title: Cody Rhodes

text: On May 21, 2016, Rhodes revealed on Twitter that he had requested his release from WWE, which was officially granted the following day. Rhodes cited frustrations with WWE's creative department and his position within the company as the reasons for requesting his release, noting that he had "pleaded" with writers to end the Stardust gimmick for over six months and pitched numerous storyline ideas which had been ignored. Reflecting on Rhodes' WWE career, Dave Meltzer of the "Wrestling Observer" wrote that following his run with Legacy, Rhodes was "used as more of a lower and mid-card wrestler in a number of changing roles", adding that "his career had gone nowhere and he hadn't been used well". James Caldwell of "Pro Wrestling Torch" wrote that Rhodes "had been floundering as the Stardust character over the past year or so, mostly landing on "Superstars" or "Main Event"". Jason Powell of "Pro Wrestling Dot Net" commented that Rhodes choosing to leave was "surprising in the sense that Cody and his family have worked for WWE for so long". Meanwhile, Dave Scherer of "Pro Wrestling Insider" wrote: "I can't say I blame him a bit. Not even a little bit. WWE never gave him a real chance, and that's just sad to me". In September 2019, Rhodes revealed WWE Executive Vice President Triple H's reaction to his WWE departure, where Rhodes stated:


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Hunter [Triple H] took it very personally because he had done so much for my dad at NXT. There was one conversation where he said, "I'm shocked that you feel this way after everything I've done for your family." But I told him, "I'm not my dad. I can't stay here out of loyalty to you for giving my dad a job in 2005. I get it, and the little boy in me really appreciates what you did for my dad. But I'm not him. He's not here anymore. I've got to be me." I think Hunter, he's been in wrestling long enough that he knew, "Oh, this is a real one. He's not asking for more money. He's not asking for a title shot. Nothing would matter at this point." I let the burn get too bad before I said anything, if that makes any sense.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Despite that, Rhodes has consistently spoken highly of WWE in the years since his departure, adding that there are no grudges between him and the company and understands any decisions the company makes regarding him are largely business-based. This included WWE redesigning the Intercontinental Championship belt (whose 2011–2019 design was introduced in storyline by Rhodes) in 2019 around the same time AEW launched being a coincidence as opposed to trying to separate themselves from Rhodes, as Rhodes himself acknowledged that the physical belt was due for a redesign anyway.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: After he left WWE, Rhodes continued working under his real name on the independent circuit, but often dropped his last name in order to avoid conflict with WWE. Rhodes' first post-WWE match was for Evolve in Joppa, Maryland on August 19 at Evolve 66, defeating Zack Sabre Jr. by submission. After the match, Rhodes called out Drew Galloway. The following day, he lost to Chris Hero.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Rhodes wrestled for the Northeast Wrestling promotion from August 25 to 28. On August 25, he beat Brian Anthony in a match with Ricky Steamboat as the guest referee, in Pomona, New York. On August 25, Rhodes beat Mike Bennett in Pittsfield, Massachusetts (the match had been announced on June 3 and their wives were in their corners). On August 27, he beat Kurt Angle in Wappingers Falls, New York. On August 28, Rhodes beat Sami Callihan in Bangor, Maine.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On June 6, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG) announced that Rhodes would be wrestling in their annual Battle of Los Angeles tournament. On September 3, Rhodes, billed as Cody R, defeated Sami Callihan in his first round match in the tournament. The following day, Rhodes was eliminated from the tournament in the quarterfinals by eventual winner Marty Scurll.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On November 26 at WrestleCade's Showcase of Champions, Rhodes defeated Sonjay Dutt for the GFW NEX*GEN Championship. On March 3, 2017, Rhodes appeared for Northeast Wrestling (NEW) in Connecticut, defeating Kurt Angle in a steel cage match. On March 18, 2017, Cody defeated Mike Bennett for the NEW Heavyweight Championship. On December 1, 2017, Rhodes lost the NEW Heavyweight Championship to Flip Gordon in a triple threat match.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On October 6, 2016, he made his debut with What Culture Pro Wrestling (WCPW) at the iPPV Refuse to Lose under the ring name Cody Rhodes, defeating Doug Williams. The following day at the 14th episode of "Loaded", Rhodes unsuccessfully challenged Joseph Conners for the WCPW Championship. Rhodes faced Kurt Angle at True Legacy in a losing effort. After the match, Rhodes issued a challenge to El Ligero for the WCPW Internet Championship, which Ligero accepted. On November 30 at Delete WCPW, Rhodes defeated El Ligero for the WCPW Internet Championship and retained his GFW NEX*GEN Championship at the same time in a title for title match.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On April 29, 2017, at No Regrets, Rhodes lost the WCPW Internet Championship to Gabriel Kidd in a triple threat match also involving Joe Hendry. Later that night, Rhodes took part in a battle royal for the WCPW Championship but was eliminated by Joe Coffey. The following day, Rhodes defeated former WCPW Champion Drew Galloway in his final match with WCPW.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: In May 2017, Dave Meltzer suggested that an independent wrestling show would be unable to sell out a ten thousand seat arena in the United States. Rhodes, along with The Young Bucks, challenged the idea by planning a show specifically for the purposes of drawing ten thousand fans. In May 2018, it was announced that the show would be named All In. On May 13, 2018, tickets to "All In" sold out in 30 minutes. At the event on September 1, Cody defeated Nick Aldis to win the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. Cody lost the championship back to Aldis in a two-out-of-three falls match at the NWA 70th Anniversary Show on October 21.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On July 19, 2016, Rhodes announced that he would appear at Ring of Honor's (ROH) Final Battle pay-per-view on December 2. ROH made the official announcement the following day. At the event, Rhodes, who was simply billed as Cody, defeated Jay Lethal following a low blow, then proceed to attack Lethal, senior referee Todd Sinclair, taunted ROH fans and shoved ROH commentator Steve Corino. On the January 18 episode of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", Cody defeated Corino. At the Supercard of Honor XI event on April 1, Cody was defeated by Jay Lethal in a Texas Bullrope match. Later in the night, he attacked former ROH World Champion Christopher Daniels. On May 12 at War of the Worlds, Cody unsuccessfully challenged Christopher Daniels for the ROH World Championship in a three-way match also involving Jay Lethal. On June 23 at Best in the World, Cody defeated Daniels to become the new ROH World Champion, marking the first world title of his career. Cody was also billed as the first member of the Rhodes family to capture a world title in 31 years. Cody and Dusty are the second father-son combination to win major world championships in the United States after Fritz and Kerry Von Erich.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On September 23, it was confirmed that Cody had signed a multi-year contract with ROH. On December 15 at Final Battle, Cody, now with bleach blonde hair, lost the ROH World Championship to Dalton Castle. On July 21, 2018, he and fellow Bullet Club members The Young Bucks defeated The Kingdom to win the ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Championship, marking his first reign. Cody and The Bucks lost the titles at Survival of the Fittest to The Kingdom on November 4 after a 106-day reign and two successful title defenses. Cody faced Jay Lethal for the ROH World Championship at Final Battle, but he lost the match. The next day, Cody left ROH.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Rhodes was expected to work events for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) while simultaneously working in ROH, both deals being non-exclusive. On September 22, TNA confirmed Rhodes, billed as Cody, would be debuting for the promotion on October 2 at Bound for Glory. At Bound for Glory, Cody, alongside his wife Brandi Rhodes, made his debut as a face, attacking Mike Bennett and his wife Maria to begin a feud between the two couples. On the October 6 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Cody cut a promo where he put over the company and said he has a shot at the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, but Bennett and Maria interrupted and the segment ended with a brawl. On the October 13 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Cody made his in-ring debut by defeating Bennett. On the October 20 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Cody challenged Eddie Edwards for the Impact World Heavyweight Championship, but lost the match. On the October 27 "Impact Wrestling", Cody and Brandi defeated Bennett and Maria. After the match, Cody was attacked backstage by Lashley, and this was done to write him off television.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Cody returned on the February 23, 2017 episode of "Impact Wrestling", calling out Moose to thank him for helping his wife Brandi while he was away. After learning Brandi had Moose's phone number, Cody attacked Moose, turning heel. On the March 30 episode of "Impact Wrestling", Cody unsuccessfully faced Moose for the Impact Grand Championship. Rhodes' contract with the promotion ended shortly after.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On December 10, 2016, Rhodes, billed as "The American Nightmare" Cody, appeared at New Japan Pro-Wrestling's (NJPW) World Tag League finals via video package, announcing himself as the newest member of Bullet Club. On January 4, 2017, Cody defeated Juice Robinson in his debut match at Wrestle Kingdom 11 in Tokyo Dome. Cody returned to NJPW in February during the NJPW and ROH co-produced shows. After defeating Michael Elgin at Dominion 6.11 in Osaka-jo Hall on June 11, Cody challenged Kazuchika Okada to a match for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship. The match took place on July 1 at G1 Special in USA, with Okada winning. During the finals of the G1 Climax 27 on August 13, Cody and Bullet Club stablemate Hangman Page unsuccessfully challenged War Machine (Hanson and Raymond Rowe) for the IWGP Tag Team Championship.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Cody faced Kota Ibushi at Wrestle Kingdom 12 on January 4, 2018, in a losing effort. At The New Beginning in Sapporo, he attacked Kenny Omega with the help of Page, eventually being stopped by Ibushi. This led to a match at the G1 Special in San Francisco on July 7, where Cody unsuccessfully challenged Omega for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship. After the match, as the "BC Firing Squad" of King Haku, Tanga Loa, and Tama Tonga attacked Omega and the rest of Bullet Club, Cody refused to aid the attackers and embraced the Bullet Club members afterward. At Fighting Spirit Unleashed, Cody defeated Robinson to win the IWGP United States Heavyweight Championship, his first championship in NJPW. Cody again failed to defeat Omega for the championship in a three-way match also involving Kota Ibushi at King of Pro-Wrestling on October 8. On October 24, Cody announced that he was no longer affiliated with Bullet Club, and he would continue teaming with Omega, The Young Bucks, Hangman Page and Marty Scurll as The Elite. At Wrestle Kingdom 13 on January 4, 2019, Cody lost the United States Heavyweight Championship back to Robinson. On February 7, his profile was removed from NJPW website.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: In November 2018, several trademarks were filed in Jacksonville, Florida that indicated the launch of a new wrestling promotion. On January 1, 2019, All Elite Wrestling (AEW) was unveiled during a conference in Jacksonville, with Cody revealing that he, along with Matt and Nick Jackson of The Young Bucks and Kenny Omega, would serve as Executive Vice Presidents, as well as on-air talent. Both Cody and The Young Bucks signed five-year contracts with the promotion. At their inaugural event on May 25, Double or Nothing, Cody defeated Dustin Rhodes in an acclaimed match; it would later win "Match of the Year" from "Pro Wrestling Illustrated". On June 29 at Fyter Fest, Cody wrestled Darby Allin to a time limit draw. After the match, Rhodes was attacked by Shawn Spears and struck with a chair shot that caused Rhodes to bleed heavily from the back of his head. While Rhodes did not suffer a concussion, he did require 12 surgical staples. Spears' actions would be condemned by MJF, Cody's self-proclaimed best friend. MJF would later become Cody's cornerman for his matches.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: At All Out on August 31, Cody emerged victorious over Spears. With this win, Cody improved his win–loss–draw record in singles matches to 2–0–1, granting him a match for the AEW World Championship against Chris Jericho at the Full Gear pay-per-view. On the premiere episode of "Dynamite" on October 2, Cody and The Young Bucks were beaten down by Jericho, Sammy Guevara, Jake Hager, Santana and Ortiz, leading to the creation of The Inner Circle to rival The Elite. On the November 6 episode of "Dynamite", Cody announced that if he were to lose at Full Gear, he would never challenge for the AEW World Championship again. At Full Gear on November 9, Cody failed to win the championship from Jericho after MJF threw in the towel. After the match, MJF turned on Cody by kicking him the groin.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Over the following months, Cody attempted to secure a match with MJF, which MJF agreed to do as long as Cody met three stipulations: he could not touch MJF until the match, he would have to defeat MJF's bodyguard Wardlow in a steel cage match, and he would have to take ten lashes with a leather belt. After taking the lashes, Cody defeated Wardlow in a steel cage match on the February 19, 2020 episode of "Dynamite" to arrange the match for the Revolution pay-per-view. Cody was defeated by MJF at Revolution on February 29.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On March 30, AEW announced a new title, the AEW TNT Championship; Cody was announced as a participant for an eight-man, single-elimination tournament to crown the inaugural champion. Cody defeated Shawn Spears and Darby Allin to reach the finals of the tournament to face Lance Archer, who also advanced to the finals. At Double Or Nothing on May 23, Cody defeated Archer to become the inaugural TNT Champion; Mike Tyson afterwards presented Cody with the title belt. Over the following weeks, Cody successfully defended the championship against the likes of Jungle Boy, Marq Quen, Ricky Starks, Jake Hager, Sonny Kiss, Eddie Kingston, Warhorse, and Scorpio Sky. Cody lost the championship to Brodie Lee on the August 22 episode of "Dynamite", ending his reign at 82 days (91 days as recognized by AEW due to tape delay). Subsequently, it was reported that Cody would be taking up a leave of absence from the company.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Cody returned on the September 23 episode of "Dynamite", attacking Brodie Lee and members of his faction, The Dark Order. Cody would defeat Brodie Lee to win the TNT Championship in a Dog Collar match on the October 7 episode of "Dynamite", beginning his second reign with the championship, also marking Lee's final match before his death in December of that year. On November 7, Cody, now once again under the full name Cody Rhodes due to WWE cancelling their trademark on the name (in a settlement that saw Cody relinquishing his claim to the trademarks for several WCW event names), lost the TNT Championship to Darby Allin at Full Gear.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: After losing the TNT Championship, Rhodes would begin a feud with famed basketball player Shaquille O'Neal. On the March 3, 2021 episode of "Dynamite", Rhodes teamed with Red Velvet in a loss to O'Neal and his partner Jade Cargill in a mixed tag team match. At the Revolution event on March 7, Rhodes competed in the Face of the Revolution Ladder Match for a future opportunity at the TNT Championship, but the match was won by Scorpio Sky.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On the March 31 episode of "Dynamite", Rhodes began a feud with Q. T. Marshall, after Marshall and his allies Aaron Solow, Nick Comoroto and the debutant Anthony Ogogo assaulted Rhodes after a match. At the Blood and Guts event on May 5, Rhodes defeated Marshall, before going on to defeat Ogogo at the Double or Nothing pay-per-view later that month. At the Road Rager event on July 7, Rhodes defeated Marshall in a South Beach Strap match to end the feud. Following this, Rhodes began a feud with the debuting Malakai Black. At the Homecoming event on August 4, Rhodes was quickly defeated by Black. After taking a hiatus, Rhodes returned to face Black in a rematch at Grand Slam on September 22, but he was again defeated. On the October 23 episode of "Dynamite", Rhodes finally defeated Black. At Full Gear, Rhodes teamed up with Pac against Black and Andrade El Idolo in a winning effort. On the December 1 episode of "Dynamite", Rhodes defeated Andrade in an Atlanta street fight.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On December 25 at the special Holiday Bash episode of "Rampage", Rhodes defeated Sammy Guevara to win the TNT Championship for a record third time. At the Beach Break event on January 26, 2022, Rhodes lost the title back to Guevara in a highly acclaimed ladder match. This would be Rhodes' last match in AEW, as on February 15, 2022, several sources reported that he and his wife Brandi had left the promotion as they were unable to come to terms on a new contract.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: On March 18, 2022, it was reported by multiple sources that Rhodes had signed a contract with WWE. On the first night of WrestleMania 38, Rhodes was revealed as Seth "Freakin" Rollins' surprise opponent, making his return to WWE after six years and defeating Rollins. On the following episode of "Raw", Rhodes stated that he returned to WWE to win the championship that his father, Dusty Rhodes, never got to hold, the WWE Championship. Rhodes subsequently defeated Rollins once more in a rematch at WrestleMania Backlash. Ahead of their Hell in a Cell match at the eponymous event, Rhodes suffered a legitimate pectoral muscle tear, which had eventuated halfway through a brawl on the prior episode of "Raw". The injury was exacerbated when the muscle tore entirely off the bone while Rhodes was weight training in the days preceding the event. He entered Hell in a Cell with a massive spot of discolored skin, but despite the severe injury, managed to defeat Rollins for the third time. Dave Meltzer rated the match five stars, the first WWE main roster match since 2011 to receive such a rating. On the following episode of "Raw", Rhodes discussed his injury during a promo about the upcoming Money in the Bank event, until Rollins came out and shook his hand, then as Rhodes was making his exit, Rollins attacked him from behind with a sledgehammer. Three days later, it was announced that Rhodes underwent successful surgery to repair a torn right pectoral tendon, but was rendered unable to compete for nine months. At the Money in the Bank premium live event, Rhodes appeared in a pre-taped vignette discussing the injury and attack from Rollins, in which he promised to return soon.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: In July 2009, Rhodes became one of the faces of the Gillette "Be a Superstar" advertising campaign, along with Chris Jericho and John Cena. "Be a Superstar" was a four-month-long interactive campaign, which featured the wrestlers in numerous videos promoting Gillette Fusion products. In August 2009, Rhodes appeared on "The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien".


