title: Escitalopram

text: Some people experience persistent sexual side effects after they stop taking SSRIs. This is known as post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD). Common symptoms include genital anesthesia, erectile dysfunction, anhedonia, decreased libido, premature ejaculation, vaginal lubrication issues, and nipple insensitivity in women. Rates are unknown, and there is no established treatment.


title: Escitalopram

text: Antidepressant exposure (including escitalopram) is associated with shorter duration of pregnancy (by three days), increased risk of preterm delivery (by 55%), lower birth weight (by 75 g), and lower Apgar scores (by <0.4 points). Antidepressant exposure is not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. There is a tentative association of SSRI use during pregnancy with heart problems in the baby. The advantages of their use during pregnancy may thus outweigh the possible negative effects on the baby.


title: Escitalopram

text: Excessive doses of escitalopram usually cause relatively minor untoward effects, such as agitation and tachycardia. However, dyskinesia, hypertonia, and clonus may occur in some cases. Therapeutic blood levels of escitalopram are usually in the range of 20–80 μg/L but may reach 80–200 μg/L in the elderly, patients with hepatic dysfunction, those who are poor CYP2C19 metabolizers or following acute overdose. Monitoring of the drug in plasma or serum is generally accomplished using chromatographic methods. Chiral techniques are available to distinguish escitalopram from its racemate, citalopram.


title: Escitalopram

text: Escitalopram increases intrasynaptic levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter into the presynaptic neuron. Over time, this leads to a downregulation of pre-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors, which is associated with an improvement in passive stress tolerance, and delayed downstream increase in expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which may contribute to a reduction in negative affective biases.


title: Escitalopram

text: Of the SSRIs currently available, escitalopram has the highest selectivity for the serotonin transporter (SERT) compared to the norepinephrine transporter (NET), making the side-effect profile relatively mild in comparison to less-selective SSRIs.


title: Escitalopram

text: Escitalopram is a substrate of P-glycoprotein and hence P-glycoprotein inhibitors such as verapamil and quinidine may improve its blood brain barrier penetrability. In a preclinical study in rats combining escitalopram with a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, its antidepressant-like effects were enhanced.


title: Escitalopram

text: Escitalopram, similarly to other SSRIs, may increase bleed risk with NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, mefenamic acid), antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and garlic supplements due to escitalopram's inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation via blocking serotonin transporters on platelets. Escitalopram inhibits CYP2D6 and hence may increase plasma levels of a number of CYP2D6 substrates such as aripiprazole, risperidone, tramadol, codeine, etc. As escitalopram is only a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6, analgesia from tramadol may not be affected. Escitalopram should be taken with caution when using St. John's wort, ginseng, dextromethorphan (DXM), linezolid, tramadol, and other serotonergic drugs due to the risk of serotonin syndrome. Exposure to escitalopram is increased moderately, by about 50%, when it is taken with omeprazole. The authors of this study suggested that this increase is unlikely to be of clinical concern.


title: Escitalopram

text: Bupropion has been found to significantly increase citalopram plasma concentration and systemic exposure; the interaction with escitalopram had not been studied, but some monographs warned of the potential interaction.


title: Escitalopram

text: Escitalopram can also prolong the QT interval and hence it is not recommended in patients that are concurrently on other medications that also have the ability to prolong the QT interval. These drugs include antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, some antihistamines (astemizole, mizolastine), macrolide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, some 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (except palonosetron), and some antiretrovirals (ritonavir, saquinavir, lopinavir). As an SSRI, escitalopram should generally not be given concurrently with MAOIs.


title: Escitalopram

text: Escitalopram is the ("S")-stereoisomer (left-handed version) of the racemate citalopram, which is responsible for its name: "es"citalopram. The ("R")-stereoisomer (R-citalopram, the right-handed version) is not thought to have useful effects for treating depression.


title: Escitalopram

text: Escitalopram was developed in close cooperation between Lundbeck and Forest Laboratories. Its development was initiated in the summer of 1997, and the resulting new drug application was submitted to the U.S. FDA in March 2001. The short time (3.5 years) it took to develop escitalopram can be attributed to the previous extensive experience of Lundbeck and Forest with citalopram, which has similar pharmacology.


title: Escitalopram

text: The FDA issued the approval of escitalopram for major depression in August 2002 and for generalized anxiety disorder in December 2003. On 23 May 2006, the FDA approved a generic version of escitalopram by Teva. On 14 July of that year, however, the U.S. District Court of Delaware decided in favor of Lundbeck regarding the patent infringement dispute and ruled the patent on escitalopram valid.


title: Escitalopram

text: In 2006, Forest Laboratories was granted an 828-day (2 years and 3 months) extension on its US patent for escitalopram. This pushed the patent expiration date from 7 December 2009, to 14 September 2011. Together with the 6-month pediatric exclusivity, the final expiration date was 14 March 2012.


title: Escitalopram

text: In 2004, separate civil suits alleging illegal marketing of citalopram and escitalopram for use by children and teenagers by Forest were initiated by two whistleblowers: a physician named Joseph Piacentile and a Forest salesman named Christopher Gobble. In February 2009, the suits were joined. Eleven states and the District of Columbia filed notices of intent to intervene as plaintiffs in the action.


title: Escitalopram

text: The suits alleged that Forest illegally engaged in off-label promotion of Lexapro for use in children; hid the results of a study showing lack of effectiveness in children; paid kickbacks to physicians to induce them to prescribe Lexapro to children; and conducted so-called "seeding studies" that were, in reality, marketing efforts to promote the drug's use by doctors. Forest denied the allegations but ultimately agreed to settle with the plaintiffs for over $313 million.


title: Escitalopram

text: Escitalopram is sold under many brand names worldwide such as Cipralex, Lexapro, Lexam, Mozarin, Aciprex, Depralin, Ecytara, Elicea, Nexpram, Nexito, Pramatis, and Betesda.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, (Henry William Frederick Albert; 31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974) was the third son and fourth child of King George V and Queen Mary. He served as Governor-General of Australia from 1945 to 1947, the only member of the British royal family to hold the post.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Henry was the first son of a British monarch to be educated at school, where he excelled at sports, and went on to attend Eton College, after which he was commissioned in the 10th Royal Hussars, a regiment he hoped to command. However, his military career was frequently interrupted by royal duties, and he was nicknamed "the unknown soldier". While big-game shooting in Kenya, he met the future pilot Beryl Markham, with whom he became romantically involved. The court put pressure on him to end the relationship, but he had to pay regular hush-money to avert a public scandal. In 1935, also under parental pressure, he married Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott, with whom he had two sons, Princes William and Richard.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: From 1939 to 1940, Henry served in France as a liaison officer to Lord Gort. He performed military and diplomatic duties during the rest of the war, then in 1945 was appointed as Australia's governor-general at the request of Prime Minister John Curtin. The post had originally been offered to his younger brother, the Duke of Kent, who died in an air crash. Henry attended the coronation of his niece Queen Elizabeth II in 1953 and carried out several overseas tours, often accompanied by his wife. From 1965, he became incapacitated by a number of strokes. Upon his death, he was succeeded as the Duke of Gloucester by his only living son, Richard.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Prince Henry was the last surviving child of King George V and Queen Mary. His widow, who died at the age of 102, became the longest-lived ever member of the British royal family.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Prince Henry was born on 31 March 1900, at York Cottage, on the Sandringham Estate during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria. His father was the Duke of York (later King George V), the only surviving son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). His mother was the Duchess of York (later Queen Mary), the only daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Teck. At the time of his birth, he was fifth in the line of succession to the throne, behind his grandfather, father and two elder brothers.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: He was baptised at the private chapel of Windsor Castle on 17 May 1900, by Randall Thomas Davidson, Bishop of Winchester, and his godparents were: Queen Victoria (his great-grandmother); the German Emperor (his first cousin once removed, for whom Prince Albert of Prussia stood proxy); Princess Henry of Battenberg (his paternal great-aunt); the Duchess of Cumberland and Teviotdale (his paternal great-aunt, whose sister, his grandmother the Princess of Wales represented her); Prince George of Greece and Denmark (his first cousin once removed, for whom Prince Henry's paternal grandfather the Prince of Wales stood proxy); Princess Carl of Denmark (his paternal aunt, for whom her sister Princess Victoria of Wales stood proxy); Prince Alexander of Teck (his maternal uncle, for whom Prince Henry's great-uncle the Duke of Cambridge stood proxy); and Field Marshal The Earl Roberts (for whom General Sir Dighton Probyn stood proxy). He was informally known to his family as "Harry".


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: As a young boy, Prince Henry suffered from ill health very much like his older brother Albert. He also had knocked knees, and had to wear painful leg splints. He was an extremely nervous child, and was often victim to spontaneous fits of crying or giggling, and also like his brother, Henry had a combination of speech disorders. They both had rhotacism, which prevented them from pronouncing the sound r, but while Albert's pronunciation was slightly reminiscent of the "French r", Henry was completely unable to pronounce it, causing the intended r to sound like [w]. On top of this, Henry also had a nasal lisp and an unusually high-pitched tone, resulting in a very distinctive voice.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: By 1909, Henry's poor health had become a serious concern for his parents. He was very small for his age and was prone to get very aggressive colds. "You must remember that he is rather fragile and must be treated differently to his two elder brothers who are more robust", wrote Prince George to Henry's tutor, Henry Peter Hansell.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: On 6 May 1910, Prince George ascended the throne as George V, and Henry became the third in line to the throne. The King was persuaded by Hansell that it would be good for Henry's character to attend school, where he could interact with boys his age. The King, having previously rejected this proposition for his two elder sons, agreed on the basis that it would help him "behave like a boy and not like a little child".


