title: James Garner

text: By October 1964, Garner had formed his own independent film production company, "Cherokee Productions". He next starred in, and his "Cherokee Productions" co-produced, Norman Jewison's romantic comedy "The Art of Love" (1965) with Dick Van Dyke and Elke Sommer. The Westerns "Duel at Diablo" (1966) with Sidney Poitier and "Hour of the Gun" (1967) with Garner as Wyatt Earp and Jason Robards Jr. as Doc Holliday followed, as well as the comedy "A Man Could Get Killed" (1966) with Melina Mercouri and Tony Franciosa. "Grand Prix" (1966) with Eva Marie Saint and Toshiro Mifune, directed by John Frankenheimer and co-produced through Garner's own film production company Cherokee Productions, left Garner with a fascination for car racing that he often explored by actually racing during the ensuing years. The expensive Cinerama epic by MGM did not fare as well as expected at the box office and, together with the poor performance of his last six films, he was blamed for the movie not doing better, which damaged Garner's theatrical film career.


title: James Garner

text: In 1969, despite opposition from some at MGM and having to plead his case, Garner played Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe in "Marlowe", a detective drama featuring an early extended kung fu scene with the great martial artist and actor Bruce Lee. The same year, Garner scored a hit with the comedy Western "Support Your Local Sheriff!" with Walter Brennan and Jack Elam.


title: James Garner

text: In 1971, Garner returned to television in an offbeat series, "Nichols", in which his character was killed and replaced by a more colorless twin brother at the end of the series. In one explanation for the unusual denouement, the recast as the character's somewhat more normal twin brother would have hopefully created a more popular series with few cast changes. However, according to Garner's 1999 videotaped Archive of American Television interview, Garner killed his character because they had already cancelled the show and played his own twin because they had to finish the episode.


title: James Garner

text: Also in 1971 he starred in "Support Your Local Gunfighter!" (similar to the western spoof "Support Your Local Sheriff!"), while in the frontier comedy "Skin Game", Garner and Louis Gossett Jr. starred as con men pretending to be an owner and his slave during the pre-Civil War era. The following year, Garner played a small town sheriff investigating a murder in "They Only Kill Their Masters" with Katharine Ross. He appeared in two Disney films also starring Vera Miles as his leading lady, "One Little Indian" (1973), featuring Jodie Foster in an early minor role, and "The Castaway Cowboy" (1974) with Robert Culp.


title: James Garner

text: In the 1970s, Roy Huggins had an idea to remake "Maverick," but this time as a modern-day private detective. Huggins worked with co-creator Stephen J. Cannell, and the pair selected Garner to attempt to rekindle the success of "Maverick," eventually recycling many of the plots from the original series, according to both Huggins' and Cannell's Archive of American Television interviews. Starting with the 1974 season, Garner appeared as private investigator Jim Rockford in "The Rockford Files." He appeared for six seasons, for which he received an Emmy Award for Best Actor in 1977. In the 2016 book titled "TV (The Book)", film and television critic Matt Zoller Seitz stated that the series gave Garner "the role he was put on earth to play." Veteran character actor Noah Beery Jr., nephew of screen legend Wallace Beery, played Rockford's father "Rocky" in numerous episodes.


title: James Garner

text: Garner appeared with Mariette Hartley, who guest-starred in an episode of "Rockford Files", in a lengthy series of extremely popular Polaroid Camera commercials. After six seasons, "The Rockford Files" was cancelled in 1980. The physical toll on Garner resulted in his doctor ordering him to take some time off to rest. Appearing in nearly every scene of the series, doing many of his own stunts—including one that injured his back—was wearing him out. A knee injury from his National Guard days worsened in the wake of the continuous jumping and rolling, and he was hospitalized with a bleeding ulcer in 1979. When Garner's physician ordered him to rest, the studio immediately cancelled "The Rockford Files".


title: James Garner

text: Stuart Margolin (who played Angel Martin in "The Rockford Files") said that despite Garner's health problems in the later years of "The Rockford Files," he would often work long shifts, unusual for a starring actor, staying to do off-camera lines with other actors, doing his own stunts despite his knee problems. When Garner later made "The Rockford Files" television movies, he said that 22 people (with the exception of series co-star Beery, who died late in 1994) came out of retirement to participate.


title: James Garner

text: In July 1983, Garner filed suit against Universal Studios for US$16.5 million in connection with his ongoing dispute from "The Rockford Files." The suit charged Universal with "breach of contract; failure to deal in good faith and fairly; and fraud and deceit". Garner alleged that Universal was "creatively accounting", two words that are now part of the Hollywood lexicon. The suit was eventually settled out of court in 1989. As part of the agreement, Garner could not disclose the amount of the settlement.


title: James Garner

text: "The industry is like it always has been. It's a bunch of greedy people," he stated in 1990. Garner sued Universal again in 1998 for $2.2 million over syndication royalties. In this suit, he charged the studio with "deceiving him and suppressing information about syndication". He was supposed to receive $25,000 per episode that ran in syndication, but Universal charged him "distribution fees". He also felt that the studio did not release the show to the highest bidder for the episode reruns.


title: James Garner

text: Garner and Jack Kelly reappeared as Bret and Bart Maverick in a 1978 made-for-television film titled "The New Maverick" written by Juanita Bartlett, directed by Hy Averback, and also starring Susan Sullivan as Poker Alice. As had often been the case in episodes of the original series, Bret's brother Bart shows up only briefly toward the end.


title: James Garner

text: "The New Maverick" served as the pilot for a failed television series, "Young Maverick", featuring the adventures of Bret and Bart's younger cousin Ben Maverick, portrayed in both "The New Maverick" and "Young Maverick" by Charles Frank. The series itself, which only presented Garner for a few moments at the beginning of the first show, was canceled so rapidly that some of the episodes filmed were never broadcast in the United States. Despite the title, Frank was three years older than Garner had been at the launch of the original series.


title: James Garner

text: After the abrupt disappearance of "Young Maverick" two seasons earlier, an attempt to make a "Maverick" series without Garner, he returned to his earlier TV role in 1981 in the revival series "Bret Maverick", but NBC unexpectedly canceled the show after only one season despite reasonably good ratings. Critics noted that the scripts did not measure up to the episodes starring Garner in the first series. Jack Kelly (Bart Maverick) was slated to become a series regular had the show been picked up for another season. Kelly was presented with a stack of finished scripts featuring Bart Maverick for the upcoming second season, and he appeared in the last scene of the final episode in a surprise guest appearance.


title: James Garner

text: During the 1980s, Garner played dramatic roles in a number of television films, including "Heartsounds" with Mary Tyler Moore featuring the true story of a doctor (played by Garner) who is deprived of oxygen for too long during an operation and wakes up mentally impaired; "Promise" with James Woods and Piper Laurie, about dealing with a mentally ill adult sibling; and "My Name Is Bill W." with James Woods, in which Garner portrays the founder of Alcoholics Anonymous. In 1984, he played the lead in Joseph Wambaugh's "The Glitter Dome" for HBO Pictures, which was directed by his "Rockford Files" co-star Stuart Margolin. The film generated a mild controversy for a bondage sequence featuring Garner and co-star Margot Kidder.


title: James Garner

text: In 1984 he also starred in the movie "Tank", about a soon-to-be retiring US Army Command Sergeant Major named Zack Carey who butted heads with a corrupt local sheriff after an incident with one of his deputies off base and used a privately owned Sherman Tank to exact justice.


title: James Garner

text: Garner's only Oscar nomination was for Best Actor in a Leading Role for the film "Murphy's Romance" (1985), opposite Sally Field. Field and director Martin Ritt had to fight the studio, Columbia Pictures, to have Garner cast, since he was regarded as a TV actor by then despite having co-starred in the box office hit "Victor/Victoria" opposite Julie Andrews two years earlier. Columbia did not want to make the movie, because it had no "sex or violence" in it. But because of the success of "Norma Rae" (1979), with the same star (Field), director, and screenplay writing team (Harriet Frank Jr. and Irving Ravetch), and with Field's new production company (Fogwood Films) producing, Columbia agreed. Columbia wanted Marlon Brando to play the part of Murphy, so Field and Ritt had to insist on Garner. Part of the deal from the studio, which at that time was owned by The Coca-Cola Company, included an eight-line sequence of Field and Garner saying the word "Coke," and also having Coke signs appear prominently in the film. In A&E's "Biography" of Garner, Field reported that her on-screen kiss with Garner was the best cinematic kiss she had ever experienced.


title: James Garner

text: Garner played Wyatt Earp (whom he physically resembled) in two very different movies shot 21 years apart, John Sturges' "Hour of the Gun" in 1967 and Blake Edwards' "Sunset" in 1988. The first film was a realistic depiction of the O.K. Corral shootout and its aftermath, while the second centered around a comedic fictional adventure shared by Earp and silent movie cowboy star Tom Mix. Earp had actually worked as a consultant for Western films during the silent film era toward the end of his life. The movie features Bruce Willis as Mix in only his second movie role. Although Willis was billed over Garner, the film actually gave more screen time and emphasis to Earp.


title: James Garner

text: For the second half of the 1980s, Garner also appeared in several of the North American market Mazda television commercials as an on-screen spokesman.


title: James Garner

text: In 1991, Garner starred in "Man of the People", a television series about a con man chosen to fill an empty seat on a city council, with Kate Mulgrew and Corinne Bohrer. Despite reasonably fair ratings, the show was canceled after only 10 episodes.


title: James Garner

text: In 1993, Garner played the lead in a well-received HBO movie, the true story "Barbarians at the Gate", and went on to reprise his role as Jim Rockford in eight "The Rockford Files" made-for-TV movies beginning the following year. Practically everyone in the original cast of recurring characters returned for the new episodes except Noah Beery Jr., who had died in the interim. According to Garner's memoir "The Garner Files", he insisted upon being fully paid in cash before the shooting began on each of the Rockford TV-movies.


title: James Garner

text: In 1994, Garner played Marshal Zane Cooper in a movie version of "Maverick", with Mel Gibson as Bret Maverick (in the end it is revealed that Garner's character is the father of Gibson's Maverick) and Jodie Foster as a gambling lass with a fake Southern accent.