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Rhodes guest-starred on "Arrow" in the fifth-season episode "A Matter of Trust" playing Derek Sampson, a drug dealer turned metahuman with the inability to feel pain (Sampson's drug of choice was named Stardust in homage to Rhodes' WWE persona). Rhodes reprised the role on episode 21 of the fifth season of "Arrow". In July 2018, Cody announced that his character would be back for a couple of episodes in Season 7 as well.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Rhodes has appeared in ten video games: he made his video game debut in "WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009" and has since appeared in "WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2010", "WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2011", "WWE '12", "WWE '13", "WWE 2K14" and "WWE 2K15" as Cody Rhodes, as well as "WWE All Stars", as DLC, and in "WWE 2K16" and "WWE 2K17" under his Stardust gimmick.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Rhodes is of partial Cuban descent through his maternal grandfather. His father was WWE Hall of Famer "The American Dream" Dusty Rhodes and his half-brother is Dustin Runnels, who is better known by his ring names Goldust and Dustin Rhodes. On March 31, 2007, Cody and Dustin inducted their father into the WWE Hall of Fame. He also has two sisters, Teil Gergel and Kristin Ditto, who is a former Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader. He is the nephew of former professional wrestlers Jerry Sags and Fred Ottman, as well as the godson of Magnum T. A.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: In September 2013, Rhodes married fellow professional wrestler Brandi Reed. The couple have one child together.


title: Cody Rhodes

text: Rhodes is a fan of "The Legend of Zelda" video game series, incorporates its style in his wrestling gear and has stated he replays "" yearly. Rhodes is also a comic book fan and has worn wrestling gear inspired by Archangel and Mister Sinister, characters from X-Men. He has cited Omega Red and Cyclops as his favorite fictional characters along with the Inhumans and he personally owns a game cabinet of the 1992 "X-Men" arcade game.


title: Paolo Gucci

text: Paolo Gucci (29 March 1931 – 10 October 1995) was an Italian businessman and fashion designer. He was the one-time chief designer and vice-president of Gucci. He is credited with helping design Gucci's famous double G logo.


title: Paolo Gucci

text: Paolo Gucci was born on 29 March 1931 in Florence, the son of Olwen Price and Aldo Gucci, who was the son of Gucci founder Guccio Gucci. He was the chief designer of Gucci in the late 1960s. In 1978, his father named him the vice-president of Gucci.


title: Paolo Gucci

text: In 1980, Paolo secretly launched his own business using the Gucci name without telling his father, nor his uncle Rodolfo. When they found out, they were both infuriated and fired him from Gucci in September 1980. In addition, his father Aldo sued him, threatening to cut off any Gucci supplier who signed on with Paolo.


title: Paolo Gucci

text: In 1984, seeking revenge, Paolo got his father Aldo removed from the company with the help of his cousin Maurizio Gucci, who had recently become the majority shareholder. In addition, Paolo also tipped off the IRS about his father's tax evasion. In 1986, Aldo was sentenced to one year and one day in prison for tax evasion. In 1987, Paolo sold all his shares in Gucci to Investcorp for $42.5 million. Due to spending extravagant amounts of money and bad business decisions, he filed for bankruptcy in 1993.


