title: Josh Groban

text: On January 18, 2009, Groban performed as part of the Presidential Inauguration ceremonies, performing "My Country 'Tis of Thee" in duet with Heather Headley. On January 19, 2009, Groban performed with Herbie Hancock as part of Feeding America's Rally Against Hunger in Washington DC. At the 2010 BCS National Championship Game, he performed the "Star Spangled Banner" on January 7, 2010, with Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea at the historic Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California.


title: Josh Groban

text: Groban has appeared on "The Oprah Winfrey Show" six times, as well as on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", "Larry King Live", "The Rosie O'Donnell Show", "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!", "Comedy Bang! Bang!", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno", "20/20", "Today", Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Super Bowl XXXVIII, and "Jimmy Kimmel Live!". He has also been a guest co-host on "Live with Kelly" many times from 2011 to 2016, and was a finalist to permanently replace Regis Philbin. In a 2012 interview, Groban said:


title: Josh Groban

text: Groban plays Malcolm Wyatt, one of Reverend Harris' choirboys, on "Ally McBeal", episodes "The Wedding" and "Nine One One" (2001). He has made two guest appearances on the series "Glee" as himself.


title: Josh Groban

text: Groban appeared on BBC Two's hit British music quiz "Never Mind the Buzzcocks", and his first appearance was as a guest on Omid Djalili's team. On December 21, 2010, he returned to the show, this time as guest host/quiz master and ending the show duetting with Michael Ball in a version of "I Dreamed a Dream" from "Les Misérables".


title: Josh Groban

text: Groban appears in two episodes of "The Office" as Andy Bernard's brother ("Garden Party" and "The Boat").


title: Josh Groban

text: On May 24, 2011, Groban appeared as a mystery guest star on the season 12 finale of "Dancing with the Stars" to surprise Petra Němcová by singing "You Raise Me Up" to her dance. When she saw that it was he who was actually singing and not one of the usual performers, she momentarily was too stunned to continue dancing.


title: Josh Groban

text: In the comedy "Crazy, Stupid, Love", a film starring Steve Carell and Ryan Gosling, released on July 29, 2011, Groban played a character named Richard, a caddish and nerdy attorney.


title: Josh Groban

text: In 2012, he appeared in episode 5 of series 12 of the revived British comedy panel show "Room 101". In October the same year, his cover of "You Raise Me Up" was used in the Halloween-based teen comedy film, "Fun Size", in which Peng turns on the car stereo in Roosevelt's car and while he and Roosevelt are fighting over it, the knob breaks and the stereo blares the song at full volume, thus making Roosevelt, Wren, Peng and April uncool as they roll onto a night-cruising street. In February 2013, Groban appeared in ""s "Blood Actually" (season 9, episode 16), performing his new song "Happy In My Heartache", and guest anchored on "Canada AM".


title: Josh Groban

text: Also in 2013, he played one of the lead characters named Sam in the independent comedy film "Coffee Town", produced by CollegeHumor and co-starring with longtime friend and actor Glenn Howerton.


title: Josh Groban

text: Groban appeared on the cable television comedy series "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" in episode "The Gang Saves the Day", the 100th of the series, also co-starring Howerton. He shows up in the character Dee's fantasy sequence. On November 7, 2013, he made the first of several appearances in the CBS comedy "The Crazy Ones" alongside Robin Williams and Sarah Michelle Gellar.


title: Josh Groban

text: Groban appeared in the 2014 film "Muppets Most Wanted" as an unnamed prisoner in a maximum security prison in Siberia. Groban's character is first only heard, as he is in a large metal box with a small slot at around eye level. The actor is revealed in the musical number "Together Again" later at the end of the film.


title: Josh Groban

text: He appeared in cameo roles in the seventh season of "Parks and Recreation" (2015) and in "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend" (as himself); in the latter, he sang the original song "The End of the Movie".


title: Josh Groban

text: In September 2018 Netflix premiered an original murder-mystery, "The Good Cop", starring Groban. In the series, created by "Monk" creator-writer Andy Breckman, Groban portrays NYPD homicide detective Tony Caruso Jr., opposite Tony Danza, who plays his father, Tony Sr., a disgraced former detective. The first season of ten episodes launched on September 21, 2018.


title: Josh Groban

text: In early 2022, Groban made a guest appearance on the Jimmy Fallon hosted NBC game-show, "That's My Jam." Groban was partnered with fellow artist, Alessia Cara. The duo was defeated by the competing team made up of Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Chance the Rapper. Groban played the role of Beast in the 2022 musical television special "Beauty and the Beast Live!".


title: Josh Groban

text: Various music critics have described Groban's voice in different ways, with some referring to him as a tenor and others as a baritone. In performance, Groban's music goes as low as G (as in the songs "To Where You Are", "Higher Window", and "The World We Knew (Over and Over)") and extends up to at least B (as heard in "The Duel" from "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812"). This places his voice lower than the usual tenor range on the low end (although still within the vocal fry register of a tenor), and just short of tenor C, and therefore above the baritone range, on the high end.


title: Josh Groban

text: There is no authoritative system of voice classification in non-classical music. The problem lies in the fact that classical terms are used to describe not merely various vocal ranges, but specific vocal timbres each unique to those respective ranges, and produced by the classical training techniques with which most popular singers are not intimately familiar and which are not universally employed by the few that are. In a 2002 "New York Times" article, Groban described himself as a "tenor in training". He mentioned during his appearance on "Late Show with David Letterman" in December 2013 that he is a high lyric baritone. On Twitter, in March 2012, he had also mentioned that he is a baritone "with some high notes up my sleeve."


title: Josh Groban

text: Under the guidance of his mentor David Foster, Groban performed for many charity events that included VH1 Save the Music Foundation (2005), Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope (2005), Fifth Annual Adopt-A-Minefield concert (2005), 2nd Annual Grammy Jam (2005), Live 8 (2005), The Heart Foundation Gala (2005), and David Foster and Friends Charity Gala (2006). He also sang a solo on the recording of We Are The World 25 for Haiti (2010). Inspired by a visit with Nelson Mandela during a 2004 trip to South Africa, he established the Josh Groban Foundation to help children in need through education, healthcare and the arts. Mandela appointed Groban as an Official Ambassador for Mandela's Project 46664, a campaign to help raise Global awareness of HIV/AIDS in Africa. On April 25, 2007, Groban performed with the African Children's Choir on "American Idol"'s "Idol Gives Back" episode. Also on September 2, 2007, Groban donated $150,000 to Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools to fund music education.


title: Josh Groban

text: On February 28, 2008, he appeared in One Night Live at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Canada with Bryan Adams, Sarah McLachlan, Jann Arden and RyanDan in aid of the Sunnybrook Hospital Women and Babies Program. In honor of his 27th birthday, his fans set out to raise $27,000 in a project called "Raise 27". They ended up raising a total of $44,227 for the Josh Groban Foundation, to benefit the Noah's Ark children's orphanage called Siyawela in South Africa. Groban has since referred to this donation as "the best birthday present ever". Groban performed at The Angel Ball on October 21, 2010, to benefit the Gabrielles Angel Foundation for cancer research. In April 2013 and the previous year, Groban took part in Global Poverty Project's "Live Below the Line" campaign, which consists in living on $1.50 a day to raise awareness of extreme poverty around the world. He also wrote a song inspired by the campaign.


title: Josh Groban

text: On October 30, 2013, Groban met with Little Kids Rock students in Newark, New Jersey before his concert at the Prudential Center. His Find Your Light Foundation also made a donation to Little Kids Rock to support their mission of keeping music education in our public schools. An active arts education philanthropist and advocate, Groban is a member of Americans for the Arts Artists Committee.


title: Josh Groban

text: On January 17, 2021, three days before the Inauguration of Joe Biden Groban performed at an "indoguration" for Joe Biden's Major organized by the Delaware Humane Association more than 7,400 people attended via Zoom and the event also raised $200,000 in donations for the association.


title: Josh Groban

text: Some of Groban's musical influences have been Radiohead, Steve Perry, Paul Simon, Sting, Peter Gabriel, Freddie Mercury and Björk. He cites as vocal influences "anyone who told a story with their songs," including Mandy Patinkin, Klaus Nomi, George Hearn, and Luciano Pavarotti.


title: Josh Groban

text: Groban has sold more than 20 million albums in less than ten years. In 2002, Groban was listed as "100 Sexiest Newcomer" and in 2008, he became one of "People"s "100 Most Beautiful People".


title: Josh Groban

text: Groban dated actresses January Jones from 2003 to 2006 and Kat Dennings from 2014 to 2016. Groban has been dating actress and writer Schuyler Helford since 2017.


title: Torah

text: The Torah (; "Tōrā", "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the same as Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses. It is also known in the Jewish tradition as the Written Torah (, ). If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll ("Sefer Torah"). If in bound book form, it is called "Chumash", and is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries ().


title: Torah

text: At times, however, the word "Torah" can also be used as a synonym for the whole of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, in which sense it includes not only the first five, but all 24 books of the Hebrew Bible. Finally, Torah can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching, culture, and practice, whether derived from biblical texts or later rabbinic writings. The latter is often known as the Oral Torah. Representing the core of the Jewish spiritual and religious tradition, the Torah is a term and a set of teachings that are explicitly self-positioned as encompassing as many as 70 or potentially infinite faces and interpretations, making an unequivocal definition of Torah impossible.


title: Torah

text: Common to all these meanings, the Torah consists of the origin of Jewish peoplehood: their call into being by God, their trials and tribulations, and their covenant with their God, which involves following a way of life embodied in a set of moral and religious obligations and civil laws (halakha). The "Tawrat" (also Tawrah or Taurat; ) is the Arabic name for the Torah within its context as an Islamic holy book believed by Muslims to have been given by God to the prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel.


