title: Jack the Ripper

text: The large number of attacks against women in the East End during this time adds uncertainty to how many victims were murdered by the same individual. Eleven separate murders, stretching from 1888 to 1891, were included in a Metropolitan Police investigation and were known collectively in the police docket as the "Whitechapel murders". Opinions vary as to whether these murders should be linked to the same culprit, but five of the eleven Whitechapel murders, known as the "canonical five", are widely believed to be the work of the Ripper. Most experts point to deep slash wounds to the throat, followed by extensive abdominal and genital-area mutilation, the removal of internal organs, and progressive facial mutilations as the distinctive features of the Ripper's "modus operandi". The first two cases in the Whitechapel murders file, those of Emma Elizabeth Smith and Martha Tabram, are not included in the canonical five.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Smith was robbed and sexually assaulted in Osborn Street, Whitechapel, at approximately on 1888. She had been bludgeoned about the face and received a cut to her ear. A blunt object was also inserted into her vagina, rupturing her peritoneum. She developed peritonitis and died the following day at London Hospital. Smith stated that she had been attacked by two or three men, one of whom she described as a teenager. This attack was linked to the later murders by the press, but most authors attribute Smith's murder to general East End gang violence unrelated to the Ripper case.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Tabram was murdered on a staircase landing in George Yard, Whitechapel, on 7 August 1888; she had suffered 39 stab wounds to her throat, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, stomach, and abdomen, with additional knife wounds inflicted to her breasts and vagina. All but one of Tabram's wounds had been inflicted with a bladed instrument such as a penknife, and with one possible exception, all the wounds had been inflicted by a right-handed individual. Tabram had not been raped.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The savagery of the Tabram murder, the lack of an obvious motive, and the closeness of the location and date to the later canonical Ripper murders led police to link this murder to those later committed by Jack the Ripper. However, this murder differs from the later canonical murders because although Tabram had been repeatedly stabbed, she had not suffered any slash wounds to her throat or abdomen. Many experts do not connect Tabram's murder with the later murders because of this difference in the wound pattern.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The canonical five Ripper victims are Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes, and Mary Jane Kelly.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The body of Mary Ann Nichols was discovered at about on Friday 1888 in Buck's Row (now Durward Street), Whitechapel. Nichols had last been seen alive approximately one hour before the discovery of her body by a Mrs Emily Holland, with whom she had previously shared a bed at a common lodging-house in Thrawl Street, Spitalfields, walking in the direction of Whitechapel Road. Her throat was severed by two deep cuts, one of which completely severed all the tissue down to the vertebrae. Her vagina had been stabbed twice, and the lower part of her abdomen was partly ripped open by a deep, jagged wound, causing her bowels to protrude. Several other incisions inflicted to both sides of her abdomen had also been caused by the same knife; each of these wounds had been inflicted in a downward thrusting manner.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: One week later, on Saturday 1888, the body of Annie Chapman was discovered at approximately near the steps to the doorway of the back yard of 29 Hanbury Street, Spitalfields. As in the case of Nichols, the throat was severed by two deep cuts. Her abdomen had been cut entirely open, with a section of the flesh from her stomach being placed upon her left shoulder and another section of skin and flesh—plus her small intestines—being removed and placed above her right shoulder. Chapman's autopsy also revealed that her uterus and sections of her bladder and vagina had been removed.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: At the inquest into Chapman's murder, Elizabeth Long described having seen Chapman standing outside 29 Hanbury Street at about in the company of a dark-haired man wearing a brown deer-stalker hat and dark overcoat, and of a "shabby-genteel" appearance. According to this eyewitness, the man had asked Chapman the question, "Will you?" to which Chapman had replied, "Yes."


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes were both killed in the early morning hours of Sunday 1888. Stride's body was discovered at approximately in Dutfield's Yard, off Berner Street (now Henriques Street) in Whitechapel. The cause of death was a single clear-cut incision, measuring six inches across her neck which had severed her left carotid artery and her trachea before terminating beneath her right jaw. The absence of any further mutilations to her body has led to uncertainty as to whether Stride's murder was committed by the Ripper, or whether he was interrupted during the attack. Several witnesses later informed police they had seen Stride in the company of a man in or close to Berner Street on the evening of 29 September and in the early hours of 30 September, but each gave differing descriptions: some said that her companion was fair, others dark; some said that he was shabbily dressed, others well-dressed.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Eddowes's body was found in a corner of Mitre Square in the City of London, three-quarters of an hour after the discovery of the body of Elizabeth Stride. Her throat was severed from ear to ear and her abdomen ripped open by a long, deep and jagged wound before her intestines had been placed over her right shoulder, with a section of intestine being completely detached and placed between her body and left arm.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The left kidney and the major part of Eddowes's uterus had been removed, and her face had been disfigured, with her nose severed, her cheek slashed, and cuts measuring a quarter of an inch and a half an inch respectively vertically incised through each of her eyelids. A triangular incision—the apex of which pointed towards Eddowes's eye—had also been carved upon each of her cheeks, and a section of the auricle and lobe of her right ear was later recovered from her clothing. The police surgeon who conducted the post mortem upon Eddowes's body stated his opinion these mutilations would have taken "at least five minutes" to complete.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: A local cigarette salesman named Joseph Lawende had passed through the square with two friends shortly before the murder, and he described seeing a fair-haired man of shabby appearance with a woman who may have been Eddowes. Lawende's companions were unable to confirm his description. The murders of Stride and Eddowes ultimately became known as the "double event".


