title: Charlemagne

text: Einhard tells in his twenty-fourth chapter: Charlemagne threw grand banquets and feasts for special occasions such as religious holidays and four of his weddings. When he was not working, he loved Christian books, horseback riding, swimming, bathing in natural hot springs with his friends and family, and hunting. Franks were well known for horsemanship and hunting skills. Charles was a light sleeper and would stay in his bed chambers for entire days at a time due to restless nights. During these days, he would not get out of bed when a quarrel occurred in his kingdom, instead summoning all members of the situation into his bedroom to be given orders. Einhard tells again in the twenty-fourth chapter: "In summer after the midday meal, he would eat some fruit, drain a single cup, put off his clothes and shoes, just as he did for the night, and rest for two or three hours. He was in the habit of awaking and rising from bed four or five times during the night."


title: Charlemagne

text: He also spoke Latin and had at least some understanding of Greek, according to Einhard ("Grecam vero melius intellegere quam pronuntiare poterat", "he could understand Greek better than he could speak it").


title: Charlemagne

text: The largely fictional account of Charlemagne's Iberian campaigns by Pseudo-Turpin, written some three centuries after his death, gave rise to the legend that the king also spoke Arabic.


title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne's personal appearance is known from a good description by Einhard after his death in the biography "Vita Karoli Magni". Einhard states:


title: Charlemagne

text: The physical portrait provided by Einhard is confirmed by contemporary depictions such as coins and his bronze statuette kept in the Louvre. In 1861, Charlemagne's tomb was opened by scientists who reconstructed his skeleton and estimated it to be measured . A 2010 estimate of his height from an X-ray and CT scan of his tibia was . This puts him in the 99th percentile of height for his period, given that average male height of his time was . The width of the bone suggested he was gracile in body build.


title: Charlemagne

text: He wore a blue cloak and always carried a sword typically of a golden or silver hilt. He wore intricately jeweled swords to banquets or ambassadorial receptions. Nevertheless:


title: Charlemagne

text: On great feast days, he wore embroidery and jewels on his clothing and shoes. He had a golden buckle for his cloak on such occasions and would appear with his great diadem, but he despised such apparel according to Einhard, and usually dressed like the common people.


title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne had residences across his kingdom, including numerous private estates that were governed in accordance with the Capitulare de villis. A 9th-century document detailing the inventory of an estate at Asnapium listed amounts of livestock, plants and vegetables and kitchenware including cauldrons, drinking cups, brass kettles and firewood. The manor contained seventeen houses built inside the courtyard for nobles and family members and was separated from its supporting villas.


title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne was revered as a saint in the Holy Roman Empire and some other locations after the twelfth century. The Apostolic See did not recognise his invalid canonisation by Antipope Paschal III, done to gain the favour of Frederick Barbarossa in 1165. The Apostolic See annulled all of Paschal's ordinances at the Third Lateran Council in 1179. He is not enumerated among the 28 saints named "Charles" in the "Roman Martyrology". His beatification has been acknowledged as "cultus confirmed" and is celebrated on 28 January.


title: Charlemagne

text: The author of the "Visio Karoli Magni" written around 865 uses facts gathered apparently from Einhard and his own observations on the decline of Charlemagne's family after the dissensions war (840–43) as the basis for a visionary tale of Charles' meeting with a prophetic spectre in a dream.


title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne was a model knight as one of the Nine Worthies who enjoyed an important legacy in European culture. One of the great medieval literary cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the "Matter of France", centres on his deeds—the Emperor with the Flowing Beard of "Roland" fame—and his historical commander of the border with Brittany, Roland, and the 12 paladins. These are analogous to, and inspired the myth of, the Knights of the Round Table of King Arthur's court. Their tales constitute the first "chansons de geste".


title: Charlemagne

text: In the 12th century, Geoffrey of Monmouth based his stories of Arthur largely on stories of Charlemagne. During the Hundred Years' War in the 14th century, there was considerable cultural conflict in England, where the Norman rulers were aware of their French roots and identified with Charlemagne, Anglo-Saxon natives felt more affinity for Arthur, whose own legends were relatively primitive. Therefore, storytellers in England adapted legends of Charlemagne and his 12 Peers to the Arthurian tales.


title: Charlemagne

text: In the "Divine Comedy", the spirit of Charlemagne appears to Dante in the , among the other "warriors of the faith".


title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne's capitularies were quoted by Pope Benedict XIV in his apostolic constitution 'Providas' against freemasonry: "For in no way are we able to understand how they can be faithful to us, who have shown themselves unfaithful to God and disobedient to their Priests".


title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne appears in "Adelchi", the second tragedy by Italian writer Alessandro Manzoni, first published in 1822.


title: Charlemagne

text: In 1867, an equestrian statue of Charlemagne was made by Louis Jehotte and was inaugurated in 1868 on the Boulevard d'Avroy in Liège. In the niches of the neo-roman pedestal are six statues of Charlemagne's ancestors (Sainte Begge, Pépin de Herstal, Charles Martel, Bertrude, Pépin de Landen and Pépin le Bref).


title: Charlemagne

text: The North Wall Frieze in the courtroom of the Supreme Court of the United States depicts Charlemagne as a legal reformer.


title: Charlemagne

text: The city of Aachen has, since 1949, awarded an international prize (called the "Karlspreis der Stadt Aachen") in honour of Charlemagne. It is awarded annually to "personages of merit who have promoted the idea of Western unity by their political, economic and literary endeavours." Winners of the prize include Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, the founder of the pan-European movement, Alcide De Gasperi, and Winston Churchill.


title: Charlemagne

text: In its national anthem, "El Gran Carlemany", the microstate of Andorra credits Charlemagne with its independence.


title: Charlemagne

text: In 1964, young French singer France Gall released the hit song "Sacré Charlemagne" in which the lyrics blame the great king for imposing the burden of compulsory education on French children.


title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne is quoted by Dr Henry Jones, Sr. in "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade". After using his umbrella to induce a flock of seagulls to smash through the glass cockpit of a pursuing German fighter plane, Henry Jones remarks, "I suddenly remembered my Charlemagne: 'Let my armies be the rocks and the trees and the birds in the sky. Despite the quote's popularity since the movie, there is no evidence that Charlemagne actually said this.


title: Charlemagne

text: A 2010 episode of "QI" discussed the mathematics completed by Mark Humphrys that calculated that all modern Europeans are highly likely to share Charlemagne as a common ancestor (see most recent common ancestor).


title: Charlemagne

text: "The Economist" featured a weekly column entitled "Charlemagne", focusing generally on European affairs and, more usually and specifically, on the European Union and its politics.


title: Charlemagne

text: Actor and singer Christopher Lee's symphonic metal concept album "" and its heavy metal follow-up "" feature the events of Charlemagne's life.


title: Charlemagne

text: In April 2014, on the occasion of the 1200th anniversary of Charlemagne's death, public art "Mein Karl" by Ottmar Hörl at Katschhof place was installed between city hall and the Aachen cathedral, displaying 500 Charlemagne statues.


title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne features as a playable character in the 2014 "Charlemagne" expansion for the grand strategy video game "Crusader Kings 2".


title: Charlemagne

text: In the 2018 video game "Fate/Extella Link", Charlemagne appears as a Heroic Spirit separated into two Saint Graphs: the adventurous hero Charlemagne, who embodies the fantasy aspect as leader of the Twelve Paladins, and the villain Karl de Große, who embodies the historical aspect as Holy Roman Emperor.