title: Torah

text: In rabbinic literature, the word "Torah" denotes both the five books ( "Torah that is written") and the Oral Torah (, "Torah that is spoken"). The Oral Torah consists of interpretations and amplifications which according to rabbinic tradition have been handed down from generation to generation and are now embodied in the Talmud and Midrash. Rabbinic tradition's understanding is that all of the teachings found in the Torah (both written and oral) were given by God through the prophet Moses, some at Mount Sinai and others at the Tabernacle, and all the teachings were written down by Moses, which resulted in the Torah that exists today. According to the Midrash, the Torah was created prior to the creation of the world, and was used as the blueprint for Creation. The majority of Biblical scholars believe that the written books were a product of the Babylonian captivity (), based on earlier written sources and oral traditions, and that it was completed with final revisions during the post-Exilic period ().


title: Torah

text: Traditionally, the words of the Torah are written on a scroll by a scribe (sofer) in Hebrew. A Torah portion is read publicly at least once every three days in the presence of a congregation. Reading the Torah publicly is one of the bases of Jewish communal life.


title: Torah

text: The word "Torah" in Hebrew is derived from the root ירה, which in the "hif'il" conjugation means 'to guide' or 'to teach'. The meaning of the word is therefore "teaching", "doctrine", or "instruction"; the commonly accepted "law" gives a wrong impression. The Alexandrian Jews who translated the Septuagint used the Greek word "nomos", meaning norm, standard, doctrine, and later "law". Greek and Latin Bibles then began the custom of calling the Pentateuch (five books of Moses) The Law. Other translational contexts in the English language include custom, theory, guidance, or system.


title: Torah

text: The term "Torah" is used in the general sense to include both Rabbinic Judaism's written law and Oral Law, serving to encompass the entire spectrum of authoritative Jewish religious teachings throughout history, including the Mishnah, the Talmud, the Midrash and more, and the inaccurate rendering of "Torah" as "Law" may be an obstacle to understanding the ideal that is summed up in the term "talmud torah" (תלמוד תורה, "study of Torah").


title: Torah

text: The earliest name for the first part of the Bible seems to have been "The Torah of Moses". This title, however, is found neither in the Torah itself, nor in the works of the pre-Exilic literary prophets. It appears in Joshua and Kings, but it cannot be said to refer there to the entire corpus (according to academic Bible criticism). In contrast, there is every likelihood that its use in the post-Exilic works was intended to be comprehensive. Other early titles were "The Book of Moses" and "The Book of the Torah," which seems to be a contraction of a fuller name, "The Book of the Torah of God."


title: Torah

text: Christian scholars usually refer to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible as the 'Pentateuch' (, ; , , 'five scrolls'), a term first used in the Hellenistic Judaism of Alexandria.


title: Torah

text: The Torah starts from the beginning of God's creating the world, through the beginnings of the people of Israel, their descent into Egypt, and the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. It ends with the death of Moses, just before the people of Israel cross to the promised land of Canaan. Interspersed in the narrative are the specific teachings (religious obligations and civil laws) given explicitly (i.e. Ten Commandments) or implicitly embedded in the narrative (as in Exodus 12 and 13 laws of the celebration of Passover).


title: Torah

text: In Hebrew, the five books of the Torah are identified by the incipits in each book; and the common English names for the books are derived from the Greek Septuagint and reflect the essential theme of each book:


title: Torah

text: The Book of Genesis is the first book of the Torah. It is divisible into two parts, the Primeval history (chapters 1–11) and the Ancestral history (chapters 12–50). The primeval history sets out the author's (or authors') concepts of the nature of the deity and of humankind's relationship with its maker: God creates a world which is good and fit for mankind, but when man corrupts it with sin God decides to destroy his creation, saving only the righteous Noah to reestablish the relationship between man and God. The Ancestral history (chapters 12–50) tells of the prehistory of Israel, God's chosen people. At God's command Noah's descendant Abraham journeys from his home into the God-given land of Canaan, where he dwells as a sojourner, as does his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. Jacob's name is changed to Israel, and through the agency of his son Joseph, the children of Israel descend into Egypt, 70 people in all with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of Moses and the Exodus. The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants with God, successively narrowing in scope from all mankind (the covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone (Abraham and his descendants through Isaac and Jacob).


title: Torah

text: The Book of Exodus is the second book of the Torah, immediately following Genesis. The book tells how the ancient Israelites leave slavery in Egypt through the strength of Yahweh, the God who has chosen Israel as his people. Yahweh inflicts horrific harm on their captors via the legendary Plagues of Egypt. With the prophet Moses as their leader, they journey through the wilderness to Mount Sinai, where Yahweh promises them the land of Canaan (the "Promised Land") in return for their faithfulness. Israel enters into a covenant with Yahweh who gives them their laws and instructions to build the Tabernacle, the means by which he will come from heaven and dwell with them and lead them in a holy war to possess the land, and then give them peace.


title: Torah

text: Traditionally ascribed to Moses himself, modern scholarship sees the book as initially a product of the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), from earlier written and oral traditions, with final revisions in the Persian post-exilic period (5th century BCE). Carol Meyers, in her commentary on Exodus suggests that it is arguably the most important book in the Bible, as it presents the defining features of Israel's identity: memories of a past marked by hardship and escape, a binding covenant with God, who chooses Israel, and the establishment of the life of the community and the guidelines for sustaining it.


title: Torah

text: The Book of Leviticus begins with instructions to the Israelites on how to use the Tabernacle, which they had just built (Leviticus 1–10). This is followed by rules of clean and unclean (Leviticus 11–15), which includes the laws of slaughter and animals permissible to eat (see also: Kashrut), the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16), and various moral and ritual laws sometimes called the Holiness Code (Leviticus 17–26). Leviticus 26 provides a detailed list of rewards for following God's commandments and a detailed list of punishments for not following them. Leviticus 17 establishes sacrifices at the Tabernacle as an everlasting ordinance, but this ordinance is altered in later books with the Temple being the only place in which sacrifices are allowed.


title: Torah

text: The Book of Numbers is the fourth book of the Torah. The book has a long and complex history, but its final form is probably due to a Priestly redaction (i.e., editing) of a Yahwistic source made some time in the early Persian period (5th century BCE). The name of the book comes from the two censuses taken of the Israelites.


title: Torah

text: Numbers begins at Mount Sinai, where the Israelites have received their laws and covenant from God and God has taken up residence among them in the sanctuary. The task before them is to take possession of the Promised Land. The people are counted and preparations are made for resuming their march. The Israelites begin the journey, but they "murmur" at the hardships along the way, and about the authority of Moses and Aaron. For these acts, God destroys approximately 15,000 of them through various means. They arrive at the borders of Canaan and send spies into the land. Upon hearing the spies' fearful report concerning the conditions in Canaan, the Israelites refuse to take possession of it. God condemns them to death in the wilderness until a new generation can grow up and carry out the task. The book ends with the new generation of Israelites in the "plains of Moab" ready for the crossing of the Jordan River.


title: Torah

text: Numbers is the culmination of the story of Israel's exodus from oppression in Egypt and their journey to take possession of the land God promised their fathers. As such it draws to a conclusion the themes introduced in Genesis and played out in Exodus and Leviticus: God has promised the Israelites that they shall become a great (i.e. numerous) nation, that they will have a special relationship with Yahweh their god, and that they shall take possession of the land of Canaan. Numbers also demonstrates the importance of holiness, faithfulness and trust: despite God's presence and his priests, Israel lacks faith and the possession of the land is left to a new generation.


title: Torah

text: The Book of Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Torah. Chapters 1–30 of the book consist of three sermons or speeches delivered to the Israelites by Moses on the plains of Moab, shortly before they enter the Promised Land. The first sermon recounts the forty years of wilderness wanderings which had led to that moment, and ends with an exhortation to observe the law (or teachings), later referred to as the Law of Moses; the second reminds the Israelites of the need to follow Yahweh and the laws (or teachings) he has given them, on which their possession of the land depends; and the third offers the comfort that even should Israel prove unfaithful and so lose the land, with repentance all can be restored. The final four chapters (31–34) contain the Song of Moses, the Blessing of Moses, and narratives recounting the passing of the mantle of leadership from Moses to Joshua and, finally, the death of Moses on Mount Nebo.


title: Torah

text: Presented as the words of Moses delivered before the conquest of Canaan, a broad consensus of modern scholars see its origin in traditions from Israel (the northern kingdom) brought south to the Kingdom of Judah in the wake of the Assyrian conquest of Aram (8th century BCE) and then adapted to a program of nationalist reform in the time of Josiah (late 7th century BCE), with the final form of the modern book emerging in the milieu of the return from the Babylonian captivity during the late 6th century BCE. Many scholars see the book as reflecting the economic needs and social status of the Levite caste, who are believed to have provided its authors; those likely authors are collectively referred to as the Deuteronomist.


title: Torah

text: One of its most significant verses is Deuteronomy 6:4, the Shema Yisrael, which has become the definitive statement of Jewish identity: "Hear, O Israel: the our God, the is one." Verses 6:4–5 were also quoted by Jesus in Mark 12:28–34 as part of the Great Commandment.


title: Torah

text: The Talmud holds that the Torah was written by Moses, with the exception of the last eight verses of Deuteronomy, describing his death and burial, being written by Joshua. Alternatively, Rashi quotes from the Talmud that, "God spoke them, and Moses wrote them with tears". The Mishnah includes the divine origin of the Torah as an essential tenet of Judaism. According to Jewish tradition, the Torah was recompiled by Ezra during Second Temple period.


title: Torah

text: By contrast, the modern scholarly consensus rejects Mosaic authorship, and affirms that the Torah has multiple authors and that its composition took place over centuries. The precise process by which the Torah was composed, the number of authors involved, and the date of each author are hotly contested. Throughout most of the 20th century, there was a scholarly consensus surrounding the documentary hypothesis, which posits four independent sources, which were later compiled together by a redactor: J, the Jahwist source, E, the Elohist source, P, the Priestly source, and D, the Deuteronomist source. The earliest of these sources, J, would have been composed in the late 7th or the 6th century BCE, with the latest source, P, being composed around the 5th century BCE.


