title: Tron: Legacy

text: In defining his method for creating "Tron: Legacy", Kosinski declared that his main objective was to "make it feel real," adding that he wanted the audience to feel like filming actually occurred in the fictional universe. For this, many physical sets were built, as Kosinski "wanted the materials to be real materials: glass, concrete, steel, so it had this kind of visceral quality." Kosinski collaborated with people who specialized in fields outside of the film industry, such as architecture and automotive design. The looks for the Grid aimed for a more advanced version of the cyberspace visited by Flynn in "Tron", which Lisberger described as "a virtual Galapagos, which has evolved on its own." As Bailey put, the Grid would not have any influence from the Internet as it had turned offline from the real world in the 1980s, and "grew on its own server into something powerful and unique." Kosinski added that as the simulation became more realistic, it would try to become closer to the real world with environmental effects such as rain and wind, and production designer Darren Gilford stated that there would be a juxtaposition between the variety of texture and color of the real-world introduction in contrast with the "clean surfaces and lines" of the Grid. As the design team considered the lights a major part of the "Tron" look, particularly for being set in a dark world—described by effects art director Ben Procter as "dark silhouetted objects dipped in an atmosphere with clouds in-between, in a kind of Japanese landscape painting" where "the self-lighting of the objects is the main light source"—lighting was spread through every prop on the set, including the floor in Flynn's hideout. Lisberger also stated that while the original "Tron" "reflected the way cyberspace was," the sequel was "going to be like a modern day, like contemporary plus, in terms of how much resolution, the texturing, the feel, the style," adding that "it doesn't have that Pong Land vibe to it anymore."


title: Tron: Legacy

text: The skintight suits worn by the actors were reminiscent of the outfits worn by the actors in the original film. Kosinski believed that the costumes could be made to be practical due to the computerized nature of the film, as physically illuminating each costume would be costly to the budget. Christine Bieselin Clark worked with Michael Wilkinson in designing the lighted costumes, which used electroluminescent lamps derived from a flexible polymer film and featured hexagonal patterns. The lights passed through the suit via Light Tape, a substance composed of Honeywell lamination and Sylvania phosphors. To concoct a color, a transparent 3M Vinyl film was applied onto the phosphor prior to lamination. While most of the suits were made out of foam latex, others derived from spandex, which was sprayed with balloon rubber, ultimately giving the illusion of a lean shape. The actors had to be compressed to compensate for the bulk of the electronics. In addition, Clark and Wilkinson designed over 140 background costumes. The two sought influence from various fashion and shoe designers in building the costumes. On the back of the suit was an illuminated disc, which consisted of 134 LED lights. It was attached to the suit via a magnet, and was radio-controlled. All the costumes had to be sewn in such a way that the stitches did not appear, as the design team figured that in a virtual environment the clothes would just materialize, with no need for buttons, zippers or enclosures. According to Neville Page, the lead designer for the helmets, "The art departments communicated very well with each other to realise Joe's [...] vision. We would look over each other's shoulders to find inspiration from one another. The development of the costumes came from trying to develop the form language which came from within the film."


title: Tron: Legacy

text: The majority of the suits were designed using ZBrush. A scan of an actor's body was taken, which was then encased to decipher the fabric, the location of the foam, amongst other concerns. With a computer numerical cutting (CNC) of dense foam, a small-scale output would be created to perfect fine details before initiating construction of the suit. Upon downloading the participant's body scan, the illustrations were overlaid to provide an output manufacturing element. Describing the CNC process, Chris Lavery of Clothes on Film noted that it had a tendency to elicit bubbles and striations. Clark stated: "The [...] suit is all made of a hexagon mesh which we also printed and made the fabric from 3D files. This would go onto the hard form; it would go inside the mould which was silicon matrix. We would put those together and then inject foam into the negative space. The wiring harness is embedded into the mould and you get a torso. We then paint it and that's your finished suit."


