title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On April 17, 2018, radio host and conspiracy theorist Alex Jones was sued for defamation by three parents whose children were killed in the shooting. Prior to this, Jones said that the Sandy Hook shooting was "completely fake" and a "giant hoax" perpetrated by opponents of the Second Amendment. Jones claims he later believed the shooting was real. On May 23, 2018, six more families sued Jones for his claims. Jones was found to be in contempt of court by a Texas judge even before the trial started, failing to produce witnesses and materials relevant to the procedures. Consequently, Jones and InfoWars were fined a total of $126,000 in October and December 2019.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: In October 2021, Jones was ordered to pay damages and was criticized by a judge for failing to hand over documents requested by the courts. Jones declared bankruptcy in April 2022 as a result of the defamation lawsuits caused by his claims that the shooting was a hoax.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On August 4, 2022, Jones was ordered to pay $4.1M compensatory damages to Sandy Hook parents and, on August 5, 2022, he was ordered to pay a further $45.2M in punitive damages.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On October 12, 2022, Jones was ordered to pay $965 million in damages to the families of Sandy Hook victims.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: The school was closed indefinitely following the shooting, partially because it remained a crime scene. Sandy Hook students returned to classes on January 3, 2013, at Chalk Hill Middle School in nearby Monroe at the town's invitation. Chalk Hill at the time was an unused facility, refurbished after the shooting, with desks and equipment brought in from Sandy Hook Elementary. The Chalk Hill school was temporarily renamed "Sandy Hook". The University of Connecticut created a scholarship for the surviving children of the shootings.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On January 31, the Newtown school board voted unanimously to ask for police officer presence in all of its elementary schools; previously other schools in the district had such protection, but Sandy Hook had not been one of those.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On May 10, a task force of 28 appointed members voted to demolish the existing Sandy Hook Elementary school and have a new school built in its place. The $57 million proposed project was sent to the Newtown Board of Education for approval, to be followed by a public ballot. In October 2013, Newtown residents voted 4,504–558 in favor of the proposed demolition and reconstruction, to be funded by $50 million in state money. Demolition began on October 25 and was completed in December 2013 at a cost of nearly US$1.4 million.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: After the town clerk's office was inundated with requests from the media, Connecticut House of Representatives Republican Dan Carter introduced legislation that would restrict access to public information available under the Freedom of Information Act. On June 5, both houses (Senate and House of Representatives) of the Connecticut state legislature passed a bill modifying the state's Freedom of Information Act in order to "prevent the release of crime-scene photos and video evidence from the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre and other Connecticut homicides, concerned such records would be spread on the Internet." The bill then went on to Gov. Dannel P. Malloy's desk for his signature. The bill creates a new exemption to the state's Freedom of Information Act. The release of photographs, film, video, digital or other visual images depicting a homicide victim is prevented if such records "could reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of the personal privacy of the victim or the victim's surviving family members."


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: The Sandy Hook Promise Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, was formed to help survivors and families of the victims while also continuing the service of assisting others impacted by other shootings across the United States.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: President Barack Obama gave a televised address on the day of the shootings: "We're going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this, regardless of the politics." Obama expressed "enormous sympathy for families that are affected". He also ordered flags to be flown at half-staff at the White House and other U.S. federal government facilities worldwide in respect of the victims. On December 16, Obama traveled to Newtown where he met with victims' families and spoke at an interfaith vigil.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: Dannel Malloy, the Governor of Connecticut, addressed the media the evening of the shootings near a local church holding a vigil for the victims, urging the people of Connecticut to come together and help each other. Malloy said, "Evil visited this community today, and it is too early to speak of recovery, but each parent, each sibling, each member of the family has to understand that Connecticut, we are all in this together, we will do whatever we can to overcome this event, we will get through it." Hundreds of mourners, including Malloy, attended vigils in various churches in Newtown. On December 17, Malloy called for a statewide moment of silence and church bells to be tolled 26 times at 9:30 a.m. on December 21, exactly one week after the school shooting.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said: "our thanks go out to every teacher, staff member, and first responder who cared for, comforted, and protected children from harm, often at risk to themselves. We will do everything in our power to assist and support the healing and recovery of Newtown."


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: Leaders from other countries and organizations throughout the world also offered their condolences through the weekend after the shooting.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: President Obama posthumously honored the six adults with the 2012 Presidential Citizens Medal on February 15, 2013. President Obama said "And then when Dawn Hochsprung, and Mary Sherlach, Vicki Soto, Lauren Rousseau, Rachel D'Avino, Anne Marie Murphy—when they showed up for work at Sandy Hook Elementary on December 14th of last year, they expected a day like any other—doing what was right for their kids; spent a chilly morning readying classrooms and welcoming young students—they had no idea that evil was about to strike. And when it did, they could have taken shelter by themselves. They could have focused on their own safety, on their own wellbeing. But they didn't. They gave their lives to protect the precious children in their care. They gave all they had for the most innocent and helpless among us. And that's what we honor today—the courageous heart, the selfless spirit, the inspiring actions of extraordinary Americans, extraordinary citizens."


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: Sandy Hook conspiracy theories have become social phenomena, despite overwhelming contemporary coverage of the incident.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting prompted renewed debate about gun control in the United States, including proposals for making the background-check system universal, and for new federal and state legislation banning the sale and manufacture of certain types of semi-automatic firearms and magazines with more than ten rounds of ammunition.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: Within hours of the shooting, a We the People petition was started asking the White House to "immediately address the issue of gun control through the introduction of legislation in Congress", and the gun control advocacy group the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence reported that an avalanche of donations in the hours after the shooting caused its website to crash. Five days later, President Obama announced that he would make gun control a "central issue" of his second term, and he created a gun violence task force, to be headed by Vice President Joe Biden. On January 16, 2013, Obama signed 23 executive orders and proposed 12 congressional actions regarding gun control. His proposals included universal background checks on firearms purchases, an assault weapons ban, and a high-capacity magazine ban limiting capacity to 10 cartridges.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On December 21, 2012, the National Rifle Association's Wayne LaPierre said gun-free school zones attract killers and that another gun ban would not protect Americans. He called on Congress to appropriate funds to hire armed police officers for every American school and announced that the NRA would create the National School Shield Emergency Response Program to help. After LaPierre's press conference, the Brady Campaign asked for donations to support its gun control advocacy and asked NRA members "who believe like we do, that we are better than this" to join its campaign. On January 8, 2013, former Congresswoman Gabby Giffords, who was shot and injured in a 2011 shooting in Tucson, launched the gun control group Americans for Responsible Solutions, with a specific aim of matching or exceeding the fundraising capabilities of the NRA and similar groups.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On January 16, 2013, New York became the first U.S. state to act after the shooting when it enacted the Secure Ammunition and Firearms Enforcement (SAFE) Act. On April 3, 2013, Connecticut General Assembly passed a 139-page major gun-control bill with broad bipartisan support. Governor Dannel P. Malloy signed the bill on the same day. The bill requires universal background checks (background checks for all firearm purchases), a high-capacity magazine ban banning the sale or purchase of ammunition magazines capable of holding more than ten rounds of ammunition like those used in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, created the first registry in the United States for dangerous-weapon offenders, and added over 100 types of guns to the state's assault weapons ban. Pro-gun groups had rallied outside the Capitol to protest prior to the signing and challenged it in court. Federal judge Alfred Covello ruled to uphold the law in January 2014.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On April 4, 2013, Maryland also enacted new restrictions to their existing gun laws. However, ten other states passed laws that relaxed gun restrictions.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: Legislation introduced in the first session of 113th Congress included the Assault Weapons Ban of 2013 and the Manchin-Toomey Amendment to expand background checks on gun purchases. Both were defeated in the Senate on April 17, 2013.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: A renewed debate about the effects of violent video games on young people began soon after the shooting due to news reports suggesting Lanza frequently played violent video games. Wayne LaPierre publicly blamed video games for the shooting, specifically targeting the free online game "Kindergarten Killers" created by Gary Short.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: Police found numerous video games in the basement of Adam Lanza's home, which was used as a gaming area. The final report into the shooting by the State Attorney, published in November 2013, noted that "[Lanza] played video games often, both solo at home and online. They could be described as both violent and non-violent. One person described the shooter as spending the majority of his time playing non-violent video games all day, with his favorite at one point being "Super Mario Bros.""


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: The report described his liking for "Dance Dance Revolution", which he played frequently for hours with an acquaintance at a movie theater in Danbury which had a commercial version of the game, and also played the game at home. "Dance Dance Revolution" is a non-violent exercising game where "the user is required to move their feet rhythmically in response to video cues". According to the Report by the Office of the Child Advocate, Lanza would play the game for hours on end using it as a distraction from his inner turmoil. The report said "he would whip himself into a frenzy, a behavior consistent, possibly, with a need to contain anxiety-producing impulses and thoughts. There were days when he would not do anything else but "Dance Dance Revolution".


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: The final report by the State Attorney did not make a link between video games and the motive for the shooting. However, the Report of the Child Advocate said "video game and internet addiction appear to be 'highly comorbid with several other psychiatric disorders' including anxiety, depression, and obsessive compulsive challenges".


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: Many organizations were created due to the massacre that work to promote an end to school shootings, with some, such as Jesse Lewis Choose Love Movement, Sandy Hook Promise, and Safe and Sound Schools organized and led by parents of victims, while others, such as Moms Demand Action, were created by outsiders outraged by the shooting.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: In March 2014, the Newtown city officials announced the design for the new Sandy Hook Elementary School. The only remnant of the original school would be its flagpole.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: A few days later, the Newtown-Sandy Hook Community Foundation released results of a survey with over 1,600 respondents. Among other inquiries, the survey asked residents what should be done with the balance of the $11 million US Dollars in donations that had been received since the incident in 2012. The majority of responses said that money for mental health counseling and other family expenses should be the top priorities. A few responses suggested that some of the money should be used to purchase and tear down the shooter's family home in order to replace it with a park or wildlife sanctuary. Jennifer Barahona, the foundation's executive director, was quoted as saying, "That's not something we're considering at this time. It's really outside of our scope."