title: Paolo Gucci

text: In 1952, Paolo Gucci married Yvonne Moschetto and had two daughters with her, Elisabetta and Patrizia. Their marriage dissolved, and in 1977, he married British socialite Jenny Garwood and had one daughter with her, Gemma Gucci. In 1990, he separated from his second wife Jenny Garwood after having an affair with 19-year-old Penny Armstrong. He had two children with her out of wedlock, Alyssa and Gabriele. In 1994, he spent five weeks in prison for failing to pay alimony and child support to his second wife Jenny Garwood and their daughter. Paolo Gucci died in London on October 10, 1995, at age 64 of chronic hepatitis in the midst of divorce proceedings.


title: Paolo Gucci

text: Guccio Gucci; his eldest living biological son, Aldo Gucci; and Aldo Gucci's sons - Giorgio Gucci, Paolo Gucci, and Roberto Gucci - and grandson Uberto Gucci claimed the right to use an inherited, ancestral coat of arms after the Kingdom of Italy, which was ruled by the House of Savoy, transitioned to the Italian Republic in 1946.


title: Paolo Gucci

text: The blazon recorded, as recorded in the Archives of Florence, is as follows: "Blue, three red poles bordered with silver; a head of gold, to the right a blue wheel, and to the left a red rose." ("D'azzurro, a tre pali di rosso bordati d'argento; e al capo d'oro caricato a destra di una ruota d'azzurro, e a sinistra di una rosa di rosso.")


title: Paolo Gucci

text: Translation: "Family of San Miniato; Giacinto Gucci and his brothers were admitted to the nobility of San Miniato in 1763 (on that occasion it is declared that the family had come from Cremona in 1224); Giuseppe di Gaetano Gucci, on the other hand, was admitted to the nobility of Fiesole in 1839. Francesco di Benedetto Gucci obtained Florentine citizenship in 1601, for the Golden Lion banner; Giovanni Battista by Giovan Piero Gucci obtained it in 1634, in the Scala banner."


title: Paolo Gucci

text: Court documents, records, and subsequent rulings indicate that, because the Gucci family trademarked the coat-of-arms in 1955, the trademark transferred with the sale of the Gucci company by Maurizio Gucci to Investcorp, and subsequent company owners, in 1993. However, Uberto Gucci (b. 1960), the son of Roberto Gucci, the nephew of Paolo Gucci, and the grandson of Aldo Gucci, disputes that the Gucci family still has the right to use the ancestral Gucci coat-of-arms.


title: Paolo Gucci

text: In the film "House of Gucci" (2021), Paolo Gucci is played by American actor Jared Leto. In April 2021, Paolo's daughter Patrizia Gucci criticized Leto's portrayal (unkempt hair, lilac suit) of her father in the film, stating that she "still feels offended". Despite this, Leto's performance received praise from film critics and earned him nominations for a Critics' Choice Movie Award and Satellite Award—both for Best Supporting Actor.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: Peter Seamus O'Toole (; 2 August 1932 – 14 December 2013) was a British stage and film actor. He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company. In 1959 he made his West End debut in "The Long and the Short and the Tall", and played the title role in "Hamlet" in the National Theatre's first production in 1963. Excelling on the London stage, O'Toole was known for his "hellraiser" lifestyle off it.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: Making his film debut in 1959, O'Toole achieved international recognition playing T. E. Lawrence in "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962) for which he received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He was nominated for this award another seven times – for playing King Henry II in both "Becket" (1964) and "The Lion in Winter" (1968), "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" (1969), "The Ruling Class" (1972), "The Stunt Man" (1980), "My Favorite Year" (1982), and "Venus" (2006) – and holds the record for the most Oscar nominations for acting without a win (tied with Glenn Close). In 2002, he was awarded the Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole was the recipient of four Golden Globe Awards, one BAFTA Award for Best British Actor and one Primetime Emmy Award. Other performances include "What's New Pussycat?" (1965), "How to Steal a Million" (1966), "Supergirl" (1984), and minor roles in "The Last Emperor" (1987) and "Troy" (2004). He also voiced Anton Ego, the restaurant critic in Pixar's "Ratatouille" (2007).


title: Peter O'Toole

text: Peter Seamus O'Toole was born on 2 August 1932, the son of Constance Jane Eliot (née Ferguson), a Scottish nurse, and Patrick Joseph "Spats" O'Toole, an Irish metal plater, football player, and bookmaker. O'Toole claimed he was not certain of his birthplace or date, stating in his autobiography that he accepted 2 August as his birth date but had a birth certificate from England and Ireland. Records from the Leeds General Registry Office confirm he was born at St James's University Hospital in Leeds, Yorkshire, England on 2 August 1932. He had an elder sister named Patricia and grew up in the south Leeds suburb of Hunslet. When he was one year old, his family began a five-year tour of major racecourse towns in Northern England. He and his sister were brought up in their father's Catholic faith. O'Toole was evacuated from Leeds early in the Second World War, and went to a Catholic school for seven or eight years: St Joseph's Secondary School, just outside Leeds. He later said, "I used to be scared stiff of the nuns: their whole denial of womanhood—the black dresses and the shaving of the hair—was so horrible, so terrifying. [...] Of course, that's all been stopped. They're sipping gin and tonic in the Dublin pubs now, and a couple of them flashed their pretty ankles at me just the other day."


title: Peter O'Toole

text: Upon leaving school, O'Toole obtained employment as a trainee journalist and photographer on the "Yorkshire Evening Post", until he was called up for national service as a signaller in the Royal Navy. As reported in a radio interview in 2006 on NPR, he was asked by an officer whether he had something he had always wanted to do. His reply was that he had always wanted to try being either a poet or an actor. He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) from 1952 to 1954 on a scholarship. This came after being rejected by the Abbey Theatre's drama school in Dublin by the director Ernest Blythe, because he could not speak the Irish language. At RADA, he was in the same class as Albert Finney, Alan Bates and Brian Bedford. O'Toole described this as "the most remarkable class the academy ever had, though we weren't reckoned for much at the time. We were all considered dotty."


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company, before making his television debut in 1954. He played a soldier in an episode of "The Scarlet Pimpernel" in 1954. He was based at the Bristol Old Vic from 1956 to 1958, appearing in productions of "King Lear" (1956), "The Recruiting Officer" (1956), "Major Barbara" (1956), "Othello" (1956), and "The Slave of Truth" (1956). He was Henry Higgins in "Pygmalion" (1957), Lysander in "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (1957), Uncle Gustve in "Oh! My Papa!" (1957), and Jimmy Porter in "Look Back in Anger" (1957). O'Toole was Tanner in Shaw's "Man and Superman" (1958), a performance he reprised often during his career. He was also in "Hamlet" (1958), "The Holiday" (1958), "Amphitryon '38" (1958), and "Waiting for Godot" (1958) (as Vladimir). He hoped "The Holiday" would take him to the West End but it ultimately folded in the provinces; during that show he met Sian Phillips who became his first wife.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole continued to appear on television, being in episodes of "Armchair Theatre" ("The Pier", 1957), and "BBC Sunday-Night Theatre" ("The Laughing Woman", 1958) and was in the TV adaptation of "The Castiglioni Brothers" (1958). He made his London debut in a musical "Oh, My Papa". O'Toole gained fame on the West End in the play "The Long and the Short and the Tall", performed at the Royal Court starting January 1959. His co-stars included Robert Shaw and Edward Judd and it was directed by Lindsay Anderson. He reprised his performance for television on "Theatre Night" in 1959 (although he did not appear in the 1961 film version). The show transferred to the West End in April and won O'Toole Best Actor of the Year in 1959.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole was in much demand. He reportedly received five offers of long-term contracts but turned them down. His first role was a small role in Disney's version of "Kidnapped" (1960), playing the bagpipes opposite Peter Finch. His second feature was "The Savage Innocents" (1960) with Anthony Quinn for director Nicholas Ray. With his then-wife Sian Phillips he did "Siwan: The King's Daughter" (1960) for TV. In 1960 he had a nine-month season at the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford, appearing in "The Taming of the Shrew" (as Petruchio), "The Merchant of Venice" (as Shylock) and "Troilus and Cressida" (as Thersites). He could have made more money in films but said "You've got to go to Stratford when you've got the chance."


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole had been seen in "The Long and the Short and the Tall" by Jules Buck who later established a company with the actor. Buck cast O'Toole in "The Day They Robbed the Bank of England" (1961), a heist thriller from director John Guillermin. O'Toole was billed third, beneath Aldo Ray and Elizabeth Sellars. The same year he appeared in several episodes of the TV series "Rendezvous" ("End of a Good Man", "Once a Horseplayer", "London-New York"). He lost the role in the film adaptation of "Long and the Short and the Tall" to Laurence Harvey. "It broke my heart", he said later.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole's major break came in November 1960 when he was chosen to play the eponymous hero T. E. Lawrence in Sir David Lean's epic "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962), after Albert Finney reportedly turned down the role. The role introduced him to a global audience and earned him the first of his eight nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He received the BAFTA Award for Best British Actor. His performance was ranked number one in "Premiere" magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Performances of All Time. In 2003, Lawrence as portrayed by O'Toole was selected as the tenth-greatest hero in cinema history by the American Film Institute.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole played Hamlet under Laurence Olivier's direction in the premiere production of the Royal National Theatre in 1963. He performed in "Baal" (1963) at the Phoenix Theatre.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: Even prior to the making of "Lawrence of Arabia", O'Toole announced he wanted to form a production company with Jules Buck. In November 1961 they said their company, known as Keep Films (also known as Tricolor Productions) would make a film starring Terry-Thomas, "Operation Snatch". In 1962 O'Toole and Buck announced they wanted to make a version of "Waiting for Godot" for £80,000. The film was never made. Instead their first production was "Becket" (1964), where O'Toole played King Henry II opposite Richard Burton. The film, done in association with Hal Wallis, was a financial success. O'Toole turned down the lead role in "The Cardinal" (1963). Instead he and Buck made another epic, "Lord Jim" (1965), based on the novel by Joseph Conrad directed by Richard Brooks. He and Buck intended to follow this with a biopic of Will Adams and a film about the Charge of the Light Brigade, but neither project happened. Instead O'Toole went into "What's New Pussycat?" (1965), a comedy based on a script by Woody Allen, taking over a role originally meant for Warren Beatty and starring alongside Peter Sellers. It was a huge success.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: He and Buck helped produce "The Party's Over" (1965). O'Toole returned to the stage with "Ride a Cock Horse" at the Piccadilly Theatre in 1965, which was harshly reviewed. He made a heist film with Audrey Hepburn, "How to Steal a Million" (1966), directed by William Wyler. He played the Three Angels in the all-star "" (1966), directed by John Huston. In 1966 at the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin he appeared in productions of "Juno and the Paycock" and "Man and Superman". Sam Spiegel, producer of "Lawrence of Arabia", reunited O'Toole with Omar Sharif in "The Night of the Generals" (1967), which was a box office disappointment. O'Toole played in an adaptation of Noël Coward's "Present Laughter" for TV in 1968, and had a cameo in "Casino Royale" (1967).


