962097883224,
0.020122528076171875,
0.016748109832406044,
-0.08375517278909683,
-0.3074900209903717,
0.02128422260284424,
0.3229573667049408,
0.07418251037597656,
-0.1206410750746727,
0.519287109375,
0.2612406313419342,
-0.314300537109375,
0.2044391632080078,
0.3143514096736908,
0.10459136962890625,
0.41853585839271545,
-0.1445414274930954,
0.3417460024356842,
-0.30340322852134705,
-0.04316898062825203,
0.1417032927274704,
0.2153371125459671,
-0.05736510083079338,
-0.13326533138751984,
-0.04706128314137459,
-0.6742960810661316,
0.20927302539348602,
0.11744944006204605,
0.2207895964384079,
0.5361124873161316,
-0.047261714935302734,
0.051273345947265625,
0.3621724545955658,
0.2596333920955658,
0.3376363217830658,
0.6239420771598816,
-0.06415048986673355,
-0.014641125686466694,
0.4302978515625,
-0.39337158203125,
-0.5827229619026184,
0.1901601105928421,
0.24138641357421875,
-0.10988712310791016,
0.2083842009305954,
0.2293294221162796,
0.38311767578125,
0.3017476499080658,
0.3217976987361908,
0.011716008186340332,
-0.1898905485868454,
0.06410614401102066,
0.0140838623046875,
0.3489634096622467,
0.12431684881448746,
-0.030158519744873047,
-0.2111002653837204,
0.16135092079639435,
0.078083835542202,
0.2197469025850296,
-0.2480824738740921,
0.3391469419002533,
0.3870442807674408,
0.7620036005973816,
-0.159393310546875,
0.11421680450439453,
0.05415280535817146,
-0.2564341127872467,
-0.3683420717716217,
0.1532440185546875,
0.1328125,
0.11403322219848633,
-0.045383453369140625,
0.46368408203125,
0.1174825057387352,
0.0019098917255178094,
0.4772237241268158,
-0.2047901153564453,
-0.12022781372070312,
0.4437459409236908,
0.2274729460477829,
0.10305913537740707,
0.02446492575109005,
0.13351058959960938,
0.0908050537109375,
0.3152580261230469,
0.1983286589384079,
-0.2289683073759079,
-3.9388020038604736,
-0.0797271728515625,
0.015225092880427837,
0.30078125,
0.1899464875459671,
0.2856292724609375,
-0.10104942321777344,
0.1991914063692093,
-0.286224365234375,
0.4342142641544342,
-0.0624542236328125,
0.3429361879825592,
-0.4771321713924408,
0.5588302612304688,
0.281402587890625,
0.0045216879807412624,
-0.05548524856567383,
0.252899169921875,
0.47235107421875,
-0.1296606808900833,
0.2293872833251953,
-0.32988229393959045,
0.5601806640625,
-0.4034423828125,
-0.0081939697265625,
-0.0943400040268898,
0.17071278393268585,
-0.06629689782857895,
-0.4422709047794342,
0.175140380859375,
-0.2595062255859375,
0.4654541015625,
0.3465576171875,
-0.11321258544921875,
0.3161519467830658,
-0.017120957374572754,
0.5770263671875,
-0.21735255420207977,
0.73779296875,
0.26384449005126953,
-0.1425120085477829,
0.3374481201171875,
0.3992207944393158,
0.1574452668428421,
-0.0822041854262352,
-0.004390716552734375,
-0.2231190949678421,
0.06104723736643791,
-0.17610931396484375,
-0.15458805859088898,
0.07052739709615707,
0.3258260190486908,
0.2126820832490921,
-0.0076344809494912624,
0.4735921323299408,
-0.0586751289665699,
-0.4454549252986908,
-0.3548787534236908,
0.1848248690366745,
0.07452646642923355,
0.00012282530951779336,
-0.14638011157512665,
0.09661611169576645,
0.5563761591911316,
0.13001950085163116,
-0.26955413818359375,
-0.3734944760799408,
0.07979074865579605,
0.05198800563812256,
-0.09001413732767105,
0.4301808774471283,
-0.05892133712768555,
0.07412274926900864,
0.10886891931295395,
-0.056426841765642166,
0.13820774853229523,
-0.2528127133846283,
0.2699178159236908,
0.5562540888786316,
0.06622568517923355,
-0.11295127868652344,
-0.3106587827205658,
-0.38616943359375,
0.477508544921875,
2.3599445819854736,
0.26922607421875,
2.2157390117645264,
0.6201171875,
0.31552886962890625,
0.24108123779296875,
-0.2567952573299408,
-0.28143310546875,
0.3367513120174408,
0.06023995205760002,
0.05014091357588768,
0.27319207787513733,
0.349609375,
0.17658869922161102,
-0.13777987658977509,
0.03342998027801514,
0.26629638671875,
-0.9377848505973816,
-0.04637400433421135,
-0.18956756591796875,
0.294281005859375,
0.4660440981388092,
0.1073150634765625,
0.31405362486839294,
0.25299072265625,
-0.254425048828125,
-0.32551321387290955,
0.03942616656422615,
0.515625,
-0.3995157778263092,
-0.1462046355009079,
-0.2016448974609375,
0.725830078125,
-0.031200408935546875,
0.03425025939941406,
0.2686665952205658,
0.0984039306640625,
4.698567867279053,
-0.17157427966594696,
-0.282379150390625,
0.044447582215070724,
0.366851806640625,
0.3163725435733795,
0.3916219174861908,
-0.036769669502973557,
0.2753194272518158,
0.35116538405418396,
0.4727986752986908,
0.6241251826286316,
-0.08678499609231949,
-0.23716990649700165,
0.4293416440486908,
0.1434345245361328,
0.08635997772216797,
0.355499267578125,
0.278106689453125,
0.20323944091796875,
0.07441440969705582,
0.08418909460306168,
0.5200398564338684,
0.10789235681295395,
0.09376144409179688,
-0.09351348876953125,
0.09415435791015625,
-0.11469777673482895,
-0.02193196676671505,
0.3875376284122467,
0.3812357485294342,
5.379557132720947,
0.35675048828125,
0.241729736328125,
-0.23572921752929688,
-0.40032958984375,
0.2155558317899704,
-0.1587066650390625,
0.24260203540325165,
-0.4531046450138092,
-0.03758132457733154,
-0.1915944367647171,
0.2999661862850189,
-0.3768412172794342,
0.4967854917049408,
0.032914478331804276,
0.3577880859375,
-0.25299072265625,
0.2071889191865921,
0.18806076049804688,
0.038794200867414474,
0.4339599609375,
0.1172129288315773,
0.0671437606215477,
-0.5945027470588684,
-0.35421690344810486,
-0.21577708423137665,
-0.3224080502986908,
0.6888020634651184,
-0.05214691162109375,
-0.004497528076171875,
0.1372273713350296,
0.3612467348575592,
-0.1802641600370407,
0.0568389892578125,
-0.3607991635799408,
0.25838470458984375,
0.3393758237361908,
0.0192235317081213,
-0.27733612060546875,
0.06970596313476562,
0.15440718829631805,
0.568603515625,
0.1250355988740921,
-0.3928731381893158,
-0.05275726318359375,
-0.035910289734601974,
-0.038917701691389084,
0.1545257568359375,
-0.055145263671875,
0.2075602263212204,
0.0799560546875,
-0.380218505859375,
1.295654296875,
0.2878023684024811,
-0.057539623230695724,
0.2083638459444046,
0.1665455847978592,
0.1246693953871727,
0.049134254455566406,
-0.264923095703125,
0.399505615234375,
0.12859344482421875,
0.0120849609375,
0.019047021865844727,
0.1948343962430954,
-0.06973234564065933,
0.1636708527803421,
-0.10864511877298355,
0.7982177734375,
-0.14432525634765625,
0.09019485861063004,
0.1132609024643898,
-0.160614013671875,
0.1728108674287796,
-0.3691202700138092,
0.2016143798828125,
0.2804718017578125,
-0.1787312775850296,
0.1398722380399704,
0.011339346878230572,
0.07218042761087418,
0.052243709564208984,
-0.2828775942325592,
0.20800018310546875,
0.101287841796875,
-0.06851577758789062,
-0.3304850161075592,
0.2117411345243454,
0.5986328125,
0.2272135466337204,
0.04470093920826912,
0.3037312924861908,
-0.02686309814453125,
0.2506745755672455,
-0.20244598388671875,
-0.12397512048482895,
0.37008920311927795,
0.5038655400276184,
0.013332366943359375,
-0.05086946487426758,
-0.1112314835190773,
0.1716492921113968,
-0.2791646420955658,
-0.05408318713307381,
0.240386962890625,
-0.055316925048828125,
0.4342041015625,
-0.12471389770507812,
-0.009288151748478413,
0.29730224609375,
0.4096883237361908,
0.4186502993106842,
-0.16001129150390625,
-0.280487060546875,
-0.05148204043507576
] |
134 | When was the World Wide Web invented? | [
{
"docid": "30510498#1",
"text": "Web navigation came about with the introduction of the World Wide Web, in 1989 when Timothy Berners-Lee invented it. Once the world wide web was available, web navigation increasingly became a major aspect and role in jobs and everyday lives. With one-third of the world’s population now using the internet, web navigation maintains a global use in today's ever evolving international society. Web navigation is not restricted to just computers, either, as mobile phones and tablets have added avenues for access to the ever-growing information on the web today. The most recent wave of technology which has affected web navigation is the introduction and growth of the smartphone. As of January 2014, 58% of American adults owned a smart phone, and that number is on the rise from previous years. Web navigation has evolved from a restricted action, to something that many people across the world now do on a daily basis.",
"title": "Web navigation"
},
{
"docid": "33139#0",
"text": "The World Wide Web, also known as the WWW and the Web, is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the Internet. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. The browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.",
"title": "World Wide Web"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "57837019#1",
"text": "Two decades after Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, he outlined the design issues of what later became the Solid project in drafts he wrote for the World Wide Web Consortium. Berners-Lee became increasingly dismayed at seeing his invention being abused, such as when Russian hackers allegedly interfered with the 2016 US elections, when the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal became public, when Facebook in 2012 conducted psychological experiments on nearly 700,000 users in secret, and when Google and Amazon applied for patents on devices that listen for emotional changes in human voices.",
"title": "Solid (web decentralization project)"
},
{
"docid": "26038653#1",
"text": "The series was announced on 10 July 2009, under the working title of \"Digital Revolution\", to examine the impact the World Wide Web has had on society over its first 20 years. Technology journalist and academic Aleks Krotoski would present. The series was launched with an event at the BBC to mark the twentieth anniversary of the World Wide Web, which saw Tim Berners-Lee (credited with inventing the World Wide Web), Susan Greenfield, Bill Thompson and Chris Anderson discuss the World Wide Web.",
"title": "The Virtual Revolution"
},
{
"docid": "31550#10",
"text": "As early as 1972, a demonstration iteration developed by Cal Daniels failed to reach fruition when Nelson was forced to return the project's rented Data General Nova minicomputer due to financial exigencies. Nelson has stated that some aspects of his vision are being fulfilled by Tim Berners-Lee's invention of the World Wide Web, but he dislikes the World Wide Web, XML and all embedded markup – regarding Berners-Lee's work as a gross over-simplification of his original vision: HTML is precisely what we were trying to PREVENT— ever-breaking links, links going outward only, quotes you can't follow to their origins, no version management, no rights management.",
"title": "Ted Nelson"
},
{
"docid": "179849#3",
"text": "WebDAV began in 1996 when Jim Whitehead, a PhD graduate from UC Irvine, worked with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to host two meetings to discuss the problem of distributed authoring on the World Wide Web with interested people.\nTim Berners-Lee's original vision of the Web involved a medium for both reading and writing. In fact, Berners-Lee's first web browser, called WorldWideWeb, could both view and edit web pages; but, as the Web grew, it became a read-only medium for most users. Whitehead and other like-minded people wanted to transcend that limitation.",
"title": "WebDAV"
},
{
"docid": "29033738#13",
"text": "In the late 1980s, Berners-Lee, then a scientist at CERN, invented the World Wide Web to meet the demand for simple and immediate information-sharing among physicists working at CERN and different universities or institutes all over the world.",
"title": "History of hypertext"
},
{
"docid": "13692#61",
"text": "Precursors to the web browser emerged in the form of hyperlinked applications during the mid and late 1980s (the bare concept of hyperlinking had by then existed for some decades). Following these, Tim Berners-Lee is credited with inventing the World Wide Web in 1989 and developing in 1990 both the first web server, and the first web browser, called WorldWideWeb (no spaces) and later renamed Nexus. Many others were soon developed, with Marc Andreessen's 1993 Mosaic (later Netscape), being particularly easy to use and install, and often credited with sparking the internet boom of the 1990s. Today, the major web browsers are Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera and Safari.",
"title": "History of the Internet"
},
{
"docid": "19548#29",
"text": "Though the World Wide Web was invented almost thirty years after \"The Gutenberg Galaxy\", and ten years after his death, McLuhan prophesied the web technology seen today as early as 1962:",
"title": "Marshall McLuhan"
},
{
"docid": "1619085#0",
"text": "The World Wide Web Virtual Library was the first index of content on the World Wide Web and still operates as a directory of e-texts and information sources on the web. It was started by Tim Berners-Lee creator of HTML and the World Wide Web itself, in 1991 at CERN in Geneva. Unlike commercial index sites, it is run by a loose confederation of volunteers, who compile pages of key links for particular areas in which they are expert. It is sometimes informally referred to as the \"WWWVL\", the \"Virtual Library\" or just \"the VL\".",
"title": "World Wide Web Virtual Library"
}
] | [
0.4738525450229645,
0.11501159518957138,
-0.3865722715854645,
0.18703612685203552,
0.06694946438074112,
-0.23966065049171448,
0.47119140625,
-0.32982176542282104,
0.03567352145910263,
0.23648682236671448,
-0.2491527497768402,
-0.03519592434167862,
-0.46733397245407104,
-0.0035255432594567537,
0.04497985914349556,
-0.03742523118853569,
0.4375976622104645,
0.17066650092601776,
0.25229644775390625,
0.08798446506261826,
0.0987091064453125,
0.551464855670929,
-0.08366470038890839,
-0.05744476243853569,
0.098297119140625,
0.3441528379917145,
-0.22102050483226776,
0.24556884169578552,
0.21456298232078552,
0.3619140684604645,
0.109710693359375,
-0.16057738661766052,
-0.2528442442417145,
0.5722900629043579,
-0.3920044004917145,
0.18294677138328552,
0.20528563857078552,
0.4777587950229645,
0.4811767637729645,
-0.1258285492658615,
-0.0554351806640625,
0.07172145694494247,
0.5917724370956421,
-0.04525451734662056,
0.574145495891571,
0.13170203566551208,
0.23096923530101776,
-0.05283012241125107,
-0.2014555037021637,
-0.1068735122680664,
-0.25624388456344604,
0.021681975573301315,
-0.301361083984375,
-0.30632323026657104,
-0.4266601502895355,
0.3655029237270355,
0.3823608458042145,
0.4972900450229645,
-0.462158203125,
0.2999519407749176,
0.26185303926467896,
-0.12543849647045135,
0.020344924181699753,
0.07518768310546875,
0.282052606344223,
0.24566650390625,
-0.06813430786132812,
0.21979980170726776,
0.19062499701976776,
0.04867973178625107,
0.0700450912117958,
0.1377876251935959,
0.3229614198207855,
-0.20704039931297302,
-0.02687683142721653,
-0.36835938692092896,
0.09550323337316513,
-0.05641937255859375,
0.21400146186351776,
-0.03377227857708931,
0.13953284919261932,
-0.2646240293979645,
-0.1205596923828125,
0.3624267578125,
-0.058628082275390625,
0.360107421875,
-0.04662475734949112,
0.33961182832717896,
0.10956116020679474,
0.595043957233429,
-0.20267334580421448,
0.07001113891601562,
0.322509765625,
0.21733132004737854,
0.10559578239917755,
0.14772948622703552,
0.19642409682273865,
-0.18779754638671875,
-0.2274169921875,
0.0014984130393713713,
-0.09014892578125,
-0.26604002714157104,
-0.10882730782032013,
0.481689453125,
0.1045631393790245,
-0.3617919981479645,
-0.42497557401657104,
-0.11621399223804474,
0.28520506620407104,
0.41943359375,
0.32171630859375,
-0.36418455839157104,
0.22690430283546448,
-0.3380065858364105,
0.22781983017921448,
0.13865967094898224,
0.31424036622047424,
-0.04844226688146591,
-0.29727858304977417,
-0.547985851764679,
0.42412108182907104,
0.22942963242530823,
-0.2887939512729645,
-0.14093589782714844,
-0.3463989198207855,
-0.34356069564819336,
0.4664550721645355,
0.06462173163890839,
0.7295898199081421,
0.4919677674770355,
-0.196380615234375,
0.08776016533374786,
0.2584291398525238,
0.4965576231479645,
0.184539794921875,
0.38508301973342896,
0.13413086533546448,
-0.12053070217370987,
0.2002822905778885,
-0.2235260009765625,
-0.5613037347793579,
0.0006278991932049394,
0.23677977919578552,
0.600756824016571,
-0.26765137910842896,
0.21202698349952698,
0.09883613884449005,
0.46601563692092896,
0.12639084458351135,
0.259246826171875,
0.42176514863967896,
0.4968017637729645,
-0.17029114067554474,
0.3443969786167145,
-0.32478028535842896,
-0.047228239476680756,
0.2529052793979645,
0.4903808534145355,
-0.03798065334558487,
0.3659912049770355,
0.7145019769668579,
0.19123534858226776,
0.2537780702114105,
0.14916077256202698,
-0.1681191474199295,
0.023767853155732155,
-0.07187919318675995,
0.14522704482078552,
0.49323731660842896,
-0.23903807997703552,
-0.18635253608226776,
0.00792007427662611,
0.12027893215417862,
-0.25312501192092896,
0.20513916015625,
0.15534667670726776,
-0.36329346895217896,
0.033728934824466705,
0.044011689722537994,
0.12568168342113495,
0.17410889267921448,
0.06340637058019638,
-0.11632232367992401,
0.1485910415649414,
0.42265623807907104,
0.142974853515625,
-0.131262868642807,
-0.2000679075717926,
-0.16060790419578552,
0.29881590604782104,
0.16383056342601776,
-0.07301636040210724,
0.4746337831020355,
-0.6612548828125,
-0.17763061821460724,
0.06813812255859375,
0.04984283447265625,
0.25892335176467896,
-0.07234878838062286,
0.08524169772863388,
0.04483184963464737,
0.10815391689538956,
-0.36018067598342896,
0.13054504990577698,
0.4074951112270355,
-0.19039002060890198,
-0.44853514432907104,
0.09561309963464737,
-0.4913574159145355,
-0.03372650220990181,
-0.009799194522202015,
0.07434463500976562,
0.688769519329071,
0.21670837700366974,
0.04803771898150444,
0.4869628846645355,
0.43359375,
-0.01420745812356472,
0.48198240995407104,
0.24094848334789276,
-0.3189453184604645,
0.58154296875,
-0.12657013535499573,
0.0024938583374023438,
-0.13199463486671448,
-0.157867431640625,
0.016545485705137253,
-0.578442394733429,
0.1385318785905838,
0.3913818299770355,
0.19002608954906464,
0.1777801513671875,
0.01568145677447319,
-0.550830066204071,
0.10716400295495987,
0.31275635957717896,
0.638671875,
0.1297347992658615,
0.03455505520105362,
-0.07307319343090057,
0.5938965082168579,
0.33887940645217896,
-0.18050536513328552,
0.16815796494483948,
0.33793944120407104,
-0.34349364042282104,
0.30963134765625,
0.22191162407398224,
-0.08136367797851562,
0.11482391506433487,
0.2225341796875,
-0.4270996153354645,
0.19128723442554474,
0.3411621153354645,
-0.25379639863967896,
0.34490966796875,
0.11560974270105362,
0.19154663383960724,
0.032300710678100586,
0.01872539520263672,
0.06386890262365341,
0.3537231385707855,
0.15562744438648224,
0.39866942167282104,
-0.1848602294921875,
-0.31926268339157104,
0.4020752012729645,
0.44111329317092896,
0.18576660752296448,
0.17618103325366974,
0.40642088651657104,
-0.3947997987270355,
-0.05979614332318306,
0.166310116648674,
-0.29719239473342896,
0.38164061307907104,
0.4424804747104645,
0.36040037870407104,
-0.21106262505054474,
0.29313355684280396,
0.21288757026195526,
-0.04302978515625,
-0.013039970770478249,
0.23673096299171448,
0.47736817598342896,
0.22130736708641052,
-0.10016174614429474,
-0.10872955620288849,
-0.2567489743232727,
-0.5035644769668579,
0.10431861877441406,
0.4124999940395355,
-0.4995361268520355,
-0.4186035096645355,
0.13484802842140198,
0.0565948486328125,
-0.13615722954273224,
0.008411789312958717,
-0.0035995482467114925,
-0.20633545517921448,
0.7468017339706421,
-0.552978515625,
0.18986205756664276,
0.624951183795929,
0.0732189193367958,
-0.26483154296875,
-0.12286376953125,
0.08914490044116974,
-0.0029060363303869963,
0.10797424614429474,
0.30308836698532104,
-0.7650390863418579,
-0.257080078125,
0.38714599609375,
0.41490477323532104,
0.608642578125,
0.3343048095703125,
0.150909423828125,
0.35551756620407104,
-0.058988191187381744,
-0.23087158799171448,
-0.0989837646484375,
-0.38972169160842896,
0.258544921875,
0.08775939792394638,
-0.35633546113967896,
0.024531936272978783,
-0.32673949003219604,
0.1905364990234375,
0.407470703125,
0.189564511179924,
0.45939940214157104,
-0.33348387479782104,
-0.3756828308105469,
-0.17950439453125,
0.22531738877296448,
0.1433769166469574,
0.672412097454071,
-0.19489745795726776,
-0.045189667493104935,
-0.1091461181640625,
-0.1427001953125,
-0.0628124251961708,
0.16034241020679474,
-0.17471924424171448,
0.17200927436351776,
-0.16249695420265198,
-0.228038027882576,
-0.036521147936582565,
-0.09980583190917969,
0.018023109063506126,
-0.05005302280187607,
0.16487503051757812,
0.10126342624425888,
0.30711060762405396,
0.0006471633678302169,
0.5084136724472046,
0.06763610988855362,
0.4166015684604645,
-0.24311523139476776,
0.17395630478858948,
0.507153332233429,
0.31280517578125,
0.06302928924560547,
0.33769530057907104,
-0.10798721015453339,
-0.025940895080566406,
-0.32086181640625,
0.09944172203540802,
0.19516296684741974,
0.20996704697608948,
-0.057950593531131744,
-0.31254881620407104,
0.131622314453125,
-0.29407960176467896,
0.09252776950597763,
-0.06613807380199432,
0.5364013910293579,
0.38227540254592896,
0.167755126953125,
0.068695068359375,
0.5898681879043579,
0.27619630098342896,
0.0021926879417151213,
-0.37507325410842896,
-0.047710418701171875,
-0.10519103705883026,
0.048073578625917435,
0.026834869757294655,
0.07763061672449112,
0.17573241889476776,
-0.030093764886260033,
0.09264393150806427,
-0.13927917182445526,
0.03692131116986275,
-0.24753418564796448,
-0.021529387682676315,
0.06688690185546875,
0.0082244873046875,
0.025615405291318893,
0.09418640285730362,
0.551220715045929,
0.5854736566543579,
0.30561524629592896,
4.191015720367432,
-0.16171875596046448,
0.35041505098342896,
-0.672607421875,
-0.06422577053308487,
0.14040526747703552,
0.18515320122241974,
-0.02695159986615181,
0.06233825534582138,
0.01346664410084486,
-0.08638457953929901,
-0.05145912244915962,
-0.075647734105587,
0.00768280029296875,
-0.05561675876379013,
0.16275939345359802,
-0.13340453803539276,
0.018636321648955345,
-0.2809204161167145,
0.41582030057907104,
-0.26759034395217896,
0.6591796875,
0.23544922471046448,
0.22157593071460724,
0.3156982362270355,
0.08451385796070099,
0.28680419921875,
0.27000731229782104,
0.6492675542831421,
0.21890869736671448,
0.2742553651332855,
-0.203765869140625,
0.17150573432445526,
-0.026343727484345436,
-0.547332763671875,
0.12753906846046448,
0.4026122987270355,
0.22822265326976776,
0.24703368544578552,
-0.028213119134306908,
-0.35296630859375,
0.44475096464157104,
-0.02493896521627903,
0.4736084043979645,
0.20236817002296448,
-0.14890137314796448,
-0.10291595757007599,
0.41643065214157104,
0.1238250732421875,
-0.32672119140625,
0.07858014106750488,
-0.12450561672449112,
-0.1146087646484375,
0.11785431206226349,
0.2666015625,
0.5358642339706421,
0.24189452826976776,
0.18935851752758026,
-0.15394897758960724,
-0.24939575791358948,
-0.20379944145679474,
-0.3636230528354645,
0.04366149753332138,
0.09946441650390625,
-0.1179100051522255,
0.13685913383960724,
0.5415283441543579,
0.7552734613418579,
0.586987316608429,
-0.02524108812212944,
0.2061767578125,
0.3182128965854645,
-0.05846424028277397,
-0.12342071533203125,
0.029297685250639915,
-0.02136535570025444,
-0.11110381782054901,
0.11602020263671875,
0.12386779487133026,
-0.06646623462438583,
0.06724739074707031,
-0.14177246391773224,
0.13389892876148224,
0.05018462985754013,
-0.25401002168655396,
0.471435546875,
0.06511840969324112,
-0.4874023497104645,
0.639208972454071,
0.28876954317092896,
0.30012208223342896,
-0.02613678015768528,
0.22166748344898224,
0.04922027513384819,
0.4220947325229645,
0.026514053344726562,
0.13477401435375214,
-4.023241996765137,
0.0008797645568847656,
0.09958954155445099,
0.14944609999656677,
0.008148526772856712,
0.21602173149585724,
0.14998245239257812,
-0.13322296738624573,
-0.12441100925207138,
0.16010284423828125,
0.174285888671875,
-0.01803131029009819,
-0.230224609375,
0.4276123046875,
0.21040649712085724,
0.1598438322544098,
0.3610992431640625,
0.1944839507341385,
0.32819825410842896,
-0.15273742377758026,
0.0007873534923419356,
-0.18903732299804688,
0.229705810546875,
-0.31920164823532104,
0.771484375,
0.234649658203125,
0.22976073622703552,
-0.28668212890625,
0.29528045654296875,
0.17693480849266052,
-0.11561889946460724,
-0.015050506219267845,
0.27448731660842896,
-0.3933349549770355,
0.24208983778953552,
0.3799804747104645,
0.15101929008960724,
-0.05530395358800888,
0.24777832627296448,
0.42174071073532104,
-0.22207030653953552,
-0.1530609130859375,
0.32586669921875,
-0.078211210668087,
0.11308746039867401,
0.30600205063819885,
-0.17769774794578552,
-0.021030236035585403,
0.021593857556581497,
0.1370895355939865,
0.20098724961280823,
0.2271728515625,
-0.34703367948532104,
-0.05590210109949112,
0.6319335699081421,
-0.21125182509422302,
-0.32097166776657104,
0.3332763612270355,
0.24879761040210724,
0.38134765625,
0.3228767514228821,
0.24781951308250427,
0.2904052734375,
0.33775633573532104,
-0.03731384128332138,
-0.2261962890625,
0.13870850205421448,
0.40428465604782104,
0.4020752012729645,
-0.3332885801792145,
0.38018798828125,
0.18942871689796448,
0.22788695991039276,
0.09431762993335724,
0.28057861328125,
0.23485413193702698,
0.14538268744945526,
-0.05028533935546875,
0.43806153535842896,
0.2566696107387543,
0.02661590650677681,
0.29121094942092896,
-0.3847412168979645,
0.24595336616039276,
2.253613233566284,
0.4161621034145355,
2.14404296875,
0.21174316108226776,
-0.0009567260858602822,
0.19014891982078552,
-0.36604005098342896,
0.20466461777687073,
0.19987182319164276,
-0.09833069145679474,
-0.08904170989990234,
-0.02398376539349556,
-0.19115599989891052,
0.07356567680835724,
-0.3830932676792145,
-0.145466610789299,
0.3082031309604645,
-1.242773413658142,
-0.012850952334702015,
-0.05977020412683487,
0.11903610080480576,
-0.008670806884765625,
-0.17863769829273224,
0.40753173828125,
0.4641357362270355,
0.07753296196460724,
-0.15235595405101776,
0.18970946967601776,
0.204193115234375,
-0.17952270805835724,
-0.02614746056497097,
-0.16489258408546448,
0.22894287109375,
0.0277252197265625,
-0.0008396148914471269,
0.25822144746780396,
-0.056293487548828125,
4.73046875,
0.06009521335363388,
-0.18884888291358948,
0.11004638671875,
-0.08620147407054901,
0.02381439134478569,
0.44270020723342896,
0.042275525629520416,
0.03701172024011612,
-0.2646118104457855,
0.46824949979782104,
0.355377197265625,
-0.19489745795726776,
-0.05265503004193306,
-0.020409394055604935,
0.0952552780508995,
0.06079254299402237,
0.047299575060606,
0.16087035834789276,
0.31378173828125,
0.44025880098342896,
0.1829483062028885,
0.2541610598564148,
-0.1612701416015625,
0.28175657987594604,
0.24843749403953552,
0.184844970703125,
-0.28352051973342896,
0.07602576911449432,
0.6728760004043579,
0.6306396722793579,
5.480859279632568,
0.4351562559604645,
0.1002044677734375,
-0.14815673232078552,
0.05917968600988388,
0.04238281399011612,
-0.17060546576976776,
-0.1287589967250824,
-0.3180297911167145,
-0.07090701907873154,
-0.30042725801467896,
0.320098876953125,
-0.32838135957717896,
0.18364715576171875,
0.3823486268520355,
0.565478503704071,
-0.08981895446777344,
-0.1667095124721527,
0.07043151557445526,
0.09038543701171875,
0.18770141899585724,
-0.03784942626953125,
0.19431152939796448,
-0.565625011920929,
-0.14835205674171448,
-0.10556640475988388,
-0.06795959174633026,
0.4764160215854645,
-0.048137664794921875,
-0.09824524074792862,
0.609082043170929,
0.12197265774011612,
-0.0027141571044921875,
0.18938598036766052,
-0.12888184189796448,
0.3150634765625,
0.17432251572608948,
-0.04768791049718857,
0.524365246295929,
0.008168029598891735,
0.32670897245407104,
0.4893554747104645,
-0.19932250678539276,
0.14714355766773224,
0.08321189880371094,
-0.3379760682582855,
-0.255126953125,
0.03528594970703125,
0.13181762397289276,
-0.22210082411766052,
0.09149780124425888,
0.023104095831513405,
1.08203125,
0.15418167412281036,
-0.17368774116039276,
0.18039551377296448,
-0.13869018852710724,
-0.074498750269413,
0.13912352919578552,
0.16120299696922302,
0.3996826112270355,
0.0819091796875,
-0.024993896484375,
0.15011291205883026,
0.298583984375,
-0.009529304690659046,
0.17983397841453552,
0.08305931091308594,
0.4782470762729645,
-0.02397613599896431,
0.145416259765625,
0.04700622707605362,
-0.10453414916992188,
0.19930343329906464,
0.03836975246667862,
0.14727631211280823,
0.05188450962305069,
-0.17029723525047302,
-0.05567474290728569,
0.13328400254249573,
-0.24335937201976776,
-0.37604981660842896,
-0.23396912217140198,
-0.058657847344875336,
0.3348937928676605,
-0.17856749892234802,
-0.15395717322826385,
-0.022067928686738014,
0.09740753471851349,
-0.005505370907485485,
0.18665771186351776,
-0.07443390041589737,
0.03360452502965927,
0.4669555723667145,
0.03978414461016655,
0.12566223740577698,
0.461669921875,
0.11727295070886612,
-0.08546753227710724,
0.2593994140625,
-0.234893798828125,
0.5733886957168579,
0.11615543067455292,
0.18216553330421448,
0.12498779594898224,
-0.09354706108570099,
-0.03270988538861275,
0.15648193657398224,
-0.17511138319969177,
0.026947021484375,
0.5494140386581421,
0.3737548887729645,
0.0633087158203125,
-0.20219726860523224,
-0.12489013373851776
] |
135 | Do jelly fish have nervous systems? | [
{
"docid": "47271#11",
"text": "Like cnidarians (jellyfish, etc.) and ctenophores (comb jellies), and unlike all other known metazoans, sponges' bodies consist of a non-living jelly-like mass (mesoglea) sandwiched between two main layers of cells. Cnidarians and ctenophores have simple nervous systems, and their cell layers are bound by internal connections and by being mounted on a basement membrane (thin fibrous mat, also known as \"basal lamina\"). Sponges have no nervous systems, their middle jelly-like layers have large and varied populations of cells, and some types of cells in their outer layers may move into the middle layer and change their functions.",
"title": "Sponge"
},
{
"docid": "21944#2",
"text": "Nervous systems are found in most multicellular animals, but vary greatly in complexity. The only multicellular animals that have no nervous system at all are sponges, placozoans, and mesozoans, which have very simple body plans. The nervous systems of the radially symmetric organisms ctenophores (comb jellies) and cnidarians (which include anemones, hydras, corals and jellyfish) consist of a diffuse nerve net. All other animal species, with the exception of a few types of worm, have a nervous system containing a brain, a central cord (or two cords running in parallel), and nerves radiating from the brain and central cord. The size of the nervous system ranges from a few hundred cells in the simplest worms, to around 300 billion cells in African elephants.",
"title": "Nervous system"
},
{
"docid": "33644895#3",
"text": "Jellyfish, comb jellies, and related animals have diffuse nerve nets rather than a central nervous system. In most jellyfish the nerve net is spread more or less evenly across the body; in comb jellies it is concentrated near the mouth. The nerve nets consist of sensory neurons that pick up chemical, tactile, and visual signals, motor neurons that can activate contractions of the body wall, and intermediate neurons that detect patterns of activity in the sensory neurons and send signals to groups of motor neurons as a result. In some cases groups of intermediate neurons are clustered into discrete ganglia.",
"title": "Evolution of nervous systems"
},
{
"docid": "21944#14",
"text": "Jellyfish, comb jellies, and related animals have diffuse nerve nets rather than a central nervous system. In most jellyfish the nerve net is spread more or less evenly across the body; in comb jellies it is concentrated near the mouth. The nerve nets consist of sensory neurons, which pick up chemical, tactile, and visual signals; motor neurons, which can activate contractions of the body wall; and intermediate neurons, which detect patterns of activity in the sensory neurons and, in response, send signals to groups of motor neurons. In some cases groups of intermediate neurons are clustered into discrete ganglia.",
"title": "Nervous system"
},
{
"docid": "5232#12",
"text": "Chondrichthyes nervous system is composed of a small brain, 8-10 pairs of cranial nerves, and a spinal chord with spinal nerves. They have several sensory organs which provide information to be processed. Ampullae of Lorenzini are a network of small jelly filled pores called electroreceptors which help the fish sense electric fields in water. This aids in finding prey, navigation, and sensing temperature. The Lateral line system has modified epithelial cells located externally which sense motion, vibration, and pressure in the water around them. Most subspecies have large well-developed eyes. Also, they have very powerful nostrils and olfactory organs. Their inner ears consist of 3 large semicircular canals which aid in balance and orientation. Their sound detecting apparatus has limited range and is typically more powerful at lower frequencies. Some subspecies have electric organs which can be used for defense and predation. They have relatively simple brains with the forebrain not greatly enlarged. The structure and formation of myelin in their nervous systems are nearly identical to that of tetrapods, which has led evolutionary biologists to believe that Chondrichthyes were a cornerstone group in the evolutionary timeline of myelin development.",
"title": "Chondrichthyes"
},
{
"docid": "12968838#4",
"text": "The body of \"Atolla wyvillei\" is a bell shape and it has several moderately long tentacles along the bell. The bell is around 20–174 mm in diameter. It also has a single long tentacle called a hypertrophied tentacle. This hypertrophied tentacle has several purposes, including aid in predation and aid in reproduction. These jellyfish do not have a digestive system, a respiratory system, a circulatory system or a central nervous system. Not having a central nervous system means that it lacks a brain.",
"title": "Atolla jellyfish"
},
{
"docid": "50185#16",
"text": "Most jellyfish do not have specialized systems for osmoregulation, respiration and circulation, and do not have a central nervous system. Nematocysts, which deliver the sting, are located mostly on the tentacles; true jellyfish also have them around the mouth and stomach. Jellyfish do not need a respiratory system because sufficient oxygen diffuses through the epidermis. They have limited control over their movement, but can navigate with the pulsations of the bell-like body; some species are active swimmers most of the time, while others largely drift.\nThe rhopalia contain rudimentary sense organs which are able to detect light, water-borne vibrations, odour and orientation. A loose network of nerves called a \"nerve net\" is located in the epidermis. Although traditionally thought not to have a central nervous system, nerve net concentration and ganglion-like structures could be considered to constitute one in most species. A jellyfish detects stimuli, and transmits impulses both throughout the nerve net and around a circular nerve ring, to other nerve cells. The rhopalial ganglia contain pacemaker neurones which control swimming rate and direction.",
"title": "Jellyfish"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "37944206#8",
"text": "Hair cells in fish are used to detect water movements around their bodies. These hair cells are embedded in a jelly-like protrusion called cupula. The hair cells therefore can not be seen and do not appear on the surface of skin.",
"title": "Sensory systems in fish"
},
{
"docid": "33644895#2",
"text": "Sponges have no cells connected to each other by synaptic junctions, that is, no neurons, and therefore no nervous system. They do, however, have homologs of many genes that play key roles in synaptic function. Recent studies have shown that sponge cells express a group of proteins that cluster together to form a structure resembling a postsynaptic density (the signal-receiving part of a synapse). However, the function of this structure is currently unclear. Although sponge cells do not show synaptic transmission, they do communicate with each other via calcium waves and other impulses, which mediate some simple actions such as whole-body contraction.",
"title": "Evolution of nervous systems"
},
{
"docid": "21944#13",
"text": "Sponges have no cells connected to each other by synaptic junctions, that is, no neurons, and therefore no nervous system. They do, however, have homologs of many genes that play key roles in synaptic function. Recent studies have shown that sponge cells express a group of proteins that cluster together to form a structure resembling a postsynaptic density (the signal-receiving part of a synapse). However, the function of this structure is currently unclear. Although sponge cells do not show synaptic transmission, they do communicate with each other via calcium waves and other impulses, which mediate some simple actions such as whole-body contraction.",
"title": "Nervous system"
}
] | [
0.6343315839767456,
0.5661349892616272,
-0.2893880307674408,
0.1828342080116272,
0.0343661829829216,
-0.06763628125190735,
0.6838107705116272,
-0.3134765625,
0.4336208701133728,
0.3034939169883728,
-0.29710516333580017,
-0.4956597089767456,
-0.3076578676700592,
-0.2375759482383728,
-0.2411159873008728,
-0.13135994970798492,
0.3186170756816864,
0.3734673261642456,
0.0841742604970932,
-0.1182759627699852,
-0.0804070383310318,
0.3106282651424408,
0.2449459433555603,
-0.08637518435716629,
0.0645073801279068,
-0.4410807192325592,
-0.1643880158662796,
0.2194925993680954,
0.1081899031996727,
0.3035210371017456,
0.3278944194316864,
-0.1442192941904068,
-0.2707383930683136,
0.2898627519607544,
-0.2770656943321228,
0.276123046875,
0.08209313452243805,
-0.3930121660232544,
0.25787353515625,
0.2537299394607544,
0.06516015529632568,
0.1846143901348114,
-0.3539496660232544,
0.1908026784658432,
0.4866536557674408,
0.0850134938955307,
-0.0028622944373637438,
0.4391954243183136,
-0.2523668110370636,
0.018055809661746025,
-0.37158203125,
0.22369384765625,
0.1761678010225296,
-0.0639614537358284,
0.04148758947849274,
1.1212022304534912,
-0.0947401225566864,
0.5378960371017456,
0.1894192099571228,
-0.23582670092582703,
0.3635525107383728,
0.2877875566482544,
-0.0925886332988739,
0.2235785573720932,
0.6026475429534912,
0.517822265625,
-0.0912449061870575,
0.0994601771235466,
0.3565809428691864,
0.4232313334941864,
0.1667141318321228,
0.6583659052848816,
0.4062771201133728,
-0.1968180388212204,
0.0083168875426054,
-0.1316596120595932,
0.0013783773174509406,
0.1803860068321228,
0.2613457441329956,
0.3703138530254364,
0.6301540732383728,
-0.3845893144607544,
-0.1839192658662796,
0.7618815302848816,
-0.1189032644033432,
0.481201171875,
0.0682813823223114,
0.3530002236366272,
-0.2666829526424408,
0.3241780698299408,
-0.5669216513633728,
-0.00004238552355673164,
-0.1614990234375,
0.05253579840064049,
-0.0884331613779068,
0.1927947998046875,
0.0776604562997818,
-0.1244439035654068,
0.4978841245174408,
-0.1479627788066864,
0.0370127372443676,
-0.1221228688955307,
-0.10784869641065598,
0.262158066034317,
-0.01865217462182045,
-0.437744140625,
-0.2625461220741272,
0.072235107421875,
-0.1039716899394989,
0.1711561381816864,
0.1417711079120636,
-0.2618950605392456,
-0.2577718198299408,
-0.3609890341758728,
0.4627549946308136,
0.4842936098575592,
0.1168280690908432,
0.4072265625,
-0.0358479805290699,
-0.8551974892616272,
0.6455620527267456,
0.7037217617034912,
-0.2951388955116272,
0.1423475444316864,
-0.1319919228553772,
0.4667154848575592,
0.7286784052848816,
-0.05946032330393791,
0.6681857705116272,
0.4843207597732544,
0.1998223215341568,
0.2588433027267456,
0.063568115234375,
0.6714951992034912,
0.4353841245174408,
0.6681315302848816,
0.6837565302848816,
-0.1808403879404068,
-0.0624796561896801,
-0.2475687712430954,
0.09400049597024918,
0.0512678362429142,
-0.0332539863884449,
0.6186252236366272,
-0.1830308735370636,
0.3200141191482544,
0.0057991873472929,
0.3591037392616272,
0.1450568288564682,
0.1668446809053421,
-0.02681816928088665,
0.6368544101715088,
-0.06980535387992859,
0.7867295742034912,
0.1281331330537796,
0.2887776792049408,
0.4025607705116272,
-0.0427941232919693,
0.3388943076133728,
-0.0896453857421875,
0.682373046875,
0.5150010585784912,
-0.08184308558702469,
-0.0502488873898983,
0.067962646484375,
0.372802734375,
0.1132388636469841,
0.4664577841758728,
0.5118815302848816,
0.020665062591433525,
-0.4000379741191864,
0.2876926064491272,
0.7284613847732544,
-0.00214385986328125,
0.2592298686504364,
-0.0630553588271141,
0.1879238486289978,
0.3636339008808136,
0.02071126364171505,
-0.19342464208602905,
0.3744845986366272,
0.6253798007965088,
-0.09737459570169449,
0.3312700092792511,
0.6559244990348816,
0.12125057727098465,
0.2643703818321228,
-0.0292994175106287,
0.0402984619140625,
-0.04628584161400795,
0.2525363564491272,
-0.0327131487429142,
0.3750813901424408,
-0.4110785722732544,
-0.059374913573265076,
0.0569237619638443,
-0.1168721541762352,
0.5765787959098816,
0.2227783203125,
0.1879052072763443,
-0.326080322265625,
-0.1487833708524704,
-0.1921522319316864,
0.0936821848154068,
0.3192545473575592,
-0.3350626528263092,
0.3724229633808136,
0.1940850168466568,
-0.2371419221162796,
-0.1439971923828125,
0.02054511196911335,
-0.009889815002679825,
0.6264106035232544,
-0.5993381142616272,
-0.1632266640663147,
-0.01807488314807415,
0.0484025739133358,
-0.1237996444106102,
0.4015367329120636,
0.1365153044462204,
-0.2537299394607544,
0.047345057129859924,
-0.0867852121591568,
-0.4324544370174408,
0.0641259104013443,
0.0604824498295784,
-0.0965304896235466,
-0.69091796875,
0.01199240144342184,
0.0426127128303051,
-0.00820244662463665,
0.03744867071509361,
-0.02054934948682785,
-0.0422634556889534,
0.2628852128982544,
0.4906412661075592,
0.5609266757965088,
0.1642557829618454,
-0.1673143208026886,
-0.1903923898935318,
0.1332227885723114,
-0.009670681320130825,
-0.0964270681142807,
-0.00993659719824791,
0.3143174946308136,
0.1883273720741272,
0.024760272353887558,
0.1257086843252182,
-0.10592566430568695,
0.0749138742685318,
-0.0872395858168602,
0.0357564277946949,
-0.06937047839164734,
0.4038357138633728,
-0.1685299277305603,
0.2353108674287796,
-0.0331149622797966,
-0.3326687216758728,
-0.03251563012599945,
0.2427435964345932,
0.5717502236366272,
0.30699029564857483,
0.4454210102558136,
0.17755126953125,
-0.0868191197514534,
-0.2050645649433136,
0.2513698935508728,
0.5497504472732544,
-0.0907813161611557,
-0.1897803395986557,
-0.02716742642223835,
-0.2397189736366272,
0.027907900512218475,
0.3962131142616272,
-0.3680013120174408,
-0.2372504323720932,
0.3939073383808136,
-0.01418304443359375,
-0.5041232705116272,
0.3513861894607544,
0.2288462370634079,
-0.1251000314950943,
-0.0966830775141716,