title: Torah

text: The consensus around the documentary hypothesis collapsed in the last decades of the 20th century. The groundwork was laid with the investigation of the origins of the written sources in oral compositions, implying that the creators of J and E were collectors and editors and not authors and historians. Rolf Rendtorff, building on this insight, argued that the basis of the Pentateuch lay in short, independent narratives, gradually formed into larger units and brought together in two editorial phases, the first Deuteronomic, the second Priestly. By contrast, John Van Seters advocates a supplementary hypothesis, which posits that the Torah was derived from a series of direct additions to an existing corpus of work. A "neo-documentarian" hypothesis, which responds to the criticism of the original hypothesis and updates the methodology used to determine which text comes from which sources, has been advocated by biblical historian Joel S. Baden, among others. Such a hypothesis continues to have adherents in Israel and North America.


title: Torah

text: The majority of scholars today continue to recognize Deuteronomy as a source, with its origin in the law-code produced at the court of Josiah as described by De Wette, subsequently given a frame during the exile (the speeches and descriptions at the front and back of the code) to identify it as the words of Moses. Most scholars also agree that some form of Priestly source existed, although its extent, especially its end-point, is uncertain. The remainder is called collectively non-Priestly, a grouping which includes both pre-Priestly and post-Priestly material.


title: Torah

text: The final Torah is widely seen as a product of the Persian period (539–333 BCE, probably 450–350 BCE). This consensus echoes a traditional Jewish view which gives Ezra, the leader of the Jewish community on its return from Babylon, a pivotal role in its promulgation. Many theories have been advanced to explain the composition of the Torah, but two have been especially influential. The first of these, Persian Imperial authorisation, advanced by Peter Frei in 1985, holds that the Persian authorities required the Jews of Jerusalem to present a single body of law as the price of local autonomy. Frei's theory was, according to Eskenazi, "systematically dismantled" at an interdisciplinary symposium held in 2000, but the relationship between the Persian authorities and Jerusalem remains a crucial question. The second theory, associated with Joel P. Weinberg and called the "Citizen-Temple Community", proposes that the Exodus story was composed to serve the needs of a post-exilic Jewish community organised around the Temple, which acted in effect as a bank for those who belonged to it.


title: Torah

text: A minority of scholars would place the final formation of the Pentateuch somewhat later, in the Hellenistic (333–164 BCE) or even Hasmonean (140–37 BCE) periods. Russell Gmirkin, for instance, argues for a Hellenistic dating on the basis that the Elephantine papyri, the records of a Jewish colony in Egypt dating from the last quarter of the 5th century BCE, make no reference to a written Torah, the Exodus, or to any other biblical event, though it does mention the festival of Passover.


title: Torah

text: Rabbinic writings state that the Oral Torah was given to Moses at Mount Sinai, which, according to the tradition of Orthodox Judaism, occurred in 1312 BCE. The Orthodox rabbinic tradition holds that the Written Torah was recorded during the following forty years, though many non-Orthodox Jewish scholars affirm the modern scholarly consensus that the Written Torah has multiple authors and was written over centuries.


title: Torah

text: The Talmud presents two opinions as to how exactly the Torah was written down by Moses. One opinion holds that it was written by Moses gradually as it was dictated to him, and finished it close to his death, and the other opinion holds that Moses wrote the complete Torah in one writing close to his death, based on what was dictated to him over the years.


title: Torah

text: The Talmud says that the last eight verses of the Torah that discuss the death and burial of Moses could not have been written by Moses, as writing it would have been a lie, and that they were written after his death by Joshua. Abraham ibn Ezra and Joseph Bonfils observed that phrases in those verses present information that people should only have known after the time of Moses. Ibn Ezra hinted, and Bonfils explicitly stated, that Joshua wrote these verses many years after the death of Moses. Other commentators do not accept this position and maintain that although Moses did not write those eight verses it was nonetheless dictated to him and that Joshua wrote it based on instructions left by Moses, and that the Torah often describes future events, some of which have yet to occur.


title: Torah

text: All classical rabbinic views hold that the Torah was entirely Mosaic and of divine origin. Present-day Reform and Liberal Jewish movements all reject Mosaic authorship, as do most shades of Conservative Judaism.


title: Torah

text: According to "Legends of the Jews", God gave Torah to the children of Israel after he approached every tribe and nation in the world, and offered them the Torah, but the latter refused it so they might have no excuse to be ignorant about it. In this book, Torah is defined as one of the first things created, as a remedy against the evil inclination, and as the counselor who advised God to create human in the creation of the world in order to make him the honored One.


title: Torah

text: Torah reading () is a Jewish religious ritual that involves the public reading of a set of passages from a Torah scroll. The term often refers to the entire ceremony of removing the Torah scroll (or scrolls) from the ark, chanting the appropriate excerpt with traditional cantillation, and returning the scroll(s) to the ark. It is distinct from academic Torah study.


title: Torah

text: Regular public reading of the Torah was introduced by Ezra the Scribe after the return of the Jewish people from the Babylonian captivity (c. 537 BCE), as described in the Book of Nehemiah. In the modern era, adherents of Orthodox Judaism practice Torah-reading according to a set procedure they believe has remained unchanged in the two thousand years since the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem (70 CE). In the 19th and 20th centuries CE, new movements such as Reform Judaism and Conservative Judaism have made adaptations to the practice of Torah reading, but the basic pattern of Torah reading has usually remained the same:


title: Torah

text: As a part of the morning prayer services on certain days of the week, fast days, and holidays, as well as part of the afternoon prayer services of Shabbat, Yom Kippur, a section of the Pentateuch is read from a Torah scroll. On Shabbat (Saturday) mornings, a weekly section (""parashah"") is read, selected so that the entire Pentateuch is read consecutively each year. The division of "parashot" found in the modern-day Torah scrolls of all Jewish communities (Ashkenazic, Sephardic, and Yemenite) is based upon the systematic list provided by Maimonides in Mishneh Torah, "Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls", chapter 8. Maimonides based his division of the "parashot" for the Torah on the Aleppo Codex. Conservative and Reform synagogues may read "parashot" on a triennial rather than annual schedule, On Saturday afternoons, Mondays, and Thursdays, the beginning of the following Saturday's portion is read. On Jewish holidays, the beginnings of each month, and fast days, special sections connected to the day are read.


title: Torah

text: Jews observe an annual holiday, Simchat Torah, to celebrate the completion and new start of the year's cycle of readings.


title: Torah

text: Torah scrolls are often dressed with a sash, a special Torah cover, various ornaments, and a Keter (crown), although such customs vary among synagogues. Congregants traditionally stand in respect when the Torah is brought out of the ark to be read, while it is being carried, and lifted, and likewise while it is returned to the ark, although they may sit during the reading itself.


title: Torah

text: The Torah contains narratives, statements of law, and statements of ethics. Collectively these laws, usually called biblical law or commandments, are sometimes referred to as the Law of Moses ("Torat Moshɛ" ), Mosaic Law, or Sinaitic Law.


title: Torah

text: Rabbinic tradition holds that Moses learned the whole Torah while he lived on Mount Sinai for 40 days and nights and both the Oral and the written Torah were transmitted in parallel with each other. Where the Torah leaves words and concepts undefined, and mentions procedures without explanation or instructions, the reader is required to seek out the missing details from supplemental sources known as the Oral Law or Oral Torah. Some of the Torah's most prominent commandments needing further explanation are:


title: Torah

text: According to classical rabbinic texts this parallel set of material was originally transmitted to Moses at Sinai, and then from Moses to Israel. At that time it was forbidden to write and publish the oral law, as any writing would be incomplete and subject to misinterpretation and abuse.


title: Torah

text: However, after exile, dispersion, and persecution, this tradition was lifted when it became apparent that in writing was the only way to ensure that the Oral Law could be preserved. After many years of effort by a great number of tannaim, the oral tradition was written down around 200 CE by Rabbi Judah haNasi, who took up the compilation of a nominally written version of the Oral Law, the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה). Other oral traditions from the same time period not entered into the Mishnah were recorded as "Baraitot" (external teaching), and the Tosefta. Other traditions were written down as Midrashim.


title: Torah

text: After continued persecution more of the Oral Law was committed to writing. A great many more lessons, lectures and traditions only alluded to in the few hundred pages of Mishnah, became the thousands of pages now called the "Gemara". Gemara is written in Aramaic, having been compiled in Babylon. The Mishnah and Gemara together are called the Talmud. The rabbis in the Land of Israel also collected their traditions and compiled them into the Jerusalem Talmud. Since the greater number of rabbis lived in Babylon, the Babylonian Talmud has precedence should the two be in conflict.


title: Torah

text: Orthodox and Conservative branches of Judaism accept these texts as the basis for all subsequent "halakha" and codes of Jewish law, which are held to be normative. Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism deny that these texts, or the Torah itself for that matter, may be used for determining normative law (laws accepted as binding) but accept them as the authentic and only Jewish version for understanding the Torah and its development throughout history. Humanistic Judaism holds that the Torah is a historical, political, and sociological text, but does not believe that every word of the Torah is true, or even morally correct. Humanistic Judaism is willing to question the Torah and to disagree with it, believing that the entire Jewish experience, not just the Torah, should be the source for Jewish behavior and ethics.


title: Torah

text: Kabbalists hold that not only do the words of Torah give a divine message, but they also indicate a far greater message that extends beyond them. Thus they hold that even as small a mark as a "kotso shel yod" (קוצו של יוד), the serif of the Hebrew letter "yod" (י), the smallest letter, or decorative markings, or repeated words, were put there by God to teach scores of lessons. This is regardless of whether that yod appears in the phrase "I am the LORD thy God" (, Exodus 20:2) or whether it appears in "And God spoke unto Moses saying" ( Exodus 6:2). In a similar vein, Rabbi Akiva (c. 50 – c. 135 CE), is said to have learned a new law from every "et" (את) in the Torah (Talmud, tractate Pesachim 22b); the particle "et" is meaningless by itself, and serves only to mark the direct object. In other words, the Orthodox belief is that even apparently contextual text such as "And God spoke unto Moses saying ..." is no less holy and sacred than the actual statement.


