title: Anna Paquin

text: While in New Zealand, Paquin attended Raphael House Rudolf Steiner School and Hutt Intermediate School, both in Lower Hutt. Her parents divorced when she was 12. She received her secondary education at Wellington Girls' College. After moving to the U.S. when she was 16, she attended Windward School in Los Angeles, from which she graduated in 2000. She studied at Columbia College for one year, where she lived in Carman Hall, but dropped out to continue her acting career.


title: Anna Paquin

text: Director Jane Campion was looking for a little girl to play a main role in "The Piano", set to film in New Zealand, and a newspaper advertisement was run announcing an open audition. Paquin's sister read the ad and went to try out with a friend; this inspired Paquin to audition. When Campion met Paquin—whose only acting experience had been as a skunk in a school play—she was very impressed with the nine-year-old's performance of the monologue about Flora's father, and she was chosen from among the 5000 candidates. When "The Piano" was released in 1993 it was lauded by critics, won prizes at a number of film festivals, and eventually became a popular film among a wide audience. Paquin's debut performance in the film earned her the 1993 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11, making her the second-youngest Oscar winner in history, behind Tatum O'Neal.


title: Anna Paquin

text: "The Piano" was made as a small independent film and wasn't expected to be widely known, and Paquin and her family did not plan to continue to pursue acting. However, she was invited to the William Morris Agency, and she kept receiving offers for new roles. She systematically rejected them, but she did appear in three commercials for the phone company MCI in 1994. She later made a series of television commercials for Manitoba Telecom Systems in her birth city of Winnipeg. She also appeared as a voice in an audiobook entitled "The Magnificent Nose" in 1994. In 1996, she appeared in two films. The first role was as young Jane in "Jane Eyre". The other was a lead part in "Fly Away Home" playing a young girl who, after her mother dies, moves in with her father and finds solace in taking care of orphaned goslings. As a teenager, she had roles in other films, including "A Walk on the Moon", "Finding Forrester", "Amistad", "Hurlyburly", "She's All That" and "Almost Famous" as well as the English dub of "Castle in the Sky".


title: Anna Paquin

text: Paquin played the mutant superhero Rogue in the Marvel Comics movie "X-Men" in 2000, its sequel "X2" in 2003, and its third installment, "", in 2006. Between 2006 and 2007, she starred in, as well as executive-produced "Blue State". The film is made by "Paquin Films", a production company formed by her and her brother, Andrew. In November 2006, she completed the film "Margaret", which was released in 2011. She played Elaine Goodale in HBO's made-for-TV film "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee", based on Dee Brown's best-seller, garnering a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. In 2007, she played the role of Laurie in the horror film "Trick 'r Treat", which was released in 2009.


title: Anna Paquin

text: Paquin was cast as waitress Sookie Stackhouse in the HBO series "True Blood" in 2008, her first role in a TV series. The show is based on "The Southern Vampire Mysteries" series of novels by Charlaine Harris, set in the fictional town of Bon Temps, Louisiana. The series saw Paquin doing nude scenes for the first time. While working on "True Blood", she started dating co-star Stephen Moyer and later married him in 2010. In 2009, Paquin played Irena Sendler, a Polish woman hailed as a heroine of the Holocaust, in "The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler", a CBS TV film biographical film based on the book "Mother of the Children of the Holocaust: The Irena Sendler Story", by Anna Mieszkowska. The film was made in Latvia, and was a Hallmark Hall of Fame presentation for the network.


title: Anna Paquin

text: In 2010, Paquin's film "The Romantics", a romantic comedy with Josh Duhamel and Katie Holmes, was released in the US at selected cinemas in September. She played a cameo role in "Scream 4", alongside Kristen Bell in 2011. She also played the voice of Kristin on an episode of "Phineas and Ferb". Paquin reprised her role as Rogue in the 2014 film "", but most of her scenes were cut out for the theatrical release. An alternative version of the film with all of Paquin's scenes reinstated was released as "" on 14 July 2015. Paquin voiced Ramsey in Disney•Pixar's film "The Good Dinosaur". She also played Nancy Holt, the wife of a Confederate soldier, in the 2016 miniseries "Roots".


title: Anna Paquin

text: In June 2016, the Human Rights Campaign released a video in tribute to the victims of the Orlando nightclub shooting; in the video, Paquin and others told the stories of the people killed there. Later in 2017 Paquin starred in television series "Bellevue", also being the executive producer, and acted as Nancy Montgomery in the television miniseries "Alias Grace". In 2018, she acted in husband Stephen Moyer's directorial debut, "The Parting Glass", and in Laurie Collyer's comedy-drama film "Furlough".


title: Anna Paquin

text: In 2019, Paquin appeared in Martin Scorsese's critically acclaimed drama, "The Irishman". That year, she also produced and starred as Robyn in television series "Flack" and appeared in the television series "The Affair". In 2021, she portrayed the wife of Kurt Warner in the biographical Christian sports film, "American Underdog".


title: Anna Paquin

text: Paquin holds dual New Zealand and Canadian citizenship. On 5 August 2009, she announced her engagement to her "True Blood" co-star Stephen Moyer, whom she had been dating since filming the series pilot in 2007. They married on 21 August 2010 at a private residence in Malibu, California. Paquin gave birth to fraternal twins, Charlie and Poppy, on September 12, 2012. She has a stepson, Billy, and a stepdaughter, Lilac, through her marriage to Moyer.


title: Anna Paquin

text: On 1 April 2010, Paquin came out as bisexual in a public service announcement for the Give a Damn campaign as part of the True Colors Fund, an advocacy group organised by Cyndi Lauper dedicated to LGBT equality. The True Colors Fund was created to "inspire and engage everyone, especially straight people, to become active participants in the advancement of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender equality". The video features Anna Paquin stating, "I'm Anna Paquin. I'm bisexual, and I give a damn." When asked about her participation in the video, Paquin responded by saying, "It wasn't like it was a big secret, it was just a cause I cared about and privately supported, but not one that I had ever had an opportunity to speak out about in a way that would be useful. Obviously I know that one person's voice doesn't necessarily do that much, but I just wanted to do my bit." In May 2012, in an "Us Weekly" interview Paquin rejected the notion that bisexuality is a choice. "My sexuality is not made up, for a bisexual, it's not about gender. That's not the deciding factor to who they're attracted to," stated Paquin. In 2014, she described herself on Twitter as "Proud to be a happily married bisexual mother".


title: Anna Paquin

text: Paquin also supports other charities and foundations such as the Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Make-A-Wish Foundation, Elton John AIDS Foundation, and The Art of Elysium.


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: Kaitlyn Rochelle Dever (; born December 21, 1996) is an American actress. She gained recognition for her roles in the FX crime drama television series "Justified" (2011–2015), the ABC/Fox sitcom "Last Man Standing" (2011–2021), the Netflix drama miniseries "Unbelievable" (2019), and the Hulu drama "Dopesick" (2021). She earned Golden Globe Award nominations for "Unbelievable" and "Dopesick" as well as a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for "Dopesick".


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: Dever has also played supporting roles in the films "Bad Teacher" (2011), "The Spectacular Now" (2013), "Short Term 12" (2013), "Detroit" (2017), "Beautiful Boy" (2018), "Dear Evan Hansen" (2021), and "Ticket to Paradise" (2022). She had leading roles in "Them That Follow" (2019), "Booksmart" (2019), and "Rosaline" (2022).


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: Dever was born in Phoenix, Arizona, to Tim and Kathy Dever. She has two younger sisters, Mady and Jane Dever. At the age of five, she developed an interest in the performing arts with her parents sending her to an acting school. She also participated in gymnastics, ballet and ice skating, until she focused on acting. Her family then moved to Dallas when her father was given the role of the voice of Barney the Purple Dinosaur, and where she enrolled at the Dallas Young Actors Studio in a month-long acting program. Honing her acting skills at the studio, she booked a number of commercials, before moving to Los Angeles.


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: Dever's first notable acting role was as Gwen Thompson in the 2009 film "". In 2011, she garnered an early breakout role as Loretta McCready in the FX series "Justified". In the same year, she was cast as a series regular in the ABC (and later Fox) sitcom "Last Man Standing", starring with Tim Allen. Starting with the seventh season of the series, Dever began appearing in a recurring role to focus on other film and television projects.


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: Dever's other television credits include "Make It or Break It", "Modern Family", "Private Practice", "Party Down", "The Mentalist", and "Curb Your Enthusiasm". Her 2011 film credits include "Cinema Verite", "Bad Teacher", and the Clint Eastwood–directed film "J. Edgar". In 2012, Dever was nominated three times at the 33rd Young Artist Awards: for her supporting roles in "Bad Teacher" and "Last Man Standing", and for her recurring role in "Justified".


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: In 2013, she appeared in supporting roles in the critically acclaimed films "The Spectacular Now" and "Short Term 12". Her role in the latter garnered widespread acclaim from critics.


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: Dever appeared in the 2014 dark comedy film "Laggies", directed by Lynn Shelton, alongside Chloë Grace Moretz and Keira Knightley. In the same year, she co-starred in the film "Men, Women & Children", directed by Jason Reitman. In 2017 she reunited with Shelton for her drama film "Outside In", as a supporting cast member. 2017 also saw the release of the films "We Don't Belong Here", "All Summers End" and "Detroit", where Dever appeared in supporting roles as well.


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: In 2018, she performed in minor roles for the political drama "The Front Runner" and the biographical drama "Beautiful Boy", the latter alongside Timothée Chalamet. In early 2019, Dever appeared in the drama-thriller film "Them That Follow" directed by Britt Poulton and Dan Madison Savage. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 27, 2019, and was released on August 2, 2019, by 1091 Media.


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: In mid 2019, Dever starred in the critically acclaimed teen comedy "Booksmart" directed by Olivia Wilde, opposite Beanie Feldstein. The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 11, 2019, and was released on May 24, 2019, by Annapurna Pictures. She also starred in "Unbelievable", a Netflix miniseries which premiered in September 2019. Dever's performance was praised by critics, receiving a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film. She also received nominations for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries, the BAFTA Rising Star Award, and the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama.


