title: Tesco

text: Tesco has expanded globally since the early 1990s, with operations in 11 other countries in the world. The company pulled out of the US in 2013, but continues to see growth elsewhere. Since the 1960s, Tesco has diversified into areas such as the retailing of books, clothing, electronics, furniture, toys, petrol, software, financial services, telecoms and internet services. In the 1990s, Tesco re-positioned itself from being a downmarket high-volume low-cost retailer, attempting to attract a range of social groups with its low-cost "Tesco Value" range (launched 1993) and premium "Tesco Finest" range.


title: Tesco

text: Jack Cohen, the son of Jewish migrants from Poland, founded Tesco in 1919 when he began to sell war-surplus groceries from a stall at Well Street Market, Hackney, in the East End of London. The Tesco brand first appeared in 1924. The name came about after Jack Cohen bought a shipment of tea from "Thomas Edward Stockwell". He made new labels using the initials of the supplier's name (TES), and the first two letters of his surname (CO), forming the word TESCO. After experimenting with his first permanent indoor market stall at Tooting in November 1930, Jack Cohen opened the first Tesco shop in September 1931 at 54 Watling Street, Burnt Oak, Edgware, Middlesex. Tesco was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1947 as Tesco Stores (Holdings) Limited. The first self-service shop opened in St Albans in 1956 (which remained operational until 2010 before relocating to larger premises on the same street, with a period as a Tesco Metro), and the first supermarket in Maldon in 1956.


title: Tesco

text: During the 1950s and 1960s, Tesco grew organically, and also through acquisitions, until it owned more than 800 shops. The company purchased 70 "Williamson's" shops (1957), 200 "Harrow Stores" outlets (1959), 212 "Irwins" shops (1960), 97 "Charles Phillips" shops (1964) and the Victor Value chain (1968) (sold to Bejam in 1986).


title: Tesco

text: Jack Cohen's business motto was "pile it high and sell it cheap", to which he added an internal motto of "YCDBSOYA" (You Can't Do Business Sitting On Your Arse) which he used to motivate his sales force.


title: Tesco

text: In May 1987, Tesco completed its hostile takeover of the Hillards chain of 40 supermarkets in the North of England for £220 million.


title: Tesco

text: In 1994, the company took over the supermarket chain William Low after fighting off Sainsbury's for control of the Dundee-based firm, which operated 57 shops. This paved the way for Tesco to expand its presence in Scotland, in which its presence was weaker than in England.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco introduced a loyalty card, branded 'Clubcard' in 1995, and later an Internet shopping service. In 1996 the typeface of the logo was changed to the current version with stripe reflections underneath, whilst the corporate font used for shop signage was changed from the familiar "typewriter" font that had been used since the 1970s. Overseas operations were introduced the same year. Terry Leahy assumed the role of Chief Executive on 21 February 1997, the appointment having been announced on 21 November 1995.


title: Tesco

text: On 21 March 1997, Tesco announced the purchase of the retail arm of Associated British Foods, which consisted of the Quinnsworth, Stewarts and Crazy Prices chains in Ireland and Northern Ireland, and associated businesses, for £640 million. The deal was approved by the European Commission on 6 May 1997.


title: Tesco

text: The company was the subject of a letter bomb campaign lasting five months from August 2000 to February 2001 as a bomber calling himself "Sally" sent letter bombs to Tesco customers and demanded that Clubcards be modified to be capable of withdrawing money from cash machines.


title: Tesco

text: The company started to expand the range of products it sold during the 1960s to include household goods and clothing under the Delamare brand, and in 1974 opened its first petrol station.


title: Tesco

text: In 2001, Tesco became involved in internet grocery retailing in the US when it obtained a 35% stake in GroceryWorks.


title: Tesco

text: In 2002, Tesco purchased 13 HIT hypermarkets in Poland. It also made a major move into the UK's convenience shop market with its purchase of T&S Stores, owner of


title: Tesco

text: In June 2003, Tesco purchased the C Two-Network in Japan. It also acquired a majority stake in the Turkish supermarket chain Kipa. In January 2004, Tesco acquired Adminstore, owner of 45 Cullens, Europa, and Harts convenience shops, in and around London.


title: Tesco

text: In Thailand, Tesco Lotus was a joint venture of the Charoen Pokphand Group and Tesco, but facing criticism over the growth of hypermarkets CP Group sold its Tesco Lotus shares in 2003. In late 2005 Tesco acquired the 21 remaining Safeway/BP shops after Morrisons dissolved the Safeway/BP partnership.


title: Tesco

text: In 2006, Tesco announced plans to move into the United States by opening a chain of small format groceries in the Western states (Arizona, California, and Nevada) in 2007 named Fresh & Easy. Tesco would eventually pull out of the United States market in 2013, following performance issues.


title: Tesco

text: In 2010, Tesco started funding a small film studio intended to produce Tesco exclusive direct-to-DVD films. The first film was released on 6 September called "Paris Connections", based on a popular novel by Jackie Collins.


title: Tesco

text: In 2013, Tesco confirmed that it was pulling out of its US market (Fresh & Easy) stores in April, after it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, at a reported cost of £1.2 billion. In September, Tesco announced that it would sell the business to Ronald Burkle's Yucaipa Companies for an undisclosed amount. That same month, Tesco launched its first tablet computer, a seven-inch model called Hudl. Tesco also purchased the restaurant and cafe chain Giraffe for £48.6 million.


title: Tesco

text: In 2015, Tesco confirmed the sale of its Blinkbox on-demand video service and its fixed-line telephone and broadband business to TalkTalk. In January, Tesco sold the Blinkbox Music streaming service to now-defunct Guvera, and confirmed it would close its Blinkbox Books service by the end of February.


title: Tesco

text: In 2016, Tesco confirmed it was seeking to sell Dobbies Garden Centres, Giraffe Restaurants and Harris + Hoole to concentrate on its main supermarket business.


title: Tesco

text: In 2017, it was announced that Tesco had reached an agreement to merge with Britain's biggest wholesaler Booker Group. There were however concerns over market dominance with Tesco being Britain's largest food retailer and Booker being the UK's largest wholesaler. In April, the company confirmed it would sell its in-shop opticians' business to Vision Express. In June, Tesco announced a major cost-cutting initiative that would reduce the company's workforce by over 1,200 workers. Key reductions included over a quarter of its employees in Welwyn Garden City and Hatfield, and the closure of the call centre in Cardiff. The company hoped to reduce costs by £1.5 billion.


title: Tesco

text: In 2019, Tesco announced another cost-cutting initiative that would close the food counters in 90 stores, affecting around 9,000 workers. In October 2019, Tesco announced that CEO Dave Lewis would step down in 2020, and would be succeeded by Ken Murphy.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco Extra shops are larger, mainly out-of-town hypermarkets that stock nearly all of Tesco's product ranges, although some are in the heart of town centres and inner-city locations. The largest shop in England by floor space is Tesco Extra in Walkden, with of floorspace.


title: Tesco

text: In common with other towns, such as Warrington, the St Helens shop, which at is one of the biggest in England, was developed on the same site as the town's new rugby league stadium.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco Superstores are standard large supermarkets, stocking groceries and a much smaller range of non-food goods than Extra hypermarkets. The shops have always been branded as 'Tesco', but a new shop in Liverpool was the first to use the format brand 'Tesco Superstore' above the door.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco operates a number of in-shop cafes, but also began to introduce new restaurants in its shops from 2013 under the "Decks Carvery" brand.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco Express shops are neighbourhood convenience shops averaging , stocking mainly food with an emphasis on higher-margin products such as sweets, crisps, chocolate, biscuits, fizzy drinks and processed food (due to small shop size, and the necessity to maximise revenue per square foot) alongside everyday essentials. They are located in busy city-centre districts, small shopping precincts in residential areas, small towns and villages, and on Esso petrol station forecourts. In 2010 it became known that Tesco was operating Express pricing, charging more in its Express branches than in its other stores. A spokesperson said that this was "because of the difference in costs of running the smaller shops".


title: Tesco

text: Tesco first started selling petrol in 1974. Tesco sells 95, 97 and 99 RON (a fuel developed by Greenergy of which Tesco is a shareholder) petrol from forecourts at most Superstore and Extra locations. Tesco recently diversified into biofuels, offering petrol-bioethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends instead of pure petrol and diesel at its petrol stations, and now offering Greenergy 100% biodiesel at many shops in the southeast of the United Kingdom. In 1998, Tesco and Esso (part of ExxonMobil) formed a business alliance that included several petrol filling stations on lease from Esso, with Tesco operating the attached shops under its Express format. In turn, Esso operates the forecourts and sells fuel via the Tesco shop. As of 2013, there were 200 joint Tesco Express/Esso sites in the UK.


title: Tesco

text: In the United Kingdom Tesco operates a home shopping service through the Tesco.com website. In May 1984, in Gateshead, England, Mrs. Jane Snowball used a piece of computer technology called "Videotex" on her television to purchase groceries from her local Tesco shop in the world's first recorded online shopping transaction from the home. As of November 2006, Tesco was the only food retailer to make online shopping profitable. Since 2006 Tesco has operated a number of dark stores dedicated to the fulfilment of online orders of groceries.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco launched its customer loyalty scheme, the Tesco Clubcard, in 1995. It has been cited as a pivotal development in Tesco's progress towards becoming the UK's largest supermarket chain and one that fundamentally changed the country's supermarket business. Tesco itself was cited in a "Wall Street Journal" article as using the intelligence from the Clubcard to thwart Wal-Mart's initiatives in the UK.


title: Tesco

text: Cardholders can collect one Clubcard point for every £1 (or one point for €1 in Ireland and Slovakia or 1 point for 1zł in Poland) they spend in a Tesco shop, or at Tesco.com, and 1 point per £2 on fuel (not in Slovakia). Customers can also collect points by paying with a Tesco Credit Card, or by using Tesco Mobile, Tesco Homephone, Tesco Broadband, selected Tesco Personal Finance products or through Clubcard partners, E.ON and Avis. Each point equates to 1p in shops when redeemed, or up to four times that value when used with Clubcard deals (offers for holidays, day trips, etc.) Clubcard points (UK & IE) can also be converted to Avios and Virgin Atlantic frequent flyer miles.


