title: Nissan

text: In June 2016, Nissan announced it will introduce its first range extender car in Japan before March 2017. The series plug-in hybrid will use a new hybrid system, dubbed e-Power, which debuted with the Nissan Gripz concept crossover showcased at the September 2015 Frankfurt Auto Show. , Nissan electric vehicles were sold in 48 world markets. Nissan global electric vehicle sales passed 275,000 units in December 2016.


title: Nissan

text: The second-generation Leaf was launched by Nissan in Japan in 2018. By December 2020, global deliveries totaled 500,000 Leaf cars, 10 years after its introduction.


title: Nissan

text: In August 2013 Nissan announced its plans to launch several driverless cars by 2020. The company is building a dedicated autonomous driving proving ground in Japan, to be completed in 2014. Nissan installed its autonomous car technology in a Nissan Leaf all-electric car for demonstration purposes. The car was demonstrated at Nissan 360 test drive event held in California in August 2013. In September 2013, the Leaf fitted with the prototype Advanced Driver Assistance System was granted a license plate that allows it to drive on Japanese public roads. The testing car will be used by Nissan engineers to evaluate how its in-house autonomous driving software performs in the real world. Time spent on public roads will help refine the car's software for fully automated driving. The autonomous Leaf was demonstrated on public roads for the first time at a media event held in Japan in November 2013. The Leaf drove on the Sagami Expressway in Kanagawa Prefecture, near Tokyo. Nissan vice chairman Toshiyuki Shiga and the prefecture's governor, Yuji Kuroiwa, rode in the car during the test.


title: Nissan

text: Nissan has also had a number of ventures outside the automotive industry, most notably the Tu–Ka mobile phone service (est. 1994), which was sold to DDI and Japan Telecom (both now merged into KDDI) in 1999. Nissan offers a subscription-based telematics service in select vehicles to drivers in Japan, called CarWings. Nissan also owns Nissan Marine, a joint venture with Tohatsu Corp that produces motors for smaller boats and other maritime equipment.


title: Nissan

text: Nissan also built solid rocket motors for orbital launch vehicles such as the Lambda 4S and M-V. The aerospace and defense division of Nissan was sold to IHI Corporation in 2000.


title: Nissan

text: Nismo is the motorsports division of Nissan, founded in 1984. Nismo cars have participated in the All Japan Sports Prototype Championship, Super GT, IMSA GT Championship, World Sportscar Championship, FIA World Endurance Championship, British Touring Car Championship, Supercars Championship and Blancpain GT Series. Also, they were featured at the World Series by Nissan from 1998 to 2004.


title: Nissan

text: Beginning in 2015, Nissan became the naming rights sponsor for Nissan Stadium, the home of the Tennessee Titans and Tennessee State University football teams in Nashville. Nissan also became the official sponsor of the Heisman Trophy and UEFA Champions League. Since 2019, Nissan has been the naming rights sponsor for Nissan Arena, the home of the Brisbane Bullets basketball team and Queensland Firebirds netball team in Brisbane, Australia.


title: Nissan

text: Nissan's central research is inside the Oppama Plant site, Yokosuka, which began its operation in 1961, at the former site of Imperial Japanese Navy's Airborne Squadron base. In 1982, Nissan's technical centers in Suginami, Tokyo and Tsurumi, Yokohama were combined into one: Nissan Technical Center (NTC) in Atsugi, Kanagawa, at the foot of Mount Ōyama of the Tanzawa Mountains. At its 30th anniversary in 2012, NTC employed 9,500 employees in product development, design, production engineering, and purchasing.


title: Nissan

text: Nissan Technical Center works closely with its overseas operations: Nissan Technical Center (NTC)/North America, NTC/Mexico, Nissan Design America, and Nissan Silicon Valley Office.


title: Nissan

text: In 2007, the company opened Nissan Advanced Technology Center (NATC), near the NTC site. It works in close contact with the central research, the Silicon Valley office, the technical office near the Nissan headquarters in central Yokohama, and the overseas offices in Detroit, Silicon Valley, and Moscow.


title: Nissan

text: In mid- 2018, Nissan launched its first of many planned software and information technology development centers in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: The Lovely Bones is a 2009 supernatural thriller drama film directed by Peter Jackson from a screenplay he co-wrote with Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens. It is based on Alice Sebold's 2002 novel of the same name and stars Saoirse Ronan, Mark Wahlberg, Rachel Weisz, Susan Sarandon, Stanley Tucci and Michael Imperioli. The plot follows a girl who is murdered and watches over her family from "the in-between" and is torn between seeking vengeance on her killer and allowing her family to heal.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: An international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand, the film was produced by Carolynne Cunningham, Walsh, Jackson, and Aimee Peyronnet, with Steven Spielberg, Tessa Ross, Ken Kamins, and James Wilson as executive producers. Principal photography began in October 2007 in New Zealand and Pennsylvania. The film's score was composed by Brian Eno.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: "The Lovely Bones" was first released on December 26, 2009, in New Zealand, and then internationally in January 2010. The film's North American release date was changed multiple times, with a limited release on December 11, 2009, and a wider release on January 15, 2010. It was released to mainly negative reviews from critics; the story and its message were generally criticized, with praise mainly aimed at the visual effects, Peter Jackson's direction, and the performances of Ronan and Tucci. In the film's opening weekend, in limited release, it grossed $116,616, despite only having been screened in three theaters, placing it at 30th place on the box office chart. "The Lovely Bones" grossed over $44 million in North America. The film also received numerous accolades, with Tucci being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: In 1973, 14-year-old high school freshman, Susie Salmon, dreams of becoming a photographer. One day, Ray, a boy she has a crush on, asks her out. As Susie walks home through a cornfield, she runs into her neighbor, George Harvey, who coaxes her into an underground "kid's hideout" he has built. Inside, Susie grows uncomfortable and attempts to leave; Harvey grabs her and the scene fades until she is seen rushing past her alarmed classmate Ruth Connors, seemingly fleeing Harvey's den.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: The Salmons become worried when Susie fails to return home from school. Her father, Jack, searches for her, while her mother, Abigail waits for the police. In town, Susie sees Jack, who does not respond to her when she calls. Susie runs home to find Harvey soaking in a bathtub. After seeing the bloody bathroom and her bracelet hanging on the sink faucet, Susie realizes she never escaped the underground hideout because Harvey murdered her. Screaming, she is pulled into the "In-Between", which is neither Heaven nor Earth. From there, Susie watches over her loved ones, and resists her new afterlife friend Holly's urging her to let go.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Investigating Susie's disappearance with Detective Fenerman, Jack believes Susie was murdered by someone she knew. He researches neighbors and eventually suspects Harvey is the killer. Fenerman is unable to find proof, as Harvey has carefully concealed the evidence. Susie's sister, Lindsey, agrees with Jack's suspicions, but their casework takes a toll on Abigail. Abigail's alcoholic mother, Lynn, moves into the house. Feeling alienated from her husband, Abigail goes to California. Susie, in her afterlife, learns that Harvey, who has targeted Lindsey as his next victim, has murdered six other girls, including Holly, and that he stuffed Susie's body into a large safe in his basement.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: One night, Jack, carrying a baseball bat, trails Harvey into the cornfield. However, Jack accidentally stumbles across a teen couple named Clarissa and Brian. Brian, thinking they will be assaulted, bludgeons Jack nearly to death as Harvey watches nearby while Clarissa begs him to stop. As Jack recuperates, Lindsey breaks into Harvey's house looking for evidence that he killed Susie. Upstairs, she finds a notebook containing a sketch of the underground den, a lock of Susie's hair, and news articles about Susie's disappearance. Harvey returns and almost catches Lindsey, but she escapes and rushes home to discover that her mother has returned. She gives the notebook to her grandmother, who contacts the police. Harvey has already fled his home – taking the safe containing Susie's body with him.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Susie's afterlife begins expanding into a larger heaven, and she is greeted by Harvey's other victims. She resists Holly's urging her to enter Heaven along with the others, claiming she has one final thing to do. Meanwhile, Susie's classmates Ruth and Ray are present when Harvey drives up to dispose of the safe at a sinkhole dump site on the Conners' property. Susie returns to Earth and enters Ruth's body, causing Ruth to faint. Ray rushes to Ruth's aid only to realize she has become Susie. They kiss, completing Susie's last wish, and she returns to Heaven. Meanwhile, Harvey dumps the safe in the sinkhole, leaving it to disappear in the muddy water as he drives away.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Sometime later, Harvey meets a young woman outside a diner and offers her a ride, but she rejects him and leaves. A large icicle falls from an overhead branch, hitting Harvey's shoulder, causing him to fall backward over a steep cliff to his death. Time passes, and Susie sees that her family is healing, which Susie refers to as "the lovely bones" that grew around her absence. Susie finally enters Heaven, telling the audience: "My name is Salmon, like the fish; first name Susie. I was 14 years old when I was murdered on December 6, 1973. I was here for a moment and then I was gone. I wish you all a long and happy life."


