title: Porsche 911

text: The 911 traces its roots to sketches drawn by Ferdinand "Butzi" Porsche in 1959. The Porsche 911 was developed as a more powerful, larger and a more comfortable replacement for the 356, the company's first model. The new car made its public debut at the 1963 Frankfurt Motor Show (). The car was developed with the proof-of-concept twin-fan Type 745 flat-six engine, but the car presented at the auto show had a non-operational mockup of the single-fan 901 engine, receiving a working unit in February 1964.


title: Porsche 911

text: It originally was designated as the "Porsche 901" (901 being its internal project number). A total of 82 cars were built as which were badged as 901s. However, French automobile manufacturer Peugeot protested on the grounds that in France it had exclusive rights to car names formed by three numbers with a zero in the middle. Instead of selling the new model with a different name in France, Porsche changed the name to 911. Internally, the cars' part numbers carried on the prefix 901 for years. Production began in September 1964, with the first 911s exported to the US in February 1965.


title: Porsche 911

text: The first models of the 911 had a rear-mounted Type 901/01 flat-6 engine, in the "boxer" configuration like the 356, the engine is air-cooled and displaces as compared to the 356's four-cylinder, unit. The car had four seats although the rear seats were small, thus it is usually called a 2+2 rather than a four-seater (the 356 was also a 2+2). A four or five-speed "Type 901" manual transmission was available. The styling was largely penned by Ferdinand "Butzi" Porsche, son of Ferdinand "Ferry" Porsche. Butzi Porsche initially came up with a notchback design with proper space for seating two rear passengers but Ferry Porsche insisted that the 356's successor was to use its fastback styling. 7 prototypes were built based on Butzi Porsche's original design and were internally called the Porsche 754 T7. Erwin Komenda, the leader of the Porsche car body construction department who initially objected, was also involved later in the design.


title: Porsche 911

text: Production of the 356 ended in 1965, but there was still a market for a 4-cylinder car, particularly in the US. The 912, introduced in the same year, served as a direct replacement, offering the de-tuned version of 356 SC's 4-cylinder, , boxer four Type 616/36 engine inside the 911 bodywork with Type 901 four-speed manual transmission (a 5-speed manual transmission was optional).


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1966, Porsche introduced the more powerful 911S with Type 901/02 engine having a power output of . Forged aluminum alloy wheels from Fuchsfelge, with a 5-spoke design, were offered for the first time. In motorsport at the same time, the engine was developed into the Type 901/20 and was installed in the mid-engine 904 and 906 with an increased power output of , as well as fuel injected Type 901/21 installed in later variants of the 906 and 910 with a power output of .


title: Porsche 911

text: In August 1967, the A series went into production with dual brake circuits and widened (5.5J-15) wheels still fitted with Pirelli Cinturato 165HR15 CA67 tyres., and the previously standard gasoline-burning heater became optional. The Targa (meaning "plate" in Italian) version was introduced. The Targa had a stainless steel-clad roll bar, as automakers believed that proposed rollover safety requirements by the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) would make it difficult for fully open convertibles to meet regulations for sale in the US, an important market for the 911. The name "Targa" came from the Targa Florio sports car road race in Sicily, Italy in which Porsche had several victories until 1973. The last win in the subsequently discontinued event was scored with a 911 Carrera RS against prototypes entered by Ferrari and Alfa Romeo. The road-going Targa was equipped with a removable roof panel and a removable plastic rear window (although a fixed glass version was offered from 1968).


title: Porsche 911

text: The 911T was also launched in 1967 with Type 901/03 engine. The model was renamed the 911L with Type 901/06 engine and ventilated front disc brakes. The brakes had been introduced on the previous 911S. The 911R with 901/22 engine had a limited production (20 in all), as this was a lightweight racing version with thin fiberglass reinforced plastic doors, a magnesium crankcase, twin overhead camshafts, and a power output of .


title: Porsche 911

text: A clutchless semi-automatic "Sportomatic" model, composed of a torque converter, an automatic clutch, and the four-speed transmission was added in Autumn 1967. It was canceled after the 1980 model year partly because of the elimination of a forward gear to make it a three-speed.


title: Porsche 911

text: The B series went into production in August 1968, replacing the 911L model with 911E with fuel injection. It remained in production until July 1969. The 911E gained 185/70VR15 Pirelli Cinturato CN36, and 6J-15 wheels.


title: Porsche 911

text: The C series was introduced in August 1969 with an enlarged 2.2-litre engine (84 mm bore x 66 mm stroke). The wheelbase for all 911 and 912 models was increased from , to help as a remedy to the car's nervous handling at the limit. The overall length of the car did not change, but the rear wheels were relocated further back. Fuel injection arrived for the 911S (901/10 engine) and for a new middle model, 911E (901/09 engine).


title: Porsche 911

text: The 2.2-litre 911E (C and D series) had lower power output of the 911/01 engine ( at 6,200 rpm) compared to the 911S's Type 911/02 ( at 6,500 rpm), but 911E was quicker in acceleration up to .


title: Porsche 911

text: The E series for 1972–1973 model years (August 1971 to July 1972 production) consisted of the same models, but with a new, larger engine. This is known as the "2.4 L" engine, despite its displacement being closer to 2.3 litres.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 911E (Type 911/52 engine) and 911S (Type 911/53) used Bosch mechanical fuel injection (MFI) in all markets. For 1972 the 911T (Type 911/57) was carbureted, except in the US and some Asian markets where the 911T also came with (MFI) mechanical fuel injection (Type 911/51 engine) with power increase over European models (130 hp) to 140 hp commonly known as a 911T/E.


title: Porsche 911

text: With power and torque increase, the 2.4-litre cars also got a newer, stronger transmission, identified by its Porsche type number 915. Derived from the transmission in the 908 race car, the 915 did away with the 901 transmission's "dog-leg" style first gear arrangement, opting for a traditional H pattern with first gear up to the left, second gear underneath first, etc. The E series had the unusual oil filler behind the right side door, with the dry sump oil tank relocated from behind the right rear wheel to the front of it in an attempt to move the center of gravity slightly forward for better handling. An extra oil filler/inspection flap was located on the rear wing, for this reason it became known as an "Oil Klapper", "Ölklappe" or "Vierte Tür (4th door)".


title: Porsche 911

text: The F series (August 1972 to July 1973 production) moved the oil tank back to the original behind-the-wheel location. This change was in response to complaints that gas-station attendants often filled gasoline into the oil tank. In January 1973, US 911Ts were switched to the new K-Jetronic CIS (Continuous Fuel Injection) system from Bosch on Type 911/91 engine.


title: Porsche 911

text: 911S models also gained a small spoiler under the front bumper to improve high-speed stability. The cars weighed . The 911 ST was produced in small numbers for racing (the production run for the ST lasted from 1970 to 1971). The cars were available with engines of either or displacement, having a power output of at 8,000 rpm. Weight was down to . The cars had success at the Daytona 6 Hours, the Sebring 12 Hours, the 1000 km Nürburgring, and the Targa Florio.


title: Porsche 911

text: RS stands for "Rennsport" in German, meaning "race sport". The Carrera name was reintroduced from the 356 Carrera which had itself been named after Porsche's class victories in the Carrera Panamericana races in Mexico in the 1950s. The RS was developed to meet motorsport homologation requirements. Compared to a standard 911S, the Carrera 2.7 RS had a larger engine (2,687 cc) developing with Bosch (Kugelfischer) mechanical fuel injection, revised and stiffened suspension, a "ducktail" rear spoiler, larger brakes, wider rear wheels and rear fenders, to fit 185/70VR15 & 215/60VR15 Pirelli Cinturato CN36 tyres. In RS Touring form it weighed , in Sport Lightweight form it was about lighter, the saving coming from thin gauge steel used for parts of the body shell and also the use of thinner glass. In total, 1,580 units were made, and qualified for the FIA Group 4 class. 49 Carrera RSR cars were built with engines rated at .


title: Porsche 911

text: For the 1974 IROC Championship (which started in December 1973), 1973 Carrera RSR models were fitted with the 3.0 engine and a flat "whale tail" in place of the ducktail spoiler along with wide body panels and large tyres.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1974, Porsche developed the Carrera RS 3.0 with mechanical fuel injection rated at . Its price was almost twice that of the 2.7 RS, but it offered racing capability. The chassis was largely similar to that of the 1973 Carrera RSR and the braking system was from the 917 racing car. The use of thinner metal plate panels and a minimalist interior enabled its weight to be reduced to around .


title: Porsche 911

text: The Carrera RSR 3.0 was sold to racing teams and scored wins in several major sports car races of the mid-1970s. Also, a prototype Carrera RSR Turbo (with 2.1-litre engine due to a 1.4x equivalency formula) came second at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1974 and won several major races, a significant event in that its engine would form the basis of many future Porsche attempts in sports car racing. This, and the earlier 917, was Porsche's commitment to turbocharger applications in its cars.


title: Porsche 911

text: There is a common misconception that all 911s built between 1974 and 1989 are 'G-series' cars. In fact, the G-series was only produced for the 1974 model year. It was followed by the H, J, K, and so on.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 1974 model year brought many significant changes to the 911 to meet legislative requirements around the world for both impact safety and emissions. First, the engine size was increased to 2,687 cc achieving higher torque. Second, new impact bumpers conformed with low-speed protection requirements of US regulations. Thirdly, the use of K-Jetronic CIS Bosch fuel injection in two of the three models in the line up— the 911 and 911S models, retaining the narrow rear arches of the old 2.4, now had a 2.7-litre engine rated at and , respectively. The standard 911 version received an increase to for Model Year 1976, which meant that starting from MY 1976, there was only a difference in power of 10 hp between the 911 and the 911S. The engine remained a K-Jetronic 2.7-litre. The 911S 2.7 engine was rated during the entire lifespan at .


title: Porsche 911

text: The Carrera 2.7 model built for all markets, except for the United States, used the RS 911/83 engine with Bosch mechanical fuel injection pump from the 1973 Carrera RS. These Carrera 2.7 MFI models were built from 1974 until 1976 and were mechanically identical to the 1973 Carrera RS. The Carrera 2.7 model produced for the North American markets, often referred to as the Carrera 2.7 CIS, was powered by the same 2.7-litre engine as the 911S which produced . The initial Carrera 2.7 models had the same welded-on rear RS flares, before switching to the SC stamped style rear flares during the middle of the 1974 production year. The Carrera 2.7 coupés weighed in at , the same weight as the 1973 Carrera RS Touring.


title: Porsche 911

text: For the 1974 model year, the Carrera 2.7 was available with the "ducktail" rear spoiler first introduced with the 1973 Carrera RS. In the North American markets, the ducktail was standard equipment for the Carrera. All other markets the ducktail was optional, except for the home German market where the ducktail had been outlawed by the TÜV road homologation department. This led to the introduction of the whale tail rear spoiler, available as an option on the 1974-75 Carrera 2.7 models, as well as the newly introduced 930 Turbo.