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: In 2020, Dever appeared in the Quibi comedy series "", directed by Jason Reitman, to raise money for World Central Kitchen. Later that year, she co-starred in the Audible audio drama "When You Finish Saving the World", written and directed by Jesse Eisenberg. The story is told from the perspective of three family members, at different stages of their lives. Dever voices Rachel, an 18 year old girl recording tapes for her boyfriend stationed in Afghanistan.


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: In 2020, she starred in the television special "Coastal Elites", directed by Jay Roach for HBO. On August 17, 2020, she was cast as Zoe Murphy in Stephen Chbosky's film adaptation of Broadway musical "Dear Evan Hansen".


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: Dever and her sister Mady make up the musical duo group Beulahbelle. In February 2020, they released their first single, "Raleigh".


title: Kaitlyn Dever

text: Dever appeared in an episode of the anthology series "Monsterland" for Hulu. In 2021, she starred as Abbi Miller in episode 3 of B.J. Novak's FX anthology series "The Premise". Dever has also starred in the title role of the film "Rosaline". She also played Betsy Mallum in the 2021 Hulu miniseries "Dopesick", for which she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.


title: Playboy

text: Playboy is an American men's lifestyle and entertainment magazine, formerly in print and currently online. It was founded in Chicago in 1953, by Hugh Hefner and his associates, and funded in part by a $1,000 loan from Hefner's mother.


title: Playboy

text: Known for its centerfolds of nude and semi-nude models (Playmates), "Playboy" played an important role in the sexual revolution and remains one of the world's best-known brands, having grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc. (PEI), with a presence in nearly every medium. In addition to the flagship magazine in the United States, special nation-specific versions of "Playboy" are published worldwide, including those by licensees, such as Dirk Steenekamp's DHS Media Group.


title: Playboy

text: The magazine has a long history of publishing short stories by novelists such as Arthur C. Clarke, Ian Fleming, Vladimir Nabokov, Saul Bellow, Chuck Palahniuk, P. G. Wodehouse, Roald Dahl, Haruki Murakami, and Margaret Atwood. With a regular display of full-page color cartoons, it became a showcase for cartoonists such as Harvey Kurtzman, Jack Cole, Eldon Dedini, Jules Feiffer, Shel Silverstein, Erich Sokol, Roy Raymonde, Gahan Wilson, and Rowland B. Wilson.


title: Playboy

text: "Playboy" features monthly interviews of public figures, such as artists, architects, economists, composers, conductors, film directors, journalists, novelists, playwrights, religious figures, politicians, athletes, and race car drivers. The magazine generally reflects a liberal editorial stance, although it often interviews conservative celebrities.


title: Playboy

text: After a year-long removal of most nude photos in "Playboy" magazine, the March–April 2017 issue brought back nudity.


title: Playboy

text: By spring 1953, Hugh Hefner—a 1949 University of Illinois psychology graduate who had worked in Chicago for "Esquire" magazine writing promotional copy; Publisher's Development Corporation in sales and marketing; and "Children's Activities" magazine as circulation promotions manager—had planned out the elements of his own magazine, that he would call "Stag Party". He formed HMH Publishing Corporation, and recruited his friend Eldon Sellers to find investors. Hefner eventually raised just over $8,000, including from his brother and mother. However, the publisher of an unrelated men's adventure magazine, "Stag," contacted Hefner and informed him it would file suit to protect their trademark if he were to launch his magazine with that name. Hefner, his wife Millie, and Sellers met to seek a new name, considering "Top Hat", "Gentleman", "Sir'", "Satyr", "Pan" and "Bachelor" before Sellers suggested "Playboy".


title: Playboy

text: The first issue, in December 1953, was undated, as Hefner was unsure there would be a second. He produced it in his Hyde Park kitchen. The first centerfold was Marilyn Monroe, although the picture used originally was taken for a calendar rather than for "Playboy". Hefner chose what he deemed the "sexiest" image, a previously unused nude study of Marilyn stretched with an upraised arm on a red velvet background with closed eyes and mouth open. The heavy promotion centered around Marilyn's nudity on the already-famous calendar, together with the teasers in marketing, made the new "Playboy" magazine a success.


title: Playboy

text: The first issue sold out in weeks. Known circulation was 53,991. The cover price was 50¢. Copies of the first issue in mint to near-mint condition sold for over $5,000 in 2002.


title: Playboy

text: The novel "Fahrenheit 451", by Ray Bradbury, was published in 1953 and serialized in the March, April and May 1954 issues of "Playboy".


title: Playboy

text: An urban legend started about Hefner and the Playmate of the Month because of markings on the front covers of the magazine. From 1955 to 1979 (except for a six-month gap in 1976), the "P" in "Playboy" had stars printed in or around the letter. Urban legend stated that this was either a rating that Hefner gave to the Playmate according to how attractive she was, the number of times that Hefner had slept with her, or how good she was in bed. In actuality, stars, between zero and 12 indicated the domestic or international advertising region for that printing.


title: Playboy

text: In the 1960s, the magazine added "The Playboy Philosophy" column. Early topics included LGBTQ rights, women's rights, censorship, and the First Amendment. "Playboy" was an early proponent of cannabis reform and provided founding support to the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws in 1970.


title: Playboy

text: From 1966 to 1976, Robie Macauley was the fiction editor at "Playboy". During this period the magazine published fiction by Saul Bellow, Seán Ó Faoláin, John Updike, James Dickey, John Cheever, Doris Lessing, Joyce Carol Oates, Vladimir Nabokov, Michael Crichton, John le Carré, Irwin Shaw, Jean Shepherd, Arthur Koestler, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Bernard Malamud, John Irving, Anne Sexton, Nadine Gordimer, Kurt Vonnegut and J. P. Donleavy, as well as poetry by Yevgeny Yevtushenko.


title: Playboy

text: In 1968, at the feminist Miss America protest, symbolically feminine products were thrown into a "Freedom Trash Can". These included copies of "Playboy" and "Cosmopolitan" magazines. One of the key pamphlets produced by the protesters was "No More Miss America!", by Robin Morgan, which listed 10 characteristics of the Miss America pageant that the authors believed degraded women; it compared the pageant to "Playboy"s centerfold as sisters under the skin, describing this as "The Unbeatable Madonna–Whore Combination".


title: Playboy

text: Macauley contributed all of the popular "Ribald Classics" series published between January 1978 and March 1984.


title: Playboy

text: After reaching its peak in the 1970s, "Playboy" saw a decline in circulation and cultural relevance due to competition in the field it founded—first from "Penthouse," then from "Oui" (which was published as a spin-off of "Playboy") and "Gallery" in the 1970s; later from pornographic videos; and more recently from lad mags such as "Maxim," "FHM," and "Stuff." In response, "Playboy" attempted to re-assert its hold on the 18–35-year-old male demographic through slight changes to content and focusing on issues and personalities more appropriate to its audience—such as hip-hop artists being featured in the ""Playboy" Interview".


title: Playboy

text: Christie Hefner, daughter of founder Hugh Hefner, joined "Playboy" in 1975 and became head of the company in 1988. She announced in December 2008 that she would be stepping down from leading the company, effective in January 2009, and said that the election of Barack Obama as the next President had inspired her to give more time to charitable work, and that the decision to step down was her own. "Just as this country is embracing change in the form of new leadership, I have decided that now is the time to make changes in my own life as well", she said. Hefner was succeeded by company director and media veteran Jerome H. Kern as interim CEO, who was in turn succeeded by publisher Scott Flanders.


title: Playboy

text: The magazine celebrated its 50th anniversary with the January 2004 issue. Celebrations were held at Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York, and Moscow during the year to commemorate this event. "Playboy" also launched limited-edition products designed by fashion houses such as Versace, Vivienne Westwood and Sean John. As a homage to the magazine's 50th anniversary, MAC Cosmetics released two limited-edition products, namely a lipstick and a glitter cream.


title: Playboy

text: The printed magazine ran several annual features and ratings. One of the most popular was its annual ranking of the top "party schools" among all U.S. universities and colleges. In 2009, the magazine used five criteria: bikini, brains, campus, sex and sports in the development of its list. The top-ranked party school by "Playboy" for 2009 was the University of Miami.


title: Playboy

text: In June 2009, the magazine reduced its publication schedule to 11 issues per year, with a combined July/August issue. On August 11, 2009, London's "Daily Telegraph" newspaper reported that Hugh Hefner had sold his English manor house (next door to the Playboy Mansion in Los Angeles) for $18 m ($10 m less than the reported asking price) to another American, Daren Metropoulos, the President and co-owner of Pabst Blue Ribbon, and that due to significant losses in the company's value (down from $1 billion in 2000 to $84 million in 2009), the Playboy publishing empire was for sale for $300 million. In December 2009, the publication schedule was reduced to 10 issues per year, with a combined January/February issue.


title: Playboy

text: On July 12, 2010, Playboy Enterprises Inc. announced Hefner's $5.50 per share offer ($122.5 million based on shares outstanding on April 30 and the closing price on July 9) to buy the portion of the company he did not already own and take the company private with the help of Rizvi Traverse Management LLC. The company derived much of its income from licensing, rather than from the magazine. On July 15, "Penthouse" owner FriendFinder Networks Inc. offered $210 million (the company is valued at $185 million), though Hefner, who already owned 70 percent of voting stock, did not want to sell. In January 2011, the publisher of "Playboy" magazine agreed to an offer by Hefner to take the company private for $6.15 per share, an 18 percent premium over the price of the last previous day of trading. The buyout was completed in March 2011.


title: Playboy

text: In October 2015, "Playboy" announced the magazine would no longer feature full-frontal nudity beginning with the March 2016 issue. Company CEO Scott Flanders acknowledged the magazine's inability to compete with freely available internet pornography and nudity; according to him, "You're now one click away from every sex act imaginable for free. And so it's just passé at this juncture". Hefner agreed with the decision. The redesigned "Playboy", however, would still feature a Playmate of the Month and pictures of women, but they would be rated as not appropriate for children under 13. The move would not affect PlayboyPlus.com (which features nudity at a paid subscription). Josh Horwitz of "Quartz" argued that the motivation for the decision to remove nudity from the magazine was to give Playboy Licensing a less inappropriate image in India and China, where the brand is a popular item on apparel and thus generates significant revenue.