title: James Garner

text: In 1995, he played lead character Woodrow Call, an ex-lawman, in the TV miniseries sequel to "Lonesome Dove" entitled "Streets of Laredo", based on Larry McMurtry's novel. In 1996, Garner and Jack Lemmon teamed up in "My Fellow Americans", playing two former presidents who uncover scandalous activity by their successor (Dan Aykroyd) and are pursued by murderous NSA agents.<ref name="http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=myfellowamericans.htm"></ref> In addition to a major recurring role during the last part of the run of TV series "Chicago Hope", Garner also starred in two short-lived series, the animated "God, the Devil and Bob" and "First Monday", in which he played a fictional version of the Supreme Court's Chief Justice of the United States.


title: James Garner

text: In 2000, after an operation to replace both knees,<ref name="http://articles.latimes.com/2000/apr/12/entertainment/ca-18538"> </ref> Garner appeared with Clint Eastwood, who had played a villain in the original "Maverick" series in the episode "Duel at Sundown," as astronauts in the movie "Space Cowboys", also featuring Tommy Lee Jones and Donald Sutherland.


title: James Garner

text: In 2001, Garner voiced Commander Rourke in "". In 2002, following the death of James Coburn, Garner took over Coburn's role as TV commercial voiceover for Chevrolet's "Like a Rock" advertising campaign. Garner continued to voice the commercials until the end of the campaign. Also in 2002, he played Sandra Bullock's father in "Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood" as Shepard James "Shep" Walker. After the death of John Ritter in 2003, Garner joined the cast of "8 Simple Rules" as Grandpa Jim Egan (Cate's father) and remained with the series until it finished in 2005.


title: James Garner

text: In 2004, Garner starred as the older version of Ryan Gosling's character in the film version of Nicholas Sparks's "The Notebook" alongside Gena Rowlands as his wife, directed by Nick Cassavetes, Rowlands's son. The Screen Actors Guild nominated Garner as best actor for "Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role". In 2006, Garner made his last personal appearance in the film "The Ultimate Gift" as billionaire Howard "Red" Stevens. In 2010, Garner voiced Shazam in "".


title: James Garner

text: On November 1, 2011, Simon & Schuster published Garner's autobiography "The Garner Files: A Memoir". In addition to recounting his career, the memoir, co-written with nonfiction writer Jon Winokur, detailed the childhood abuses Garner suffered at the hands of his stepmother. It also offered frank, unflattering assessments of some of Garner's co-stars such as Steve McQueen and Charles Bronson. In addition to recalling the genesis of most of Garner's hit films and television shows, the book also featured a section where the star provided individual critiques for every one of his acting projects accompanied by a star rating for each. Garner's three-time co-star Julie Andrews wrote the book's foreword. Lauren Bacall, Diahann Carroll, Doris Day, Tom Selleck, Stephen J. Cannell, and many other Garner associates, friends, and relatives provided their memories of the star in the book's coda.


title: James Garner

text: The "most explosive revelation" in his autobiography was that Garner smoked marijuana for much of his adult life. "I started smoking it in my late teens," Garner wrote.


title: James Garner

text: Nominated for 15 Emmy Awards during his television career, Garner received the award in 1977 as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series ("The Rockford Files") and in 1987 as executive producer of "Promise".


title: James Garner

text: For his contribution to the film and television industry, Garner received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (at 6927 Hollywood Boulevard).


title: James Garner

text: In 1990, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He was also inducted into the Television Hall of Fame that same year. In February 2005, he received the Screen Actors Guild's Lifetime Achievement Award. He was also nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role that year, for "The Notebook". When Morgan Freeman won that prize for his work in "Million Dollar Baby", Freeman led the audience in a sing-along of the original "Maverick" theme song, written by David Buttolph and Paul Francis Webster.


title: James Garner

text: On April 21, 2006, a bronze statue of Garner as Bret Maverick was unveiled in Garner's hometown of Norman, Oklahoma, with Garner present at the ceremony.


title: James Garner

text: Garner was married to Lois Josephine Fleischman Clarke, whom he met at a party in 1956. They married 14 days later on August 17, 1956. "We went to dinner every night for 14 nights. I was just absolutely nuts about her. I spent $77 on our honeymoon, and it about broke me." According to Garner, "Marriage is like the Army; everyone complains, but you'd be surprised at the large number of people who re-enlist." His wife practiced Judaism.


title: James Garner

text: When Garner and Clarke married, her daughter Kim from a previous marriage was seven years old and recovering from polio. Garner had one daughter with Lois, Greta "Gigi" Garner who was born on January 4, 1958. Gigi became a published author, songwriter, philanthropist and artist. In an interview in "Good Housekeeping" with Garner, his wife, and two daughters, conducted at their home and published in March 1976, Gigi's age was given as 18 and Kim's as 27.


title: James Garner

text: Garner and his wife Lois remained married until Garner's death in 2014. They had two separations, the first for three months in 1970, and nine years later they again lived apart for a time, reuniting in September 1981. Garner stated that during this second period apart he split his time between Canada and "a rented house in the Valley." In each case Garner said the separations were caused by the stress of his acting career, and were not due to marital problems. In the case of "The Rockford Files" he was in almost every scene, in constant pain due to his arthritic knees, and was under tremendous stress from the studio. He stated when he quit the series in 1979 he simply needed to spend time alone in order to recover from the stress. Garner's death in 2014 was less than a month before their 58th wedding anniversary. His wife died seven years later, on October 30, 2021.


title: James Garner

text: Garner's knees became a chronic problem during the filming of "The Rockford Files" in the 1970s, with "six or seven knee operations during that time." In 2000, he underwent knee replacement surgery for both knees.


title: James Garner

text: On April 22, 1988, Garner had quintuple bypass heart surgery. Though he recovered rapidly, he was advised to stop smoking. Garner quit smoking 17 years later.


title: James Garner

text: Garner underwent surgery on May 11, 2008, following a severe stroke he had suffered two days earlier. His prognosis was reported to be "very positive".


title: James Garner

text: Garner had an interest in auto racing since his youth, but his interest was magnified during preparations for the filming of "Grand Prix". John Frankenheimer, the director and impetus behind the project, was determined to make the film as realistic as possible. He was trying to determine which actor he could focus on for high speed takes. At his disposal were the services of Bob Bondurant, a Formula 1 racer who was serving as technical consultant for the film. The first step was to place the actors in a two-seater version of a Formula 1 car to see how they would handle the high speeds. Bondurant noted all the actors became quite frightened over 240 kph, all except Garner, who returned to the pit laughing like an excited child. Said Bondurant, "This is your man". From there on out, all the actors were placed in a race driver training program except for Garner, whom Bonderant was assigned to personally to train up. Garner proved to be a good student, a hard worker and a talented driver. Compared to the other actors in the movie, Bondurant tagged Garner as being 'light years' ahead. By the end of the film Bonderant asserted Garner could compete on a Formula 1 team, and would best some of the drivers currently in the field.


title: James Garner

text: Following the completion of "Grand Prix", Garner become involved in auto racing. From 1967 through 1969 Garner was an owner of the "American International Racers" (AIR) auto racing team. Motorsports writer William Edgar and Hollywood director Andy Sidaris teamed with Garner for the racing documentary "The Racing Scene", filmed in 1969 and released in 1970. The team fielded cars at Le Mans, Daytona, and Sebring endurance races, but is best known for Garner's celebrity status raising publicity in early off-road motor-sports events. In 1978, he was one of the inaugural inductees in the Off-Road Motorsports Hall of Fame.


title: James Garner

text: Garner signed a three-year sponsorship contract with American Motors Corporation (AMC). His shops prepared ten 1969 SC/Ramblers for the Baja 500 race. Garner did not drive in this event because of a film commitment in Spain that year. Nevertheless, seven of his cars finished the grueling race, taking three of the top five places in the sedan class. Garner also drove the pace car at the Indianapolis 500 race in 1975, 1977, and 1985 (see: list of Indianapolis 500 pace cars).


title: James Garner

text: In 1987 Garner announced plans to partner with Larry Cahill to form a racing team to compete in the 1988 Indycar season. The intention was to base the team in Cedar Rapids, Ia., where Cahill operated his businesses. The estimated budget was $3.5 million. The plans never came to fruition.


title: James Garner

text: Garner was an avid golfer for many years. Along with his brother, Jack, he played golf in high school. Jack even attempted a professional golfing career after a brief stint in the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball farm system. Garner took it up again in the late 1950s to see if he could beat Jack. He was a regular for years at the Pebble Beach Pro-Am. In February 1990 at the AT&T Golf Tournament, he won the Most Valuable Amateur Trophy. Garner appeared on Sam Snead's Celebrity Golf TV series which aired from 1960 – 1963. These matches were 9-hole charity events pitting Snead against Hollywood celebrities.


title: James Garner

text: Garner was noted as an enthusiastic fan of the Raiders in the NFL; he regularly attended games and mixed with the players. He was also present when the Raiders won Super Bowl XVIII over the Washington Redskins in January 1984 at Tampa, Florida.


title: James Garner

text: Garner was a supporter of the University of Oklahoma, often returning to Norman for school functions. When he attended Oklahoma Sooners football games, he frequently could be seen on the sidelines or in the press box. Garner received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree at OU in 1995.


title: James Garner

text: In 2003, to endow the James Garner Chair in the School of Drama, he donated $500,000, half of a pledged $1 million, for the first endowed position at the drama school.


title: James Garner

text: Garner was a strong Democratic Party supporter. From 1982, Garner gave at least $29,000 to Federal campaigns, of which over $24,000 was to Democratic Party candidates, including Dennis Kucinich (for Congress in 2002), Dick Gephardt, John Kerry, Barbara Boxer, and various Democratic committees and groups.


title: James Garner

text: On August 28, 1963, Garner was one of several celebrities to join Martin Luther King Jr. in the "March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom." In his autobiography, Garner recalled sitting in the third row listening to King's "I Have a Dream" speech.


title: James Garner

text: For his role in the 1985 CBS miniseries "Space", the character's party affiliation was changed from Republican as in the book to reflect Garner's personal views. Garner said, "My wife would leave me if I played a Republican."


title: James Garner

text: There was an effort by California Democratic party leaders, led by state Senator Herschel Rosenthal, to persuade Garner to seek the Democratic nomination for Governor of California in the 1990 election. However, future United States Senator and former San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein received the nomination instead, losing to Republican Pete Wilson in the election.