title: Torah

text: Manuscript Torah scrolls are still scribed and used for ritual purposes (i.e., religious services); this is called a "Sefer Torah" ("Book [of] Torah"). They are written using a painstakingly careful method by highly qualified scribes. It is believed that every word, or marking, has divine meaning and that not one part may be inadvertently changed lest it lead to error. The fidelity of the Hebrew text of the Tanakh, and the Torah in particular, is considered paramount, down to the last letter: translations or transcriptions are frowned upon for formal service use, and transcribing is done with painstaking care. An error of a single letter, ornamentation, or symbol of the 304,805 stylized letters that make up the Hebrew Torah text renders a Torah scroll unfit for use, hence a special skill is required and a scroll takes considerable time to write and check.


title: Torah

text: According to Jewish law, a "sefer Torah" (plural: "Sifrei Torah") is a copy of the formal Hebrew text handwritten on "gevil" or "klaf" (forms of parchment) by using a quill (or other permitted writing utensil) dipped in ink. Written entirely in Hebrew, a "sefer Torah" contains 304,805 letters, all of which must be duplicated precisely by a trained "sofer" ("scribe"), an effort that may take as long as approximately one and a half years. Most modern Sifrei Torah are written with forty-two lines of text per column (Yemenite Jews use fifty), and very strict rules about the position and appearance of the Hebrew letters are observed. See for example the Mishnah Berurah on the subject. Any of several Hebrew scripts may be used, most of which are fairly ornate and exacting.


title: Torah

text: The completion of the Sefer Torah is a cause for great celebration, and it is a mitzvah for every Jew to either write or have written for him a Sefer Torah. Torah scrolls are stored in the holiest part of the synagogue in the Ark known as the "Holy Ark" ( "aron hakodesh" in Hebrew.) "Aron" in Hebrew means "cupboard" or "closet", and "kodesh" is derived from "kadosh", or "holy".


title: Torah

text: The Book of Ezra refers to translations and commentaries of the Hebrew text into Aramaic, the more commonly understood language of the time. These translations would seem to date to the 6th century BCE. The Aramaic term for "translation" is "Targum". The "Encyclopaedia Judaica" has: At an early period, it was customary to translate the Hebrew text into the vernacular at the time of the reading (e.g., in Palestine and Babylon the translation was into Aramaic). The targum ("translation") was done by a special synagogue official, called the meturgeman ... Eventually, the practice of translating into the vernacular was discontinued.


title: Torah

text: One of the earliest known translations of the first five books of Moses from the Hebrew into Greek was the Septuagint. This is a Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible that was used by Greek speakers. This Greek version of the Hebrew Scriptures dates from the 3rd century BCE, originally associated with Hellenistic Judaism. It contains both a translation of the Hebrew and additional and variant material.


title: Torah

text: Later translations into Greek include seven or more other versions. These do not survive, except as fragments, and include those by Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion.


title: Torah

text: Early translations into Latin—the Vetus Latina—were ad hoc conversions of parts of the Septuagint. With Saint Jerome in the 4th century CE came the Vulgate Latin translation of the Hebrew Bible.


title: Torah

text: From the eighth century CE, the cultural language of Jews living under Islamic rule became Arabic rather than Aramaic. "Around that time, both scholars and lay people started producing translations of the Bible into Judeo-Arabic using the Hebrew alphabet." Later, by the 10th century, it became essential for a standard version of the Bible in Judeo-Arabic. The best known was produced by Saadiah (the Saadia Gaon, aka the Rasag), and continues to be in use today, "in particular among Yemenite Jewry".


title: Torah

text: Rav Sa'adia produced an Arabic translation of the Torah known as "Targum Tafsir" and offered comments on Rasag's work. There is a debate in scholarship whether Rasag wrote the first Arabic translation of the Torah.


title: Torah

text: The Torah has been translated by Jewish scholars into most of the major European languages, including English, German, Russian, French, Spanish and others. The most well-known German-language translation was produced by Samson Raphael Hirsch. A number of Jewish English Bible translations have been published, for example by Artscroll publications.


title: Torah

text: As a part of the Christian biblical canons, the Torah has been translated into hundreds of languages.


title: Torah

text: Although different Christian denominations have slightly different versions of the Old Testament in their Bibles, the Torah as the "Five Books of Moses" (or "the Mosaic Law") is common among them all.


title: Torah

text: Islam states that the Torah was sent by God. The "Tawrat" () is the Arabic name for the Torah within its context as an Islamic holy book believed by Muslims to be given by God to Prophets among the Children of Israel, and often refers to the entire Hebrew Bible. According to the Quran, God says, "It is He Who has sent down the Book (the Quran) to you with truth, confirming what came before it. And He sent down the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)." () However, some self-professed Muslims believe that this original revelation was corrupted ("tahrif") (or simply altered by the passage of time and human fallibility) over time by Jewish scribes. The Torah in the Quran is always mentioned with respect in Islam. The Muslims' belief in the Torah, as well as the prophethood of Moses, is one of the fundamental tenets of Islam.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Mighty Power Rangers (MMPR) is a superhero television series that premiered on August 28, 1993, on the Fox Kids programming block. It is the first entry of the "Power Rangers" franchise, and became a 1990s pop culture phenomenon along with a large line of toys, action figures, and other merchandise. The show adapted stock footage from the Japanese TV series "Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger" (1992–1993), which was the 16th installment of Toei's "Super Sentai" franchise. The second and third seasons of the show drew elements and stock footage from "Gosei Sentai Dairanger" and "Ninja Sentai Kakuranger", respectively, though the "Zyuranger" costumes were still used for the lead cast in these two seasons. Only the mecha and the Kiba Ranger (White Ranger) costume from "Dairanger" were featured in the second season while only the "Kakuranger" mecha was featured in the third season, though the "Kakuranger" costumes were later used for the mini-series "Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers". The series was produced by MMPR Productions and distributed by Saban Entertainment, while the show's merchandise was produced and distributed by Bandai Entertainment. The series was well known for its campy tone.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: While a global storyline would continue in "Power Rangers Zeo", "Power Rangers Turbo", "Power Rangers in Space", and "Power Rangers Lost Galaxy" (which could be considered respectively and unofficially as the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh seasons of the original series), the subsequent series would not be sequels or spin-offs in the traditional sense, having self-contained plots with no strong connection with the original series (except taking place in the same universe, not being reboots). The exceptions would be "Power Rangers Dino Thunder", which could be considered as a continuation of the original classic series by having the presence of the character Tommy Oliver (the Green Ranger and later White Ranger, portrayed by Jason David Frank) as part of the regular team of Rangers of the generation of that series (in some of the other series the character only made special participations). "Power Rangers SPD" would also be another exception, as in this series' plot, this generation's Green Ranger, J.J Oliver, is the son of Tommy, the original Green Ranger. Another series connected to the original classic series would be "Power Rangers Operation Overdrive", as one of the main villains of this series, Thrax, is the son of Rita Repulsa and Lord Zedd, main villains of the classic series.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: In 2010, a remake of "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers", with a revised new look of the original 1993 logo, comic book-referenced graphics, and extra alternative visual effects, was broadcast on ABC Kids, and Bandai produced brand new toys to coincide with the series. Only the first 32 of season one's 60 episodes were remade. It was the final "Power Rangers" season to air on ABC Kids as Haim Saban re-acquired the franchise from Disney, who took over the rights in 2002. With the beginning of "Power Rangers Samurai" in 2011, the franchise had moved to Nickelodeon.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: The original series also spawned the feature film "", released by 20th Century Fox on June 30, 1995. Despite mixed reviews, it was a modest financial success, and earned a cult following. In 1997, a second film titled "" was released as a bridge between the series "Power Rangers Zeo" and "Power Rangers Turbo". In 2017, a reboot film based on the original series was distributed by Lionsgate, simply titled "Power Rangers". Due to both the film's financial failure and Hasbro's acquisition of the franchise in 2018, another reboot is in development.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: The series takes place in the fictional town of Angel Grove, California. On an exploratory mission, two astronauts discover an extraterrestrial container (referred to as a dumpster as a result of its smell) and breach the unit, inadvertently releasing the evil alien sorceress Rita Repulsa from 10,000 years of confinement. Upon her release, she and her army of evil space aliens set their sights on conquering the nearest planet—Earth. The wise sage Zordon, who was responsible for capturing Rita (and also being enemies on Zordon's home world, Eltar), later becomes aware of her release and orders his robotic assistant Alpha 5 to select five "teenagers with attitude" to defend the Earth from Rita's attacks. The five teens chosen are Jason Lee Scott, Kimberly Hart, Zack Taylor, Trini Kwan, and Billy Cranston. Zordon gives them the ability to transform into a fighting force known as the Power Rangers. This provides them with superhuman abilities and an arsenal of weapons, as well as colossal assault machines called Zords which can combine into a giant humanoid machine known as the Megazord.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: The series begins with five teenagers combating Rita and her seemingly endless array of monsters, while also dealing with typical teenage problems and clashing with local bullies Bulk and Skull. However, consecutive failures lead Rita to adopt a new method for conquering Earth and destroying the Power Rangers—by attacking them with one of their own. Using her magic, Rita kidnaps and brainwashes a local teen whose fighting skills prove to equal that of Jason's in a martial-arts tournament held in Angel Grove. The new teen, Tommy Oliver, passes Rita's tests, becoming the Green Ranger. Entrusted with Rita's Sword of Darkness, the source for the continuance of the evil spell he has fallen victim to, Tommy comes dangerously close to defeating the Power Rangers. After sabotaging the Command Center and cutting off Zordon's connection to their dimension, Tommy helps Rita strike another blow to the Rangers when the Megazord is drained of its power in battle by a solar eclipse and then blasted into a molten lava crevice. However, Alpha eventually succeeds in reestablishing connection with Zordon, who then revives the Megazord. With it, the Rangers stop Tommy's rampage on Angel Grove with his Dragonzord, and Jason ultimately defeats Tommy in a one-on-one duel by destroying the Sword of Darkness. Now free from Rita's spell, Tommy chooses to use his Green Ranger powers to assist the Rangers in defeating the evil that gave them to him in the first place, and the Dragonzord is reconfigured to enable it to help form more powerful Zord combinations alongside the other Dinozords.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: As time goes on, Rita focuses on eliminating Tommy to regain the powers that she believes belong to her. Using a special wax that was touched by Tommy when he was evil, Rita uses a magic Green Candle to slowly remove his powers, returning them to her. In the end, Tommy loses his powers, but he prevents Rita from reclaiming them by transferring them to Jason who, feeling guilt for failing to protect Tommy's powers, accepts them. However, Tommy later returns to the team when the other Rangers' Power Coins are handed over to Rita in exchange for their kidnapped parents. With Zordon's help, Tommy regains his powers and successfully retrieves the other Rangers' Power Coins. However, Tommy's regained powers are only temporary and must be frequently re-charged by Zordon, who warns him that the Green Ranger's powers will ultimately fail. Despite this, Tommy remains determined to continue assisting the other Rangers as long as possible.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Lord Zedd, Rita's superior, arrives at Rita's Moon Palace, where he takes her place and throws her into a space dumpster again. He then begins his own campaign to conquer Earth. In order for the Power Rangers to compete with Zedd's monsters, which are superior to the ones Finster made for Rita, Zordon and Alpha upgrade the Dinozords into the more powerful Thunderzords (which combine into the Thunder Megazord). However, Tommy is forced to retain use of the Dragonzord, due to his Green Ranger powers being too weak to support a new Zord.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: After several defeats, Zedd's attacks on the Rangers progressively become more violent. He focuses his attention on eliminating Tommy, whom he sees as Rita's biggest mistake in giving him the Dragon Coin. The Green Ranger's powers were rapidly deteriorating, but Zedd's efforts had enhanced the process. He eventually does so with a special Green Crystal, using it to take away the Green Ranger's powers. The crystal also powers up Zedd's Dark Rangers, but when Tommy smashes it, the Dark Rangers powers are transferred back to the regular Rangers. Nevertheless, Zedd finally succeeds in taking the Green Ranger's powers (which Rita later uses to power Tommy's clone to battle against the Rangers before reclaiming it once more). Following the loss of the Green Ranger's powers, Zordon and Alpha create, in secret, a new White Ranger to aid the other Rangers in battle. The White Ranger is revealed to be Tommy, who in addition receives a new Zord, the Tigerzord, and also becomes the new leader of the Power Rangers (replacing Jason).


