title: Michael Scott (The Office)

text: The show often uses the joke "that's what she said", which was popularized by the "Wayne's World" sketch on "Saturday Night Live". In the original BBC version of "The Office", Ricky Gervais's character David Brent frequently used the similar phrase "as the actress said to the bishop" as an inappropriate joke. Michael inserts the phrase as a sexually suggestive double entendre even in the most inappropriate circumstances, including business meetings and legal depositions. Michael finds uttering the phrase so irresistible that in "Sexual Harassment" he is goaded into saying it by Jim, just seconds after Jan Levinson and a lawyer from corporate specifically ask him not to do so. The phrase has become so associated with the character that the television show "30 Rock" in the episode "TGS Hates Women", there was a scene in which Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) becomes infuriated at another character's use of the catchphrase, exclaiming, "Steve Carell owns 'That's What She Said,' okay? He owns it!" In the episode "Goodbye, Michael", "that's what she said" was Steve Carell's final line as a series regular, and was his first line upon returning as a guest star in "Finale".


title: Michael Scott (The Office)

text: Although originally based on David Brent, Scott developed into a significantly different character than his British counterpart. Whereas Brent is shown to be irredeemably incompetent, Scott is portrayed as an outstanding salesman who is unwisely promoted to a management role to which he appears completely ill-suited. (In a scathing performance review during episode eight of season two, Jan Levinson suggests that Scott should be removed from his management role and return to sales.) Scott is thus an apt example of the Peter Principle which states that competent persons in a hierarchical organization will "rise to the level of their incompetence" after which they will not advance.


title: Michael Scott (The Office)

text: Despite his failings, Scott has been oddly successful as regional manager. This is attributed, in part, to his weakness of procrastination wherein he typically forfeits a bad choice by seeking the advice of his more competent subordinates (such as Jim, Oscar, or Darryl) and uses their recommendations. Scott's success is also partly attributed to his main strength: genuinely caring about the well-being of the office and treating his employees like family. When he took over the Scranton Branch he decreased costs by 17%, without firing any personnel. After the merger of the two branches Scott does not lose a single client despite a great deal of employee turnover (much of which he was directly responsible for). He received a $3,000 bonus for firing Devon, most likely because his doing so saved the company around $50,000. Although it is suggested that Brent has had similar success, such claims only ever come from Brent himself, thus making them unreliable.


title: Michael Scott (The Office)

text: Scott's social immaturity and inability to cope with responsibility is balanced with a personality that is much more caring than Brent's, even if both make unwise comments in the heat of the moment. Unlike Brent, who pretends to be friendly with many of his employees purely for the benefit of the cameras, Scott seems to genuinely like his colleagues, with the exception of Human Resources Director Toby Flenderson. Scott's need to be liked by his staff and his belief that people see him as a genuine friend leads him to become very hurt when he realizes this is not the case. Most, if not all, of Scott's managerial blunders can be directly correlated with the degree to which he desires to be liked by his employees or jealously seeks their approval.


title: Michael Scott (The Office)

text: The DVD commentary to the pilot episode suggests that Scott's character continues a process begun in the second UK series, in which Gervais and Merchant intentionally made Brent less nasty, and more of a buffoon. It is said in the commentary that Gervais and Merchant suggested that this be applied to Scott. This also reflects a general change in the US version's attitude, which is more sympathetic to the characters, and tones down the cruel humor of the original. The commentary also says that Steve Carell had not seen more than a few minutes of the original UK series when he was offered the role of Scott, and has since made a conscious decision not to watch it in case it influences his own performance. During an interview on Marc Maron's podcast, Jenna Fischer said that, when initially developing the show, Gervais explained that it is much more common in the UK for people to spend many years working at jobs that they dislike or are unfit for than it is in the US, which is why Michael Scott is portrayed as being significantly more successful in the workplace than was Brent.


title: Michael Scott (The Office)

text: The show's writers have said that the 2005 hit movie "The 40-Year-Old Virgin" provided very useful guidance as they refined the character along with Steve Carell between the first and second seasons. Michael Scott wore a large amount of hair gel and dressed sloppily in Season 1, but by Season 2 he had a more conventional haircut and dressed much more neatly. Also, while Michael is often rude and nasty in Season 1, he is generally nicer and less hard-edged in subsequent seasons.


title: Michael Scott (The Office)

text: In the seventh-season episode "The Seminar", Michael in fact briefly meets David Brent in an office lobby and they establish an immediate rapport, joking together and generally signalling that they would have been good friends.


title: Superman Returns

text: Superman Returns is a 2006 American superhero film directed by Bryan Singer and written by Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris from a story by Singer, Dougherty and Harris based on the DC Comics character Superman. It is the sixth and final installment in the original "Superman" film series and serves as an homage sequel to "Superman" (1978) and "Superman II" (1980), while ignoring the events of "Superman III" (1983), "Supergirl" (1984), and "" (1987). The film stars Brandon Routh as Clark Kent/Superman, Kate Bosworth as Lois Lane, Kevin Spacey as Lex Luthor, with James Marsden, Frank Langella, and Parker Posey. The film tells the story of the title character returning to Earth after a five-year absence. He finds that his love interest Lois Lane has moved on with her life, and that his archenemy Lex Luthor is plotting a scheme to kill Superman and reshape North America.


title: Superman Returns

text: After a series of unsuccessful projects to resurrect "Superman" on screen following the critical and financial failure of "The Quest for Peace", Warner Bros. Pictures hired Bryan Singer to direct and develop "Superman Returns" in July 2004. The majority of principal photography took place at Fox Studios Australia, Sydney, while the visual effects sequences were created by a number of studios, including Sony Pictures Imageworks, Rhythm & Hues, Framestore, Rising Sun Pictures, and The Orphanage; filming began in March 2005 and ended in November.


title: Superman Returns

text: Upon release, the film received generally positive reviews from critics, who complimented its visual effects, story, and Singer's direction. However, it received criticism focusing on its runtime and lack of action sequences. Even though it was the ninth highest-grossing film of 2006, Warner Bros. was disappointed with the worldwide box office return of the film, cancelling a sequel planned for 2009 as a result. The "Superman" film series was completely rebooted in 2013 with "Man of Steel", directed by Zack Snyder, starring Henry Cavill as Superman, and launching the DC Extended Universe. Routh later reprised his role as Superman in the 2019 Arrowverse crossover "Crisis on Infinite Earths".


title: Superman Returns

text: Superman has been missing for five years, since traveling to the location where astronomers believed they had discovered the remains of Krypton. During his absence, Superman's nemesis Lex Luthor was released from prison and married a rich widow to obtain her fortune upon her death. Superman, having failed in his quest to find surviving Kryptonians, returns to Earth and, as Clark Kent, resumes his job at the "Daily Planet" in Metropolis. He subsequently learns that Lois Lane has won the Pulitzer Prize for her article "Why the World Doesn't Need Superman." Meanwhile, Luthor travels to the Fortress of Solitude and steals Kryptonian crystals, which he uses for an experiment that causes a power outage on the East Coast. The power loss interferes with the flight test of a Space Shuttle to be launched into space from its piggy-back mounting on an airliner, occupied by Lois Lane, who is covering the shuttle story. Clark flies into action as Superman and stops the plane from crashing onto a baseball stadium.


title: Superman Returns

text: The world rejoices at Superman's return, but he has difficulty coping with Lois' fiancé, Richard White, nephew of "Daily Planet" editor-in-chief Perry White, and their 5-year-old son, Jason. With Superman distracted by an out-of-control vehicle (a diversion involving Luthor's henchwoman, Kitty Kowalski), Luthor steals Kryptonite from the Metropolis Museum of Natural History. Perry then assigns Lois to interview Superman while Clark investigates the blackout. Lois and Jason inadvertently board Luthor's yacht and are captured after Lois decides to hold interest in the blackout story, which she connects to Luthor's experiment. He reveals to them his grand scheme of using one of the stolen Kryptonian crystals, which he has combined with the Kryptonite, to grow a new continental landmass in the Northern Atlantic Ocean that will supplant the continental United States and kill millions of innocent people.


title: Superman Returns

text: Seeing Jason seemingly have a slight reaction to Kryptonite, Luthor asks who Jason's father really is; Lois asserts that the father is Richard. The crystal begins to create Luthor's new landmass, while Lois attempts to escape but is attacked by a henchman. Jason throws a piano at the henchman, killing him and showing that he is actually Superman's son. Meanwhile, Superman is attempting to minimize the destruction in Metropolis caused by the new landmass' growth when Richard arrives in a sea plane to rescue Lois and Jason. Superman soon arrives to help and then flies off to find Luthor.


title: Superman Returns

text: Meeting Luthor, Superman discovers the landmass is filled with Kryptonite, which weakens him to the point that Luthor and his henchmen are able to brutalize and torture him. Superman is stabbed by Luthor with a shard of Kryptonite before he falls into the ocean and is left to drown. Lois makes Richard turn back to rescue Superman, whereupon she removes the Kryptonite from his back. Superman, after regaining his strength from the sun, lifts the landmass after putting layers of earth between him and the Kryptonite. Luthor and Kitty escape in their helicopter; Kitty, unwilling to let millions of people die, tosses away the crystals that Lex stole from the Fortress of Solitude. She and Luthor are stranded on a desert island when their helicopter runs out of fuel. Superman pushes the landmass into space with the crystals trapped on the landmass, but is weakened by the Kryptonite and crashes back to Earth. Doctors remove more Kryptonite from Superman's wound, but after it is removed they cannot penetrate his skin with their surgical tools. While Superman remains in a coma, Lois and Jason visit him at the hospital where Lois whispers a secret into Superman's ear and then kisses him. Superman later awakens and flies to visit Jason, reciting his father Jor-El's last speech to Jason as he sleeps. Lois starts writing another article, titled "Why the World Needs Superman". Superman reassures her that he is now back to stay, and flies off to low orbit, where he gazes down at the world once again.