title: James Garner

text: Garner became a friend, supporter and main benefactor of African-American sculptor Richmond Barthé, from the time the latter returned from Europe in 1977 and settled in Pasadena, until Barthé's death in 1989.


title: James Garner

text: Garner was a private and introverted man, according to family and friends. On July 19, 2014, police and rescue personnel were summoned to Garner's Brentwood, Los Angeles home, where they found the actor dead at the age of 86. He had a heart attack caused by coronary artery disease. He had been in poor health since his stroke in 2008.


title: James Garner

text: Longtime friends Tom Selleck (who worked with Garner on "The Rockford Files"), Sally Field (who starred with Garner in "Murphy's Romance") and Clint Eastwood (who guest-starred with Garner on "Maverick" and starred in "Space Cowboys") reflected on his death. Selleck said, "Jim was a mentor to me and a friend, and I will miss him." Field said, "My heart just broke. There are few people on this planet I have adored as much as Jimmy Garner. I cherish every moment I spent with him and relive them over and over in my head. He was a diamond." Eastwood said, "Garner opened the door for people like Steve McQueen and myself."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Lauren Bacall (; born Betty Joan Perske; September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014) was an American actress. She was named the 20th-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema by the American Film Institute and received an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2009 in recognition of her contribution to the Golden Age of motion pictures. She was known for her alluring, sultry presence and her distinctive, husky voice. Bacall was one of the last surviving major stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood cinema.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall began a career as a model for the Walter Thornton Model Agency before making her film debut at the age of 19 as the leading lady opposite her future husband Humphrey Bogart in "To Have and Have Not" (1944). She continued in the film noir genre with appearances alongside her new husband in "The Big Sleep" (1946), "Dark Passage" (1947), and "Key Largo" (1948), and she starred in the romantic comedies "How to Marry a Millionaire" (1953) with Marilyn Monroe and Betty Grable, and "Designing Woman" (1957) with Gregory Peck. She portrayed the female lead in "Written on the Wind" (1956) which is considered one of Douglas Sirk's seminal films. She starred alongside Paul Newman in the 1966 mystery film "Harper". She co-starred with John Wayne in his final film "The Shootist" (1976) by Wayne's personal request. She also worked on Broadway in musicals, earning Tony Awards for "Applause" (1970) and "Woman of the Year" (1981). For her performance in "The Mirror Has Two Faces" (1996) she won a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, and a SAG award, and was nominated for an Academy Award.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: During the final stage of her career she gained newfound success with a younger audience for major supporting roles in the films "Misery" (1990), "Dogville" (2003) and the English dubs of the animated films "Howl's Moving Castle" (2004) and "Ernest & Celestine" (2012).


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Lauren Bacall was born Betty Joan Perske on September 16, 1924 in the Bronx, New York City, the only child of Natalie ("née" Weinstein-Bacal; 1901–1969), a secretary who later legally changed her surname to Bacal, and William Perske (1889–1982), who worked in sales. Both of her parents were Jewish. Her mother emigrated from Iași, Romania through Ellis Island. Her father was born in New Jersey to parents who were born in Valozhyn, a predominantly Jewish community in present-day Belarus.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall's parents divorced when she was five, after which she no longer saw her father. She later took the Romanian form of her mother's last name, Bacall. She was close to her mother, who remarried to Lee Goldberg and moved to California after Bacall became a star. Through her father, Bacall was a relative of Shimon Peres (born Szymon Perski), the eighth prime minister and ninth president of Israel. Peres did not know about the relation until Bacall told him.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall's family moved soon after her birth to Brooklyn's Ocean Parkway. Money from a wealthy family allowed Bacall to attend school at the Highland Manor Boarding School for Girls in Tarrytown, New York, a private boarding school founded by philanthropist Eugene Heitler Lehman, and at Julia Richman High School in Manhattan.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In 1941, Bacall took lessons at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, where she dated classmate Kirk Douglas. She worked as a theatre usher at the St. James Theatre and as a fashion model in department stores.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: She made her acting debut on Broadway in 1942 at age 17 as a walk-on in "Johnny 2 X 4". By then, she lived with her mother at 75 Bank Street, and in 1942, she was crowned Miss Greenwich Village.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: As a teenage fashion model, Bacall appeared on the cover of "Harper's Bazaar" and in magazines such as "Vogue". A 1948 article in "Life" magazine referred to her "cat-like grace, tawny blonde hair, and blue-green eyes." As she naturally had a high-pitched and nasal voice, she received lessons to help deepen it and was required to shout verses by Shakespeare for hours every day as part of her training.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Though Diana Vreeland is often credited with discovering Bacall for "Harper's Bazaar", it was in fact Nicolas de Gunzburg who introduced Bacall to Vreeland. He had first met Bacall at a New York club called Tony's, where De Gunzburg suggested that Bacall visit his "Harper's Bazaar" office the next day. He then turned her over to Vreeland, who arranged for Louise Dahl-Wolfe to shoot Bacall in Kodachrome for the March 1943 cover.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: The "Harper's Bazaar" cover caught the attention of "Slim" Keith, the wife of Hollywood producer and director Howard Hawks. Keith urged her husband to invite Bacall to take a screen test for his forthcoming film "To Have and Have Not". Hawks asked his secretary to find more information about Bacall, but the secretary misunderstood and sent Bacall a ticket to travel to Hollywood for the audition.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: After meeting Bacall in Hollywood, Hawks immediately signed her to a seven-year contract with a weekly salary of $100 and personally began to manage her career. He changed her first name to Lauren, and she chose Bacall, a variant of her mother's maiden name, as her screen surname. Slim Hawks also took Bacall under her wing, dressing Bacall stylishly and guiding her in matters of elegance, manners and taste. At Hawks' suggestion, Bacall was trained by a voice coach to speak with a lower and deeper voice instead of her normally high-pitched, nasal voice. As part of her training, Bacall was required to shout verses of Shakespeare for hours every day. Her voice was characterized as a "smoky, sexual growl" by most critics and a "throaty purr." Bacall stood , unusually tall for actresses of the era.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: During her screen tests for "To Have and Have Not" (1944), Bacall was so nervous that, to minimize her quivering, she pressed her chin against her chest, faced the camera and tilted her eyes upward. This effect, which came to be known as "The Look", became another Bacall trademark, along with her sultry voice.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall's character in the film used Slim Hawks' nickname, "Slim", and Bogart used Howard Hawks' nickname "Steve." The on-set chemistry between the two was immediate, according to Bacall. She and Bogart, who was married to Mayo Methot, began a romantic relationship several weeks into shooting.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall's role in the script was originally much smaller, but during production, the part was revised and extended several times. After its release, "To Have and Have Not" catapulted Bacall into instant stardom, and her performance became the cornerstone of her star image that extended into popular culture at large, even influencing fashion as well as filmmakers and other actors.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Warner Bros. launched an extensive marketing campaign to promote the picture and to establish Bacall as a movie star. As part of the public-relations push, Bacall visited the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. on February 10, 1945 and sat on a piano as Vice President Harry S Truman played it.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: After "To Have and Have Not", Bacall appeared with Charles Boyer in "Confidential Agent" (1945), which was poorly received by critics. By her own estimation, she had been terribly miscast and the film could have caused considerable damage to her career, but her next performance as the mysterious, acid-tongued Vivian Rutledge in Hawks's film noir "The Big Sleep" (1946), co-starring Bogart, provided a quick career resurgence.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: "The Big Sleep" laid the foundation for Bacall's status as an icon of film noir, with which she would be strongly associated for the rest of her career. She was often cast in roles that were variations of the independent and sultry "femme fatale" character of Vivian. As described by film scholar Joe McElhaney, "Vivian displays an almost total command of movement and gesture. She never crawls."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall was cast with Bogart in two more films. In the film noir "Dark Passage" (1947), she played an enigmatic San Francisco artist. Bosley Crowther of "The New York Times" wrote: "Miss Bacall... generates quite a lot of pressure as a sharp-eyed, knows-what-she-wants girl." Bacall appeared in John Huston's melodramatic suspense film "Key Largo" (1948) with Bogart, Edward G. Robinson and Lionel Barrymore. In the film, according to film critic Jessica Kiang, "Bacall brings an edge of ambivalence and independence to the role that makes her character much more interesting than was written."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall rejected scripts that she did not find interesting, and thereby earned a reputation as difficult. However, she further solidified her star status in the 1950s by appearing as the leading lady in a string of films that won favorable reviews.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall was cast with Gary Cooper in "Bright Leaf" (1950) and as a two-faced "femme fatale" in "Young Man with a Horn" (1950), a jazz musical co-starring Kirk Douglas, Doris Day and Hoagy Carmichael.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: From 1951 to 1952, Bacall costarred with Bogart in the syndicated action-adventure radio series "Bold Venture".


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall starred in the first CinemaScope comedy, "How to Marry a Millionaire" (1953), a runaway hit among critics and at the box office that was directed by Jean Negulesco. She received positive notices for her turn as witty gold-digger Schatze Page. "First honors in spreading mirth go to Miss Bacall," wrote Alton Cook in the "New York World-Telegram & Sun", "The most intelligent and predatory of the trio, she takes complete control of every scene with her acid delivery of viciously witty lines."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: After the success of "How to Marry a Millionaire", Bacall declined the opportunity to press her handprints and footprints in the Grauman's Chinese Theatre's famed cement forecourt. She felt that "anyone with a picture opening could be represented there, standards had been so lowered" and did not feel that she had yet achieved the status of a major star, and was thereby unworthy of the honor: "I want to feel I've earned my place with the best my business has produced."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall was under contract to 20th Century-Fox. Following "How to Marry a Millionaire", she appeared in yet another CinemaScope comedy directed by Negulesco, "Woman's World" (1954), which failed to match its predecessor's success at the box office.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: A television version of Bogart's early film success "The Petrified Forest" was performed as a 1955 live installment of the weekly dramatic anthology "Producers' Showcase", featuring Bogart in his original role of Duke Mantee and starring Bacall and Henry Fonda. In the late 1990s, Bacall donated the only known kinescope of the performance to the Museum of Television & Radio (now the Paley Center for Media), where it remains archived for viewing in New York City and Los Angeles.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall starred in two feature films, "The Cobweb" and "Blood Alley", both released in 1955. Directed by Vincente Minnelli, "The Cobweb" takes place at a mental institution where Bacall's character works as a therapist. It was her second collaboration with Charles Boyer, and the film also stars Richard Widmark and Lillian Gish. A "New York Times" critic wrote: "In the only two really sympathetic roles, Mr. Widmark is excellent and Miss Bacall shrewdly underplays."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Many film scholars consider "Written on the Wind" (1956), directed by Douglas Sirk, a landmark melodrama. Appearing with Rock Hudson, Dorothy Malone and Robert Stack, Bacall plays a career woman whose life is unexpectedly turned around by a family of oil magnates. Bacall wrote in her autobiography that she did not think much of her role, but reviews were favorable. "Variety" wrote: "Bacall registers strongly as a sensible girl swept into the madness of the oil family."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: While supporting Bogart as he suffered from terminal esophageal cancer, Bacall starred with Gregory Peck in "Designing Woman" (1957) to solid reviews. The musical comedy was her second feature directed by Minnelli and was released in New York on May 16, 1957, four months after Bogart's death on January 14.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall appeared in two more films in the 1950s: the Negulesco-directed melodrama "The Gift of Love" (1958) with Robert Stack and the British adventure film "North West Frontier" (1959), which was a box-office hit.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall was seen in only a handful of films in the 1960s. She starred on Broadway in "Goodbye, Charlie" in 1959, and went on to a successful stage career in "Cactus Flower" (1965), "Applause" (1970) and "Woman of the Year" (1981). She won Tony Awards for her performances in "Applause" and "Woman of the Year".