title: Tesco

text: One Stop, which includes some of the smallest shops (smaller than a Tesco Express), was (until 2018, when the first Jack's store opened) the only Tesco shop format in the UK that did not include the word Tesco in its name. The brand, along with the original shops, formed part of the T&S Stores business but, unlike many that were converted to Tesco Express, these kept their old name. Subsequently, other shops bought by Tesco have been converted to the One Stop brand. Some have Tesco Bank branded cash machines. The business has attracted some controversy, as the prices of groceries in these shops, often situated in more impoverished areas, can be higher than nearby Tesco branded shops, highlighted in "The Times" 22 March 2010: "Britain's biggest supermarket uses its chain of 639 One Stop convenience shops–which many customers do not realise it owns–to charge up to 14 per cent more for goods than it does in Tesco-branded shops."


title: Tesco

text: Tesco responded to the article stating "It is a separate business within the Tesco Group, with its own supply chain and distribution network. One Stop shops offer a different range to Express shops and its operating costs are different. One Stop's price strategy is to match to its nearest competitor, Costcutter, and is frequently cheaper."


title: Tesco

text: In 2018, Tesco launched a separate budget chain, Jack's, to compete with Lidl and Aldi; the first store opened in Chatteris, Cambridgeshire in September 2018. In January 2022 Tesco announced it would be shutting down its Jack's stores, with stores either being closed or converted to Tesco Superstores.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco completed its acquisition of the food wholesaler Booker in March 2018. Booker also owns the Budgens, Londis, Euro Shopper and Premier Stores brands which operate under franchises.


title: Tesco

text: In the United Kingdom Tesco offers financial services through Tesco Bank, formerly a 50:50 joint venture with The Royal Bank of Scotland. Products on offer include credit cards, loans, mortgages, savings accounts and several types of insurance, including car, home, life and travel. They are promoted by leaflets in Tesco's shops and through its website. The business made a profit of £130 million for the 52 weeks to 24 February 2007, of which Tesco's share was £66 million. This move towards the financial sector diversified the Tesco brand and provides opportunities for growth outside of the retailing sector. On 28 July 2008, Tesco announced that it would buy out the Royal Bank of Scotland's 50% stake in the company for £950 million.


title: Tesco

text: F&F launched in 2001 as Florence & Fred in Tesco's UK and Ireland supermarkets. In 2010, the brand started to open stores in of itself starting with a London store. In the early to mid-2010s, it expanded to multiple countries stores and online.


title: Tesco

text: In the UK, F&F had its own website until 2016 when it was folded into Tesco Direct - which itself folded in August 2018. After this, F&F had no online UK presence until it partnered with Next PLC a year later. Tesco launched a scaled down F&F on Tesco.com soon after its deal with Next.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco operates a mobile phone business across the United Kingdom, Ireland, Slovakia, Hungary and the Czech Republic. It first launched in the UK in 2003 as a joint venture with O2 and operates as a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) using the network of O2 with the exceptions of Hungary where the network of Vodafone Hungary is used and Ireland where Three Ireland is used. As a virtual operator, Tesco Mobile does not own or operate its own network infrastructure. By January 2011 Tesco announced it had over 2.5 million UK mobile customers.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco also operated a home telephone and broadband business. Its broadband service launched in August 2004 to complement its existing internet service provider business, providing an ADSL-based service delivered via BT phone lines. In January 2015, Tesco sold its home telephone and broadband business, together with Blinkbox, to TalkTalk for around £5 million. Its customers were transferred by 2016.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco acquired a small I.T. support company called The PC Guys in 2007, and were able to launch Tesco Tech Support in December 2008.


title: Tesco

text: In the 1960s, Tesco set up a non-food division, Tesco Home 'n' Wear, headed by Leslie Porter. It had stand-alone shops and departments in larger shops, and from 1975 a distribution centre in Milton Keynes. Although Tesco continued to stock non-food items the stand-alone shops were closed and the name was no longer in use when Tesco Extra was launched.


title: Tesco

text: In May 2005, Tesco announced a trial non-food only format near Manchester and Aberdeen, and the first shop opened in October 2005. The shops offered all of Tesco's ranges except food in warehouse-style units in retail parks. Tesco introduced the format as only 20% of its customers had access to a Tesco Extra, and the company was restricted in how many of its superstores it could convert into Extras and how quickly it could do so. Large units for non-food retailing are much more readily available. The format was not Tesco's first non-food only venture in the UK. Until the late 1990s/early 2000s there were several non-food Tesco shops around the country including Scarborough and Yate. Although not in a warehouse-style format, the shops were located on high streets and shopping centres, and stocked similar items to Homeplus shops. In both cases this was because another part of the shopping centre had a Tesco Superstore that stocked food items only. By 2014, the number of Homeplus shops in the United Kingdom had reached 12; the newest shop opened in Chester in July 2009. In 2012 it was reported that Tesco was looking to close the business to focus on groceries. Tesco closed six Homeplus shops on 15 March 2015, and the remaining six shops closed on 27 June 2015.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco Metro shops are sized between Tesco superstores and Tesco Express shops, with shops averaging . They are mainly located in town centres and similar urban locations and were designed to accommodate larger weekly shops as well as top-up shopping.


title: Tesco

text: In May 2021, Tesco announced the brand would be retired as only 31% of customers were using the stores for larger shops. 89 locations will convert to the Tesco Express format while the remaining 58 will adopt the standard superstore format.


title: Tesco

text: Dobbies is a chain of garden centres across Scotland, England and Northern Ireland. Tesco completed its acquisition of Dobbies in 2008, and the company continued to trade under its own brand, from its own head office in Melville, near Edinburgh. On 17 June 2016, Tesco sold the company on to a group of investors led by Midlothian Capital Partners and Hattington Capital for £217 million.


title: Tesco

text: In 2012, Tesco invested in a new coffee shop chain, named Harris + Hoole after coffee-loving characters in Samuel Pepys' diary. Tesco took full ownership of the business from its founders Nick, Andrew and Laura Tolley in February 2016, and agreed in June 2016 to sell it to Caffè Nero.


title: Tesco

text: Giraffe is a restaurant chain in the United Kingdom which Tesco purchased in March 2013 as part of a strategy of making use of excess space in its shops. Tesco sold the chain to Boparan Holdings in June 2016.


title: Tesco

text: Euphorium Bakery opened a concession in Tesco's Kensington shop in 2012, and in 2013 Tesco bought a stake in the business. It purchased the remaining stake in April 2015. In August 2016, Tesco sold Euphorium's high street shops and factory in Islington to Soho Coffee, and its factory in Weybridge to Samworth Brothers.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco has expanded its operations from the United Kingdom to 11 other countries. Tesco pulled out of the United States in 2013, but continues to see growth elsewhere. Tesco's international expansion strategy has responded to the need to be sensitive to local expectations in other countries by entering into joint ventures with local partners, such as Samsung Group in South Korea (Samsung-Tesco Home plus), and Charoen Pokphand in Thailand (Tesco Lotus), appointing a very high proportion of local personnel to management positions. It also makes small acquisitions as part of its strategy: for example, in its 2005/2006 financial year it made acquisitions in South Korea, one in Poland and one in Japan.


title: Tesco

text: The following table shows the number of stores, total store size in area and sales for Tesco's international operations. The store numbers and floor area figures are .


title: Tesco

text: Tesco opened its first store in the Czech Republic in 1996 and now has over 300 stores, with further planned. Tesco opened its first stores in the Czech Republic by buying US corporation Kmart's operations in the country and converting them into Tesco stores. Tesco is also keen to expand non-food items and has already opened petrol stations and offers personal finance services in the Czech Republic.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco owned a French food retailer called Catteau between 1993 and 1997, which operated a chain of 92 stores in NE France under the Cedico, Hyper Cedico and Cedimarche banners. Tesco also operated a "Vin Plus" outlet in Calais, selling wine, beer and spirits, which closed on 30 August 2010, due to decline of the booze cruise.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco launched in Hungary in 1994 (November 23) after purchasing a small local supermarket group trading as S-Market based in Szombathely, in the west of Hungary. It opened its first hypermarket in Hungary at the Polus Centre in Budapest in 1996. Tesco operates through more than 200 stores in Hungary with further openings planned. Tesco Hungary also offers a clothing line and personal finance services.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco entered the Polish market in 1995 acquiring local Polish supermarket chains- Minor, Madex and Savia and opened its first hypermarket in Wrocław Bielany in 1998. At the height of its operations in Poland the company operated from over 450 various format stores as well as an online shopping service. Tesco Poland offered a broad range of brands on the Polish market including its own branded line of products as well as regional produce, petrol, personal finance services and on-line photo processing. In August 2008 Tesco opened the first Extra store in Poland located in Częstochowa. In November 2019, having suffered years of net losses and despite extensive cost-cutting and attempts at streamlining of its business model, Tesco announced its intent to sell all of its operations in Poland. In 2020 Tesco Poland was bought by Salling Group. Last remaining stores are set to close down on October 28, 2021.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco Slovakia in 1996 as part of Tesco's international expansion aims. It now operates from 123 stores. Tesco Slovakia has recently put great emphasis on organic products. However, Tesco Slovakia caused controversy amongst the Slovak government when it was found to have come foul of food safety laws in 2006. In April 2010 the first Tesco Extra in Central Europe opened in Bratislava – Petržalka, Slovakia as part of a pilot project for Tesco in the region, including the first self-service cash flow in Central Europe. There are currently seven Tesco Extra stores in Slovakia – three in Bratislava and one in Zvolen, Trnava, Banská Bystrica and Spišská Nová Ves.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco first operated in the Irish grocery market in the early 1980s, selling its operations there in March 1986. Tesco re-entered the Irish market in 1997 after the purchase of Power Supermarkets Ltd. It now operates from 154 stores across Ireland. Like Tesco stores in the UK, these offer a home delivery shopping service available to 80% of the Irish population as well as petrol, mobile telephone, personal finance, flower delivery service and a weight-loss programme. Tesco's loyalty programme, Clubcard, is offered in the country. Tesco had approximately 21% of the Irish grocery market in 2019 and its main competitors are Dunnes Stores and SuperValu.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco Ireland claims to be the largest purchaser of Irish food with an estimated €1.5 billion annually. Tesco Ireland operates a number of Tesco Extra hypermarkets in Ireland, with Clarehall Extra on the Malahide Road being the first to open in 2006. Tesco's largest hypermarket store in Europe, with a floorspace of , opened in Dundalk in Co Louth in November 2010.