title: Jack the Ripper

text: A section of Eddowes's bloodied apron was found at the entrance to a tenement in Goulston Street, Whitechapel, at A chalk inscription upon the wall directly above this piece of apron read: "The Juwes are The men That Will not be Blamed for nothing." This graffito became known as the Goulston Street graffito. The message appeared to imply that a Jew or Jews in general were responsible for the series of murders, but it is unclear whether the graffito was written by the murderer on dropping the section of apron, or was merely incidental and nothing to do with the case. Such graffiti were commonplace in Whitechapel. Police Commissioner Charles Warren feared that the graffito might spark anti-semitic riots and ordered the writing washed away before dawn.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The extensively mutilated and disembowelled body of Mary Jane Kelly was discovered lying on the bed in the single room where she lived at 13 Miller's Court, off Dorset Street, Spitalfields, at on Friday 1888. Her face had been "hacked beyond all recognition", with her throat severed down to the spine, and the abdomen almost emptied of its organs. Her uterus, kidneys and one breast had been placed beneath her head, and other viscera from her body placed beside her foot, about the bed and sections of her abdomen and thighs upon a bedside table. The heart was missing from the crime scene.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Multiple ashes found within the fireplace at 13 Miller's Court suggested Kelly's murderer had burned several combustible items to illuminate the single room as he mutilated her body. A recent fire had been severe enough to melt the solder between a kettle and its spout, which had fallen into the grate of the fireplace.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Historically, the belief these five canonical murders were committed by the same perpetrator is derived from contemporaneous documents which link them together to the exclusion of others. In 1894, Sir Melville Macnaghten, Assistant Chief Constable of the Metropolitan Police Service and Head of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), wrote a report that stated: "the Whitechapel murderer had 5 victims—& 5 victims only". Similarly, the canonical five victims were linked together in a letter written by police surgeon Thomas Bond to Robert Anderson, head of the London CID, on 1888.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Some researchers have posited that some of the murders were undoubtedly the work of a single killer, but an unknown larger number of killers acting independently were responsible for the other crimes. Authors Stewart P. Evans and Donald Rumbelow argue that the canonical five is a "Ripper myth" and that three cases (Nichols, Chapman, and Eddowes) can be definitely linked to the same perpetrator, but that less certainty exists as to whether Stride and Kelly were also murdered by the same individual. Conversely, others suppose that the six murders between Tabram and Kelly were the work of a single killer. Dr Percy Clark, assistant to the examining pathologist George Bagster Phillips, linked only three of the murders and thought that the others were perpetrated by "weak-minded individual[s] ... induced to emulate the crime". Macnaghten did not join the police force until the year after the murders, and his memorandum contains serious factual errors about possible suspects.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Mary Jane Kelly is generally considered to be the Ripper's final victim, and it is assumed that the crimes ended because of the culprit's death, imprisonment, institutionalisation, or emigration. The Whitechapel murders file details another four murders that occurred after the canonical five: those of Rose Mylett, Alice McKenzie, the Pinchin Street torso, and Frances Coles.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The strangled body of 26-year-old Rose Mylett was found in Clarke's Yard, High Street, Poplar on 1888. There was no sign of a struggle, and the police believed that she had either accidentally hanged herself with her collar while in a drunken stupor or committed suicide. However, faint markings left by a cord on one side of her neck suggested Mylett had been strangled. At the inquest into Mylett's death, the jury returned a verdict of murder.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Alice McKenzie was murdered shortly after midnight on 17 July 1889 in Castle Alley, Whitechapel. She had suffered two stab wounds to her neck, and her left carotid artery had been severed. Several minor bruises and cuts were found on her body, which also bore a seven-inch long superficial wound extending from her left breast to her navel. One of the examining pathologists, Thomas Bond, believed this to be a Ripper murder, though his colleague George Bagster Phillips, who had examined the bodies of three previous victims, disagreed. Opinions among writers are also divided between those who suspect McKenzie's murderer copied the "modus operandi" of Jack the Ripper to deflect suspicion from himself, and those who ascribe this murder to Jack the Ripper.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: "The Pinchin Street torso" was a decomposing headless and legless torso of an unidentified woman aged between 30 and 40 discovered beneath a railway arch in Pinchin Street, Whitechapel, on 1889. Bruising about the victim's back, hip, and arm indicated the decedent had been extensively beaten shortly before her death. The victim's abdomen was also extensively mutilated, although her genitals had not been wounded. She appeared to have been killed approximately one day prior to the discovery of her torso. The dismembered sections of the body are believed to have been transported to the railway arch, hidden under an old chemise.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: At on 13 February 1891, PC Ernest Thompson discovered a 25-year-old prostitute named Frances Coles lying beneath a railway arch at Swallow Gardens, Whitechapel. Her throat had been deeply cut but her body was not mutilated, leading some to believe Thompson had disturbed her assailant. Coles was still alive, although she died before medical help could arrive. A 53-year-old stoker, James Thomas Sadler, had earlier been seen drinking with Coles, and the two are known to have argued approximately three hours before her death. Sadler was arrested by the police and charged with her murder. He was briefly thought to be the Ripper, but was later discharged from court for lack of evidence on 1891.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: In addition to the eleven Whitechapel murders, commentators have linked other attacks to the Ripper. In the case of "Fairy Fay", it is unclear whether this attack was real or fabricated as a part of Ripper lore. "Fairy Fay" was a nickname given to an unidentified woman whose body was allegedly found in a doorway close to Commercial Road on 1887 "after a stake had been thrust through her abdomen", but there were no recorded murders in Whitechapel at or around Christmas 1887. "Fairy Fay" seems to have been created through a confused press report of the murder of Emma Elizabeth Smith, who had a stick or other blunt object shoved into her vagina. Most authors agree that the victim "Fairy Fay" never existed.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: A 38-year-old widow named Annie Millwood was admitted to the Whitechapel Workhouse Infirmary with numerous stab wounds to her legs and lower torso on 1888, informing staff she had been attacked with a clasp knife by an unknown man. She was later discharged, but died from apparently natural causes on . Millwood was later postulated to be the Ripper's first victim, although this attack cannot be definitively linked to the perpetrator.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Another suspected precanonical victim was a young dressmaker named Ada Wilson, who reportedly survived being stabbed twice in the neck with a clasp knife upon the doorstep of her home in Bow on 1888. A further possible victim, 40-year-old Annie Farmer, resided at the same lodging house as Martha Tabram and reported an attack on 1888. She had received a superficial cut to her throat. Although an unknown man with blood on his mouth and hands had run out of this lodging house, shouting, "Look at what she has done!" before two eyewitnesses heard Farmer scream, her wound was light, and possibly self-inflicted.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: "The Whitehall Mystery" was a term coined for the discovery of a headless torso of a woman on 1888 in the basement of the new Metropolitan Police headquarters being built in Whitehall. An arm and shoulder belonging to the body were previously discovered floating in the River Thames near Pimlico on 11 September, and the left leg was subsequently discovered buried near where the torso was found on 17 October. The other limbs and head were never recovered and the body was never identified. The mutilations were similar to those in the Pinchin Street torso case, where the legs and head were severed but not the arms.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Both the Whitehall Mystery and the Pinchin Street case may have been part of a series of murders known as the "Thames Mysteries", committed by a single serial killer dubbed the "Torso killer". It is debatable whether Jack the Ripper and the "Torso killer" were the same person or separate serial killers active in the same area. The "modus operandi" of the Torso killer differed from that of the Ripper, and police at the time discounted any connection between the two. Only one of the four victims linked to the Torso killer, Elizabeth Jackson, was ever identified. Jackson was a 24-year-old prostitute from Chelsea whose various body parts were collected from the River Thames over a three-week period between 31 May and 25 June 1889.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: On 1888, the body of a seven-year-old boy named John Gill was found in a stable block in Manningham, Bradford. Gill had been missing since 27 December. His legs had been severed, his abdomen opened, his intestines partly drawn out, and his heart and one ear removed. Similarities with the Ripper murders led to press speculation that the Ripper had killed him. The boy's employer, 23-year-old milkman William Barrett, was twice arrested for the murder but was released due to insufficient evidence. No-one was ever prosecuted.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Carrie Brown (nicknamed "Shakespeare", reportedly for her habit of quoting Shakespeare's sonnets) was strangled with clothing and then mutilated with a knife on 1891 in New York City. Her body was found with a large tear through her groin area and superficial cuts on her legs and back. No organs were removed from the scene, though an ovary was found upon the bed, either purposely removed or unintentionally dislodged. At the time, the murder was compared to those in Whitechapel, though the Metropolitan Police eventually ruled out any connection.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The vast majority of the City of London Police files relating to their investigation into the Whitechapel murders were destroyed in the Blitz. The surviving Metropolitan Police files allow a detailed view of investigative procedures in the Victorian era. A large team of policemen conducted house-to-house inquiries throughout Whitechapel. Forensic material was collected and examined. Suspects were identified, traced, and either examined more closely or eliminated from the inquiry. Modern police work follows the same pattern. More than 2,000 people were interviewed, "upwards of 300" people were investigated, and 80 people were detained. Following the murders of Stride and Eddowes, the Commissioner of the City Police, Sir James Fraser, offered a reward of £500 for the arrest of the Ripper.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The investigation was initially conducted by the Metropolitan Police Whitechapel (H) Division Criminal Investigation Department (CID) headed by Detective Inspector Edmund Reid. After the murder of Nichols, Detective Inspectors Frederick Abberline, Henry Moore, and Walter Andrews were sent from Central Office at Scotland Yard to assist. The City of London Police were involved under Detective Inspector James McWilliam after the Eddowes murder, which occurred within the City of London. The overall direction of the murder enquiries was hampered by the fact that the newly appointed head of the CID Robert Anderson was on leave in Switzerland between and , during the time when Chapman, Stride, and Eddowes were killed. This prompted Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Charles Warren to appoint Chief Inspector Donald Swanson to coordinate the enquiry from Scotland Yard.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Butchers, slaughterers, surgeons, and physicians were suspected because of the manner of the mutilations. A surviving note from Major Henry Smith, Acting Commissioner of the City Police, indicates that the alibis of local butchers and slaughterers were investigated, with the result that they were eliminated from the inquiry. A report from Inspector Swanson to the Home Office confirms that 76 butchers and slaughterers were visited, and that the inquiry encompassed all their employees for the previous six months. Some contemporaneous figures, including Queen Victoria, thought the pattern of the murders indicated that the culprit was a butcher or cattle drover on one of the cattle boats that plied between London and mainland Europe. Whitechapel was close to the London Docks, and usually such boats docked on Thursday or Friday and departed on Saturday or Sunday. The cattle boats were examined but the dates of the murders did not coincide with a single boat's movements and the transfer of a crewman between boats was also ruled out.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: In September 1888, a group of volunteer citizens in London's East End formed the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee. They patrolled the streets looking for suspicious characters, partly because of dissatisfaction with the failure of police to apprehend the perpetrator, and also because some members were concerned that the murders were affecting businesses in the area. The Committee petitioned the government to raise a reward for information leading to the arrest of the killer, offered their own reward of £50 (then a substantial sum) for information leading to his capture, and hired private detectives to question witnesses independently.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: At the end of October, Robert Anderson asked police surgeon Thomas Bond to give his opinion on the extent of the murderer's surgical skill and knowledge. The opinion offered by Bond on the character of the "Whitechapel murderer" is the earliest surviving offender profile. Bond's assessment was based on his own examination of the most extensively mutilated victim and the post mortem notes from the four previous canonical murders. He wrote:


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Bond was strongly opposed to the idea that the murderer possessed any kind of scientific or anatomical knowledge, or even "the technical knowledge of a butcher or horse slaughterer". In his opinion, the killer must have been a man of solitary habits, subject to "periodical attacks of homicidal and erotic mania", with the character of the mutilations possibly indicating "satyriasis". Bond also stated that "the homicidal impulse may have developed from a revengeful or brooding condition of the mind, or that religious mania may have been the original disease but I do not think either hypothesis is likely".


title: Jack the Ripper

text: There is no evidence the perpetrator engaged in sexual activity with any of the victims, yet psychologists suppose that the penetration of the victims with a knife and "leaving them on display in sexually degrading positions with the wounds exposed" indicates that the perpetrator derived sexual pleasure from the attacks. This view is challenged by others, who dismiss such hypotheses as insupportable supposition.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: In addition to the contradictions and unreliability of contemporaneous accounts, attempts to identify the murderer are hampered by the lack of any surviving forensic evidence. DNA analysis on extant letters is inconclusive; the available material has been handled many times and is too contaminated to provide meaningful results. There have been mutually incompatible claims that DNA evidence points conclusively to two suspects, and the methodology of both has also been criticised.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The concentration of the killings around weekends and public holidays and within a short distance of each other has indicated to many that the Ripper was in regular employment and lived locally. Others have opined that the killer was an educated upper-class man, possibly a doctor or an aristocrat who ventured into Whitechapel from a more well-to-do area. Such theories draw on cultural perceptions such as fear of the medical profession, a mistrust of modern science, or the exploitation of the poor by the rich. The term "Ripperology" was coined to describe the study and analysis of the Ripper case in an effort to determine his identity, and the murders have inspired numerous works of fiction.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Suspects proposed years after the murders include virtually anyone remotely connected to the case by contemporaneous documents, as well as many famous names who were never considered in the police investigation, including Prince Albert Victor, artist Walter Sickert, and author Lewis Carroll. Everyone alive at the time is now long dead, and modern authors are free to accuse anyone "without any need for any supporting historical evidence". Suspects named in contemporaneous police documents include three in Sir Melville Macnaghten's 1894 memorandum, but the evidence against each of these individuals is, at best, circumstantial.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: There are many, varied theories about the actual identity and profession of Jack the Ripper, but authorities are not agreed upon any of them, and the number of named suspects reaches over one hundred. Despite continued interest in the case, the Ripper's identity remains unknown.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Over the course of the Whitechapel murders, the police, newspapers, and other individuals received hundreds of letters regarding the case. Some letters were well-intentioned offers of advice as to how to catch the killer, but the vast majority were either hoaxes or generally useless.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Hundreds of letters claimed to have been written by the killer himself, and three of these in particular are prominent: the "Dear Boss" letter, the "Saucy Jacky" postcard and the "From Hell" letter.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The "Dear Boss" letter, dated and postmarked 1888, was received that day by the Central News Agency, and was forwarded to Scotland Yard on . Initially, it was considered a hoax, but when Eddowes was found three days after the letter's postmark with a section of one ear obliquely cut from her body, the promise of the author to "clip the ladys (sic) ears off" gained attention. Eddowes's ear appears to have been nicked by the killer incidentally during his attack, and the letter writer's threat to send the ears to the police was never carried out. The name "Jack the Ripper" was first used in this letter by the signatory and gained worldwide notoriety after its publication. Most of the letters that followed copied this letter's tone, with some authors adopting pseudonyms such as "George of the High Rip Gang" and "Jack Sheridan, the Ripper." Some sources claim that another letter dated 1888 was the first to use the name "Jack the Ripper", but most experts believe that this was a fake inserted into police records in the 20th century.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The "Saucy Jacky" postcard was postmarked 1888 and was received the same day by the Central News Agency. The handwriting was similar to the "Dear Boss" letter, and mentioned the canonical murders committed on 30 September, which the author refers to by writing "double event this time". It has been argued that the postcard was posted before the murders were publicised, making it unlikely that a crank would hold such knowledge of the crime. However, it was postmarked more than 24 hours after the killings occurred, long after details of the murders were known and publicised by journalists, and had become general community gossip by the residents of Whitechapel.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The "From Hell" letter was received by George Lusk, leader of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, on 1888. The handwriting and style is unlike that of the "Dear Boss" letter and "Saucy Jacky" postcard. The letter came with a small box in which Lusk discovered half of a human kidney, preserved in "spirits of wine" (ethanol). Eddowes's left kidney had been removed by the killer. The writer claimed that he "fried and ate" the missing kidney half. There is disagreement over the kidney; some contend that it belonged to Eddowes, while others argue that it was a macabre practical joke. The kidney was examined by Dr Thomas Openshaw of the London Hospital, who determined that it was human and from the left side, but (contrary to false newspaper reports) he could not determine any other biological characteristics. Openshaw subsequently also received a letter signed "Jack the Ripper".