title: Superman Returns

text: Marlon Brando appears posthumously as Jor-El, Superman's biological father. Brando, who died in 2004, reprises his role from the 1978 film through the use of previous footage combined with computer-generated imagery. This required negotiations with Brando's estate for permission to have his footage used. Singer explained, "We had access to all of the Brando footage that was shot. There was unused footage that had Brando reciting poems, trailing off subject and swearing like a sailor." Tristan Lake Leabu stars as Jason White, the son of Lois Lane and Superman. The question of whether Superman or Richard is Jason's father is initially unclear. He suffers from asthma and other ailments, but it is later revealed that he is the son of Superman, when he displays superhuman strength and discomfort around Kryptonite.


title: Superman Returns

text: Peta Wilson appears as NASA spokeswoman Bobbie-Faye. Jack Larson, who portrayed Jimmy Olsen in the 1950s television series "Adventures of Superman", makes a cameo appearance as Bo the bartender, possibly based on Bibbo Bibbowski. Noel Neill—who portrayed Lois Lane in the television series and the film serials "Superman" (1948) and "Atom Man vs. Superman" (1950)—appears as Luthor's elderly wife Gertrude Vanderworth. Richard Branson cameos as the engineer aboard the space shuttle. Another of Luthor's henchmen (Riley) is played by Australian Rugby League footballer Ian Roberts.


title: Superman Returns

text: Director, screenwriter and producer Bryan Singer conceived the storyline of "Superman returning to Earth after a five-year absence" during the filming of "X2" (2003). He presented the idea to "X-Men" (2000) and "X2" producer Lauren Shuler Donner and her husband Richard Donner, director of "Superman" (1978). Donner greeted Singer's idea with positive feedback. In March 2004, Warner Bros. Pictures was commencing pre-production on "Superman: Flyby", which had a target theatrical release date of June 2006. McG was signed to direct with a script by J. J. Abrams, but dropped out in June 2004. That same month, Singer was approached by Warner Bros. to pitch his idea for "Superman Returns", as he was preparing to leave for Hawaii on a short vacation with his "X2" writers Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris. While in Hawaii, Singer, Dougherty and Harris began to outline the film treatment. In July 2004, Singer signed on to direct and develop "Superman Returns".


title: Superman Returns

text: Although he was not a comic book fan, Singer was most impressed with Donner's 1978 film, citing it as an influence of his, Dougherty and Harris's writing. With Singer's hiring, he dropped out of "" (2006) and also had the "Logan's Run" remake pushed back. "Superman Returns" was financed 50/50 between Warner Bros. and Legendary Pictures, and pre-production began in November 2004. By February 2005, Dougherty and Harris had written six drafts of the script. Early versions of the script contained references to the September 11 attacks before they were removed.


title: Superman Returns

text: Jim Caviezel expressed interest in playing the role of Superman but Director Singer believed only an unknown actor would be suitable for the part of Superman. Brandon Routh was chosen from thousands of candidates interviewed at casting calls in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. He had coincidentally auditioned for Clark Kent in the television series "Smallville", but lost to Tom Welling. Routh had also met director Joseph "McG" Nichol for the role during pre-production of "". Dana Reeve, wife of Christopher Reeve, believed Routh's physical resemblance to her late husband was striking. To obtain the muscular physique to play Superman convincingly, Routh underwent a strict bodybuilding exercise regimen. Prior to Routh's casting, Singer had "X2" actor Daniel Cudmore audition. Henry Cavill, Sam Heughan, Glenn Howerton and Chris Pratt also auditioned; Cavill would later portray Superman in several DC Extended Universe films.


title: Superman Returns

text: Kevin Spacey was the only actor considered for Lex Luthor, because of his Oscar-winning performance in Singer's film "The Usual Suspects" (1995), and friendship with the director. The writers specifically had Spacey in mind for the part when writing the script.


title: Superman Returns

text: For the part of Lois Lane, Spacey recommended Kate Bosworth to Singer for the role, because she had co-starred with Spacey in "Beyond the Sea" (2004) as Sandra Dee. Claire Danes and Keri Russell were reportedly also considered. Amy Adams, who would later be cast as Lois Lane in the 2013 reboot "Man of Steel", confirmed in an interview that she had also auditioned for Lois in 2005. Adams had previously auditioned for Lois in 2003 when Brett Ratner was planning to direct "Superman: Flyby". Bosworth studied Katharine Hepburn's acting for inspiration, particularly in "The Philadelphia Story" (1940) and "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner" (1967), as well as Julia Roberts in "Erin Brockovich" (2000).


title: Superman Returns

text: Hugh Laurie was originally cast as Perry White, but he was unable to film due to commitments to the TV show "House"; the part went to Frank Langella.


title: Superman Returns

text: Singer offered the role of Jimmy Olsen to Shawn Ashmore but declined due to his commitments to ""; the part went to Sam Huntington.


title: Superman Returns

text: Warner Bros. Pictures considered shooting "Superman Returns" at Warner Roadshow Studios in the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. After filming, this could have been used as an attraction for the adjoining Warner Bros. Movie World theme park, but the idea was scrapped for being too expensive. Set construction started in January 2005 at Fox Studios Australia for the film's 60 setpieces, while the start date was pushed back for two weeks. In an attempt to avoid public attention, "Superman Returns" carried the fake working title of "Red Sun" during filming. Starting in late March 2005, principal photography lasted until November. Filming of "Superman Returns" in New South Wales constituted hiring thousands of local workers, generating over $100 million into the local economy. 80% of filming took place at Fox Studios Australia, occupying all nine sound stages. Scenes set in Smallville were shot at Breeza, while the Australian Museum doubled for the Metropolis Museum of Natural History.


title: Superman Returns

text: "Superman Returns" was shot using Panavision's Genesis digital camera. Production designer Guy Hendrix Dyas was influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright's Johnson Wax Headquarters for the design of the "Daily Planet". ESC Entertainment was originally set to design the visual effects sequences, but Warner Bros. replaced them with the hiring of Mark Stetson from Sony Pictures Imageworks as the visual effects supervisor. A total of 1,400 visual effects shots were created. The script required a scene of Superman safely delivering a Boeing 777 in a baseball park where computer-generated imagery was used as it would have been impossible to assemble the number of extras for the shots. A second unit crew traveled to Dodger Stadium to photograph elements that were composited into the final images. The scenes of Metropolis was actually a modified version of the skyline of Manhattan. Using footage from the original "Superman" (1978) film as a reference point, Marlon Brando was re-created by Rhythm & Hues using CGI. The opening credits for "Superman Returns" are presented in an intended recreation of the style used for "Superman", again to the accompaniment of John Williams's theme music.


title: Superman Returns

text: Singer hired regular collaborator John Ottman as editor and film score composer months before the script was written. Ottman said in past interviews that John Williams, who composed the 1978 film, had influenced his decision to become a musician. He was both cautious and enthusiastic to work on "Superman Returns". Ottman commented: "Bryan [Singer] said he wouldn't even greenlight the movie if he couldn't use the John Williams music. It was important for me to preserve the Williams theme right down to every single note for the opening titles". Ottman referred to his work on "Superman Returns" as a homage to, not a ripoff of, Williams.


title: Superman Returns

text: Originally budgeted at $184.5 million, Warner Bros. placed the final production cost at $223 million, coming down to $204 million after factoring in tax rebates and incentives. Taking into account the development costs since the early 1990s, total expenditure is estimated to be around $263 million, with up to a further $100 million spent on worldwide marketing.


title: Superman Returns

text: Warner Bros. promoted "Superman Returns" at 2005 San Diego Comic-Con International. Singer and screenwriters Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris came up with the idea of publishing a prequel limited series, spanning four comic book issues. The stories were written by Jimmy Palmiotti, Marc Andreyko, and Justin Gray, with artwork by Karl Kerschl and Matt Haley. During production, a series of "video diaries" on the Internet were released at BlueTights.net, showing behind-the-scenes work being done. After 27 installments, the video diaries stopped for a while shortly before the teaser trailer debuted on November 18, 2005 with "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire". The main theatrical trailer premiered online on May 2, 2006. The trailer appeared in theaters on May 5, with prints of "", while the international trailer came with "The Da Vinci Code" and "". DC Comics published a comics adaptation by artist Matt Haley and writer Martin Pasko, Marv Wolfman wrote a novelization, and Electronic Arts developed a video game based on both the movie and the comics.


title: Superman Returns

text: The estimated cost of marketing "Superman Returns" in the United States was $45.5 million, the second-highest of the year behind Disney's $53.5 million campaign for "Cars". Warner Bros. made tie-in deals with General Mills, Burger King, Duracell, Pepsi, Doritos, Papa John's Pizza, 7-Eleven and Colgate. The film was also advertised with Red Bull Racing Formula One cars at the 2006 Monaco Grand Prix. David Coulthard managed to get the team's first top three finish that day; on the podium, he wore a Superman cape in celebration of his achievement. NASCAR Sprint Cup champion Jeff Gordon also sported the "Man of Steel" look by promoting the movie on his #24 Chevrolet Monte Carlo in the 2006 Pepsi 400 at Daytona International Speedway. Troy Bayliss appeared in promotional "Superman" leathers and sported a cape on the podium following a win and a 2nd place at the 2006 Brands Hatch Superbike World Championship round on his way to winning that year's championship. The National Geographic Channel released "The Science of Superman" on June 29, 2006: a television special that studied popular science analogies with the Superman mythos. Singer admitted at 2006 Comic-Con International that he was dissatisfied with the marketing and promotion. "A lot of people did their job, and a lot didn't".


title: Superman Returns

text: Bryan Singer convinced Warner Bros. not to experiment with test screenings. In addition, Singer removed 15 minutes of footage from "Superman Returns" after showing it to some of his "trusted associates". The final theatrical time length ran at 154 minutes. Warner Bros. originally slated the movie for release on Friday, June 30, but moved it up to Wednesday, June 28. "Superman Returns" was released on June 28, 2006, in the United States and Canada in 4,065 theaters. During its opening day, it earned $21 million, becoming the eighth-highest Wednesday opening day and the second-highest for a superhero film, behind "Spider-Man 2". The film ranked at the top in its opening weekend, grossing $52.5 million. With a total gross of $84.6 million, "Superman Returns" dethroned "The Matrix Revolutions" to have the biggest five-day Wednesday opening for a Warner Bros. film.