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On October 21, building site preparation work began on the new Sandy Hook Elementary School; project updates and progress were posted on a dedicated website. Citing security and privacy reasons and out of respect for the families of victims, no ground breaking ceremony was held. Construction was scheduled to begin in March 2015 with the school expected to open by December 2016.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: In December, it was announced that the town of Newtown will acquire the property and home of Nancy Lanza at no cost. The property at 36 Yogananda St. was part of the Lanza estate, to which surviving son Ryan Lanza is the sole heir. Lanza's attorney, Kenneth Gruder, arranged for the transfer through a series of transactions so that probate records would not show the city acquiring the property from the Lanza family. Gruder said the notoriety of the home had made it essentially unsalable. The home was demolished in March 2015.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: On January 21, 2015, Newtown Legislative Council voted unanimously to demolish the house where Nancy and Adam Lanza lived, and to keep the land as open space. The demolition was completed on March 24, 2015.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: In February 2015, the family of one of the victims, Victoria Soto, applied for trademark protection for her name. The reason for this was to help prevent others from misusing Soto's name on social media and for the benefit of the memorial fund set up in her name. The victim's sister, Jillian, said fake social media accounts existed using her sister's name to promote conspiracy theories about the shooting.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: In July 2016, the new Sandy Hook Elementary School was unveiled and parents were shown around the building. The new school is on the site of the building where the shooting took place, which was demolished and rebuilt with a state grant of around $50 million.


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: In 2013, the Newtown board of selectmen appointed the Sandy Hook Permanent Memorial Commission. Out of 189 design submissions, the commission chose a design created by Dan Affleck and Ben Waldo of SWA Group. $3.7 million to construct the memorial was narrowly approved by Newtown voters in April 2021, and site work began in August 2021. Construction was completed in August 2022. The memorial opened to the public on November 13, 2022, after a private ceremony with the victims' families. It features a stone basin engraved with the names of the victims, with a young sycamore tree at its center. A memorial mass is held every year at St. Rose of Lima Church.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: Where the Crawdads Sing is a 2018 coming-of-age<ref name="Alter_12/21/2019"></ref><ref name="Nicolaou_5/24/2022"></ref><ref name="LitCharts_11/19/2019"></ref> murder mystery novel by American author Delia Owens. The story follows two timelines that slowly intertwine. The first timeline describes the life and adventures of a young girl named Kya as she grows up isolated in the marshes of North Carolina. The second timeline follows an investigation into the apparent murder of Chase Andrews, a local celebrity of Barkley Cove, a fictional coastal town of North Carolina.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: In 1952, six-year-old Catherine Danielle Clark (nicknamed "Kya") watches her mother abandon her and her family due to violent abuse from her husband, Kya's father. While Kya waits in vain for her mother's return, she witnesses her older siblings, Missy, Murph, Mandy, and Jodie, all leave as well, due to their father's drinking and physical abuse.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: Alone with her father—who temporarily stops drinking—Kya learns to fish. Her father gives her his knapsack to hold her collections of shells and feathers. The illiterate Kya paints these shells and feathers, as well as the marsh's creatures and shorelines, with watercolors her mother left behind.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: One day, Kya finds a letter in the mailbox. Her father snatches the letter from her hands as she ran from the mailbox squealing with delight that they had finally received a letter from her mother. After reading the letter he becomes infuriated and burns the letter along with most of her mother's wardrobe and canvases. He returns to drinking and takes long, frequent trips away to gamble. Eventually, he does not return at all, and Kya assumes he is dead, making him the last of the family to leave her alone in the marsh. Without money and family, she survives by gardening and trading fresh mussels and smoked fish for money and gas from Jumpin', a Black man who owns a gasoline station at the boat dock. Jumpin' and his wife Mabel become lifelong friends to Kya, and Mabel collects donated clothing for her.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: As Kya grows up, she faces prejudice from the townspeople of Barkley Cove, North Carolina, who nickname her "The Marsh Girl". She is laughed at by the schoolchildren the only day she goes to school and is called "nasty" and "filthy" by the pastor's wife. However, she becomes friendly with Tate Walker, an old friend of Jodie's who sometimes fishes in the marsh. When Kya loses her bearings one day, Tate leads her home in his boat. Years later, he leaves her feathers from rare birds, then teaches her how to read and write. The two form a romantic relationship until Tate leaves for college at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He promises to return, yet later realizes Kya cannot live in his more civilized world because of how wild and independent she is, and leaves her without saying goodbye.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: In 1965, Kya is 19. Chase Andrews, Barkley Cove's star quarterback and playboy, invites her to a picnic, during which he tries to have sex with her. He later apologizes, but the two form a romantic relationship. He shows her an abandoned fire tower, and she gives him a necklace of a shell he found during their picnic, strung on a rawhide string. Despite her suspicions, she believes Chase's promises of marriage and consummates their relationship in a cheap motel room in Asheville, North Carolina. She’s leaving the grocery store one day and runs into Chase and his fiancé and realizes his promises of marriage were a ruse for sex. She then ends their relationship.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: Tate, having graduated from college, visits Kya and attempts to apologize for having left her and confesses his love for her. Still hurt from his betrayal, she rejects him. Despite this, she allows him inside her shack, and he is impressed by her expanded collection of seashells. He urges her to publish a reference book on seashells, and she does so as well as on seabirds. With the extra money, she renovates her home. The same year, Jodie, now in the Army, also returns to Kya's life, expressing regret he left her alone and breaking the news their mother had suffered from mental illness and died of leukemia two years previously. Kya forgives her mother for leaving but still cannot understand why she never returned. After advising Kya to give Tate a second chance, Jodie sets off for Georgia, leaving Kya a note with his phone number and address.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: Some time later, while relaxing in a cove, Kya is confronted by Chase. After an argument ensues, Chase attacks Kya, beating her and attempting to rape her. She fends him off and loudly threatens to kill him if he doesn't leave her alone. The encounter is witnessed by two fishermen nearby. Back at her shack, Kya fears that reporting the assault would be futile as the town would blame her for "being loose". The next week, she witnesses Chase boating up to her shack and hides until he leaves. Remembering her father's abuse, Kya fears retaliation from Chase, knowing "these men had to have the last punch".


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: Kya is offered a chance to meet her publisher in Greenville, North Carolina, and takes the bus there to meet him. After she returns home the next day, some boys find Chase dead beneath the fire tower. The sheriff, Ed Jackson, believes it to be a murder on the basis of there being no tracks or fingerprints, including Chase's, around the tower. Ed speaks with sources and receives conflicting statements. He learns the shell necklace Kya gave to Chase was missing when his body was found, even though he wore it the night he died. Kya was seen leaving Barkley Cove before the murder, then returning the day after Chase died. There also were red wool fibers on Chase's jacket that belonged to a hat Tate had given to Kya. Convinced she is the culprit responsible for Chase's murder, Ed arrests Kya near Jumpin's wharf, charges her with first-degree murder, and jails her without bail for two months.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: At Kya's trial in 1970, only contradictory and circumstantial evidence is provided. Kya's lawyer, Tom Milton, debunks the prosecutor's arguments as there was no evidence that Kya was at the fire tower on the night of Chase's death. The jury finds her not guilty. She returns home and reconciles with Tate. They live together in her shack until she dies peacefully in her boat at the age of 64. Later, while searching for Kya's will and other documents, Tate finds a hidden box with some of her old possessions and realizes that Kya had written poems under the name of Amanda Hamilton, the poet frequently quoted throughout the book. He also finds a poem that virtually describes the murder of Chase, obviously written from the murderer's point of view. He then finds, underneath the poems, the shell necklace Chase wore until the night he died. There is a clear implication that Kya had killed Chase. Tate then burns the rawhide string and drops the shell onto the beach, choosing to hide Kya's secret forever.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: Ethology, the study of animal behavior, is a topic that is covered in the book. Kya reads about ethology, including an article titled "Sneaky Fuckers", where she learns about female fireflies, who use their coded flashing light signal to lure a male of another species to his death, and about female mantis who lure a male mate and start eating the mate's head and thorax while his abdomen is still copulating with her.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: Crawdad is an American slang word for crayfish: these crustaceans cannot sing, but when Kya's mother encouraged her to explore the marsh, she would often say: "Go as far as you can -– way out yonder where the crawdads sing." When Tate also used the phrase, she asked him the meaning and he replied: "Just means far in the bush where critters are wild, still behaving like critters." Delia Owens was inspired to use the phrase because her own mother had used it when she was a child.<ref name="Weston_7/19/2022"></ref>


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: The book was selected for Reese Witherspoon's Hello Sunshine Book Club in September 2018 and for Barnes & Noble's Best Books of 2018.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: By December 2019, the book had sold over 4.5 million copies, and it sold more print copies in 2019 than any other adult title, fiction or non-fiction. It was also No. 1 for 2019 on Amazon.com's list of Most Sold Books in fiction. It topped "The New York Times" Fiction Best Sellers of 2019 and "The New York Times" Fiction Best Sellers of 2020.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: In late December 2020, "The New York Times" listed it as the #6 hardcover bestseller that year. In 2022, Publishers Weekly ranked it the 14th bestselling book of 2021, with sales of 625,599 copies, and as of late February 2022, the book had spent 150 weeks on the best seller list. In April 2022, it was reported that the book had sold 12 million copies. By July 2022, the book had sold over 15 million copies,<ref name="Lonsdale_7/15/2022"></ref> making it one of the best-selling books of all time.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: Aspects of Kya's life and the novel's narrative choices, including its attitude towards its Black characters, are said to be reminiscent of Owens' time in Zambia, where she, her then husband, and his son are still wanted for questioning in the killing of a poacher captured on film in a 1996 report by ABC News. Owens is not a suspect, but is considered a potential witness.


title: Where the Crawdads Sing

text: Sony Pictures Releasing bought the film rights to the book, and Reese Witherspoon's Hello Sunshine production company produced, with Witherspoon and Lauren Neustadter co-producing. Lucy Alibar adapted the book to film script. Daisy Edgar-Jones plays Kya, with Taylor John Smith and Harris Dickinson as Tate Walker and Chase Andrews, respectively. Filming took place from mid-April through mid/late-June 2021 in and around New Orleans and Houma, Louisiana. On July 5, 2021, "Cosmopolitan" reported that filming had wrapped. The film was released on July 15, 2022. The soundtrack album is by Canadian composer Mychael Danna, additionally Taylor Swift contributed an original song, "Carolina", to the soundtrack.