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: In May 2000, Film4 Productions acquired feature film rights to Alice Sebold's novel "The Lovely Bones", when it was a half-written manuscript. Producer Aimee Peyronnet had sought to attract studio interest to the manuscript, and an insider informed Film4's deputy head of production, Jim Wilson, of the project. The company attached Luc Besson and Peyronnet's production company Seaside to the project, two years before the novel's release. By February 2001, Lynne Ramsay was hired to direct and write the film adaptation of the novel. In July 2002, Channel 4 shut down Film4, causing Hollywood studios and producers to pursue acquisition of feature film rights to "The Lovely Bones", which had spent multiple weeks at the top of the "New York Times" Best Seller list. The film adaptation, which had been estimated at a budget of $15 million, remained with Channel 4 under its newly developed inhouse film unit, with Ramsay still contracted to write and direct. By October 2002, Ramsay was writing the script with fellow screenwriter Liana Dognini, with filming planned for summer 2003. Author Sebold was invited by the producers to provide input on the project.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Ramsay, who had read the novel in manuscript prior to publication, said in 2012 that her adaptation departed from it significantly. The scenes with Susie in heaven would have been depicted purely as her father's imagination. He would have become friends with Mr. Harvey, never suspecting him of having killed his daughter. "I really didn't like the "My Little Pony", she's-in-heaven, everything's-O.K. aspect", she told "The New York Times" in 2012.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: In July 2003, the studio DreamWorks negotiated a first-look deal with producer Peyronnet, after DreamWorks co-founder Steven Spielberg expressed interest in the project. DreamWorks did not acquire the rights to the novel, and Ramsay was eventually detached from the project as, she says, FilmFour wanted a version more faithful to the novel. In April 2004, producers Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, and Philippa Boyens entered negotiations to develop the project. Jackson described the book as "a wonderfully emotional and powerful story. Like all the best fantasy, it has a solid grounding in the real world." By January 2005, Jackson and Walsh planned to independently purchase film rights and to seek studio financing after a script had been developed. The producers sought to begin adapting a spec script for "The Lovely Bones" in January 2006, with the goal of script completion and budget estimation by the following May.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Jackson explained he enjoyed the novel because he found it "curiously optimistic" and uplifting because of the narrator's sense of humor, adding there was a difference between its tone and subject matter. He felt very few films dealt with the loss of a loved one. Jackson foresaw the most challenging element in the novel to adapt was the portrayal of Susie, the protagonist, in her heaven, and making it "ethereal and emotional but not hokey." Saoirse Ronan explained Jackson chose to depict the afterlife as depending on Susie's emotions. "Whenever Susie feels happy, Heaven is sunny and there's birds and everything. Whenever it's not so great, it's raining or she's in the middle of an ocean." Jackson described the book's description of "heaven" as being an "In-Between" rather than a true heaven and said he was not trying to paint a definitive picture of Heaven itself. "[W]hen Jackson created Susie's heaven, in a 1973 world, he went through the "Partridge Family" television show archives as a reference."


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: A 120-page draft of the script was written by September 2006. In April 2007, the script was completed by Jackson, Walsh and Boyens; Jackson intended to direct. The three producers began seeking a studio partner to finance the film adaptation. Besides the major studios, smaller companies including United Artists were also contacted. New Line Cinema was excluded from negotiations because of Jackson's legal dispute with the studio over royalties from his "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy. Jackson sought a beginning $65 million budget for "The Lovely Bones", also requesting from studios what kind of promotional commitments and suggestions they would make for the film adaptation.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: By May, four studios remained interested in the project: DreamWorks, Warner Bros., Sony, and Universal. "The Lovely Bones" was sold to DreamWorks for $70 million. Paramount Pictures received the rights to distribute the film worldwide. Production began in October 2007 in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and New Zealand. Shooting in parts of Delaware, Chester and Montgomery counties, including Hatfield, Ridley Township, Phoenixville, Royersford, Malvern and East Fallowfield, lasted a few weeks, and most of the studio shooting was done in New Zealand.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: In December 2008, Brian Eno signed on to compose the film's score. Fran Walsh, a big fan of his work, suggested him to Jackson. Jackson had called Eno to request use of two of his early tracks to evoke atmosphere for the 1970s scenes in the film. When Eno asked if he could compose the whole score, Jackson was surprised, since he had heard Eno did not like working on films. For the film's ending, Eno uncovered a demo he had done in 1973 and reunited with the vocalist to create a proper version for the film, commenting: "That song from 1973 was finally finished in 2008!"


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: In November 2009, Jackson stated that he re-shot new footage of Harvey's death scene after test audiences said it was not violent enough "to give people the satisfaction they needed". Jackson said it was important to him that the movie receive a PG-13 rating, so that the film could appeal to the widest possible audience, despite the necessarily violent nature of some scenes.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: "The Lovely Bones" was originally scheduled for release on March 13, 2009, but it was delayed to December 11, 2009, as the studio became interested in releasing the film for "awards season," which gave Jackson an opportunity to make some effects shots larger in scope. The film then received a limited theater release on December 11, 2009, in the United States. The film was originally set to have a wider United States theater release on December 25, 2009 (Christmas Day), as part of a campaign to build its momentum into January 2010. In early December it was confirmed that the United States release date had been pushed back by three weeks to January 15, 2010. Paramount and DreamWorks did not give a reason for the change of the release date. The film premiered in New Zealand on December 26, 2009. The film had its UK premiere at the Royal Film Performance, an event held in aid of the Film & TV Charity, on November 24, 2009 at the ODEON Leicester Square. It was released in the United Kingdom on January 29 and in other countries in January 2010.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: According to the "Los Angeles Times," Paramount invested $70 million in production and an additional $85 million in worldwide marketing and distribution. In December 2009, the "Los Angeles Times" described the marketing and promotion of "The Lovely Bones" as having been a "heavy advertising campaign." In late July 2009, as part of the promotion, Jackson talked about the film and screened a 4 minute clip at the San Diego Comic-Con International film festival.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: As part of marketing for the film, in August 2009, people were allowed to enter a contest to win a trip to Wellington, for the film's New Zealand premiere on December 14, 2009. The offer included, if the winner lived outside of Wellington, one night's accommodation and a voucher for flight or petrol to Wellington. A teaser trailer was released in August 2009, days before the film's official trailer. The official trailer debuted on the television series "Entertainment Tonight" and was released online shortly afterwards. In August 2009, Jackson offered a "behind-the-scenes look" at the film and discussed elements (mainly violence) in the film's plot line.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: The "Los Angeles Times" reported that Paramount had originally expected the film to appeal to a "sophisticated, adult audience," but after poor revenue and average reviews, the studio decided to redirect the film to an audience in another age group. Surveys showed that the film was favored more by females aged 13–20 than by any other demographic. Paramount began to screen the movie "aggressively for high school- and college-age girls" during its three-screen limited release.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: On December 11, 2009, the film was released on three screens in Los Angeles and New York. As of January 4, 2010, the film had grossed over $389,000 in the US. Claudia Eller and Ben Fritz of the "Los Angeles Times" felt that it did poorly at the box office in the first few weeks of its release because of average reviews and negative word-of-mouth. During its opening-weekend release on three screens, it earned over $116,616, an average of estimated $38,872 per-theater revenue. The film's revenue placed it at thirtieth place on the box office chart. In the film's second and third weeks of release, the film saw a decrease; in the fourth week, it had a 54.3-percent increase.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: When put into wide release on January 15, 2010, it grossed $17,005,133 that weekend, ranking number three at the domestic box office. By the end of its run, "The Lovely Bones" had made $44,114,232 domestically, and $49,507,108 overseas, for a worldwide total of $93,621,340.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: The film was released in the US on DVD and two-disc Blu-ray April 20, 2010 and in the United Kingdom on June 11, 2010.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Although Ronan and Tucci were praised for their performances, "The Lovely Bones" received mixed reviews from critics. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a critics approval rating of 32%, based on 247 reviews, with an average rating of 5.00/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's stuffed full of Peter Jackson's typically dazzling imagery, but "The Lovely Bones" suffers from abrupt shifts between horrific violence and cloying sentimentality." Metacritic gave the film a score of 42 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Ian Freer of "Empire" gave the film 4/5 stars. Freer emphasized the "bold, daring original filmmaking, with arguably more emotional and intellectual meat to chew on than either the Rings trilogy or Kong." Freer noted that, like "The Lord of the Rings," the film "does a fantastic job with revered, complex source material" and that, since it is "as terrific on terra firma as it is audacious in its astral plane", it is "doubtful" that there would be a "more imaginative" and "courageous film" in 2010.


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Richard Corliss of "Time" wrote that "through [Peter] Jackson's art" and Ronan's "magic" the "obscenity of child murder has been invested with immense gravity and grace" and "like the story of Susie's life after death, that's a miracle." Peter Travers of "Rolling Stone" felt that the film was "conveyed" in a "remarkable performance" by Ronan and described Tucci as being "magnificent as a man of uncontrollable impulses" to "help Jackson cut a path to a humanity that supersedes life and death." Travers praised Jackson for building "jolting suspense." Despite praising the film, however, Travers noted that while the book "never flinched," the film does, and while the "business is being transacted" by Jackson with a "Lord of the Rings fantasy" the film "attunes himself to a family tragedy."


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Claudia Puig of "USA Today" gave the film 2/4 stars, remarking that while "[Peter] Jackson gets the thriller scenes right", the "conceit of Susie trapped in a DayGlo world between the one she left and her final resting place, imparting lessons on coping with death, feels preachy." Puig also described the film as having "clashing tones" that veer from "lightheartedness to heavy-handedness." Puig also criticized the film's computer-generated imagery, describing it as being "cheesy" and felt that it broke "no ground." Kirt Honeycutt, of "The Hollywood Reporter", described the film as telling "a fundamentally different story" which is "one that is not without its tension, humor and compelling details", but that "it's also a simpler, more button-pushing tale that misses the joy and heartbreak of the original." Honeycutt also described Jackson as having transformed Sebold's "startling, unique novel about the aftermath of a terrible murder" into a story that's more "focused on crime and punishment."