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Scotland Yard published facsimiles of the "Dear Boss" letter and the postcard on , in the ultimately vain hope that a member of the public would recognise the handwriting. Charles Warren explained in a letter to Godfrey Lushington, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department: "I think the whole thing a hoax but of course we are bound to try & ascertain the writer in any case." On 1888, George R. Sims in the Sunday newspaper "Referee" implied scathingly that the letter was written by a journalist "to hurl the circulation of a newspaper sky high". Police officials later claimed to have identified a specific journalist as the author of both the "Dear Boss" letter and the postcard. The journalist was identified as Tom Bullen in a letter from Chief Inspector John Littlechild to George R. Sims dated 1913. A journalist named Fred Best reportedly confessed in 1931 that he and a colleague at "The Star" had written the letters signed "Jack the Ripper" to heighten interest in the murders and "keep the business alive".


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The Ripper murders mark an important watershed in the treatment of crime by journalists. Jack the Ripper was not the first serial killer, but his case was the first to create a worldwide media frenzy. The Elementary Education Act 1880 (which had extended upon a previous Act) made school attendance compulsory regardless of class. As such, by 1888, more working-class people in England and Wales were literate.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Tax reforms in the 1850s had enabled the publication of inexpensive newspapers with a wider circulation. These mushroomed in the later Victorian era to include mass-circulation newspapers costing as little as a halfpenny, along with popular magazines such as "The Illustrated Police News" which made the Ripper the beneficiary of previously unparalleled publicity. Consequently, at the height of the investigation, over one million copies of newspapers with extensive coverage devoted to the Whitechapel murders were sold each day. However, many of the articles were sensationalistic and speculative, and false information was regularly printed as fact. In addition, several articles speculating as to the identity of the Ripper alluded to local xenophobic rumours that the perpetrator was either Jewish or foreign.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: In early September, six days after the murder of Mary Ann Nichols, "The Manchester Guardian" reported: "Whatever information may be in the possession of the police they deem it necessary to keep secret ... It is believed their attention is particularly directed to ... a notorious character known as 'Leather Apron'." Journalists were frustrated by the unwillingness of the CID to reveal details of their investigation to the public, and so resorted to writing reports of questionable veracity. Imaginative descriptions of "Leather Apron" appeared in the press, but rival journalists dismissed these as "a mythical outgrowth of the reporter's fancy". John Pizer, a local Jew who made footwear from leather, was known by the name "Leather Apron" and was arrested, even though the investigating inspector reported that "at present there is no evidence whatsoever against him". He was soon released after the confirmation of his alibis.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: After the publication of the "Dear Boss" letter, "Jack the Ripper" supplanted "Leather Apron" as the name adopted by the press and public to describe the killer. The name "Jack" was already used to describe another fabled London attacker: "Spring-heeled Jack", who supposedly leapt over walls to strike at his victims and escape as quickly as he came. The invention and adoption of a nickname for a particular killer became standard media practice with examples such as the Axeman of New Orleans, the Boston Strangler, and the Beltway Sniper. Examples derived from Jack the Ripper include the French Ripper, the Düsseldorf Ripper, the Camden Ripper, the Blackout Ripper, Jack the Stripper, the Yorkshire Ripper, and the Rostov Ripper. Sensational press reports combined with the fact that no one was ever convicted of the murders have confused scholarly analysis and created a legend that casts a shadow over later serial killers.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: The nature of the Ripper murders and the impoverished lifestyle of the victims drew attention to the poor living conditions in the East End and galvanised public opinion against the overcrowded, insanitary slums. In the two decades after the murders, the worst of the slums were cleared and demolished, but the streets and some buildings survive, and the legend of the Ripper is still promoted by various guided tours of the murder sites and other locations pertaining to the case. For many years, the Ten Bells public house in Commercial Street (which had been frequented by at least one of the canonical Ripper victims) was the focus of such tours.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: In the immediate aftermath of the murders and later, "Jack the Ripper became the children's bogey man." Depictions were often phantasmic or monstrous. In the 1920s and 1930s, he was depicted in film dressed in everyday clothes as a man with a hidden secret, preying on his unsuspecting victims; atmosphere and evil were suggested through lighting effects and shadowplay. By the 1960s, the Ripper had become "the symbol of a predatory aristocracy", and was more often portrayed in a top hat dressed as a gentleman. The Establishment as a whole became the villain, with the Ripper acting as a manifestation of upper-class exploitation. The image of the Ripper merged with or borrowed symbols from horror stories, such as Dracula's cloak or Victor Frankenstein's organ harvest. The fictional world of the Ripper can fuse with multiple genres, ranging from Sherlock Holmes to Japanese erotic horror.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: Jack the Ripper features in hundreds of works of fiction and works which straddle the boundaries between fact and fiction, including the Ripper letters and a hoax diary: "The Diary of Jack the Ripper". The Ripper appears in novels, short stories, poems, comic books, games, songs, plays, operas, television programmes, and films. More than 100 non-fiction works deal exclusively with the Jack the Ripper murders, making this case one of the most written-about in the true-crime genre. The term "ripperology" was coined by Colin Wilson in the 1970s to describe the study of the case by professionals and amateurs. The periodicals "Ripperana", "Ripperologist", and "Ripper Notes" publish their research.


title: Jack the Ripper

text: In 2015, the Jack the Ripper Museum opened in east London. It attracted criticism from both Tower Hamlets mayor John Biggs and protestors. Similar protests occurred in 2021 when the second of two "Jack The Chipper" fish and chip shops opened in Greenwich, with some patrons threatening to boycott the premises.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: Arcane (titled onscreen as Arcane: League of Legends) is an animated action-adventure streaming television series created by Christian Linke and Alex Yee. It was produced by the French animation studio Fortiche under the supervision of Riot Games and distributed by Netflix. Set in Riot's "League of Legends" fictional universe, it primarily focuses on sisters Vi and Jinx. The series was announced at the "League of Legends" 10th anniversary celebration in 2019, and first released in November 2021. Following the conclusion of the first season, Riot Games and Netflix announced that a second season was in production for a post-2022 release.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: "Arcane"s first season was released to universal acclaim, with praise directed at its animation, story, worldbuilding, action sequences, characters, emotional weight, music and voice acting. Some have noted the series' appeal both to casual viewers who have never played "League of Legends" and to long-time fans of the game. It also set the record as Netflix's highest-rated series so far within a week of its premiere, ranked first on the Netflix Top 10 Chart in 52 countries, and ranked second on the chart in the United States.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: Amidst the escalating unrest between the rich, utopian city of Piltover and its seedy, oppressed underbelly of Zaun, sisters Vi and Jinx find themselves on opposing sides of a brewing conflict over clashing convictions and arcane technologies.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: "Arcane" was first announced at the "League of Legends" 10th anniversary celebration in 2019, and is set in Riot's "League of Legends" fictional universe, In September 2021, it was announced that Hailee Steinfeld, Ella Purnell, Kevin Alejandro, Katie Leung, Jason Spisak, Toks Olagundoye, JB Blanc and Harry Lloyd had joined the voice cast.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: On November 20, 2021, following the conclusion of "Arcane"s first season, Riot Games and Netflix announced that a second season was in production for a post-2022 release.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: Riot Games promoted the launch of "Arcane" through events in their games, including "League of Legends", "Legends of Runeterra", "Teamfight Tactics", "", and "Valorant" as "RiotX Arcane". It launched promotional collaborations with non-Riot games such as "PUBG Mobile", "Fortnite," and "Among Us".