title: Rashmika Mandanna

text: Rashmika Mandanna (born 5 April 1996) is an Indian actress who works predominantly in Telugu and Kannada films besides few Hindi and Tamil films. She is a recipient of four SIIMA Awards and a Filmfare Award South. She made her acting debut with the Kannada film "Kirik Party" (2016), and went on to work in the Telugu film "Chalo" (2018), the Tamil film "Sulthan" (2021), and the Hindi film "Goodbye" (2022).


title: Rashmika Mandanna

text: Rashmika's most commercially successful films include "Anjani Putra" (2017), "Geetha Govindam" (2018), "Yajamana" (2019), "Sarileru Neekevvaru" (2020), "Bheeshma" (2020), "Pogaru" (2021), "" (2021), and "Sita Ramam" (2022).


title: Rashmika Mandanna

text: Rashmika Mandanna was born on 5 April 1996 in a Kodava family to Suman and Madan Mandanna in Virajpet, a town in Kodagu district of Karnataka. She completed her early schooling from Coorg Public School in Kodagu. She studied for a bachelor's degree in Psychology, Journalism and English Literature at the M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce in Bangalore.


title: Rashmika Mandanna

text: In 2016, Rashmika made her acting debut in "Kirik Party", which went on to become one of the highest-grossing films in Kannada of the year. Rashmika's performance received praise from multiple reviewers. She won SIIMA Award for the Best Debut Actress for the role. In 2017, Rashmika appeared in two Kannada films "Anjani Putra" and "Chamak." She was nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada at 65th Filmfare Awards South for her role in the film "Chamak."


title: Rashmika Mandanna

text: In 2018, she starred in "Geetha Govindam" opposite Vijay Deverakonda, which was also wildly successful. In 2020, Rashmika starred opposite Mahesh Babu in Telugu film "Sarileru Neekevvaru", which became one of the highest-grossing Telugu films. In the same year she appeared in the film "Bheeshma". In 2021, her first release was with the film "Pogaru". Later in "Sulthan" alongside Karthi and in "" starring Allu Arjun. In 2022, Rashmika starred in "Aadavallu Meeku Johaarlu". She then appeared in "Sita Ramam" and "Goodbye".


title: Rashmika Mandanna

text: Rashmika was at 24th position of 'Bangalore Times 25 Most Desirable Women of 2016' and the winner of the 'Bangalore Times 30 Most Desirable women of 2017'. In October 2021, she peaked Forbes India's most influential actors on social media.


title: Rashmika Mandanna

text: Rashmika is also signed for a Tamil film "Varisu" starring Vijay and the Hindi film "Animal" opposite Ranbir Kapoor.


title: Rashmika Mandanna

text: Rashmika began dating her co-star Rakshit Shetty during making of "Kirik Party," and the couple got engaged on 3 July 2017 in a private party at her hometown of Virajpet. The couple mutually broke off their engagement in September 2018, citing compatibility issues.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Benjamin Edward Meara Stiller (born November 30, 1965) is an American actor, comedian, and filmmaker. He is the son of the comedians and actors Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara. Stiller was a member of a group of comedic actors colloquially known as the Frat Pack. His films have grossed more than $2.6 billion in Canada and the United States, with an average of $79 million per film. Throughout his career, he has received various awards and honors, including an Emmy Award, multiple MTV Movie Awards, a Britannia Award and a Teen Choice Award.


title: Ben Stiller

text: While beginning his acting career, Stiller wrote several mockumentaries and was offered a variety sketch comedy series titled "The Ben Stiller Show", which he produced and hosted for its 13-episode run. The series ran on MTV from 1990 to 1992, earning him a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Program. He then appeared on shows such as "Friends", "Curb Your Enthusiasm", and "Arrested Development".


title: Ben Stiller

text: Having previously acted in television, he began acting in films. He made his directorial debut with "Reality Bites" and continued directing films and often starring in them, such as with "The Cable Guy" (1996), "Zoolander" (2001), "Tropic Thunder" (2008), and "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" (2013). During this time he also starred in a string of successful studio comedies including "There’s Something About Mary" (1998), "Along Came Polly" (2004), "Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story" (2004), "Starsky & Hutch" (2004), and "Tower Heist" (2011). Stiller is also widely known for multiple franchise films such as the "Meet the Parents" films (2000–2010), the "Madagascar" franchise (2005–2012), and the "Night at the Museum" trilogy (2006–2014).


title: Ben Stiller

text: He is known for his performances in independent films such as David O. Russell’s "Flirting with Disaster" (1996), Wes Anderson’s "The Royal Tenenbaums" (2001), Noah Baumbach’s’ "Greenberg" (2010), "While We're Young" (2014), and "The Meyerowitz Stories" (2017). In 2018 he directed the Showtime limited series "Escape at Dannemora" earning himself a Directors Guild of America Award and two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Limited Series and Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series. In 2022 he served as a director and executive producer on the Apple TV+ series "Severance" earning two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Drama Series and Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Benjamin Edward Meara Stiller was born on November 30, 1965, in New York City and raised on the Upper West Side. His father, comedian and actor Jerry Stiller, was from a Jewish family that emigrated from Poland and Galicia in Central Europe. His mother, actress and comedian Anne Meara, who was from an Irish Catholic background, converted to Reform Judaism after marrying his father. While they "were never a very religious family", they celebrated both Hanukkah and Christmas, and Stiller had a Bar Mitzvah.


title: Ben Stiller

text: His parents frequently took him on the sets of their appearances, including "The Mike Douglas Show" when he was 6. He considered his childhood unusual, stating: "In some ways, it was a show-business upbringing—a lot of traveling, a lot of late nights—not what you'd call traditional." His older sister, Amy, has appeared in many of his productions, including "Reality Bites", "", and "Zoolander". Stiller displayed an early interest in filmmaking and made Super 8 movies with his sister and friends.


title: Ben Stiller

text: At age 9, Stiller made his acting debut as a guest on his mother's short-lived television series, "Kate McShane". In the late 1970s, he performed with the New York City troupe NYC's First All Children's Theater, playing several roles, including the title role in "Clever Jack and the Magic Beanstalk." After being inspired by the television show "Second City Television" while in high school, Stiller realized that he wanted to get involved with sketch comedy. During his high school years, he was also the drummer of the post-punk band Capital Punishment, which released the studio album "Roadkill" in 1982. The band's bassist, Peter Swann, went on to become a judge on the Arizona Court of Appeals, serving from 2008 until 2022. The band reunited in 2018 to release a new EP, titled "This is Capital Punishment," for Record Store Day. The current status of the band is unknown.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller attended The Cathedral School of St. John the Divine and graduated from the Calhoun School in New York in 1983. He started performing on the cabaret circuit as opening act to the cabaret siren Jadin Wong. Stiller then enrolled as a film student at the University of California, Los Angeles. After nine months, Stiller left school to move back to New York City. He made his way through acting classes, auditioning and trying to find an agent.


title: Ben Stiller

text: When he was approximately 15, Stiller obtained a small part with one line on the television soap opera "Guiding Light", although in an interview he characterized his performance as poor. He was later cast in a role in the 1986 Broadway revival of John Guare's "The House of Blue Leaves", alongside John Mahoney; the production would garner four Tony Awards.


title: Ben Stiller

text: During its run, Stiller produced a satirical mockumentary whose principal was fellow actor Mahoney. Stiller's comedic work was well received by the cast and crew of the play, and he followed up with a 10-minute short titled "The Hustler of Money", a parody of the Martin Scorsese film "The Color of Money". The film featured him in a send-up of Tom Cruise's character and Mahoney in the Paul Newman role, only this time as a bowling hustler instead of a pool shark. The short got the attention of "Saturday Night Live", which aired it in 1987 and two years later offered Stiller a spot as a writer.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 1989 Stiller wrote and appeared on "Saturday Night Live" as a featured performer. However, since the show did not want him to make more short films, he left after four episodes. He then put together "Elvis Stories", a short film about a fictitious tabloid focused on recent sightings of Elvis Presley. The film starred friends and co-stars John Cusack, Jeremy Piven, Mike Myers, Andy Dick, and Jeff Kahn. The film was considered a success, and led him to develop the short film "Going Back to Brooklyn" for MTV; it was a music video starring comedian Colin Quinn that parodied LL Cool J's recent hit "Going Back to Cali".


title: Ben Stiller

text: Producers at MTV were so impressed with "Back to Brooklyn" that they offered Stiller a 13-episode show in the experimental "vid-com" format. Titled "The Ben Stiller Show", this series mixed comedy sketches with music videos and parodied various television shows, music stars, and films. It starred Stiller, along with main writer Jeff Khan and Harry O'Reilly, with his parents and sister making occasional appearances.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Although the show was canceled after its first season, it led to another show titled "The Ben Stiller Show", on the Fox Network in 1992. The series aired 12 episodes on Fox, with a 13th unaired episode broadcast by Comedy Central in a later revival. Among the principal writers on "The Ben Stiller Show" were Stiller and Judd Apatow, with the show featuring the ensemble cast of Stiller, Janeane Garofalo, Andy Dick, and Bob Odenkirk. Both Denise Richards and Jeanne Tripplehorn appeared as extras in various episodes. Throughout its short run, "The Ben Stiller Show" frequently appeared at the bottom of the ratings, even as it garnered critical acclaim and eventually won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program" posthumously.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In the early 1990s, Stiller had minor roles in films such as "Stella" and "Highway to Hell" as well as a cameo in "The Nutt House". In 1992, Stiller was approached to direct "Reality Bites", based on a script by Helen Childress. Stiller devoted the next year and a half to rewriting the script with Childress, fundraising, and recruiting cast members for the film. It was eventually released in early 1994, directed by Stiller and featuring him as a co-star. The film was produced by Danny DeVito, who would later direct Stiller's 2003 film "Duplex" and produce his 2004 film "Along Came Polly".


title: Ben Stiller

text: "Reality Bites" debuted as the highest-grossing film in its opening weekend and received mixed reviews.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller joined his parents in the family film "Heavyweights" (1995), in which he played two roles, and then had a brief uncredited role in Adam Sandler's "Happy Gilmore" (1996). Next, he had lead roles in "If Lucy Fell" and "Flirting with Disaster", before tackling his next directorial effort with "The Cable Guy", which starred Jim Carrey. Stiller once again was featured in his own film, as twins. The film received mixed reviews, but was noted for paying the highest salary for an actor up to that point, as Carrey received $20 million for his work in the film. The film also connected Stiller with future Frat Pack members Jack Black and Owen Wilson.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Also in 1996, MTV invited Stiller to host the VH1 Fashion Awards. Along with "SNL" writer Drake Sather, Stiller developed a short film for the awards about a male model known as Derek Zoolander. It was so well received that he developed another short film about the character for the 1997 VH1 Fashion Awards and finally remade the skit into a film.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 1996, Stiller had a small uncredited role as Hal L., the sadistic orderly running the nursing home in the movie "Happy Gilmore".