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Prince Henry thus became the first son of a British monarch to attend school. After three days at St Peter's Court in Broadstairs as a day boy, Hansell, noticing he liked it, asked the King to send him as a boarder, to which he agreed.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Henry spent three years at St Peter's Court. Academically, he was not very bright, although he did show a particular aptitude in mathematics. Henry's sole interest became sports, particularly cricket and football. "All you write about is your everlasting football of which I am heartily sick", wrote his mother, answering a fully detailed letter from Henry about a match.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: In September 1913, Henry started at Eton College. During the First World War, Crown Prince Leopold of Belgium, later Leopold III, was a member of his house (Mr Lubbock's). His studies did not improve, but his nerves and disposition did. He made friends through his enthusiasm for sports, and his masters were very pleased with him, noting in his report that he was "thoroughly willing, cheerful, modest & obedient". To his father, these values were the most important, having no time or interest in what he called "intellectuals".


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: By the time he went up to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1919 with his brother Albert, Henry had outgrown all his brothers, both in height and size, and enjoyed very good health. Their stay at Cambridge lasted just one year and was very uneventful for both of them, as they were not allowed to live in college with the other undergraduates, due to their father's fear of their mixing with undesirable company.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Unlike his brothers, Prince Henry joined the Army rather than the Royal Navy. He attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in 1919, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the King's Royal Rifle Corps on 16 July 1919. On 16 July 1921 he was promoted to lieutenant in the 10th Royal Hussars, with whom he continued to serve. Though he desired to serve in more active roles as a soldier, his position as a senior member of the royal family effectively ruled out any such options. He retained an interest in sport and "The Cricketer" reported in August 1921 that the touring Philadelphians had had the honour of being presented to Prince Henry at The Oval.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Prince Henry was promoted to captain on 11 May 1927, and was appointed a personal aide-de-camp to his father on 2 August 1929. On 3 March 1931, he was appointed a staff captain and was seconded for service with the 2nd Cavalry Brigade. He was brevetted to major on 2 August 1934, and upon his father's Silver Jubilee the following May, was appointed Colonel-in-Chief of the Gloucestershire Regiment. On 6 July 1935, he was promoted to the substantive rank of major, his final rank as an actively serving officer. On 23 June 1936, he was appointed a personal aide-de-camp to his eldest brother, Edward VIII.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Following his brother's abdication and the accession of his brother the Duke of York as George VI, Prince Henry was effectively retired from active duty, and received a ceremonial promotion to major-general on 1 January 1937, skipping three ranks. He continued to serve as a personal aide-de-camp to the new King, receiving this appointment on 1 February. On 12 March, he received the colonelcy of his former regiment, the 10th Royal Hussars, along with the colonelcies of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and the Gordon Highlanders. On 28 May, he received an honorary appointment as a captain in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), followed by his appointment on 10 November to the honorary colonelcies of the Ceylon Planters' Rifle Corps and the Ceylon Light Infantry (now the Sri Lanka Light Infantry).


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Following the outbreak of World War II, he joined the British Expeditionary Force, and was appointed as a Chief Liaison Officer on 4 September 1939. In January 1940, he was appointed to the colonelcies of the Ulster Anti-Aircraft Regiments, the Royal Artillery, and the Territorial Army. He was slightly wounded in 1940 when his staff car was attacked from the air. In August 1940, he was appointed Chief Liaison Officer, GHQ Home Forces. He also became second-in-command of the 20th Armoured Brigade that year, and was promoted to lieutenant-general on 17 September 1941. On 27 October 1944, he was promoted to the rank of full general.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: On 31 March 1928, his father created him Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster, and Baron Culloden, three titles that linked him with three parts of the United Kingdom, namely England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Prince Henry visited Canada in 1928.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Before his marriage, Prince Henry's greatest ambition was to someday command his regiment, the 10th Royal Hussars, or at least spend as much time in the army as possible. Although he was a capable soldier, as the King's son he was prevented from joining his regiment abroad, and this meant he was generally seen as an outsider to his fellow officers. To his increasing despair, he had to fulfill the many royal duties his father assigned him.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: In September 1928, Henry left England with his brother Edward, Prince of Wales, to shoot big game in Africa. The brothers parted in Nairobi, where Henry was to stay for a while. There, he was entertained by Mansfield Markham and his wife Beryl Markham. Beryl and Henry soon started an affair (though sources differ over when the affair started; many say it was not until her visit to England). In November, the brothers were recalled to England due to their father's worsening health, and soon after Beryl returned too. At the Grosvenor Hotel, close to Buckingham Palace, the affair continued with Prince Henry openly hosting parties with her in her suite and drinking too much.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: The affair, widely known by the London society, shocked the Queen, to the delight of the Prince of Wales who remarked that "for once, Queen Mary's blue-eyed boy was in trouble instead of himself". The King stepped in, thinking that keeping Henry busy would be the best way to end the affair, as would keeping him from drinking too much, too often. That year, he arranged a series of tours for his son to undertake.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: In 1929, he went to Japan to confer the Garter on the Emperor, and a year later he attended the coronation of Haile Selassie of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa. In 1934 George V made him a Knight of St Patrick, Ireland's chivalric order. It was the second to last time this order was awarded (the last appointment being the Duke of York, later George VI, in 1936); at the time of his death, the Duke of Gloucester was the only remaining knight. In 1934, he went to Australia and New Zealand where the people received him with overwhelming enthusiasm that one journalist wrote, "(amounted) to something very near adoration".


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: When he returned from his trip to Japan in 1929, the affair with Markham ended. Her husband wanted a divorce and threatened to disclose Prince Henry's private letters to his wife if he did not "take care of Beryl". The Duke and Beryl never met again, although she did write to him when he visited Kenya in 1950 with his wife, but he did not write back. Prince Henry's solicitors paid out an annuity until her death in 1985.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: After his tour of Australia and New Zealand, and pressured by his parents, Prince Henry decided it was time to settle down and proposed to Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott, sister of one of Henry's best friends Lord William Montagu Douglas Scott. The proposal, wrote Lady Alice many years later, was not at all romantic as "it was not his way", instead he just "mumbled it as we were on a walk one day".


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: They were married on 6 November 1935. The marriage was originally planned to take place at Westminster Abbey, but was moved to the more modest Private Chapel at Buckingham Palace due to the death of Lady Alice's father, on 19 October 1935, barely a fortnight before the wedding. After suffering two miscarriages, the Duchess of Gloucester gave birth to two sons:


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: The couple lived first at the Royal Pavilion in Aldershot, near the barracks of the Duke's regiment. "It was a very simple cabin" recalled the Duchess of Gloucester, and "the only royal thing about it was my husband's presence". After his father's death, the Duke bought Barnwell Manor in 1938. As their London seat, they were given York House in St James's Palace.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: In December 1936, Henry's brother Edward VIII abdicated the throne to marry divorcée Wallis Simpson. His brother, Prince Albert, ascended the throne as King George VI. Although third in line to the throne, following his two nieces Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, Henry became the first adult in line, meaning he would act as regent if anything were to happen to the King before Princess Elizabeth came of age on 21 April 1944, her 18th birthday. Because of this, Prince Henry could not leave the UK at the same time as the King. Furthermore, he and his younger brother, the Duke of Kent, had to increase their royal engagements considerably to support the new King.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Edward VIII, who became Duke of Windsor after abdicating, recalled that it was Henry who reacted least to the news of his abdication. The brothers had never been close and, apart from horses, they had not much in common. But Edward did admit regretting the implications the abdication would have on "The Unknown Soldier", a nickname he teasingly used to refer to Henry, owing to his low profile.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: The abrupt change in Prince Henry's somewhat carefree life up to that point was made clear by the new King on the very first evening of his reign. "If you two think that, now that I have taken this new job on, you can go on behaving just as you like, in the same old way, you are very much mistaken! You two have to pull yourselves together", the King warned his two younger brothers at dinner.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Although the Duke of Gloucester supported his brother, and later his niece, tirelessly and dutifully, he had a fondness for whisky. On one occasion, Queen Mary wrote to the Duchess suggesting that if they were planning to visit, the Duke should bring his own supply of whisky, "as we have not got much left, and it is so expensive". Even Noble Frankland, who wrote the Duke's biography after his death at the request and under the supervision of the Duchess, wrote that: "He did not eschew a glass of whisky ... or the occasional blasphemous oath."