title: Charlemagne

text: In July 2022, Charlemagne featured as a character in an episode of The Family Histories Podcast, and it references his role as an ancestor of all modern Europeans. He is portrayed here in later life, and is speaking Latin, which is translated by a device. He is returned to 9th Century Aquitaine by the end of the episode after a DNA sample has been extracted.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Stephanie Lynn Nicks (born May 26, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter, and producer known for her work with the band Fleetwood Mac and as a solo artist.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: After starting her career as a duo with her then-boyfriend Lindsey Buckingham, releasing the album "Buckingham Nicks" to little success, Nicks joined Fleetwood Mac in 1975, helping the band to become one of the best-selling music acts of all time with over 120 million records sold worldwide. "Rumours", the band's second album with Nicks, became one of the best-selling albums worldwide, being certified 20× platinum in the US.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 1981, while remaining a member of Fleetwood Mac, Nicks began her solo career, releasing the studio album "Bella Donna", which topped the "Billboard" 200 and has reached multiplatinum status. She has released eight studio solo albums and seven studio albums with Fleetwood Mac, selling a certified total of 65 million copies in the US alone.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: After the release of her first solo album, "Rolling Stone" named her the "Reigning Queen of Rock and Roll". Nicks was named one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time and one of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time by "Rolling Stone". Her Fleetwood Mac songs "Landslide", "Rhiannon", and "Dreams", with the last being the band's only number one hit in the US, together with her solo hit "Edge of Seventeen", have all been included in "Rolling Stone"s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. She is the first woman to have been inducted twice into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: first as a member of Fleetwood Mac in 1998 and then as a solo artist in 2019.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks has garnered eight Grammy Award nominations and two American Music Award nominations as a solo artist. She has won numerous awards with Fleetwood Mac, including a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1978 for "Rumours".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The albums "Fleetwood Mac", "Rumours", and "Bella Donna" have been included in the "Greatest of All Time "Billboard" 200 Albums" chart by "Billboard". Furthermore, "Rumours" was rated the seventh-greatest album of all time in "Rolling Stone"'s list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time", as well as the fourth-greatest album by female acts.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Stephanie "Stevie" Nicks was born at Good Samaritan Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona to Jess and Barbara Nicks. Nicks is of German, English, Welsh and Irish ancestry.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks' grandfather, Aaron Jess "A.J." Nicks Sr., taught Nicks to sing duets with him by the time she was four years old. Nicks' mother was protective, keeping her at home "more than most people" and fostered in her daughter a love of fairy tales.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: As a toddler, Stephanie could pronounce her own name only as "tee-dee", which led to her nickname of "Stevie".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Her father's frequent relocation as a vice president of Greyhound had the family living in Phoenix, Arizona; Albuquerque, New Mexico; El Paso, Texas; Salt Lake City, Utah; Los Angeles; and San Francisco. With the Goya guitar that she received for her 16th birthday, Nicks wrote her first song, titled "I've Loved and I've Lost, and I'm Sad but Not Blue". She spent her adolescence playing records constantly, and lived in her "own little musical world".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: While attending Arcadia High School in Arcadia, California she joined her first band, the Changing Times, a folk rock band focused on vocal harmonies.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks met her future musical and romantic partner, Lindsey Buckingham, during her senior year at Menlo-Atherton High School in Atherton, California. When she saw Buckingham playing "California Dreamin'" at Young Life club, she joined him in harmony. She recalled, "I thought he was a darling." Buckingham was in a psychedelic rock band, Fritz, but two of its musicians were leaving for college. He asked Nicks in mid-1967 to replace the lead singer. Fritz later opened for Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin from 1968 until 1970. Nicks credits both acts as having inspired her stage intensity and performance.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Both Nicks and Buckingham attended San José State University, where Nicks majored in speech communication and planned to become an English teacher. With her father's blessing, Nicks dropped out of college to pursue a musical career with Buckingham.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: After Fritz disbanded in 1972, Nicks and Buckingham continued to write as a duo, recording demo tapes at night in Daly City, California, on a one-inch, four-track Ampex tape machine Buckingham kept at the coffee-roasting plant belonging to his father. They secured a deal with Polydor Records, and the eponymous "Buckingham Nicks" was released in 1973. The album was not a commercial success and Polydor dropped the pair. With no money coming in from their album, and Buckingham contracting mononucleosis shortly thereafter, Nicks began working multiple jobs. She waited tables and cleaned producer Keith Olsen's house, where Nicks and Buckingham lived for a time before moving in with Richard Dashut. She was soon using cocaine. "We were told that it was recreational and that it was not dangerous," Nicks told Chris Isaak in 2009.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: While living with Dashut, Buckingham landed a guitar role with the Everly Brothers 1972 tour. Nicks stayed behind working on songwriting herself. During this time, Nicks wrote "Rhiannon" after seeing the name in the novel "Triad" by Mary Leader. (Five years later, a fan sent her the Mabinogion novels of Evangeline Walton that featured the legendary character Rhiannon, and Nicks later bought the film rights to Walton's work in the hopes of bringing the epic to the screen.) She also wrote "Landslide", inspired by the scenery of Aspen and her slowly deteriorating relationship with Buckingham.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In late 1974, Keith Olsen played the Buckingham Nicks track "Frozen Love" for drummer Mick Fleetwood, who had come to Sound City in California in search of a recording studio. Fleetwood remembered Buckingham's guitar work when guitarist Bob Welch departed to pursue a solo career. On December 31, 1974, Fleetwood called Buckingham, inviting him to join the band. Buckingham refused, insisting that Nicks and he were "a package deal" and he would not join without her. The group decided that incorporating the pair would improve Fleetwood Mac, making the British band into an Anglo-American one. The first rehearsals confirmed this feeling, with the harmonies of the newcomers adding a pop accessibility to the band's former style of blues-based rock.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 1975, Fleetwood Mac achieved worldwide success with the album "Fleetwood Mac". Nicks' "Rhiannon" was voted one of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time by "Rolling Stone". Her live performances of the song throughout the decade began to take on a theatrical intensity not present on the album. The song built to a climax in which Nicks' vocals were so impassioned that Mick Fleetwood declared, "her 'Rhiannon' in those days was like an exorcism." "Landslide" became another hit from the album, with three million airplays.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Becoming aware of her image as a performer, Nicks worked with clothing designer Margi Kent to develop a unique onstage look. Her costumes had a gypsy-bohemian style that featured flowing skirts, shawls, and platform boots.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: While Nicks and Buckingham achieved professional success with "Fleetwood Mac", their personal relationship was eroding. Nicks ended the relationship. Fleetwood Mac began recording their follow-up album, "Rumours", in early 1976 and continued until late in the year. Also, Nicks and Buckingham sang back-up on Warren Zevon's eponymous second album.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Among Nicks' contributions to "Rumours" was "Dreams", which became the band's only "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one hit single. Nicks had also written and recorded the song "Silver Springs", but it was not included on the album because the early versions of the song ran too long, and the band didn't want too many slow songs on the album. Studio engineer and co-producer Ken Caillat said that Nicks was very unhappy to find that the band had decided against her song "Silver Springs", which he said was beautifully crafted, and carried some of the band's best guitar work. "Silver Springs", written about her tumultuous relationship with Buckingham, was released as a B-side of the "Go Your Own Way" single—Buckingham's equally critical song about Nicks. Copies of the single eventually became collectors' items among fans of Fleetwood Mac. "Silver Springs" was included on the four-disc Fleetwood Mac retrospective "25 Years – The Chain" in 1992.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: "Rumours", Fleetwood Mac's second album after the incorporation of Nicks and Buckingham, was the best-selling album of 1977 and had sold over 45 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best selling albums of all time. The album remained at number one on the American albums chart for 31 weeks and reached number one in other countries. The album won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1978. It produced four U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 top-ten singles, with Nicks' "Dreams" being the band's only "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one hit.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In November 1977, after a New Zealand concert on the "Rumours" tour, Nicks and Fleetwood secretly began an affair. Fleetwood was married to Jenny Boyd. "Never in a million years could you have told me that would happen," Nicks has stated. "Everybody was angry because Mick was married to a wonderful girl and had two wonderful children. I was horrified. I loved these people. I loved his family. So it couldn't possibly work out. And it didn't. I just couldn't." Nicks ended the affair soon after it began. She has stated that had the affair progressed, it "would have been the end of Fleetwood Mac". By October 1978, Mick Fleetwood left Boyd for Nicks' friend, Sara Recor.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: After the success of the "Rumours" album and tour in 1977 to 1978, Fleetwood Mac began recording their third album with Nicks and Buckingham, "Tusk", in the spring of 1978. By this time, Nicks had amassed a large backlog of songs that she had been unable to record with Fleetwood Mac because of the constraint of having to accommodate three songwriters on each album. "Tusk" was released on October 19, 1979. "Mirage" was recorded in late 1981 and early 1982.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: While working on "Tusk", Nicks sang back-up on virtually every track of "Not Shy", recorded by musician Walter Egan, a friend of both Nicks and Buckingham. "Magnet and Steel", inspired by Nicks, prominently featured her back-up vocals and became a hit single on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart during the summer of 1978. Lindsey Buckingham also produced the album, playing guitar and providing backing vocals on some of the tracks. Nicks recorded the hit duets "Whenever I Call You Friend" with Kenny Loggins in 1978, and "Gold" with John Stewart in 1979. During 1981, Nicks made occasional guest appearances with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers on their "Hard Promises" tour.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks wrote and recorded demos for a solo project during "Tusk" sessions in 1979 and the "Tusk" world tour of 1979–80. Nicks, Danny Goldberg, and Paul Fishkin founded Modern Records to record and release Nicks' material.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks' first solo album, "Bella Donna", was released on July 27, 1981, to critical and commercial acclaim, reaching number one on the "Billboard" 200 chart, with four singles making the "Billboard" Hot 100, and "Rolling Stone" deeming her "the Reigning Queen of Rock and Roll".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The day that "Bella Donna" reached number one on the "Billboard" 200, Nicks was told that her friend Robin Anderson had leukemia. Anderson was pregnant at the time and given only three months to live. She gave birth to a son, appointing Nicks as the child's godmother. "I never got to enjoy "Bella Donna" at all because my friend was dying. Something went out that day; something left." Following Robin's death in 1982, Nicks married Robin's widower, Kim Anderson, believing that Robin would want her to care for the baby. "We were all in such insane grief, just completely deranged," she told the "Telegraph" in 2007. They divorced three months later.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: "Bella Donna" introduced Nicks' permanent back-up singers, Sharon Celani and Lori Perry (now Nicks after marrying Stevie Nicks' brother Christopher), who have contributed vocals to all of Nicks' solo albums since then. In November 1981, Nicks embarked on her "White Winged Dove" tour, which she had to cut short to record "Mirage".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks released her second solo album, "The Wild Heart", on June 10, 1983. The album went double platinum, reached number five on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart, and featured three hit singles. It also introduced songwriter and performer Sandy Stewart as co-writer and vocalist.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks performed at the second US Festival at Glen Helen Regional Park in San Bernardino, California, and later toured the U.S. from June 1983 to November 1983. Nicks appeared on "Saturday Night Live" in December 1983, performing "Stand Back" and "Nightbird".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Following the tour for "The Wild Heart", Nicks commenced work on her third solo album. Originally titled "Mirror Mirror", Nicks recorded songs for the album during 1984. However, Nicks was unhappy with the album, and opted to record a new batch of songs in 1985. "Rock a Little", as it was retitled, was released November 18, 1985, to commercial success, supported by three successful singles. Nicks toured for "Rock a Little" until October 1986, and performed with Bob Dylan and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers during their tour in Australia.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The tour marked a turning point in Nicks' life. The January before the tour was to begin, a plastic surgeon warned her of severe health problems if she did not stop using cocaine. "I said, 'What do you think about my nose?'", she recalled on "The Chris Isaak Hour" in 2009. "And he said, 'Well, I think the next time you do a hit of cocaine, you could drop dead.'" At the end of the Australian tour, Nicks checked herself into the Betty Ford Center for 30 days to overcome her cocaine addiction. Recalling the strong influence of Janis Joplin and Jimi Hendrix on her music and life, she told a UK interviewer, "I saw how they went down, and a part of me wanted to go down with them ... but then another part of me thought, I would be very sad if some 25-year-old lady rock and roll singer ten years from now said, 'I wish Stevie Nicks would have thought about it a little more.' That's kind of what stopped me and made me really look at the world through clear eyes."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Later that year, on the advice of friends concerned that she might relapse, she visited a psychiatrist who prescribed the sedative Klonopin to help her remain free from cocaine.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In late 1985, Fleetwood Mac began work on "Tango in the Night", but due to her promotional schedule for the "Rock a Little" album and subsequent tour, Nicks was mostly unavailable to work on the album with the band except for a few weeks following her stay at the Betty Ford Center in 1986 (which was the inspiration for the song "Welcome to the Room...Sara"). She sent the band demos of her songs to work on in her absence. The album was released in April 1987 and became the band's second-highest selling album ever, behind "Rumours".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Creative differences and unresolved personal issues within the band led Buckingham to quit the group right before their world tour. According to bassist John McVie, a "physically ugly" confrontation between Nicks and Buckingham ensued when Nicks angrily challenged Buckingham's decision to leave the band.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The band embarked on the "Shake the Cage" tour in September 1987, with Buckingham replaced by Rick Vito and Billy Burnette. The tour was suspended during Nicks' bout with chronic fatigue syndrome and developing an addiction to Klonopin, though it resumed in 1988. "Tango in the Night" met with commercial success and was followed in 1988 by Fleetwood Mac's "Greatest Hits" album in November 1988.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Also in 1988, Nicks began work on a fourth solo album with English record producer Rupert Hine. "The Other Side of the Mirror" was released on May 11, 1989, to commercial success. Nicks became romantically involved with Hine.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks toured the U.S. and Europe from August to November 1989, the only time she has toured Europe as a solo act. She later said she had "no memory of this tour" because of her increasing dependency on Klonopin, prescribed in ever increasing amounts by a psychiatrist between 1987 and 1994, in an attempt to keep Nicks from regressing to her former abuse of cocaine.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 1989, Nicks set to work with Fleetwood Mac on "Behind the Mask", released in 1990 to moderate commercial success in the U.S. In the UK, however, the album entered the chart at number one and was certified platinum. The band went on a world tour to promote the album, on the last night of which Buckingham and Nicks reunited on stage to perform "Landslide". After the tour concluded, Nicks left the group over a dispute with Mick Fleetwood, who would not allow her to release the 1977 track "Silver Springs" on her album "", because of his plans to save it for release on a forthcoming Fleetwood Mac box set. Fleetwood knew that the song would be valuable as a selling point for the box set, since over the years, it had gained interest among the band's fans.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On the 10th anniversary of her solo career debut, Nicks released "Timespace: The Best of Stevie Nicks" on September 3, 1991. The following year, Fleetwood Mac also released a four-disc box set, "25 Years – The Chain", which included "Silver Springs".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: During the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign, Bill Clinton used the Fleetwood Mac hit "Don't Stop" as his campaign theme song, and Nicks rejoined the classic "Rumours" line-up of the band (including Buckingham) to perform the song at Clinton's 1993 inaugural gala. No plans for an official reunion were made at that time. Nicks was criticized for her weight gain. Nicks, who is , had gained weight, peaking at 175 lbs (79.4 kg). "Klonopin was worse than the cocaine," she has said. "I lost those 8 years of my life. I didn't write, and I had gained so much weight."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In late 1993, while Nicks held a baby shower at her house, she tripped over a box, passed out, and cut her forehead near a fireplace. "I'm one of those people who doesn't injure themselves. I was horrified to see that blood. I hadn't had enough wine. I knew it was the Klonopin," she said. Realizing that she needed help, Nicks endured a painful 47-day detox in a hospital.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Following her successful detox, Nicks released her fifth solo album, "Street Angel", recorded during 1992 and 1993 using material written mostly in previous years. Released on May 23, 1994, "Street Angel" was poorly received, reaching number 45 on the "Billboard" Top 200. Nicks has since expressed major disappointment with the album, claiming that a lot of its production work took place during her second stint in rehab, meaning she had little or no say over the final product. Despite a three-month tour in support of the album, Nicks was crushed by the focus on her weight and the poor reception of the album. Disgusted by the criticism she received during the tour for being overweight, she vowed to never set foot on a stage again unless she slimmed down.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 1996, Nicks reunited with Lindsey Buckingham and contributed the duet "Twisted" to the "Twister" movie soundtrack, while in 1996, the Sheryl Crow-penned "Somebody Stand by Me" featured on the "Boys on the Side" soundtrack, and Nicks also remade Tom Petty's "Free Fallin'" for Fox's TV hit "Party of Five".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 1996, Lindsey Buckingham, working on a planned solo album, enlisted the help of Mick Fleetwood and John McVie, which eventually led to a reunion of the entire band. A newly invigorated and slimmed-down Nicks joined Fleetwood Mac for "The Dance", a highly successful 1997 tour that coincided with the 20th anniversary of the release of "Rumours". Prior to the tour, Nicks started work with a voice coach, to lend her voice more control and protect it from the stress of lengthy touring schedules. She also went on a diet and started jogging to lose weight.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The band's live CD "The Dance" was released to commercial and critical acclaim. "The Dance" earned the group several Grammy nominations, including a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for their live performance of "Silver Springs". In 1998, Nicks joined the group for its induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. That same year, Fleetwood Mac was awarded the Outstanding Contribution at the BRIT Awards.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks put work on a new solo album on hold when she was approached by Warner Music to release a solo career-spanning box set, to finish her contract with Atlantic Records in the U.S. After the culmination of the Fleetwood Mac reunion tour, Nicks settled down in Los Angeles and Phoenix with close friends and colleagues to devise a track list for this three-disc collection.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The box set "Enchanted" was released to acclaim on April 28, 1998, with liner notes from Nicks, as well as exclusive rare photographs, and pages from her journals. Nicks supported the box set with a successful U.S. tour. In 1998, Nicks contributed to the "Practical Magic" soundtrack and performed in Don Henley's benefit concert for the Walden Woods Project.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks had begun writing actively for "Trouble in Shangri-La" in 1994 and 1995 as she came out of her Klonopin dependency. According to her, friend and former musical partner Tom Petty was responsible for convincing her to write music again when he rebuffed her request that he write a song with her. She resumed recording songs for the "Trouble in Shangri-La" album with Sheryl Crow, who produced and performed on several tracks. When a scheduling conflict forced Crow to drop out of the project, Nicks first approached R&B producer Dallas Austin, but these sessions have never surfaced. Nicks finally called on John Shanks to produce the remainder of the album, with additional contributions from David Kahne, Rick Nowels, Pierre Marchand, and Jeff Trott. Artists Natalie Maines, Sarah McLachlan, and Macy Gray contributed to some of the tracks.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Released May 1, 2001, "Trouble in Shangri-La" restored Nicks' solo career to critical and commercial success. "Planets of the Universe" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance, and Nicks was named VH1's "Artist of the Month" for May 2001. Nicks was named one of "People" magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People, was featured in a well-received "Behind the Music" episode, and performed an episode of the VH1 Storytellers Concert Program. Nicks made several television appearances in support of the album and performed at the 2001 Radio Music Awards.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks supported the album with a successful tour, although some shows were canceled or postponed because of her bout with acute bronchitis. Shows were also canceled because of the September 11 attacks in the U.S.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 2001, Fleetwood Mac began work on a new studio album, though this time without Christine McVie, leaving Nicks as the sole woman in the band for the first time. After the end of her solo tour, Nicks convened with the other members of the band for recording during 2002.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: "Say You Will" was released in April 2003 and met with commercial success but mixed reviews. Nicks joined the group to support the album with a world tour lasting until September 2004.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: She has subsequently stated in several interviews that she was not happy with the album or the successful world tour that followed, citing production disputes with Buckingham as a core factor, as well as the absence of fellow female band member Christine McVie. A documentary of the making of the album, "Destiny Rules", was released on DVD in 2004 and chronicles the sometimes-turbulent relationships between band members, especially Buckingham and Nicks, during that time in the studio.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: After a few months' respite from the "Say You Will" tour, Nicks did a four-night stint in May 2005 at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, and then did 10 shows with Don Henley dubbed the "Two Voices" tour. During the summer of 2005, Nicks continued doing solo shows ("Gold Dust" tour) with pop singer Vanessa Carlton as the opening act, playing over 20 dates nationwide.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On March 27, 2007, Reprise Records released "Crystal Visions – The Very Best of Stevie Nicks" in the U.S. The album debuted at number 21 on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The compilation includes her hit singles, a dance remix, and one new track, a live version of Led Zeppelin's "Rock and Roll". Two versions of this album were made, one with just the audio CD and a deluxe version which includes a DVD featuring all of Nicks' music videos with audio commentary from Nicks herself, as well as rare footage from the "Bella Donna" recording sessions.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Reprise Records initially released two radio-only promos, the live version of "Landslide" with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra and "Rock and Roll". Both tracks failed to garner much airplay and made no impact on the charts. Reprise Records released "Stand Back" (issued with club mixes) on May 29, 2007. "Stand Back", which peaked at number five on the pop singles chart in 1983, reached number two on the "Billboard" Club chart. Nicks previously reached number one on this chart, with "Planets of the Universe" (from "Trouble in Shangri-La") in 2001. The remix single of "Stand Back" debuted on the "Billboard" Hot Singles Sales chart on September 15, 2007, at number 10, peaking at number four the following week. It also debuted on the "Billboard" Hot Dance Singles Sales chart at number three, later peaking at number one .