title: Superman Returns

text: "Superman Returns: An IMAX 3D Experience" was released simultaneously in 111 IMAX-format theatres worldwide, which included 20 minutes of converted 3D film material. It was the first Hollywood full-length live-action film to be released in this combined format. One of the key scenes Singer took out was "the Return to Krypton sequence". Ten million dollars was spent on this sequence alone, but it was deleted. Singer noted that it could not be released as part of a DVD featurette because it was converted to IMAX 3D. He hoped it could have appeared in an IMAX reissue. The film's second-week gross rapidly declined from the first week, due to the presence of "" and "The Devil Wears Prada". By October, the film had crossed the $200 million mark, becoming the fifth film of the 2006 summer season to do so. "Superman Returns" went on to gross $200.1 million in North America and $191 million internationally, earning $391.1 million worldwide. Domestically, the film was the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2006. In worldwide totals, "Superman Returns" was ninth-highest.


title: Superman Returns

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, "Superman Returns" has an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The site's critical consensus reads, "Bryan Singer's reverent and visually decadent adaptation gives the Man of Steel welcome emotional complexity. The result: a satisfying stick-to-your-ribs adaptation." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 72 out of 100, based on 40 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Superman Returns

text: Richard Corliss of "Time" praised "Superman Returns", calling it one of the best superhero films. He was mostly impressed with Singer's direction and the storyline. Joe Morgenstern from "The Wall Street Journal" also gave a positive review, but observed Routh's and Bosworth's acting was "somewhat dead or super average. Nothing special." Morgenstern believed Lex Luthor's characterization was "well written by the writers and well played by Kevin Spacey". He also praised Newton Thomas Sigel's cinematography and Guy Hendrix Dyas's production design.


title: Superman Returns

text: Peter Travers, writing in "Rolling Stone", felt the film "perfectly updates Superman for the modern audience". J. Hoberman of "The Village Voice" called it "surprisingly well made. It's a summer blockbuster filled with mythology and sensitivity." James Berardinelli reacted positively to the movie, comparing it favorably with Richard Donner's 1978 film. He felt Spacey was better than Gene Hackman as Lex Luthor, describing him as "more cruel and less flippant" than Hackman. "There are no miscasts to be found in the supporting cast, either," Berardinelli said. ""Superman Returns" is near the top, if not at the top of the superhero movie pile. It offers nearly everything: romance, action, humor, and plenty of goose bumps."


title: Superman Returns

text: However, Roger Ebert argued the film was a "glum, lackluster movie in which even the big effects sequences seem dutiful instead of exhilarating." He also felt that "Brandon Routh lacks charisma as Superman", surmising that he "may have been cast because he looks a little like Reeve". Mick LaSalle of the "San Francisco Chronicle" felt that Warner Bros. should have rebooted the series along the lines of "Batman Begins". He also felt Bosworth, at 22 years old, was too young to portray Lois Lane, and the climax did not "match the potential of the tiring 154-minute-long film".


title: Superman Returns

text: On May 3, 2009, almost three years after the debut of "Superman Returns", filmmaker Quentin Tarantino declared his appreciation for Bryan Singer's directorial work on "Superman Returns" and that he would write a 20-page review about "Superman Returns".


title: Superman Returns

text: On January 9, 2012, more than five years after the movie was released, the independent film community daily news site IndieWire released a two-part video essay that probes the melancholic nature of "Superman Returns". Produced by Matt Zoller Seitz and Ken Cancelosi, the critique was inspired by a review that Seitz wrote for the "New York Press" in 2006, in which he stated that "From the moment its hero returns to the sky to rescue Lois Lane from a plummeting jet, "Superman Returns" flirts with greatness."


title: Superman Returns

text: In 2013, Singer stated that "Superman Returns" was made for "Perhaps more of a female audience. It wasn't what it needed to be, I guess." Singer stated that he would have cut about the first quarter off of the film and started it with "the jet disaster sequence or something. I could have grabbed the audience a little more quickly. I don't know what would have helped. Probably nothing. If I could go again, I would do an origin. I would reboot it."


title: Superman Returns

text: "Empire" ranked the movie 496 on its "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time" list, stating, "It may have been a slighter return than some people had hoped for, but Singer's vision of the "Man of Steel" is an heroic effort. Plenty of spectacle and a lot of heart helps Kal-El soar."


title: Superman Returns

text: "Superman Returns" was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects, but lost to "". The film was successful at the 33rd Saturn Awards, winning Best Fantasy Film, and categories for Direction (Bryan Singer), Best Actor (Brandon Routh), Writing (Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris) and Music (John Ottman). Kate Bosworth, Tristan Lake Leabu, James Marsden, Parker Posey, and the visual effects department were nominated for categories. However, Bosworth was also nominated a Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actress.


title: Superman Returns

text: "Superman Returns" debuted on DVD on November 28, 2006, in two versions, one with a single disc, and a double-disc edition which featured over three hours of behind-the-scenes features. That same day, a 14-disc DVD box set titled "Superman Ultimate Collector's Edition" was released, containing special editions of all five "Superman" films, as well as the documentary "". It debuted at the top spot of the DVD charts, and also generated $13 million in rentals during its first week.


title: Superman Returns

text: The film was also released in both high-definition formats, HD DVD, which featured both standard and high definitions on the same disc, and Blu-ray. It was the best-selling title on both formats in 2006, and was among the best-sellers of both formats of 2007.


title: Superman Returns

text: In February 2006, four months before the release of "Superman Returns", Warner Bros. announced a mid-2009 theatrical release date for a sequel, with Bryan Singer reprising his directing duties. Brandon Routh, Kate Bosworth, Kevin Spacey, Sam Huntington, Frank Langella, and Tristan Lake Leabu were to reprise their roles. Due to his commitment, Singer dropped out of directing a remake of "Logan's Run" and an adaptation of "The Mayor of Castro Street". Writer Michael Dougherty wanted the sequel to be "action packed", featuring "other Kryptonians" with Brainiac and Bizarro also considered for primary villains. The "New Krypton" landmass floating in space at the end of "Superman Returns" would have served as a plot device. Although "Superman Returns" received mostly positive reviews, Warner Bros. and Legendary Pictures were disappointed by the film's box office return. Warner Bros. President Alan F. Horn explained that "Superman Returns" was a very successful film, but that it "should have done $500 million worldwide. We should have had perhaps a little more action to satisfy the young male crowd." Singer reacted incredulously to the studio complaints, saying, "That movie made $400 million! I don't know what constitutes under-performing these days..." $175 million was the maximum budget Warner Bros. was projecting for the sequel, as "Superman Returns" cost $204 million.


title: Superman Returns

text: Filming for the "Superman Returns" sequel was to start in mid-2007, before Singer halted development in favor of "Valkyrie". Filming was then pushed to March 2008, but writers Dougherty and Dan Harris left in favor of other career opportunities. The 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike pushed the release date to 2010. Singer still listed the sequel as a priority in March 2008, saying that the film was in early development. Routh expected filming to begin in early 2009. Paul Levitz, president of DC Comics, expected Routh to reprise the title role from "Superman Returns" before his contract for a sequel expired in 2009. However, with Warner Bros. deciding to reboot the film series, Singer dropped out in favor of directing "Jack the Giant Slayer". In August 2008, Warner Bros. President of Production Jeff Robinov reflected, ""Superman Returns" didn't quite work as a film in the way that we wanted it to. It didn't position the character the way he needed to be positioned. Had "Superman" worked in 2006, we would have had a movie for Christmas of this year or 2009. Now the plan is just to reintroduce Superman without regard to a Batman and Superman movie at all."


title: Superman Returns

text: Brandon Routh reprised his role as Clark Kent / Superman in addition to playing Ray Palmer / The Atom in the 2019 Arrowverse TV series crossover "Crisis on Infinite Earths". Executive producer Marc Guggenheim was reluctant to call Routh's crossover appearance a sequel when addressing whether the character's appearance would constitute a sequel to "Superman Returns". "I don't know if it's for me to say. We're picking up so many years after the events of that movie, maybe a coda is a better word than sequel." Set on Earth-96 in the Arrowverse, this version of Superman has become an aged and beleaguered superhero similar to the iteration from the DC Comics' mini-series "Kingdom Come"; adopting a black belt and an s-shield with a black background as a sign of mourning after losing his friends and wife (having been married to Lois at some point after revealing his secrets to her) to a terrorist attack on the "Daily Planet" by a psychopath from Gotham City. He is also similar to another iteration, Kal-L (remained working as a newspaper's editor-in-chief instead of went into seclusion after what happened), making this Superman an amalgam of the two, as well as being a facsimile to Ray Palmer. He is later recruited by heroes from across the multiverse to avert a Crisis caused by the Anti-Monitor. During the event, Superman also references his son Jason (implying that he had discovered his true paternity), as well as the events from "Superman III". After the Crisis was averted and the multiverse was rebooted, Superman of Earth-96 is seen wearing a yellow s-shield and belt.


title: Lucy DeVito

text: Lucy Chet DeVito (born March 11, 1983) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Stephanie in "Melissa and Joey" (2010–2012).


title: Lucy DeVito

text: DeVito was born on March 11, 1983, in Los Angeles, the daughter of actors Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman. She also has two younger siblings, a sister, Grace Fan DeVito, and a brother Jacob Daniel DeVito. Her father is Catholic and her mother is Jewish.


title: Lucy DeVito

text: In 2008, DeVito starred as Anne Frank in a production of "Anne Frank" at the Intiman Theatre in Seattle, Washington.


title: Lucy DeVito

text: Her first major movie role was the 2009 film "Leaves of Grass;" later that year DeVito starred alongside her mother in the off-Broadway play "Love, Loss, and What I Wore", adapted by Nora and Delia Ephron, at the Westside Theatre.


title: Lucy DeVito

text: In 2016, DeVito performed the role of Annelle Dupuy-Desoto in "Steel Magnolias" at the Bucks County Playhouse in New Hope, Pennsylvania. This production was directed by Marsha Mason, and also starred Patricia Richardson, Elaine Hendrix, Jessica Walter and Susan Sullivan.