-0.14129553735256195,
0.12628173828125,
-0.0448676198720932,
0.2202690988779068,
-0.3598090410232544,
0.00209808349609375,
-0.2742784321308136,
0.3417154848575592,
0.5150282382965088,
-0.0633290633559227,
0.1241421177983284,
-0.019489288330078125,
0.2333170622587204,
-0.2100287526845932,
0.046278636902570724,
0.3601209819316864,
-0.0020434062462300062,
0.8276909589767456,
-0.3806016743183136,
0.4927300214767456,
0.4856770932674408,
-0.0348782017827034,
-0.48779296875,
-0.8439127802848816,
0.1939934641122818,
-0.1319970041513443,
-0.4571668803691864,
0.4379340410232544,
0.024873308837413788,
0.04337649792432785,
0.2149658203125,
0.1311187744140625,
0.4481743574142456,
0.4325357973575592,
-0.3022054135799408,
0.7434353232383728,
0.02507527731359005,
0.0059369406662881374,
0.1730838418006897,
-0.3016357421875,
0.1169637069106102,
0.1931220144033432,
-0.5815565586090088,
0.480712890625,
-0.6089951992034912,
0.0571187324821949,
0.0742560476064682,
0.2336832731962204,
0.5348036289215088,
-0.4098849892616272,
0.0276938546448946,
-0.3688693642616272,
0.07508087158203125,
0.11751784384250641,
0.0903828963637352,
-0.1714409738779068,
0.0158547293394804,
0.180267333984375,
0.0514051653444767,
-0.0028593805618584156,
0.4019097089767456,
-0.2468736469745636,
0.01177823543548584,
0.2653893232345581,
0.0864190012216568,
0.44580078125,
-0.2294650673866272,
-0.1171705424785614,
0.0366431325674057,
0.1607089638710022,
0.2297905832529068,
0.0661078542470932,
-0.0808970108628273,
-0.0851694718003273,
0.08265813440084457,
0.1605021208524704,
-0.1501617431640625,
0.2565782368183136,
0.5798611044883728,
0.54248046875,
0.01598273403942585,
0.2924262285232544,
-0.03708796948194504,
0.081085205078125,
0.08771387487649918,
0.3996446430683136,
0.1044989675283432,
0.135833740234375,
-0.1395704448223114,
0.35791015625,
-0.0436689592897892,
-0.4749349057674408,
-0.0345001220703125,
0.1062333881855011,
0.2451171875,
0.58984375,
-0.1472896933555603,
0.0756174698472023,
0.5215657353401184,
0.21112060546875,
-0.1283603310585022,
0.04008907824754715,
-0.1185946986079216,
-0.0954657644033432,
-0.2654961347579956,
-0.022925905883312225,
-0.2672458291053772,
-0.07090505212545395,
-0.1426323801279068,
-0.2440592497587204,
-0.323974609375,
-0.5149739384651184,
0.014004601165652275,
0.4006076455116272,
0.2205878347158432,
0.10434722900390625,
0.0073301526717841625,
0.2916938066482544,
-0.00003645155084086582,
0.4158257246017456,
0.08184814453125,
4.22569465637207,
0.2078586220741272,
0.0018497043056413531,
-0.11499913781881332,
-0.5930989384651184,
0.22948455810546875,
-0.04018741101026535,
0.1379021555185318,
0.4143880307674408,
-0.0039691925048828125,
0.0982818603515625,
-0.1138627827167511,
0.05425092950463295,
0.1501871794462204,
0.0975477397441864,
0.2627767026424408,
0.3768988847732544,
0.21163898706436157,
0.1342061311006546,
0.1881578266620636,
-0.3468559980392456,
0.4235365092754364,
0.4826253354549408,
-0.1424899697303772,
0.3035210371017456,
0.07506222277879715,
0.6416558027267456,
-0.1782735139131546,
0.3401285707950592,
0.5791829228401184,
0.47119140625,
0.1664937287569046,
0.1922827810049057,
0.027771949768066406,
-0.8841688632965088,
0.5773654580116272,
0.3667398989200592,
0.2959679365158081,
0.4310709536075592,
0.4829915463924408,
-0.363525390625,
0.2555474042892456,
0.4150119423866272,
0.3476291298866272,
-0.1778089702129364,
-0.2135959267616272,
-0.0933583602309227,
0.6208767294883728,
-0.0245505440980196,
0.0643870010972023,
0.0945638045668602,
0.1094919815659523,
0.2451239675283432,
0.0488484688103199,
0.62646484375,
0.4712185263633728,
-0.06053924560546875,
0.4476996660232544,
0.1544460654258728,
-0.2514377236366272,
-0.0665198415517807,
0.1549953818321228,
0.16839599609375,
0.025909423828125,
-0.0573798269033432,
0.0283211600035429,
-0.1741265207529068,
0.3882921040058136,
0.0236545130610466,
-0.2474433034658432,
0.1834174245595932,
0.4141981303691864,
0.1349962055683136,
-0.0864393413066864,
0.387939453125,
-0.003340350231155753,
-0.1296166330575943,
0.2799479067325592,
0.4320203959941864,
0.0747884139418602,
0.0331488698720932,
-0.1348063200712204,
0.0350358746945858,
0.3665364682674408,
0.0794033482670784,
0.5033908486366272,
-0.08088938146829605,
-0.4844563901424408,
0.5792100429534912,
-0.0828755721449852,
0.1321682333946228,
-0.4060872495174408,
0.4174533486366272,
-0.0195287074893713,
0.1988389790058136,
-0.0887993723154068,
-0.1935628205537796,
-3.9225261211395264,
-0.186187744140625,
0.3990885317325592,
-0.01723480224609375,
0.1756184846162796,
0.035030681639909744,
0.018115520477294922,
0.2428046315908432,
-0.2466227263212204,
0.2659640908241272,
-0.4233568012714386,
0.2768825888633728,
-0.2066785991191864,
0.5867241621017456,
0.2549506425857544,
0.1371120810508728,
-0.5325520634651184,
0.1508110910654068,
0.3086344301700592,
0.04086579382419586,
0.01503033097833395,
0.1276584267616272,
0.1211581751704216,
-0.3520914614200592,
-0.0996941477060318,
0.13785892724990845,
0.20357471704483032,
-0.4905327558517456,
0.09186342358589172,
-0.1347554475069046,
-0.0585700124502182,
-0.07757864892482758,
0.6527235507965088,
-0.3760579526424408,
0.3096109926700592,
0.3458353579044342,
0.459228515625,
0.3665601909160614,
0.5999619960784912,
0.7046983242034912,
-0.0592244453728199,
0.1204935684800148,
0.2818264365196228,
0.1369832307100296,
0.2743733823299408,
-0.0881822407245636,
-0.1434461772441864,
0.2034505158662796,
-0.2317979633808136,
0.4390055239200592,
0.3441297709941864,
0.3272569477558136,
0.3168267011642456,
-0.0192396380007267,
0.6217990517616272,
-0.12994977831840515,
-0.13946533203125,
0.1211615651845932,
0.2228868305683136,
-0.008371989242732525,
-0.1677822470664978,
-0.08618969470262527,
0.2034572958946228,
-0.4133707582950592,
0.3302544355392456,
0.1530354768037796,
-0.2131618857383728,
0.5106879472732544,
0.10358895361423492,
-0.2499186247587204,
0.0154130719602108,
0.2636447548866272,
0.0732693150639534,
0.2602403461933136,
-0.03830032795667648,
-0.03960249200463295,
-0.015231662429869175,
-0.2426554411649704,
0.3415391743183136,
-0.08302286267280579,
0.3131374716758728,
0.086090087890625,
-0.4584418535232544,
-0.3817138671875,
2.2587890625,
-0.1313188374042511,
2.1233723163604736,
0.197509765625,
-0.3825208842754364,
0.1813303679227829,
-0.4538031816482544,
-0.2406480610370636,
-0.1034952774643898,
0.2444797158241272,
0.5924208164215088,
-0.2008056640625,
-0.1983100026845932,
-0.02866024523973465,
-0.4329698383808136,
-0.057132404297590256,
0.4035373330116272,
-0.6897243857383728,
-0.1770833283662796,
-0.22991943359375,
0.035725489258766174,
-0.09166058152914047,
0.1986762136220932,
0.1609361469745636,
0.0951707661151886,
-0.0471208356320858,
-0.1128607839345932,
0.07457277178764343,
0.11157417297363281,
-0.025589413940906525,
-0.204833984375,
0.2513970136642456,
0.3638509213924408,
0.4276258647441864,
-0.03720230609178543,
0.01659562811255455,
-0.0609554722905159,
4.727864742279053,
-0.1874321848154068,
-0.14996337890625,
-0.04592132568359375,
0.4772406816482544,
0.3573269248008728,
0.228271484375,
-0.2304551899433136,
0.1645440012216568,
0.4906412661075592,
0.4055446982383728,
-0.3621826171875,
-0.1978963166475296,
-0.2782796323299408,
0.3661159873008728,
-0.1338704377412796,
-0.1310187429189682,
0.1738111674785614,
0.0278040561825037,
-0.024635950103402138,
0.4069417417049408,
-0.0896776020526886,
0.3484022319316864,
-0.2615831196308136,
-0.0973307266831398,
-0.07524871826171875,
-0.2478841096162796,
-0.1730244904756546,
-0.0458136647939682,
0.1984897255897522,
0.0271886195987463,
5.40711784362793,
0.2178107351064682,
0.2704942524433136,
-0.08118322491645813,
-0.2331136018037796,
0.0955064594745636,
-0.3021375834941864,
-0.16825273633003235,
-0.3262261152267456,
-0.1742757111787796,
0.0342390276491642,
0.2018839567899704,
-0.4809841513633728,
0.3298882246017456,
0.2094590961933136,
-0.06464216113090515,
-0.2770724892616272,
0.2237277626991272,
0.3442111611366272,
0.210845947265625,
0.2102254182100296,
0.2452256977558136,
0.2287326455116272,
-0.2395392507314682,
-0.5045369267463684,
-0.2224222868680954,
0.01759560965001583,
-0.08467017114162445,
0.02134195901453495,
-0.1987169086933136,
0.3036702573299408,
0.02873908169567585,
0.6669379472732544,
0.44140625,
-0.018444061279296875,
0.000518798828125,
-0.0353681780397892,
0.5027397871017456,
0.1080118790268898,
-0.02336629293859005,
0.0665486678481102,
0.4734157919883728,
-0.0619896799325943,
0.2391594797372818,
0.13723209500312805,
-0.1521674245595932,
-0.14154052734375,
0.1876491904258728,
0.1981099396944046,
-0.2358262836933136,
0.4171549379825592,
0.3115234375,
1.0709635019302368,
-0.1362084299325943,
-0.1731804758310318,
0.1738620400428772,
-0.0535956472158432,
-0.3643392026424408,
-0.16690699756145477,
-0.1487528532743454,
0.4396430253982544,
-0.0164794921875,
0.1474117636680603,
0.0572611503303051,
0.2049831748008728,
-0.015254027210175991,
-0.09204016625881195,
0.0101301409304142,
0.8328993320465088,
-0.0057017006911337376,
-0.0759073868393898,
0.0740169957280159,
0.0327945277094841,
-0.1203664168715477,
-0.3203870952129364,
0.2794189453125,
-0.0258314348757267,
-0.2590603232383728,
-0.0489078089594841,
-0.13720703125,
-0.3064914345741272,
-0.1171145960688591,
-0.3082546591758728,
-0.1455773264169693,
0.1479966938495636,
-0.2031589150428772,
-0.4500596821308136,
0.1707763671875,
0.3338351845741272,
0.06556786596775055,
0.1286197304725647,
-0.09914398193359375,
-0.2906087338924408,
0.2243414968252182,
-0.03691186010837555,
0.2648654580116272,
0.1649373322725296,
0.5634223222732544,
0.12266116589307785,
0.09373664855957031,
0.0894571915268898,
0.1601291298866272,
0.2525634765625,
-0.2838948667049408,
-0.0051939222030341625,
-0.2801649272441864,
0.3727823793888092,
-0.175558939576149,
0.0986362025141716,
-0.11330000311136246,
0.3578287661075592,
0.3358832597732544,
-0.3179389238357544,
-0.2486640065908432,
0.1925303190946579
] |
137 | Who were Petar II Petrović-Njegoš parents? | [
{
"docid": "230958#3",
"text": "Petar II Petrović-Njegoš was born Radivoje \"Rade\" Petrović on in the mountain village of Njeguši, near Cetinje. His father, Tomislav \"Tomo\" Petrović (b. 1762–63), was a member of the Petrović clan of the Njeguši tribe of Katuni \"nahiya\". Njegoš's mother, Ivana Proroković, hailed from the hamlet of Mali Zalaz and was the daughter of Njeguši captain Lazo Proroković. There is no reliable information about her exact year of birth, but it is believed that she was about ten years younger than her husband. Tomo and Ivana had five children; their eldest son was Petar (\"Pero\"), Rade was their middle son and Jovan (\"Joko\") was their youngest. The couple's daughters were named Marija and Stana; Marija was married to a Montenegrin chieftain named Andrija Perović, the \"serdar\" (count) of Cuce, while Stana was married to Filip Đurašković, the \"serdar\" of Rijeka Crnojevića.",
"title": "Petar II Petrović-Njegoš"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "230958#11",
"text": "The day after Petar's death, all of Montenegro's chieftains met in Cetinje to confirm the new \"vladika\". According to one account, there were several chieftains who did not wish to see Njegoš bestowed the title. They considered him too young and inexperienced, and disliked the haste with which he was to be crowned. Figures such as Milutinović, Stanko S. Petrović, \"iguman\" Mojsije Zečević, \"serdar\" Mikhail Bošković, and the headman of Čevo, Stefan Vukotić, supported Njegoš's bid and urged the council to immediately proclaim him the next \"vladika\". The first to recognize him as such was the \"archimandrite\" of Ostrog, Josif Pavičević, followed by the \"guvernadur\" (governor) of Montenegro, Vukolaj \"Vuko\" Radonjić, and all the other chieftains. Another account holds that Radonjić hotly opposed Njegoš's succession and argued that the expatriated Đorđije was Petar I's true heir. The reason behind Radonjić's opposition to Njegoš lay in the fact that his clan, the Radonjićes, were bitter enemies of Njegoš's Petrović clan. Apparently, Radonjić's opinion did not sway the chieftains and they composed a declaration proclaiming Njegoš the next \"vladika\". According to this account, \"archimandrite\" Josif signed the declaration first and Radonjić signed it last after seeing that all of the other chieftains had done so. Despite not having any formal training as a monk, the teenaged Njegoš was consecrated in 1831 an \"archimandrite\" himself in a ceremony that took place in the Kom Monastery.. He adopted the ecclesiastical name Petar in honour of his late predecessor, thus becoming known as Petar II Petrović-Njegoš. Following his consecration, he signed himself using his monkish name and his surname. Thus, all of Njegoš's correspondences were signed under the name Petar Petrović, though the Montenegrin people continued to refer to him by his given name and affectionately called him Bishop Rade. In most scholarly texts, he is referred to simply as Njegoš.",
"title": "Petar II Petrović-Njegoš"
},
{
"docid": "230958#0",
"text": "Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (, ; – ), commonly referred to simply as Njegoš (), was a Prince-Bishop (\"vladika\") of Montenegro, poet and philosopher whose works are widely considered some of the most important in Serbian and Montenegrin literature.",
"title": "Petar II Petrović-Njegoš"
},
{
"docid": "3412030#8",
"text": "The Metropolitans of Montenegro, all members of this family (with the exception of Arsenije Plamenac) were: Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš (1697–1735), Sava II Petrović-Njegoš (1735–1781), Arsenije Plamenac (1781–1784), Petar I Petrović-Njegoš (1784–1830), and Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (1830–1851). After the death of Petar II, the state of Montenegro was no longer ruled by the Metropolitans, since his successor, Prince Danilo Petrović-Njegoš, did not wish to become a Metropolitan.",
"title": "Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral"
},
{
"docid": "230958#20",
"text": "In response to the defeat at Podgorica, the Montenegrins formed tactical alliances with neighbouring Muslims tribes that were hostile to the Porte. By entering into such alliances Njegoš risked further alienating the Russians, whose support Montenegro still desperately needed. To neutralize any suspicion that Montenegro was acting against Russian interests, Njegoš cultivated a close personal friendship with vice-consul Grujić, who advised the czar that Njegoš was as dependable as ever. In one of his letters to Grujić, Njegoš reported that the final advice Petar I gave him before his death was \"pray to God and hold on to Russia\".",
"title": "Petar II Petrović-Njegoš"
},
{
"docid": "803158#2",
"text": "When Petar II Petrović-Njegoš died, the Senate, under the influence of Đorđije Petrović (the wealthiest Montenegrin at the time), proclaimed Petar II's elder brother Pero Tomov Petrović as Prince (not bishop, or \"Vladika\"). Nevertheless, in a brief struggle for power, Pero, who commanded the support of the Senate, lost to the much younger Danilo who had much more support among people.",
"title": "Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro"
},
{
"docid": "4686700#1",
"text": "Mirko was born on 19 August 1820, in Njeguši, the son of Stanko Petrović-Njegoš and Krstinja Vrbica. He was the older brother of Prince Danilo I, while his uncle was Petar II Petrović-Njegoš. He is famous for winning the Battle of Grahovac on 1 May 1858, leading the Montenegrin army against the Ottoman Empire.",
"title": "Mirko Petrović-Njegoš"
},
{
"docid": "230958#10",
"text": "It was only then that Petar entertained the possibility of extending his throne to the teenaged Njegoš and took steps to further his education. The seventeen-year-old was again sent to the Cetinje Monastery and mentored at its seminary. Petar then introduced him to state matters, trusting him with the writing of official letters and orders on his behalf. He died of old age on , without having publicly named a successor. Prior to his death, the elderly \"vladika\" had dictated his will and testament to Njegoš's old mentor, Milutinović, where he named Njegoš as his successor and granted all of his ecclesiastical and secular powers to him. The will also cursed anyone who trampled over Montenegro's traditional bonds with Russia in exchange for better relations with Austria, swearing that leprosy would strike them down. Some Montenegrins hostile to the Petrović clan alleged that Milutinović had fabricated the document in order to make Njegoš \"vladika\", pointing to their close friendship as proof. Several scholars have raised the possibility that the will was indeed a forgery, though most modern historians believe that it was genuine.",
"title": "Petar II Petrović-Njegoš"
},
{
"docid": "230958#9",
"text": "Petar I's final years were defined by his deteriorating health and continuing inability to find a successor—ideally both a Petrović and a literate monk—capable of carrying on his role. Petar's first candidate was Mitar M. Petrović, the son of his eldest brother Stjepan. Within several years, the younger Petrović died and Petar was forced to find a different successor. He turned his attention to Đorđije S. Petrović, his middle brother's son. As Đorđije was illiterate, Petar sent him to Saint Petersburg to attend school. Once there, Đorđije realized that he preferred living in Russia over Montenegro. In 1828, he sent his uncle a letter from Saint Petersburg informing him that he wished to enroll into the Imperial Russian Army and asking to be relieved of succession. In 1829, Petar informed Jeremija Gagić, an ethnic Serb who served as the Russian vice-consul in Dubrovnik and was in charge of all of Russia's dealings with Montenegro, that Đorđije had his permission to enter the Russian military, depriving him of his right to the throne.",
"title": "Petar II Petrović-Njegoš"
},
{
"docid": "230958#40",
"text": "While staying in Italy, Njegoš was disturbed by reports of Omar Pasha's plans to invade Montenegro. He planned another visit to Saint Petersburg to enlist Russian support, but the czar refused to meet him. Njegoš headed back to Montenegro in the summer, having consulted physicians in Vienna on his way back. While in Vienna, he encountered Serbian photographer Anastas Jovanović, who persuaded him to pose for a picture in his studio. Jovanović's calotype portrait is the only known photograph of Njegoš in existence. Jovanović also photographed a group of \"Perjanici\" that had accompanied Njegoš on his journey to Italy, as well as the chieftains Mirko Petrović and Petar Vukotić. Njegoš returned to Cetinje in August 1851, with his health rapidly deteriorating. He died there on , surrounded by his closest associates and just two weeks shy of his thirty-eighth birthday. Eyewitnesses reported his last words as \"love Montenegro and render justice to the poor.\"",
"title": "Petar II Petrović-Njegoš"
}
] | [
0.5762657523155212,
0.06968160718679428,
-0.24421574175357819,
0.15949660539627075,
-0.18412193655967712,
0.04493243992328644,
0.391845703125,
-0.23976486921310425,
0.11092699319124222,
0.48623421788215637,
-0.046611785888671875,
-0.36504656076431274,
-0.2085336595773697,
0.10193458199501038,
-0.2725689113140106,
0.12465198338031769,
0.4338754415512085,
-0.26741379499435425,
-0.169464111328125,
0.21972285211086273,
-0.12681461870670319,
0.5844914317131042,
-0.16202956438064575,
-0.09579643607139587,
-0.006341494154185057,
-0.19490402936935425,
-0.18778640031814575,
0.0945587158203125,
-0.037810105830430984,
0.5710261464118958,
0.4279691278934479,
-0.23127570748329163,
0.040645305067300797,
0.048127394169569016,
-0.1417582631111145,
0.3764179050922394,
-0.024858327582478523,
-0.1575288027524948,
0.3642484247684479,
0.25348371267318726,
0.11285047978162766,
0.09291429072618484,
0.29368501901626587,
-0.3593374490737915,
0.49566179513931274,
0.3276836574077606,
0.09496072679758072,
0.0678822472691536,
-0.22144728899002075,
-0.01601879484951496,
-0.3260404169559479,
0.03629801794886589,
-0.0030805147252976894,
-0.2757098972797394,
-0.7356332540512085,
0.6278076171875,
-0.29096633195877075,
0.4399789571762085,
0.12188661843538284,
-0.24398921430110931,
0.09105682373046875,
-0.0013997004134580493,
-0.09123171120882034,
0.0870167687535286,
0.39971452951431274,
0.21914437413215637,
0.22286751866340637,
0.11950448900461197,
0.5021315217018127,
0.49643179774284363,
-0.12711745500564575,
0.31571608781814575,
0.5041316151618958,
0.3120211064815521,
0.2225107103586197,
0.0857696533203125,
-0.21771240234375,
0.3763803243637085,
0.0855463445186615,
-0.10084181278944016,
0.7107872366905212,
0.3829580545425415,
-0.2558687627315521,
0.46127554774284363,
-0.08676616847515106,
0.4434720575809479,
-0.12211403250694275,
0.08107303082942963,
0.253226637840271,
0.7369666695594788,
0.19083625078201294,
-0.38616472482681274,
-0.2336965650320053,
0.16325496137142181,
0.009985117241740227,
0.05983792990446091,
0.7823768258094788,
-0.14824970066547394,
-0.2789776027202606,
-0.29943376779556274,
0.05557427182793617,
-0.3043588399887085,
-0.42661696672439575,
0.13342167437076569,
0.08555368334054947,
-0.3239370584487915,
-0.04410494118928909,
0.5637019276618958,
0.2559039890766144,
0.5276442170143127,
0.049271803349256516,
-0.18799473345279694,
-0.36224836111068726,
-0.12105119973421097,
-0.07262831181287766,
0.37567609548568726,
-0.17504824697971344,
-0.023402873426675797,
0.06480289995670319,
-0.4777925908565521,
0.2715595066547394,
0.38412240147590637,
-0.21786263585090637,
-0.057280026376247406,
0.44516226649284363,
0.27183297276496887,
0.4829852879047394,
-0.39275652170181274,
0.7360652089118958,
-0.10094510763883591,
0.31457048654556274,
-0.040073100477457047,
0.6718562245368958,
0.4771634638309479,
0.6943171620368958,
0.8595064878463745,
0.05181679502129555,
-0.1556161791086197,
-0.12912222743034363,
-0.18026146292686462,
-0.51123046875,
-0.13521869480609894,
-0.011447319760918617,
0.880126953125,
0.054523173719644547,
0.07668597996234894,
-0.06356899440288544,
0.08507625758647919,
0.13421866297721863,
0.5433443784713745,
0.211552694439888,
0.4787222146987915,
0.09025339037179947,
0.31772086024284363,
0.07817253470420837,
0.3416513204574585,
0.17357753217220306,
-0.028937706723809242,
0.06904367357492447,
0.27080827951431274,
0.7685171365737915,
0.49761492013931274,
-0.3325206935405731,
-0.17362740635871887,
0.1422148495912552,
0.665452241897583,
0.009030855260789394,
0.4171893894672394,
0.443359375,
-0.3938739597797394,
0.05067972093820572,
-0.057529266923666,
0.17745590209960938,
0.2595308721065521,
0.3841458857059479,
-0.10342641919851303,
-0.15976187586784363,
0.19695575535297394,
0.14590102434158325,
-0.23660454154014587,
0.25519269704818726,
0.3360971212387085,
-0.10507042706012726,
0.21355965733528137,
0.34326171875,
0.21799880266189575,
0.23705291748046875,
-0.03687227517366409,
-0.32085710763931274,
-0.020862285047769547,
-0.16582782566547394,
0.08279888331890106,
0.5377854704856873,
-0.632643461227417,
0.3352895975112915,
0.17079280316829681,
-0.139190673828125,
0.3263784646987915,
0.040655430406332016,
0.28564453125,
-0.4516695439815521,
0.08344650268554688,
-0.37725359201431274,
0.44707781076431274,
0.32642072439193726,
-0.4038461446762085,
0.16913077235221863,
0.34780412912368774,
-0.28309983015060425,
0.20363762974739075,
-0.23385678231716156,
-0.002890220144763589,
-0.17442439496517181,
0.34540265798568726,
0.13265052437782288,
0.3875732421875,
0.3142465353012085,
0.07760091871023178,
0.49249738454818726,
0.003388624871149659,
-0.5210336446762085,
0.19712947309017181,
-0.3588937520980835,
-0.06937173753976822,
-0.03389739990234375,
-0.04348050802946091,
0.06883973628282547,
0.05251136049628258,
-0.06539682298898697,
0.3486703634262085,
-0.048506516963243484,
-0.24999061226844788,
-0.044905442744493484,
-0.18772536516189575,
0.098388671875,
0.3431490361690521,
0.3361276388168335,
0.03341733664274216,
0.08290980756282806,
-0.010039696469902992,
0.30578142404556274,
-0.04522235691547394,
-0.026424113661050797,
-0.3037813603878021,
0.3495718240737915,
-0.19946524500846863,
0.13792537152767181,
0.3900146484375,
-0.09507674723863602,
0.02472950890660286,
0.04843374341726303,
0.12499882280826569,
0.021469702944159508,
0.12239896506071091,
-0.37299054861068726,
0.04734098166227341,
-0.22146841883659363,
0.16192157566547394,
0.14944340288639069,
0.09938284009695053,
0.4349881708621979,
0.16990192234516144,
0.5568284392356873,
0.20785640180110931,
-0.42903488874435425,
0.10587369650602341,
0.2840200662612915,
0.45477765798568726,
0.10241170972585678,
-0.005715590436011553,
0.0146026611328125,
0.2695171535015106,
0.11456533521413803,
0.31673723459243774,
-0.4405048191547394,
0.0026303804479539394,
0.40813711285591125,
0.08873550593852997,
-0.45448654890060425,
-0.057766254991292953,
0.38385480642318726,
-0.055685777217149734,
-0.25998160243034363,
0.016051659360527992,
0.20015305280685425,
-0.11539752781391144,
-0.3344257175922394,
-0.18269112706184387,
-0.08738737553358078,
-0.5335975289344788,
0.07114703953266144,
0.5142728090286255,
-0.16916950047016144,
-0.3244438171386719,
0.09867624193429947,
-0.24855628609657288,
-0.12558922171592712,
-0.3866811990737915,
0.2757943868637085,
-0.16672468185424805,
0.2800692021846771,
-0.30373910069465637,
0.1828642636537552,
0.1250346302986145,
-0.05327899754047394,
-0.34727126359939575,
-0.018141526728868484,
0.31226760149002075,
-0.13949820399284363,
0.02140331268310547,
0.3225942850112915,
-0.1996835619211197,
-0.08282236009836197,
0.39987418055534363,
0.5083383321762085,
0.43512433767318726,
0.4314340353012085,
-0.1916879564523697,
0.9320913553237915,
0.014133306220173836,
0.09911023825407028,
-0.15757904946804047,
-0.3241060674190521,
-0.39096304774284363,
0.3674410283565521,
-0.680250883102417,
-0.07961390912532806,
-0.49594351649284363,
0.7092848420143127,
0.2734844386577606,
0.5187800526618958,
0.5738900899887085,
-0.276725172996521,
-0.16189105808734894,
-0.020809467881917953,
-0.026282677426934242,
0.005724393296986818,
0.24782150983810425,
-0.14969635009765625,
-0.006713280454277992,
-0.14829635620117188,
0.03227410092949867,
-0.19462527334690094,
0.2652212381362915,
-0.02249438874423504,
0.00401944387704134,
-0.1641693115234375,
0.035401564091444016,
0.5113243460655212,
-0.3124624490737915,
0.621262788772583,
0.16183353960514069,
-0.10362155735492706,
0.11865058541297913,
-0.041044674813747406,
0.14124152064323425,
0.2715234160423279,
0.6194223165512085,
0.3911038935184479,
-0.22133225202560425,
0.3280498683452606,
0.3521353006362915,
0.40530160069465637,
0.4014047384262085,
0.15623825788497925,
0.19021841883659363,
0.12468425929546356,
0.21811851859092712,
-0.10056363791227341,
-0.20742562413215637,
0.27813485264778137,
0.1315847486257553,
-0.10041500627994537,
0.3673095703125,
-0.279296875,
-0.2325674146413803,
0.054426927119493484,
0.9248046875,
0.14566275477409363,
0.16776011884212494,
0.18893197178840637,
0.4364483058452606,
0.061873216181993484,
-0.18397170305252075,
-0.3667156398296356,
-0.2616483271121979,
-0.09426997601985931,
0.2764118015766144,
-0.09644728153944016,
-0.048548467457294464,
0.0733795166015625,
-0.17853078246116638,
0.23660629987716675,
-0.16478553414344788,
0.03684762865304947,
-0.06892629712820053,
-0.02840716950595379,
-0.10507330298423767,
0.13793505728244781,
-0.10558143258094788,
-0.05442223325371742,
0.39547964930534363,
0.30203011631965637,
0.4371244013309479,
3.940654993057251,
0.20725661516189575,
-0.08674739301204681,
0.08939772099256516,
-0.12027212232351303,
0.051380351185798645,
0.5917593240737915,
0.1989370435476303,
0.027812957763671875,
-0.07612903416156769,
-0.25079816579818726,
0.4044189453125,
0.015036656521260738,
0.5517390370368958,
0.02185821533203125,
0.42450422048568726,
0.2484975904226303,
0.4060809910297394,
0.21844424307346344,
0.4871732294559479,
-0.33661359548568726,
0.3066922724246979,
0.6185584664344788,
0.13369515538215637,
0.4038179814815521,
0.17694327235221863,
0.4534442722797394,
0.5293297171592712,
0.29374930262565613,
0.20889517664909363,
0.5107797384262085,
-0.1998666673898697,
-0.042354878038167953,
0.0657694861292839,
-0.7525916695594788,
0.28682151436805725,
-0.1605958193540573,
0.063741534948349,
0.0037225575651973486,
-0.018825825303792953,
-0.1970743089914322,
-0.43104904890060425,
0.14300654828548431,
0.663818359375,
0.40923601388931274,
-0.22883488237857819,
-0.24868305027484894,
0.3795166015625,
0.02878570556640625,
0.17471548914909363,
0.11276362836360931,
-0.3675161600112915,
-0.04830463230609894,
-0.0637664794921875,
-0.17653480172157288,
0.4537447392940521,
-0.07902996242046356,
0.574387788772583,
-0.022024741396307945,
0.43862679600715637,
-0.204874187707901,
-0.24504207074642181,
0.3973764181137085,
-0.0026484269183129072,
-0.42047590017318726,
-0.039117153733968735,
-0.2906259298324585,
0.8621920347213745,
0.11186452955007553,
-0.1447760909795761,
0.42580002546310425,
0.30946701765060425,
0.022631792351603508,
0.07691779732704163,
0.002746875397861004,
0.06463681906461716,
-0.03460018336772919,
0.5552462339401245,
-0.028794508427381516,
-0.36671799421310425,
0.4107290506362915,
0.036183539777994156,
0.1751333326101303,
0.43320876359939575,
0.17584697902202606,
0.4272836446762085,
0.08626615256071091,
-0.30511945486068726,
0.3304537236690521,
0.3316181004047394,
0.16128188371658325,
0.19979622960090637,
0.3218524754047394,
-0.040940504521131516,
-0.12254451215267181,
0.17576129734516144,
0.30780500173568726,
-4.024338722229004,
-0.08466912806034088,
0.2252197265625,
-0.15509502589702606,
0.12639735639095306,
-0.3477078974246979,
-0.29895490407943726,
0.34128981828689575,
-0.3904277980327606,
-0.14268845319747925,
-0.20637394487857819,
0.03156295046210289,
-0.37237077951431274,
0.17679156363010406,
0.005415696185082197,
-0.0132293701171875,
0.126251220703125,
0.2530423700809479,
0.13750487565994263,
-0.055084228515625,
0.3334256708621979,
0.2931002080440521,
0.3529287576675415,
-0.27672868967056274,
-0.6645413637161255,
0.021496113389730453,
0.34857940673828125,
-0.030900808051228523,
0.36594802141189575,
0.1094401404261589,
0.22509296238422394,
0.11740053445100784,
0.6992563009262085,
-0.1261068433523178,
0.16653677821159363,
0.2269841730594635,
0.47841233015060425,
0.46844011545181274,
0.14133746922016144,
0.6684945821762085,
-0.2186654955148697,
0.052580613642930984,
0.4079120457172394,
0.4110013544559479,
0.06646200269460678,
-0.056046999990940094,
-0.5116999745368958,
-0.024993896484375,
-0.26406624913215637,
-0.2834003269672394,
-0.005669814068824053,
0.40365836024284363,
-0.11888944357633591,
0.16577617824077606,
0.5180851817131042,
-0.41933968663215637,
-0.21544001996517181,
-0.08448087424039841,
0.28502947092056274,
0.08605208992958069,
-0.10451331734657288,
-0.06884061545133591,
0.09771522879600525,
-0.6010929942131042,
-0.15450580418109894,
0.14331494271755219,
0.569016695022583,
0.04392183572053909,
0.1793588548898697,
-1.111741304397583,
0.05957265943288803,
0.40048453211784363,
0.15071223676204681,
-0.6213191151618958,
0.35744065046310425,
0.0912628173828125,
0.11638700217008591,
-0.47825270891189575,
0.41624099016189575,
0.28468674421310425,
-0.016677269712090492,
0.003628070466220379,
-0.592698335647583,
0.45070236921310425,
2.282977819442749,
0.22592398524284363,
2.259915828704834,
0.2812030613422394,
0.5488656759262085,
0.3009549677371979,
0.06653301417827606,
0.05132587254047394,
-0.03020515851676464,
-0.06759056448936462,
-0.06418433785438538,
0.1962514966726303,
-0.08302835375070572,
0.12571540474891663,
0.10102668404579163,
-0.12276752293109894,
0.37472769618034363,
-0.6398362517356873,
0.5313016176223755,
-0.2599628269672394,
0.14153113961219788,
-0.1561458259820938,
-0.11228004097938538,
0.38467171788215637,
0.42311447858810425,
-0.19411057233810425,
-0.09698368608951569,
0.0033807021100074053,
-0.01608511060476303,
0.23246178030967712,
-0.6304649710655212,
0.46782976388931274,
0.04468008130788803,
-0.091033935546875,
-0.02655263990163803,
-0.059207916259765625,
-0.15871605277061462,
4.654146671295166,
0.4205228388309479,
-0.5313063263893127,
0.1371389478445053,
0.1747507005929947,
0.4177011251449585,
0.3445575535297394,
-0.2534273564815521,
-0.2269163876771927,
0.5655235648155212,
0.5996469259262085,
0.31659406423568726,
-0.11050943285226822,
-0.1869272142648697,
0.12544132769107819,
0.24524395167827606,
0.012216420844197273,
0.09012662619352341,
-0.30600211024284363,
0.1450069099664688,
-0.20111553370952606,
-0.0843963623046875,
0.23609337210655212,
-0.05116946995258331,
0.23729060590267181,
-0.13284066319465637,
0.14864525198936462,
-0.3996206521987915,
-0.1363149732351303,
-0.19027474522590637,
0.28268903493881226,
5.44921875,
-0.3018505275249481,
0.05078829079866409,
-0.18589195609092712,
0.11994346976280212,
0.38376089930534363,
-0.15480393171310425,
-0.04933665320277214,
-0.2976285517215729,
-0.17197829484939575,
-0.18580979108810425,
0.24146945774555206,
0.16166335344314575,
0.3843148946762085,
0.15315833687782288,
-0.3607271611690521,
-0.2798696756362915,
0.30349496006965637,
-0.12576411664485931,
-0.127044677734375,
0.6125676035881042,
0.6497708559036255,
0.6344651579856873,
-0.7562913298606873,
-0.2741558253765106,
0.12865272164344788,
0.08714030683040619,
0.5624342560768127,
0.11827556788921356,
-0.25352126359939575,
0.1731943041086197,
0.08099658787250519,
0.28793570399284363,
0.1744760423898697,
-0.4115084111690521,
0.29044753313064575,
0.3973388671875,
0.599045991897583,
0.6990309357643127,
0.11909250169992447,
0.46632736921310425,
-0.028570322319865227,
-0.3483417332172394,
-0.47048714756965637,
0.23930476605892181,
0.20065072178840637,
-0.1928945630788803,
0.07341238111257553,
-0.1695180982351303,
0.12669254839420319,
0.529860258102417,
0.07161771506071091,
0.7745643258094788,
0.030981797724962234,
-0.10102374851703644,
0.2117990404367447,
-0.3633657693862915,
0.2618560791015625,
0.27183181047439575,
-0.027429727837443352,
0.7267503142356873,
0.10488422214984894,
-0.06172943115234375,
0.2054983228445053,
0.36566632986068726,
0.23989632725715637,
-0.05754118785262108,
0.10734205693006516,
0.4473407566547394,
-0.2944570779800415,
-0.051095522940158844,
-0.026078151538968086,
0.048915423452854156,
0.3264394998550415,
-0.13139930367469788,
0.15113067626953125,
0.08285287767648697,
-0.3507173955440521,
0.15892615914344788,
-0.008963951840996742,
-0.09845909476280212,
0.38483136892318726,
-0.4278470575809479,
-0.2228851318359375,
-0.3019174337387085,
0.22749210894107819,
-0.04824652895331383,
-0.2869027853012085,
0.46528977155685425,
0.3089599609375,
0.24558669328689575,
0.3021709620952606,
-0.30905386805534363,
0.668212890625,
0.20423302054405212,
0.22570565342903137,
0.18017108738422394,
0.4302884638309479,
-0.2759915888309479,
0.03501305356621742,
-0.4543926417827606,
0.2464599609375,
0.5506309866905212,
0.0376683734357357,
0.16655555367469788,
-0.06906245648860931,
0.10619178414344788,
0.17896682024002075,
-0.12457157671451569,
0.05631432309746742,
0.43051382899284363,
0.384185791015625,
-0.2853769063949585,
0.01358813513070345,
-0.15447646379470825
] |
138 | When was Siri introduced by Apple? | [
{
"docid": "26086272#13",
"text": "Siri was originally released as a stand-alone application for the iOS operating system in February 2010, and at the time, the developers were also intending to release Siri for Android and BlackBerry devices. Two months later, Apple acquired Siri. On October 4, 2011, Apple introduced the iPhone 4S with a beta version of Siri. After the announcement, Apple removed the existing standalone Siri app from App Store. \"TechCrunch\" wrote that, despite the Siri app's support for iPhone 4, its removal from App Store might also have had a financial aspect for the company, in providing an incentive for customers to upgrade devices. Third-party developer Steven Troughton-Smith, however, managed to port Siri to iPhone 4, though without being able to communicate with Apple's servers. A few days later, Troughton-Smith, working with an anonymous person nicknamed \"Chpwn\", managed to fully hack Siri, enabling its full functionalities on iPhone 4 and iPod Touch devices. Additionally, developers were also able to successfully create and distribute legal ports of Siri to any device capable of running iOS 5, though a proxy server was required for Apple server interaction.\nOver the years, Apple has expanded the line of officially supported products, including newer iPhone models, as well as iPad support in June 2012, iPod Touch support in September 2012, Apple TV support, and the stand-alone Siri Remote, in September 2015, Mac and AirPods support in September 2016, and HomePod support in February 2018.",
"title": "Siri"
},
{
"docid": "481262#26",
"text": "In December 2007, SRI launched a spin-off company, Siri Inc., which Apple acquired in April 2010. In October 2011, Apple announced the Siri personal assistant as an integrated feature of the Apple iPhone 4S. Siri's technology was born from SRI's work on the DARPA-funded CALO project, described by SRI as the largest artificial intelligence project ever launched. Siri was co-founded in December 2007 by Dag Kittlaus (CEO), Adam Cheyer (vice president, engineering), and Tom Gruber (CTO/vice president, design), together with Norman Winarsky (vice president of SRI Ventures). Investors included Menlo Ventures and Morgenthaler Ventures.",
"title": "SRI International"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "9333997#12",
"text": "The Siri intelligent personal voice assistant that Forstall introduced in September 2011 has received a mixed reception with some observers regarding it as a \"flop\". Forstall was vigorously criticized after the new Maps app, introduced in iOS 6, received criticism for inaccuracies that were not up to Apple standards. According to Adam Lashinsky of \"Fortune\", when Apple issued a formal apology for the errors in Maps, Forstall refused to sign it. Under long-standing practice at Apple, Forstall was the \"directly responsible individual\" for Maps, and his refusal to sign the apology convinced Cook that Forstall had to go.",
"title": "Scott Forstall"
},
{
"docid": "6963544#52",
"text": "The Remote App was updated on September 13, 2016, to take advantage of all the features of the Apple TV 4. This includes Siri, Touchpad, and Home Buttons, along with a now playing screen.\nOn September 9, 2015, Apple announced the new Siri Remote for the 4th generation Apple TV (although in some territories, Apple have kept the name Apple TV Remote, due to Siri functionality not being enabled on it in that territory). It is a completely redesigned remote that features dual microphones for Siri support and a glass touch surface for navigation around the interface by swiping or tapping and scrubbing to fast forward or rewind. Also, it has a menu and home button, a Siri button to invoke Siri, a Play/Pause button, and a Volume Up/Down button to control the volume on the TV. The Siri Remote will communicate with the Apple TV via Bluetooth rather than infrared, removing the requirement of a line-of-sight with the device. This new remote is only supported by the 4th generation Apple TV and later and will not work with earlier generations.",
"title": "Apple TV"
},
{
"docid": "2892101#9",
"text": "The Siri Remote was launched with the 4th Generation Apple TV in 2015. It uses both IR and Bluetooth to communicate with the Apple TV. The remote has a glass trackpad, dual microphones, 5 buttons for Menu, Home, Siri and Play/Pause, Volume up and down as 1 button and is the size of 2 buttons. Additionally it has an accelerometer (IMU) and a gyroscope which allows the remote to be used as a gaming controller for tvOS apps and games. The remote (unlike previous generations) uses a built-in rechargeable Lithium Polymer Battery that is charged through the lightning port at the bottom of the remote. The Siri Remote is known as the Apple TV Remote in places that don't support Siri.",
"title": "Apple Remote"
},
{
"docid": "55968271#5",
"text": "Voice assistants are interfaces that allow a user to complete an action simply by speaking a command. Introduced in October 2011, Apple’s Siri was one of the first voice assistants widely adopted. Siri allowed users of iPhone to get information and complete actions on their device simply by asking Siri.\nFurther development has continued since Siri’s introduction to include home based devices such as Google Home or Amazon Echo (powered by Alexa) that allow users to “connect” their homes through a series of smart devices to further the options of tangible actions they can complete. Users can now turn off the lights, set reminders and call their friends all with a verbal queue.",
"title": "Conversational user interfaces"
},
{
"docid": "26086272#1",
"text": "Siri is a spin-off from a project originally developed by the SRI International Artificial Intelligence Center. Its speech recognition engine was provided by Nuance Communications, and Siri uses advanced machine learning technologies to function. Its original American, British, and Australian voice actors recorded their respective voices around 2005, unaware of the recordings' eventual usage in Siri. The voice assistant was released as an app for iOS in February 2010, and it was acquired by Apple two months later. Siri was then players said the game could into iPhone 4S at its release in October 2011. At that time, the separate app was also removed from the iOS App Store. Siri has since become an integral part of Apple's products, having been adapted into other hardware devices over the years, including newer iPhone models, as well as iPad, iPod Touch, Mac, AirPods, Apple TV, and HomePod.",
"title": "Siri"
},
{
"docid": "26086272#8",
"text": "The original American voice of Siri was provided in July 2005 by Susan Bennett, unaware that it would eventually be used for the voice assistant. A report from \"The Verge\" in September 2013 about voice actors, their work, and machine learning developments, made hints that Allison Dufty was the voice behind Siri, though this was disproven when Dufty wrote on her website that she was \"absolutely, positively \"not\" the voice of Siri.\" Citing growing pressure, Bennett revealed her role as Siri in October, and her claim was proven by Ed Primeau, an American audio forensics expert. Apple has never confirmed the information.",
"title": "Siri"
},
{
"docid": "26086272#32",