title: Playboy

text: Among other changes to the magazine included ending the popular jokes section and the various cartoons that appeared throughout the magazine. The redesign eliminated the use of jump copy (articles continuing on non-consecutive pages), which in turn eliminated most of the space for cartoons. Hefner, himself a former cartoonist, reportedly resisted dropping the cartoons more than the nudity, but ultimately obliged. "Playboy"s plans were to market itself as a competitor to "Vanity Fair", as opposed to more traditional competitors "GQ" and "Maxim".


title: Playboy

text: "Playboy" announced in February 2017, however, that the dropping of nudity had been a mistake and furthermore, for its March/April issue, reestablished some of its franchises, including the Playboy Philosophy and Party Jokes, but dropped the subtitle "Entertainment for Men", inasmuch as gender roles have evolved. The announcement was made by the company's chief creative officer on Twitter with the hashtag #NakedIsNormal.


title: Playboy

text: In early 2018, and according to Jim Puzzanghera of the "Los Angeles Times", "Playboy" was reportedly "considering killing the print magazine", as the publication "has lost as much as $7 million annually in recent years". However, in the July/August 2018 issue a reader asked if the print magazine would discontinue, and "Playboy" responded that it was not going anywhere.


title: Playboy

text: Following Hefner's death, and his family's financial stake in the company, the magazine changed direction. In 2019, "Playboy" was relaunched as a quarterly publication without adverts. Topics covered included an interview with Tarana Burke, a profile of Pete Buttigieg, coverage of BDSM and a cover photo representing gender and sexual fluidity.


title: Playboy

text: In March 2020, Ben Kohn, CEO of Playboy Enterprises, announced that the Spring 2020 issue would be the last regularly scheduled printed issue and that the magazine would now publish its content online. The decision to close the print edition was attributed in part to the COVID-19 pandemic which interfered with distribution of the magazine.


title: Playboy

text: In autumn 2020, Playboy announced a reverse merger deal with Mountain Crest Acquisition Corp.—a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC). In February 2021, the stock of a combined company, PLBY Group, began trading on the Nasdaq exchange as “PLBY.”


title: Playboy

text: In 1971, "Playboy" had a circulation rate base of seven million, which was its high point. The best-selling individual issue was the November 1972 edition, which sold 7,161,561 copies. One-quarter of all American college men were buying or subscribing to the magazine every month. On the cover was model Pam Rawlings, photographed by Rowland Scherman. Perhaps coincidentally, a cropped image of the issue's centerfold (which featured Lena Söderberg) became a de facto standard image for testing image processing algorithms. It is known simply as the "Lenna" (also "Lena") image in that field. In 1972, "Playboy" was the ninth highest circulation magazine in the United States.


title: Playboy

text: The 1975 average circulation was 5.6 million; by 1981 it was 5.2 million, and by 1982 down to 4.9 million. Its decline continued in later decades, and reached about 800,000 copies per issue in late 2015, and 400,000 copies by December 2017.


title: Playboy

text: In 1970, "Playboy" became the first gentleman's magazine to be printed in braille. It is also one of the few magazines whose microfilm format was in color, not black and white.


title: Playboy

text: "Playboy"s enduring mascot, a stylized silhouette of a rabbit wearing a tuxedo bow tie, was created by "Playboy" art director Art Paul for the second issue as an endnote, but was adopted as the official logo and has appeared ever since. A running joke in the magazine involves hiding the logo somewhere in the cover art or photograph. Hefner said he chose the rabbit for its "humorous sexual connotation", and because the image was "frisky and playful". In an interview Hefner explained his choice of a rabbit as "Playboy"s logo to the Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci:


title: Playboy

text: The jaunty rabbit quickly became a popular symbol of extroverted male culture, becoming a lucrative source of merchandizing revenue for the company. In the 1950s, it was adopted as the military aircraft insignia for the Navy's VX-4 fighter-evaluation squadron.


title: Playboy

text: Besides its centerfold, a major part of "Playboy" for much of its existence has been the "Playboy" Interview, an extensive (usually several thousand-word) discussion between a publicly known individual and an interviewer. Writer Alex Haley served as a "Playboy" interviewer on a few occasions; one of his interviews was with Martin Luther King Jr.; he also interviewed Malcolm X and American Nazi Party founder George Lincoln Rockwell. The magazine interviewed then-presidential candidate Jimmy Carter in the November 1976 issue, in which he stated "I've committed adultery in my heart many times." David Sheff's interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono appeared in the January 1981 issue, which was on newsstands at the time of Lennon's murder; the interview was later published in book format.


title: Playboy

text: Another interview-type section, entitled "20Q" (a play on the game of Twenty Questions), was added in October 1978. Cheryl Tiegs was the first interviewee for the section.


title: Playboy

text: "Rock the Rabbit" was an annual music news and pictorial feature published in the March edition. The pictorial featured images of rock bands photographed by music photographer Mick Rock. Fashion designers participated in the Rock the Rabbit event by designing T-shirts inspired by "Playboy"s rabbit head logo for each band. The shirts were sold at "Playboy"s retailers and auctioned off to raise money for AIDS research and treatment at LIFEbeat: The Music Industry Fights AIDS. Bands who were featured include: MGMT, Daft Punk, Iggy Pop, Duran Duran, Flaming Lips, Snow Patrol, and The Killers.


title: Playboy

text: The photographers who have contributed to "Playboy" include Ken Marcus, Richard Fegley, Arny Freytag, Ron Harris, Tom Kelley, David Mecey, Russ Meyer, Pompeo Posar, Suze Randall, Herb Ritts, Stephen Wayda, Sam Wu, Mario Casilli, Ana Dias, Ellen von Unwerth, Annie Leibovitz, Helmut Newton, and Bunny Yeager.


title: Playboy

text: Many celebrities (singers, actresses, models, etc.) have posed for "Playboy" over the years. This list is only a small portion of those who have posed. Some of them are:


title: Playboy

text: The success of "Playboy" magazine has led PEI to market other versions of the magazine, the "Special Edition"s (formerly called "Newsstand Special"s), such as "Playboy's College Girls" and "Playboy's Book of Lingerie", as well as the "Playboy" video collection.


title: Playboy

text: The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) has published a braille edition of "Playboy" since 1970. The braille version includes all the written words in the non-braille magazine, but no pictorial representations. Congress cut off funding for the braille magazine translation in 1985, but U.S. District Court Judge Thomas Hogan reversed the decision on First Amendment grounds.


title: Playboy

text: The growth of the Internet prompted the magazine to develop an official internet presence called "Playboy" Online in the late 1980s. The company launched Playboy.com, the official website for Playboy Enterprises and an online companion to "Playboy" magazine, in 1994. As part of the online presence, Playboy developed a pay web site called the "Playboy Cyber Club" in 1995 which features online chats, additional pictorials, videos of Playmates and Playboy Cyber Girls that are not featured in the magazine. Archives of past "Playboy" articles and interviews are also included. In September 2005, "Playboy" began publishing a digital version of the magazine.


title: Playboy

text: In 2010, Playboy introduced "The Smoking Jacket", a safe-for-work website designed to appeal to young men, while avoiding nude images or key words that would cause the site to be filtered or otherwise prohibited in the workplace.


title: Playboy

text: In May 2011, Playboy introduced iplayboy.com, a complete, uncensored version of its near-700 issue archive, targeting the Apple iPad. By launching the archive as a web app, Playboy was able to circumvent both Apple's App Store content restrictions and their 30% subscription fee.


title: Playboy

text: On January 14, 2004, the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that Playboy Enterprises Inc.'s trademark terms "Playboy" and "Playmate" should be protected in the situation where a user typing "Playboy" or "Playmate" in a browser search was instead shown advertisements of companies that competed with PEI. This decision reversed an earlier district court ruling. The suit started on April 15, 1999, when Playboy sued Excite Inc. and Netscape for trademark infringement.


title: Playboy

text: Many in the American religious community opposed the publication of "Playboy". The Louisiana pastor and author L. L. Clover wrote in his 1974 treatise, "Evil Spirits, Intellectualism and Logic", that "Playboy" encouraged young men to view themselves as "pleasure-seeking individuals for whom sex is fun and women are play things."


title: Playboy

text: In many parts of Asia, including India, mainland China, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Brunei, sale and distribution of "Playboy" is banned. In addition, sale and distribution is banned in most Muslim countries (except Lebanon and Turkey) including Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan. Despite the ban on the magazine in these countries, the official "Playboy" brand itself can still appear on various merchandise, such as perfume and deodorants.


title: Playboy

text: While banned in mainland China, the magazine is sold in Hong Kong. In Japan, where genitals of models cannot be shown, a separate edition was published under license by Shueisha. An Indonesian edition was launched in April 2006, but controversy started before the first issue hit the stands. Though the publisher said the content of the Indonesian edition will be different from the original edition, the government tried to ban it by using anti-pornography rules. A Muslim organization, the Islamic Defenders Front (IDF), opposed "Playboy" on the grounds of pornography. On April 12, about 150 IDF members clashed with police and stoned the editorial offices. Despite this, the edition quickly sold out. On April 6, 2007, the chief judge of the case dismissed the charges because they had been incorrectly filed.


title: Playboy

text: In 1986, the American convenience store chain 7-Eleven removed the magazine. The store returned "Playboy" to its shelves in late 2003. 7-Eleven had also been selling "Penthouse" and other similar magazines before the ban.


title: Playboy

text: In 1995, "Playboy" was returned to shelves in the Republic of Ireland after a 36-year ban, despite staunch opposition from many women's groups.


title: Playboy

text: "Playboy" was not sold in the state of Queensland, Australia during 2004 and 2005, but returned as of 2006. Due to declining sales, the last Australia-wide edition of "Playboy" was the January 2000 issue.


title: Playboy

text: In 2013, "Playboy" was cleared by the Pentagon of violating its rule against selling sexually explicit material on military property, but the base exchanges stopped selling it anyway.


title: Playboy

text: In March 2018, Playboy announced that they would be deactivating their Facebook accounts, due to the "sexually repressive" nature of the social media platform and their mismanagement of user data resulting from the Cambridge Analytica problem.