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: During the Team Ninja Trials in Angel Grove, the Rangers become friends with three teenagers from Stone Canyon: Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park and Aisha Campbell. During an ensuing battle with Zedd and a magical serpent, Rocky, Adam and Aisha discover the Rangers' identities and, having been entrusted with their secret by Zordon, the three newcomers become allies of the Rangers.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Later on, Jason, Zack and Trini are selected to represent Angel Grove at the World Peace Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, and the Rangers are faced with the task of finding replacements. To transfer the powers of the Red, Black and Yellow Rangers, they must find the Sword of Light, which is located on the Deserted Planet. Zedd pursues them across the galaxy in Serpentera, his massive personal Zord, and destroys most of the Deserted Planet. Serpentera runs out of power before being able to finish the Rangers, and they return to Earth safely with the Sword of Light. Zordon then chooses Rocky, Adam and Aisha to replace Jason, Zack and Trini as the Red, Black and Yellow Rangers, respectively.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Sometime before the power transfer, Rita had returned to Earth when Tommy made his debut as the White Ranger, and fell into the hands of Bulk and Skull, but the Rangers sent her back into space. She later returns to the Moon while the Rangers are in Australia, and with the help of Finster, she gets a special "makeover" to gain a younger and "prettier" face. She then uses a love potion on Zedd, who is in a deep sleep during his centennial re-evilizer, and he falls in love with her when he wakes up. They get married and join forces to make an even more terrible threat for the Rangers, but not even this can prepare them for what is to come.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Rito Revolto, Rita's skeletal brother, comes to Earth and, with the help of a group of monsters, destroys the Rangers' Thunderzords and the Tigerzord. As a result, the Dinozords are also destroyed and the Power Coins are damaged beyond repair. Undaunted, the Power Rangers seek the aid of Ninjor, alleged creator of the Power Coins, who gives them new Ninja Coins, providing them with the even more powerful Ninjazords (which combine into the Ninja Megazord) and the Falconzord.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: An Australian girl named Katherine Hillard moves to Angel Grove. She befriends Kimberly, and displays an intense affection for Tommy. Later it is found out that Rita had captured Katherine and put her under a powerful spell, giving her the ability to transform into a cat as well as a cat-like monster. Under this spell, she steals Kimberly's Ninja Coin, vastly weakening and nearly killing the Pink Ranger, whose life force, like that of the other Rangers, is connected to her Ninja Coin. It is during this time that the Rangers acquire their most powerful Zords: the Shogunzords (which combine into the Shogun Megazord). Eventually, Katherine overcomes Rita's evil spell and returns the Pink Ninja Coin to Kimberly. A short time after, Kimberly gets a chance to pursue her personal athletic dreams. With Zordon's blessing, she leaves to train for the Pan Global Games, choosing Katherine to replace her as the Pink Ranger. Though her initial fear and hesitation keeps her from contributing fully to the fight against evil, Katherine eventually becomes both comfortable and capable of fulfilling her duty as a Ranger.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: After several more battles, Zedd and Rita are joined by Rita's father, Master Vile. Following his failed attempts to defeat the Rangers, he reverses time, turning the Rangers into powerless children. These events culminate in the mini-series "Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers" and lead to the next incarnation of the franchise, entitled "Power Rangers Zeo."


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: While on a business trip to Japan, Haim Saban came across a broadcast of "Choudenshi Bioman" on TV Asahi, later learning of a popular French-language dub aired on Canal+. Based on the franchise's popularity both in and outside of its native country, Saban realized there was potential for an American adaption. He and his business partner Shuki Levy quickly produced a pilot entitled "Bio-Man" in August 1986, which featured an early appearance by actor and martial artist Mark Dacascos in a leading role. According to Levy, they "shopped it around for at least five years, but nobody wanted it." Saban only found success in 1992, when he found a network executive familiar with Super Sentai, Fox Kids' Margaret Loesch, that during her time with Marvel Productions saw partner Stan Lee trying to sell the "Sun Vulcan" series to various television stations. Loesch's boss at Fox did not have much faith in the project, only financing a pilot that if unsuccessful, could even lead to Loesch's dismissal. Levy and Saban then started working on the pilot using footage from the latest Sentai season, "Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger", entitling the pitch "Galaxy Rangers". A test screening with an audience of children was successful, and eventually, the pilot was picked up by Fox Kids for a 40 episode order, after which point it would be determined by the network whether or not to renew the series for additional episodes.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Due to the action-oriented nature of the show, many of the lead actors cast had background in martial arts, dance, or other physically intensive activities. Amy Jo Johnson (Kimberly) and David Yost (Billy) were former competitive gymnasts, Austin St. John (Jason) held a second-degree black belt in Taekwondo, and a first-degree black belt in Judo. Walter Emanuel Jones (Zack) was a dancer, and Thuy Trang (Trini) was a kung fu practitioner. Actor Jason Narvy (Skull) originally auditioned for the role of Billy.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: The series was shot on location in Santa Clarita and Los Angeles, California. Recurring locations included Grant High School, Placerita Canyon State Park, Puddingstone Reservoir, and Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park. The House of the Book at Brandeis-Bardin Institute was used as the exterior location for the Command Center. Due to its unusual, futuristic architecture; the building had previously been used in the films "" and "The Lawnmower Man".


