title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: The four top scorers in the tournament had five goals each. All of the four top scorers also came from the teams that finished in the top four, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, and Uruguay. The Golden Boot went to Thomas Müller of Germany who had three assists, compared to one for the three others. The Silver Boot went to David Villa of Spain, who played a total of 635 minutes, and the Bronze Boot to Wesley Sneijder of the Netherlands, who played 652 minutes. Diego Forlán of Uruguay had five goals and one assist in 654 minutes. A further three players scored four goals.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Only 145 goals were scored at South Africa 2010, the lowest of any FIFA World Cup since the tournament switched to a 64-game format. This continued a downward trend since the first 64-game finals were held 12 years earlier, with 171 goals at France 1998, 161 at Korea/Japan 2002 and 147 at Germany 2006.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: 28 players were suspended after being shown two consecutive yellow cards (13 players), a single red card (8 players), or a yellow card followed by a red card (7 players).


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Shortly after the final, FIFA issued a final ranking of every team in the tournament. The ranking was based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition. All 32 teams are ranked based on criteria which have been used by FIFA. The final ranking was as follows:


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: For the first time, FIFA published a Dream Team decided by an online public vote. People were invited to select a team (in a 4–4–2 formation) and best coach; voting was open until 23:59 on 11 July 2010, with entrants going into a draw to win a prize.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Six of the eleven players came from the Spanish team, as did the coach. The remainder of the team comprised two players from Germany, and one each from Brazil, the Netherlands and Uruguay.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: The sponsors of the 2010 World Cup are divided into three categories: FIFA Partners, FIFA World Cup Sponsors and National Supporters.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: The 2010 finals amplified international public awareness of the vuvuzela, a long horn blown by fans throughout matches. Many World Cup competitors complained about the noise caused by the vuvuzela horns, including France's Patrice Evra, who blamed the horns for the team's poor performance. Other critics include Lionel Messi, who complained that the sound of the vuvuzelas hampered communication among players on the pitch, and broadcasting companies, which complained that commentators' voices were drowned out by the sound.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Others watching on television complained that the ambient audio feed from the stadium contained only the sounds of the vuvuzelas with the usual sounds of people in the stands drowned out. A spokesperson for ESPN and other networks said that they were taking steps to minimise the ambient noise on their broadcasts. The BBC also investigated the possibility of offering broadcasts without vuvuzela noise.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: The official mascot for the 2010 World Cup was "Zakumi", an anthropomorphised African leopard with green hair, presented on 22 September 2008. His name came from "ZA" (the international abbreviation for South Africa) and the term "kumi", which means "ten" in various African languages. The mascot's colours reflected those of the host nation's playing strip – yellow and green.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: The match ball for the 2010 World Cup, manufactured by Adidas, was named the "Jabulani", which means ""bringing joy to everyone"" in Zulu. It was the 11th World Cup match ball made by the German sports equipment maker; it featured 11 colours, representing each player of a team on the pitch and the 11 official languages of South Africa. A special match ball with gold panels, called the "Jo'bulani", was used at the final in Johannesburg.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: The ball was constructed using a new design, consisting of eight thermally bonded, three-dimensional panels. These were spherically moulded from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The surface of the ball was textured with grooves, a technology developed by Adidas called GripnGroove that was intended to improve the ball's aerodynamics. The design received considerable academic input, being developed in partnership with researchers from Loughborough University, United Kingdom. The balls were made in China, using latex bladders made in India, thermoplastic polyurethane-elastomer from Taiwan, ethylene vinyl acetate, isotropic polyester/cotton fabric, and glue and ink from China.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Some football stars complained about the new ball, arguing that its movements were difficult to predict. Brazilian goalkeeper Júlio César compared it to a "supermarket" ball that favored strikers and worked against goalkeepers. Argentinian coach Diego Maradona said: "We won't see any long passes in this World Cup because the ball doesn't fly straight." However, a number of Adidas-sponsored players responded favourably to the ball.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: The official song of the 2010 World Cup "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)", was performed by the Colombian singer Shakira and the band Freshlyground from South Africa, and is sung in both English and Spanish. The song is based on a traditional African soldiers' song, "Zangalewa". Shakira and Freshlyground performed the song at the pre-tournament concert in Soweto on 10 June. It was also sung at the opening ceremony on 11 June and at the closing ceremony on 11 July.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: The official anthem of the 2010 World Cup was "Sign of a Victory" by R. Kelly with the Soweto Spiritual Singers, which was also performed at the opening ceremony.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Tournament organiser Danny Jordaan dismissed concerns that the attack on the Togo national team which took place in Angola in January 2010 had any relevance to the security arrangements for the World Cup. There were also reports of thefts against visitors to the country for the World Cup. Tourists from China, Portugal, Spain, South Korea, Japan and Colombia had become victims of crime. On 19 June after the match between England and Algeria, a fan was able to break through the FIFA-appointed security staff at Green Point stadium and gain access to the England team dressing room. The breach took place shortly after Prince William and Prince Harry had left the room. The trespasser was then released before he could be handed over to the Police. The Football Association lodged a formal complaint with FIFA and demanded that security be increased.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: As with many "hallmark events" throughout the world, the 2010 FIFA World Cup has been connected to evictions, which many claim are meant to 'beautify the city', impress visiting tourists, and hide shackdwellers. On 14 May 2009, the Durban-based shack-dwellers' movement Abahlali baseMjondolo took the KwaZulu-Natal government to court over their controversial Elimination and Prevention of Re-Emergence of Slums Act, meant to eliminate slums in South Africa and put homeless shackdwellers in transit camps in time for the 2010 World Cup.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Another prominent controversy surrounding preparations for the World Cup was the N2 Gateway housing project in Cape Town, which planned to remove over 20,000 residents from the Joe Slovo Informal Settlement along the busy N2 Freeway and build rental flats and bond-houses in its place in time for the 2010 World Cup. NGOs, international human rights organisations, and the Anti-Eviction Campaign have publicly criticised the conditions in Blikkiesdorp and said that the camp has been used to accommodate poor families evicted to make way for the 2010 World Cup.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: However some have argued that evictions are ordinarily common in South Africa and that in the lead up to the tournament many evictions were erroneously ascribed to the World Cup.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Some groups experienced complications in regards to scheduled sporting events, advertising, or broadcasting, as FIFA attempted to maximise control of media rights during the Cup. Affected parties included an international rugby union Test match, a South African airline and some TV networks, all of whom were involved in various legal struggles with World Cup organisers.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: During the tournament, group ticket-holders who did not utilise all their allotted tickets led to some early-round matches having as many as 11,000 unoccupied seats.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: While the event did help to boost the image of South Africa, it turned out to be a major financial disappointment. Construction costs for venues and infrastructure amounted to £3 billion (€3.6 billion), and the government expected that increased tourism would help to offset these costs to the amount of £570 million (€680 million). However, only £323 million (€385 million) were actually taken in as 309,000 foreign fans came to South Africa, well below the expected number of 450,000.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Local vendors were prohibited from selling food and merchandise within a 1.5 kilometre radius of any stadium hosting a World Cup match. For a vendor to operate within the radius, a registration fee of R60,000 (approximately US$7,888 or €6,200) had to be paid to FIFA. This fee was out of most local vendors' reach, as they are simple one-man-operated vendors. This prevented international visitors from experiencing local South African food. Some local vendors felt cheated out of an opportunity for financial gain and spreading South African culture in favour of multinational corporations.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: FIFA president Sepp Blatter declared the event "a huge financial success for everybody, for Africa, for South Africa and for FIFA," with revenue to FIFA of £2.24 billion (€2 billion).


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: In a December 2010 "Quality Progress", FIFA President Blatter rated South Africa's organisational efforts a nine out of 10 scale, declaring that South Africa could be considered a plan B for all future competitions. The South African Quality Institute (SAQI) assisted in facility construction, event promotion, and organisations. The main issue listed in the article was lack of sufficient public transportation.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: The 2010 FIFA World Cup was expected to be the most-watched television event in history. Hundreds of broadcasters, representing about 70 countries, transmitted the Cup to a TV audience that FIFA officials expect to exceed a cumulative 26 billion people, an average of approximately 400 million viewers per match. FIFA estimated that around 700 million viewers would watch the World Cup final.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: New forms of digital media have also allowed viewers to watch coverage through alternative means. "With games airing live on cell phones and computers, the World Cup will get more online coverage than any major sporting event yet," said Jake Coyle of the Associated Press.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: In the United States, ABC, ESPN, and ESPN2 averaged a 2.1 rating, 2,288,000 households and 3,261,000 viewers for the 64 World Cup games. The rating was up 31 percent from a 1.6 in 2006, while households increased 32 percent from 1,735,000 and viewers rose from 2,316,000. The increases had been higher while the US remained in the tournament. Through the first 50 games, the rating was up 48 percent, households increased 54 percent and viewers rose 60 percent. Univision averaged 2,624,000 viewers for the tournament, up 17 percent, and 1,625,000 households, an increase of 11 percent. An executive of the Nielsen Company, a leading audience research firm in the US, described the aggregate numbers for both networks' coverage of the match between the United States and Ghana as "phenomenal". Live World Cup streaming on ESPN3.com pulled in some of the largest audiences in history, as 7.4 million unique viewers tuned in for matches. In total, ESPN3.com generated 942 million minutes of viewing or more than two hours per unique viewer. All 64 live matches were viewed by an average of 114,000 persons per minute. Most impressive were the numbers for the semi-final between Spain and Germany, which was viewed by 355,000 people per minute, making it ESPN3.com's largest average audience ever.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: Sony technology was used to film the tournament. 25 of the matches were captured using 3D cameras. Footage was captured in 3D through Sony's proprietary multi-image MPE-200 processors, housed in specially designed 3D outside broadcast trucks. It supplied its flagship HDC-1500 cameras as well as its new HDC-P1 unit, a compact, point-of-view (POV)-type camera with 3, 2/3-inch CCD sensors. The 3D games were produced for FIFA by Host Broadcast Services.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: In PlayStation Home, Sony released a virtual space based on the 2010 FIFA World Cup in the Japanese version of Home on 3 December 2009. This virtual space is called the "FevaArena" and is a virtual stadium of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, featuring different areas for events, a FIFA mini-game, and a shop with FIFA related content.