title: Peter O'Toole

text: He played Henry II again in "The Lion in Winter" (1968) alongside Katharine Hepburn, and was nominated for an Oscar again – one of the few times an actor had been nominated playing the same character in different films. The film was also successful at the box office.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: Less popular was "Great Catherine" (1968) with Jeanne Moreau, an adaptation of the play by George Bernard Shaw which Buck and O'Toole co-produced.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: In 1969, he played the title role in the film "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", a musical adaptation of James Hilton's novella, starring opposite Petula Clark. He was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Actor and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. O'Toole fulfilled a lifetime ambition in 1970 when he performed on stage in Samuel Beckett's "Waiting for Godot", alongside Donal McCann, at Dublin's Abbey Theatre.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: In other films he played a man in love with his sister (played by Susannah York) in "Country Dance" (1970). O'Toole starred in a war film for director Peter Yates, "Murphy's War" (1971), appearing alongside Sian Phillips. He was reunited with Richard Burton in a film version of "Under Milk Wood" (1972) by Dylan Thomas, produced by himself and Buck; Elizabeth Taylor co-starred. The film was not a popular success.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole received another Oscar nomination for his performance in "The Ruling Class" (1972), done for his own company. In 1972, he played both Miguel de Cervantes and his fictional creation Don Quixote in "Man of La Mancha", the motion picture adaptation of the 1965 hit Broadway musical, opposite Sophia Loren. The film was a critical and commercial failure, criticised for using mostly non-singing actors. His singing was dubbed by tenor Simon Gilbert, but the other actors did their own singing. O'Toole and co-star James Coco, who played both Cervantes's manservant and Sancho Panza, both received Golden Globe nominations for their performances.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole did not make a film for several years. He performed at the Bristol Old Vic from 1973 to 1974 in "Uncle Vanya", "Plunder", "The Apple Cart" and "Judgement". He returned to films with "Rosebud" (1975), a flop thriller for Otto Preminger, where O'Toole replaced Robert Mitchum at the last minute. He followed it with "Man Friday" (1975), an adaptation of the Robinson Crusoe story, which was the last work from Keep Films. O'Toole made "Foxtrot" (1976), directed by Arturo Ripstein. He was critically acclaimed for his performance in "Rogue Male" (1976) for British television. He did "Dead Eyed Dicks" on stage in Sydney in 1976. Less well received was "Power Play" (1978), made in Canada, and "Zulu Dawn" (1979), shot in South Africa. He toured "Uncle Vanya" and "Present Laughter" on stage. In 1979, O'Toole starred as Tiberius in the "Penthouse"-funded biopic, "Caligula".


title: Peter O'Toole

text: In 1980, he received critical acclaim for playing the director in the behind-the-scenes film "The Stunt Man". His performance earned him an Oscar nomination. He appeared in a mini series for Irish TV "Strumpet City", where he played James Larkin. He followed this with another mini series "Masada" (1981), playing Lucius Flavius Silva. In 1980 he performed in "MacBeth" at the Old Vic for $500 a week (), a performance that famously earned O'Toole some of the worst reviews of his career.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole was nominated for another Oscar for "My Favorite Year" (1982), a light romantic comedy about the behind-the-scenes at a 1950s TV variety-comedy show, in which O'Toole plays an aging swashbuckling film star reminiscent of Errol Flynn. He returned to the stage in London with a performance in "Man and Superman" (1982) that was better received than his "MacBeth". He focused on television, doing an adaptation of "Man and Superman" (1983), "Svengali" (1983), "Pygmalion" (1984), and "Kim" (1984), and providing the voice of Sherlock Holmes for a series of animated TV movies. He did "Pygmalion" on stage in 1984 at the West End's Shaftesbury Theatre.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole returned to feature films in "Supergirl" (1984), "Creator" (1985), "Club Paradise" (1986), "The Last Emperor" (1987) as Sir Reginald Johnston, and "High Spirits" (1988). He appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of "Pygmalion" (1987), opposite Amanda Plummer. It ran for 113 performances.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: He won a Laurence Olivier Award for his performance in "Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell" (1989). His other appearances that decade include "Uncle Silas" (1989) for television.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole's performances in the 1990s include "Wings of Fame" (1990); "The Rainbow Thief" (1990), with Sharif; "King Ralph" (1991) with John Goodman; "Isabelle Eberhardt" (1992); "Rebecca's Daughters" (1992), in Wales; "Civvies" (1992), a British TV series; "The Seventh Coin" (1993); "" (1994), for American TV; and "Heavy Weather" (1995), for British TV. He was in an adaptation of "Gulliver's Travels" (1996), playing the Emperor of Lilliput; "" (1997), playing Sir Arthur Conan Doyle; "Phantoms" (1998), from a novel by Dean Koontz; and "" (1999). He won a Primetime Emmy Award for his role as Bishop Pierre Cauchon in the 1999 mini-series "Joan of Arc". He also produced and starred in a TV adaptation of "Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell" (1999).


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole's work in the next decade included "Global Heresy" (2002); "The Final Curtain" (2003); "Bright Young Things" (2003); "" (2003) for TV, as Paul von Hindenburg; and "" (2004) as Augustus Caesar. In 2004, he played King Priam in "Troy". In 2005, he appeared on television as the older version of legendary 18th century Italian adventurer Giacomo Casanova in the BBC drama serial "Casanova". The younger Casanova, seen for most of the action, was played by David Tennant, who had to wear contact lenses to match his brown eyes to O'Toole's blue. He followed it with a role in "Lassie" (2005).


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole was once again nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award for his portrayal of Maurice in the 2006 film "Venus", directed by Roger Michell, his eighth such nomination. He was in "One Night with the King" (2007) and co-starred in the Pixar animated film "Ratatouille" (2007), an animated film about a rat with dreams of becoming the greatest chef in Paris, as Anton Ego, a food critic. He had a small role in "Stardust" (2007). He also appeared in the second season of Showtime's drama series "The Tudors" (2008), portraying Pope Paul III, who excommunicates King Henry VIII from the church; an act which leads to a showdown between the two men in seven of the ten episodes. Also in 2008, he starred alongside Jeremy Northam and Sam Neill in the New Zealand/British film "Dean Spanley", based on an Alan Sharp adaptation of Irish author Lord Dunsany's short novel, "My Talks with Dean Spanley".


title: Peter O'Toole

text: He was in "Thomas Kinkade's Christmas Cottage" (2008); and "Iron Road" (2009), a Canadian-Chinese miniseries. O'Toole's final performances came in "Highway to Hell" (2012) and "For Greater Glory: The True Story of Cristiada" (2012). On 10 July 2012, O'Toole released a statement announcing his retirement from acting. A number of films were released after his retirement and death: "Decline of an Empire" (2013), as Gallus; and "Diamond Cartel" (2017).


title: Peter O'Toole

text: While studying at RADA in the early 1950s, O'Toole was active in protesting against British involvement in the Korean War. Later, in the 1960s, he was an active opponent of the Vietnam War. He played a role in the creation of the current form of the well-known folksong "Carrickfergus" which he related to Dominic Behan, who put it in print and made a recording in the mid-1960s.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: Although he lost faith in organised religion as a teenager, O'Toole expressed positive sentiments regarding the life of Jesus Christ. In an interview for "The New York Times", he said "No one can take Jesus away from me... there's no doubt there was a historical figure of tremendous importance, with enormous notions. Such as peace." He called himself "a retired Christian" who prefers "an education and reading and facts" to faith.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: In 1959, he married Welsh actress Siân Phillips, with whom he had two daughters: actress Kate and Patricia. They were divorced in 1979. Phillips later said in two autobiographies that O'Toole had subjected her to mental cruelty, largely fuelled by drinking, and was subject to bouts of extreme jealousy when she finally left him for a younger lover.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole and his girlfriend, model Karen Brown, had a son, Lorcan O'Toole (born 17 March 1983), when O'Toole was fifty years old. Lorcan, now an actor, was a pupil at Harrow School, boarding at West Acre from 1996.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole played rugby league as a child in Leeds and was also a rugby union fan, attending Five Nations matches with friends and fellow rugby fans Richard Harris, Kenneth Griffith, Peter Finch and Richard Burton. He was also a lifelong player, coach and enthusiast of cricket and a fan of Sunderland A.F.C. His support of Sunderland was passed on to him through his father, who was a labourer in Sunderland for many years. He was named their most famous fan. The actor in a later interview expressed that he no longer considered himself as much of a fan following the demolition of Roker Park and the subsequent move to the Stadium of Light. He described Roker Park as his last connection to the club and that everything "they meant to him was when they were at Roker Park".