title: Lauren Bacall

text: "Applause" was a musical version of the film "All About Eve" (1950), starring Bette Davis, Bacall's idol as a child. A young and unknown Bacall had met Davis years earlier in New York. After a performance of "Applause", Davis visited Bacall backstage and told her, "You're the only one who could have played the part." Bacall would later win the Sarah Siddons Award in 1972 and 1984, an award inspired by the fictional trophy in "All About Eve".


title: Lauren Bacall

text: The few films in which Bacall appeared during this period were all-star vehicles such as "Sex and the Single Girl" (1964) with Henry Fonda, Tony Curtis and Natalie Wood; "Harper" (1966) with Paul Newman, Shelley Winters, Julie Harris, Robert Wagner and Janet Leigh; and "Murder on the Orient Express" (1974), with Ingrid Bergman, Albert Finney, Vanessa Redgrave, Martin Balsam and Sean Connery.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In 1964, Bacall appeared in two episodes of Craig Stevens's "Mr. Broadway": first in "Take a Walk Through a Cemetery" with husband Jason Robards, Jr., and later as Barbara Lake in the episode "Something to Sing About" with Balsam.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In 1976, Bacall costarred in "The Shootist "with John Wayne, with whom she had worked in "Blood Alley" (1955).


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall was featured in Robert Altman's comedy "Health" (1980), which underwent a troubled process of release after the change of the top management at 20th Century-Fox and saw a very limited release in theaters. The following year, she appeared in the thriller "The Fan" (1981). The film received mixed reviews, especially following the recent murder of John Lennon and the similarities of the plot to the real event, but Bacall's performance gained a favorable reception. "Variety" magazine wrote that Bacall and director Edward Bianchi "make the audience care what happens" to her character.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall took a seven-year hiatus from films to perform on stage in "Woman of the Year" (1981) with costar Harry Guardino, for which she won her second Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical, and other shows such as a 1985 adaptation of Tennessee Williams's "Sweet Bird of Youth" under the direction of Harold Pinter. She returned to film in 1988 with supporting roles in Danny Huston's "Mr. North" and Michael Winner's "Appointment with Death". She also starred in the British thriller "Tree of Hands" (1989), based on a novel by Ruth Rendell, and in a television adaptation of the 1933 classic "Dinner at Eight" for Turner Television.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In 1990, Bacall took a small but central role as James Caan's agent in Rob Reiner's "Misery", based on the novel by Stephen King, and an important role in the British television movie "A Little Piece of Sunshine", based on a novel by John le Carré. The following year, Bacall played the lead in the independent film "A Star for Two" (1991) with Anthony Quinn, Lila Kedrova and Jean-Pierre Aumont, and played a supporting role in "All I Want for Christmas" (1991).


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In 1993, Bacall was very active in television, pairing again with her lifelong friend Gregory Peck and his daughter Cecilia Peck in Arthur Penn's television movie "The Portrait", and costarring with an all-star European cast in "A Foreign Field". She appeared in Robert Altman's "Prêt-à-Porter" (1994), an ensemble film set in Paris during fashion week. In 1995, she was cast in her friend Ingrid Bergman's role in "From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler", a television remake of the 1973 movie by the same title. Years earlier, Bergman had played the role in the film version of "Cactus Flower" (1969) that Bacall had played on Broadway in 1965.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: 1996 was a pivotal year for Bacall's career. She was chosen by Barbra Streisand to play her mother in the romantic comedy "The Mirror Has Two Faces", also starring Jeff Bridges, George Segal and Brenda Vaccaro. The reviews for her role were positive, and at age 72, she was nominated for the first time for a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award, after having won the Golden Globe. She was widely expected to win the Oscar, but she lost to Juliette Binoche for "The English Patient".


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1997, and she was voted one of the 25 most significant female movie stars in history in 1999 by the American Film Institute. Her film career saw something of a renaissance, and she attracted positive notices for her performances in high-profile projects such as "Dogville" (2003) and "Birth" (2004), both with Nicole Kidman, and in "Howl's Moving Castle" (2004) as the Witch of the Waste. She was a leading actress in Paul Schrader's "The Walker" (2007).


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In 1999, Bacall starred on Broadway in a revival of Noël Coward's "Waiting in the Wings". In the 2000s, she acted as a spokesman for the Tuesday Morning discount chain and produced a jewelry line. She was also a celebrity spokesman for High Point coffee and Fancy Feast cat food. In March 2006, she introduced a film montage dedicated to film noir at the 78th Academy Awards. She made a cameo appearance as herself on "The Sopranos" in the April 2006 episode "Luxury Lounge," during which her character was mugged by Christopher Moltisanti (Michael Imperioli).


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In September 2006, Bryn Mawr College awarded Bacall their Katharine Hepburn Medal, which recognizes "women whose lives, work, and contributions embody the intelligence, drive, and independence" of Hepburn. She delivered an address at the memorial service of Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. at the Reform Club in London in June 2007. She finished her role in "The Forger" in 2009. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences bestowed an honorary Academy Award upon Bacall at the inaugural Governors Awards on November 14, 2009.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In July 2013, Bacall expressed interest in the film "Trouble Is My Business". In November, she joined the English-dubbed voice cast for StudioCanal's animated film "Ernest & Celestine". Her final role was in 2014 as a guest voice appearance in the "Family Guy" episode "Mom's the Word."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: On May 21, 1945, Bacall married Humphrey Bogart. Their wedding and honeymoon took place at Malabar Farm, Lucas, Ohio, the country home of Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield, a close friend of Bogart. At the time of the 1950 United States census, the couple were living at 2707 Benedict Canyon Drive in Beverly Hills with their son and nursemaid. Bacall is listed as Betty Bogart. She was married to Bogart until he died in 1957.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: During the filming of "The African Queen" (1951), Bacall and Bogart became friends with Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy. She began to mix in non-acting circles, becoming friends with the historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. and the journalist Alistair Cooke. In 1952, she gave campaign speeches for Democratic presidential contender Adlai Stevenson. Along with other Hollywood figures, Bacall was a strong opponent of McCarthyism.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall had a relationship with Frank Sinatra after Bogart's death. During an interview with Turner Classic Movies's Robert Osborne, Bacall stated that she had ended the romance, but, in her autobiography "Lauren Bacall by Myself", she wrote that Sinatra ended the relationship abruptly after becoming upset that his marriage proposal had been leaked to the press, believing Bacall to be responsible. However, Bacall states in "Lauren Bacall by Myself" that when she was out with her friend Irving "Swifty" Lazar, they encountered the gossip columnist Louella Parsons, to whom Lazar revealed the news. Bacall wrote in "By Myself" that Sinatra only found out the truth years later.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall then met and began a relationship with Jason Robards. Their wedding was originally scheduled to take place in Vienna, Austria, on June 16, 1961. The wedding plans were shelved after Austrian authorities refused to grant the couple a marriage license, due to Robards being unable to produce divorce documents from his previous marriage, and Bacall being unable to produce Humphrey Bogart's death certificate. They were also refused a marriage in Las Vegas, Nevada, due to similar documentation issues. On July 4, 1961, the couple drove to Ensenada, Mexico, where they wed. The couple divorced in 1969. According to Bacall's autobiography, she divorced Robards mainly because of his alcoholism.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall had a romantic relationship with her "Woman of the Year" costar Harry Guardino in the early 1980s.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall had two children with Bogart and one with Robards. Son Stephen Humphrey Bogart (born January 6, 1949) is a news producer, documentary film maker, and author who is named after Bogart's character in "To Have and Have Not". Their daughter Leslie Howard Bogart (born August 23, 1952) is named after the actor Leslie Howard. A nurse and yoga instructor, she is married to Erich Schiffmann. In his 1995 memoir, Stephen Bogart wrote, "My mother was a lapsed Jew, and my father was a lapsed Episcopalian", and that he and his sister were raised Episcopalian "because my mother felt that would make life easier for Leslie and me during those post-World War II years". Sam Robards (born December 16, 1961), Bacall's son with Robards, is an actor.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall wrote two autobiographies, "Lauren Bacall by Myself" (1978) and "Now" (1994). In 2006, the first volume of "Lauren Bacall by Myself" was reprinted as "By Myself and Then Some" with an extra chapter.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In a 1996 interview, Bacall, reflecting on her life, told the interviewer Jeremy Isaacs that she had been lucky:


title: Lauren Bacall

text: I had one great marriage, I have three great children and four grandchildren. I am still alive. I still can function. I still can work ... You just learn to cope with whatever you have to cope with. I spent my childhood in New York, riding on subways and buses. And you know what you learn if you're a New Yorker? The world doesn't owe you a damn thing.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall was a staunch liberal Democrat, and proclaimed her political views on numerous occasions. Bacall and Bogart were among about 80 Hollywood personalities to send a telegram protesting the House Un-American Activities Committee's investigations of Americans suspected of adhering to communism. The telegram said that investigating individuals' political beliefs violated the basic principles of American democracy. In October 1947, Bacall and Bogart traveled to Washington, D.C., along with a number of other Hollywood stars in a group that called itself the Committee for the First Amendment (CFA), which also included Danny Kaye, John Garfield, Gene Kelly, John Huston, Groucho Marx, Olivia De Havilland, Ira Gershwin, and Jane Wyatt.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: She appeared alongside Humphrey Bogart in a photograph printed at the end of an article he wrote, titled "I'm No Communist", in the May 1948 edition of "Photoplay" magazine, written to counteract negative publicity resulting from his appearance before the House Committee. Bogart and Bacall distanced themselves from the Hollywood Ten, and said: "We're about as much in favor of Communism as J. Edgar Hoover."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall campaigned for Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential election, accompanying him on motorcades along with Bogart, and flying east to help in the final laps of Stevenson's campaign in New York and Chicago. She also campaigned for Robert F. Kennedy in his 1964 run for the U.S. Senate.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: In a 2005 interview with Larry King, Bacall described herself as "anti-Republican... A liberal. The L-word". She added that "being a liberal is the best thing on Earth you can be. You are welcoming to everyone when you're a liberal. You do not have a small mind."