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: King George VI had great affection for his younger brother. Circumstances had made them closer following the abdication, and the King trusted Prince Henry with important matters, which he dutifully undertook. Sometimes, though, the organised King found his brother's less systematic manner irritating. On one occasion after a day of shooting at Balmoral Castle, the King found a mistake on his shot-game record, where there seemed to be a pair of grouse missing. A member of staff suggested that the King call and ask the Duke of Gloucester, who was staying at Birkhall. When the Duke confirmed he had taken the birds, the King's gruff warning to his brother that he should never again take birds without telling him surprised the member of staff.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: After the outbreak of World War II, the Duke of Gloucester, as Chief Liaison Officer to Lord Gort, spent almost the entire first year of the war in France. Besides boosting the troops' morale, he was useful as a first-hand witness of the situation; he reported to government officials and to the King, to whom he continually wrote detailed and objective accounts of what was happening. Always eager to get involved, the Duke often found himself in dangerous situations, but did not seem overly worried. "Motoring about is not nice as many villages are being bombed", he wrote to his wife in his usual straightforward and dismissive manner. The Duke's two narrowest escapes both came in May 1940.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Having known King Leopold III of Belgium from school days, the Duke wanted to meet him personally to offer support after rumours began circulating that Belgium would surrender to Germany. On 14 May, he and his brother-in-law, Lord William Scott, drove from Hotel Univers in Arras into Belgium to see the King of the Belgians at a secret location. That night, Hotel Univers was bombed, resulting in several deaths, including those staying in the rooms next to the Duke's. The Duke wrote to his brother that King Leopold was "very depressed". As the Duke and Lord William Scott drove back, they were caught up in heavy enemy bombing in Tournai, where their car caught fire. They managed to get out and dive into an alleyway, although not unscathed as the Duke needed medical attention for a profusely bleeding wound.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Although generally optimistic, Prince Henry did sometimes suffer from bouts of depression during his service in 1940, especially at the end of his occasional leaves. "My beloved Alice, I did hate leaving you yesterday so very much that I could hardly keep a straight face", he wrote to his wife after reporting back. The strains of living at the French front also diminished his resolve at times: "I think I hate this country and war more than ever... it is such an awful waste of everything", he told the Duchess.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: In June, after the fall of Dunkirk, the Duke was ordered back to England by an embarrassed General Headquarters, which had not been able to assure the King's brother's safety. "Wherever I went or had been, I was bombed", the Duke explained to his mother, amused.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: In early 1942 the King arranged a four-month-long military and diplomatic mission for the Duke to the Middle East, India, and East Africa. The mission came just after Prince Henry had become a father for the first time, and it was considered a dangerous trip, as the Germans were rapidly advancing toward some of the territories the Duke would visit. The King even wrote to his sister-in-law that he would act as guardian of the newly born Prince William if anything should happen to his brother.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: After Prince Henry's younger brother, the Duke of Kent, died in a plane crash in Scotland in August 1942, it was decided that the Duke of Gloucester would not be sent on any further missions that could prove dangerous.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: In late 1944 the Duke was unexpectedly appointed Governor-General of Australia after the death in 1942 of his younger brother, the Duke of Kent, who had previously been offered the position.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: The Duke had made a successful visit to Australia in 1934. Because the Duke was shy, he sometimes appeared stiff and formal, but he and the Duchess travelled widely in Australia using his own plane during their time in office. When Prime Minister Curtin died in 1945, the Duke appointed Frank Forde as prime minister.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: Gloucester left Australia in March 1947, after two years in the post, due to the need to act as Senior Counsellor of State during a visit by George VI and Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret to South Africa. As a parting gift, he left his own plane for use by the government and people of Australia.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: In May 1949, May 1961, May 1962, and May 1963, the Duke served in the office of Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which temporarily afforded him precedence in Scotland immediately below the King and Queen.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: The Duke attended the coronation of his niece Elizabeth II in 1953. Both the Duke and Duchess carried out royal engagements, including several overseas tours. In 1954 the Duke served as the Treasurer of the Honourable Society of Gray's Inn. He suffered a series of strokes in later years; his first was in 1965 while he and his wife, Alice, were returning from Sir Winston Churchill's funeral ceremony in their vehicle, which resulted in a car crash. This, together with later strokes, left him dependent on a wheelchair, and he was unable to speak in his last remaining years. His last public appearance was at the unveiling of Queen Mary's plaque at Marlborough House in 1967, where he appeared weak and considerably older than the Duke of Windsor. In 1972, he was too ill to attend the funeral of the Duke of Windsor in May, or the wedding of his younger son, Prince Richard, in July. In August, the Duke's elder son, Prince William, died in a plane crash; by that point, he was in such poor health that his wife hesitated about whether to tell him. She later wrote in her memoirs that she did not, but that he may have learned of their son's death from television coverage.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: He died on 10 June 1974 at the age of 74. He was the last surviving child of King George V and Queen Mary. His body was buried in the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: His will was sealed in London after his death in 1981. His estate was valued at £734,262 (or £5.6 million in 2022 when adjusted for inflation).


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: His second, and only living, son, Prince Richard, inherited the title of Duke of Gloucester. The Duke's widow, Alice, received permission from Queen Elizabeth II to be styled "Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester", to distinguish herself from Prince Richard's wife. She outlived her husband by 30 years until her death on 29 October 2004, becoming the longest-lived member of the British royal family in history.


title: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

text: In 1921, Prince Henry was granted a personal coat of arms, being the royal arms, differenced by a label argent of three points, the centre bearing a lion rampant gules, and the outer points crosses gules.


title: Jackson family

text: The Jackson family is an American family of musicians and entertainers from Gary, Indiana. Many of the children of Joseph Walter (or Joe) and Katherine Esther Jackson were successful musicians, notably the brothers that formed the Motown boy band the Jackson 5 (later known as the Jacksons). Several of the siblings also had successful solo careers. Joe worked as their manager. The Jackson family, both as a musical group and as solo artists, have achieved success in the field of popular music from the late 1960s and onward. They are sometimes called the "First Family of Soul" (a title first bestowed on the Five Stairsteps), the "Imperial Family of Pop", or the "Royal Family of Pop", especially following the success of Michael and Janet Jackson, the former of whom is frequently dubbed the "King of Pop".


title: Jackson family

text: The Jackson 5 originally consisted of Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Michael. In 1975, Randy replaced Jermaine. Regarded as the most popular members of the family are Michael and Janet, both of whom have had highly distinguished solo careers and are often hailed as two of the most influential pop and R&B artists in history. All nine of the Jackson siblings have gold records to their credits with La Toya holding the distinction of being the first Jackson sister to attain one (awarded by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique for "Reggae Night", which she co-wrote for Jimmy Cliff). Janet is the first black female to receive the "Billboard" Icon Award.


title: Jackson family

text: The Jacksons are one of the most influential families in music history. In 1997, the Jackson 5 was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Michael was inducted as a solo artist in 2001, making him one of the few who have been inducted twice. Joining her brothers, Janet was inducted in 2019. Michael, Janet, and the Jacksons were awarded stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1980, 1984 and 1990, respectively. In 2009, a television series entitled "" premiered on A&E, documenting the Jackson brothers dealing with the sudden loss of Michael and preparing for a Jackson 5 reunion tour.


title: Jackson family

text: Joseph Walter Jackson was born on July 26, 1928, in Arkansas, but he grew up in Oakland, California, with his father Samuel Jackson, a school teacher. At age 18, he moved to East Chicago, Indiana, to be with his mother Crystal Lee King and to pursue his dreams of becoming a professional boxer. At age 21, Joseph married Katherine Scruse, 19, immediately starting a family. Even though he wanted to be a success in boxing it was not a job for a family man, so he obtained a job as an overhead crane operator with East Chicago's Inland Steel Company. His family continued to grow steadily and over the course of sixteen years he and Katherine had a house full of nine children. Joe Jackson always wanted to make it big and although he could not in boxing or in his own short musical stint in the 1950s with the band the Falcons, he saw the talent in his children, starting with Tito and his ability to play the guitar.


title: Jackson family

text: Soon enough Joe Jackson formed a band of his sons Tito, Jermaine and Jackie called The Jackson Brothers in 1964 and became their manager. After several years of doing local talent shows, Joseph enlarged the band to include Marlon and Michael, two of his younger sons, and then changed the name of the band to The Jackson Five by 1966, remaining the group's manager. As their father he was a very strict disciplinarian and as their manager he enforced long practice sessions of singing and dancing in hopes of preparing them to make it big one day. In August 1967, the group made a debut at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York, where they won the Amateur Night contest. Gordon Keith, the owner and producer at Steeltown Records in Gary, Indiana, discovered the "Jackson Five" and signed them to their first contract in November 1967. "Big Boy", the boys' first record which was produced by Keith, was released on January 30, 1968. It became a local hit. In March 1969, they signed a Motown record contract and became known as the "Jackson 5". The group enjoyed the fame Joseph Jackson had been longing for in his life. He continued to manage The Jackson 5 into stardom and after the band had many No. 1 hits on the "Billboard" hot singles charts; Joseph moved them to a mansion in Encino, California, with his own hefty salary he had obtained as their full-time manager. After many years as a band and with Michael as lead singer, the group continued to churn out even more hits and wealth, but tensions grew and in 1979, Michael severed ties with his father/manager and went on to pursue an international solo musical entertainment career. Four years later, in 1983, Michael's siblings fired Joseph Jackson as their manager. In 1993, Michael Jackson accused his father of physical and mental abuse; a few of the other siblings confirmed this claim, but others denied it.


title: Jackson family

text: Katherine Jackson (née Kattie B. Scruse) was born on May 4, 1930, in Barbour County, Alabama, the child of Prince Albert Scruse (1907–1997) and Martha Mattie Upshaw (1907–1990). She was left with a permanent limp after acquiring polio syndrome in her childhood. She later recovered from her illness after moving with her family to East Chicago, Indiana, where she would remain until meeting her husband Joseph Jackson. The couple moved and bought a small home in Gary, Indiana, where they birthed and raised nine children and she was a stay-at-home mother. Throughout her life, Katherine remained a devoted Jehovah's Witness and raised her children strictly under the same spiritual teachings she received. Also, as a talented pianist and vocalist who shared her talents with her children, she was later credited for being the foundation of her children's success. After her sons' rise to fame as The Jackson 5, she strongly supported her children and became the costume designer for their shows and performances. Some of the memorable moments of her unconditional support were seen when her son Michael was tried and later acquitted for molestation charges in 1993 and 2005. Katherine now lives in Calabasas, California where she cares for the children of her late son, Michael. After allegations that she may have been held against her will by Randy and Janet Jackson, Katherine lost custody of Michael's children, ultimately regaining it in 2012.


title: Jackson family

text: Together, Joe and Katherine Jackson had ten children. Their son Brandon (Marlon's twin) died shortly after birth. The other nine grew up to become professional musicians, among other professions.


title: Jackson family

text: There are twenty-seven children who make up the third generation of the Jackson family along with several great-grandchildren. Among them, some have followed in the family's footsteps into the entertainment industry.


title: Jackson family

text: The three children of Michael Jackson are probably the most well-known of the third generation. Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr. (b. February 13, 1997), also known as "Prince", Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson (b. April 3, 1998) and Prince Michael Jackson II, also known as "Blanket", and now called "Bigi" (b. February 21, 2002), have been discussed in the press numerous times throughout their lives, particularly since their father's death in 2009.