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 1998, Stiller put aside his directing ambitions to star in the Farrelly Brothers' "There's Something About Mary", alongside Cameron Diaz, which became a surprise hit with a long-lasting cult following. That year, he starred in several dramas, including "Zero Effect", "Your Friends & Neighbors", and "Permanent Midnight". He was invited to take part in hosting the Music Video awards, for which he developed a parody of the Backstreet Boys and performed a sketch with his father, commenting on his current career.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 1999, he starred in three films, including "Mystery Men", where he played a superhero wannabe called Mr. Furious. He returned to directing with a new spoof television series for Fox titled "Heat Vision and Jack", starring Jack Black; however, the show was not picked up by Fox after its pilot episode and the series was cancelled.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 2000, Stiller starred in three more films, including one of his most recognizable roles, a male nurse named Gaylord "Greg" Focker in "Meet the Parents", opposite Robert De Niro. The film was well received by critics, grossed over $330 million worldwide, and spawned two sequels. Also in 2000, MTV again invited Stiller to make another short film, and he developed "", a spoof of Tom Cruise's role in "" and other films.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 2001, Stiller directed his third feature film, "Zoolander", in which he also starred as Derek Zoolander. The film featured multiple cameos from a variety of celebrities, including Donald Trump, Paris Hilton, Lenny Kravitz, Heidi Klum, and David Bowie, among others. The film was banned in Malaysia (as the plot centered on an assassination attempt of a Malaysian prime minister), while shots of the World Trade Center were digitally removed and hidden for the film's release after the September 11 terrorist attacks.


title: Ben Stiller

text: After Stiller worked with Owen Wilson in "Zoolander", they joined forces again for "The Royal Tenenbaums".


title: Ben Stiller

text: Over the next two years, Stiller continued with the lackluster box office film "Duplex", and cameos in "Orange County" and "Nobody Knows Anything!" He has guest-starred on several television shows, including an appearance in an episode of the television series "The King of Queens", in a flashback as the father of the character Arthur (played by Jerry Stiller). He also made a guest appearance on World Wrestling Entertainment's WWE Raw.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 2004, Stiller appeared in six different films, all of which were comedies, and include some of his highest-grossing films: "Starsky & Hutch", "Envy", "", "" (in which he had an uncredited cameo), "Along Came Polly", and "Meet the Fockers". While the critical flop "Envy" only grossed $14.5 million, the most successful film of these was "Meet the Fockers", which grossed over $516.6 million worldwide.


title: Ben Stiller

text: He also made extended guest appearances on "Curb Your Enthusiasm" and "Arrested Development" in the same year. In 2005, Stiller appeared in "Madagascar", which was his first experience as a voice actor in an animated film. "Madagascar" was a massive worldwide hit, and spawned the sequels "" in 2008 and "" in 2012.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 2006, Stiller had cameo roles in "School for Scoundrels" and "Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny"; he was executive producer of the latter. In December 2006, he had the lead role in "Night at the Museum". Although not a critical favorite, it earned over $115 million in ten days.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 2007, Stiller starred alongside Malin Åkerman in the romantic comedy "The Heartbreak Kid". The film earned over $100 million worldwide despite receiving mostly negative reviews.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 2008, Stiller directed, co-wrote, co-produced, and starred in the film "Tropic Thunder", with Robert Downey Jr. and Jack Black; Stiller had originally conceived of the film's premise while filming "Empire of the Sun" in 1987.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 2010, Stiller made a brief cameo in Joaquin Phoenix's mockumentary "I'm Still Here" and played the lead role in the comedy-drama "Greenberg". He again portrayed Greg Focker in the critically panned but financially successful "Little Fockers", the second sequel to "Meet the Parents". He originally had planned to voice the titular protagonist of "Megamind" along with Robert Downey Jr., but later dropped out and was replaced by Will Ferrell while still remaining an executive producer and voicing a minor character in the film, a museum curator named Bernard.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 2011, Stiller starred with Eddie Murphy and Alan Alda in "Tower Heist", about a group of maintenance workers planning a heist in a residential skyscraper. He produced, directed, and starred in "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty", which was released in 2013.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller has been described as the "acknowledged leader" of the Frat Pack, a core group of actors who have worked together in multiple films. The group includes Jack Black, Will Ferrell, Vince Vaughn, Owen Wilson, Luke Wilson, Steve Carell and Paul Rudd. Stiller has been acknowledged as the leader of the group because of his multiple cameos and for his consistent use of the other members in roles in films which he produces and directs. He has appeared the most with Owen Wilson (in 12 films). Of the 35 primary films that are considered Frat Pack films, Stiller has been involved with 20, in some capacity.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller is also the only member of this group to have appeared in a Brat Pack film ("Fresh Horses"). He rejects the "Frat Pack" label, saying in a 2008 interview that the concept was "completely fabricated".


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller dated several actresses during his early television and film career, including Jeanne Tripplehorn, Calista Flockhart, and Amanda Peet.


title: Ben Stiller

text: In May 2000, Stiller married actress Christine Taylor at an oceanfront ceremony in Kauai, Hawaii. The two had met in 1999, while filming a never-broadcast television pilot for the Fox Broadcasting network called "Heat Vision and Jack". Taylor and Stiller appeared together in the films "Zoolander", "", "Tropic Thunder", "Zoolander 2" and in the TV series "Arrested Development" and "Curb Your Enthusiasm". Both adopted a vegetarian diet for health reasons.


title: Ben Stiller

text: After 17 years of marriage, Taylor and Stiller separated in 2017. They later reconciled after living together during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The couple live in quiet Westchester County, New York and Manhattan and have a daughter Ella Olivia (b. 2002) and a son Quinlin Dempsey "Quinn" Stiller (b. 2005).


title: Ben Stiller

text: In 2001, Stiller appeared as a celebrity contestant on the game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire". He won $32,000 for his charity Project ALS, after incorrectly answering his $250,000 question in an attempt to equal Edie Falco's $250,000 win.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller supports such charities as Declare Yourself, the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, and the Starlight Starbright Children's Foundation. In 2010, Stiller, together with Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Robin Williams, and others, starred in "The Cove PSA: My Friend is... ", in an effort to stop the slaughter of dolphins. He was appointed Goodwill Ambassador for UNHCR on July 2, 2018.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller frequently impersonates such performers as Bono, Tom Cruise, Bruce Springsteen, and David Blaine. In an interview with "Parade", he commented that Robert Klein, George Carlin, and Jimmie Walker were inspirations for his comedy career. Stiller is also a self-professed Trekkie and appeared in the television special "Star Trek: 30 Years and Beyond" to express his love of the show, as well as a comedy roast for William Shatner. He frequently references the show in his work, and named his production company Red Hour Productions after a time of day in the original series episode, "The Return of the Archons".


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller considers Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to be his "hero", and he visited him in Kyiv in June 2022; on the same trip Stiller visited Lviv, Irwin and Makarov to bring attention to the humanitarian need of refugees in Poland and Ukraine. Russia sanctions Ben Stiller over his Ukraine support.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller is a supporter of the Democratic Party and donated money to John Kerry's 2004 U.S. presidential campaign. In February 2007, Stiller attended a fundraiser for Barack Obama and later donated to the 2008 U.S. presidential campaigns of Democrats Obama, John Edwards, and Hillary Clinton.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller was diagnosed with prostate cancer in June 2014 and was declared cancer-free in September 2014 following the surgical removal of his prostate.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller has mostly appeared in comedy films. He is an Emmy Award winner for his television show, "The Ben Stiller Show".


title: Ben Stiller

text: Stiller was awarded an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program" for his work on "The Ben Stiller Show". He has been nominated twelve times for the Teen Choice Awards, and won once, for "Choice Hissy Fit" for his work in "Zoolander". He has been nominated for the MTV Movie Awards thirteen times, and has won three times: for "Best Fight" in "There's Something About Mary", "Best Comedic Performance" in "Meet the Parents", and "Best Villain" in "DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story". He received the MTV Movie Awards' MTV Generation Award, the ceremony's top honor, in 2009. On March 31, 2007, Stiller received the "Wannabe Award" (given to a celebrity whom children "want to be" like) at the Kids' Choice Awards.


title: Ben Stiller

text: Princeton University's Class of 2005 inducted Stiller as an honorary member of the class during its "Senior Week" in April 2005. On February 23, 2007, Stiller received the Hasty Pudding Man of the Year award from Harvard's Hasty Pudding Theatricals. According to the organization, the award is given to performers who give a lasting and impressive contribution to the world of entertainment. In 2011 he was awarded the BAFTA Britannia – Charlie Chaplin Britannia Award for Excellence in Comedy by BAFTA Los Angeles. In 2014, Stiller was nominated for Best Actor at the 40th Saturn Awards for "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty". On February 2, 2019, Stiller won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Movies for Television and Limited Series for his miniseries, "Escape at Dannemora".


title: Ben Stiller

text: On February 6, 2016, Stiller set the "Guinness World Record" for longest selfie stick (8.56 meters) at the World Premiere of "Zoolander 2".