title: Tesco

text: The country's newspaper of record the "Irish Times" in April 2011 said that "Increasingly, Ireland is being viewed as a provincial backwater by the parent company – albeit a very profitable little backwater – and all the strategic decisions are being taken in the UK.


title: Tesco

text: In 2008 Tesco opened its first eco store in Tramore, Co. Waterford. It is expected to use 45% less energy than other Tesco supermarkets of similar size.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco supplies six stores to date in Spain (including Ibiza), Portugal and Gibraltar that operate under the name The Food Company. Operations started in 2019 with the first store opening in Puerto de Mazarrón located in the Murcia province of Spain. One other store opened in the Algarve, Portugal in 2019 followed by four more in 2020 in Gibraltar, Ibiza, Mijas (Malaga) and Quesada (Alicante). All 7500 Products stocked by The Food Company originate from Britain.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco acquired a 50% stake in the Hymall chain, from Ting Hsin in September 2004. In December 2006 it raised its stake to 90% in a £180 million deal. Most of Tesco China's stores are based around Shanghai, but according to Tesco it plans to equip the business to expand more quickly and in different areas.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco has a large store in Weifang, Shandong province, and a further two floor store in Taizhou, Jiangsu province. The Tesco in Taizhou offers imported beers and spirits, some imported wines, and Australian, French, Italian and Dutch cheese products. A Tesco Express in the Shanghai Old Street area is no different from a typical Chinese convenience store in both style and products on display.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco has been increasing its own brand products into the Chinese market as well as introducing the Tesco Express format.


title: Tesco

text: In May 2014 Tesco made a deal with the state-run China Resources Enterprise (CRE) to create a joint venture, combining Tesco's 131 stores in the country with CRE's nearly 3000 outlets. With Tesco owning 20% of the business and CRE 80% this was now the largest food retailer in China.


title: Tesco

text: In Feb 2020, Tesco announced that it would exit the China market by selling the 20% stake to CRE for £275 million and the transaction would be completed by 28 February 2020.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco has had a limited presence in India with a service centre in Bangalore, and outsourcing. In 2008 Tesco announced their intention to invest an initial £60m ($115m) to open a wholesale cash-and-carry business based in Mumbai with the assistance of the Tata Group. In 2014, the joint venture between Tesco and Tata was confirmed, where investment by the earlier was reportedly 140 million dollars, thus becoming the first foreign supermarket to enter the country. The stores are now operated under the banner Star Bazaar and Star Daily supermarkets.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco Japan first began operations in 2003. It was brought about by a buy-out of C Two stores for £139 million in July 2003 and later Fre'c in April 2004. Tesco has adopted an approach that focuses on small corner shops that operate similarly to its Express format, rather than opening hypermarkets. It has also launched its range of software in Japan. In August 2011, Tesco announced that they would be selling off their Japanese stores to ÆON after revealing that only half of the stores in the Greater Tokyo Area were making a profit. Market share in the country was never above 1 percent.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco opened its first store in Malaysia in May 2002 with the opening of its first hypermarket in Puchong, Selangor. Tesco Malaysia currently operates 49 Tesco and Tesco Extra stores. Tesco has partnered with local conglomerate Sime Darby Berhad, which holds 30% of the shares.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco Malaysia offers a value range, its own branded range, electronic goods, the loyalty clubcard and clothing. Tesco Malaysia's Clubcard introduced Green Clubcard Points in 2007 making Tesco Malaysia the first Tesco international business to introduce the Green Clubcard Points scheme.


title: Tesco

text: In April 2013, Tesco Malaysia launched the Grocery Home Shopping Service, where it delivers groceries ordered via the Internet to consumers, with no minimum purchase imposed. There will be a RM10 service charge for each delivery and online customers may choose a delivery time slot from 10 am to 10 pm daily. Payment is made via credit or debit card. The service is currently offered to customers living within the 20 km radius of Tesco Extra outlets. The Malaysian operation of Tesco also includes a convenience store, Tesco Pernama Ekspres, which began operation in February 2015.


title: Tesco

text: In 2020, Tesco agreed to sell its Malaysian business to the Thailand-based, Charoen Pokphand Group for US$10.6bn, including debt, a transaction that would be expected to be completed in the second half of 2020. With this sale having been completed, Tesco has now changed its name to Lotus's.


title: Tesco

text: On 16 February 2017 Tesco announced a wholesale partnership with Limestone Private Limited, owner of the Alpha Superstores chain. This involved an exclusive partnership which would see Tesco products stocked across Alpha Supermarket stores within Pakistan.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco launched its South Korean operations as "Homeplus" in 1999 and partnered with Samsung. Tesco held 94% of the shares in the venture. It operates both hypermarkets and its express format as well as a home delivery shopping service. It is the second largest retailer in South Korea, just behind Shinsegae Group.


title: Tesco

text: On 14 May 2008, Tesco agreed to purchase 36 hypermarkets with a combination of food and non-food products from E-Land for $1.9 billion (£976 million) in its biggest single acquisition, making Tesco the second largest in the country. The majority of the E-Land stores formerly belonged to French retailer Carrefour before 2006 and most of the stores will be converted to Home plus outlets. Tesco's South Korean discount store chain, Home Plus, currently has 66 outlets.


title: Tesco

text: In September 2015 the company was sold to MBK Partners, a South Korean buyout firm, which partnered with a Canadian pension fund and Singapore's Temasek Holdings in a transaction worth 4.2 billion pounds.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco entered Thailand in 1998 and operates through 380 stores as part of a joint venture with Charoen Pokphand and named the operation "Tesco Lotus". This partnership was dissolved in 2003 when Charoen Pokphand sold its shares to Tesco. Tesco Lotus sells a diverse range of products from value food products to electronics to personal finance services. The company is keen to promote its green values and has partnered with the UNEP. Tesco Lotus claims to serve 20 million customers every month and that 97% of its goods are sourced from Thailand.


title: Tesco

text: By March 2013, Thailand operations were generating £3 billion in revenues and were one of the company's largest businesses outside of the UK.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco agreed to sell its Thai business to Charoen Pokphand Group for $10.6bn, including debt. A transaction that would be expected to be completed in the second half of 2020.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco entered the Turkish market in 2003 and uses the trading name "Tesco Kipa". Tesco remains focused on building infrastructure in Turkey to complete its expansion plans and introduced the Tesco Express format into Turkey in 2006. There are plans to increase the rate of expansion as basic infrastructure is built.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco entered the United States grocery market in 2007 through the opening of a new chain of convenience stores, named Fresh & Easy, on the West Coast (Arizona, California and Nevada). The company established its U.S. headquarters in El Segundo, California, and the first store opened in Hemet, California in November 2007, with 100 more planned in the first year; a store opening every two-and-a-half days. Although the planned rate of expansion was not maintained, largely because of the recession, by August 2011 Fresh & Easy operated 182 stores across Arizona, California and Nevada. In April 2013, Tesco put the Fresh & Easy chain on sale, booking losses of £1.2bn. It announced the sale of 150 of the stores in the 200-strong chain to private equity firm Yucaipa Companies in September 2013. The BBC reported that the remaining stores were expected to close. The deal included Tesco loaning the venture £80m and retaining an option to buy back a stake in the business if Yucaipa succeeded in turning around the group's performance. The last Fresh & Easy store closed in 2015.


title: Tesco

text: According to Citigroup retail analyst David McCarthy, "[Tesco has] pulled off a trick that I'm not aware of any other retailer achieving. That is to appeal to all segments of the market". One plank of this strategy has been Tesco's use of its own-brand products, including the upmarket "Finest", mid-range Tesco brand and low-price "Value" encompassing several product categories such as food, beverage, home, clothing, Tesco Mobile and financial services. Tesco have two vegan ranges branded "Plant Chef" and "Wicked Kitchen".


title: Tesco

text: Beginning in 1997 when Terry Leahy took over as CEO, Tesco began marketing itself using the phrase "The Tesco Way" to describe the company's core purposes, values, principles, and goals This phrase became the standard marketing speak for Tesco as it expanded domestically and internationally under Leahy's leadership, implying a shift by the company to focus on people, both customers and employees.


title: Tesco

text: A core part of the Tesco expansion strategy has been its innovative use of technology. It was one of the first to build self-service tills and use cameras to reduce queues, and an early adopter of NFC contactless payment card technology. In 2016, Tesco developed a mobile payment wallet, PayQwiq using both NFC contactless and barcode technology to allow payment using mobile phones in-shop (along with supporting other contactless mobile wallets such as ApplePay).


title: Tesco

text: All figures below are for the Tesco financial years, which run for 52- or 53-week periods to late February.


title: Tesco

text: Despite being in a recession, Tesco made record profits for a British retailer in the year to February 2010, during which its underlying pre-tax profits increased by 10.1% to £3.4 billion. Tesco then planned to create 16,000 new jobs, 9,000 in the UK. In 2011 the retailer reported its poorest six-monthly UK sales figures for 20 years, attributed to consumers' reduced non-food spending and a growth in budget rivals.


title: Tesco

text: By 2014, Tesco appeared to have lost some of its appeal to customers. The share price lost 49 per cent of its value up to October as it struggled to fend off competition from rivals Aldi and Lidl. In October 2014, Tesco suspended 8 executives following its announcement the previous month that it had previously overstated its profits by £250 million. The misreporting resulted in almost £2.2 billion being wiped off the value of the company's stock market value. The suspended executives included former commercial director Kevin Grace and UK managing director Chris Bush. The profit overstatement was subsequently revised upwards to £263 million following an investigation by the accountancy firm Deloitte, and it was clarified that the inflated profit figure was the result of Tesco bringing forward rebates from suppliers. The Serious Fraud Office (SFO) confirmed on 29 October 2014 that it was carrying out a criminal investigation into the accounting irregularities but declined to give further details. As a result, Tesco agreed to pay a fine and compensation. Three executives charged with fraud and false accounting in connection with the misreporting were cleared of the charges in 2018–2019.


title: Tesco

text: According to Kantar Worldpanel, Tesco's share of the UK groceries market in the 12 weeks to 18 March 2012 was 30.2%, down from 30.6% in the 12 weeks to 18 March 2011.