title: 2010 FIFA World Cup

text: FIFA expanded the FIFA Fan Fest, hosting in Sydney, Buenos Aires, Berlin, Paris, Rome, Rio de Janeiro, and Mexico City, as well as several venues around South Africa. The Durban Fan Fest was the most popular in South Africa during the tournament followed by the Cape Town Fan Fest.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Michelle Marie Pfeiffer (; born April 29, 1958) is an American actress and producer. A prolific performer whose screen work spans over four decades, she became one of Hollywood's most bankable stars and popular sex symbols during the 1980s and 1990s. She has received numerous accolades, including a Golden Globe Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for three Academy Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award. In 2007, she was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer briefly studied court stenography before deciding to pursue acting. Beginning her career with minor television and film appearances in 1978, she attained her first leading role in "Grease 2" (1982), which underperformed critically and commercially. Disillusioned with being typecast in nondescript roles as attractive women, she actively sought more challenging material, earning her breakout role in 1983 as gangster moll Elvira Hancock in "Scarface". She achieved further success with roles in "The Witches of Eastwick" (1987) and "Married to the Mob" (1988), for which she was nominated for her first of six consecutive Golden Globe Awards. Her performances in "Dangerous Liaisons" (1988) and "The Fabulous Baker Boys" (1989) earned her two consecutive Academy Award nominations, for Best Supporting Actress and Best Actress respectively, winning a Golden Globe Award for the latter.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeifer went on to establish herself as one of the highest-paid actresses of the 1990s. She portrayed Catwoman in "Batman Returns" (1992), received her third Academy Award nomination for "Love Field" (1992), drew praise for her performances in "The Age of Innocence" (1993) and "Wolf" (1994), and produced several of her own star vehicles under her company, Via Rosa Productions, including "Dangerous Minds" (1995). Opting to focus on her family, she acted sporadically throughout the 2000s and the first half of the 2010s. In 2007, she played villainous roles in the blockbusters "Hairspray" and "Stardust". Pfeiffer returned to prominence in 2017 with performances in "Where Is Kyra?," "Mother!", and "Murder on the Orient Express", and received her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for portraying Ruth Madoff in "The Wizard of Lies". She debuted in the Marvel Cinematic Universe as The Wasp in "Ant-Man and the Wasp" (2018), before earning her eighth Golden Globe Award nomination for "French Exit" (2020).


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Michelle Marie Pfeiffer was born on April 29, 1958, in Santa Ana, California, the second of four children of Donna Jean (née Taverna; 1932–2018), a housewife, and Richard Pfeiffer (1933–1998), an air-conditioning contractor. She has an older brother, Rick (born 1955), and two younger sisters, Dedee Pfeiffer (born 1964), a television and film actress, and Lori Pfeiffer (born 1965). Her parents were both originally from North Dakota. Her paternal grandfather was of German ancestry and her paternal grandmother was of English, Welsh, French, Irish, and Dutch descent, while her maternal grandfather was of Swiss-German-Italian descent and her maternal grandmother of Swedish ancestry. The family moved to Midway City, another Orange County community around seven miles (11 km) away, where Pfeiffer spent her early years.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer attended Fountain Valley High School, graduating in 1976. She worked as a check-out girl at Vons supermarket, and attended Golden West College where she was a member of Alpha Delta Pi sorority. After a short stint training to be a court stenographer, she decided upon an acting career. She won the Miss Orange County beauty pageant in 1978, and participated in the Miss California contest the same year, finishing in sixth place. Following her participation in these pageants, she acquired an acting agent and began to audition for television and films.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer made her acting debut in 1978, in a one-episode appearance of "Fantasy Island". Other roles on television series followed, including "Delta House", "CHiPs", "Enos" and "B.A.D. Cats", as well as in the made-for-CBS film "The Solitary Man" (1979). Pfeiffer transitioned to film with the comedy "The Hollywood Knights" (1980), with Tony Danza, appearing as high school sweethearts. She subsequently played supporting roles in "Falling in Love Again" (1980) with Susannah York and "Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen" (1981), none of which met with much critical or box office success. She appeared in a television commercial for Lux soap, and took acting lessons at the Beverly Hills Playhouse, before appearing in three 1981 television movies – "Callie and Son", with Lindsay Wagner, "The Children Nobody Wanted" and "Splendor in the Grass".


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer obtained her first major film role as the female lead in "Grease 2" (1982), the sequel to the smash-hit musical film "Grease" (1978). With only a few television roles and small film appearances, the 23-year-old Pfeiffer was an unknown actress when she attended the casting call audition for the role, but according to director Patricia Birch, she won the part because she "has a quirky quality you don't expect". The film was a critical and commercial failure, but "The New York Times" remarked: "[A]lthough she is a relative screen newcomer, Miss Pfeiffer manages to look much more insouciant and comfortable than anyone else in the cast." Despite escaping the critical mauling, her agent later admitted that her association with the film meant that "she couldn't get any jobs. Nobody wanted to hire her." On her early screen roles, she asserted: "I needed to learn how to act ... in the meantime, I was playing bimbos and cashing in on my looks."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Director Brian De Palma, having seen "Grease 2", refused to audition Pfeiffer for "Scarface" (1983), but relented at the insistence of Martin Bregman, the film's producer. She was cast as cocaine-addicted trophy wife Elvira Hancock. The film was considered excessively violent by most critics, but became a commercial hit and gained a large cult following in subsequent years. Pfeiffer received positive reviews for her supporting turn; Richard Corliss of "Time Magazine" wrote, "most of the large cast is fine: Michelle Pfeiffer is better ..." while Dominick Dunne, in an article for "Vanity Fair" titled "Blonde Ambition", wrote, "[s]he is on the verge of stardom. In the parlance of the industry, she is hot."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Following "Scarface", she played Diana in John Landis' comedy "Into the Night" (1985), with Jeff Goldblum; Isabeau d'Anjou in Richard Donner's fantasy film "Ladyhawke" (1985), with Rutger Hauer and Matthew Broderick; Faith Healy in Alan Alda's "Sweet Liberty" (1986), with Michael Caine; and Brenda Landers in a segment of the 1950s sci-fi parody "Amazon Women on the Moon" (1987), all of which, despite achieving only modest commercial success, helped to establish her as an actress. She finally scored a major box-office hit as Sukie Ridgemont in the 1987 adaptation of John Updike's novel "The Witches of Eastwick", with Jack Nicholson, Cher, and Susan Sarandon. The film received positive reviews and grossed over $63.7 million domestically, equivalent to $ million in dollars, becoming one of her earliest critical and commercial successes. Praising their comedic timing, Roger Ebert wrote that Pfeiffer and her female co-stars each "have a delicious good time with their roles", while the "Los Angeles Times" film critic Sheila Benson said Pfeiffer makes her character "a warm, irresistible character."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer was cast against type, as a murdered gangster's widow, in Jonathan Demme's mafia comedy "Married to the Mob" (1988), with Matthew Modine, Dean Stockwell and Mercedes Ruehl. For the role of Angela de Marco, she donned a curly brunette wig and a Brooklyn accent, and received her first Golden Globe Award nomination as Best Actress in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, beginning a six-year streak of consecutive Best Actress nominations at the Golden Globes. Pfeiffer then appeared as chic restaurateuse Jo Ann Vallenari in "Tequila Sunrise" (1988) with Mel Gibson and Kurt Russell, but experienced creative and personal differences with director Robert Towne, who later described her as the "most difficult" actress he has ever worked with.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: At Demme's personal recommendation, Pfeiffer joined the cast of Stephen Frears's "Dangerous Liaisons" (1988), with Glenn Close and John Malkovich, playing Madame Marie de Tourvel, the virtuous victim of seduction. Hal Hinson of "The Washington Post" saw Pfeiffer's role as "the least obvious and the most difficult. Nothing is harder to play than virtue, and Pfeiffer is smart enough not to try. Instead, she embodies it. Her porcelain-skinned beauty, in this regard, is a great asset, and the way it's used makes it seem an aspect of her spirituality." She won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer then accepted the role of Susie Diamond, a hard-edged former call girl turned lounge singer, in "The Fabulous Baker Boys" (1989), which also starred Jeff Bridges and Beau Bridges as the eponymous Baker Boys. She underwent intense voice training for the role for four months, and performed all of her character's vocals. The film was a modest success, grossing $18.4 million in the US (equivalent to $ million in dollars ). Her portrayal of Susie, however, drew unanimous acclaim from critics. Critic Roger Ebert compared her to Rita Hayworth in "Gilda" and to Marilyn Monroe in "Some Like It Hot", adding that the film was "one of the movies they will use as a document, years from now, when they begin to trace the steps by which Pfeiffer became a great star". During the 1989–1990 awards season, Pfeiffer won as Best Actress at the Golden Globes, the National Board of Review, the National Society of Film Critics, the New York Film Critics Circle, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and the Chicago Film Critics Association. Pfeiffer's performance as Susie is considered to be the most critically acclaimed of her career. The scene in which her character seductively performs "Makin' Whoopee" atop a grand piano is considered to be a memorable scene in modern cinema.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: In 1990, Pfeiffer formed her own film production company, Via Rosa Productions, with business partner Kate Guinzburg, whom she had met on the set of "Sweet Liberty" (1986). The company was under a picture deal with Touchstone Pictures, a film label of The Walt Disney Studios. That year, Pfeiffer began earning $1 million per film, and took on the part of the Soviet book editor Katya Orlova in the film adaptation of John le Carré's "The Russia House", with Sean Connery, a role that required her to adopt a Russian accent. For her efforts, she was rewarded with a Golden Globe nomination for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. Pfeiffer then landed the role of damaged waitress Frankie in Garry Marshall's "Frankie and Johnny" (1991), a film adaptation of Terrence McNally's Broadway play "Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune", which reunited her with her "Scarface" co-star, Al Pacino. The casting was seen as controversial by many, as Pfeiffer was considered far too beautiful to play an "ordinary" waitress; Kathy Bates, the original Frankie on Broadway, also expressed disappointment over the producers' choice. Pfeiffer herself stated that she took the role because it "wasn't what people would expect of [her]". Pfeiffer was once again nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama for her performance.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer took on the role of Selina Kyle–Catwoman in Tim Burton's superhero film "Batman Returns" (1992), opposite Michael Keaton and Danny DeVito, after Annette Bening dropped out because of her pregnancy. For the role, she trained in martial arts and kickboxing. Pfeiffer received unanimous critical acclaim for her portrayal, which is often referred to as the greatest performance of Catwoman of all time by critics and fans. "Premiere" retrospectively stated: "Arguably the outstanding villain of the Tim Burton era, Michelle Pfeiffer's deadly kitten with a whip brought sex to the normally neutered franchise. Her stitched-together, black patent leather costume, based on a sketch of Burton's, remains the character's most iconic look. And Michelle Pfeiffer overcomes "Batman Returns" heavy-handed feminist dialogue to deliver a growling, fierce performance." "Batman Returns" was a big box office success, grossing over US$267 million worldwide.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: The first film her company produced was the independent drama "Love Field", which was released in 1992. Reviewers embraced the film and "The New York Times" felt that Pfeiffer was "again demonstrating that she is as subtle and surprising as she is beautiful". For her portrayal of an eccentric Dallas, Texas housewife, she earned nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe for Best Actress – Drama and won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival. In Martin Scorsese's period drama "The Age of Innocence" (1993), a film adaptation of Edith Wharton's 1920 novel, Pfeiffer starred with Daniel Day-Lewis and Winona Ryder, portraying a Countess in upper-class New York City in the 1870s. For her role, she received the Elvira Notari Prize at the Venice Film Festival, and a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress – Motion Picture. That year, she was awarded the Women in Film Los Angeles' Crystal Award.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Following the formation of her producing company, Via Rosa Productions, Pfeiffer saw a professional expansion as a producer. While she continued to act steadily throughout the decade, she and her producing partner Guinzburg experienced a winning streak of producing back to back films next under their header. She starred with Jack Nicholson in the 1994 horror film "Wolf", portraying the sardonic and willful interest of a writer who becomes a wolf-man at night after being bitten by a creature. The film was released to a mixed critical reception; "The New York Times" wrote: "Ms. Pfeiffer's role is underwritten, but her performance is expert enough to make even diffidence compelling." "Wolf" was a commercial success, grossing US$65 million (equivalent to $ million in ) at the domestic box office and US$131 million worldwide (equivalent to $ million).