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: On November 6, 2021, for the global premiere, Riot Games streamed the first episode on Twitch. Some content creators were allowed to co-stream the first three episodes of the series once they received permission from Riot Games, a first for a Netflix series, which also allowed viewers to retrieve in-game drops during the premiere. Drops were only included in the games "League of Legends" (Arcane Capsule), "" (“A Single Tear” Emote), "Teamfight Tactics" (Gizmos & Gadgets Little Legends Egg), "Legends of Runeterra" (“Fascinating” Emote), and "Valorant" ("Fishbones" Gun Buddy). The premiere received 1.8 million concurrent viewers on Twitch.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: On November 21, Netflix and Riot Games partnered with Secret Cinema to bring players directly into the world of "Arcane" with an in-person experience in Los Angeles, California. The experience was "equipped with bespoke backstories and missions, the line between actors and audience is truly blurred as players explore the dark and dangerous underworld and encounter its inhabitants—the strange, the sinister and sometimes even the friendly".


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: Originally set for a 2020 release, the show was rescheduled for a release in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was scheduled for a simultaneous November 6, 2021, release on Netflix and China's Tencent Video, with the series broken into nine episodes, with three episode "acts" being released once a week over three weeks.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: On November 20, 2021, songs from the first season were released on Amazon Music. The series had a different opening theme in China — "孤勇者 (Gu Yong Zhe)" performed by Eason Chan.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 9.10/10, based on 26 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Arcane" makes an arresting first impression, combining a spectacular mix of 2D and 3D animation with an emotionally compelling story to deliver a video game adaptation that could become legendary." The series also became Netflix's number-one program in November 2021, setting the record as Netflix's highest-rated series so far within a week of its premiere, ranked first on the Netflix Top 10 Chart in 52 countries, and ranked second on the chart in the United States.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: Writing for IGN, Rafael Motamayor called the first season of "Arcane" a "classic in the making, and the nail in the coffin of the so-called video game curse." He noted that the show worked for fans of "League of Legends" and newcomers, saying that "the character stories are what keep you engaged episode after episode; the lore is just icing on the cake." He also praised the voice cast, highlighting the performances of Leung, Purnell, Aghdashloo and Steinfeld, calling the latter performance the show's standout. Praising the animation, Motamayor called it the "most stunning piece of animation since """ and compared it to "Invincible" in terms of episode structure. He concluded by saying that "Arcane" "delivers a killing blow to the idea that video games cannot be masterfully adapted... with compelling characters, an endearing story, and fascinating lore and worldbuilding, as well as striking visuals," calling it a "once-in-a-generation masterpiece" and giving it a 10 out of 10 rating.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: Andrew Webster of "The Verge" praised the "fantasy-meets-steampunk world" and how no knowledge of "League" was needed to understand the show. Despite calling Act 1 "a fairly typical fantasy tale" he lauded the animation, saying that "each frame looks like a gorgeous piece of hand-painted concept art; in motion, it's like nothing I've ever seen" and that "it's also a world that feels lived-in and fully realized." Matt Cabral of "Common Sense Media" called the first season "visually stunning" and that it "features the sort of nuanced characterizations, thoughtful storytelling, and rich worldbuilding typically associated with big-budget, big-screen epics." He also took note of the blend of fantasy, steampunk and sci-fi with emphasis on how the story puts a "fresh spin on the heavily recycled premise." Cabral concluded that viewers didn't need to have played "League" to appreciate the show.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: Reviewing the first four episodes of the first season, Tara Bennett of "Paste" enjoyed the way that "[the creators] purposefully made an adult animated drama that unflinchingly utilizes violence, adult language, and very dark storylines when needed to make the lives of the large ensemble cast resonate." Bennett favorably compared the series to "Game of Thrones", "Shadow and Bone", "Castlevania" and "BioShock". She was also positive about the "nuance and subtle facial movements" of Fortiche's animation combined with the performances from Steinfeld, Jenness, Purnell and Spisak. Bennett called "Enemy" by Imagine Dragons "infectious" and that the show is "the new benchmark for what can be done when it comes to successfully translating worthy videogame universes into a different medium."


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: Many publications noted that the series has been highlighted as one of the greatest video game adaptations.


title: Arcane (TV series)

text: "Arcane" became the first streaming television series based on a video game as well as the first video game adaptation to win both Annie Awards and Primetime Emmy Awards, as the former became the first streaming series to both win the most awards from the same nominations in a single year, and to sweep the Annies with nine, while the latter won Outstanding Animated Program, becoming the first Netflix series to do so. "Arcane" also won the inaugural category Best Adaptation (awarded to media based on video games) from The Game Awards 2022.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The manga spawned a media franchise, having inspired numerous spin-off manga, such as "", "" and "". The series has expanded into light novels, stage plays, and various types of merchandise and media such as a trading card game and numerous video games. It has been adapted into an anime television series produced by Bones. The first season aired in Japan from April to June 2016, followed by a second season from April to September 2017, then a third season from April to September 2018, a fourth season from October 2019 to April 2020, a fifth season from March to September 2021, and a sixth season, which premiered in October 2022. It has also received three animated films, titled "", "", and "", respectively. Additionally, it has developed eight original video animations (OVAs), each bundled with a limited edition in numerous volumes of the manga. There are plans for a live-action film by Legendary Entertainment.


title: My Hero Academia

text: In North America, the manga series has been licensed by Viz Media, who published the first volume in August 2015. It was released simultaneously in their digital "Weekly Shonen Jump" magazine. Shueisha began to simulpublish the series in English on "Manga Plus" online platform. The anime series has been licensed for streaming services, the home and broadcast release, and the merchandise rights by Crunchyroll. The English dub premiered on Adult Swim's Toonami programming block in May 2018.


title: My Hero Academia

text: "My Hero Academia" has become a large commercial success, appearing on "The New York Times" bestseller list several times. As of January 2022, the manga had over 65 million copies in circulation including sales of spin-offs, making it one of the best-selling manga series of all time. Critical reception has also been positive, with reviewers praising the manga for its art, characters, story, fight scenes, and the use of pop culture references to Western superhero comics; the anime series has received additional praise for its animation, music, pacing, and voice performances in both Japanese and English. The manga and anime have both won several awards, including the Sugoi Japan Award and Harvey Award for Best Manga, and received two nominations for Anime of the Year at the Crunchyroll Anime Awards.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The story of "My Hero Academia" is set in a world where currently most of the human population has gained the ability to develop superpowers called , which occur in children within the age of four: it is estimated that around 80% of the world population has a Quirk. There are an endless number of Quirks, and it is extremely unlikely to find two people who have the exact same power, unless they are closely related. Among the Quirk-enhanced individuals, a few of them earn the title of Heroes, who cooperate with the authorities in rescue operations and apprehending criminals who abuse their powers, commonly known as Villains. In addition, Heroes who excel on their duties gain celebrity status and are recognized as . Most heroes are popular based on their rankings, with higher ranking heroes receiving more popularity and public appeal, although it isn't uncommon for rookie heroes to gain such popularity as well.


title: My Hero Academia

text: In the early existence of Heroes, the people who volunteered to do their heroic duties without a permission, are recognized as . Those students who have acted as vigilantes, are not allowed to perform as heroes due to the regulations and Quirk restriction laws managed by the . While the act of vigilantism is inherently illegal, the vigilantes themselves represent a gray line in the eyes of the law. The Hero Public Safety Commission originally enlisted vigilantes to do their dirty work until they became too organized for the vigilantes to properly deal with, so they abandoned the idea and instead focused on recruiting Pro Heroes to handle the job. There are people who considered wearing costumes, since they don't have access to support companies like heroes do, they made out of regular clothes or anything they can get ahold of.


title: My Hero Academia

text: There are two types of internships that offer the opportunity to become a Pro Hero. The first type is the Hero Agency Internships in which sometimes, the Pro Heroes can send a request to the students whom wish to work under them, such as in the aftermath of the Sports Festival. It involves a student merely shadowing a Pro Hero, listening to their advice and watching them in action for an entire week. Since the students are unlicensed, they cannot legally work as heroes. And the second type is the Hero Work-Study where a student acquires a Hero License after passing the Provisional Hero License Exam. They are treated as real sidekicks, which allows them to participate in relief efforts during emergency situations. This also allows them to gain real experience and can help them get noticed by other Pro Heroes who might hire them as full-time sidekicks once they graduate.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Izuku Midoriya is a young man who dreams of becoming a Hero despite being bullied by his violent childhood friend Katsuki Bakugo for lacking a Quirk. Both youths idolize one of the world's greatest heroes All Might, who they both met with Izuku being one of few to know of a critical injury All Might has been concealing from the public eye to maintain morale. All Might also reveals the nature of his Quirk "One For All" and passes it down to Izuku as his successor after seeing the youth's determination in the face of danger. As Izuku begins his path to become a hero by attending alongside Bakugo and the friends they make in Class 1-A, a nemesis to the "One For All" users named All For One conditions his apprentice Tomura Shigaraki along with the League of Villains whom they arrive at the U.S.J. facility to invade the building and began assaulting on U.A. students, plan to destroy the current society and its heroes.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Recovered from the villains' invasion in U.S.J. during the time of hero training, the students take part and participate in the U.A. Sports Festival, which gives them the opportunity to show off their Quirks and skills to the world. Amongst all the alliances and declarations, Izuku learns about the tragic past of Shoto Todoroki, and manages to help him learn to accept himself for who he is. After the Sports Festival, the students take internships where they get to train with Pro Heroes. Izuku trains with All Might's former master, Gran Torino, to gain control over his Quirk. Meanwhile, evil begins moving in Hosu City, as the Hero Killer: Stain makes a name for himself, eventually leading to a confrontation with the League of Villains and three young heroes seeks out to defeat him, including Tenya Iida who seeks for revenge after his older brother was injured. They successfully defeat Stain and handed over to the police. In the aftermath of these events, the students take their final exams where Aizawa originally said that those who failed the exam, they won't be able to go to training camp during summer vacation. However, regardless of the students' results in the exam, everyone are joining in order to get stronger but for the students who failed, are doing a harsher training at a lodge.