title: Tesco

text: In terms of the wider UK retail market, Tesco sales account for around one pound in every ten spent in British shops. In 2007 it was reported that its share was even larger, with one pound in every seven spent going to Tesco. In 2006, Inverness was branded as "Tescotown", because well over 50p in every £1 spent on food is believed to be spent in its three Tesco shops. By 2014 competition from other retailers led to a fall in Tesco's market share to 28.7%; this was the lowest level in a decade.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco made a commitment to corporate social responsibility in the form of contributions of 1.87% in 2006 of its pre-tax profits to charities and local community organisations. This compares favourably with Marks & Spencer, whose 1.51% is lower than Sainsbury's 7.02%. This figure, £42 million, is lower than the amount of money reported to have been avoided in tax during 2007 (see below). Will Hutton, in his role as chief executive of The Work Foundation, in 2007 praised Tesco for leading the debate on corporate responsibility. However "Intelligent Giving" has criticised the company for directing all "staff giving" support to the company's Charity of the Year.


title: Tesco

text: In 1992, Tesco started a "computers for schools scheme", offering computers in return for vouchers given to Tesco customers and donated by them to schools and hospitals. Until 2004, £92 million of equipment went to these organisations. The scheme was also implemented in Poland.


title: Tesco

text: In 2009, Tesco used the phrase, "Change for Good" as advertising, which is trade marked by Unicef for charity usage but not for commercial or retail use, which prompted the agency to say, "It is the first time in Unicef's history that a commercial entity has purposely set out to capitalise on one of our campaigns and subsequently damage an income stream which several of our programmes for children are dependent on." It went on to call on the public "...who have children's welfare at heart, to consider carefully who they support when making consumer choices."


title: Tesco

text: Tesco's own-labels personal care and household products are stated to be cruelty-free, meaning that they are not tested on animals.


title: Tesco

text: In June 2011, Tesco announced that it was working with 2degrees Network to create an online hub as part of its target to reduce its supply chain carbon footprint by 30% by 2020.


title: Tesco

text: In September 2011, a Greenpeace report revealed that Tesco supermarkets in China were selling vegetables that contained pesticides at levels exceeding the legal limit, or were illegal. A green vegetable sample from Tesco turned up methamidophos and monocrotophos, the use of which has been prohibited in China since the beginning of 2007.


title: Tesco

text: A notable 1980s advert was "Checkout 82," which was made in 1982, where a till would have a receipt coming out of it with the prices on. This advert had synthpop music as the backing and people singing "Check it out, check it out".


title: Tesco

text: Adverts in the early 1990s had a man called David, portrayed by Dudley Moore, on the hunt for free-range chickens from France and discovering many goods from around the world to purchase for Tesco. Late 2000s adverts included many celebrities and celebrity voice-overs such as The Spice Girls and the voice of actors James Nesbitt and Jane Horrocks.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco's main advertising slogan is "Every little helps". Its advertisements in print and on television mainly consist of product shots (or an appropriate image, such as a car when advertising petrol) against a white background, with a price or appropriate text (e.g., "Tesco Value") superimposed on a red circle.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco's in-shop magazine is one of the largest-circulation magazines in the United Kingdom, with a circulation of 1.9 million .


title: Tesco

text: In November 2013, Tesco announced it would introduce face-scanning technology developed by Amscreen at all of its 450 UK petrol stations to target advertisements to individual customers.


title: Tesco

text: Criticism of Tesco includes allegations of stifling competition due to its undeveloped "land bank", and breaching planning laws.


title: Tesco

text: The Tesco supermarket chain is involved in litigation such as the "Ward v Tesco Stores Ltd" and "Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass" cases. Tesco have been criticised for aggressively pursuing critics of the company in Thailand. Writer and former MP Jit Siratranont faced up to two years in jail and a £16.4 million libel damages claim for saying that Tesco was expanding aggressively at the expense of small local retailers. Tesco served him with writs for criminal defamation and civil libel. The Thai court dismissed the case, ruling that the criticism made by the defendant was 'in good faith by way of fair comment on any person or thing subjected to public criticism'.


title: Tesco

text: In November 2007, Tesco sued a Thai academic and a former minister for civil libel and criminal defamation, insisting that the two pay £1.6 million and £16.4 million and receive two years' imprisonment respectively. They have been alleged to have misstated that Tesco's Thai market amounts to 37% of its global revenues, amongst criticism of Tesco's propensity to put small retailers out of business.


title: Tesco

text: In August 2013, Tesco was fined £300,000 after admitting that it misled customers over the pricing of "half price" strawberries.


title: Tesco

text: In May 2021, undercover footage captured showed piglets deemed too small or too weak for the abattoir being hammered to death by farm workers or being swung against a concrete floor to be killed at a Tesco supplier. The practice, known as piglet thumping, is common on UK farms.


title: Tesco

text: In July 2021, The Independent revealed chickens were being left to die of thirst in overcrowded sheds by a Tesco supplier. Some birds resorted to cannibalism, and many suffered ammonia burns.


title: Tesco

text: In September 2019, footage shot at an self described "ethical" farm that supplied Tesco showed birds being kicked and hurled into crates.


title: Tesco

text: In September 2020, an investigation into a chicken farm that supplied Tesco found fast growing birds that were in chronic pain and others that could barely stand up.


title: Tesco

text: In May 2019 an undercover investigation of an Asian Tesco egg supplier, released by the Daily Mirror, found Tesco is serving Asian customers eggs from battery cage farms. In August 2019, an investigation of the company producing Tesco's own-brand eggs in Malaysia, broken by the New Straits Times, documented similar conditions. In response to the investigation, Tesco committed to using only cage-free eggs in Thailand and Malaysia.


title: Tesco

text: In 2007, Tesco was placed under investigation by the UK Office of Fair Trading (OFT) for acting as part of a cartel of five supermarkets (Safeway, Tesco, Asda, Morrisons and Sainsburys) and a number of dairy companies to fix the price of milk, butter and cheese. In December 2007, Asda, Sainsburys and the former Safeway admitted that they acted covertly against the interests of consumers while publicly claiming that they were supporting 5,000 farmers recovering from the foot-and-mouth crisis. They were fined a total of £116 million.


title: Tesco

text: In May 2007, it was reported that Tesco had moved the head office of its online operations to Switzerland. This allows it to sell CDs, DVDs and electronic games through its web site without charging value-added tax (VAT). The operation had previously been run from Jersey, but had been closed by authorities who feared damage to the island's reputation.


title: Tesco

text: In June 2008, the government announced that it was closing a tax loophole being used by Tesco. The scheme, identified by British magazine "Private Eye", utilised offshore holding companies in Luxembourg and partnership agreements to reduce corporation tax liability by up to £50 million a year. Another scheme previously identified by "Private Eye" involved depositing £1 billion in a Swiss partnership, and then loaning that money to overseas Tesco shops, so that profit could be transferred indirectly through interest payments. This scheme was still in operation and was estimated to be costing the UK exchequer up to £20 million a year in corporation tax. Tax expert Richard Murphy has provided an analysis of this avoidance structure.


title: Tesco

text: Tax avoidance has not always related to corporation tax. A number of companies including Tesco used a scheme to avoid VAT by deeming 2.5% of purchases paid for by card to be a 'card transaction fee', which reduced the company's tax liability without changing the charge to the customer. Such schemes came to light after HMRC litigated against Debenhams over the scheme in 2005.


title: Tesco

text: In January 2013, the British media reported that horse meat had been found in some meat products sold by Tesco, along with other retailers, particularly burgers. Prime Minister David Cameron called this "unacceptable", with products showing 29.1% horse meat in the "Value" range burger, which were supposed to be beef. It was later revealed in February 2013 that some of Tesco's Everyday Value Spaghetti Bolognese contained 60% horse meat. Tesco withdrew 26 of its products in response, and announced that it was working with authorities and the supplier to investigate the cause of the contamination.


title: Tesco

text: Following a 2013 incident when the manager of Tesco in Sutton ordered a blind person and her guide dog to leave the shop, Tesco stated that its staff had received training to ensure that such an incident would not happen again. In 2014, Tesco staff shouted at a customer with a guide dog and told her not to return to the store. Tesco later said: "This clearly should never have happened and we will contact Ms Makri directly to apologise. We do allow guide dogs in stores and have reminded colleagues of that" and donated £5,000 to a guide dogs charity.


title: Tesco

text: In 2014, "The Guardian" reported that Tesco is a client of Charoen Pokphand Foods. Over six months "The Guardian" traced the whole chain from slave ships in Asian waters to leading producers and retailers.


title: Tesco

text: Tesco has been targeted by protesters complaining the supermarket chain sells goods made in Israel, with most complaints being about products emanating from Israeli settlements in the West Bank. Protests generally occur when Israeli military operations are being carried out in the Gaza Strip or the West Bank. A protester was arrested at a protest at a shop in Birmingham on 16 August 2014.


title: Tesco

text: In 2005, "Searchlight" magazine said it was "horrified" to discover anti-semitic books by US extremist publisher Liberty Bell on the Tesco website. Titles offered for sale included "The Hitler We Loved and Why", "The International Jew" and "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion". "Searchlight" found another 106 titles by British-based publisher Steven Books which it describes as "so extreme that even the British National Party does not sell them". The shop said in a statement: "Tesco.com has over one million book titles covering a wide range of subjects. We are unhappy that titles which could cause offence to some customers have found their way on to our site and took immediate action to remove them once they were brought to our attention."


title: Tesco

text: The UK Groceries Code Adjudicator found in a 2015–16 investigation into Tesco that some suppliers paid "large sums of money in exchange for category captaincy or participation in a price review". She found some evidence of benefits which suppliers derive from these arrangements, but also recorded a concern—to be investigated further—as to whether the purpose of the Groceries Code was being circumvented by these payments.


title: Tesco

text: In June 2021 there were protests outside Tesco Headquarters in Welwyn Garden City due to the involvement of Tesco in deforestation and forest fires in Brazil, as this is where Tesco sources the soy used to feed livestock for their meat produce.


title: Tesco

text: On 21 November 2020, a member of the Romanian diaspora in the United Kingdom said that in the Telford store, there was a warning for shoplifters written in the Romanian language that said "notice for store thieves, you will be legally prosecuted if caught stealing". The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE) expressed its "surprise and disagreement against the strongly discriminating message".