title: Tenet (film)

text: Tenet is a 2020 science fiction action thriller film directed and written by Christopher Nolan, who also produced with his wife Emma Thomas. A co-production between the United Kingdom and the United States, it stars John David Washington, Robert Pattinson, Elizabeth Debicki, Dimple Kapadia, Michael Caine, and Kenneth Branagh. The film follows a former CIA agent who learns how to manipulate the flow of time to prevent an attack from the future that threatens to annihilate the present world. Nolan continued his relationship with Warner Bros. and his production company Syncopy for the film's production and distribution.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Nolan took more than five years to write the screenplay after deliberating about "Tenet" central ideas for over a decade. Pre-production began in late 2018, casting took place in March 2019, and principal photography lasted six months, from May to November, in Denmark, Estonia, India, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema shot on 65 mm film and IMAX. After being delayed three times because of the COVID-19 pandemic, "Tenet" was released in the United Kingdom on August 26, 2020, and in the United States on September 3, 2020, in IMAX, 35 mm, and 70 mm.


title: Tenet (film)

text: It was the first Hollywood tent-pole to open in theaters after the pandemic and grossed $365 million worldwide on a $200 million budget, making it the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2020 but also a box office disappointment. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised its ambition, direction, musical score, VFX, action sequences, and cast performances (particularly Washington, Debicki, and Pattinson), but received criticism directed towards its confusing story and "difficult to hear" sound mixing. It won Best Visual Effects at the 93rd Academy Awards, where it was also nominated for Best Production Design.


title: Tenet (film)

text: On a date called "the 14th", the Protagonist leads a covert CIA extraction during a staged terrorist siege at a Kyiv Opera House. He is saved from KORD by an oddly behaving operative with a red trinket. The Protagonist retrieves the artifact but his team is sabotaged, captured, and tortured. He swallows a suicide pill but wakes up to find it was a fake; a test that only he has passed. Recruited by a secretive organization known as "Tenet", they brief him on bullets with "inverted" entropy that move backwards through time. With his handler Neil, he traces them to Priya Singh, an arms dealer in Mumbai.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Priya reveals she is in Tenet and that her bullets were inverted by Russian oligarch Andrei Sator, who is communicating with the future. Sir Michael Crosby advises they approach Sator's estranged wife Kat Barton, an art appraiser who authenticated a forged Goya painting that Sator purchased from her friend Arepo, which he now uses to blackmail her. To get Kat's help, they try to steal the Goya from Sator's freeport facility at Oslo Airport, but are thwarted by two masked men who emerge from either side of a machine. In Mumbai, Priya explains it was a "turnstile", a device that inverts entropy – the two men were the same person, traveling in opposite directions through time; she reveals that Sator sabotaged his Kyiv CIA team but KORD got the artifact, plutonium-241, and are moving it through Tallinn.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Unaware of his Goya failure, Kat introduces the Protagonist to Sator, who plans to kill him until he mentions Kyiv. When he saves Sator's life after Kat tries to drown him, they cooperate to intercept the artifact. The Protagonist and Neil steal it in Tallinn but are ambushed by an inverted Sator holding Kat hostage. The Protagonist hides the artifact and rescues Kat, but they are recaptured and taken to Sator’s Tallinn freeport, where the inverted Sator interrogates them for the location of the artifact, shooting Kat with an inverted bullet. Tenet troops led by commander Ives arrive, but Sator escapes via a turnstile. To heal Kat's wound, they all invert. The inverted Protagonist drives back to the ambush to retrieve the artifact but encounters Sator who takes it.


title: Tenet (film)

text: To un-invert, the Protagonist must travel back in time to the freeport in Oslo and fight his past self to enter its turnstile, followed by Neil and a healing Kat. In Oslo, Priya tells him Sator now has all nine pieces of the "Algorithm", a device that future antagonists need to invert the entropy of the world and destroy its past. She planned for Sator to get the artifact so as to reveal the other eight pieces in preparing his dead drop. Based on his earlier conversation with Crosby, the Protagonist realizes it is a nuclear hypocenter detonated on "the 14th" in Sator’s hometown of Stalsk-12.


title: Tenet (film)

text: On a Tenet ship traveling back to "the 14th", Kat reveals Sator has terminal cancer and is omnicidal. They deduce he will return to a happy moment on a family vacation in Vietnam that was also on "the 14th" and commit suicide, sending the dead drop coordinates to the future via a dead man's switch. Arriving at "the 14th", Kat goes to Vietnam to pose as her past self and keep Sator alive until the Tenet forces in Stalsk-12 recover the Algorithm. They use a "temporal pincer movement", with both non-inverted and inverted troops making a diversionary attack so the Protagonist and Ives can discreetly steal the Algorithm before detonation. One of Sator's men, Volkov, traps them in the hypocenter, and Sator calls from Vietnam to explain the antagonists are trying to escape the effects of climate change.


title: Tenet (film)

text: As Sator hangs up, an inverted soldier with a red trinket sacrifices himself, letting them escape with the Algorithm as the hypocenter detonates while Kat kills Sator. As they break up the Algorithm to hide it, the Protagonist sees the red trinket on Neil's bag. Neil reveals he was recruited in his past by a future Protagonist, and that they have known each other for a long time, but that he must now return to the recent timeline in which an inverted Neil dies. Later, as Priya is about to kill Kat given her knowledge, the Protagonist, realizing he created Tenet, kills Priya first.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Also appearing are Jefferson Hall, the Well Dressed Man, who the Protagonist tries to rescue (with the package) at the Kyiv opera house; Andrew Howard as [Kyiv] Driver, who sabotages the CIA's Kyiv operation and tortures the Protagonist; Wes Chatham as SWAT 3, a member of the Protagonist's covert CIA team in Kyiv; Denzil Smith as Sanjay Singh, Priya's husband; Jeremy Theobald as the steward at Sir Michael Crosby's club; Laurie Shepherd as Max, Kat and Sator's only son; and Jack Cutmore-Scott as Klaus, an employee at Sator's Rotas freeport in Oslo.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Writer and director Christopher Nolan conceived the ideas behind "Tenet" over the course of twenty years, but began working on the script in 2014. The title, as well as being a palindrome, is an allusion to the Sator Square. Inspired by a feeling about how he imagined Sergio Leone made "Once Upon a Time in the West" (1968), Nolan tried not to watch any spy movies that might influence him while making "Tenet", instead relying on his memories of the films.


title: Tenet (film)

text: The science-fiction aspect of the film revolves around the ability to reverse the entropy of things and people, resulting in time reversibility. While the film does refer to real concepts from physics, among them annihilation, the second law of thermodynamics, Maxwell's demon, the grandfather paradox, and Feynman and Wheeler's Absorber Theory, Nolan stated in the film's press notes that "we're not going to make any case for this being scientifically accurate". Commenting on the scientific aspects of writing the script, he stated: "I think the scientific method is the best tool we have for analysing and understanding the world around us ... I've been very inspired by working with great scientists like Kip Thorne, who I worked with on "Interstellar", who also helped me out with some early analysis of the ideas I wanted to explore to do with time and quantum physics on "Tenet", although I promised him I wasn't going to bandy his name around as if there was some kind of scientific reality to "Tenet". It's a very different kettle of fish to "Interstellar"."


title: Tenet (film)

text: For both the production and the distribution of the film, which had an estimated budget of $200 million, Nolan continued his relationship with Warner Bros. and his production company Syncopy. Nolan and production designer Nathan Crowley traveled to scout for locations in February and April 2019. Disappointed with the Royal Swedish Opera as a potential stand-in for the Kyiv Opera House, Crowley instead chose the Linnahall, which fit his affinity for Brutalist architecture. The production decided to film at the National Liberal Club after management at Sotheby's refused to participate, at Cannon Hall after Thornhill Primary School in Islington and Channing School were deemed unsatisfactory, and at Shree Vardhan Tower after it was determined that security at the Antilia was too high to film there.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Washington, Pattinson, and Debicki were cast in March 2019. Each of them was only permitted to read the screenplay while locked in a room. Nolan chose Washington based on his performance in "BlacKkKlansman" (2018). Washington kept diaries in which he expanded the Protagonist's backstory. Pattinson took some of Neil's mannerisms from political journalist and author Christopher Hitchens. Kat was originally going to be an older woman, but Debicki's appearance in "Widows" (2018) convinced the filmmakers otherwise.


title: Tenet (film)