title: Lucy DeVito

text: On June 9, 2016, this production became the highest-grossing show in the history of the Bucks County Playhouse.


title: X86-64

text: x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) is a 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set, first released in 1999. It introduced two new modes of operation, 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new 4-level paging mode.


title: X86-64

text: With 64-bit mode and the new paging mode, it supports vastly larger amounts of virtual memory and physical memory than was possible on its 32-bit predecessors, allowing programs to store larger amounts of data in memory. x86-64 also expands general-purpose registers to 64-bit, and expands the number of them from 8 (some of which had limited or fixed functionality, e.g. for stack management) to 16 (fully general), and provides numerous other enhancements. Floating-point arithmetic is supported via mandatory SSE2-like instructions, and x87/MMX style registers are generally not used (but still available even in 64-bit mode); instead, a set of 16 vector registers, 128 bits each, is used. (Each register can store one or two double-precision numbers or one to four single-precision numbers, or various integer formats.) In 64-bit mode, instructions are modified to support 64-bit operands and 64-bit addressing mode.


title: X86-64

text: The compatibility mode defined in the architecture allows 16- and 32-bit user applications to run unmodified, coexisting with 64-bit applications if the 64-bit operating system supports them. As the full x86 16-bit and 32-bit instruction sets remain implemented in hardware without any intervening emulation, these older executables can run with little or no performance penalty,


title: X86-64

text: while newer or modified applications can take advantage of new features of the processor design to achieve performance improvements. Also, a processor supporting x86-64 still powers on in real mode for full backward compatibility with the 8086, as x86 processors supporting protected mode have done since the 80286.


title: X86-64

text: The original specification, created by AMD and released in 2000, has been implemented by AMD, Intel, and VIA. The AMD K8 microarchitecture, in the Opteron and Athlon 64 processors, was the first to implement it. This was the first significant addition to the x86 architecture designed by a company other than Intel. Intel was forced to follow suit and introduced a modified NetBurst family which was software-compatible with AMD's specification. VIA Technologies introduced x86-64 in their VIA Isaiah architecture, with the VIA Nano.


title: X86-64

text: The x86-64 architecture is distinct from the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly IA-64). The architectures are not compatible on the native instruction set level, and operating systems and applications compiled for one cannot be run on the other.


title: X86-64

text: AMD64 (also variously referred to by AMD in their literature and documentation as “AMD 64-bit Technology” and “AMD x86-64 Architecture”) was created as an alternative to the radically different IA-64 architecture designed by Intel and Hewlett-Packard, which was backward-incompatible with IA-32, the 32-bit version of the x86 architecture. AMD originally announced AMD64 in 1999 with a full specification available in August 2000. As AMD was never invited to be a contributing party for the IA-64 architecture and any kind of licensing seemed unlikely, the AMD64 architecture was positioned by AMD from the beginning as an evolutionary way to add 64-bit computing capabilities to the existing x86 architecture while supporting legacy 32-bit x86 code, as opposed to Intel's approach of creating an entirely new, completely x86-incompatible 64-bit architecture with IA-64.


title: X86-64

text: AMD's processors implementing the AMD64 architecture include Opteron, Athlon 64, Athlon 64 X2, Athlon 64 FX, Athlon II (followed by "X2", "X3", or "X4" to indicate the number of cores, and XLT models), Turion 64, Turion 64 X2, Sempron ("Palermo" E6 stepping and all "Manila" models), Phenom (followed by "X3" or "X4" to indicate the number of cores), Phenom II (followed by "X2", "X3", "X4" or "X6" to indicate the number of cores), FX, Fusion/APU and Ryzen/Epyc.


title: X86-64

text: The primary defining characteristic of AMD64 is the availability of 64-bit general-purpose processor registers (for example, ), 64-bit integer arithmetic and logical operations, and 64-bit virtual addresses.


title: X86-64

text: Although virtual addresses are 64 bits wide in 64-bit mode, current implementations (and all chips that are known to be in the planning stages) do not allow the entire virtual address space of 2 bytes (16 EB) to be used. This would be approximately four billion times the size of the virtual address space on 32-bit machines. Most operating systems and applications will not need such a large address space for the foreseeable future, so implementing such wide virtual addresses would simply increase the complexity and cost of address translation with no real benefit. AMD, therefore, decided that, in the first implementations of the architecture, only the least significant 48 bits of a virtual address would actually be used in address translation (page table lookup).


title: X86-64

text: In addition, the AMD specification requires that the most significant 16 bits of any virtual address, bits 48 through 63, must be copies of bit 47 (in a manner akin to sign extension). If this requirement is not met, the processor will raise an exception. Addresses complying with this rule are referred to as "canonical form." Canonical form addresses run from 0 through 00007FFF'FFFFFFFF, and from FFFF8000'00000000 through FFFFFFFF'FFFFFFFF, for a total of 256 TB of usable virtual address space. This is still 65,536 times larger than the virtual 4 GB address space of 32-bit machines.


title: X86-64

text: This feature eases later scalability to true 64-bit addressing. Many operating systems (including, but not limited to, the Windows NT family) take the higher-addressed half of the address space (named kernel space) for themselves and leave the lower-addressed half (user space) for application code, user mode stacks, heaps, and other data regions. The "canonical address" design ensures that every AMD64 compliant implementation has, in effect, two memory halves: the lower half starts at 00000000'00000000 and "grows upwards" as more virtual address bits become available, while the higher half is "docked" to the top of the address space and grows downwards. Also, enforcing the "canonical form" of addresses by checking the unused address bits prevents their use by the operating system in tagged pointers as flags, privilege markers, etc., as such use could become problematic when the architecture is extended to implement more virtual address bits.


title: X86-64

text: The first versions of Windows for x64 did not even use the full 256 TB; they were restricted to just 8 TB of user space and 8 TB of kernel space. Windows did not support the entire 48-bit address space until Windows 8.1, which was released in October 2013.


title: X86-64

text: The 64-bit addressing mode ("long mode") is a superset of Physical Address Extensions (PAE); because of this, page sizes may be 4 KB (2 bytes) or 2 MB (2 bytes). Long mode also supports page sizes of 1 GB (2 bytes). Rather than the three-level page table system used by systems in PAE mode, systems running in long mode use four levels of page table: PAE's "Page-Directory Pointer Table" is extended from four entries to 512, and an additional "Page-Map Level 4 (PML4) Table" is added, containing 512 entries in 48-bit implementations. A full mapping hierarchy of 4 KB pages for the whole 48-bit space would take a bit more than 512 GB of memory (about 0.195% of the 256 TB virtual space).


title: X86-64

text: Intel has implemented a scheme with a 5-level page table, which allows Intel 64 processors to support a 57-bit virtual address space. Further extensions may allow full 64-bit virtual address space and physical memory by expanding the page table entry size to 128-bit, and reduce page walks in the 5-level hierarchy by using a larger 64 KB page allocation size that still supports 4 KB page operations for backward compatibility.


title: X86-64

text: The operating system can also limit the virtual address space. Details, where applicable, are given in the "Operating system compatibility and characteristics" section.


title: X86-64

text: Current AMD64 processors support a physical address space of up to 2 bytes of RAM, or 256 TB. However, , there were no known x86-64 motherboards that support 256 TB of RAM. The operating system may place additional limits on the amount of RAM that is usable or supported. Details on this point are given in the "Operating system compatibility and characteristics" section of this article.


title: X86-64

text: Long mode is the architecture's intended primary mode of operation; it is a combination of the processor's native 64-bit mode and a combined 32-bit and 16-bit compatibility mode. It is used by 64-bit operating systems. Under a 64-bit operating system, 64-bit programs run under 64-bit mode, and 32-bit and 16-bit protected mode applications (that do not need to use either real mode or virtual 8086 mode in order to execute at any time) run under compatibility mode. Real-mode programs and programs that use virtual 8086 mode at any time cannot be run in long mode unless those modes are emulated in software. However, such programs may be started from an operating system running in long mode on processors supporting VT-x or AMD-V by creating a virtual processor running in the desired mode.


title: X86-64

text: Since the basic instruction set is the same, there is almost no performance penalty for executing protected mode x86 code. This is unlike Intel's IA-64, where differences in the underlying instruction set mean that running 32-bit code must be done either in emulation of x86 (making the process slower) or with a dedicated x86 coprocessor. However, on the x86-64 platform, many x86 applications could benefit from a 64-bit recompile, due to the additional registers in 64-bit code and guaranteed SSE2-based FPU support, which a compiler can use for optimization. However, applications that regularly handle integers wider than 32 bits, such as cryptographic algorithms, will need a rewrite of the code handling the huge integers in order to take advantage of the 64-bit registers.


title: X86-64

text: Legacy mode is the mode that the processor is in when it is not in long mode. In this mode, the processor acts like an older x86 processor, and only 16-bit and 32-bit code can be executed. Legacy mode allows for a maximum of 32 bit virtual addressing which limits the virtual address space to 4 GB. 64-bit programs cannot be run from legacy mode.


title: X86-64

text: Protected mode is made into a submode of legacy mode. It is the submode that 32-bit operating systems and 16-bit protected mode operating systems operate in when running on an x86-64 CPU.


title: X86-64

text: Real mode is the initial mode of operation when the processor is initialized, and is a submode of legacy mode. It is backwards compatible with the original Intel 8086 and Intel 8088 processors. Real mode is primarily used today by operating system bootloaders, which are required by the architecture to configure virtual memory details before transitioning to higher modes. This mode is also used by any operating system that needs to communicate with the system firmware with a traditional BIOS-style interface.


title: X86-64

text: Intel 64 is Intel's implementation of x86-64, used and implemented in various processors made by Intel.


title: X86-64

text: Historically, AMD has developed and produced processors with instruction sets patterned after Intel's original designs, but with x86-64, roles were reversed: Intel found itself in the position of adopting the ISA that AMD created as an extension to Intel's own x86 processor line.


title: X86-64

text: Intel's project was originally codenamed "Yamhill" (after the Yamhill River in Oregon's Willamette Valley). After several years of denying its existence, Intel announced at the February 2004 IDF that the project was indeed underway. Intel's chairman at the time, Craig Barrett, admitted that this was one of their worst-kept secrets.