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: Scorpion (stylized as </SCORPION>) is an American action drama television series created by Nick Santora for CBS. The series stars Elyes Gabel (Walter O'Brien), Katharine McPhee (Paige Dineen), Eddie Kaye Thomas (Tobias Curtis), Jadyn Wong (Happy Quinn), Ari Stidham (Sylvester "Sly" Dodd), and Robert Patrick (Cabe Gallo). Very loosely based on the life of its executive producer and self-proclaimed computer expert Walter O'Brien, the series centers on O'Brien and his friends helping to solve complex global problems and save lives. The series premiered on September 22, 2014. On October 27, 2014, CBS placed a full-season episode order for the first season. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 25, 2017.


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: "Scorpion" received mixed critical reception. On May 12, 2018, CBS cancelled the series after four seasons.


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: Scorpion is said to be the last line of defense against complex, high-technology threats around the globe. Drawing on a diverse set of skills and experience, such as coding, psychology, and engineering, they can solve these situations. The team tackles a variety of problems, many of which are extremely complicated. While they are frequently called into service by the Department of Homeland Security, they also accept work from private individuals and organizations.


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: According to Walter O'Brien, the idea for the show came from his company Concierge Up when they asked the question, "How do we attract more bright people to contract with our company to work on interesting projects?". They decided to pitch the idea for a 10-season show that would compete with "" and "inspire a whole generation to see that 'smart is cool.


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: CBS leadership viewed the show as a dramatic variation of another CBS show, "The Big Bang Theory" – at that time the nation's most popular TV comedy – which featured a cast of similar brainy-young-nerd characters. CBS Primetime senior executive vice president Kelly Kahl, in a 2014 interview, indicated that CBS had intended the show as "kind of an extension of "The Big Bang Theory" but in the drama world."


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: "Scorpion" debuted on CBS on Monday nights in the fall of 2014, in a 10 pm (Eastern) time slot that had become an underperformer for CBS. To give "Scorpion" an initial boost in audience for the first few weeks, CBS scheduled it to come on immediately after episodes of "The Big Bang Theory", at that time television's most popular comedy. "Scorpion" became CBS's highest-rated drama series for the advertiser-sought 18- to 49-year-old TV audience demographic. "Live + 7" numbers showed a 4.5 rating in the key demographic, and Nielsen ratings were a 3.7. The results helped CBS's primetime growth-leadership that fall, CBS's Monday night having improved more than any other night, not only for CBS, but also more than any night for any of the "Big 4" networks.


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: The increase in CBS's own ratings in the Monday 10 pm time slot was sizeable - a 65% total-audience increase over the same period a year earlier, and a 23% boost since that period for the age 18-49 audience. Even after it was detached from "The Big Bang Theory," the show continued to rank as the second-most popular new drama on CBS. In the older-focused 25- to 54-year-old audience demographic segment, "Scorpion" initially averaged a 4.9, the second-highest ranking new show in that audience, improving the network's previous-year performance in that time slot by 29%. (L+7's measurement of 25-54 year olds put "Scorpion" at 6.0.) "Scorpion" initial popularity extended beyond immediate-broadcast audiences, to include delayed-viewing audiences, making "Scorpion" CBS's most-streamed new show of the season, initially, across multiple platforms.


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: "Scorpion" has received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, season one holds a rating of 42% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Typical procedural plot lines and boring characters using a distracting amount of geek-speak make "Scorpion" a forgettable show without sting." On Metacritic, the show has a score of 48 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: The show premiered on September 22, 2014, earning a 3.2 rating in the 18–49 demographic and 13.83 million total viewers. This improved CBS' Monday 9 p.m. time slot from the previous season by 66% in total viewers and 22% in the 18–49 demographic. It was also Monday's top new series in viewers and key demographics. The number of viewers during the first season across all platforms was 26 million.


title: Scorpion (TV series)

text: A portion of the bad receptions of this show can be contributed to it being a show about science that uses nonscience and popular beliefs in a seamless mixture with realistic scenarios and real science. This made the show less appealing for some who have a science background and makes distinguishing the educational parts from the fictional parts harder for the less informed viewers.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Ralf Rangnick (; born 29 June 1958) is a German professional football coach, executive and former player who is currently the manager of the Austria national team.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick began his coaching career in 1983, succeeding his career as a player, at age 25. In 1997, he was hired by former club Ulm 1846, with whom he won the Regionalliga Süd in his debut season. Rangnick was then appointed by Bundesliga club VfB Stuttgart, winning the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 2000, but was dismissed in 2001. He subsequently joined Hannover 96, winning the 2. Bundesliga, but was dismissed in 2004. After a brief period with Schalke 04, Rangnick joined 1899 Hoffenheim in 2006, and achieved successive promotions to the Bundesliga. He departed the club in 2011 and returned to Schalke 04, where he won the 2011 DFB-Pokal and reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League. He later served as head coach at RB Leipzig across two periods between 2015 and 2019.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick joined Red Bull as director of football in 2012, helping oversee their expansion into European football, emphasising the recruitment of unproven players and developing youth systems with a worldwide scouting base and an attacking on-pitch philosophy across their clubs. As a result, Red Bull clubs rose in market value from €120 million to €1.2 billion during his tenure. Their clubs have also seen sustained domestic success and generated sizable profits with player transfers, which led to Rangnick's promotion to head of sport and development in 2019. He resigned from Red Bull in 2020 and joined Russian club Lokomotiv Moscow as manager of sports and development in 2021. Later that year, Rangnick was appointed as interim manager of Manchester United until the end of the 2021–22 season.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick is credited with developing "Gegenpressing", whereby the team, after losing possession, immediately attempts to win back possession, rather than falling back to regroup. His sides have been noted for their pressing and high attacking output, as well as for popularising zonal marking. He is credited for influencing Thomas Tuchel, Julian Nagelsmann, Ralph Hasenhüttl and Jürgen Klopp, among others.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick was born and raised in Backnang. His parents, Dietrich and Erika Rangnick, met in 1945 in Lichtenstein, Saxony, in the Ore Mountains. His mother is from Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) and his father is from Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia).