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Stephanie Zacharek, of "Salon", viewed the film as being "an expensive-looking mess that fails to capture the mood, and the poetry, of its source material" because "good actors fighting a poorly conceived script, under the guidance of a director who can no longer make the distinction between imaginativeness and computer-generated effects." Todd McCarthy, of "Variety", felt that Jackson had undermined the "solid work from a good cast" with "show-offy celestial evocations" that "severely disrupt the emotional connections with the characters." McCarthy stated that he felt that the film, overall, was a "significant artistic disappointment." Joe Neumaier, of "New York Daily News", described Jackson as having "siphoned out all the soulfulness" that made the author's "combination thriller/afterlife fantasy a best-seller" and that the film was "a gumball-colored potboiler that's more squalid than truly mournful." Neumaier also wrote that the film and Jackson "wasted" a "good cast." Roger Ebert of "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film 1.5 stars out of 4, calling it "deplorable", and criticizing the apparent message that Susie's murder eventually made her happier. He was also critical of the film's portrayal of Heaven, which he compared to "a happy gathering of new Facebook friends". However, he praised the acting, stating that "this whole film is Jackson's fault".


title: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: According to the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), the rating given to "The Lovely Bones" received 24 objections, more than any other movie in 2010. The BBFC report states, "Many found the film to be a shocking and upsetting experience. The scene in which young Susie is entrapped by the killer, and the subsequent sequence in which the killer soaks in a bath after the murder, were compared by some complainants to scenes in '18' rated horror films." The BBFC rated the movie a 12A, and many complained that the movie was upsetting for a younger audience. Nevertheless, the BBFC defended its rating: "The Lovely Bones lacked any explicit detail of the murder and any sexual elements were downplayed. The audience's sympathies remain entirely with the family and the film had many positive messages about life."


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: The Addams Family is a 1991 American supernatural black comedy film based on the characters from the cartoon created by cartoonist Charles Addams and the 1964 TV series produced by David Levy. Directed by former cinematographer Barry Sonnenfeld in his screen directing debut, the film stars Anjelica Huston, who was nominated for a Golden Globe for her performance as Morticia Addams, Raul Julia as Gomez Addams, and Christopher Lloyd as Fester Addams. The film focuses on a bizarre, macabre, aristocratic family who reconnect with what they believe to be a long-lost relative, Gomez's brother Fester Addams.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: The film was noted for its turbulent production; originally developed at Orion, the film went $5 million over budget due to constant rewrites throughout shooting; health problems of people involved in the filming and an overall stressful filming for Sonnenfeld himself, which caused multiple delays. The rise in production costs from the film's $25 million budget to $30 million led Orion, financially struggling and fearful of another big-budget flop, to sell the film to Paramount, who completed the film and handled the film's domestic distribution, while Orion distributed the film internationally. The film was commercially successful, making back several times its production costs, and was followed by a sequel, "Addams Family Values", two years later.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Gomez Addams laments the 25-year absence of his brother Fester, who disappeared after the two had a falling-out. Gomez's lawyer Tully Alford owes money to loan shark/con artist Abigail Craven, and notices that her adopted son Gordon closely resembles Fester. Tully proposes that Gordon pose as Fester to infiltrate the Addams household and find the hidden vault where they keep their vast riches. Tully and his wife Margaret attend a séance at the Addams home led by Grandmama in which the family tries to contact Fester's spirit. Gordon arrives, posing as Fester, while Abigail poses as a German psychiatrist named Dr. Greta Pinder-Schloss and tells the family that Fester had been lost in the Bermuda Triangle for the past 25 years until she found him in some tuna nets.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Gomez, overjoyed to have "Fester" back, takes him to the family vault to view home movies from their childhood. Gordon learns the reason for the brothers' falling-out: Gomez was jealous of Fester's success with women, and wooed the conjoined twins Flora and Fauna Amor away from him out of envy. Gomez starts to suspect that "Fester" is an impostor when he is unable to recall important details about their past. Gordon attempts to return to the vault, but is unable to get past a booby trap. Gomez's wife Morticia reminds "Fester" of the importance of family among the Addamses and of their vengeance against those who cross them. Fearing that the family is getting wise to their con, Abigail (under the guise of Dr. Pinder-Schloss) convinces Gomez that his suspicions are due to displacement.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Gordon grows closer to the Addams family, particularly the children Wednesday and Pugsley, whom he helps to prepare a swordplay sequence for a school play. Abigail had insisted that Gordon not attend the play, but after feeling deeply saddened by this, he attends anyway. After the play, Dr. Pinder-Schloss insists that "Fester" must once again leave, so the Addamses throw a large party with their extended family and friends, during which Abigail plans to break into the vault. Wednesday overhears Abigail and Gordon discussing the plan, and escapes them by hiding in the family cemetery. Tully learns that as the elder brother, Fester is the executor of the Addams estate and therefore technically owns the entire property. With help from the Addamses' neighbor Judge George Womack, whom Gomez has repeatedly infuriated by hitting golf balls into his house, Tully procures a restraining order against the family, banning them from the estate. Gomez attempts to fight the order in court, but Judge Womack rules against him out of spite.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: While Abigail, Gordon, and Tully try repeatedly and unsuccessfully to get past the booby trap blocking access to the vault, the Addamses are forced to move into a motel and find jobs. Morticia tries to be a preschool teacher, Wednesday and Pugsley sell toxic lemonade, and Thing—the family's animated disembodied hand—becomes a courier. Despondent, Gomez sinks into depression and lethargy.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Morticia returns to the Addams home to confront Gordon and is captured by Abigail and Tully, who torture her in an attempt to learn how to access the vault. Thing observes this and informs Gomez, using Morse code, who then rushes to Morticia's rescue. Abigail threatens Morticia's life if Gomez does not surrender the family fortune. Fed up with his mother's behavior and constant berating, Gordon turns against her. Using a magical book which projects its contents into reality, he unleashes a hurricane into the house, which strikes his own head with lightning and launches Tully and Abigail out of a window and into open graves dug for them by Wednesday and Pugsley.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: The movie ends with a coda, taking place seven months later at Halloween. The family states that Gordon was really Fester all along, and that the previously made-up story about Fester being found in the tuna nets after being lost in the Bermuda Triangle is true. They further state that Fester had suffered from amnesia the whole time and only recovered his memories after being struck by lightning. With the family whole again as they play "Wake the Dead", Morticia informs Gomez that she is pregnant.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Scott Rudin, a development executive at 20th Century Fox, pitched to the studio an adaptation of Charles Addams' "The Addams Family" cartoons, and the studio enthusiastically agreed that the cartoons would make a good film, and set out to purchase the rights. However, Fox would ultimately not make the film, as Orion Pictures, who owned the film rights to "The Addams Family", would not sell the property, as they were planning on producing a rebooted TV series. Further crucial property rights were owned by Charles Addams' widow. Another difficulty in getting the film produced was the relative obscurity of "The Addams Family" 1964 TV series, as compared to the better-known (due to syndication) series, "The Munsters". The production finally moved forward when Addams' widow sold the remaining rights to Orion, who put the film in production with Rudin producing. Tim Burton and Terry Gilliam were approached to direct the film but both declined.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Anjelica Huston said she based aspects of her performance on her friend Jerry Hall to give the character more warmth. Huston said she would have expected the role to go to Cher, but was a longtime fan of Morticia.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Caroline Thompson and Larry Wilson wrote the first draft of the screenplay, which was extensively rewritten later by other writers, including Paul Rudnick, who later wrote "Addams Family Values".


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: In a 2012 interview, Sonnenfeld recalled that he had originally intended that it be unclear whether Fester really was an imposter or not, but the actors strongly opposed the notion and selected then 10-year-old Christina Ricci ("Wednesday Addams") to speak on their behalf. Ricci "gave this really impassioned plea that Fester shouldn't be an imposter... so we ended up totally changing that plot point to make the actors happy. And they were right – it was the better way to go".


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Makeup and animatronic effects for the film were handled by Tony Gardner and his company Alterian, Inc.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: After Tim Burton passed on directing the film because he was busy filming "Batman Returns", the sequel to the 1989 film "Batman", at the time, Barry Sonnenfeld took the job. According to Sonnenfeld, Terry Gilliam was also offered to direct the film, which he turned down. His first directing job after previously serving as director of photography for several major films, Sonnenfeld experienced much stress during filming. Most of the film was shot on Stage 3/8 at the Hollywood Center Studios in Los Angeles, the same studio where the original TV series was filmed. In the last three months of production, director of photography Owen Roizman quit, and was replaced by Gale Tattersall. Filming resumed, but within weeks Tattersall was rushed to the hospital, halting production while Sonnenfeld took over cinematography, while simultaneously directing the film. Further delays occurred when a blood vessel in actor Raul Julia's eye burst, leading the production to film around Julia until he recovered, and Sonnenfeld's wife became sick, halting production.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: In her 2014 memoir "Watch Me", Anjelica Huston described the filming of the "Addams Family" as "long and arduous". It was decided that the character of Morticia should have eyes which slanted upwards at the sides, an effect which was achieved by attaching an elastic strap to the back of Huston's head via fabric tabs glued at her temples, which pulled the corners of her eyes upwards. A second strap was added to balance the appearance of the lower part of her face with the upper. The bands caused extended discomfort to Huston, and, unless she removed them at lunchtime, she would suffer severe headaches and rashes later in the day. Removing the bands for a break entailed hours of extra work in both removing and then re-applying her makeup and wig. On top of this, the bands would snap at the slightest turn of Huston's head, causing yet more grueling repair time. Eventually, she learned to pivot and turn on her feet without moving her upper body or head. According to Huston, actress Judith Malina's way of enduring being "embedded in latex for over twelve hours a day" was to "smoke an endless series of joints in her trailer throughout filming".