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On March 31, 2009, Nicks released the album, "The Soundstage Sessions", via Reprise Records. The album debuted at number 47 on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart. The first single from the album, "Crash into Me", was released as a digital download, along with "Landslide" (orchestra version) as a B-side, on March 17, 2009.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In late 2008, Fleetwood Mac announced that the band would tour in 2009, beginning in March. As per the 2003–2004 tour, Christine McVie would not be featured in the line-up. The tour was branded as a 'greatest hits' show titled "Unleashed", although they played album tracks such as "Storms" and "I Know I'm Not Wrong".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: After completing the "Unleashed" tour with Fleetwood Mac, Nicks began work on her first solo album in a decade with David A. Stewart, a musician and record producer best known for being one half of the duo Eurythmics.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks performed in a series of shows in August 2010 ("it's not really a tour", she said). They did not contain any of her new music, because she did not want it to end up on YouTube. The Santa Barbara show benefited a young girl she had met through the Make-a-Wish Foundation in Los Angeles with rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare cancer.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On January 13, 2011, Reprise announced Nicks' upcoming album "In Your Dreams" would be released on May 3, and the lead single, "Secret Love", would be released on February 8. Reprise provided a free download of the single to fans who ordered the album via certain websites. Nicks originally wrote "Secret Love" in 1976 and recorded a demo of it for Fleetwood Mac's 1977 album, "Rumours". It did not make the final cut for the album. The demo version had been circulating among fans for many years prior to its inclusion on "In Your Dreams". Nicks promoted the song with a video directed by Dave Stewart. Nicks' goddaughter Kelly appears in the video wearing a vintage dress that Nicks wore on stage in 1976. According to Nicks, Kelly portrays the young Nicks blending with the soul of Nicks' 62-year-old self. On the U.S. "Billboard" charts, "Secret Love" was a modest hit on the Adult Contemporary Singles chart, peaking at number 20, and at number 25 on the Triple-A Singles chart. Another song on the album, "For What It's Worth", features Nicks' niece in the video. The song reached number 25 on the "Billboard" Adult Contemporary chart in September 2011. A documentary film was made for the album, directed by Stewart. The documentary was critically acclaimed, and Nicks appeared at many film festivals to support the documentary.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks promoted the album with appearances on various television shows, including "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno", "The X Factor", "The Talk", "Good Morning America", "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", "The Oprah Winfrey Show". and "Dancing with the Stars".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: "In Your Dreams" was well received by music critics. "Rolling Stone" commented "It's not just her first album in 10 years, it's her finest collection of songs since the Eighties". The album debuted at number six on the "Billboard" 200, giving Nicks her fifth top-10 album on that chart, with 52,000 copies sold in the first week. Elsewhere, the album has made numerous top-50 debuts, including number 24 on the Australian ARIA chart, number 22 in Canada, and number 14 in the UK.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The same day that Nicks' new album was released, Fox Network broadcast the "Glee" episode (Season 2, Episode 19) "Rumours" that featured six songs from Fleetwood Mac's 1977 album, including Nicks' song "Dreams" (the band's only number-one song on the U.S. charts). The show sparked renewed interest in the band and its most commercially successful album, and "Rumours" re-entered the "Billboard" 200 chart at number 11, the same week that "In Your Dreams" debuted at number six. Nicks was quoted by "Billboard" saying that her new album was "my own little "Rumours"".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks contributed a cover of Buddy Holly's "Not Fade Away" for the tribute album "", released in September 2011.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On March 29, 2012, Nicks made a guest appearance as herself on the NBC sitcom "Up All Night". The show featured an excerpt of the 1981 track "Sleeping Angel", as well as new duets with both Maya Rudolph and Christina Applegate of "Whenever I Call You Friend" and "Edge of Seventeen". Rudolph and Applegate have said they are fans of the singer.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On December 14, 2012, it was announced that Nicks would be featured on an original track done in collaboration with Dave Grohl for his Sound City soundtrack, alongside other artists.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 2013, Fleetwood Mac toured again as a four-piece band throughout North America and Europe. On April 30, the band released their first new studio material since 2003's "Say You Will" via digital download on iTunes with the four-track EP, "Extended Play" containing three new songs and one new song from the Buckingham Nicks sessions ("Without You").