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: As part of the initial licensing agreement between Saban and Toei Company, the producers of the "Super Sentai", additional footage and insert shots of the villain characters (particularly those played by Machiko Soga, Ami Kawai, and Hideaki Kusaka) were filmed in order to allow more in-depth, extensive scenes of the villains who would be unable to interact with the main cast due to the nature of the show. The additional footage included close-ups of the actor speaking English-language lines phonetically in order to make the necessary dialogue looping more seamless.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Episodes 39 & 40 (The two part episode "Doomsday") were originally intended as the season (and potentially series) finale, with the producers' intending to bring in actress Machiko Soga to reprise her role as Rita in new footage where she would interact directly with the main cast. Due to the unprecedented success of the show and its merchandising, Fox Kids ordered an additional 25 episodes. Since most of the available stock footage from "Zyuranger" had been depleted for use in the first 40 episodes of Season 1, Saban commissioned Toei to produce 25 new monster costumes and new battle footage using the existing Zyuranger suits. Saban was able to produce 25 additional episodes using new monster suits. This new footage has been referred to as "Zyu2" by "Power Rangers" fans. Saban used the first 15 for the rest of Season 1 (episodes 41–60), then the remaining suits and footage for the first 13 episodes of Season 2. This became problematic, however, when the Thunderzords were introduced, as they were from "Gosei Sentai Dairanger", which resulted in Saban splicing together footage from both "Zyu2" and "Dairanger" for the Megazord battles in these early Season 2 episodes.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Following production of Season 2's first 20 episodes, Austin St. John, Thuy Trang and Walter Emanuel Jones left the show over contract disputes. To disguise this incident, a combination of body doubles, voice doubles and stock footage were used to continue featuring the characters Jason, Trini and Zack for eight episodes. The voice doubles were also used for the Ranger costume scenes in the last several episodes that the three actors filmed. The subplot of Jason, Trini and Zack leaving Angel Grove for the World Peace Conference was made to bridge the transition to their replacements.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: During the later portion of Season 2 (following Rocky, Adam and Aisha's introduction to the series), the production moved to Sydney, Australia for roughly four months to shoot "", which was released the following summer before the start of Season 3.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Despite the success of the series, it was also subject to much controversy from parents who felt the show was too violent for young children. The show had aired before television stations issued content warnings such as parental guidance or fit for viewing persons twelve years or over, the V-chip, and television ratings. In the US, numerous complaints were sent to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In 1993, the Canadian broadcast rights to "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers" were jointly purchased by the YTV cable channel, and the series played to a receptive audience every weekday afternoon on YTV, the latter trailing the American broadcast by several months. However, due to complaints sent to the recently formed Canadian Broadcast Standards Council and a negative assessment from that body over the show's violent content, YTV removed the series from their line-up in November. Despite not actually being a member of the CBSC, YTV complied and pulled the series before the end of its first season; Global (which was a CBSC member) ultimately did the same. While a phone-in poll was conducted to see if viewers wanted "MMPR" back on YTV, no further installments of the "Power Rangers" franchise aired on the network until 2011's "Power Rangers Samurai", although commercials for toys and videos were still advertised on it. Later Disney-era versions of the series were broadcast on ABC Family.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: In 1994, the New Zealand Broadcasting Standards Authority (BSA) upheld several complaints from members of the public about the level of violence in the show. The main concern of those complainants was that the show portrayed violence as the primary means of resolving conflict, and that this was influencing children to behave more violently more frequently. Immediately following the BSA decision, the second season of the show was all but cancelled by Television New Zealand. New Zealand is the only country in the world where this show has been prematurely withdrawn from public broadcast to date. DVD and video releases of the more-recent "Power Rangers" series that were filmed in New Zealand can be found at The Warehouse, although general sales through video stores and other retailers are scarce. Later series in the "Power Rangers" franchise, such as "" and "", were filmed in New Zealand, but the programs were still not shown in the country, until 2011, when "Samurai" premiered.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: In mid-October 1994, the murder of Silje Redergård by two of her young friends prompted Swedish-owned TV3 to pull "MMPR" from its broadcast schedule in all of its market countries. However, "MMPR" was not related to the event.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: As a non-union production, members of the original cast were reportedly subject to low pay, long hours, unfair contracts, and a hostile work environment and, as many of the cast were young, aspiring actors, they had no agents or lawyers to protect their interests and they themselves had limited experience in the entertainment industry. Additionally, despite the show's financial success, members of the original cast did not receive royalty payments for re-runs of episodes in which they starred.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Austin St. John, Thuy Trang and Walter Emmanuel Jones were the first to leave the series, citing low pay, in the middle of the second season, and St. John was homeless for a time after leaving. While the reasons for their departure was debated for many years, St. John would confirm in 2014 that the departure was due to the low salaries the stars were being paid; he stated "I could have worked the window at McDonald's and probably made the same money the first season. It was disappointing, it was frustrating, it made a lot of us angry." The actors were receiving non-union pay, in the amount of about $60,000 per year without any compensation for merchandising for the show, which was estimated to be worth about $1 billion. Trang, St. John, and Jones were all represented by agent Ingrid Wang, and they requested more compensation and union recognition.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Amy Jo Johnson left the series in the middle of the third season for the same reason, along with concerns over her safety, having almost been set on fire during the filming of "". Amy Jo Johnson later expressed regret that she and the other cast members did not join the three departing cast members in calling for union wages and recognition, wondering if all of them standing together may have led to a different result. According to Johnson, St. John, Jones and Trang had wanted the show to become unionized, leading to them being replaced by Steve Cardenas, Johnny Yong Bosch, and Karan Ashley, respectively.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Within the show, the actors' departure was explained by their characters being chosen as representatives in an international "Peace Conference" in Switzerland. Trang, St. John, and Jones released a joint statement about their departure:


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: David Yost was the last of the original Ranger actors to leave the series (during "Power Rangers Zeo"), citing homophobic attitudes from production staff, prompting him to unsuccessfully undergo conversion therapy in an effort to change his sexuality. In a 2010 interview with fan blog "No Pink Spandex", Yost stated that he walked off set one day because "[he] was called 'faggot' one too many times." He also stated that the producers would often ask other cast members what they thought about his homosexuality, and this made him uncomfortable as well. Shortly after this interview, producer Scott Page-Pagter stated that Yost left over a pay dispute and that he didn't know why Yost made the allegations of homophobia; he further stated that Yost did not get along with any of the crew.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: In Malaysia, the phrase "Mighty Morphin" was censored and edited out from the logo due to the word "morphin" being too similar to the name of the drug morphine.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Between 1994 and 1996, Saban Home Entertainment and PolyGram Video released videotapes of the series in the United States. In 2000, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released seven compilation VHS tapes. In 2012, Shout! Factory released 19 discs to Comic-Con International and a 20-disc set exclusively to Time Life of all three seasons and "Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers". In that same year, Shout! Factory reissued the 19 discs to wider retail. They also released two volumes for both seasons 1 and 2 of the series, as well as the complete third season. In January 2014, the complete series, as well as the remaining 17 seasons in the entire "Power Rangers" franchise, was released in 98-disc set. The series has also been released on VHS in the UK and Australia, and Region 2 DVD. The first 30 episodes of season 1 have been released to Region 4 DVD.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: The following video games are either based on the television series or feature characters from the series.


title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Several comic book series were based on "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers". From 1994 to 1995, Hamilton Comics produced three separate series totaling 13 issues altogether. Marvel Comics produced two series, the first with seven issues based on the second season and the second with five issues called "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Ninja Rangers/VR Troopers" which was a flip book with adventures based on the third season on one side and of "VR Troopers" on the other. The Power Rangers also appeared in the "Masked Rider" comic book from Marvel. In March 2016, BOOM! comics released a new "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers" comic series based on the original series but serves as a reboot taking place in the modern world. In July 2017, a second series titled "Go Go Power Rangers" was released and takes place before Tommy joins the team.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu (11 June 1993 – 29 May 2022), better known by his stage name Sidhu Moose Wala, was an Indian rapper, singer, songwriter and actor from Punjab. He rose to the mainstream with his track "So High". In 2018, he released his debut album "PBX 1", which peaked at number 66 on the "Billboard" Canadian Albums chart. His single "47" was ranked on the UK Singles Chart. In 2020, Moose Wala was named by "The Guardian" among 50 up and coming artists. He is generally regarded to have been one of the greatest Punjabi artists of his generation. Moreover, he was considered as a key figure in opening the door for Punjabi artists into mainstream music.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Born in Moosa, Mansa district, Moose Wala started in 2016 as a songwriter for the song "License" by Ninja, and as lead artist in 2017 with Gurlez Akhtar for a duet song, "G Wagon". Following his debut, he collaborated with Brown Boyz for various tracks. His tracks peaked on the UK Asian Music chart. His song "Bambiha Bole" was among the top five on the Global YouTube music chart. In 2021, he released "Moosetape", tracks from which charted globally including "Billboard" Global 200, "Billboard" Global Excl. US, Canadian Hot 100, UK Asian, and New Zealand Hot charts. He has the most number-one singles on the "Billboard" India Songs chart.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In 2021, he joined the Indian National Congress political party and unsuccessfully contested the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election from Mansa.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala was shot dead by unidentified assailants on 29 May 2022; a Canada-based gangster, active in Punjab, claimed responsibility for the killing, which the police said was a culmination of inter-gang rivalry. On 23 June 2022, his first posthumous single, "SYL", was released.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala's lyrics and themes were often seen as controversial in India, and he was accused of promoting gun culture and of challenging religious establishments—as was the case related to Mai Bhago, a revered figure in Sikhism. He had faced legal challenges for promoting gun culture and using inflammatory and inciting lyrics in his songs.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu hailed from the village of Moosa in Mansa district of Punjab, India. He was born in a Jat Sikh family, to father Balkaur Singh and mother Charan Kaur. He studied at Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana and graduated in electrical engineering in 2016. Moose Wala admired and was influenced by rapper Tupac Shakur. He started listening to hip-hop music as a student in sixth grade, and trained in music from Harvinder Bittu in Ludhiana. According to statements he made while campaigning, he chose "Moose Wala" for his stage name as a tribute to his home village of Moosa.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: After graduation, Moose Wala moved to Brampton, Ontario, Canada, as an international student. While living there he studied at Humber College.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala released his first song "G Wagon" while living in Brampton. He started to perform live shows in India from 2018. He had also performed shows in Canada. Moose Wala had his breakthrough with the song "So High" in 2017, a gangster rap collaboration with Byg Byrd. The song won him the 2017 Best Lyricist award at the Brit Asia TV Music Awards. He continued his success with singles like "Issa Jatt", "It's All About You", "Just Listen", and "Warning Shots".


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In May 2018, Moose Wala released the single "Tochan". The song was followed by "Famous", which entered Top 40 Uk Asian Charts.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: At the 2018 PTC Punjabi Music Awards he was nominated for the Best New Age Sensation award for "Issa Jatt". In August 2018, he launched his first film soundtrack song, "Dollar", for the film "Dakuaan Da Munda". In October 2018, Moose Wala released his debut album "PBX 1" in the pop music genre with a touch of hip-hop. The album charted on the Canadian Albums Chart. It won him the Best Album Award at the 2019 Brit Asia TV Music Awards.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In Feb. 2019, Moose Wala released "Legend", under his own record label. It won him the Britasia TV Kuflink Best Track of the Year Award in 2019. In the same month. he released "Chosen" and "Outlaw". In April 2019, Moose Wala released "East Side Flow", which was followed by "Mafia Style".


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In June 2019, his concert at the Surrey Music Festival was canceled due to violent activities that had happened in his past performances. In the same month, he released "Poison", featuring R Nait. In July 2019, Moose Wala released "Sohne Lagde", featuring The PropheC. In the same month, he released his film soundtrack title "Hathyar", for "Sikander 2".


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In September 2019, he released two film soundtrack songs: "Dogar" for "Teri Meri Jodi" and "Jatti Jeone Morh Wargi", featuring Sonam Bajwa, for "Ardab Mutiyaran".


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In October 2019, he released "B Town". He also released "47", featuring Mist and Stefflon Don, which entered the top 20 on UK Singles Chart. The song also charted on the New Zealand Hot 40 singles chart.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In December 2019, Moose Wala concluded the year with the single "Dhakka". In 2019, Spotify included him in the list of the most popular artists in Punjab, along with Maninder Buttar and Karan Aujla.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In January 2020, he collaborated with Prem Dhillon and Nseeb in singing "Old Skool". The song was followed by "Tibeyan Da Putt", which topped the iTunes charts and was ranked at number 8 on the Apple Music charts in India. His second studio album, "Snitches Get Stitches", was released in May 2020, and that same month, he released the single "Dear Mama" on the occasion of his mother's birthday. In June 2020, he collaborated with Amrit Maan on the song "Bambiha Bole". Its music video was viewed over ten million times within twenty-four hours. The song topped in India and entered the top 50 in Canada and New Zealand on the Apple Music chart. It topped the UK Asian charts, and also entered the top 5 of the Global YouTube charts. In September 2020, Moose Wala released "Game" with Shooter Kahlon, which became his first song to chart on the Canadian Hot 100 by "Billboard".