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Crowd effects for the gaming arena were recorded at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. During one of the "Tron: Legacy" panels, the crowd was given instruction via a large video screen while techs from Skywalker Sound recorded the performance. The audience performed chants and stomping effects similar to what is heard in modern sports arenas.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: It took two years and 10 companies to create the 1,565 visual effects shots of "Tron: Legacy". The majority of the effects were done by Digital Domain, who created 882 shots under supervisor Eric Barba. The production team blended several special effect techniques, such as chroma keying, to allow more freedom in creating effects. Similar to "Tron", this approach was seen as pushing the boundaries of modern technology. "I was going more on instinct rather than experience," Kosinski remarked. Although he had previously used the technology in producing advertisements, this was the first time Kosinski used it a large scale simultaneously. Darren Gilford was approached as the production designer, while David Levy was hired as a concept artist. Levy translated Kosinski's ideas into drawings and other visual designs. "Joe's vision evolved the visuals of the first film," he stated. "He wanted the Grid to feel like reality, but with a twist." An estimated twenty to twenty-five artists from the art department developed concepts of the "Tron: Legacy" universe, which varied from real world locations to fully digital sets. Gilford suggested that there were between sixty and seventy settings in the film, split up into fifteen fully constructed sets with different levels of computer-created landscapes.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Rather than utilizing makeup tactics, such as the ones used in "A Beautiful Mind", to give Jeff Bridges a younger appearance, the character of Clu was completely computer generated. To show that this version of Clu was created some time after the events of the original film, the visual effects artists based his appearance on how Bridges looked in "Against All Odds", released two years after "Tron". The effects team hired makeup artist Rick Baker to construct a molded likeness of a younger Bridges head to serve as their basis for their CG work. But soon, they scrapped the mold because they wished for it to be more youthful. There was no time to make another mold, so the team reconstructed it digitally. On-set, first Bridges would perform, being then followed by actor double John Reardon who would mimic his actions. Reardon's head was replaced on post-production with the digital version of the young Bridges.<ref name="http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/40548535/ns/today-entertainment/t/tron-legacy-reverse-ages-jeff-bridges/"></ref> Barba – who was involved in a similar experience for "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" — stated that they used four microcameras with infrared sensors to capture all 134 dots on Bridges face that would be the basis of the facial movements, a similar process that was used in "Avatar". It took over two years to not only create the likeness of Clu, but also the character's movements (such as muscle movement). Bridges called the experience surreal and said it was "Just like the first "Tron", but for real!"<ref name="http://screenrant.com/tron-legacy-behind-the-scenes-rothc-88842/"></ref>


title: Tron: Legacy

text: The French electronic duo Daft Punk composed the film score of "Tron: Legacy", which features over 30 tracks. The score was arranged and orchestrated by Joseph Trapanese. Jason Bentley served as the film's music supervisor.<ref name="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2010/11/kcrw-to-host-preview-of-daft-punks-tron-legacy-score-on-saturday-.html"></ref> An electronic music fan, Kosinski stated that to replicate the innovative electronic "Tron" score by Wendy Carlos "rather than going with a traditional film composer, I wanted to try something fresh and different," adding that "there was a lot of interest from different electronic bands that I follow to work on the film" but he eventually picked Daft Punk. Kosinski added that he knew the band was "more than just dance music guys" for side projects such as their film "Electroma". The duo were first contacted by producers in 2007, when "Tron: Legacy" was still in the early stages of production. Since they were touring at the time, producers were unsuccessful in contacting the group. They were again approached by Kosinski, eventually agreeing to take part in the film a year later. Kosinski added that Daft Punk were huge "Tron" fans, and that his meeting with them "was almost like they were interviewing me to make sure that I was going to hold up to the "Tron" legacy." Composition started before the film's production started.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: The soundtrack is different from the band's previous works for its higher emphasis on orchestral elements. "Synths are a very low level of artificial intelligence," explained member Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, "whereas you have a Stradivarius that will live for a thousand years. We knew from the start that there was no way that we were going to do this film score with two synthesizers and a drum machine."