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer's next role was that of high school teacher and former United States Marine LouAnne Johnson in the drama "Dangerous Minds" (1995), co-produced by her company. She appeared as her character in the music video for the soundtrack's lead single, "Gangsta's Paradise" by Coolio, featuring L.V.; the song won the 1996 Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance, and the video won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Rap Video. While "Dangerous Minds" received negative reviews, it was a box office success, grossing US$179.5 million around the globe. In 1996, Pfeiffer portrayed Sally Atwater in the romantic drama "Up Close & Personal", with Robert Redford, took on the titular role in the drama "To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday", which was adapted by her husband David Kelley from Michael Brady's play of the same name, and served as an executive producer and starred as the divorced single mother architect Melanie Parker in the romantic comedy "One Fine Day", with George Clooney.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Subsequent performances included Rose Cook Lewis in the film adaptation of Jane Smiley's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "A Thousand Acres" (1997) with Jessica Lange and Jennifer Jason Leigh; Beth Cappadora in "The Deep End of the Ocean" (1998) about a married couple who found their son who was kidnapped nine years ago; Titania the Queen of the Fairies in "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (1999) with Kevin Kline, Rupert Everett and Stanley Tucci; and Katie Jordan in Rob Reiner's comedy drama "The Story of Us" (1999) with Bruce Willis. Pfeiffer voiced Tzipporah, a spirited shepherdess who becomes the wife of Moses (Val Kilmer), in the animated biblical drama film "The Prince of Egypt" (1998). She starred alongside an all-star voice cast that included Ralph Fiennes, Sandra Bullock and Patrick Stewart. "A Thousand Acres" and "The Deep End of the Ocean" were also produced by Via Rosa Productions.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer chose to begin the process of dissolving her film production company, Via Rosa Productions, in 1999, and moved into semi-retirement in order to spend more quality time with her children and family, meaning that she would continue to star in films sporadically into the 2000s and beyond. Pfeiffer handed her producing partner Guinzburg one final film to produce under the Via Rosa Productions header. The film was called "Original Sin" (2001). It was originally intended to star Pfeiffer, who later changed her mind as she was looking to work less for a while. The film was produced by her company, but instead starred Angelina Jolie and Antonio Banderas.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: In "What Lies Beneath" (2000), a Hitchcockian thriller directed by Robert Zemeckis, Pfeiffer and Harrison Ford starred as a well-to-do couple who experience a strange haunting that uncovers secrets about their past. While critical response towards the film was mixed, it opened atop at the box office, and went on to gross US$291 million worldwide. She then accepted the role of Rita Harrison, a highly strung lawyer helping a father with a developmental disability, in the drama "I Am Sam" (2001), with Sean Penn. Despite grossing $97.8 million worldwide, the film was unfavourably reviewed by critics; "Seattle Post-Intelligencer" wrote: "Pfeiffer, apparently stymied by the bland clichés that prop up her screechy role, delivers her flattest, phoniest performance ever." Meanwhile, "SF Gate" observed: "In one scene, she breaks down in tears as she unburdens herself to him about her miserable life. It's hard not to cringe, watching this emotionally ready actress fling herself headlong into false material."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer took on the role of a murderous artist, named Ingrid Magnussen, in the drama "White Oleander" (2002), with Alison Lohman (in her film début), Renée Zellweger and Robin Wright. The film was a critical and commercial success in its arthouse release. Stephen Holden of "The New York Times" wrote that "Ms. Pfeiffer, giving the most complex screen performance of her career, makes her Olympian seductress at once irresistible and diabolical." Kenneth Turan of the "Los Angeles Times" described her as "incandescent", bringing "power and unshakable will to her role as mother-master manipulator" in a "riveting, impeccable performance". She earned Best Supporting Actress Awards from the San Diego Film Critics Society and the Kansas City Film Critics Circle, as well as a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: In 2003, Pfeiffer lent her voice for the character of goddess of chaos Eris in "", an animated film featuring Brad Pitt as the voice of Sinbad the Sailor. She had struggles with finding the character's villainies. Initially the character was "too sexual", then she lacked fun. After the third rewrite, Pfeiffer called producer Jeffrey Katzenberg and told him "You know, you really can fire me," but he assured her that this was just part of the process. Following the release of the film, she took a four-year hiatus from acting, during which she remained largely out of the public eye to devote time to her husband and children. During this time, she turned down the role of the White Witch in the fantasy film "" (2005), which went to Tilda Swinton.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer returned to cinemas in 2007 with villainous roles in two summer blockbusters, "Hairspray" and "Stardust", In the former, a film adaptation of the Broadway musical of the same name, she starred alongside John Travolta, Christopher Walken and Queen Latifah as Velma Von Tussle, the racist manager of a television station. Although a fan of Pfeiffer's work in the musicals "Grease 2" and "The Fabulous Baker Boys", director Adam Shankman cast Pfeiffer largely based on her performance in "Batman Returns", claiming she was his first and only choice for Velma. Although she had fun with the part, Pfeiffer described Velma as the most difficult role she had played at the time, because of her character's racism; but she was drawn to the film's important message of anti-bigotry, accepting that "in order to do a movie about racism, somebody has got to be the racist". Released to widely positive reviews, "Hairspray" grossed $202.5 million worldwide. Pfeiffer's performance was also critically acclaimed, with film critic David Edelstein of NPR calling her "sublime". The cast of "Hairspray" was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Cast in a Motion Picture, and won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast, the Hollywood Film Festival Award for Ensemble of the Year, and the Palm Springs International Film Festival Award for Ensemble Cast. In the fantasy adventure "Stardust", Pfeiffer plays Lamia, an ancient witch who hunts a fallen star (Claire Danes) in search of eternal youth. The film received mostly positive reviews but performed moderately at the box office, earning $135.5 million globally. "The New York Times" film critic Stephen Holden described Pfeiffer as "as deliciously evil a witch as the movies have ever invented", writing that she "goes for broke with the relish of a star who figures she has nothing to lose."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer starred in Amy Heckerling's romantic comedy "I Could Never Be Your Woman" (2007), with Paul Rudd and Saoirse Ronan, portraying Rosie, a 40-year-old divorced mother working as a scriptwriter and producer for a television show who falls in love with a much younger man (Rudd). Her reported salary was US$1 million, with an advance on 15 percent of the gross. However, the film was only distributed on home video markets domestically. Reviews for "I Could Never Be Your Woman" were moderately positive, with critic James Berardinelli finding Pfeiffer and Rudd to "have adequate chemistry to pull off the romance," in what he described as an "enjoyable romantic comedy that has enough going for it to make it worth a recommendation."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer starred in "Personal Effects", with Ashton Kutcher, playing two grieving people coping with the pain and frustration of their loss whose bond spawns an unlikely romance. The drama premiered at Iowa City's Englert Theatre in December 2008. Her next film, an adaptation of Colette's "Chéri", reunited her with the director (Stephen Frears) and screenwriter (Christopher Hampton) of "Dangerous Liaisons" (1988). Pfeiffer played the role of aging retired courtesan Léa de Lonval, with Rupert Friend in the title role, with Kathy Bates as his mother. "Chéri" premiered at the 2009 Berlin International Film Festival, where it received a nomination for the Golden Bear award. "The Times" of London reviewed the film favorably, describing Hampton's screenplay as a "steady flow of dry quips and acerbic one-liners" and Pfeiffer's performance as "magnetic and subtle, her worldly nonchalance a mask for vulnerability and heartache". Roger Ebert in the "Chicago Sun-Times" wrote that it was "fascinating to observe how Pfeiffer controls her face and voice during times of painful hurt". Kenneth Turan in the "Los Angeles Times" praised the "wordless scenes that catch Léa unawares, with the camera alone seeing the despair and regret that she hides from the world. It's the kind of refined, delicate acting Pfeiffer does so well, and it's a further reminder of how much we've missed her since she's been away."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Following a two-year sabbatical from acting, Pfeiffer made part of a large ensemble cast in Garry Marshall's romantic comedy "New Year's Eve" (2011), her second collaboration with Marshall after "Frankie and Johnny". The film, also starring Halle Berry, Jessica Biel, Robert De Niro, Josh Duhamel, Zac Efron, Sarah Jessica Parker, and Sofía Vergara, among many others, saw her take on the supporting role of Ingrid Withers, an overwhelmed secretary befriending a deliveryman (Efron). While the film was panned by critics, it made US$142 million worldwide. In 2012, she appeared with Chris Pine and Elizabeth Banks in the drama "People Like Us", as the mother of a struggling New York City corporate trader (Pine). "Rolling Stone" found her to be "luminous" in the film, and "The New York Times", positively pointing out Pfeiffer and Banks, noted that their performances "partly compensate for the holes in a story whose timing is hard to swallow". "People Like Us" debuted to US$4.26 million, described as "meager" by Box Office Mojo, and only made US$12 million in North America.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfieffer reunited with Tim Burton, her "Batman Returns" director, in "Dark Shadows" (2012), based on the gothic television soap opera of the same name. In the film, co-starring Johnny Depp, Eva Green, Helena Bonham Carter and Chloë Grace Moretz, she played Elizabeth Collins Stoddard, the matriarch of the Collins family. Critical response towards the film was mixed, but writers acclaimed the actors' performances—most notably Depp and Pfeiffer's. "IGN" found her to be "commanding" in her role and felt that the main characters were "played by one of Burton's best ensemble casts yet". While "Dark Shadows" grossed a modest US$79.7 million in North America, it ultimately made US$245.5 million globally. In Luc Besson's mob-comedy "The Family" (2013), co-starring Robert De Niro, Tommy Lee Jones, Dianna Agron and John D'Leo, she played the "tough mother" in a Mafia family wanting to change their lives under the witness protection program. Although reviews for the film were mixed, "THV11" said on the cast's portrayals: "The core actors of "The Family" were really solid, and the whole film comes together to make a solid movie." Meanwhile, "The Huffington Post" felt that "De Niro, Pfieffer and Jones all brought 100% to their roles." The film grossed US$78.4 million worldwide.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer stated that her lack of acting throughout the 2000s was due to several reasons, including family matters and her approach to choosing roles. She stated she was intending to "work a lot" once her children left for college, mentioning that she felt her best performance was "still in her", saying how that's what she felt kept her her going. The slew of screen work that would follow in 2017 would prompt the media to dub her career resurgence a "Pfeiffer-sance". In the independent drama "Where Is Kyra?", she starred as a sensitive and fragile woman who loses her mother and "faces a crisis in which she must find a means for survival, all the while hiding her struggles from her new lover". The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2017, and received a limited release on April 6, 2018, to critical acclaim; Her role as "Kyra" was dubbed the "performance of her life" by "Village Voice"'s Bilge Ebiri, and "the performance of her career", by "Rolling Stone".