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole was interviewed at least three times by Charlie Rose on his eponymous talk show. In a 17 January 2007 interview, O'Toole stated that British actor Eric Porter had most influenced him, adding that the difference between actors of yesterday and today is that actors of his generation were trained for "theatre, theatre, theatre". He also believes that the challenge for the actor is "to use his imagination to link to his emotion" and that "good parts make good actors". However, in other venues (including the DVD commentary for "Becket"), O'Toole credited Donald Wolfit as being his most important mentor.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: Severe illness almost ended O'Toole's life in the late 1970s. His stomach cancer was misdiagnosed as resulting from his alcoholic excess. O'Toole underwent surgery in 1976 to have his pancreas and a large portion of his stomach removed, which resulted in insulin-dependent diabetes. In 1978, he nearly died from a blood disorder. He eventually recovered and returned to work. He resided on the Sky Road, just outside Clifden, Connemara, County Galway from 1963, and at the height of his career maintained homes in Dublin, London and Paris (at the Ritz, which was where his character supposedly lived in the film "How to Steal a Million").


title: Peter O'Toole

text: In an interview with National Public Radio in December 2006, O'Toole revealed that he knew all 154 of Shakespeare's sonnets. A self-described romantic, O'Toole said of the sonnets that nothing in the English language compares with them, and read them daily. In "Venus", he recites Sonnet 18 ("Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"). O'Toole wrote two memoirs. "Loitering With Intent: The Child" chronicles his childhood in the years leading up to World War II and was a "New York Times" Notable Book of the Year in 1992. His second, "Loitering With Intent: The Apprentice", is about his years spent training with a cadre of friends at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole retired from acting in July 2012 owing to a recurrence of stomach cancer. He died on 14 December 2013 at Wellington Hospital in St John's Wood, London, at the age of 81. His funeral was held at Golders Green Crematorium in London on 21 December 2013, where his body was cremated in a wicker coffin. His family stated their intention to fulfil his wishes and take his ashes to the west of Ireland.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: On 18 May 2014, a new prize was launched in memory of Peter O'Toole at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School; this includes an annual award given to two young actors from the School, including a professional contract at Bristol Old Vic Theatre. He has a memorial plaque in St Paul's, the Actors' Church in Covent Garden, London.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: On 21 April 2017, the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin announced that Kate O'Toole had placed her father's archive at the humanities research centre. The collection includes O'Toole's scripts, extensive published and unpublished writings, props, photographs, letters, medical records, and more. It joins the archives of several of O'Toole's collaborators and friends including Donald Wolfit, Eli Wallach, Peter Glenville, Sir Tom Stoppard, and Dame Edith Evans.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole was the recipient of numerous nominations and awards. He was offered a knighthood but rejected it in objection to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's policies. He received four Golden Globe Awards, one BAFTA Award for Best British Actor (for "Lawrence of Arabia") and one Primetime Emmy Award.


title: Peter O'Toole

text: O'Toole was nominated eight times for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, but was never able to win a competitive Oscar. In 2002, the Academy honoured him with an Academy Honorary Award for his entire body of work and his lifelong contribution to film. O'Toole initially balked about accepting, and wrote the Academy a letter saying that he was "still in the game" and would like more time to "win the lovely bugger outright". The Academy informed him that they would bestow the award whether he wanted it or not. He told "Charlie Rose" in January 2007 that his children admonished him, saying that it was the highest honour one could receive in the filmmaking industry. O'Toole agreed to appear at the ceremony and receive his Honorary Oscar. It was presented to him by Meryl Streep, who has the most Oscar nominations of any actor or actress (19). He joked with Robert Osborne, during an interview at Turner Classic Movies' film festival that he's the "Biggest Loser of All Time", due to his lack of an Academy Award, after many nominations.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Army of the Dead is a 2021 American zombie heist film directed by Zack Snyder from a screenplay he co-wrote with Shay Hatten and Joby Harold, based on a story he also created. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Dave Bautista, Ella Purnell, Omari Hardwick, Ana de la Reguera, Theo Rossi, Matthias Schweighöfer, Nora Arnezeder, Hiroyuki Sanada, Tig Notaro, Raúl Castillo, Huma Qureshi, and Garret Dillahunt. It follows a group of mercenaries who plan a Las Vegas casino heist amid a zombie apocalypse.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Snyder conceived the idea for "Army of the Dead" as a spiritual successor to his 2004 debut film "Dawn of the Dead". Originally from Warner Bros. Pictures, the project was announced in 2007 with Matthijs van Heijningen Jr. attached to direct. However, the film spent several years in development hell before Netflix acquired distribution rights in 2019. With a US$70–90 million production budget and Snyder also serving as cinematographer, principal photography took place in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Atlantic City, New Jersey, in mid-2019. The film underwent reshoots in September 2020 after several sexual misconduct allegations were made against cast member Chris D'Elia; he was replaced by Notaro using green screens and CGI.


title: Army of the Dead

text: "Army of the Dead" was released in select theaters in the United States for a week on May 14, 2021, and was digitally released on Netflix on May 21. Critics praised the film for its humor and found it would appeal to fans of "both Snyder and ensemble action flicks", but criticized its plot and runtime. At the 94th Academy Awards, it won the "Oscars Fan Favorite" contest. It grossed $1 million at the box office. The film also spawned a franchise consisting of the spin-off prequel "Army of Thieves"; an upcoming anime-style series subtitled ""; and a direct sequel titled "Planet of the Dead" which is in development.


title: Army of the Dead

text: A United States military convoy traveling from Area 51 collides with a car on the highway outside Las Vegas. The convoy's cargo, a zombie, escapes, killing and infecting several soldiers before heading into the city. There, the original and subsequent zombies infect most of the city's population. After a military intervention fails, the government quarantines the city.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Six years later, casino owner Bly Tanaka and his associate Martin approach mercenary and former Las Vegas resident Scott Ward about a job to recover $200 million from his casino vault in Las Vegas before the military deploys a tactical nuclear strike on the city. Ward agrees and recruits his former teammates Maria Cruz and Vanderohe, along with helicopter pilot Marianne Peters, German safecracker Ludwig Dieter, and Chicano sharpshooter Mikey Guzman, who brings along his associate Chambers. Martin joins the team to give them access to the casino. Ward's estranged daughter Kate, who works at a quarantine camp, directs them to Lilly, a smuggler familiar with the city, who also recruits Burt Cummings, an abusive camp security guard. When Kate learns Lilly escorted her friend Geeta into Las Vegas, Kate insists on joining the team over Ward's objections.


title: Army of the Dead

text: After an encounter with a zombified tiger upon entering Las Vegas, Lilly wounds Cummings and explains that a group of intelligent zombies known as "Alphas" will allow safe passage in exchange for a sacrifice. An Alpha female known as the Queen takes Cummings away to the Olympus casino, where the Alpha leader Zeus infects him. Lilly leads the team to a building full of hibernating, normal zombies. Ward creates a path through the zombies with glow sticks. When Chambers accuses Martin of ulterior motives, he diverts her off the path, and she wakes the zombies. After she is surrounded and bitten, Guzman shoots the gasoline canister on her back, killing her and the surrounding zombie horde.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Arriving at Bly's casino, Ward and Kate turn on the power, Peters prepares a helicopter on the roof, and Dieter works on the vault. Martin and Lilly stay outside under the pretense of keeping watch but instead lure the Queen into the open. Martin beheads her and takes her head. Zeus discovers her body and returns her to the Olympus casino, revealing that the Queen was pregnant with a zombie fetus. Enraged, Zeus directs the Alphas to the casino. A news report reveals the government has brought forward the nuclear strike, giving the team approximately 90 minutes. As Dieter opens the vault, Ward discovers Kate had left to look for Geeta. As Ward and Cruz are about to search for her, the Alphas appear and kill Cruz.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Martin traps the team in the basement, explaining that Bly cares only about the zombie head, which can create a zombie army for the government and is worth more than the money in the vault. When he steps outside, he discovers Lilly stole the Queen's head, and the tiger mauls him to death. Vanderohe attempts to fight Zeus but is easily overpowered. Dieter sacrifices himself to get Vanderohe into the vault safely. Ward, Lilly, and Guzman make it to the lobby, where zombies attack them and swarm Guzman, who detonates his grenades, killing the zombies at the cost of his own life and destroying the money he carried. Zeus confronts them on the roof. Lilly distracts him with the Queen's head as Ward and Peters escape. Zeus fatally impales Lilly, who destroys the Queen's head by dropping it off the roof.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Peters takes Ward to the Olympus casino to retrieve Kate. Inside, Kate finds Geeta and kills the infected Cummings. Zeus chases them onto Peters' helicopter, and Ward accidentally shoots Peters, causing the helicopter to fly haphazardly. Zeus overpowers Ward and bites him. As the nuke destroys Las Vegas, Zeus is distracted by the bomb flash, and Ward kills him. The nuke's shock wave causes the helicopter to crash, killing Peters and Geeta. Kate survives and finds Ward, who gives Kate money to start a new life before turning into a zombie. Kate kills him and breaks down in tears as a rescue helicopter arrives.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Having survived the blast, Vanderohe exits the vault with the remaining money and later rents a plane to take him to Mexico City. On the flight, he discovers that he has been bitten.


title: Army of the Dead

text: On March 25, 2007, Warner Bros. Pictures announced it would produce the zombie film "Army of the Dead", based on a story by Zack Snyder and using a screenplay written by Joby Harold. In a statement, Snyder said he wanted the film to feel similar to his previous projects "Dawn of the Dead" (2004) and "300" (2007) and that it would center around a father in Las Vegas "who tries to save his daughter from imminent death in a zombie-infested world." At the time, Wesley Coller was attached to executive produce, with Snyder and his wife Deborah Snyder producing through Cruel & Unusual Films (now known as The Stone Quarry). The film is not a sequel to "Dawn of the Dead" but rather a spiritual successor. During "Dawn of the Dead"s production, Snyder got the idea and realized he needed a new origin story to develop the plot and a new incarnation of the living dead. He titled the project "Army of the Dead" as a tribute to the "Night of the Living Dead" series from George A. Romero. Snyder clarified his work on the project by saying it was "not made by committee. It's definitely a movie that's incredibly personal and singular."


title: Army of the Dead

text: In June 2008, Dutch commercial director and visual artist Matthijs van Heijningen Jr. was signed on to the project to make his feature directorial debut. By October 2011, however, the film was in development hell; van Heijningen said the film had been shelved "three months before shooting" as a result of the financial crisis of 2007–2008. In an interview, van Heijningen also said the film, if moved forward, would include scenes where "the male zombies rape human females. And they have human hybrid zombie offsprings."


title: Army of the Dead

text: In February 2012, van Heijningen said Warner Bros. Pictures would cancel "Army of the Dead" "because of the expense of shooting in Las Vegas." After a failed attempt from Legendary Entertainment to produce it, Netflix acquired the distribution rights to the project in January 2019, now described as a zombie heist film, with Snyder attached to direct. In the initial report, given by "The Hollywood Reporter", it was announced Netflix had given the film a $90 million production budget, with filming scheduled to begin that same year; Snyder added, "I thought this was a good palate cleanser to really dig in with both hands and make something fun and epic and crazy and bonkers in the best possible way. I love to honor canon and the works of art, but this is the opportunity to find a purely joyful way to express myself through a genre." As Harold's script was written with a different director and budget in mind, Snyder opted to rewrite the script in collaboration with Shay Hatten.


title: Army of the Dead

text: According to Snyder, Warner Bros. Pictures had been strict on their plans for the feature film and experienced budget issues as a result. Netflix allowed the director to create most of his ideas for the project. Snyder recalled a meeting where he spoke about several screenplays he was working on, and after mentioning "Army of the Dead", Netflix head of original films Scott Stuber told him to "Go write that movie and let's make it. Go write it tomorrow, and we'll shoot it in a week."