"text": "In June 2017, \"The Wall Street Journal\" published an extensive report on the lack of innovation with Siri following competitors' advancement in the field of voice assistants. Noting that Apple workers' anxiety levels \"went up a notch\" on the announcement of Amazon's Alexa, the \"Journal\" wrote: \"Today, Apple is playing catch-up in a product category it invented, increasing worries about whether the technology giant has lost some of its innovation edge.\" The report cites the primary causes as being Apple's prioritization of user privacy, including randomly-tagged six-month Siri searches, whereas Google and Amazon keep data until actively discarded by the user, and executive power struggles with some employees leaving. Apple declined to comment on the report, while Eddy Cue said: \"Apple often uses generic data rather than user data to train its systems and has the ability to improve Siri's performance for individual users with information kept on their iPhones.\"",
"title": "Siri"
},
{
"docid": "26086272#31",
"text": "In June 2016, \"The Verge\"s Sean O'Kane wrote about the then-upcoming major iOS 10 updates, with a headline stating \"Siri's big upgrades won't matter if it can't understand its users\": \"What Apple didn't talk about was solving Siri's biggest, most basic flaws: it's still not very good at voice recognition, and when it gets it right, the results are often clunky. And these problems look even worse when you consider that Apple now has full-fledged competitors in this space: Amazon's Alexa, Microsoft's Cortana, and Google's Assistant.\" Also writing for \"The Verge\", Walt Mossberg had previously questioned Apple's efforts in cloud-based services, writing:\n\"[...] perhaps the biggest disappointment among Apple's cloud-based services is the one it needs most today, right now: Siri. Before Apple bought it, Siri was on the road to being a robust digital assistant that could do many things, and integrate with many services – even though it was being built by a startup with limited funds and people. After Apple bought Siri, the giant company seemed to treat it as a backwater, restricting it to doing only a few, slowly increasing number of tasks, like telling you the weather, sports scores, movie and restaurant listings, and controlling the device's functions. Its unhappy founders have left Apple to build a new AI service called Viv. And, on too many occasions, Siri either gets things wrong, doesn't know the answer, or can't verbalize it. Instead, it shows you a web search result, even when you're not in a position to read it.\"\nIn October 2016, \"Bloomberg\" reported that Apple had plans to unify the teams behind its various cloud-based services, including a single campus and reorganized cloud computing resources aimed at improving the processing of Siri's queries, although another report from \"The Verge\", in June 2017, once again called Siri's voice recognition \"bad.\"",
"title": "Siri"
}
] | [
-0.01810116320848465,
0.3817545473575592,
-0.1637844443321228,
0.141571044921875,
-0.1280042827129364,
-0.0589989572763443,
0.4105360209941864,
-0.3410102128982544,
0.2398579865694046,
0.1043853759765625,
-0.0472327321767807,
-0.0833604633808136,
-0.1263851523399353,
0.2684868574142456,
-0.1474151611328125,
0.2895779013633728,
0.3629014790058136,
-0.0227932408452034,
-0.1692131906747818,
0.28564453125,
0.1508653461933136,
0.8107096552848816,
-0.0267978236079216,
0.1925862580537796,
-0.1555514931678772,
0.0734693706035614,
-0.17757479846477509,
0.5008409023284912,
0.34075927734375,
0.1965196430683136,
0.2815077006816864,
-0.0701412633061409,
0.1776190847158432,
0.2800157368183136,
-0.4832899272441864,
0.3146023154258728,
0.3348524272441864,
0.3296712338924408,
-0.0014673868427053094,
0.0828043594956398,
-0.2767961323261261,
-0.0499064140021801,
0.02829996682703495,
-0.008107079192996025,
0.4327799379825592,
-0.1009657084941864,
0.03516726940870285,
-0.2841118574142456,
-0.1961483359336853,
-0.1723293662071228,
-0.4164767861366272,
-0.1583760529756546,
-0.1333685964345932,
-0.00009184413647744805,
-0.2471788227558136,
0.7654622197151184,
0.12932713329792023,
0.6196017861366272,
-0.02460225485265255,
0.1342943012714386,
0.5134006142616272,
-0.2154947966337204,
-0.1483900249004364,
-0.14364735782146454,
-0.00016148884606081992,
0.2811957597732544,
0.1131591796875,
-0.0999671071767807,
-0.0703108012676239,
0.4209526777267456,
-0.2162136435508728,
0.3241645097732544,
0.3277723491191864,
-0.0804019495844841,
-0.1983371376991272,
-0.2704264223575592,
-0.00785149447619915,
0.3819851279258728,
0.1609920859336853,
-0.14357545971870422,
0.647216796875,
-0.1369764506816864,
-0.1023356094956398,
0.4996202290058136,
-0.3393012285232544,
0.3920084536075592,
-0.10231325030326843,
0.2011311799287796,
0.3655327558517456,
0.3009236752986908,
-0.002510282676666975,
0.1351572722196579,
0.14276123046875,
-0.09952375292778015,
0.008877648040652275,
0.2079603374004364,
-0.0401340052485466,
0.0357191301882267,
0.15667513012886047,
-0.2031351774930954,
0.0750630721449852,
-0.2687174379825592,
-0.1057959645986557,
0.2746785581111908,
0.177490234375,
-0.4143880307674408,
-0.3037516176700592,
0.05810356140136719,
0.3449435830116272,
0.1504787802696228,
0.5845268964767456,
-0.3394639790058136,
0.1106279194355011,
-0.5666775107383728,
0.1938120573759079,
0.1617974191904068,
0.1745639443397522,
-0.1225738525390625,
-0.3365953266620636,
-0.8503689169883728,
0.6026475429534912,
0.520751953125,
-0.16960567235946655,
-0.0710686594247818,
-0.2319759726524353,
-0.1282280832529068,
0.6427409052848816,
-0.3405219316482544,
0.6678059697151184,
0.6139594316482544,
0.0828569233417511,
0.026575300842523575,
0.32537841796875,
0.4864366352558136,
0.12810516357421875,
0.0984564870595932,
0.4541015625,
-0.1069912388920784,
0.0488111712038517,
-0.06917868554592133,
-0.01444244384765625,
0.07904868572950363,
0.17630597949028015,
0.6179741621017456,
-0.04724884033203125,
0.1655680388212204,
0.0235934779047966,
0.5391709804534912,
0.1266360878944397,
0.3866102397441864,
0.5541178584098816,
0.2514241635799408,
-0.1734076589345932,
0.401123046875,
-0.1873881071805954,
0.1816202849149704,
0.4373643696308136,
0.1030002161860466,
0.2910020649433136,
-0.05520375445485115,
0.7801920771598816,
0.2701483964920044,
-0.028146108612418175,
0.3139919638633728,
0.1111924946308136,
0.0984022319316864,
0.02806938998401165,
0.3462727963924408,
0.55078125,
-0.3307834267616272,
-0.2401970773935318,
0.1081407368183136,
0.4041612446308136,
-0.0787743479013443,
0.09087880700826645,
0.1565890908241272,
-0.3709716796875,
-0.0142228864133358,
0.2702297568321228,
0.3644612729549408,
0.3608940839767456,
-0.1787109375,
0.3500799536705017,
0.2094997763633728,
0.6266818642616272,
0.3432074785232544,
-0.07798513025045395,
-0.4056260883808136,
-0.25177001953125,
0.3899061381816864,
0.0659959614276886,
0.11582861840724945,
0.4695638120174408,
-0.1287907510995865,
-0.1787753701210022,
-0.08462948352098465,
-0.2375217080116272,
-0.1230350062251091,
0.1558397114276886,
0.2330593466758728,
0.18838045001029968,
-0.2383083701133728,
-0.3771158754825592,
0.2367350310087204,
0.4108479917049408,
0.02600945346057415,
-0.1451449990272522,
0.0489773228764534,
-0.2093166708946228,
0.05071322247385979,
0.14765231311321259,
0.0344950370490551,
0.3669162392616272,
0.2731357216835022,
-0.1600816547870636,
0.1296912282705307,
0.2669881284236908,
-0.0348595529794693,
0.3920491635799408,
0.04683515802025795,
-0.5262044072151184,
0.4743381142616272,
0.0518256276845932,
0.2941860556602478,
0.1658189594745636,
-0.3190782368183136,
-0.0503302663564682,
-0.6337890625,
0.2068956196308136,
0.1915351003408432,
0.5225694179534912,
0.4841850996017456,
0.07165273278951645,
-0.5449489951133728,
0.2346462607383728,
0.1362847238779068,
0.2335035502910614,
0.1510755717754364,
0.1309950053691864,
-0.485107421875,
0.12808877229690552,
0.1560804545879364,
-0.2344292551279068,
-0.13847944140434265,
0.3777126669883728,
0.08061853796243668,
0.37451171875,
0.2322523295879364,
-0.3979356586933136,
-0.1618991494178772,
0.0950741246342659,
0.0827907994389534,
-0.03723229467868805,
0.2684190571308136,
-0.08007770031690598,
0.2997640073299408,
0.1707424521446228,
0.0357191301882267,
-0.0835503488779068,
-0.11402235925197601,
-0.00793329905718565,
0.15031422674655914,
0.317138671875,
0.2307942658662796,
-0.48779296875,
0.1102261021733284,
0.2150743305683136,
0.5415581464767456,
0.416015625,
0.5032009482383728,
0.2983262836933136,
-0.2247992604970932,
-0.2272542268037796,
0.4945746660232544,
-0.1668158620595932,
-0.0030670166015625,
-0.1156277135014534,
0.0219294223934412,
-0.3865559995174408,
0.013027614913880825,
0.2365926057100296,
-0.1465047150850296,
-0.036759693175554276,
0.5369194746017456,
0.3412814736366272,
0.4349772036075592,
-0.3283013105392456,
-0.1601732075214386,
-0.16868846118450165,
-0.1944444477558136,
0.2438693642616272,
0.2828233540058136,
-0.0313161201775074,
-0.0977851003408432,
-0.1895684152841568,
0.0473310686647892,
-0.1046346053481102,
-0.287567138671875,
0.2026163786649704,
-0.01857418566942215,
0.382568359375,
-0.4947645366191864,
0.2616441547870636,
0.7255316972732544,
-0.18304443359375,
-0.1498209685087204,
0.01643880270421505,
0.3823513388633728,
-0.2613118588924408,
-0.0841895192861557,
0.5592448115348816,
-0.4126926064491272,
-0.1391398161649704,
0.2431911826133728,
0.1729465126991272,
0.7459852695465088,
0.4968804121017456,
0.0674336776137352,
0.5523817539215088,
0.2235785573720932,
-0.008632236160337925,
-0.14019775390625,
-0.1737331748008728,
0.0508219413459301,
0.2982313334941864,
-0.6618245244026184,
0.04564158245921135,
-0.2663709819316864,
0.261016845703125,
-0.0030364990234375,
0.3718804121017456,
0.0756445974111557,
-0.5037977695465088,
-0.1062469482421875,
-0.4259982705116272,
0.2177327424287796,
0.06196339800953865,
0.6471354365348816,
0.2038845419883728,
0.0830349400639534,
-0.1101650670170784,
-0.1841634064912796,
-0.2274305522441864,
0.2886962890625,
-0.0999247208237648,
0.07330258935689926,
-0.3721652626991272,
0.0075887045823037624,
-0.1098463237285614,
-0.2090386301279068,
0.10990312695503235,
0.1739264577627182,
0.1146630197763443,
0.0600975900888443,
-0.03630828857421875,
0.2989298403263092,
-0.12921227514743805,
0.046661376953125,
0.3596462607383728,
-0.2854139506816864,
0.1804470419883728,
0.5941840410232544,
0.1756252646446228,
0.023268381133675575,
0.5599501132965088,
0.4993760883808136,
0.061325445771217346,
-0.2748345136642456,
0.09923044592142105,
0.061362795531749725,
0.07396778464317322,
0.5008137822151184,
0.41064453125,
-0.0382198765873909,
-0.1323309987783432,
-0.02007547952234745,
-0.1531846821308136,
0.2116495817899704,
0.6300455927848816,
0.0636257603764534,
0.3210584819316864,
0.476318359375,
0.3621690571308136,
-0.14672119915485382,
-0.14542728662490845,
-0.1117536723613739,
-0.2734510600566864,
0.1852620393037796,
-0.03021918423473835,
-0.03638797253370285,
0.3790147602558136,
-0.01142205111682415,
0.3028428852558136,
-0.2957899272441864,
-0.0695919468998909,
-0.2029011994600296,
-0.0368516705930233,
0.1237657368183136,
0.1153835728764534,
0.03572506457567215,
0.08222304284572601,
0.5065646767616272,
0.1681315153837204,
0.5365126132965088,
4.220052242279053,
0.2170138955116272,
0.3736368715763092,
-0.2596503496170044,
-0.3556179404258728,
-0.4463975727558136,
0.12075720727443695,
-0.1990865021944046,
-0.0345696359872818,
0.0872429758310318,
0.1575792133808136,
-0.0949062779545784,
0.0168287493288517,
0.4666883647441864,
-0.0653483048081398,
0.4012993574142456,
0.0489976666867733,
0.0576324462890625,
0.1275668740272522,
0.3759494423866272,
-0.5808919072151184,
0.5021159052848816,
0.216796875,
0.2191365510225296,
-0.006145901046693325,
-0.1956854909658432,
0.264892578125,
-0.0359429270029068,
0.463623046875,
0.3645969033241272,
0.2592909038066864,
-0.1671549528837204,
0.09107737988233566,
-0.1607937216758728,
-0.6322563886642456,
0.2219916433095932,
0.1553293913602829,
0.2269422709941864,
0.2592231035232544,
-0.1578233540058136,
-0.3795572817325592,
0.11872100830078125,
0.5477159023284912,
0.3630913496017456,
-0.046609241515398026,
-0.4143880307674408,
-0.2363908588886261,
0.2537163496017456,
-0.028500450775027275,
-0.06365966796875,
0.3527018129825592,
0.0209977887570858,
0.03157975897192955,
-0.0696122944355011,
0.1636962890625,
0.6095377802848816,
0.282470703125,
0.4592691957950592,
-0.1390736848115921,
-0.4872504472732544,
0.07993316650390625,
-0.1319800466299057,
0.2034742534160614,
0.0536736398935318,
-0.3654920756816864,
-0.1357693076133728,
0.1146036759018898,
0.22141224145889282,
0.5754123330116272,
-0.1188897043466568,
0.3149210512638092,
0.3273383378982544,
0.22504180669784546,
-0.4203830361366272,
0.2114732563495636,
0.056305672973394394,
-0.2526991069316864,
0.100494384765625,
-0.01374223455786705,
-0.09454345703125,
0.0937839075922966,
-0.40576171875,
0.15178701281547546,
0.2055460661649704,
-0.1712375283241272,
0.625244140625,
0.3856607973575592,
-0.08996428549289703,
0.3621826171875,
-0.3691948652267456,
0.318359375,
0.342132568359375,
-0.1596544086933136,
0.1599087119102478,
0.1679823100566864,
-0.036652036011219025,
-0.05671501159667969,
-3.998480796813965,
-0.0832282155752182,
-0.2563205361366272,
0.20806926488876343,
0.0767144113779068,
0.1753200888633728,
0.0560624860227108,
0.0553419329226017,
-0.2599419355392456,
0.1557888388633728,
0.0515797920525074,
0.2666422426700592,
-0.211517333984375,
0.5371364951133728,
-0.1718410849571228,
0.1527472585439682,
0.46533203125,
0.1182929128408432,
0.5220811367034912,
-0.2574734091758728,
-0.1014912948012352,
0.15594482421875,
0.32037353515625,
-0.3626708984375,
0.2232666015625,
0.2053595632314682,
0.3768581748008728,
-0.05540211871266365,
-0.1748402863740921,
0.1549275666475296,
-0.2141791433095932,
-0.2359415739774704,
0.4386121928691864,
-0.046722412109375,
0.1939358115196228,
0.3441704511642456,
0.3825954794883728,
-0.022870592772960663,
0.5701768398284912,
0.0231357142329216,
-0.2623562216758728,
-0.0771806538105011,
0.06653043627738953,
0.1348232626914978,
-0.04006873071193695,
0.1957668662071228,
-0.3757595419883728,
-0.0828646570444107,
-0.3209906816482544,
-0.0759514719247818,
0.02223883755505085,
0.1978691965341568,
-0.1646287739276886,
0.3159586489200592,
0.4948188066482544,
0.010127597488462925,
0.1348910927772522,
0.2396342009305954,
0.270751953125,
0.35986328125,
0.3364529013633728,
-0.4574652910232544,
-0.056265514343976974,
0.1419236958026886,
0.34136962890625,
-0.2361704558134079,
-0.07869677990674973,
0.2909613847732544,
0.7086588740348816,
-0.1127387136220932,
0.2025960236787796,
0.1728108674287796,
-0.0779622420668602,
-0.2751193642616272,
0.1703931987285614,
0.2048678994178772,
-0.4005398154258728,
-0.4015299379825592,
0.5872938632965088,
0.2637532651424408,
-0.0624796561896801,
0.05720774456858635,
-0.4763454794883728,
0.3436143696308136,
2.061957359313965,
0.433837890625,
2.259874105453491,
0.576904296875,
0.030831655487418175,
0.490234375,
0.0618116594851017,
-0.06653682142496109,
0.3071017861366272,
0.1616109162569046,
0.3377007246017456,
0.1559177041053772,
-0.08617835491895676,
-0.06875186413526535,
-0.0571204274892807,
0.13543701171875,
0.2130398154258728,
-0.9282768964767456,
0.1803317666053772,
0.041423797607421875,
0.4557563066482544,
0.0730760395526886,
-0.1884053498506546,
0.0029313829727470875,
0.8774956464767456,
0.03059980645775795,
0.11684036254882812,
0.07672119140625,
0.15504582226276398,
-0.1834581196308136,
0.2272813618183136,
-0.17270129919052124,
0.3836805522441864,
0.1267818808555603,
-0.1173807755112648,
0.1350368857383728,
-0.080963134765625,
4.730034828186035,
0.1093207448720932,
-0.017589356750249863,
-0.1161092147231102,
0.1840074360370636,
0.1914878487586975,
0.6143120527267456,
0.0734507218003273,
0.1807657927274704,
0.4688313901424408,
0.0896318256855011,
0.3137342631816864,
-0.1752454936504364,
0.1889716237783432,
0.0754055455327034,
0.2097083181142807,
-0.036380767822265625,
0.3501247763633728,
0.4229600727558136,
0.2254570871591568,
0.6115993857383728,
0.30279541015625,
-0.0338066965341568,
-0.1696031391620636,
0.0275845006108284,
-0.01957109197974205,
0.24755859375,
-0.4818522036075592,
0.020638836547732353,
-0.02906290628015995,
0.2700737714767456,
5.43359375,
0.1383192241191864,
0.2756754457950592,
-0.2242974191904068,
-0.23968505859375,
0.2662895917892456,
-0.2201741486787796,
-0.04084862768650055,
-0.2990180253982544,
-0.033757105469703674,
-0.1865573525428772,
0.2374165803194046,
-0.1727498322725296,
0.3706325888633728,
0.1248847097158432,
0.2940741777420044,
-0.0976460799574852,
-0.1932373046875,
0.1402655690908432,
-0.0844336599111557,
0.11093902587890625,
-0.3211534321308136,
0.2544759213924408,
-0.4599609375,
-0.3806423544883728,
0.02283393032848835,
0.2115478515625,
0.4862196147441864,
-0.02164628729224205,
-0.0768839493393898,
0.33984375,
0.1752726286649704,
-0.3460625410079956,
-0.0900912806391716,
-0.021087646484375,
0.425537109375,
0.2024400532245636,
0.2626681923866272,
0.435791015625,
0.3063150942325592,
0.1595018208026886,
0.4404432475566864,
-0.02893744595348835,
-0.5670030117034912,
0.1550462543964386,
-0.1858859658241272,
-0.1800265908241272,
0.10239389538764954,
-0.0977851003408432,
-0.0097872419282794,
0.1094428151845932,
0.1635165810585022,
1.0965712070465088,
0.3619520366191864,
0.1027425155043602,
-0.028293661773204803,
0.1528540700674057,
0.5341796875,
-0.2688802182674408,
0.2384575754404068,
0.3166232705116272,
0.123687744140625,
-0.0773637592792511,
0.0549452044069767,
0.3835991621017456,
0.3221571147441864,
0.1485256552696228,
-0.0996907576918602,
0.7853190302848816,
-0.2760145366191864,
-0.3335774838924408,
0.0368465855717659,
-0.05274878442287445,
0.008717854507267475,
0.0021612378768622875,
-0.04616716131567955,
0.2899848222732544,
-0.1840040385723114,
0.0763973668217659,
-0.1779039204120636,
-0.0625118687748909,
-0.2393731027841568,
-0.5333116054534912,
-0.12205907702445984,
-0.1174079030752182,
0.0675235316157341,
-0.2758653461933136,
0.1298997700214386,
0.1370001882314682,
-0.0051218667067587376,
0.3031412661075592,
-0.0608147531747818,
-0.06586413830518723,
0.3583713173866272,
-0.1035563126206398,
0.1874050498008728,
0.4139539897441864,
0.2828640341758728,
-0.1943088173866272,
0.26318359375,
-0.3861083984375,
0.2816162109375,
-0.18499755859375,
-0.1178181990981102,
0.1958821564912796,
-0.20269775390625,
0.4708116352558136,
0.06177351251244545,
0.3669975996017456,
-0.1567518413066864,
0.511474609375,
0.4456651508808136,
-0.1926201730966568,
-0.0882229283452034,
-0.0541297048330307
] |
139 | Who launched the first satellite? | [
{
"docid": "1019722#2",
"text": "ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19April 1975. It was named after the mathematician Aryabhata. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communications satellites and earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems like GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In January 2014, ISRO used an indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLV-D5 launch of the GSAT-14.",
"title": "Indian Space Research Organisation"
},
{
"docid": "46597#0",
"text": "Earth observation satellites or Earth remote sensing satellites are satellites specifically designed for Earth observation from orbit, similar to spy satellites but intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc. \nThe first occurrence of satellite remote sensing can be dated to the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Sputnik 1 sent back radio signals, which scientists used to study the ionosphere.\nNASA launched the first American satellite, Explorer 1, in January 31, 1958. The information sent back from its radiation detector led to the discovery of the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts.\nThe TIROS-1 spacecraft, launched on April 1, 1960 as part of NASA's TIROS (Television Infrared Observation Satellite) Program, sent back the first television footage of weather patterns to be taken from space.\n, more than 150 Earth observation satellites were in orbit, recording data with both passive and active sensors and acquiring more than 10 terabits of data daily.",
"title": "Earth observation satellite"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "27683#36",
"text": "While Canada was the third country to build a satellite which was launched into space, it was launched aboard an American rocket from an American spaceport. The same goes for Australia, who launched first satellite involved a donated U.S. Redstone rocket and American support staff as well as a joint launch facility with the United Kingdom. The first Italian satellite San Marco 1 launched on 15 December 1964 on a U.S. Scout rocket from Wallops Island (Virginia, United States) with an Italian launch team trained by NASA. By similar occasions, almost all further first national satellites was launched by foreign rockets.",
"title": "Satellite"
},
{
"docid": "25511821#11",
"text": "In 1984, Salim Mehmud quickly launched the Badr satellite program. The development and the construction of Badr-1, Pakistan's first domestically-built digital communication satellite, was started. A small team of SUPARCO scientists and engineers who had studied and trained in University of Surrey were the part of the university's UO-9, UO-11 and UO-22 hamsats miniature satellite development and program, began the development of the satellite. Mehmud, then briefed the General Zia and suggested to launch the satellite from Pakistani Satellite Launch Vehicle. However, having found difficulties in SLV-required technology, the idea of Pakistani SLV was postponed and later was cancelled. Mehmud retired from SUPARCO in 1989 as a chief scientist and was transferred in DESTO. In 1990, Badr-1 was finally launched via Long March 2E rocket from Xichang Satellite Launch Center.",
"title": "Salim Mehmud"
},
{
"docid": "4318261#4",
"text": "The SUPARCO negotiated with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the launch of the satellite and approval required from the United States Government for the launch of the \"Badr-1\". The Air Force Strategic Command decided to fly the satellite by using one of its C-130 aircraft in 1986 to Florida, United States. The \"Delta 3000\" was selected by NASA's administration as its launch vehicle. Preparation was made and its crew and satellite was stored at the aircraft, however, it was delayed due to unknown reasons. The \"Badr-1\" was never shipped to United States and its launch was delayed for until next four years. As aftermath of the Challenger disaster in 1986, the United States Government and NASA had halt all the flights of the rockets carrying spacecraft and satellite payloads until the investigations were thoroughly completed. The satellite was stored at the Instrumentation Laboratories (IL) and SUPARCO began to negotiate with other space powers. In 1990, representatives of Chinese government offered Government of Pakistan to launch the satellite on one of its Long March Rockets and its facility. SUPARCO did not want to wait any longer, therefore, the Air Force Strategic Command flew the satellite, in sub-assembly form, to People's Republic of China. The satellite was re-assembled by Air Force Strategic Command and Suparco's official who visited the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The satellite was load at the Launch Area 2 and final preparations were made. The Chinese Government used Long March 2E, a three-stage orbital carrier rocket designed to commercial communications satellites, to launch the \"Badr-1\" who also took its first maiden flight with the launch of \"Badr-1\" on 16 July 1990.",
"title": "Badr-1"
},
{
"docid": "1268205#1",
"text": "The first satellite (USA-53 or 1990-019B, 19,600 kg) launched for the program was deployed on March 1, 1990 by the Space Shuttle \"Atlantis\" as part of Mission STS-36. Objects associated with the satellite decayed on March 31, 1990, but the satellite was seen and tracked later that year and in the mid-1990s by amateur observers. The second satellite (USA-144 or 1999-028A) was launched on May 22, 1999, and by 2004 the launch of a third satellite was planned for 2009. Circumstantial evidence suggested that the third satellite might be the payload of the Delta IV Heavy launch designated NROL-15, which was launched in June 2012. That launch deposited a payload into geosynchronous orbit but, given the stealth/deception hypothesis, there remains the possibility of other, undetected payloads.",
"title": "Misty (satellite)"
},
{
"docid": "7527410#48",
"text": "The necessity for better satellite television programming than TVRO arose in the 1980s. Satellite television services, first in Europe, began transmitting K band signals in the late 1980s. On 11 December 1988 Luxembourg launched Astra 1A, the first satellite to provide medium power satellite coverage to Western Europe. This was one of the first medium-powered satellites, transmitting signals in K band and allowing reception with small(90 cm) dishes for the first time ever. The launch of Astra beat the winner of the UK's state Direct Broadcast Satellite licence, British Satellite Broadcasting, to the market, and accelerated its demise.",
"title": "Satellite television"
},
{
"docid": "8778629#5",
"text": "Already delayed significantly beyond the first satellite's planned 2014 launch, on April 27, 2016, Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX), in Hawthorne, California, was awarded an firm-fixed-price contract for launch services to deliver a GPS III satellite to its intended orbit. The contract included launch vehicle production, mission integration, and launch operations for a GPS III mission, to be performed in Hawthorne, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and McGregor, Texas. In December 2016, the Director of the U.S. Air Force's Global Positioning Systems Directorate announced the first satellite would launch in the spring of 2018. In March 2017, the US General Accounting Office stated \"Technical issues with both the GPS III satellite and the OCX Block 0 launch control and checkout system have combined to place the planned March 2018 launch date for the first GPS III satellite at risk.\" The delays were caused by a number of factors, primarily due to issues found in the navigation payload. Further launch date slippages were caused by the need for additional testing and validation of a SpaceX Falcon 9 which ultimately launched the satellite on December 23, 2018.",
"title": "GPS Block IIIA"
},
{
"docid": "11312635#5",
"text": "United Launch Alliance is providing launch services for the first three satellites. Satellite processing for the first two satellites was handled by the Astrotech Space Operations subsidiary of SPACEHAB. The first satellite was launched at 22:34 GMT, on 8 June 2007, aboard a Delta II 7420-10 rocket from Vandenberg AFB. An identical rocket launched COSMO-2 at 02:31:42 GMT on 9 December 2007, the launch having been delayed from 6 December due to bad weather, and problems with the rocket's cork insulation. COSMO-3 launched at 02:38 GMT on 25 October 2008, also aboard a Delta II 7420-10. A Delta II flying in the 7420-10 configuration will also be used to launch COSMO-4. Launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on November 5, 2010 at 1920L.",
"title": "COSMO-SkyMed"
},
{
"docid": "17364156#7",
"text": "Unfortunately for the timely success of the satellite project, many of the most experienced people at Martin were shifted to the high-priority Titan ICBM program, and the mature Viking team was largely lost to Project Vanguard. The resulting shock to US pride and perceptions of national security, when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial earth satellite, on October 4, 1957 (on the much larger R-7 rocket, developed as an ICBM), combined with the spectacular launch failure of the first complete Vanguard test launch December 6, 1957, is well known and recounted elsewhere. Thus the first US satellite, Explorer 1, was launched January 31, 1958 by a substantially larger Army Jupiter-C rocket, based on the Redstone missile, which had been developed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) at Huntsville, Alabama under the leadership of Wernher von Braun. The first successful Vanguard satellite launching came on March 17, 1958. Its payload, Vanguard 1, is the oldest satellite currently in orbit, in addition to its upper launch stage.",
"title": "Milton Rosen"
}
] | [
0.3802490234375,
0.3523712158203125,
-0.432891845703125,
0.1826934814453125,
0.174163818359375,
0.20627593994140625,
0.4019775390625,
-0.352508544921875,
0.1374053955078125,
0.51422119140625,
-0.12795257568359375,
-0.35675048828125,
-0.2689971923828125,
0.18170928955078125,
-0.12029838562011719,
-0.14586257934570312,
0.7052001953125,
-0.19992685317993164,
0.2416229248046875,
0.19378662109375,
-0.00021791458129882812,
0.55511474609375,
-0.184967041015625,
0.042211055755615234,
0.1643524169921875,
-0.19521331787109375,
-0.2632293701171875,
0.21076202392578125,
0.29425048828125,
0.176122784614563,
0.2429656982421875,
-0.05511903762817383,
0.11301803588867188,
0.3914642333984375,
-0.3442840576171875,
0.4140625,
0.1071319580078125,
0.2999420166015625,
0.12201690673828125,
-0.10812950134277344,
-0.089630126953125,
-0.030492782592773438,
0.3113861083984375,
-0.04562187194824219,
0.32120513916015625,
-0.11084747314453125,
0.10071754455566406,
-0.1935291290283203,
-0.1353607177734375,
0.558135986328125,
-0.0734710693359375,
-0.019179821014404297,
-0.237091064453125,
-0.15462875366210938,
-0.22670745849609375,
0.66845703125,
-0.230743408203125,
0.69891357421875,
-0.07731199264526367,
-0.15815353393554688,
0.06903624534606934,
0.3397979736328125,
0.1048736572265625,
-0.10055923461914062,
0.3368682861328125,
0.1935577392578125,
-0.06866145133972168,
0.045497894287109375,
0.021383285522460938,
0.301483154296875,
0.346527099609375,
0.3993682861328125,
0.11594772338867188,
0.11547088623046875,
0.16036224365234375,
-0.09546184539794922,
0.05519866943359375,
0.07708930969238281,
0.26556396484375,
-0.2846832275390625,
0.426971435546875,
-0.06379532814025879,
-0.56732177734375,
0.44952392578125,
-0.025376319885253906,
0.3278045654296875,
0.08701038360595703,
0.10999870300292969,
0.14516067504882812,
0.2816162109375,
-0.05925029516220093,
0.037672996520996094,
-0.00449371337890625,
-0.1335444450378418,
0.025809288024902344,
0.04897785186767578,
0.05681753158569336,
-0.2998199462890625,
-0.017206907272338867,
-0.1262664794921875,
-0.13878822326660156,
-0.2349395751953125,
-0.2445220947265625,
0.07703018188476562,
0.1214895248413086,
-0.48309326171875,
-0.528167724609375,
-0.21410655975341797,
0.08342742919921875,
0.244537353515625,
0.4696044921875,
-0.3763427734375,
-0.299072265625,
0.15425872802734375,
0.008683204650878906,
0.156494140625,
0.24135971069335938,
0.08771514892578125,
-0.17018985748291016,
-0.80841064453125,
0.297149658203125,
0.2996063232421875,
-0.303070068359375,
-0.13069820404052734,
-0.012889862060546875,
-0.148712158203125,
0.533599853515625,
-0.029748916625976562,
0.6407470703125,
0.618408203125,
0.016510009765625,
0.08549880981445312,
0.002438783645629883,
0.520294189453125,
-0.013775825500488281,
0.07857513427734375,
0.1471729278564453,
0.06162834167480469,
-0.28228759765625,
-0.3596343994140625,
-0.246368408203125,
0.3234405517578125,
-0.3191375732421875,
0.5543212890625,
-0.22113800048828125,
0.425872802734375,
0.218109130859375,
0.409759521484375,
0.11303997039794922,
0.17375564575195312,
0.2466583251953125,
0.16290950775146484,
-0.5101318359375,
0.34765625,
-0.1131591796875,
0.11871337890625,
0.571624755859375,
0.13206100463867188,
-0.027101486921310425,
0.17233848571777344,
0.73779296875,
0.3740234375,
0.183135986328125,
-0.236480712890625,
0.26694774627685547,
0.05354928970336914,
0.07135772705078125,
0.5181884765625,
0.4139404296875,
-0.191864013671875,
-0.41455078125,
-0.02788257598876953,
0.13394927978515625,
0.07963275909423828,
0.22800445556640625,
0.29058837890625,
-0.40380859375,
0.021325111389160156,
0.047199249267578125,
0.04318046569824219,
0.11001968383789062,
0.05331897735595703,
0.356903076171875,
-0.0580596923828125,
0.635009765625,
0.21471405029296875,
-0.2729339599609375,
-0.3282470703125,
-0.060996174812316895,
-0.208221435546875,
0.31024169921875,
0.09158706665039062,
0.42413330078125,
-0.2311248779296875,
-0.15200424194335938,
-0.2861480712890625,
-0.16786956787109375,
0.01020193099975586,
-0.13297271728515625,
0.44970703125,
-0.446868896484375,
0.13915252685546875,
-0.68536376953125,
0.16503143310546875,
0.12414169311523438,
-0.27672576904296875,
0.023263931274414062,
0.011563658714294434,
-0.19585418701171875,
-0.02419734001159668,
0.09039306640625,
0.08353996276855469,
-0.2871856689453125,
0.3273468017578125,
-0.21606969833374023,
0.3134918212890625,
-0.2271881103515625,
-0.20396995544433594,
0.38890647888183594,
0.1205902099609375,
-0.10912418365478516,
0.475860595703125,
-0.2362213134765625,
-0.05893898010253906,
0.1664562225341797,
-0.07168197631835938,
-0.239837646484375,
-0.4696044921875,
0.3038177490234375,
0.32830810546875,
0.3724365234375,
0.337158203125,
-0.09241294860839844,
-0.57379150390625,
0.023862838745117188,
0.06514358520507812,
0.81927490234375,
0.19137585163116455,
-0.2493896484375,
0.014728546142578125,
0.2474517822265625,
-0.2545928955078125,
0.009265899658203125,
0.306549072265625,
0.552581787109375,
-0.3463478088378906,
0.391021728515625,
0.17580413818359375,
-0.620452880859375,
-0.494537353515625,
0.2740325927734375,
0.16754150390625,
-0.16799163818359375,
0.4552001953125,
-0.333892822265625,
-0.0707859992980957,
0.05520129203796387,
0.1443328857421875,
-0.22432708740234375,
-0.13011932373046875,
-0.025040149688720703,
0.18048858642578125,
0.373779296875,
0.367401123046875,
-0.0960845947265625,
-0.1086578369140625,
0.26104736328125,
0.545989990234375,
-0.048858642578125,
0.3162689208984375,
0.3350067138671875,
-0.2970733642578125,
0.0798044204711914,
0.12343370914459229,
-0.1999053955078125,
0.28882598876953125,
0.13511276245117188,
0.09676074981689453,
-0.40185546875,
-0.06282424926757812,
-0.01776885986328125,
0.017170310020446777,
-0.152313232421875,
0.3513031005859375,
0.563629150390625,
-0.041194915771484375,
0.013864636421203613,
-0.2679595947265625,
-0.2500152587890625,
0.13343048095703125,
0.10117721557617188,
0.4149169921875,
-0.218505859375,
-0.33667755126953125,
0.125,
-0.14833450317382812,
0.01488494873046875,
-0.10642242431640625,
0.337432861328125,
-0.11130523681640625,
0.16690683364868164,
-0.40203857421875,
-0.0118560791015625,
0.7244873046875,
0.3441619873046875,
-0.13984298706054688,
-0.00370025634765625,
0.5672607421875,
0.1663990020751953,
0.17218780517578125,
0.204986572265625,
-0.459197998046875,
-0.1459503173828125,
0.2978515625,
0.21668243408203125,
0.467559814453125,
0.12288665771484375,
0.193634033203125,
0.23993682861328125,
0.10076141357421875,
0.021325111389160156,
-0.08804941177368164,
-0.42132568359375,
0.1606292724609375,
0.373809814453125,
-0.3047637939453125,
0.048229366540908813,
-0.12600326538085938,
0.6739501953125,
0.443389892578125,
0.38906097412109375,
0.03105926513671875,
-0.2831878662109375,
0.03957223892211914,
-0.2884979248046875,
0.07784652709960938,
0.06052398681640625,
0.440399169921875,
0.06229400634765625,
-0.29400634765625,
0.07672882080078125,
-0.062290191650390625,
0.1731119155883789,
0.356903076171875,
-0.09669113159179688,
0.12060546875,
0.408416748046875,
0.20375823974609375,
0.19622111320495605,
-0.03667640686035156,
0.45660400390625,
-0.0036411285400390625,
-0.058716773986816406,
0.44243621826171875,
-0.00760650634765625,
0.4426727294921875,
0.34893798828125,
-0.03965616226196289,
0.334808349609375,
-0.286895751953125,
0.11579513549804688,
0.45635986328125,
0.394012451171875,
0.1766815185546875,
0.3282318115234375,
0.049379825592041016,
-0.0356292724609375,
-0.561859130859375,
-0.07032012939453125,
0.139312744140625,
0.11631965637207031,
0.1349020004272461,
0.2157440185546875,
0.304229736328125,
-0.503936767578125,
-0.01188516616821289,
0.037752628326416016,
0.72418212890625,
0.421295166015625,
0.3244476318359375,
0.5223388671875,
0.559234619140625,
0.447906494140625,
0.11074447631835938,
-0.14752578735351562,
-0.09575557708740234,
-0.2542877197265625,
-0.3408355712890625,
0.12183380126953125,
0.007733345031738281,
0.67852783203125,
0.03852081298828125,
0.050212860107421875,
-0.024705171585083008,
-0.395050048828125,
-0.24688720703125,
0.35614013671875,
0.3190765380859375,
0.278411865234375,
0.09187507629394531,
0.262176513671875,
0.75946044921875,
0.2508697509765625,
0.422027587890625,
4.160400390625,
-0.07612037658691406,
-0.23209381103515625,
-0.442474365234375,
-0.3028411865234375,
0.23792648315429688,
0.325469970703125,
-0.24825286865234375,
0.14381933212280273,
0.035967350006103516,
0.08053398132324219,
0.0768280029296875,
-0.135711669921875,
-0.20473480224609375,
-0.12112236022949219,
0.17620849609375,
0.16712570190429688,
0.08584022521972656,
0.06948089599609375,
0.10543441772460938,
-0.334991455078125,
0.06674957275390625,
0.3131103515625,
0.04529571533203125,
0.70330810546875,
-0.06492805480957031,
0.539886474609375,
0.02924346923828125,
0.326904296875,
0.4478759765625,
0.03882646560668945,
-0.242950439453125,
0.29927825927734375,
0.041768550872802734,
-0.90545654296875,
0.41070556640625,
0.19022369384765625,
0.12683677673339844,
-0.13172149658203125,
0.008670806884765625,
-0.05426025390625,
0.12603759765625,
0.409515380859375,
0.336669921875,
-0.0051593780517578125,
-0.05540132522583008,
-0.09222793579101562,
0.2548980712890625,
0.05343437194824219,
-0.353057861328125,
0.2859649658203125,
-0.045345306396484375,
-0.04649066925048828,
-0.08911895751953125,
0.2632904052734375,
0.495635986328125,
0.5291748046875,
0.148193359375,
0.1969146728515625,
0.17260360717773438,
0.08660507202148438,
0.11172866821289062,
0.05463552474975586,
0.05268383026123047,
-0.26483154296875,
0.20836639404296875,
0.172119140625,
0.23595809936523438,
0.53485107421875,
0.0009374618530273438,
0.027669906616210938,
0.391845703125,
0.54205322265625,
-0.08249092102050781,
0.19049072265625,
-0.3312835693359375,
-0.47528076171875,
0.1468033790588379,
0.13556432723999023,
0.006885051727294922,
0.0913848876953125,
-0.10254669189453125,
-0.06568050384521484,
0.5638427734375,
0.0489811897277832,
0.517669677734375,
0.14956283569335938,
-0.6507568359375,
0.548004150390625,
-0.029654093086719513,
0.4969482421875,
0.4843292236328125,
0.3036041259765625,
-0.2274150848388672,
0.3126983642578125,
0.11185550689697266,
0.08126235008239746,
-4.01123046875,
0.5577392578125,
0.07991552352905273,
0.12190055847167969,
0.03096771240234375,
-0.18512725830078125,
0.015547752380371094,
0.1301034688949585,
-0.320037841796875,
0.2346649169921875,
-0.1914825439453125,
0.240203857421875,
-0.04295921325683594,
0.520172119140625,
0.33758544921875,
0.06741344928741455,
-0.06740570068359375,
0.2923583984375,
0.2336883544921875,
-0.17687225341796875,
-0.09419631958007812,
-0.09310579299926758,
0.500732421875,
-0.18523788452148438,
0.17911243438720703,
0.011754989624023438,
0.26328277587890625,
0.07529449462890625,
-0.296478271484375,
0.0596928596496582,
-0.07727813720703125,
0.056992530822753906,
0.6142578125,
-0.33477783203125,
0.397735595703125,
0.4005126953125,
0.4098968505859375,
0.469696044921875,
0.282806396484375,
0.3162689208984375,
-0.09067535400390625,
0.08226585388183594,
0.225189208984375,
0.07915163040161133,
-0.12856709957122803,
-0.1550445556640625,
-0.32489013671875,
0.2857208251953125,
-0.218780517578125,
0.128173828125,
0.34326171875,
-0.009476423263549805,
-0.1420912742614746,
0.0700521469116211,
0.366729736328125,
-0.08902359008789062,
0.16431427001953125,
-0.305755615234375,
0.33367919921875,
0.1309661865234375,
0.1931324005126953,
-0.1048126220703125,
0.0501408576965332,
0.3866119384765625,
0.16460418701171875,
0.17044830322265625,
0.19165420532226562,
0.4069671630859375,
-0.23625946044921875,
-0.24880361557006836,
0.13848876953125,
0.42431640625,
0.22672271728515625,
-0.2933807373046875,
0.1274571418762207,
0.378631591796875,
0.17963027954101562,
-0.016546010971069336,
0.66253662109375,
0.10667800903320312,
-0.15967178344726562,
-0.2092132568359375,
-0.373016357421875,
0.197723388671875,
2.270263671875,
0.551300048828125,
2.1971435546875,
0.40423583984375,
-0.00782012939453125,
0.336883544921875,
0.2949981689453125,
0.07399940490722656,
0.2478485107421875,
-0.0020656585693359375,
-0.1296844482421875,
0.3271026611328125,
0.027370452880859375,
-0.1262722611427307,
0.16016387939453125,
-0.0961008071899414,
0.477783203125,
-1.034942626953125,
0.2579803466796875,
-0.413238525390625,
0.06631660461425781,
0.23993682861328125,
-0.16371917724609375,
-0.0808260440826416,
0.019593238830566406,
-0.05140113830566406,
-0.06618118286132812,
-0.06709480285644531,
0.0784454345703125,
-0.1730194091796875,
-0.192626953125,
0.408966064453125,
0.47100830078125,
-0.435943603515625,
0.28958892822265625,
0.259674072265625,
0.197021484375,
4.734375,
0.21684837341308594,
-0.305877685546875,
0.1819305419921875,
-0.07454395294189453,
-0.05779242515563965,
0.441131591796875,
-0.107391357421875,
0.0020837783813476562,
0.24193358421325684,
0.06557083129882812,
0.04962730407714844,
-0.13619518280029297,
0.06989669799804688,
-0.1858062744140625,
-0.07837963104248047,
0.11995506286621094,
0.18749618530273438,
0.375823974609375,
0.11020469665527344,
0.20684051513671875,
0.283721923828125,
0.45367431640625,
-0.1832733154296875,
-0.20186424255371094,
0.03843879699707031,
-0.17133712768554688,
-0.312713623046875,
-0.10204505920410156,
0.20740413665771484,
0.31005859375,
5.46875,
0.18691635131835938,
0.2785797119140625,
-0.1904296875,
-0.05618476867675781,
0.3743743896484375,
-0.3260498046875,
-0.10161685943603516,
-0.3769683837890625,
-0.10931777954101562,
-0.11138916015625,
0.05916786193847656,
-0.0572509765625,
0.23040008544921875,
0.284515380859375,
0.400726318359375,
-0.171478271484375,
-0.11809539794921875,
0.12110137939453125,
0.010189056396484375,
0.499176025390625,
0.3847503662109375,
0.15682220458984375,
-0.478546142578125,
0.10683441162109375,
-0.21312713623046875,
0.1106719970703125,
0.49163818359375,
-0.2690277099609375,
-0.32232666015625,
0.4063720703125,
-0.0306549072265625,
-0.05217920243740082,
0.11846733093261719,
-0.14865875244140625,
0.1551799774169922,
0.22979736328125,
0.0937643051147461,
0.10532760620117188,
0.2011260986328125,
0.26287841796875,
0.4215087890625,
-0.1035919189453125,
0.15932464599609375,
0.14879226684570312,
0.01233673095703125,
-0.12033843994140625,
0.25048828125,
-0.03158760070800781,
-0.07368278503417969,
0.2140655517578125,
-0.10548026859760284,
0.993896484375,
-0.1683502197265625,
0.017117619514465332,
0.295501708984375,
0.02441692352294922,
-0.11728096008300781,
0.00528717041015625,
0.274627685546875,
0.491851806640625,
-0.000032901763916015625,
0.2386627197265625,
0.19766998291015625,
0.488189697265625,
0.522552490234375,
0.26576900482177734,
-0.17401123046875,
0.4324951171875,
-0.22843170166015625,
-0.041980743408203125,
-0.3506317138671875,
0.08688735961914062,
0.07834529876708984,
-0.04018402099609375,
-0.0488128662109375,
-0.14206528663635254,
-0.17212677001953125,
0.22598838806152344,
-0.07457542419433594,
-0.2430267333984375,
-0.1827545166015625,
-0.355224609375,