title: X86-64

text: Intel's name for this instruction set has changed several times. The name used at the IDF was "CT" (presumably for "Clackamas Technology", another codename from an Oregon river); within weeks they began referring to it as "IA-32e" (for IA-32 extensions) and in March 2004 unveiled the "official" name "EM64T" (Extended Memory 64 Technology). In late 2006 Intel began instead using the name "Intel 64" for its implementation, paralleling AMD's use of the name AMD64.


title: X86-64

text: The first processor to implement Intel 64 was the multi-socket processor Xeon code-named "Nocona" in June 2004. In contrast, the initial Prescott chips (February 2004) did not enable this feature. Intel subsequently began selling Intel 64-enabled Pentium 4s using the E0 revision of the Prescott core, being sold on the OEM market as the Pentium 4, model F. The E0 revision also adds eXecute Disable (XD) (Intel's name for the NX bit) to Intel 64, and has been included in then current Xeon code-named "Irwindale". Intel's official launch of Intel 64 (under the name EM64T at that time) in mainstream desktop processors was the N0 stepping Prescott-2M.


title: X86-64

text: The first Intel mobile processor implementing Intel 64 is the Merom version of the Core 2 processor, which was released on July 27, 2006. None of Intel's earlier notebook CPUs (Core Duo, Pentium M, Celeron M, Mobile Pentium 4) implement Intel 64.


title: X86-64

text: Intel's processors implementing the Intel64 architecture include the Pentium 4 F-series/5x1 series, 506, and 516, Celeron D models 3x1, 3x6, 355, 347, 352, 360, and 365 and all later Celerons, all models of Xeon since "Nocona", all models of Pentium Dual-Core processors since "Merom-2M", the Atom 230, 330, D410, D425, D510, D525, N450, N455, N470, N475, N550, N570, N2600 and N2800, all versions of the Pentium D, Pentium Extreme Edition, Core 2, Core i9, Core i7, Core i5, and Core i3 processors, and the Xeon Phi 7200 series processors.


title: X86-64

text: VIA Technologies introduced their first implementation of the x86-64 architecture in 2008 after five years of development by its CPU division, Centaur Technology.


title: X86-64

text: Codenamed "Isaiah", the 64-bit architecture was unveiled on January 24, 2008, and launched on May 29 under the VIA Nano brand name.


title: X86-64

text: The processor supports a number of VIA-specific x86 extensions designed to boost efficiency in low-power appliances.


title: X86-64

text: It is expected that the Isaiah architecture will be twice as fast in integer performance and four times as fast in floating-point performance as the previous-generation VIA Esther at an equivalent clock speed. Power consumption is also expected to be on par with the previous-generation VIA CPUs, with thermal design power ranging from 5 W to 25 W.


title: X86-64

text: Being a completely new design, the Isaiah architecture was built with support for features like the x86-64 instruction set and x86 virtualization which were unavailable on its predecessors, the VIA C7 line, while retaining their encryption extensions.


title: X86-64

text: In 2020, through a collaboration between AMD, Intel, Red Hat, and SUSE, three microarchitecture levels on top of the x86-64 baseline were defined: x86-64-v2, x86-64-v3, and x86-64-v4. These levels define specific features that can be targeted by programmers to provide compile-time optimizations. The features exposed by each level are as follows:


title: X86-64

text: All levels include features found in the previous levels. Instruction set extensions not concerned with general-purpose computation, including AES-NI and RDRAND, are excluded from the level requirements.


title: X86-64

text: Although nearly identical, there are some differences between the two instruction sets in the semantics of a few seldom used machine instructions (or situations), which are mainly used for system programming. Compilers generally produce executables (i.e. machine code) that avoid any differences, at least for ordinary application programs. This is therefore of interest mainly to developers of compilers, operating systems and similar, which must deal with individual and special system instructions.


title: X86-64

text: In supercomputers tracked by TOP500, the appearance of 64-bit extensions for the x86 architecture enabled 64-bit x86 processors by AMD and Intel to replace most RISC processor architectures previously used in such systems (including PA-RISC, SPARC, Alpha and others), as well as 32-bit x86, even though Intel itself initially tried unsuccessfully to replace x86 with a new incompatible 64-bit architecture in the Itanium processor.


title: X86-64

text: , a Fujitsu A64FX-based supercomputer called Fugaku is number one. The first ARM-based supercomputer appeared on the list in 2018 and, in recent years, non-CPU architecture co-processors (GPGPU) have also played a big role in performance. Intel's Xeon Phi "Knights Corner" coprocessors, which implement a subset of x86-64 with some vector extensions, are also used, along with x86-64 processors, in the Tianhe-2 supercomputer.


title: X86-64

text: Preliminary infrastructure work was started in February 2004 for a x86-64 port. This development later stalled. Development started again during July 2007


title: X86-64

text: and continued during Google Summer of Code 2008 and SoC 2009. The first official release to contain x86-64 support was version 2.4.


title: X86-64

text: FreeBSD first added x86-64 support under the name "amd64" as an experimental architecture in 5.1-RELEASE in June 2003. It was included as a standard distribution architecture as of 5.2-RELEASE in January 2004. Since then, FreeBSD has designated it as a Tier 1 platform. The 6.0-RELEASE version cleaned up some quirks with running x86 executables under amd64, and most drivers work just as they do on the x86 architecture. Work is currently being done to integrate more fully the x86 application binary interface (ABI), in the same manner as the Linux 32-bit ABI compatibility currently works.


title: X86-64

text: x86-64 architecture support was first committed to the NetBSD source tree on June 19, 2001. As of NetBSD 2.0, released on December 9, 2004, "NetBSD/amd64" is a fully integrated and supported port.


title: X86-64

text: 32-bit code is still supported in 64-bit mode, with a netbsd-32 kernel compatibility layer for 32-bit syscalls. The NX bit is used to provide non-executable stack and heap with per-page granularity (segment granularity being used on 32-bit x86).


title: X86-64

text: OpenBSD has supported AMD64 since OpenBSD 3.5, released on May 1, 2004. Complete in-tree implementation of AMD64 support was achieved prior to the hardware's initial release because AMD had loaned several machines for the project's hackathon that year. OpenBSD developers have taken to the platform because of its support for the NX bit, which allowed for an easy implementation of the W^X feature.


title: X86-64

text: The code for the AMD64 port of OpenBSD also runs on Intel 64 processors which contains cloned use of the AMD64 extensions, but since Intel left out the page table NX bit in early Intel 64 processors, there is no W^X capability on those Intel CPUs; later Intel 64 processors added the NX bit under the name "XD bit". Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) works on OpenBSD's AMD64 port, starting with release 3.6 on November 1, 2004.


title: X86-64

text: It is possible to enter long mode under DOS without a DOS extender, but the user must return to real mode in order to call BIOS or DOS interrupts.


title: X86-64

text: It may also be possible to enter long mode with a DOS extender similar to DOS/4GW, but more complex since x86-64 lacks virtual 8086 mode. DOS itself is not aware of that, and no benefits should be expected unless running DOS in an emulation with an adequate virtualization driver backend, for example: the mass storage interface.


title: X86-64

text: Linux was the first operating system kernel to run the x86-64 architecture in long mode, starting with the 2.4 version in 2001 (preceding the hardware's availability). Linux also provides backward compatibility for running 32-bit executables. This permits programs to be recompiled into long mode while retaining the use of 32-bit programs. Several Linux distributions currently ship with x86-64-native kernels and userlands. Some, such as Arch Linux, SUSE, Mandriva, and Debian allow users to install a set of 32-bit components and libraries when installing off a 64-bit DVD, thus allowing most existing 32-bit applications to run alongside the 64-bit OS. Other distributions, such as Fedora, Slackware and Ubuntu, are available in one version compiled for a 32-bit architecture and another compiled for a 64-bit architecture. Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux allow concurrent installation of all userland components in both 32 and 64-bit versions on a 64-bit system.


title: X86-64

text: x32 ABI (Application Binary Interface), introduced in Linux 3.4, allows programs compiled for the x32 ABI to run in the 64-bit mode of x86-64 while only using 32-bit pointers and data fields.


title: X86-64

text: Though this limits the program to a virtual address space of 4 GB it also decreases the memory footprint of the program and in some cases can allow it to run faster.


title: X86-64

text: 64-bit Linux allows up to 128 TB of virtual address space for individual processes, and can address approximately 64 TB of physical memory, subject to processor and system limitations.


title: X86-64

text: Mac OS X 10.4.7 and higher versions of Mac OS X 10.4 run 64-bit command-line tools using the POSIX and math libraries on 64-bit Intel-based machines, just as all versions of Mac OS X 10.4 and 10.5 run them on 64-bit PowerPC machines. No other libraries or frameworks work with 64-bit applications in Mac OS X 10.4.


title: X86-64

text: Mac OS X 10.5 supports 64-bit GUI applications using Cocoa, Quartz, OpenGL, and X11 on 64-bit Intel-based machines, as well as on 64-bit PowerPC machines.


title: X86-64

text: All non-GUI libraries and frameworks also support 64-bit applications on those platforms. The kernel, and all kernel extensions, are 32-bit only.


title: X86-64

text: Mac OS X 10.6 is the first version of macOS that supports a 64-bit kernel. However, not all 64-bit computers can run the 64-bit kernel, and not all 64-bit computers that can run the 64-bit kernel will do so by default.


title: X86-64

text: The 64-bit kernel, like the 32-bit kernel, supports 32-bit applications; both kernels also support 64-bit applications. 32-bit applications have a virtual address space limit of 4 GB under either kernel. The 64-bit kernel does not support 32-bit kernel extensions, and the 32-bit kernel does not support 64-bit kernel extensions.


title: X86-64

text: OS X 10.8 includes only the 64-bit kernel, but continues to support 32-bit applications; it does not support 32-bit kernel extensions, however.