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall died on August 12, 2014, one month before her 90th birthday, at her longtime apartment in The Dakota, the Upper West Side building near Central Park in Manhattan. According to her grandson Jamie Bogart, Bacall died after suffering a massive stroke. She was confirmed dead at New York–Presbyterian Hospital.


title: Lauren Bacall

text: Bacall had an estimated $26.6 million estate. The bulk of her estate was divided among her three children: Leslie Bogart, Stephen Humphrey Bogart, and Sam Robards. Additionally, Bacall left $250,000 each to her youngest grandsons, the sons of Sam Robards, for college.


title: King Von

text: Dayvon Daquan Bennett (August 9, 1994 – November 6, 2020), known professionally as King Von, was an American rapper from Chicago, Illinois. He was signed to Lil Durk's record label Only the Family and Empire Distribution.


title: King Von

text: Bennett was born on August 9, 1994, in Chicago, Illinois. He had six half-siblings from his father, Walter E. Bennett, and three siblings from his mother, Taesha. He was raised mostly by his mother, as his father was in and out of his life due to incarcerations. When Von was 11 years old his father was killed by gunfire. Von would later pay tribute to his father in multiple songs, notably in the song "Exposing Me".


title: King Von

text: At age 16, Von went to jail for the first time. In 2014, he was charged with one count of first degree murder and two counts of attempted murder in connection with a shooting where a person named Malcolm Stuckey was killed and two others injured. He was acquitted of all charges. He began focusing on his music career, collaborating with Lil Durk. Before his arrest for the charges, Von attended South Suburban College in South Holland, Illinois, and earned some college credits. He earned his GED while in juvenile detention. During this time, he joined the Black Disciples street gang.


title: King Von

text: After fellow rapper Lil Durk signed King Von to his Only the Family (Originally known as Only Trey Folks) label, Von released his single "Crazy Story" on December 6, 2018, and it became his breakout single.


title: King Von

text: On Valentine's Day 2019, Von's girlfriend, rapper Asian Doll, released a music video for her track about the artist, "Grandson," in which Von appeared.


title: King Von

text: In May 2019, "Crazy Story 2.0" featuring Lil Durk was released, and a subsequent music video was later released on May 20, 2021, and peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart. On September 13, 2019, a third rendition of the single called "Crazy Story Pt. 3" was released. On July 9, 2019, Lil Durk and King Von released their collaborative single "Like That". On September 2, 2019, Von released his single "What It's Like". The single then appeared on his album "Grandson, Vol. 1".


title: King Von

text: On September 19, 2019, Von released his 15 track mixtape, "Grandson, Vol. 1", featuring Lil Durk on a pair of tracks. The album debuted at number 75 on the "Billboard" 200 and number 27 on the Hip Hop/R&B albums chart. On November 16, 2019, Von released his single "2 A.M". On November 29, 2019, Von released his single "Rollin" featuring YNW Melly, accompanied with a music video.


title: King Von

text: Nugget one of his most popular songs. It was included on his mixtape, "Levon James", released on March 6, 2020, which peaked at number 63 on the "Billboard" 200. The album features verses from NLE Choppa, Tee Grizzley, G Herbo, Lil Durk, and YNW Melly, among others.


title: King Von

text: On April 29, 2020, King Von released his single "Grandson for President", which did well in popularity. He followed that up with a music video release for "Broke Opps", a song from "Levon James". He then released another single, titled "Why He Told" on July 27, 2020, and followed that up with another popular single, "All These Niggas", featuring Chicago rapper Lil Durk, which garnered over 21 million views on YouTube. He then released another single, titled "How It Go", on August 26, 2020.


title: King Von

text: On October 9, 2020, King Von released "I Am What I Am", featuring New York rapper Fivio Foreign. This release was in anticipation of his debut studio album "Welcome to O'Block", released on October 29, 2020. The 16-track album features production Chopsquad DJ, Tay Keith, Wheezy and Hitmaka, among others. The album includes the Polo G collaboration "The Code", which was released with a music video. On December 24, 2020, Lil Durk released his album "The Voice" as a tribute to King Von, who appears on the album cover and on the song, "Still Trappin'".


title: King Von

text: On March 4, 2022, King Von's management team released his first posthumous album, "What It Means to Be King."


title: King Von

text: Bennett was in an on-and-off relationship with Texas rapper Asian Doll, but the two were reportedly not in a relationship at the time of his death. Von had three children.


title: King Von

text: On November 21, 2012, Bennett was arrested and booked into Cook County jail for unlawful possession of a firearm.


title: King Von

text: On July 24, 2014, Bennett was arrested in connection with a shooting in May 2014, resulting in the death of Malcolm Stuckey and the injury of two other men. Bennett was charged with 1 count of murder and 2 counts of attempted murder. The shooting took place in Englewood, Chicago. After witnesses failed to testify in 2017, the charges were dropped.


title: King Von

text: In June 2019, Bennett and Lil Durk (real name Durk Derrick Banks) were arrested in connection with a shooting in Atlanta. Bennett, along with his co-defendant Banks, appeared before a judge in a Fulton County courtroom for a probable cause hearing. Prosecutors claimed that the two rappers robbed and shot Alexander Witherspoon outside a popular drive-in on February 5, 2019. After weeks in jail, Durk was released on a $250,000 bond, while Von was released from a $300,000 bond.


title: King Von

text: In July 2021, the Chicago Police released documents concluding that Bennett was responsible for the fatal shooting of 17-year-old Gangster Disciples member Gakirah "K.I." Barnes in April 2014, but were unable to prosecute him due to inconsistencies in witness statements.


title: King Von

text: On November 6, 2020, at around 2:15 a.m., Bennett and his crew were involved in an altercation with Quando Rondo's crew outside of the Monaco hookah lounge in Atlanta, Georgia. The dispute quickly escalated into gunfire, and Bennett was shot multiple times. He was transported to a hospital in critical condition and died there later that day. He was 26 years old.


title: King Von

text: The Georgia Bureau of Investigation reported that two people were killed and six wounded. One of them was placed in police custody for the murder of King Von while being treated for a gunshot wound. The suspect was identified as Timothy Leeks, aged 22, a rapper also known as Lul Timm who is affiliated with Quando Rondo.


title: King Von

text: In August 2021, a mural depicting King Von was painted by artist Chris Devins, in Parkway Gardens, Chicago (where Von was from). It was meant to serve as a tribute to the late rapper. The mural was seen as controversial amongst Chicago residents – some of them argued that it would attract gang-related crime to the area, and that it was a glorification of gang violence.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Nathan Donald Diaz (born April 16, 1985) is an American professional mixed martial artist who is currently a free agent. Diaz is most known for his time spent fighting in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he fought for over 15 years after winning "The Ultimate Fighter 5" Prior to signing with the UFC, Diaz competed in World Extreme Cagefighting, Strikeforce, and Pancrase. Diaz has the third most UFC bonus awards, with 16 in total.


title: Nate Diaz

text: The son of Melissa (née Womble) and Robert Diaz, he was born of Mexican and Anglo heritage and raised in Stockton, California with his brother Nick and sister Nina. He attended Tokay High School and, at the age of 11, he began training in martial arts with his brother, Nick.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Prior to his official MMA career, Diaz competed in a bare knuckle MMA fight against Robert Limon on July 20, 2002, at the age of 17. Footage has since emerged of the fight and it is believed to be his first competitive experience.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Upon making his official professional MMA debut, Diaz competed mainly for World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC). In 2006, at WEC 24, he fought for the WEC Lightweight Championship against then-champion Hermes França, losing by submission in the second round. This was the last event held by WEC before it was acquired by Zuffa, LLC, then parent company of the UFC.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz was a contestant on "The Ultimate Fighter 5", which exclusively featured lightweights, fighting on Jens Pulver's team. In the preliminary round, Diaz defeated Rob Emerson by submission; in the quarterfinals he defeated fellow Team Pulver teammate Corey Hill via triangle choke submission in the first round. In the semifinals, Diaz defeated Team Penn member Gray Maynard by submission, advancing to the finals, in which he faced teammate Manvel Gamburyan. Diaz won by submission after Gamburyan was forced to tap out in the second round due to the dislocation of his right shoulder as the result of attempting a takedown. With the victory, Diaz won "The Ultimate Fighter 5".


title: Nate Diaz

text: After defeating Alvin Robinson and Junior Assunção via submission, Diaz demanded tougher opponents. He was given a match with Kurt Pellegrino at "UFC Fight Night 13". Diaz defeated Pellegrino via triangle-choke submission in the second round. As he locked up the choke, Diaz had time to flex for the crowd and throw up double middle fingers before Pellegrino submitted. Diaz then defeated veteran Josh Neer by split decision in the main event of "UFC Fight Night 15".