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On December 3, 2013, Nicks released the "In your Dreams" documentary film on DVD. The DVD debuted at number seven on the "Billboard" Top Music Video sales chart and number 29 on the UK Music Video Top 40 chart.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 2014, Nicks appeared on the third season of television series "American Horror Story", "", in a role she reprised in the eighth season, "". She played a fictional version of herself, portraying a "white witch" with supernatural powers in three episodes. On the show, she performed the songs "Rhiannon", "Has Anyone Ever Written Anything For You?", "Seven Wonders", and "Gypsy".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: "I said 'That's perfect,'" she told "Us" magazine in response to the show's music request. "Because that's exactly how I like to affect people. I want people to put my songs on because they are unhappy and need a boost to dance around their apartment a little and feel good. That's why I write. 'Of course, you can use my music. Take it!'" In May 2014, Nicks was honored with a BMI Icon Award. In July 2014, it was announced that Nicks would join "The Voice" as the adviser for Adam Levine's team.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In September 2014, Nicks released her eighth studio album, "", which reached number seven on the "Billboard" 200. She also began a North American tour with Fleetwood Mac, now reunited with Christine McVie, the On with the Show tour. The tour began in September 2014 and concluded in November 2015.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In May 2015, Nicks reissued "Crystal Visions – The Very Best of Stevie Nicks" on "crystal clear" transparent double vinyl. The vinyl came with a vinyl messenger bag and a limited-edition lithograph.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On April 26, 2017, "Pitchfork" revealed that Nicks would be featured on a track from American singer Lana Del Rey's fifth studio album, "Lust for Life", which was released on July 21, 2017. The song is titled "Beautiful People Beautiful Problems".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On July 9, 2017, Nicks performed at the British Summer Time festival in Hyde Park in London, supporting Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. She later performed "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around" with Petty as part of the Heartbreakers' set, in what would turn out to be their final performance of the song together before Tom Petty's death in October 2017.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In April 2018, Lindsey Buckingham was fired from Fleetwood Mac, following disagreements with Nicks and Mick Fleetwood. Nicks helped recruit his replacements, Mike Campbell of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and Neil Finn of Crowded House. This reworked lineup embarked on a world tour entitled An Evening with Fleetwood Mac in 2018–2019.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In April 2019, Nicks was elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. She became the first woman to be inducted twice, once as a member of Fleetwood Mac and as a solo artist.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In September 2020, Nicks released a live album and concert film, with recordings from the 24 Karat Gold Tour (2016–2017), directed by Joe Thomas. On October 9, 2020, Nicks released her first new music in six years. The official video accompanying the track "Show Them the Way" was directed by Cameron Crowe.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In December 2020, music publishing company Primary Wave bought an 80% stake of Nicks song catalog. "The Wall Street Journal" valued the deal at US$100 million.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On May 27, 2021, Stevie Nicks was one of the headliners of the 2021 Shaky Knees Music Festival in Atlanta, Georgia. In August 2021 Nicks cancelled her five planned 2021 solo appearances due to concern about catching COVID-19.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On August 31, 2022, the virtual band Gorillaz announced the tracklist of their upcoming album "Cracker Island". Stevie Nicks was listed among their collaborators, featuring on the album's second track "Oil."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In September 2022, Nicks released a cover of "For What It's Worth", a protest song written in 1966 by Stephen Stills and recorded by Buffalo Springfield. She said on social media that the song was still relevant and had a lot to say, and that she had always wanted to interpret it through the eyes of a woman.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Standing at , Nicks has stated she felt "a little ridiculous" standing next to Mick Fleetwood, who is . For this reason, she developed a penchant for platform boots. "Even when platforms went completely out of style, I kept wearing them because I didn't want to go back to being in heels", she told "Allure" in 1995. Over the years, Nicks has developed a style which she calls her "uniform". Her "uniform" is known as a witchy kind of look that goes with her songs and performances.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks has said that her vocal style and performance antics evolved from female singers like Grace Slick and Janis Joplin. She admitted inspiration when she saw Joplin perform live (and opened for her with her first band Fritz) shortly before Joplin's death. Nicks owns a strand of Joplin's stage beads. She also commented that she once saw a woman in her audience dressed in dripping chiffon with a Gibson Girl hairstyle and big boots, and Nicks knew she wanted something similar. She took the look and made it her own. Nicks possesses the vocal range of a contralto and her voice has been described as a "gruff, feathery alto." Over the years, she has decorated her microphone stand with roses, ribbons, chiffon, crystal beads, scarves, and small stuffed toys.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks has started a charity foundation titled "Stevie Nicks' Band of Soldiers" which is used for the benefit of wounded military personnel.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In late 2004, Nicks began visiting Army and Navy medical centers in Washington, D.C. While visiting wounded service men and women, she became determined to find an object she could leave with the soldiers that would raise their spirits, motivate, and give them something to look forward to each day. She eventually decided to purchase hundreds of iPod Nanos, load them with music, artists, and playlists which she would hand select, and autograph them:


title: Stevie Nicks

text: She now regularly delivers these tokens of her appreciation, bringing her closest friends, such as Mick Fleetwood, along to share the experience:


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks' style has remained the same throughout her years in the spotlight and even "at 60 she is still working the gossamer tunics and shawls that have influenced two generations of Stevie acolytes, and given her performances the feel of a Wiccan ritual" writes "New York Times" reporter Ruth La Ferla.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks has been known for her multiple wardrobe changes during live performances, almost having a new outfit for each song she sang. Nicks prefers to wear black onstage. She began to wear it primarily because it was "easy and slimming."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In the late 70's, Nicks began receiving threatening mail accusing her of witchcraft. Nicks told the "Los Angeles Times" in 2013, "In the beginning of my career, the whole idea that some wacky, creepy people were writing, 'You're a witch, you're a witch!' was so arresting. And there I am like, 'No, I'm not! I just wear black because it makes me look thinner, you idiots.'" The witch rumors frightened Nicks so much that she gave up black for a period of time (approximately 1978 to 1982), instead opting to wear colors such as apricot and sea foam green. Nicks later stated that she felt ugly in the new colors, ultimately gave up, and went back to black in 1983. That same year, when asked what she thought about those who still believed the rumor, Nicks said, "I don't like it all and I wish people would stop thinking about that, because I spent thousands of dollars on beautiful black clothes and had to stop wearing them for a long time, because a lot of people scared me."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The cost to keep up her overall style, of hair, makeup, and wardrobe, was not cheap. Nicks filed tax-deductible expenses in 1991 costing "$12,495 for makeup and hairstyling [and] $43,291 for professional clothing and maintenance".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks sings about the store where her iconic style all started in the song "Gypsy" on Fleetwood Mac's 13th studio album "Mirage", released in 1982. In the song, Nicks sings of a store called the Velvet Underground, a boutique in San Francisco, California, where famous rockers like Janis Joplin and Grace Slick were known to shop. It was at the Velvet Underground where Nicks' unique and easily recognizable style began.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Many artists have cited Nicks as a source of influence and musical inspiration. These include Beyoncé and Destiny's Child, Courtney Love, Michelle Branch, Belinda Carlisle, The Chicks (formerly known as Dixie Chicks), Mary J. Blige, Sheryl Crow, Nadia Ali, Florence Welch, Taylor Swift, Vanessa Carlton, Delta Goodrem, and Lorde. Australian singer Darren Hayes cited Nicks as one his favorite musicians during his teenage years, while Eminem's mother Debbie Nelson mentioned in her book "My Son Marshall, My Son Eminem" that her son loved the song "Rhiannon".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: The Dixie Chicks covered "Landslide", which became a top-10 hit (number one on the Adult Contemporary chart) and a number one hit on the Country chart. This cover also earned her a BMI Songwriters Award in 2003 when it won Song of the Year (the award is given to the songwriter of the track, regardless of the performer). According to BMI, "Landslide" also earned Nicks the 35th Robert J. Burton Award as "Most Performed Country Song of the Year". This distinction is given to the song tallying the most feature U.S. broadcast performances during the eligibility period. Included on the Dixie Chicks' platinum Monument album "Home", "Landslide" was a Country, Adult Top 40, Hot 100 and AC "Billboard" charts smash. Alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins made an acoustic cover of the song that was featured on their 1994 B-side collection "Pisces Iscariot".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Other successful covers have included the Corrs' "Dreams" and Courtney Love's band Hole with "Gold Dust Woman". "Edge of Seventeen" was sampled on Destiny's Child's 2001 number one single "Bootylicious". Nicks appeared in the video for "Bootylicious" and in an episode of MTV's "Making The Video" that featured it, in which she expressed her admiration for both the song and the group. Also, American actress and singer Lindsay Lohan covered "Edge of Seventeen" on her second studio album "A Little More Personal (Raw)" (2005). Deep Dish fulfilled their "Dreams" of working with Nicks in 2005 when Nicks offered to re-record vocals on a remix of her number-one penned song, "Dreams". The Deep Dish version went on to reach number two on the "Billboard" Hot Dance Airplay chart, as well as providing Nicks with her third UK top-40 hit. Nicks provided additional vocals on Vanessa Carlton's 2007 album, "Heroes and Thieves".


title: Stevie Nicks

text: On January 31, 2010, Nicks performed with Taylor Swift at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards. Swift, who describes Nicks as one of her childhood heroes, introduced her to the audience by saying, "It's a fairy tale and an honor to share the stage with Stevie Nicks."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In October 2018, Nicks was one of fifteen artists to be nominated for induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. On December 13, 2018, she was announced as one of seven inductees to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame class of 2019, making her the first woman to be inducted twice to the hall.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks was romantically linked to Lindsey Buckingham from 1966 to 1976, briefly to Mick Fleetwood in 1977, to Eagles drummer/vocalist Don Henley during the late 1970s, and briefly to Eagles songwriter J.D. Souther. In 1979, Nicks had an abortion after becoming pregnant by Henley.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks' only marriage was to Kim Anderson, the widower of her best friend Robin Anderson. They married in 1983 soon after Robin Anderson died of leukemia and while the "Bella Donna" album was on the top of the charts. "I was determined to take care of [Robin's] baby, so I said to Kim, 'I don't know, I guess we should just get married." Nicks and Anderson divorced after only three months: "And so we got married three months after she died, and it was a terrible, terrible mistake. We didn't get married because we were in love, we got married because we were grieving and it was the only way that we could feel like we were doing anything." Years after the divorce, she reunited with her stepson when he was a teenager, putting him through college, and she has maintained contact with him ever since.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: She connected with Jimmy Iovine, who produced "Bella Donna," during 1980–81, and with Eagles and James Gang guitarist Joe Walsh during 1983–1986, to whom she referred in 2007 as one of her greatest loves, but the couple could not sustain the relationship because of mutual drug abuse. Nicks toured with Walsh in 1984, and wrote "Has Anyone Ever Written Anything for You?" about Walsh's deceased daughter.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In early 2007, reports surfaced concerning Lindsay Lohan's interest in buying the rights to Nicks' life story and developing a motion picture in which she planned to play her. In March 2007, while promoting her album "Crystal Visions", Nicks was asked about this rumor. She told "Access Hollywood", "That is completely insane and crazy. There is no movie in the works on my life. Nobody can do a movie about my life without me being involved, because nobody knows what really happened in my life until I tell them. So, nobody can make a movie about my life. And if anybody ever went and made a movie about my life without my permission and my being involved, I would slam it so hard to the press that it would never do anything." In 2009, she told "The New York Times" about Lohan, "Over my dead body. She needs to stop doing drugs and get a grip. Then maybe we'll talk."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Until July 2007, Nicks lived in Paradise Valley, Arizona, a suburb of Phoenix, in a home she had built in 1981 and shared with her brother, Christopher Nicks, his wife, Lori Perry-Nicks, and their daughter, Jessica, her niece. She announced in mid-2007 that her Paradise Valley home would be put up for sale, citing her aspirations to "downsize" and focus more on her charity work, and that in the previous year she had only "spent about two weeks there". The house was put on the market for a reported $3.8 million and later sold for $3 million.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks became an ordained minister with the Universal Life Church and officiated at the wedding of Deer Tick singer John McCauley and singer-songwriter Vanessa Carlton on December 27, 2013.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Writing in her journal in 2020, Nicks blasted the US response to COVID-19, comparing it to "American Horror Story". "Everyone gathering at the beaches, in the bars, block parties, et cetera—'let's get drunk and make out and, by the way, can I have the other half of your drink?'—we are heading for a crash; people are dying because people aren't wearing their masks. ... Nobody is leading us. Nobody has a plan."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks has said that she consciously chose not to have children of her own, due to her demanding career and desire to follow her art wherever it should take her: "My mission maybe wasn't to be a mom and a wife; maybe my particular mission was to write songs to make moms and wives feel better."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Of her niece, godchildren, and extended family she says: "I have lots of kids. It's much more fun to be the crazy auntie than it is to be the mom, anyway."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks has maintained a journal nearly every day since her tenure in Fleetwood Mac began. She has said, “I like to tell all my fairy goddaughters and my niece that when I'm gone they can sit on the floor and go through all these journals, and they can walk through my life, and they can smell the gardenia perfume on the pages. They can have it in their hands, who I was." Regarding a book based on her life, she has said, "I wouldn't write a book unless I could really tell the truth, and say all the people are in it are represented right...If I'm gonna talk about all the people in my life, I need to be old enough and so do they, that nobody's gonna care ... I would never write a book about the bad parts. I would mostly revel in the fantastic parts, of which there were so many."


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In October 2005, Nicks attended the Melbourne Cup Week in Australia, and one of the horse-racing stakes was named after her: The Stevie Nicks Plate. She used this opportunity to launch her promotion of an Australian/New Zealand extension to her "Gold Dust" tour in February and March 2006. Nicks toured in Australia and New Zealand with popular Australian performer John Farnham. She also appeared in concert with Tom Petty in June near Manassas, Virginia, and at the Bonnaroo Music Festival that same month.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 2006, Nicks performed with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers for the first leg of their tour in the summer, and later in the year returned as a guest performer for a number of songs on the tour celebrating Petty's 30th anniversary since his debut album. Tom Petty's Homecoming Concert in Gainesville, FL, which contained performances with Stevie Nicks, was filmed for PBS "Soundstage" as well as DVD release for March 2007. Nicks was also the featured performer for Bette Midler's benefit function, Hulaween, in October 2006.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Beginning in May 2007, Nicks began touring with pop/rock artist Chris Isaak. The last Stevie Nicks/Chris Isaak show was June 17, 2007, at the Tweeter Center in Boston. Nicks continued the tour solo, with Vanessa Carlton opening on some dates. The tour finished at The Borgata in Atlantic City, New Jersey on August 24, 2007.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 2008, Nicks embarked on the "Soundstage Sessions" tour in the U.S. A video recording of one concert date was released in 2009: "Live in Chicago". Vanessa Carlton performed as a guest artist.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: In 2009, Fleetwood Mac embarked on a global hits tour. The "Unleashed" tour took place in arenas on multiple continents. The tour ended in December with two sell-out shows of 35,000 people at the New Plymouth TSB Bowl of Brooklands in New Zealand.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Rod Stewart and Nicks co-headlined "The Heart and Soul" tour. Launched March 20, 2011, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, the tour united the two singers for a series of arena concerts throughout North America – with performances in New York, Toronto, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit, Tampa, Montreal, and more.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: A solo tour for "In Your Dreams" began on August 9, 2011, in Denver, Colorado. Nicks announced on her July 27 appearance on "America's Got Talent" that Michael Grimm would be going on tour with her. She then continued on an Australian and New Zealand leg of the tour accompanied by Dave Stewart until December 2011.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks joined Rod Stewart in the summer of 2012 for another leg of the "Heart and Soul" tour, and resumed the "In Your Dreams" tour in June 2012. In 2023, she and Billy Joel will perform a series of concerts across the United States, tentatively beginning with SoFi Stadium outside Los Angeles on March 10.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks has been nominated for eight Grammy Awards as a solo artist, holding the record for most nominations for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance without a win.