title: My Hero Academia

text: After Katsuki is captured by the Vanguard Action Squad in summer training camp, the U.A. students and teachers deal with the ramifications of their failure. As the Pro Heroes prepare to infiltrate the League of Villains' hideout to rescue him, a brave group of students named The Bakugo Rescue Squad, decide to take matters into their own hands and rescue their classmate by themselves. This culminates in the arrival of All For One, who after a devastating and hard-hitting battle, is defeated by All Might, at the cost of him losing the remaining embers of One For All, and retiring as a Hero. After All Might's retirement, the U.A. High School transitions into a constructed dorm where the students currently lives. The students preparing for their Provisional Hero License Exam, becoming that much closer to full-fledged Heroes. The Class 1-A manage to overcome the competition with the other schools. Everyone has passed and getting their licenses, except Bakugo and Todoroki. In the aftermath, Bakugo confronts Midoriya, revealing he has figured out the truth behind Izuku's Quirk. After the two have a fight, All Might comes clean to Bakugo about the truth behind One For All, and he agrees to keep the secret for them.


title: My Hero Academia

text: With their licenses, the students are able to take part in Hero Work-Studies. Izuku works with All Might's former sidekick, Sir Nighteye, even though he believes Izuku to be an ill-fated successor of One For All. Meanwhile, Overhaul, the head of the Shie Hassaikai, seeks to bring the "yakuza" back into prominence, thanks to a Quirk-Destroying Drug they have created using a girl named Eri, even forcing the League of Villains to assist them. After learning about the existence of Eri and the Shie Hassaikai's plans, a team of Pro Heroes, including Izuku and some of his classmates, raid the "yakuza"s headquarters in attempt to rescue her and stop them. With the help of his friends, Izuku successfully save Eri and defeat Overhaul in battle, though at the cost of Sir Nighteye's life. While the students prepared for the school festival, Gentle Criminal and La Brava attempt to infiltrate the U.A. High but they are stopped by Deku and handed over to the police. Kyoka Jiro and her classmates perform the grand musical performance which makes Eri finally smile after letting go of her tormented past.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Due to All Might's retirement, Endeavor takes up a mantle as the new number one hero in the Japanese Hero Billboard Chart. Endeavor and the No. 2 Hero Hawks, had a meeting in the restaurant about the future of hero society. As they had talk to each other, a High-End Nomu arrives and Endeavor challenge him. Despite his injuries, Endeavor continues to fight and later he defeat the creature using his ultimate move. While sleeping in the bed, Izuku has a dream where he is confronted with the vestiges of the previous One For All users. During a Joint Training exercise, where Class 1-A and 1-B, as well as Hitoshi Shinso, compete against each other in the battle, Izuku inadvertently awakens Blackwhip, one of the Quirks of the previous users, and learns that he will soon be inheriting the other five Quirks as well. Class 1-A wins the training battle, and Shinso earns a passing grade to transfer to the Hero Course for his second year. Having previously failed the exam, Bakugo and Todoroki have finally receive their Provisional Hero Licenses after passing the Hero License Course.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The League of Villains meets the All For One's subordinates, Doctor Kyudai Garaki and Gigantomachia, who challenge Tomura Shigaraki to prove that he is worthy to become All For One's successor. The League arrives at the Deika City where they encounter the powerful villain group, the Meta Liberation Army led by Re-Destro. After the battle, the League of Villains and the Meta Liberation Army agreed to become the Paranormal Liberation Front, while Shigaraki enters a procedure with Dr. Garaki to obtain his ultimate power. Meanwhile, the Hero Public Safety Commission orders a secondary round of Hero Work-Studies for the students to prepare themselves for the upcoming War. With nowhere to go, Todoroki invites Midoriya and Bakugo to accompany him to the Endeavor Agency. While he's initially reluctant, Endeavor agrees to take them on after receiving a coded warning from Hawks, and trains his interns to harness their Quirks. Two months later, the Heroes have assembled all of the information they need to confront the Paranormal Liberation Front head-on, leading to an all-out war. During the battle, Deku and his team of Heroes face off against Shigaraki who now possessed All For One's Quirk. Although the remaining Pro Heroes survived in the front-lines and the others who finished evacuating civilians, they've failed to stop Shigaraki and the League from escaping.


title: My Hero Academia

text: In the aftermath, the number of Pro Heroes suffered the massive casualties while the people starts to criticize the hero society. Endeavor reconciles with his family to solve the Toya (the real name of Dabi) problem together. Izuku learns more about the secrets behind One For All, and resolves to find some way to "save" Shigaraki without killing him. With All For One escaped, and the name of "One For All" starting to become public knowledge including his friends, Izuku decides to leave U.A. to protect his classmates from danger while helping the Pro Heroes to hunt down the villains. With Izuku goes rogue as he struggles to endlessly fight alone, the classmates decides to tracked him down and they bring him back successfully. Bakugo soon approaches him and goes to apologize for all he's done in the past, which manages to wear Izuku down. He is taken back to U.A. to rest, and while he is initially met with disdain from the general public, a speech from Ochaco Uraraka convinces them to rethink their outlook on the world and let him stay.


title: My Hero Academia

text: With Shigaraki's body nearly complete, All Might requests immediate aid from the foreign Heroes. America's No. 1 Pro Hero, Star and Stripe, arriving to help defeat the villain. But Shigaraki fights back and accomplish All For One's goal: stealing her Quirk, New Order. He proceeds to decay her, but decides to flee due to New Order ravaging the All For One Quirk vestige realm. The Class 1-A and the remaining Pro Heroes prepare to use their forces to take the fight to the villains and defeat them once and for all. However, things get complicated when they discover Yuga Aoyama is the "U.A. traitor", having received All For One's Quirk and forced to serve as villain's spy within U.A. out of fear for his parents' safety. Despite the betrayal, the class recognizes his true intentions and resolves to redeem himself by fighting back against All For One. The final battle between the Heroes and Villains are decided to take the fate of the world. With Eraser Head's plan, the Heroes manage to lure out the villains from hiding and separate to prevent them from working together.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Horikoshi stated that after his previous series "Barrage" was canceled after just two volumes, he was sad and out of ideas. In order to get more ideas, he revisited a one-shot he previously published in "Akamaru Jump", titled . This would end up being the basis for the series. Horikoshi was also a big fan of American films and comics, like "Spider-Man" directed by Sam Raimi, "Star Wars", and "X-Men", which he used for inspiration. Horikoshi cites Masashi Kishimoto's "Naruto" as being the main influence for his art, specifically stating it gave him a love for drawing hands. Horikoshi has also cited "Dragon Ball", "Ultraman", and "Kamen Rider" as sources of inspiration.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Hitoshi Koike, the editor of "My Hero Academia", explains that the author already had his general concept in mind about the manga and just as written in various places such as the comic's covers, there were many rejected story patterns that were changed and Horikoshi dismissed the idea on his own. He also stated that the author yearned to draw in his inspiration. He and Horikoshi had worked on concepts about their characters' designs while finishing the storyboards that draw the scenes in the series. He felt excited about the design despite not knowing the contents like in characters that were fascinating; for example, the series antagonist Tomura Shigaraki.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Kengo Monji, the second editor of the manga, said that the series' storyboards for the first chapter he took over as the new editor were still in progress, which it had not yet published into the magazine. He also stating that the series' author had a difficult time to worked on their chapters, but the more important is to earn the best in working the series. He thinks that the good mix of elements that made it interesting, which made an idea by mixing the flair of Japan's "shōnen" manga with "heroes", a concept that everyone understands. He compliments about Horikoshi's drawing where the style that comes from the cartoon elements, and it makes the readers stunning to how cool is the art made.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Horikoshi originally stating that the manga will not be ending longer as "One Piece" because he does not have a stamina to it, instead he would like to keep it concise or shorter compare to the other "shōnen" manga series. In April 2021, Horikoshi stated that he had planned that the manga would end where it has been much longer than expected, but it is still leading toward the ending that had "decided" upon since before the series began. In December 2021, Horikoshi stated during the interview in the Jump Festa '22 event that "if things go smoothly, the manga will meet its goal in one year. If it doesn't go smoothly, I think [Izuku's voice actor] Yamashita will be reading out the exact same letter from me at next year's Jump Festa". He also teased that Katsuki Bakugo will soon get his "big scene" so that people who both love and hate the character can look forward to it. In May 2022, the manga's author has a very bittersweet message announced from the 34th volume of the manga. He said: "I feel like I can finally see the goal in sight. It's a rather strange feeling getting to this point. In the past, I would just be drawing without a single care [for the future], but now I wonder just how many more times can I draw these characters? Change is scary as you grow older. Well, I really shouldn't dwell on that! Until next volume then!". In October 2022, Horikoshi decides to reconsidered the statement he said during the Jump Festa '22 event. Instead, he wants to take longer to complete the manga's final arc than expected.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Horikoshi has stated that the main theme he focuses on is "what makes a hero". He also stated that he likes stories with bad endings, as well as horror stories. However, he finds these difficult to draw since his mood when he draws is the same in the story. In order to combat this, he puts in more silly-looking characters like Fat Gum, in order to keep the mood up. The fight scene of Fat Gum and Eijiro Kirishima against a villain was filled with his passion. He was able to draw the "Intern Arc" properly, and his hero was Fat Gum because he is a giant and a comical character who speaks in the Kansai dialect.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Horikoshi talks about the episode battle between All Might and All for One which it airs in anime, also contains a heavy content. He stated that an episode itself was "difficult to draw", but he feels like that the light finally began to appear and started to feel better about its theme. The story itself makes his own tension on the picture, which he drew perfectly. The goal makes him draw something which the readers think that the series is over after the battle, but it was well-received by a survey and felt it was a break in the manga. He already knew that All Might would lose his strength, and makes it useless but to depict with a normal tension. He felt that it was not an impressive episode because it is not the "Plus Ultra" theme, unless someone draw beyond the limits. He thought that making a story would come out when the topic is about "Who was the best?", while it feels like that the series could be over.