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer landed the role of Ruth Madoff for the HBO Films drama "The Wizard of Lies", based on the book of the same name. The film, directed by Barry Levinson, reunites her with actor Robert De Niro, who played her husband, disgraced financier Bernard Madoff. "The Wizard of Lies" premiered on HBO on May 20, 2017, garnering favorable reviews from critics and an audience of 1.5 million viewers, HBO's largest premiere viewership for a film in four years. "Tolucan Times" remarked that Pfeiffer "steals the show as Madoff's wife, Ruth, and is a remarkable lookalike", while "Los Angeles Times" asserted: "As Ruth, Pfeiffer convincingly portrays a pampered woman left with utterly nothing —she's lost her homes, status and, most important, her relationship with her sons." She received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Movie, in addition to a Golden Globe Award nomination.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: In Darren Aronofsky's psychological horror film "Mother!" (2017), with Jennifer Lawrence and Javier Bardem, Pfeiffer portrayed one of the mysterious guests disrupting the tranquil life of a couple. While "Mother!" polarized viewers and prompted mass walkouts, the film was better received by critics. "Vulture" remarked: "Out of the main actors, it's Pfeiffer who is able to root the character in meaning — she bracingly marries the exploration of Biblical creation, mythological overtones, and hellish domestic commentary. There's a gravity to Pfeiffer's performance that allows her to succeed where the other main actors fail, save for brief spurts — she straddles the boundaries between embodying a symbol and granting the character enough interiority to feel like a flesh and blood woman, too."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer had a supporting role in Kenneth Branagh's "Murder on the Orient Express" (2017), the fourth adaptation of Agatha Christie's 1934 novel of the same name. The mystery–drama ensemble film follows world-renowned detective Hercule Poirot, who seeks to solve a murder on the famous European train in the 1930s. Pfeiffer played an aging socialite, opposite Johnny Depp, Penélope Cruz, and Judi Dench. Pfeiffer sang the song "Never Forget", which plays over the film's closing credits and appears on the film's official soundtrack. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the performances, but criticism for not adding anything new to previous adaptations. Richard Roeper of the "Chicago Sun-Times" opined that the actress delivers the film's best performance, while "The New Yorker"'s Anthony Lane found Pfeiffer to be the only actor who appears to be enjoying their material. "Murder on the Orient Express" grossed US$351.7 million worldwide.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer made her Marvel Cinematic Universe debut with her portrayal of Janet van Dyne, the original Wasp (Evangeline Lilly), in "Ant-Man and the Wasp" (2018), the sequel to "Ant-Man" (2015). "Variety"'s Owen Gleiberman described her presence as "lovely" and "wistful", while Josh Spiegel of /Film believed the film suffers from a lack of the actress, describing her appearance as "cruelly brief". In 2019, Pfeiffer briefly reprised the role in "", and starred alongside Angelina Jolie and Elle Fanning in the dark fantasy sequel "", playing the villainous Queen Ingrith. Despite the film earning mixed reviews, "The Plain Dealer"'s Laura DeMarco felt that both Jolie and Pfeiffer "clearly relish their roles."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer headlined the dark comedy "French Exit" (2020), based on the acclaimed novel of the same name by Patrick deWitt, directed by Azazel Jacobs. In the film, which co-stars Lucas Hedges and Tracy Letts, Pfeiffer played a widow who moves to Paris, France, with her son (Hedges) and cat, who happens to be her reincarnated husband (Letts). The film premiered at the New York Film Festival, to a positive reception. Peter Debruge of "Variety" remarked that she gave a performance "for which she'll be remembered." Pfeiffer received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical for her performance.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer is attached to star alongside Annette Bening in the psychological thriller, "Turn of Mind", set to be directed by Gideon Raff. Pfeiffer portrays Betty Ford in the anthology drama television series "The First Lady", which premiered on Showtime in April 2022. She is set to reprise her role as Janet van Dyne in "" (2023), alongside Paul Rudd, Evangeline Lilly, Michael Douglas, Jonathan Majors and Bill Murray. In 2022, she was cast in "Wild Four O'Clocks", penned and directed by Peter Craig, and produced by Marc Platt and Adam Siegel, as well as in Francis Ford Coppola's "Megalopolis".