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Another production difficulty was the financial decline of original production studio Orion Pictures, who, while having recently made the big hits "The Silence of the Lambs" and "Dances with Wolves", had also produced several major flops which ate up the studios' funds, leading Orion to sell "The Addams Family", while still in production, to Paramount Pictures. In exchange, Paramount would own the domestic rights, as Orion had pre-sold the international rights to Columbia. Part of Orion's motivation to sell the film was that the film, originally budgeted at $25 million, had gone $5 million over budget due to newly added material as a result of the film's numerous rewrites. With the projected release date competing with Steven Spielberg's "Hook", Orion feared that "The Addams Family" would be another expensive flop, and decided to cut its losses. Ultimately, "The Addams Family" was a box-office hit. As the sale occurred late in production, the filmmakers were unaware that Paramount had taken over production, learning of the sale from a journalist rather than either of the studios.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: The film was further shaped by test screenings. The Mamushka sequence, a musical dance number, was significantly longer in the original cut, but was shortened following negative responses from test audiences.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: "The Addams Family: Soundtrack" was produced by Hummie Mann and Marc Shaiman. It was orchestrated by Hummie Mann and composed by Duke Ellington, Irving Mills, Marc Shaiman and Saxie Dowell. It was released on December 3, 1991 by Capitol Records. "Addams Groove" by MC Hammer was the theme song for the movie and the music video was played prior to the film.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: "The Addams Family" grossed $113,502,426 in the United States and $191,502,426 worldwide, turning a significant profit against the $30 million production costs.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Another obstacle in releasing the film occurred when, as the studios prepared the film for release, David Levy, a producer of the original 1960s TV series, filed a lawsuit against Paramount Pictures, claiming that the film infringed on his property rights. The suit was eventually settled out of court, after the film's release, due to Paramount greenlighting a sequel after the first film's success.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Ownership issues surrounding the film (with domestic rights being handled by Paramount and international rights held by Orion's successor-in-interest Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer), kept the film out of print overseas after its initial VHS release, which were not resolved until 2013. In 1993, McDonald's sold low-cost, exclusive VHS editions of "The Addams Family" and "Wayne's World" to coincide with the theatrical releases of "Addams Family Values" and "Wayne's World 2", as part of an exclusive distribution deal with Paramount Home Entertainment. Paramount Home Entertainment released the film on DVD in 2000; this release contained only two trailers as bonus features. The film was reissued in a double feature with "Addams Family Values" in 2006. Warner Home Video released the film on Blu-ray in the United States on September 9, 2014; Warner Bros. Home Entertainment (under license from MGM) also released the film on Blu-Ray internationally. In October 2019, Paramount Pictures released a double-feature Blu-ray of "The Addams Family" and "Addams Family Values", along with single releases of each film. In November 2021, the film was re-released on Blu-Ray & 4K Ultra HD with an extended version of the Mamushka sequence.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 67% based on 51 reviews, with an average rating of 5.80/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "The movie is peppered with amusing sight gags and one-liners, but the disjointed script doesn't cohere into a successful whole". On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100 based on 19 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Roger Ebert gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, saying it was mildly entertaining but did not add up to much. Jonathan Rosenbaum of the "Chicago Reader" called the film a "collection of one-liners and not much more". "Variety" magazine wrote: "Despite inspired casting and nifty visual trappings, the eagerly awaited "Addams Family" figures a major disappointment". According to the BBC, "it is the top-notch cast that elevates this film from flimsy to sheer delight".


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: "The Addams Family" was awarded "Best Horror Film of the Year" in 1991 by the Horror Hall of Fame. Carel Struycken appeared at the award ceremony to receive the award on behalf of the cast. Huston was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her performance as Morticia. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for achievement in costume design. The film won a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song for the song "Addams Groove" by MC Hammer. The film also won an award for Favorite Movie at 1992 Kids' Choice Awards.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: Several video games based on the film were released for various console, handheld, and home computer platforms.


title: The Addams Family (1991 film)

text: "The Addams Family" was a commercial arcade pinball machine made by Bally/Williams and was released in March 1992. It became the best selling pinball machine of all time, with more than 20,000 units sold. The pinball was digitally re-released on "The Pinball Arcade" in February 2015 until June 2018.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Thomas Matthew DeLonge () (born December 13, 1975) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, author, filmmaker, and actor. Possessing a distinctive nasal singing voice, he is a co-founder of the rock band Blink-182 and has been the guitarist and co-lead vocalist across three stints: 1992 to 2005, 2009 to 2015, and from 2022 onwards. He is also the lead vocalist and guitarist of the rock band Angels & Airwaves, which he formed in 2005 after his first departure from Blink-182.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge grew up in the suburbs of Poway, California, where he embraced skateboarding at an early age. When DeLonge received his first guitar, he began writing punk rock songs. He formed Blink-182 with bassist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor during his high school years. They signed to MCA Records in 1996 and their second album, "Dude Ranch" (1997), featured the hit single "Dammit". The group had bigger success with "Enema of the State" (1999), which featured three hit singles and went quadruple-platinum in the U.S., selling upwards of 15 million copies worldwide. Blink-182 scored a number one album with 2001's "Take Off Your Pants and Jacket".


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge experimented with post-hardcore music on "Box Car Racer", which formed into a full-fledged band in 2002, but dissolved the following year. Blink's untitled fifth studio album (2003) reflected a change in tone within the group, which broke up in 2005 following internal tension, spearheaded by DeLonge.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In the aftermath of Blink-182's breakup in 2005, he formed Angels & Airwaves, which has released five studio albums and has evolved into an "art project", encompassing various forms of media. DeLonge reunited with Blink-182 in 2009, releasing new music and touring frequently, before parting ways with the band again in 2015, and returning again in 2022.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In addition to his musical career, DeLonge also manages business ventures that he founded: Macbeth Footwear, and technology and design firm Modlife. He helped score and produce the 2011 science fiction film "Love", and has multiple film projects in development. He released a children's book, "The Lonely Astronaut on Christmas Eve", in 2013.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Thomas Matthew DeLonge was born in Poway, California. His father was an oil company executive and his mother a mortgage broker. His first musical instrument was a trumpet, which he received as a Christmas gift at age 11.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge originally planned to become a firefighter, and participated in the San Diego Cadet Program. He first picked up the guitar from a friend at church camp, and became preoccupied by the instrument. DeLonge received his first guitar as a Christmas present from two friends in the sixth grade – "a beat-up, shitty acoustic guitar that was worth about $30." He gathered his brother, Shon, and sister, Kari, as an audience for his original songs.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In the seventh grade, DeLonge visited a friend in Oregon who introduced him to the music of Stiff Little Fingers, Dinosaur Jr. and the Descendents. He dyed his hair purple, and consequently began practicing the guitar loudly in his room. DeLonge attempted to form a band named Big Oily Men, which was essentially a one-man band: the band's lineup consisted of whoever he could persuade to join him for short periods.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge first began skateboarding in the third grade, which would consume much his activity outside of school. "I lived, ate, and breathed skateboarding. All I did all day long was skateboard. It was all I cared about", he later remarked. He and friends would begin at one side of San Diego and attempt to skateboard to the other half, intermittently pulling pranks on people in the process. As such, he was an average student: "I knew exactly how hard I had to work in school. As long as I got that C, I wouldn't try one minute extra to get a B. I just cared about skateboarding and music". His parents were constantly fighting in his formative years, culminating in a divorce when DeLonge was 18.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Shortly thereafter, his mother lost her job. DeLonge promptly moved out, feeling as though he needed to start his life. His brother was also away at that time in the United States Army, and his departure affected his family. "My mom and sister were left asking, 'What happened to our family?'"