title: Jackson family

text: Rebbie, Tito, Jackie and Jermaine have also had children, who have come under varying degrees of media focus. Austin Brown (b. November 22, 1985), the only son of Rebbie Jackson, is a singer-songwriter who has released several successful singles in the pop/R&B genre. Tito Jackson's three sons, Toriano Adaryll "Taj" Jackson (b. August 4, 1973), Taryll Adren Jackson (b. August 8, 1975) and Tito Joe Jackson (b. July 16, 1978) make up the R&B/pop music group 3T. 3T has released three studio albums and has gone on to have moderate success in the industry, primarily outside of the United States. Sigmund Esco "Siggy" Jackson, Jr. (b. June 29, 1977), the eldest son to Jackie Jackson, is a hip-hop artist who goes under the name "Dealz". Siggy has been a ghostwriter for a number of independent artists and has obtained mild success as a solo artist. Jermaine La Jaune "Jay" Jackson, Jr. (b. January 27, 1977), the eldest son to Jermaine Jackson, portrayed his father in the 1992 miniseries, "", a biographical film about the Jackson family. On January 3, 2017, at age 50, Janet gave birth to Eissa Al Mana, the newest member of the Jackson family.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo is a historical fiction novel by American author Taylor Jenkins Reid and published by Atria Books in 2017. The novel tells the story of the fictional Old Hollywood star Evelyn Hugo, who at age 79 gives a final interview to an unknown journalist, Monique Grant.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: Monique Grant, a reporter for "Vivant" magazine, has been selected to interview Evelyn Hugo, a reclusive former star, who is auctioning some of her famous gowns to raise money for a breast cancer charity. Monique is confused about why Evelyn has chosen her, but goes to Evelyn's apartment to meet her. Evelyn reveals she has no interest in giving an interview for "Vivant" but instead wants Monique to write her life story, and Monique agrees, though she is suspicious.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: Evelyn meets her first husband, Ernie Diaz, at 14. She then marries him in order to reach Hollywood and escape her abusive father in Hell's Kitchen. She is noticed by Harry Cameron, a young Sunset Studios producer, and the two become close friends. Evelyn seduces a Sunset executive in order to advance her career and divorces Ernie when the studio sets her up with popular actors for publicity. She falls in love with and marries actor Don Adler, but in the following months, Don begins to abuse Evelyn when pressure is placed on his career.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: In an adaptation of "Little Women", Evelyn, now 21, stars opposite Celia St. James. Evelyn is initially jealous of Celia's talent, but the two quickly form a bond. At a party, Evelyn is told that Celia is a lesbian. Evelyn privately confronts Celia to ask if this is true, and the two kiss. Evelyn discovers that Don has been cheating on her, but he divorces her first and sabotages her career. To revive her popularity, Evelyn goes to Paris and stars in a racy film by French director Max Girard. Rumors have begun to spread about Evelyn and Celia's relationship, so Evelyn creates a plan to distract the press. She seduces and elopes with singer Mick Riva, then has the marriage annulled the next day. The plan works, but Evelyn is pregnant. She gets an abortion, but Celia is furious and leaves her. They do not speak for five years.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: After starring in an adaptation of "Anna Karenina", Evelyn marries her co-star, Rex North, to generate publicity. They stay married for a few years, but after Rex impregnates his girlfriend, Evelyn spins a story that she and Harry Cameron were having an affair. In reality, Harry is secretly dating quarterback John Braverman, who is married to Celia. Evelyn and Celia reunite. Evelyn marries Harry, and they live closely with Celia and John, posing as two heterosexual couples. After several idyllic years, Harry suggests that he and Evelyn have a child, and Evelyn agrees. With Celia's blessing, they have a daughter named Connor.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: In her late 30s, Evelyn stars in another Max Girard movie, in which she agrees to an explicit sex scene. She realizes afterward that she should have asked Celia's permission. Celia leaves Evelyn again. John Braverman dies of a heart attack, and Harry begins drinking excessively. Evelyn agrees to marry Max Girard, but quickly discovers that he does not truly love her as a person, but as the sex symbol she had become. She stays married to him for six years before reuniting with Celia. Celia has emphysema and less than ten years to live. Evelyn finds Harry and a dead passenger in a car accident outside his house. Evelyn moves the passenger, Harry's lover, into the driver's seat to protect Harry from being convicted of drunk driving. Harry dies in the hospital.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: Evelyn, Celia, and Connor move to Spain, along with Celia's brother Robert, whom Evelyn marries as a front so she will be able to inherit Celia's estate when she dies. Celia dies when she is 61, and Robert several years after that. Evelyn explains to Monique that Connor died of breast cancer, which Evelyn has also been diagnosed with. Evelyn reveals that Monique's father, James Grant, was the passenger in Harry's car. By removing Harry from the scene, Evelyn allowed Monique and her mother to believe that James had died driving drunk. Monique is furious and leaves, but realizes that Evelyn has told her all this because she intends to end her life. She considers calling authorities, but decides that it should be Evelyn's choice if she wants to die. She realizes that she will forgive Evelyn one day. Evelyn's death is reported as an accidental overdose, and Monique publishes the introduction for her biography in "Vivant", finally disclosing that the true love of Evelyn's life was none of her husbands, but Celia St. James.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: Reid released the book cover and an excerpt of the book in "Entertainment Weekly" on December 6, 2016.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: According to Reid, Evelyn is loosely based in part on actresses Elizabeth Taylor, who was married eight times to seven different men, and Ava Gardner, who revealed the secrets of her life to a journalist, who published them in "". Reid has also said Rita Hayworth was an influence on Evelyn. Hayworth, whose father was a Spaniard, had a very similar start to Evelyn's and multiple relationships throughout her career. Other influences included "Tab Hunter Confidential: The Making of a Movie Star", an autobiography by Tab Hunter that describes what life was like for the LGBTQ+ community in Hollywood at the time, and "Scandals of Classic Hollywood" by Anne Helen Petersen.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: "The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo" was released in hardcover on June 1, 2017, by Atria Publishing Group. By June 13, the novel was released in paperback, Audible audio, and Kindle edition. "The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo" was also translated for print into Spanish, Portuguese, Polish, Lithuanian, Swedish, Croatian, French, Slovak, Hungarian, German, Dutch, and Italian.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: In 2019, Freeform and Fox 21 Television Studios picked up the rights for development. Jennifer Beals and Ilene Chaiken, who worked on "The L Word", were to produce the show. Reid was to work on the show as a screenwriter. In June 2021, Reid confirmed in an interview that the rights were no longer owned by Freeform and would be produced on another platform. She said she felt "really good with the direction that it's going in".


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: On March 24, 2022, it was announced that Netflix will be adapting the novel into a feature film with Liz Tigelaar writing and Margaret Chernin executive producing.


title: The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

text: The novel received positive reviews. "The Globe and Mail" called it "a cinematic tale with hardscrabble roots, staggering highs and sickening lows." The novel was nominated for a Goodreads Choice Award for Best Historical Fiction of 2017, and a finalist for Book of the Month's Book of the Year award in 2017.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: Michelle Trachtenberg (; born October 11, 1985) is an American actress and model. Trachtenberg began her career at age three, appearing in a number of commercials, films, and television series as a child. Her starring role on the Nickelodeon television series "The Adventures of Pete & Pete" (1994–1996) as Nona Mecklenberg was also her first credited role. She starred in the Nickelodeon Movies comedy film "Harriet the Spy" (1996) as the film's eponymous character and in the CBS sitcom "Meego" (1997) as Maggie, both of which she won two Young Artist Awards for.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: Trachtenberg found further success on the WB supernatural drama television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" (2000–2003) as Dawn Summers, the younger sister of the show's eponymous protagonist, a role which won her another Young Artist Award and earned her three Saturn Award nominations. She also earned a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for her role as the host of the Discovery Kids series "Truth or Scare" (2001–2003). During the mid-2000s, she had starring roles in the films "EuroTrip" (2004) and "Ice Princess" (2005) and supporting roles in the films "Mysterious Skin" (2004) and "Black Christmas" (2006). In the late 2000s and early 2010s, her recurring role on the CW teen drama television series "Gossip Girl" (2008–2012) as socialite Georgina Sparks earned her further popularity, and she also starred on the NBC television series "Mercy" (2009–2010) as Chloe Payne.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: In the 2010s, Trachtenberg starred in several television films, including "Killing Kennedy" (2013) and "Sister Cities" (2015), and in the science fiction film "The Scribbler" (2014). She provided the lead voice of Judy in the Facebook Watch adult animated web series "Human Kind Of" (2018), and executive produced the teen drama web series "Guidance" (2015–2017) and the Tubi true crime television series "Meet, Marry, Murder" (2021–present), the latter of which she hosts as of 2022.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: Trachtenberg was born on October 11, 1985 in New York City, the younger of two daughters of Michael, a fiber optics engineer, and Lana, a bank manager. Jewish immigrants from Russia and Germany, respectively. Trachtenberg's grandparents reside in Israel, but she celebrates Christmas and "all" religions, having gone to a Catholic high school because, she said, tuition was cheaper than the Jewish one.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: She was raised with her older sister, Irene, in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, where she attended junior high school at The Bay Academy for the Arts and Sciences. She later attended Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, California. She is fluent in Russian.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: Trachtenberg made her first television appearance at the age of three, in a commercial for Wisk detergent. She went on to feature in over 100 more commercials. Her first television role was in the second season of "Law & Order"; her first credited role was as Nona F. Mecklenberg on the Nickelodeon series "The Adventures of Pete & Pete" from 1994 until 1996. During the same period she played Lily Montgomery on the soap opera "All My Children".