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer has never received formal acting training, expressing that she sometimes feels fraudulent as an actor due to her lack of conventional schooling. Instead, she credits director Milton Katselas with teaching her to differentiate between how an actor and their character would behave during the same scene. Vulture.com's Angelica Jade Bastién said Pfeiffer's skill dispels the argument that untrained actors are less capable than their trained peers. In 1992, "Rolling Stone" Gerri Hirshey described Pfeiffer as a character actress comfortable wearing unflattering costumes, while film critics have described her as "a character actress in a screen siren's body". Journalist reported that some critics argue that "There are those who maintain she has sold short her greatest success by choosing character roles that emphasized her extravagant acting talent over her extravagant good looks". Drawn towards "imperfect" women, Pfeiffer claims she rarely accepts traditionally glamorous roles because she finds few of them compelling. She also prefers dramatic over comedic roles, describing humor as challenging. Often commended for masking her true emotions when in character, Pfeiffer frequently uses this trait advantageously in period films, a trademark genre of hers. She has described acting as a "sadomasochistic" profession due to how "brutal" she finds the process at times.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: During the 1980s, Pfeiffer typically played smart, funny, and fiercely independent women, before pursuing a wider range of roles during the 1990s. According to Rachel Syme of "The New Yorker", such characters are often "both ditzy and wily, high-femme and high-maintenance, scrappy and ... armed with claws". In a 2021 profile, Lynn Hirschberg of "W" wrote that Pfeiffer's finest performances involve a conflicted "woman at war with herself", finding that she "has a way of pitting her characters' wit and self-awareness against their flaws and trauma". Adam Platt of "New Woman" observed that Pfeiffer's characters tend to "play the world at a distance" and "are often wise beyond their years". Director and film critic Bilge Ebiri observed that Pfeiffer "often played women who were somewhat removed from the world", exhibiting "a reserve that suggested ... melancholy, pain, dreams deferred". "Backstage" contributor Manuel Betancourt observed parallels between Pfeiffer's roles and her own concern with subverting first impressions, with the actress admitting that she reviews new scripts for parallels between her characters and her own emotional life. "Town & Country" senior editor Adam Rathe finds Pfeiffer dissimilar to most of her characters, to whom the actress claims to become addicted once committing. Known to be highly selective about her roles, IndieWire contributor Kate Erbland believes Pfeiffer often choses ones that confuse audiences to avoid being typecast. "The Baltimore Sun" film critic Michael Sragow defended her unconventional acting choices, writing that "She liberates audiences from stereotypes and preconceptions". Filmmakers and co-stars agree that Pfeiffer is extremely committed to her work, developing a reputation for competence and preparedness. Pfeiffer refuses to watch her own work, describing herself as "a perfectionist" who finds "nothing perfect in what I do". In addition to discarding old scripts, she does not retain reviews, magazine articles, or covers about her career.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer is widely regarded as one of the greatest actresses of her generation, an accolade novelist Steve Erickson claims she had already achieved by her thirties. Despite observing that her body of work lacks the prestige of some of her contemporaries, Bastién believes Pfeiffer's filmography to be the most fascinating among her peers, explaining that "No modern actress better evokes the rich tension between understanding the currency that comes with being a great beauty and the distaste with being seen at all". In 2009, "Maclean"'s film critic Brian D. Johnson argued that Pfeiffer had yet to demonstrate her true acting range, believing she could potentially be as respected as Meryl Streep if only allowed the same opportunities, while the "San Francisco Chronicle"'s Mick LaSalle remarked that Pfeiffer's humility sometimes viewers to overlook her as one of the industry best actresses. Pfeiffer is particularly renowned for her versatility, having accumulated a diverse repertoire spanning period, romance, fantasy, musical, comedy, and drama films. By 2016, "Salon"'s Charles Taylor declared that no actor of the previous decade had rivaled the actress in terms of versatility, while Adreon Patterson of CinemaBlend dubbed Pfeiffer Hollywood's most versatile actress in 2021. Summarizing her career as eclectic, IndieWire contributor Kate Erbland believes she has rarely repeated acting choices, with the actress confirming she had always aspired to play the widest possible variety of characters, even when her options had been limited.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: One of the most successful and highest-paid actresses of 1980s and 1990s, Pfeiffer typically earned $9–$10 million per film during the latter decade. LaSalle noted her as an exception to Hollywood actors whose salaries he believed were otherwise undeserved. According to UPI, Pfeiffer was one of the few actresses whose film salary corresponded with their box office appeal as of 1996. Apart from "The Witches of Eastwick", few of the actress' films during the 1980s had been major box office successes, an observation Pfeiffer never disclosed to film studios in fear that they would stop hiring her. In 1995, "The New York Times" journalist Bernard Weinraub said Pfeiffer belongs to a respected group of actresses who are "not considered a big box- office draw". However, her performances consistently garnered acclaim despite mediocre ticket sales and some films critics found forgettable. By 1999, "Variety" named Pfeiffer "the female movie star most likely to improve a film's box-office appeal". Contributing to Encyclopedia.com, Robyn Karney wrote that among the several blonde, attractive actresses who debuted during the 1980s, "Pfeiffer seemed the most precisely cut from the cloth of a long Hollywood tradition", likening her to Carole Lombard. However, Karney felt the declining quality of her films towards the end of the century was a sobering reminder that "the great female movie star of the Golden Age is no more". Pfeiffer feels critics have not entirely understood her acting decisions, which Rathe attributes to the "wildcard image" she has maintained throughout her career, and explained she is sometimes surprised by their reviews, whether positive or negative.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer established herself as one of the industry's most prolific and acclaimed actors, despite having yet to receive top-billing in a blockbuster film. According to Carmenlucia Acosta of "L'Officiel", "Few actresses have had the fortune of interpreting timeless roles that still remain popular today". In 2020, the "Kenosha News" voted Pfeiffer America's 26th favorite actress. Despite her popularity, Krizanovich dubbed Pfeiffer Hollywood's most underrated actress. Similarly, Matthew Jacobs of "HuffPost Canada" believes Pfeiffer continues to be underappreciated despite her accolades, explaining that her public persona has never quite rivaled those of her contemporaries. "The Boston Globe"'s Mark Shanahan observed that, despite Pfeiffer's success and reputation, she is sometimes overlooked during discussions about Hollywood's greatest leading ladies due to her perceived effortlessness on-screen. Describing Pfeiffer as an "Unheralded Comedy Maven", Jacobs hailed her as "one of the great comedic actors of our time, though she is rarely recognized as such". The author identified subtlety as one of her strengths since her "magnetism never overwhelms the movies she's in. Even when she is the most talented person on-screen (and she usually is), she still allows room for the ensemble to shine." Describing her as "one of the industry's greatest stars during its pre-millennial twilight", ABC Online's Luke Goodsell identified Pfeiffer's comparatively sparse workload as "Among the many depressing phenomena of 21st-century Hollywood". She was awarded a motion picture star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer has long been described as one of the world's most beautiful and talented actresses, a designation "The Daily Telegraph"s Mick Brown considers to be both a defining characteristic and curse. After being cast in early roles largely based on her appearance, Pfeiffer initially struggled to convince directors to take her seriously as an actor because they doubted she was more than simply attractive, which she combated by actively seeking challenging roles in which physical beauty was not an essential characteristic. Journalists Candice Russell of the "Sun-Sentinel" and Rachel Syme of "The New Yorker" observed that, early in her career, critics regularly undermined Pfeiffer's work by focusing on her appearance over her acting. "The Daily Beast"s Elizabeth Kaye recognized Pfeiffer as a rare talent who demonstrates it is indeed possible to be both physically attractive and a serious performer, believing the actress achieves this by combining "the sensibility of a modern woman" with "the glamour of a '30s icon". Both Karen Krizanovich of "The Daily Telegraph" and "Town & Country"s Adam Rathe agree that the same critics who were initially enchanted by her appearance remain captivated by Pfeiffer's performances, intelligence, and humor. According to "The Spokesman-Review" critic Dan Webster, the actress is known as much for her on-screen glamor as she is for her acting talent.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Celebrity photographers Nigel Parry and Patrick McMullen cite Pfeiffer among the most beautiful women they have photographed. In 2020, "Vogue Paris" listed Pfeiffer as one of the 21 most beautiful American actresses of all-time. As one of the most famous sex symbols of the 1980s and 1990s, her beauty and fashion choices attracted immense media scrutiny throughout both decades. Ranking her among history's most beautiful actresses, "Glamour" named Pfeiffer "the most perfect face on the silver screen". The same magazine recognized the actress as one of the greatest fashion icons of the 1980s, calling her the decade's "go-to girl" and "one of our all-time favorite movie goddesses". Similarly, "Harper's Bazaar" crowned Pfeiffer the fourth most glamorous "beauty icon" of the decade, while "Complex" ranked her the 49th "hottest woman of the '80s". "Men's Health" ranked Pfeiffer 45th and 67th on their all-time hottest women and sex symbol rankings, respectively. According to Alice Cary of British "Vogue", several costumes worn by the actress "have become hallmarks of popular culture". In 1990, Pfeiffer appeared on the inaugural cover of "People" magazine's annual "50 Most Beautiful People in the World" issue. She was again pictured on the cover in 1999, making her the first celebrity to appear on the cover of the issue twice, and the only celebrity to grace the cover twice during the 1990s. She has been featured in the "Most Beautiful" issue a record-breaking six times throughout the decade (from 1990 to 1993, and in 1996 and 1999). In 2004, the magazine named her one of the most beautiful women of all-time. AllMovie biographer Rebecca Flint Marx wrote that Pfeiffer possesses "a rare beauty that has inspired countless platitudes and an almost-permanent place on "People"'s Fifty Most Beautiful list".


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer has been famously self-deprecating about her appearance. At least two of her films, "Stardust" (2007) and "Chéri" (2009), explore beautiful, youth-obsessed women struggling to accept aging, themes with which Pfeiffer personally identified. According to several plastic surgeons, she possesses some of the most requested celebrity features among clients. In 2001, plastic surgeon Stephen R. Marquardt declared Pfeiffer the most beautiful face in Hollywood. Nicknamed the "golden ratio", Marquardt claims Pfeiffer's face adheres to a mathematical formula in which he determined a person's ideal mouth is 1.618 times as wide as their nose. Several media publications have commented on Pfeiffer's perceived ability to physically age slowly. Famous for being fiercely private like the characters she plays, Matthew Jacobs of "HuffPost" crowned Pfeiffer Hollywood's prime example of "a movie star who doesn't walk around feeling like a movie star", which benefits her ability to play authentic characters without allowing her fame to affect her talent. Pfeiffer is notorious for disliking press interviews, referring to herself as "the worst interviewee that ever was", and maintaining that it is not an actor's responsibility to promote a film project."The Baltimore Sun" film critic Michael Sragow observed that the actress can at times appear "flustered or elusive" during interviews. Vikram Murthi of "The Nation" believes Pfeiffer's aversion to publicity "has lent her an air of gravitas, of someone who directs a spotlight rather than chases after it."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Media commentators noted that Pfeiffer had unexpectedly become a "pop-music muse" in 2014; her name is mentioned in two of the year's most popular songs: "Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars, and "Riptide" by Vance Joy. Joy was particularly inspired by Pfeiffer's transformation from Selina Kyle into Catwoman in "Batman Returns," whereas Ronson cited "The Fabulous Baker Boys" as his favorite Pfeiffer film. Australian cricketers speak of "getting a Michelle" when they take five wickets in an innings. In cricketing parlance, this is referred to as a "five for", a near-homophone for "Pfeiffer", which resulted in the nickname "Michelle".


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: In 2005, Pfeiffer served as the face of Giorgio Armani's spring campaign; the designer has often dressed her for public appearances.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: In 2019, she launched a collection of fine fragrances called Henry Rose. It is the first fine fragrance line to be both Cradle to Cradle Certified and EWG Verified. On December 7, 2022 she promoted the line on The Tonight Show. It was even featured as one of the smells in the game called "Sniff Cup Flip Cup" she played against Jimmy Fallon.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Having been a smoker for ten years, and having a niece who suffered from leukemia for ten years, Pfeiffer decided to support the American Cancer Society. She also supports the Humane Society. In 2016, she attended the Healthy Child Healthy World's L.A. Gala for people who lead organizations for children's environmental health. In December that year, Pfeiffer, who is a vegan, joined the board of directors for Environmental Working Group, an advocacy group based in Washington. D.C.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Soon after coming to Hollywood at age 20, Pfeiffer was taken in by a seemingly friendly couple who ran a metaphysics and vegetarian cult. They helped her to cease drinking, smoking and doing drugs. Over time, they took control of her entire life. Much of her money went to the group. "I was brainwashed," she said, "I gave them an enormous amount of money."