title: X86-64

text: macOS 10.15 includes only the 64-bit kernel and no longer supports 32-bit applications. This removal of support has presented a problem for WineHQ (and the commercial version CrossOver), as it needs to still be able to run 32-bit Windows applications. The solution, termed "wine32on64", was to add thunks that bring the CPU in and out of 32-bit compatibility mode in the nominally 64-bit application.


title: X86-64

text: macOS uses the universal binary format to package 32- and 64-bit versions of application and library code into a single file; the most appropriate version is automatically selected at load time. In Mac OS X 10.6, the universal binary format is also used for the kernel and for those kernel extensions that support both 32-bit and 64-bit kernels.


title: X86-64

text: For Solaris 10, just as with the SPARC architecture, there is only one operating system image, which contains a 32-bit kernel and a 64-bit kernel; this is labeled as the "x64/x86" DVD-ROM image. The default behavior is to boot a 64-bit kernel, allowing both 64-bit and existing or new 32-bit executables to be run. A 32-bit kernel can also be manually selected, in which case only 32-bit executables will run. The codice_24 command can be used to determine if a system is running a 64-bit kernel.


title: X86-64

text: For Solaris 11, only the 64-bit kernel is provided. However, the 64-bit kernel supports both 32- and 64-bit executables, libraries, and system calls.


title: X86-64

text: x64 editions of Microsoft Windows client and server—Windows XP Professional x64 Edition and Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition—were released in March 2005. Internally they are actually the same build (5.2.3790.1830 SP1), as they share the same source base and operating system binaries, so even system updates are released in unified packages, much in the manner as Windows 2000 Professional and Server editions for x86. Windows Vista, which also has many different editions, was released in January 2007. Windows 7 was released in July 2009. Windows Server 2008 R2 was sold in only x64 and Itanium editions; later versions of Windows Server only offer an x64 edition.


title: X86-64

text: Under Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, both user mode and kernel mode virtual address spaces have been extended to 128 TB. These versions of Windows will not install on processors that lack the codice_17 instruction.


title: X86-64

text: Both the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and all variants of those consoles, incorporate AMD x86-64 processors, based on the Jaguar microarchitecture. Firmware and games are written in x86-64 code; no legacy x86 code is involved.


title: X86-64

text: Their next generations, the PlayStation 5 and the Xbox Series X and Series S respectively, also incorporate AMD x86-64 processors, based on the Zen 2 microarchitecture.


title: X86-64

text: Although considered a PC, the Steam Deck uses a custom AMD x86-64 accelerated processing unit (APU), based on the Zen 2 microarchitecture.


title: X86-64

text: Since AMD64 and Intel 64 are substantially similar, many software and hardware products use one vendor-neutral term to indicate their compatibility with both implementations. AMD's original designation for this processor architecture, "x86-64", is still sometimes used for this purpose, as is the variant "x86_64". Other companies, such as Microsoft and Sun Microsystems/Oracle Corporation, use the contraction "x64" in marketing material.


title: X86-64

text: The term IA-64 refers to the Itanium processor, and should not be confused with x86-64, as it is a completely different instruction set.


title: X86-64

text: Many operating systems and products, especially those that introduced x86-64 support prior to Intel's entry into the market, use the term "AMD64" or "amd64" to refer to both AMD64 and Intel 64.


title: X86-64

text: x86-64/AMD64 was solely developed by AMD. AMD holds patents on techniques used in AMD64; those patents must be licensed from AMD in order to implement AMD64. Intel entered into a cross-licensing agreement with AMD, licensing to AMD their patents on existing x86 techniques, and licensing from AMD their patents on techniques used in x86-64. In 2009, AMD and Intel settled several lawsuits and cross-licensing disagreements, extending their cross-licensing agreements.


title: The Masked Singer (American season 7)

text: The seventh season of the American television series "The Masked Singer" (also known as "The Masked Singer: The Good, The Bad, and The Cuddly") premiered on Fox on March 9, 2022, following a sneak peek episode that aired on February 20, and concluded on May 18, 2022. The season was won by singer/songwriter Teyana Taylor as "Firefly", with actor/singer Hayley Orrantia finishing second as "Ringmaster", and actor/singer Cheyenne Jackson placing third as "Prince".


title: The Masked Singer (American season 7)

text: Nick Cannon, singer-songwriter Robin Thicke, television and radio personality Jenny McCarthy Wahlberg, actor and comedian Ken Jeong, and recording artist Nicole Scherzinger all returned as host and panelists.


title: The Masked Singer (American season 7)

text: Guest panelists in the season included Eric Stonestreet in the second episode, Nicole Byer in the fifth episode, and Leslie Jordan in the sixth episode.


title: The Masked Singer (American season 7)

text: Unlike the previous three seasons, there were no first impression guesses made by the panelists, and the Golden Ear Trophy was not awarded for the first time since its introduction in the fourth season.


title: The Masked Singer (American season 7)

text: The season features 15 contestants split into three teams known as "The Good", "The Bad", and "The Cuddly". This is the first season since the fourth season not to feature wild card contestants, but also being the first to feature teams.


title: The Masked Singer (American season 7)

text: "Hydra" is the first three-headed costume in the series while also sporting three legs due to its portrayers as well as featuring smoke-breathing features and a large size. "Cyclops" is the largest costume to date.


title: The Masked Singer (American season 7)

text: Reports prior to the season premiere identified that controversial figure Rudy Giuliani was one of the masked performers during this season, reportedly in one of the first episodes taped. Giuliani's unmasking reportedly prompted panelists Jeong and Thicke to storm off the set as an act of protest, though later reports indicated that Thicke only left to check on Jeong. After Giuliani was not unmasked in the premiere episode, a Fox Entertainment vice president told "Newsweek", "...like most productions, the groups are not necessarily taped sequentially, so we don't always know the order they will air," with "Newsweek" adding on that his appearance was not cut from the show. The unmasking later occurred in the seventh episode broadcast, showing the panelists' surprised reactions, as well as Jeong quietly walking off during Giuliani's unmasked performance. Prior to walking away, Jeong can be seen visibly upset at this reveal, has his arms crossed, and does not partake in the elimination interview. The casting was widely criticized, and was considered by "Wired" as a poorly-executed ratings grab, as the episode saw a significant drop in viewership compared to prior episodes in the season. Rob Wade, Fox's vice president of alternative entertainment, said that they were pleased with choice to include Giuliani as the show "is all about delivering jaw dropping moments", and was only disappointed that sources leaked the reveal early.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Hitman is a Danish stealth video game franchise created by IO Interactive. The player controls a clone assassin called Agent 47, who is assigned by the International Contract Agency to eliminate targets from around the world. Gameplay focuses heavily on a form of stealth coined social stealth. As such, players can find themselves donning clothing of others as a form of disguise to blend into their environments. These disguises let the player access areas or gameplay elements not normally present to them without one. Missions can be completed without disguises, however this is challenging.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: The first "Hitman" game, titled "", was developed by IO Interactive (IO), published by Eidos Interactive, and was released exclusively for Windows in 2000. It was followed by "" (2002) for the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Windows. The next game, "" (2004), was released for Windows, PlayStation 2, and the Xbox. "" (2006) was released for all the previous consoles and Windows, as well as the Xbox 360. After a six-year hiatus, "" (2012), published by Square Enix (after their 2009 acquisition of Eidos Interactive), was released for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Windows, and OS X. "Absolution" received a polarized reception for deviating from the typical "Hitman" gameplay with a more linear structure.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: After another hiatus, the next game, simply titled "Hitman" (2016), was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows. The game was released episodically and was the start of the "World of Assassination", a soft-reboot to the series which saw the return to the typical "Hitman" gameplay. Two years later, "Hitman 2" (2018) was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows. This time it was published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, after being dropped by Square Enix, it saw a continuation in story its predecessor began. "Hitman 2" dropped its episodic release, this time opting for all its content, minus DLC, to be released at once. The next title "Hitman 3" (2021), was published and developed exclusively by IO Interactive and finished the story the previous two titles set up.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman" combines the stealth one would find in the "Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell" gaming franchise and the social stealth from "Assassin's Creed". Most of the games in the "Hitman" series feature semi-open world environments and are played from the third-person perspective, though some games include an option for first-person. Whilst controlling Agent 47, the player is tasked with assassinating various targets from around the globe, with locations that are littered with a variety of Non-playable characters. Players are given the freedom to complete their missions in whichever manner they wish; however, most of the time, a stealth approach is recommended. Players can make use of a variety of skills and tools to traverse each level undetected, such as taking disguises to blend in plain sight and using suppressed weaponry.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Outside of the eight mainline releases, the "Hitman" franchise includes three spin-off games, two novels, and a comic book miniseries. The series has also received two live-action film adaptations, "Hitman" (2007) and "" (2015), both of which share no narrative connections with the games and have been negatively received. A TV show was confirmed to be in the works in 2017, but no word on the development has been mentioned since.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: When game developer Zyrinx dissolved in 1998, the remaining team reformed themselves in Retro-Moto. That team then went on to create IO Interactive (IO). IO's first IP would be "Hitman" and they created the first game in the series titled "Hitman: Codename 47". Originally, IO wanted to create a "simple shooter" titled "Rex-Domonius", but the idea was scrapped by Reto-Moto.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: The genesis of Codename 47 and its depiction of the protagonist Agent 47 can be tied back to Danish designer Jacob Anderson. Anderson is quoted saying, "We decided to do a quick game inspired by Hong Kong action movies... Basically a guy in a suit blasting away in a Chinese restaurant.” Soon after the initial idea was proposed, the background for Agent 47 took hold. The idea: a generically modified clone assassin. The gimmick of taking disguises from NPCs later fundamentally changed the way Hitman would play. It became one of the first games in history to implement ragdoll physics.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Codename 47 was published by Eidos Interactive in 2000 and released exclusively for Windows hardware because "it was hard for us to get hold of development kits," Anderson recalls. "On top of that, 3D hardware was beginning to appear for the PC, which made it extremely interesting to develop for." The game sold over 500 thousand copies to mixed reviews. They began work on their next title shortly after.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: The first sequel in the series titled "" was developed by IO Interactive and published by Eidos Interactive for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, and Xbox in October 2002, and GameCube in June 2003. Gameplay on Silent Assassin had been improved compared to the predecessor, removing the action-focused segments, and introducing new features such as the option for a first-person view, the ability to incapacitate enemies instead of eliminating them, and missions with multiple possible approaches. "Now that the main platform was PS2, we felt more at home," Anderson remembers, though hardcore fans of the original were dissatisfied with the introduction of a mid-level save system. The controls were improved and the team tried to fix AI problems, but NPCs found new ways to misbehave. "Many have tried to fix the AI since and all have failed," Anderson smiles. "It just has to have those odd moments, otherwise it wouldn't be Hitman."