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: Trachtenberg's film career began in 1996 with the title role in "Harriet the Spy", for which she had to leave "The Adventures of Pete & Pete" while its third season was running. She then starred in the short-lived television series "Meego", which garnered her a Young Artist Award. She returned to film in 1999 for "Inspector Gadget". She also starred in the film "Can't Be Heaven". In the summer of 2000, she took on the role of Dawn Summers in "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", remaining in the role until the show ended in 2003. She also hosted the Discovery Kids series "Truth or Scare" from 2001 to 2003.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: After "Buffy" and "Truth or Scare", Trachtenberg appeared in the comedy film "EuroTrip". She also had a recurring role in the HBO series "Six Feet Under", as Celeste, a spoiled pop star for whom Keith Charles served as a bodyguard. In March 2005, she starred in Walt Disney Pictures' comedy sports drama film "Ice Princess" as Casey Carlyle, a science whiz, who is torn between a future in academia and her newfound dream of being a professional figure skater.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: In 2004, Trachtenberg played Wendy in Gregg Araki's film adaptation of Scott Heim's novel, "Mysterious Skin". Wendy is the best friend of Neil (Joseph Gordon Levitt), a teenage hustler in small-town Kansas. The film debuted at the 2004 Venice Film Festival.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: In April 2006, Trachtenberg guest-starred in the episode of "House", "Safe". She revealed on the December 22, 2006, episode of "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" that "House" was her favorite show, and that she was friends with one of the producers and had asked to be a guest star.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: In November 2006, Trachtenberg guest starred in season six of the crime drama "". In the episode "", she played the role of Willow, a kidnapped video blogger, likely based on lonelygirl15. Trachtenberg also appeared in the Fall Out Boy music video for "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race", the Joaquin Phoenix-directed music video for "Tired of Being Sorry" by Ringside, and the video for the Trapt song "Echo".


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: In 2006, Trachtenberg starred in "Black Christmas", the remake of the 1974 slasher of the same name. In 2007, she was cast as the female lead in an ABC comedy pilot called "The Hill", based on the newspaper of the same name in Washington, D.C.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: Trachtenberg provided the voice of Tika Waylan for "", a direct-to-video animated film based on the novel of the same name. She appeared on The CW hit show "Gossip Girl", as Georgina Sparks, who recently left rehab and brings back the dark past Serena van der Woodsen desperately wants to leave behind. She returned to the show for a multiple-episode story arc towards the end of season two. Trachtenberg appeared in the season-three finale and in season four. She also appeared several times in season five, and in almost every episode of season six, the show's final season. In 2009, Trachtenberg was a cast member on the NBC drama "Mercy"; the series lasted one season. She returned to film with the 2009 film "17 Again". She also had a small role in the comedy film "Cop Out".


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: On June 9, 2011, Trachtenberg guest starred on "Love Bites", as Jodie, who, after being unceremoniously dumped, decides – with a vengeance – to accept her ex's offer to "be friends". She reprised the role on June 16, 2011, and in the series finale on July 21, 2011. In the same year, Trachtenberg was a guest star on "Weeds" during its seventh season, portraying Emma, a rival pot dealer who causes problems for Silas Botwin. In June 2012, Trachtenberg was cast in the film "The Scribbler", produced by Gabriel Cowan.


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: In the "Criminal Minds" episode "Zugzwang", Trachtenberg played Diane Turner, the criminal stalker to Spencer Reid's girlfriend, Maeve Donovan. In March 2011, she was the featured cover girl in "Maxim".


title: Michelle Trachtenberg

text: In late 2015, Trachtenberg starred in the online series "Guidance" as Anna, the high school guidance counselor.


title: Fred Savage

text: Frederick Aaron Savage (born July 9, 1976) is an American actor and director. He is known for his role as Kevin Arnold in the American television series "The Wonder Years" (1988 to 1993). He has earned several awards and nominations, such as People's Choice Awards and Young Artist Awards. He is also known for playing the Grandson in "The Princess Bride", and voiced the title protagonist in "Oswald". Savage has worked as a director, and in 2005 later starred in the television sitcom "Crumbs". Savage returned to acting in the television series "The Grinder", as well as the Netflix series "Friends from College".


title: Fred Savage

text: Savage was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Joanne and Lewis Savage, who was an industrial real estate broker and consultant. Savage grew up in Glencoe, Illinois, before moving to California. His younger brother is actor Ben Savage and his younger sister is actress/musician Kala Savage. His grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Poland, Ukraine, Germany and Latvia. He was raised as a Reform Jew.


title: Fred Savage

text: Savage was educated at Brentwood School, a private co-educational day school in Brentwood, in the Westside area of Los Angeles County in California. He graduated from Stanford University in 1999, with a bachelor's degree in English and as a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.


title: Fred Savage

text: Savage's first screen performance was in the television show "Morningstar/Eveningstar", at the age of nine. He then appeared onscreen in "The Boy Who Could Fly", "Dinosaurs!", and several television shows, including "The Twilight Zone" and "Crime Story" before gaining national attention as the grandson in the 1987 film "The Princess Bride" opposite Peter Falk.


title: Fred Savage

text: In 1988, Savage appeared as Kevin Arnold on "The Wonder Years", the role for which he is best known, and for which he received two Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy nominations for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. At the age of thirteen, he was the youngest actor ever to receive these honors. He remained on the show until it ended in 1993. During this period, he appeared in several films, most notably "Vice Versa" (1988), and also starred in "Little Monsters". After "The Wonder Years" ended, Savage returned to high school at age 17, and later attended Stanford. His first television role after high school was the NBC sitcom "Working", which Savage starred in for its two-season run. Savage also had a series of guest and supporting roles in the late 1990s and the 2000s such as on the show "Boy Meets World" (which starred his younger brother Ben Savage) and in the film "Austin Powers in Goldmember" as The Mole.


title: Fred Savage

text: Savage has lent his voice to several animated projects, including "Family Guy", "Kim Possible", "Justice League Unlimited", "Oswald", and "Holidaze: The Christmas That Almost Didn't Happen". His two lead roles since "The Wonder Years" were on the short-lived sitcoms "Working" and "Crumbs". He appeared as a serial rapist on a 2003 episode of "" and as a womanizing professor on "Boy Meets World". He ranked at #27 on VH1's "100 Greatest Kid Stars".


title: Fred Savage

text: In 2015, Savage returned to acting with the Fox series "The Grinder". Producer Nick Stoller approached Savage about playing the role of Stewart on "The Grinder". Savage was uninterested at first, but agreed to meet with the producers of the series because his children attended school with Stoller's children. Savage eventually agreed to take on the role. "The Grinder" was canceled by Fox on May 16, 2016.


title: Fred Savage

text: In 2017, he joined the cast of the Netflix series "Friends from College" as Max Adler, a gay literary agent.


title: Fred Savage

text: In 1999, Savage began his directing career in which he helmed episodes of over a dozen television series. Savage's first directing credit was on the short-lived NBC sitcom "Working" which also starred Savage. Following "Working", Savage began observing production on the Disney Channel show "Even Stevens" to further learn the craft of directing. Savage also learned by shadowing Amy Sherman-Palladino, Todd Holland, and James Burrows.


title: Fred Savage

text: His credits include "Boy Meets World", "Drake & Josh" and "Ned's Declassified" for Nickelodeon, as well as "That's So Raven", "Hannah Montana", and "Wizards of Waverly Place" for Disney Channel. Additionally, Savage has directed for prime-time network sitcoms including "Modern Family" and "2 Broke Girls".


title: Fred Savage

text: Besides directing several episodes, Savage co-produced the Disney Channel Original Series "Phil of the Future". In 2007, he was nominated for a Directors Guild award for the "Phil" episode "Not-So-Great-Great Grandpa".


title: Fred Savage

text: Savage has served as a producer for several episodes of "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia", "Friends with Benefits", "Party Down", "Phil of the Future", "The Crazy Ones", and "Happy Endings".


title: Fred Savage

text: In 2007, he made his feature film directing debut with the film "Daddy Day Camp" for which he was nominated worst director for the Golden Raspberry Awards.


title: Fred Savage

text: In 1993, Savage, then 16, and his "Wonder Years" co-star Jason Hervey were accused of sexual harassment in a lawsuit filed by the show's former costume designer. Monique Long alleged the young actors “verbally and physically harassed her daily,” with her complaints over their behavior ignored by the show's staff. That lawsuit was also settled out of court. Actress Alley Mills, who played Arnold family matriarch Norma on the show, called those allegations against Savage "completely ridiculous" in a 2018 interview with "Yahoo! Entertainment", claiming the lawsuit prompted "The Wonder Years"’ cancellation after six seasons. "I just thought this was a joke. You know, they bought her off, which really made me mad," she said of network executives’ decision to settle with Long. "They wanted to avoid a scandal or something, but it made them look guilty. You know, you don’t pay someone off when there was no crime, you just fire the girl." A state welfare worker, who was required to be with Fred Savage at all times under California Labor Law, dismissed the allegations, saying “It’s absurd. If Fred said anything, 20 people would have heard it — he was miked most of the time.”


title: Fred Savage

text: In March 2018, a costume designer on "The Grinder" accused Savage of assault and intimidation and filed a complaint in Los Angeles Superior Court alleging crimes including assault, battery, and gender discrimination. Savage denied the allegations. Fox later stated that an investigation cleared the actor of any wrongdoing.