0.1229705810546875,
0.1432037353515625,
-0.08141708374023438,
-0.06014251708984375,
0.11186981201171875,
0.11617279052734375,
0.201416015625,
0.08747100830078125,
0.18450164794921875,
0.24405670166015625,
0.3755645751953125,
0.3600311279296875,
-0.042540550231933594,
0.4466552734375,
0.3270721435546875,
-0.3516998291015625,
0.5863037109375,
-0.131439208984375,
0.2165374755859375,
-0.36834716796875,
0.17578887939453125,
0.285888671875,
-0.15772533416748047,
0.269561767578125,
-0.0414886474609375,
-0.2844696044921875,
0.2056427001953125,
0.451629638671875,
0.386199951171875,
-0.07639503479003906,
-0.1415090560913086,
0.06392765045166016
] |
141 | How many members does the National Labor Relations Board have? | [
{
"docid": "26107554#1",
"text": "The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has five Members, each of whom serves for a five-year term. Terms are staggered so that one Member's term expires each year (although delays in nominations and confirmation, as well as the use of recess appointments, can upset this schedule). Members are nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate. Traditionally, a majority of the board belongs to the President's political party. The President designates the Chair from one of the existing Members. The Chair serves at the pleasure of the President, and may be demoted without cause or warning at any time.",
"title": "List of Chairs of the National Labor Relations Board"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "223373#0",
"text": "The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent agency of the Federal government of the United States with responsibilities for enforcing U.S. labor law in relation to collective bargaining and unfair labor practices. Under the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 it supervises elections for labor union representation and can investigate and remedy unfair labor practices. Unfair labor practices may involve union-related situations or instances of protected concerted activity. The NLRB is governed by a five-person board and a General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. Board members are appointed to five-year terms and the General Counsel is appointed to a four-year term. The General Counsel acts as a prosecutor and the Board acts as an appellate quasi-judicial body from decisions of administrative law judges.",
"title": "National Labor Relations Board"
},
{
"docid": "223373#28",
"text": "On December 28, 2007, just before the Board lost its quorum, the four members agreed to delegate their authority to a three-person panel per the National Labor Relations Act. Only Liebman and Schaumber remained on the Board, but the Board concluded that the two constituted a quorum of the three-person panel and thus could make decisions on behalf of the Board. Liebman and Schaumber informally agreed to decide only those cases which were in their view noncontroversial and on which they could agree, and issued almost 400 decisions between January 2008 and September 2009.",
"title": "National Labor Relations Board"
},
{
"docid": "3286167#34",
"text": "Roosevelt issued Executive Order 6763 on June 29, 1934. The new order abolished the NLB. In its place, it established the National Labor Relations Board. The new NLRB had only three members: Lloyd K. Garrison, dean of the University of Wisconsin Law School, was its chairman; Harry A. Millis, professor of economics at the University of Chicago, and Edwin S. Smith, Commissioner of Labor and Industry for the state of Massachusetts, were its members.",
"title": "National Labor Board"
},
{
"docid": "223373#27",
"text": "From December 2007 until June 2010, the five-person Board had only two members, creating a legal controversy. Three members' terms expired in December 2007, leaving the NLRB with just two members—Chair Wilma B. Liebman and Member Peter Schaumber. President George W. Bush refused to make some nominations to the Board and Senate Democrats refused to confirm those which he did make.",
"title": "National Labor Relations Board"
},
{
"docid": "223373#35",
"text": "Charges are filed by parties against unions or employers with the appropriate regional office. The regional office will investigate the complaint. If a violation is believed to exist, the region will take the case before an Administrative Law Judge who will conduct a hearing. The decision of the Administrative Law Judge may be reviewed by the five member Board. Board decisions are reviewable by United States Courts of Appeals. The Board's decisions are not self-executing: it must seek court enforcement in order to force a recalcitrant party to comply with its orders. (For greater detail on this process see the entry for unfair labor practice).",
"title": "National Labor Relations Board"
},
{
"docid": "223373#26",
"text": "The board itself (as an adjudicating body distinct from the functions separated as a result of Taft-Harley) has a fixed seating which is assigned based on the names of 5 original members.",
"title": "National Labor Relations Board"
},
{
"docid": "8170752#0",
"text": "The Labor and Employment Relations Association (LERA), was founded in 1947 as the Industrial Relations Research Association. LERA is an organization for professionals in industrial relations and human resources. Headquartered at the School of Labor and Employment Relations at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, the organization has more than 3,000 members at the national level and in its local chapters. LERA is a non-profit, non-partisan organization that draws its members from the ranks of academia, management, labor and \"neutrals\" (arbitrators and mediators). The organization uses the slogan \"Advancing Workplace Relations.\"",
"title": "Labor and Employment Relations Association"
},
{
"docid": "223373#33",
"text": "The Board has more than thirty regional offices. The regional offices conduct elections, investigate unfair labor practice charges, and make the initial determination on those charges (whether to dismiss, settle, or issue complaints). The Board has jurisdiction to hold elections and prosecute violations of the Act in Puerto Rico and American Samoa.",
"title": "National Labor Relations Board"
},
{
"docid": "26112988#3",
"text": "On December 20, 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Fanning as a Member of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). At the time he joined the NLRB, the Board and its regional directors were handling about 16,000 cases a year. In a testament to his professionalism and bipartisanship, he was reappointed by Presidents Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Jimmy Carter. He was widely known for being exceptionally knowledgeable about Board rulings, but was also a frequent dissenter on the Board and known for being favorable to labor unions. Fanning did not deny this bias, noting in 1977, \"I'm convinced that if a company has a union in its plant, the union was pretty much invited in by the actions of the company. People don't pay union dues if they are entirely happy. Many employers are now recognizing that if you are not greedy, you can keep a union out of your plant if you really want to. All you have to do is pay the prevailing wages or a little more.\" His reappointment to the NLRB by President Nixon in 1972 for a fourth five-year term set a record at the time.",
"title": "John H. Fanning"
}
] | [
0.42328351736068726,
-0.07169899344444275,
-0.4682992696762085,
0.3067485988140106,
-0.023456279188394547,
-0.01675884611904621,
0.237934410572052,
-0.25416916608810425,
0.34421950578689575,
0.2663433253765106,
-0.07969137281179428,
0.017518850043416023,
-0.3432992696762085,
0.5353628396987915,
-0.5592886209487915,
0.16105064749717712,
0.5106858611106873,
0.15574294328689575,
0.073333740234375,
0.17713341116905212,
-0.17199237644672394,
0.3077486455440521,
-0.06133446469902992,
0.35568472743034363,
0.10510019212961197,
-0.34340256452560425,
-0.028247246518731117,
0.2849214971065521,
-0.18134483695030212,
0.23035606741905212,
0.2409597486257553,
-0.04565107077360153,
-0.19746281206607819,
0.485107421875,
-0.39373308420181274,
0.33368390798568726,
0.09762044996023178,
0.29562142491340637,
0.07367618381977081,
0.5772423148155212,
-0.14555828273296356,
0.28281813859939575,
-0.4338918924331665,
-0.40708571672439575,
0.42922738194465637,
0.11211454123258591,
0.02257009595632553,
-0.22144962847232819,
-0.3237375020980835,
0.07691486179828644,
-0.12977951765060425,
-0.35481613874435425,
-0.10682325810194016,
-0.20893742144107819,
-0.6868051290512085,
0.5911207795143127,
-0.09689565747976303,
0.5658991932868958,
0.003142136847600341,
-0.21937443315982819,
0.581618070602417,
0.2677142918109894,
-0.12917503714561462,
-0.007012862246483564,
0.2830769419670105,
0.24215462803840637,
-0.45111554861068726,
0.08606462925672531,
0.2200387865304947,
0.3646709620952606,
0.030010957270860672,
0.32073503732681274,
0.6746168732643127,
0.21881631016731262,
-0.24087055027484894,
-0.08909724652767181,
0.2540283203125,
0.24784968793392181,
0.2882455587387085,
-0.017940374091267586,
0.20922382175922394,
-0.08757899701595306,
-0.07639606297016144,
0.08331298828125,
0.19012920558452606,
0.37990158796310425,
0.04191824048757553,
0.08252305537462234,
0.23441725969314575,
0.6094313263893127,
-0.2576152980327606,
0.32001203298568726,
0.0209197998046875,
0.28115609288215637,
0.2720853388309479,
0.21518179774284363,
0.17045710980892181,
-0.2018001228570938,
0.29680925607681274,
0.008573091588914394,
-0.1875234693288803,
-0.23426231741905212,
0.06761521846055984,
0.13811151683330536,
0.43984749913215637,
-0.3902494013309479,
0.040696363896131516,
0.0005563589511439204,
0.02751893177628517,
0.23924842476844788,
0.22763530910015106,
0.009550791233778,
0.21700814366340637,
0.20283859968185425,
0.013641357421875,
0.012644254602491856,
0.4732327461242676,
-0.4327298700809479,
-0.3880145847797394,
-0.9291616678237915,
0.2686392068862915,
0.20732234418392181,
-0.07727754861116409,
-0.027677683159708977,
-0.22527606785297394,
0.11420030146837234,
0.44411057233810425,
-0.17491267621517181,
0.5979191660881042,
0.6847956776618958,
-0.09236849099397659,
0.48476937413215637,
0.048923637717962265,
0.6168494820594788,
0.25626784563064575,
0.6997445821762085,
0.6760066151618958,
-0.3224346339702606,
-0.070241779088974,
-0.364990234375,
-0.868088960647583,
-0.900315523147583,
-0.12727120518684387,
0.5221041440963745,
-0.13829392194747925,
-0.06502357125282288,
-0.05498182028532028,
0.11109865456819534,
-0.19230300188064575,
0.1886526197195053,
0.23304866254329681,
-0.06883738934993744,
0.0245819091796875,
0.8216646909713745,
-0.04274808615446091,
0.26192063093185425,
0.06132742017507553,
0.31728890538215637,
0.3662015497684479,
0.06261539459228516,
0.7661508321762085,
0.4219501316547394,
0.26382681727409363,
-0.49863845109939575,
0.09415289014577866,
0.4474346339702606,
-0.3178241550922394,
0.2509278655052185,
0.5788386464118958,
-0.14632004499435425,
-0.34515851736068726,
0.4285794794559479,
0.17177288234233856,
-0.08353717625141144,
-0.0012221703073009849,
0.14104050397872925,
-0.34138840436935425,
-0.05180417746305466,
0.5627816915512085,
0.13164226710796356,
0.1500784009695053,
0.20409686863422394,
0.13914841413497925,
0.06529822945594788,
0.5534855723381042,
0.25164324045181274,
0.09345245361328125,
0.039366502314805984,
-0.1082194373011589,
0.23590968549251556,
0.16190631687641144,
0.05162341892719269,
0.5784817934036255,
0.20925667881965637,
0.19410587847232819,
0.4449462890625,
0.05878325551748276,
0.7319711446762085,
-0.08536119014024734,
0.28118425607681274,
-0.11144285649061203,
-0.15978065133094788,
0.13889136910438538,
0.3353740870952606,
0.2229989916086197,
-0.28564453125,
-0.37551644444465637,
0.18614783883094788,
-0.17158390581607819,
-0.4334622919559479,
-0.20720496773719788,
0.02345510572195053,
-0.07275830209255219,
0.32777053117752075,
0.02989989146590233,
0.2567889988422394,
0.15596595406532288,
0.18410080671310425,
0.32325392961502075,
-0.03502126783132553,
0.03680064156651497,
0.367431640625,
-0.21104373037815094,
-0.06936843693256378,
0.11717693507671356,
-0.28057390451431274,
-0.22386287152767181,
-0.22121018171310425,
0.12418453395366669,
0.4169170558452606,
0.20698077976703644,
0.053936298936605453,
0.0027269949205219746,
-0.26786452531814575,
0.3142559230327606,
0.36187273263931274,
0.3684551417827606,
0.09867800027132034,
0.2807992696762085,
-0.024301381781697273,
0.03266847878694534,
-0.07081956416368484,
-0.30422738194465637,
0.18696945905685425,
0.33984375,
-0.4129638671875,
0.2892315089702606,
0.2947481572628021,
-0.15113948285579681,
-0.05635774880647659,
0.21505501866340637,
-0.04901592433452606,
-0.07706047594547272,
0.45639273524284363,
0.31972092390060425,
0.24589890241622925,
0.25046011805534363,
-0.19159404933452606,
-0.011653020046651363,
0.3056734502315521,
0.05361116677522659,
0.3017783463001251,
0.5374473929405212,
0.021335896104574203,
-0.06644205003976822,
-0.19063156843185425,
0.45090895891189575,
0.43198806047439575,
-0.17991051077842712,
0.14359459280967712,
0.5304659605026245,
0.09567495435476303,
-0.003818511962890625,
0.4140625,
-0.3645395040512085,
-0.4763934910297394,
0.029535146430134773,
-0.33451491594314575,
-0.2159646898508072,
0.502760648727417,
0.4833608865737915,
-0.25992292165756226,
-0.09431692212820053,
0.2463308423757553,
0.40771484375,
0.265869140625,
-0.19724978506565094,
0.18393942713737488,
-0.23670841753482819,
-0.07397079467773438,
0.08076242357492447,
0.4541015625,
0.12312228977680206,
-0.16169387102127075,
-0.22961300611495972,
0.18571148812770844,
-0.15577346086502075,
0.2269052416086197,
0.2585073709487915,
0.22014442086219788,
0.5668382048606873,
-0.33950570225715637,
0.33935546875,
0.2513333857059479,
0.2971660792827606,
-0.14073914289474487,
-0.5158315896987915,
-0.09055034816265106,
-0.020551534369587898,
0.8349233865737915,
0.13394400477409363,
-0.33557599782943726,
-0.08983787894248962,
0.17804190516471863,
0.35534903407096863,
0.09008613228797913,
0.013026311062276363,
-0.27155011892318726,
0.4726093113422394,
0.35800406336784363,
-0.23384445905685425,
0.278811514377594,
-0.43081429600715637,
0.006595904938876629,
0.4260629415512085,
-0.4503364562988281,
-0.15518423914909363,
-0.5594200491905212,
0.48773664236068726,
0.6117788553237915,
0.587890625,
0.057519033551216125,
-0.3857046365737915,
-0.05107820779085159,
-0.3260122537612915,
0.35886794328689575,
-0.03200707212090492,
0.49984976649284363,
-0.016783494502305984,
-0.053059063851833344,
0.08466163277626038,
0.08997169137001038,
0.19655197858810425,
0.4002216160297394,
-0.08511293679475784,
0.26752179861068726,
0.08093379437923431,
0.556809663772583,
0.5482459664344788,
0.01181176956743002,
0.37253981828689575,
-0.26597243547439575,
-0.07653456181287766,
-0.2610726058483124,
0.40447527170181274,
-0.1365732103586197,
0.5650352835655212,
0.4135836064815521,
0.18442946672439575,
-0.26479867100715637,
0.17200645804405212,
0.3119671046733856,
-0.15486320853233337,
0.24736140668392181,
0.20941397547721863,
0.5186861753463745,
-0.026407094672322273,
-0.22331355512142181,
0.15910926461219788,
0.17753249406814575,
0.01770489104092121,
-0.19171378016471863,
0.3118427097797394,
0.05963193625211716,
-0.27316519618034363,
-0.4561673700809479,
0.052066508680582047,
0.276611328125,
0.38934797048568726,
-0.1478189378976822,
-0.14690634608268738,
0.6253756284713745,
-0.10031010210514069,
-0.2913348972797394,
-0.15459735691547394,
-0.2564791142940521,
0.18464308977127075,
0.188274085521698,
0.033568162471055984,
0.09752244502305984,
0.04981290549039841,
-0.2156606763601303,
-0.18636849522590637,
-0.08146315068006516,
-0.138702392578125,
0.10623638331890106,
-0.2711087763309479,
0.6349909901618958,
0.3029691278934479,
-0.03933129087090492,
-0.0010289412457495928,
0.24861496686935425,
0.06644091010093689,
0.3250732421875,
4.324819564819336,
0.32151442766189575,
0.19302132725715637,
-0.054365891963243484,
-0.1295400708913803,
-0.13948176801204681,
-0.09763101488351822,
-0.3596660792827606,
0.23096641898155212,
-0.09600712358951569,
-0.17286564409732819,
0.3424447774887085,
-0.2884756326675415,
-0.08445622026920319,
0.09580905735492706,
0.28161972761154175,
0.5012394785881042,
-0.13696318864822388,
0.23232562839984894,
0.2554180324077606,
-0.3764179050922394,
0.26605460047721863,
0.622727632522583,
0.05281125754117966,
0.49091047048568726,
0.2284921556711197,
0.31357985734939575,
0.23206035792827606,
0.2703857421875,
-0.14169663190841675,
0.17706768214702606,
0.1690908521413803,
0.057633619755506516,
-0.14732947945594788,
-0.44272086024284363,
0.38584548234939575,
-0.015860410407185555,
-0.3807748556137085,
-0.06388972699642181,
0.09162983298301697,
-0.20550301671028137,
0.07979173213243484,
0.1231689453125,
0.7262620329856873,
-0.12399644404649734,
0.02037561871111393,
-0.027807382866740227,
0.49380257725715637,
0.07223745435476303,
0.3295147120952606,
0.03833770751953125,
-0.23649714887142181,
0.0946044921875,
-0.23348763585090637,
0.38095328211784363,
0.5019719004631042,
0.02265538088977337,
0.5716458559036255,
0.12983351945877075,
0.3472736179828644,
-0.26743727922439575,
0.1266256421804428,
0.09700834006071091,
-0.03792726248502731,
-0.4704120457172394,
-0.08516223728656769,
0.2317739576101303,
0.14324951171875,
-0.011928851716220379,
-0.05319448560476303,
0.30690354108810425,
0.24525803327560425,
0.39070481061935425,
-0.4364107549190521,
0.32448166608810425,
0.02024122327566147,
-0.5495417714118958,
0.11434467136859894,
-0.12211931496858597,
-0.02761584147810936,
0.16968360543251038,
-0.24321101605892181,
-0.20704768598079681,
0.33102652430534363,
0.19696044921875,
0.5464054942131042,
0.107269287109375,
-0.3692251443862915,
0.1924978345632553,
0.25011736154556274,
0.14648672938346863,
0.09744028002023697,
0.2692424952983856,
-0.05484595522284508,
0.12506572902202606,
0.3404634892940521,
-0.3549663722515106,
-3.890474796295166,
-0.17759352922439575,
0.20647723972797394,
-0.13866718113422394,
0.2112051099538803,
-0.12781715393066406,
-0.03776638209819794,
0.4244478642940521,
-0.07655929028987885,
0.16962726414203644,
-0.9083909392356873,
-0.3280404806137085,
-0.4142315089702606,
0.4444580078125,
-0.19178420305252075,
0.4334622919559479,
0.0046063936315476894,
0.1732412427663803,
0.2616718113422394,
-0.02010052092373371,
0.05490171164274216,
-0.15568660199642181,
0.14758770167827606,
-0.22773624956607819,
0.012175926938652992,
0.5622370839118958,
0.06710111349821091,
-0.2594369649887085,
-0.40692609548568726,
-0.2401123046875,
-0.06776310503482819,
0.45904070138931274,
0.16590529680252075,
-0.16060462594032288,
0.2250920832157135,
0.3188101053237915,
0.5844984650611877,
-0.07813732326030731,
0.2540142238140106,
0.5553823709487915,
-0.05221792310476303,
-0.030569039285182953,
0.5530160665512085,
-0.00955058541148901,
0.14208514988422394,
0.5346304178237915,
-0.190673828125,
0.5701059103012085,
-0.026717333123087883,
0.3003986179828644,
0.49419695138931274,
-0.052743177860975266,
0.32920485734939575,
0.20735520124435425,
0.4019869267940521,
-0.13234299421310425,
0.3190988302230835,
-0.20215900242328644,
0.2720102071762085,
0.28048470616340637,
-0.22234021127223969,
-0.32031381130218506,
0.15342360734939575,
-0.08302850276231766,
0.19146259129047394,
-0.5510629415512085,
0.4289644658565521,
0.24284245073795319,
0.25752609968185425,
-0.03382286801934242,
0.12600238621234894,
-0.024814311414957047,
0.22001765668392181,
-0.07438777387142181,
-0.056395310908555984,
0.15489314496517181,
-0.03634584695100784,
-0.1546865552663803,
0.41624099016189575,
0.1768672615289688,
-0.16100722551345825,
-0.08184814453125,
-0.38485953211784363,
-0.007526984438300133,
2.112379789352417,
0.24334247410297394,
2.257887601852417,
0.15637794137001038,
0.24432137608528137,
0.2867807149887085,
-0.25789114832878113,
0.11699463427066803,
0.02422626130282879,
-0.011665930971503258,
0.04350750148296356,
-0.46975472569465637,
-0.3832632303237915,
0.19175837934017181,
-0.2796865701675415,
-0.05475029721856117,
0.44814828038215637,
-0.8761080503463745,
-0.45982009172439575,
-0.11879554390907288,
0.2860201299190521,
0.26591962575912476,
-0.03312448412179947,
0.17160972952842712,
-0.010235126130282879,
-0.11747623980045319,
0.15282733738422394,
-0.2342904955148697,
-0.20797494053840637,
-0.14705364406108856,
-0.20723548531532288,
-0.3834134638309479,
0.13166221976280212,
0.15926536917686462,
-0.026891855522990227,
0.18889442086219788,
0.02794118970632553,
4.625,
0.27675101161003113,
0.2827242314815521,
-0.14185157418251038,
0.3544921875,
0.16191452741622925,
0.45122820138931274,
0.11564518511295319,
0.3127816915512085,
0.24751164019107819,
0.4762808084487915,
0.25537580251693726,
-0.05240616574883461,
0.008209521882236004,
0.20967337489128113,
0.15938803553581238,
0.2291341871023178,
0.1509857177734375,
-0.03655536472797394,
-0.25807541608810425,
0.520676851272583,
-0.24228140711784363,
-0.29465895891189575,
-0.22860482335090637,
0.14246486127376556,
0.21698643267154694,
0.06732705980539322,
-0.010199620388448238,
0.013519287109375,
0.12390606105327606,
0.29387956857681274,
5.439603328704834,
0.15847542881965637,
-0.09031090140342712,
0.20266959071159363,
-0.19047194719314575,
0.25295785069465637,
-0.41038161516189575,
-0.3002155125141144,
-0.061854876577854156,
-0.031207744032144547,
-0.10469979792833328,
0.6734524965286255,
-0.08759601414203644,
0.5549973845481873,
0.31631234288215637,
0.05677208676934242,
-0.0928080603480339,
-0.019035926088690758,
0.11988243460655212,
-0.024801988154649734,
0.6424654722213745,
0.0911407470703125,
0.07252737134695053,
-0.8180213570594788,
-0.04580923169851303,
-0.04457914084196091,
-0.11673677712678909,
0.18523582816123962,
-0.07198803126811981,
0.13509193062782288,
0.3388671875,
0.6587289571762085,
0.45321890711784363,
0.4292367696762085,
-0.09632169455289841,
0.33258527517318726,
0.4581392705440521,
0.10688312351703644,
-0.15125450491905212,
-0.025734612718224525,
0.15245173871517181,
-0.012006906792521477,
-0.06949468702077866,
0.24165226519107819,
-0.11495032906532288,
-0.3697415888309479,
0.03991405665874481,
0.10056833177804947,
0.05754558742046356,
0.22933724522590637,
-0.13520225882530212,
-0.06807723641395569,
1.0254281759262085,
-0.13491939008235931,
0.6131685972213745,
0.2812406122684479,
-0.00559234619140625,
-0.026596656069159508,
0.3791597783565521,
-0.18973834812641144,
0.32741135358810425,
0.2956449091434479,
-0.04636705666780472,
0.6763821840286255,
0.44431716203689575,
0.038766127079725266,
0.5175593495368958,
0.01906057447195053,
0.5548001527786255,
-0.11606304347515106,
-0.26821663975715637,
-0.19576674699783325,
-0.030267568305134773,
-0.3345797657966614,
-0.18134014308452606,
0.15476402640342712,
0.4047476053237915,
-0.09273334592580795,
0.18569710850715637,
0.33732253313064575,
-0.23474590480327606,
-0.3436654806137085,
-0.6790114045143127,
0.13409937918186188,
-0.026275048032402992,
0.3592998683452606,
-0.17147240042686462,
-0.2862454950809479,
0.26107552647590637,
0.17537161707878113,
0.17215493321418762,
-0.4366361200809479,
-0.11462167650461197,
0.33286577463150024,
0.08971698582172394,
-0.14634822309017181,
0.44716233015060425,
0.03263033181428909,
-0.16146615147590637,
-0.03742167726159096,
0.18283316493034363,
0.5514010190963745,
0.30234938859939575,
-0.41799691319465637,
0.2310415357351303,
-0.10427034646272659,
0.24354670941829681,
0.2129281908273697,
-0.21845421195030212,
0.23508864641189575,
0.17813345789909363,
0.11492538452148438,
-0.016443105414509773,
0.014222071506083012,
-0.08100187033414841
] |
143 | When was the Institutional Revolutionary Party established in Mexico? | [
{
"docid": "88382#13",
"text": "Cárdenas's successor Manuel Ávila Camacho gave the party its present name in 1946. The party, under its three different names, held every political position until 1946 when the PAN started winning posts for municipal president and federal deputies and senators, starting in 1946, after the party changed its name to its current name, the Institutional Revolutionary Party. By then, the party had acquired a reputation for corruption, and while this was admitted (to a degree) by some of its affiliates, its supporters maintained that the role of the party was crucial in the modernization and stabilization of Mexico.",
"title": "Institutional Revolutionary Party"
},
{
"docid": "145401#120",
"text": "The PRI, or Institutional Revolutionary Party is one of the major lasting legacies of the Mexican Revolution; its first iteration was the Partido Nacional Revolucionario founded in 1929 under Northern revolutionary general and president of Mexico (1924–1928) Plutarco Elías Calles, following the assassination of president-elect (and former president) Álvaro Obregón in 1928. The establishment of the party created an enduring structure that managed not only presidential succession but also groups with competing interests. Initially, Calles remained the power behind the presidency during a period known as the Maximato, but his hand-picked presidential candidate, Lázaro Cárdenas, won a power struggle with Calles, expelling him from the country. Cárdenas reorganized the party that Calles founded, creating formal sectors for interest groups, including one for the Mexican military. The reorganized party was named Party of the Mexican Revolution. In 1946, the party again changed its name to the Institutional Revolutionary Party. The party under its various names held the presidency uninterruptedly from 1929 to 2000, and again from 2012 to 2018 under President Enrique Peña Nieto.",
"title": "Mexican Revolution"
},
{
"docid": "88382#0",
"text": "The Institutional Revolutionary Party (, PRI) is a Mexican political party founded in 1929 that held uninterrupted power in the country for 71 years from 1929 to 2000, first as the National Revolutionary Party (, PNR), then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (, PRM), and finally renaming itself as the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1946.",
"title": "Institutional Revolutionary Party"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "21931632#27",
"text": "In late 1969 a close associate of Torrijos announced the formation of the New Panama Movement. This movement was originally intended to organize peasants, workers, and other social groups and was patterned after that of Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party. No organizational structure was established, however, and by 1971 the idea had been abandoned. The government party was revived under a different name, the Democratic Revolutionary Party (\"Partido Revolucionario Democrático\", PRD) in the late 1970s.",
"title": "History of Panama (1964–77)"
},
{
"docid": "20598622#0",
"text": "The Progressive Constitutionalist Party () was a liberal political party in Mexico. The party was founded by Francisco I. Madero in 1910. The party supported Madero, and later General Venustiano Carranza. In 1929 the PCP merged into the National Revolutionary Party now known as the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).",
"title": "Progressive Constitutionalist Party (Mexico)"
},
{
"docid": "2630972#59",
"text": "The centrist Mexican political party Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: \"Partido Revolucionario Institucional,\" PRI\")\" has in the past employed clientelistic tactics, similar to those found in Japan. During the party's rule of Mexico from 1929 to 2000, the party established a network of local civil and political organisations which were loyal to the party. Through this, political powers and benefits, and state resources were predominantly directed to regions in which the party had large support bases.",
"title": "Koenkai"
},
{
"docid": "88382#9",
"text": "Even though the armed phase of the Mexican Revolution had ended in 1920, Mexico continued to encounter political unrest. A grave political crisis caused by the 1928 assassination of president-elect Álvaro Obregón led to the founding in 1929 of the National Revolutionary Party (, PNR) by Plutarco Elías Calles, Mexico's president from 1924 to 1928.",
"title": "Institutional Revolutionary Party"
},
{
"docid": "88382#1",
"text": "The National Revolutionary Party was founded in 1929 by Plutarco Elías Calles, Mexico's paramount leader at the time and self-proclaimed \"\"Jefe Máximo\"\" (Supreme Chief) of the Mexican Revolution. The party was created with the intent of providing a political space in which all the surviving leaders and combatants of the Mexican Revolution could participate, and to solve the grave political crisis caused by the assassination of president-elect Álvaro Obregón in 1928. Although Calles himself fell into political disgrace and was exiled in 1936, the party continued ruling Mexico until 2000, changing names twice until it became the Institutional Revolutionary Party.\nThroughout its nine-decade existence, the PRI has adopted a very wide array of ideologies (often determined by the President of the Republic in turn). In the 1980s, the party went through reforms that shaped its current incarnation, with policies characterized as centre-right, such as the privatization of State-run companies, closer relations with the Catholic church, and embracing free-market capitalism. At the same time, the left-wing members of the party abandoned the PRI and founded the Party of the Democratic Revolution (\"Partido de la Revolución Democrática\", PRD) in 1989.",
"title": "Institutional Revolutionary Party"
},
{
"docid": "3630155#2",
"text": "From their base in the 1968 student movement, the PRT grew quickly, soon gaining bases of support among some telephone, electrical, nuclear, and hospital workers. By the 1980s, it was the largest far-left party to challenge the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In 1981, the federal government recognized the PRT as an official nationwide party. In the 1982 general elections, it was also the first Mexican party to raise gay rights as a campaign issue; the party fielded several openly gay candidates for the Chamber of Deputies. It also entered informal alliances with the other main party on the far left, the United Socialist Party of Mexico (PSUM).",
"title": "Workers' Revolutionary Party (Mexico)"
},
{
"docid": "47537828#8",
"text": "The National Revolutionary Party, predecessor to the Institutional Revolutionary Party, launched station XEFO (originally known as \"XE-PNR\") 940 kHz in Mexico City on January 1, 1931. The station served as a method of disseminating party ideology and propaganda and was the primary news and propaganda source for the party during the 1934 presidential elections that brought Lázaro Cárdenas into power. The station was sold in 1941 and was succeeded by two separate outlets: XEQR on 1030, owned by Francisco Aguirre Jiménez, and XERCN 1110, owned by Rafael Cutberto Navarro and his Radio Cadena Nacional.",
"title": "Radio in Mexico"
},
{
"docid": "32684286#1",
"text": "The National Revolutionary Party, founded in 1928 by Mexico's most powerful leader at the time, Plutarco Elías Calles, made its debut in these elections. The 1929 elections marked the beginning of 71 uninterrupted years of rule by that party, which was later renamed Party of the Mexican Revolution in 1938 and finally, Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1946. No opposition party would win a Presidential election until the 2000 elections.",
"title": "1929 Mexican general election"
},
{
"docid": "88382#12",
"text": "In 1938, Cárdenas reorganized the party as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (Spanish: \"Partido de la Revolución Mexicana\", PRM) whose aim was to establish a democracy of workers and socialism. However, this was never achieved and his main intention was to create the broad-based political alliances necessary for the PRI's long-term survival, splitting the party into mass organizations representing different interest groups and acting as the political consciousness of the country in a more realistic level (for example, the \"Confidential National\", the farmer's group). His strategy with the party mirrored the balanced ticket approach of 1930s Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak, characteristic of Chicago by balancing ethnic interests. Settling disputes and power struggles within the party structure helped prevent congressional gridlock and possible armed rebellions, but this style of dispute resolution also created a \"rubber stamp\" legislative apparatus.",
"title": "Institutional Revolutionary Party"
}
] | [
0.2940814793109894,
0.059337910264730453,
-0.6628230214118958,
0.3341533839702606,
-0.31642502546310425,
-0.4757549464702606,
0.5526780486106873,
-0.26244881749153137,
0.3681875467300415,
0.2977388799190521,
-0.39020246267318726,
-0.28001755475997925,
-0.5410813689231873,
0.21611140668392181,
-0.4453876316547394,
0.0006848849006928504,
0.8891977071762085,
-0.2749774754047394,
-0.12599533796310425,
0.39178937673568726,
-0.03661786764860153,
0.4146634638309479,
-0.17504413425922394,
0.2909780740737915,
-0.18310546875,
-0.021286891773343086,
-0.4062124490737915,
0.5997971892356873,
0.098134845495224,
0.267478346824646,
0.34531813859939575,
-0.07129786908626556,
0.24078838527202606,
0.1759878247976303,
-0.3635112941265106,
0.12873782217502594,
0.07785562425851822,
0.23268009722232819,
-0.22701087594032288,
0.2826913595199585,
-0.40548470616340637,
-0.0023643786553293467,
0.31210798025131226,
-0.20770263671875,
0.2322361320257187,
0.09921528398990631,
0.17265084385871887,
-0.23269417881965637,
0.002010638825595379,
0.33435675501823425,
-0.34723371267318726,
0.012831468135118484,
-0.1437765210866928,
0.03880603611469269,
-0.7122896909713745,
0.6388221383094788,
0.1617502123117447,
0.40167236328125,
0.12213193625211716,
-0.27823111414909363,
0.19926100969314575,
0.2001108080148697,
-0.18636028468608856,
0.030954213812947273,
0.24693885445594788,
0.1825937181711197,
0.019077006727457047,
0.2342294603586197,
0.1516042798757553,
0.5028358101844788,
0.13111290335655212,
0.1794891357421875,
0.5422738790512085,
-0.02096850983798504,
-0.10340763628482819,
-0.00045130803482607007,
-0.35067984461784363,
0.4184664189815521,
0.3362285792827606,
0.033921461552381516,
0.13025841116905212,
-0.42373421788215637,
0.4761117696762085,
0.669358491897583,
0.24468524754047394,
0.3283222019672394,
-0.18435904383659363,
-0.04097014293074608,
0.38919302821159363,
0.594895601272583,
-0.3240872919559479,
0.35850173234939575,
0.032970722764730453,
0.10366939008235931,
0.5754582285881042,
-0.07061532884836197,
0.19344154000282288,
-0.6252629160881042,
0.35015398263931274,
-0.23476234078407288,
-0.051662739366292953,
-0.174774169921875,
0.035917870700359344,
0.18062885105609894,
0.21582500636577606,
-0.35061410069465637,
-0.09944035112857819,
0.08137394487857819,
0.253243088722229,
0.4151705205440521,
0.21199153363704681,
-0.36191850900650024,
0.1610177904367447,
-0.24140343070030212,
0.02093740552663803,
0.11788705736398697,
0.3845836818218231,
-0.16361647844314575,
-0.7315579652786255,
-0.6295260190963745,
0.2913067042827606,
0.22710242867469788,
-0.12511032819747925,
0.17086175084114075,
-0.11201946437358856,
0.26715558767318726,
0.42138671875,
-0.29274338483810425,
0.518141508102417,
0.5656550526618958,
-0.47767990827560425,
0.2862924337387085,
0.2688657343387604,
0.8368765115737915,
0.20561115443706512,
-0.2500751316547394,
0.26160138845443726,
-0.009241397492587566,
-0.5627253651618958,
-0.35678336024284363,
-0.5495206117630005,
-0.6868051290512085,
0.2241586595773697,
0.8699293732643127,
0.12616905570030212,
-0.06738515943288803,
0.026968149468302727,
0.29539138078689575,
0.033702556043863297,
-0.33893293142318726,
0.44009634852409363,
0.12128389626741409,
0.24578388035297394,
0.4095552861690521,
0.08746103197336197,
0.4878305196762085,
0.2382473647594452,
-0.11176006495952606,
0.11321815848350525,
-0.05659719556570053,
0.7314453125,
0.22160926461219788,
0.028591156005859375,
-0.25040847063064575,
0.6019381284713745,
-0.21876877546310425,
-0.15449641644954681,
0.43365007638931274,
0.42031624913215637,
-0.1270722597837448,
-0.15582744777202606,
0.05972759425640106,
0.45083382725715637,
0.008530030027031898,
-0.09554584324359894,
0.01745538040995598,
-0.21315589547157288,
-0.11014322191476822,
0.11202621459960938,
-0.0909566879272461,
0.3125399053096771,
-0.13762488961219788,
0.3509896993637085,
0.7317833304405212,
0.5667067170143127,
0.02708963304758072,
-0.2982036769390106,
0.2728201150894165,
-0.34701773524284363,
0.06687868386507034,
-0.21428973972797394,
-0.32539719343185425,
0.3335671126842499,
0.30314987897872925,
-0.06574659794569016,
0.39670035243034363,
0.1418691724538803,
0.38901931047439575,
0.23406513035297394,
0.27309006452560425,
-0.38559043407440186,
-0.3682391941547394,
-0.176695317029953,
0.1745370775461197,
-0.05575326830148697,
-0.3819580078125,
-0.44220441579818726,
0.18675114214420319,
-0.22421500086784363,
-0.42869216203689575,
-0.05590116232633591,
0.1460946947336197,
0.7243464589118958,
0.139881432056427,
-0.28317496180534363,
0.34457632899284363,
0.3005464971065521,
0.37624886631965637,
0.25262099504470825,
0.03133333474397659,
-0.14986713230609894,
0.2728177607059479,
0.06401179730892181,
-0.14635878801345825,
0.4023061990737915,
-0.43158429861068726,
0.07963620871305466,
-0.31834882497787476,
0.05365929380059242,
0.3781362771987915,
0.3017578125,
-0.040289659053087234,
0.22144493460655212,
-0.31133562326431274,
0.4303447902202606,
0.34502702951431274,
0.3911884129047394,
-0.3835073709487915,
0.2960909307003021,
0.05485212057828903,
0.24760554730892181,
-0.2691650390625,
-0.20530113577842712,
0.08338801562786102,
0.4193209111690521,
0.06333189457654953,
0.41341692209243774,
0.1510244458913803,
-0.33749625086784363,
-0.002761987503618002,
0.14909245073795319,
0.18593890964984894,
0.09883235394954681,
0.18694598972797394,
-0.3376981317996979,
0.25873273611068726,
0.3003023564815521,
-0.24806448817253113,
-0.3359468877315521,
0.20281043648719788,
0.4059213399887085,
0.06678419560194016,
0.08585239946842194,
0.4563363790512085,
0.16377022862434387,
0.318756103515625,
0.36191031336784363,
0.3777982294559479,
0.042539313435554504,
0.024262061342597008,
0.33268120884895325,
-0.05915128439664841,
-0.10344050824642181,
-0.1355966478586197,
-0.11549964547157288,
-0.2913442850112915,
0.09991924464702606,
0.48514968156814575,
-0.16103187203407288,
0.09203397482633591,
0.2551363408565521,
-0.28641217947006226,
-0.03521716594696045,
0.5940880179405212,
0.10684908181428909,
0.07825645804405212,
-0.48988693952560425,
-0.12676025927066803,
-0.06171241030097008,
0.06184563413262367,
-0.15571124851703644,
0.4092172384262085,
0.12388845533132553,
-0.24322392046451569,
0.024949880316853523,
-0.08169320970773697,
0.7708458304405212,
-0.45632699131965637,
0.2233552187681198,
-0.4839242696762085,
0.284335196018219,
-0.5451847910881042,
0.02406597137451172,
0.6616398692131042,
0.21228496730327606,
-0.3149789571762085,
-0.30325081944465637,
-0.03207463398575783,
-0.10540653765201569,
0.1397705078125,
0.15692138671875,
-0.48484450578689575,
-0.15129676461219788,
0.3782865107059479,
0.48334211111068726,
0.7186279296875,
-0.037165567278862,
-0.33176833391189575,
0.19213397800922394,
0.03444759547710419,
0.02799518220126629,
0.33583420515060425,
-0.35012581944465637,
-0.07863147556781769,
0.1758352369070053,
-0.6076977252960205,
0.23231858015060425,
-0.3119647800922394,
0.4375399053096771,
0.31314557790756226,
0.797682523727417,
0.14095599949359894,
-0.03889685496687889,
-0.3038846552371979,
-0.0702015832066536,
0.19617637991905212,
-0.19412583112716675,
0.5421717762947083,
-0.03843395411968231,
-0.15005610883235931,
-0.5283390879631042,
-0.3655911982059479,
-0.05429136008024216,
0.22623854875564575,
0.38787370920181274,
-0.05232473462820053,
0.36459115147590637,
0.4246074855327606,
0.05312875658273697,
-0.12999080121517181,
0.025483351200819016,
0.5635328888893127,
-0.26369065046310425,
0.28079986572265625,
0.36520621180534363,
0.06294059753417969,
0.14274479448795319,
0.6666917204856873,
0.2817852199077606,
-0.1705697923898697,
0.2128671556711197,
0.4044095575809479,
0.25946515798568726,
0.1636117845773697,
0.6974158883094788,
0.42807242274284363,
-0.22694748640060425,
-0.04694942384958267,
-0.14609938859939575,
0.4424579441547394,
0.871690034866333,
-0.08003000169992447,
0.12285789847373962,
-0.11925565451383591,
-0.47226187586784363,
-0.10505793988704681,
-0.15562790632247925,
0.28773969411849976,
0.5399451851844788,
-0.034961994737386703,
0.3988130986690521,
0.5310621857643127,
0.31787109375,
-0.4638671875,
-0.520263671875,
-0.22773860394954681,
-0.14046066999435425,
0.0016485360683873296,
-0.167724609375,
-0.059475239366292953,
-0.07122802734375,
-0.14971645176410675,
0.27842360734939575,
0.008243267424404621,
-0.31781476736068726,
-0.18800471723079681,
-0.17017658054828644,
0.466064453125,
0.18308669328689575,
-0.23535273969173431,
-0.10733736306428909,
0.23280921578407288,
0.537428617477417,
0.37135666608810425,
4.303335189819336,
0.08648622781038284,
0.5708195567131042,
0.290283203125,
-0.4059213399887085,
-0.11877265572547913,
0.23787982761859894,
-0.1937255859375,
0.14195369184017181,
-0.032311953604221344,
-0.184814453125,
0.1458822339773178,
-0.15675236284732819,
-0.10400214791297913,
0.07164324074983597,
0.40399640798568726,
0.56884765625,
-0.05308055877685547,
0.35781624913215637,
0.16606022417545319,
-0.08021192997694016,
0.3682503402233124,
0.19053767621517181,
0.12045522779226303,
0.6620718240737915,
0.08532113581895828,
0.04608205705881119,
0.38783499598503113,
0.47555306553840637,
0.15014120936393738,
0.40181320905685425,
-0.24594351649284363,
0.007548405788838863,
-0.2620098292827606,
-0.9228515625,
0.27764421701431274,
0.15067452192306519,
0.12684044241905212,
-0.05352284386754036,
0.003872064407914877,
-0.16987140476703644,
-0.21211124956607819,
0.20334801077842712,
0.580078125,
0.03713035583496094,
-0.34584397077560425,
0.2467275708913803,
0.6032151579856873,
0.24917837977409363,
0.005897081922739744,
0.3851299285888672,
-0.49765250086784363,
-0.16014157235622406,
0.010531499050557613,
0.11841993778944016,
0.4468900263309479,
-0.021818894892930984,
0.5052584409713745,
0.14651019871234894,
0.3640512228012085,
0.44427019357681274,
-0.17914287745952606,
0.29899245500564575,
-0.12655875086784363,
-0.19786189496517181,
-0.10353000462055206,
-0.01171746663749218,
0.3966275751590729,
0.340576171875,
0.31787109375,
0.24083064496517181,
0.3075326681137085,
-0.055428724735975266,
-0.26572829484939575,
-0.15944260358810425,
-0.1306070238351822,
-0.42489859461784363,
-0.18767841160297394,
-0.044117268174886703,
0.11220491677522659,
0.05686363950371742,
0.30649977922439575,
0.011832677759230137,
0.4613130986690521,
-0.05991539731621742,
0.5339167714118958,
0.1858353316783905,
-0.12817500531673431,
0.44501203298568726,
0.20437857508659363,