title: Tron: Legacy

text: "Derezzed" was taken from the album and released as its sole single. The album was released by Walt Disney Records on December 3, 2010, and sold 71,000 copies in its first week in the United States. Peaking at number six on the "Billboard" 200, it eventually acquired a gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America, denoting shipments of 500,000 copies. A remix album for the soundtrack, titled "", became available on April 5, 2011 to coincide with the film's home media release. Joseph Kosinski, director of the film, referred to the score as a mixture of orchestral and electronic elements.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: On July 21, 2009, several film-related websites posted they had received via mail a pair of "Flynn's Arcade" tokens along with a flash drive. Its content was an animated GIF that showed CSS code lines. Four of them were put together and part of the code was cracked, revealing the URL to Flynnlives.com, a fictitious site maintained by activists who believe Kevin Flynn is alive, even though he has been missing since 1989. Clicking on a tiny spider in the lower section of the main page led to a countdown clock that hit zero on July 23, 2009, 9:30 pm PDT. Within the Terms of Use Section, an address was found. It lies in San Diego, California, USA near the city's convention center where the Comic-Con 2009 took place and some footage and information on the sequel was released. Flynn's Arcade was re-opened at that location, with several Space Paranoids arcade machines and a variety of '80s video games. A full-size light cycle from the new film was on display.<ref name="http://io9.com/5319771/first-tron-2-viral-flynn-lives"></ref>


title: Tron: Legacy

text: A ninth viral site, homeoftron.com, was found. It portrays some of the history of Flynn's Arcade as well as a fan memoir section. On December 19, 2009 a new poster was revealed, along with the second still from the film.<ref name="http://www.quietearth.us/articles/2009/12/09/Poster-and-first-still-for-TRON-LEGACY"></ref> Banners promoting the film paved the way to the 2010 Comic-Con convention center, making this a record third appearance for the film at the annual event.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Disney also partnered with both Coke Zero and Norelco on "Tron: Legacy". Disney's subsidiary Marvel Comics had special covers of their superheroes in "Tron" garb, and Nokia had trailers for the film preloaded on Nokia N8 phones while doing a promotion to attend the film's London premiere. While Sam picks up a can of Coors in the film, it was not product placement, with the beer appearing because Kosinski "just liked the color and thought it would look good on screen."


title: Tron: Legacy

text: There is a TRON Lightcycle Power Run ride at Disney Shanghai and construction is in progress for the same ride in the Magic Kingdom park in Florida with completion estimated in spring 2023. At the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, one monorail train was decorated with special artwork depicting light cycles with trailing beams of light, along with the film's logo. This "Tron"-themed monorail, formerly the "Coral" monorail, was renamed the "Tronorail" and unveiled in March 2010. At the Disneyland Resort in California, a nighttime dance party named "ElecTRONica" premiered on October 8, 2010 and was set to close in May 2011, but it was extended until April 2012 due to positive guest response, in Hollywood Land at Disney California Adventure Park. Winners of America's Best Dance Crew, Poreotics, performed at ElecTRONica. As part of ElecTRONica, a sneak peek with scenes from the film is shown in 3D with additional in-theater effects in the Muppet*Vision 3D theater.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: On October 29, 2010, the nighttime show "World of Color" at Disney California Adventure Park began soft-openings after its second show of a "Tron: Legacy"-themed encore using a Daft Punk music piece titled "The Game Has Changed" from the film soundtrack, using new effects and projections on Paradise Pier attractions. The encore officially premiered on November 1, 2010. On December 12, 2010, the show "", as part of a house rebuild, constructed a "Tron: Legacy"-themed bedroom for one of the occupants' young boys. The black painted room not only consisted of life-sized "Tron" city graphics, but also glowing blue line graphics on the walls, floor and furniture, a desk with glowing red-lit Recognizers for the legs and a "Tron" suit-inspired desk chair, a light cycle-shaped chair with blue lighting accents, a projection mural system that projected "Tron" imagery on a glass wall partition, a laptop computer, a flat panel television, several "Tron: Legacy" action figures, a daybed in black and shimmering dark blue and blue overhead lit panels.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Disney was involved with the Ice Hotel in Jukkasjärvi, Sweden through association with designers Ian Douglas-Jones at I-N-D-J and Ben Rousseau to create "The Legacy of the River," a high-tech suite inspired by "Tron: Legacy". The suite uses electroluminescent wire to capture the art style of the film. It consists of over 60 square meters of 100mm thick ice equating to approximately six tons. 160 linear meters of electroluminescent wire were routed out, sandwiched and then glued with powdered snow and water to create complex geometric forms. The Ice Hotel is expected to get 60,000 visitors for the season, which lasts December 2010 through April 2011. On November 19, 2010, the "Tron: Legacy" Pop Up Shop opened at Royal-T Cafe and Art Space in Culver City, California. The shop featured many of the collaborative products created as tie-ins with the film from brands such as Oakley, Hurley and Adidas. The space was decorated in theme and the adjacent cafe had a tie in menu with "Tron"-inspired dishes. The shop remained open until December 23, 2010.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Electronics and toy lines inspired by the film were released during late 2010. A line of "Tron"-inspired jewelry, shoes and apparel was also released, and Disney created a pop-up store to sell them in Culver City. Custom "Tron" branded gaming controllers have been released for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Wii.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: A tie-in video game, entitled "", was released on November 25, 2010. The story takes place between the original film and "Tron: Legacy". Teaser trailers were released in November 2009, while a longer trailer was shown during the Spike Video Game Awards on December 12, 2009. There were also two games released for the iOS devices (iPhone, iPod, and iPad) as tie-ins to the films. Disney commissioned N-Space to develop a series of multiplayer games based on "Tron: Legacy" for the Wii console. IGN reviewed the PlayStation 3 version of the game but gave it only a "passable" 6 out of 10. A tie-in 128-page graphic novel "" was released by Disney Press on November 16, 2010. It includes an 11-page retelling of the original "Tron" story, in addition to a story taking place between the original film and "Tron: Legacy". IGN reviewed the comic and gave it a "passable" score of 6.5 out of 10.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: On October 28, 2010, a 23-minute preview of the film was screened on many IMAX theaters all over the world, (presented by ASUS). The tickets for this event were sold out within an hour on October 8. Stand-by tickets for the event were also sold shortly before the presentation started. Original merchandise from the film was also available for sale. Announced through the official "Tron" Facebook page, the red carpet premiere of the film was broadcast live on the Internet.<ref name="http://www.execdigital.com/entertainment/celebrities/watch-tron-legacy-premiere-streaming-live-londons-leicester-square"></ref> "Tron: Legacy" was released in theaters on December 17, 2010, in the United States and United Kingdom. The film was originally set to be released in the UK on December 26, 2010, but was brought forward due to high demand. The film was presented in IMAX 3D and Disney Digital 3D. The film was also released with D-BOX motion code in select theaters and released in 50 Iosono-enhanced cinemas, creating "3D sound."