title: Stevie Nicks

text: Nicks has been nominated for six Grammy Awards as a member of Fleetwood Mac, winning the 1978 Grammy Award for Album of the Year for "Rumours", and received the 2003 Grammy Hall of Fame Award.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: The Wheel of Time is a series of high fantasy novels by American author Robert Jordan, with Brandon Sanderson as a co-author for the final three novels. Originally planned as a six-book series, "The Wheel of Time" spans 14 volumes, in addition to a prequel novel and two companion books. Jordan died in 2007 while working on what was planned to be the final volume in the series. He prepared extensive notes so another author could complete the book according to his wishes. Fellow fantasy author Brandon Sanderson was brought in to complete the final book. During the writing process, however, it was decided that the book would be far too large to be published in one volume; instead, it would be published as three volumes: "The Gathering Storm" (2009), "Towers of Midnight" (2010), and "A Memory of Light" (2013).


title: The Wheel of Time

text: The series draws on numerous elements of both European and Asian mythology, most notably the cyclical nature of time found in Buddhism and Hinduism, the metaphysical concepts of balance and duality, and a respect for nature found in Taoism, the Abrahamic concepts of God or Satan and Leo Tolstoy's "War and Peace" (1869).


title: The Wheel of Time

text: "The Wheel of Time" is notable for its length, detailed imaginary world and magic system, and large cast of characters. The eighth through fourteenth books each reached number one on the "New York Times" Best Seller list. After its completion, the series was nominated for a Hugo Award. , the series has sold over 90 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling epic fantasy series since "The Lord of the Rings". Its popularity has spawned a collectible card game, a video game, a roleplaying game, and soundtrack album. A TV series adaptation produced by Sony Pictures and Amazon Studios premiered in 2021.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: The series is set in an unnamed world that, due to the cyclical nature of time as depicted in the series, is simultaneously the distant past and the distant future Earth. "The Randlands" or "the World of the Wheel" are names adopted by fans to refer to the world where "The Wheel of Time" takes place, and are derived from the name of the central character, as well as section of the companion book "The World of Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time".


title: The Wheel of Time

text: At the dawn of time, a deity known as the Creator forged the universe and the Wheel of Time, which spins the Pattern of the Ages using the lives of men and women as its threads. The Wheel has seven spokes, each representing an age, and it is rotated by the One Power, which flows from the True Source. The One Power is divided into male and female halves, "saidin" and "saidar", which work in opposition and in unison to drive the Wheel. Humans who can use its power are known as channelers; the principal organization of such channelers in the books is called the Aes Sedai or "Servants of All" in the Old Tongue.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: The Creator imprisoned its antithesis, "Shai'tan," the Dark One, at the moment of creation, sealing him away from the Wheel. However, in a time called the Age of Legends, an Aes Sedai experiment inadvertently breached the Dark One's prison, allowing his influence to seep back into the world. He rallied the powerful, the corrupt, and the ambitious to his cause and these servants began an effort to free the Dark One fully from his prison, so he might remake time and reality in his own image. In response to this threat, the Wheel spun out the Dragon, a channeler of immense power, to be a champion for the Light. In the Age of Legends, the Dragon was a man named Lews Therin Telamon, who eventually rose to command the Aes Sedai and their allies in the struggle against the Dark One's forces. After a grueling 10-year war, Lews Therin led his forces to victory in a daring assault on the volcano of Shayol Ghul (the site of the earthly link to the Dark One's prison) and was able to seal off the Dark One's prison. However, at the moment of victory, the Dark One was able to taint "saidin", driving male channelers of the One Power insane. Lews Therin killed his friends and family and then, by intentionally overloading himself with the One Power, killed himself. The other male channelers devastated the world with the One Power, unleashing earthquakes and tidal waves that reshaped the world. Eventually, the last male channeler was killed or cut off from the One Power, leaving the human race all but destroyed and only women able to wield the One Power safely. The Aes Sedai reconstituted and guided humanity out of this dark time. Mankind now lived under the shadow of a prophecy that the Dark One would break free from his prison and the Dragon would be reborn to fight him once more, and although he is humanity's only hope to succeed against the Dark One, he would devastate the world a second time in the process.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Over the next three and a half thousand years, the human race returns to a level of technology roughly comparable to that of the Late Middle Ages or Early Modern Era, with differences like a higher level of general education and understanding of hygiene and anatomy, but an almost complete lack of formal science, industrial production, and academic institutions. This can be traced to the post-apocalyptic nature of the world, where much knowledge has survived, but the structures and institutions that made that knowledge possible have not. One major difference is that women enjoy full equality with men in most societies, and are superior in some. This is put down to the power and influence of the female-only Aes Sedai spilling over into everyday life.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Several major wars have ravaged the main continent since the defeat of the Dark One, such as the Trolloc Wars when the surviving servants of the Dark One tried to destroy civilization once more but were defeated by an alliance of nations led by the Aes Sedai; and the War of the Hundred Years, a devastating civil war that followed the fall of a continent-spanning empire ruled by the high king, Artur Hawkwing. These wars have prevented the human race from regaining the power and high technology of the Age of Legends and also left humanity divided. Even the prestige of the Aes Sedai has fallen, with their shrinking numbers and the emergence of organizations such as the Children of the Light, a military order who hold that all who dabble with the One Power are servants of the Shadow. The nations of the modern era are able to unite against the warrior-clans of the Aiel, who cross into the western kingdoms on a mission of vengeance after they suffer a grievous insult, but are too divided to work effectively together in other areas.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: The prequel novel, "New Spring", takes place during the Aiel War and chronicles the end of the conflict and the discovery by the Aes Sedai that the Prophecies of the Dragon have been fulfilled and the Dragon has been Reborn. Aes Sedai agents are dispatched to try and find the newborn child before servants of the Shadow can do the same.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: The series proper commences almost 20 years later in the Two Rivers district of the kingdom of Andor, a near-forgotten backwater. A young sheep herder named Rand al’Thor (the series protagonist) and his father Tam al’Thor travel to the nearby town of Emond's Field to deliver cider. Rand, keen to further explore his romance with the mayor's daughter, Egwene al’Vere, becomes caught up with an Aes Sedai called Moiraine Damodred, and her Warder, Lan, after his father sustains a serious wound. Rand and his friends, Matrim "Mat" Cauthon and Perrin Aybara discover from Moiraine that servants of the Dark One are searching for one particular young man living in the area. Unfortunately, Moiraine is unable to determine which of three men it is: Rand himself, Mat, or Perrin, and so takes all three of them out of the Two Rivers district along with his romantic interest Egwene (whom Moiraine has determined can channel the One Power and would teach to be Aes Sedai) and the village "Wisdom" (a local healer) Nynaeve al'Meara after a terrible battle with creatures created by The Dark One. The first novel depicts their flight from various agents of the Shadow and their attempts to escape to the Aes Sedai city of Tar Valon.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: From then, the story expands and protagonist Rand, as well as the other characters, are frequently split into different groups, pursuing different missions or agendas aimed at furthering the cause of the Dragon Reborn, sometimes thousands of miles apart. Broadly speaking, the original group of characters from the Two Rivers make new allies, gain experience, and become figures of some influence and authority. As they struggle to unite the western kingdoms against the Dark One's forces, their task is complicated by rulers of the nations who refuse to give up their authority and by factions such as the Children of the Light, who do not believe in the prophecies, and the Seanchan, the people of a long-lost colony of Artur Hawkwing's empire across the western ocean who have returned, believing it is their destiny to conquer the world. The Aes Sedai also become divided between those who believe the Dragon Reborn should be strictly controlled and those who believe he must lead them into battle as he did in the earlier war. As the story expands, new characters representing different factions are introduced; although this expansion of the narrative allows the sheer scale of the growing struggle to be effectively depicted, it has been criticized for slowing the pace of the novels and sometimes reducing the appearances of the original or main cast to extended cameos.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: By the eleventh novel, it has become clear that the Last Battle, caused when the Dark One is able to exert its influence directly on the world once more, is imminent. The Last Battle is depicted in the fourteenth and final novel in the series, "A Memory of Light".


title: The Wheel of Time

text: All paperback (PB) page totals given are for the most widely available mass-market paperback editions. The page count for the hardback (HB) editions does not include a glossary or appendix, page counts.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: In 2002 the first book, "The Eye of the World", was repackaged as two volumes with new illustrations for younger readers: "From the Two Rivers", including an extra chapter ("Ravens") before the existing prologue, and "To the Blight" with an expanded glossary. In 2004 the same was done with "The Great Hunt", with the two parts being "The Hunt Begins" and "New Threads in the Pattern".