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz next fought former Strikeforce Lightweight Champion Clay Guida at "", losing via split decision. Guida used his wrestling to take Diaz down multiple times. Guida won via split decision, marking Diaz's first loss in the UFC, in what was also his pay per view debut.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz met fellow Ultimate Fighter winner and former King of the Cage Welterweight Champion Joe Stevenson at "". Stevenson took Diaz down at will throughout the 3 rounds and Diaz lost by unanimous decision.


title: Nate Diaz

text: After two consecutive losses by decision, Diaz was billed to headline "UFC Fight Night 19" opposite Melvin Guillard. Diaz won by submission to a guillotine choke at 2:30 of round 2.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz faced Gray Maynard on January 11, 2010, in the main event at "UFC Fight Night 20", a rematch from when the two met in the semi-finals of the "TUF 5" lightweight tournament, which Diaz won. Diaz lost a controversial split decision to Maynard, as the former TUF winner was given the nod in the FightMetric reports, winning rounds two and three.


title: Nate Diaz

text: After three losses in four fights, Nate considered making a permanent move up in weight to the 170 lb. weight class, stating "I don't make enough money to have to drop this much weight so I'd like to fight at 170 and only go to 155 every once in a while."


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz made his Welterweight debut on March 27, 2010, at UFC 111 against Miletich Fighting Systems product and striking specialist Rory Markham. At the weigh-ins, Markham weighed in at 177, whereas Diaz weighed in at the Welterweight limit of 171; the fight was changed to a catchweight fight. Diaz went on to win the fight by TKO in the first round.


title: Nate Diaz

text: After the win over Markham, Diaz stated he would compete in both weight classes. His next fight was again at Welterweight against former professional boxer Marcus Davis on August 28, 2010 at UFC 118. Diaz finished Davis after choking him unconscious with a guillotine choke submission in the final round; the bout earned "Fight of the Night" honors.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz next faced South Korean fighter Dong Hyun Kim, on January 1, 2011, at UFC 125. Diaz lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz fought Rory MacDonald on April 30, 2011, at UFC 129. Diaz was unable to mount much significant offense and lost via unanimous decision. Following the loss, Diaz stated that he would be moving back down to the lightweight division.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz defeated former PRIDE Lightweight Champion Takanori Gomi on September 24, 2011, at UFC 135 via armbar submission in the first round. He earned "Submission of the Night" honors for his performance.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz defeated Donald Cerrone at UFC 141 via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, and 29–28) in a performance that earned both participants "Fight of the Night" honors. Despite being knocked off of his feet multiple times by sweeping leg kicks from Cerrone, Diaz had one of the best performances of his career. Diaz set a CompuStrike record, landing 82% of the strikes he threw en route to his victory over Cerrone.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz, after several years of training, finally received his Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt from Cesar Gracie. He was awarded his black belt a month before his fight with fellow Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt Jim Miller.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz next faced Jim Miller on May 5, 2012, at UFC on Fox 3. Diaz outboxed Miller for the majority of the first two rounds, even dropping Miller with a straight left at the end of the first round. Near the end of round two, Miller shot in for a takedown, to which Diaz stuffed and countered with a rolling guillotine choke, forcing the tap at 4:09 of the second round. The submission won Diaz his fifth "Submission of the Night" bonus award. It was also the first time Miller had been stopped in his MMA career.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz faced Benson Henderson on December 8, 2012, at UFC on Fox 5 in the main event for the UFC Lightweight Championship. Diaz lost the one-sided bout via unanimous decision. Three weeks prior to the championship bout, Diaz signed an eight-fight contract with UFC.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz faced former Strikeforce Lightweight Champion Josh Thomson on April 20, 2013, at UFC on Fox 7. He lost the fight via TKO due to a head kick and punches, during which Nate's brother, Nick Diaz physically threw a towel into the octagon, in an attempt to signal the referee to end the bout. On May 16, 2013, Diaz was suspended by the UFC for violating the UFC's code of conduct by using a homophobic slur on his Twitter page. The UFC expressed their disappointment and suspended him; he was eventually suspended for 90 days and fined $20,000.


title: Nate Diaz

text: A rubber match with Gray Maynard took place on November 30, 2013 in the main event at . Diaz won via TKO in the first round. The stoppage earned him his first "Knockout of the Night" bonus.


title: Nate Diaz

text: On May 5, 2014, both Nate Diaz and fellow UFC fighter T. J. Grant were removed from the UFC's lightweight rankings after being deemed inactive by the UFC.


title: Nate Diaz

text: After over a year away from the sport, Diaz returned from his self-imposed hiatus and faced Rafael Dos Anjos on December 13, 2014 at UFC on Fox 13. Diaz missed weight, coming in at 160.6 pounds. He was given additional time to make the lightweight limit, and cut down to 155.2. However, he was still fined 20 percent of his purse, which went to Rafael dos Anjos. Diaz, who seemed unmotivated and annoyed for most of the fight, lost the one-sided fight via unanimous decision (30–26, 30–26, and 30–27).


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz was briefly linked to a welterweight bout with Matt Brown on July 11, 2015 at UFC 189. However, in mid-April, Brown announced that the pairing had been scrapped.


title: Nate Diaz

text: After sitting out again for over a year, Diaz returned to face Michael Johnson on December 19, 2015 at UFC on Fox 17. He won the fight via unanimous decision and went on to give one of the most infamous post-fight interviews in UFC history, where he called out Conor McGregor by saying "you're taking everything I work for, motherfucker, and I'ma fight your fucking ass" on live broadcast television. Both participants were awarded "Fight of the Night" honors.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz was set as a replacement to face Conor McGregor on March 5, 2016 at UFC 196, filling in for an injured Rafael dos Anjos. With Diaz only having eleven days notice, the fight took place at welterweight (170 lbs) due to lack of time to cut weight. Diaz won the fight via submission in the second round. This gave Diaz his ninth submission victory in the UFC, tied for the second-most all-time behind only Royce Gracie. Both fighters were awarded "Fight of the Night" honors and Diaz was also awarded with the "Performance of the Night" bonus.


title: Nate Diaz

text: A rematch with McGregor was scheduled for July 9, 2016 at UFC 200. However, on April 19, the UFC announced that McGregor had been pulled from the event after failing to fulfill media obligations in Las Vegas related to the fight. In turn, the fight with McGregor was rescheduled and took place the following month, contested again at welterweight, at UFC 202. Diaz lost the rematch via majority decision. The contest was once again awarded "Fight of the Night" honors.


title: Nate Diaz

text: At the UFC 202 post-fight press conference, Diaz violated the USADA rule by smoking CBD, Cannabidiol, vape pen within four hours after a fight. He was not sanctioned as CBD is not considered a PED. USADA changed their rules and lifted CBD from the banned list not long after.


title: Nate Diaz

text: After a two-year-long layoff, it was announced on August 3, 2018, that Diaz was expected to return on November 3 against Dustin Poirier in a lightweight bout. This bout was expected to serve as the co-headliner of UFC 230. However, on October 9, 2018, it was announced that Poirier pulled out due to injury and as a result, the bout was canceled.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Nate Diaz returned to competition on August 17 at UFC 241. He faced Anthony Pettis in a welterweight bout which served as the co-main event. With a dominant performance, he won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz faced Jorge Masvidal on November 2, 2019 in the main event of UFC 244. In a unique situation, UFC President Dana White confirmed that the headlining bout was for a celebratory "baddest motherfucker" (‘BMF’) belt. After being dominated for most of the fight, Diaz lost the fight via TKO between rounds three and four when the cage-side physician determined a cut over Diaz's right eye rendered him unable to continue.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz was expected to face Leon Edwards on May 15, 2021 at UFC 262 in the event's co-headliner, marking the first time a non-main event and non-title bout had been scheduled for 5 rounds. However, the bout was moved to UFC 263 due to a minor injury sustained by Diaz and eventually took place for five rounds as well. Edwards controlled a vast majority of the bout, but was stunned badly with punches late in the fifth. Edwards won the fight by unanimous decision (49–46, 49–46, 49–46).


title: Nate Diaz

text: On the last fight of his UFC contract, Diaz was scheduled to face Khamzat Chimaev on September 10, 2022 in the main event of UFC 279. However, at the weigh-ins on September 9, Chimaev weighed in at 178.5 pounds, seven-and-a-half pounds over the welterweight non-title fight limit. As a result of Chimaev missing weight, he was removed from his bout with Diaz. Diaz instead faced Tony Ferguson in the main event. Diaz won the fight via a guillotine choke submission in the fourth round. This win earned Diaz his second "Performance of the Night" bonus award. Diaz opted to not re-sign with the UFC before the bout with Ferguson, thus making Diaz a free agent once the fight concluded.


title: Nate Diaz

text: Diaz's brother Nick is also a professional MMA fighter fighting under UFC. Both Diaz brothers are advocates for cannabis and even have a licensed line of marijuana pre-rolls made by California Finest. They currently run a Brazilian jiu-jitsu school in Stockton, California (Nick Diaz Academy), and founded a CBD company called Game Up Nutrition. He has been primarily vegan since he was 18, but admits to eating fish from time to time. On June 20, 2018, it was announced that Diaz's girlfriend had given birth to their daughter.


title: Paramount+

text: Paramount+ is an American subscription video on-demand service owned by Paramount Global. The service's content is drawn primarily from the libraries of CBS Media Ventures (including CBS Studios), Paramount Media Networks (formerly Viacom Media Networks and ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks), and Paramount Pictures, while also including original series and films, live streaming sports coverage, and in the U.S., live streaming of local CBS broadcast stations.


title: Paramount+

text: The service was first launched in the United States on October 28, 2014, as CBS All Access; the service initially focused on the live streaming of CBS programming from its local affiliates, as well as on-demand access to CBS programs and library content. The service began to expand into original programming in 2016, beginning with spin-offs of CBS programs such as "," "The Good Fight", and the new "Star Trek" television series "". The service also began to expand into other markets, including Canada and Australia (the latter in conjunction with CBS's recently acquired Network 10).


title: Paramount+

text: In November 2019, CBS merged back into Viacom to form ViacomCBS (now Paramount Global); over 2020, plans were announced for content from Viacom Media Networks brands (including Comedy Central, MTV and Nickelodeon, among others) and Paramount Pictures to be integrated into CBS All Access, wider international expansion and a larger slate of original programming, and to eventually relaunch the service to reflect its wider scope. In September 2020, it was officially announced that the service would rebrand as Paramount+ in 2021, taking its name from the Paramount Pictures film studio.