text: The casting of Dimple Kapadia, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Clémence Poésy, Michael Caine, and Kenneth Branagh was announced as filming started. Kapadia's screen test was put together by director Homi Adajania while working on his 2020 film "Angrezi Medium". Caine was only given the pages from the script that included what was filmed on his one day of work. Branagh rescheduled production on his own directorial venture "Death on the Nile" (2022) to take his part, claiming to have studied the manuscript more times than any other in his career. Himesh Patel joined the production in August. Martin Donovan's inclusion was revealed in the first trailer for the film.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Special effects supervisor Scott R. Fisher watched World War II films and documentaries to find reference points for the film that were based in reality. Prop prototypes were often 3D printed. Costume designer Jeffrey Kurland and his team cut and stitched the clothing for the film in the United States, manufacturing it for the main cast and thousands of extras. Production designer Nathan Crowley ordered around thirty military wristwatches from Hamilton Watch Company, each analog with a digital countdown.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Principal photography, involving a crew that Pattinson estimated at 500 people, began on May 22, 2019, in a soundstage in Los Angeles, and eventually incorporated seven countries—Denmark, Estonia, India, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Filming in Estonia took place in June and July, with the Linnahall, Pärnu Highway (E67), and adjacent streets closed to facilitate the production. Kumu Art Museum doubled as the fictional Oslo Freeport. Barbara's office was built in a former law court, the Tallinn Freeport exterior was at the city docks, and a room at the Hilton Tallinn Park Hotel was also utilized. Mayor of Tallinn Mihhail Kõlvart expressed concerns about potential disruptions, as the shooting schedule required that the arterial Laagna Road be closed for one month. A compromise was eventually reached, involving temporary road closures and detours.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Scenes were shot on the Amalfi Coast (Italy) and at Cannon Hall (United Kingdom) from July to August, and on the roof of the Oslo Opera House, at The Thief hotel (Norway), and in Rødbyhavn at Nysted Wind Farm (Denmark) in early September. A five-day shoot occurred later that month in Mumbai, specifically at Breach Candy Hospital, Cafe Mondegar, Colaba Causeway, Colaba Market, Gateway of India, Grant Road, Royal Bombay Yacht Club, and the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel. A restaurant named "Chaand" was erected near the hotel, but was never used, serving only as an unneeded alternate location. Forty boats were positioned at the Gateway of India, where the crew rescued a man who had attempted suicide.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Production proceeded in Los Angeles, where Hawthorne Plaza Shopping Center functioned as the interior set of an icebreaker and a shipping container. The Victorville Airport was disguised as Oslo, with more than ninety extras involved. Instead of using miniatures and visual effects (VFX) for the plane crash sequence, Nolan determined that purchasing a Boeing 747 proved more cost-effective. In October, filming moved to Eagle Mountain, where an abandoned town had been constructed and hundreds were clothed in military camouflage uniforms. Over thirty buildings were prefabricated in Los Angeles and shipped to the site. Four Boeing CH-47 Chinooks were loaned out for four days. Outside shots of a tunnel were done in the desert, while the cavernous insides of the Hypocenter were fashioned on Warner Soundstage 16, their largest, with 32,130 square feet. "Tenet" wrapped on November 12, after 96 days of shooting.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Director of photography Hoyte van Hoytema employed a combination of 65 mm film and IMAX, prioritizing Panavision lenses that would best accommodate lower light. Segments of the film that concerned time inversion were captured in both backward- and forward-mobility and speech. To ensure proficiency in handling firearms, Washington and Pattinson attended the Taran Tactical firing range in Simi Valley. They did some of their own stunts. Over one hundred watercraft were recruited for the film, including two F50 catamarans, the superyacht "Planet Nine" (onto which an Mi-8 helicopter landed), an icebreaker, a cargo tanker, fishing boats, and speedboats. The windfarm vessel "Iceni Revenge" was utilized for the three months spent filming in Denmark, Estonia, and Italy.


title: Tenet (film)

text: During filming, sound designer Richard King sent a team to Eagle Mountain to record the Chinooks and Mi-8, and to Southampton to record the F50 catamarans. Others were hired to capture the aural atmosphere of Oslo, Mumbai, and Tallinn. King got audio of both live and blank automatic weapon rounds at a gun range in San Francisquito Canyon and rented a runway to test how the vehicles in the film sound.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Jennifer Lame replaced Nolan's long-time editor Lee Smith, who was occupied with 2019's "1917". Visual effects supervisor Andy Lockley said the film's VFX shots involved the participation of 300 employees at DNEG.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Ludwig Göransson was chosen to compose the film's music after Nolan's frequent collaborator and first choice, Hans Zimmer, turned down the offer in favor of the 2021 film "Dune". Researching retrograde composition led Göransson to generate melodies that would sound the same forward and backward. He experimented with distorted industrial noise and, to represent Sator's irradiated breathing, asked Nolan to tape his own breath in a studio. Göransson produced ten to fifteen minutes of music each week. The first scoring session was held in November 2019, and sessions continued into early 2020. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Göransson recorded musicians at their homes. The "Tenet" soundtrack contains "The Plan", a song by Travis Scott, which plays over the film's closing credits.


title: Tenet (film)

text: In August 2019, Warner Bros. debuted a forty-second teaser ahead of "Hobbs & Shaw" previews, which was published online in December. Yohana Desta of "Vanity Fair" called it an "old-school surprise" and praised Göransson's score, while Jim Vejvoda of "IGN" described it as ""Inception" with time travel". Both Vejvoda and "IndieWire" Zack Sharf noted the trailer's stylization of the film's title as "TENƎꓕ" to emphasize the palindromic nature. The film's prologue also played in select IMAX theaters before screenings of "", which Kyle Kizu of "The Hollywood Reporter" favorably compared to the prologue of Nolan's other films. The film's logo was altered in May 2020 to remove the inverted stylization due to its similarity with that of a bicycle components manufacturer. The final trailer was released in August and featured Scott's single. A making-of video was released on August 26.


title: Tenet (film)

text: The marketing and promotion of the film was significantly hampered due to postponements caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, with executives calculating that each postponement cost Warner Bros. between $200,000 and $400,000 in marketing fees. Eventually, after briefly being held up indefinitely, Glenn Whipp of the "Los Angeles Times" noted that Warner Bros. did not put "Tenet" on the Academy's streaming platform or send out screeners to awards voters. Given the large investment in the film, part of its marketing campaign involved dual promotions with the watch manufacturer Hamilton and "Fortnite", both of whom assisted in increasing public awareness of the forthcoming film. Hamilton featured Washington wearing the watch and endorsing it in multiple ad campaigns, while "Fortnite" developer Epic Games worked on the pre-release trailer for the film and created an interview with Washington which was featured on multiple video game websites.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Warner Bros. originally scheduled "Tenet" for a July 17, 2020, release in IMAX, 35 mm, and 70 mm film. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was delayed to July 31, and then August 12. The studio finally arranged for the film to be released in seventy countries, with a run time of 150 minutes, on August 26, following preview screenings in Australia and South Korea on August 22 and 23. The film opened in select cities in the United States on September 3, gradually expanding in the ensuing weeks. On September 4, it was released in China. "Tenet" was the first Hollywood tent-pole to launch in theaters following their prolonged shutdown. The lack of available movies afforded it more screens per multiplex than would otherwise have been possible.


title: Tenet (film)

text: On March 2, 2021, Warner Bros. announced that, in light of the New York state government allowing film theaters in New York City to re-open on Friday, March 5, following a nearly year-long shutdown (causing theaters in the city to miss out on the film's initial theatrical run), they would be re-releasing "Tenet" at select theaters in the city.


title: Tenet (film)

text: In the Philippines, the film was released on HBO Go streaming platform on June 12, 2021, following the year-long indefinite closure of theaters in the country in response of a potential COVID-19 surge, becoming the last major Asian country to do so.


title: Tenet (film)

text: The film was released on 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on December 15, 2020. It was added to HBO Max on May 1, 2021.


title: Tenet (film)

text: "Tenet" grossed $58.5 million in the United States and Canada and $306.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $363.7 million. With a production budget of $200 million, it is Nolan's most expensive original project. IndieWire speculated that marketing costs pushed the final sum to $300–350 million, though some analysts predicted it would incur lower advertising costs than usual, owing to inexpensive live sports ads. Box office analyst Jeff Bock estimated the film would need to make $400–500 million to break even. In November 2020, rival studios expected the film to lose up to $100 million, but Warner Bros. insisted losses would not top $50 million. Nolan reportedly received twenty percent of the film's first-dollar gross.


title: Tenet (film)

text: The film was projected to make $25–30 million internationally over its first five days. In South Korea, pre-sale IMAX tickets sold out, and weekend previews earned $717,000 from 590 venues. Another four days in the country yielded $4.13 million from about 2,200 screens, bringing the cume to $5.1 million by the end of the week. "Tenet" debuted to $53 million in forty-one countries, grossing $7.1 million in the United Kingdom, $6.7 million in France, and $4.2 million in Germany. It made $58.1 million its second weekend, with China ($30 million from first showings), the U.K. ($13.1 million), France ($10.7 million), Germany ($8.7 million), and South Korea ($8.2 million) as the largest markets. It made $30.6 million its third weekend, earning $16.4 million in the UK, $13.2 million in France, $11.4 million in Germany, $10.3 million in South Korea, and $10.2 million in China. The film earned $11.4 million in its first two weeks in Japan, and, after opening in India on December 4, 2020, made about $1.2 million in its first ten days in the country. In Estonia, "Tenet" became the highest-grossing film of all time, with a total gross of $1.2 million.


title: Tenet (film)

text: In the United States and Canada, with 65% of theaters operating at 25–40% capacity, the film earned $20.2 million from 2,810 theaters in its first eleven days of release: $12 million in the U.S., $2.5 million in Canada, and the rest from previews. The second, third, and fourth weekends added $6.6 million, $4.6 million, and $3.3 million, respectively. "Tenet" remained atop the American box office its fifth weekend with $2.7 million, before ceding the number one spot to "The War with Grandpa" its sixth weekend.


title: Tenet (film)

text: "Tenet" divided critics, with "USA Today" Jenna Ryu and the "Los Angeles Times" Christi Carras respectively describing the reviews as "mixed" and "all over the place". "The Independent" Clémence Michallon wrote that the film was perceived as "both entertaining and 'cerebral' by some, but lacking and confusing by others". Ellise Shafer of "Variety" found that, while some were weary of the film's "metaphysical babble", reviews were "largely positive", with critics overall naming it "a mind-blowing addition to Nolan's already-impressive arsenal". On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, of critics gave "Tenet" a positive review, with an average rating of ; the website's critical consensus reads: "A visually dazzling puzzle for film lovers to unlock, "Tenet" serves up all the cerebral spectacle audiences expect from a Christopher Nolan production." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100 based on 50 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, and PostTrak reported that 80% of those gave the film a positive score, with 65% saying they would recommend it.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Guy Lodge of "Variety" described "Tenet" as a "grandly entertaining, time-slipping spectacle". "The Guardian" critic Peter Bradshaw felt it was both "madly preposterous" and "amazing cinema". Kevin Maher of "The Times" awarded the film a full five stars, deeming it "a delightfully convoluted masterpiece". Robbie Collin of "The Telegraph" likened it to Nolan's "Inception" and praised the "depth, subtlety and wit of Pattinson and Debicki's performances". In his review for "Rolling Stone", Peter Travers described the film as "pure, ravishing cinema" and called Washington a "star-in-the-making" who "brings a natural athletic grace to the stunts and hand-to-hand combat". "The Dispatch" Alec Dent found "Tenet" to have "a gloriously innovative storyline with incredible visuals to match". Mark Daniell of the "Toronto Sun" gave the film four out of four stars, deeming it "the cinematic equivalent of a Rubik's Cube". Richard Roeper of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave it out of 4 stars, praising Debicki's "mesmerizing" portrayal and concluding that "it's the kind of film that reminds us of the magic of the moviegoing experience", despite not reaching "cinematic greatness". Keith Phillips of "The Ringer" wrote that "Tenet" has the makings of a cult film, with "a failed release due to the pandemic, a muted critical reception, and a twisty narrative that demands multiple viewings". Director Denis Villeneuve called the film "a masterpiece" and "an incredible cinematic achievement".