title: Fred Savage

text: On May 6, 2022, Savage was fired as executive producer and director of "The Wonder Years" reboot after an investigation into alleged inappropriate conduct.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: Rebekah Victoria Neumann (née Paltrow; born February 26, 1978) is an American businesswoman. Until September 22, 2019, she served as chief brand and impact officer at WeWork, a company founded by her husband, Adam Neumann, and oversaw its education program WeGrow.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: Neumann, the daughter of Evelyn and Bob Paltrow, grew up in Bedford, New York, and attended the Horace Mann School. Her father had a direct mail business and spent a number of years in prison for tax evasion.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: She went on to study business and Buddhism at Cornell University. She later became a certified Jivamukti yoga instructor. She received her yoga instructor certification from the Omega Institute for Holistic Studies. She is a cousin of actress Gwyneth Paltrow. Neumann is of Jewish descent and practices the faith. She previously went by the nickname Rebi.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: After graduating from college, Neumann entered Salomon Smith Barney's Sales and Trading Program, now known as Morgan Stanley Wealth Management. In the early 2010s, she acted and produced some short films using the screen name Rebekah Keith.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: In 2010, her husband, Adam Neumann, and Miguel McKelvey co-founded WeWork. In 2019 Rebekah Neumann began calling herself a cofounder of WeWork.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: According to Vanity Fair at WeWork "she has been known to have people fired, such as a mechanic for WeWork’s Gulfstream jet, within minutes of meeting them because she didn’t like their energy." In September 2019, after an attempt to take the company public revealed deepening financial issues, it was announced that Rebekah Neumann would step down as CEO of WeGrow and relinquish her role in The We Company. Rebekah Neumann played a key role in the collapse of the IPO having contributed New Age language in the filing which as a result "read like a novel written by someone who was 'shrooming", according to Scott Galloway.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: In October 2019, it was announced that the WeGrow school would close at the end of the academic year.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: Since the collapse of WeWork and associated companies it has been discovered that Rebekah Neumann played a key role in WeWork’s downfall.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: Rebekah and Israeli entrepreneur Adam Neumann met in New York and married in 2008. They have six children.


title: Rebekah Neumann

text: Neumann has come under criticism for endorsing pseudosciencific beliefs, such as the idea that meat has emotional memory that can be passed on through consumption.


title: Anna Friel

text: Anna Louise Friel (born 12 July 1976) is an English actress. Born in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, she has been acting professionally since age 13. Friel achieved fame with her portrayal of Beth Jordache on the British soap opera "Brookside" (1993–1995), and came to international prominence when she played Charlotte "Chuck" Charles on ABC's "Pushing Daisies" (2007–2009). She is the recipient of several accolades, including an International Emmy Award, a Drama Desk Award, a National Television Award, an RTS Award, and an honorary degree, as well as nominations for BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, Satellite Award, Saturn Award, Genie Award and Czech Lion Award.


title: Anna Friel

text: Friel made her film debut in "The Land Girls" (1998). She has since appeared in various features, such as "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "Rogue Trader" (both 1999), "Sunset Strip" (2000), "Me Without You" (2001), "Timeline" (2003), "Goal!" (2005) and its (2007), "Bathory" (2008), "Land of the Lost" (2009), "London Boulevard", "You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger" (both 2010), "Limitless" (2011), "The Look of Love" (2013), "The Cleanse", "I.T." (both 2016), and "Books of Blood" (2020).


title: Anna Friel

text: Outside film, Friel has starred in numerous British and American television series, such as "The Jury" (2004), "Odyssey" (2015), "The Girlfriend Experience" (2017), "Butterfly" (2018), and "Marcella" (2016–2020). Her stage work includes Patrick Marber's "Closer" (Broadway, 1999), and West End productions of "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (2009) and "Uncle Vanya" (2012).


title: Anna Friel

text: Anna Louise Friel was born on 12 July 1976 in Rochdale, Greater Manchester. Her mother Julie ("née" Bamford) is a special needs teacher. Her father, Desmond "Des" Friel, was born in Belfast and raised in County Donegal, Ireland. He is a former French teacher and folk guitarist, who now owns a web design company. Her brother Michael is a physician, who in his youth did television advertising work for Hovis.


title: Anna Friel

text: Friel attended Crompton House School, and later Holy Cross College. She began her training as an actress at Oldham Theatre Workshop.


title: Anna Friel

text: Friel made her professional acting debut at age 13, playing the daughter of Michael Palin's character in the television miniseries "G.B.H.", which aired in the UK in 1991 and was nominated for several BAFTAs. This led to appearances on "Coronation Street" and "Emmerdale". In 1992, she was cast as Beth Jordache on the Channel 4 soap opera "Brookside". She played the role for two years, and was involved in some of the series' most famous plots, including the death of her on-screen father and a storyline featuring the first ever pre-nine-o'clock watershed lesbian kiss in British television history. The kiss went on to be broadcast around the world (including in 76 countries where homosexuality is illegal) when it was featured as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. She later said, "For a very long time I was defined by that kiss. And I didn't want to be. I spent years turning down other lesbian roles because it felt like going back to Beth. [But it] did also make me want to take on parts that showed extreme sides of women". In 1995, Friel won a National Television Award in the category of Most Popular Actress for her work on "Brookside".


title: Anna Friel

text: Upon leaving the show, Friel was cast in an episode of "Tales from the Crypt" alongside Imelda Staunton, and appeared in Stephen Poliakoff's television film "The Tribe" (1998), which drew controversy for its inclusion of a "ménage à trois" sex scene. She then played leading roles in small-screen adaptations of Charles Dickens' "Our Mutual Friend" and Robert Louis Stevenson's "St. Ives" (both 1998), and co-starred in several British films, such as "The Land Girls" (1998), with Rachel Weisz; "Rogue Trader" (1999), with Ewan McGregor; and "Mad Cows" (1999), with Joanna Lumley. Next, she appeared as Hermia in the 1999 film version of Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream".


title: Anna Friel

text: During this period, Friel made her Broadway debut in a production of Patrick Marber's "Closer", which ran for 172 performances at the Music Box Theatre in New York. The show was applauded by critics, many of whom mentioned Friel as a highlight. Charles Isherwood of "Variety" wrote, "... it's the exquisitely lovely Friel who is the discovery here. Her Alice is both the nihilistic core of the play and its tender center, and the paradoxical mixture of toughness and fragility [she] brings to it are essential to the play's deepest truths. It'a a star-making performance". Later that year, Friel won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play.


title: Anna Friel

text: In 2001, Friel made her West End stage debut in an adaptation of Frank Wedekind's "Lulu". Her film appearances during this time included lead roles in "An Everlasting Piece" (2000), directed by Barry Levinson and co-starring Billy Connolly; "Sunset Strip" (2000), opposite Jared Leto; "Me Without You" (2001), opposite Michelle Williams; and Richard Donner's big-budget fantasy-adventure film "Timeline" (2003), in which she played Gerard Butler's love interest. She also starred in the Canadian film "The War Bride" (2001), for which she received a


title: Anna Friel

text: Friel's next starring role was in the television film "Watermelon" (2003). She was then cast as Attorney Megan Delaney in "The Jury", an American legal drama series that ran on Fox for a single season in 2004. Speaking about the experience, which was her first role on American television, she later reflected, "Everyone was saying, 'you will never believe how much hard work it is', and I was telling them not to worry because I'm used to it ... but my God were they right ... You run off the set from one scene and get changed and run back on. It is so fast and so very well organised but it is hard, hard bloody work".


title: Anna Friel

text: In 2005, Friel played a Geordie nurse in the sports drama "Goal!". The following year, she starred in the Canadian film "Niagara Motel", and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Bolton for contributions to the performing arts.


title: Anna Friel

text: In 2007, Friel was cast as lead character Charlotte "Chuck" Charles in "Pushing Daisies", an American comedy-drama television series created by Bryan Fuller, which aired on ABC from 2007 to 2009. The show received favourable reviews during its two-season run, and Friel's performance won her a Golden Globe nomination. However, it was revealed in November 2008 that "Pushing Daisies" had been cancelled due to declining ratings. Subsequently, Friel was offered six television roles during the following year's pilot season, but declined all of them in favour of focusing on her film career. Next, she starred as the title character in "Bathory" (2008), an historical drama directed by Juraj Jakubisko. Friel was nominated for a Czech Lion Award for her performance.


title: Anna Friel

text: The following year, Friel co-starred with Will Ferrell in "Land of the Lost", a big-budget adventure film based on the television series of the same name. Also that year, she returned to the West End as Holly Golightly in an adaptation of Truman Capote's "Breakfast at Tiffany's", which played at the Theatre Royal Haymarket and gained attention for its addition of nudity. The production received mixed reviews, but Friel's portrayal of Holly Golightly (one of her "all time favourite heroines") was praised; Alice Jones of "The Independent" described her as "infectious", adding, "Gorgeously gamine and wrapped, like a treat from Tiffany's, in an array of ever more extravagantly bowed cocktail dresses, she's a bewitching stage presence, at once perilously provocative and child-like". Friel appeared nude in the production; an image of her nude scene, taken during a preview performance, ended up on the Internet, which prompted increased security at performances.


title: Anna Friel

text: In November 2009, Friel received an RTS Award for her portrayal of a struggling single mother in the British drama series "The Street".


title: Anna Friel

text: In 2010, Friel appeared with Anthony Hopkins and Naomi Watts in the Woody Allen-directed comedy "You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger". That same year, she starred opposite Colin Farrell and Keira Knightley in the crime drama "London Boulevard", and co-starred with Bradley Cooper and Robert De Niro in the sci-fi thriller "Limitless".


title: Anna Friel

text: In 2011, Friel appeared as a fictionalised version of herself in an episode of the mockumentary series "Come Fly with Me". That same year, she starred in "Neverland" on the SyFy channel (a prequel to J.M. Barrie's "Peter Pan"), and earned critical acclaim with her performance in the ITV drama "Without You". Friel then returned to the West End to play the role of Yelena in an adaptation of Chekhov's "Uncle Vanya", for which she received strong reviews. Next, she starred in the BBC series "Public Enemies" (2012); played Steve Coogan's wife in "The Look of Love" (2013), a biopic based on the life of Paul Raymond; and starred in the British film "Having You" (2013), opposite Andrew Buchan.


title: Anna Friel

text: In September 2013, Friel was cast alongside Kyle Chandler in the Showtime pilot "The Vatican", directed by Ridley Scott. It was announced later in the year that Showtime had decided not to proceed with a full series, as previously planned.