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman: Contracts" was developed by IO Interactive and published by Eidos Interactive for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2 and Xbox in April 2004. It is both a sequel to "Silent Assassin", and a remake of the first game, as it features several levels from "Codename 47" that have been remastered with new graphics, better artificial intelligence, and gameplay elements introduced in the second game. This stemmed from the fact that only 10% of "Silent Assassin" players had played "Codename 47"; Anderson is quoted saying, "We decided to make Hitman 2.5 with some of the best content from ["Codename 47"]".


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Even though "Contracts" had recycled levels, the game also included new levels depicting some of Agent 47's past contracts not featured in any of the first two games. All these contracts are told through flashbacks, which 47 experiences after being hurt during a botched job in Paris, which players get to experience in the next title being made by IO. Canonically, the story is told in-between the next game in the series.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman: Blood Money" was developed by IO Interactive and published by Eidos Interactive for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox and Xbox 360 in May 2006. The game was being developed alongside of its predecessor and would be a direct continuation of its events, as well as starting a story bet from it as well. The story bet would explain why Agent 47 was hurt at the beginning of the last game. IO and Edios both put a lot of resources and time into this title; showing major improvements to the graphics, AI, and level design. The title has been positively received and is considered a cult classic among fans of the series.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman: Absolution" was announced by Square Enix, after Edios Interactive's buyout years prior, and it was released on November 20 2012 worldwide for Microsoft Windows, OS X, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Before release, the developers stated that "Absolution", while still fitting under the gaming genre of stealth, would soon adopt many action games elements such as having a cinematic story driven narrative and more emphasis on gun play, which upset many long term fans.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Even with all its divisive changes, IO Interactive deleivered an experience that a lot of new gamers would welcome as it became more accessible, offered a host of positive improvements and introduced new gameplay features, such as 'Instinct', which allows Agent 47 to monitor enemies more easily, and an online mode called "Contracts", where players would create their own missions and share them with others online. The game was released to mixed-positive reviews but received a bulk of its negative reviews from long time fans.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: On 15 May 2014, "Hitman: Absolution — Elite Edition" was released for OS X by Feral Interactive; it contains all previously released downloadable content, including "Hitman: Sniper Challenge", a "making of" documentary, and a 72-page artbook.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: A soft-reboot of the series was announced in 2015 and was published once again by "Square Enix." Titled simply "Hitman", the game released in March 2016 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One to very positive reviews. Episodic in nature, "Hitman" features six levels that were released throughout 2016, one month apart from each other, along with additional content, such as "Elusive Targets", "Escalation Contracts", and "Online Contracts" (similar to "Hitman: Absolution"'s "Contracts" mode).


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Each level is abundantly more detailed, and more complex than any previous "Hitman" game title. It features a different tone from its predecessors, dropping the dark mood of previous titles and adopting more of a secret agent atmosphere, akin to the James Bond franchise, and offers Agent 47 a plethora of new ways to complete each mission. The single-player storyline follows a cohesive narrative, that explores Agent 47's background, and is progressed upon in the next two titles.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman 2" was announced in June 2018 by IO Interactive and Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, the latter of which publishing the game following IO's acquisition of the "Hitman" IP from Square Enix. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 13 November 2018. Gameplay-wise, it is very similar to 2016's "Hitman", but it is not episodic, and it introduces several new features and online modes.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Players have the option to carry over levels from the first game at an additional cost; if a player already owns the first game, they are able to do so free of charge, while also retaining all their original progress. The storyline continues from "Hitman", with 47 pursuing the Shadow Client for Providence, who in return promised to reveal his past. After discovering the Shadow Client's identity, however, 47 defects to his side and begins helping him dismantle Providence.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman 3" was revealed at the PlayStation 5 reveal event in 2020, and released in January 2021 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, Stadia (under the title "Hitman: World of Assassination"), and Nintendo Switch (as a cloud version), and would be developed and published solely by IO Interactive, now an independent studio. Similarly to "Hitman 2", "Hitman 3" is not episodic, and players have the option to carry over progress from the previous two games. The features nearly identical gameplay elements and offers a lot of the same inclusions of the previous two titles. The narrative of the game concludes the story arc started in "Hitman", as 47 and his remaining allies attempt to eliminate Providence once and for all.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: In December of its release date, 2022, IO Interactive announced "Hitman III: Year 2", which would outline many new gameplay modes and features being released by the studio in the following year. Some of the elements included were the inclusion of 'Freelancer Mode', VR capability to consoles, as well a ray tracing.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman Go" is a turn based puzzle video game developed by Square Enix Montreal. The game was released for iOS on 17 April 2014, and for Android on 4 June 2014. The Microsoft Windows and the Windows Phones version of the game was released on 27 April 2015. A "Definitive Edition" including improved visuals and all additional content was released for the PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 4 and PC via Steam on 23 February 2016.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman: Sniper" is a first-person shooter developed by Square Enix Montreal. It was released for iOS and Android on 4 June 2015. The game does not include any story elements and focuses entirely on Agent 47 using in a static location excuting, solely using a sniper rifle.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman Sniper: The Shadows" is a first-person shooter developed by Square Enix Montreal and the sequel to "Hitman: Sniper". It was released for iOS and Android on 3 March 2022. It includes the same gameplay as its predecessor but excludes Agent 47 as a playable character


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: A box set titled "Hitman Trilogy" ("Hitman: The Triple Hit Pack" in Europe) was released for PlayStation 2 on June 19, 2007, in North America and on June 22, 2007, in Europe. It contains "", "" and "". The games in the collection are identical to the previously released stand-alone versions.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: The same set of titles released for the Hitman Trilogy were later released as part of a new compilation for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 titled "Hitman HD Trilogy", and was released on January 29, 2013, in North America, January 31, 2013 in Australia and February 2, 2013, in Europe. This compilation contains newly ported versions of "Silent Assassin" and "Contracts" for both consoles, as well as a new port of "Blood Money" for the PlayStation 3 (the Xbox 360 version was previously released as a stand-alone). A digital bundle was also released for the Xbox 360 titled "Hitman HD Pack", containing just "Silent Assassin" and "Contracts", aimed at users who already owned the stand-alone version of "Blood Money" for the same platform.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Another compilation was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on 11 January 2019 worldwide through the PlayStation Store and Xbox Store featuring new ports of "" and "" for both platforms. This port promised updated graphics, 4K resolution, improved textures and lighting, as well as updated controls for both games.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: A digital-only collection of all the games from the "World of Assassination" trilogy was released on 20 January 2022. It features "Hitman 3" as well as access passes to play the content from "Hitman 2" and "Hitman" inside "Hitman 3." A "Premium Add-Ons" bundle includes all DLC for the games, excluding the "Seven Deadly Sins" DLC from "Hitman 3". "HITMAN Trilogy" bundle can be found on the PS4 and PS5, Xbox Series X/S, Steam and Epic Games.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Primarily from a third-person perspective, the core objective of each level in the games are to kill an assigned target(s). In most cases, "Hitman" allows the player different options to accomplish this task. Players can perform precise or indiscriminate assassinations in order to achieve the mission goals; the games reward a subtle approach by awarding special weapons or cash bonuses if players earn a favorable rank. In an effort to complete his assassination(s) easier, 47 can wear a variety of disguises (such as repairmen, police officers, waiters, and a plethora more) to fool his enemies and his target(s), gain access to restricted areas and accomplish tasks that would be illegal if not for wearing a disguise. The focus of "Hitman" is not hiding in the shadows from the enemy, but rather blending in amongst them. As such, disguises, even though they're not mandatory, are a very important element to the player in order to make their assassination run smoother.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Disguises are an integral part of the Hitman experience. They allow Agent 47 to access locations and areas not normally accessible without one. These locations and areas are places that help the player progress throughout the level undetected and may potentially give the player extra gear or intel. With disguises, the player can even setup certain assassinations that, again, would not be available to the player without. Some examples include:


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Disguises are entirely optional; however, and the player can complete a mission without changing into one, albeit challenging.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: These disguises are integral to remaining undetected throughout the mission and award the player with a "Silent Assassin" mission rating.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: As eluted to before, remaining undetected is very important in the series. Some ways players can remain undetected are destroying camera footage/ not being recorded, not eliminating non-targets, and avoiding suspicious behavior.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: A major feature of earlier games is the tension meter or "Suspicion Meter", (later replaced with a suspicion triangle) detailing how much attention or suspicion the player is receiving from the public. Some suspicious activity include:


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Gameplay for the most part has remained relatively unchanged since the genesis of the series. Despite this, one major inclusion to recent games was the introduction of a feature called "instinct"; it acts much like the "detective mode" in the series. Instinct allows players to see through walls and discover where NPCs and the targets are, items of interest, and items that can be interacted with. This feature was first implemented in "Absolution" and later revised upon in future titles. Much like disguises, a player can op out of using this feature if they choose.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: The main games in the "Hitman" franchise have received generally positive reviews for their level design and gameplay elements. In particular the level of freedom offered to players and the unique approach to stealth gameplay. The series has received multiple awards and nominations, including several Game of the Year awards. It has also been commercially successful, selling over 15 million copies worldwide as of 2015 with the "World of Assassination" trilogy alone reaching over 50 million players as of November 2021.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman: Codename 47" received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Jim Preston reviewed the PC version of the game for "Next Generation", rating it three stars out of five, and calling it "A deeply flawed masterpiece that will, nonetheless, reward forgiving gamers." "Codename 47" received a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. In April 2009, Square Enix revealed that "Codename 47" had surpassed half a million sales globally.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Silent Assassin" received generally positive reviews from critics, who considered it to be an improvement over its predecessor in every aspect. The game was also a commercial success, having sold more than 3.7 million copies as of 23 April 2009, which makes it the best-selling "Hitman" game in the original series.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Contracts" was met with generally positive reviews; praise was directed at the improved gameplay elements, graphics, soundtrack, darker tone and atmosphere, while criticism was reserved for the lack of significant improvements and the familiarity with the previous two games. As of April 2009, the game has sold around 2 million copies.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Blood Money" was a critical and commercial success, selling more than 2.1 million copies. It has gained a cult following and is now considered by many publications and critics as one of the greatest video games of all time.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Absolution" was met with a polarized reception. Most positive comments were concerning the game's graphics, environments and locations, and the varied gameplay options. However, many critics and many long time fans of the series disliked the game for its linear structure, as opposed to the open ended nature of previous installments. As of March 2013, the game had sold over 3.6 million copies, failing to reach predicted sales targets.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: 2016's "Hitman" received positive reviews; critics praised the game's episodic release format, locations, level design, and its replayability but criticized the always-online requirement and excessive handholding. The game under-performed commercially and caused publisher Square Enix to divest from IO Interactive in May 2017. Despite the slow start, IO Interactive announced the game had attracted seven million players as of November 2017 and more than 13 million players had played the game by May 2018. "Hitman" was nominated for Best Action/Adventure Game at The Game Awards 2016 and Evolving Game at the 13th British Academy Games Awards. Video game publication Giant Bomb named "Hitman" their Game of the Year in 2016.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman 2" was met with generally positive reviews, with most critics considering it to be an improvement over its predecessor. It debuted at tenth place in the UK's all-format sales charts. In Japan, the PlayStation 4 version sold 10,162 copies within its debut week, which made it the fifth best-selling retail game of the week in the country. The game was nominated for "Control Design, 3D" and "Game, Franchise Adventure" at the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman 3" received generally favorable reviews, with most critics regarding it as the best entry in the "World of Assassination" trilogy, and some even calling it the best game in the franchise to date. The game was nominated for multiple year-end awards, and won several of them, including "PC Game of the Year" at the 2021 Golden Joystick Awards. "Hitman 3" was also the most commercially successful of the franchise, selling 300% better than "Hitman 2" and making back its development costs in only a week.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: This collection was a boxset that was released in 2007 and included three of the original Hitman titles. "Hitman 2: Silent Assassin", "Hitman: Contracts", and "Hitman: Blood Money" were all sold in this boxset together and it was released on the PS2. Just like the original releases of the games, the bundle was received positively.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: This HD collection was released on the PS4 and the Xbox One. It includes an Xbox 360 port of "Hitman: Blood Money" to both the consoles and an HD remaster of "Hitman: Absolution". Both games were released on 4K with 60fps, has texture and lighting improvements, and introduces updated controls for a "...more fluid experience". This bundle received a mixed-positive review as noted by "PlayStation Country", who gave the score a 7/10: "As a remaster, Hitman HD Enhanced Collection does deliver the best looking edition of these games to consoles. If either of these titles are missing from your Hitman collection, it's worth a look".


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: Following its announcement, "Hitman Go" was met with some skepticism from critics. However, the game received a positive reception with praise for the art, aesthetics, simple gameplay mechanics, and translation of "Hitman" to a mobile device. It also received several nominations and awards from gaming publications and award organizations.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Hitman: Sniper" was met with generally favorable reviews. Some reviewers praised the cleverness and minimalism of its puzzle design, but wanted more variety from its activity-dense scenarios.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: A film adaptation of the game series was released in 2007. The film, titled simply "Hitman", is set in a separate continuity from the game series, directed by Xavier Gens and starring Timothy Olyphant as Agent 47. Executive producer Vin Diesel was originally cast to play Agent 47 but was replaced for unknown reasons. The film also stars Dougray Scott, Robert Knepper, Ulrich Thomsen and Michael Offei. In the film, the International Contract Agency is replaced by a similar group called the Organization, which, like the ICA, benefits from ties to various government agencies, is neutral in global matters and morality, and performs missions all over the world. Unlike the game wherein the hitmen are contracted from a range of backgrounds, the Organization instead recruits orphans and trains them from an early age.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: A reboot was planned but Olyphant stated on the Nerdist podcast that he had no interest in returning for a sequel and only did the original film in order to pay for his new house following the sudden cancellation of "Deadwood".


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: On 5 February 2013, it was reported that the film series was being rebooted with the title "" directed by Aleksander Bach, Screenwriter of the original film, Skip Woods, wrote the screenplay with Mike Finch and starring Rupert Friend as 47 after Paul Walker, was originally


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: cast, was killed in a car crash on 30 November 2013. The film also stars Zachary Quinto, Hannah Ware, Thomas Kretschmann, Dan Bakkedahl and Ciarán Hinds.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: In 2015, "Hitman" film producer Adrian Askarieh stated that he hoped to oversee a film universe with "Just Cause", "Hitman", "Tomb Raider", "Deus Ex", and "Thief", but admitted that he does not have the rights to "Tomb Raider". In May 2017, the Game Central reporters at Metro UK suggested that the shared universe was unlikely, pointing out that no progress had been made on any "Just Cause", "Deus Ex" nor "Thief" films.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: In 2017 Derek Kolstad, the writer of the "John Wick" films, publicly talked about his work on his TV show adaption of Hitman stating that it's "pretty much similar to the Jason Bourne films”. Kolstad has stated that his adaption of Agent 47 will differ slightly from that of the vision IO has already made. Despite being announced in 2017, Kolstad doesn't know when the TV series will start filming. As of December 2021, the show still doesn't have a cast list.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: William C. Dietz wrote the first novel in the "Hitman" book series, titled "Hitman: Enemy Within". It was released on August 28, 2007, and published by Del Rey Books. Set between the events of 2002's "" and 2004's "", the novel centers around the Franchise (the main antagonists of the 2006 game ""), a rival contract killing organization that is trying to take down 47's employers, the ICA. The book has received fairly positive reviews, with an overall score of 3.8 out of 5 on "Goodreads.com", based on 573 reviews, and 4.5 out of 5 on Amazon.com, based on 144 reviews (as of December 2021).


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: The second novel in the "Hitman" book series, "Hitman: Damnation", was written by Raymond Benson and was published on October 30, 2012. It serves as a tie-in and prequel to the 2012 game, "".


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: "Agent 47: Birth of the Hitman" is a six-issue comic book miniseries that ran from November 2017 to June 2018, and was later released as a graphic novel in 2019. The series ties-in with the "World of Assassination" trilogy and depicts 47's life before the events of the games, including his upbringing at Dr. Ort-Meyer's asylum and his previous career as a brainwashed assassin for Providence alongside his best friend, Lucas Grey / Subject 6. IO Interactive had complete control over the storyline of the comic.


title: Hitman (franchise)

text: In various interviews conducted with IO Interactive, they have confirmed that despite "Hitman 3" being the final game in the "World of Assassination" trilogy, it will not be the last game in the franchise.


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: Jennifer Carpenter is an American actress who is known for her role as Debra Morgan in the Showtime series "Dexter", for which she earned a Saturn Award in 2009, and also for playing Rebecca Harris in the CBS television series "Limitless".


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: In 2019, she began playing Erica Shepherd, the lead role in the NBC drama "The Enemy Within". In 2020, Carpenter voiced Sonya Blade in the direct-to-video martial arts film "" (2020), a role she reprised in the sequel "" (2021).


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: Carpenter was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the daughter of Catherine (née Mitchell) and Robert Carpenter. She attended St. Raphael the Archangel and then Sacred Heart Academy. She trained at the Walden Theatre Conservatory program, and later at New York City's Juilliard School (Drama Division "Group 31": 1998–2002).


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: Before graduation, she was cast in the 2002 Broadway revival of Arthur Miller's "The Crucible" starring Liam Neeson and Laura Linney.


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: Carpenter first attracted critical attention for her performance in "The Exorcism of Emily Rose". She took home the 2006 MTV Movie Award for "Best Frightened Performance", and received a "Hollywood Life Breakthrough Award". She was named "Breakout Performer" at the 2006 Scream Awards.


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: In 2008, she starred in "Quarantine", an American remake of the 2007 Spanish horror film [REC], about a deadly zombie virus outbreak in an apartment complex.


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: Carpenter played the role of Debra Morgan in the Showtime crime drama television series "Dexter", which premiered October 1, 2006. Her portrayal of the title character's adoptive sister impressed a number of critics, with Australian journalist Jack Marx describing her portrayal of "cool and clumsy" Debra as "so perfect that many viewers appear to have mistaken the character's flaws for the actor's."


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: In 2011, she starred in the off-Broadway play "Gruesome Playground Injuries" at Second Stage Theatre and had a guest appearance on the CBS drama "The Good Wife".


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: In January 2014, it was announced that Carpenter would star in a new ABC drama "Sea of Fire", playing FBI Agent Leah Pierce. However, the show was not picked up as a series. In August 2014, it was announced that she would provide the voice of Juli Kidman in the survival horror video game "The Evil Within", marking her first video game appearance. The game was released in October 2014, and Carpenter provided voicework for two of "The Evil Within"'s DLC chapters, "The Assignment" and "The Consequence", which featured Juli Kidman as the playable protagonist. However, Carpenter did not reprise the role in the game's sequel, "The Evil Within 2", and her character was recast.


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: In early 2015, Carpenter was cast in the CBS drama series "Limitless" in which she co-starred with Jake McDorman.


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: On July 13, 2021, Showtime confirmed that Carpenter would reprise her role of Debra Morgan in a 10-episode limited series, with Clyde Phillips returning as showrunner. The series premiered on November 7, 2021.


title: Jennifer Carpenter

text: In 2007, she began dating her "Dexter" co-star Michael C. Hall. They eloped on New Year's Eve 2008 in California and publicly appeared together for the first time as a married couple at the 66th Golden Globe Awards in January 2009. In December 2010, Hall and Carpenter released a statement announcing that they had filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences, after having been separated "for some time". The divorce was finalized in December 2011; the two remain very close friends.