title: Porsche 911

text: The Carrera 2.7 was replaced by the Carrera 3.0 for the 1976 model year, except for a special run of 113 1976 Carrera 2.7 MFI coupés were built for the German market featuring the 911/83 RS engine, with an additional 20 narrow-bodied 1976 Carrera MFI 2.7 Targas being supplied to the Belgian Gendarmerie. The 1976 Carrera 2.7 MFI Sondermodells were the last mechanically fuel injected 911 produced by Porsche and still featured the 1973 RS engine.


title: Porsche 911

text: For the 1976 model year, the 912E was produced for the U.S. market. This was a 4-cylinder version of the 911 in the same manner as the 912 that had last been produced in 1969. It used the I-series chassis powered by the Volkswagen 2.0 engine also used in the Porsche 914 for 1973 through 1975 model years. 2,099 units were produced. The 912E was replaced by the front-engine Porsche 924 for the 1977 model year.


title: Porsche 911

text: For the 1976 model year, Porsche introduced the Carrera 3.0 with wide rear flares, optional whaletail, and a variety of other luxury options. It was available in all markets except North America. The Carrera 3.0 was fitted with a variation of the 930 Turbo's 2994 cc engine (minus the turbocharger). The engine (dubbed the 930/02) featured K-Jetronic CIS. It developed in contrast to the older Carrera 2.7 MFI model's . The crankcase and gearbox housing were made of aluminium rather than magnesium for improved reliability. Magnesium cases were reviled for thermal expansion/contraction issues as engines grew in displacement and heat generation also increased.


title: Porsche 911

text: The new engine, which featured bigger intake and exhaust valves, produced greater torque allowing the Carrera 3.0 to achieve the same performance as the previous Carrera 2.7, in 6.1 seconds and in 27 seconds. Both versions boasted a top speed of approximately .


title: Porsche 911

text: The 911 Carrera 3.0 was produced in both targa (1,125 examples produced) and coupé (2,566) versions. The Carrera 3.0 was available with a manual gearbox (type 915) with 4 or 5 speeds as well as 3-speed automatic transmission (called the Sportomatic). Production totals were 3,691 manual cars and 58 Sportomatic cars.


title: Porsche 911

text: For the 1975 model year, Porsche introduced the first production turbocharged 911. Although called the 930 Turbo (930 being its internal type number) in Europe, it was marketed as the 930 Turbo Carrera in North America. The body shape incorporated wide wheel-arches to accommodate the wide 205/50R15 & 225/50R15 Pirelli P7 tyres, and a large rear spoiler often known as a "whale tail" on the early cars (modified from the original 1974 IROC design). They were initially fitted with a 3.0-litre engine and four-speed manual transmission.


title: Porsche 911

text: Production of the first 400 units qualified the 930 for FIA Group 4 competition. With the racing version called the Porsche 934 of 1976 participating at the 24 Hours of Le Mans and other races including battles with the BMW 3.0 CSL "Batmobile". The FIA Group 5 version called Porsche 935 evolved from the 934. Fitted with a slope nose or "slant nose", the 500+ PS car was campaigned in 1976 by the factory, winning the world championship title. Private teams went on to win many races, like Le Mans in 1979, and continued to compete successfully with the car well into the 1980s until the FIA and IMSA rules were changed.


title: Porsche 911

text: For the 1978 model year, Porsche revised the 930 with a larger 3.3-litre turbocharged engine with intercooler rated at . To fit the intercooler a newly designed "tea-tray" tail spoiler replaced the earlier whale tail spoiler. Porsche dropped the "Carrera" nomenclature for the North American markets and the car was simply called the Porsche 911 Turbo worldwide. The larger engine helped reduce some of the turbo lag inherent in the earlier models.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1989, a 5-speed manual transmission became available for the 930. The 930 was replaced in 1990 with the 964 turbo featuring the same 3.3-litre engine. There have been turbocharged variants of each subsequent generation of 911 since then.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1978, Porsche introduced the new version of the 911, called the '911SC'. Porsche reintroduced the SC designation for the first time since the 356SC (as distinguished from the race engined 356 Carrera). There was no Carrera version of the 911SC. According to modern-day Porsche literature and websites (there is no period reference to SC meaning anything) the "SC" stands for "Super Carrera". It featured a 3.0-litre aluminum engine with Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection and a 5-speed 915 transmission. Originally power output was , later and then in 1981 it was increased to . The move to an aluminum engine was to regain case reliability, something missing for many years with magnesium. In 1981 a Cabriolet concept car was introduced at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The convertible body design also featured four-wheel drive, although this was dropped in the production version. The first 911 Cabriolet debuted in late 1982, as a 1983 model. This was Porsche's first cabriolet since the 356 of the mid-1960s. A total of 4,214 were sold in its introductory year, despite its premium price relative to the open-top targa. Cabriolet versions of the 911 have been offered ever since.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1979, Porsche had made plans to replace the 911 with their new 928 company flagship. Sales of the 911 remained so strong, however, that Porsche revised its strategy and decided to inject new life into the 911 editions. 911 SC sales totaled 58,914 cars.


title: Porsche 911

text: The replacement for the SC series came in 1984 as the 911 3.2 Carrera, reviving the Carrera name for the first time since 1977. This was the last iteration in the original 911 series, with all subsequent models featuring new body styling and new brake, electronic, and suspension technologies.


title: Porsche 911

text: A new higher-displacement engine, a 3.2-litre horizontally opposed flat 6-cylinder unit, was utilized. At the time Porsche claimed it was 80% new. The new swept volume of 3,164 cc was achieved using the bore (from the previous SC model) combined with the 1978 Turbo 3.3 crankshaft's stroke. In addition, higher domed pistons increased the compression ratio from 9.8 to 10.3:1 (9.5:1 for the US market). New inlet manifold and exhaust systems were fitted. The 915 transmission was carried over from the SC series for the first three model years. In 1987, the Carrera got a new five-speed gearbox sourced from Getrag, model number G50 with proven BorgWarner synchronizers. This slightly heavier version also featured a hydraulically operated clutch.


title: Porsche 911

text: With the new engine, power was increased to (at 5,900 rpm) for North American-delivered cars and to (at 5,900 rpm) for most other markets. This version of the 911 accelerated in 5.4 seconds and had a top speed of as measured by "Autocar". Factory figures were more modest: 0– time of 6.3 seconds for the US version and 6.1 seconds for cars outside the American market.


title: Porsche 911

text: The brake discs were increased in size to aid in more effective heat dissipation and improved oil-fed chain tensioners were fitted to the engine. To improve oil cooling, a finned cooler replaced the serpentine lines in the front passenger fender well. This was further improved in 1987, with the addition of a thermostatically controlled fan.


title: Porsche 911

text: Driving refinement and motor reliability were improved with an upgrade of the fuel and ignition control components to an L-Jetronic with Bosch Motronics 2 DME (Digital Motor Electronics system). An improvement in fuel efficiency was due to the DME providing a petrol cut-off on the overrun. Changes in the fuel map and chip programming from October 1986 further improved the power to (at 5,900 rpm) for North American delivered cars as well as for other markets mandating low emissions, like Germany.


title: Porsche 911

text: Three basic models were available – coupé, targa and cabriolet. The Carrera is almost indistinguishable from the SC with the external clue being the front fog lights that were integrated into the front valance. Only cosmetic changes were made during the production of the Carrera, with a redesigned dashboard featuring larger air conditioning vents appearing in 1986.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1984, Porsche also introduced the M491 option. Officially called the Supersport in the UK, it was commonly known as the "Turbo-Look". It was a style that resembled the 930 Turbo with wide wheel arches and the distinctive "tea tray" tail. It featured the stiffer suspension shared with the Turbo and the superior Turbo braking system as well as the wider Turbo wheels. Sales of the Turbo-Look were high for its first two years in the United States because the desirable 930 was not available.


title: Porsche 911

text: 3,663 were sold until 1989. The Turbo-Look, received official title in the sales lists, as the 930 Chassis option starting in model year 1984. The order was now possible without the special wish department (as previously). At first, only available for the Coupé, some cabriolets were still ordered with Turbo-Look items without having option code M491 in the internal data sheets (cardex). For these cars the "Sonderwunsch" dept. was once more responsible. From model year 1985 the Turbo-Look option could be ordered on all three models; Coupé, Cabriolet and Targa produced together with the narrow body on the same production line.


title: Porsche 911

text: Front fenders of 930 Turbo; which, were attached the same way as the Turbo, first by welding flares to the narrow fender, then from model year 1986 a new, widened fender as a one piece stamped steel part was developed.


title: Porsche 911

text: Side rear 930 widened fenders at the back; which, was attached the same way as the Turbo, first by welding flares to the narrow body, then from model year 1986 a new, widened quarter panel as one piece stamped steel part was manufactured.


title: Porsche 911

text: Porsche service information reads: "The visible from inside weld seam is omitted. The drawing part is now manufactured in one piece"


title: Porsche 911

text: One could cancel the front spoiler and back spoiler - first without a change in price; however, later the package price decreased by about 2000 - DM. Such vehicles were documented, in addition, with the option M470.


title: Porsche 911

text: Axle brackets and anti-sway bars of the Turbo 3.3 (first 20 mm then 22 mm rear, as well as 23 mm in front).


title: Porsche 911

text: FUCHS Magnesium with dimensions: Front: 7x16 and Rear 9x16 – with Tires 205 55 x 16 and 245 50 x 16 (from Model year 1986).


title: Porsche 911

text: The 930 tie rods of the Turbo. There was no independent chassis number given for the M491/M490 optioned vehicles.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1985, Porsche introduced the first Carrera Club Sport prototype with the identification number WP0ZZZ91ZF100848. Later on in that year, a 911 Club Sport Row (Rest Of World) with the identification number WP0ZZZ91ZFS101166 was special ordered for a Porsche driver that was particularly inspired by the CS prototype on the track. From 1987 to September 1989, Porsche decided to produced 340 units for their customers that wanted a track inspired road car, The 911 Carrera Club Sport (CS) (option M637), is a reduced weight version of the standard Carrera purposely built for club racing, it gained engine and suspension modifications. The CS had a blueprinted engine with hollow intake valves and a higher rev limit, deletion of: all power options, sunroof (except one unit), air conditioning (except two units), radio, rear seat, undercoating, sound insulation, rear wiper, door pocket lids, fog lamps, front hood locking mechanism, engine and luggage compartment lights, lockable wheel nuts and even the rear lid "Carrera" logo, all in order to save an estimated in weight. With the exception of CS cars delivered to the UK, all are identifiable by the "CS Club Sport" decal on the left front fender and came in a variety of colors, some special ordered. Some U.S. CS cars did not have the decal installed by the dealer; however, all have a "SP" stamp on the crankcase and cylinder head. The UK cars were all finished "Grand Prix White" with a red "Carrera CS" decal on each side of the car and red wheels. Although the CS was well received by the club racers, because it cost more than the standard 911, but had fewer comfort features. According to Porsche Club of America and Porsche Club Great Britain CS Registers, 21 are documented as delivered to the U.S. in 1988 with 7 in 1989, one to Canada in 1988 and 53 to the United Kingdom from 1987 to 1989.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1988, Porsche produced 875 examples of the CE or Commemorative Edition 911 Carrera in coupe, targa and cabriolet variants to mark the production of the 250,000th 911. Distinguishing features include special diamond blue metallic paint with color-matched Fuchs wheels, front and rear spoilers, and interior carpets and leather. These cars also featured Dr. Ferdinand Porsche's signature embroidered on the seats in the headrest area. Of the 875 examples produced, only 300 were imported to the US (120 coupes, 100 cabrio's and 80 Targa's), 250 were sold in Germany, 50 went to the UK, and the remainder to other countries.