title: Paramount+

text: The rebranding took effect on March 4, 2021, concurrent with wider expansion into Latin America, and later Europe. The service is also available in all U.S. territories, except for Puerto Rico. The service was launched in South Korea, as a content hub, on June 16, 2022, and launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland on June 21, 2022—a day earlier than expected—where it is also available on the Amazon Prime Video platform as well as its standalone app. An announcement about the launch of Paramount+ in Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland and Austria in the second half of the year was made in early 2022. Paramount+ has recently announced that the streaming service will be launched in France and French-speaking Switzerland on December 1, followed by its arrival in Germany, Austria and German-speaking Switzerland on December 8. Paramount+ was replaced in the Nordics by SkyShowtime, a joint venture with Comcast that also includes Sky Studios and NBCUniversal content. SkyShowtime will also be released in the rest of Europe in the coming months.


title: Paramount+

text: CBS All Access was launched on October 28, 2014, priced at US$5.99 per month with advertising and $9.99 per month without. Announced on October 16, 2014, as the first over-the-top (OTT) offering by an American broadcast television network, the service initially encompassed the network's existing streaming portal at CBS.com and its mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers; CBS All Access became available on Roku on April 7, 2015, and on Chromecast on May 14, 2015. In addition to providing full-length episodes of past and present of CBS programs, the service allows live programming streams of local CBS affiliates in 194 markets reaching 92% of the United States (including stations owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, Hearst Television, Tegna Media, Nexstar Media Group, Meredith Corporation, Griffin Media, Gray Television, Weigel Broadcasting and Cox Media Group and the launch group of CBS Television Stations), including SEC sports and the NFL; however due to the absence of streaming rights, a few sports events are not streamed on the service (mainly involving PGA Tour events, some locally programmed NFL preseason games, and select brokered shows through "CBS Sports Spectacular"), along with limited syndicated and paid programming where only a local broadcast license to carry the program is allowed and web airing rights are retained by the syndicator or infomercial producer. By the very nature of its being live, streaming of a local affiliate does include all advertising, even with the commercial-free plan.


title: Paramount+

text: On December 1, 2016, CBS announced an agreement with the NFL to allow clearance of regional NFL games carried by CBS on CBS All Access from Week 13 of the 2016 NFL season on. At the time, the games were blacked out on non–Verizon Wireless mobile devices due to that provider's exclusivity agreement as the official wireless sponsor of the league. In the 2018 NFL season, a new agreement with Verizon ending that exclusivity began to allow CBS All Access to stream games to all mobile devices; Super Bowl games run on CBS All Access without the need for any authentication.


title: Paramount+

text: In September 2017, "" premiered on CBS All Access, with its first episode also airing on the CBS broadcast network to promote the service. CBS reported that the premiere had driven its largest single-day increase in new subscribers since the Grammy Awards. Along with "Star Trek", "Big Brother 19" and the start of the 2017 NFL season had also driven major increases in growth that month.


title: Paramount+

text: Buoyed by "Star Trek: Discovery", CBS All Access reached over 2 million subscribers by early 2018. The 60th Annual Grammy Awards also provided a boost to sign-ups, marking the second largest day for new subscriptions after the Discovery premiere. In April 2018, CBS All Access was made available outside the United States for the first time when it was launched in Canada.


title: Paramount+

text: The service launched in Australia in December 2018 as 10 All Access. It operated alongside 10's free catch up and live streaming service 10 Play and contains a mixture of Network 10 and CBS programming. CBS shows are made available on All Access prior to being broadcast on 10's channels. 10 All Access is commercial-free and, unlike CBS All Access, has only one pricing tier.


title: Paramount+

text: In January 2019, CBS reported its largest increase in subscribers over a weekend—a 72% increase over the premiere of "Discovery", crediting the premiere of season 2 of the series and that week's AFC Championship Game (which also brought the service its largest streaming audience for a football game). Super Bowl LIII would surpass this record only a few weeks later, with CBS reporting an 84% increase in new subscribers.


title: Paramount+

text: On November 25, 2019, as part of the re-merger between CBS Corporation and Viacom, CBS All Access announced the inclusion of programming from Nickelodeon, as part of the wider launch of children's programming on the service, with other partners including Boat Rocker Studios and WildBrain.


title: Paramount+

text: In January 2020, CBS All Access became available on the Xfinity Flex platform, followed by the X1 platform in December.


title: Paramount+

text: On February 6, 2020, CNBC reported that ViacomCBS was in discussions to launch a larger premium streaming offering, combining CBS All Access with content from Paramount Pictures, the Domestic Media Networks division, and Pluto TV. The service would include an ad-free tier, and a premium tier that includes Showtime's streaming service. The company would maintain its existing streaming platforms, while marketing the new service to users of these other services. ViacomCBS partially outlined these plans in a corporate earnings call on February 20, 2020, stating that the expanded All Access service would take a "house of brands" approach to content and serve as a mid-tier offering complementing Pluto TV (which would remain a free service) and the Showtime OTT service by "adding a broad pay offering, built on All Access's foundation." The expanded service will include content from MTV, VH1, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, BET, and Smithsonian Channel, as well as a library of 30,000 television series episodes and up to 1,000 film titles from Paramount's film and television divisions and CBS Media Ventures, and expanded live news and sports offerings. No pricing plan or firm dates for content expansion were disclosed, though a "soft relaunch" will occur later in 2020. ViacomCBS will also continue to license its TV and film content to competing streaming platforms.


title: Paramount+

text: On May 7, 2020, CBS All Access began adding more films to the service, starting with more than 100 from Paramount Pictures, and ViacomCBS announced that CBS All Access will expand internationally within twelve months. On July 30, 2020, CBS All Access added several shows from ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks, introduced a new user interface with "hubs" for different brands, and revealed that "" (previously planned to air on Nickelodeon) would debut on the service in 2021. With the expansion, it was also announced that the service would rebrand in early-2021 to separate itself from CBS's platforms, and that there were plans to add multiple user profiles and parental controls later in 2020.


title: Paramount+

text: On September 15, 2020, it was announced that CBS All Access would rebrand as Paramount+ in 2021, and that it planned to perform more international expansion under the new name. ViacomCBS CEO Bob Bakish stated Paramount was "an iconic and storied brand beloved by consumers all over the world, and it is synonymous with quality, integrity and world-class storytelling".


title: Paramount+

text: On January 19, 2021, it was announced that Paramount+ would launch on March 4, 2021, with information being released on February 24, 2021, during an investor event. The company announced that no updates will be provided for apps on second or third generation Apple TV once the service relaunches. ViacomCBS announced during their investor event on February 24 that Paramount+ would premiere new 2021 theatrical releases from Paramount Pictures (such as "A Quiet Place Part II", "Scream" and "") 45 days after their theatrical release, "" and "Clifford the Big Red Dog" received simultaneous theatrical and Paramount+ releases on August 20 and November 10, 2021 respectively, while other future theatrical releases from Paramount would premiere on the service either after their theatrical run or after their run on Epix (which reached a new deal with ViacomCBS that same day to provide content for Paramount+, allowing recent releases from Paramount to be available on the service among other titles).


title: Paramount+

text: The relaunch occurred as announced on March 4, 2021, with additional streaming content being launched and further rebranding efforts taking place at that time. In August 2021, it was announced that Paramount+ would be shut down in Nordic Europe in 2022 in favor of SkyShowtime, a joint venture with Comcast-owned Sky Group that would also include content from Showtime, Sky Studios, and NBCUniversal.


title: Paramount+

text: In September 2021, it was announced that Showtime's direct-to-consumer service would be offered as part of a bundle with Paramount+. Showtime content would still be accessed via the Showtime app and website;, but plans were announced for Showtime content to be accessible within the Paramount+ apps for its DTC subscribers later in 2022. The change was implemented in August 2022, with subscribers on both services able to upgrade to the combined "Paramount+ with Showtime" service, and the bundle also available with a discount for new subscribers as an introductory offer.


title: Paramount+

text: On August 15, 2022, Walmart reached an exclusive deal with Paramount+ to offer the streaming service as part of its Walmart+ offering. It meant that Walmart+ customers could access the ad-supported plan on Paramount+ at no additional charge. Qantas also announced it had partnered with Paramount ANZ to offer Paramount+ on its in-flight entertainment systems.


title: Paramount+

text: In 2021, the company ViacomCBS issued a press release that revealed the combined number of subscribers to both CBS All Access and Showtime (another streaming product). That press release revealed that the two streaming services had a combined 19.2 million US subscribers, though the release did not provide individual numbers for either service. In May 2021, ViacomCBS reported to have gained 6 million subscribers during the first quarter of 2021. This brought the total number of global subscribers for ViacomCBS streaming platforms (Paramount+, Showtime, BET+) to 36 million. Out of the 36 million subscribers, a majority of these subscribers are subscribed to Paramount+; however, the exact number of subscribers were not released.


title: Paramount+

text: On February 15, 2022, Paramount announced that 32.8 million subscribers have signed up for Paramount+ as of the end of 2021. This number increased to 39.6 million as of the end of March 2022 and reached to 43.4 million by September 2022.


title: Paramount+

text: On November 2, 2015, it was announced that CBS All Access would expand into original programming, announcing plans for a new "Star Trek" television series produced by Alex Kurtzman to premiere in 2017. The series would be the first television series in the franchise since "" (which ran from 2001 to 2005 on former corporate sibling UPN). The series was later announced as "".


title: Paramount+

text: On May 18, 2016, it was announced that "The Good Wife" would get a spin-off featuring Christine Baranski's character Diane Lockhart. The series, titled "The Good Fight", launched with a CBS broadcast premiere on February 19, 2017, with the remaining nine episodes exclusive to CBS All Access. The series ultimately became the first original drama on the platform, as the premiere of "Star Trek: Discovery" had been delayed from a planned launch in May 2017. On August 2, 2016, it was announced that a streaming spin-off season of CBS reality series "Big Brother" was being planned for CBS All Access. The season, "," premiered on September 28, 2016.


title: Paramount+

text: Further "Star Trek" television series were announced for CBS All Access as well: in February 2019, CBS All Access announced a series focusing on the "" character Captain Jean-Luc Picard (with Patrick Stewart reprising his role), to air by the end of the year. The series was later announced as "" and premiered on January 23, 2020. The adult animation series "" premiered on August 6, 2020.