title: My Hero Academia

text: "My Hero Academia" is written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi. The series began its serialization in Shueisha's "shōnen" manga magazine "Weekly Shōnen Jump" on July 7, 2014. Shueisha has collected its chapters into individual "tankōbon" volumes. The first volume was released on November 4, 2014. As of October 4, 2022, thirty-six volumes have been released. The manga entered its final act in chapter 306, which was released on March 21, 2021.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The series is licensed for English-language release in North America by Viz Media, who published the first volume on August 4, 2015. As the series is published in Japan, it is also released simultaneously in English digitally by Viz Media's "Weekly Shonen Jump" and later its website. Shueisha began to simulpublish the series in English on the website and app "Manga Plus" in January 2019.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A spin-off series entitled "" by Hirofumi Neda started in the "Shōnen Jump+" digital app on November 9, 2015, and finished on November 6, 2017. Five "tankōbon" volumes were released as of November 2017. In November 2018, during their panel at Anime NYC, Viz Media announced that they have licensed the manga. The first volume was released in North America on August 6, 2019. A second spin-off series, "", began being published biweekly on the "Shōnen Jump+" website and app in 2017. The series began its serialization on August 20, 2016, and ended on May 28, 2022. The series is licensed for the English-language release in North America by Viz Media. The first volume was released in North America on July 3, 2018. A third spin-off series, "" by Yōkō Akiyama, began serialization in "Saikyō Jump" on August 2, 2019, with a prologue chapter debuting in "Jump GIGA" on July 25, 2019. The series is also licensed for the English-language release in North America by Viz Media. The first volume was released in North America on March 2, 2021.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The first two of the series' films have been adapted into one-volume manga series. Both were published by Homesha. A 15-page one-shot spin-off manga illustrated by Yōkō Akiyama centered on Melissa, titled , was published in the 35th issue of Shueisha's "Weekly Shōnen Jump" on July 30, 2018. A one-shot spin-off manga that serves as a prequel to the first film written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi centered on All Might's past and the featured character Nana Shimura, titled , was given to the first million moviegoers on August 3, 2018. A ten-page manga was included in the book, containing a "character description and analysis collection" of characters in the film, and a "secret dialogue" between Horikoshi and "One Piece" creator Eiichiro Oda. It was later published in English by Viz Media in September 2018.


title: My Hero Academia

text: , a two-chapter manga spin-off illustrated by Akiyama, was published in Shueisha's "Weekly Shōnen Jump" on December 16 and 23, 2019. It centered on Izuku Midoriya and Katsuki Bakugo during their second year in middle school. A one-shot spin-off manga that serves as a prequel to the second film written and illustrated by Horikoshi centered on Nine, titled , was also given to the first million theatergoers on December 20, 2019. A nine-page manga was included in the book, containing an extended interview with Horikoshi, character designs and sketches. A manga chapter was later published in English by Viz Media in March 2020.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A 17-page special one-shot chapter written and illustrated by Akiyama, titled , was published in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" on August 2, 2021. It centered on Endeavor and his trainees Deku, Bakugo and Shoto during their Hero Work-Studies at the Endeavor Agency. An 80-page manga booklet, titled , includes a nine-page one-shot manga that serves as a prequel to the third film centered on Endeavor Agency trainees and the featured character Hawks, titled as well as the roundtable interview with past and present manga editors, costume and character designs, and an interview with Horikoshi. It was given to the "My Hero Academia: World Heroes' Mission" theatergoers who viewed the film in Japan on August 6, 2021. The manga volume had a limited print run of one million copies. In October 2021, a 76-page booklet featuring a specialty manga, was also given to the theatergoers who saw it on the opening weekend in the United States.


title: My Hero Academia

text: On October 29, 2015, the series' official website announced that the manga would receive an anime television series adaptation produced by Bones. The anime is directed by Kenji Nagasaki, written by Yōsuke Kuroda, and featured character designs by Yoshihiko Umakoshi who also served as the chief animation director. The anime stars Marina Inoue as Momo Yaoyorozu, Yoshimasa Hosoya as Fumikage Tokoyami, Daiki Yamashita as Izuku Midoriya, Kenta Miyake as All Might, Nobuhiko Okamoto as Katsuki Bakugō, Ayane Sakura as Ochako Uraraka, Kaito Ishikawa as Tenya Iida, Aoi Yūki as Tsuyu Asui, and Ryō Hirohashi as Minoru Mineta. The anime premiered on April 3, 2016, on TBS, MBS and other Japan News Network stations in the 'Nichigo' time slot at 5 P.M. on Sundays in Japan. The first season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in five compilations, each containing two to three episodes, by Toho between June 29 and October 12, 2016. Funimation licensed the series for an English dubbed release in North America and released the episodes in a limited edition combo set, a standard combo set, and a DVD set on April 18, 2017. FunimationNow, Crunchyroll and Hulu are streaming the series outside of Asia.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A second season was announced in the "Weekly Shōnen Jump" magazine's 30th issue of 2016. The second season aired from April 1 to September 30, 2017, on NTV and ytv. The staff and cast from the first season returned to reprise their roles. Toho released the season on DVD and Blu-Ray in eight compilations, each containing two to four episodes, between July 19, 2017, and February 14, 2018. Funimation released the series in North America in two volumes, with the first volume being released on April 3, 2018, and the second volume released on June 5, 2018. Both volumes received a limited edition combo release, a standard edition combo release, and a standard edition DVD release. Like the previous season, FunimationNow, Crunchyroll and Hulu are streaming the season outside of Asia as it airs.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A third season was announced in the 44th issue of "Weekly Shōnen Jump" magazine of 2017. The third season aired from April 7 to September 29, 2018. Toho released the season on DVD and Blu-Ray in eight compilations, each containing two to four episodes, between July 18, 2018, and February 13, 2019. Funimation released the series in North America in two volumes, with the first volume released on May 7, 2019, and the second volume on September 3, 2019. The first volume received a limited edition combo release, along with a standard edition combo release, and a standard edition DVD release. FunimationNow is streaming the season in Simuldub, while Crunchyroll and Hulu are simulcasting outside of Asia as it airs.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A fourth season was announced in the final episode of season three, which released on September 29, 2018. On December 19, 2018, the series' official website confirmed a release date of October 12, 2019, along with a key visual. Funimation premiered the first episode of the fourth season at Anime Expo on July 6, 2019, with the English dub. Kenji Nagasaki served as chief director of the fourth season, with Masahiro Mukai as director. The fourth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in six volumes in Japan by Toho, with the first volume released on January 22, 2020, and the final volume released on August 19, 2020. In North America, Funimation released the series in two volumes, with the first volume released on September 29, 2020, and the second volume on February 16, 2021.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A fifth season was announced at the end of the final episode of season four. The fifth season aired from March 27 to September 25, 2021. Funimation launched on its service on April 10, 2021, with an English dub. Unlike the previous seasons, Medialink licensed the series in Southeast Asia and South Asia. The season is also streaming on Netflix, Viu, Bilibili, WeTV, iQIYI, meWATCH, and other regional streaming services. Toho released the fifth season of the anime on DVD and Blu-ray in four volumes in Japan, with the first volume released on July 21, 2021, and the final volume released on January 19, 2022. In North America, Funimation and Crunchyroll released the first part of the fifth season on home video on March 29, 2022, and the second part on December 19, 2022.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A sixth season was announced at the end of the fifth season's final episode. On July 24, 2022, the Hero Fes event confirmed that it will premiere on October 1, 2022, with a new visual was revealed. The season will run for two consecutive cours. Toho will release the sixth season of the anime on DVD and Blu-ray in four volumes in Japan, with the first volume releasing on January 18, 2023, and the final volume set to be released on July 19, 2023.


title: My Hero Academia

text: During the Jump Festa '16 event, it was announced that the series would get an original video animation (OVA). Titled "Save! Rescue Training!", it was bundled with the limited edition of the thirteenth volume of the manga, which released on April 4, 2017. A second OVA, titled "Training of the Dead", bundled with a limited edition of the fourteenth volume of the manga, released on June 2, 2017. It focuses on a joint practice session between Izuku's class and the other hero department students at U.A. Academy. A third OVA, "All Might: Rising", was released on February 13, 2019. It was bundled with the first film's blu-ray set, and adapted its prequel manga. It was two minutes long.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A two-part original net animation (ONA) titled "Make It! Do-or-Die Survival Training", were released on August 16, 2020, with the returning staff and cast from season 4. Funimation streamed them simultaneously with the Japanese release. Another OVA was included with the "Plus Ultra" edition of "" in Japan. Titled , it is based on the chapter "No.XXX Hawks: SOOTHE" from "Vol. World Heroes" manga, which released on February 16, 2022. It follows Midoriya, Bakugo, and Todoroki as they encounter Hawks in an airport terminal.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Two new OVA episodes, titled "HLB <Hero League Baseball>" and "Laugh! As If You Are in Hell", were announced on May 8 and June 3, 2022, respectively. The episodes were given screenings in Japan from June 16–19, 2022. Internationally, Crunchyroll premiered the episodes at Anime Expo on July 1, 2022. A worldwide streaming release premiered on August 1, 2022.


title: My Hero Academia

text: In March 2016, Funimation announced they had licensed the international rights for streaming services, the home and broadcast release, and the merchandise rights. Universal Pictures UK distributed the first season in the United Kingdom and Ireland on behalf of Funimation, with Sony Pictures UK distributing the second season for Funimation, and Manga Entertainment distributing subsequent seasons for Funimation. In Australia and New Zealand, Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment distributed the first two seasons, on behalf of Funimation, with Madman Anime distributing season 3 onwards, in partnership with Funimation. On April 19, 2018, Funimation announced that the series would air on Adult Swim's Toonami block starting on May 5, 2018. Medialink licensed the series in Southeast Asia. They aired it simultaneously on Animax Asia.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The music of the series is composed by Yuki Hayashi. The series uses twenty different songs for credits music: ten opening themes and ten ending themes. The opening theme is "The Day", performed by Porno Graffitti, while the ending theme is "Heroes", performed by Brian the Sun for 13 episodes in the first season. The first opening theme is performed by Kenshi Yonezu and the first ending theme is , performed by Little Glee Monster for the first 13 episodes of the second season. From episode 14 onwards, the second opening theme is performed by amazarashi and the ending theme is by LiSA. For the first thirteen episodes of the third season, the first opening theme is "Odd Future" by Uverworld, while the first ending theme is by miwa. For the rest of the season, the second opening theme is "Make my story" by Lenny code fiction and the second ending theme is by Masaki Suda.