title: Porsche 911

text: For 1989, Porsche produced the 25th Anniversary Special Edition model to mark the 25th year of 911 production. The 1989 Porsche brochure lists production of 500 U.S. market cars, of which 300 were coupés (240 in silver metallic paint and 60 in satin black metallic), and 200 cabriolet models (160 in silver and 40 in black). All had "silk grey" leather with black accent piping and silk grey velour carpeting. Included were body color Fuchs wheels in 6x16 (front) and 8x16 (rear), stitched leather console with an outside temperature gauge and a CD or cassette holder, a limited-slip differential, and a short shifting gear lever, as well as small bronze "25th Anniversary Special Edition" badges.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 911 Speedster (option M503), a low-roof version of the Cabriolet which was evocative of the 356 Speedster of the 1950s, was produced in limited numbers (2,104 units) starting in January 1989 until July 1989 as both a narrow body car and a Turbo-look. The narrow version production was 171 units. The Speedster started as a design under in 1983 but was not manufactured until six years later. It was a two-seat convertible that featured a low swept windshield.


title: Porsche 911

text: Total production of the 911 3.2 Carrera series was 76,473 cars (35,670 coupé, 19,987 cabrio, 18,468 targa).


title: Porsche 911

text: According to the manufacturer in 2014, an estimate of around 150,000 of the 911 cars from the model years 1964 to 1989 are still on the road at that date.


title: Porsche 911

text: For 1989 the 911 underwent a major evolution with the introduction of the Type 964. With technologies from the 959 flagship model, this would be an important car for Porsche, since the world economy was undergoing recession and the company could not rely on its image alone. It was launched as the Carrera 4, the "4" indicating four-wheel-drive, demonstrating the company's commitment to engineering. Drag coefficient was down to 0.32. A rear spoiler deployed at high speed, preserving the purity of design when the vehicle was at rest. The chassis was redesigned overall. Coil springs, ABS brakes and power steering made their debut. The engine was increased in size to 3,600 cc and was rated at . The rear-wheel-drive version, the Carrera 2, arrived a year later.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 964 incarnation of the 911 Turbo returned in 1990 after an absence from the price lists. At first, it used a refined version of the 3.3 L engine of the previous Turbo, but two years later a turbocharged engine based on the 3.6 L engine of the other 964 models was introduced.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1990, Porsche introduced the ahead-of-its-time Tiptronic automatic transmission in the 964 Carrera 2, featuring adaptive electronic management and full manual control. The 964 was one of the first cars in the world offered with dual airbags standard (from 1991), the first being the 944 Turbo (from 1987).


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1992, Porsche re-introduced a limited-edition RS model, inspired by the 1973 Carrera RS and emissions-legal in Europe only. In 1993, appeals from American customers resulted in Porsche developing the RS America of which 701 units were built. In 1994, the RS America returned with rear seats. A total of 84 RS America cars were made in 1994. However, while European RS was a homologation special, RS America was an option delete variant of the regular model. The RS 3.8 of 1993 had Turbo-style bodywork, a larger fixed whale tail in place of the electronically operated rear spoiler, and a engine.


title: Porsche 911

text: Since the RS/RS America was intended as a no-compromise, higher performance version of the 964, there were four factory options available: a limited-slip differential, AM/FM cassette stereo, air conditioning, and a sunroof. The interior was more basic than a standard 911 as well; for example, the interior door panels lacked the armrests and door pockets and had a simple pull strap for the opening mechanism.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1990 Porsche introduced a Turbocharged version of the 964 series. This car is sometimes mistakenly called 965 (this type number actually referred to a stillborn project that would have been a hi-tech turbocharged car in the vein of the 959). For the 1991 through 1993 model years, Porsche produced the 964 Turbo with the 930's proven 3.3 L engine, improved to have a power output of . 1994 brought the Carrera 2/4's 3.6 L engine, now in turbocharged form and sending a staggering to the rear wheels. With the 993 on the way, this car was produced through 1994 and remains rather rare.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 911 was again revised for model year 1994 under the internal name Type 993. This car was significant as it was the final incarnation of the air-cooled 911 first introduced in 1964. Most enthusiasts and collectors consider the 993 to be the best of the air-cooled 911 series. As Car & Driver noted, "Porsche's version of the Goldilocks tale is the 993-generation 911, the one many Porschephiles agree that the company got just right," with an "ideal blend of technology and classic 911 air-cooled heritage." Porsche itself refers to the 993 as "a significant advance, not just from a technical, but also a visual perspective." "993s especially [are] widely regarded as the best the 911 ever got."


title: Porsche 911

text: The exterior featured all-new front and rear ends. The revised bodywork was smoother, having a noticeably more aerodynamic front end somewhat reminiscent of the 959. Styling was by Englishman Tony Hatter under the supervision of design chief Harm Lagaay and was completed in 1991.


title: Porsche 911

text: Along with the revised bodywork, mechanically the 993 also featured an all-new multilink rear suspension that improved the car's ride and handling. This rear suspension was largely derived from the stillborn Porsche 989's rear multilink design and served to rectify the problems with earlier models' tendency to oversteer if the throttle or brakes were applied mid-corner. These modifications also reduced previous 911's lift-off oversteer problems to a much more moderate degree.


title: Porsche 911

text: The new suspension, along with chassis refinements, enabled the car to keep up dynamically with the competition. Engine capacity remained at 3.6 L, but power rose to due to better engine management and exhaust design, and beginning with model year 1996 to . The 993 was the first Porsche to debut variable-length intake runners with the "Varioram" system on 1996 models. This addressed the inherent compromise between high-rpm power production and low-rpm torque production and was one of the first of its kind to be employed on production vehicles. However, the Varioram version with its OBD II had issues with carbon deposits, resulting in failed smog tests. This caused expensive repairs and made comparisons with the 1995 car (with OBD I and just 12 hp less) inevitable. Meanwhile, a new four-wheel-drive system was introduced as an option in the form of the Carrera 4, the rear-wheel-drive versions simply being called Carrera or C2. A lightweight RS variant had a 3.8 L engine rated at , and was only rear-wheel drive.


title: Porsche 911

text: The Targa open-topped model also made a return, this time with a large glass roof that slid under the rear window. The expensive air-cooled 993 Targa had a limited production run between 1996 and 1998. [Production numbers: 1996: US/Can: 462 ROW: 1980, 1997: US/Can: 567 ROW: 1276, 1998: US/Can: 122 (100 Tiptronic / 22 Manual)]


title: Porsche 911

text: As an investment, the 1997 and 1998 Carrera S version has proven the most desirable (apart from even rarer models such as the RS and Turbo S). "Many find that they are the best looking 911 there is and used prices have always seemed to reflect this. They command a hefty premium in today's market and the very best example wide body cars can be priced more than the higher mileage Turbos." Of the widebody 993 series, "The purists will want 2 wheel drive and nothing else will do." Similarly, purists will insist upon the manual transmission over the automatic "Tiptronic" version; this is even more true in the case of the 993 as compared with other models, because Porsche 993s were the first production model (apart from the 959 flagship sports car) to feature a 6-speed manual transmission. The C2S wide-body 993 models are in scarce supply, with none built in 1995 or 1996, and just 759 units made for North America in 1997, with a final supply of 993 in 1998, for a total of 1,752 C2S examples overall.


title: Porsche 911

text: A Turbocharged version of the 993 was launched in 1995 and became the first standard production Porsche with twin turbochargers and the first 911 Turbo to be equipped with permanent all-wheel-drive (the homologated GT2 version based on the Turbo retained RWD). The similarity in specification and in performance levels inspired several comparison road tests with the 959. The 3.6 L twin-turbocharged M64/60 engine is rated at ). The performance was outstanding at the time, as 0 to has been measured at 3.2 seconds, and the braking was even more impressive in 2.3 seconds from the same speed. The car's top speed was measured at at 7,000 rpm. The differences were striking - the 959 had a much smaller engine, sequential turbocharging and a computer-controlled all wheel drive system. The 993 turbo had parallel turbochargers, 3.6 litres of displacement, and a viscous coupling for the center differential in the AWD drivetrain. The turbo was only produced in 1996 and 1997 model years. The main difference was that the ECU in the 1996 model year could not be flashed for an upgrade, while the 1997 could. Additionally, the 1996 year had Porsche crested centre caps on the wheels, while the 1997 had turbo inscribed. Another difference is the motion sensor and map lights above the interior rear view mirror on the 1997 while the 1996 had no such devices.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1997, Porsche introduced a limited run of 183 units of the Sport version of the 993 turbo dubbed the turbo S. With over the regular Turbo's , features include a scoop on the side right behind the doors for engine cooling and vents on the whale tail rear spoiler. Aside from an upgraded ECU mapping, a centre oil cooler behind the centre air intake at the front bumper was added.


title: Porsche 911

text: The Type 996 introduced in 1998 represented two major changes for the venerable 911 lineage: a water-cooled flat-6 engine replaced the popular air-cooled engine used in the 911 for 34 years and the body shell received its first major re-design. Changing to a water-cooled engine was controversial with Porsche traditionalists, who noted this as the end of the 'true' 911.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 996 styling shared its front end with Porsche's mid engine entry-level Boxster. Pinky Lai's work on the exterior won international design awards between 1997 and 2003.


title: Porsche 911

text: The Carrera variant had a 0.30 coefficient of drag. The interior was criticized for its plainness and its lack of relationship to prior 911 interiors, although this came largely from owners of older 911s.


title: Porsche 911

text: The Type 996 spawned over a dozen variations, including an all-wheel-drive Carrera 4 and Carrera 4S (the latter which had a 'Turbo look' in facelift form) models, the club racing-oriented GT3 and GT3 RS instead of a Carrera RS variant and the forced-induction 996 Turbo and GT2. The Turbo, which was four-wheel-drive and had a twin-turbocharged engine, often made appearances in magazines' lists of the best cars on sale.