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Following high school, DeLonge would work in construction, driving around a Diesel truck and handling concrete and piping. "I hated, hated, hated my job. You know those people who hate their job? That was me", he later said. He promptly quit when Blink-182 signed to MCA Records in 1996.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge formed his first successful band, Blink-182, in 1992. He was removed from Poway High School in the second half of his junior year for going to a basketball game while inebriated. He was forced to attend a different school for one semester, nearby Rancho Bernardo High School, where he became friends with Kerry Key, and his girlfriend, Anne Hoppus. Rancho Bernardo organized Battle of the Bands competitions, and DeLonge signed up, performing an original song titled "Who's Gonna Shave Your Back Tonight?" to a packed auditorium. Drummer Scott Raynor was at the competition with his own group, which soon dissolved, after which he was introduced by friend Paul Scott to DeLonge at a party. The two began to organize jam sessions at Raynor's home, shifting through various bassists. The following summer, his desire to be in a legitimate band increased significantly – Anne Hoppus characterized Delonge's passion as "incessant whining and complaining". Her brother, bassist, Mark Hoppus, was new to San Diego and she introduced the two one night that August. The two would jam for hours in DeLonge's garage, exchanging lyrics and writing new songs.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: The trio began to practice together in Raynor's bedroom, spending hours together writing music, attending punk shows and movies and playing practical jokes. Hoppus and DeLonge would alternate singing vocal parts. The trio first operated under a variety of names, including Duck Tape and Figure 8, until DeLonge rechristened the band "Blink". Their first demo, "Flyswatter"—a combination of original songs and punk covers—was recorded in Raynor's bedroom in May 1993. DeLonge called clubs constantly in San Diego asking for a spot to play, as well as calling up local high schools convincing them that Blink was a "motivational band with a strong anti-drug message" in hopes to play at an assembly or lunch. With help from local record store manager Pat Secor, the group recorded "Buddha" (1994), a demo cassette that increased the band's stature within San Diego. Cargo Records signed the band on a "trial basis"; Hoppus was the only member to sign the contract, as DeLonge was at work at the time and Raynor was still a minor. The band recorded their debut album in three days at Westbeach Recorders in Los Angeles, fueled by both new songs and re-recordings of songs from previous demos.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Although "Cheshire Cat", released in February 1995, made very little impact commercially, it is cited by musicians as an iconic release.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: The band toured constantly between 1995–96, performing nationwide, as well as in Canada and in Australia. By March 1996, the trio began to accumulate a genuine buzz among major labels, resulting in a bidding war between Interscope, MCA and Epitaph. MCA promised the group complete artistic freedom and eventually signed the band, but Raynor held a great affinity for Epitaph and began to feel half-invested in the band when they passed over the label. Their second effort, "Dude Ranch", hit stores the following summer and the band headed out on their first Warped Tour. When lead single "Dammit" began rotation at Los Angeles-based KROQ-FM, other stations took notice and the single was added to rock radio playlists across the country. "Dude Ranch" shipped gold by 1998, but the exhaustive touring schedule brought tensions among the trio. Raynor had been drinking heavily to offset personal issues, and he was fired by DeLonge and Hoppus in mid-1998 despite agreeing to attend rehab and quit drinking.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Travis Barker, drummer for tourmate The Aquabats, filled in for Raynor, learning the 20-song setlist in 45 minutes before the first show. Barker joined the band full-time in summer 1998 and the band entered the studio with producer Jerry Finn later that year to begin work on their third album.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: With the release of "Enema of the State" in June 1999, Blink-182 was catapulted to stardom. Three singles were released from the record—"What's My Age Again?", "All the Small Things", and "Adam's Song"—that became hit singles and MTV staples. "All the Small Things" became a number-one hit on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, but also became a crossover hit and peaked at number 6 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. Although the band were criticized as synthesized, manufactured pop only remotely resembling punk and pigeonholed as a joke act due to the puerile slant of its singles and associating music videos, "Enema of the State" was an enormous commercial success. The album has sold over 15 million copies worldwide and had a considerable effect on pop punk music, inspiring a "second wave" of the genre and numerous acolytes.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: After multi-platinum success, arena tours and cameo appearances ("American Pie"), the band recorded "Take Off Your Pants and Jacket" (2001), which debuted at number 1 in the United States, Canada, and Germany. Hit singles "The Rock Show", "Stay Together for the Kids" and "First Date" continued the band's mainstream success worldwide, with MTV cementing their image as video stars.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: With time off from touring, DeLonge felt an "itch to do something where he didn't feel locked in to what Blink was", and channeled his chronic back pain (a herniated disc) and resulting frustration into "Box Car Racer" (2002), a post-hardcore album that further explores his Fugazi and Refused inspiration.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Refraining from paying for a studio drummer, he invited Barker to record drums on the project and Hoppus felt betrayed. The event caused great division within the trio for some time and an unresolved tension at the forefront of the band's later hiatus.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Blink-182 regrouped in 2003 to record their fifth studio album, infusing experimentalist elements into their usual pop punk sound, inspired by lifestyle changes (the band members all became fathers before the album was released) and side projects. Blink's eponymous fifth studio album was released in the fall of 2003 through Geffen Records, which absorbed sister label MCA earlier that year. Critics generally complimented the new, more "mature" direction taken for the release and lead singles "Feeling This" and "I Miss You" charted high, with the latter becoming the group's second number one hit on the "Billboard" Modern Rock Tracks chart. Fans were split by the new direction, and tensions within the band—stemming from the grueling schedule and DeLonge's desire to spend more time with his family—started to become evident.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge became uncomfortable with the hefty touring schedule, during which he was unable to see his growing family. He eventually expressed his desire to take a half-year respite from touring in order to spend more time with family. Hoppus and Barker protested his decision, which they felt was an overly long break. DeLonge did not blame his bandmates for being disappointed with his requests, but was dismayed that they seemingly did not understand. In addition, he protested the idea of Barker's reality television series, "Meet the Barkers", which was being produced for a 2005 premiere. DeLonge disliked television cameras everywhere, feeling his personal privacy was invaded.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, DeLonge agreed to perform at Music for Relief's Concert for South Asia, a benefit show to aid victims. Further arguments ensued during rehearsals, rooted in the band member's increasing paranoia and bitterness toward one another. He considered his bandmates priorities "mad, mad different", and the breakdown in communication led to heated exchanges, resulting in his exit from the group.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In the wake of Blink-182's break-up, DeLonge underwent a complete reassessment of his prime concerns—a move "bearing the hallmarks of a nervous breakdown"—and went on a three-week "spiritual journey" in complete isolation away from his family, contemplating his life, career, and future in music. DeLonge felt psychologically hurt by the band's dissolution, likening it to a divorce and calling it a "traumatic experience" and a "disaster". He had been known for his role in the Blink-182 as "the low-brow prankster" and wanted to restart his career without worrying whether fans would find him funny.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge's endorsement of John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election led to him travelling the political circuit with the Democratic Party candidate; DeLonge was inspired by Kerry's need for widespread reform and likened his presidential campaign to a drug, remarking later that it "really changed [me]". He rediscovered the epiphany developed during his tour with Kerry and applied it to the philosophy of his new group, Angels & Airwaves, while he redefined himself as he learned to play piano and self-produce and formed his own home studio.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In September 2005, after spending months avoiding publicity, DeLonge announced his new Angels & Airwaves project and promised "the greatest rock and roll revolution for this generation". His statements—containing predictions that the album would usher in an "entire new culture of the youth" and lead to the band's dominance—were regarded as highly grandiose in the press and mocked. Thoroughly utilized by the band, DeLonge often discussed minor details and plans for accompanying films and other promotional matter, and his managers approached him having an "intervention" in which they disquietingly questioned his frame of mind. His ambitious beliefs were intensified by his addiction to Vicodin, a drug which he used due to his back problem and did not try out again when he was unable to obtain it for a week, hallucinating and deep in withdrawal. "We Don't Need to Whisper", the band's debut studio album, was released in 2006, and their second, "I-Empire", followed in 2007.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge would reunite with Blink-182 near the end of 2008. At this time, Barker had recently survived a private plane crash, in which four others were killed. DeLonge's realization of Barker's near death incident was the catalyst for DeLonge desire to be included in the band's reformation. DeLonge found out via the TV news at an airport while waiting to board a flight; within minutes, he was crying in his seat. "I thought he was going to die", says DeLonge, who quickly reached out to his former bandmate, mailing him a letter and photograph. "Instantly after the plane crash, I was like, 'Hey, I want to play music with him again'". DeLonge was the first to approach the subject of reuniting, and Blink-182 announced their reunion, a new album, and a reunion tour in February 2009 at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards. Blink-182 embarked on a reunion tour of North America from July to October 2009, supported by Weezer and Fall Out Boy. The tour was successful, selling out amphitheaters nationwide: "I was completely blown away and dumbfounded by how big that reunion tour was. [...] We were very fortunate, very blessed", DeLonge later said. "And truthfully, that's why we continued, because we were so blown away. We were like, "Wow, we got to suck this up and start acting like adults because this is beautiful'".


title: Tom DeLonge

text: The recording process for "Neighborhoods", the band's sixth studio album, was stalled by their studio autonomy, tours, managers, and personal projects. The band members produced the record themselves following the death of Jerry Finn, their former producer that also served as an invaluable member of the band. DeLonge recorded at his studio in San Diego while Hoppus and Barker recorded in Los Angeles. Completion was delayed several times, which Hoppus attributed to the band learning to work by themselves without Finn, and both DeLonge and Hoppus expressed frustration during the sessions at the band's cabal of publicists, managers and attorneys (which DeLonge described as "the absolute diarrhea of bureaucracy"). DeLonge later expressed dissatisfaction at the method of recording for "Neighborhoods", conceding that it led to a "loss of unity" within the band. The album was released in September 2011 and peaked at number two on the "Billboard" 200, but undersold expectations.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Blink-182 left Interscope Records in October 2012, becoming an independent act. The band subsequently released "Dogs Eating Dogs", an EP, in December 2012. The group planned to enter the studio to write and record their seventh studio album in January 2015, due for release later that year, but after delays attributed to DeLonge, the band issued a statement announcing his departure. In a press release, Hoppus and Barker said, "We were all set to play this festival and record a new album and Tom kept putting it off without reason. A week before we were scheduled to go in to the studio we got an email from his manager explaining that he didn't want to participate in any Blink-182 projects indefinitely, but would rather work on his other non-musical endeavors."


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In DeLonge's public response to Hoppus and Barker's claims about him not wanting to participate in a new Blink-182 album, he said the "60-page Blink contract" he was handed required that a new album be recorded within six months, and also included language that temporarily prohibited the release of other various projects that he was already under contract for. He stated, "All of these other projects are being worked, exist in contract form — I can't just slam the brakes and drop years of development, partnerships and commitments at the snap of a finger. I told my manager that I will do Blink-182 as long as it was fun and worked with the other commitments in my life, including my family."


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Two months later, DeLonge shed some light on what his other projects entailed, claiming that he was working with "best selling authors" to co-write 15 novels with accompanying soundtrack EPs. He also expected to release four albums in 2015—two Angels & Airwaves albums and two solo albums—three of which would include a companion novel.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: On April 21, 2015, DeLonge released his first solo album—an eight-song collection of Blink-182 demos and more, titled "To the Stars... Demos, Odds and Ends".


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In the early years of blink-182, Tom used a Squier Stratocaster on the band's demos and debut album "Cheshire Cat". In late 1994, he acquired a white 40th Anniversary Edition Fender Stratocaster, which has come to be known by fans as the "Sticker Strat". It featured a DiMarzio X2N pickup in the bridge position on an angle, a Seymour Duncan JB Jr. in the middle, and a Seymour Duncan Hot Rails pickup in the neck position. He used this guitar on all of the touring in support of "Cheshire Cat", as well as the recording and touring of "Dude Ranch" in 1997 before retiring it that fall. He still owns the guitar today. During the touring of "Dude Ranch" in 1998, he began to use Gibson Les Pauls with a Seymour Duncan Invader at the bridge. At the end of the tour, he retired the Les Pauls and development of his signature Fender Stratocaster began in early 1999.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: During "Enema of the State", he used Fender Custom Shop Stratocasters with Seymour Duncan Invader pickups. This eventually developed into his signature model, released by Fender in 2001.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In 2003, Gibson released his signature model, the Tom DeLonge Signature ES-333. This model consisted of a single Gibson Dirty Fingers pickup in the bridge position with one volume control. It was available between 2003 and 2009. A lower-priced model manufactured by Epiphone was released until 2019.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In December 2022, DeLonge revealed that he began using Fender Starcasters, moving away from his endorsement deal with Gibson and coinciding with his return to Blink-182. Like previous signature models, this guitar consists of a single humbucker in the bridge position (namely a Seymour Duncan SH-5 Custom pickup) and one volume knob.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: The Mesa/Boogie Triple Rectifier was key to DeLonge's early sound; he employed them to create a distorted sound. "A Mesa/Boogie is like a nuke: you plug it in and it fills up every piece of the sonic spectrum," he said. As his sound gradually grew cleaner, he grew away from the Mesa/Boogies. DeLonge employed the Marshall JCM900 amps for his work on "Dude Ranch", in which he improved his guitar tone. In a September 1999 "Guitar Player" article, DeLonge outlined his intentions: "I'm the kind of guitarist that wants the biggest, fattest, loudest, sound he can get."