title: Army of the Dead

text: Dave Bautista was cast in April 2019, with the production budget now reported at $70 million. In joining the film, Bautista said his initial reaction to the offer was a clear "no," as the actor was searching for dramatic roles, but wanting to work with Snyder and having read the screenplay, he changed his mind and agreed to star. He also mentioned that he had to choose the project over "The Suicide Squad", and told Digital Spy, "I had "The Suicide Squad" where I got to work with my boy [James Gunn] again, even though it's a smaller role, and then I had "Army of the Dead" on which I get to work with Zack, I get to build a relationship with Netflix, I get a lead role in a great film – and I get paid a lot more money. I had to call James, and I told him, 'It breaks my heart because as a friend, I want to be there with you, but professionally, this is the smart decision for me."


title: Army of the Dead

text: The following month, Ella Purnell, Ana de la Reguera, Theo Rossi, and Huma Qureshi were cast, and character descriptions were released. In July 2019, Omari Hardwick, Chris D'Elia, Hiroyuki Sanada, Garret Dillahunt, Raúl Castillo, Nora Arnezeder, Matthias Schweighöfer, Samantha Win, and Richard Cetrone were all announced as part of the cast. In an interview, Reguera was asked why she wanted to join the film and said it was because of its screenplay and that compared to other zombie features, "Army of the Dead" was "always about love." With the same question, Hardwick responded by saying he admired Snyder's unique cinematic style. Arnezeder replied by saying she enjoyed the screenplay for being a "zombie movie with a lot of poetry and a lot of different genres. It was funny at times; it had some thriller aspects to it. It's incorporating a lot of different genres that are melting really well together. It's really well put together." Schweighöfer responded to the question by saying he wanted to work with Snyder and also enjoyed the idea of playing a German with actual character and a sense of humor.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Before filming began, the cast was taken to "Zombie Boot Camp," where they trained their gun handling skills and practiced working as a group. Schweighöfer, who portrays a safecracker inexperienced with killing zombies, actually knew how to use a firearm and had to be trained to "look less skilled." Furthermore, Snyder has a brief cameo in the film, where he can be seen for a second on the reflection of a mirror holding a camera. Pointing it out, he said, "We were going to take it out but I told them to leave it, it's good."


title: Army of the Dead

text: Principal photography for "Army of the Dead" began on July 15, 2019, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and moved to Albuquerque Studios in August. Filming in Atlantic City, New Jersey, began in September, where the Atlantic Club Casino Hotel and the Showboat Atlantic City, both closed in 2014, were used for interior scenes and on-location filming. According to the New Jersey Motion Picture and Television Commission, $25 million from the film's budget were used for production in Atlantic City. Additional filming took place in Las Vegas, Nevada, and Los Angeles, California.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Snyder also served as the film's cinematographer and as his first feature using digital cameras, the company Red Digital Cinema designed custom-made "Red Monstro" cameras that could use the 1960s Canon 50mm 0.95 rangefinder lenses Snyder had bought on eBay, giving the film what he described as "dreamlike, out-of-focus [imagery]" with "a soft, organic look." In a press release from Netflix, it was revealed the film's opening scene took five weeks to shoot, as Snyder wanted to capture it with natural light. Bautista also noted the filmmaker's direction and said that as the cameraman, Snyder would spend a lot of time shooting scenes from different angles, capturing hours of footage that included simply facial expressions, and would sometimes "go off on his own and start filming whatever he wants."


title: Army of the Dead

text: In August 2020, a year after filming had concluded, it was announced D'Elia would be cut from the film due to sexual misconduct allegations and that Tig Notaro would replace him. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Notaro shot her scenes that September throughout 14 days with an acting partner using green screens; Reguera was the only cast member to return for the reshoots and shot two scenes with Notaro in half a day. After the reshoots, Notaro was added into the final product through CGI. On recasting the actor, Snyder said the decision was "fairly easy" but that it cost "a few million [dollars]." By March 2021, Snyder confirmed that work on the film had been completed.


title: Army of the Dead

text: The film's visual effects supervisor was Marcus Taormina. Wanting to capture aerial footage of the Las Vegas Strip, Taormina and his VFX crew were told by various casino owners that they were not allowed to enter their casinos and also could not access their roofs. As a result, Taormina and about a dozen VFX still photographers spent 12 days using scissor lifts, drones, and a Phase One camera attached to a helicopter to capture the footage and create a 3D model of the area, using LiDAR scanning, that was implemented during filming and post-production. To create Valentine, the zombie-tiger seen in the film, the VFX crew met with big-cat rights activist Carole Baskin (months before Netflix released "Tiger King") and visited Big Cat Rescue in Tampa, Florida, to model their designs around one of the white tigers, named Sapphire, present in the sanctuary.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Dutch composer Tom Holkenborg confirmed on a Reddit AMA in May 2020 that he would be composing the film's score. The soundtrack album was released by Milan Records on May 21, 2021. It includes Holkenborg's score and the Elvis Presley song "Viva Las Vegas" (performed by Richard Cheese and Allison Crowe). In an interview, Holkenborg recalled that Snyder told him to make the music "modern, make it unworldly, make it as emotional as you can with soft, dark, underlining haunting elements." To accomplish this, he created a "totally electronic score [...] packed with adrenaline-pumping music" that Snyder later said he enjoyed.


title: Army of the Dead

text: The marketing campaign from Netflix for "Army of the Dead" began on January 6, 2021, when "exclusive" images of the film were released and Snyder described it as a "full-blown, balls-to-the-wall zombie heist movie." In February, a promotional poster and images of the ensemble cast were released. As the film received an "R" rating from the Motion Picture Association, "/Film" expressed their reaction to the promotional content by writing that they were "very interested in seeing [Snyder] return to the world of zombies."


title: Army of the Dead

text: On February 25, 2021, Netflix unveiled its first teaser trailer for the film. From "Deadline Hollywood", Patrick Hipes said it was "epic in scope" and compared the film's ensemble cast to that of "Ocean's Eleven" (2001). Meanwhile, "Collider" said that the teaser was brief and found it to be a bit vague but wrote that the film "looks like it's going to whip unholy amounts of ass. Snyder has become a lightning rod for hot takes in recent years, and whether or not you think that's deserved, it is nice to remember that he thrives in big, loud, glorious nonsense. "Army of the Dead" looks like the peak of big, loud, glorious nonsense, and I could not mean that as a compliment any harder."


title: Army of the Dead

text: That April, 15 more posters were released that were noted for their usage of a "vibrant, neon-lit" color scheme and for teasing a film "full of action and color." On April 13, 2021, an official 3-minute trailer was released featuring the Kenny Rogers-performed song "The Gambler". While "Deadline Hollywood" said the music choice was "eerie," "Collider" repeatedly said "Hell yeah" while commenting on several aspects of the trailer. Additionally, Ben Pearson from "/Film" said that the trailer showed that Snyder was "completely unleashed here, free to tell an absolutely insane-looking heist story," compared it to "Hell or High Water" (2016), and wrote that it "looks like a total blast."


title: Army of the Dead

text: Shortly after, the trailer went viral, and Notaro was invited to "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" after her appearance as the cigar-smoking Marianne Peters received positive remarks on social media. On May 13, 2021, the first 15 minutes of the film were released online, as the last major marketing stunt for "Army of the Dead" before its release. To access the footage, viewers around the world were invited to watch a live stream on YouTube showing construction workers digging for, finding, and blowing up a vault buried in a desert. After the stream was over, the first 15 minutes became available for exactly 32 hours, the same amount of time the heist members had in the film to open the vault.


title: Army of the Dead

text: With Dave Bautista being a former professional wrestler for WWE, the company featured a marketing tie-in during their pay-per-view and WWE Network event, WrestleMania Backlash, which aired on May 16, 2021. In addition to Bautista doing a voice over for the show's opening vignette, a tie-in occurred during a match on the show. Wrestlers Damian Priest and The Miz faced each other in a Lumberjack match, which features other wrestlers (the "lumberjacks") surrounding the ring to keep the two competing wrestlers inside the ring; the lumberjacks for this match acted as zombies. The LED screens surrounding the arena also showed a post-apocalyptic city. While WWE received $1 million for the tie-in, the match, particularly the ending where Miz was seemingly eaten alive by the zombies, was panned by fans and critics, with the "New York Post" calling it "one of WWE's saddest moments ever."


title: Army of the Dead

text: The film was released for one week in 600 locations in the U.S. on May 14, 2021, including 330 Cinemark theaters, making it the first Netflix film to receive a wide release at a major theater chain and one of several to have Cinemark releases after "The Midnight Sky", "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom", and "The Christmas Chronicles 2". On May 21, the film was digitally released on Netflix. A making-of documentary, titled "Creating an Army of the Dead", was also released on May 21. "Army of the Dead: The Making of the Film", a 192-page book written by Peter Aperlo featuring behind-the-scenes photography of filming sets, costume designs, and storyboards along with interviews, was released on June 1, 2021.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Initial estimates said the film made approximately $265,000 on its first day of release, $323,000 on Saturday, and $192,000 on Sunday, grossing $780,000 over its opening weekend at 430–600 theaters. The figure was below industry projections, which had estimated a $1.5–2 million debut based on pre-sales, but had a better theatrical opening for a Netflix film compared to the $200,000 earned by "Roma" in 2018. Over its first 10 days of release, the film grossed over $1 million.


title: Army of the Dead

text: In its first 28 days on Netflix, "Army of the Dead" was watched in 75 million households, totaling a viewership of 186.54 million hours. At the time of its release, the film tied with "Project Power" as the eighth most-watched original film on the streamer. According to Nielsen, it was the most-streamed-title in the U.S. for the week of May 17–23, with a viewership of 913 million minutes and 60% of its audience being male. In the following week, it had a viewership of 784 million minutes, making it the most-streamed-film on Netflix and the second most-streamed-title of the week. In the third week it fell to the sixth position among its film rankings with a viewership of 250 million minutes. The following week it fell to the tenth position among films, being viewed for 117 million minutes.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Following the release of "Army of Thieves", the film acquired the seventh position on Netflix's rankings for week of October 25–31, 2021 with a viewership of 5.78 million hours, based on its updated methodology of measuring a film by the total number of hours it was viewed. The following week it rose to fourth position with a viewership of 16.91 million hours, while falling to the seventh position for the week of November 8–14 with a viewership of 7.62 million hours.