title: Paramount+

text: With the rebranding of the service as Paramount+, "," and spin-off series "" debuted on March 4, 2021. "Sponge on the Run" was also made available to rent on demand on the same day. ViacomCBS announced planned original series such as the true crime series "The Real Criminal Minds", a revival of "Behind the Music", a revival of the BET series "The Game", Taylor Sheridan's "Lioness", and "The Offer"—a drama based on Albert S. Ruddy's experiences filming "The Godfather". It later announced plans to produce continuations, revivals, and reboots of other properties, including a series adaptation of "Flashdance", "Frasier", "iCarly", "Reno 911!" , and others.


title: Paramount+

text: On February 25, 2021, Paramount+ announced a television adaptation of the Xbox Game Studios franchise "Halo" produced by Amblin Television and Showtime, set to premiere in 2022. The show had been moved from Showtime's slate, as ViacomCBS positions the network as a premium "adult" service (as opposed to the broader positioning of Paramount+).


title: Paramount+

text: In May 2021, CBS announced that "Evil" and "SEAL Team" would move from CBS to Paramount+ beginning with their second and fifth seasons respectively.


title: Paramount+

text: In August 2021, as part of the renewal of Comedy Central animated series "South Park" through 2027, it was announced that series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone would produce 14 movie-length "South Park" specials for Paramount+, with two premiering per-year from 2021 through 2027. Streaming rights to the "South Park" series proper are owned by HBO Max through 2025, after which streaming rights for new episodes will move to Paramount+ beginning in 2024 (season 27), and the series library in 2025.


title: Paramount+

text: In May 2022, Paramount announced that Paramount+ was planned to commission 150 international originals by 2025, some of them were came from Latin America (mostly Mexico) and European territories (including France, Italy and Spain).


title: Paramount+

text: Paramount+ also carries sports programming, in conjunction with CBS Sports. In November 2019, CBS announced that it had acquired streaming rights in the United States to the UEFA Champions League and Europa League in European soccer, replacing Turner Sports. All matches will stream on the service, with selected matches on the broadcast network and CBS Sports Network. The contract was initially to begin in the 2021–22 season and last through 2023–24. However, during a suspension of the 2019–20 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, existing rightsholder Turner Sports opted out of its contract, and CBS took over the rights early for its remaining seasons. On August 19, 2022, UEFA extended the deal until 2030.


title: Paramount+

text: The service has picked up other domestic and international soccer events as well, including the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), CONCACAF Nations League, Women's Nations League, and 2022 CONCACAF Women's Championship, the Argentine Primera División, Brazilian Série A, and Italy's Serie A. As part of the NFL's rights renewal with CBS, Paramount+ gains expanded rights to stream games on both its premium and ad-supported tiers between 2021 and 2033.


title: Paramount+

text: Paramount+ has also acquired exclusive rights in Mexico, Central America, Belize and Dominican Republic for the Premier League starting in the 2022/2023 season, and will carry rights in Brazil to air Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana, beginning on the 2023 seasons for their respective football cups.


title: Paramount+

text: In June 2022, Viacom 18, a joint venture between Paramount Global and Network 18, acquired the exclusive streaming rights to the IPL Cricket in India for five years. These rights were previously held by Disney+ Hotstar.


title: Paramount+

text: The most recent episodes of CBS's shows are usually made available on CBS.com and Paramount+ the day after their original broadcast.


title: Paramount+

text: Paramount+ provides complete back catalogs of most of its current series, including full-season "stacking rights" (with the exception of certain series, such as "The Big Bang Theory", which CBS held only "last five" episode rights during its original run, as Warner Bros. retains all other rights as the show's distributor), as well as a wide selection of episodes of classic series from the CBS Media Ventures program library – including shows previously owned by the original Paramount Television made for both CBS and other networks prior to CBS's acquisition of its program library through the CBS-Viacom split (including the complete episode catalog of shows like "", "Cheers", "MacGyver", "Twin Peaks" and ""), along with the pre-1973 NBC and ABC libraries to subscribers of the service. Paramount+ also carries behind-the-scenes features from CBS programs and special events, and (beginning with the 17th season in June 2015) live feeds and special content from the reality series "Big Brother".


title: Paramount+

text: In mid-April 2017, a limited library of films, made up of content from Paramount Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Sony Pictures, The Samuel Goldwyn Company and CBS Films, was made available on the service. This includes several titles in the "Star Trek" film series. On May 7, 2020, CBS All Access added more than 100 films from Paramount Pictures; more films were added in the following months.


title: Paramount+

text: In August 2019, CBS All Access expanded into children's broadcasting by acquiring the U.S. broadcast rights to "Danger Mouse" (1981) (as well as the reboot of the series), "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs", and several other series from WildBrain including "Inspector Gadget" (and "Inspector Gadget's Field Trip"), "Bob the Builder" (original and reboot), "Polly Pocket" and others. On July 30, 2020, CBS All Access added 56 shows from ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks.


title: Paramount+

text: On February 15, 2022, it was announced that Paramount+ will be the new global streaming home for "South Park" beginning with season 27 in 2024, after HBO Max's deal to the said show will expire in 2025 in the U.S. and its separate international deal with Netflix will also expire in 2022. This comes just seven months after the show's creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone extending their deals with Paramount Global in August 2021; the streaming acquisition of the series will also include the rights to all 310 episodes beginning in 2022 in other countries and in 2025 in the U.S.


title: Paramount+

text: CBS All Access was first launched in the United States on October 28, 2014. The service would receive its first International expansion on April 23, 2018, when CBS All Access expanded to Canada. Australia received its own version of the service, named 10 All Access, on December 4, 2018.


title: Paramount+

text: In August 2020, ViacomCBS announced plans to launch an expanded international streaming service using the CBS All Access technical architecture, but under the new Paramount+ name (revealed in September) in 2021; the Paramount+ name would also be applied to the American replacement to CBS All Access. The service features original programming from CBS All Access as well as Showtime, plus additional programming including Paramount Pictures films which may vary by market. The service would initially launch in the Nordics and Latin America, replacing an existing service of the same name, with additional markets to follow. In Australia, while the relaunched service will premiere all new Showtime original programs going forward, currently-airing series will remain on Stan until their conclusion under an existing deal.


title: Paramount+

text: The Paramount+ brand itself was originated as a subscription video on demand film service, first launching in the Nordics in 2017, and then in Hungary, Latin America, and Russia in the following three years. The current iteration of Paramount+ in the Nordics and Latin America was preceded by this service.


title: Paramount+

text: Outside the United States, Paramount+ is currently available in Australia, Canada, Italy, Latin America, Middle East (as a pay TV channel), Nordics, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Additionally, the Paramount+ SVOD service is still active in Poland (as Paramount Play), Hungary, and Russia (as Okko Paramount+ and IVI Paramount Play), though the current streaming service is unavailable in said regions. Due to program rights and existing content deals, several programs are not available on local versions, or have delayed availability for new episodes. For example, "" and all others from the franchise are licensed to Bell Media in Canada for their CTV Sci-Fi (in English) and Z (in French) channels and streaming service Crave. As another example, selected Paramount+ original kids and family programming such as "" and "Rugrats" are licensed to Corus Entertainment for their YTV and Treehouse networks and Nick+ streaming service in 2021, in part due to pre-existing agreements between Corus and Paramount Global. "" is currently the only show of the genre not to be available on either Corus services or Paramount+. Instead, it airs in Canada on the CTV Sci-Fi Channel.


title: Paramount+

text: A localized version of Paramount+ operates in the Middle East as a premium offering on pay-TV provider OSN, replacing the now-defunct Paramount Channel. It features content from the aforementioned channel, as well as Nickelodeon, Comedy Central and MTV.


title: Paramount+

text: In India, Paramount+ original programming, along with Showtime and CBS programming were made available under Voot Select in Viacom18's Voot, a joint venture between Paramount Global and Network 18, beginning in early 2021.


title: Paramount+

text: In August 2021, Comcast announced an agreement with Paramount Global to launch SkyShowtime, a joint streaming service combining programming from the Paramount Global, Sky, and NBCUniversal libraries as well as original programming from Peacock and Paramount+. The service is expected to be available in 20 smaller European territories, including four Nordic countries along with Hungary and Poland where it will replace Paramount+, instead of Paramount+ and Peacock operating separately in those markets.


title: Paramount+

text: In November 2021, it was announced that "" would be pulled from Netflix in all countries outside the United States and Canada (for which Bell Media retained the license for the entire "Star Trek" libraries) and moved to Paramount+ for international release. Also reported were plans for its 2022 global rollout, starting with its launch in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Germany, German-speaking Switzerland and Austria via Sky Group and South Korean entertainment and media conglomerate CJ ENM to launch Paramount+ as a content hub on TVING (similar to Disney+'s Star), marking the first Asian region to launch the streaming platform; the partnership also includes a joint venture for future content, including English adaptations of tvN drama series which has produced by CJ's production house Studio Dragon. During the earning call on May 3, 2022, Paramount+ was set to be launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland on June 22, 2022, while the South Korean content hub launch was on June 16, 2022. Paramount also announced that Paramount+ would launch in India from Viacom18 in 2023. It is yet to be announced on whether it will replace Voot.


title: Paramount+

text: On February 15, 2022, during its annual investor presentation, French media conglomerate and cable operator Canal+ Group announced that Paramount+ will be launching in France in December of that year, followed by the announcement that the streamer will also expand into the Caribbean also due in the end of the year, and in Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Africa, and the MENA in 2023.


title: Paramount+

text: On March 28, 2022, Caribbean cable operators FLOW and BTC announced that Paramount+ will be launching in the Caribbean via the cable companies' video on demand platforms.


title: Paramount+

text: On November 27, 2022, the director of the Swiss branch of Canal+ Group announced that Paramount+ will be launching in French-speaking Switzerland on December 1, 2022.


title: Zoe Kazan

text: Zoe Swicord Kazan (; born September 9, 1983) is an American actress, playwright, and screenwriter. She made her acting debut in the film "Swordswallowers and Thin Men" (2003) and later appeared in films such as "The Savages" (2007), "Revolutionary Road" (2008), and "It's Complicated" (2009). She starred in "Happythankyoumoreplease" (2010), "Meek's Cutoff" (2010), "Ruby Sparks" (2012), and "What If" (2013). In 2014, she appeared in the HBO miniseries "Olive Kitteridge", for which she received an Emmy nomination. She portrayed Emily Gardner in the film "The Big Sick" (2017), and in 2018 appeared in the Coen Brothers film "The Ballad of Buster Scruggs" in the episode "The Gal Who Got Rattled".