title: Cancel culture

text: Cancel culture or call-out culture is a phrase contemporary to the late 2010s and early 2020s used to refer to a form of ostracism in which someone is thrust out of social or professional circles—whether it be online, on social media, or in person. Those subject to this ostracism are said to have been "cancelled". The expression "cancel culture" has mostly negative connotations, and is used in debates on free speech and censorship. The notion of cancel culture is a variant on the term "call-out culture". It is often said to take the form of boycotting or shunning an individual, often a celebrity, who is deemed to have acted or spoken in an unacceptable manner.


title: Cancel culture

text: Some critics argue that cancel culture has a chilling effect on public discourse, is unproductive, does not bring real social change, causes intolerance, and amounts to cyberbullying. Others argue that calls for "cancellation" are themselves a form of free speech, and that they promote accountability, give disenfranchised people a voice, and is questioned as an actual phenomenon, in that they are simply another form of boycotting. While the careers of some public figures have been impacted by cancellation, others say they have been cancelled but continue their careers as before.


title: Cancel culture

text: "Call-out culture" has been in use as part of the #MeToo movement. The #MeToo movement encouraged women (and men) to call out their abusers on a forum where the accusations would be heard, especially against very powerful individuals. Additionally, the Black Lives Matter Movement, which seeks to highlight inequalities, racism and discrimination in the black community, repeatedly called out black men being killed by police.


title: Cancel culture

text: In March 2014, activist Suey Park called out "a blatantly racist tweet about Asians" from the official Twitter account of "The Colbert Report" using the hashtag #cancelColbert, which generated widespread outrage against Stephen Colbert and an even greater amount of backlash against Park, even though the "Colbert Report" tweet was a satirical tweet. By around 2015, the concept of canceling had become widespread on Black Twitter to refer to a personal decision, sometimes seriously and sometimes in jest, to stop supporting a person or work. According to Jonah Engel Bromwich of "The New York Times", this usage of the word "cancellation" indicates the "total disinvestment in something (anything)". After numerous cases of online shaming gained wide notoriety, the term "cancellation" was increasingly used to describe a widespread, outraged, online response to a single provocative statement, against a single target. Over time, as isolated instances of cancellation became more frequent and the mob mentality more apparent, commentators began seeing a "culture" of outrage and cancellation.


title: Cancel culture

text: The phrase "cancel culture" gained popularity since late 2019, most often as a recognition that society will exact accountability for offensive conduct. Into the 2020s, the phrase has become a shorthand employed by conservatives in the United States to refer to what are perceived to be disproportionate reactions to politically incorrect speech. In 2020, Ligaya Mishan wrote in "The New York Times", "The term is shambolically applied to incidents both online and off that range from vigilante justice to hostile debate to stalking, intimidation and harassment. ... Those who embrace the idea (if not the precise language) of canceling seek more than pat apologies and retractions, although it's not always clear whether the goal is to right a specific wrong or redress a larger imbalance of power."


title: Cancel culture

text: The 1981 Chic album "Take It Off" includes the song "Your Love Is Cancelled", which compares a breakup to the cancellation of TV shows. The song was written by Nile Rodgers following a bad date Rodgers had with a woman who expected him to misuse his celebrity status on her behalf. "Your Love Is Cancelled" inspired screenwriter Barry Michael Cooper to include a reference to a woman being cancelled in the 1991 film "New Jack City". This usage introduced the term to African-American Vernacular English, where it eventually became more common.


title: Cancel culture

text: An article written by Pippa Norris, a professor at Harvard University, states that the controversies surrounding cancel culture are between the ones who argue it gives a voice to those in marginalized communities, while the opposing side argues cancel culture is dangerous because it prevents free speech and/or the opportunity for open debate. Norris emphasizes the role of social media in contributing to the rise of cancel culture. Additionally, online communications studies have demonstrated the intensification of cultural wars through activists that are connected through digital and social networking sites. Norris also mentions that the spiral of silence theory may be a contributing factor as to why people are hesitant to voice their own minority views on social media sites in fear that their views and opinions, specifically political opinions, will be chastised because their views violate the majority group's norms and understanding.


title: Cancel culture

text: In the book "The Coddling of the American Mind" (2018), social psychologist Jonathan Haidt and free-speech activist Greg Lukianoff argue that call-out culture arises on college campuses from what they term "safetyism"—a moral culture in which people are unwilling to make tradeoffs demanded by the practical or moral concerns of others. Keith Hampton, professor of media studies at Michigan State University, contends that the practice contributes to political polarization in the United States but does not lead to changes in opinion. Cancel culture has been described by media studies scholar Eve Ng as "a collective of typically marginalized voices 'calling out' and emphatically expressing their censure of a powerful figure." Cultural studies scholar Frances E. Lee states that call-out culture leads to self-policing of "wrong, oppressive, or inappropriate" opinions. According to Lisa Nakamura, University of Michigan professor of media studies, canceling someone is a form of "cultural boycott" and cancel culture is the "ultimate expression of agency" which is "born of a desire for control [as] people have limited power over what is presented to them on social media" and a need for "accountability which is not centralized".


title: Cancel culture

text: Some academics proposed alternatives and improvements to cancel culture. Critical multiculturalism professor Anita Bright proposed "calling in" rather than "calling out" in order to bring forward the former's idea of accountability but in a more "humane, humble, and bridge-building" light. Clinical counsellor Anna Richards, who specializes in conflict mediation, says that "learning to analyze our own motivations when offering criticism" helps call-out culture work productively. Professor Joshua Knobe, of the Philosophy Department at Yale, contends that public denunciation is not effective, and that society is too quick to pass judgement against those they view as public offenders or "persona non grata". Knobe says that these actions have the opposite effect on individuals, and that it is best to bring attention to the positive actions in which most of society participates.


title: Cancel culture

text: The expression "cancel culture" has mostly negative connotations and is used in debates on free speech and censorship.


title: Cancel culture

text: Former US President Barack Obama warned against social media call-out culture, saying: "People who do really good stuff have flaws. People who you are fighting may love their kids and, you know, share certain things with you." Former US President Donald Trump criticized cancel culture in a speech in July 2020, comparing it to totalitarianism and saying that it is a political weapon used to punish and shame dissenters by driving them from their jobs and demanding submission. He was criticized as being hypocritical for having attempted to cancel a number of people and companies in the past himself. Trump made similar claims during the 2020 Republican National Convention when he stated that the goal of cancel culture is to make decent Americans live in fear of being fired, expelled, shamed, humiliated, and driven from society.


title: Cancel culture

text: Pope Francis said that cancel culture is "a form of ideological colonization, one that leaves no room for freedom of expression", saying that it "ends up cancelling all sense of identity". Patrisse Khan-Cullors, the co-founder of the Black Lives Matter movement, states that social activism does not just involve going online or going to a protest to call someone out, but is work entailing strategy sessions, meetings, and getting petitions signed


title: Cancel culture

text: Some argue that cancel culture does have its benefits, such as allowing less powerful people to have a voice, helps marginalized people hold others accountable when the justice system doesn't work, and cancelling is a tool to bring about social change. Lisa Nakamura, a professor at the University of Michigan, describes cancel culture as "a cultural boycott" and says it provides a culture of accountability. Meredith Clark, an assistant professor at the University of Virginia, states that cancel culture gives power to disenfranchised voices. Osita Nwanevu, a staff writer for "The New Republic", states that people are threatened by cancel culture because it is a new group of young progressives, minorities, and women who have "obtained a seat at the table" and are debating matters of justice and etiquette.


title: Cancel culture

text: Dalvin Brown, writing in "USA Today", has described an open letter signed by 153 public figures and published in "Harper's Magazine" as marking a "high point" in the debate on the topic. The letter set out arguments against "an intolerance of opposing views, a vogue for public shaming and ostracism, and the tendency to dissolve complex policy issues in a blinding moral certainty."


title: Cancel culture

text: A response letter organized by lecturer Arionne Nettles, "A More Specific Letter on Justice and Open Debate", was signed by over 160 people in academia and media. It criticized the "Harper's" letter as a plea to end cancel culture by successful professionals with large platforms who wanted to exclude others who have been "cancelled for generations.” The writers ultimately stated that the "Harper's" letter was intended to further silence already marginalized people. They wrote: "It reads as a caustic reaction to a diversifying industry — one that's starting to challenge diversifying norms that have protected bigotry."


title: Cancel culture

text: A survey conducted on 10,000 Americans by Pew Research Center asked a series of different questions in regard to cancel culture, specifically on who has heard of the term cancel culture and how Americans define cancel culture. In September 2020, 44% of Americans said that they have at least heard a fair amount about the new phrase, while 22% have heard a great deal and 32% said they have heard nothing at all. 43% Americans aged 18–29 have heard a great deal about cancel culture, compared to only 12% of Americans over the age of 65 who say they have heard a great deal. Additionally, within that same study, the 44% of Americans who had heard a great deal about cancel culture, were then asked how they defined cancel culture. 49% of those Americans state that it describes actions people take to hold others accountable, 14% describe cancel culture as censorship of speech or history, and 12% define it as mean-spirited actions taken to cause others harm. It was found that men were more likely to have heard or know of cancel culture, and that those who identify with the Democratic Party (46%) are more likely to know the term than those in the Republican Party (44%).


title: Cancel culture

text: A poll of American registered voters conducted by Morning Consult in July 2020 showed that cancel culture, defined as "the practice of withdrawing support for (or canceling) public figures and companies after they have done or said something considered objectionable or offensive", was common: 40% of respondents said they had withdrawn support from public figures and companies, including on social media, because they had done or said something considered objectionable or offensive, with 8% having engaged in this often. Behavior differed according to age, with a majority (55%) of voters 18 to 34 years old saying they have taken part in cancel culture, while only about a third (32%) of voters over 65 said they had joined a social media pile-on. Attitude towards the practice was mixed, with 44% of respondents saying they disapproved of cancel culture, 32% who approved, and 24% who did not know or had no opinion. Furthermore, 46% believed cancel culture had gone too far, with only 10% thinking it had not gone far enough. Additionally, 53% believed that people should expect social consequences for expressing unpopular opinions in public, such as those that may be construed as deeply offensive to other people.