0.2761699855327606,
0.09097026288509369,
0.33014386892318726,
-0.006830655504018068,
0.3387826681137085,
0.03441883996129036,
-0.5150240659713745,
-3.920522928237915,
0.09733112156391144,
0.17117074131965637,
-0.22418212890625,
-0.011284580454230309,
0.05114922299981117,
-0.08284198492765427,
0.2285531908273697,
-0.175872802734375,
0.08376077562570572,
-0.01477799005806446,
0.005032612942159176,
-0.30910080671310425,
0.272025465965271,
0.1930307298898697,
0.24734261631965637,
0.10495464503765106,
0.2954618036746979,
0.309326171875,
-0.21251502633094788,
0.1576867401599884,
0.015467863529920578,
0.319580078125,
-0.2746288478374481,
0.07340709865093231,
0.3144437372684479,
0.25855782628059387,
-0.289306640625,
-0.05801978334784508,
-0.05268067494034767,
0.38921648263931274,
0.3820659816265106,
0.15856698155403137,
-0.19048602879047394,
0.2655498683452606,
0.31161734461784363,
0.11172250658273697,
0.2825552225112915,
0.535888671875,
0.564622163772583,
0.04453746974468231,
0.1735769361257553,
0.11072833836078644,
0.6258262991905212,
0.333740234375,
0.32677915692329407,
-0.06182039529085159,
0.2603853642940521,
-0.42877197265625,
-0.16188400983810425,
0.3564453125,
0.39812761545181274,
-0.09260530024766922,
0.019997229799628258,
0.4454439580440521,
0.131744384765625,
-0.13061287999153137,
0.28598257899284363,
0.2727144658565521,
0.2564227879047394,
0.13279137015342712,
-0.5225735902786255,
0.27923113107681274,
0.31465500593185425,
0.1885044425725937,
-0.506422758102417,
0.2525869607925415,
0.05389932543039322,
0.2407297044992447,
-0.6019944548606873,
0.14872977137565613,
0.11932842433452606,
0.21649639308452606,
-0.4497445821762085,
0.29876238107681274,
-0.17257925868034363,
-0.17706768214702606,
0.007396991364657879,
0.4785907566547394,
0.26924368739128113,
-0.03216017037630081,
0.3123268783092499,
-0.3141620457172394,
0.17180457711219788,
2.009390115737915,
0.37255859375,
2.097581148147583,
0.43686148524284363,
-0.15821956098079681,
-0.06537921726703644,
0.10694650560617447,
0.01501215435564518,
0.1939615160226822,
0.06288792192935944,
-0.2721698582172394,
0.07992231100797653,
-0.17297598719596863,
0.10236036032438278,
-0.4032827615737915,
-0.2041391283273697,
0.2779447138309479,
-1.0580679178237915,
0.24479733407497406,
-0.41890305280685425,
0.20363205671310425,
-0.2735971212387085,
-0.19804500043392181,
0.679443359375,
0.23682814836502075,
-0.3556659519672394,
0.097463458776474,
-0.11779902875423431,
0.10089610517024994,
-0.06207862123847008,
-0.2962270975112915,
-0.07050968706607819,
0.072296142578125,
-0.13288527727127075,
0.05167917162179947,
0.779860258102417,
0.05801360309123993,
4.586237907409668,
0.553879976272583,
-0.02463560923933983,
0.10911677777767181,
0.4443734884262085,
0.579270601272583,
0.4814453125,
0.16944415867328644,
0.12847019731998444,
0.006589449476450682,
-0.03739400953054428,
0.22705166041851044,
0.07607797533273697,
-0.20548424124717712,
0.525634765625,
0.4051278829574585,
0.49924880266189575,
0.0007488544215448201,
0.20151931047439575,
0.027606669813394547,
0.2892315089702606,
0.31064897775650024,
0.059988755732774734,
-0.23894089460372925,
-0.17454880475997925,
0.2781278192996979,
-0.13012813031673431,
-0.18590545654296875,
-0.029355488717556,
0.1750335693359375,
-0.09681760519742966,
5.411959171295166,
0.2017282396554947,
-0.13422951102256775,
0.04646990820765495,
-0.2572866678237915,
0.09887577593326569,
-0.13278228044509888,
0.28548958897590637,
0.25006574392318726,
0.03861772269010544,
-0.23236553370952606,
0.4154287576675415,
-0.01825479418039322,
0.6213754415512085,
0.5054086446762085,
0.30633544921875,
-0.33319562673568726,
0.08562293648719788,
0.21064640581607819,
-0.10176321119070053,
0.8947566151618958,
-0.3243478536605835,
-0.10584787279367447,
-0.30728384852409363,
-0.42066603899002075,
0.4482421875,
-0.29367300868034363,
-0.35516828298568726,
0.3346698582172394,
0.31979605555534363,
0.7938326597213745,
0.7637845277786255,
-0.029853234067559242,
0.22040264308452606,
-0.11368971318006516,
0.04549099877476692,
0.05154448375105858,
-0.23683753609657288,
0.41871994733810425,
-0.28857657313346863,
0.16668929159641266,
0.25311750173568726,
0.25082603096961975,
0.28418204188346863,
-0.04208315163850784,
0.00013263408618513495,
-0.12253394722938538,
-0.11472965776920319,
0.2739633321762085,
0.18067345023155212,
0.062071580439805984,
-0.021237006410956383,
0.7314077615737915,
0.512160062789917,
0.30244797468185425,
0.3057861328125,
-0.43515250086784363,
-0.2952211797237396,
-0.2351449877023697,
0.017643269151449203,
0.7312199473381042,
0.0809873417019844,
-0.21011587977409363,
0.3360689580440521,
0.5456730723381042,
-0.21493765711784363,
0.24620994925498962,
-0.21670296788215637,
0.6705604195594788,
-0.10630094259977341,
-0.2432485669851303,
0.3936767578125,
0.374267578125,
0.30618521571159363,
0.11580364406108856,
-0.0010111882584169507,
0.3594219386577606,
-0.08882316946983337,
-0.28333693742752075,
0.019357534125447273,
-0.10229448229074478,
-0.3955453634262085,
-0.3675161600112915,
0.01432079542428255,
-0.20585280656814575,
-0.18774883449077606,
-0.024781446903944016,
0.14514395594596863,
0.5708383321762085,
0.07390888035297394,
0.1701894849538803,
-0.6810396909713745,
-0.47650617361068726,
0.8375149965286255,
0.5470675230026245,
-0.13089516758918762,
0.22887244820594788,
0.10591360181570053,
0.10342340916395187,
-0.28948503732681274,
-0.34615853428840637,
0.3524076044559479,
0.15125919878482819,
-0.17394080758094788,
0.23775070905685425,
-0.274971604347229,
0.05074310302734375,
0.11287043988704681,
0.24919186532497406,
0.172149658203125,
0.3463979959487915,
0.38588303327560425,
0.27170974016189575,
-0.1690395027399063,
-0.10129957646131516
] |
147 | When was the Royal Observer Corps established? | [
{
"docid": "20367280#0",
"text": "The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was a civil defence organisation operating in the United Kingdom between October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down. (ROC headquarters staff at RAF Bentley Priory stood down on 31 March 1996). Composed mainly of civilian spare-time volunteers, ROC personnel wore a Royal Air Force (RAF) style uniform and latterly came under the administrative control of RAF Strike Command and the operational control of the Home Office. Civilian volunteers were trained and administered by a small cadre of professional full-time officers under the command of the Commandant Royal Observer Corps; a serving RAF Air Commodore.",
"title": "Operational instruments of the Royal Observer Corps"
},
{
"docid": "2166955#0",
"text": "The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was a civil defence organisation intended for the visual detection, identification, tracking and reporting of aircraft over Great Britain. It operated in the United Kingdom between 29 October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down. (ROC headquarters staff at RAF Bentley Priory stood down on 31 March 1996). Composed mainly of civilian spare-time volunteers, ROC personnel wore a Royal Air Force (RAF) style uniform and latterly came under the administrative control of RAF Strike Command and the operational control of the Home Office. Civilian volunteers were trained and administered by a small cadre of professional full-time officers under the command of the Commandant Royal Observer Corps; latterly a serving RAF Air Commodore.",
"title": "Royal Observer Corps"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "17543514#0",
"text": "The Royal Observer Corps Medal is a long service medal awarded in the United Kingdom to members of the Royal Observer Corps (ROC) relating to service between 1941 and December 1995, when the ROC was stood down. The medal was initiated in 1950 by HM King George Vl.",
"title": "Royal Observer Corps Medal"
},
{
"docid": "12749336#0",
"text": "The Volunteer Air Observers Corps (VAOC) was an Australian air defence organisation of World War II. The VAOC was formed on 31 December 1941 to support the Royal Australian Air Force by sighting and observing aircraft over Australia. The VAOC swiftly established observation posts across Australia and provided information to the RAAF's regional air control posts. As the threat to Australia declined the VAOC's role was expanded to include coast watching, assisting air traffic control and weather reporting. The VAOC was staffed by civilian volunteers and reached a peak strength of 24,000 personnel and 2,656 observation posts in 1944. After the end of the war the VAOC was reduced to a cadre in December 1945 and was disbanded on 10 April 1946. The VAOC was similar to the British Royal Observer Corps.",
"title": "Volunteer Air Observers Corps (Australia)"
},
{
"docid": "233670#29",
"text": "The Royal Flying Corps Canada was established by the RFC in 1917 to train aircrew in Canada. Air Stations were established in southern Ontario at the following locations:The RFC was also responsible for the manning and operation of observation balloons on the Western front. When the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) arrived in France in August 1914, it had no observation balloons and it was not until April 1915 that the first balloon company was on strength, albeit on loan from the French Aérostiers. The first British unit arrived 8 May 1915, and commenced operations during the Battle of Aubers Ridge. Operations from balloons thereafter continued throughout the war. Highly hazardous in operation, a balloon could only be expected to last a fortnight before damage or destruction. Results were also highly dependent on the expertise of the observer and was subject to the weather conditions.\nTo keep the balloon out of the range of artillery fire, it was necessary to locate the balloons some distance away from the front line or area of military operations. However, the stable platform offered by a kite-balloon made it more suitable for the cameras of the day than an aircraft.",
"title": "Royal Flying Corps"
},
{
"docid": "2166955#98",
"text": "In 1986 the Royal Observer Corps Association (ROCA) was established with membership open to members of the ROC to provide close and continuing links between former ROC members. The association is organised on a regional basis with representation in each of the twenty five groups. Each group produces and distributes a magazine several times a year to keep the membership informed of developments and both local or national news.",
"title": "Royal Observer Corps"
},
{
"docid": "19635516#0",
"text": "The Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps (CROC) was the Royal Air Force commander of the Royal Observer Corps. All the holders of the post were RAF officers in the rank of Air Commodore, initially retired reserve officers then Auxiliary officers and, since the end of World War II, serving officers. The ROC was a uniformed civilian branch initially under the control of the Air Defence of Great Britain organization, then Fighter Command and latterly Strike Command. The Royal Observer Corps existed from 1925 until it was stood down in 1995. Most of the commandants, with only three exceptions, were qualified RAF pilots, two being air navigators and the other a General Duties (Ground) Supply Branch officer. If a Royal Observer Corps officer had ever held the appointment, they would have held the rank of \"Observer Commodore\".",
"title": "Commandant Royal Observer Corps"
},
{
"docid": "2166955#10",
"text": "In 1929 the control of the Observer Corps passed from the county police forces to the Air Ministry, although Chief Constables retained responsibility for personnel and recruitment matters. 1 March 1929 saw the establishment of the new \"Headquarters of the Observer Corps\" at Hillingdon House, RAF Uxbridge in the west of London, and Air Commodore Edward A D Masterman CB CMG CBE AFC RAF (Rtd) was appointed as the first commandant of the Observer Corps. \"Air Cdre\" Masterman held this appointment until his retirement on 1 March 1936, and was succeeded by Air Commodore Alfred Warrington-Morris CG CMG OBE AFC RAF (Rtd), who would lead the Observer Corps through the critical period during the Second World War which saw the RAF emerge bruised but victorious following the Battle of Britain of 1940.",
"title": "Royal Observer Corps"
},
{
"docid": "17970324#7",
"text": "In 1934 on leaving the Royal Air Force he was employed as the Deputy Commandant of the Observer Corps under Air Commodore Edward Masterman CB CBE AFC RAF (Rtd) at RAF Uxbridge. Between 1935 and 1936 he was appointed Commandant of Southern Area of the Observer Corps during the massive and crucial expansion and development of the Corps during the inter war years.\nWhen Air Commodore Masterman stood down as Commandant ROC in April 1936 Warrington-Morris replaced him and took control of the Observer Corps during the important period immediately prior to the Second World War. He oversaw the move of HQ Observer Corps to RAF Bentley Priory and the Corps' adoption by RAF Fighter Command. He also controlled the Corps during the memorable events of the Battle of Britain and was still at the helm when the Observer Corps was granted the title \"Royal\" to become the Royal Observer Corps and became a uniformed branch of the RAF. He was Mentioned in Despatches in July 1940.",
"title": "Alfred Warrington-Morris"
},
{
"docid": "17543514#7",
"text": "In July 1961 the Commandant ROC Air Commodore Wight-Boycott presented a Royal Observer Corps Medal to the Battle of Britain Class locomotive no.34050 \"Royal Observer Corps\", which had commenced service with the Southern Railway company in December 1946; the ceremony taking place at Waterloo station. The medal was mounted in a glass fronted cabinet in the driver's cab and the locomotive's side was repainted with a representation of the medal and its ribbon. These were displayed until the engine was retired from service and scrapped in the late 1960s. However, the original nameplate and front badge were recovered and displayed in the entrance hall of RAF Bentley Priory, (HQ ROC), until 1996 when they were transferred to the RAF Museum, Hendon.",
"title": "Royal Observer Corps Medal"
}
] | [
0.3460937440395355,
-0.17826691269874573,
-0.35145264863967896,
0.2757568359375,
-0.2825683653354645,
0.15833473205566406,
0.18805237114429474,
-0.31745606660842896,
-0.11493530124425888,
0.4950195252895355,
-0.1093597412109375,
-0.17455443739891052,
-0.5426269769668579,
-0.192657470703125,
-0.7666991949081421,
-0.19164428114891052,
0.43586426973342896,
0.03416747972369194,
0.06575164943933487,
0.13491591811180115,
0.0567474365234375,
0.637988269329071,
0.0027420043479651213,
0.007243347354233265,
0.18637695908546448,
0.03581256791949272,
0.21951904892921448,
0.39887696504592896,
0.173187255859375,
0.11822357028722763,
0.28834837675094604,
-0.13052673637866974,
0.018468189984560013,
0.2712036073207855,
-0.6204833984375,
0.2955871522426605,
0.2827392518520355,
0.27384644746780396,
0.10870285332202911,
0.5302734375,
-0.03250713273882866,
0.055224038660526276,
0.4869751036167145,
0.11984100192785263,
0.3528198301792145,
0.1501922607421875,
0.2787414491176605,
-0.0737377181649208,
-0.09692077338695526,
0.42487019300460815,
-0.35279542207717896,
-0.11241016536951065,
-0.26610106229782104,
-0.05675353854894638,
-0.237030029296875,
0.48442381620407104,
0.06479568779468536,
0.759204089641571,
-0.21993407607078552,
-0.045474935322999954,
0.33476561307907104,
-0.05869235843420029,
-0.07834625244140625,
0.030191421508789062,
0.6209961175918579,
0.12104187160730362,
-0.039358995854854584,
0.24395751953125,
0.1272575408220291,
0.3443359434604645,
0.01921234093606472,
0.5840820074081421,
0.3438720703125,
0.10867919772863388,
0.03510848432779312,
-0.42045897245407104,
0.09836731106042862,
-0.04559478908777237,
0.0822368636727333,
0.08974456787109375,
0.225616455078125,
-0.4754394590854645,
-0.014247131533920765,
0.22374267876148224,
0.09329452365636826,
0.33918458223342896,
0.03078308142721653,
0.11791381984949112,
0.32615965604782104,
0.541308581829071,
-0.2601074278354645,
0.02088470384478569,
0.1248600035905838,
-0.20156097412109375,
0.14863891899585724,
-0.09252014011144638,
0.21099548041820526,
-0.3066856265068054,
0.17136231064796448,
-0.4772628843784332,
0.14213256537914276,
-0.31048583984375,
-0.30415040254592896,
0.5338134765625,
0.08122024685144424,
-0.524169921875,
-0.3351074159145355,
-0.17635484039783478,
0.4767089784145355,
0.43867188692092896,
0.04552154615521431,
-0.27971190214157104,
-0.1242218017578125,
-0.07969360053539276,
0.2748351991176605,
0.217193603515625,
0.36805421113967896,
0.0008220672607421875,
-0.279470831155777,
-0.9869140386581421,
0.3192993104457855,
0.15682372450828552,
-0.2736450135707855,
0.146983340382576,
-0.4089721739292145,
-0.635693371295929,
0.4718017578125,
0.17064209282398224,
0.5155029296875,
0.749755859375,
-0.2661193907260895,
0.4843505918979645,
-0.071294404566288,
0.5545409917831421,
0.3409179747104645,
0.1656951904296875,
0.43693846464157104,
-0.13321228325366974,
-0.118682861328125,
-0.48015135526657104,
-0.3804687559604645,
0.13549499213695526,
-0.20643310248851776,
0.661694347858429,
-0.4614501893520355,
0.22373047471046448,
-0.02406597137451172,
0.2911376953125,
0.011891936883330345,
0.31867676973342896,
0.562915027141571,
0.605908215045929,
-0.22694091498851776,
0.21068115532398224,
0.19915771484375,
0.38120728731155396,
0.5207008123397827,
0.21569213271141052,
0.41505128145217896,
0.038829803466796875,
0.617138683795929,
0.2686828672885895,
0.4576660096645355,
0.11310882866382599,
0.10396671295166016,
0.13619498908519745,
-0.170562744140625,
0.311187744140625,
0.6070312261581421,
-0.19156798720359802,
0.06464843451976776,
0.29893797636032104,
0.3942016661167145,
-0.19447021186351776,
0.023033905774354935,
0.12446899712085724,
-0.34534913301467896,
0.02020874060690403,
0.4524169862270355,
-0.28516846895217896,
0.12416382133960724,
0.0936279296875,
0.02649841271340847,
0.40178221464157104,
0.632519543170929,
-0.0062850951217114925,
0.11259765923023224,
-0.07691498100757599,
-0.21224364638328552,
0.23215922713279724,
0.3550170958042145,
-0.3184753358364105,
0.4628845155239105,
0.0839514285326004,
-0.17671546339988708,
0.9483398199081421,
0.3978637754917145,
0.12186279147863388,
0.03250465542078018,
0.40959471464157104,
0.04431953281164169,
0.009478378109633923,
-0.5190674066543579,
0.15624694526195526,
0.4820556640625,
-0.4689697325229645,
-0.11220665276050568,
0.561938464641571,
-0.21584777534008026,
-0.3897033631801605,
0.05490722507238388,
0.035137128084897995,
0.09868164360523224,
0.644970715045929,
0.012537384405732155,
-0.036441802978515625,
-0.15490111708641052,
0.0017005919944494963,
0.2638389468193054,
0.00002136230432370212,
-0.17813721299171448,
0.37431639432907104,
-0.28557127714157104,
0.2516334652900696,
0.350830078125,
-0.256063848733902,
-0.05925483629107475,
-0.481689453125,
0.167724609375,
0.4509521424770355,
-0.08537368476390839,
0.232310488820076,
0.07687930762767792,
-0.31150513887405396,
0.3282836973667145,
0.0687461867928505,
0.49543458223342896,
-0.18701171875,
0.10045318305492401,
-0.013753509148955345,
0.20466308295726776,
0.16259154677391052,
-0.27183836698532104,
0.005410528276115656,
0.20280762016773224,
-0.25249022245407104,
0.747753918170929,
0.1283336579799652,
-0.4525146484375,
-0.21275635063648224,
-0.07468261569738388,
0.07942352443933487,
-0.04310760647058487,
0.42451173067092896,
-0.00898818951100111,
0.20696410536766052,
0.393798828125,
0.258026123046875,
-0.1117374449968338,
0.2613159120082855,
0.214019775390625,
-0.2037452757358551,
0.3203369081020355,
0.4290771484375,
-0.1000518798828125,
0.022816848009824753,
0.28474122285842896,
0.4482177793979645,
0.14900512993335724,
0.26646119356155396,
0.4137222170829773,
-0.822509765625,
0.01600189134478569,
0.07784423977136612,
-0.15122833847999573,
0.09893798828125,
-0.3321777284145355,
-0.13955669105052948,
-0.1194664016366005,
0.4248413145542145,
0.17806091904640198,
-0.08617973327636719,
0.18930664658546448,
0.5138915777206421,
0.44264525175094604,
0.462646484375,
-0.13071899116039276,
-0.25721436738967896,
-0.13501739501953125,
-0.18550415337085724,
0.2729736268520355,
0.3551391661167145,
-0.15594482421875,
-0.027315521612763405,
-0.15065613389015198,
0.4312484860420227,
0.09436492621898651,
-0.19655151665210724,
-0.059247590601444244,
-0.14343146979808807,
0.4186767637729645,
-0.48259276151657104,
0.5663818120956421,
0.510058581829071,
0.05607820302248001,
-0.4140258729457855,
-0.41911619901657104,
0.14756393432617188,
0.05429821088910103,
0.20923614501953125,
0.37947386503219604,
-0.535937488079071,
-0.015940284356474876,
0.0005340576171875,
0.15726928412914276,
0.7142578363418579,
0.18713989853858948,
-0.05338134616613388,
0.1434326171875,
0.0014907836448401213,
0.23625794053077698,
-0.15218201279640198,
-0.49445801973342896,
0.092437744140625,
0.19703979790210724,
-0.44206541776657104,
-0.04969634860754013,
-0.4173583984375,
0.14738769829273224,
0.679272472858429,
0.756549060344696,
0.2386474609375,
-0.06871185451745987,
0.19706420600414276,
-0.05657501146197319,
0.30511474609375,
0.04862403869628906,
0.10010528564453125,
0.2942550778388977,
-0.13425445556640625,
-0.30732423067092896,
0.05538520961999893,
0.2795654237270355,
0.3203125,
-0.14916840195655823,
0.21739502251148224,
-0.30565184354782104,
-0.263864129781723,
0.5947265625,
-0.0018677711486816406,
-0.05853118747472763,
0.3703369200229645,
0.1587882936000824,
-0.07329931110143661,
0.190948486328125,
0.02917785570025444,
0.34329453110694885,
0.08872699737548828,
0.27191162109375,
-0.2682434022426605,
0.22977904975414276,
0.23135986924171448,
-0.08033142238855362,
0.34943848848342896,
0.578295886516571,
0.4453979432582855,
0.15769043564796448,
0.0705108642578125,
-0.22696533799171448,
0.2842346131801605,
-0.02514343336224556,
-0.3158203065395355,
0.07993612438440323,
-0.133311465382576,
0.10280151665210724,
-0.19302979111671448,
-0.04723472520709038,
0.3409057557582855,
0.43940430879592896,
0.27702635526657104,
0.242156982421875,
0.5567871332168579,
0.32976073026657104,
0.04337158054113388,
-0.29263609647750854,
-0.09843292087316513,
0.16459350287914276,
0.11443176120519638,
0.10400696098804474,
-0.08604736626148224,
0.07803039252758026,
-0.276254266500473,
-0.241363525390625,
-0.03915558010339737,
-0.20795898139476776,
-0.0071922303177416325,
-0.27675169706344604,
0.2828369140625,
0.2936157286167145,
0.023184966295957565,
0.07304229587316513,
0.34282225370407104,
0.4540039002895355,
0.67724609375,
4.252539157867432,
-0.08399619907140732,
0.07494163513183594,
-0.04868011549115181,
-0.2939453125,
-0.03820953518152237,
0.3537231385707855,
-0.07276611030101776,
0.061124421656131744,
0.2660766541957855,
-0.46684569120407104,
0.24720458686351776,
0.02184915542602539,
0.45463865995407104,
0.152618408203125,
-0.1550750732421875,
0.199249267578125,
-0.09296798706054688,
0.294219970703125,
0.3544677793979645,
-0.4925781190395355,
0.3123230040073395,
0.3257690370082855,
0.15702438354492188,
0.835498034954071,
-0.056308746337890625,
-0.07024040073156357,
0.2001953125,
0.5680907964706421,
0.19222983717918396,
0.3771728575229645,
-0.13403625786304474,
0.12970885634422302,
0.04010314866900444,
-0.7623046636581421,
0.575122058391571,
0.05167236179113388,
0.12676391005516052,
-0.03565788269042969,
0.15378722548484802,
-0.22585144639015198,
0.3480224609375,
0.8761230707168579,
0.572021484375,
0.3998611569404602,
-0.24302978813648224,
-0.17010268568992615,
0.35931396484375,
0.0042366026900708675,
-0.03504028171300888,
0.28342896699905396,
-0.17343750596046448,
-0.215789794921875,
0.02275543287396431,
0.28138428926467896,
0.510784924030304,
0.05631866306066513,
0.903027355670929,
-0.05717163160443306,
-0.14401550590991974,
0.13479003310203552,
0.16013793647289276,
0.36842042207717896,
0.257049560546875,
-0.17340087890625,
0.06390027701854706,
0.4088134765625,
-0.017928313463926315,
-0.033834077417850494,
0.16022948920726776,
0.4690307676792145,
0.3359741270542145,
-0.11061553657054901,
-0.25090330839157104,
0.237213134765625,
-0.1449127197265625,
-0.00894012488424778,
-0.20466002821922302,
0.39948731660842896,
0.2939514219760895,
0.0028350830543786287,
-0.31885987520217896,
0.18950195610523224,
0.16033020615577698,
0.017726898193359375,
0.44758301973342896,
0.21965941786766052,
-0.4280639588832855,
0.43464356660842896,
0.22056885063648224,
0.28217774629592896,
0.21857909858226776,
0.10945434868335724,
0.23296813666820526,
0.24271240830421448,
-0.21728515625,
-0.02235260047018528,
-3.9462890625,
0.125518798828125,
0.04822998121380806,
-0.21718139946460724,
0.20710448920726776,
-0.07830162346363068,
0.06664428859949112,
0.05609130859375,
-0.23887939751148224,
0.4756103456020355,
-0.2551818788051605,
-0.11376037448644638,
-0.40568846464157104,
0.43787842988967896,
0.0004936218028888106,
0.05999412387609482,
-0.23639678955078125,
0.16571044921875,
0.2345535308122635,
-0.29815673828125,
-0.15306702256202698,
0.0980915054678917,
0.44453126192092896,
-0.4965576231479645,
-0.20867004990577698,
0.3774169981479645,
0.16543979942798615,
-0.12237701565027237,
-0.26209717988967896,
-0.01146621722728014,
0.07519949972629547,
0.3172241151332855,
0.3531250059604645,
-0.23079833388328552,
0.31171876192092896,
0.5827881097793579,
0.1349227875471115,
0.5905517339706421,
0.3252929747104645,
0.35468751192092896,
0.04610748216509819,
-0.21538695693016052,
-0.0037643432151526213,
0.08522949367761612,
-0.07891082763671875,
0.08294220268726349,
-0.24180908501148224,
0.3944335877895355,
-0.4348510801792145,
0.31465452909469604,
0.15358734130859375,
-0.06931380927562714,
-0.066350556910038,
-0.10115280002355576,
0.2911621034145355,
0.09356689453125,
-0.17078247666358948,
-0.03845519945025444,
0.21190491318702698,
0.3345092833042145,
-0.03736724704504013,
-0.291015625,
0.16758576035499573,
-0.267791748046875,
-0.01081008929759264,
-0.25236815214157104,
0.440185546875,
0.32459717988967896,
0.35203856229782104,
-0.1356210708618164,
0.5409911870956421,
0.13863220810890198,
0.19211426377296448,
-0.30466461181640625,
0.2779281735420227,
0.605883777141571,
0.07248230278491974,
-0.09175415337085724,
0.3258056640625,
0.29854124784469604,
-0.06601791083812714,
-0.16711120307445526,
-0.3830932676792145,
-0.03882331773638725,
2.216015577316284,
0.45502930879592896,
2.22412109375,
0.03360138088464737,
0.10422973334789276,
0.49677735567092896,
0.1497146636247635,
-0.15053710341453552,
0.1584625244140625,
0.14657440781593323,
0.29681396484375,
0.06375274807214737,
-0.12988586723804474,
0.168731689453125,
-0.14293213188648224,
-0.01214523334056139,
0.30462646484375,
-1.5564453601837158,
0.06242771074175835,
-0.26298826932907104,
0.3725830018520355,
0.11969604343175888,
-0.11110667884349823,
0.17196044325828552,
-0.2811523377895355,
-0.1059417724609375,
-0.05934906005859375,
-0.03154869005084038,
-0.13141174614429474,
-0.25299072265625,
-0.4177002012729645,
0.03858375549316406,
0.3598876893520355,
-0.07059631496667862,
-0.252572625875473,
0.4424804747104645,
-0.23835448920726776,
4.627734184265137,
-0.03075089491903782,
-0.10365905612707138,
0.24631348252296448,
-0.004978179931640625,
-0.25328749418258667,
0.5975586175918579,
0.20884093642234802,
-0.215423583984375,
-0.03668975830078125,
0.23483887314796448,
0.2226104736328125,
0.22239074110984802,
0.18772582709789276,
0.12413330376148224,
0.19636186957359314,
0.032050229609012604,
0.079859159886837,
-0.10082092136144638,
0.09119796752929688,
0.34221190214157104,
-0.06038513034582138,
0.010385895147919655,
-0.1874847412109375,
-0.009106445126235485,
0.40190428495407104,
-0.24366454780101776,
-0.2876342833042145,
-0.01254196185618639,
-0.006422233767807484,
0.0043121338821947575,
5.474218845367432,
0.2762084901332855,
-0.18402099609375,
-0.25294190645217896,
-0.09568176418542862,
0.20197753608226776,
-0.38670653104782104,
-0.22994384169578552,
-0.09450531005859375,
-0.09005513042211533,
-0.34355467557907104,
0.193104550242424,
-0.28045654296875,
0.3626464903354645,
0.37523192167282104,
0.49213868379592896,
-0.29542237520217896,
-0.16965942084789276,
-0.016609573736786842,
-0.3773193359375,
0.3450683653354645,
0.45404052734375,
-0.15775147080421448,
-0.629565417766571,
-0.470245361328125,
0.01565399207174778,
-0.09465942531824112,
-0.16439034044742584,
0.2509399354457855,
0.1483772248029709,
0.4077392518520355,
0.5083984136581421,
0.18703918159008026,
0.20732422173023224,
0.3168010711669922,
-0.00874939002096653,
0.22819213569164276,
-0.20258179306983948,
-0.05086212232708931,
0.02052154578268528,
0.4870849549770355,
0.14476624131202698,
-0.05407867580652237,
0.4051879942417145,
-0.450369268655777,
-0.18317870795726776,
-0.0939483642578125,
-0.27583009004592896,
-0.10136623680591583,
0.020680999383330345,
0.5095459222793579,
0.0084075927734375,
0.976367175579071,
0.14025573432445526,
0.24097290635108948,
0.4730468690395355,
-0.029536057263612747,
0.08691158145666122,
0.15341797471046448,
0.020064543932676315,
0.3793273866176605,
0.10130004584789276,
-0.06977996975183487,
0.0495452880859375,
0.4220947325229645,
-0.09404449164867401,
0.03955383226275444,
-0.14532470703125,
0.7119140625,
-0.3350585997104645,
0.22889403998851776,
0.17280426621437073,
0.06387557834386826,
0.06642226874828339,
-0.06123657152056694,
-0.15382042527198792,
0.3597778379917145,
0.06300811469554901,
-0.12864074110984802,
0.09092678874731064,
-0.0781169906258583,
-0.07269134372472763,
-0.18229980766773224,
0.022971153259277344,
0.13432693481445312,
0.05605011060833931,
0.036232758313417435,
-0.17449951171875,
0.33514404296875,
0.11151733249425888,
-0.14992065727710724,
-0.301025390625,
-0.1396133452653885,
0.6523803472518921,
-0.11361732333898544,
0.22980117797851562,
0.3924804627895355,
0.16578063368797302,
-0.12334346771240234,
0.2144775390625,
0.147624209523201,
0.27210694551467896,
0.24539795517921448,
0.06749267876148224,
0.132049560546875,
0.02762451209127903,
-0.21193352341651917,
0.34675294160842896,
0.2472076416015625,
0.08843994140625,
0.29887694120407104,
0.353485107421875,
0.3133544921875,
-0.08984069526195526,
-0.27513426542282104
] |
148 | Where is the Caraga Administrative Region located? | [
{
"docid": "298874#0",
"text": "Caraga, officially known as the Caraga Administrative Region or simply Caraga Region and designated as Region XIII, is an administrative region in the Philippines occupying the northeastern section of the island of Mindanao. The Caraga Region was created through \"Republic Act No. 7901\" on February 23, 1995. The region comprises five provinces: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur and Dinagat Islands; six cities: Bayugan, Bislig, Butuan, Cabadbaran, Surigao and Tandag; 67 municipalities and 1,311 barangays. Butuan is the regional administrative center.",
"title": "Caraga"
},
{
"docid": "298874#5",
"text": "On February 23, 1995, the Caraga region was created through the issue of Republic Act No. 7901 during the administration of President Fidel Ramos. The provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur and Surigao del Norte (of the former Northern Mindanao region) and Surigao del Sur (of the former Southern Mindanao region) were annexed as part of the newly-created region.",
"title": "Caraga"
},
{
"docid": "29355605#1",
"text": "Caraga Region is one of the regions notably located in the eastern seaboard of the Philippines. With its geographic location facing the Pacific Ocean and famous Philippine Trench, the Region is prone to various weather conditions and geologic phenomenon like, but not limited to, typhoon, tsunami and other coastal surges and seismic activities. With these, DENR-MGB13 is expeditiously utilizing its human and financial resources to generate geohazard maps as necessary source of information to spatial planners and other government and non-government agencies working for public safety and disaster management.",
"title": "Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region 13 (Philippines)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "30351170#0",
"text": "Caraga Regional Hospital is located in Surigao City, on the northeastern tip of the Philippine island of Mindanao. The hospital is one of at least three hospitals serving the area. The three (Caraga, Miranda Hospital and Surigao Medical Center) all are located within of each other on National Road, which leads from the city proper south to the city airport.",
"title": "Caraga Regional Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "18280493#5",
"text": "Caraga (Region XIII) is located in the northeastern part of Mindanao. It consists of Butuan City and the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur and Dinagat Islands. The administrative center is Butuan City. The region also covers the outlying islands of Surigao del Norte such as Siargao Island and Bucas Grande Island and the island of Dinagat of the Dinagat Islands province.",
"title": "Administrative divisions of Mindanao"
},
{
"docid": "298874#21",
"text": "From 2001 to 2003, Caraga Region consistently maintained its performance vis-à-vis other regions in Mindanao. Caraga posted a 0.9% growth rate compared to the 9.5% growth rate of Region 12 and the 2.6% growth rate of the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Caraga's growth rate in 2001-2002 and the 2002-2003 period was the same (0.9%). This was much less than the growth of the population. This performance was better however than the region's performance in the 2000-2001 period, where the region's economy declined by 1.4%.",
"title": "Caraga"
},
{
"docid": "29355605#0",
"text": "Caraga Region is located at northeastern part of Mindanao. It has five (5) provinces, namely: Dinagat Province, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur. Caraga Region is now hosting several mining projects producing various mineral commodities particularly but not limited to gold, copper, chrome, nickel, iron and limestone for concrete cement production. This makes the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Mines and Geosciences Bureau, Regional Office No. 13 with Office located in Surigao City plays important role in the region's economy, job generation, social and environmental enhancement and protection and ensuring government shares through royalties and taxes.",
"title": "Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region 13 (Philippines)"
},
{
"docid": "298874#1",
"text": "\"Caraga\" is said to have originated from the native word \"Kalaga\" which means \"spirit of soul\". Hence, the whole \"Provincia de Caraga\" of AD 1622 was called \"region de gente animosa\", that is \"region of spirited men\". Another fictional etymology of the name flows from a local legend as coming from the word \"Cagang\", a numerous small crabs matting the beach of Caraga, which is also known as \"katang\" to the native inhabitants. Legend goes that the town was named as such because the first Spanish missionaries who came in the early years of 1600 found numerous small crabs matting the beach.",
"title": "Caraga"
},
{
"docid": "298874#7",
"text": "Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00' to 10 30' N. latitude and 125 15' to 126 30' E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea of the Pacific Ocean.",
"title": "Caraga"
},
{
"docid": "2049415#10",
"text": "Nasipit was identified by the Caraga Regional Development Council (Caraga RDC) through \"Resolution Number 44 Series of 1996\", as the Regional Agri-Industrial Growth Center (RAGC) of the Caraga Region. The municipality's identification as the RAGC and its inclusion in the Agusan Norte Special Economic Zone (ANSEZ) can be attributed to the establishment of the Nasipit Agusan del Norte Industrial Estate (NANIE). Covering a total of and located within barangays Camagong and Talisay, the proposed estate is envisaged to be an industrial nucleus or manufacturing center in the province where industrial plants, bonded warehouses, container yards and other industrial facilities will be located and made available to investors.",
"title": "Nasipit, Agusan del Norte"
},
{
"docid": "298874#63",
"text": "The region is serviced by commercial flights to and from Manila and Cebu through the airports of Butuan, Surigao and Siargao in Surigao del Norte and Tandag Airport in Surigao del Sur. The Bislig Airport used to service commercial flights before its operation were suspended. A proposed airports in Agusan del Sur and Dinagat are being studied if viable for commercial operations. There are six other private owned airports in the region among them is the PHILNICO airport located in Nonoc Is. in Surigao City. The ports and airports are supported by the road networks that connect the provinces within and outside the region.",
"title": "Caraga"
}
] | [
0.6667258739471436,
0.3081831634044647,
-0.37417879700660706,
0.07378595322370529,
-0.17881913483142853,
0.00949941948056221,
0.5371537804603577,
-0.2959483861923218,
0.15641368925571442,
0.5305619835853577,
-0.3024139404296875,
-0.3041437268257141,
-0.3438221216201782,
0.4446466565132141,
-0.5596368908882141,
0.16490034759044647,
0.45778587460517883,
-0.08543898910284042,
-0.22149242460727692,
0.038576994091272354,
-0.19489912688732147,
0.7165305614471436,
0.13149608671665192,
0.07451525330543518,
0.011697248555719852,
-0.05016760528087616,
-0.18474508821964264,
0.6057794690132141,
-0.014735829085111618,
0.3383123278617859,
0.20478405058383942,
-0.2702747583389282,
0.43587979674339294,
0.14154745638370514,
-0.20545126497745514,
0.21503795683383942,
-0.27279385924339294,
0.162353515625,
-0.23178204894065857,
0.4615589380264282,
-0.07524802535772324,
0.07491688430309296,
0.14166536927223206,
-0.13772791624069214,
0.40293189883232117,
0.09414117783308029,
0.2736705541610718,
-0.10962191224098206,
-0.16046975553035736,
0.7997159361839294,
-0.16954733431339264,
-0.4374445080757141,
-0.18472567200660706,
0.16347989439964294,
-0.22487016022205353,
0.47732821106910706,
0.28804710507392883,
0.5629661083221436,
-0.3157182037830353,
0.2970026135444641,
0.17986227571964264,
0.01027193944901228,
-0.06391768157482147,
-0.05509684234857559,
0.5601029992103577,
0.19627796113491058,
-0.0008827556157484651,
0.44895240664482117,
-0.00038563122507184744,
0.28872957825660706,
0.024830210953950882,
0.2476251721382141,
0.9803799986839294,
-0.10838595032691956,
0.07484271377325058,
-0.2371881604194641,
-0.05792444571852684,
0.0034313201904296875,
0.2955988049507141,
-0.4845026135444641,
0.3395801782608032,
-0.04173625633120537,
0.10615678131580353,
0.0017114118672907352,
-0.2548162341117859,
0.44711026549339294,
-0.3542924225330353,
0.03570140525698662,
-0.013396870344877243,
0.5144264698028564,
-0.19588956236839294,
-0.028896158561110497,
0.12426064163446426,
-0.27307960391044617,
0.35464754700660706,
0.7208806872367859,
-0.23256613314151764,
-0.5284312963485718,
0.31736060976982117,
-0.3113902807235718,
0.00451035937294364,
-0.12468771636486053,
0.08758128434419632,
0.8767755627632141,
0.08469321578741074,
-0.24887917935848236,
-0.05965631827712059,
0.02915399707853794,
0.25270378589630127,
0.4939630627632141,
-0.05344044044613838,
0.1755315661430359,
0.36920166015625,
-0.1933996081352234,
0.2193603515625,
0.14018665254116058,
0.2625538110733032,
-0.21964888274669647,
-0.3461165130138397,
-1.0284978151321411,
0.10171647369861603,
0.16126321256160736,
-0.3526056408882141,
-0.002288991818204522,
0.10078707337379456,
0.016121257096529007,
0.4479314684867859,
-0.46823951601982117,
0.41404029726982117,
0.6746715307235718,
0.08277476578950882,
0.6101740002632141,
0.2305658459663391,
0.5345792174339294,
-0.042500581592321396,
-0.2692760229110718,
0.5395286083221436,
-0.04114948585629463,
0.10590709000825882,
-0.4195445775985718,
0.2964310944080353,
-0.3836669921875,
-0.06769145280122757,
0.6495472192764282,
0.07608015090227127,
0.21754039824008942,
0.1032055914402008,
0.01318359375,
0.012985923327505589,
0.15957225859165192,
0.5134499073028564,
0.0798528864979744,
-0.17057661712169647,
0.6918501257896423,
-0.11225128173828125,
0.3484386205673218,
0.18379904329776764,
0.15248800814151764,
0.6051358580589294,
0.22034801542758942,
0.5810768604278564,
0.2908935546875,
-0.26949378848075867,
-0.19500385224819183,
0.3482721447944641,
-0.0499865785241127,
-0.2109375,
0.6202947497367859,
0.5501154065132141,
0.2781316637992859,
0.05088459327816963,
0.1650092452764511,
0.4114546477794647,
-0.11528985947370529,
0.1739356368780136,
0.07750494033098221,
-0.3646906018257141,
-0.16173206269741058,
-0.00047718395944684744,
-0.19235506653785706,
0.16978870332241058,
0.13117288053035736,
0.4460005462169647,
0.43060302734375,
0.4318181872367859,
0.172760009765625,
0.21559835970401764,
-0.14749422669410706,
-0.29830655455589294,
-0.22538618743419647,
-0.06912751495838165,
-0.11594876646995544,
0.6718971729278564,
-0.4261585474014282,
0.08236417174339294,
-0.21570101380348206,
-0.38290128111839294,
0.2108709216117859,
0.032050393521785736,
0.06032354012131691,
0.0966595709323883,
-0.17142556607723236,
-0.16514725983142853,
-0.065643310546875,
0.17138671875,
-0.4498235583305359,
0.005785161629319191,
-0.010442213155329227,
-0.2542280852794647,
-0.207763671875,
-0.061789773404598236,
0.12860107421875,
0.21317777037620544,
0.48171165585517883,
0.3212779760360718,
0.08721923828125,
0.06463761627674103,
-0.22336925566196442,
0.396575927734375,
-0.024423079565167427,
-0.23360928893089294,
0.5701571106910706,
-0.0120697021484375,
-0.15138937532901764,
0.058213017880916595,
-0.16503629088401794,
-0.12420099228620529,
-0.6344327330589294,
-0.0327080599963665,
0.2844682037830353,
0.11647935211658478,
0.11569491028785706,
0.08495122939348221,
-0.054747842252254486,
0.6525213122367859,
0.3088489770889282,
0.7102716565132141,
-0.06660114973783493,
-0.0442657470703125,
-0.15429235994815826,
0.4824884533882141,
-0.33591529726982117,
-0.07792108505964279,
0.0023259250447154045,
0.4909224212169647,
-0.3587202727794647,
0.7426202893257141,
0.3871959447860718,
-0.24380631744861603,
-0.04298730194568634,
-0.024672074243426323,
-0.10800725966691971,
-0.11347614973783493,
0.5042169690132141,
-0.09298359602689743,
0.2902055084705353,
0.20889559388160706,
-0.24373556673526764,
-0.11129622161388397,
-0.03041919879615307,
0.5868474841117859,
0.080230712890625,
0.3354048430919647,
0.2819324731826782,
-0.6199840307235718,
0.2782093286514282,
0.2882745862007141,
0.406982421875,
0.0928802490234375,
-0.06664726883172989,
0.32417020201683044,
-0.16088728606700897,
0.006823106203228235,
0.17265111207962036,
-0.03444697707891464,
0.025970458984375,
0.048470236361026764,
0.3647904694080353,
-0.1296331286430359,
0.4671075940132141,
0.4725452661514282,
-0.27752685546875,
0.008312571793794632,
0.32906827330589294,
0.030803615227341652,
0.4993452727794647,
0.011460737325251102,
0.21376730501651764,
-0.49405184388160706,
-0.052696920931339264,
0.2842906713485718,
0.6273970007896423,
0.3119673430919647,