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick began his playing career at VfB Stuttgart, but was noted for his strategic talents and was added as player-coach. His playing career was short-lived and was primarily concentrated in Germany, but included a stint at English club Southwick while studying at the University of Sussex.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick was one of the first coaches to publicise football tactics, notably during a ZDF SportsStudio TV broadcast in December 1998. As a result, Rangnick became known as the "professor"; a title initially used to jeer him, which then grew to be used to show respect.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick began his coaching career in the 1980s, first as player-coach at his hometown club Viktoria Backnang, then continuing on to play and coach at VfB Stuttgart II and TSV Lippoldsweiler.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: In 1988, he became the head coach at SC Korb, remaining for two seasons before returning to VfB Stuttgart for four seasons to manage the Under 19 team. In 1991, he won the U-19 Bundesliga (German: A-Junioren Bundesliga), the highest honor in German U-19 football. Rangnick then returned to first team management in 1995 with two seasons as head coach at SSV Reutlingen 05. He took the club to a fourth place finish in his first season. They began the following campaign strong, with the club in the midst of the promotion push by Christmas. However, Rangnick would not see the season to its finish as he was sought after by his former club Ulm in January 1997. Reutlingen were in fifth position when Rangnick left the club.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: His first match in charge of Ulm finished in a 2–0 loss to Greuther Fürth. Ulm were also positioned in the Regionalliga Süd, and although Rangnick could only manage a sixth-place position from the remainder of the 1996–97 season, they started the following season with a 3–1 win against Karlsruher SC II. They won the Regionalliga Süd Championship in 1998. Rangnick adapted well to life in the 2. Bundesliga, and Ulm mounted a strong promotion push that led them to the Bundesliga for the first time in their history in 2000.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: During the winter break of his second season, he signed a deal to move to top flight VfB Stuttgart for the next season. This was supposed to remain secret until the end of the season, but in February it was leaked out into public knowledge. This caused an outcry, especially as the team began to lose ground in the table, and by the end of March, Rangnick resigned from the post prematurely and, on 3 May 1999, took control of Stuttgart for the club's final five matches. His final match was a 2–0 loss to SpVgg Unterhaching.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: On 3 May 1999, Rangnick took control of VfB Stuttgart, for the final five games and saw the club finish 1998–99 season in 11th place. He won two out of the club's five final matches. His first match was a 2–0 loss to Bayern Munich. Rangnick was now first team coach at the club he had served as a player and coached at amateur and under 19 level previously. His first full season in the 1999–2000 Bundesliga saw the club finish in a respectable eighth position. The following season was much tougher, however the team succeeded in making the round of 16 in the 2000–01 UEFA Cup after winning the UEFA Intertoto Cup, and the semi-finals of the DFB-Pokal. Nonetheless, Stuttgart's Bundesliga form left them hovering in the relegation zone by the halfway point. After their European exit in February 2001, Stuttgart dismissed Rangnick. His final match was 2–1 loss to Celta de Vigo in the UEFA Cup on 22 February 2001. Stuttgart were in 17th place at the time of his sacking. Rangnick finished with a record of 36 wins, 16 draws and 34 losses.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: The next season brought a new post, as Rangnick took over 2. Bundesliga side Hannover 96 on 23 May 2001. His first match was a 1–1 draw against Union Berlin on 30 July 2001. His first season was a complete success as they romped home as champions and were promoted to the Bundesliga after a 13-year absence. Their first season back at the top level saw them consolidate with an 11th-place finish, but, as their form nosedived in the second half of the 2003–04 season, Rangnick was dismissed following a 0–1 defeat at Borussia Mönchengladbach in March 2004. Hannover were in 15th place at the time of his sacking. Rangnick finished with a record of 44 wins, 22 draws and 32 losses.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: After missing out on the role as assistant manager for the German national team to Joachim Löw, Rangnick was hired by Schalke 04 on 28 September 2004, after Jupp Heynckes left just weeks into the 2004–05 season. Rangnick again tasted European action as the club had earned a UEFA Cup spot via the UEFA Intertoto Cup. His first match was in the UEFA Cup. Schalke won 4–0 against Metalurgs Liepājas. He led them through the group phase, but they exited in the knockout rounds to Shakhtar Donetsk. However, the DFB-Pokal was to prove more successful, as Rangnick took the club to the final, where they fell 2–1 to Bayern Munich. Bayern would also pip Rangnick's side in the league as Schalke ended as runners-up.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: The next season started well, with Rangnick defeating former club VfB Stuttgart 1–0 and securing the 2005 DFL-Ligapokal. Their second-place league finish of the previous year had also qualified them for the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League, Rangnick's first entry into the prestigious competition. However, the team would fail to progress beyond the group stage, and sat ten points off the pace in the Bundesliga, as well as having crashed 0–6 in the DFB-Pokal to Eintracht Frankfurt. Shortly before the winter break, these results prompted the club to dismiss Rangnick on 12 December 2005. He left with a record of 36 wins, 15 draws and 14 losses.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick's next appointment as head coach was at 1899 Hoffenheim of the Regionalliga Süd for the 2006–07 season. His first match was a 2–2 draw against 1860 Munich II on 5 August 2006. The team instantly won promotion and played the 2007–08 season in the 2. Bundesliga for their first time in their history. The stay in the 2. Bundesliga was short, as a second-place finish for Hoffenheim in 2007–08 earned the club, and Rangnick, promotion to the Bundesliga for the 2008–09 season. They also reached the quarter-finals of the DFB-Pokal. During the 2008–09 season, Hoffenheim reached the second round of the DFB-Pokal. In the first half of the season, Hoffenheim won 35 out of 51 available points, however in the second half, the club won only 20 out of 51 points to drop down to seventh place.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: During the 2009–10 season, Hoffenheim reached the quarter-finals of the DFB-Pokal. Hoffenheim finished in 11th place in the Bundesliga. On 2 January 2011, Rangnick resigned as head coach of Hoffenheim, citing the sale of midfielder Luiz Gustavo to Bayern Munich, of which he had not been informed, as his reason for resigning from the club. Rangnick's final match was a 2–0 win against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 21 December 2010 in the DFB-Pokal. Hoffenheim were in eighth place when Rangnick left the club. Rangnick finished with a record of 79 wins, 43 draws and 44 losses.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: In March 2011, Rangnick was named as the replacement for Felix Magath as coach of Schalke 04. His first match was a 2–0 forfeit win against FC St. Pauli on 1 April 2011. The game was stopped in the 89th minute after a beer mug was thrown at the assistant, overshadowing Rangnick's successful debut at Millerntor. At the time of the cancellation, Schalke was leading 2–0. Just weeks after being named the new Schalke coach, Rangnick led his old club to their first UEFA Champions League semi-finals by defeating holders Inter Milan 7–3 on aggregate. However, Schalke were eliminated by Manchester United in the semi-finals.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Schalke began the 2011–12 season by defeating Borussia Dortmund in a shootout in the 2011 DFL-Supercup. On 22 September 2011, Rangnick stepped down as Schalke's coach due to chronic fatigue syndrome, stating he did not have "the necessary energy to be successful and to develop the team and the club". He finished with a record of ten wins, three draws and ten losses.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: In February 2015, Rangnick announced he would be taking over as coach at RB Leipzig for the 2015–16 season. Achim Beierlorzer took over until the end of the season following the immediate resignation of Alexander Zorniger. In addition, Rangnick resigned as director of football of Red Bull Salzburg. His first match was a 1–0 win against FSV Frankfurt on 25 July, and Rangnick secured promotion to the Bundesliga with the win against Karlsruher SC on 8 May 2016. On 16 May, Leipzig announced Ralph Hasenhüttl would take over from Rangnick. Rangnick finished with a record of 21 wins, 7 draws and 8 losses.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: On 9 July 2018, Rangnick took over, once again, as coach of RB Leipzig. He won his first match on his return 4–0 against Swedish club Häcken in the second qualifying round of the Europa League. RB Leipzig eventually won the tie 5–1 on aggregate. They then eliminated Universitatea Craiova in the third qualifying round. The first domestic match (and victory) came against Viktoria Köln in the German Cup, as Leipzig won the match 3–1. Leipzig's first Bundesliga match took place on 26 August 2018. Leipzig lost to Borussia Dortmund 4–1. Leipzig qualified for the Europa League group stage after knocking out Zorya Luhansk with a 3–2 aggregate score in the play-off round. In the group stage, they were drawn against Red Bull Salzburg, Celtic, and Rosenborg, finishing in third in the group stage.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Notwithstanding, the club ended the season 3rd in Bundesliga, qualified to the UEFA Champions League for the 2019–20 season, and reached the DFB-Pokal final, losing to Bayern Munich. Rangnick finished his second term as coach with a record of 29 wins, 13 draws and 10 losses.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Following the dismissal of Ole Gunnar Solskjær after a poor run of results in the first few months of the 2021–22 season, Rangnick was shortlisted as a potential short term manager by Manchester United. Although the board had initially decided to give caretaker manager Michael Carrick a longer run of games while scouting replacements, Rangnick quickly emerged as the outstanding candidate during interviews and was appointed as interim manager until the end of the season on 29 November 2021. Following this period, it was stated he would continue in a consultancy role for a further two years. He officially took charge a few days later on 2 December following the approval of his work permit. His first match saw the club victorious against Crystal Palace 1–0 with a goal from Fred. Rangnick quite often talked about intensity, physicality, energy aside all the technical qualities being necessary to be successful. Results under Rangnick were good until a Champions League game against Atlético Madrid in February, but first signs were visible that the temporary nature of the spell and having no long-term plan caused uncertainty. After overseeing United lose 4–0 to rivals Liverpool in April 2022, Rangnick suggested that Liverpool were "six years ahead" of United, and outlined the club's need to invest in the upcoming transfer window. The German expressed his frustration with his spell at Manchester United as it came to a close at the end of the season, stating "In the end, I'm not happy with the results". United finished the season in 6th place with 58 points, the worst points-total record in their Premier League history. The club and Rangnick decided that he would not continue with his planned consultancy role with the club due to the demands of his new role at the Austria national team.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: On 29 April 2022, Rangnick was appointed manager of the Austria national team on a two-year deal, starting in June. The contract includes an option of a further two years should the team qualify for UEFA Euro 2024. One of his goals is to bring back the fans by entertaining football, and showing team spirit. On 3 June, Rangnick's first game in charge finished in a 3–0 win over Croatia in the UEFA Nations League A. However, that remained Austria's only victory of the season and, following a 3–1 defeat to Croatia on 25 September, they got relegated to League B.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: In June 2012, Rangnick became the director of football for both Red Bull Salzburg and RB Leipzig. Under Rangnick's leadership, by 2018, RB Leipzig saw promotion from regional league (tier IV) to the Bundesliga (tier I), and reached the UEFA Champions League; their highest domestic finish was runners-up in the 2016–17 season, while their highest European finish was reaching the semi-finals in the 2019–20 season. Despite consistent off-field success, RB Leipzig won one trophy, the Saxony Cup, with Rangnick. Meanwhile, Red Bull Salzburg won Austrian Bundesliga and Austrian Cup multiple times, and reached the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: In 2019, Rangnick was promoted to head of sport and development for Red Bull GmbH, thus overseeing global football initiatives, including New York Red Bulls and their takeover of Red Bull Bragantino. Under Rangnick's tenure, New York Red Bulls won the Supporters Shield in 2013, 2015, 2018, while Red Bull Bragantino gained promotion to Série A in 2020. He resigned from Red Bull in 2020, with a reported move to Milan failing during negotiations. While at Red Bull, their clubs rose in market value from €120 million to €1.2 billion during his tenure, with its largest club, RB Leipzig, peaking in value to €270 million in 2019. Red Bull also generated sizable profits with player transfers.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: On 6 July 2021, he signed a three-year contract as manager of sports and development for Russian Premier League club Lokomotiv Moscow. He left the post on 29 November 2021 to become interim manager of Manchester United.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick is regarded as the "godfather" of modern German football. He is credited with developing "Gegenpressing", whereby the team, after losing possession, immediately attempts to win back possession, rather than falling back to regroup together with evolving player's spatial coverage by increasing memory space and processing pace. He developed this after playing a friendly against Dynamo Kyiv in 1984, being inspired by the pressing philosophy of Valeriy Lobanovskyi. His sides have been noted for their pressing and high attacking output, as well as for popularising zonal marking.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick has cited his main coaching influences as Ernst Happel, Valeriy Lobanovskyi, Arrigo Sacchi and Zdeněk Zeman, and is credited for influencing Thomas Tuchel, Jürgen Klopp, Julian Nagelsmann, Ralph Hasenhüttl, Marco Rose, Roger Schmidt, Adi Hütter, Oliver Glasner and Matthias Jaissle.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: Rangnick has said that a parental seminar about "raising kids with love and consequence" influenced his relationship with people he works with.


title: Ralf Rangnick

text: In 2018, Rangnick established the Ralf Rangnick Foundation which aims to support children in their development and enable their personalities to flourish.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha () is a 2021 South Korean television series starring Shin Min-a, Kim Seon-ho and Lee Sang-yi. It is a remake of 2004 South Korean film "Mr. Handy, Mr. Hong". It aired from August 28 to October 17, 2021, on tvN's Saturdays and Sundays at 21:00 (KST) time slot. It is also available for streaming on Netflix.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: The series was a commercial hit and became one of the highest-rated series on cable television history. It ranked first place during its entire run for eight weeks, and the last episode achieved 12.665% nationwide rating, with over 3.2 million views. It also became one of Netflix's most-watched non-English television shows, and one of its longest-running hits as it spent 16 weeks in global top ten rankings.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: After her life goes awry, Yoon Hye-jin, an accomplished dentist from Seoul, goes to the idyllic seaside village of Gongjin on her mother's birthday, where she spontaneously decides to open up a dental clinic, and gets to know jack-of-all-trades Du-sik, also known as Chief Hong. Hye-jin then goes to a party to promote the clinic but accidentally gossips about Oh Cheon-jae in a room where the microphone is on, which leaves a bad impression in the whole village's eyes. Pyo Mi-seon, who is Hyejin's best friend, also moves in with Hyejin and helps out at the clinic.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Du-sik constantly helps Hye-jin to fit in. They also persuade Kim Gam-ri, who initially refuses treatment, to get a dental implant. As Du-sik and Hye-jin grow closer and share a kiss while drunk, Hye-jin decides to stop getting involved with Du-sik. Ji Seong-hyeon (also called PD Ji), Hye-jin's collegemate, visits Gongjin to produce a TV program. He convinces Gam-ri to let him use her house as a film set. When Hye-jin's parents visit Gongjin, Du-sik pretends to be her boyfriend, while Seong-hyeon makes a good impression on her father. After Du-sik rescues Hye-jin in a home invasion, he tells her about his grandfather, and they celebrate his grandfather's death anniversary together. Hye-jin confesses her feelings to Du-sik, and they start dating. Hye-jin then kindly denies Seong-hyeon's feelings. Meanwhile, Mi-seon and Eun-cheol finally arrive on the same page and also start dating. Hye-jin grows frustrated as Du-sik keeps his past shrouded in mystery and they stop seeing each other for a while. Through Yu Cho-hui's word of encouragement, Yeong-guk and Hwa-jung rekindle their love. In the farewell party by Seong-hyeon's filming crew, Du-sik's past is out in the open. Hye-jin helps him to overcome his guilt and declines an enticing job offer in Seoul to stay in Gongjin. Hye-jin proposes to Du-sik, unaware that he also wants to do the same, and they get married.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: The series, written by Shin Ha-eun, was her comeback after co-writting the 2019 drama "The Crowned Clown". It was first announced on December 21, 2020 under the working title of "Hong Ban-jang" (). The series is a drama remake of the 2004 movie .