title: Cancel culture

text: A March 2021 poll by the Harvard Center for American Political Studies and the Harris Poll found that 64% of respondents viewed "a growing cancel culture" as a threat to their freedom, while the other 36% did not. 36% of respondents said that cancel culture is a big problem, 32% called it a moderate problem, 20% called it a small problem, and 13% said it is not a problem. 54% said they were concerned that if they expressed their opinions online, they would be banned or fired, while the other 46% said they were not concerned.


title: Cancel culture

text: A November 2021 Hill/HarrisX poll found that 71% of registered voters strongly or somewhat felt that cancel culture went too far, with similar numbers of Republicans (76%), Democrats (70%), and independents (68%) saying so. The same poll found that 69% of registered voters felt that cancel culture unfairly punishes people for their past actions or statements, compared to 31% who said it did not. Republicans were more likely to agree with the statement (79%), compared to Democrats (65%) and independents (64%).


title: Cancel culture

text: A number of professors, politicians, journalists, and activists question the validity of cancel culture as an actual phenomenon. Connor Garel, writing for "Vice", states that cancel culture "rarely has any tangible or meaningful effect on the lives and comfortability of the cancelled." Danielle Kurtzleben, a political reporter for NPR, wrote in 2021 that overuse of the phrase "cancel culture" in American politics, particularly by Republicans, has made it "arguably background noise". Per Kurtzleben and others, the term has undergone semantic bleaching to lose its original meaning.


title: Cancel culture

text: Historian C. J. Coventry argues that the term has been incorrectly applied, and that it more accurately reflects the propensity of people to hide historical instances of injustice. Another historian, David Olusoga, made a similar argument, and said it is not limited to the left. Indigenous governance professor and activist Pamela Palmater writes in "Maclean's" magazine that cancel culture differs from accountability; her article covers the public backlash surrounding Canadian politicians who vacationed during COVID-19, despite pandemic restrictions forbidding such behavior. Former US Secretary of Labor Eugene Scalia says that cancel culture is a form of free speech, and is therefore protected under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. According to Scalia, cancel culture can interfere with the right to counsel, as some lawyers would not be willing to risk their personal and professional reputation on controversial topics.


title: Cancel culture

text: Sarah Manavis wrote for the "New Statesman" magazine that while free speech advocates are more likely to make accusations of "cancel culture", criticism is part of free speech and rarely results in consequences for those in power who are criticized. She argues that social media is an extension and reincarnation of a longer tradition of expression in a liberal society, "a new space for historical power structures to be solidified" and that online criticism by people who do not hold actual power in society tends to not affect existing power structures. She adds that most prominent people who criticized public opinion as canceling still have highly profitable businesses and concludes by saying, "So even if you fear the monster under the bed, it will never do you harm. It can't, because it was never there in the first place. Repercussions rarely come for those in power. Why punch down, when you've already won?"


title: Cancel culture

text: Some media commentators including LeVar Burton and Sunny Hostin have stated that "cancel culture" should be renamed "consequence culture". The terms have different connotations: "cancel culture" focusing on the effect whereby discussion is limited by a desire to maintain one certain viewpoint, whereas "consequence culture" focuses on the idea that those who write or publish opinions or make statements should bear some responsibility for the effects of these on people.


title: Cancel culture

text: The American animated television series "South Park" mocked cancel culture with its own "#CancelSouthPark" campaign; in promotion of the show's twenty-second season (2018). In the season's third episode, "The Problem with a Poo", there are references to the 2017 documentary "The Problem with Apu", the cancellation of "Roseanne" after a controversial tweet by Roseanne Barr, and the Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination. In 2019, cancel culture was a primary theme in the stand-up comedy show "Sticks & Stones" by Dave Chappelle.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Sophia Anna Bush Hughes (born July 8, 1982) is an American actress. She starred as Brooke Davis in The WB/CW drama series "One Tree Hill" (2003–2012), and as Erin Lindsay in the NBC police procedural drama series "Chicago P.D." (2014–2017). She was a producer for and starred in the lead role of Dr. Samantha "Sam" Griffith in the medical drama "Good Sam" (2022).


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush has also appeared in films, including "John Tucker Must Die" (2006), "The Hitcher" (2007), "The Narrows" (2008), "Chalet Girl" (2011), "Marshall" (2017), "Acts of Violence" (2018), and "Incredibles 2" (2018). She is also known for her philanthropy work and social activism, including her work for the Time's Up movement and DoSomething.org.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush was born in Pasadena, California, the only child of Maureen Searson and Charles William Bush. Her mother runs a photography studio, and her father is an advertising and beauty photographer. She graduated from Westridge School for Girls in 2000, where she was a member of the volleyball team. At Westridge, she was required to participate in the theater arts program. Bush stated: "Part of my school's requirement was to do a play. I was really irritated because I wanted to play volleyball and I had to go and do this play. But there was a moment after the performance when I realized I had gone and been somebody else. I thought, 'If I could do this for the rest of my life, I am set.' It was like love at first sight." At age 17, Bush was named the Tournament of Roses Parade Queen.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush made her first film appearance in the 2002 film "National Lampoon's Van Wilder" opposite Ryan Reynolds. Following this, she made appearances in several television shows, including "Nip/Tuck", "Sabrina the Teenage Witch", and the HBO film "Point of Origin". In 2002, Bush was cast as Kate Brewster in "", though she was replaced by Claire Danes after a week of filming. Jonathan Mostow, the director of the film, stated that he had replaced her as he felt she was too young for the role, but praised her talent as an actress.


title: Sophia Bush

text: In 2003, Bush was cast as Brooke Davis in the WB television series "One Tree Hill". After Bush gained mainstream fame, she became a spokesperson for high-profile brands. She has posed on the cover of several mainstream magazines, including "Entertainment Weekly", "Lucky", "Maxim", "Glamour", "InStyle", and "Zooey Magazine". She has also had several endorsement deals, including for Ocean Pacific clothing. Bush and her "One Tree Hill" co-stars were endorsers for MasterCard, Kmart, Chevy Cobalt and Cingular Wireless. She directed three episodes of the series, including the penultimate episode of the ninth and final season.


title: Sophia Bush

text: In July 2006, Bush co-starred in the 20th Century Fox comedy film "John Tucker Must Die", directed by Betty Thomas, opposite Brittany Snow and Jesse Metcalfe. The film was a commercial success, grossing over $60 million worldwide. That same year, she also starred in Buena Vista Pictures' supernatural thriller "Stay Alive" alongside Jon Foster, Frankie Muniz, and Adam Goldberg. The film, the first to be released by Hollywood Pictures in five years, opened at number three in the U.S. box office. She played Grace Andrews in the 2007 remake of the classic horror film "The Hitcher", starring opposite Sean Bean. In 2008, Bush co-starred alongside Kevin Zegers and Vincent D'Onofrio in François Velle's independent film "The Narrows", playing Kathy Popovich. Based on Tim McLoughlin's novel "Heart of the Old Country", the film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2008.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Three years later, she co-starred in the British romantic comedy film "Chalet Girl", which was released in February 2011. In February 2012, it was reported that Bush had joined the cast of the upcoming CBS sitcom "Partners". Premiering on September 24, 2012, the series ran for a single season until November, when it was announced that the series had been canceled after six episodes. The remaining seven episodes of the series' initial thirteen-episode order remain unaired in the United States, though they were later aired by various international outlets. In 2013, Bush starred in Passion Pit's "Carried Away" music video, which debuted on February 14. That same year, she was cast in a main role in the television pilot "Hatfields & McCoys", but the project failed to be picked up to series.


title: Sophia Bush

text: In August 2013, Bush joined the cast of "Chicago P.D." as Det. Erin Lindsay. The series premiered on January 8, 2014. She left the series after four seasons. In December 2018, she cited "abusive behavior" as the reason for leaving the show. Bush also frequently appeared on the first and third "Chicago" franchise series, "Chicago Fire" and "Chicago Med" respectively.


title: Sophia Bush

text: In 2018, Bush provided the voice of Voyd, an aspiring superhero, in Pixar's film, "Incredibles 2", the sequel to 2004's "The Incredibles".


title: Sophia Bush

text: In 2020, Bush appeared as Veronica in four episodes of the first season of "Love, Victor" on Hulu. In 2021, she started a podcast with "One Tree Hill" co-stars, Hilarie Burton and Bethany Joy Lenz, titled "Drama Queens".


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush became engaged to her "One Tree Hill" co-star Chad Michael Murray in May 2004, and they married on April 16, 2005, in Santa Monica, California. After five months of marriage, Bush and Murray announced their separation in September 2005. In February 2006, Bush filed papers for an annullment, citing fraud. Bush's petition was denied, and she and Murray were instead granted a divorce in December 2006. On her divorce, Bush later said: "It devastates me now that I have been reduced to a Hollywood statistic – another joke marriage. I never expected to be married more than once...because I knew what I was getting into and will always believe in love." In a January 2014 episode of "", she stated: "We were two stupid kids who had no business being in a relationship in the first place. To all the other co-stars who've worked it out, more power to you." She then dated her "Stay Alive" co-star Jon Foster from 2006 to 2007 and remained friends after the split, citing that the breakup had taught her a valuable lesson about the difference of love and being in love.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush's second cousin was nine-year-old Christina Green, who was among those killed in the Tucson shooting rampage in 2011 that left then Rep. Gabrielle Giffords critically wounded. Bush later revealed they had never met but were planning on it as Bush had attended Green's parents wedding.


title: Sophia Bush

text: From 2008 to 2009, Bush dated her "One Tree Hill" co-star James Lafferty. Bush also dated actor Austin Nichols, confirming in May 2010 that they had been dating on and off for four years. Nichols took the role of Julian Baker on "One Tree Hill" to be with Bush and she ended their relationship in 2012. Bush began dating Dan Fredinburg, a program manager for Google, in January 2013 to February 2014, citing the strains of their long-distance relationship as the cause of separation. Bush and Fredinburg remained friends afterward, noting that his death in 2015 significantly impacted her. Bush was also in a relationship with her "Chicago P.D." co-star Jesse Lee Soffer from 2014 to 2016. She began dating businessman Grant Hughes in May 2020 and announced their engagement in August 2021 via Instagram. The couple married on June 11, 2022 at Philbrook Museum of Art in Tulsa, Oklahoma.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush uses Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and her blog to raise awareness of world events and fundraisers in which she takes part. She is a part of fundraisers such as Fuck Cancer, Run for the Gulf, and Global Green Gulf Relief and has been involved in political issues, including her support for Barack Obama's candidacy for president in the 2008 election. In February 2008, she made several appearances in Texas in support of the Obama campaign in the Democratic presidential primary election. Bush was joined in Dallas, Fort Worth, and Waco by fellow actor Adam Rodríguez. Touring mostly college campuses, they urged young voters to get involved politically.