title: Tom DeLonge

text: When Blink-182 initially broke up in 2005, DeLonge altered his equipment setup for his work in Angels & Airwaves, pairing Vox AC30H2s and Fender '65 Twin Reverbs, and using less distortion. He carried this setup over into Blink-182 when he first returned in 2009.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Beginning with his work on "Take Off Your Pants and Jacket" (2001), he began to approach different chorus pedals, flangers and delays. Musically, he experimented with heavier guitar riffs on "Box Car Racer" (2002), while making greater use of pedals and loops.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge grew to prominence playing pop punk music. Southern California had a large punk population in the early 1990s, aided by an avid surfing, skating, and snowboarding scene. In contrast to East Coast punk music, the West Coast wave of groups, Blink included, typically introduced more melodic aspects to their music. "New York is gloomy, dark, and cold. It makes different music. The Californian middle-class suburbs have nothing to be that bummed about," said DeLonge.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In a 2011 article, he outlined six musical acts that impacted his growth as a musician, among them Stiff Little Fingers, U2, Depeche Mode, New Order, Fugazi, and the Descendents. The last was his main influence when he began playing guitar; early recordings such as "Buddha" were an attempt to emulate their sound. Following the Descendents, DeLonge once cited Screeching Weasel as the second biggest influence on his songwriting in his early career.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge has shifted from punk rock in recent years, moving toward an effects-laden progressive-inspired sound. He has stated the first album he "ever fell in love with" was "The Joshua Tree" by U2, after which he delved into punk rock. He would later return to the album in his adult life, calling it his favorite album, describing it as "still relevant and soulful."


title: Tom DeLonge

text: Panic! at the Disco's Brendon Urie and Ryan Ross both cited DeLonge as one of their major influences. Urie said that DeLonge influenced his singing, remarking that "He has a voice that no-one else has [...] He's one of my bigger influences. He always writes amazing melodies and songs." Ross said: "I wanted to learn how to play [the guitar] like Tom DeLonge."


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge was unsure if the band's status in the music industry would grow or last, and he expanded into business beginning in 1998. He started a holding group, Really Likable People (RLP), with a US$20,000 investment. Following this, he co-founded Loserkids.com, a website specializing in youth-branded apparel.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In 2001, DeLonge and Hoppus, together with childhood friend Dylan Anderson, established the clothing brand, Atticus Clothing. The following year, DeLonge founded Macbeth Footwear, a rock and roll-inspired shoe company.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: The technology and design firm Modlife was founded by DeLonge in 2007, around the time that Blink-182 decided to part ways. DeLonge explained in 2014 that he was pondering a "plan B", whereby musical acts could monetize other aspects of their creative portfolio—posters, books, VIP tickets, limited-edition releases—given the challenges of contracts offered by major music companies and the emergence of file-sharing. Modlife handles the official websites and fan clubs for a range of artists, including the White Stripes, Pearl Jam, and Kanye West.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In 2011, DeLonge launched Strange Times, a website devoted to extraterrestrial life, paranormal activity, cryptozoology, and conspiracy theories. All of DeLonge's business entities exist under the RLP moniker, with the exception of Atticus Clothing, which was sold in 2005.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge approached filmmaking when he directed the music video for the song "This Photograph is Proof (I Know You Know)" by Taking Back Sunday in 2004. He was fascinated by the medium, calling the process "so artistically satisfying", and he has since worked in film on Angels & Airwaves-related projects. In 2014, he co-directed the animated short film "".


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In June 2012, DeLonge was working on two films: a feature-length "Poet" film and a film based on "Strange Times". His directorial debut, "Monsters of California", is set to star Richard Kind.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In December 2013, DeLonge released a children's book, "The Lonely Astronaut on Christmas Eve". The plot of the book is described by Alternative Press as a "rocketeer spending a cold Christmas alone on the moon who is visited by extraterrestrial life". DeLonge participated in a charity auction benefiting Rady Children's Hospital Foundation allowing fans to bid on a package including the book.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In March 2015, he announced he was co-writing 15 novels with "best selling authors" that would be released with soundtrack EPs. The Magnetic Press published his first comic book series in April 2015. The three issue comic book series titled "Poet Anderson: The Dream Walker" was based on his award-winning short film with the same name. In October 2015, he released the novel "Poet Anderson ...of Nightmares" written by him and author Suzanne Young, which was accompanied by an Angels & Airwaves EP. The audiobook version of "Poet Anderson: ...Of Nightmares" was recorded by Liam Gerrard and released by Tantor in October 2017. The sequel "Poet Anderson: Of Nightmares" was released in January 2018. The audiobook version of the sequel "" was recorded by Liam Gerrard and released by Tantor in January 2018.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: "" was released in April 2016. The release was a collaboration between DeLonge and author A. J. Hartley. In October 2016, DeLonge released his third novel, "". This time DeLonge will collaborate with author Geoff Herbach and the novel will be based around the same characters from the graphic novel, "Strange Times: The Curse of Superstition Mountain", that DeLonge published and authored in 2015.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: On January 28, 2019, To the Stars released an animated narrative (by DeLonge) of his children's book, "Who Here Knows Who Took My Clothes?"


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge has been a believer in aliens, UFOs, and conspiracy theories since his youth, well before founding Blink-182. Former band member Travis Barker said in a 2019 interview that he is incredibly passionate about them and would look for UFOs outside the tour bus window and even create search parties to find Bigfoot.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In 2014, DeLonge shared an article on Twitter which purported that the Smithsonian Institution had admitted to destroying thousands of skeletons belonging to giant humans in the early 1900s; the article was published by World Daily News Report, a satirical website whose disclaimer page clarifies that it publishes content of a fictional nature.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In 2015, DeLonge founded an entertainment company called To the Stars, Inc. which, in 2017 he merged into a larger To the Stars Academy of Arts & Sciences. Aside from the entertainment division, the new company has aerospace and science divisions dedicated to ufology and the fringe science proposals of To the Star's co-founder, Harold Puthoff.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In a 2018 financial statement filed with the SEC, the company reported that it "has incurred losses from operations and has an accumulated deficit at June 30, 2018 of $37,432,000. These factors raise doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern."


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In 2019, the company produced the History Channel television show "", about the USS Nimitz UFO incident, which also features DeLonge.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In April 2020, the Pentagon declassified three videos which had been captured of UFOs. DeLonge had previously released these videos through his company, back in 2017.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: In 1996, DeLonge began dating Jennifer Jenkins, with whom he had been friends since high school. They were married on May 26, 2001 in Coronado, California on the San Diego Bay. The band Jimmy Eat World performed at the reception. DeLonge gave each of the groomsmen, including Mark Hoppus, silver yo-yos from Tiffany & Co. In 2019, DeLonge filed for divorce. In May 2021, Delonge remarried, to Rita Marie Delonge.


title: Tom DeLonge

text: DeLonge and Jenkins have two children: a daughter named Ava Elizabeth DeLonge (July 15, 2002) and a son named Jonas Rocket DeLonge (born August 16, 2006).


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Pauley Perrette (born March 27, 1969) is an American retired actress and singer. She played Abby Sciuto in the television series "NCIS" from 2003 to 2018.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, and raised throughout the southern United States. She lived in Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and California. In a 2011 interview with the Associated Press, Perrette confessed her early ambitions were to work with animals, be in a rock and roll band, or be an FBI agent.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette attended Valdosta State University in Valdosta, Georgia, where she studied criminal justice, and later moved to New York City to study at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. In New York, she held a variety of jobs: "Not only was I bartending in the club kids scene, with a bra and combat boots and a white Mohawk, but I also wore a sandwich board on roller skates passing out flyers for Taco Bell in the Diamond District." Perrette also worked as a cook on a Manhattan dinner cruise boat.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette has worked in television and film, mostly doing commercials, voice-overs, music videos and short films. She worked as a bartender in New York City. While working odd jobs in New York, she was introduced by a friend to an advertising agency director. This prompted her move to Los Angeles, where she had a variety of bit parts and made several guest appearances. She appeared as a waitress at Cafe Nervosa in the sitcom "Frasier" during season four (in the episode "Three Dates and a Break Up"), and she guest-starred in season one of "24". She has made appearances in several films, including "The Ring" and "Almost Famous".


title: Pauley Perrette

text: In 2001, as a recurring character introduced in season two of "Special Unit 2", she played Alice Cramer, the Unit's public relations person. She landed her most prominent role, that of Abby Sciuto, an eccentric forensic scientist, in "NCIS", a television series based on the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. Perrette's initial appearances as the character were in two episodes of "JAG" aired in spring 2003; these served as a backdoor pilot and introduced the characters. She has since appeared as Abby in two 2009 episodes of "", as well as in two episodes of "" in 2014 and 2016.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: The character Abby Sciuto was created by Donald P. Bellisario, who "wanted to create ... a character who was seemingly an 'alternafreak', while portraying her as perhaps the smartest, most capable person on television. Not a junkie, killer, loser, or television stereotype." Perrette added some of her own "contributions" to the character, and also conferred with friend Clint Catalyst, the "author of "Cottonmouth Kisses" [who is] often brought in as a guest on TV shows when they are doing pieces on goth or alternative culture." Perrette explained that "Clint and I and our 3,000 closest friends all play together ... We've never sat around and labeled each other. Sure, there are nights when a certain event leans more towards one style than the other, but it's not like some turf war with gang colors." Like her character, Perrette has often been asked if she is goth or punk, to which her response is "Who cares?" Consequently, she told her employers that her character is not the type to seek out a label; Abby "wouldn't call herself anything but Abby ... What she represents is a smart, capable chick that cannot be reduced to a stereotype." On October 4, 2017, "TV Guide" reported that Perrette would be leaving the series at the end of the 15th season; she made her final appearance in the episode "Two Steps Back".