title: Army of the Dead

text: Upon its streaming release some viewers criticized the film after finding several dead pixels on their screens.


title: Army of the Dead

text: The website's critical consensus reads, "An ambitious, over-the-top zombie heist mashup, "Army of the Dead" brings Zack Snyder back to his genre roots with a suitably gory splash." PostTrak reported that 83% of audience members gave the film a positive score.


title: Army of the Dead

text: "Collider" reported that critics praised the film for its humor but criticized its runtime, which was 148 minutes, and found that it would appeal to fans of "both Snyder and ensemble action flicks." Brian Tallerico of "RogerEbert.com" said the film was better than Snyder's "Dawn of the Dead" but worse than any zombie film by George A. Romero, the creator of the original "Dawn of the Dead" (1978). While noting that the film was "pretty deliberate" and "lean" despite its runtime and criticizing its characters, Tallerico said the film was clever and gave positive remarks to its action sequences, writing that they were "the kind of fun, clever beats that keep "Army of the Dead" alive." Owen Gleiberman from "Variety" had a similar response, lauding it for being able to tackle several genres concurrently while also stating that it lacked substance, like "good diner food served with extra ketchup."


title: Army of the Dead

text: Writing for "The New York Times", Jeannette Catsoulis praised the film's prologue and found the film to be a "weirdly mesmeric lump of splatter-pop filmmaking", but criticized most of the characters as unmemorable and tiresome, except for Schweighöfer and Notaro. "Vanity Fair"s Richard Lawson, on the other hand, commended Bautista's performance and the film's characters and cited the film as a return to form for Snyder. Richard Roeper of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film three stars out of four, noting its excess of "horrific bloodshed", but wrote that it was an "extremely well-executed entry in the [zombie] genre with some wickedly sharp humor and the obligatory heartfelt family reconciliation moments sprinkled among the exploding heads and dripping entrails". For "Time", Stephanie Zacharek summarized the feature film by writing that it was "too scattershot, perhaps too derivative and definitely too long. But it's definitely a movie, as well as a perfectly acceptable turn-your-brain-off entertainment."


title: Army of the Dead

text: In September 2020, Netflix announced that they had greenlit two prequels to "Army of the Dead": a spin-off prequel film and an anime-style prequel series, to expand the franchise. A film serving as a direct sequel to "Army of the Dead" was later confirmed the following year.


title: Army of the Dead

text: From a screenplay by "Army of the Dead" co-writer Shay Hatten, Schweighöfer directed, produced, and stars in "Army of Thieves", a film set before the events of "Army of the Dead" that follows his character, Ludwig Dieter, during the early stages of the zombie outbreak. According to Schweighöfer, he did not know about the project until after filming for "Army of the Dead" had concluded. The film also stars Nathalie Emmanuel, Guz Khan, Ruby O. Fee, Stuart Martin, Jonathan Cohen, Noemie Nakai, Peter Simonischek, and John Bubniak. Production on the film concluded in December 2020. The film was released by Netflix on October 29, 2021.


title: Army of the Dead

text: The anime-style series "Army of the Dead: Lost Vegas" also serves as a prequel and follows several characters during the start of the zombie outbreak. When asked about the series, Ana de la Reguera said that "you'll get to learn what's Cruz's backstory, how she and Dave Bautista's character, Scott Ward, met, what we were doing before. We show it in the movie a little bit, that we used to work together. We were war veterans and all of that. But you'll get to see more of the action before, how we were fighting zombies before. I can't reveal much but it's a lot of fun." Along with Reguera and Bautista, the series also has Ella Purnell, Tig Notaro, and Omari Hardwick reprising their roles from the film. Snyder has also said that the animated series would explore the "ambiguity" to the origin of the zombies, including the "robot zombies" that are seen in the film.


title: Army of the Dead

text: In May 2021, Zack Snyder mentioned the possibility of a sequel and said in an interview, "I'm knocking on wood right here, but if there was an opportunity for a sequel, Shay [Hatten] and I know exactly what happens with that. Now, of course, if we were to do a sequel to this, it continues the zombie story. It takes it even further." Producer Deborah Snyder implied that the sequel could be set in New Mexico, an "intentional" choice, and said that there was "still more story to tell, and I know that Zack and Shay have a lot of ideas that are kind of fleshed out. If there was an appetite for another film, I think we're ready to go." A sequel was confirmed to be in development in July 2021, with Hatten and Snyder working on a story. Snyder said he will tackle the project after he finishes working on his next film, "Rebel Moon". In October 2021, the sequel's title was revealed to be "Planet of the Dead". That same month, Snyder teased the return of Dieter and "Army of Thieves" character Gwendoline Starr.


title: Trans woman

text: A trans woman or a transgender woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth. Trans women have a female gender identity, may experience gender dysphoria, and may transition; this process commonly includes hormone replacement therapy and sometimes sex reassignment surgery, which can bring relief and resolve feelings of gender dysphoria. Like cisgender women, trans women may have any sexual orientation.


title: Trans woman

text: The term "transgender woman" is not always interchangeable with "transsexual woman", although the terms are often used interchangeably. "Transgender" is an umbrella term that includes different types of gender variant people (including transsexual people).


title: Trans woman

text: Trans women face significant discrimination in many areas of life, including in employment and access to housing, and face physical and sexual violence and hate crimes, including from partners; in the United States, discrimination is particularly severe towards trans women who are members of a racial minority, who often face the intersection of transphobia and racism.


title: Trans woman

text: Trans women may experience gender dysphoria, distress brought upon by the discrepancy between their gender identity and the sex that was assigned to them at birth (and the associated gender role or primary and secondary sex characteristics).


title: Trans woman

text: Trans women may transition. A major component of medical transition for trans women is feminizing hormone therapy, which causes the development of female secondary sex characteristics (breasts, redistribution of body fat, lower waist–hip ratio, etc.). This, along with sex reassignment surgery can relieve the person of gender dysphoria.


title: Trans woman

text: "Transgender" (commonly abbreviated as "trans") is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression are different from those typically associated with members of the sex they were assigned at birth. Transgender women, sometimes called male-to-female (MtF), are those who were assigned the male sex at birth (AMAB), but who identify and live as women.


title: Trans woman

text: "Trans woman" may also be short for "transsexual woman. Transsexual" is a subset of "transgender," referring to people who desire to medically transition to the sex with which they identify, usually through sex reassignment therapies, such as hormone replacement therapy and sex reassignment surgery, to align their body with their identified sex or gender. The term is rejected by some as outdated, though others within the trans community still identify as transsexual.


title: Trans woman

text: "Transfeminine" (or ) is a broader umbrella term for assigned-male trans individuals with a predominantly feminine identity and/or gender expression. This includes trans women, but is used especially for AMAB non-binary people, who may have a identity that is partially feminine, but not wholly female.


title: Trans woman

text: The spelling (written as a single word) is occasionally used interchangeably with "trans woman" (where "trans" is an adjective describing a kind of woman). However, this variant is often associated with views (notably gender-critical feminism) that exclude trans women from "woman", and thus require a separate word to describe them. For this reason, many transgender people find the spelling offensive. Some prefer to omit "trans", and be called simply "women."


title: Trans woman

text: In several Latin American countries, the word "travesti" is sometimes used to designate people who have been assigned male sex at birth, but develop a female gender identity. The use of "travesti" precedes "transgender" in the region; its distinction from "trans woman" is controversial and can vary depending on the context, ranging from considering it a regional equivalent to a third gender.


title: Trans woman

text: Trans women vary greatly in terms of sexual orientation. A survey of roughly 3000 American trans women showed 31% of them identifying as bisexual, 29% as "gay/lesbian/same-gender", 23% as heterosexual, 7% as asexual, as well as 7% identifying as "queer" and 2% as "other".


title: Trans woman

text: In a 2008 study, no statistically significant difference in libido was detected between trans women and cisgender women. As in males, female libido is thought to correlate with serum testosterone levels (with some controversy) but the 2008 study found no such correlation in trans women. Another study, published in 2014, found that 62.4% of trans women reported their sexual desire had decreased after sexual reassignment therapy.


title: Trans woman

text: Trans women face a form of violence known as trans bashing. The "Washington Blade" reported that Global Rights, an international NGO, tracked the mistreatment of trans women in Brazil, including at the hands of the police. To commemorate those who have been murdered in hate crimes, an annual Transgender Day of Remembrance is held in various locations across the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, with details and sources for each murder provided at their website.


title: Trans woman

text: According to a 2009 report by the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs, quoted by the Office for Victims of Crime, 11% of all hate crimes towards members of the LGBTQ community were directed towards trans women.


title: Trans woman

text: In 2015, a false statistic was widely reported in the United States media stating that the life expectancy of a trans woman of color is only 35 years. This appears to be based on a comment specifically about Latin America in a report by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which compiled data on the age at death of murdered trans women for all of the Americas (North, South, and Central), and does not disaggregate by race.


title: Trans woman

text: In 2016, 23 transgender people suffered fatal attacks in the United States. The Human Rights Campaign report found some of these deaths to be direct results of an anti-transgender bias, and some due to related factors such as homelessness.


title: Trans woman

text: One type of violence towards trans women is committed by perpetrators who learn that their sexual partner is transgender, and feel deceived ("trans panic"). Almost 95% of these crimes were committed by cisgender men towards trans women. According to a 2005 paper looking at HIV needs analysis in Houston, Texas, "50% of transgender people surveyed had been hit by a primary partner after coming out as transgender".


title: Trans woman

text: Like all gender variant people, trans women often face discrimination and transphobia, particularly those who are not perceived as cisgender. A 2015 survey from The Williams Institute found that, of 27,715 transgender respondents, 52% whose families had rejected them attempted suicide, as did 64.9% of those who were physically attacked in the past year.


title: Trans woman

text: A survey of roughly 3000 trans women living in the United States, as summarized in the report "Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey", found that trans women reported that:


title: Trans woman

text: The American National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs' report of 2010 anti-LGBTQ violence found that of the 27 people who were murdered because of their LGBTQ identity, 44% were trans women. Discrimination is particularly severe towards non-white trans women, who experience the intersection of racism and transphobia. For example, a potential result of such discrimination is that multiracial, Latina, Black and Indigenous American trans women are twice to more than three times as likely as white trans women to be sexually assaulted in prison.