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In May 2021, Moose Wala released his third studio album, "Moosetape". The album charted on New Zealand Albums Chart by "Recorded Music NZ". Singles from the album charted on various international charts including "Billboard" Global 200, Canada Hot 100, and New Zealand Hot Singles chart. On 12 September 2021, he performed at the Wireless Festival in London with British rapper Mist. Moose Wala was the first Indian singer to perform at this festival.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In April 2022, Moose Wala released the EP "No Name" featuring AR Paisley, Mr. Capone-E and Sunny Malton, which debuted at No. 73 on "Billboard" Top Canadian Albums. His songs "The Last Ride", "Levels", "Never Fold", and "295" entered the "Billboard" Canadian Hot 100 chart. "The Last Ride" peaked at No. 26 and "Levels" on 32, and "Never Fold" on 97th rank. Three of his songs also featured on "Billboard" Global Excl. US chart, "The Last Ride" peaked at 103, "295" peaked at 73, and "Levels" peaked at 195.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In June 2022, his single "SYL" (based on Satluj Yamuna link canal) posthumously peaked at 27 on Canadian Hot 100, 81 in Australia, 3 in India, and 200 on Global Excl. US chart.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Following the various successful songs with Humble Music, Moose Wala started releasing songs independently in 2018. He released the first song "Warning Shots", which was a diss track attacking Karan Aujla's track "Lafaafe". In the same year, his debut album, "PBX 1," was released under T-Series, followed by the release of most of his tracks under his own label, as well as tracks from other artists. In 2020, Moose Wala released his second studio album, "Snitches Get Stitches," under his own label. On 31 August 2020, Moose Wala officially launched his record label, 5911 Records.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala had a lot of attachment to his village Moosa, so he used to stay in his village. When he was alive, his fans used to visit his village everyday to meet him. He was very attached to his grandmother. He kept his hair at the behest of his grandmother, which was very important in Sikhism, because his father could not keep his hair due to an accident.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: According to artists like Afsana Khan, Gippy Grewal, Amrit Maan, Moose Wala's personality was totally different from his songs. In real life he was a down to earth person.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala had a rivalry with Karan Aujla; both have replied to each other through songs, social media handles, and live performances. Also, both singers have been criticised for singing songs promoting violence. Elly Mangat, both Moose Wala's and Aujla's then-colleague, in an interview disclosed that the dispute between the two singers began when Moose Wala's video targeting Aujla in his song was leaked to Aujla's management, and they threatened to attack Moose Wala. Following the incident, both started targeting each other on social media. The rivalry was resolved temporarily until Aujla released a diss-track, "Lafaafe", followed by Moose Wala's "Warning Shot". Aujla in an interview stated that he did not write the track "Lafaafe" and did not reveal anything about their rivalry, but praised Moose Wala's work.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: At the time of his death, Moose Wala was facing criminal charges for promoting gun culture and violence. Two of the charges were related to obscene scenes.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In May 2020, two videos featuring Moose Wala went viral on social media: one showcased him training to use an AK-47 with assistance from police officers, and the other saw him use a personal pistol. The six officers who had assisted him were suspended following the incident. On 19 May, he was booked under two sections of the Arms Act. The police began conducting raids to find Moose Wala, but he absconded to evade arrest. On 2 June, the Barnala District Court rejected a plea for anticipatory bail for Moose Wala and five accused officers.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 6 June 2020, he was fined by police in Nabha because his car windows were tinted black beyond what was permissible and was allowed to leave despite being under lookout; Moose Wala incorrectly told the officers that he was already on bail. In July, he joined the police investigation and was granted regular bail. That month, he released a single titled "Sanju", comparing himself to actor Sanjay Dutt, who was also arrested under the Arms Act. Indian sport shooter Avneet Sidhu criticised the song and called out Moose Wala for promoting gun culture. The next day, a case was registered against him for releasing the song. In an interview, Moose Wala alleged that he was being deliberately targeted by some news channels and lawyers.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In September 2019, his song "Jatti Jeone Morh Wargi" was deemed inappropriate by Sikh leaders for using the name of Mai Bhago, a 17th-century Sikh warrior woman. Sikh delegations and Akali Dal leaders demanded a ban on the song, subsequently lodging complaints against Moose Wala in Mansa and Bathinda. Moose Wala later apologised on social media and in March 2020 appeared before the Sikh religious body Akal Takht in a hearing over the incident.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: In December 2020, Moose Wala released the single "Panjab: My Motherland" in support of the Indian farmers protest against the 2020 Indian agriculture acts, which featured clips of Orthodox militant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and speeches made by a supporter of Khalistan, Bharpur Singh Balbir, in the late 1980s. In an interview Moose Wala said that Khalistan means a "pure place (पवित्र-स्थान )", like it was under the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, where people of all religions lived in harmony.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala made his debut in Punjabi cinema in the film "Yes I Am Student" under his own production company Jatt Life Studios. The film was directed by Tarnvir Singh Jagpal and written by Gill Raunta. In 2019, Moose Wala appeared in "Teri Meri Jodi". In June 2020, he announced another film titled "Gunah". On 22 August 2021, he released the teaser of his upcoming movie, "Moosa Jatt", starring Sweetaj Brar and directed by Tru Makers. On 24 August 2021, he announced his new film "Jattan Da Munda Gaun Lagya", directed by Amberdeep Singh, which was set for release on 18 March 2022.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala actively campaigned for his mother, Charan Kaur, who won the sarpanch election from Moosa village in December 2018.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 3 December 2021, Moose Wala joined the Indian National Congress to contest the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. Nazar Singh Manshahia, the Congress MLA from Mansa, revolted and opposed Moose Wala's candidacy. Obtaining only 20.52% votes from the Mansa constituency, Moose Wala lost to Aam Aadmi Party's Vijay Singla by a margin of 63,323 votes.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: During the 2022 election, a case under Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code was filed against Moose Wala for his violation of the election code of conduct. He had held a door-to-door campaign in the Mansa constituency after the end of the allowed duration of the election campaign.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 11 April 2022, Moose Wala released a song titled "Scapegoat", in which he laments his failure in the 2022 Punjab state assembly elections. The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) claimed that Moose Wala through his song insinuated that the voters of Punjab were "gaddar" () for electing the AAP. They also claimed that Moose Wala's song perpetuates the Indian National Congress' "anti-Punjab" mentality and demanded an answer from the party's state unit president, Amrinder Singh Raja Warring, on whether he endorsed Moose Wala's views.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala was shot dead by unidentified assailants in his car on 29 May 2022 in Jawaharke village of Mansa district. According to police, the Lawrence Bishnoi gang initially claimed responsibility for the murder in an unverified Facebook post, which Bishnoi denied making, but is being held by the Punjab Police as of June 2022 and is considered the "mastermind" by officials in the murder.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: According to police, at around 4:30 pm, Sidhu Moose Wala left his house with his cousin Gurpreet Singh and neighbor Gurwinder Singh. Moose Wala was driving his black Mahindra Thar SUV. He was going to his aunt's house in Barnala. At 5:30 when the SUV reached the village Jawaharke, two other cars intercepted and blocked it. Thirty rounds were fired during the incident, which also injured two other men. Moose Wala also fired back at the attackers using his pistol. After the shootout, the attackers left the scene. His father took Moose Wala to the civil hospital in Mansa, where he was declared dead.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala was among the 424 people whose police security was reduced or entirely removed the day before, in preparation for the anniversary of Operation Blue Star, leaving him with two commandos only, as compared to four earlier. At the time of the incident, Moose Wala was travelling in his private car accompanied by two others instead of his bullet-proof vehicle with the police commandos. According to his friends, Moose Wala did not take his security along with him, as his Thar SUV that he chose to drive could not accommodate five people.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: According to the police, the Lawrence Bishnoi gang has claimed to kill Moose Wala to avenge the murder of an Akali leader, Vicky Middukhera, in 2021. Moose Wala's aide was purported by the Bishnoi gang of having a role in the killing of Middukhera, though there is no legal evidence to support this. A Canadian gangster of Punjabi origin, identified as Satinder Singh alias Goldy Brar, claimed responsibility for the murder. Brar, a close associate of a gangster Lawrence Bishnoi, claimed that his "Punjab Module" (gang) carried out the shooting. Both Brar and Bishnoi have criminal cases against them in India. The Punjab police later confirmed Bishnoi's involvement.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Subsequently, in the FIR, Moose Wala's father revealed that Moose Wala was receiving death threats from gangsters for extortion purposes, a statement corroborated by singer Mika Singh.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann condemned the murder. Calling Moose Wala "a cultural icon of Punjab", he expressed shock and grief on his death and condoled the aggrieved family. Mann ordered an investigation into why Moose Wala's security was reduced by the Punjab police two days prior. He also announced the setting up of a judicial commission headed by a sitting judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court to investigate the killing. Numerous celebrities offered their condolences on social media.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Police found bullets from an AN-94 Russian assault rifle and a pistol at the spot of the killing. Police have detained six suspects in the incident from the state of Uttarakhand. On 30 May, one of the murder suspects was detained by the Punjab Police while he was hiding among the pilgrims of Gurudwara Shri Hemkund Sahib.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 30 May, the Delhi unit of Indian National Congress staged a protest near Aam Aadmi Party supremo Arvind Kejriwal's residence holding the AAP-ruled Government of Punjab responsible for the incident, blaming the state government's decision to curtail Moose Wala's security cover.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: His autopsy was carried out by five doctors, and the event was videographed. According to post-mortem reports, Moose Wala's body received 19 bullet injuries, and he died in 15 minutes after getting shot due to gunshot wounds.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Moose Wala was cremated in his ancestral village on 31 May. His last rites were performed on his farmland.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 3 June, Lawrence Bishnoi allegedly admitted to being involved in the murder and that he had a rivalry with Moose Wala.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 3 July, Ankit Sirsa was arrested by Delhi police for being one of the shooters involved in the killing.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 20 July, gangsters Manpreet Mannu and Jagrup Rupa, suspected to be involved in Moose Wala's killing were gunned down by the Punjab Police.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 26 July, India TV reported that Punjab Police arrested the last absconding shooter, Deepak Mundi. However, The Indian Express reported that he was arrested on 11 September near the Bengal-Nepal border.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Before the Sangrur Lok Sabha by-polls in 2022, the Indian National Congress party had used pictures of Moose Wala in its election song. The family of Moose Wala made a public appeal to political parties and individuals, asking them to not use his name for political or personal motives. "Tribune" newspaper reported that this appeal came as a setback for the Congress party as it was intended to use the public sympathy over Moose Wala's death for electoral benefit in the by-polls.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Bhagwant Mann on 3 June announced a cancer hospital and sports stadium in remembrance of Sidhu Moose Wala.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 8 June, the city of Brampton in Canada passed a motion in the city council to commission a giant mural which will be painted by a local artist and to plant a tree in the singer's honor.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Punjabi language singer Prem Dhillon released a tribute song, "Ain't Died In Vain", dedicated to Moose Wala on 16 June. Posthumously, on his 29th birthday, Moose Wala received a tribute from his fans when the billboards of New York City's Times Square were hired to play his songs.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: On 17 June, Canadian rapper Drake played two of Moose Wala's singles "295" & "G-Shit" from "Moosetape" in remembrance on his debut radio show called "Table for One" on Sound42.