title: Pauley Perrette

text: In addition to acting, Perrette is a poet author (her short story "Cheers..." appears in the anthology "Pills, Thrills, Chills, and Heartache: Adventures in the First Person"). In 2007, she began production on a documentary about U.S. civil rights attorney and author Mark Lane. Entitled "Citizen Lane", it was completed in 2013.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: In a 2005 interview with Craig Ferguson, then host of "The Late Late Show", Perrette said she has had a lifelong crime obsession. She was an undergrad student in sociology, psychology, and criminal science. She started her master's degree in criminal science before her career in the entertainment industry.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: In the January/February 2010 Performer Q Score, Perrette tied in the top three alongside Tom Hanks and Morgan Freeman. She was also the only woman to make the top 10. Perrette began appearing in television commercials for Expedia.com in late 2010. She made a guest appearance as a judge on season four, episode six of "RuPaul's Drag Race". As of winter 2018, her Q Score was 44, giving her the highest score of all current female television actors.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette played the lead role as Jackie in the CBS sitcom "Broke", which aired in 2020. In May 2020, "Broke" was cancelled after one season. On July 7, 2020, Perrette retired from acting.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette recorded her song "Fear" (co-written with Tom Polce) under the name "Stop Making Friends". The song was recorded for "NCIS: The Official TV Soundtrack" which was released on February 10, 2009. "Fear" was featured in the "NCIS" episode "Aliyah" (season 6 episode 25), according to the soundtrack's website.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Prior to this, Perrette was the lead singer in the Los Angeles-based all-female band Lo-Ball, using the stage name "Pauley P." The song "Can't Get Me Down" by Lo-Ball is heard in the movie "Legally Blonde". Perrette appeared in "The Unnamed Feeling" video for heavy metal band Metallica from their album "St. Anger". In 2011, Perrette was the featured vocalist on a song called "Fire in Your Eyes" by B. Taylor, a Las Vegas-based hip-hop artist. She also sang on the 2011 single "Attention Please" by DMC.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette married Canadian actor and musician Coyote Shivers in 2000; the couple separated four years later, with their divorce becoming final in 2006. She was granted restraining orders against him, alleging that he subjected her to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse during and after their marriage.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette worked with "America's Most Wanted" in February 2004 to present the city of Prattville, Alabama, with a check for $10,000, which will be used to supplement the reward offer for information leading to the arrest of the person who killed Shannon Paulk. Paulk was from Prattville, Alabama, near where Perrette had once lived as a child. Perrette also donated $10,000 to Detroit law enforcement officials in 2007 to be used as a reward for information regarding the disappearance/murder of Raven Jeffries, a seven-year-old Detroit girl. (Perrette's then-partner was from Detroit.) The story originally aired on "America's Most Wanted" on September 8, 2007, on Fox. She also asked them for help in finding the person(s) who killed her friend, Lisa Williamson, who was murdered in 2007 after her Detroit home was set on fire. In 2009, Perrette worked with "America's Most Wanted" on the case of Tammy Vincent.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette supports many charitable organizations, including animal rescue organizations, the American Red Cross, civil rights organizations, and LGBT rights organizations. Perrette opposed the California ballot initiative Proposition 8 in 2008, writing a public letter in fall of that year urging votes against the measure. She is a member of the Hollywood United Methodist Church.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: She dated cameraman Michael Bosman for four years before their engagement; however, the two did not marry, saying they would wait until everyone can get married in the United States. They instead filed for all the legal protections that are available to same-sex couples. Bosman did not propose until the legalization of same-sex marriage in California in June 2008. The couple campaigned very publicly against 2008 California Proposition 8. Perrette and Bosman split, and in December 2011 she announced her engagement to former British Royal Marine Thomas Arklie. She had again announced that the couple would not marry until Proposition 8 is invalidated.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette, who is a natural blonde, was hospitalized in 2014 after "a severe allergic reaction to her [character's] trademark ink-black [hair] color." She told CBS News in Los Angeles that her face had swollen to twice its size and warned that "anyone out there [who] dyes their hair, particularly black, you need to be aware of the symptoms."


title: Pauley Perrette

text: On November 12, 2015, Perrette was assaulted by a homeless man outside her Hollywood Hills home. Los Angeles Police arrested David Merck, 45, and charged him with suspicion of making criminal threats and felony assault. Perrette later told "Entertainment Tonight" that she does not blame her attacker nor does she hold ill will against him.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: Perrette co-owned Donna Bell's Bake Shop, named for her mother, in Manhattan, New York City. The shop closed December 2020 after nearly 10 years of business.


title: Pauley Perrette

text: On June 7, 2019, Perrette said she left "NCIS" due to an on-set dog-biting incident and alleged multiple physical assaults. She also stated that she was "terrified" of her former co-star Mark Harmon.


title: Nathan Fielder

text: Nathan Joseph Fielder (born May 12, 1983) is a Canadian comedian, actor, writer, director, producer, and entrepreneur. He is best known for co-creating, directing, and starring in the Comedy Central parody reality show "Nathan for You" (2013–2017) and the HBO docu-comedy "The Rehearsal" (2022–present), and executive producing "How To with John Wilson" (2020–present).


title: Nathan Fielder

text: Nathan Joseph Fielder was born into a Jewish family in Vancouver on May 12, 1983, the son of social workers Deb and Eric Fielder. He attended Point Grey Secondary School, where he was a member of the school's improv comedy group, which also included comedian Seth Rogen. He worked as a magician during his teenage years and is a member of The Magic Castle. He studied business at the University of Victoria, where he graduated with a BComm in 2005. After university, he moved to Toronto and enrolled in Humber College's in 2006. He worked briefly for a brokerage firm before quitting to start his comedy career.


title: Nathan Fielder

text: After receiving the Tim Sims Encouragement Fund Award in 2006, Fielder worked as a writer on "Canadian Idol", where he was noticed by Michael Donovan, an executive producer for the CBC comedy series "This Hour Has 22 Minutes". Donovan hired Fielder as a field correspondent, and developed his popular recurring segment, "Nathan on Your Side". In 2010, Fielder wrote and directed a number of sketches for Season 2 of "Important Things with Demetri Martin" on Comedy Central. He was also featured as a guest voice actor on the Season 2 finale of "Bob's Burgers", "Beefsquatch", as well as the Season 6 episode, "The Land Ship". Fielder played the role of Jon Benjamin's boom operator in the 2011 television series "Jon Benjamin Has a Van", and played Bob Woodward in the "Washington, DC" episode of Comedy Central's "Drunk History". Fielder has also guest-starred on the Adult Swim show "Rick and Morty". He appeared in the 2015 film "The Night Before" and the 2017 biopic "The Disaster Artist". Fielder also has a YouTube channel, mainly comprising short sketches involving him and his friends.


title: Nathan Fielder

text: In 2013, Fielder co-created his own show on Comedy Central called "Nathan for You". The show, which he wrote, directed, and starred in, was based on the "Nathan On Your Side" segments that he did for "This Hour Has 22 Minutes". The show's premise features Fielder, playing a persona loosely based on himself, providing advice for local small businesses. In November 2017, the show finished its fourth and final season.


title: Nathan Fielder

text: On the morning of February 7, 2014, a coffee shop called Dumb Starbucks Coffee opened in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles. The shop stated that they were operating as a parody of the global coffee company and coffeehouse chain Starbucks and utilized the chain's siren logo in their signage, cups, and other materials. The shop mocked items standard to most Starbucks' locations such as Norah Jones CDs and drinks by using the term "Dumb" in front of the names, such as "Dumb Norah Jones Duets" and "Dumb Iced Vanilla Latte". Beverages and pastries were distributed free of charge. A few days later, Starbucks announced that they were not affiliated with the shop and that they were "evaluating [their] next steps" due to the shop deliberately attempting to mimic the look of a legitimate Starbucks location.


title: Nathan Fielder

text: The identity of the person behind the shop was not released initially, and various artists and comedians such as Banksy and Tim & Eric were theorized to be involved with the prank (the latter’s production company Abso Lutely Productions had applied for a filming permit at the Dumb Starbucks Coffee location). On February 10, 2014, the shop was closed by the Los Angeles County Health Department for not having the permits required to operate a coffee shop. Shortly thereafter, Fielder announced that he was behind the parody and the "Los Angeles Times" noted the prank's similarity to other skits performed on Fielder's show "Nathan for You".


title: Nathan Fielder

text: Fielder started a not-for-profit company called Summit Ice Apparel in 2015, after learning that the Vancouver-based company Taiga posted a tribute to Holocaust denier Doug Collins. He decided to start his own company and produce soft shell jackets. This endeavor was shown during Season 3 of "Nathan for You". 100% of Summit Ice Apparel's profits go to the Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre in Vancouver. The company had close to $500,000 in sales in the first three months. In March 2017, he opened up a pop-up shop in Vancouver where members of the public could buy Summit Ice Apparel or exchange their Taiga jacket for a Summit Ice jacket. Fielder himself worked the register. A film crew was also on-site.


title: Nathan Fielder

text: In 2019, it was announced that Fielder had signed an overall deal with HBO, under which he will serve as executive producer for the documentary series "How To with John Wilson" and will star, write, and direct in a separate comedy series. In 2020, Showtime picked up the comedy series "The Curse", created and written by Fielder and filmmaker Benny Safdie, and starring Fielder, Safdie, and Emma Stone. In 2021, HBO announced the name of another new comedy series, "The Rehearsal", which Fielder will write, direct, executive produce, and star in. The official description accompanying the announcement described that, in the series, Fielder "gives people the opportunity to rehearse for their own lives."


title: Nathan Fielder

text: Fielder was married to a children's librarian from 2011 until their divorce in 2014. He is incorrectly listed as female on his U.S. green card. He lives in Silver Lake, Los Angeles.


title: Nathan Fielder

text: Fielder describes himself as Jewish but "not particularly religious." Both "Nathan for You" and "The Rehearsal" contain themes related to modern Judaism such as antisemitism, Holocaust denial and historical revisionism, and interfaith parenting.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: Kyle Merritt MacLachlan (; ' McLachlan"', February 22, 1959) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dale Cooper in "Twin Peaks" (1990–1991; 2017) and its film prequel "" (1992), as well as roles in two of David Lynch's films: Paul Atreides in "Dune" (1984) and Jeffrey Beaumont in "Blue Velvet" (1986). MacLachlan's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in "The Hidden" (1987), Ray Manzarek in "The Doors" (1991), Cliff Vandercave in "The Flintstones" (1994), Zack Carey in "Showgirls" (1995) and the voice of Riley's father in "Inside Out" (2015).