title: Trans woman

text: In her book "Whipping Girl", trans woman Julia Serano refers to the unique discrimination trans women experience as "transmisogyny".


title: Trans woman

text: Discrimination against trans women has occurred at the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival after the Festival set out a rule that it would only be a space for cisgender females. This led to protests by trans women and their allies, and a boycott of the Festival by Equality Michigan in 2014. The boycott was joined by the Human Rights Campaign, GLAAD, the National Center for Lesbian Rights, and the National LGBTQ Task Force. The "womyn-born-womyn" intention first came to attention in 1991 after a transsexual festival-goer, Nancy Burkholder, was asked to leave the festival when several women recognized her as a trans woman and expressed discomfort with her presence in the space.


title: Trans woman

text: Trans representation in television, film, news, and other forms of media was slim before the 21st century. Early mainstream accounts and fictional depictions of trans women almost always relied on common tropes and stereotypes. However, portrayals have steadily grown and improved in tandem with activism. In the movie , director Sam Feder explores Hollywood's history of trans representation and the cultural effects of such depictions. Many notable 21st century trans actresses and celebrities shared their stories in the film, including Laverne Cox, Alexandra Billings, Jamie Clayton, and more.


title: Green Book (film)

text: Green Book is a 2018 American biographical comedy-drama film directed by Peter Farrelly. Starring Viggo Mortensen and Mahershala Ali, the film is inspired by the true story of a 1962 tour of the Deep South by African-American pianist Don Shirley and Italian-American bouncer and later actor Frank "Tony Lip" Vallelonga, who served as Shirley's driver and bodyguard. Written by Farrelly alongside Lip's son Nick Vallelonga and Brian Hayes Currie, the film is based on interviews with Lip and Shirley, as well as letters Lip wrote to his then-wife. It is named after "The Negro Motorist Green Book", a guide book for African-American travelers published by Victor Hugo Green from 1936 to 1966.


title: Green Book (film)

text: "Green Book" had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2018, where it won the People's Choice Award. It was then theatrically released in the United States on November 16, 2018, by Universal Pictures, and grossed $321 million worldwide. The film received positive reviews from critics, with praise for the performances of Mortensen and Ali, although it also drew some criticism of its depiction of both race and Shirley.


title: Green Book (film)

text: "Green Book" received numerous awards and nominations. It won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Supporting Actor (for Ali). It also won the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture, the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and the National Board of Review award for the best film of 2018, and was chosen as one of the top 10 films of the year by the American Film Institute. Ali also won the Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, and BAFTA Awards for Best Supporting Actor.


title: Green Book (film)

text: In the Bronx in 1962, Italian-American bouncer Tony Lip searches for new employment while the Copacabana is closed for renovations. He is invited to an interview with Dr. Don Shirley, an African-American pianist in need of a driver for his eight-week concert tour through the Midwest and Deep South. Don hires Tony on the strength of his references. They embark with plans to return to New York City on Christmas Eve. Don's record label gives Tony a copy of "The Negro Motorist Green Book", a guide for African-American travelers to find motels, restaurants, and filling stations that would serve them in the Jim Crow South.


title: Green Book (film)

text: Tony and Don initially clash as Tony feels uncomfortable being asked to act with more refinement, while haughty Don is displeased by Tony's habits. As the tour progresses, Tony is impressed with Don's talent on the piano and is increasingly appalled by the discriminatory treatment that Don receives from his hosts and the general public when he is not onstage. In Louisville, Kentucky, a group of white men beat Don and threaten his life in a bar before Tony rescues him. He instructs Don not to go out without him for the rest of the tour.


title: Green Book (film)

text: Throughout the journey, Don helps Tony write eloquent letters to his wife, which deeply move her. Tony encourages Don to get in touch with his own estranged brother, but Don is hesitant, observing that he has become isolated by his professional life and achievements. Don is later found in a homosexual encounter with a white man at a pool, and Tony bribes officers to prevent his arrest. The two were arrested in Mississippi after a police officer pulls them over late at night in a sundown town, and Tony punches the officer after being insulted. While they are incarcerated, Don asks to call his lawyer and instead uses the phone call to reach Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, who pressures the governor and police officers to release the two.


title: Green Book (film)

text: On the night of Don's final performance in Birmingham, Alabama, he is refused entry into the whites-only dining room of the country club where he has been hired to perform. Tony threatens the owner, and Don refuses to play since they refuse to serve him in the room with his audience. Tony and Don leave the venue and instead have dinner at a black blues club, where Don joins the band on piano. The pair head north in an attempt to make it home by Christmas Eve but are caught in a blizzard. They are then once again pulled over by a police officer. Worried they're about to get the same treatment, both are surprised when the officer turns out be friendly and only pulled them over because he noticed one of their tires was about to go out. The officer then helps them fix a flat tire and they're able to make it home. Tony invites Don to have dinner with his family, but Don declines. Sitting alone at home, Don changes his mind and returns to Tony's home, where he receives a surprisingly warm welcome by Tony's extended family.


title: Green Book (film)

text: The end title cards show real-life photos of Don and Tony. It states that Don continued to tour and create music, while Tony went back to his work at the Copacabana, and that they remained friends until dying months apart in 2013.


title: Green Book (film)

text: In addition, Tony and Dolores Vallelonga's son, Frank Jr., appears as his own uncle, Rudy (Rodolfo) Vallelonga (who says, "I'm just saying, we're an arty family"), while their younger son (and the film's co-producer and co-screenwriter), Nick, appears as Augie, the Mafioso who offers Tony a job doing "things" while the Copacabana is under renovation. The real Rodolfo Vallelonga appears as his own father, Grandpa Nicola Vallelonga, while the real Louis Venere appears as his own father, Grandpa Anthony Venere. Another co-producer and co-screenwriter, Brian Currie, plays the Maryland State Trooper who helps out in the snow storm. Actor Daniel Greene, who frequently appears in films directed by the Farrelly brothers, portrays Macon Cop #1.


title: Green Book (film)

text: Viggo Mortensen began negotiations to star in the film in May 2017 and was required to gain 40–50 pounds (18–23 kg) for the role. Peter Farrelly was set to direct from a screenplay written by Nick Vallelonga (Tony Lip's son), Brian Currie, and himself.


title: Green Book (film)

text: On November 30, 2017, the lead cast was set with Mortensen, Mahershala Ali, Linda Cardellini and Iqbal Theba confirmed to star. Production began that week in New Orleans. Sebastian Maniscalco was announced as part of the cast in January 2018. Score composer Kris Bowers also taught Ali basic piano skills and was the stand-in when closeups of hands playing were required.


title: Green Book (film)

text: The script was written by Vallelonga's son Nick Vallelonga, as well as Brian Hayes Currie and Peter Farrelly, after conversations with his father and Shirley.


title: Green Book (film)

text: For the film's soundtrack, Farrelly incorporated an original score by composer Kris Bowers and one of Shirley's own recordings. The soundtrack also includes rarities from 1950s and 1960s American music recommended to him by singer Robert Plant, who was dating a friend of Farrelly's wife at the time he had finished the film's script. During dinner on a double date, his wife and her friend stepped outside to smoke and the director asked Plant for advice on picking songs for the film that would be relatively unknown to contemporary audiences. This prompted Plant to play Farrelly songs via YouTube, including Sonny Boy Williamson II's "Pretty 'Lil Thing" and Robert Mosley's "Goodbye, My Lover, Goodbye".


title: Green Book (film)

text: In an interview with "Forbes", the director explained that the soundtrack ended up not only avoiding rote nostalgia, "but also those songs were really inexpensive and I did not have a huge budget so I was able to come up with some sensational pop songs from the time that were long forgotten." The music played at the black blues club toward the end of the film featured the piano performance of "Étude Op. 25, No. 11 (Chopin)", known as the Winter Wind etude by Chopin, was not included in the soundtrack release.


title: Green Book (film)

text: A soundtrack album was released digitally on November 16, 2018 and physically on November 30, 2018, by Milan Records, featuring Bowers' score, songs from the plot's era, and a piano recording by Shirley. According to the label, it was streamed approximately 10,000 times per day during January 2019. This rate doubled the next month as the album surpassed one million streams worldwide and became the highest-streamed jazz soundtrack in Milan's history.


title: Green Book (film)

text: "Green Book" began a limited release in 20 cities, in the United States, on November 16, 2018, and expanded nationwide on November 21, 2018. The film was previously scheduled to begin its release on the 21st. The studio spent an estimated $37.5 million on prints and advertisements for the film.


title: Green Book (film)

text: The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2018. It also opened the 29th New Orleans Film Festival on October 17, 2018, screened at AFI Fest on November 9, 2018 and was programmed as the surprise film at the BFI London Film Festival.


title: Green Book (film)

text: On November 7, 2018, during a promotional panel discussion, Mortensen said the word "nigger". He prefaced the sentence with, "I don't like saying this word", and went on to compare dialogue "that's no longer common in conversation" to the period in which the film is set. Mortensen apologized the next day, saying that "my intention was to speak strongly against racism" and that he was "very sorry that I did use the full word last night, and will not utter it again".


title: Green Book (film)

text: "Green Book" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 12, 2019, by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. The film was made available for purchase on streaming video in digital HD from Amazon Video and iTunes on February 19, 2019. It was also released on DVD and Blu-Ray by Entertainment One through 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in the UK in 2018.


title: Green Book (film)

text: "Green Book" grossed $85.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $236.7 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $321.8 million, against a production budget of $23 million. "Deadline Hollywood" calculated the net profit of the film to be $106 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.


title: Green Book (film)

text: The film made $312,000 from 25 theaters in its opening weekend, an average of $12,480 per venue, which "Deadline Hollywood" called "not good at all", although "TheWrap" said it was a "successful start," and noted strong word-of-mouth would likely help it going into its wide release. The film had its wide expansion alongside the openings of "Ralph Breaks the Internet", "Robin Hood" and "Creed II", and was projected to gross around $7–9 million over the five-day weekend, November 21 to 25. It made $908,000 on its first day of wide release and $1 million on its second. It grossed $5.4 million over the three-day weekend (and $7.4 million over the five), finishing ninth. "Deadline" wrote that the opening was "far from where [it needed] to be to be considered a success," and that strong audience word of mouth and impending award nominations would be needed in order to help the film develop box office legs. Rival studios argued that Universal went too wide too fast: from 25 theaters to 1,063 in less than a week.