title: Anna Friel

text: In 2015, Friel was cast in the lead role of Sergeant Odelle Ballard in "American Odyssey", which ran for a single season on the NBC network. She also starred in the acclaimed Norwegian miniseries "The Heavy Water War" (UK title: "The Saboteurs"), a drama set during World War II. Next, she had leading roles in four films: "Urban and the Shed Crew" (2015), based on the non-fiction book of the same name; "The Cleanse" (2016), in which she co-starred with Anjelica Huston; "I.T." (2016), a thriller directed by John Moore and starring Pierce Brosnan; and the Irish-Canadian crime drama "Tomato Red" (2017).


title: Anna Friel

text: In 2017, Friel starred on the second season of "The Girlfriend Experience", a drama series produced by Steven Soderbergh for the Starz network. Friel's portrayal of Erica Myles, a Republican engaged in relationships with two women, was described as "fantastic" and "outstanding". Referring to the series' intense work schedule and the explicit nature of its sex scenes, Friel said that the role was her "most challenging job to date". That same year, she was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for her performance in the six-part BBC drama "Broken".


title: Anna Friel

text: Since 2016, Friel has played the title role in the British "Nordic" noir detective series "Marcella". She won the International Emmy Award for Best Actress (2017) for her performance. Speaking about the series and her character, she said, "I nearly pulled out of it after I'd accepted it ... because I just thought, 'Oh God, how can I do this? There are so many amazing female detectives that have done it so well, I don't know what I can offer differently' ... so when it was received as well as it was, I thought maybe I had done something that is different and I've put my own ownership and my own stamp on it". In 2018, it was announced that the series would return for a third season.


title: Anna Friel

text: In October 2018, Friel starred as the parent of a transgender child in "Butterfly". Lucy Mangan of "The Guardian" described the miniseries as "important, truthful ... a wonderfully delicate drama that covers new ground carefully and features fully realised characters", while the "New Statesman" felt that Friel's portrayal of a mother "racked by guilt" was "sterling". Friel said she and the show's creators felt a great responsibility to make it as realistic as possible; "We met all these wonderful families, who were saying, 'please tell our story and tell it properly'. I said, 'do you not feel represented?' And they said 'no'. People have so many comments and opinions, but they actually can be somewhat ill-informed".


title: Anna Friel

text: Friel played Sharon Pici, a Kansas City detective, the lead role in "The Box", which premiered on Viaplay on 28 November 2021. In 2022, she starred in the country music drama series "Monarch" as Nicky Roman, a singer-songwriter trying to carry on her family's legacy while forging her own path in the industry. Friel performed all of the songs her character sings, which includes a mixture of covers and originals, herself.


title: Anna Friel

text: Friel has featured in television and print advertising campaigns for brands such as Reebok, Virgin Atlantic, Mulberry, Three, Pantene, and Marks & Spencer. She has appeared as a cover girl for numerous magazines.


title: Anna Friel

text: In 2010, she starred as a chess player in the music video for the Manic Street Preachers' single "(It's Not War) Just the End of Love", alongside actor Michael Sheen.


title: Anna Friel

text: In 2001, Friel began a relationship with actor David Thewlis, after the pair met on a flight to Cannes. Later that year, Friel collapsed and was rushed to a hospital, needing emergency surgery and two blood transfusions for a ruptured ovarian cyst. It was discovered that she suffers from endometriosis and would have difficulty conceiving. Despite this, she later became pregnant and gave birth to a daughter, Gracie Ellen Mary Friel, on 9 July 2005 at Portland Hospital, London. Gracie was named after Gracie Fields, and her mother's grandmothers, Ellen and Mary.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: Pig is a 2021 American drama film written and directed by Michael Sarnoski (in his feature directorial debut), from a story by Vanessa Block and Sarnoski. The film stars Nicolas Cage as a truffle-hunter who lives alone in the Oregon wilderness and must return to his past in Portland in search of his beloved foraging pig after she is kidnapped. It also stars Alex Wolff and Adam Arkin.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: "Pig" was theatrically released in the United States on July 16, 2021, by Neon. The film received critical acclaim, with praise for its screenplay and Cage's performance. It won the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay and earned Cage a second nomination for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: Robin "Rob" Feld is a former Portland-based chef turned reclusive truffle-forager. Living in a cabin deep in the Oregon forests, he hunts for truffles with the help of his prized foraging pig. He sells the truffles to Amir, a young and inexperienced supplier of luxury ingredients to high-end restaurants. One night, Rob is attacked by unidentified assailants as they steal his pig. He reaches out to Amir, who helps him locate a group of impoverished drug-addicts suspected by another local truffle-hunter of being the culprits. They claim to have given the pig to someone from downtown Portland.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: Rob and Amir drive to Portland and infiltrate an underground fighting ring run by Edgar, an old acquaintance of Rob's, who provides another clue on the whereabouts of his pig. The following morning, Amir voices his admiration for Rob as a chef. Amir reveals that his parents had an unhappy marriage and says their happiest time was after a dinner at Rob's restaurant, before his mother eventually died by suicide. Following Edgar's lead, Rob asks Amir to secure reservations for themselves at Eurydice, a trendy "haute cuisine" restaurant. In the meantime, Rob visits the house where he used to live with his wife Lori, whose death compelled Rob to withdraw from society.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: At Eurydice, Rob asks to meet with its head chef, Derek, a former prep cook at Rob's restaurant. Rob pointedly, yet empathetically criticizes Derek for opening a contemporary restaurant rather than the pub he always wanted to run. Overwhelmed by the memory of his dream and the reality of his current circumstances, Derek confesses that Amir's wealthy father, Darius, was behind the theft of his pig, having learned of its existence from Amir. Rob angrily ends his partnership with Amir before going to confront Darius at his home. Darius promises him $25,000 in exchange for the pig and threatens to kill it should Rob continue his pursuit. Amir visits his comatose mother in a care facility, revealing she is still alive. He goes to Darius' home to offer Rob a ride, who admits that he does not need his pig to hunt truffles (since he uses the trees), but wants her back because he loves her. He asks Amir to gather a list of items in order to retrieve his pig through different tactics.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: As Rob retrieves a baguette from his former baker, Amir sources special ingredients, including a bottle of wine from Rob and Lori's personal collection, held at the mausoleum containing Lori's ashes. After sneaking back into Darius's house, Rob and Amir cook and serve dinner to Darius, the same dish and wine pairing that Rob prepared for Darius and his wife years earlier at his restaurant. An emotional Darius leaves the table. When Rob follows him, Darius confesses that the junkies he hired for the theft had mishandled the pig, resulting in her death. Rob is devastated. A remorseful Amir drives him back to a diner near his forest home. Despite Amir's carelessness, Rob decides to resume his partnership with him. Returning to his forest, Rob washes his bloody face in the lake before returning to his cabin to play a tape that Lori recorded of herself singing Bruce Springsteen’s "I'm on Fire" to him for his birthday.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: In September 2019, it was announced Nicolas Cage and Alex Wolff had joined the cast of the film, with Michael Sarnoski directing from a screenplay he wrote.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: In March 2020, Neon acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film. "Pig" had a theatrical release in the United States on July 16, 2021. Followed by screenings in the UK and Republic of Ireland on August 20, 2021.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: The film grossed $945,000 in 552 theaters in its first opening weekend. It additionally grossed $565,000 in its second weekend.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: The site's critics consensus reads, "Like the animal itself, "Pig" defies the hogwash of expectations with a beautiful odyssey of loss and love anchored by Nicolas Cage's affectingly raw performance." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 82 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: Richard Roeper of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film a score of four out of four stars, writing: "The unpredictable Cage delivers some of his best work in years." Bilge Ebiri of "Vulture" gave the film a positive review and stated, "As it proceeds, it expands its vision and compassion, even as it de-escalates the tension. It's not about the thing it's about, except that it ultimately is totally about the thing it's about." Richard Whittaker of "The Austin Chronicle" gave the film four-and-a-half out of five stars and stated, "At a time when so many people are struggling to find something of value in their lives, when people are fleeing jobs, cities, futures they thought they wanted, Cage has crafted a quiet soliloquy about grasping onto something that has meaning." Thelma Adams of AARP Movies for Grownups gave the film four out of five stars and stated, "Playing oddly against expectations, there's no Cage Rage, no showy violence or operatic monologues, just a simple, moving story of a broken man who lost his pig but, perhaps, has found his way." Johnny Oleksinski of "The New York Post" gave the film three out of four stars, calling it "[an] undeniably odd, but surprisingly touching drama."


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: Karen Han of "Slate" gave the film a positive review and stated, ""Pig" is a small film with a few big surprises executed very well, and well worth going into as blind as possible." Mike D'Angelo of "The A.V. Club" gave the film a grade of "A", writing that "There are no plot twists, in the traditional sense, but each successive encounter reveals a new facet that enriches the tale." Carlos Aguilar of "TheWrap" gave the film a positive review, writing, "Not all the ingredients make sense together, but the product of their intermingling inside the filmmaker's narrative pot render a special concoction." Noel Murray, in his review of the film for the "Los Angeles Times", wrote that, "Though its plot follows the same rough outline of a "John Wick"-style shoot-em-up, "Pig" is actually a quiet and often melancholy meditation on loss, anchored by a character who wishes he could shake free of the person he used to be." Kristy Puchko, in her review of the film for "Pajiba", wrote: ""Pig" is not only a mesmerizing while meditative drama about love and loss. It is also a powerful reminder that Cage is one of the most talented, most captivating movie stars of our time." Cody Corrall of the "Chicago Reader" gave the film a positive review and stated, "Even through its various webs of tragedy, relentless ambition, and destruction for capital gain—"Pig" remarkably and overwhelmingly champions care and kindness." Randy Myers of "The Mercury News" gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and stated, "It is Cage who carries "Pig" with a measured performance in which his trademark outbursts pierce the soul. He's magnificent."