title: Porsche 911

text: The Carrera and Carrera 4 underwent revisions for the 2002 model year, receiving clear lens front and rear indicator lights which were first seen on the Turbo version two years earlier. This allowed the 911 to be more distinguishable from the Boxster. A mildly revised front fascia was also introduced, though the basic architecture remained.


title: Porsche 911

text: output was featuring a change to an "integrated dry sump" design and variable valve timing. The displacement was increased in 2002 to 3.6 L and power received an increase to .


title: Porsche 911

text: The folding roof mechanism on the convertible variants required 19 seconds for operation. An electronically adjustable rear spoiler was installed that raised at speeds over . It could also be raised manually by means of an electric switch.


title: Porsche 911

text: Starting from the models with water-cooled engines, all variants of the 911 Carrera do not come with rear limited-slip differential, except the 40th Anniversary 911, GT2, GT3 and Turbo. The exception would be for MY1999 where the limited-slip differential was available as option code 220.


title: Porsche 911

text: Porsche introduced a road-legal GT3 version of the 996 series which was derived from the company's racing car used in the GT3 class racing. Simply called GT3, the car featured lightweight materials including thinner windows and deletion of the rear seats. The GT3 was a lighter and more focused design with an emphasis on handling and performance, a concept that dates back to the 1973 Carrera RS. The suspension ride height was lowered and tuned for responsiveness over compliance and comfort. These revisions improved handling and steering. Of more significance was the engine used in the GT3. Instead of using a version of the water-cooled units found in other 996 models, the naturally aspirated engine was derived from the 911 GT1 '98 sports-prototype racing car and featured lightweight materials which enabled the engine to have higher rpm.


title: Porsche 911

text: The engine used was a naturally aspirated flat-six rather than the engine from the pre-facelift and revised Carrera. It is rated at at first and later improved to at the end of the 996 series' revision.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 2000, Porsche launched the turbocharged version of the Type 996 for the 2001 model year. Like the GT3, the Turbo's engine was derived from the engine used in the 911 GT1 and, like its predecessor, featured twin-turbos and now had a power output of . Also like its predecessor, the new Turbo was only available with all-wheel drive. In 2002, the X50 package was available that increased the engine output to with of torque across a wide section of the power band. With the X50 package, the car could accelerate from in 3.91 seconds. Later on toward the end of the 996 life cycle, the Turbo S nameplate also returned with the debut of the cabriolet variant as well. The Turbo S boasted even more power— and — than the standard Turbo courtesy of the X50 package being standard. The Turbo S was limited to 1,500 units worldwide. The Turbo can attain a top speed of .


title: Porsche 911

text: The styling was more individual than the previous generations of the Turbo. Along with the traditional wider rear wing, the 996 Turbo had different front lights and bumpers when compared to the Carrera and Carrera 4. The rear bumper had air vents reminiscent of those on the 959 and there were large vents on the front bumper.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 996 was replaced with the 997 in 2004, for the 2005 model year. It retains the 996's basic profile, with an even lower 0.28 drag coefficient, but draws on the 993 for detailing. In addition, the new headlights revert to the original bug-eye design from the teardrop scheme of the 996. Its interior is also similarly revised, with strong links to the earlier 911 interiors while at the same time looking fresh and modern. The 997 shares less than a third of its parts with the outgoing 996, but is still technically similar to it.


title: Porsche 911

text: Initially, two versions of the 997 were introduced— the rear-wheel-drive Carrera and Carrera S. While the base 997 Carrera had a power output of from its 3.6 L Flat 6, a more powerful 3.8 L Flat 6 powers the Carrera S. Besides a more powerful engine, the Carrera S also comes standard with "Lobster Fork" style wheels, more powerful and larger brakes (with red calipers), lowered suspension with PASM (Porsche Active Suspension Management: dynamically adjustable dampers), Xenon headlamps, and a sports steering wheel.


title: Porsche 911

text: In late 2005, Porsche introduced the all-wheel-drive versions to the 997 lineup. Carrera 4 models (both Carrera 4 and Carrera 4S) were announced as 2006 models. Both Carrera 4 models are wider than their rear-wheel-drive counterparts Kby to cover wider rear tyres. The acceleration time for the Carrera 4S with the engine equipped with a manual transmission was reported at 4.8 seconds. The 0– acceleration for the Carrera S with the was noted to be as fast as 4.2 seconds in a "Motor Trend" comparison, and "Road & Track" has timed it at 3.8 seconds. The 997 lineup includes both 2- and 4-wheel-drive variants, named Carrera and Carrera 4 respectively. The Targas (4 and 4S), released in November 2006, are 4-wheel-drive versions that divide the difference between the coupés and the cabriolets with their dual, sliding glass tops.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 997 received a larger air intake in the front bumper, new headlights, new rear taillights, new clean-sheet design direct fuel injection engines, and the introduction of a dual-clutch gearbox called PDK for the 2009 model year. They were also equipped with Bluetooth support.


title: Porsche 911

text: The change to the 7th generation (991) took place in the middle of the 2012 model year. A 2012 Porsche 911 can either be a 997 or a 991, depending on the month of the production.


title: Porsche 911

text: The Turbocharged version of the 997 series featured the same 3.6 L twin-turbocharged engine as the 996 Turbo, with modifications to have a power output of and of torque. It has VTG (variable turbine geometry), that combines the low-rev boost and quick responses of a small turbocharger with the high-rev power of a larger turbocharger. It also offers higher fuel efficiency compared to the 996 Turbo.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 997 Turbo features a new all-wheel-drive system, similar to the one found on the Cayenne. The new PTM (Porsche Traction Management) system incorporates a clutch-based system that varies the amount of torque to the wheels to avoid tyre slippage. According to Porsche, redirecting torque to control oversteer or understeer results in neutral handling as well as greatly improved performance in all weather conditions.


title: Porsche 911

text: For the face lifted 2010 model year 911 Turbo, known internally as the 997.2 (as opposed to the 997.1 2007-2009 model years), launched in August 2009, the PTM system was tweaked to give a more rearward power bias. The paddle shifters for the PDK double-clutch gearbox debuted on the Turbo. The turbo uses a different engine. The previous water-cooled turbo models (996 and 997) measured 3,600cc. This new engine measures and was first developed for the Carrera that was launched in 2008. The variable-vane twin turbochargers have also been reworked to increase responsiveness, and the intercooler and fuel system were uprated. The engine has a power output of which is 20 hp more than the outgoing model. The steering wheel also houses a display showing when Sport, Sport Plus and launch control have been selected through the optional Sport Chrono package. Porsche claimed that the new 911 turbo will accelerate from in 3.4 seconds, or 0–60 mph in 3.2 seconds and could attain a top-speed of .


title: Porsche 911

text: As with the 996 Turbo, the car featured distinctive styling cues over the Carrera models including front LED driving/parking/indicator lights mounted on a horizontal bar across the air intakes. The traditional rear wing is a variation of the 996 bi-plane unit.


title: Porsche 911

text: A new 911 Turbo S was set for production in 2010. It is a fully optioned Porsche 911 Turbo with a PDK gearbox and sports exhaust as standard. It also comes with re-engineered turbochargers to give an extra 30 horsepower increase to a total of .


title: Porsche 911

text: The 911 GT3 was added to the 997 lineage on 23 February 2006. Performance figures include a acceleration time of 4.1 seconds and a top speed of , almost as fast as the Turbo. Porsche's factory reports were proven to be conservative about the performance of the car; "Excellence" magazine tested the 997 GT3 and recorded a 0– of 3.9 seconds and a top speed of . It was at that time crowned "the best handling car in America" by "Motor Trend".


title: Porsche 911

text: The 911 GT3 RS was announced in early 2006 as a homologation version of the GT3 RSR racing car for competition events like Sebring and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.


title: Porsche 911

text: The drivetrain of the RS is based on the 911 GT3, except for the addition of a lightweight flywheel and closer gear ratios for further improved response under acceleration. Unlike the GT3, the RS is built on the body and chassis of the 911 Carrera 4 and Turbo, and accordingly has a wider rear track for better cornering characteristics on the track.


title: Porsche 911

text: Visually, the RS is distinguished by its distinctive colour scheme – bright orange or green with black accents, which traces its roots to the iconic Carrera RS of 1973. The plastic rear deck lid is topped by a wide carbon-fibre rear wing. The front airdam has been fitted with an aero splitter to improve front downforce and provide more cooling air through the radiator.


title: Porsche 911

text: The European version of the RS is fitted with lightweight plexiglass rear windows and a factory-installed roll cage.


title: Porsche 911

text: Production of the first generation 997 GT3 RS ended in 2009. An estimated 413 units were delivered to the US and the worldwide production run is estimated to be under 2,000 vehicles.


title: Porsche 911

text: In August 2009, Porsche announced the second generation of the 997 GT3 RS with an enlarged 3.8-litre engine having a power output of , a modified suspension, dynamic engine mounts, new titanium sport exhaust, and modified lightweight bodywork.


title: Porsche 911

text: In April 2011, Porsche announced the third generation of the 997 GT3 RS with an enlarged 4.0-litre engine having a power output of , Porsche designed the GT3 RS 4.0 using lightweight components such as bucket seats, carbon-fibre bonnet and front wings, and poly carbonate plastic rear windows for weight reduction, while using suspension components from the racing version. Other characteristics include low centre of gravity, a large rear wing and an aerodynamically optimised body. The lateral front air deflection vanes, a first on a production Porsche, increase downforce on the front axle. Aided by a steeply inclined rear wing, aerodynamic forces exert an additional 190 kg, enhancing the 911 GT3 RS 4.0's grip to the tarmac. The GT3 RS 4.0 weighs .


title: Porsche 911

text: The Type 996 911 GT2 was superseded by the Type 997 GT2 in 2007. The new car was announced on 16 July of that year but was launched during the 62nd Frankfurt Motor Show, held every other year in Frankfurt, Germany. It arrived in dealerships from November 2007.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 997 GT2 has a twin-turbocharged 3.6-litre flat-6 engine, which generates at 6,500 rpm, and of torque from 2,200 to 4,500 rpm. It has a 6-speed manual transmission and is rear wheel drive. With a curb weight of , the 997 GT2 accelerates from in 3.6 seconds, and from 0 to in 7.4 seconds, and has a top speed of . This makes it the first street-legal 911 to exceed barrier, with the exception of the 1998 911 GT1 road car (which is broadly considered not to be a true 911 due to its mid-mounted engine).