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Casting was first announced on December 21, 2020, with Kim Seon-ho and Shin Min-a being offered the lead roles. In April 2, 2021, it was officially announced that Yoo Je-won will be directing the drama literally translated as Seaside Village Cha-Cha-Cha (갯마을 차차차). In the same time, Kim Seon-ho and Shin Min-a were confirmed as main leads, also Lee Sang-yi was being offered the role. The drama marked Director Yoo Je-won second collaboration with Shin Min-a after both worked on "Tomorrow with You" (2017).


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: The first script reading of the cast was held on April 21, 2021. Filming was scheduled to begin on May 8, which was conducted mainly in Pohang. The drama schedulled to wrapped up filming on October 6th, 2021.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: The series features numerous song covers sung onscreen by the characters. Just like Hong Du-sik from the original movie, Kim Seon-ho had to sing and play guitar in the drama, covered "Old love" from Lee Moon-sae. For exception of Ji PD, other characters were set to perform in Gongjin Village's "Lighthouse Song Festival". According to the production team, the festival was the most important scene in the sixth episode. It was a scene that took a long time to film and involved the largest number of people. They also must faced many difficulties due to the weather during the rainy season while following the quarantine rules because of the COVID-19 situation.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Music director Lim Ha-young was responsible for selecting all of featured songs, however writer Shin Ha-eun, director Yoo Je-won, actors and crews also actively gave ideas. The opening stage of the festival was the stage of Gongjin's pride, Oh Yeon, who sung his only hit song, “Exercising in the Moonlight.” Jo Han-chul sang and played the guitar live to revive realistic festival atmosphere. “Exercising in the Moonlight” is actually an old song composed by Lim back in the nineties. Lim select an old song for realistic nineties sound apt for the second place in the 1993 K-pop Top 10 Gayo, best achievement of the nineties singer, Oh Yeon.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: The ending stage of "Lighthouse Song Festival" was surprise performance from idol group DOS with their hit song, “Just a Feeling.” Among the five members of DOS, two characters who originally casts in the drama are Jun (Seong-tae) and In-woo (EPEX Baek-seung). The rest of the idol members were from the choreographer team. According to Jo Young-seo and Kim Do-gyun, their appearance in the drama was a sudden decision. When they choreographed dance for “Just a Feeling,” they were invited to appear in the drama and act as idols themselves. The five of them then went through a month dance practice in order to complete the perfect image of DOS. Jo Young-seo and Kim Do-gyun are actually choreographers and dancers from group named Dance of Soul (DOS), known as choreograper for hit television show, Mr. Trot. In an interview, Jo mention that the original group name in the drama was 'Choice', however writer Shin Ha-eun changed the name into DOS.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Episodes title of "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" were written in official wallpaper of each episode in the drama official website.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: The series' original script was published into two books; each covers eight episodes. The official release date was scheduled on early November 2021.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: On November 30, 2021, "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha Photo Essay" was scheduled to be published, but was canceled due unfortunate circumstances. However, on October 17, 2022, publication of the photo essay was finally confirmed. Photo essay will be published in a package of two books; each covers eight episodes.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" soundtrack album written by music director Lim Ha-young contains 11 songs (including singles) and 32 score pieces from the series. It features vocal performances from Car, the Garden, Kassy, Cheeze, Choi Yu-ree, Kim Jae-hwan, Sandeul, Seungmin (Stray Kids), and Lee Sang-yi. This sound source compilation consists of a total of 43 tracks. Along with the 8 previously released OST songs, 'Just a Feeling' of fictonal idol group 'DOS' in the drama, which was requested by viewers a lot, and two songs 'Oh Yoon', the superstar of 'Gongjin' played by actor Jo Han-chul, 'Exercise at the Moonlit Night' and 'End and Beginning' were added. A total of 11 songs, were recorded, and 32 carefully selected score tracks were included to fully feel the emotion of "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" and the afterglow of the drama. It is expected to be a surprise gift for fans who are missing the song.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: On July 18, 2022, "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" soundtrack album also released in LP version. It was ranked 9 in "the Circle Chart Retail Album Chart" on July 19th, 2022 with 891 copies sold.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: During its airing, "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" managed to enter Top Ten in Content Power Index (CPI) powered by RACOI. It was first entered Top 10 (Rank 6th) in drama category in the 4th week of August (from 23rd to 29th). In first and second week of September, the drama rank 3rd place drama category and 4th in overall category. In third week of September, the drama rank 2nd place in the drama category and 3rd in the overall category. For four weeks in a row, from 4th week of September 2021 to 2nd week of October 2021, "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" was ranked 1st in drama category. For overall category, in 4th and 5th week of September the drama rank 2nd. After slight drop in 1st week of October to 4th place in overall category, the drama was back to 2nd rank in 2nd week of October.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" also generated buzz according to "Good Data Corporation". It was charting in "Top 10 in TV Topicality Ranking" in drama division category since 3rd week of August 2021 to 2nd week of October 2021. In 3rd week of August 2021, "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" ranked 8th. In 4th week of August 2021, 1st week and 2nd week of September, the drama secured the third rank. It climbed to 2nd rank in 3rd week week of September, 2021. "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" finally, won the top spot in drama popularity in the 4th week of September and 1st week of October 2021. The main leads, Kim Seon-ho and Shin Min-a ranked 1st and 2nd in consecutive weeks from 3rd week of August 2021 to the 4th week of September. In the 5th week of September, Kim Seon-ho ranked 2nd and Shin Min-a 3rd. On the 1st and 2nd week of October 2021, Kim Seon-ho back to rank first in the 1st and 2nd week of October 2021. Meanwhile, Shin Min-a in the 1st week of October 2021, ranked 5th. She was back to rank 3rd in 2nd week of October 2021.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" also enter top 20 of 'FUNdex' (rank 17th) which recorded 83.13 points out of 355 Korean dramas aired from 2018 to 2021. 'FUNdex' provides fun and box office predictions of content by integrating six data: the number of household viewers, the number of 2049 viewers, topicality, performer topicality, clip views, and media attention. "Good Data Corporation" data and public data provided by RACOI were also used.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: On April 18, 2022, the result of "The 2021" "Big Data Utilization Hallyu Market Research" was announced. The report was published by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and The Korean Foundation for International Cultural Exchange (KOFICE). Topic of this report is about the public interest in the Korean Wave. It analyzed the current status of Korean Wave by collecting and analyzing voluntary global reactions that occur online in real-time. "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha", along with its leads, Kim Seonho and Shin Min-a were included in the most searched (prominent keywords) related to K-drama on the report.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Drama popularity also had direct impact to main leads brand reputation. According of big data analysis by The Korea Corporate Reputation Research Institute, in September 2021, Kim Seon-ho topped the drama actor brand reputation and Shin Min-a was listed in third position. The institute analyzed 99,640,608 brand big data of 50 actors appearing in dramas aired from August 20, 2021 to September 20, 2021 as consumers' brand participation, media volume, traffic volume, and communication volume. It was measured and indexed with a brand reputation algorithm. Compared to the drama actor brand big data in August 2021, it increased by 21.00%.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: A year-end poll that Gallup conducted in South Korea named Kim Seon-ho as Gallup Korea's Television Actor of the Year, while Shin Min-a was listed in second position.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" commercial success had impact to its production house commercial performance. The sales of Studio Dragon third quarter of 2021 were , up 27.7% from the same period last year. The proportion of sales was 55.9%, an increase of 8.1% compared to the same period last year. GTist, who participated in the production company of the drama "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha", is considered to have made a full profit in 2021 (net profit of ). CJ ENM, parent company of GTist, Studio Dragon, and tvN recorded sales of and operating profit of on a consolidated basis in the third quarter of 2021. Compared to the third quarter of 2020, sales increased by 7.4% and operating profit by 23.6%. TV advertisements and content sales increased by 22.9% and 33.3%, respectively, compared to the same period in 2020. This was attributed to sales of major dramas including "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha".


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Popularity of the drama coined the term “Gaetcha Craze”. Properties featured in the drama saw an increase in sales. The wine that Yoon Hye-jin gifted to Hong Du-sik in episodes 5, got a rush of orders and was temporarily sold out. The bag worn by Yoon Hye-jin also sold out. In addition, inquiries about other clothes, jewelry, and shoes Shin wore are flooding in. Yoon Hye-jin’s fashion was gaining popularity due to mixed of sophisticated fashion with her unique and lovely charm.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Kim Haeng-sook’ poetry book, "Portrait of Echo", gained renewed attention after one of the poem "The Gatekeeper" was featured in the drama. It has never been on the bestseller list since it was released in 2014, but thanks to "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha," it was rediscovered by the public after 7 years. It rose to the second bestseller list in the Kyobo Bookstore's poetry section in the first week of October. It also entered the 3rd bestseller list in the Yes 24 Korean poetry category as of the second week of October. Korean translation book of Henry David Thoreau's "Walden", which Hong Ban-jang read in episode 2, was ranking 11th on the bestseller list in the Yes 24 essay category as of the second week of October. As a result of analyzing the book sales growth rate for one week before and after "Walden" and "Portrait of Echo", starting with the exposure date of "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha", Yes24 showed high sales growth rates of 369% and 3,257%, respectively.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Yes24 reported, that the limited first editions (the writer's edition) of unedited scriptbook "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha 1" and "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha 2," which contain autographs and messages from writer Shin Ha-eun, actors Shin Min-a and Kim Seon-ho, reached the top of the overall bestseller list within one day of pre-sale, and over 9,000 copies were booked on the day of publication alone and proved its popularity. As for the purchasing age of the script book, people in their 20s (36.8%) and 30s (32.4%) had the highest share, followed by people in their 40s (18.7%) and teenagers (7.4%). The male to female ratio was approximately 1:9. According to the official from Aladin, the script soared to the number one spot on Aladin’s bestsellers list on October 16, 2021. “We have been selling the scripts of popular dramas, but a drama script topping the bestseller list is rare,” an Aladin official told "The Korea Herald".