-0.3932661712169647,
-0.06687510758638382,
0.014341527596116066,
0.09192726761102676,
-0.017863880842924118,
-0.05274096503853798,
-0.002693869872018695,
0.7876864075660706,
-0.4712357819080353,
0.40087890625,
0.18038107454776764,
-0.2892400622367859,
0.19566206634044647,
-0.31089088320732117,
-0.094207763671875,
0.09310705214738846,
-0.18708696961402893,
0.16330789029598236,
-0.29445579648017883,
-0.09126489609479904,
0.5814098119735718,
0.3869185149669647,
0.3128717541694641,
0.24317516386508942,
-0.3873845934867859,
0.055296119302511215,
0.052123330533504486,
-0.3682084381580353,
0.11703352630138397,
-0.4254594147205353,
0.12369606643915176,
0.0938977301120758,
-0.6682350635528564,
0.028025366365909576,
-0.5028852820396423,
0.2906494140625,
0.1970527023077011,
-0.1207427978515625,
0.09080782532691956,
-0.23351635038852692,
-0.0357995480298996,
-0.1641901135444641,
0.2063543200492859,
0.008656761609017849,
0.19776500761508942,
0.05920063331723213,
-0.22915926575660706,
-0.287382036447525,
0.06572515517473221,
0.06986167281866074,
0.27193936705589294,
0.1781255602836609,
-0.024824662134051323,
0.32821378111839294,
-0.009919773787260056,
0.42112037539482117,
-0.14596280455589294,
0.05973087623715401,
0.3056786358356476,
-0.11186634749174118,
0.2407171130180359,
0.10801003128290176,
-0.023341091349720955,
0.194122314453125,
0.49587181210517883,
0.3147416412830353,
-0.2692981958389282,
-0.1612604260444641,
0.28976163268089294,
0.24386873841285706,
0.5158913135528564,
0.3366033434867859,
0.4833540618419647,
-0.2514093518257141,
-0.10090360045433044,
-0.5140047669410706,
0.08042352646589279,
0.3656904101371765,
-0.1558282971382141,
0.08505665510892868,
-0.13322310149669647,
-0.31174537539482117,
-0.2522749602794647,
0.26192960143089294,
0.34841087460517883,
0.5849165320396423,
0.19307084381580353,
-0.04075483977794647,
0.47738370299339294,
0.16672585904598236,
-0.3603071868419647,
0.08880060166120529,
-0.4634566009044647,
0.3148748278617859,
0.26731178164482117,
0.04996351897716522,
-0.4406294524669647,
-0.05338920280337334,
-0.20752039551734924,
0.0595361553132534,
-0.04649769142270088,
-0.19001908600330353,
0.1575872302055359,
-0.20050464570522308,
0.29561546444892883,
0.42331764101982117,
0.05119670554995537,
0.01990509033203125,
0.4829545319080353,
0.6047585010528564,
0.40920189023017883,
4.172407627105713,
0.038323141634464264,
0.2587779760360718,
0.18223987519741058,
-0.005135275889188051,
-0.13223543763160706,
0.5785245299339294,
-0.24798583984375,
0.1423894762992859,
-0.18727804720401764,
-0.2666792571544647,
0.09886308014392853,
-0.13953469693660736,
0.05500932037830353,
0.16060014069080353,
-0.023669155314564705,
0.2596172094345093,
0.37912818789482117,
0.51171875,
-0.07435191422700882,
-0.3228204846382141,
0.3182428479194641,
0.26416015625,
0.527587890625,
0.7249200940132141,
0.40494051575660706,
0.16428445279598236,
0.43762901425361633,
0.2609544098377228,
0.5725985169410706,
0.48024681210517883,
0.16314488649368286,
0.1884973645210266,
-0.03340287506580353,
-1.0539772510528564,
0.11935979872941971,
0.3124029040336609,
-0.29575416445732117,
-0.2754461169242859,
-0.06441653519868851,
-0.24142733216285706,
-0.10489880293607712,
-0.10853715240955353,
0.2820379137992859,
0.14790482819080353,
-0.07545054703950882,
0.13058748841285706,
0.3717595934867859,
-0.44613370299339294,
0.4693492650985718,
0.05144767463207245,
-0.203125,
0.11440762877464294,
-0.11358919739723206,
0.5774813294410706,
0.4436478912830353,
0.003912665415555239,
0.4941850006580353,
-0.10210280120372772,
0.0707140862941742,
-0.10468847304582596,
0.2653142809867859,
0.14822249114513397,
-0.10712224990129471,
-0.3600963354110718,
0.07650687545537949,
-0.08755216002464294,
0.11848033219575882,
0.17540740966796875,
-0.06777607649564743,
0.4436478912830353,
0.30413818359375,
0.5224831104278564,
-0.011735460720956326,
-0.24264249205589294,
0.6121715307235718,
-0.1122637689113617,
0.06230302155017853,
0.054959382861852646,
-0.04760395362973213,
0.445892333984375,
0.06065845489501953,
-0.056095123291015625,
0.2293521761894226,
0.024820847436785698,
0.3167724609375,
-0.2713428735733032,
0.07378873229026794,
0.23750443756580353,
0.001300811767578125,
0.47323331236839294,
0.3654230237007141,
0.4247381091117859,
0.20219282805919647,
-0.48819246888160706,
-0.22715066373348236,
-0.036628030240535736,
-3.992720127105713,
0.19619473814964294,
0.1743621826171875,
-0.3255060315132141,
0.08764787018299103,
0.13931135833263397,
-0.06235400214791298,
-0.09864945709705353,
-0.3460582494735718,
0.3568281829357147,
-0.006359447259455919,
-0.3065629303455353,
-0.36978426575660706,
0.2536260485649109,
-0.14232982695102692,
-0.13936267793178558,
-0.11174566298723221,
0.12917813658714294,
-0.02603704296052456,
-0.17494410276412964,
0.38589754700660706,
0.07873673737049103,
0.20609907805919647,
-0.2130681872367859,
0.18561311066150665,
0.489990234375,
-0.10214094817638397,
0.10362382233142853,
0.16829057037830353,
-0.10809984803199768,
-0.16719470918178558,
-0.1329345703125,
0.3748668432235718,
-0.33023348450660706,
-0.06877968460321426,
0.5039950013160706,
0.3195357024669647,
0.2454833984375,
0.34316185116767883,
0.30348899960517883,
-0.08698862046003342,
0.5550647974014282,
0.481689453125,
-0.03166718780994415,
0.11620452255010605,
0.008479725569486618,
-0.2747747302055359,
0.19026322662830353,
0.00006935813144082204,
-0.3974248766899109,
0.04914456605911255,
0.2971288561820984,
-0.36916282773017883,
0.07181063294410706,
0.332275390625,
0.11249195784330368,
-0.23790393769741058,
-0.2674560546875,
0.427978515625,
0.5013982653617859,
0.027466384693980217,
-0.4026544690132141,
0.3479780852794647,
0.07468345016241074,
-0.18270596861839294,
-0.25821754336357117,
-0.28024014830589294,
-0.0002836747735273093,
0.05162395164370537,
-0.6416903138160706,
0.18138746917247772,
0.47878196835517883,
0.45192649960517883,
-0.2565321624279022,
-0.07138893753290176,
0.22427645325660706,
-0.1284637451171875,
-0.12482938170433044,
0.5596590638160706,
0.3537791967391968,
-0.2895674407482147,
0.3848932385444641,
-0.29989346861839294,
0.40476295351982117,
2.2105824947357178,
0.28824129700660706,
2.194779872894287,
0.2835735082626343,
-0.023160068318247795,
0.44358131289482117,
-0.12152654677629471,
-0.04654485359787941,
0.10806378722190857,
-0.22347745299339294,
0.42630282044410706,
0.2908186614513397,
0.14602383971214294,
0.6001420617103577,
-0.039784517139196396,
-0.27828702330589294,
0.38900479674339294,
-1.095747470855713,
-0.10583218932151794,
-0.19970703125,
0.49265357851982117,
-0.09863697737455368,
-0.028779203072190285,
0.43050870299339294,
-0.31075772643089294,
0.18236611783504486,
0.04921098053455353,
-0.0629504844546318,
-0.11213822662830353,
-0.08565035462379456,
-0.541259765625,
-0.22063098847866058,
0.18348278105258942,
0.32376930117607117,
-0.023722561076283455,
0.07619059830904007,
0.21302102506160736,
4.616122245788574,
-0.18034449219703674,
-0.11235184967517853,
-0.18489767611026764,
0.06325923651456833,
0.3011363744735718,
0.22897616028785706,
0.09870216995477676,
0.06394819915294647,
0.3764759302139282,
0.3913463354110718,
-0.31814852356910706,
0.022280562669038773,
-0.12838467955589294,
0.41519442200660706,
0.4528364837169647,
-0.09942904114723206,
0.5491832494735718,
0.05678220093250275,
0.11209071427583694,
0.10760220885276794,
0.3441939055919647,
0.3867853283882141,
-0.09032023698091507,
0.11001031845808029,
0.08486521989107132,
0.21370626986026764,
0.22060880064964294,
-0.060053739696741104,
0.24503950774669647,
0.015005978755652905,
5.505326747894287,
0.2411797195672989,
0.4120649993419647,
0.04839533194899559,
0.07403147965669632,
0.17586828768253326,
-0.3519176244735718,
0.2731989026069641,
-0.06532149016857147,
-0.09438219666481018,
-0.09776583313941956,
-0.10116126388311386,
-0.10476476699113846,
0.38851651549339294,
0.21221923828125,
0.3130021393299103,
-0.09151528030633926,
-0.064605712890625,
-0.00436540087684989,
-0.11745383590459824,
0.7068092823028564,
0.09313548356294632,
0.19357022643089294,
-0.36521217226982117,
-0.39322176575660706,
-0.09964821487665176,
0.1395118087530136,
0.19898571074008942,
-0.06191461905837059,
0.44106224179267883,
0.2924249768257141,
0.37245872616767883,
0.15871082246303558,
0.2870045602321625,
0.21191544830799103,
0.05005091056227684,
0.28257057070732117,
0.1536175161600113,
0.17748884856700897,
-0.5255016088485718,
0.20455099642276764,
0.47298917174339294,
-0.08765203505754471,
0.1844128668308258,
0.028705250471830368,
-0.24385209381580353,
-0.15473799407482147,
-0.4166148900985718,
-0.05558748543262482,
-0.13496814668178558,
0.35354337096214294,
0.15248246490955353,
0.78857421875,
0.24974475800991058,
0.2783980071544647,
0.3795609772205353,
-0.3914684057235718,
-0.3663219213485718,
-0.13026843965053558,
-0.077789306640625,
0.35427024960517883,
0.1663263440132141,
-0.12571100890636444,
0.4134632349014282,
0.27895286679267883,
0.1291656494140625,
-0.20500044524669647,
-0.1754094958305359,
0.5909090638160706,
-0.14955554902553558,
0.09869246184825897,
0.16255326569080353,
0.22373269498348236,
0.13287630677223206,
-0.2676502466201782,
0.25507840514183044,
0.3193359375,
-0.18150191009044647,
-0.0785571038722992,
0.15327730774879456,
0.020509200170636177,
-0.09268465638160706,
-0.2790083587169647,
-0.04403894767165184,
0.1739141345024109,
0.26272860169410706,
0.04626673087477684,
-0.05316561087965965,
0.20782193541526794,
0.13249622285366058,
0.22958651185035706,
-0.28708717226982117,
-0.20827414095401764,
0.7183727025985718,
-0.4010009765625,
0.4347367584705353,
0.07216574996709824,
0.1750403344631195,
0.17790360748767853,
-0.03525751456618309,
0.22229836881160736,
0.24485085904598236,
0.20351895689964294,
-0.2554931640625,
0.11787553131580353,
-0.18076948821544647,
-0.07300689071416855,
0.09996864944696426,
0.21661376953125,
0.22287264466285706,
0.42220792174339294,
0.3599364161491394,
0.366455078125,
0.21305708587169647,
-0.2835138440132141
] |
150 | What is the biggest diamond? | [
{
"docid": "19521963#8",
"text": "The Cullinan mine continues to produce large stones. The Cullinan Heritage, a white diamond, was discovered in September 2009. This stone was the 19th biggest uncut diamond ever found and was sold in February 2010 to Chow Tai Fook Jewellery for $35.5m, the highest price ever paid for an uncut diamond. The previous record was held by Gem Diamonds' Leseli La Letšeng, which was bought for $18.4m by Graff Diamonds in December 2008.",
"title": "Petra Diamonds"
},
{
"docid": "295620#0",
"text": "The Cullinan Diamond is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, weighing , discovered at the Premier No. 2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, on 26 January 1905. It was named after Thomas Cullinan, the mine's chairman.",
"title": "Cullinan Diamond"
},
{
"docid": "295620#4",
"text": "The Cullinan diamond was found below the surface at Premier Mine in Cullinan, Transvaal Colony, by Frederick Wells, surface manager at the mine, on 26 January 1905. It was approximately long, wide, deep, and weighed . Newspapers called it the \"Cullinan Diamond\", a reference to Sir Thomas Cullinan, who opened the mine in 1902. It was three times the size of the Excelsior Diamond, found in 1893 at Jagersfontein Mine, weighing . Four of its eight surfaces were smooth, indicating that it once had been part of a much larger stone broken up by natural forces. It had a blue-white hue and contained a small pocket of air, which at certain angles produced a rainbow, or Newton's rings.",
"title": "Cullinan Diamond"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1517936#16",
"text": "The theme of the museum is the alluvial diamant diggings of this region 1925–1935, then the richest public diggings in the world. The biggest pure red diamond (flawless) (\"pigeon blood red\") in the world was found here in 1927. The stone was of . It was sold for 66 pounds and was later valued at $150,000. The stone would be worth more than $6 million today and is the purest red diamond in the world.\nThe biggest diamond rush in history took place in March 1927 on the farm Grasfontein near Lichtenburg, when 25,000 runners took part to peg their claims.\nThe town accommodates a Social-historical museum and an Agricultural museum with a big collection of antique tractors and many other interesting objects, and the new Digging Museum.",
"title": "Lichtenburg, North West"
},
{
"docid": "43677329#0",
"text": "The Tereshchenko Diamond, sometimes known as the Tereshchenko Blue, is a 42.92 carat diamond of blue colour that is cut in the pear shape. The diamond is rare, belonging to the Type IIb diamond, and believed to originate from India. The Tereshchenko diamond is the second biggest blue diamond in the world. Shaped by Cartier for a private order by the Tereshchenko family, the diamond is in the rare Type IIb diamond.",
"title": "Tereshchenko diamond"
},
{
"docid": "13472322#8",
"text": "Today, annual global rough diamond production is estimated to be about , of which 92% is cut and polished in India, mostly in the city of Surat. Some 85% of the world's rough diamonds, 50% of cut diamonds, and 40% of industrial diamonds are traded in Antwerp, Belgium—the diamond center of the world. The city of Antwerp also hosts the Antwerpsche Diamantkring, created in 1929 to become the first and biggest diamond bourse dedicated to rough diamonds. Antwerp's association with diamonds began in the late 15th century when a new technique to polish and shape the gems evolved in this city. The diamond cutters of Antwerp are world renowned for their skill. More than 12,000 expert cutters and polishers are at work in the Diamond District, at 380 workshops, serving 1,500 firms and 3,500 brokers and merchants.",
"title": "Diamond (gemstone)"
},
{
"docid": "20661579#0",
"text": "The Marange diamond fields are an area of widespread small-scale diamond production in Chiadzwa, Mutare West, Zimbabwe. 'Although estimates of the reserves contained in this area vary wildly, some have suggested that it could be home to one of the world's richest diamond deposits'. The hugely prolific fields are regarded by some experts as the world's biggest diamond (in carats, not by value) find in more than a century. Production from Marange is controversial due to ongoing legal wrangles and government crackdowns on illegal miners and allegations of forced labour. In terms of carats produced, the Marange field is the largest diamond producing project in the world, estimated to have produced 16.9 million carats in 2013, or 13% of global rough diamond supply. Marange is estimated to have produced 12.0 million carats in 2012, 8.7 million carats in 2011, and 8.2 million carats in 2010. While some diamond mines produce rough valued at over $1000 per carat, average production at Marange is estimated at under $50 per carat.",
"title": "Marange diamond fields"
},
{
"docid": "5155634#4",
"text": "In 2017 the company set a new record at Christie's Magnificent Jewels sale in Geneva when it sold the world's biggest-ever emerald cut diamond offered at auction. The 163.41-carat D Flawless stone, which was cut from a 404 carat rough, was incorporated into a necklace designed by Fawaz Gruosi. It fetched 33.5 million Swiss francs, beating the previous record for a D Flawless diamond by nearly five million Swiss francs.",
"title": "De Grisogono"
},
{
"docid": "1736901#2",
"text": "While it is difficult to tell exactly what status the Pumpkin Diamond currently enjoys, the official GIA web site reports it as \"one of the largest Fancy Vivid orange natural color diamonds in the world.\" The Color Diamond Encyclopedia, on the other hand, terms it \"the world's largest fancy vivid orange diamond.\" In 1997, when it was purchased by The House of Harry Winston, the Gemstone Forecaster referred to it as \"the only vivid orange ever graded by the GIA\" (which is incorrect as there are several other vivid orange stones graded by GIA and offered for sale on websites, past and present).",
"title": "Pumpkin Diamond"
},
{
"docid": "49822923#1",
"text": "The game takes place in no specific setting, combining some elements of fantasy such as elves and other magical creatures with more modern elements such as a prominent robot NPC. The story is that many years ago, an ancestor of the player embarked on a courageous journey to a faraway kingdom where they discovered what is considered to be the largest diamond in the world, the \"Fantasia Diamond\". This priceless heirloom was passed down from generation to generation, despite all manner of thieves that attempted to steal it for themselves. Although it was safe for generations, thieves were finally successful in taking the diamond from the player's home and whisking it away to a large castle on the other side of a river. To retrieve it, the master spy Boris was dispatched, but he was captured and is being held prisoner. Now, the only way to recover the diamond is for the player go into the castle themselves, attempt to retrieve the diamond, free Boris the master spy from his prison, and safely return home.",
"title": "Fantasia Diamond"
},
{
"docid": "20661579#11",
"text": "In August 2010 Zimbabwe resumed the sale of diamonds from the Marange fields. On August 11, buyers flew into the country's capital, Harare, from all over the world, including Israel, India, Lebanon and Russia to capitalise on the sale of over US$1.5 billion worth of diamonds. Press Reports describe the Marange find as, 'the biggest in southern Africa since diamonds were discovered in South Africa a century ago'.",
"title": "Marange diamond fields"
},
{
"docid": "42772024#0",
"text": "The Winston Blue is the name given to what was the largest flawless vivid blue diamond bought by Harry Winston, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of The Swatch Group from January 2013) on May 15, 2014, from an anonymous person for $23.8 million at Christie's Geneva Magnificent Jewels sale. The approximately $1.8003 million per carat price paid for the 13.22-carat diamond is a world record for a blue diamond. Harry Winston, Inc. had also bought a 101.73-carat colorless diamond named Winston Legacy at Christie's Geneva jewelry auction in 2013. The American luxury jeweler had then paid $26.7 million for the colorless diamond ($254,400 per carat), which is a world record for the highest price paid per carat for a colorless diamond.",
"title": "The Winston Blue"
}
] | [
0.280670166015625,
0.08358383178710938,
0.07149696350097656,
0.3702545166015625,
0.32733154296875,
0.1535186767578125,
0.411102294921875,
-0.3105010986328125,
-0.18964385986328125,
0.452880859375,
-0.2316734790802002,
-0.13066864013671875,
-0.2627410888671875,
0.0008471012115478516,
-0.0682830810546875,
-0.3248291015625,
0.3521728515625,
0.015166759490966797,
-0.40985107421875,
-0.016939163208007812,
-0.2469940185546875,
0.62884521484375,
0.38897705078125,
0.06924605369567871,
0.13234710693359375,
0.03243064880371094,
-0.387420654296875,
0.10980606079101562,
-0.12884140014648438,
0.16865921020507812,
0.153717041015625,
-0.1040802001953125,
0.06627464294433594,
0.13013458251953125,
-0.2201690673828125,
0.2837066650390625,
-0.04830360412597656,
0.2631072998046875,
0.06803131103515625,
-0.022081375122070312,
0.28155517578125,
0.09140396118164062,
0.17911529541015625,
0.03925323486328125,
0.2349700927734375,
-0.02832794189453125,
-0.371734619140625,
0.1992034912109375,
-0.00209808349609375,
-0.019092559814453125,
-0.07806801795959473,
0.3209991455078125,
-0.15017318725585938,
-0.3208160400390625,
0.038562774658203125,
0.2234182357788086,
-0.01789093017578125,
0.74615478515625,
-0.10598373413085938,
-0.09493112564086914,
-0.11534500122070312,
0.2786865234375,
-0.3056640625,
-0.27850341796875,
-0.12463760375976562,
0.412445068359375,
-0.0413818359375,
0.427459716796875,
0.134307861328125,
0.2747344970703125,
0.16962432861328125,
0.352752685546875,
0.305572509765625,
0.2303314208984375,
-0.336181640625,
-0.247772216796875,
0.267303466796875,
-0.33123779296875,
0.3481292724609375,
0.04183387756347656,
0.4400634765625,
0.10417938232421875,
-0.11844253540039062,
-0.09839630126953125,
-0.357666015625,
0.2123260498046875,
-0.05667686462402344,
0.15631866455078125,
0.1795196533203125,
0.49951171875,
-0.3069915771484375,
-0.09428215026855469,
0.04084205627441406,
-0.249908447265625,
0.15486907958984375,
0.21392822265625,
0.2639007568359375,
-0.412139892578125,
0.3382568359375,
-0.18228912353515625,
0.141448974609375,
-0.17696380615234375,
-0.155670166015625,
0.2699775695800781,
-0.001491546630859375,
-0.33453369140625,
-0.453582763671875,
0.20716094970703125,
0.2702465057373047,
0.11530303955078125,
0.4849853515625,
-0.1430511474609375,
0.2049713134765625,
-0.19087982177734375,
0.322662353515625,
-0.199249267578125,
0.08538055419921875,
-0.1973114013671875,
0.000865936279296875,
-0.76983642578125,
0.251434326171875,
0.267181396484375,
-0.34197998046875,
-0.2567901611328125,
-0.3068084716796875,
-0.15222930908203125,
0.62432861328125,
-0.1302490234375,
0.64154052734375,
0.14827728271484375,
0.12277984619140625,
0.1675567626953125,
0.49163818359375,
0.406890869140625,
-0.06702184677124023,
0.1829833984375,
0.339691162109375,
0.15636050701141357,
-0.14863204956054688,
0.006816864013671875,
-0.283111572265625,
0.11711645126342773,
-0.19384002685546875,
0.534698486328125,
0.201202392578125,
0.22662353515625,
-0.008470535278320312,
0.319732666015625,
0.1287364959716797,
0.15731430053710938,
0.13576889038085938,
0.291900634765625,
-0.08155250549316406,
0.465667724609375,
0.27339744567871094,
0.12561416625976562,
0.572418212890625,
-0.09605884552001953,
-0.00806570053100586,
-0.09383392333984375,
0.74517822265625,
0.329498291015625,
-0.0125962495803833,
-0.038758933544158936,
0.253631591796875,
0.252716064453125,
0.11369132995605469,
0.6424560546875,
0.53350830078125,
-0.043880462646484375,
-0.163665771484375,
0.238250732421875,
-0.085662841796875,
-0.192047119140625,
0.028083324432373047,
0.365478515625,
-0.1946258544921875,
0.045925140380859375,
0.2999114990234375,
-0.33087158203125,
-0.0701751708984375,
0.254608154296875,
0.19878005981445312,
-0.3697662353515625,
0.69232177734375,
0.389007568359375,
-0.195556640625,
0.162078857421875,
-0.17229056358337402,
0.010806560516357422,
0.2200927734375,
0.018054962158203125,
0.38042449951171875,
-0.2793731689453125,
0.14176177978515625,
-0.051731109619140625,
-0.207733154296875,
0.1620330810546875,
-0.013362884521484375,
0.09169769287109375,
-0.1324481964111328,
0.07691144943237305,
-0.66131591796875,
-0.2216339111328125,
0.439727783203125,
-0.39410400390625,
0.08232688903808594,
0.15366744995117188,
-0.21588897705078125,
-0.12960052490234375,
0.009974956512451172,
0.1945343017578125,
0.07172393798828125,
0.14949798583984375,
-0.33038330078125,
0.17301177978515625,
-0.326324462890625,
-0.451629638671875,
0.40276527404785156,
0.223907470703125,
-0.1265869140625,
0.4874267578125,
0.0170135498046875,
-0.13784027099609375,
-0.12558746337890625,
-0.300048828125,
0.003409862518310547,
-0.5428466796875,
0.125457763671875,
0.473175048828125,
0.1592254638671875,
0.470733642578125,
0.11309814453125,
0.02779865264892578,
0.342803955078125,
0.205047607421875,
-0.0073451995849609375,
0.254150390625,
0.08198928833007812,
-0.394195556640625,
0.14975738525390625,
0.3425750732421875,
-0.2563629150390625,
0.52801513671875,
0.301910400390625,
-0.1967487335205078,
0.3740234375,
0.09487342834472656,
-0.0145416259765625,
-0.1821746826171875,
0.0841522216796875,
-0.36810302734375,
0.255157470703125,
0.1282186508178711,
-0.325042724609375,
0.278350830078125,
-0.10110664367675781,
-0.386505126953125,
0.2573394775390625,
0.1747283935546875,
0.401885986328125,
0.26470947265625,
0.14772796630859375,
0.05641937255859375,
-0.260650634765625,
-0.1660308837890625,
-0.03882026672363281,
0.443145751953125,
0.16363525390625,
0.6400146484375,
0.4122314453125,
-0.12424468994140625,
0.046482086181640625,
0.287811279296875,
-0.213653564453125,
-0.22607421875,
0.07649493217468262,
0.0269622802734375,
-0.498565673828125,
0.545684814453125,
0.2037353515625,
0.07683181762695312,
-0.37738037109375,
-0.35552978515625,
0.07337379455566406,
0.28619384765625,
-0.2641754150390625,
-0.02271127700805664,
-0.3049468994140625,
-0.012963294982910156,
0.18011474609375,
0.4381103515625,
0.0014438629150390625,
-0.453765869140625,
-0.1226348876953125,
0.25426483154296875,
0.302032470703125,
0.014270305633544922,
0.2751617431640625,
-0.2514190673828125,
0.51873779296875,
-0.4202880859375,
0.281585693359375,
0.22317790985107422,
0.13174057006835938,
-0.06727218627929688,
-0.21244049072265625,
0.3204498291015625,
0.020069122314453125,
-0.014295578002929688,
0.545562744140625,
-0.05818939208984375,
-0.0031461715698242188,
0.15821075439453125,
0.2595062255859375,
0.6634521484375,
0.1778564453125,
-0.0750732421875,
0.5098724365234375,
0.25469207763671875,
-0.10460662841796875,
0.016309499740600586,
-0.2435455322265625,
-0.24756622314453125,
0.3662109375,
-0.4225311279296875,
0.5966796875,
-0.2556915283203125,
0.27288818359375,
0.13250350952148438,
0.639312744140625,
0.19412803649902344,
-0.14022064208984375,
0.1895904541015625,
0.14002227783203125,
0.21939849853515625,
0.05167198181152344,
0.519744873046875,
0.207427978515625,
0.142608642578125,
0.09001922607421875,
0.26885986328125,
-0.1454925537109375,
0.3074798583984375,
0.006400108337402344,
-0.021442413330078125,
0.011013031005859375,
-0.2179412841796875,
0.369049072265625,
-0.05602455139160156,
0.336334228515625,
0.03461408615112305,
-0.22686004638671875,
-0.1447010040283203,
0.17522430419921875,
-0.297393798828125,
0.3025665283203125,
0.01415252685546875,
0.09035110473632812,
-0.23906707763671875,
0.12685394287109375,
0.2339324951171875,
0.07302117347717285,
-0.0783376693725586,
0.357208251953125,
0.24720001220703125,
-0.1295928955078125,
-0.009906530380249023,
-0.16970062255859375,
0.0007157325744628906,
0.032684326171875,
-0.16117095947265625,
-0.0038089752197265625,
0.08687210083007812,
-0.3297119140625,
-0.042949676513671875,
0.3839111328125,
0.22850418090820312,
0.58538818359375,
-0.04012298583984375,
0.309783935546875,
0.42724609375,
-0.0150146484375,
-0.10134124755859375,
-0.13958740234375,
-0.10854339599609375,
0.3122100830078125,
0.215179443359375,
0.13719940185546875,
-0.5166015625,
0.487884521484375,
0.09395980834960938,
0.07061338424682617,
-0.170654296875,
-0.13671112060546875,
-0.059154510498046875,
-0.14989471435546875,
0.01961231231689453,
0.08729219436645508,
0.02564913034439087,
0.235443115234375,
0.33221435546875,
0.11115837097167969,
-0.05371856689453125,
4.12109375,
-0.11162567138671875,
0.04508781433105469,
0.022740840911865234,
-0.2209014892578125,
0.18138885498046875,
0.2322845458984375,
-0.14229393005371094,
0.00036025047302246094,
0.3725128173828125,
-0.07105255126953125,
0.19804000854492188,
0.1858062744140625,
-0.2065582275390625,
-0.2992401123046875,
0.1275634765625,
0.624755859375,
0.33843994140625,
-0.21355056762695312,
0.15710067749023438,
-0.193878173828125,
0.591033935546875,
0.3843994140625,
-0.0931100845336914,
0.2725067138671875,
-0.13336944580078125,
0.3041839599609375,
-0.07024240493774414,
0.11856269836425781,
0.3158721923828125,
0.51129150390625,
0.05561065673828125,
0.19976234436035156,
0.37225341796875,
-0.92791748046875,
0.22589111328125,
0.10687446594238281,
0.006793975830078125,
0.055184364318847656,
0.2372589111328125,
-0.31336212158203125,
-0.2113800048828125,
0.35986328125,
0.2730255126953125,
0.07418441772460938,
0.1857757568359375,
0.10519790649414062,
0.3756103515625,
0.11375617980957031,
0.20598602294921875,
0.14664459228515625,
0.07889175415039062,
-0.04561614990234375,
0.02056431770324707,
0.527587890625,
0.3363800048828125,
0.345458984375,
0.402130126953125,
-0.2474365234375,
0.1992034912109375,
0.076019287109375,
-0.046057701110839844,
0.677001953125,
0.07306671142578125,
-0.11499786376953125,
-0.14864349365234375,
0.359527587890625,
0.139129638671875,
0.1435413360595703,
-0.4127960205078125,
0.0928603857755661,
0.355621337890625,
0.070404052734375,
-0.04702109098434448,
-0.21246337890625,
0.3084716796875,
-0.543670654296875,
0.70782470703125,
0.19113922119140625,
-0.050726890563964844,
0.07453346252441406,
-0.18164825439453125,
-0.13263702392578125,
0.09763336181640625,
-0.06841468811035156,
0.451171875,
-0.28271484375,
-0.07122039794921875,
0.39202880859375,
0.14814186096191406,
0.336151123046875,
-0.177276611328125,
0.30712890625,
-0.01919841766357422,
0.03960537910461426,
0.07632052898406982,
0.06323528289794922,
-4.04248046875,
0.007721900939941406,
0.2692718505859375,
-0.329376220703125,
0.11469650268554688,
-0.1366119384765625,
-0.11212158203125,
0.34405517578125,
-0.42547607421875,
0.619873046875,
0.1392974853515625,
0.2471923828125,
-0.14330291748046875,
0.421722412109375,
0.2455596923828125,
-0.186248779296875,
0.049652099609375,
0.090087890625,
0.2825164794921875,
-0.07096099853515625,
-0.157470703125,
0.51641845703125,
0.3261871337890625,
-0.04426002502441406,
0.06227874755859375,
0.12057113647460938,
-0.02451324462890625,
-0.012402057647705078,
-0.053122520446777344,
0.03560066223144531,
0.1102021336555481,
-0.1695404052734375,
0.3308258056640625,
-0.06764602661132812,
0.14104461669921875,
0.16934967041015625,
0.5858306884765625,
-0.027263164520263672,
0.04359769821166992,
0.35711669921875,
-0.1192626953125,
-0.10073471069335938,
0.40557861328125,
-0.011972427368164062,
-0.11139488220214844,
0.26284027099609375,
-0.02091693878173828,
-0.000080108642578125,
0.011246681213378906,
0.13177490234375,
0.29119873046875,
0.0719757080078125,
-0.28839111328125,
0.00666654109954834,
0.512725830078125,
-0.19257354736328125,
0.182281494140625,
-0.28143310546875,
0.3384246826171875,
0.08929148316383362,
0.3107452392578125,
-0.21302032470703125,
-0.007172107696533203,
0.3014984130859375,
0.076629638671875,
0.05097627639770508,
0.4073486328125,
0.35491180419921875,
-0.020902633666992188,
-0.24749755859375,
0.14170074462890625,
0.362548828125,
-0.029752492904663086,
0.10726356506347656,
0.28912353515625,
0.28668212890625,
-0.234375,
-0.008022308349609375,
0.84869384765625,
0.309814453125,
-0.2085418701171875,
-0.010675191879272461,
-0.28863525390625,
0.421600341796875,
2.45361328125,
0.59564208984375,
2.283447265625,
-0.00583532452583313,
-0.22607040405273438,
0.44952392578125,
0.06741762161254883,
0.08327484130859375,
-0.027241230010986328,
0.167083740234375,
-0.07114410400390625,
0.6505126953125,
-0.187469482421875,
0.14086151123046875,
-0.11940765380859375,
-0.1677703857421875,
0.42242431640625,
-0.67022705078125,
-0.24160003662109375,
-0.13097000122070312,
0.353912353515625,
0.08829748630523682,
0.06297588348388672,
0.46881103515625,
0.289581298828125,
0.06435394287109375,
-0.33856201171875,
0.322113037109375,
-0.05222320556640625,
-0.306732177734375,
0.015735626220703125,
-0.11380577087402344,
-0.0029315948486328125,
0.33935546875,
0.14427947998046875,
0.1101837158203125,
-0.03220176696777344,
4.7568359375,
-0.013364791870117188,
0.05077087879180908,
-0.061687469482421875,
-0.1945343017578125,
0.2532501220703125,
0.22589874267578125,
-0.2725830078125,
0.08562016487121582,
-0.06360244750976562,
0.25592041015625,
-0.22875595092773438,
-0.2064666748046875,
0.003936767578125,
0.18929290771484375,
0.65350341796875,
0.15753173828125,
0.360748291015625,
0.06385326385498047,
0.025331825017929077,
0.08983612060546875,
0.4168701171875,
0.74249267578125,
0.0112457275390625,
0.2345733642578125,
0.016506433486938477,
0.2911224365234375,
0.010850906372070312,
-0.0468292236328125,
0.539215087890625,
0.438018798828125,
5.51611328125,
-0.04463768005371094,
0.329925537109375,
-0.12884521484375,
0.026349544525146484,
0.2151947021484375,
-0.256744384765625,
-0.384429931640625,
-0.445770263671875,
-0.10025787353515625,
-0.1447601318359375,
-0.2274322509765625,
-0.16316604614257812,
0.5594482421875,
0.06526947021484375,
0.33587646484375,
-0.005456209182739258,
0.09046554565429688,
0.17864990234375,
-0.0015020370483398438,
0.6318359375,
-0.0018787384033203125,
0.15007781982421875,
-0.492584228515625,
0.1605052947998047,
-0.243621826171875,
0.03184843063354492,
0.745361328125,
-0.439178466796875,
0.06437873840332031,
0.45306396484375,
0.1265869140625,
-0.327606201171875,
0.5987548828125,
-0.30328369140625,
0.15046310424804688,
0.389892578125,
0.10987091064453125,
-0.09369945526123047,
0.203125,
0.26416015625,
0.22576141357421875,
-0.0912017822265625,
-0.3154296875,
-0.35626220703125,
-0.09374237060546875,
-0.09649276733398438,
0.2371826171875,
-0.03699898719787598,
0.03759002685546875,
0.14953231811523438,
-0.1786956787109375,
0.82000732421875,
0.273101806640625,
0.2910003662109375,
0.477569580078125,
-0.018439292907714844,
0.14638137817382812,
0.464630126953125,
-0.19409942626953125,
0.6318359375,
0.1342620849609375,
-0.034277915954589844,
0.3526153564453125,
0.310028076171875,
0.29193115234375,
0.10437774658203125,
0.054189205169677734,
0.33941650390625,
-0.0016145706176757812,
-0.05333900451660156,
0.2804107666015625,
0.235992431640625,
0.363311767578125,
-0.023363113403320312,
0.2081298828125,
0.3193359375,
-0.1278972625732422,
-0.16312646865844727,
0.24188232421875,
-0.1726837158203125,
-0.2299957275390625,
-0.2406005859375,
-0.332855224609375,
0.1840667724609375,
-0.11234283447265625,
-0.09978628158569336,
0.365570068359375,
0.0815272331237793,
0.19677734375,
0.39495849609375,
0.323638916015625,
-0.14507293701171875,
0.2186737060546875,
0.08653378486633301,
0.1751546859741211,
0.062713623046875,
0.1200103759765625,
-0.22613525390625,
0.2394256591796875,
-0.046654462814331055,
0.2373809814453125,
0.1050872802734375,
-0.223052978515625,
0.31903076171875,
-0.07604002952575684,
-0.08167123794555664,
-0.1202850341796875,
0.10556602478027344,
0.02246379852294922,
0.41229248046875,
0.264007568359375,
0.04156637191772461,
-0.07488441467285156,
-0.15535736083984375
] |
152 | Who is the WWE Champion? | [
{
"docid": "12767523#4",
"text": "At the top of WWE's championship hierarchy are the WWE Universal Championship on Raw and the WWE Championship on SmackDown. The Universal Championship is held by record two-time champion Brock Lesnar, who won the vacant title by defeating Braun Strowman at Crown Jewel on November 2, 2018; previous champion Roman Reigns had to relinquish the title due to illness (leukemia). The WWE Champion is Daniel Bryan, who is in his fourth reign. He won the title on the November 13, 2018, episode of \"SmackDown Live\" by defeating AJ Styles.",
"title": "List of current champions in WWE"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "985726#0",
"text": "The WWE European Championship is a former professional wrestling title competed for in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). The title was created on February 26, 1997. The first champion was The British Bulldog who defeated Owen Hart in a tournament final. The title was retired briefly in April 1999 by then-champion Shane McMahon, who wanted to retire as an \"undefeated champion\". McMahon reintroduced the championship two months later and gave it to Mideon, who saw the title belt in Shane's travel bag and asked if he could have it. The title was finally retired on July 22, 2002 when WWE Intercontinental Champion Rob Van Dam defeated European Champion Jeff Hardy to unify the European title into the Intercontinental title. There have been a total of 27 recognized champions who have had a combined 37 official reigns. This is a chronological list of wrestlers that have been WWE European Champion by ring name.",
"title": "List of WWE European Champions"
},
{
"docid": "12767523#7",
"text": "The WWE Raw Women's Championship is held by Ronda Rousey, who is in her first reign. She defeated Alexa Bliss on August 19, 2018, at SummerSlam. The WWE SmackDown Women's Championship is held by Asuka, who is in her first reign. She won the title by defeating previous champion Becky Lynch and Charlotte Flair in a Triple Threat Tables, Ladders and Chairs match at .",
"title": "List of current champions in WWE"
},
{
"docid": "690915#7",
"text": "Following the end of the first brand extension in 2011, both the World Heavyweight Champion and WWE Champion could appear on both \"Raw\" and \"SmackDown\". In 2013, the night after Survivor Series, then-World Heavyweight Champion John Cena made a challenge to then-WWE Champion Randy Orton to determine an undisputed WWE world champion. Randy Orton defeated John Cena in a TLC match at the pay-per-view on December 15, 2013, to unify the titles. Subsequently, the WWE Championship was renamed WWE World Heavyweight Championship. The unified championship retained the lineage of the WWE Championship, and the World Heavyweight Championship was retired. With his victory over John Cena, Randy Orton became the final World Heavyweight Champion. Like with the Undisputed Championship, the Big Gold Belt was used in tandem with the WWE Championship belt to represent the WWE World Heavyweight Championship until a single belt was presented to then champion Brock Lesnar in August 2014.",
"title": "World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)"
},
{
"docid": "1002380#0",
"text": "The WWE Cruiserweight Championship was a professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and was originally a World Championship Wrestling (WCW) title. It was challenged by cruiserweights at a maximum weight of 225lbs. During the WWE brand extension, it was the only title to be exclusive to the SmackDown! brand during its entire tenure. There were a total of 40 recognized champions who had a combined 79 official reigns. This is a chronological list of wrestlers that held the original WWE Cruiserweight Championship, listed by ring name, with the longest reign being 385 days by Gregory Helms, and the most reigns by Rey Mysterio with 8.",
"title": "List of WWE Cruiserweight Champions (1991–2007)"
},
{
"docid": "758239#1",
"text": "As recognized by the WWE, the inaugural champion was The Fabulous Moolah, who won the title on September 18, 1956, which at that time was the NWA World Women's Championship (which still exists today). While she was still champion, it became the WWF Women's Championship in 1984. In May 2002, after the WWF was renamed to WWE, the championship became the WWE Women's Championship. At the start of the brand extension that began in March 2002, the Women's Championship was defended on any brand until it became exclusive to Raw in September that year. It was the only women's championship in the WWE until SmackDown created the WWE Divas Championship as a counterpart title in July 2008. The titles switched brands in April 2009. On September 19, 2010, at Night of Champions, the Women's Championship was unified with the WWE Divas Championship, retiring the Women's Championship.",
"title": "List of WWE Women's Champions"
},
{
"docid": "12767523#11",
"text": "The WWE United Kingdom Championship is the top championship of NXT UK. The current champion is Pete Dunne, who is in his first reign. He won the title by defeating inaugural champion Tyler Bate at on May 20, 2017. The NXT UK Women's Championship is held by Toni Storm, who defeated inaugural title holder Rhea Ripley on January 12, 2019 at . The NXT UK Tag Team Championship is held by the team of Zack Gibson and James Drake, who defeated Moustache Mountain (Trent Seven and Tyler Bate) in a tournament final at on January 12, 2019 to become the inaugural champions.",
"title": "List of current champions in WWE"
},
{
"docid": "758239#0",
"text": "The WWE Women's Championship was a women's professional wrestling championship in the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) promotion. The championship was generally contested in professional wrestling matches, in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition. There have been a total of 30 recognized champions who have had a combined 59 official reigns. The title became vacant only twice in history for a total of 65 days and deactivated twice for a combined 1398 days. The following is a chronological list of wrestlers that have been WWE Women's Champion by ring name.",
"title": "List of WWE Women's Champions"
},
{
"docid": "21971608#6",
"text": "The World Heavyweight Championship was established in 2002 as a second world championship in WWE during the time of the first brand extension. During this period, the World Heavyweight Championship would be the primary championship for either the Raw or Smackdown brand, with the WWE Championship on the other. The brand extension ended in 2011, allowing both championships to appear on both shows. On December 15, 2013, World Heavyweight Champion John Cena faced WWE Champion Randy Orton in a match at , where the World Heavyweight Championship was unified with the WWE Championship as Orton defeated Cena. At the event, it was announced that the unified titles would be called the \"WWE World Heavyweight Championship\". WWE officially recognized Orton as the final World Heavyweight Champion, and retired the title.",
"title": "List of former championships in WWE"
},
{
"docid": "630463#10",
"text": "Following the end of the first brand extension in August 2011, both the WWE Champion and World Heavyweight Champion could appear on both \"Raw\" and \"SmackDown\". In November 2013, the night after Survivor Series, then-World Heavyweight Champion John Cena made a challenge to then-WWE Champion Randy Orton to determine an undisputed WWE world champion. Orton defeated Cena in a TLC match at the pay-per-view on December 15, 2013, to unify the titles. Subsequently, the unified championship was renamed WWE World Heavyweight Championship and retained the lineage of the WWE Championship; the World Heavyweight Championship was retired. Orton and subsequent champions held both championship belts until a single championship belt was given to then-champion Brock Lesnar in 2014.",
"title": "WWE Championship"
},
{
"docid": "12767523#5",
"text": "Secondary titles in WWE include the WWE Intercontinental Championship for Raw and the WWE United States Championship for SmackDown. The Intercontinental Championship is held by Bobby Lashley, who is in his first reign. He won the title by defeating previous champion Dean Ambrose and Seth Rollins in a triple threat match on the January 14 episode of \"Raw\". The United States Championship is held by R-Truth, who is in his second reign. He won the title by defeating Shinsuke Nakamura on the January 29 episode of \"SmackDown Live\".",
"title": "List of current champions in WWE"
}
] | [
0.04625415802001953,
0.124725341796875,
0.07954514026641846,
0.1880035400390625,
0.274871826171875,
0.04407978057861328,
0.11577224731445312,
-0.411407470703125,
0.12905120849609375,
0.058643341064453125,
-0.1644984483718872,
-0.2283782958984375,
-0.4462890625,
0.376007080078125,
-0.19867706298828125,
-0.151031494140625,
0.3890380859375,
0.15207290649414062,
-0.3248138427734375,