title: Porsche 911

text: "Motor Trend" tested a 2008 Porsche 911 GT2 and found the 0– acceleration time at 3.4 seconds, and 11.4 seconds at for the quarter mile. The GT2 also recorded a braking distance from of and recorded 1.10g lateral grip. The GT2 made an appearance on "Top Gear", where it had a lap time of 1:19.5, faster than a Carrera GT by .3 of a second.


title: Porsche 911

text: Its appearance differs slightly from its sister-car, the 911 (997) Turbo, in a few ways. It does not have fog lights in the front bumper, it has a revised front lip, it has a different rear wing (with two small air scoops on either side), and it has a different rear bumper (now featuring titanium exhaust pipes).


title: Porsche 911

text: The 997 GT2 is also different from the 997 Turbo in that it is rear-wheel-drive rather than all-wheel-drive.


title: Porsche 911

text: On 4 May 2010, an RS variant was announced to German dealers in Leipzig. The GT2 RS develops and of torque and weighs less than the standard GT2, allowing for a top speed of and the acceleration time of 3.4 seconds.


title: Porsche 911

text: Unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Auto Show, the Sport Classic is a limited (250 units- all sold in under 48 hours) version of 911 Carrera S coupé, inspired by the 1973 Carrera RS 2.7. The engine is rated at via newly developed resonance intake manifold with 6 vacuum-controlled switching flaps. It includes 6-speed manual transmission, double-dome roof, wider rear fenders, SportDesign front apron with a spoiler lip and a fixed 'duck tail' rear wing (similar to the one found on the 1973 Carrera RS 2.7), PCCB Porsche Ceramic Composite Brakes, lower PASM sports suspension, mechanical rear axle differential, 19-inch black Fuchs wheels, Porsche Exclusive woven leather seats and door panels, dashboard with Espresso Nature natural leather upholstery, and a specially developed Sport Classic Grey body colour.


title: Porsche 911

text: For the 2011 model year, Porsche introduced the first-ever GTS model for the 911. Designed as a driver's car, the GTS was more powerful than the S, better handling via a bespoke suspension design, and positioned as a more street-friendly alternative to the GT3, Porsche's track-focused 911 variant. The GTS featured race-inspired center lock wheels, unique styling including a Sport Design front bumper, special rear bumper, blackout trim, side skirts borrowed from the GT2 model, brushed stainless steel "Carrera GTS" door sills and Alcantara trim. Many GTS' were ordered with the Alcantara delete, instead being built with leather. The GTS was very rare in that it was a rear wheel drive Wide-Body design (44 mm wider than a standard 911), 20 mm lower and offered 408 HP (versus 385 HP for the S) like the similar, limited volume Sport Classic and the Speedster. Porsche built approximately 2,265 total GTS models for the world market, as well as a handful designated as 2012 models. The enthusiastic reception the GTS model received from both the motoring press and consumers, convinced Porsche to make the GTS a staple of the 911 line beginning in 2015, with the "type 991" 911 successor.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 2011, Porsche added a new 911 Speedster in a limited series of only 356 units to the 997 lineage, the number of cars produced recalling the iconic car of the 1950s. It was the third 911 Speedster produced, the other two being from the 930 and 964 generations. The Speedster was powered by the same engine of the Carrera GTS which is rated at . It accelerated from 0 to in 4.2 seconds and attained a top speed of around . Only two colours were offered, Pure Blue (which was developed specifically for the Speedster) and Carrara White. (Paint To Sample versions were produced in very limited numbers and upon special request from "loyal customers".)


title: Porsche 911

text: The Speedster featured a windscreen 70mm shorter than the standard 997 cabriolet while maintaining the same rake angle.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 991 introduced in 2011 for the 2012 model year is an entirely new platform, only the third since the original 911. Porsche revealed basic information on the new Carrera and Carrera S models on 23 August 2011. The Carrera is powered by a 3.4-litre engine. The Carrera S features a 3.8-litre engine rated at . A Power Kit (option X51) is available for the Carrera S, increasing power output to . The new 991's overall length grows by and wheelbase grows by (now 96.5 in.) Overhangs are trimmed and the rear axle moves rearward at roughly towards the engine (made possible by new 3-shaft transmissions whose output flanges are moved closer to the engine). There is a wider front track ( wider for the Carrera S). The design team for the 991 was headed by Michael Mauer.


title: Porsche 911

text: At the front, the new 991 has wide-set headlights that are more three-dimensional. The front fender peaks are a bit more prominent, and wedgy directionals now appear to float above the intakes for the twin coolant radiators. The stretched rear 3/4 view has changed the most, with a slightly more voluminous form and thin taillights capped with the protruding lip of the bodywork. The biggest and main change in the interior is the center console, inspired by the Carrera GT and adopted by the Panamera.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 991 is the first 911 to use a predominantly aluminium construction. This means that even though the car is larger than the outgoing model, it is still up to lighter. The reduced weight and increased power means that both the Carrera and Carrera S are appreciably faster than the outgoing models. The acceleration time for the manual transmission cars are 4.6 seconds for the Carrera and 4.3 seconds for the Carrera S. When equipped with the PDK transmission, the two 991 models can accelerate from in 4.4 seconds and 4.1 seconds. With the optional sports chrono package, available for the cars with the PDK transmission, the 991 Carrera can accelerate from in as little as 4.2 seconds and the Carrera S can do the same in 3.9 seconds.


title: Porsche 911

text: Apart from the reworked PDK transmission, the new 991 is also equipped with an industry-first 7-speed manual transmission. On vehicles produced in late 2012 (2013 model year) Rev Matching is available on the 7-speed manual transmission when equipped with the Sport Chrono package. Rev-Matching is a new feature with the manual transmission that blips the throttle during downshifts (if in Sport Plus mode). Also, the 7th gear cannot be engaged unless the car is already in 5th or 6th gear.


title: Porsche 911

text: One of Porsche's primary objectives with the new model was to improve fuel economy as well as increase performance. In order to meet these objectives, Porsche introduced a number of new technologies in the 911. One of the most controversial of these is the introduction of electromechanical power steering instead of the previous hydraulic steering. This steering helps reduce fuel consumption, but some enthusiasts feel that the precise steering feedback for which the 911 is famous is reduced with the new system. The cars also feature an engine stop/start system that turns the engine off at red lights, as well as a coasting system that allows the engine to idle while maintaining speed on downhill gradients on highways. This allows for up to a 16% reduction in fuel consumption and emissions over the outgoing models.


title: Porsche 911

text: The new cars also have a number of technologies aimed at improving handling. The cars include a torque vectoring system (standard on the Carrera S and optional on the Carrera) which brakes the inner wheel of the car when going into turns. This helps the car to turn in quicker and with more precision. The cars also feature hydraulic engine mounts (which help reduce the inertia of the engine when going into turns) as part of the optional sports chrono package. Active suspension management is standard on the Carrera S and optional on the Carrera. This helps improve ride quality on straights while stiffening the suspension during aggressive driving. The new 991 is also equipped with a new feature called Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC). Porsche claims that this new feature alone has shaved 4 seconds off the standard car's lap time around the Nürburgring. PDCC helps the car corner flat and is said to improve high-speed directional stability and outright lateral body control, but according to several reviews, the car is more prone to understeer when equipped with this new technology.


title: Porsche 911

text: In January 2013, Porsche introduced the all-wheel-drive variants of the Carrera models. The '4' and '4S' models are distinguishable by wider tyres, marginally wider rear body-work and a red-reflector strip that sits in between the tail-lights. The 4 and 4S models are equipped with an all-new variable all-wheel-drive system that sends power to the front wheels only when needed, giving the driver a sense of being in a rear-wheel-drive 911.


title: Porsche 911

text: In May 2013, Porsche announced changes to the model year 2014 911 Turbo and Turbo S models, increasing their power to on the 'Turbo', and on the 'Turbo S', giving them a 0–97 km/h acceleration time of 3.2 and 2.9 seconds, respectively. A rear-wheel steering system has also been incorporated on the Turbo models that steers the rear wheels in the opposite direction at low speeds or the same direction at high speeds to improve handling. During low-speed maneuvers, this has the virtual effect of shortening the wheelbase, while at high speeds, it is virtually extending the wheelbase for higher driving stability and agility.


title: Porsche 911

text: In January 2014, Porsche introduced the new model year 2015 Targa 4 and Targa 4S models. These new models come equipped with an all-new roof technology with the original Targa design, now with an all-electric cabriolet roof along with the B-pillar and the glass 'dome' at the rear.


title: Porsche 911

text: In September 2015, Porsche introduced the second generation of 991 Carrera models at the Frankfurt Motor Show. Both Carrera and Carrera S models break with previous tradition by featuring a 3.0-litre turbocharged 6-cylinder boxer engine, marking the first time that a forced induction engine has been fitted to the base models within the 911 range.


title: Porsche 911

text: Porsche introduced the 991 GT3 at the Geneva Motor Show in 2013. The 991 GT3 features a new 3.8 litre direct fuel injection (DFI) flat-six engine developing at 8,250 rpm, a Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) double-clutch gearbox and rear-wheel steering. The engine is based on the unit fitted in the 991 Carrera S, but shares only a few common parts. All other components, particularly the crankshaft and valve train, were specially adapted or developed for the 991 GT3. The dual-clutch gearbox is another feature specially developed for the 991 GT3, based on sequential manual transmissions used in racing cars. The 911 GT3 is claimed to be able to accelerate from 0– in 3.2 seconds or less, and the quarter mile in 11.2 seconds at . The GT3 has a claimed top speed of .


title: Porsche 911

text: Porsche unveiled the facelifted 991.2 GT3 at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show. Extensive changes were made to the engine allowing a 9,000 rpm redline from the 4.0 litre flat-six engine. Porsche's focus was on reducing internal friction to improve throttle response. Compared to the 991.1, the rear spoiler is higher and located further back to be more effective. There is a new front spoiler and changes to the rear suspension. The 991.2 GT3 brought back the choice between a manual transmission or PDK dual-clutch transmission. A touring version was also introduced which comes standard with the comfort package and the manual transmission along with the deletion of the fixed rear wing and employing an electronically operated rear wing instead.


title: Porsche 911

text: Porsche launched the "Renn Sport" version of the 911 GT3 at the Geneva Motor Show in 2015. Compared to the 911 GT3, the front fenders are now equipped with louvers above the wheels and the rear fenders now include Turbo-like intakes, rather than an intake below the rear wing. The roof is made from magnesium. The interior includes full bucket seats (based on the carbon seats of the 918 Spyder), carbon-fibre inserts, lightweight door handles and the Club Sport Package as standard (a bolted-on roll cage behind the front seats, preparation for a battery master switch, and a six-point safety harness for the driver and fire extinguisher with mounting bracket). The 3.8-litre unit found in the previous 997 GT3 is replaced with a 4.0-litre unit that has a power output of and of torque. The transmission is PDK only. The car accelerates from 0– in 3.4 seconds (0.6 seconds quicker than the 997 GT3 RS 4.0) and 0– in 10.9 seconds. The 991 GT3 RS also comes with functions such as declutching by "paddle neutral" — comparable to pressing the clutch with a conventional manual gearbox – and a Pit Speed limiter button. As with the 911 GT3, a rear-axle steering and Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus with fully variable rear axle differential lock are available as standard.