title: My Hero Academia

text: For the first fourteen episodes of the fourth season, the first opening theme is by Blue Encount, while the first ending theme is by Sayuri. For the rest of the season, the second opening theme is by Kana-Boon, and the second ending theme is "Shout Baby" by Ryokuōshoku Shakai. Chrissy Costanza performs the insert songs "Each Goal" in episode 19 and "Hero too" in episode 23. For the first thirteen episodes of the fifth season, the first opening theme is "No.1" by DISH, while the first ending theme is by The Peggies. From episode 14 onwards, the second opening theme is "Merry-Go-Round" by Man with a Mission, while the second ending theme is by Soushi Sakiyama. For the sixth season, the opening theme is by Super Beaver, while the ending theme is "Sketch" by Kiro Akiyama.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The first season's soundtrack album was released on July 13, 2016, with 35 tracks including several background sounds, under the Toho Animation Records label. The second season's 2-disc soundtrack album was released on September 6, 2017, with 23 tracks each. The third season and theatrical film's 2-disc soundtrack album were released on July 18, 2018, with 67 tracks overall. , which contains thirty-two tracks selected in between the first season and third season, released on August 21, 2019. The first season has nine tracks; second season has thirteen; and third season contains ten in a soundtrack album.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The fourth season's soundtrack album was released on March 25, 2020, with 18 tracks. It includes the song "Might" by Makayla Phillips, and "Each Goal" and "Hero too" by Chrissy Costanza as well as the instrumental version songs. The fifth season's soundtrack album which contains 19 tracks, released in Japan by Toho Animation Records on September 26, 2021, and in the United States by Milan Records on CD and vinyl records on January 26, 2022. Anime Limited released the soundtrack digitally which contains a two-LP set in the United Kingdom and Ireland on June 17, 2022. compilation album was released on January 26, 2022. The CD album contains twenty-seven tracks in between the fourth season and fifth season. In November 2021, a concert event titled "My Hero Academia Official Live Concert" was held at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in Manhattan, which featured a rock band, orchestral music and some iconic tracks including the song "Hero too", performed by the series' composer.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A light novel series titled , written by Anri Yoshi, has been released by Shueisha under its Jump J-Books imprint. It centers on Izuku Midoriya and his classmates of U.A. High in everyday school lives. It also features the main story events that covers off-screen. The first volume was released on April 4, 2016. As of October 4, 2021, six volumes have been published. In North America, it has been licensed in English by Viz Media. The first volume was published on April 2, 2019. As of October 5, 2021, five volumes have been published.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Light novels based on the three anime films were also released. A light novel adaptation based on the first film, written by Anri Yoshi, was published by Shueisha under Jump J-Books imprint on August 3, 2018. It centered on Izuku and All Might when they visit Melissa in I-Island. A light novel adaptation of the series' second film, centered on Midoriya and Bakugo, was published on December 20, 2019. A light novel of the third film, was published on August 6, 2021.


title: My Hero Academia

text: An anime film was announced in December 2017 and features an original story set after the manga's "Final Exam" arc. Titled "", the film had its world premiere at Anime Expo in Los Angeles on July 5, 2018, and the Japanese theatrical release began screening on August 3, 2018, with the staff and cast from the anime series returning to reprise their roles. The film has grossed over $33 million worldwide, and ended its theatrical run with $5.8 million to become the tenth-highest-grossing animated film in the United States and Canada at that time.


title: My Hero Academia

text: On March 23, 2019, it was announced that a second animated film for the series was in production. On July 7, 2019, the official Twitter account for "My Hero Academia" revealed the title as "", and the film was released in Japan on December 20, 2019. The film takes place after the manga's "Meta Liberation Army" arc. It has elements to its story that were once going to be used by Kōhei Horikoshi as a finale to the series. It was released in North America on February 26, 2020. The film has grossed over $29 million worldwide, and surpassed "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes" during its ninth weekend in the domestic gross.


title: My Hero Academia

text: On November 29, 2020, it was announced that a third animated film for the series was in production, and is scheduled for release in third quarter of 2021. The second film of the franchise was intended to be the last in the series until images of the third film appeared online. The staff and cast from the previous two films are returning to reprise their roles. In the first episode of the series' fifth season, the film was revealed to be titled "". The film was released in Japan on August 6, 2021, and it began screening in the United States and Canada on October 29, 2021. The film has grossed over $47 million worldwide, and became the tenth highest-grossing domestic film of 2021 in Japan.


title: My Hero Academia

text: In October 2018, Legendary Entertainment acquired the rights to produce a live-action adaptation of the series. In August 2021, it was revealed to be directed by Shinsuke Sato, with Alex Garcia and Jay Ashenfelter overseeing the adaptation, and Ryosuke Yoritomi representing the manga publisher Shueisha. Toho will distribute the film in Japan. On December 12, 2022, Netflix announced that they had acquired the rights to the film with Joby Harold writing the screenplay for the adaptation.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A video game based on the anime, , was announced in November 2015. The game was developed by Dimps and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console, where it released in Japan on May 19, 2016.


title: My Hero Academia

text: "My Hero Academia" has also received three video games developed by Byking and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The first, titled , was released for PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, Windows, and Xbox One on October 26, 2018. The game has sold over 500,000 units worldwide, as of January 2019. A sequel, , was released on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One on March 12, 2020 in Japan and worldwide the following day. The third, a free-to-play battle royale action game titled was announced in January 2022. It will be released on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Two mobile games have been released for iOS and Android. "My Hero Academia: The Strongest Hero" was released globally in North America and several other mostly English-speaking countries in late May 2021 and in February 2022.


title: My Hero Academia

text: Izuku Midoriya, All Might, and Katsuki Bakugo appeared as playable characters in the crossover game "Jump Force". A crossover event with "Fortnite Battle Royale" began on December 16, 2022 as part of the launch of 'Chapter 4 Season 1', with Izuku Midoriya, Katsuki Bakugo, Ochaco Uraraka, and All Might appearing as the skin characters for players as well as a One For All ability.


title: My Hero Academia

text: "My Hero Academia: The "Ultra" Stage", a stage play adaptation, was first announced in 2018 and ran at The Galaxy Theatre in Tokyo from April 12–21, and then at the Sankei Hall Breeze in Osaka from April 26–29, 2019. The play was directed by Tsuneyasu Motoyoshi, written by Hideyuki Nishimori, and choreographed by Umebō. Shunsuke Wada composed the music. The cast includes Shin Tamura as Izuku Midoriya, Ryōta Kobayashi as Katsuki Bakugo, Yume Takuchi as Ochaco Uraraka, Hiroki Ino as Tenya Iida, and Ryō Kitamura as Shoto Todoroki.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A second stage play adaptation titled "My Hero Academia: The "Ultra" Stage: A True Hero", was scheduled to run at the Shingawa Prince Hotel Stellar Ball in Tokyo from March 6–22, and at the Umeda Arts Theater Drama City in Osaka from March 27–April 5, 2020, with the cast and staff returning. A concert event titled "My Hero Academia: The "Ultra" Live" will be held in July 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, "My Hero Academia: The "Ultra" Stage: A True Hero"'s original run was canceled and postponed to July 2020, where a complete version titled "My Hero Academia: The "Ultra" Stage: A True Hero Plus Stage Ver." will run instead while "My Hero Academia: The "Ultra" Live" is postponed to a later date. After one staff member contracted COVID-19, the production committee announced that "My Hero Academia: The "Ultra" Stage: A True Hero" would instead be live-streamed; however, the play was delayed again after another staff member contracted COVID-19. The "My Hero Academia: The "Ultra" Stage: A True Hero Plus Stage Ver." stage play was announced for a new run in 2021, which held at Tokyo Dome City Hall from December 3–12 and at Tokyo Gekijō from December 24–26.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A third stage play adaptation titled "My Hero Academia The "Ultra" Stage: The Symbol of Peace" was announced on December 26, 2021, and is scheduled to run in 3 cities from April to May. It will run in Kanagawa on April 9–10, in Osaka on April 22–24, and in Tokyo from April 29–May 8, 2022. However, due to actor's injury during the afternoon performance of the play on Saturday, the production committee is decided to canceled the performances while "My Hero Academia The "Ultra" Stage: The Symbol of Peace" is also announced to be postponed to a later date for the remaining performances in Tokyo.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A fourth stage play adaptation titled "My Hero Academia: The "Ultra" Stage: The Best Hero", was announced on Jump Festa '23 event in December 2022. It is scheduled to run in Tokyo from April 29 to May 7, in Kobe from May 12–14, and again in Tokyo from May 19–21, 2023.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The "My Hero Academia" art book and three guidebooks have been published and released by Sheuisha. An art book titled , was released on May 7, 2016.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The first guidebook titled which features the character profiles, stats, Quirks, trivia facts, concept art, information on the manga, special omake chapters focused on certain characters, and a conversation with anime character designer Yoshihiko Umakoshi, was published on May 2, 2016. Accompanying the anime, the guidebook titled designed by the character designer Yoshihiko Umakoshi which features several questionnaires written by the anime's cast members and a round-table discussion full of dialogue, was published on September 4, 2017. The third guidebook titled which features exclusive information about years of the series' serialization, characters' origins and motivations, an interview and an in-depth conversation between Horikoshi and "Bleach" author Tite Kubo, was published on October 4, 2019.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A drama CD titled bundled with a limited edition of the seventh volume of the manga, released before the anime. Kōhei Horikoshi provides the original story and supervised the project, and the script is written by Yōsuke Kuroda who also wrote for the anime series.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A trading card game based on the anime was announced in Jump Festa '16. The game was developed and published by Tomy, and released in Japan on April 23, 2016. An arcade card game titled was released for Android and iOS devices on April 28, 2016. The game lets players collect hero card and take part in 3v3 battles.