0.3054962158203125,
0.005871951580047607,
0.281158447265625,
-0.20379638671875,
-0.0051746368408203125,
0.15575408935546875,
-0.045314788818359375,
-0.22442626953125,
0.154083251953125,
-0.011005401611328125,
0.4892578125,
-0.012111902236938477,
0.03911542892456055,
-0.026409626007080078,
0.44842529296875,
-0.392303466796875,
0.23690032958984375,
-0.21172332763671875,
0.3251800537109375,
-0.014538764953613281,
0.3897705078125,
0.16942977905273438,
0.34014892578125,
0.14726638793945312,
-0.02149677276611328,
0.44189453125,
0.23001861572265625,
0.1680755615234375,
0.220947265625,
0.14588546752929688,
0.1372833251953125,
-0.028860092163085938,
-0.14718246459960938,
-0.258697509765625,
-0.321868896484375,
-0.29416465759277344,
0.004573822021484375,
0.03892707824707031,
0.558349609375,
-0.303558349609375,
0.17449951171875,
-0.04468345642089844,
0.2058868408203125,
-0.14319992065429688,
0.04537773132324219,
0.06952732801437378,
0.195343017578125,
-0.277130126953125,
0.38262939453125,
0.17908096313476562,
0.1810302734375,
0.2317352294921875,
0.3517608642578125,
0.539764404296875,
-0.12644577026367188,
-0.149383544921875,
-0.58099365234375,
0.33258056640625,
-0.02990579605102539,
0.2666473388671875,
0.04924711585044861,
0.3145294189453125,
0.128021240234375,
-0.4594268798828125,
-0.1617565155029297,
0.11995887756347656,
0.40325927734375,
-0.10184097290039062,
0.164459228515625,
0.234588623046875,
0.73358154296875,
0.058827757835388184,
0.344268798828125,
0.20574569702148438,
-0.11362457275390625,
-0.06536197662353516,
-0.3290252685546875,
0.13675689697265625,
-0.428619384765625,
-0.06966006755828857,
-0.1023397445678711,
-0.1279754638671875,
-0.1634521484375,
0.030108928680419922,
0.20041275024414062,
0.037303924560546875,
-0.3830413818359375,
-0.63739013671875,
0.2795867919921875,
0.3149261474609375,
0.375,
0.006759166717529297,
-0.1821146011352539,
0.09262847900390625,
0.11553001403808594,
0.07573318481445312,
-0.390167236328125,
-0.02093505859375,
-0.026780128479003906,
-0.030603408813476562,
-0.516357421875,
0.44049072265625,
-0.13537979125976562,
-0.3240966796875,
-0.0694115161895752,
-0.444183349609375,
0.043910980224609375,
0.518768310546875,
0.05953788757324219,
0.731689453125,
0.347625732421875,
0.3633270263671875,
0.56390380859375,
0.30792999267578125,
0.497650146484375,
0.3507080078125,
0.5843505859375,
0.1778717041015625,
-0.10974931716918945,
0.2275238037109375,
-0.044980764389038086,
0.015445709228515625,
-0.134213387966156,
-0.015560150146484375,
0.55902099609375,
0.21575164794921875,
0.286468505859375,
0.06798934936523438,
0.392852783203125,
0.12250137329101562,
0.42034912109375,
0.1239316463470459,
0.611297607421875,
-0.230133056640625,
0.3628997802734375,
0.09964179992675781,
-0.1409449577331543,
0.27740478515625,
-0.045957475900650024,
-0.162139892578125,
-0.01416015625,
0.781036376953125,
0.3388824462890625,
-0.021099954843521118,
0.3546905517578125,
0.2590484619140625,
0.3980712890625,
0.2490386962890625,
0.1502227783203125,
0.516937255859375,
-0.1268463134765625,
0.13610458374023438,
0.1999664306640625,
0.13965606689453125,
-0.1980438232421875,
0.14911651611328125,
0.2934722900390625,
-0.400543212890625,
-0.11549568176269531,
0.1111907958984375,
-0.21219635009765625,
0.2302093505859375,
0.33941650390625,
0.3124237060546875,
0.05460834503173828,
0.602752685546875,
0.59783935546875,
0.2789154052734375,
-0.058506011962890625,
-0.3398895263671875,
0.11297321319580078,
0.2653656005859375,
-0.1488819122314453,
0.47769927978515625,
-0.18317413330078125,
0.2200603485107422,
0.209716796875,
0.0753173828125,
0.18006134033203125,
-0.0352020263671875,
0.32025146484375,
-0.053981781005859375,
0.1167755126953125,
-0.63623046875,
0.174163818359375,
0.30419921875,
-0.1496429443359375,
-0.008494853973388672,
-0.18798065185546875,
-0.285797119140625,
0.19146347045898438,
0.41009521484375,
0.048648834228515625,
0.328399658203125,
0.4627685546875,
0.0031299591064453125,
0.444091796875,
-0.508514404296875,
-0.06352639198303223,
0.5294342041015625,
0.20932769775390625,
-0.15533065795898438,
0.57244873046875,
-0.06243896484375,
0.05877113342285156,
0.002857208251953125,
-0.15082168579101562,
-0.2094879150390625,
-0.560211181640625,
0.06604576110839844,
0.454376220703125,
0.1536407470703125,
0.2881927490234375,
0.18341064453125,
0.03630256652832031,
0.2035980224609375,
0.43621826171875,
0.12092208862304688,
0.03327834606170654,
-0.252838134765625,
0.10074996948242188,
0.2223052978515625,
0.1782989501953125,
-0.523162841796875,
0.43909454345703125,
0.20627975463867188,
-0.07878315448760986,
0.403167724609375,
0.25272369384765625,
-0.2026824951171875,
-0.1771087646484375,
0.06463241577148438,
-0.15973281860351562,
-0.044651031494140625,
0.11180877685546875,
0.2482452392578125,
0.315185546875,
-0.01300954818725586,
-0.11030960083007812,
-0.2560596466064453,
0.34149169921875,
0.03413057327270508,
0.3190765380859375,
0.3141326904296875,
0.334747314453125,
-0.359619140625,
-0.1177978515625,
0.10528945922851562,
0.4644775390625,
0.03521156311035156,
0.6494140625,
0.5701904296875,
-0.03470802307128906,
0.20459747314453125,
0.3701934814453125,
-0.2222747802734375,
-0.030590981245040894,
0.381011962890625,
-0.12498855590820312,
-0.131103515625,
0.549224853515625,
0.472686767578125,
-0.014647960662841797,
-0.1986846923828125,
0.016935348510742188,
0.12830734252929688,
0.24649810791015625,
-0.3904266357421875,
0.07964134216308594,
-0.401397705078125,
-0.06921768188476562,
0.08342361450195312,
0.36083984375,
-0.11028289794921875,
-0.47753143310546875,
-0.04193115234375,
0.345611572265625,
0.09989356994628906,
0.21265792846679688,
0.2183990478515625,
-0.009823083877563477,
0.407684326171875,
-0.2203369140625,
0.192962646484375,
0.08883285522460938,
0.1961212158203125,
-0.2902374267578125,
-0.10799551010131836,
0.2104949951171875,
0.17693471908569336,
0.4060211181640625,
0.80511474609375,
-0.1603240966796875,
0.1023406982421875,
0.3116455078125,
0.284515380859375,
0.4287109375,
0.25612640380859375,
-0.04788315296173096,
0.6929931640625,
-0.13086318969726562,
0.0045081377029418945,
-0.489105224609375,
-0.339813232421875,
-0.059566497802734375,
0.3244781494140625,
-0.4529457092285156,
0.22771453857421875,
-0.08237457275390625,
0.14183807373046875,
-0.1781768798828125,
0.68975830078125,
0.06359338760375977,
-0.4056243896484375,
-0.10013961791992188,
-0.1923980712890625,
0.1801300048828125,
0.000682830810546875,
0.15484619140625,
-0.044302940368652344,
-0.280303955078125,
-0.16663742065429688,
-0.08684730529785156,
0.0023237094283103943,
0.3533935546875,
0.07696723937988281,
0.06728076934814453,
0.2382659912109375,
-0.0073986053466796875,
0.396026611328125,
0.006865501403808594,
0.20586776733398438,
-0.1661529541015625,
-0.006862342357635498,
0.0537109375,
-0.07281923294067383,
0.25909423828125,
0.2567901611328125,
0.0006478726863861084,
0.364532470703125,
-0.14266157150268555,
0.0647592544555664,
0.03053760528564453,
0.1181640625,
-0.264923095703125,
-0.10068511962890625,
0.19195556640625,
-0.004157066345214844,
0.047077178955078125,
0.260986328125,
0.12282562255859375,
-0.06656467914581299,
-0.05525946617126465,
0.06789779663085938,
0.535858154296875,
-0.350067138671875,
-0.2396697998046875,
-0.0507965087890625,
0.5426025390625,
0.49981689453125,
0.08353042602539062,
0.04675102233886719,
0.49371337890625,
0.385406494140625,
0.0089874267578125,
-0.262359619140625,
-0.271392822265625,
0.0033483505249023438,
-0.14255523681640625,
0.07240438461303711,
-0.06842601299285889,
0.37493896484375,
0.38294219970703125,
0.20729827880859375,
-0.012825965881347656,
0.08051681518554688,
-0.2315216064453125,
-0.015573501586914062,
0.05498695373535156,
0.20989990234375,
-0.05910968780517578,
0.046278953552246094,
0.432647705078125,
0.350341796875,
0.422943115234375,
4.14892578125,
-0.042354583740234375,
0.031124114990234375,
-0.13411712646484375,
-0.37017822265625,
0.2524566650390625,
0.53363037109375,
-0.29852294921875,
0.01618051528930664,
0.14298248291015625,
-0.3190765380859375,
0.03059244155883789,
0.1756439208984375,
0.04301643371582031,
-0.04385232925415039,
-0.07741308212280273,
0.437103271484375,
0.1458740234375,
-0.1054534912109375,
0.4564208984375,
-0.3149261474609375,
0.0490264892578125,
0.24319171905517578,
0.09331321716308594,
0.361663818359375,
0.14446258544921875,
0.613677978515625,
0.0836639404296875,
-0.2983245849609375,
0.15999913215637207,
0.1987762451171875,
-0.416229248046875,
-0.022785186767578125,
0.225799560546875,
-1.116455078125,
0.18039321899414062,
0.3401947021484375,
0.36199188232421875,
0.01690196990966797,
0.365875244140625,
-0.2486114501953125,
-0.07351255416870117,
0.166229248046875,
0.469482421875,
0.11112785339355469,
0.09277534484863281,
-0.11719894409179688,
0.320159912109375,
-0.08013343811035156,
-0.13800525665283203,
0.2338409423828125,
0.025589466094970703,
-0.08235549926757812,
-0.2197113037109375,
0.4658203125,
0.3939056396484375,
0.20252227783203125,
0.2959747314453125,
-0.17275238037109375,
-0.29327392578125,
-0.04890251159667969,
-0.0894012451171875,
0.2386932373046875,
-0.0768423080444336,
-0.03212261199951172,
-0.11576080322265625,
0.38482666015625,
-0.07824516296386719,
0.001628875732421875,
-0.20226669311523438,
-0.060817718505859375,
0.377166748046875,
0.2868499755859375,
-0.17285919189453125,
0.15996551513671875,
-0.521148681640625,
-0.2278289794921875,
0.305328369140625,
-0.010915517807006836,
-0.08607864379882812,
0.2353973388671875,
-0.345001220703125,
0.0638117790222168,
0.07254600524902344,
-0.3249359130859375,
0.53515625,
-0.1056222915649414,
-0.1781463623046875,
0.27484130859375,
0.08755874633789062,
0.09756660461425781,
0.3294525146484375,
0.1932830810546875,
-0.01473093032836914,
0.09686660766601562,
0.2712249755859375,
0.13723373413085938,
-4.005615234375,
-0.027744770050048828,
-0.11065864562988281,
0.0791778564453125,
0.07422637939453125,
0.1970672607421875,
0.222564697265625,
0.572906494140625,
-0.247100830078125,
0.13067245483398438,
-0.021841049194335938,
0.10224151611328125,
-0.09203338623046875,
0.42608642578125,
0.25482177734375,
0.07389163970947266,
0.01957869529724121,
-0.022830963134765625,
0.488983154296875,
-0.2638092041015625,
0.039803504943847656,
0.392822265625,
0.5477294921875,
0.11501789093017578,
0.05436420440673828,
0.09789323806762695,
0.13811492919921875,
-0.14202117919921875,
0.2664337158203125,
0.32977294921875,
-0.02411341667175293,
-0.07271575927734375,
0.35723876953125,
-0.25830078125,
-0.07058095932006836,
-0.1616058349609375,
0.72943115234375,
0.040583133697509766,
0.1808013916015625,
0.14693450927734375,
0.10924005508422852,
0.2835235595703125,
0.40936279296875,
-0.07670021057128906,
0.2856597900390625,
0.222412109375,
-0.07363128662109375,
-0.047271728515625,
-0.11426162719726562,
0.020712852478027344,
0.3610992431640625,
0.13781356811523438,
-0.33367919921875,
0.0432891845703125,
0.6307373046875,
-0.17961883544921875,
0.4237060546875,
-0.27388763427734375,
0.3001861572265625,
0.2167205810546875,
-0.12200546264648438,
0.01929473876953125,
-0.07633781433105469,
0.55621337890625,
-0.0152587890625,
0.06060504913330078,
0.3132781982421875,
0.17226123809814453,
-0.07215118408203125,
-0.2838478088378906,
0.09858322143554688,
0.417694091796875,
0.178619384765625,
0.214874267578125,
0.18409347534179688,
0.3848876953125,
-0.13129043579101562,
-0.11434364318847656,
0.50177001953125,
0.39139556884765625,
-0.1379871368408203,
0.440399169921875,
-0.2958984375,
0.7259521484375,
2.4891357421875,
0.39569091796875,
2.203857421875,
0.520782470703125,
0.056529998779296875,
0.11570549011230469,
-0.2350921630859375,
0.2302093505859375,
0.012545585632324219,
-0.12632369995117188,
0.05026817321777344,
0.30438232421875,
-0.054073333740234375,
0.034961700439453125,
-0.202972412109375,
-0.056136131286621094,
0.32171630859375,
-1.16583251953125,
0.10099911689758301,
-0.07590341567993164,
0.517608642578125,
-0.16688919067382812,
-0.17269134521484375,
0.19034385681152344,
0.5994873046875,
-0.014384031295776367,
-0.2720489501953125,
0.1852874755859375,
0.15233230590820312,
-0.19849395751953125,
-0.08846855163574219,
-0.21958160400390625,
0.07613182067871094,
-0.0033893585205078125,
0.473052978515625,
0.06030261516571045,
-0.056884765625,
4.74658203125,
0.13496685028076172,
-0.2863922119140625,
-0.07178115844726562,
0.04864501953125,
0.168853759765625,
0.2327728271484375,
-0.002851247787475586,
-0.027799129486083984,
-0.03673410415649414,
0.510589599609375,
0.383514404296875,
-0.14618682861328125,
-0.20367431640625,
0.295928955078125,
0.347412109375,
0.2714691162109375,
0.12165069580078125,
0.19728851318359375,
0.20017242431640625,
0.398651123046875,
0.05130958557128906,
0.20125579833984375,
-0.18173980712890625,
0.04878959059715271,
0.2813568115234375,
0.2500457763671875,
-0.16979217529296875,
-0.1029815673828125,
0.14419174194335938,
-0.028674602508544922,
5.541015625,
0.265380859375,
0.2457427978515625,
0.2465667724609375,
-0.035350799560546875,
0.007296085357666016,
0.023736953735351562,
-0.6300048828125,
-0.40289306640625,
-0.1188507080078125,
-0.337677001953125,
0.020292282104492188,
-0.207275390625,
-0.0881195068359375,
-0.03991127014160156,
0.09222221374511719,
-0.280059814453125,
0.0011930465698242188,
0.1675262451171875,
0.09070777893066406,
0.87481689453125,
-0.4808349609375,
0.11443328857421875,
-0.4112548828125,
-0.0922708511352539,
-0.13751983642578125,
0.09081649780273438,
0.10292625427246094,
-0.14966773986816406,
0.223846435546875,
0.30419921875,
0.2457427978515625,
0.04373590648174286,
0.2876434326171875,
-0.293426513671875,
0.438079833984375,
0.410858154296875,
0.07387852668762207,
0.554656982421875,
0.06613922119140625,
0.3432464599609375,
0.20343780517578125,
0.021665573120117188,
-0.3224945068359375,
-0.2979736328125,
-0.17676544189453125,
-0.306854248046875,
-0.22808837890625,
-0.0809478759765625,
0.2053680419921875,
0.20801162719726562,
-0.07586097717285156,
0.8323974609375,
0.286956787109375,
0.08786675333976746,
0.32720947265625,
0.07358813285827637,
-0.151275634765625,
-0.10844612121582031,
-0.006939157843589783,
0.5904541015625,
0.2688140869140625,
0.262908935546875,
0.3536834716796875,
0.338134765625,
0.274688720703125,
0.05230283737182617,
-0.07052040100097656,
0.15692520141601562,
-0.07018756866455078,
0.0430450439453125,
-0.11353874206542969,
-0.1634368896484375,
-0.04754638671875,
0.0198516845703125,
-0.07026290893554688,
-0.09809064865112305,
-0.285888671875,
-0.08343315124511719,
-0.0117340087890625,
-0.2566986083984375,
-0.17339324951171875,
-0.2612152099609375,
-0.458740234375,
0.028041362762451172,
-0.0005340576171875,
-0.1315460205078125,
0.017152070999145508,
0.20952606201171875,
0.3025970458984375,
0.33721923828125,
0.38287353515625,
0.1868438720703125,
0.3075103759765625,
0.037835121154785156,
-0.0035271644592285156,
0.13405990600585938,
0.2619056701660156,
0.325531005859375,
0.351287841796875,
-0.5439453125,
0.08054161071777344,
0.02538156509399414,
-0.05884885787963867,
0.0674285888671875,
0.0694732666015625,
-0.06769156455993652,
-0.2086181640625,
-0.11041259765625,
-0.180694580078125,
0.20601654052734375,
0.12342071533203125,
0.08800113201141357,
0.054241180419921875,
-0.13393020629882812
] |
154 | What is the difference between speed and velocity? | [
{
"docid": "14346669#0",
"text": "Relativistic speed refers to speed at which relativistic effects become significant to the desired accuracy of measurement of the phenomenon being observed. Relativistic effects are those discrepancies between values calculated by models considering and not considering relativity. Related words are velocity, rapidity, and celerity which is proper velocity. Speed is a scalar, being the magnitude of the velocity vector which in relativity is the four-velocity and in three-dimension Euclidean space a three-velocity. Speed is empirically measured as average speed, although current devices in common use can estimate speed over very small intervals and closely approximate instantaneous speed. Non-relativistic discrepancies include cosine error which occurs in speed detection devices when only one scalar component of the three-velocity is measured and the Doppler effect which may affect observations of wavelength and frequency.Relativistic effects are highly non-linear and for everyday purposes are insignificant because the Newtonian model closely approximates the relativity model. In special relativity the Lorentz factor is a measure of time dilation, length contraction and relativistic mass increase of a moving object.",
"title": "Relativistic speed"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "2200436#2",
"text": "Associated with propagation of a disturbance are several different velocities. For definiteness, consider an amplitude modulated electromagnetic carrier wave. The phase velocity is the speed of the underlying carrier wave. The group velocity is the speed of the modulation or envelope. Initially it was thought that the group velocity coincided with the speed at which \"information\" traveled. However, it turns out that this speed can exceed the speed of light in some circumstances, causing confusion by an apparent conflict with the theory of relativity. That observation led to consideration of what constitutes a \"signal\".",
"title": "Front velocity"
},
{
"docid": "18009#19",
"text": "Explanations based on increased flow speed and Bernoulli's principle first try to establish that there is higher flow speed over the upper surface, but they fail to explain correctly what causes the flow to speed up:Bernoulli-only explanations imply that a speed difference arises from causes other than a pressure difference, and that the speed difference then leads to a pressure difference by Bernoulli’s principle. This implied one-way causation is a misconception. The real cause-and-effect relationship between pressure and velocity is reciprocal. Finally, Bernoulli-only explanations don't explain how the pressure differences in the vertical direction are sustained. That is, they leave out the downward-turning part of the interaction.",
"title": "Lift (force)"
},
{
"docid": "11439#16",
"text": "The expansion of the universe causes distant galaxies to recede from us faster than the speed of light, if proper distance and cosmological time are used to calculate the speeds of these galaxies. However, in general relativity, velocity is a local notion, so velocity calculated using comoving coordinates does not have any simple relation to velocity calculated locally. (See comoving distance for a discussion of different notions of 'velocity' in cosmology.) Rules that apply to relative velocities in special relativity, such as the rule that relative velocities cannot increase past the speed of light, do not apply to relative velocities in comoving coordinates, which are often described in terms of the \"expansion of space\" between galaxies. This expansion rate is thought to have been at its peak during the inflationary epoch thought to have occurred in a tiny fraction of the second after the Big Bang (models suggest the period would have been from around 10 seconds after the Big Bang to around 10 seconds), when the universe may have rapidly expanded by a factor of around 10 to 10.",
"title": "Faster-than-light"
},
{
"docid": "28736#24",
"text": "In a medium, light usually does not propagate at a speed equal to \"c\"; further, different types of light wave will travel at different speeds. The speed at which the individual crests and troughs of a plane wave (a wave filling the whole space, with only one frequency) propagate is called the phase velocity \"v\". An actual physical signal with a finite extent (a pulse of light) travels at a different speed. The largest part of the pulse travels at the group velocity \"v\", and its earliest part travels at the front velocity \"v\".\nThe phase velocity is important in determining how a light wave travels through a material or from one material to another. It is often represented in terms of a \"refractive index\". The refractive index of a material is defined as the ratio of \"c\" to the phase velocity \"v\" in the material: larger indices of refraction indicate lower speeds. The refractive index of a material may depend on the light's frequency, intensity, polarization, or direction of propagation; in many cases, though, it can be treated as a material-dependent constant. The refractive index of air is approximately 1.0003. Denser media, such as water, glass, and diamond, have refractive indexes of around 1.3, 1.5 and 2.4, respectively, for visible light. In exotic materials like Bose–Einstein condensates near absolute zero, the effective speed of light may be only a few metres per second. However, this represents absorption and re-radiation delay between atoms, as do all slower-than-\"c\" speeds in material substances. As an extreme example of light \"slowing\" in matter, two independent teams of physicists claimed to bring light to a \"complete standstill\" by passing it through a Bose–Einstein condensate of the element rubidium, one team at Harvard University and the Rowland Institute for Science in Cambridge, Mass., and the other at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, also in Cambridge. However, the popular description of light being \"stopped\" in these experiments refers only to light being stored in the excited states of atoms, then re-emitted at an arbitrarily later time, as stimulated by a second laser pulse. During the time it had \"stopped,\" it had ceased to be light. This type of behaviour is generally microscopically true of all transparent media which \"slow\" the speed of light.",
"title": "Speed of light"
},
{
"docid": "6139533#1",
"text": "When accelerating or braking a vehicle equipped with tires, the observed angular velocity of the tire does not match the expected velocity for pure rolling motion, which means there appears to be apparent sliding between outer surface of the rim and the road in addition to rolling due to deformation of the part of tire above the area in contact with the road. When driving on dry pavement the fraction of slip that is caused by actual sliding taking place between road and tire contact patch is negligible in magnitude and thus does not in practice make slip ratio dependent on speed. It is only relevant in soft or slippery surfaces, like snow, mud, ice, etc and results constant speed difference in same road and load conditions independently of speed, and thus fraction of slip ratio due to that cause is inversely related to speed of the vehicle. The difference between theoretically calculated forward speed based on angular speed of the rim and rolling radius, and actual speed of the vehicle, expressed as a percentage of the latter, is called ‘slip ratio’. This slippage is caused by the forces at the contact patch of the tire, not the opposite way, and is thus of fundamental importance to determine the accelerations a vehicle can produce.",
"title": "Slip ratio"
},
{
"docid": "20491903#5",
"text": "The big difference can be noticed when we consider movement around a circle. When something moves in a circular path (at a constant speed, see above) and returns to its starting point, its average velocity is zero but its average speed is found by dividing the circumference of the circle by the time taken to move around the circle. This is because the average velocity is calculated by only considering the displacement between the starting and the end points while the average speed considers only the total distance traveled.",
"title": "Velocity"
},
{
"docid": "37913#7",
"text": "For a given gravitational potential energy at a given position, the escape velocity is the minimum speed an object without propulsion needs to be able to \"escape\" from the gravity (i.e. so that gravity will never manage to pull it back). Escape velocity is actually a speed (not a velocity) because it does not specify a direction: no matter what the direction of travel is, the object can escape the gravitational field (provided its path does not intersect the planet).",
"title": "Escape velocity"
},
{
"docid": "11439#29",
"text": "Faster-than-light communication is, according to relativity, equivalent to time travel. What we measure as the speed of light in a vacuum (or near vacuum) is actually the fundamental physical constant \"c\". This means that all inertial observers, regardless of their relative velocity, will always measure zero-mass particles such as photons traveling at \"c\" in a vacuum. This result means that measurements of time and velocity in different frames are no longer related simply by constant shifts, but are instead related by Poincaré transformations. These transformations have important implications:",
"title": "Faster-than-light"
},
{
"docid": "1527151#1",
"text": "\"Cutting speed\" (also called \"surface speed\" or simply \"speed\") is the speed difference (relative velocity) between the cutting tool and the surface of the workpiece it is operating on. It is expressed in units of distance along the workpiece surface per unit of time, typically surface feet per minute (sfm) or meters per minute (m/min). \"Feed rate\" (also often styled as a solid compound, \"feedrate\", or called simply \"feed\") is the relative velocity at which the cutter is advanced along the workpiece; its vector is perpendicular to the vector of cutting speed. Feed rate units depend on the motion of the tool and workpiece; when the workpiece rotates (\"e.g.\", in turning and boring), the units are almost always distance per spindle revolution (inches per revolution [in/rev or ipr] or millimeters per revolution [mm/rev]). When the workpiece does not rotate (\"e.g.\", in milling), the units are typically distance per time (inches per minute [in/min or ipm] or millimeters per minute [mm/min]), although distance per revolution or per cutter tooth are also sometimes used.",
"title": "Speeds and feeds"
}
] | [
0.24460671842098236,
0.46437767148017883,
-0.041084811091423035,
0.1733606457710266,
-0.06365828216075897,
0.29604271054267883,
0.46408912539482117,
-0.38327857851982117,
0.019508449360728264,
0.026127435266971588,
-0.14563170075416565,
0.11092913895845413,
-0.10948874801397324,
-0.007337223272770643,
-0.1341608166694641,
-0.06842596083879471,
0.4773392975330353,
0.0003273703914601356,
-0.23811617493629456,
0.11703214049339294,
-0.07387351989746094,
0.3927112817764282,
0.06745494157075882,
0.11102294921875,
0.06781283020973206,
0.09659368544816971,
-0.373046875,
0.1402587890625,
-0.009601506404578686,
0.21924938261508942,
0.14818225800991058,
-0.18827681243419647,
0.06741540879011154,
0.5031960010528564,
-0.0488421693444252,
0.5200861096382141,
0.09845664352178574,
-0.10800448060035706,
0.0864306390285492,
-0.26220703125,
-0.2667791247367859,
-0.22012606263160706,
0.28982821106910706,
0.035281095653772354,
0.2794744372367859,
0.1065014898777008,
0.11333951354026794,
0.2023981213569641,
-0.04003698006272316,
-0.030745072290301323,
-0.2066650390625,
0.27056685090065,
-0.1951238512992859,
-0.13078723847866058,
-0.4238725006580353,
0.4320068359375,
-0.07268177717924118,
0.8538707494735718,
0.16084150969982147,
-0.30422142148017883,
0.19956277310848236,
0.20969460904598236,
-0.22334428131580353,
-0.153533935546875,
0.20361328125,
0.2667180895805359,
-0.02776891551911831,
0.7173295617103577,
0.20395730435848236,
0.18739180266857147,
0.11529124528169632,
0.3818803131580353,
0.3184037506580353,
0.23628373444080353,
0.06532981246709824,
-0.10666032135486603,
0.3290571868419647,
-0.07690846174955368,
0.347412109375,
-0.2785838842391968,
-0.20474520325660706,
-0.22602982819080353,
0.14202880859375,
0.2801513671875,
-0.1498517096042633,
0.42751243710517883,
0.13772860169410706,
0.08974110335111618,
-0.0064123328775167465,
0.6022505164146423,
-0.18124112486839294,
-0.0582427978515625,
-0.23207785189151764,
0.11315085738897324,
-0.02012590877711773,
0.11305098235607147,
0.11896861344575882,
-0.14354358613491058,
0.20890669524669647,
-0.2729603052139282,
0.15132279694080353,
-0.06845803558826447,
-0.13162647187709808,
0.2942560315132141,
0.3626043200492859,
-0.3052201569080353,
-0.05536027252674103,
0.0993090569972992,
0.15108975768089294,
0.2801624536514282,
0.32810279726982117,
-0.24501730501651764,
-0.21324573457241058,
-0.16876082122325897,
0.06569463759660721,
0.11995367705821991,
-0.19292102754116058,
0.07404673844575882,
-0.11806973814964294,
-0.7069868445396423,
0.3904252350330353,
0.14180408418178558,
-0.37233665585517883,
-0.13630260527133942,
0.0063629150390625,
-0.19206653535366058,
0.5797230005264282,
-0.0989837646484375,
0.6794211864471436,
0.3383345305919647,
0.001987630734220147,
0.28098365664482117,
-0.20710892975330353,
0.5647860169410706,
0.09623683243989944,
-0.030611904338002205,
-0.07748690247535706,
0.028713226318359375,
-0.10149869322776794,
-0.5425914525985718,
-0.11193709075450897,
-0.03968256339430809,
0.18760889768600464,
0.5580388903617859,
0.11773169785737991,
0.1889703869819641,
-0.10288307815790176,
0.23805513978004456,
-0.014820445328950882,
0.3455144762992859,
0.003804033389315009,
0.2593938708305359,
-0.3430841565132141,
0.5092329382896423,
-0.12988142669200897,
0.2888849377632141,
-0.20229269564151764,
0.5277876257896423,
-0.005340923089534044,
0.37060546875,
0.8085049986839294,
0.28915128111839294,
-0.14586292207241058,
0.2758012115955353,
0.4473766088485718,
0.30917081236839294,
0.15598921477794647,
0.4445134997367859,
0.510498046875,
-0.14124368131160736,
0.03366643562912941,
-0.034201882779598236,
0.14392922818660736,
0.0020498796366155148,
-0.107757568359375,
0.3733353912830353,
0.04153858497738838,
0.28781959414482117,
0.2924138903617859,
-0.033524252474308014,
0.05763968452811241,
0.1600397229194641,
0.3177490234375,
-0.07293909043073654,
0.5230823755264282,
-0.019901622086763382,
0.19637784361839294,
0.09300093352794647,
-0.45938387513160706,
-0.025190873071551323,
-0.10201306641101837,
0.14340348541736603,
0.6701549291610718,
-0.4158158600330353,
0.4134410619735718,
0.36935147643089294,
0.005865183658897877,
0.502197265625,
-0.10870707780122757,
0.26131924986839294,
-0.24465109407901764,
0.25791236758232117,
-0.3681196868419647,
0.13754549622535706,
0.4364568591117859,
-0.3243810534477234,
0.13906583189964294,
-0.16316136717796326,
-0.2614635229110718,
-0.1282494217157364,
-0.01854913868010044,
0.14695046842098236,
0.62353515625,
0.15146706998348236,
-0.0690227821469307,
0.4004461169242859,
-0.1282951980829239,
0.2623401880264282,
0.49967262148857117,
0.07390248030424118,
-0.10247525572776794,
0.27920809388160706,
-0.15185546875,
0.051607999950647354,
0.1928156018257141,
0.09571214020252228,
-0.04402299225330353,
-0.6951349377632141,
0.0808630883693695,
0.16820178925991058,
0.022463710978627205,
0.22181840240955353,
0.1807195544242859,
-0.27139559388160706,
0.47372159361839294,
0.06354869157075882,
0.20579390227794647,
0.0503564327955246,
0.23831453919410706,
0.02678229659795761,
0.15765380859375,
0.6998845934867859,
0.014900901354849339,
0.25779029726982117,
0.43556907773017883,
0.01437863428145647,
0.14016307890415192,
0.19463902711868286,
-0.1650550216436386,
0.009773600846529007,
0.08248329162597656,
0.3018687963485718,
-0.12012343108654022,
0.3343616724014282,
-0.26393821835517883,
0.10670054703950882,
-0.11248224228620529,
0.020329562947154045,
0.21095137298107147,
0.09685447067022324,
0.02407819591462612,
0.7028586864471436,
0.39761629700660706,
0.3308771252632141,
-0.09243445098400116,
-0.13925863802433014,
0.123870849609375,
0.5818536877632141,
0.10937638580799103,
0.31637296080589294,
0.4320845305919647,
-0.4081365466117859,
0.15509241819381714,
0.009393692016601562,
-0.24673739075660706,
-0.011394327506422997,
0.12653280794620514,
0.14905200898647308,
-0.22989168763160706,
0.2541004419326782,
0.3057306408882141,
-0.018529025837779045,
-0.28432396054267883,
0.12959566712379456,
0.010471343994140625,
0.1800592541694641,
-0.2406560778617859,
-0.21244673430919647,
-0.5398393273353577,
0.031803909689188004,
0.09515554457902908,
0.5558637976646423,
0.0051755039021372795,
-0.4339044690132141,
0.3287908434867859,
0.063873291015625,
0.11274025589227676,
0.2507767975330353,
0.1354925036430359,
-0.13995084166526794,
0.7313565611839294,
-0.46182528138160706,
0.04413396492600441,
0.5045387744903564,
-0.2601734399795532,
-0.37599876523017883,
0.16610994935035706,
0.3390003442764282,
0.18417635560035706,
0.34731224179267883,
0.18296675384044647,
-0.44693270325660706,
-0.11938753724098206,
0.50634765625,
0.2616022229194641,
0.22704003751277924,
0.3575439453125,
0.0441436767578125,
0.7507545948028564,
0.2677112817764282,
-0.5069913268089294,
-0.20754171907901764,
-0.3779740631580353,
0.0500512570142746,
0.03315422683954239,
-0.5250577330589294,
0.2362615466117859,
-0.4586292505264282,
0.43008700013160706,
0.23568448424339294,
-0.11694891005754471,
0.5019087195396423,
-0.27432528138160706,
-0.5174005627632141,
0.12962757050991058,
0.18093594908714294,
-0.14753514528274536,
0.09955666214227676,
0.027750881388783455,
-0.3112238049507141,
-0.062219273298978806,
0.23819802701473236,
0.2822154760360718,
0.27768775820732117,
-0.5184215307235718,
0.14528585970401764,
0.12049605697393417,
-0.0038667158223688602,
0.24573864042758942,
-0.18795499205589294,
0.3678089380264282,
-0.13458529114723206,
-0.07197535783052444,
-0.07602345198392868,
-0.06585901230573654,
0.037288080900907516,
0.2766834497451782,
-0.30495384335517883,
0.07276500016450882,
-0.18431368470191956,
0.2939342260360718,
0.406494140625,
0.66259765625,
-0.2684215307235718,
0.05188099294900894,
-0.05910283699631691,
-0.17544832825660706,
-0.18073619902133942,
0.07411375641822815,
0.1682794690132141,
0.4299982190132141,
-0.030348343774676323,
-0.1444757580757141,
0.1578313708305359,
-0.21772904694080353,
0.019658522680401802,
0.1750633865594864,
0.20306396484375,
0.3160039782524109,
0.33236417174339294,
0.3366810083389282,
0.5715110301971436,
0.5071910619735718,
-0.27816495299339294,
0.09506780654191971,
-0.18970836699008942,
0.06954748183488846,
-0.20382413268089294,
0.04691661521792412,
-0.052649758756160736,
0.14584627747535706,
-0.12338811904191971,
0.16647616028785706,
0.07135980576276779,
-0.08230989426374435,
-0.08191680908203125,
0.13175825774669647,
0.20860706269741058,
0.13388338685035706,
-0.4923650622367859,
0.034931182861328125,
0.052823152393102646,
0.29201439023017883,
0.361083984375,
4.117010116577148,
0.07092597335577011,
0.20096206665039062,
-0.08382623642683029,
-0.2746138274669647,
0.32253196835517883,
0.12122414261102676,
-0.27468594908714294,
0.11791437119245529,
0.2356012463569641,
-0.20201526582241058,
-0.015713518485426903,
-0.059794340282678604,
0.3130992650985718,
-0.12624844908714294,
0.17469371855258942,
0.4722345471382141,
0.29526588320732117,
-0.3819690942764282,
0.21262429654598236,
-0.5069246888160706,
0.7207475304603577,
0.3116898834705353,
0.30393287539482117,
0.4149724841117859,
0.23246626555919647,
0.2537286877632141,
0.020066695287823677,
0.5482066869735718,
0.24581632018089294,
0.28768643736839294,
-0.20901212096214294,
-0.10678517073392868,
0.05486193671822548,
-0.5735307335853577,
0.028439609333872795,
0.5541548132896423,
0.4325616955757141,
0.32718172669410706,
-0.015804290771484375,
-0.17036022245883942,
0.15792950987815857,
0.301025390625,
0.4362349212169647,
0.4979137182235718,
-0.04670576751232147,
-0.2569413483142853,
0.47232332825660706,
0.2044733166694641,
0.019228847697377205,
0.13497091829776764,
-0.13760098814964294,
0.015238848514854908,
-0.05122661590576172,
0.3789506256580353,
0.4717240631580353,
-0.061291780322790146,
0.2983422577381134,
0.16691450774669647,
0.04662661254405975,
-0.2904496490955353,
-0.11655495315790176,
0.46140357851982117,
-0.018469376489520073,
-0.2405492663383484,
-0.06432897597551346,
0.006417534779757261,
0.5378862023353577,
-0.03408622741699219,
-0.4718794524669647,
0.4268021881580353,
0.38760653138160706,
0.5194868445396423,
-0.4450017809867859,
0.08612199127674103,
-0.13264121115207672,
-0.2802734375,
0.03022332675755024,
0.1500244140625,
0.045077238231897354,
0.14637340605258942,
0.044921875,
0.10326593369245529,
0.37533292174339294,
-0.022288234904408455,
0.6417791247367859,
0.01179226953536272,
0.13656650483608246,
0.6407581567764282,
0.022960316389799118,
0.3887384533882141,
-0.06659212708473206,
0.3497425317764282,
-0.09721235930919647,
-0.01268282812088728,
0.1704656481742859,
0.1653289794921875,
-4.09765625,
0.2642822265625,
0.32228782773017883,
0.04876570403575897,
0.028408311307430267,
-0.324462890625,
0.07253213226795197,
0.37198153138160706,
-0.3208451569080353,
0.6070667505264282,
-0.3594193756580353,
0.26025390625,
-0.22669567167758942,
0.24196000397205353,
0.21534313261508942,
0.1738225817680359,
0.06708873063325882,
0.4013006091117859,
0.05693938583135605,
-0.09139182418584824,
-0.04480890929698944,
0.3155628442764282,
0.3695179224014282,
-0.22366610169410706,
0.28421297669410706,
0.179840087890625,
-0.07388999313116074,
-0.4256480932235718,
-0.023757241666316986,
0.019600607454776764,
-0.20844615995883942,
-0.19996227324008942,
0.3582319915294647,
-0.2935680150985718,
0.12092971801757812,
0.09440751373767853,
0.34009474515914917,
0.09934096038341522,
0.13239774107933044,
0.47609642148017883,
-0.08909468352794647,
0.32547274231910706,
0.3010808825492859,
-0.03317182883620262,
0.036978982388973236,
-0.20778170228004456,
-0.27626731991767883,
-0.107269287109375,
-0.49460670351982117,
0.19383655488491058,
0.2223455309867859,
0.05662120506167412,
-0.07327409088611603,
-0.1337946057319641,
0.5710227489471436,
0.24824108183383942,
-0.044151999056339264,
0.47647371888160706,
0.14090798795223236,
0.12333540618419647,
-0.1699163317680359,
-0.20747514069080353,
-0.04607807472348213,
0.2619518041610718,
0.2421320080757141,
-0.00949582178145647,
0.20499490201473236,
0.09635162353515625,
0.2525801360607147,
-0.35066917538642883,
-0.3597522974014282,
0.05659068748354912,
0.21577037870883942,
0.5233043432235718,
0.277587890625,
0.0973992794752121,
-0.16767190396785736,
-0.029476512223482132,
0.6163440942764282,
0.17421652376651764,
0.12755237519741058,
-0.000457763671875,
-0.4763849377632141,
0.39797142148017883,
2.3186256885528564,
0.6007190942764282,
2.165571689605713,
0.13376928865909576,
-0.32729217410087585,
0.3640580475330353,
-0.13818445801734924,
0.41623756289482117,
-0.07154013961553574,
0.18010087311267853,
-0.0007719559944234788,
-0.013942372053861618,
-0.30844947695732117,
-0.014313437975943089,
0.04105724021792412,
-0.2466375231742859,
0.36661043763160706,
-0.6292502880096436,
0.1714227795600891,
-0.26144132018089294,
-0.0016122297383844852,
0.33475008606910706,
0.14988569915294647,
0.2534679174423218,
0.6023170948028564,
0.3485884368419647,
-0.21626974642276764,
-0.190673828125,
-0.1306096911430359,
-0.010871930979192257,
0.2696422338485718,
0.5881569385528564,
0.1744329333305359,
-0.06795570999383926,
-0.05029435455799103,
0.08729691803455353,
0.016044963151216507,
4.765980243682861,
-0.4420276880264282,
-0.08603460341691971,
-0.0690411627292633,
0.12800459563732147,
0.10213678330183029,
0.04232926666736603,
-0.29469993710517883,
-0.007012106943875551,
0.2625177502632141,
0.2066594958305359,
0.12915663421154022,
0.14271129667758942,
-0.1639959216117859,
0.22700084745883942,
-0.062027670443058014,
0.03289240226149559,
0.22055330872535706,
0.2639049291610718,
0.015106895007193089,
0.4640003442764282,
0.3761763274669647,
0.14847303926944733,
-0.1949462890625,
-0.0935235470533371,
0.2156122326850891,
0.16871227324008942,
-0.33786842226982117,
-0.049496736377477646,
0.5388849377632141,
-0.07117531448602676,
5.45703125,
-0.010273326188325882,
-0.20882345736026764,
-0.07226839661598206,
-0.0061242361553013325,
0.35384854674339294,
-0.32650479674339294,
-0.12427694350481033,
-0.07305075973272324,
0.004841847810894251,
-0.22050337493419647,
0.01060208398848772,
-0.2522083520889282,
0.14864696562290192,
-0.031123073771595955,
0.20725320279598236,
-0.364501953125,
-0.18828512728214264,
0.2942560315132141,
0.4070267975330353,
0.30960360169410706,
0.04292158782482147,
0.18834339082241058,
0.0031485124491155148,
-0.054039694368839264,
-0.28749778866767883,
-0.09635856002569199,
0.22579678893089294,
-0.07469523698091507,
-0.28176048398017883,
0.6246004700660706,
0.3194136321544647,
-0.1536809802055359,
0.2870538830757141,
-0.22398237884044647,
0.18293346464633942,
0.2917036712169647,
0.18370471894741058,
0.49808016419410706,
-0.14405961334705353,
0.36385831236839294,
0.6683682799339294,
-0.08665882796049118,
0.0882824957370758,
0.05902307853102684,
-0.04164539650082588,
-0.11718472838401794,
0.13778409361839294,
0.16304709017276764,
-0.11212574690580368,
0.017384875565767288,
0.017351843416690826,
0.9053621888160706,
-0.005092273931950331,
0.15520824491977692,
0.3141534924507141,
0.2381591796875,
-0.17610029876232147,
-0.034908782690763474,
-0.4729669690132141,
0.1249413937330246,
0.12021151185035706,
0.2678888440132141,
0.38669654726982117,
0.2778209447860718,
0.3637029528617859,
-0.33010032773017883,
0.1376953125,
0.6272638440132141,
-0.16878439486026764,
-0.13301225006580353,
0.06883864104747772,
0.1481989026069641,
0.12557706236839294,
-0.050311002880334854,
0.2970081567764282,
-0.043332185596227646,
-0.1741887927055359,
0.3668989837169647,
0.05298813804984093,
-0.1964777112007141,
-0.15706564486026764,
-0.04289800301194191,
0.2047119140625,
0.11337938904762268,
0.0015043779276311398,
-0.5237703919410706,
-0.08460304886102676,
-0.19184251129627228,
-0.10077736526727676,
0.13406389951705933,
0.05889684334397316,
-0.10493850708007812,
0.08124750107526779,
-0.2408502697944641,
0.04587000235915184,
-0.17849454283714294,
0.427978515625,
0.09224215149879456,
0.10766740143299103,
-0.023646961897611618,
0.4415838122367859,
0.24028310179710388,
0.002226916141808033,
0.22981400787830353,
-0.014443484134972095,
-0.16874833405017853,
-0.27207252383232117,
0.04225505515933037,
0.22243429720401764,
0.3986150622367859,
0.7301136255264282,
-0.1714886724948883,
0.04798473045229912,
-0.27047452330589294
] |
156 | Where was Christian von Ehrenfels born? | [
{
"docid": "875526#1",
"text": "Christian von Ehrenfels was born on 20 June 1859 in Rodaun near Vienna and grew up at his father's castle Brunn am Walde in Lower Austria. He joined secondary school in Krems and first studied at the Hochschule für Bodenkultur in Vienna and then changed to the Universität Wien.",
"title": "Christian von Ehrenfels"
},
{
"docid": "5857487#0",
"text": "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels (born 28 April 1901 in Prague - died 7 February 1980 in Neckargemünd, Heidelberg, Germany) was a prominent Muslim of Austrian origin.",
"title": "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "5857487#1",