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: At an acting class taught by Milton Katselas in Los Angeles, she met fellow budding actor Peter Horton, and they began dating. They married in Santa Monica in 1981, and it was on their honeymoon that she discovered she had won the lead role in "Grease 2". Horton directed Pfeiffer in a 1985 ABC TV special, "One Too Many", where she played the high school girlfriend of an alcoholic student (Val Kilmer); and in 1987, the real-life couple played an on-screen couple in the 'Hospital' segment of John Landis's comedy skit compilation "Amazon Women on the Moon".


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: In 1988, Pfeiffer had an affair with John Malkovich, her co-star in "Dangerous Liaisons", who at the time was married to Glenne Headly.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer and Horton decided to separate in 1988, and were divorced two years later. Horton later blamed the split on their devotion to their work rather than their marriage. Pfeiffer then had a three-year relationship with actor/producer Fisher Stevens, whom Pfeiffer met when she was starring in the New York Shakespeare Festival production of "Twelfth Night", where Stevens played Sir Andrew Aguecheek.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: In 1993, Pfeiffer married television writer and producer David E. Kelley. She made a brief uncredited cameo appearance in one episode of Kelley's television series "Picket Fences" and played the title character in "To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday", for which Kelley wrote the screenplay. She had entered into private adoption proceedings before she met Kelley, and in March 1993 adopted a newborn daughter, Claudia Rose, who was christened on Pfeiffer's and Kelley's wedding day. In 1994, Pfeiffer gave birth to a son, John Henry Kelley II, named for his grandfather and Pfeiffer's father-in-law, United States Hockey Hall of Fame coach John Henry "Jack" Kelley.


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer's most acclaimed films, according to the review aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, include "The Fabulous Baker Boys" (1989), "" (2019), "Dangerous Liaisons" (1988), "Hairspray" (2007), "Married to the Mob" (1988), "Ant-Man and the Wasp" (2018), "The Age of Innocence" (1993), and "Where Is Kyra?" (2017).


title: Michelle Pfeiffer

text: Pfeiffer has received three Academy Award nominations: Best Supporting Actress for "Dangerous Liaisons" (1988); and Best Actress for "The Fabulous Baker Boys" (1989) and "Love Field" (1992). She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama for "The Fabulous Baker Boys", and has been nominated seven more times for her performances in "Married to the Mob" (1988), "The Russia House" (1990), "Frankie and Johnny" (1991), "Love Field", "The Age of Innocence" (1993), "The Wizard of Lies" (2017), and "French Exit" (2020). For "Dangerous Liaisons", she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She also received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for "The Wizard of Lies".


title: Dark web

text: The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on "darknets": overlay networks that use the Internet but require specific software, configurations, or authorization to access. Through the dark web, private computer networks can communicate and conduct business anonymously without divulging identifying information, such as a user's location. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, the part of the Web not indexed by web search engines, although sometimes the term "deep web" is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the dark web.


title: Dark web

text: The darknets which constitute the dark web include small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as large, popular networks such as Tor, Freenet, I2P, and Riffle operated by public organizations and individuals. Users of the dark web refer to the regular web as Clearnet due to its unencrypted nature. The Tor dark web or onionland uses the traffic anonymization technique of onion routing under the network's top-level domain suffix .onion.


title: Dark web

text: The dark web has often been confused with the deep web, the parts of the web not indexed (searchable) by search engines. The term "dark web" first emerged in 2009; however, it is unknown when the actual dark web first emerged. Many internet users only use the "surface web", data that can be accessed by a typical web browser. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, but requires custom software in order to access its content. This confusion dates back to at least 2009. Since then, especially in reporting on Silk Road, the two terms have often been conflated, despite recommendations that they should be distinguished.


title: Dark web

text: The dark web, also known as darknet websites, are accessible only through networks such as Tor ("The Onion Routing" project) that are created specifically for the dark web. Tor browser and Tor-accessible sites are widely used among the darknet users and can be identified by the domain ".onion". Tor browsers create encrypted entry points and pathways for the user, allowing their dark web searches and actions to be anonymous.


title: Dark web

text: Identities and locations of darknet users stay anonymous and cannot be tracked due to the layered encryption system. The darknet encryption technology routes users' data through a large number of intermediate servers, which protects the users' identity and guarantees anonymity. The transmitted information can be decrypted only by a subsequent node in the scheme, which leads to the exit node. The complicated system makes it almost impossible to reproduce the node path and decrypt the information layer by layer. Due to the high level of encryption, websites are not able to track geolocation and IP of their users, and users are not able to get this information about the host. Thus, communication between darknet users is highly encrypted allowing users to talk, blog, and share files confidentially.


title: Dark web

text: A December 2014 study by Gareth Owen from the University of Portsmouth found that the most commonly hosted type of content on Tor was child pornography, followed by black markets, while the individual sites with the highest traffic were dedicated to botnet operations (see attached metric). Many whistleblowing sites maintain a presence as well as political discussion forums. Sites associated with Bitcoin, fraud-related services, and mail order services are some of the most prolific.


title: Dark web

text: As of December 2020, the number of active Tor sites in .onion was estimated at 76,300 (containing a lot of copies). Of these, 18 000 would have original content.


title: Dark web

text: In July 2017, Roger Dingledine, one of the three founders of the Tor Project, said that Facebook is the biggest hidden service. The dark web comprises only 3% of the traffic in the Tor network.


title: Dark web

text: A February 2016 study from researchers at King's College London gives the following breakdown of content by an alternative category set, highlighting the illicit use of .onion services.


title: Dark web

text: The dark web is also used in certain extortion-related processes. Indeed, it is common to observe data from ransomware attacks on several dark web sites (data sales sites, public data repository sites.


title: Dark web

text: Botnets are often structured with their command-and-control servers based on a censorship-resistant hidden service, creating a large amount of bot-related traffic.


title: Dark web

text: Commercial darknet markets mediate transactions for illegal goods and typically use Bitcoin as payment. These markets have attracted significant media coverage, starting with the popularity of Silk Road and Diabolus Market and its subsequent seizure by legal authorities. Silk Road was one of the first dark web marketplaces that emerged in 2011 and has allowed for the trading of weapons and identity fraud resources. These markets have no protection for its users and can be closed down at any time by authorities. Despite the closures of these marketplaces, others pop up in their place. As of 2020, there have been at least 38 active dark web market places. These marketplaces are similar to that of eBay or Craigslist where users can interact with sellers and leave reviews about marketplace products.


title: Dark web

text: Examination of price differences in dark web markets versus prices in real life or over the World Wide Web have been attempted as well as studies in the quality of goods received over the dark web. One such study was performed on Evolution, one of the most popular crypto-markets active from January 2013 to March 2015. Although it found the digital information, such as concealment methods and shipping country, "seems accurate", the study uncovered issues with the quality of illegal drugs sold in Evolution, stating that, "the illicit drugs purity is found to be different from the information indicated on their respective listings." Less is known about consumer motivations for accessing these marketplaces and factors associated with their use.


title: Dark web

text: Bitcoin is one of the main cryptocurrencies used in dark web marketplaces due to the flexibility and relative anonymity of the currency. With Bitcoin, people can hide their intentions as well as their identity. A common approach was to use a digital currency exchanger service which converted Bitcoin into an online game currency (such as gold coins in World of Warcraft) that will later be converted back into fiat currency. Bitcoin services such as tumblers are often available on Tor, and some – such as Grams – offer darknet market integration. A research study undertaken by Jean-Loup Richet, a research fellow at ESSEC, and carried out with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, highlighted new trends in the use of Bitcoin tumblers for money laundering purposes.


title: Dark web

text: Due to its relevance in the digital world, Bitcoin has become a popular product for users to scam companies with. Cybercriminal groups such as DDOS"4" have led to over 140 cyberattacks on companies since the emergence of Bitcoins in 2014. These attacks have led to the formation of other cybercriminal groups as well as Cyber Extortion.


title: Dark web

text: Many hackers sell their services either individually or as a part of groups. Such groups include xDedic, hackforum, Trojanforge, Mazafaka, dark0de and the TheRealDeal darknet market. Some have been known to track and extort apparent pedophiles. Cyber crimes and hacking services for financial institutions and banks have also been offered over the dark web. Attempts to monitor this activity have been made through various government and private organizations, and an examination of the tools used can be found in the "Procedia Computer Science" journal. Use of Internet-scale DNS distributed reflection denial of service (DRDoS) attacks have also been made through leveraging the dark web. There are many scam .onion sites also present which end up giving tools for download that are infected with trojan horses or backdoors.


title: Dark web

text: Scott Dueweke the president and founder of Zebryx Consulting states that Russian electronic currency such as WebMoney and Perfect Money are behind the majority of the illegal actions. In April 2015, Flashpoint received a 5 million dollar investment to help their clients gather intelligence from the deep and dark web. There are numerous carding forums, PayPal and Bitcoin trading websites as well as fraud and counterfeiting services. Many such sites are scams themselves. Phishing via cloned websites and other scam sites are numerous, with darknet markets often advertised with fraudulent URLs.


title: Dark web

text: The type of content that has the most popularity on the dark web is illegal pornography—more specifically, child pornography. About 80% of its web traffic is related to accessing child pornography despite it being difficult to find even on the dark web. A website called Lolita City, that has since been taken down, contained over 100 GB of child pornographic media and had about 15,000 members.


title: Dark web

text: There is regular law enforcement action against sites distributing child pornography – often via compromising the site and tracking users' IP addresses. In 2015, the FBI investigated and took down a website called Playpen. At the time, Playpen was the largest child pornography website on the dark web with over 200,000 members. Sites use complex systems of guides, forums and community regulation. Other content includes sexualised torture and killing of animals and revenge porn. In May 2021, German police said that they had dismantled one of the world's biggest child pornography networks on the dark web known as Boystown, the website had over 400,000 registered users. Four people had been detained in raids, including a man from Paraguay, on suspicion of running the network. Europol said several pedophile chat sites were also taken down in the German-led intelligence operation.


title: Dark web

text: Terrorist organizations took to the internet as early as the 1990s; however, the birth of the dark web attracted these organizations due to the anonymity, lack of regulation, social interaction, and easy accessibility. These groups have been taking advantage of the chat platforms within the dark web to inspire terrorist attacks. Groups have even posted "How To" guides, teaching people how to become and hide their identities as terrorists.