title: The Wheel of Time

text: On several occasions, chapters from various books in the series were released several months in advance of publication. These were released in eBook format as promotional tools for the then-upcoming release.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Jordan wrote two short stories within the franchise in the late 1990s. The first, "The Strike at Shayol Ghul", predates the main series by several thousand years. It was made available on the Internet and was later published in "The World of Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time". Jordan also wrote a short story entitled "New Spring", for the 1998 "Legends" anthology edited by Robert Silverberg. Jordan later expanded this into the stand-alone novel "New Spring" that was published in January 2004.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: During Brandon Sanderson's work on "A Memory of Light", two sections of the book were cut and later published as short stories in anthologies. The first, "River of Souls", was published in "Unfettered: Tales by Masters of Fantasy" (2013). The second, "A Fire Within the Ways" was published in "Unfettered III" in 2019. Unlike "River of Souls", "A Fire Within the Ways" is not considered canon.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Tor Books published a companion book to the series, entitled "The World of Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time", in November 1997, which contains much hitherto unrevealed background information about the series including the first maps of the entire world and the Seanchan home continent. Jordan co-authored the book with Teresa Patterson. Jordan ruled the book broadly canonical but stated that it was written from the perspective of an historian within "The Wheel of Time" universe and was prone to errors of bias and guesswork.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: On November 3, 2015, "The Wheel of Time Companion: The People, Places, and History of the Bestselling Series" was released in hardback format, written by Harriet McDougal, Alan Romanczuk, and Maria Simons from Tor Books. Alan Romanczuk and Maria Simons were Robert Jordan's editorial assistants. The book is an encapsulating glossary of the entire series. The authors began compiling material for the volume as early as 2005, and the final book was released after the series' conclusion.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: The novel proved extremely difficult to write because characters and storylines changed considerably during the writing process. The series was originally centered on an older man who discovered relatively late in life that he was the 'chosen one' who had to save the world. However, Jordan deliberately decided to move closer to the tone and style of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Fellowship of the Ring" and made the characters younger and less experienced. Once this decision had been made, writing proceeded much more easily and Jordan completed the second volume, "The Great Hunt", at roughly the same time the first book was published.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Jordan wrote full-time at breakneck speed for the next several years until he completed the seventh volume, "A Crown of Swords", at which point he slowed down, delivering a book every two years. Fans objected when he took some time off to expand a short story into a prequel novel called "New Spring", so he decided to shelve his plans for additional prequels in favor of finishing off the last two volumes in the series. He rejected criticisms of the later volumes of the series slowing down in pace in order to concentrate on minor secondary characters at the expense of the main characters from the opening volumes but acknowledged that his structure for the tenth volume, "Crossroads of Twilight" (where he showed a major scene from the prior book, "Winter's Heart", from the perspective of the main characters that were not involved in the scene), had not worked out as he had planned. "Knife of Dreams", the eleventh volume, had a much more positive reception from critics and fans alike and Jordan announced the twelfth volume, which he had previously announced would have the working title "A Memory of Light", would conclude the series. According to Forbes, Jordan had intended for it to be the final book "even if it reaches 2,000 pages."


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Jordan was diagnosed with the terminal heart disease primary amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy in December 2005, and while he intended to finish at least "A Memory of Light" even if the "worse comes to worst," he made preparations in case he was not able to complete the book: "I'm getting out notes, so if the worst actually happens, someone could finish "A Memory of Light" and have it end the way I want it to end."


title: The Wheel of Time

text: With Jordan's death on September 16, 2007, the conclusion of the series was in question. On December 7, of that year the publisher Tor Books announced that fantasy author Brandon Sanderson was to finish "A Memory of Light". Sanderson, a longtime fan of the series, was chosen by Jordan's widow Harriet McDougal partly because she liked Sanderson's novels and partly because of a eulogy he had written for Jordan.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: On March 30, 2009, Tor Books announced that "A Memory of Light" would be split into three volumes, with Brandon Sanderson citing timing and continuity reasons. By his estimate in early 2009, the book would have taken several years to write and would have reached 800,000 words. McDougal doubted that Jordan could have concluded it in a single volume. The three volumes were published from 2009 to 2013, as "The Gathering Storm", "Towers of Midnight", and "A Memory of Light", with the last book using Jordan's title.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Prior to his death, Jordan had often discussed adding an additional two prequels and an 'outrigger' sequel trilogy. In a Q&A following the release of "A Memory of Light", Sanderson ruled out the completion of these works; Jordan had left very little in the way of notes for these additional novels – only two sentences in the case of the sequel trilogy.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Sanderson went on to release two cut portions of "A Memory of Light" as short stories. These were released in "Unfettered" anthologies, part of a charitable endeavour to support authors and artists with medical debt. "River of Souls", a canonical segment removed from the published book due to pacing, was released in the first volume in 2013. "A Fire in the Ways", a non-canon alternate sequence of events around the climax of the final book, was included in the third volume in 2019. A glossary to the series, "The Wheel of Time Companion" was released in 2015.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: "The Wheel of Time" is a novel from the modern fantasy genre, specifically high fantasy. The book is set in a world that is simultaneously the distant past and distant future of the real world, as a result of time being cyclical rather than linear. The opening of the first book establishes the concept:


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Jordan acknowledged the influence of J. R. R. Tolkien, including deliberately modelling the setting of the first chapters on the Shire in "The Lord of the Rings". Concepts drawn from Abrahamic religions include the duality between good and evil and between "Creator" (Light) and Shai'tan, "The Dark One" (Shaitan is an Arabic word that, in Islamic contexts, is used as a name for the Devil or Satan). Other influences include Arthurian legends, Norse mythology and Irish mythology, as well as real life history.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: In addition, Jordan also drew influences from Eastern mythology, which was rare for a Western fantasy series. The concept of a wheel of time was drawn from Hinduism. Versions of the concept include the "Yuga" cycle in Hinduism and "Kalachakra" in Buddhism. The series was also influenced by the concepts of reincarnation and balance, and the symbol of the Aes Sedai resembles the yin and yang.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Fate is an important theme to the series. The series explores in great detail the implications of a common fantasy premise, in which an ordinary boy on the verge of adulthood discovers he is fated to lead a major struggle. It also deals with the divide between fate and free will. Some major characters are "ta'veren", who have exceptional abilities to influence the course of history in a tumultuous period, but even they can only go so far as permitted by "The Pattern" that is being set by the Wheel of Time.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: The series also featured alternative portrayals of the role of gender in society. The nature of magic in its world means that only women can safely use it. This disparity influences the power dynamics at multiple levels of its societies, including familial, communal and political levels; many of its societies are ruled by women.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: In 2004, Jordan sold the film, television, video game, and comic rights to the series to production company Red Eagle Entertainment. Dabel Brothers began adapting the series in comic book form, starting with the prequel "New Spring" in July 2005. The series initially ran on a monthly schedule, but then went on a three-year hiatus after the fifth issue. Red Eagle cited delays and changes to the creative team on the DB Pro end. The final three issues were ultimately completed and published in 2009–10.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: In 2009 Dabel moved on to their adaptation of the first book of the series proper, "The Eye of the World". On March 17, 2009, they showcased ten pages of art from the prelude to the series "The Wheel of Time: Eye of the World #0 – Dragonmount" on their website. Dynamite Entertainment published 35 issues of "Robert Jordon's The Wheel of Time: The Eye of the World" comic book series, which concluded in March 2013.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: When asked in a 2013 interview about whether the comics would continue their run, Harriet McDougal replied "Well, eventually, [we'll] do the whole thing, unless it stops selling in a dreadful way. In other words, I don't really know." The 43 "New Spring" and "Eye of the World" comics were later collected together and released as a series of six graphic novels, the last of which was released in February 2015.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: There is a Wheel of Time MUD, identified as such or by the initialism "WoTMUD", which is based on a world like that of the Wheel of Time but set in a time frame around 30 world years prior. It has been in operation almost continuously since 1993. Notably, the "WoTMUD" had gained written permission from the author to use his creation including all but major characters.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: A "Wheel of Time" computer game was released in 1999. Over the course of the game, Aes Sedai must track down a robber following an assault on the White Tower, and prevent the Dark One from being released prematurely. She eventually learns of and executes a long-forgotten ritual at Shayol Ghul to ensure the Dark Lord remains sealed within the prison. While Robert Jordan was consulted in the creation of the game, he did not write the storyline himself, and the game is not considered canon.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: "The Wheel of Time Roleplaying Game" was released in 2001 from Wizards of the Coast using the d20 rules developed for the third edition of the Dungeons and Dragons game. The game had a single adventure module published in 2002, "Prophecies of the Dragon". Shortly after the release of the adventure book Wizards of the Coast announced they would not be releasing any further products for the game. Robert Jordan cited some problems with the roleplaying game, such as storyline details in the adventure module that contradicted the books.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: In early 2009 EA Games announced that they had bought the rights for a MMORPG, with the plan to publish it through the EA Partners-Program. The following year Obsidian Entertainment announced that they would be working on the project, for a PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and PC release. However, the project was seemingly dropped around 2014.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: In 1999, "A Soundtrack for the Wheel of Time" was released, featuring music by Robert Berry and inspired by the books.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: The German power metal band Blind Guardian have written two songs dedicated to the "Wheel of Time" series as part of their 2010 album "At the Edge of Time": "Ride into Obsession" and "Wheel of Time". Swedish heavy metal band Katana also wrote a song, entitled "The Wisdom of Emond's Field", on their 2012 album "Storms of War". The American power metal band Noble Beast, on their 2014 album of the same name, wrote a song entitled "The Dragon Reborn", in reference to Rand al'Thor. The American black metal band Shaidar Logoth takes its name from an adaptation of the city of Shadar Logoth, and lyrically expands on the character Padan Fain. The Austrian metal band Dragony, on their 2018 album "Masters of the Multiverse", released the song "Flame of Tar Valon", referencing the Amyrlin Seat. The Swedish metal band Freternia, on their 2019 album "The Gathering", released the song "Reborn", referencing the Dragon Reborn, Rand al'Thor. The American band Lyra wrote the song "The Sword That Could Not Be Broken", about the history of Manetheren, as well as the song "Betrayer of Hope", in reference to Ishamael. The Dread Crew of Oddwood produced the song "The Gleeman", which refers to Thom's battle with a Myrddraal in Whitebridge. The Scottish metal band Farseer, on their 2016 album "Fall Before the Dawn", released the song "Luck of the Joker", which references the most important events that happen to Matrim Cauthon during the whole series.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: In the tradition of the literature-inspired symphonic poem, American composer Seth Stewart produced a full-scale orchestral work entitled "Age of Legends", inspired by the eponymous era of myth and magic described throughout the "Wheel of Time" series. The orchestral piece was premiered and recorded in 2011 at the Beall Concert Hall.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: In a 2000 chat on CNN.com, Robert Jordan mentioned that NBC had purchased an option to do a miniseries of "The Eye of the World". But he expressed doubts that the series would be made stating "key people involved in getting that contract together have left NBC." The series was optioned by Universal Pictures in 2008 for film adaptations, with plans to adapt "The Eye of the World" as the first film. Neither project ultimately emerged.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: In February 2015, Red Eagle Entertainment paid air time to cable network FXX to air "Winter Dragon", a low-budget 22-minute pilot for a potential "The Wheel of Time" series that allowed Red Eagle to hold on to the rights to the series. The pilot, based on the prologue to "The Eye of the World", starred Max Ryan as Lews Therin Thelamon and Billy Zane as Ishamael and aired after Midnight with no announcements or publicity. Harriet McDougal initially stated she was unaware of the show ahead of time, and that the film rights to "The Wheel of Time" were set to revert to the Bandersnatch Group, her company, a few days later on February 11, 2015. Her comments triggered a slander lawsuit with Red Eagle, which was ultimately dismissed during settlement talks that July. In an interview with "io9", Red Eagle Entertainment's CEO Rick Selvage stated "it was more of an [issue of] getting it on the air." A spokesman for FXX stated that the channel was paid to air the show, but Selvage hinted that it was indeed produced with a future series in mind. "We think there's huge demand for the television series internationally, and we're looking forward to producing it and getting it out in the marketplace."