"text": "Omar, or as he later chose, Umar Rolf Ehrenfels was born 28 April 1901 in Prague, Austria. He was baptised Rolf Werner Leopold von Ehrenfels. His father was Roman Catholic Baron Christian von Ehrenfels (1859–1932) professor of philosophy at the German part of Prague University. He is known as the founder of the Gestalt theory. His mother was Emma von Ehrenfels (1862–1946) born André, in Bratislava (Pressburg). In her parental home both German and Hungarian was spoken. During World War I she worked for the Red Cross caring for Hungarian wounded soldiers. Widowed of her first marriage she brought her daughter Elfriede (Elfi) Hartmann into their home. The second daughter, known as the author Imma von Bodmershof (1895–1983), was born in Graz. Rolf as the only son of Christian Freiherr von Ehrenfels inherited the title but he had to discard it according to new Austrian laws in 1920. As a convert to Islam he took on the name Omar or Umar, kept Rolf and omitted the others. 1932–37 he was a student of social anthropology (Völkerkunde) at Vienna University and got a doctorate there. At the Nazi occupation of Austria, Anschluss, 13 March 1938, he emigrated to India. There he lived until 1961, since 1949 as lecturer, later professor of social anthropology at the University of Madras. Umar Rolf Ehrenfels died 7 February 1980 in Neckargemuend, Germany having been guest professor at Heidelberg University and co- founder of its South Asia Institute 1961-71. Elfriede von Bodmershof (1894–1982) was his wife 1925–1948. The couple was separated due to the Nazi occupation of 1938. Later Ehrenfels married the French social scientist Mireille Abeille (1924–2007).",
"title": "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels"
},
{
"docid": "875526#25",
"text": "In the 1890s, Ehrenfels-who was a passionate fan of Richard Wagner-befriended a fellow Wagnerite, the British born German \"völkisch\" thinker Houston Stewart Chamberlain, \"the Evangelist of Race\". Ehrenfels, who despite being a Wagnerite and a friend of Chamberlain's did not generally associate himself with the more extreme racist and anti-Semitic wing of the Wagner movement that Chamberlain came to be the leader of. Ehrenfels never accepted Chamberlain's anti-Semitism, but he was influenced by Chamberlain's theory that the Aryan race was the greatest and best race of them all. Chamberlain was later to have an affair with Ehrenfels's wife, Baroness Emma von Ehrenfels.",
"title": "Christian von Ehrenfels"
},
{
"docid": "875526#16",
"text": "The American historian Edward Ross Dickinson wrote the \"pieces\" of Ehrenfels's thinking were all mainstream, but the way he brought them together was \"idiosyncratic\". Dickinson suggested that these ideas were rooted in Ehrenfels's own tormented sexuality as he was both fascinated/repulsed by sex. Ehrenfels had been brought up in an extremely conservative, sexually repressive Roman Catholic family, and from his teenage years onwards, always felt deep shame and guilt about his sexual desires. Despite his obsession with sex, Ehrenfels was enraged by pornography (which he wanted to see ruthlessly stamped out) and by the \"indecent\" popular culture of Vienna, which he saw as far too sexualized. Ehrenfels was especially offended by the \"Animierkneipen\" (\"hostess bar\"), a type of popular bar in Austria where the buxom waitresses wore very low-cut dresses and were encouraged to flirt with the male customers in order to get them to buy more drinks; in the \"Animierkneipen\", the waitresses were paid commissions based on their nightly sales of alcohol. Ehrenfels was deeply disgusted by the sight of women flaunting their sexuality to manipulate men, and wanted the \"Animierkneipen\" banned. Besides for that, Ehrenfels complained constantly about \"indecent puns\" used by ordinary people, the \"courtesan style\" in modern fashion and by the \"pornography of the humorous weeklies, in comic songs, farces and operettas\".",
"title": "Christian von Ehrenfels"
},
{
"docid": "5857487#3",
"text": "For a period Rolf lived in Berlin. His first wife Ellen Feld can be seen as she has a part in a film, Das grosse Sehnen , for which Rolf wrote the manuscript. Rolf and his friend Willy Bodmershof worked on it together and shot it partly in a studio in Berlin, partly on location in Istanbul in 1923. On this trip, partly by bicycle, Rolf's interest in Islam was kindled. Also Christian von Ehrenfels appears in it, as a wise man. There are still photos in Ehrenfels archive, Lichtenau. The film is now in the Austrian Film Museum in Vienna. The film was reviewed by Kurt Bauchwitz as press clippings in the Ehrenfels archive show. Kurt was one of the intellectual Jews in the Berlin Wilmersdorf area. With him Rolf Ehrenfels developed a friendship for life. Kurt called himself Roy C Bates when he had escaped to the US after 1933. Their relationship is documented in the Roy C Bates papers in the Grenander Collections at Albany University, USA.",
"title": "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels"
},
{
"docid": "5857487#10",
"text": "Reiss' argumentation builds on his theory that there was a need for \"the family´s de- Nazification\". This can be compared to documented facts visible also on the dust jacket of Umar Rolf Ehrenfels' \"The Light Continent\" (1960). \"Escaping the Hitler terror when the Nazis occupied Austria, Dr. U.R. Ehrenfels, born at Prague in 1901, took refuge in India in 1939.\" After respect to his father Christian we are informed of travels to the East and studies. \"/In Vienna/ Ehrenfels became founder- president of Der Orientbund, an Afro-Asian students' federation.\" After a trip to India 1932- 33 \"he went back to become the co- editor of \"Gerechtigkeit\" (justice) in Vienna, a journal which stood for the integrity of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and for Human Rights when Italy invaded that country.\" The book has a printed dedication: \"In memoriam the victims of Sharpeville and Lunda\" and to his wife Mireille called Mie. \nTom Reiss did not go deep enough into the documents shown to him when he visited Lichtenau in 1998. \"De- Nazification\" was a British invention that all prisoners of internment camps had to go through after 1945. Also Jews who had escaped to India to save themselves from Holocaust were exposed to the process. Not all succeeded. Facts about this are not on the Internet. It seems to be a taboo subject to historians. Reiss solves a \"mystery\" by turning victims of Nazism into Nazists.",
"title": "Baron Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels"
},
{
"docid": "875526#6",
"text": "Ehrenfels argued in numerous cultural-scientific and sexual-political writings against the cultural harmfulness of monogamy and for the utopia of a polygynian social order. He defended the opinion that monogamy would hinder a Darwinistic reproduction-logic and procreation-selection, which would have a devastating effect on society in a cultural-biological way and therefore monogamy should be combated. With those theories, Ehrenfels exposed himself to massive criticism, because he offered with his theories unimaginable thoughts to contemporary Western conventions. The basis of Ehrenfels's thinking about a new sexual order were expressed in a series of essays published in several academic journals in Germany and Austria between 1902-1910. In his essays, Ehrenfels began with the argument that men are not naturally monogamous, and that monogamy was something that had come to Europe with Christianity. Ehrenfels's starting point was that with many species of animals such as whales, walruses, elephants, lions, etc, the strongest male has a harem, which for him was sufficient proof that this was what nature had intended for humanity. Ehrenfels stated through monogamy had some useful functions such as the \"iron discipline\" it imposed on European men, on the whole Europeans had suffered terribly from the unnatural condition of monogamy, which had seriously interfered with the Darwinian progress of ensuring the survival of the fittest (Ehrenfels was an avid Social Darwinist). Ehrenfels believed polygamy was what nature had intended for men as it allowed the \"fittest\" men to father as many children as possible with as many women as possible in a process of \"virile selection\".",
"title": "Christian von Ehrenfels"
},
{
"docid": "875526#2",
"text": "There he studied philosophy, was a pupil of Franz Brentano and Alexius Meinong, promoted under supervision of Meinong, following him after his move to the Karl-Franzens-Universität (Graz), in 1885 on the topic of \"Größenrelationen und Zahlen. Eine psychologische Studie\" (\"Relations of magnitude and numbers. A psychological study\"). He obtained his habilitiation in 1888 in Vienna with the work \"Über Fühlen und Wollen\" (\"On feeling and willing\"). From 1896 to 1929 he was professor of philosophy at the German university of Prague. Interested in his lectures were among others Max Brod, Franz Kafka and Felix Weltsch.",
"title": "Christian von Ehrenfels"
},
{
"docid": "875526#21",
"text": "Dickinson noted Ehrenfels's vision of humanity was a simplistic one, in which men fought and struggled to pass on their genes by impregnating as many women as possible. The existence of homosexuality and bi-sexuality posed a major problem for Ehrenfels's view of humanity. In 1897, the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, the first gay rights group in not only Germany, but also the world was founded. One of the founders of the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, Magnus Hirschfeld, the German sexologist and gay rights advocate, was a well known figure in the German-speaking world in the early 20th century and his theories were much debated. In 1899, Hirschfeld had argued in an essay: \"that in all mental and physical characteristics there are only gradual, quantitative differences between men and women, that between them, in every respect, there are all sorts of mixed forms in extraordinary diversity\". Hirschfeld's theories about varieties of human sexuality ranging from heterosexual to bisexual to homosexual and all of which were equally valid, posed a major for Ehrenfels. Ehrenfels simply dismissed everything Hirschfeld had to say out of hand, saying that homosexuality was a case of moral degeneration caused by a few \"biologically degenerate homosexuals\" who seduced otherwise \"healthy boys\" into their lifestyle. Ehrenfels could not accept Hirschfeld's theory that some people were born gay as it contradicted his view of male sexuality as an aggressive drive to pass on one's genes too much.",
"title": "Christian von Ehrenfels"
}
] | [
0.07478887587785721,
0.18124423921108246,
-0.17856667935848236,
0.013275146484375,
-0.2047882080078125,
-0.1103186160326004,
0.022448105737566948,
-0.330810546875,
-0.07981317490339279,
0.5301180481910706,
-0.5687644481658936,
-0.23469404876232147,
-0.364990234375,
0.031060652807354927,
-0.037544943392276764,
0.051201559603214264,
0.449951171875,
0.1778455227613449,
-0.48593971133232117,
-0.014827901497483253,
-0.2898392975330353,
0.1982366442680359,
0.00736860791221261,
0.1005658209323883,
-0.08233330398797989,
-0.053734779357910156,
-0.2584173083305359,
0.25631991028785706,
-0.29062166810035706,
0.25537109375,
0.12695521116256714,
-0.221588134765625,
-0.04274957999587059,
0.23388776183128357,
-0.1670282483100891,
0.3101362884044647,
-0.000017686323189991526,
-0.14006458222866058,
-0.215667724609375,
0.3105267584323883,
-0.03502100333571434,
0.21289339661598206,
0.5051824450492859,
-0.0009724010014906526,
0.14915604889392853,
0.10227689146995544,
0.15299154818058014,
0.33248624205589294,
-0.2912098169326782,
0.38364169001579285,
-0.4745427966117859,
0.24964211881160736,
0.244110107421875,
-0.09618308395147324,
-0.5062248706817627,
0.5263006091117859,
0.06154077872633934,
0.45461204648017883,
-0.24528919160366058,
-0.039366982877254486,
0.1678265631198883,
0.22404341399669647,
-0.4173694849014282,
-0.035269998013973236,
0.1618402600288391,
0.34427157044410706,
0.05281379073858261,
0.09188426285982132,
0.3582930266857147,
0.028120560571551323,
0.13618607819080353,
0.08181831985712051,
0.5675159692764282,
0.14847399294376373,
-0.03255428001284599,
-0.4075372815132141,
-0.13716818392276764,
0.048746977001428604,
-0.05566960945725441,
-0.2732987701892853,
0.6382057666778564,
-0.07126131653785706,
-0.057399749755859375,
-0.2843683362007141,
-0.21693004667758942,
0.5334028601646423,
0.101921945810318,
0.34438809752464294,
0.16924910247325897,
0.3687633275985718,
0.24849630892276764,
-0.009751752950251102,
-0.15977893769741058,
-0.3807262182235718,
-0.16865123808383942,
0.07426834106445312,
0.38437721133232117,
-0.9453125,
0.08608922362327576,
-0.67303466796875,
-0.42138671875,
-0.24189896881580353,
-0.047690652310848236,
0.5448997020721436,
0.45199307799339294,
-0.47176846861839294,
-0.11551354080438614,
0.5947709679603577,
-0.13463939726352692,
0.564208984375,
0.36727020144462585,
-0.06099250167608261,
0.33518287539482117,
0.24362459778785706,
-0.006767966318875551,
0.2509099841117859,
0.39968040585517883,
-0.09660894423723221,
-0.3192589581012726,
-0.5108420848846436,
0.23725752532482147,
0.09816534072160721,
-0.11523021012544632,
0.24670132994651794,
0.061865027993917465,
0.0008933327626436949,
0.6325905323028564,
-0.549560546875,
0.7294921875,
0.15171121060848236,
0.048924531787633896,
0.3686634302139282,
0.3372747302055359,
0.5308727025985718,
0.2663074731826782,
0.3625932037830353,
0.22897061705589294,
-0.09000743180513382,
0.07561285048723221,
-0.26581642031669617,
-0.4456343352794647,
0.21615323424339294,
-0.01569036953151226,
0.22951993346214294,
-0.2417241930961609,
0.23807039856910706,
0.09965723007917404,
0.3773970305919647,
-0.0056597101502120495,
0.27438631653785706,
-0.15797562897205353,
0.1957952380180359,
-0.04503978416323662,
0.33133211731910706,
-0.03422962501645088,
0.4469105005264282,
0.4984907805919647,
-0.004541570320725441,
-0.10247187316417694,
0.075042724609375,
0.7861772179603577,
0.35660067200660706,
-0.17172032594680786,
-0.2206975817680359,
0.19666637480258942,
0.23015794157981873,
-0.2595076262950897,
0.030591098591685295,
0.5554865002632141,
-0.10075239837169647,
-0.3993030786514282,
0.08365006744861603,
0.1445367932319641,
-0.2883134186267853,
0.27724942564964294,
-0.09677401185035706,
-0.3951471447944641,
0.09048531204462051,
0.17209555208683014,
-0.18308882415294647,
-0.04067230224609375,
0.2691816985607147,
0.12997159361839294,
0.1926324963569641,
0.3373912572860718,
0.21139249205589294,
0.6344105005264282,
-0.2739604711532593,
-0.22352738678455353,
0.021290171891450882,
-0.13284578919410706,
0.3602648675441742,
0.5133167505264282,
0.2944446802139282,
0.18196868896484375,
0.2436468005180359,
0.06588034331798553,
0.008901422843337059,
0.019817005842924118,
0.000152587890625,
0.13251425325870514,
0.035231851041316986,
-0.7619850635528564,
0.3793501555919647,
0.4982244372367859,
-0.6170321106910706,
0.1257927566766739,
0.20865145325660706,
-0.24922318756580353,
-0.4291548430919647,
0.26495361328125,
0.3039994537830353,
0.3407537341117859,
0.3713268041610718,
-0.070037841796875,
0.33951082825660706,
0.2669927477836609,
-0.20105257630348206,
0.4261363744735718,
0.09655484557151794,
-0.46175870299339294,
0.5270330309867859,
0.2966419458389282,
0.12986859679222107,
-0.28963956236839294,
-0.345947265625,
-0.2750799059867859,
-0.06137743964791298,
0.13207730650901794,
-0.020127730444073677,
0.21029385924339294,
0.057796478271484375,
-0.036521218717098236,
-0.17217393219470978,
-0.15664395689964294,
0.27969637513160706,
0.5746848583221436,
0.08693764358758926,
-0.029425881803035736,
0.11874666810035706,
0.02728826366364956,
-0.06380531936883926,
-0.32798072695732117,
-0.1702631115913391,
0.5331587195396423,
-0.31152135133743286,
0.19759854674339294,
0.3683915436267853,
-0.410400390625,
0.38083717226982117,
0.12257246673107147,
0.10689128190279007,
0.5045387744903564,
0.2396184802055359,
-0.3619828522205353,
0.02204088680446148,
0.23885275423526764,
-0.10625249892473221,
-0.23925863206386566,
0.24150501191616058,
0.8481889367103577,
-0.09337130188941956,
0.4227405786514282,
0.3594970703125,
-0.4956720471382141,
0.11881463974714279,
0.20615456998348236,
0.4505726099014282,
0.009105335921049118,
0.3949751555919647,
0.642333984375,
-0.43237027525901794,
0.134002685546875,
0.22690096497535706,
-0.14880786836147308,
0.027770303189754486,
0.16530679166316986,
0.4463944733142853,
-0.5431907176971436,
0.19056840240955353,
0.14958883821964264,
0.025896938517689705,
-0.21681351959705353,
-0.08622048050165176,
0.3480335474014282,
0.1353399157524109,
-0.12957486510276794,
0.09669078141450882,
-0.2698655426502228,
-0.02829328365623951,
0.08529801666736603,
0.6856356263160706,
-0.08237145096063614,
-0.5227272510528564,
-0.17914928495883942,
0.41713646054267883,
0.2966808080673218,
-0.4170032739639282,
0.016739584505558014,
-0.15377460420131683,
0.00045498934923671186,
-0.35836514830589294,
0.000213623046875,
0.4223827123641968,
0.2195184826850891,
-0.3598743677139282,
-0.3261219263076782,
0.12156538665294647,
-0.14072833955287933,
0.7582563757896423,
0.11270973831415176,
-0.21314586699008942,
0.04009212180972099,
0.5658957958221436,
0.23710770905017853,
0.7732155323028564,
0.3963068127632141,
0.06384312361478806,
0.2931573987007141,
-0.026256214827299118,
0.18175992369651794,
-0.14543567597866058,
-0.2535511255264282,
-0.0834539607167244,
0.06213240325450897,
-0.3964177966117859,
0.12063875794410706,
-0.33096590638160706,
0.8031339049339294,
0.12040016800165176,
0.4595780670642853,
0.0703173577785492,
-0.014155995100736618,
0.25989705324172974,
-0.3489213287830353,
0.11863569915294647,
-0.05767909064888954,
0.3234308362007141,
-0.34829485416412354,
-0.18681196868419647,
-0.0022139116190373898,
-0.11961781233549118,
-0.3273870348930359,
0.3745782971382141,
-0.31173428893089294,
-0.021581823006272316,
-0.18222878873348236,
0.14993008971214294,
0.3670654296875,
-0.3758434057235718,
0.04397166892886162,
0.3764093518257141,
-0.3069568872451782,
-0.052431974560022354,
-0.3508966565132141,
0.48739346861839294,
0.20792527496814728,
0.13402487337589264,
-0.01415738184005022,
-0.20497824251651764,
-0.13126859068870544,
0.5588157176971436,
0.6863237023353577,
0.11072609573602676,
0.13446044921875,
-0.05135692283511162,
-0.18591031432151794,
0.16463123261928558,
0.06498787552118301,
0.4643443822860718,
-0.019177718088030815,
-0.01648504100739956,
-0.31215599179267883,
0.21317361295223236,
-0.3303666412830353,
-0.11216597259044647,
-0.006469076499342918,
0.4171031713485718,
0.3400213122367859,
0.24992509186267853,
0.035111166536808014,
0.4280450940132141,
0.19471047818660736,
-0.1818029284477234,
-0.05012373626232147,
-0.2570023834705353,
0.12136147171258926,
0.1499384045600891,
-0.18333087861537933,
0.18101085722446442,
0.4312744140625,
-0.30157747864723206,
-0.3339899182319641,
-0.2749800384044647,
-0.3260498046875,
-0.2167816162109375,
0.11566543579101562,
0.22672341763973236,
0.2536565661430359,
-0.07555007934570312,
0.17891068756580353,
-0.10538551956415176,
0.6369407176971436,
0.15880654752254486,
4.000355243682861,
0.006236683111637831,
0.0635528564453125,
-0.04261641204357147,
0.07915158569812775,
0.09397142380475998,
0.4564652740955353,
0.21374788880348206,
0.12956930696964264,
0.1488109529018402,
-0.17949329316616058,
0.3397660553455353,
-0.3449540436267853,
-0.08127247542142868,
-0.018345745280385017,
0.2653142809867859,
0.5062589049339294,
0.15364767611026764,
0.18177933990955353,
0.007834347896277905,
-0.22294478118419647,
0.34375,
0.2768998444080353,
0.21030773222446442,
0.3239024877548218,
0.025176309049129486,
0.45362022519111633,
-0.04893077537417412,
0.38916015625,
0.015004938468337059,
0.4014115631580353,
-0.1564629226922989,
0.37326326966285706,
0.23110684752464294,
-0.8195134997367859,
0.16884265840053558,
0.2772563695907593,
0.6375621557235718,
0.024580521509051323,
0.030675021931529045,
-0.34079810976982117,
-0.09360018372535706,
-0.32889071106910706,
0.5101207494735718,
0.1934869885444641,
-0.29104891419410706,
-0.1732538342475891,
0.5987215638160706,
-0.2556402087211609,
-0.022353779524564743,
0.48020240664482117,
-0.12245316803455353,
-0.17416658997535706,
-0.14275290071964264,
0.15555433928966522,
0.36556729674339294,
0.2815718352794647,
0.4911665618419647,
-0.09959437698125839,
0.06627724319696426,
-0.030337246134877205,
-0.3760431408882141,
-0.059750642627477646,
-0.11398038268089294,
-0.5932450890541077,
-0.20506425201892853,
-0.06636480987071991,
0.6408025622367859,
0.00636152783408761,
0.20817981660366058,
0.20541104674339294,
0.3859419524669647,
0.23635587096214294,
-0.17332319915294647,
0.17963895201683044,
-0.40773704648017883,
-0.35537996888160706,
-0.09745511412620544,
0.1337224841117859,
-0.10173971205949783,
0.36806419491767883,
-0.0016016527079045773,
0.2989945709705353,
0.17845569550991058,
0.393798828125,
0.4490855932235718,
0.2689652740955353,
-0.6025390625,
0.3790838122367859,
0.04324756935238838,
0.20982222259044647,
-0.1190643310546875,
0.2618851959705353,
0.6323020458221436,
-0.3757213354110718,
0.12258391082286835,
0.2712017297744751,
-4.030184745788574,
0.0717669427394867,
0.5139381885528564,
-0.1449945569038391,
0.17420543730258942,
0.20930065214633942,
-0.4328724145889282,
0.1543676257133484,
-0.3558793365955353,
0.4221857190132141,
-0.10189264267683029,
-0.22066427767276764,
-0.24641557037830353,
0.5681485533714294,
0.26522549986839294,
-0.1452123522758484,
0.3791649639606476,
0.2611527740955353,
0.16546422243118286,
-0.16689230501651764,
0.09418626129627228,
0.6009410619735718,
0.09575653076171875,
-0.07906827330589294,
0.050284646451473236,
-0.1486608386039734,
0.3865966796875,
0.1560003161430359,
0.8134321570396423,
-0.1609954833984375,
-0.6927601099014282,
0.37606534361839294,
0.7382368445396423,
-0.06516196578741074,
0.29678621888160706,
0.6896528601646423,
0.5112956762313843,
0.5596812963485718,
0.45798560976982117,
0.7165749073028564,
-0.22542501986026764,
0.38900479674339294,
0.6411798596382141,
-0.111785888671875,
0.2845569849014282,
0.03415471687912941,
-0.5791015625,
0.026884598657488823,
0.05533738434314728,
0.35470858216285706,
0.26831331849098206,
0.5381303429603577,
-0.18989147245883942,
0.24364124238491058,
0.3772416412830353,
-0.4138849377632141,
-0.5096213817596436,
-0.4219304919242859,
0.5340687036514282,
0.22256746888160706,
0.031997159123420715,
-0.01695312187075615,
0.120635986328125,
-0.02029523067176342,
0.052215576171875,
0.003699562745168805,
-0.2370660901069641,
-0.018700338900089264,
0.5454545617103577,
-0.5012151598930359,
-0.1901751458644867,
-0.10923974961042404,
-0.050101540982723236,
-0.4852184057235718,
0.11042924225330353,
0.1697540283203125,
0.10239202529191971,
-0.15903820097446442,
0.7187944054603577,
0.5014204382896423,
-0.5079678893089294,
-0.2133234143257141,
-0.4009454846382141,
0.3573441803455353,
2.3732244968414307,
0.013189142569899559,
2.1075994968414307,
0.22412802278995514,
0.39331331849098206,
0.5049937963485718,
-0.03177434578537941,
0.4729669690132141,
0.09135714173316956,
-0.18014803528785706,
0.05265669524669647,
0.5982999205589294,
0.2724442780017853,
0.3219771087169647,
0.10367237776517868,
-0.034966643899679184,
0.23516845703125,
-0.7131569385528564,
0.8235529065132141,
-0.3743230700492859,
0.4180353283882141,
0.05378584563732147,
0.06972295790910721,
0.34084251523017883,
0.05946488678455353,
-0.3118119537830353,
-0.17795215547084808,
0.1425677239894867,
0.4814342260360718,
-0.2511152923107147,
-0.015045166015625,
0.4675847887992859,
0.6130149364471436,
0.36594459414482117,
0.6329678893089294,
0.15059591829776764,
-0.24376331269741058,
4.6178975105285645,
-0.0022887750528752804,
-0.4406072497367859,
-0.014575611799955368,
0.14845934510231018,
0.19248269498348236,
0.29403409361839294,
0.2771495580673218,
-0.2458849847316742,
0.08965995162725449,
0.5626997351646423,
0.40774813294410706,
0.14669682085514069,
-0.0410003662109375,
0.535400390625,
0.11592240631580353,
0.12878695130348206,
-0.036162637174129486,
0.07275390625,
-0.028270374983549118,
-0.3130548596382141,
0.3843439221382141,
0.16963888704776764,
0.11507554352283478,
-0.27963533997535706,
0.00018379905668552965,
0.2606866955757141,
-0.10738511383533478,
-0.055000998079776764,
0.8562455773353577,
0.06254161149263382,
5.405894756317139,
-0.033907804638147354,
0.046234130859375,
-0.030155528336763382,
0.03564019501209259,
0.11770074814558029,
-0.4093683362007141,
0.09484308212995529,
-0.3279474377632141,
0.031159531325101852,
0.07816731184720993,
-0.06805419921875,
-0.26455965638160706,
0.119293212890625,
0.1954345703125,
0.5560524463653564,
-0.4232066869735718,
-0.15549945831298828,
0.1418311446905136,
-0.05791057273745537,
0.40603914856910706,
0.4806560277938843,
0.39761629700660706,
-0.8032448291778564,
-0.2499445080757141,
0.13264603912830353,
0.067474365234375,
0.4561656713485718,
0.0024004848673939705,
-0.08080499619245529,
0.3671209216117859,
0.07677390426397324,
0.25308921933174133,
0.013427561149001122,
-0.16231466829776764,
0.07506075501441956,
0.4707142114639282,
0.024400191381573677,
0.32753685116767883,
-0.05447249114513397,
0.2741588354110718,
0.2522693872451782,
0.19280347228050232,
-0.3699840307235718,
-0.07339200377464294,
-0.21479381620883942,
-0.013166254386305809,
-0.061225198209285736,
0.04461616277694702,
0.12640380859375,
0.13054586946964264,
-0.1649724841117859,
1.3564453125,
0.5016424059867859,
0.2393549084663391,
0.28720924258232117,
-0.2892012298107147,
0.17261852324008942,
-0.040979038923978806,
-0.07679124176502228,
0.5925071239471436,
0.037875089794397354,
-0.0070849331095814705,
0.44374778866767883,
0.36312589049339294,
0.42349520325660706,
0.1499626785516739,
-0.05590404197573662,
0.35665616393089294,
-0.2544722259044647,
0.3338068127632141,
-0.23338456451892853,
0.12179704010486603,
0.44186678528785706,
0.09100034087896347,
0.5958585143089294,
0.4434925317764282,
-0.20633211731910706,
-0.02840215526521206,
0.22319446504116058,
-0.11203280091285706,
-0.10669500380754471,
0.1808527112007141,
-0.2427007555961609,
0.20491166412830353,
-0.06667917221784592,
0.4556107819080353,
0.10606661438941956,
0.33001986145973206,
-0.07313363999128342,
0.4073597192764282,
-0.16531094908714294,
-0.31331565976142883,
0.8049982190132141,
-0.3718372583389282,
0.2790083587169647,
0.12356012314558029,
0.25335997343063354,
0.061304960399866104,
0.2439630627632141,
-0.04277801886200905,
0.12683521211147308,
0.04033869132399559,
-0.2708324193954468,
0.09304254502058029,
-0.1938941329717636,
0.2739757299423218,
0.10832630842924118,
-0.07950687408447266,
-0.03160649910569191,
0.48191139101982117,
0.3251287341117859,
0.11838877946138382,
0.31845924258232117,
-0.13935159146785736
] |
158 | When did New France end? | [
{
"docid": "159828#0",
"text": "New France () was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763 under the Treaty of Paris (1763).",
"title": "New France"
},
{
"docid": "159828#5",
"text": "In 1763, France had ceded the rest of New France, except the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, to Great Britain and Spain at the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in North America and especially the United States). Britain received Canada, Acadia, and the parts of French Louisiana which lay east of the Mississippi Riverexcept for the Île d'Orléans, which was granted to Spain, along with the territory to the westthe larger portion of Louisiana.",
"title": "New France"
}
] | [] | [
0.19109344482421875,
-0.2130889892578125,
-0.302490234375,
-0.02154254913330078,
-0.336700439453125,
-0.07761478424072266,
0.6142578125,
-0.29314422607421875,
0.07755470275878906,
0.53271484375,
-0.24558448791503906,
-0.26153564453125,
0.14329910278320312,
0.20459365844726562,
-0.3961181640625,
-0.356292724609375,
0.511566162109375,
0.03141069412231445,
-0.14893531799316406,
0.448333740234375,
-0.382354736328125,
0.38671875,
0.060031890869140625,
-0.1260662078857422,
-0.060943603515625,
0.0407867431640625,
-0.07862663269042969,
0.443359375,
-0.14346933364868164,
0.16977882385253906,
0.423614501953125,
0.0904693603515625,
-0.11829566955566406,
0.745025634765625,
0.25537681579589844,
0.46197509765625,
-0.280364990234375,
-0.05881690979003906,
-0.25933837890625,
0.391265869140625,
0.052913665771484375,
0.007435798645019531,
0.4306182861328125,
0.12053680419921875,
0.4038848876953125,
0.120574951171875,
0.13697052001953125,
0.015277862548828125,
-0.15698528289794922,
0.02801513671875,
-0.45880126953125,
-0.07918930053710938,
-0.42205810546875,
-0.2792510986328125,
-0.75372314453125,
0.691650390625,
-0.198577880859375,
0.49981689453125,
0.0204470157623291,
-0.02545166015625,
-0.07947826385498047,
0.021970748901367188,
0.1966094970703125,
0.060515403747558594,
-0.11297225952148438,
0.15880393981933594,
-0.176055908203125,
-0.040562957525253296,
-0.00574493408203125,
0.1917572021484375,
0.2060375213623047,
0.2528076171875,
0.41656494140625,
0.12911224365234375,
-0.22666168212890625,
-0.523193359375,
0.09956741333007812,
0.4566650390625,
0.46533203125,
-0.02918243408203125,
0.6104736328125,
-0.4549560546875,
-0.005615234375,
0.325347900390625,
0.15759658813476562,
0.361083984375,
-0.013025283813476562,
0.2618255615234375,
0.17150115966796875,
0.490631103515625,
0.011533737182617188,
0.21010255813598633,
-0.03901100158691406,
-0.27960968017578125,
-0.04434943199157715,
0.42315673828125,
0.3626861572265625,
0.1358785629272461,
-0.3026580810546875,
-0.475341796875,
-0.07290416955947876,
-0.3308258056640625,
0.03145027160644531,
0.24554061889648438,
0.19719409942626953,
-0.37872314453125,
-0.6568603515625,
0.15136146545410156,
0.26493072509765625,
0.27276611328125,
0.166717529296875,
0.18837738037109375,
-0.1615447998046875,
-0.180084228515625,
-0.05647850036621094,
0.18414306640625,
0.546173095703125,
-0.4952392578125,
-0.689727783203125,
-1.369384765625,
0.423583984375,
0.2403564453125,
-0.18081283569335938,
0.30828094482421875,
-0.09227108955383301,
-0.2876129150390625,
0.52099609375,
0.019868135452270508,
0.5972900390625,
0.431610107421875,
-0.13477325439453125,
0.2574005126953125,
0.13186264038085938,
0.43011474609375,
-0.2602043151855469,
0.33868408203125,
0.054485321044921875,
0.09585380554199219,
0.08039569854736328,
0.06154441833496094,
-0.045070648193359375,
-0.26021575927734375,
0.18386459350585938,
0.496795654296875,
0.089385986328125,
0.07076072692871094,
0.2652130126953125,
0.18663787841796875,
-0.049216270446777344,
0.1224822998046875,
0.15960693359375,
0.75958251953125,
-0.18908309936523438,
0.401885986328125,
-0.007832527160644531,
0.359466552734375,
0.4553985595703125,
0.404632568359375,
-0.13642501831054688,
0.384552001953125,
0.75518798828125,
0.475677490234375,
-0.09116744995117188,
-0.07575798034667969,
-0.043865203857421875,
-0.0742330551147461,
-0.3043365478515625,
0.34100341796875,
0.62554931640625,
-0.34722900390625,
-0.248199462890625,
0.1444225311279297,
0.1025848388671875,
-0.18415069580078125,
-0.07532644271850586,
0.3048858642578125,
0.03427886962890625,
-0.15775299072265625,
0.473114013671875,
-0.06282234191894531,
0.338226318359375,
0.1830291748046875,
0.631103515625,
0.03923606872558594,
0.523223876953125,
-0.022748827934265137,
0.08052444458007812,
-0.2993011474609375,
0.03156256675720215,
0.013916373252868652,
0.08374595642089844,
0.18210983276367188,
0.5674285888671875,
-0.10446929931640625,
-0.07879972457885742,
0.2762889862060547,
-0.1342926025390625,
0.10909748077392578,
-0.3806304931640625,
0.2635040283203125,
0.014539718627929688,
0.1882781982421875,
-0.383636474609375,
0.0945138931274414,
0.72760009765625,
-0.451446533203125,
0.03214216232299805,
0.34651947021484375,
-0.22386932373046875,
-0.26560401916503906,
-0.10548210144042969,
-0.004819512367248535,
0.2713165283203125,
0.38360595703125,
-0.09772109985351562,
0.5632781982421875,
-0.19830322265625,
0.3933258056640625,
0.41552734375,
0.0035314559936523438,
-0.19197845458984375,
0.2471466064453125,
-0.20159149169921875,
-0.459564208984375,
-0.15036773681640625,
-0.15209197998046875,
-0.2353973388671875,
-0.08049774169921875,
0.06264591217041016,
0.20025634765625,
0.5250244140625,
-0.278594970703125,
0.439453125,
-0.520965576171875,
0.07824897766113281,
0.2415771484375,
0.476348876953125,
-0.3122100830078125,
-0.44091796875,
0.00274658203125,
0.65679931640625,
0.15105438232421875,
-0.20363616943359375,
-0.09070968627929688,
0.36181640625,
0.08465354144573212,
0.3354377746582031,
0.2838287353515625,
-0.42156982421875,
-0.15572357177734375,
0.11934089660644531,
-0.43133544921875,
0.301788330078125,
0.5679931640625,
-0.2213592529296875,
0.3674774169921875,
0.10573959350585938,
-0.17747879028320312,
-0.40184783935546875,
0.463226318359375,
0.4552001953125,
0.0010318756103515625,
0.547332763671875,
0.06302642822265625,
-0.12382316589355469,
-0.13024520874023438,
0.20908355712890625,
0.3450927734375,
0.033672332763671875,
0.2186737060546875,
0.3034210205078125,
0.039533138275146484,
0.07086372375488281,
0.556365966796875,
-0.09731483459472656,
-0.09870314598083496,
0.26268768310546875,
-0.12334847450256348,
-0.011531829833984375,
0.4293212890625,
0.344818115234375,
-0.14489364624023438,
-0.366485595703125,
0.09128415584564209,
0.15592193603515625,
0.22011566162109375,
0.055088043212890625,
0.09683799743652344,
-0.18793153762817383,
0.2704620361328125,
0.09163093566894531,
0.284698486328125,
-0.07285881042480469,
-0.19840431213378906,
0.01923370361328125,
0.3651580810546875,
0.11425018310546875,
0.36181640625,
0.32373046875,
-0.5584716796875,
0.16570532321929932,
-0.490936279296875,
-0.191162109375,
0.26031494140625,
-0.06431198120117188,
-0.3356475830078125,
-0.088470458984375,
-0.3388519287109375,
0.04342937469482422,
0.1410675048828125,
0.84942626953125,
-0.3213348388671875,
-0.11797332763671875,
0.23462677001953125,
0.19193649291992188,
0.48944091796875,
0.52197265625,
-0.0040111541748046875,
0.462554931640625,
0.486541748046875,
0.05107593536376953,
0.010555267333984375,
-0.2302703857421875,
-0.1974945068359375,
-0.054032325744628906,
-0.6998291015625,
0.18263626098632812,
-0.591094970703125,
0.95123291015625,
0.07068157196044922,
0.703704833984375,
-0.136749267578125,
-0.33062744140625,
-0.559295654296875,
-0.11069488525390625,
0.141693115234375,
0.2382049560546875,
0.30774688720703125,
-0.014104843139648438,
-0.04024243354797363,
0.16501617431640625,
-0.10691070556640625,
0.3632354736328125,
0.20674896240234375,
0.19259071350097656,
0.04755488783121109,
0.11057615280151367,
0.15610504150390625,
0.29901123046875,
-0.04278373718261719,
-0.1291351318359375,
0.427215576171875,
-0.2744598388671875,
-0.15718841552734375,
0.0754547119140625,
0.1070241928100586,
0.3553466796875,
-0.06308746337890625,
0.472198486328125,
-0.282623291015625,
0.423675537109375,
0.186614990234375,
0.465362548828125,
0.1975860595703125,
0.2730560302734375,
0.25191497802734375,
0.12529373168945312,
0.17584228515625,
0.1458282470703125,
0.10647296905517578,
0.052310943603515625,
-0.057448387145996094,
0.36627197265625,
-0.1360931396484375,
-0.32440185546875,
-0.2816925048828125,
-0.22593307495117188,
0.4953765869140625,
0.19176483154296875,
0.14972686767578125,
0.21813583374023438,
0.52301025390625,
0.2817230224609375,
0.007982730865478516,
-0.2566490173339844,
-0.298065185546875,
0.021933555603027344,
-0.11475372314453125,
0.2667236328125,
-0.31357574462890625,
0.2388916015625,
-0.025636672973632812,
0.3416748046875,
-0.03524923324584961,
0.08941559493541718,
0.1569843292236328,
-0.1168212890625,
0.14998531341552734,
-0.1711263656616211,
-0.17622756958007812,
0.2578277587890625,
0.14278411865234375,
0.234283447265625,
0.40826416015625,
4.19140625,
-0.06950187683105469,
0.28572845458984375,
0.022150039672851562,
0.09262275695800781,
-0.1957836151123047,
0.13542938232421875,
-0.550933837890625,
-0.0024929046630859375,
0.034252166748046875,
0.08613395690917969,
0.1635608673095703,
0.0235443115234375,
0.40313720703125,
0.232208251953125,
-0.2042694091796875,
0.406982421875,
-0.022092342376708984,
-0.2710113525390625,
0.222320556640625,
-0.26155853271484375,
0.2830162048339844,
0.398773193359375,
0.05578804016113281,
0.3663330078125,
-0.34490966796875,
-0.10462760925292969,
-0.13097763061523438,
0.5965576171875,
0.19297027587890625,
0.25274658203125,
-0.15414810180664062,
0.22109222412109375,
0.0352020263671875,
-0.6832275390625,
0.14508438110351562,
0.38916015625,
0.613922119140625,
0.15738677978515625,
0.500030517578125,
-0.3226318359375,
0.042980194091796875,
0.028336048126220703,
0.2438507080078125,
0.22626495361328125,
-0.218994140625,
0.006578922271728516,
0.29644775390625,
-0.07009673118591309,
0.4271697998046875,
-0.017777323722839355,
-0.168548583984375,
-0.07268142700195312,
-0.1998443603515625,
0.2194976806640625,
0.3826904296875,
0.336334228515625,
0.366363525390625,
0.27099609375,
0.0801687240600586,
0.021759510040283203,
-0.281036376953125,
0.22977066040039062,
0.000278472900390625,
0.14818954467773438,
0.16088104248046875,
0.2624473571777344,
0.3770790100097656,
0.28125762939453125,
0.2465057373046875,
0.38453033566474915,
0.35784912109375,
0.688232421875,
0.05358123779296875,
-0.190887451171875,
-0.062249183654785156,
0.07738876342773438,
0.014626502990722656,
-0.03137397766113281,
-0.011796951293945312,
0.09494781494140625,
-0.22913360595703125,
-0.10837936401367188,
-0.029239654541015625,
0.015244483947753906,
0.525177001953125,
-0.008550643920898438,
-0.17101478576660156,
0.438262939453125,
0.2269916534423828,
0.196746826171875,
-0.1027069091796875,
0.15420913696289062,
-0.008725404739379883,
0.4510650634765625,
-0.0376739501953125,
0.13321495056152344,
-3.96533203125,
0.4017333984375,
0.37139892578125,
-0.2513427734375,
0.07183647155761719,
0.14990997314453125,
0.1396942138671875,
0.26593017578125,
-0.13059234619140625,
0.08645057678222656,
-0.03623390197753906,
-0.16972732543945312,
-0.3092193603515625,
0.15869903564453125,
-0.19542694091796875,
0.431304931640625,
0.280853271484375,
0.065826416015625,
0.21043968200683594,
-0.2002105712890625,
-0.14719390869140625,
-0.020975112915039062,
0.389495849609375,
0.18051910400390625,
0.08875203132629395,
-0.10398101806640625,
-0.1318373680114746,
-0.09342193603515625,
-0.1541595458984375,
0.05300331115722656,
0.1548919677734375,
0.1892995834350586,
0.5296630859375,
-0.10390472412109375,
0.227142333984375,
0.194854736328125,
0.03923797607421875,
0.0838775634765625,
0.562744140625,
-0.0630035400390625,
-0.1080322265625,
-0.363006591796875,
0.414459228515625,
0.14159011840820312,
0.17606735229492188,
0.48870849609375,
-0.3529052734375,
0.031035423278808594,
-0.376251220703125,
-0.4072113037109375,
0.2264862060546875,
0.2790069580078125,
0.13523292541503906,
-0.044330596923828125,
0.5811767578125,
0.195404052734375,
-0.2222747802734375,
0.11669921875,
0.2837371826171875,
0.12094879150390625,
-0.1331310272216797,
0.33838653564453125,
0.03943610191345215,
0.2002425193786621,
0.3877105712890625,
0.24117660522460938,
0.07186031341552734,
0.11419296264648438,
0.2960052490234375,
-0.08596420288085938,
0.43634033203125,
0.11238861083984375,
0.344390869140625,
-0.054996490478515625,
0.027513504028320312,
0.3054351806640625,
-0.3449249267578125,
0.1070556640625,
0.77886962890625,
0.331512451171875,
-0.01880645751953125,
0.10043144226074219,
-0.371673583984375,
0.647705078125,
2.2239990234375,
0.057982444763183594,
2.266357421875,
0.279266357421875,
0.130096435546875,
0.8238525390625,
-0.06650257110595703,
-0.03290963172912598,
-0.05478110909461975,
0.15527725219726562,
-0.183135986328125,
0.210968017578125,
0.015285491943359375,
-0.16021728515625,
0.17705535888671875,
-0.09206628799438477,
0.45562744140625,
-0.99188232421875,
-0.034943342208862305,
-0.3762359619140625,
0.62677001953125,
-0.08367538452148438,
-0.2635498046875,
0.11775016784667969,
0.355682373046875,
-0.1761932373046875,
-0.14810752868652344,
0.004734039306640625,
0.026487350463867188,
0.032512664794921875,
0.07056999206542969,
-0.19235992431640625,
0.349395751953125,
-0.13919830322265625,
-0.0637054443359375,
0.05064105987548828,
-0.1569976806640625,
4.71533203125,
0.28008270263671875,
0.0816650390625,
-0.22836685180664062,
-0.0724029541015625,
0.326080322265625,
0.287689208984375,
-0.2039031982421875,
-0.08689308166503906,
-0.1906585693359375,
0.5255279541015625,
0.436370849609375,
0.126922607421875,
-0.16245269775390625,
0.40203857421875,
0.390167236328125,
0.3134613037109375,
0.018765687942504883,
0.471954345703125,
0.23471832275390625,
0.3906097412109375,
0.019216537475585938,
0.05720710754394531,
-0.21498870849609375,
-0.08274555206298828,
0.11725616455078125,
-0.0436859130859375,
-0.30622100830078125,
0.016427040100097656,
0.22061920166015625,
0.5362548828125,
5.42724609375,
0.13684844970703125,
0.13077640533447266,
0.09422683715820312,
0.021587371826171875,
0.3049163818359375,
0.19570159912109375,
0.12174034118652344,
-0.218414306640625,
-0.04756736755371094,
-0.013311386108398438,
0.11585807800292969,
-0.3167877197265625,
0.016357421875,
0.11390304565429688,
0.09454011917114258,
-0.2799530029296875,
-0.007771492004394531,
0.23496246337890625,
-0.483123779296875,
0.556427001953125,
0.3300628662109375,
0.012098312377929688,
-0.653350830078125,
-0.18389892578125,
-0.19489765167236328,
0.0067081451416015625,
0.19373321533203125,
-0.034033775329589844,
0.015272140502929688,
0.2230682373046875,
-0.012838363647460938,
-0.24942779541015625,
0.461456298828125,
-0.52410888671875,
0.4423370361328125,
0.489410400390625,
-0.06026601791381836,
-0.0069026947021484375,
-0.3330078125,
0.558380126953125,
0.3010368347167969,
-0.25652313232421875,
0.1666107177734375,
-0.3747711181640625,
-0.17343521118164062,
-0.15172576904296875,
-0.20082855224609375,
-0.10245323181152344,
-0.26800537109375,
0.517822265625,
0.07791328430175781,
1.18994140625,
0.3370819091796875,
0.289642333984375,
0.2734832763671875,
0.14365768432617188,
-0.0173647403717041,
-0.07864665985107422,
-0.41351318359375,
0.05417335033416748,
0.11446380615234375,
-0.08655166625976562,
0.3860931396484375,
0.14684295654296875,
0.1595458984375,
0.1947021484375,
-0.15345382690429688,
0.62725830078125,
-0.26175689697265625,
0.232269287109375,
0.12455940246582031,
-0.03171730041503906,
0.386199951171875,
0.2239227294921875,
0.3264617919921875,
0.3563690185546875,
-0.23541259765625,
0.02629232406616211,
0.01524430513381958,
-0.234344482421875,
-0.26580810546875,
-0.201873779296875,
-0.00112152099609375,
0.11560821533203125,
0.08217144012451172,
-0.07120323181152344,
-0.012851715087890625,
0.25405120849609375,
0.23940277099609375,
0.2200927734375,
0.08892250061035156,
-0.021217823028564453,
0.84271240234375,
-0.0825386643409729,
0.47418212890625,
0.142333984375,
0.16205596923828125,
-0.0051746368408203125,
0.280975341796875,
-0.1172490119934082,
-0.02418661117553711,
0.26275634765625,
-0.10920143127441406,
0.35284423828125,
-0.046993255615234375,
-0.26676177978515625,
0.13001251220703125,
0.37172698974609375,
-0.01165771484375,
0.24493408203125,
0.27655792236328125,
0.12955570220947266,
-0.277862548828125,
-0.1758880615234375
] |