title: Porsche 911

text: In February 2018, Porsche introduced a facelifted GT3 RS model to continue their updates for the 991 generation of the 911. Changes include a new engine similar to the GT3 and RSR models with a 9,000 rpm redline and a and increase over the outgoing model, NACA ducts for brake cooling, modified front fascia (similar to the 991.2 GT3), side skits and rear wing (similar to the GT2 RS) for increased downforce, ball joints on all suspension links, front helper springs, lightweight glass for the rear and rear-side windows and a newly developed tyre compound. A Weissach package was available that included additional carbon fibre body and interior parts as well as magnesium wheels and stiffer suspension settings is available as an option.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 2016, Porsche unveiled a limited production 911 R based on the GT3 RS. Production was limited to 991 units worldwide. It has an overall weight of , a high-revving 4.0 L six-cylinder naturally aspirated engine from the 991 GT3 RS, and a six-speed manual transmission, while air conditioning and audio systems are removable options to save weight. The car accelerates from in 3.7 seconds and has a top speed of .


title: Porsche 911

text: The high-performance GT2 version made a return to the 991 lineage but now as an RS variant only with no standard variant being produced, unlike the previous generations. It was initially unveiled at the 2017 E3 along with the announcement of the "Forza Motorsport 7" video game.


title: Porsche 911

text: The car was officially launched by Porsche at the 2017 Goodwood Festival of Speed along with the introduction of the 911 Turbo S Exclusive Series. The 991 GT2 RS is powered by a 3.8 L twin-turbocharged flat-6 engine that produces a maximum power of at 7,000 rpm and of torque, making it the most powerful 911 ever built. Unlike the previous GT2 versions, this car is fitted with a 7-speed PDK transmission to handle the excessive torque produced from the engine. Porsche claims that this car will accelerate from 0 to in 2.7 seconds, and has a top speed of .


title: Porsche 911

text: The car has a roof made of magnesium, front lid, front and rear spoilers and boot lid made of carbon, front and rear apron made of lightweight polyurethane, rear and side windows made of polycarbonate and features a titanium exhaust system. Porsche claims that the car will have a wet weight of .


title: Porsche 911

text: A Weissach package option is available, which reduces the weight by , through the use of additional carbon-fiber and titanium parts. These include the roof, the anti-roll bars and the coupling rods on both axles made out of carbon-fiber while the package also includes a set of light-weight magnesium wheels.


title: Porsche 911

text: At the 2018 Paris Motor Show held in October on the occasion of the 70th-anniversary celebration of the marque, Porsche unveiled the Speedster variant of the 991 generation for the 911, as a concept. Utilising the chassis of the GT3 and the body shell of the Carrera 4 Cabriolet, the Speedster includes the GT3's 4.0-litre naturally aspirated Flat-6 engine generating a maximum power output of and having a red-line of 9,000 rpm coupled with a 6-speed manual transmission and titanium exhaust system which are claimed to be lighter than the 7-speed manual transmission found on the standard 991 models. The car also features the signature "hump" shaped double-bubble roof cover along with a shorter windshield frame, side window glass and the analogue roof folding mechanism retaining the "Talbot" wing mirrors and the central fuel cap from the 911 Speedster concept unveiled earlier at the Goodwood Festival of Speed harking back to its use on the 356 Speedster. Other highlights include a leather interior with perforated seats, red tinted daytime running lights, carbon fibre fenders, engine cover and hood and stone guards. Production began in the first half of 2019 and be limited to 1,948 units in honour of the year in which the 356 "Number 1" gained its operating license. The final production version of the Speedster was unveiled at the 2019 New York Auto Show in April and dropped the "Talbot" wing mirrors in favour of standard 991 wing mirrors. The speedster was available for sale in May 2019.


title: Porsche 911

text: The 2019 version of the 911, under the internal name Type 992, made its debut at the 2018 Los Angeles Auto Show. During the actual debut, a presentation of the history of the 911 series was shown, along with a lineup of 911s from different generations.


title: Porsche 911

text: On 30 July 2019 Porsche started marketing the non 'S' model of the new 992. The exterior is almost identical to the 991 'S's models with the exception of having 19" wheels front and 20" wheels at the rear, compared to the 'S' Models 20" front and 21" rear. , Porsche offers the Carrera and Carrera S versions (offered with all-wheel-drive 4 and 4S versions along with the standard rear-wheel-drive version in coupe, targa, and convertible body styles), Carrera T (only offered in the coupe body style with rear-wheel-drive), Carrera GTS versions (offered in coupe, convertible, and targa body styles with the optional all-wheel-drive available), the GT3 and GT3 RS (only offered in the coupe body style and rear-wheel-drive), the Turbo and the flagship Turbo S (only offered in coupe and convertible body styles with only all-wheel-drive).


title: Porsche 911

text: The Porsche 911 GT1 is a race car that was developed in 1996 for the GT1 class in the 24 Hours of Le Mans. In order to qualify for GT racing, 25 road-going models were built to achieve type homologation. The engine in the GT1 is rated at ( for the road version) and accelerated from 0–97 km/h in 3.3 seconds. The top speed stood at . Both the road and race cars carried the same twin-turbocharged engine as used in the 962, and the race car was a match for the then-dominant McLaren F1 GTRs. A redeveloped version of the 911 GT1 race car was later built, winning outright at the 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans. The car is not considered to be a real 911, as it is derived from the 962 with the 993 and later the 996 911's front section. It was the most powerful and fastest road-going Porsche until the introduction of the Carrera GT in 2004 and later the 918 Spyder in 2013.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 1999, the 911 placed fifth in the Global Automotive Elections Foundation's Car of the Century competition, trailing mass market cars: Ford Model T, BMC Mini, Citroën DS, and Volkswagen Beetle.


title: Porsche 911

text: In 2004, "Sports Car International" named the 911 number three on the list of Top Sports Cars of the 1960s, the Carrera RS number seven on the list of Top Sports Cars of the 1970s, and the 911 Carrera number seven on the list of Top Sports Cars of the 1980s. In addition, the 911 was voted Number 2 on "Automobile Magazine" list of the "100 Coolest Cars". "Motor Trend" chose the Porsche 911 Carrera S as its Best Driver's Car for 2012. It also won "World Performance Car Of The Year" in 2014.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Naagin () is an Indian supernatural fiction television series about shape-shifting serpents produced by Ekta Kapoor under Balaji Telefilms.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: The first season aired from 1 November 2015 to 5 June 2016. It starred Mouni Roy, Arjun Bijlani, Adaa Khan and Sudha Chandran.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: The second season aired from 8 October 2016 to 25 June 2017. It starred Mouni Roy, Karanvir Bohra and Adaa Khan.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: The third season aired from 2 June 2018 to 26 May 2019. It starred Surbhi Jyoti, Pearl V Puri and Anita Hassanandani.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: The fourth season was introduced with a new title ": Bhagya Ka Zehreela Khel" (). It aired from 14 December 2019. Its telecast was halted from 22 March 2020 due to Covid-19 outbreak and restarted on 18 July 2020 and ended on 8 August 2020. It starred Nia Sharma and Vijayendra Kumeria.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: The fifth season aired from 9 August 2020 to 6 February 2021. It starred Surbhi Chandna, Sharad Malhotra and Mohit Sehgal.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: The sixth season premiered on 12 February 2022 and stars Tejasswi Prakash, Simba Nagpal, Mahek Chahal, Amandeep Sidhu, Pratik Sehajpal and Shrey Mittal in lead roles