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: He has had prominent roles in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in "Sex and the City" (2000–2002), Orson Hodge in "Desperate Housewives" (2006–2012), The Captain in "How I Met Your Mother" (2010–2014) and "How I Met Your Father" (2022), the Mayor of Portland in "Portlandia" (2011–2018), and Calvin Johnson in "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." (2014–2015).


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama (1990) and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film in 2017, for playing the role of Dale Cooper in "Twin Peaks". He has also been nominated for two Emmy Awards for "Twin Peaks".


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: MacLachlan was born Kyle Merritt McLachlan (subsequently changing the spelling of his name to reflect his Scottish heritage), at Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital in Yakima, Washington. His mother, Catherine ("née" Stone; 1934-1986), was a public relations director for a school district and a homemaker who was active in community arts programs. His father, Kent Alan McLachlan (1933-2011), was a stockbroker and lawyer. Kyle has Scottish, Cornish, and German ancestry. He grew up in Yakima, the eldest of three boys. His two younger brothers, Craig and Kent Jr., live in the Seattle area. MacLachlan graduated from Eisenhower High School in Yakima. His mother left his father when he was 17, and his parents divorced in his senior year of high school on 12 October 1977.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: MacLachlan was introduced to stage acting by his mother when she became director of a youth theater program for teenagers that she helped set up in Yakima. She also sent him to piano lessons from the age of 9 to 14, when he also began to study classical singing. While in high school, he performed in plays and in class musicals, acting in his first play aged 15. For his senior year, MacLachlan played the lead role of Brindsley Miller in a production of Peter Shaffer's one-act play "Black Comedy" and also performed as Henry Higgins in "My Fair Lady". In 1982, he graduated cum laude with a BFA in drama from the University of Washington (UW), as a student of the Professional Actor Training Program. He initially planned to major in business and also studied classical voice at UW, but changed his focus to acting.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: The first film MacLachlan worked on was "The Changeling" (1980), part of which was shot on the University of Washington campus. He was paid $10 as an extra.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: In the summer of 1981, after his sophomore year at college, he played the lead in three roles at the Old Lyric Repertory Theatre in Logan, Utah and the following summer with the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland, Oregon.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: MacLachlan made his film debut in "Dune" (1984) in the starring role of Paul Atreides. While still in college, MacLachlan was appearing in Molière's "Tartuffe" in a Seattle-area theater. A casting agent for "Dune" producer Dino de Laurentiis was looking for a young actor to star in the film, and multiple people recommended MacLachlan. After several screen tests, he hit it off with director David Lynch, aided by their common Pacific Northwest backgrounds, and succeeded in winning the part.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: After "Dune" flopped and met with poor reviews from critics, MacLachlan found it difficult to find work. He moved to Los Angeles in 1985, and auditioned for several films, including "Top Gun", but failed to win any roles, eventually dropping his agent, Creative Artists Agency.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: Finally, Lynch cast MacLachlan in the starring role of Jeffrey Beaumont in "Blue Velvet" (1986), which was received more positively. Reflecting on his enduring relationship with Lynch in a 2012 interview, MacLachlan remarked: "David Lynch plucked me from obscurity. He cast me as the lead in "Dune" and "Blue Velvet", and people have seen me as this boy-next-door-cooking-up-something-weird-in-the-basement ever since." Lynch biographer Chris Rodley described MacLachlan as an on-screen incarnation of Lynch's own persona.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: MacLachlan further collaborated with Lynch in the ABC television series "Twin Peaks" (1990–91), playing Special Agent Dale Cooper, reprising that role for Lynch's 1992 prequel film "". Lynch commented on those roles in a "GQ" story about MacLachlan: "Kyle plays innocents who are interested in the mysteries of life. He's the person you trust enough to go into a strange world with." MacLachlan also said he considered Lynch one of his mentors that had a "monumental impact" on him. Lynch, who is known to allow his collaborative partners a large degree of control over their roles when working with him, rewrote scenes in "Blue Velvet" and "Twin Peaks" at the request of MacLachlan, who felt they were not right for his characters.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: MacLachlan appeared as musician Ray Manzarek in Oliver Stone's 1991 film "The Doors", about the band of the same name. He had previously turned down Stone's offer to play Chris in the 1986 movie "Platoon", which ultimately went to Charlie Sheen. In the 1993 film version of Franz Kafka's "The Trial", with a screenplay by Harold Pinter, MacLachlan played the lead role of the persecuted Josef K.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: MacLachlan co-starred with Samuel L. Jackson as a rookie prison guard in John Frankenheimer's 1994 Emmy-winning HBO film "Against the Wall" about the Attica prison riots. In 1994, he was also featured in "The Flintstones", a live-action movie adaptation of the animated sitcom of the same name, portraying Cliff Vandercave, the movie's primary antagonist, opposite John Goodman and Rick Moranis. He played the role of a killer in "Tales from the Crypt", in 1991.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: In 1995, MacLachlan starred in Paul Verhoeven's "Showgirls". The movie was heavily panned by critics and it collected a record seven Golden Raspberry Awards. MacLachlan recalls that when he watched "Showgirls" for the first time before the premiere, he thought it was "horrible". But he later realised that the movie was "inadvertently funny" and embraced for its campiness. According to MacLachlan, although he skipped the movie's press tour, he had sat through the whole screening, contrary to reports that he walked out.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: From 2000 to 2002, MacLachlan had a recurring role in the American television series "Sex and the City", portraying Dr. Trey MacDougal, the one-time husband of Charlotte York (Kristin Davis). MacLachlan played King Claudius in the 2000 film "Hamlet" based on William Shakespeare's play. In the video game "Grand Theft Auto III" released in 2001, he voiced the character of the sociopathic real-estate developer Donald Love. In 2002 he made his West End debut in John Kolvenbach's "On an Average Day" with Woody Harrelson.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: In 2003, MacLachlan made his Broadway debut as Aston in Harold Pinter's "The Caretaker" with Patrick Stewart. He portrayed the spirit of Cary Grant in the 2004 film "Touch of Pink". His resemblance to Grant had been previously noted in an episode of "Twin Peaks". That same year he also had a guest role in "", in which he played a psychiatrist who shot and killed a sociopathic child who had murdered his son. He was a guest star in the show again in 2011, as a politician whose son is involved in a rape accusation.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: In 2006, after starring in the short-lived "In Justice", MacLachlan appeared in "Desperate Housewives" as the mysterious dentist Orson Hodge. He first appeared during the show's second season, and became a full-time cast member at the start of season three. In 2007, MacLachlan was one of the presenters at the London leg of Live Earth benefit concerts. He appeared in the 2008 film "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2". In the English version of the cult 2006 Norwegian animated film "Free Jimmy" released in 2008, he voiced the character of "Marius", a militant animal rights activist.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: In 2010, after four years of playing Orson Hodge, MacLachlan decided to quit "Desperate Housewives" as he found the commute from his home in New York City to the set in Los Angeles increasingly difficult since becoming a father in 2008. However, he returned as a guest star in 2012 for season eight, the final season of "Desperate Housewives". He also guest starred as George "The Captain" Van Smoot in season 6, 8 and 9 of "How I Met Your Mother" from 2010 until 2014. He would reprise the role in the first season of the spinoff "How I Met Your Father" in 2022.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: From 2011 to 2018, he played the role of Mayor of Portland, Oregon, in the IFC comedy "Portlandia". After the end of the short-lived 2012 series "Made in Jersey" where he starred as lawyer Donovan Stark, he was cast as a guest star in "The Good Wife". In 2013 and 2014 he appeared as prosecutor Josh Perotti in four episodes of "The Good Wife". In 2014 and 2015 he appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe television series "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." as supervillain Calvin Zabo / The Doctor. In 2015, he voiced Riley Anderson's father in the Pixar animated feature "Inside Out". In January 2015, it was announced that MacLachlan would return as Special Agent Dale Cooper for the new limited television series "Twin Peaks", which debuted on May 21, 2017. In an interview, MacLachlan said he doesn't understand all of "Twin Peaks" and that fans understand it much more than him.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: In 2018, MacLachlan starred as the main antagonist Isaac Izard in the fantasy-horror family film "The House with a Clock in its Walls".


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: A dedicated wine lover, Kyle is partners with vintner Eric Dunham in "Pursued by Bear", a label of Dunham Cellars in Walla Walla, Washington that started in 2005. The name, suggested over dinner by Fred Savage, comes from a stage direction ("Exit, pursued by a bear") in Shakespeare's "The Winter's Tale". It is regarded as one of Washington's highest rated wine labels. "Pursued By Bear" sells five wines: Twin Bear, Pursued by Bear, Baby Bear, Blushing Bear, Bear Cub.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: MacLachlan was devastated when his mother died of ovarian cancer in 1986, aged 53, shortly before "Blue Velvet" was released. She had been diagnosed while he was filming "Dune" in 1983, and delayed informing him of the diagnosis. His father died of post-surgery complications in 2011.