title: Sophia Bush

text: In April 2009, along with stars Sarah Chalke, Jason Lewis, Alicia Silverstone, Jane Lynch, and Lance Bass, Bush appeared in the Funny or Die video "A Gaythering Storm", which parodied a National Organization for Marriage video objecting to same-sex marriage. Bush is a staunch supporter of gay rights and, in May 2009, she showed up at a rally in protest of Proposition 8. She carried a sign stating, "I DO support the freedom to marry", and a shirt which had the words "Legalize Gay" across it. In an interview in January 2012, Bush said about the 2012 Republican candidates: "I will not vote for a candidate who thinks you can 'pray away the gay,' I will not vote for a candidate who thinks that he has more rights to my uterus than I do, I will not vote for a candidate who thinks that it's okay to dump toxic waste in the ocean. I'm afraid for our country that people like this could even be thought of as the president. I live in a country where I believe all men are created equal, not just wealthy white guys. I believe all men, all women, regardless of race, gender, socioeconomic background, you deserve the same rights." In June 2016, the Human Rights Campaign released a video in tribute to the victims of the Orlando nightclub shooting; in the video, Bush and others told the stories of the people killed there.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush set up a fundraiser intended to help people living in the area of the Gulf of Mexico affected by the environmental disaster of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on April 20, 2010. The actress has visited Louisiana and testified in interviews of the horror she felt when she visited those places. The fundraiser is on the Internet through crowdsourcing website Crowdrise.com. The actress, to support the fundraiser, announced that she would be running a half marathon that following November, despite having asthma and a year-old knee injury. Bush has additionally teamed up with Do Something to raise more environmental awareness among teens. She was chosen as the spokesperson to endorse the launch of eMission, a Facebook game with the social mission to engage America's youth in fighting climate change created through the joint efforts of Do Something and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Energy Star program.


title: Sophia Bush

text: In 2011, Bush won the Do Something Twitter Award for having spread the word via her Twitter account on how her followers could help with the cleanup after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. She was voted "Fan Favorite" by Facebook users on DoSomething.org. In 2011, Bush also became involved in the Pencils of Promise organization, which builds schools and increases educational opportunities in the developing world. In December 2011, Bush competed with other stars in the Mozilla Firefox Challenge, a one-month fundraising contest whose winner is granted $25,000 to put toward a favorite cause; she won the contest in January 2012. In April 2013, Bush took part in Global Poverty Project's "Live Below the Line" campaign, which consists in living on $1.50 a day to raise awareness of extreme poverty around the world.


title: Sophia Bush

text: In 2013, Bush hosted a Prizeo campaign to raise funds for one of her favorite causes, I Am that Girl. As part of the campaign, Bush offered donors a grand prize of the opportunity to skydive with her. In 2014, Bush's foreword to Alexis Jones' debut novel "I Am that Girl" was released and distributed by accessories retailer Claire's. In 2016, Bush was named to Oprah's "SuperSoul 100" list of visionaries and influential leaders.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush is a founding member of the movement Time's Up. Two of her contributions include creating a clothing line benefiting Planned Parenthood and giving a speech at the Women's March on January 20, 2018. Sophia is also constantly using her social media platforms, such as Twitter, encouraging people to participate in the ongoing activism opportunities around the world.


title: Sophia Bush

text: In the 2018 fight over the nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court, Bush was supportive of Christine Blasey Ford, and praised her strength throughout the controversy. Bush tweeted, "To everyone saying 'why did they wait? The timing feels suspect,' etc. Just remember Bill Cosby. No one wanted to believe it about him. It was true. And he's going to prison. I'd wager more women victimized by Kavanaugh will come forward. Women feel safety in numbers #TimesUp".


title: Sophia Bush

text: In 2018, Bush helped found a nonpartisan movement with Mandana Dayani that aims to create a cultural shift around voting and civic engagement by unifying around a central truth: democracy works best when we all participate. I Am A Voter has partnered with Disney, NBA, NFL, McDonald's, Stuart Weitzman, and Bumble. Their campaign to boost voter registration included participants Debra Messing, Eric McCormack, Sean Hayes, Gwyneth Paltrow, Robert Downey Jr., Jennifer Aniston, Lisa Kudrow, Courteney Cox, Bush, Hilarie Burton, and Bethany Joy Lenz. According to I Am A Voter, the effort generated over 1 billion digital impressions and 250 media articles upon launch.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush's appearance has often been the subject of media attention. She was ranked #3 on Femme Fatales: The 50 Sexiest Women of 2004 and named #15 on Much Music's 20 Hottest Women of 2004. In April 2007, she ranked No. 90 in the British popular men's magazine "FHM", in their countdown of 100 Sexiest Women of 2007. Subsequently, she ranked No. 89 in the U.S. edition of the same magazine. In May 2007, Bush ranked No. 24 in the "Maxim" Hot 100 List of 2007. She also appeared on the cover of the November 2006 edition of "Maxim" with her "One Tree Hill" co-stars Hilarie Burton and Danneel Harris. She ranked #30 on Maxim's "Hot 100" of 2014 list. She was featured in "People"s "Beautiful at Every Age" and "Most Beautiful" lists for several years.


title: Sophia Bush

text: Bush has been featured in several fashion blogs and magazines, including "CosmoGirl", "Health", "Lucky", "Zooey", "Saturday Night", "Teen People" and "Bello".


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Christian Mate Pulisic (; , ; born September 18, 1998) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a winger or attacking midfielder for club Chelsea and the United States national team. Pulisic is renowned for his dribbling abilities and explosive speed. Because of this, he has been given the nickname "Captain America" by fans and other players.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic began his professional career at German club Borussia Dortmund, where he progressed quickly through the team's youth academy, featuring in only 15 youth games. He was then promoted to the senior team in 2016, at age 17. He featured sparingly in his first season at the club, but his involvement increased dramatically in the following campaign, where he was a mainstay in the Dortmund team that won the 2016–17 DFB-Pokal. In 2018, he finished second in the inaugural Kopa Trophy, given to the best player under age 21.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: In January 2019, Pulisic moved to Chelsea in a transfer worth $73 million (£57.6 million), making him the most expensive North American player of all time, and began playing for the club in the 2019–20 season. At 21 years old he became the youngest Chelsea player to score a hat-trick. During the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League, Pulisic became the youngest Chelsea player and first American to score in the semi-finals. He then became the first American to play in a UEFA Champions League Final, winning the 2021 match.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic played for the United States at under-15 and under-17 levels, before making his senior national team debut in March 2016 at age 17. He is the youngest player ever to captain the United States national team in the modern era. He helped the U.S. to the final of the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup and won the inaugural 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League. Individually, he has won a U.S. Soccer Young Male Athlete of the Year award and three U.S. Soccer Male Athlete of the Year awards.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic was born in Hershey, Pennsylvania, where he spent the majority of his childhood. His parents, Kelley and Mark Pulisic, both played collegiate soccer at George Mason University and his father also played professional indoor soccer for the Harrisburg Heat in the 1990s and later became a coach at both youth and professional levels. Growing up, his soccer idol was Luís Figo.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: While his mother was on a teacher exchange in England through the Fulbright Program, Pulisic lived for a year in Tackley, Oxfordshire. At age seven, he began playing for the youth team of Brackley Town. When his father was general manager of indoor club Detroit Ignition in the mid-2000s, Pulisic lived in Michigan and played for Michigan Rush. While in Michigan, he attended Workman Elementary School.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: After the family returned to the Hershey area, Pulisic grew up playing for local U.S. Soccer Development Academy club PA Classics and occasionally training with local professional club Harrisburg City Islanders, now known as Penn FC, during his teen years. In the summer of 2010, he went on a five-day trial at Chelsea's Cobham base.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On Dec. 13, 2013, he played opposite Brazil at a U17 tournament in Florida. He scored a goal in a 4-1 win. He has stated that this day was a significant milestone for him and the date "12/13/2013" is now tattooed on his arm.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic moved to Germany before his 16th birthday. He became eligible on the premise that his grandfather was Croatian, therefore he could get a European passport and play starting at age 16 rather than 18. He initially had issues getting the passport, but it eventually panned out.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: In February 2015, Borussia Dortmund signed 16-year-old Pulisic and assigned him first to their U17 squad and in summer 2015 to the U19. After scoring 10 goals and assisting eight in just 15 games with the Dortmund youth teams, Pulisic was called to join the first team over winter break.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: In January 2016, while with the first team in the winter break, Pulisic played the second half of two friendly matches, scoring one goal and assisting another. On January 24, a day after making his debut on the first team bench, Pulisic played 90 minutes in a friendly against Union Berlin, scoring a goal and assisting another. He made his Bundesliga debut in a 2–0 win against Ingolstadt on January 30, 2016, coming on as a second-half substitute for Adrián Ramos. On February 18, Pulisic made his UEFA Europa League debut as a second-half substitute in a 2–0 victory against Porto.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic made his first Bundesliga start on February 21, against Bayer Leverkusen, before eventually being substituted for Marco Reus. He made his second Bundesliga start on April 10, against Schalke 04 in the "Revierderby", playing 73 minutes before being replaced by İlkay Gündoğan. In response to Pulisic's performance against Schalke, team manager Thomas Tuchel said, "He's a teenager in his first year of professional football. His first two games in the starting eleven were in Leverkusen and here today in Schalke – not the easiest of tasks. It shows our huge appreciation that we see him as a full time player on our team. He was a valuable substitute against Werder Bremen and Liverpool. He has looked really good recently which has been proved today. It is completely normal that he could not have played with this pace and this intensity for over 90 minutes."