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: Jeannette Catsoulis of "The New York Times" gave the film a positive review, writing that, "While "Pig" can at times feel engulfed by its own sullenness, there's a rigor to the filmmaking and a surreal beauty to Pat Scola's images that seal our investment in Robin's fate." Matt Zoller Seitz of "RogerEbert.com" gave the film four out of four stars, and wrote: "What a beguiling, confounding film "Pig" is. From start to finish, it never moves as you might expect it to." Michael O'Sullivan of "The Washington Post" also gave the film four out of four stars, writing that ""Pig"'s stock in trade is a kind of visual and narrative poetry, and Sarnoski and Block ply it with the skill and light touch of master chefs." "The Guardian"s Benjamin Lee gave the film three out of five stars and stated, "It... hints at exciting things to come from Sarnoski, a gifted visual filmmaker, who has assembled a promising, if imperfect, debut." Sheri Linden of "The Hollywood Reporter" gave the film a positive review, writing: "Whatever the screenplay's stumbles, Cage's contained performance embraces his character's losses and his turning away from the world without the slightest play for sympathy." Chuck Bowen of "Slant Magazine" gave the film three out of four stars and stated, "Nicolas Cage, in full martyr mode here, seems to get off on the perversity of, well, caging his brand of operatic hysteria." Michael Nordine of "Variety" gave the film a positive review, concluding that, "As a descent into the apparently high-stakes world of truffle-pig-poaching, "Pig" is unexpectedly touching; as a showcase for Cage's brilliance, it's a revelation." Lauren Milici of Total Film praised the film, writing: "Blood and weapons aside, the film is a moving meditation on grief and loss, and how sometimes the only way to move on is to return to the place that broke us in the first place."


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: Cage has stated that "Pig" is his favorite film that he has starred in to date, and considers it his best performance.


title: Pig (2021 film)

text: Gary M. Kramer, in a negative review of the film for "Salon.com", wrote that ""Pig" doesn't give viewers much to care about, other than perhaps the title character. Sarnoski's film is undercooked."


title: Owl

text: Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.


title: Owl

text: Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.


title: Owl

text: Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn-owl family, Tytonidae.


title: Owl

text: Owls possess large, forward-facing eyes and ear-holes, a hawk-like beak, a flat face, and usually a conspicuous circle of feathers, a facial disc, around each eye. The feathers making up this disc can be adjusted to sharply focus sounds from varying distances onto the owls' asymmetrically placed ear cavities. Most birds of prey have eyes on the sides of their heads, but the stereoscopic nature of the owl's forward-facing eyes permits the greater sense of depth perception necessary for low-light hunting. Although owls have binocular vision, their large eyes are fixed in their sockets—as are those of most other birds—so they must turn their entire heads to change views. As owls are farsighted, they are unable to clearly see anything within a few centimetres of their eyes. Caught prey can be felt by owls with the use of filoplumes—hairlike feathers on the beak and feet that act as "feelers". Their far vision, particularly in low light, is exceptionally good.


title: Owl

text: Owls can rotate their heads and necks as much as 270°. Owls have 14 neck vertebrae compared to seven in humans, which makes their necks more flexible. They also have adaptations to their circulatory systems, permitting rotation without cutting off blood to the brain: the foramina in their vertebrae through which the vertebral arteries pass are about 10 times the diameter of the artery, instead of about the same size as the artery as in humans; the vertebral arteries enter the cervical vertebrae higher than in other birds, giving the vessels some slack, and the carotid arteries unite in a very large anastomosis or junction, the largest of any bird's, preventing blood supply from being cut off while they rotate their necks. Other anastomoses between the carotid and vertebral arteries support this effect.


title: Owl

text: The smallest owl—weighing as little as and measuring some —is the elf owl ("Micrathene whitneyi"). Around the same diminutive length, although slightly heavier, are the lesser known long-whiskered owlet ("Xenoglaux loweryi") and Tamaulipas pygmy owl ("Glaucidium sanchezi"). The largest owls are two similarly sized eagle owls; the Eurasian eagle-owl ("Bubo bubo") and Blakiston's fish owl ("Bubo blakistoni"). The largest females of these species are long, have a wing span, and weigh .


title: Owl

text: Different species of owls produce different sounds; this distribution of calls aids owls in finding mates or announcing their presence to potential competitors, and also aids ornithologists and birders in locating these birds and distinguishing species. As noted above, their facial discs help owls to funnel the sound of prey to their ears. In many species, these discs are placed asymmetrically, for better directional location.


title: Owl

text: Owl plumage is generally cryptic, although several species have facial and head markings, including face masks, ear tufts, and brightly colored irises. These markings are generally more common in species inhabiting open habitats, and are thought to be used in signaling with other owls in low-light conditions.


title: Owl

text: Sexual dimorphism is a physical difference between males and females of a species. Female owls are typically larger than the males. The degree of size dimorphism varies across multiple populations and species, and is measured through various traits, such as wing span and body mass.


title: Owl

text: One theory suggests that selection has led males to be smaller because it allows them to be efficient foragers. The ability to obtain more food is advantageous during breeding season. In some species, female owls stay at their nest with their eggs while it is the responsibility of the male to bring back food to the nest. If food is scarce, the male first feeds himself before feeding the female. Small birds, which are agile, are an important source of food for owls. Male burrowing owls have been observed to have longer wing chords than females, despite being smaller than females. Furthermore, owls have been observed to be roughly the same size as their prey. This has also been observed in other predatory birds, which suggests that owls with smaller bodies and long wing chords have been selected for because of the increased agility and speed that allows them to catch their prey.


title: Owl

text: Another popular theory suggests that females have not been selected to be smaller like male owls because of their sexual roles. In many species, female owls may not leave the nest. Therefore, females may have a larger mass to allow them to go for a longer period of time without starving. For example, one hypothesized sexual role is that larger females are more capable of dismembering prey and feeding it to their young, hence female owls are larger than their male counterparts.


title: Owl

text: A different theory suggests that the size difference between male and females is due to sexual selection: since large females can choose their mate and may violently reject a male's sexual advances, smaller male owls that have the ability to escape unreceptive females are more likely to have been selected.


title: Owl

text: If the character is stable, there can be different optimums for both sexes. Selection operates on both sexes at the same time; therefore it is necessary to explain not only why one of the sexes is relatively bigger, but also why the other sex is smaller. If owls are still evolving toward smaller bodies and longer wing chords, according to V. Geodakyan's Evolutionary Theory of Sex, males should be more advanced on these characters. Males are viewed as an evolutionary vanguard of a population, and sexual dimorphism on the character, as an evolutionary “distance” between the sexes. “Phylogenetic rule of sexual dimorphism” states that if there exists a sexual dimorphism on any character, then the evolution of this trait goes from the female form toward the male one.


title: Owl

text: All owls are carnivorous birds of prey and live on diets of insects, small rodents and lagomorphs. Some owls are also specifically adapted to hunt fish. They are very adept in hunting in their respective environments. Since owls can be found in nearly all parts of the world and across a multitude of ecosystems, their hunting skills and characteristics vary slightly from species to species, though most characteristics are shared among all species.


title: Owl

text: Most owls share an innate ability to fly almost silently and also more slowly in comparison to other birds of prey. Most owls live a mainly nocturnal lifestyle and being able to fly without making any noise gives them a strong advantage over prey alert to the slightest sound in the night. A silent, slow flight is not as necessary for diurnal and crepuscular owls given that prey can usually see an owl approaching. Owls’ feathers are generally larger than the average birds’ feathers, have fewer radiates, longer pennulum, and achieve smooth edges with different rachis structures. Serrated edges along the owl's remiges bring the flapping of the wing down to a nearly silent mechanism. The serrations are more likely reducing aerodynamic disturbances, rather than simply reducing noise. The surface of the flight feathers is covered with a velvety structure that absorbs the sound of the wing moving. These unique structures reduce noise frequencies above 2 kHz, making the sound level emitted drop below the typical hearing spectrum of the owl's usual prey and also within the owl's own best hearing range. This optimizes the owl's ability to silently fly to capture prey without the prey hearing the owl first as it flies, and to hear any noise the prey makes. It also allows the owl to monitor the sound output from its flight pattern.


title: Owl

text: The feather adaption that allows silent flight means that barn owl feathers are not waterproof. To retain the softness and silent flight, the barn owl cannot use the preen oil or powder dust that other species use for waterproofing. In wet weather, they cannot hunt and this may be disastrous during the breeding season. Barn owls are frequently found drowned in livestock drinking troughs, since they land to drink and bathe, but are unable to climb out. Owls can struggle to keep warm, because of their lack of waterproofing, so large numbers of downy feathers help them to retain body heat.


title: Owl

text: Eyesight is a particular characteristic of the owl that aids in nocturnal prey capture. Owls are part of a small group of birds that live nocturnally, but do not use echolocation to guide them in flight in low-light situations. Owls are known for their disproportionally large eyes in comparison to their skulls. An apparent consequence of the evolution of an absolutely large eye in a relatively small skull is that the eye of the owl has become tubular in shape. This shape is found in other so-called nocturnal eyes, such as the eyes of strepsirrhine primates and bathypelagic fishes. Since the eyes are fixed into these sclerotic tubes, they are unable to move the eyes in any direction. Instead of moving their eyes, owls swivel their heads to view their surroundings. Owls' heads are capable of swiveling through an angle of roughly 270°, easily enabling them to see behind them without relocating the torso. This ability keeps bodily movement at a minimum, thus reduces the amount of sound the owl makes as it waits for its prey. Owls are regarded as having the most frontally placed eyes among all avian groups, which gives them some of the largest binocular fields of vision. Owls are farsighted and cannot focus on objects within a few centimetres of their eyes. These mechanisms are only able to function due to the large-sized retinal image. Thus, the primary nocturnal function in the vision of the owl is due to its large posterior nodal distance; retinal image brightness is only maximized to the owl within secondary neural functions. These attributes of the owl cause its nocturnal eyesight to be far superior to that of its average prey.