title: The Wheel of Time

text: On April 29, 2016, Harriet McDougal confirmed that the legal issues had been resolved and that a TV series was in development. Further details emerged on 20 April 2017, when it was announced that Sony Pictures Television would be handling the adaptation, with Rafe Judkins as writer and executive producer. In February 2018, Amazon Studios revealed that it had struck a deal with Sony Pictures Television to co-develop the series for distribution on Amazon's video streaming service. The series was formally greenlit in October 2018. Production began in late 2019, but was hindered in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The series premiered on 19 November 2021.


title: The Wheel of Time

text: Many fans of "The Wheel of Time" attend Dragon Con, which had an exclusive "Wheel of Time" content track from 2001 through 2012. "The Wheel of Time" now has its own annual convention, JordanCon, which has been held annually in Atlanta, Georgia, since 2009. The 2020 convention was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Jessica Kelly Siobhán Reilly (born 18 July 1977) is an English actress. She first appeared on screen in 1995 on the series "The Biz". Her other television work includes starring roles in the British crime drama "Above Suspicion" (2009–2012), the American psychological medical drama "Black Box" (2014), the American anthology crime drama "True Detective" (2015) and the historical fantasy drama "Britannia" (2018). Since 2018, she has played Beth Dutton on the neo-Western drama series" Yellowstone", opposite Kevin Costner.


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Reilly's film work began in 2000 in the British comedy film "Maybe Baby". She went on to have a supporting role in the romantic drama "Pride & Prejudice" (2005), a leading role in the horror thriller film "Eden Lake" (2008), the role of Mary Morstan in "Sherlock Holmes" (2009) and its 2011 sequel "", a leading role in "Flight" with Denzel Washington (2012), and the thriller "10x10" with Luke Evans (2018).


title: Kelly Reilly

text: She was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for her performance in "After Miss Julie" at the Donmar Warehouse (2003–2004).


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Reilly was born and brought up in Chessington, the daughter of a hospital receptionist mother and Jack Reilly, a police officer. She attended Tolworth Girls' School in Kingston, where she studied drama for GCSE. Her grandparents are Irish.


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Reilly wrote to the producers of the television drama "Prime Suspect" to ask for work, and six months later she auditioned for a role in an episode of "Prime Suspect 4: Inner Circle", which was broadcast on ITV on 7 May 1995.


title: Kelly Reilly

text: In 1996, she appeared in an episode for Carlton UK Television period drama series "Bramwell" playing a young, disturbed wife, Kathleen Le Saux.


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Her first professional role was followed by a series of parts on the English stage. She worked with Terry Johnson in four productions: "Elton John’s Glasses" (1997), "The London Cuckolds" (1998), "The Graduate" (2000) and "Piano/Forte" (2006). Johnson wrote "Piano/Forte" for her and said, "Kelly is possibly the most natural, dyed-in-the-wool, deep-in-the-bone actress I've ever worked with." Reilly has stated that she learned the most as an actor from Karel Reisz, who directed her in "The Yalta Game" in Dublin in 2001. She said, "He was my masterclass. There is no way I would have been able to do "Miss Julie" if I hadn't done that play."


title: Kelly Reilly

text: By 2000, Reilly felt she was being typecast in comedy roles, and actively sought out a role as the young Amy in "Last Orders", directed by Fred Schepisi. This was followed by a role in the Royal Court's 2001 rerun of Sarah Kane's "Blasted". "The Times" called her "theatrical Viagra". In 2002, Reilly starred alongside Audrey Tautou and Romain Duris as Wendy, an English Erasmus student, in the French comedy "L'Auberge espagnole" ("The Spanish Apartment"). She reprised her role in the 2005 sequel, "Les Poupées russes" ("Russian Dolls") and the 2013 follow-up, "Casse-tête chinois" ("Chinese Puzzle"). Also in 2005, Reilly had roles in such films as "Mrs Henderson Presents" and "Pride & Prejudice".


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Reilly's first lead role came in 2008 in the horror film "Eden Lake" and, in 2009, she had a high-profile role on prime-time British television in "Above Suspicion". Reilly also appeared in three major films: "Sherlock Holmes", "Triage", and "Me and Orson Welles".


title: Kelly Reilly

text: In 2011, Reilly reprised her role as Mary Watson in "". In 2012, Reilly appeared opposite Sam Rockwell in "A Single Shot" and had a leading role in Robert Zemeckis' "Flight" opposite Denzel Washington. In 2014, Reilly starred with Greg Kinnear in the film "Heaven is for Real" and in the John Michael McDonagh film "Calvary". The same year, Reilly starred in the short-lived ABC series, "Black Box", as Catherine Black, a famed neuroscientist who explores and solves the mysteries of the brain (the black box) while hiding her own bipolar disorder from the world.


title: Kelly Reilly

text: In 2015, Reilly starred in the second season of the television series "True Detective" as Jordan Semyon, the wife of Vince Vaughn's character, Frank Semyon. The same year, Reilly made her Broadway debut opposite Clive Owen and Eve Best in Harold Pinter's play "Old Times" at the American Airlines Theatre.


title: Kelly Reilly

text: In 2017, Reilly played the Celtic Queen Kerra, confronting the Roman Invasion of Britain in Sky TV's series, "Britannia".


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Kelly was cast in the leading female role in the Western-style U.S. series "Yellowstone", a Paramount Network drama that debuted on 20 June 2018. Reilly plays Beth Dutton, daughter to John Dutton, played by Kevin Costner. Reilly's and Costner's characters are constantly at war with several outside parties who want to gain control of the Duttons' family land.


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Reilly's performance in "After Miss Julie" at the Donmar Warehouse made her a star of the London stage and earned her a nomination for a Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best Actress of 2003. Aged 26, she was the youngest person ever nominated for that award. In 2005, she won Best Newcomer Award at the Cannes Film Festival for her role as Wendy in "Russian Dolls" ("Les Poupées Russes"). In 2006, Reilly won the Empire Award for Best Newcomer for her role in the British comedy film, "Mrs Henderson Presents". She was nominated once again for an Olivier Award for her performance as Desdemona in the acclaimed production of "Othello" at the Donmar Warehouse in 2009. Reilly was nominated for Best Actress at the British Independent Film Awards for "Eden Lake" in 2010. She won the Spotlight Award at the 2012 Hollywood Film Festival for her performance as Nicole in "Flight".


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Reilly was engaged to actor Jonah Lotan from 2007 to 2009. Reilly married Kyle Baugher, a financier, in 2012.


title: Slovenia

text: Slovenia ( ; ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: "RS"), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested, covers , and has a population of 2.1 million (2,108,708 people). Slovenes constitute over 80% of the country's population. Slovene, a South Slavic language, is the official language. Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. A sub-mediterranean climate reaches to the northern extensions of the Dinaric Alps that traverse the country in a northwest–southeast direction. The Julian Alps in the northwest have an alpine climate. Toward the northeastern Pannonian Basin, a continental climate is more pronounced. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geographically situated near the centre of the country.


title: Slovenia

text: Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of Slavic, Germanic, and Romance languages and cultures. Its territory has been part of many different states: the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the Illyrian Provinces of Napoleon's First French Empire, the Austrian Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In October 1918, the Slovenes co-founded the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs. In December 1918, they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed Slovenia, with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia, a newly declared Nazi puppet state. In 1945, it again became part of Yugoslavia. Post-war, Yugoslavia was allied with the Eastern Bloc, but after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, it never subscribed to the Warsaw Pact, and in 1961 it became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. In June 1991, Slovenia became the first republic to split from Yugoslavia and become an independent sovereign state.


title: Slovenia

text: Slovenia is a developed country, with a high-income economy ranking highly in the Human Development Index. The Gini coefficient rates its income inequality among the lowest in the world. It is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, the Schengen Area, the OSCE, the OECD, the Council of Europe, and NATO.


title: Slovenia

text: Slovenia's name means 'land of the Slovenes' in Slovene and other South Slavic languages. It is thus a cognate of the words "Slavonia", "Slovakia", and "Slavia". The etymology of itself remains uncertain.


title: Slovenia

text: The reconstructed autonym "" is usually derived from the word "slovo" 'word', originally denoting 'people who speak (the same language)'; i.e., people who understand each other. This is in contrast to the Slavic word denoting German people, namely , meaning 'silent, mute people' (from Slavic 'mute, mumbling'). The word "slovo" 'word' and the related "slava" 'glory, fame' and "slukh" 'hearing' originate from the Proto-Indo-European root 'be spoken of, glory', cognate with Ancient Greek ( 'fame'), as in the name Pericles, Latin 'be called', and English .


title: Slovenia

text: The modern Slovene state originates from the Slovene National Liberation Committee (SNOS) held on 19 February 1944. They officially named the state as "Federal Slovenia" (), a unit within the Yugoslav federation. On 20 February 1946, Federal Slovenia was renamed the "People's Republic of Slovenia" ("Ljudska republika Slovenija"). It retained this name until 9 April 1963, when its name was changed again, this time to the "Socialist Republic of Slovenia" (). On 8 March 1990, SR Slovenia removed the prefix "Socialist" from its name, becoming the "Republic of Slovenia"; it remained a part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 25 June 1991.