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic scored his first Bundesliga goal for Borussia Dortmund on April 17, opening the scoring in a 3–0 home win against Hamburg. It made him the youngest non-German and fourth-youngest player to score a goal in the Bundesliga, at 17 years and 212 days old. With his goal against VfB Stuttgart on April 23, Pulisic broke another Bundesliga scoring record by becoming the youngest player to score two goals in the top-flight league. The game also marked his first yellow card in the Bundesliga, as a result of a challenge on Emiliano Insúa.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: In the 2016 International Champions Cup friendly pre-season tournament, Pulisic scored in stoppage time against Manchester City to send the clubs into penalties. During his first competitive appearance in his second year with the club, Pulisic became Dortmund's youngest player ever to play in the UEFA Champions League. The following weekend he scored his first goal of the season and provided two assists in a 6–0 victory against Darmstadt 98, one day before his 18th birthday.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: In a September Champions League group stage game against Real Madrid, with Dortmund trailing 2–1, Pulisic came on as a second-half substitute and helped set up André Schürrle's late goal, allowing Dortmund to earn a 2–2 draw. In a substitute appearance on October 22, Pulisic assisted one goal and scored the equalizer against Ingolstadt 04, who were last place at the beginning of the day, to salvage a draw, coming back from 3–1 down.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On January 23, 2017, Pulisic signed a new deal with Dortmund which would keep him at the club until 2020. On March 8, 2017, Pulisic scored his first UEFA Champions League goal in a 4–0 victory over Benfica in the round of 16, making him Dortmund's youngest ever scorer in the competition at the age of 18 years, 5 months, and 18 days. Pulisic also assisted one of Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang's goals in the win, advancing Dortmund to the quarter-finals. On August 5, 2017, Pulisic scored the first goal in the DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On January 2, 2019, Pulisic signed with Premier League club Chelsea for an estimated £58 million transfer fee. The deal also saw him stay at Dortmund on loan for the remainder of the 2018–19 season. This transfer made Pulisic the most expensive American player and Borussia Dortmund's second most expensive sale of all time, behind Ousmane Dembélé. Upon his arrival in the summer, he spoke of his desire to replicate the form shown by Eden Hazard and described the forward as a soccer idol.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On August 11, 2019, Pulisic made his Premier League debut for Chelsea in a 0–4 defeat against Manchester United. Pulisic scored his first goals for Chelsea on October 26, 2019, completing a "perfect" hat-trick in a 4–2 away win against Burnley. The hat-trick was the first of his career, and he became the second American to achieve the feat in the Premier League after Clint Dempsey for Fulham in 2012, as well as the youngest hat-trick scorer in Chelsea's history at the age of 21 years and 38 days. He also became the first Chelsea player to score a perfect hat trick since Didier Drogba in 2010. Pulisic scored in his next two league outings, a 2–1 away victory against Watford and a 2–0 home win over Crystal Palace.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On October 23, 2019, during Champions League 2019–20 matched against Ajax, Pulisic played as a substitute and assisted Michy Batshuayi's late goal 1–0 win. The Belgium striker thumped home fellow substitute Pulisic's low cross with just four minutes remaining at Johan Cruyff Arena to earn the Blues back to back away wins in the competition. He scored his first Champions League goal for Chelsea in a 2–2 draw away to Valencia on November 27.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: When the Premier League fixtures resumed after the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Pulisic had recovered from injury and came off the bench to score the equalizer in Chelsea's 2–1 win against Aston Villa on June 21, 2020. In the following match, Pulisic scored the first goal in Chelsea's 2–1 victory over Manchester City, a result that eliminated the second-placed City from title contention and confirmed Liverpool as Premier League champions. On July 22, Pulisic scored a goal in a 3–5 defeat to Liverpool.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On August 1, he scored the opening goal in the 2020 FA Cup Final against Arsenal after five minutes, becoming the first American player to score in the final of the competition, but was substituted early in the second half after sustaining a hamstring injury. Arsenal eventually came from behind to win the match 2–1.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: In August 2020, Pulisic was named to the eight-player shortlist for the inaugural Premier League Young Player of the Season award, which was eventually awarded to Liverpool's Trent Alexander-Arnold.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Ahead of his second season at Chelsea, Pulisic was given the number 10 shirt after Willian, who wore the number the previous season, departed in the offseason to Arsenal. He returned to training on September 9 following the hamstring injury he suffered in the FA Cup Final in August, although Lampard kept him off the squad for the season opener against Brighton after experiencing some discomfort later in the week.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic made his season debut on October 3, coming off the bench late in a 4–0 win over Crystal Palace. He made his first Premier League start of the season on October 17, a 3–3 draw against Southampton. On October 28, Pulisic came off the bench to score a 90th-minute goal in a 4–0 Champions League away win against Krasnodar. With his 93rd-minute goal for Chelsea against rivals Leeds United on December 5, Pulisic became the fastest American to reach 10 goals in the Premier League.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On April 3, 2021, Pulisic scored the opening goal in a 2–5 home league defeat to West Bromwich Albion. A week later, Pulisic scored a double against Crystal Palace in a 4–1 victory at Selhurst Park. On April 27, Pulisic scored Chelsea's only goal in a 1–1 away draw against Real Madrid at the Estadio Alfredo Di Stéfano in the first leg of the Champions League semi-final tie, becoming the youngest Chelsea player and first American to score in the Champions League semi-finals. In the return game at Stamford Bridge, Pulisic came on as a substitute and provided the assist for Mason Mount's late goal to make it 2–0 and secure passage to the final. On May 29, Pulisic won his first Champions League after Chelsea won 1–0 against Manchester City in the final at the Estádio do Dragão in Porto, becoming the first American to play in a UEFA Champions League Final and the second American to win it after Jovan Kirovski in 1997 with Borussia Dortmund.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic scored in Chelsea's opening game of the 2021–22 Premier League season, a 3–0 win over Crystal Palace. He tested positive for COVID-19 the next week, and didn't play again until November because of an ankle injury.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On January 2, 2022, he scored the equalizer in a 2–2 draw at home against Liverpool. He then came on early as a substitute in the 2021 FIFA Club World Cup Final, helping Chelsea to a 2–1 over Palmeiras. He started the EFL Cup Final against Liverpool on February 27 as Chelsea lost on penalties after a 0–0 draw. He scored in both legs of the club's UEFA Champions League last 16 tie against Lille, as Chelsea progressed 4–1 on aggregate.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic scored in his first start under new Chelsea manager Graham Potter, a 3–0 win over Wolverhampton.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic represented the United States at U-15 and U-17 levels. He scored two goals in 10 appearances for the under-15 team. He captained the U-17 team at the 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup, where he scored a goal and an assist in three games. During his two years with the team, Pulisic scored a total of 20 goals in 34 games. Pulisic had been eligible to play internationally for Croatia but declined the opportunity.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On March 27, 2016, Pulisic was called up to the senior team by head coach Jürgen Klinsmann ahead of a World Cup qualifying game against Guatemala. Two days later, he made his debut in that match, a 4–0 win at the Mapfre Stadium in Columbus, Ohio, as an 81st-minute substitute for Graham Zusi. He thus became the youngest American to play in a World Cup qualifier.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic was included in the senior squad for the Copa América Centenario, which was hosted by the United States. A week later, he became the youngest player to score for the United States in the modern era, when he put home a late goal in a 4–0 friendly win against visiting side Bolivia.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On September 2, 2016, Pulisic recorded two goals and an assist in a World Cup qualifying match in a 6–0 victory over Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, thereby becoming the youngest person to score in a World Cup qualifier for the United States and the youngest player to score a brace in American history. In the following match against Trinidad and Tobago, he broke another youth record by becoming the youngest American to start a World Cup qualifying match. In the following year of qualification, on June 8, Pulisic scored both goals in a 2–0 victory over Trinidad and Tobago. In the last two matches of qualification, Pulisic scored a goal in each: a 4–0 victory over Panama and a 1–2 defeat to Trinidad and Tobago. He finished the fifth round as the top scorer with five goals. Despite his strong performances, the United States failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The loss to Trinidad and Tobago is considered the most humiliating performance in American soccer history.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On November 20, 2018, Pulisic became the youngest player to captain the United States national team in a friendly defeat to Italy. Pulisic was 20 years and 63 days old.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On March 26, 2019, Christian Pulisic became the youngest United States player to score 10 international goals at 20 years, 189 days old.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On June 6, 2021, Pulisic captained the United States national team to a 3–2 victory in the first-ever CONCACAF Nations League final against Mexico, scoring the winning goal by converting a penalty in the 114th minute.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On March 27, 2022, Pulisic scored his first international hat-trick for the U.S. men's national team during their win over Panama in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification. His first two goals from the hat trick came from penalty kicks.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic scored the winner in the United States' 1–0 win over Iran in their last group stage game at the 2022 FIFA World Cup, sending his team to the Round of 16.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Following his promotion to the Dortmund first team, "FourFourTwo" writer Andy Mitten wrote that the Dortmund manager Thomas Tuchel "saw the potential – the speed, sharpness, strength, sublime fitness and mature decision-making that belied his age." Tuchel called Pulisic "the kind of guy who's very self-confident, shows his talent on the pitch, and doesn't show any nerves under pressure – which is a wonderful combination." Pulisic's Dortmund teammate Nuri Şahin said, "He's fearless [...] He has so much speed, but what I like most is his first touch. When he gets the ball, his first touch opens up a huge space for him even if there's no space." Since the 2018–19 season, Pulisic was most often deployed on the wing for Dortmund, and this has continued at Chelsea. Because of his style of play, Pulisic is often subjected to fouls by opponents.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: In July 2020, Chelsea manager Frank Lampard compared him positively to former Chelsea winger Eden Hazard, saying Pulisic "has a more direct attacking instinct. He has the talent to pass through defenders and run inside the box which is a great trait in the modern game." Lampard added, "There's still more development to come. Christian is taking responsibility to change games."