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Naagins Shivanya and Shesha are maternal cousin sisters who vow to avenge the death of Shivanya's parents who were murdered by the Rahejas and their partners twenty years ago in a failed attempt to attain Naagmani. As a housekeeper, Shivanya enters Raheja's mansion by impressing their elder son Ritik, who is engaged to his friend Tanvi. To forever stay with Rahejas for revenge, Shivanya marries Ritik on his wedding day, after telling Tanvi to leave in the form of his mother Yamini, and says to all that Tanvi ran from the wedding.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Shivanya begins taking her revenge but also begins falling in love with Ritik, who also confesses his love for her. Later when living in Shivanya's form with Ritik after she lands in trouble, Shesha also feels a special attraction and falls for him. The sisters find a mysterious mark on Ritik's neck. To learn more Shesha visits her mother, a former Naagin, who tells her that Ritik is a Suryavanshi. Shivanya and Shesha learn of Ritik's biological father Sangram Singh, the King of the Suryavanshi clan.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: A shocking revelation comes through flashback that Yamini is in fact Sangram's step-sister and Ritik's step-aunt, who along with her husband Ankush murdered Ritik's mother, kidnapped him, and had held Sangram captive for years for Naagmani, and it also turns out that Yamini is the fifth unknown killer of Shivanya's parents. Back to the present after finding out Shivanya's truth, Yamini learns about Shesha's one-sided love for Ritik and turns her against Shivanya.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Yamini, with Shesha's help, frames Shivanya for Ankush's death, to provoke Ritik against her, who learns Shivanya is a naagin. But as he realizes Yamini's real intentions and about his real parents, he and Shivanya confess their love and consummate which makes her lose her powers and turn into a normal human. Ritik reunites with Sangram who sacrifices his life to give Shivanya her powers back for 12 hours for the battle of Naagmani. Shivanya kills Yamini, completing her revenge. Shesha joins hands with Naagmani's enemy Mahishmatis clan but Shivanya defeats her and the Mahishmatis lock her since they're trapped for 25 years. As Shivanya and Ritik protect the Naagmani, god blesses the couple and allows them to start a new life together. Shivanya becomes pregnant.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Shivanya delivers her daughter Shivangi in the third month of her pregnancy. Yamini is resurrected by Avantika and frees Shesha.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Shivangi grows up with her widowed mother Shivanya as a human being without any knowledge of her mother's past. She falls in love with Rocky, Yamini's foster grandson, who is loved by Shesha as well who lives with Rocky, disguised as a human orphan adopted by Yamini. Shesha breaks the wall in which the Mahishmatis was trapped for years. Yamini fixes Shivangi and Rocky's marriage to murder Shivanya. Yamini, Shesha, and Avantika murder Shivanya and everyone in her family which provokes Shivangi and she decides to avenge her mother. She learns about her parent's life, Yamini, Shesha, and Avantika's reality.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Shivangi turns into a naagin on her 25th birthday. She marries Rocky to take revenge. Shivangi acts as if she has lost her memory and doesn't know who killed her mother. Yamini and the gang spare Shivangi as only she can bring Naagmani for them. She also misinterprets Rocky as one of her mother's killers. On her quest, she befriends Rudra, a naag who was also wronged by Shivanya's killers. Later, Shivangi learns about Rocky being innocent. Rudra secretly falls in love with Shivangi. Shivangi kills four of the eight killers along with Rudra's help. Avantika learns about Rudra and kills him when he doesn't reveal his partner's identity. Distraught, Shivangi learns about Avantika's death secret and kills her. With Avantika's death, the Mahishmatis tribe also gets killed once and for all. Nidhi Chachi is revealed to be the 8th killer who kills Shivangi's only relative Gautami who was pregnant. Shivangi kills Nidhi, however, her identity is revealed to Shesha and Yamini. Shivangi turns Shesha into a statue where Rocky was called and he discovers the truth about Shivangi being a Naagin. Yamini tricks Shivangi into thinking that she killed her. Later, she secretly emotionally blackmails Rocky to take revenge on Shivangi for all the deaths that occurred. Rocky decides to punish Shivangi. He and Shivangi consummate their marriage making Shivangi lose her powers. Later, Rocky breaks all ties with her and calls the police to arrest her.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Shivangi learns she's still a naagin and escapes from jail during a mass shootout. She learns that her father Ritik was killed by Yamini and other aides and decides to take revenge on them. Rocky turns into a naag on his 27th birthday, as his late mother was the Naagrani of the Takshak clan, who was killed by her own husband. He accidentally frees Shesha who takes Takshika's place. Shivangi shows Rocky the footage of Shivanya's murder from Shesh Naag. They reunite and confess their love to each other. Together they kill Shesha and Yamini. Later, Rocky stabs Shivangi to death under orders from Ritik. She dies without knowing why they killed her but promises to come back.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Ichhadhaari Naag-Naagin couple Ruhi and Vikrant reunite after 100 years after getting their human forms and they are set to marry each other. However, Yuvraj and his friends molest Ruhi. Yuvraj shoots Vikrant leading to his death. Ruhi is distraught but she vows to return for revenge with a new identity as Vikrant made her keep a promise that her identity should stay disclosed from humans.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Vishakha, an Ichhadhaari Naagin pretending to be a rich investor named Vish Khanna arrives at the house of the murderers and attempts to kill Yuvraj, but he manages to survive. Mahir, the eldest son of the family, is compelled to marry Bela who is revealed to be Ruhi's new identity. Vishakha is revealed to Bela's friend. Bela is later crowned as the Naagrani of the Sheshnaag clan. Bela falls in love with Mahir much to Vishakha's dismay. Vikrant is revealed to be alive and was plotting his fake death with his mother Sumitra - Naagrani of Nidhog clan to attain Naagmani. Yuvraj is also a naag and Sumitra's son, who was also a part of the plan. When Bela learns about this, she is heartbroken and devastated. Vishakha joins Vikrant for Naagmani, but later she regrets it and joins Bela back. Vikrant leaves his mother's evil plans and joins hands with Bela. Vikrant accepts Vishakha's love, and they get married. On finding out the truth about Bela's identity, Mahir is shattered. He loses his memory and forgets Bela after Sumitra bites him. Later, Yuvraj comes back and is revealed to be a Naag from Nidhog clan. Sumitra plans to get Mahir married to Vishakha, but Bela takes Mahir away and makes him recollect his memories. Sumitra arrives there and pushes Bela, Vishakha, and Vikrant from a cliff.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Mahir becomes mentally unstable, and Bela returns to take revenge on Sumitra and gets remarried to Mahir. Bela uses Naagmani to bring back Mahir's memories and they consummate their relationship. Sumitra seeks help from Hukkum who tries to impregnate Bela to give birth to a demon child. Vishakha kills Yuvraj, takes Bela's place, and gives birth to Taamsi, who grows up in a matter of seconds and kills Hukkum. Bela reveals to Mahir that she is pregnant with their child. Taamsi kills Bela and Mahir and obtains "Naagmani" but it is cursed by Mahanaagrani Shivangi, who survived the attack on her and since then has disappeared. Later, Taamsi along with Sumitra and her gang visits a sage and he reveals that Bela and Mahir would be reborn.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Bela reincarnates as Shravani and Mahir reincarnates as Mihir, they unite with each other. Vikrant is killed by Taamsi and Sumitra. Learning about Shivangi's story, Shravani tricks Ritik and Rocky into the temple, and calls Shivangi who is now Mahanaagrani to remove the curse of Naagmani. Shivangi touches the Naagmani by mistake and removes its curse. Ritik and Rocky take the Naagmani from her and imprisons them. Yamini, who didn't die, returns to buy "Naagmani" but is killed by Shivangi once again and sent to hell. Taamsi and Sumitra were defeated by Shravani and Vishakha and they both run away. It is revealed how it was Shesha who survived the attack and killed Shivangi in the form of Rocky and Ritik as she is the Naagrani of the two-headed naagin clan, Ku-sarp clan. Shivangi defeats Shesha and feels remorseful for hating Ritik and Rocky. They both are rescued by Mihir. Free from their guilt, Ritik dies and unites with Shivanya, while Rocky and Shivangi start a new life together.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Shivangi declares Shravani as the Naagrani of the entire Naag Lok and the protector of the Naagmani. Shravani kills Sumitra, Taamsi, and Shesha. Naagmani is declared to be safe for the next 50 full moons and post that Shravani's responsibility of taking care of Naagmani will be over. Shravani marries Mihir and they consummate their marriage. Vishakha is also revealed to be a ku-sarp, who since the beginning was betraying Bela. She vows to get the Naagmani after 50 full moon nights.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Manyata, a naagin princess marries Keshav, a human, and her mother curses her that she will lose her power when Ashlesha Nakshatra comes in full force. She gives birth to a girl, Nayantara. Manyata loses her powers when 6 of the Parekh family members led by Vrushali attack Keshav and his family. When Vrushali asked Nanabhai, Keshav's father about the secret of Laal Tekdi Temple, He refused, and They killed him and his entire family including Keshav. Manyata escapes and waits for her daughter's 25th birthday to avenge her husband's murder. Due to the Ashlesha Nakshatra curse, she and her daughter must wait for 25 years to regain their powers. Manyata waits for her daughter Nayantara's 25th birthday.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Dev Parekh returns to India, meets his childhood friend Brinda and falls for her. Nayantara grows up and Manyata gets her powers one day before the arrival of Ashlesha Nakshatra and attacks Dev and his family. On her birthday, Nayantara waits to get her naagin powers, however, the powers go to Brinda instead, who is later revealed to have been switched at birth with Nayantara. Nayantara discovers that Brinda is a naagin and also Manyata's real daughter. Nayantara gets jealous and tries to kill Brinda. Meanwhile, the Parekh family misunderstands Nayantara as Manyata's daughter and they think Nayantara is a naagin. Vrushali and crew send their sons to kill Nayantara, in the meantime, they try to kill Manyata with the help of Brinda's adoptive father who is a priest. Manyata tries to kill the Parekh family when they come into Laal Tekri Temple to kill her, but Brinda comes in there and the Parekh family escapes. Manyata gets to know that Brinda is a naagin and her real daughter. Later, the Parekh family prepares for Nayantara and Dev's marriage, but Manyata comes there and takes Nayantara away and Brinda takes her place. Later, Dev finds out Brinda sitting in the mandap and finds out that Nayantara ran away.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: As 50 full moon nights are over, Vishakha returns for Naagmani and disguises as Nayantara to help her escape from the Parekh family's sons. Manyata and Brinda are reunited, at first, Brinda doesn't believe Manyata but after witnessing Nayantara's death, Brinda vows that she will avenge her father's, her father's family, and Nayantara's death. Brinda marries Dev. Vishakha saves Nayantara in order to capture the Naagmani as people who were born on Ashlesha Nakshatra can touch "Naagmani" but eventually fails as Dev, who was also born on Ashlesha Nakshatra, accidentally touches the "Naagmani" and it gets placed in his head. Vishakha traps Nayantara in a pillar. Parekh's family finds Manyata and kidnaps her and keeps her in a warehouse. Later, Vishakha meets Manyata and asks her for Laal Tekdi Temple's secret but refuses to do so. Vishakha enters Parekh's house and creates misunderstandings between Brinda and Dev and finds Naagmani which is embedded on Dev's forehead. Later she takes Dev's form and kills Manyata in front of Brinda, making Brinda think it was Dev who killed her mother. Brinda vows to avenge her parents by killing Dev and his entire family.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Vishakha kills Mundika takes her power and identity and gives Nayantara a new face. Nayantara changes her name to Shalaka. Dev and Shalaka marry. Brinda realizes that Dev did not kill Manyata. Shalaka finds out that Mundika is Vishakha's new identity. Shalaka manages to frame Vishakha as the murderer of Billi and she is imprisoned. Shalakha joins hands with Vrushali and her gang. Brinda and Dev confess their love. Dev asks Shalaka for divorce as he loves Brinda. Shalaka and Vrushali try to extract Naagmani from Dev, by hypnotizing him to detach him from Brinda. Dev kills Brinda's adoptive mother Swara under Shalaka's control, Brinda and her adoptive father plan to take revenge on the wedding day of Hardik. Unaware of what he did under Shalaka's control, Dev plans a surprise for Brinda in their room, but she reveals her identity to Dev as a naagin and attacks him, Dev tries to kill Brinda with a knife but he fails so he hits her on the head with a stick, making her unconscious.