title: Dark web

text: The dark web became a forum for terrorist propaganda, guiding information, and most importantly, funding. With the introduction of Bitcoin, an anonymous transactions were created which allowed for anonymous donations and funding. By accepting Bitcoin, terrorists were now able to fund money to purchase weaponry. In 2018, an individual named Ahmed Sarsur was charged for attempting to purchase explosives and hire snipers to aid Syrian terrorists, as well as attempting to provide them financial support, all through the dark web.


title: Dark web

text: There are at least some real and fraudulent websites claiming to be used by ISIL (ISIS), including a fake one seized in Operation Onymous. With the increase of technology, it has allowed cyber terrorists to flourish by attacking the weaknesses of the technology. In the wake of the November 2015 Paris attacks, an actual such site was hacked by an Anonymous-affiliated hacker group, GhostSec, and replaced with an advert for Prozac. The Rawti Shax Islamist group was found to be operating on the dark web at one time.


title: Dark web

text: Within the dark web, there exists emerging social media platforms similar to those on the World Wide Web, this is known as the Dark Web Social Network (DWSN). The DWSN works a like a regular social networking site where members can have customizable pages, have friends, like posts, and blog in forums. Facebook and other traditional social media platforms have begun to make dark-web versions of their websites to address problems associated with the traditional platforms and to continue their service in all areas of the World Wide Web. Unlike Facebook, the privacy policy of the DWSN requires that members are to reveal absolutely no personal information and remain anonymous.


title: Dark web

text: There are reports of crowdfunded assassinations and hitmen for hire; however, these are believed to be exclusively scams. The creator of Silk Road, Ross Ulbricht, was arrested by Homeland Security investigations (HSI) for his site and allegedly hiring a hitman to kill six people, although the charges were later dropped. There is an urban legend that one can find live murder on the dark web. The term ""Red Room"" has been coined based on the Japanese animation and urban legend of the same name; however, the evidence points toward all reported instances being hoaxes.


title: Dark web

text: On June 25, 2015, the indie game "Sad Satan" was reviewed by YouTubers "Obscure Horror Corner" which they claimed to have found via the dark web. Various inconsistencies in the channel's reporting cast doubt on the reported version of events. There are several websites which analyze and monitor the deep web and dark web for threat intelligence.


title: Dark web

text: There have been arguments that the dark web promotes civil liberties, like "free speech, privacy, anonymity". Some prosecutors and government agencies are concerned that it is a haven for criminal activity. The deep and dark web are applications of integral internet features to provide privacy and anonymity. Policing involves targeting specific activities of the private web deemed illegal or subject to internet censorship.


title: Dark web

text: When investigating online suspects, police typically use the IP (Internet Protocol) address of the individual; however, due to Tor browsers creating anonymity, this becomes an impossible tactic. As a result, law enforcement has employed many other tactics in order to identify and arrest those engaging in illegal activity on the dark web. OSINT, or Open Source Intelligence, are data collection tools that legally collect information from public sources. OSINT tools can be dark web specific to help officers find bits of information that would lead them to gaining more knowledge about interactions going on in the dark web.


title: Dark web

text: In 2015 it was announced that Interpol now offers a dedicated dark web training program featuring technical information on Tor, cybersecurity and simulated darknet market takedowns. In October 2013 the UK's National Crime Agency and GCHQ announced the formation of a "Joint Operations Cell" to focus on cybercrime. In November 2015 this team would be tasked with tackling child exploitation on the dark web as well as other cybercrime. In March 2017 the Congressional Research Service released an extensive report on the dark web, noting the changing dynamic of how information is accessed and presented on it; characterized by the unknown, it is of increasing interest to researchers, law enforcement, and policymakers. In August 2017, according to reportage, cybersecurity firms which specialize in monitoring and researching the dark web on behalf of banks and retailers routinely share their findings with the FBI and with other law enforcement agencies "when possible and necessary" regarding illegal content. The Russian-speaking underground offering a crime-as-a-service model is regarded as being particularly robust.


title: Dark web

text: Many journalists, alternative news organizations, educators, and researchers are influential in their writing and speaking of the darknet, and making its use clear to the general public. Media coverage typically reports on the dark web in two ways; detailing the power and freedom of speech the dark web allows people to express, or more commonly reaffirms the illegality and fear of its contents, such as computer hackers. Many headlines tie the dark web to child pornography with headlines such as, "N.J. man charged with surfing 'Dark Web' to collect nearly 3K images of child porn", along with other illegal activities where news outlets describe it as "a hub for black markets that sell or distribute drugs".


title: Dark web

text: Specialist Clearweb news sites such as DeepDotWeb and All Things Vice provide news coverage and practical information about dark web sites and services; however, DeepDotWeb was shut down by authorities in 2019. The Hidden Wiki and its mirrors and forks hold some of the largest directories of content at any given time. Traditional media and news channels such as ABC News have also featured articles examining the darknet.


title: Bill Murray

text: William James Murray (born September 21, 1950) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his deadpan delivery. He rose to fame on "The National Lampoon Radio Hour" (1973–1974) before becoming a national presence on "Saturday Night Live" from 1977 to 1980, where he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series. He starred in comedy films including "Meatballs" (1979), "Caddyshack" (1980), "Stripes" (1981), "Tootsie" (1982), "Ghostbusters" (1984), "Scrooged" (1988), "What About Bob?" (1991), "Groundhog Day" (1993), "Kingpin" (1996), "The Man Who Knew Too Little" (1997), "Charlie's Angels" (2000), and "Osmosis Jones" (2001). His only directorial credit is "Quick Change" (1990), which he co-directed with Howard Franklin.


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray's performance in Sofia Coppola's "Lost in Translation" (2003) earned him a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. He has frequently collaborated with directors Ivan Reitman, Harold Ramis, Wes Anderson, Sofia Coppola, Jim Jarmusch, John McNaughton and the Farrelly brothers. He received Golden Globe nominations for his roles in "Ghostbusters", "Rushmore" (1998), "Hyde Park on Hudson" (2012), "St. Vincent" (2014) and the HBO miniseries "Olive Kitteridge" (2014), for which he later won his second Primetime Emmy Award.


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray received the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in 2016. He is also known for voicing Garfield in the family comedy film "" (2004) and its sequel "" (2006), Clive Badger in "Fantastic Mr. Fox" (2009), Baloo in the live action adaptation of Disney's "The Jungle Book" (2016), and Boss in "Isle of Dogs" (2018). Murray reprised his role as Peter Venkman in "" (2021) and is set to appear as an undisclosed villain in the upcoming Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film "" (2023).


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray was born on September 21, 1950, in Evanston, Illinois, to Lucille Murray (née Collins; 1921–1988), a mail-room clerk, and Edward Joseph Murray II (1921–1967), a lumber salesman. He was raised in Wilmette, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago.


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray and his eight siblings grew up in an Irish Catholic family. His paternal grandfather was from County Cork, while his maternal ancestors were from County Galway. Three of his siblings, John Murray, Joel Murray, and Brian Doyle-Murray, are also actors. A sister, Nancy, is an Adrian Dominican nun in Michigan; she has traveled the United States in two one-woman programs, portraying Catherine of Siena and Dorothy Stang. His brother Ed Murray died in 2020. Their father died in 1967 at the age of 46 from complications of diabetes when Bill was 17.


title: Bill Murray

text: As a youth, Murray read children's biographies of American heroes like Kit Carson, Wild Bill Hickok, and Davy Crockett. He attended St. Joseph's grade school and Loyola Academy. During his teen years, he worked as a golf caddy to fund his education at the Jesuit high school, and was the lead singer of a rock band called the Dutch Masters and took part in high school and community theater. One of his sisters had polio and his mother suffered several miscarriages.


title: Bill Murray

text: After graduating from Loyola Academy, Murray attended Regis University in Denver, Colorado, taking pre-medical courses, but quickly dropped out and returned to Illinois. Decades later, in 2007, Regis awarded him an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree. On September 21, 1970, his 20th birthday, the police arrested Murray at Chicago's O'Hare Airport for trying to smuggle of cannabis, which he had allegedly intended to sell. It was discovered after Murray joked to the passenger next to him that he had packed a bomb in his luggage. Murray was convicted and sentenced to probation.


title: Bill Murray

text: With an invitation from his older brother, Brian, Murray got his start at The Second City in Chicago, an improvisational comedy troupe, studying under Del Close. In 1974, he moved to New York City and was recruited by John Belushi as a featured player on "The National Lampoon Radio Hour".


title: Bill Murray

text: In 1975, an Off-Broadway version of a "Lampoon" show led to his first television role as a cast member of the ABC variety show "Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell". That same season, another variety show titled "NBC's Saturday Night" premiered. Cosell's show lasted just one season, canceled in early 1976. After working in Los Angeles with the "guerrilla video" commune TVTV on several projects, Murray rose to prominence in 1976. He officially joined the cast of NBC's "Saturday Night Live" for the show's second season, following the departure of Chevy Chase. Murray was with "SNL" for three seasons from 1977 to 1980. A "Rutland Weekend Television" sketch Monty Python's Eric Idle brought for his appearance on "SNL" developed into the 1978 mockumentary "All You Need Is Cash" with Murray (alongside other "SNL" cast members) appearing as "Bill Murray the K", a send-up of New York radio host Murray the K, in a segment of the film that is a parody of the Maysles Brothers's documentary "". During the first few seasons of "SNL", Murray was in a romantic relationship with fellow cast member Gilda Radner.


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray landed his first starring role with the film "Meatballs" in 1979. He followed this with a portrayal of Hunter S. Thompson in 1980's "Where the Buffalo Roam". In the early 1980s, he collaborated with writer-director Harold Ramis and starred in a string of box-office hits, including "Caddyshack" (1980), "Stripes" (1981), and "Tootsie" (1982). Murray was the first guest on NBC's "Late Night with David Letterman" on February 1, 1982. (He later appeared on the first episode of the "Late Show with David Letterman" on August 30, 1993, when the show moved to CBS. On January 31, 2012 – 30 years after his first appearance with Letterman – Murray appeared again on his talk show. He appeared as Letterman's final guest when the host retired on May 20, 2015.)