title: Tron: Legacy

text: On December 10, 2010, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, a special premiere was hosted by George Stroumboulopoulos organised through Twitter, open to the first 100 people who showed up at the CN Tower. After the film ended the tower was lit up blue to mirror The Grid. On December 13, 2010, in select cities all over the United States, a free screening of the entire film in 3D was available to individuals on a first-come, first-served basis. Free "Flynn Lives" pins were handed out to the attendees. The announcement of the free screenings was made on the official Flynn Lives Facebook page. On January 21, 2011, the German designer Michael Michalsky hosted the German premiere of the film at his cultural event StyleNite during Berlin Fashion Week.<ref name="http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/michalsky-to-screen-tron-film-after-fashion-show-3392825"></ref>


title: Tron: Legacy

text: "Tron: Legacy" was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray Disc, DVD, and digital download in North America on April 5, 2011. "Tron: Legacy" was available stand-alone as a single-disc DVD, a two-disc DVD and Blu-ray combo pack, and a four-disc box set adding a Blu-ray 3D and a digital copy. A five-disc box set featuring both "Tron" films was also released, entitled "The Ultimate Tron Experience", having a collectible packaging resembling an identity disk. The digital download of "Tron: Legacy" was available in both high definition or standard definition, including versions with or without the digital extras.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: A short film sequel to the film, "Tron: The Next Day", as well as a preview of the 19-episode animated series "", is included in all versions of the home media release. "Tron: Legacy" was the second Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment release that included Disney Second Screen, a feature accessible via a computer or iPad app download that provides additional content as the user views the film. Forty minutes of the film were shot in 2.39:1 and then vertically enhanced for IMAX. These scenes are presented in 1.78:1 in a similar way to the Blu-ray release of "The Dark Knight".