title: Tenet (film)

text: James Berardinelli noted that the film "may be the most challenging of Nolan's films to date" in terms of "the concepts forming the narrative's foundation: backwards-moving entropy, non-linear thinking, temporal paradoxes", but questioned whether its runtime "might prove to be problematic". Leslie Felperin of "The Hollywood Reporter" felt that Washington was "dashing but a little dull" and that Debicki's performance "adds a color to Nolan's palette, and [she] has persuasive chemistry with Branagh in their joint portrait of a violent, dysfunctional love-hate relationship". She concluded that "Tenet" is "rich in audacity and originality," but lacks "a certain humanity". Jessica Kiang of "The New York Times" described the film as Nolan's "time-bending" take on James Bond, praising the film's cinematography, score, editing, acting, and "immaculately creaseless costumes", while also deeming it a "hugely expensive, blissfully empty spectacle". "LA Weekly" Asher Luberto also highlighted the similarities between "Tenet" and the James Bond films, but also felt it was "a daring, surprising and entirely original piece of work, reverent in its spectacle and haunting in its mesmerizing, dreamlike form". Branagh's character was described by some critics as a stereotypical Russian villain. Christina Newland of "Vulture.com" called Branagh "silly-accented ... as a Bond-villain-esque Russian mastermind".


title: Tenet (film)

text: Mike McCahill of IndieWire gave the film a "C−" grade and called it "a humorless disappointment". Michael Phillips of the "Chicago Tribune" awarded it two out of four stars, writing that he wished the film "exploited its own ideas more dynamically". The "New York Post" Johnny Oleksinski also gave it two out of four stars, calling it Nolan's most "confusing" work so far, but acknowledged being "swept up by Nolan's incomparable cinematic vision". Kathleen Sachs of the "Chicago Reader" gave the film out of 4 stars, concluding that Nolan "doesn't show much growth in his most recent self-indulgent work". Brian Lloyd of "Entertainment.ie" said poor sound mixing "often" rendered dialog inaudible when viewed on 35 mm film, suggesting viewing the film on Digital Cinema Package files to reduce the problem. The "San Francisco Chronicle" Mick LaSalle also found "Tenet" "difficult to understand," and continued that "even worse, it inspires little desire to understand it".


title: Tenet (film)

text: "Tenet" received nominations for Best Production Design and Best Visual Effects at the 93rd Academy Awards, winning the latter. At the 74th British Academy Film Awards, the film won the Best Special Visual Effects award, and also won an award in the same category at the 26th Critics' Choice Awards, out of its five nominations. It received a nomination for Best Original Score at the 78th Golden Globe Awards. Other nominations include five Satellite Awards (winning one), nine Saturn Awards (winning one), and one Hugo Award nomination.


title: Tenet (film)

text: "Tenet"s complex plot and character timelines, ambiguities and hidden details have been analysed, leading to various fan theories and interpretations.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Palindromes appear throughout the film in various guises. The five-letter words from the palindromic Sator Square appear as names and locations in the film: 'Sator' (the Russian oligarch); 'Arepo' (the art forger); 'Tenet' (the name of the film and the Protagonist's organisation); 'Opera' (the opening scene takes place at the Kyiv Opera House); and 'Rotas' (the name of the security company running Oslo Freeport). There is a further nod to the word 'Tenet' in the film's final battle in which the red and blue teams each have 'ten' minutes to carry out their non-inverted ('ten') and inverted ('net' ) operations in Stalsk-12. When the Protagonist is being tortured, trains pass by in opposite directions. Ludwig Göransson's score includes melodies that sound the same forward and backward. The film itself is a form of 'temporal palindrome', as it ends at the same time as the events of the beginning of the film were taking place, "the 14th".


title: Tenet (film)

text: The colors red and blue appear frequently throughout the film, often juxtaposed. They are used respectively to denote non-inverted and inverted people and other objects, including on the soldiers' armbands and in Sator's interrogation room. Other appearances include in the opening credits (the red Warner Bros. logo and blue Syncopy Inc. logo), the flashing lights and badges on the SWAT team vans at the opera siege, Kat's clothing, the red raspberries in a glass bowl that Kat smashes to the floor, the blue lorry and red fire engine in the plutonium-241 heist, the red tag on Neil's bag, and the blue boat in the boat race (which also reverses direction, reminiscent of inversion).


title: Tenet (film)

text: Several characters have complex timelines in the film due to inverting and reverting, notably Neil, the Protagonist, Sator and Kat. Inversion allows multiple versions of a character to exist simultaneously; for instance, there are five simultaneous Neils (that we know of) in the world during the moments of the climactic scene inside the Stalsk-12 hypocenter where he dies (two inverted and one normal on the battlefield, one inverted at the opera siege and one more normal somewhere else in the world who will later meet the Protagonist in Neil's first appearance of the film), and the implication is that an older future Protagonist is orchestrating the events of the film behind the scenes without ever being seen by the viewer or his past self, in an example of a temporal pincer movement. Inversion also sets up bootstrap paradoxes, whereby events are caused by themselves in a 'chicken or the egg' scenario.


title: Tenet (film)

text: Free will is a theme in "Tenet". There are suggestions that "Tenet"'s universe is deterministic, so what happens (including bootstrap paradoxes) will always happen, and consequently, there is arguably no free will. One of the film's common refrains, "ignorance is our ammunition", could hint at the illusionist stance that free will does not exist but people should act as if they have free will. However, the characters (especially Neil) express uncertainty as to whether history can be altered, and say several times during the film, "what's happened, happened". Neil's attitude towards free will could be interpreted as compatibilist, whereby free will and determinism are seen as compatible. Kat is seen as the character who most strongly embodies free will in "Tenet" by choosing to stray from the plan and shoot Sator, at which point she is free from his control. Kat relays to the Protagonist that when she was returning with Max to Sator's yacht in Vietnam and saw a woman (her future self, unbeknownst to past Kat) diving gracefully off the yacht, she felt jealous of that woman's freedom. Similarly, there is uncertainty in "Tenet" regarding the grandfather paradox and whether the use of the Algorithm in the future, wiping out the past (the time of the events in "Tenet"), would also wipe out the future.


title: Tenet (film)

text: There are various theories about Hitchcockian doubles in the film, including that Neil is Max, Ives is Max, Ives is Sir Michael Crosby, and Kat is the head of Tenet in the future, with the Protagonist subordinate to her. However, despite possible hints (whether deliberate or accidental) towards these theories in the film, they are inconsistent with other aspects, such as characters' ages in the film if they inverted from the future. Other theories include that the Oppenheimer-like scientist in the future who invented the Algorithm is an older Barbara or Barbara's daughter, as Barbara is visibly pregnant in the film (Clémence Poésy was pregnant with her second child at the time); or Priya, who may have inverted herself from the future along with the Algorithm pieces and lied about her suicide. One reason for ambiguity in this case is because it is unclear exactly what timescale Priya means when she says that a female scientist built the Algorithm "generations from now" (and she may be deliberately misleading anyway).


title: Tenet (film)

text: Another Hitchcockian theory is that the Algorithm is a MacGuffin that does not actually possess its purported entropy-manipulating properties and is an elaborate fabrication by the future Protagonist to ensure the events of the film take place, for some other reason (e.g. because Kat's son will play an important role in the future and needs to be separated from Sator).


title: Tenet (film)

text: Unreliable narrators are possibly a feature of "Tenet". Many of the characters are operating with incomplete information (like the viewer of the film) and carrying out their mission in blind faith, which may be one of the reasons why Nolan chose the word "tenet" (meaning a principle on which a belief is based) as the film's title. For example: Sator acts based on information from the future from people he and the audience never meet; the information we are provided about the Algorithm is uncertain and may be false, with the device actually being a MacGuffin designed by the future Protagonist; and we only hear about the scientist who invented the Algorithm and committed suicide from Priya, who it has been conjectured may be the scientist herself and is covering her tracks. Some have questioned whether the Protagonist is really a protagonist or an antagonist — assuming that the Algorithm would have the effect desired by whomever has recruited Sator from the future, by trying to prevent the Algorithm being deployed the Protagonist could effectively be dooming future generations to catastrophic climate change in order to save his current generation, which is morally dubious and raises questions about intergenerational equity. However, the Protagonist might also be motivated to stop the Algorithm being deployed because of the risk of a grandfather paradox effect that obliterates the future as well as his generation. Moreover, there is a theory that Sator is actually working for the future Protagonist, which could align with the MacGuffin theory about the Algorithm.


title: Avicii

text: Tim Bergling (; 8 September 1989 – 20 April 2018), known professionally as Avicii (, ), was a Swedish DJ, remixer and music producer. At the age of 16, Bergling began posting his remixes on electronic music forums, which led to his first record deal. He rose to prominence in 2011 with his single "Levels". His debut studio album, "True" (2013), blended electronic music with elements of multiple genres and received generally positive reviews. It peaked in the top 10 in more than 15 countries and topped international charts; the lead single, "Wake Me Up", topped most music markets in Europe and reached number four in the United States.


title: Avicii

text: In 2015, Bergling released his second studio album, "Stories", and in 2017 he released an EP, "Avīci (01)". His catalog also included the singles "I Could Be the One" with Nicky Romero, "You Make Me", "X You", "Hey Brother", "Addicted to You", "The Days", "The Nights", "Waiting for Love", "Without You" and "Lonely Together". Bergling was nominated for a Grammy Award for his work on "Sunshine" with David Guetta in 2012 and "Levels" in 2013. Several music publications credit Bergling as among the DJs who ushered electronic music into Top 40 radio in the early 2010s.


title: Avicii

text: Bergling retired from touring in 2016, after several years of stress and poor mental health. On 20 April 2018, he committed suicide while on holiday in Muscat, Oman. In 2019, his third and final album, "Tim", was released posthumously.