title: Sidhu Moose Wala

text: Singer Drake launched a t-shirt collection to honour Moose Wala, wearing one himself at a concert in Canada on 28 July.


title: David Walliams

text: David Edward Williams (born 20 August 1971), known professionally as David Walliams, is an English comedian, actor, writer, and television personality. He is best known for his work with Matt Lucas on the BBC sketch comedy series "Little Britain" (2003–2007) and "Come Fly With Me" (2010–2011). From 2012 to 2022, Walliams was a judge on the television talent show competition "Britain's Got Talent" on ITV1.


title: David Walliams

text: Walliams played the role of Greville White in the 2007 television drama film "Capturing Mary." From 2013 to 2014, he wrote and starred in the BBC One sitcom "Big School." In 2015, he starred as Tommy Beresford in the BBC drama series "Partners in Crime", and wrote and starred in his own sketch comedy series "Walliams & Friend." Walliams has won the award for Best TV Judge for his work on "Britain's Got Talent" at the 2015, 2018, 2019 and 2020 National Television Awards. In 2022, he was a judge on the tenth season of "Australia's Got Talent".


title: David Walliams

text: Walliams began writing children's novels in 2008 after securing a contract with the publisher HarperCollins. His books have been translated into 53 languages, and he has been described as "the fastest-growing children's author in the UK", with a literary style compared to that of Roald Dahl. Some of his books have been adapted into television films, which he has also appeared in, including "Mr Stink" (2012), "Gangsta Granny" (2013) and "Billionaire Boy" (2016).


title: David Walliams

text: Walliams was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to charity and the arts. His charity work includes swimming the English Channel, Strait of Gibraltar and River Thames, raising millions of pounds for the BBC charity Sport Relief.


title: David Walliams

text: Walliams was born at St Teresa's Maternity Hospital in Wimbledon, in the London Borough of Merton, in 1971. He is the son of Peter Williams (1936–2007), a London Transport engineer, and Kathleen Williams (née Ellis), a laboratory technician who worked at Sutton Grammar School. Walliams grew up in Banstead, Surrey, specifically in the residential area of Nork, with his mother, father and sister Julie. He was educated at Collingwood Boys' School in Wallington, and Reigate Grammar School in Surrey, where he was a contemporary of writer Robert Shearman. From 1989 to 1992, he studied at the University of Bristol, where he resided at Manor Hall and graduated with Bachelor of Arts (Drama). During university holidays in 1990, Walliams performed with the National Youth Theatre, where he met future comedy partner and friend Matt Lucas. He changed his stage name to David Walliams when he joined college Equity, as there was already a member named David Williams.


title: David Walliams

text: Walliams performed in the Big Finish Productions "Doctor Who" audio play "Phantasmagoria", written by Mark Gatiss in 1999. In 2005, Walliams, Simon Pegg, Lucy Davis and Lauren Laverne starred in the video for Charlotte Hatherley's single "Bastardo". Later in the year, Walliams presented a documentary on James Bond, entitled "David Walliams: My Life with James Bond". In 2007, he returned to non-comedy television, garnering positive reviews for his portrayal of a suave and dangerous manipulator in Stephen Poliakoff's "Capturing Mary".


title: David Walliams

text: He portrayed comedian Frankie Howerd in the BBC Four television film "Rather You Than Me". In 2010, Walliams appeared with Paul Rudd and Steve Carell in the comedy "Dinner for Schmucks". Walliams played the strange mole-like alien Gibbis in the sixth series of "Doctor Who", in the episode "The God Complex", broadcast on BBC One in 2011. In April 2012 Walliams appeared in an episode of ITV's "Perspectives" programme entitled "David Walliams: The Genius of Dahl". Also in 2012, he narrated "Are You Having a Laugh? TV and Disability" on BBC Two, and the ITV2 series "Top Dog Model".


title: David Walliams

text: In 2013, Walliams appeared in two episodes of the comedy series Blandings as Rupert Baxter, an efficiency expert hired to serve as Lord Emsworth's secretary. Also that year, and in 2014, Walliams starred as chemistry teacher Keith Church in the BBC One sitcom "Big School", which he created and co-wrote. The series also starred Catherine Tate, Frances de la Tour and Philip Glenister. In March 2014 Walliams narrated a short video for the charity, Electrical Safety First, featuring the character Charley from the Charley Says educational films of the 1970s.


title: David Walliams

text: For Comic Relief 2015, Walliams appeared as Lou Todd and Stephen Hawking in the Andy Pipkin role along with Catherine Tate as a nun. In 2015, coinciding with the 125th anniversary of Agatha Christie's birth, Walliams played the role of Tommy Beresford in "Partners in Crime", a six-part BBC series. In September 2015, Walliams began filming for his BBC sketch show "Walliams & Friend", which also starred Joanna Lumley and Morgana Robinson and premiered on Christmas Eve in 2015. The show returned for a full series in November 2016.


title: David Walliams

text: Walliams hosted the final comedy show "Thrills and Spills" in December 2016. The final was held in Louisville, Kentucky. In December 2016, Walliams presented the "Royal Variety Performance" and a Christmas special episode of "Blankety Blank", both shows for ITV. In 2017, Walliams guest presented five episodes of "The Nightly Show" for ITV.


title: David Walliams

text: In 2017, Walliams, along with Rochelle Humes, were both confirmed as Voice Trumpets, joining the existing cast of Daniel Rigby, Antonia Thomas, Jim Broadbent, Fearne Cotton and Jane Horrocks In series 2 of the reboot of classic British children's television series "Teletubbies".


title: David Walliams

text: In October 2019, Walliams became the new National Television Awards (NTAs) host for 2020, taking over after Dermot O'Leary's ten year presenting stint.


title: David Walliams

text: Walliams and Matt Lucas first met at the National Youth Theatre. At their first meeting, Lucas did an impression of Jimmy Savile and Walliams an impression of Frankie Howerd. They would not meet again for another year. In the late 1990s, playing minor roles in sketches such as "The Club", Walliams and Lucas played grotesque caricatures of various rock musicians in the series "Rock Profile" and in the spoof documentary series "Sir Bernard's Stately Homes". They were also stars of the Paramount Comedy Channel show "Mash and Peas", and it was in this guise that they appeared in the Fat Les video. Walliams and Lucas also had small roles in "Plunkett and Maclaine" as prisoners.


title: David Walliams

text: The duo appeared together in a music video for the Pet Shop Boys single "I'm with Stupid", in which the two are apparently auditioning their version of the song's video for Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe, who are tied up and appear to be hostages.


title: David Walliams

text: The pair are best known for "Little Britain", which ran from 2003 to 2009 on the BBC in the UK and from 2008 onwards on HBO in the USA. The programme first aired on BBC Three before moving to the more mainstream BBC One. Among the characters Walliams played were Emily Howard, a deluded "transvestite"; Ray McCooney, an insane Scottish hotel owner; and Sebastian Love, an "aide de camp" to the Prime Minister (portrayed by Anthony Head) on whom Love has a huge crush. A successful live stage show of the series, "Little Britain Live", was produced in 2006. A number of seasonal and charity specials followed, up to 2009. A spin-off series produced in the United States by HBO, "Little Britain USA", aired in 2008. The characters from "Little Britain" played by Walliams and Lucas appeared in a 2010 UK television advertising campaign for the Nationwide Building Society. In January 2005 Walliams and Lucas were named the most powerful people in TV comedy by "Radio Times".


title: David Walliams

text: Their later series was "Come Fly with Me", a six-part series airing on BBC One. The first episode was the third most-watched programme of Christmas Day 2010, and the most watched comedy of the year. The duo have not worked or made any public appearances together since early 2011 (although they each make separate cameo appearances in Michael Winterbottom's 2013 film "The Look of Love").


title: David Walliams

text: "Little Britain" returned to BBC Radio 4 on 31 October 2019, for a one-off special entitled "Little Brexit".


title: David Walliams

text: From 2012 to 2022, Walliams was a judge on the ITV1 talent show "Britain's Got Talent" with Amanda Holden, Alesha Dixon and Simon Cowell. In 2015, 2018 and 2019, he was recognised at the National Television Awards as Best Judge for his involvement in the series.


title: David Walliams

text: In November 2022, after controversy erupted regarding leaked disparaging comments made by Walliams to contestants, it was reported that Walliams had decided "to bow out after a ten-year run", and that he wished to leave the show "on a high after a wonderful time".