title: My Hero Academia

text: A hot spring theme park on Odaiba collaborated with the anime for a promotion, which ran from September 1 to October 1, 2017 at Oedo Onsen Monogatari. A stamp rally offered original goods during the collaboration. An attraction with games inspired by Japanese temple festivals was held. People who attend the event will be able to purchase merchandise with the collaboration's special illustrations and food with bonus items. An exhibit of the series ran in Tokyo's Ikebukuro Sunshine City from September 30 to October 8, 2018. The exhibit is separated into seven zones which covers the different part of the anime's story. The anime has also collaborating several companies for merchandise and products such as Sanrio, Tokyu Hands, Clorets, Axe, and many others.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The numerous "My Hero Academia"-themed cafés has had collaborating for a limited time as well, since its anime debut. Most notably in the fall festival theme, which opened from October 12 to November 24, 2019 at the Sega Ikebukuro GiGO in Tokyo. The restaurants featured decorations of artwork from the series, and served food or dessert menu connected to "My Hero Academia" characters or items.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The story has been noted to take inspiration from elements in superhero comics, such as the aesthetics of its characters, and due to the popularity of the series, characters of "My Hero Academia" were used to promote the Marvel Studios film "". Before the anime adaptation's premiere, manga author Masashi Kishimoto praised Kōhei Horikoshi's work, believing it would be a success overseas. Eiichiro Oda also praised the series. The anime was popular with Japanese readers of "Charapedia", who voted it the fourth best anime show of Q2 2017. The cosplayers as characters were also became popular especially in Japan, where a poll ranked 9th in 2017. According to Instagram hashtag research by UK retailer Zavvi, the series became the most popular franchise among cosplayers worldwide with 2,377,476 posts, ahead of DC Comics and Marvel. The retailer stating that this franchise can demonstrate the "recent growth of anime" where the growth are expected to continue as they spread love in the world about cosplay any characters.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The anime had also received high TV ratings and has consistently ranked among the top ten animated shows in Japan, since the release of its second season onwards. It also had the record-high viewerships that has achieved worldwide, specifically in Japan. With the premiere of its fifth season, "My Hero Academia" sets a record for the most-watched premiere in any series on MyAnimeList where it took the top spot with nearly 147,000 profile users, beating out the other anime titles such as "Attack on Titan: The Final Season", "The Promised Neverland" (season 2) and "Dr. Stone: Stone Wars". With the premiere of its sixth season on October 1, 2022, "My Hero Academia" earned a television rating of 3.9% and ranked as the fourth-most watched anime ahead of "One Piece" in the average household viewership in Japan. The sixth season's fifth episode garnering over 3 million viewerships across 2.26 million households in television, making it one of the biggest anime episodes to date.


title: My Hero Academia

text: According to "Observer" where the data tracks and measures popularity through social media, fan ratings, and piracy, "My Hero Academia" was the 2nd most "in-demand" TV title in the United States for the last 60 days in 2020. On Tumblr's 2020 Year in Review, which highlights the largest communities, fandoms, and trends on the platform throughout the year, the series ranked 1st on the Top Anime & Manga Shows category. The characters of the anime series were also ranked, with 7 of the top 10 spots making their list. Izuku Midoriya ranked 1st while the other characters Katsuki Bakugo, Dabi, Shouta Aizawa, Hawks, Shoto Todoroki and Eijiro Kirishima are on 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th place, respectively. It is also ranked on 9th of Tumblr's overall Top 20 of 2020 list, suggesting that its popularity on the platform far exceeds its competitors in the Top Anime & Manga category, of which none are included in the list. The series was #17 on the annual Twitter Japan's Trend Awards in 2021, based on the social network's top trending topics of the year.


title: My Hero Academia

text: "My Hero Academia" ranked second on the "Nationwide Bookstore Employees' Recommended Comics of 2015" poll by Honya Club online bookstore. On Takarajimasha's "Kono Manga ga Sugoi!" ranking of top 20 manga of 2016 for male readers, the series ranked 5th on the 2016 list. "My Hero Academia" ranked 26th on the 2015 "Book of the Year" list by "Da Vinci" magazine; it ranked 22nd on the 2016 list; 16th on the 2018 list; 37th on the 2019 list; 41st on the 2020 list; 34th on the 2021 list; and 22nd on the 2022 list. The manga won the Mandō Kobayashi Manga Grand Prix 2015, created by comedian and manga enthusiast Kendo Kobayashi, in which each year's winner is decided based on his personal taste. The series was chosen as one of the Best Manga at the Comic-Con International Best & Worst Manga in 2018 and 2019. Barnes & Noble named it on their list of "Our Favorite Manga of 2018". Cold Cobra of "Anime UK News" picked the series for his list of "best manga of 2010s". On TV Asahi's Manga Sōsenkyo 2021 poll, in which 150.000 people voted for their top 100 manga series, "My Hero Academia" ranked #16. On a 2021 survey conducted by LINE Research asking Japanese high school students what manga series they are currently into, the series ranked 2nd among boys.


title: My Hero Academia

text: "My Hero Academia" has become one of the most popular manga series in history upon its release; in 2014, the 1st volume reached 7th place on the weekly Oricon's manga chart with 71,575 copies sold. It sold out almost immediately on its first printing. Volume 2 reached 6th place, with 167,531 copies and, by January 18, 2015, had sold 205,179 copies. In April 2015, volume 3 reached 8th place with 254,111 copies, while volume 4 reached 6th with 259,137 in June, and volume 5 peaked at 9th place with 279,414 copies in August. By March 2017, the manga had over 10 million copies in circulation; it had over 13 million copies in circulation by February 2018; over 15 million copies in circulation by May 2018; over 16 million copies in circulation by August 2018; over 17 million copies in circulation by September 2018; over 20 million copies in circulation by December 2018. over 21 million copies in circulation by February 2019; over 26 million copies in circulation by December 2019; over 30 million copies in circulation by January 2021; over 50 million copies in circulation by April 2021, with 37 million being sold in Japan and the remaining 13 million in the rest of the world; and over 65 million copies in circulation by January 2022, with 45 million being sold in Japan and the remaining 20 million elsewhere.


title: My Hero Academia

text: "My Hero Academia" was the sixth best-selling manga series in the first half of 2017, with over 2 million copies sold, and its two volumes (volumes 12 and 13) were among the top 50 best-selling manga volumes. In November 2017, the series ranked 4th in the Oricon's annual manga ranking chart, with over 5.8 million copies sold, while volumes 12–15 were among the 50 best-selling manga volumes. It was the 5th best-selling manga series in the first half of 2018, with over 2.5 million copies sold, while volumes 17 and 18 were the 13th and 17th best-selling manga volumes, respectively. The series was ranked 6th on Rakuten's Top 20 Best Selling Digital Manga of 2018. It was the second best-selling manga series in 2018 with over 6.7 million copies sold, while volumes 17–20 were among the 50 best-selling manga volumes, having sold over 3 million copies combined. The 22nd volume of the manga topped the list in Oricon's ranking sales chart in February 2019, with 576,148 copies sold. It was the fourth best-selling manga series in the first half of 2019, with over 3.1 million copies sold, while three of its volumes (volumes 21, 22 and 23) were among the 50 best-selling manga volumes. It was the fifth best-selling manga series in 2022, with over 5.3 million copies sold; volumes 33–35 were among the 30 best-selling manga volumes of the year.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The "My Hero Academia" franchise sales generated an estimated annual content revenue of ¥16 billion in Japan between 2016 and 2020. In 2018, the 17th volume of "My Hero Academia" had an initial print run of 600,000 copies. In Q4 2018, "My Hero Academia" became the best-selling manga franchise in North America from "ICv2". It was the 6th best-selling manga in 2019, with over 5.04 million copies sold. The 26th volume of the manga ranked fourth and had received an initial print run of 660,000 copies, along with "One-Punch Man" in 2020. It was the 5th best-selling manga in the first half of 2020, with 3,339,656 million copies sold. The series was ranked 12th on Rakuten's Top 20 Best Selling Digital Manga of 2020. It was the 8th best-selling manga in 2020, with over 6 million copies sold. The 29th volume had an initial print run of 680,000 copies in 2021. It was the 5th best-selling manga in 2021, with over 7 million copies sold. The series was ranked 8th on Rakuten's Top 20 Best Selling Digital Manga of 2021.


title: My Hero Academia

text: The volumes of "My Hero Academia" appeared on "The New York Times" manga bestsellers list for several weeks, with volume one debuted in August 2015 at fourth place. They were also ranked on NPD BookScan's monthly top 20 adult graphic novels list since August 2016. Several volumes of the manga were also ranked on "The New York Times" Graphic Books and Manga bestseller monthly list since November 2019. The volumes 1 and 26 ranked 3rd and 6th, respectively, on Publishers Weekly's bestseller list in March 2021. Volume 28 also made Publishers Weekly's bestseller list in September 2021, ranking 5th. The series was ranked 9th on Rakuten's Top 20 Best Selling Digital Manga of 2022.


title: My Hero Academia

text: According to "ICv2", "My Hero Academia" was the 5th best-selling manga franchise for Q4 2021 (September–December) in the United States. According to NPD BookScan, seven volumes of "My Hero Academia" were ranked among the top 20 highest-selling manga volumes in 2021. The first volume has over 1.2 million copies in circulation as of 2022 and the franchise as a whole had 10 million copies in circulation in the United States.