title: Avicii

text: Tim Bergling was born in Stockholm on 8 September 1989, the son of Klas Bergling, who ran an office supply business, and actress Anki Lidén. He had three siblings: David Bergling, Linda Sterner, and actor Anton Körberg. He started mixing in his bedroom at the age of eight.


title: Avicii

text: Inspired by his brother, who was also a DJ, he began making music at the age of 16, teaching himself to use a pirated copy of FL Studio. In May 2007, Bergling signed on with the Dejfitts Plays label. He was a member of the Laidback Luke Forums, where he refined his craft and, at times, demonstrated his distinct deep house style. By 2009 to 2010, Bergling was a prolific producer and was releasing music incredibly quickly. His remixes during this period were "Sound of Now", "Muja", "Ryu" and "Even". Bergling explained that the name "Avicii" means "the lowest level of Buddhist hell" and he chose the moniker because his real name was already used upon creating his Myspace page. Then, in 2010, Bergling released the hit song "Seek Bromance", which reached the top 20 in several countries, including Belgium, France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Sweden. He also remixed Nadia Ali's classic single "Rapture" for her album "Queen of Clubs Trilogy: Onyx Edition". In October 2010, Bergling signed with the European A&R team with EMI Music Publishing.


title: Avicii

text: In 2011, Bergling's track "Fade into Darkness" was sampled by Leona Lewis on her single "Collide". The sampling was not accredited and led to controversy as Bergling attempted to block the single's release. The matter was resolved out of court, with "Collide" being made a joint release between Lewis and Bergling. In October 2011, Bergling released "Levels", which launched him into the mainstream. "Levels" reached the top ten in Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia and the United Kingdom, whilst topping the charts in Hungary, Norway and Sweden.


title: Avicii

text: In 2012, his collaboration track "Sunshine" with David Guetta was nominated for a Grammy award under the category for Best Dance Recording. On 23 March 2012, Bergling's unsigned single "Last Dance" was previewed on Pete Tong's show on BBC Radio 1. The song was later released on 27 August 2012. At Ultra Music Festival 2012 in Miami, he premiered two tracks, "Girl Gone Wild" (Avicii's UMF Remix) with Madonna and "Superlove" with Lenny Kravitz. Bergling's UMF Remix of "Girl Gone Wild" was released on 20 April 2012, and "Superlove" with Kravitz was released on 29 May 2012. After reaching two million followers on Facebook, Bergling released a new song titled "Two Million". It was put out as a free download on his official SoundCloud page. On 27 April 2012, Bergling released "Silhouettes". The song featured vocals from Salem Al Fakir and peaked at number 5 on the UK Dance charts and number 4 on the "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Songs.


title: Avicii

text: Bergling was a featured performer on 4 August 2012 at Lollapalooza festival in Chicago's Grant Park. On 12 August 2012, he released "Dancing in My Head" (Avicii's 'Been Cursed' Mix) on Beatport. The track features vocals from Eric Turner. A radio edit of the track, titled "Dancing in My Head" (Tom Hangs Mix) was released on 14 August 2012 on iTunes, and a remix EP was later released on 30 October 2012 featuring remixes from Charlie Bernardo and Michael Woods. On 26 September 2012, Bergling made history as the first DJ to headline the world-famous Radio City Music Hall in New York City. He performed two sold-out shows on 26 and 27 September. He was supported by Matt Goldman and Cazzette at the two shows. At his Radio City Music Hall shows, he played a preview of his new track with Mike Posner titled "Stay with You".


title: Avicii

text: On 29 December 2012, Bergling premiered many new songs at Lights All Night, Dallas Convention Center, some of which made it on to his first album, "True". These unreleased songs included "I'll Be Gone" and "Let It Go". The instrumental of "Let It Go" was mixed with the a cappella of "Addicted to You" to become "Addicted to You (Avicii by Avicii)".


title: Avicii

text: On the same day, Bergling released "I Could Be the One" with Nicky Romero. After first being debuted at his shows almost a year earlier, the track finally got released via Bergling's record label Levels. The new vocal version was released along with an instrumental version, a radio edit, and remixes from Audrio and Didrick. On 9 January 2013, Bergling launched the Avicii X You project, a partnership with Ericsson designed to create the world's first "crowdsourced" hit song. The project enabled fans to send in basslines, effects, melodies, rhythms and vocals to Bergling as sound files over the Internet. The song features sequences from Kian Sang (melody), Naxsy (bassline), Martin Kupilas (beat), Vanya Khaksi (break), Jonathan Madray, Mateusz Kolata, and Christian Westphalen (effects). Bergling acted as executive producer and created the finished song officially titled X You, which was released on 26 February 2013. On 30 January 2013, Bergling released "Three Million" featuring Negin to celebrate three million fans on his Facebook page.


title: Avicii

text: Bergling was nominated for a Grammy for Best Dance Recording with "Levels" at the 2013 Grammy Awards. He was nominated alongside Calvin Harris and Ne-Yo, Skrillex, Swedish House Mafia and John Martin, and Al Walser. The award show took place on 10 February 2013. From late February to early March 2013, Bergling toured Australia as one of the headline acts in the Future Music Festival alongside The Prodigy and The Stone Roses. In late February 2013, Bergling made his first South American tour, with concerts in Venezuela, Argentina, Colombia, Brazil and Chile.


title: Avicii

text: In March 2013, Bergling announced and premiered new tracks from his forthcoming new album "True"—which was released in September that year—during his Main Stage set at Ultra Music Festival in Miami. The new tracks were experimental in nature. For example, Bergling brought out a stomping band to play through the new bluegrass-tinged song "Wake Me Up". Many of these new songs received mixed critical reviews after the concert.


title: Avicii

text: On 11 April 2013, Bergling released his new album promo mix on SoundCloud. It contained some songs from "True" and some of his non-album singles. It also contained some of his IDs such as "Black and Blue" and "Enough is Enough (Don't Give Up On Us)".


title: Avicii

text: The EBU and SVT announced on 15 April that Bergling, along with ex-ABBA members Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson, had composed the anthem for the Eurovision Song Contest 2013. The song was performed for the first time in the Final on 18 May.


title: Avicii

text: On 14 June 2013, the world premiere of Bergling's new single, "Wake Me Up", was previewed by Pete Tong on BBC Radio 1, featuring vocals from Aloe Blacc. The song was later released on iTunes and radio on 25 June 2013. It is the first single from Bergling's album "True", which was released on 16 September 2013. "Wake Me Up" was number 1 on the Spotify Global Chart and Bergling was at 2 in most streamed artist worldwide. "Wake Me Up" later went on to set a then record of 14 weeks as the number one hit on "Billboard"s Dance/Electronic Songs list. The Official Charts Company announced on 21 July that "Wake Me Up" had become the UK's fastest selling single of 2013 after overtaking Robin Thicke's "Blurred Lines", having sold 267,000 copies in its first week on sale in the UK. "Wake Me Up" subsequently became a major hit, topping the charts in over 20 countries including Australia, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.


title: Avicii

text: On 19 October 2013, the DJ Mag 2013 Top 100 DJs List was announced, with Bergling ranking number 3 on the list. Hardwell became the new World No.1, displacing Armin Van Buuren. On 28 October 2013, Bergling released the single "Hey Brother" with vocals by Dan Tyminski. On 10 November, Bergling won his first award—"Best Electronic"—at the MTV EMAs. On 24 November 2013 he won the American Music Award for favorite Electronic Dance Music Artist.


title: Avicii

text: In December 2013, Bergling released his fourth single off the album, "Addicted to You", which reached number 5 in Australia, with vocals from Audra Mae, who also sings on "Shame on Me" and "Long Road to Hell", both tracks on the album. Bergling also released the single "Lay Me Down", featuring vocals from Adam Lambert and guitar from Nile Rodgers. On 29 December 2013, Bergling debuted his new track "Dreaming of Me", featuring vocals from Audra Mae, via episode 19 of his "LE7ELS" podcast. It is unknown whether it will be released in the future.


title: Avicii

text: On 8 March 2014, Bergling's Instagram account confirmed a collaboration with Madonna, and he is credited for co-writing and co-producing some of the tracks on her "Rebel Heart" album, released in 2015. On 21 March 2014, Bergling released a remixed edition of his album "True" titled "True: Avicii By Avicii" containing remixes by himself of all the tracks, excluding "Heart Upon My Sleeve" for unknown reasons. The promotion of this album was supposed to begin at the 2014 Ultra Music Festival, but Bergling announced he had been hospitalised on 28 March, and was unable to play his closing set at the festival. On 28 March 2014, FIFA and Sony Music Entertainment announced that Bergling would be collaborating with Carlos Santana, Wyclef Jean and Alexandre Pires for the official FIFA World Cup Anthem titled "Dar um Jeito (We Will Find a Way)". The anthem was performed at the FIFA World Cup closing ceremony on 13 July 2014.


title: Avicii

text: In July 2014, Bergling released his single "Lay Me Down". He also produced and collaborated with Chris Martin from Coldplay, co-writing and co-producing the track "A Sky Full of Stars" from the band's sixth studio album "Ghost Stories", released on 19 May 2014. He also played and recorded the piano parts on the track. "A Sky Full of Stars" was released on 3 May as the second single from "Ghost Stories". "Lovers on the Sun", a track Bergling co-produced with David Guetta, was released on 30 June 2014.


title: Avicii

text: In July 2014, Bergling told "Rolling Stone" that he had worked on 70 songs for his next album "Stories", which would include collaborations with Jon Bon Jovi, Serj Tankian of System of a Down, Chris Martin, Wyclef Jean and Matisyahu. Describing the album, Bergling said that "it's going to be a lot more song-oriented".


title: Avicii

text: During his tour for "True", he also performed his upcoming single "No Pleasing a Woman" with vocals from Billie Joe Armstrong of the American rock band Green Day. It has a similar instrumental to "Wake Me Up" albeit different chord progressions, along with "No Pleasing a Woman". Bergling also performed other upcoming songs like "In Love with Your Ghost" with Daniel "Danne" Adams-Ray, "Love to Fall" with Tom Odell and "Million Miles" with LP, which is the demo version of "Trouble", a song from "Stories" with vocals from Wayne Hector.