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" largely received positive critical feedback, primarily for its simplicity, acting by the cast, beautiful cinematography and setting, and warm and healing vibe. "Variety" selected "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" as one of "The Best International TV Shows of 2021". At rank sixth, the story’s simplicity and lightheartedness has a refreshing vibe amid the doom and gloom of the pandemic. On 21st December 2021 NME unveiled the "The Best Kdrama of 2021", in which the series was ranked eighth. According to them, the show won viewers over with its upfront and straightforward approach in dealing with different dilemmas, without being overly preachy and tacky. Every episode is like a warm embrace from those once-strangers-turned-family, offering comfort and respite whether you’re experiencing the highs or lows of every day. Graham Falk of "The Scotsman" also included the series on the list of "Best K-drama TV shows on Netflix: The 10 most highly rated Korean dramas on Netflix.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Jan Lee of "The Straits Times" gave the drama a rating of 4/5 stars, pointing out three reasons to tune in to "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" were idyllic setting, charming leads and colourful supporting characters. Piere Conran from South China Morning Post gave the drama a rating of 3.5/5 stars and said that the hit romcom kept things simple and though it occasionally indulged in some hokey dramatics to strengthen its wafer-thin narrative, it was never in danger of alienating its committed audience, which was hooked to the last.”


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: S. Poorvaja from The Hindu said, “Ultimately, "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" is a good example of how K-dramas can get romance right, even as it attempts to provide more nuance and depth into the struggles of its lead characters. For everyone who has had their minds blown by "Squid Game," this outing is a worthy representation of what else K-dramas excel at: slice-of-life goodness and wholesome romance of the best kind.” Carolyn Hinds from "But Why Tho? A Geek Community", said, “Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha is a charming and sweet rom-com that’s the perfect palate cleanser if you’ve been watching a lot of heavy dramas and films recently.”


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Professor Mo Jong-rin, a professor at Yonsei University Graduate School of International Studies praised the series as fresh. Professor Mo suggest that, ""Netflix", the provider, may not have intended it, but the "Squid Game" and "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" are logically connected. The community of "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" is an alternative solution to the reality of the "Squid Game". I'm sorry to the "Squid Game" fans, but I honestly want foreigners to remember Korea as a warm country that presented a community alternative to the problem, not a country that criticized reality in a provocative way.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Joel Keller of Decider gave a mixed review, "There’s enough good things about "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha", including the seashore scenery and the chemistry between the show’s leads, to recommend it. But it moves so slowly at times, the momentum comes close to grinding to a halt."


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: One of Pop Culture Critics, Jung Deok-hyeon of "PD Journal" described "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" as "Soft Healing Drama". Bang Yeon-joo, Pop Culture Critic from "PD Journal" was more mixed in the review, pointing towards some disappointing points, “The role of men and women did not deviate from the typical composition while portraying the difference in personality between Du-sik and Hye-jin in three dimensions. The episodes when “nosy” Du-sik appeared and saved Hye-jin whenever she was in crisis were a cliche setting that defined Hye-jin only as a "damsel in distress".Further more pointed out that the drama was a box office success despite its plain subject matter and genre. “This is because not only the romance between men and women in Gongjin, a seaside town, but also the story of the townsfolk's affectionate characters was built up one by one, bringing in calming fun.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Columnist Jung Deok-hyeon from "Entermedia" also shared the same sentiment. Particularly about scene of a house trespasser who appeared out of nowhere to advance the relationship between Yoon Hye-jin and Hong Du-sik as the weakness of the drama. Mentioned the cliché that may have been accepted in the past, were difficult to accept with the changed sensibilities of today. Despite these many weaknesses, the viewer response to was not bad, that’s because the fantasy drawn through the virtual space of Gongjin in this drama was that powerful. In a competitive reality like the die-and-kill Squid Game.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: There was also an increase in visitors at the various filming sites of "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha." It contributed to a positive economic effect to Pohang tourism. The place in the drama quickly emerged as an essential course in Pohang tourism. It is said that the surrounding commercial district and the local economy have been revived thanks to the drama.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Popularity of the drama also contributed to Yangju tourism. Featured in the 12th episode of "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" was Chang Ucchin Museum of Art, founded in 2014 by The Chang Ucchin Foundation in collaboration with the city of Yangju. According to Yangju City, the unique structure of the white museum building and the harmony of the surrounding nature caught the viewers' attention, suggesting that more and more people are looking for information about the museum.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: On November 24th, 2021 "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" contents was released through LG U+ XR platform U+DIVe. Studio Dragon used its premium IP to present virtual reality (VR) contents in partnership with Korea Tourism Organization and LG U+. This project started with the goal of promoting Korea' beautiful tourist destinations with drama content as a medium. All content was filmed in VR, and tourist places with unique emotions, were filmed in 3D 180-degree high-definition video to double the vividness. Lee Sang-yi reprised his role as Ji PD and became virtual guide of Gongjin VR tour.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: Following its release on Netflix, "Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha" became one of the platform's most-watched non-English television shows. According to FlixPatrol, a website providing global rankings for shows on Netflix, the series placed number 8 on its global chart. It remained on Netflix's non-English popular television show list for 16 weeks, and reached the top 10 charts in more than 20 countries.


title: Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

text: It also remained on Netflix's Top 10 Chart for television shows for more than two months from its last episode.


title: Pubic hair

text: Pubic hair is terminal body hair that is found in the genital area of adolescent and adult humans. The hair is located on and around the sex organs and sometimes at the top of the inside of the thighs. In the pubic region around the pubis bone, it is known as a "pubic patch". Pubic hair is also found on the scrotum in the male and on the vulva in the female.


title: Pubic hair

text: Although fine vellus hair is present in the area in childhood, pubic hair is considered to be the heavier, longer and coarser hair that develops during puberty as an effect of rising levels of androgens in males and estrogens in females. Pubic hair differs from other hair on the body and is a secondary sex characteristic. Many cultures regard pubic hair as erotic, and in most cultures it is associated with the genitals, which both men and women are expected to keep covered at all times. In some cultures, it is the norm for pubic hair to be removed, especially of females; the practice is regarded as part of personal hygiene. In other cultures, the exposure of pubic hair (for example, when wearing a swimsuit) may be regarded as unaesthetic or embarrassing and is therefore trimmed or otherwise styled to avoid it being visible.


title: Pubic hair

text: Pubic hair forms in response to the increasing levels of testosterone in both girls and boys. Those hair follicles that are located and stimulated in androgen sensitive areas develop pubic hair. The Tanner scale describes and quantifies the development of pubic hair. Before the onset of puberty, the genital area of both boys and girls has very fine vellus hair (stage 1). At the onset of puberty, the body produces rising levels of the sex hormones, and in response, the skin of the genital area begins to produce thicker and rougher, often curlier, hair with a faster growth rate. The onset of pubic hair development is termed pubarche.


title: Pubic hair

text: In males, the first pubic hair appears as a few sparse hairs that are usually thin on the scrotum or at the upper base of the penis (stage 2). Within a year, hairs around the base of the penis are abundant (stage 3). Within 3 to 4 years, hair fills the pubic area (stage 4) and becomes much thicker and darker, and by 5 years extends to the near thighs and upwards on the abdomen toward the umbilicus (stage 5).


title: Pubic hair

text: Other areas of the skin are similarly, though slightly less, sensitive to androgens and androgenic hair typically appears somewhat later. In rough sequence of sensitivity to androgens and appearance of androgenic hair are the armpits (axillae), perianal area, upper lip, preauricular areas (sideburns), periareolar areas (nipples), middle of the chest, neck under the chin, remainder of chest and beard area, limbs and shoulders, back, and buttocks. Although generally considered part of the process of puberty, pubarche is distinct and independent of the process of maturation of the gonads that leads to sexual maturation and fertility. Pubic hair can develop from adrenal androgens alone and can develop even when the ovaries or testes are defective and nonfunctional. There is little, if any, difference in the capacity of male and female bodies to grow hair in response to androgens.


title: Pubic hair

text: Pubic hair and underarm hair can vary in color considerably from the hair of the scalp. In most people, it is darker, although it can also be lighter. In most cases it is most similar in color to a person's eyebrows.


title: Pubic hair

text: Hair texture varies from tightly curled to entirely straight, not necessarily correlating to the texture of the scalp hair. People of East Asian heritage tend to have straight, wavy pubic hair.


title: Pubic hair

text: Pubic hair patterns can vary by race and ethnicity. Patterns of pubic hair, known as the "escutcheon", vary between sexes. On most females, the pubic patch is triangular and lies over the vulva and mons pubis. On many males, the pubic patch tapers upwards to a line of hair pointing towards the navel (see abdominal hair), roughly a more upward-pointing triangle. As with axillary (armpit) hair, pubic hair is associated with a concentration of sebaceous glands in the area.


title: Pubic hair

text: Pubic hair can become infested with pubic lice (also known as crab lice). Adult pubic lice are in length. The pubic hair can usually host up to a dozen on average. Pubic lice are usually found attached to hair in the pubic area but sometimes are found on coarse hair elsewhere on the body (for example, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, mustache, chest, armpits, etc.). Crab lice attach to pubic hair that is thicker than other body hair because their claws are adapted to the specific diameter of pubic hair. Pubic lice infestations (pthiriasis) are usually spread through sexual contact.