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Vishakha replaces the bride, murders the entire Parekh family under Brinda's disguise, and spares Dev to obtain the Naagmani. Dev is devastated after the death of his family members and asks Brinda to kill him. Brinda takes Dev to go to Rahasyamayee Temple with her to save him. Thereafter Vishakha and Shalaka enter the temple. Brinda finds out that Shalaka is Nayantara. Shesha and Naagrani Shravani arrive to help Brinda and Dev. Vishakha is killed by Naagrani Shravani and Brinda while Shalaka is killed by Shesha. Dev dies, leaving Brinda devastated. Naagrani Shravani summons Sarvashresth Aadi Naagin Naageshwari. The four perform a tandav to impress Lord Shiva to obtain Naagmani from Dev. Later, Naageshwari narrates her story which happened ten thousand years ago to Brinda in order to revive Dev.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: The story starts 10,000 years ago when eagles had the power to shape-shifting but naags, naagins didn't. When the eagles attacked the snakes to obtain Naagmani, Lord Shiva blessed the shape-shifting ability to snakes and named the first naagin to get this power, Naageshwari. She was in love with a naag named Hriday while the prince of eagles, Akesh falls in love with her despite the enmity between the clans. Akesh plots to attack the snakes and get Naagmani. He enters the Temple with his force and kills Hriday with his army. However, he is killed by Naageshwari after which she is cursed by Lord Shiva for failing to protect other serpents but also gets a boon to return after 10,000 years. She kills herself to return to unite with her lover after 10,000 years. Naageshwari's soul was trapped in the temple for years due to the curse.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Dev is brought back to life, and he reunites with Brinda. The two returns. Naageshwari's soul submits the Naagmani to the Mysterious Temple. According to the condition of Lord Shiva, Naageshwari has to take rebirth to complete her love story.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Naageshwari is reincarnated as Bani, an orphan, while Hriday has reincarnated as Jay, an orphan too. Akesh is reborn as Veeranshu. Veer messes up Bani's friend Noor's marriage after which he fights with Jay. At the same wedding, Veer gets smitten by Bani and plans to have her at any cost, while Bani starts hating him thinking he killed her best friend, Noor. Jay and Bani reach the Shiv temple and remember the previous births and they both realize Veer is in fact Akesh's rebirth however Veer doesn't know anything about his previous birth. Veer's twin brother Teer comes out and he throws Jay down the cliff. Bani witnesses Jay's death and to seek revenge she kills Teer thinking him to be Veer. When Veer learns of his brother's death, he forcefully marries Bani and promises to torture her. They both begin a love-hate relationship, where Bani tries to provoke Veer multiple times, but Veer never hurts her in return.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Jay is revealed to be alive and all the while faking his friendship with Bani to receive her powers. Jay never really loved Bani, not even in his last life. Jay joins hands with a shape-shifting peahen Mayuri and poses many problems for Bani and veer. Later, it was revealed to Bani that she is not Teer's killer. Veer recalls his past life and confesses his love to Bani, but she rejects him since he is her enemy. Veer's mother Chandrakala is exposed as Maarkat, who was supposed to be Naageshwari's biggest enemy in Sat Yug but instead Naageshwari had sacrificed her life. It is revealed that Jay is also her son. Maarkat loses to Bani after a fierce battle and Bani locks her in a prison. Bani falls in love with Veer, and they consummate their marriage. Bani decides to scrap her revenge from the cheels. Jay kills Chandrakala to obtain her powers. Towards the end, Bani and Veer's son is delivered who is an Aadi Shaat. Bani and Veer die tragically with an asteroid falling on them as they have gone against nature's law. Jay tries to kill their baby to obtain Aadi Naagin's powers but is killed instead. Bani and Veer's souls unite.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: The conspirators against India help a neighboring country to start biological warfare by releasing a poisonous liquid into the water bodies, causing a pandemic. Professor Jeet Patel seeks the help of Shesh Naagin to hunt down the conspirators.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Naagin Mahek pretends to be a security in charge while her younger sister Shesh Naagin Pratha as a worker enters the wedding of the Gujral family brothers Rishabh and Ritesh, attempts to kill their father Lalit Gujral, one of the conspirators, and kills the brides’ father Ankush Kataria, another conspirator. Ritesh falls in love with Pratha and breaks off the wedding with Rhea to marry Pratha. Rishabh suspects Pratha's intention and spikes Ritesh, replacing him to marry Pratha. Lalit Gujral was revealed to be alive and fakes memory loss. Shanglira, an artificial naagin created in Changistan laboratory and Shalaka's lookalike arrives in India to poison the water of Yamuna river, fights Pratha but gets killed by Shalaka, who was cursed for stealing the Naagmani and did a strict penance for 100 years and her curse can only be relieved by Shesh Naagin. Before dying, Shanglira successfully inserts her poison into the river. Pratha sucked the poison out of the river. Later, Shalaka asks Pratha about what happened that night when she became the Shesh Naagin.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Mahek reveals that she and Pratha lived in a palace behind Nilgiri hills since their birth. Many years ago, their mother Roopa tells them that their grandmother Naageshwari was a Shesh Naagin and announced that Mahek will become Shesh Naagin and when she turns 21 years old, she will get the Naagmani and gain her Shesh Naagin powers. On a full moon night, while their family was performing the ritual for Mahek to become Shesh Naagin, two men entered and disrupted the ritual and kills off Arjun, their younger brother, and Shivansh, their father. Pratha's mother forces Pratha to drink the sparkling milk in order to obtain the power to become Shesh Naagin when Mahek was held captive, Pratha becomes Shesh Naagin instead of Mahek. Their father, mother, and younger brother died in a fire caused by those two men. After this incident, Pratha swore that she will never enter the palace and they went inside the earth.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Back in the present, Pratha relieves Shalaka from the curse and gives her a boon that She will be accepted as a naagin. Later, Shivansh is revealed to be alive as he escaped from the fire and is one of the conspirators, he stole Naagmani but Pratha got it back and he got killed by Lord Ram's arrow. Yash reveals to Pratha that he is Shesh Naag, her destined husband. Pratha had killed six of the twenty conspirators; he knows who the rest are and will tell her after she married him. Rishabh breaks off his marriage with Pratha. Yash and Pratha are getting married when Pratha's tears set fire to the mandap, which makes Yash realize that she loved Rishabh. Yash sacrifices and accepts brahmacharya so Pratha can marry who she loves. Yash asks Angel to give Pratha Sheshnaag's book. Pratha reads the book and finds out that the seventh conspirator will try to kill Rishabh. Pratha returns to Gujral's house and finds out that Reem married Ritesh, Rishabh didn't marry Reem because he loves Pratha.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Rishabh and Pratha express their love for each other. While Pratha saves Rishabh after he is hit by a poisoned dart, Seema sends them on a honeymoon to Dehradun. In a shocking turn of events, Pratha catches Seema when she attacks Rishabh and confronts her. Seema is revealed to be the seventh conspirator who tries to kill Rishabh. It is revealed that Seema is not Rishabh's real mother. Seema's mother, Pataali who is from the Asur clan tried to take Amrit Kalash from Naageshwari. Seema and Chanda, Lalit's first wife and Rishabh's real mother were best friends and Seema secretly loved Lalit. Chanda sees Pataali killing Naageshwari and saw Roopa taking the Amrit Kalash and hiding it. Seema tells Chanda about her motive for sending her with Pataali and asks her about the Kalash. Chanda refuses to tell her, and Seema imprisoned her and took Rishabh from her.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Seema got Amrit Kalash from Pratha by poisoning Rishabh and blackmailing Pratha. Rishabh learned about Seema's truth. Seema then tried to poison the Yamuna River using Amrit Kalash but instead got the Yamuna River and the whole of India free from the pandemic and later learned that Mahek had replaced the bottle of poison with Amrit (elixir) earlier. Pratha saved Rishabh using her Shesh Naagin powers. Seema tried to reveal the truth to Pratha in front of Rishabh, but Pratha pushes her off the balcony, and Seema falls into a coma. Later, Mahek and Pratha meet Jeet and he tells them that a new story would begin after Seema's death. Pratha gives up Shesh Naagin's powers to become a human for her love. Mahek stabs Pratha in the back and reveals that she began to hate Pratha after she became Shesh Naagin instead of Mahek, kills Samaira, frames Pratha for Samaira's murder, and gets her arrested. In court, Pratha is proven guilty of murder.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Later in jail, Pratha gets to know that she is pregnant with Rishabh's baby. While in labor, she learns that Rishabh is going to marry Mahek. Pratha's baby is born dead. Pratha decides to end her life and was hanged. Mahek performs the ritual to become Shesh Naagin in the presence of Shesh Naag and Farishta, but she didn't become Shesh Naagin. Mahek questions Shesh Naag about not becoming Shesh Naagin and suspects Pratha to be alive, to which Shesh Naag replies that if Mahek didn't get Shesh Naagin's powers after one year, then that would mean Pratha is alive.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Mahek reaches Naag Mahal and meets with Urvashi who is her maternal aunt. Urvashi reveals that she was thrown out of Naaglok for trying to kill her sister Roopa to marry Shivansh and Naageshwari cursed her that if she becomes a Naagin, she will die within 24 hours. She has now joined hands with Mahek to destroy Pratha's life. Mahek attains the power of Shesh Naagin. Urvashi declares that now she and Mahek will destroy India not with the virus but with a new thing. Pratha was revealed to be alive and was rescued by fellow jail mates and Vijay, a police officer just before getting hanged. Pratha reaches Naag Mahal and sees Mahek, who became Shesh Naagin. Mahek reveals that She had given poison to Pratha with the help of a police officer so that her baby could die. Pratha swears to avenge her baby and wanted to get back her Shesh Naagin powers.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Urvashi and Mahek meet a man named Zack, who wanted to destroy India and hates it and They partner with him. Farishta informs Mahek that a Yeti is coming to fight Shesh Naagin. Yeti arrives and fights Mahek. Mahek loses her Shesh Naagin power by saying "I am not Shesh Naagin" 3 times. Pratha meets the Yeti, who is revealed to be Farishta, and made a plan to give Pratha's power back to her and swapped the Naagmani. Pratha gains her Shesh Naagin powers back. and swears on Lord Shiva that she will take revenge on those who had killed her baby. Later it is revealed that Rishabh has a twin brother 'Shakti'. Pratha enters the Gujral's house as Kiara Sharma, fiance of Rajesh Pratap Singh, who is Rishabh's business partner.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Later, Pratha kills the doctor who gave her the poison which killed her baby and she decides to kill the five betrayers. Rajesh Pratap Singh's younger sister Divya accepts Rehan's marriage proposal because she wants to help Pratha in her revenge. Later, on Rehan's engagement, Pratha kills Vihaan. Zack sends Yeti to kill Shesh Naagin. Rajesh provokes Pratha against Rishabh to kill him when he gets to know that Pratha wants to save Naag Mahal from getting destroyed. Pratha successfully prevents the Naag Mahal from getting down but gets into big thought that is real Rishabh who has saved Naag Mahal or who has ruined her life. Rajesh asks Pratha to do a fake married with him so that he can get his late wife's Mahal and she agrees.


title: Naagin (2015 TV series)

text: Reem releases Shakti to stop Rajesh and Pratha's wedding. Mahek tricks Shakti in disguise as Pratha, and Urvashi hit Shakti in his head, making him unconscious and they send him to the police. Pratha plans to kill Rishabh on the wedding day but can't do it because she still loves him. Rishabh incidentally causes a fire in his room, a body is found in the room and Rishabh is announced to be dead. Pratha learns that Rishabh never killed her baby and regrets her actions, so she vows to kill Mahek and Urvashi. Later it is revealed that Rishabh is alive. He escaped the fire. Pratha calls Takshika Naag to help her. Later Sheshnaag arranges his marriage and invites every naagin, Pratha and Mahek also reach there and marry him and become Shesh Naagrani. Pratha kills Ritesh and Rehan. When Pratha is about to kill Urvashi, Mahek reveals to her that her daughter is alive. Soon Mahek traps Pratha and leaves her to die but she escapes.