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray began work on a film adaptation of the novel "The Razor's Edge". The film, which Murray co-wrote, was his first starring role in a drama film. He later agreed with Columbia Pictures to star in "Ghostbusters"—in a role originally written for John Belushi—to get financing for "The Razor's Edge". "Ghostbusters" became the highest-grossing film of 1984 and, at the time, the highest-grossing comedy ever. "The Razor's Edge", which was filmed before "Ghostbusters" was released, was a box-office flop.


title: Bill Murray

text: Frustrated over the failure of "The Razor's Edge", Murray stepped away from acting for four years to study philosophy and history at Sorbonne University, frequent the Cinémathèque in Paris, and to spend time with his family in their Hudson River Valley home. During that time, his second son, Luke, was born. With the exception of a cameo in the 1986 film "Little Shop of Horrors", he made no film appearances, but participated in public readings in Manhattan organized by playwright-director Timothy Mayer and in a stage production of Bertolt Brecht's "A Man's a Man". Murray returned to films with "Scrooged" in 1988 and "Ghostbusters II" in 1989.


title: Bill Murray

text: In 1990, Murray made his first and only attempt at directing when he co-directed "Quick Change" with producer Howard Franklin. In 1991 he starred in the Frank Oz comedy film "What About Bob?" (1991) alongside Richard Dreyfus. The film was a box office hit. In 1993 he starred in the Harold Ramis fantasy comedy "Groundhog Day". The film was an immense critical success. Hal Hinson, film critic for "The Washington Post" praised Murray's performance, writing in his film review that, "Murray is a breed unto himself, a sort of gonzo minimalist. And he's never been funnier as a comedian or more in control as an actor than he is here. It's easily his best movie." That same year he starred in the comedy film, "Mad Dog and Glory" alongside Robert De Niro and Uma Thurman. Critic Vincent Canby of "The New Yorker" wrote in his review, "The great satisfaction of "Mad Dog and Glory" is watching Mr. De Niro and Mr. Murray play against type with such invigorating ease."


title: Bill Murray

text: After the success of "Groundhog Day", Murray appeared in a series of well-received supporting roles in films like Tim Burton's "Ed Wood" (1994), and Peter Farrelly's broad comedy film "Kingpin" (1996). Also in 1996 he appeared as himself in the Looney Tunes live action comedy "Space Jam" with Michael Jordan. However, his starring roles in "Larger than Life" and "The Man Who Knew Too Little" were not as successful with critics or audiences. In 1998, he received much critical acclaim for Wes Anderson's coming of age comedy film "Rushmore" opposite Jason Schwartzman and Olivia Williams.


title: Bill Murray

text: He received praise among critics with Lisa Schwarzbaum from "Entertainment Weekly" writing, "Murray turns in a thrillingly knowing, unforced performance — an award-worthy high point in a career that continues". For Murray's performance he received the Best Supporting Actor awards from the New York Film Critics Circle, the National Society of Film Critics, and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (tying with Billy Bob Thornton).


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray decided to take a turn towards more dramatic roles and experienced a resurgence in his career, taking on roles in "Wild Things", "Cradle Will Rock", "Hamlet" (as Polonius), and "The Royal Tenenbaums". In 2003, he appeared in Sofia Coppola's "Lost in Translation" and went on to earn a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and an Independent Spirit Award, as well as Best Actor awards from several film critic organizations. He was considered a favorite to win the Academy Award for Best Actor, but Sean Penn ultimately won the award for his performance in "Mystic River". In an interview included on the "Lost in Translation" DVD, Murray states that it is his favorite film in which he has appeared. Also in 2003, he appeared in a short cameo for Jim Jarmusch's "Coffee and Cigarettes", in which he played himself "hiding out" in a local coffee shop.


title: Bill Murray

text: During this time Murray still appeared in comedic roles such as "" and "Osmosis Jones". In 2004, he provided the voice of Garfield in "", and again in 2006 for "". Murray later said that he only took the role because he was under the mistaken impression that the screenplay, co-written by Joel Cohen, was the work of Joel Coen. In 2004, he made his third collaboration with Wes Anderson in "The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou" and in 2005 his second collaboration with Jim Jarmusch in "Broken Flowers". That same year, Murray announced that he was taking a hiatus from acting as he had not had the time to relax since his new breakthrough in the late 1990s. He did return to the big screen for brief cameos in Wes Anderson's "The Darjeeling Limited" and in "Get Smart" as Agent 13, the agent in the tree. In 2008, he played an important role in the post-apocalyptic film "City of Ember".


title: Bill Murray

text: In 2009, Murray starred in the independent film "Get Low" alongside Robert Duvall and Sissy Spacek. The film is loosely based on a true story about a Tennessee hermit in the 1930s who throws his own funeral party while still alive. Murray and Duvall received critical praise and the film received the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature. Also in 2009, Murray had a memorable cameo role as himself in the zombie comedy "Zombieland" starring Woody Harrelson, Emma Stone and Jesse Eisenberg. Murray provided the voice for the character Mr. Badger in another Wes Anderson movie the 2009 animated film "Fantastic Mr. Fox". The film went on to receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Animated Feature.


title: Bill Murray

text: In 2012, Murray starred in Roger Michell's historical comedy "Hyde Park on Hudson", where he played Franklin D. Roosevelt opposite Laura Linney who played Roosevelt's cousin Margaret Suckley and Olivia Williams who portrayed Eleanor Roosevelt. The film focuses on the 1939 visit at the Roosevelts' home Hyde Park of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth portrayed by Samuel West and Olivia Colman respectively. Murray received praise from critics with Roger Ebert writing, "Murray, who has a wider range than we sometimes realize, finds the human core of this FDR and presents it tenderly." Murray also received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy nomination for his performance.


title: Bill Murray

text: Since 2010, Murray has continued to appear in multiple films with Wes Anderson including the coming of age comedy "Moonrise Kingdom" (2012) which also starred Bruce Willis, Edward Norton, Frances McDormand, and Tilda Swinton. The film premiered at the 65th Cannes Film Festival where it competed for the Palme d'Or. The film was a box office and critical success. In 2016, the BBC included the film in its list of greatest films of the twenty-first century.


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray also made a brief comic turn in "The Grand Budapest Hotel" (2014) where he played, M. Ivan, Gustave's friend and one of several concierges affiliated with the Society of the Crossed Keys. The film competed at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival where it received rapturous reviews. The film later became Wes Anderson's most financially successful film making $172 million. The film received 9 Academy Award nominations including Best Picture, ultimately receiving 4 for Costume Design, Production Design, Makeup/Hair and Original Score. Murray himself along with the cast won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture for his ensemble work in "The Grand Budapest Hotel".


title: Bill Murray

text: In 2014, Murray starred in George Clooney's World War II ensemble drama, "The Monuments Men", also starring Matt Damon, Cate Blanchett, John Goodman, Hugh Bonneville, Jean Dujardin, and Bob Balaban. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a modest box office success. Later that year, Murray also starred in "St. Vincent" alongside Melissa McCarthy and Naomi Watts receiving a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance. He also played a music manager in 2015's "Rock the Kasbah".


title: Bill Murray

text: In 2016, he was the voice of Baloo in the live-action adaptation of Disney's "The Jungle Book", directed by Jon Favreau. The film earned a 95% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, and Murray was nominated for Favorite Animated Movie Voice at the People's Choice Awards; he lost to Ellen DeGeneres.


title: Bill Murray

text: There had been speculation that Murray might return to the "Ghostbusters" franchise for a rumored "Ghostbusters 3". Murray once stated, "I'd do it only if my character was killed off in the first reel," and also, "You know, maybe I should just do it. Maybe it'd be fun to do." Eventually, he appeared in both the 2016 "Ghostbusters" reboot as Martin Heiss, a cynical ghost debunker, which was released on July 15, 2016, and 2021's "".


title: Bill Murray

text: In 2018, Murray portrayed Steve Bannon on "Saturday Night Live" alongside Fred Armisen as Michael Wolff. That year he was also part of Wes Anderson's ensemble cast of the animated film "Isle of Dogs", which premiered at the 68th Berlin International Film Festival. In 2019, Murray was part of the ensemble cast of the zombie-comedy "The Dead Don't Die" directed by Jim Jarmusch.


title: Bill Murray

text: On February 2, 2020, a commercial starring Murray aired during the Super Bowl referencing his role in the film Groundhog Day as Phil, with him stealing the groundhog and driving him to various places in the orange Jeep Gladiator.


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray reunited with Sofia Coppola for the comedy-drama "On the Rocks" opposite Rashida Jones. The film premiered at the 58th New York Film Festival where it received positive reviews with many critics praising Murray's performance. Critic David Rooney of "The Hollywood Reporter" wrote of his performance that "Murray has seldom been better." It had a limited theatrical release on October 2, 2020, by A24, followed by a digital streaming release on October 23, 2020, on Apple TV+. He received some critical acclaim as well as a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture.


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray appeared in a small role in "The French Dispatch" reuniting him with Wes Anderson for the 9th time. It was set to premiere at the Cannes Film Festival on May 12, 2020, and get a wide release on July 24, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the festival was cancelled and the film was pulled from the schedule on April 3, 2020. The film was rescheduled for release on October 16, 2020, before being pulled from the schedule again on July 23, 2020. It ultimately premiered at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival and was released on October 22, 2021.


title: Bill Murray

text: In October 2021, Murray joined the cast of the upcoming superhero film "", set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.


title: Bill Murray

text: Murray is a partner with his brothers in Murray Bros. Caddy Shack, a restaurant with two locations. In 2001, they opened a location at the World Golf Village near St. Augustine, Florida. In 2018, the second location was opened inside the Crowne Plaza Rosemont Hotel near the O'Hare International Airport. He resides in Charleston, South Carolina and he is a very active community member.


title: Bill Murray

text: In 1978, Murray appeared in two at-bats for the Grays Harbor Loggers Minor League Baseball team, credited with one hit and a lifetime batting average of .500.