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic's paternal grandfather, Mate Pulišić, was born in Croatia on the island of Olib. Pulisic obtained Croatian citizenship after moving to Germany in order to avoid applying for a German work visa, which is required to work in the country without a European Union passport.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Raised Catholic, Pulisic remains a devout Christian. He often posts Bible verses on his social media accounts.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Pulisic has a cousin, Will Pulisic, who plays for USL League One club North Carolina FC on loan from Austin FC.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Both the anglicized pronunciation (IPA: ) and the original Croatian pronunciation (IPA: ) have been used by commentators, and Pulisic confirmed that either form is acceptable.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Outside of soccer, Pulisic is a fan of the New York Jets, New York Rangers, and Philadelphia 76ers. He enjoys playing chess.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: Due to his status of frequently captaining the United States and his high level of play, he has been given the nickname "Captain America" by fans and other players. He has also been nicknamed "The LeBron James of Soccer" due to a clip from the television show Pawn Stars, which has since become a meme.


title: Christian Pulisic

text: On October 11, 2022, he released an autobiography titled "Pulisic: My Journey So Far". The book chronicles his journey into the soccer world. In the book, he also revealed that he suffered with depression while he was injured in 2020 and during times that he did not get much playing time.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: Legacies is an American fantasy drama television series, created by Julie Plec, that premiered on The CW on October 25, 2018. A spinoff of "The Originals", it is part of "The Vampire Diaries" Universe, and features characters from both that series and its predecessor, "The Vampire Diaries". Danielle Rose Russell stars as the 17-year-old Hope Mikaelson, continuing the role she originated in the fifth and final season of "The Originals". Matt Davis also features prominently in the series, reprising his role as Alaric Saltzman from "The Vampire Diaries". In May 2022, it was announced that the fourth season would be its final season.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: "Legacies" follows Hope Mikaelson, the daughter of Klaus Mikaelson and Hayley Marshall, who is descended from some of the most powerful vampire, werewolf, and witch bloodlines. Two years after the events of "The Originals", 17-year-old Hope attends the Salvatore School for the Young and Gifted. The school provides a haven where supernatural beings can learn to control their abilities and impulses.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: In August 2017, it was announced that early discussions on the development of a spinoff of "The Originals" focusing on Hope Mikaelson, the daughter of Klaus Mikaelson and Hayley Marshall, were taking place with Julie Plec, creator of "The Originals" and co-creator of "The Vampire Diaries". In January 2018, it was revealed that a pilot for the spinoff had been ordered; Plec penned the pilot script and is credited with creating the series. It was announced in March 2018 that the spinoff had been ordered to pilot, but instead of a traditional pilot, a fifteen-minute pilot presentation of the series would be presented to The CW.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: On May 11, 2018, it was announced that the spinoff, titled "Legacies", had been ordered to series for the 2018–19 U.S. television season. In June 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on October 25, 2018. On October 8, 2018, The CW announced that they had ordered three additional scripts for the series, bringing the first season total script order to sixteen episodes.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: On January 31, 2019, The CW renewed the series for a second season. The second season premiered on October 10, 2019. On January 7, 2020, the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered on January 21, 2021. On February 3, 2021, the series was renewed for a fourth season which premiered on October 14, 2021. On May 12, 2022, it was reported that the fourth season will be its last season.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: In March 2020, production on the second season was shut down as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Only 16 of the ordered 20 episodes had been completed. On March 26, 2020, it was announced that the sixteenth episode that aired that same night would serve as a spring finale as the production team had run out of episodes to air following the production shut down. Filming on the third season began on October 15, 2020. Production on the third season finished on June 24, 2021. Twenty episodes for the season were filmed, but the remaining four were held for the fourth season. Filming on the fourth season concluded on April 27, 2022.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: It was announced in March 2018 that "The Vampire Diaries" veteran Matt Davis would reprise the role of Alaric Saltzman and that Danielle Rose Russell would star as Hope Mikaelson. Quincy Fouse, Jenny Boyd, Kaylee Bryant, and Aria Shahghasemi were also set to star. Shahghasemi would debut in the twelfth episode of the fifth season of "The Originals" as Hope's friend Landon. It was revealed at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2018 that Paul Wesley would direct an episode and that Zach Roerig would appear in the series. Steven R. McQueen was revealed to be reprising his role as Jeremy Gilbert in the series' third episode.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: In July 2019, it was announced that Thomas Doherty would appear in the second season and that Alexis Denisof would recur in the second season as Professor Vardemus. In August 2019, Bianca Santos, Bianca Kajlich, and Leo Howard were cast in recurring roles for the second season. In September 2019, it was reported that Riley Voelkel would reprise her role as Freya Mikaelson for the sixth episode of the second season. In November 2019, it was announced that Chris Wood would reprise his role of Kai Parker in the twelfth episode of the second season. The same month, it was reported that Chris Lee had been promoted to a series regular during production on the second season and that Olivia Liang had been cast in a recurring role for the second season. On January 20, 2020, Charles Jazz Terrier was cast in a recurring capacity.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: In September 2020, it was announced that Leo Howard and Ben Levin had been promoted to series regulars for the third season. On January 27, 2021, Omono Okojie was cast in a recurring role for the third season. The same month, it was revealed that Peyton Alex Smith was leaving the regular cast. Candice King performed an uncredited voiceover as Lizzie and Josie's mother, Caroline Forbes from "The Vampire Diaries", in the third-season episode "Salvatore: The Musical!"


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: On August 27, 2021, it was reported that Okojie had been promoted to a series regular for the fourth season. Claire Holt reprised her role as Rebekah Mikaelson for the fifth episode of the fourth season. In December 2021, Zane Phillips joined the cast in a recurring capacity for the fourth season. In December 2021, Kaylee Bryant left the series in the ninth episode of the fourth season. In February 2022, Piper Curda was cast in a recurring role for the fourth season. In March 2022, Charles Michael Davis and Nathaniel Buzolic were set to reprise their roles as Marcel Gerard and Kol Mikaelson for the April 14, 2022, episode of the fourth season.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: In April 2022, it was announced that Luke Mitchell was joining the fourth season in a recurring role. In June 2022, it was announced that Joseph Morgan would reprise his role as Klaus Mikaelson in the series finale.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: The first season of "Legacies" premiered on October 25, 2018 and concluded on March 28, 2019, on The CW. The second season debuted on October 10, 2019 and finished on March 26, 2020. The third season premiered on January 21, 2021 and concluded on June 24, 2021. The fourth season premiered on October 14, 2021.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: A manufacture-on-demand DVD for the first season was released by the Warner Archive Collection on October 22, 2019.


title: Legacies (TV series)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 82% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 8.0 out of 10. The website's critic consensus states: "A fun and fast-paced addition to The CW's stable of supernatural high school series, "Legacies" emerges from the shadows of its sister shows an unexpected delight." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 59 out of 100 based on 5 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: The Godfather Part III

text: The Godfather Part III is a 1990 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from the screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo. The film stars Al Pacino, Diane Keaton, Talia Shire, Andy García, Eli Wallach, Joe Mantegna, Bridget Fonda, George Hamilton, and Sofia Coppola. It is the third and final installment in "The Godfather" trilogy. A sequel to "The Godfather" (1972) and "The Godfather Part II" (1974), it concludes the fictional story of Michael Corleone, the patriarch of the Corleone family who attempts to legitimize his criminal empire. The film also includes fictionalized accounts of two real-life events: the 1978 death of Pope John Paul I and the Papal banking scandal of 1981–1982, both linked to Michael Corleone's business affairs.


title: The Godfather Part III

text: Coppola and Puzo's intended title for the film was "The Death of Michael Corleone", which Paramount Pictures rejected; Coppola considers the series to be a duology, while "Part III" serves as the epilogue. "The Godfather Part III" received generally positive reviews, albeit not to the same extent as the earlier two films; critics praised Pacino's performance and the screenplay but criticized the convoluted plot and Sofia Coppola's performance.


title: The Godfather Part III

text: The film was distributed by Paramount, which also distributed the previous two films. It premiered in Beverly Hills on December 20, 1990, and released in the United States on Christmas Day, December 25. It grossed $136.8 million and was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In December 2020, a recut version of the film, titled The Godfather Coda: The Death of Michael Corleone, was released to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the original version.


title: The Godfather Part III

text: In 1979, Michael Corleone is approaching 60. Wracked with guilt over his ruthless rise to power, especially for having ordered his brother Fredo Corleone's murder, he donates millions to charitable causes. Michael and Kay are divorced; their children, Anthony and Mary, live with Kay. At the reception following a papal order induction ceremony in St. Patrick's Old Cathedral in Michael's honor, Anthony tells his father that he is leaving law school to become an opera singer. Kay supports his decision, but Michael wants Anthony to complete his law degree first but after being convinced, Michael agrees to let Anthony go his own way. Michael and Kay have an uneasy reunion when Kay reveals that she and Anthony know the truth about Fredo's death. Vincent Mancini, the illegitimate son of Michael's long-dead brother Sonny Corleone, arrives at the reception. Michael's sister, Connie Corleone, arranges for Vincent to settle a dispute with his rival, Joey Zasa, but Zasa calls Vincent a bastard, and Vincent bites Zasa's ear. Michael, troubled by Vincent's fiery temper yet impressed by his loyalty, agrees to include Vincent in the family business.


title: The Godfather Part III

text: Michael knows that the head of the Vatican Bank, Archbishop Gilday, has accumulated a massive deficit and offers $600M in exchange for shares in Internazionale Immobiliare, an international real estate company, which would make him its largest single shareholder. He makes a tender offer to buy the Vatican's 25% share in the company, which will give him controlling interest. Immobiliare's board approves the offer, pending ratification by the Pope.


title: The Godfather Part III

text: Don Altobello, a New York Mafia boss and Connie's godfather, tells Michael that his partners on The Commission want in on the Immobiliare deal. Michael pays them from the sale of his Las Vegas holdings. Zasa receives nothing and, declaring Michael his enemy, storms out. Don Altobello, assuring Michael that he can diplomatically resolve the matter, leaves to speak to Zasa. Moments later, a helicopter hovers outside the conference room and opens fire. Most of the bosses are killed, but Michael, Vincent, and Michael's bodyguard, Al Neri, escape. Michael realizes that Altobello is the traitor, and suffers a diabetic stroke. As Michael recuperates, Vincent and Mary begin a romance, while Neri and Connie give Vincent permission to retaliate against Zasa. During a street festival, Vincent kills Zasa. Michael berates Vincent for his actions and insists that Vincent end his relationship with Mary because they are first cousins and because Vincent is in organized crime.