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Leading up to the release, various commercial analysts predicted that "Tron: Legacy" would gross $40–$50 million during its opening weekend, a figure that "Los Angeles Times" commentator Ben Fritz wrote would be "solid but not spectacular." Although the studio hoped to attract a broad audience, the film primarily appealed to men: "Women appear to be more hesitant about the science-fiction sequel," wrote Fritz. Jay Fernandez of "The Hollywood Reporter" felt that the disproportionate audience would be problematic for the film's long term box office prospects. Writing for "Box Office Mojo", Brandon Gray attributed pre-release hype to "unwarranted blockbuster expectations from fanboys," given the original "Tron" was considered a box office success when it was released, and the film's cult fandom "amounted to a niche."


title: Tron: Legacy

text: In North America, the film earned $43.6 million during the course of its opening weekend. On its opening day, it grossed $17.6 million, including $3.6 million during midnight showings from 2,000 theaters, 29% of which were IMAX screenings, and went on to claim the top spot for the weekend, ahead of "Yogi Bear" and "How Do You Know". "Tron: Legacy" grossed roughly $68 million during its first week, and surpassed $100 million on its 12th day in release.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Outside North America, "Tron: Legacy" grossed $23 million on its opening weekend, averaging $6,000 per theater. According to Disney, 65% of foreign grosses originated from five key markets; Japan, Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, and Spain. The film performed the best in Japan, where it took $4.7M from 350 theaters. Australia ($3.4M), the United Kingdom ($3.2M), Brazil ($1.9M), and Spain ($1.9M). By the following week, "Tron: Legacy" obtained $65.5 million from foreign markets, bringing total grosses to $153.8 million. At the end of its theatrical run, "Tron: Legacy" had grossed $400,062,763; $172,062,763 in North America, and $228,000,000 in other countries.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 51% of commentators gave the film a positive review, based on 248 reviews. Attaining a mean score of 5.86/10, the site's consensus stated: ""Tron: Legacy" boasts dazzling visuals, but its human characters and story get lost amidst its state-of-the-art production design." At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from mainstream critics, "Tron: Legacy" received a rating average of 49, based on 40 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref name="http://www.metacritic.com/movie/tron-legacy"></ref>


title: Tron: Legacy

text: The visual effects were cited as the central highlight of the film. In his three-star review, Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" felt that the environment was aesthetically pleasing, and added that its score displayed an "electronic force" that complemented the visuals. "Rolling Stone" columnist Peter Travers echoed these sentiments, concluding that the effects were of an "award-caliber." J. Hoberman of "The Village Voice" noted that while it was extensively enhanced, "Tron: Legacy" retained the streamlined visuals that were seen in its predecessor, while "Variety" Peter DeBarge affirmed that the visuals and the accompanied "cutting-edge" score made for a "stunning virtual ride." To Nick de Semlyen of "Empire", "This is a movie of astonishing high-end gloss, fused to a pounding Daft Punk soundtrack, populated with sleek sirens and chiselled hunks, boasting electroluminescent landscapes to make Blu-ray players weep." Some critics were not as impressed with the film's special effects. Manohla Dargis of "The New York Times" avouched that despite its occasional notability, the film's "vibrating kaleidoscopic colors that gave the first movie its visual punch have been replaced by a monotonous palette of glassy black and blue and sunbursts of orange and yellow." Though declaring that "Tron: Legacy" was "eye-popping," "San Francisco Chronicle" Amy Biancolli conceded that the special effects were "spectacular"—albeit cheesy. A columnist for "The Wall Street Journal", Joe Morgenstern denounced the producers' emphasis on technological advancements, which he felt could have been used for other means such as drama.<ref name="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703395204576023403064697820.html"></ref> To the "New York Post" Kyle Smith, there were many moments where he "shed [his] customary phlegmatic equilibrium and [...] thought: Hey, this is really exciting!"<ref name="http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/movies/new_tron_is_visual_feast_but_tale_dksLPfqH3xArYK2WybjrHK"></ref>


title: Tron: Legacy

text: The performances of various cast members were frequently mentioned in the critiques. Michael Sheen's portrayal of Castor was particularly acclaimed by commentators, who—because of his flamboyance—drew parallels to pop-rock icon David Bowie, as well as fictional characters such as "A Clockwork Orange" lead character Alex. Dargis, Debruge, Puig, and Carrie Rickey of "The Philadelphia Inquirer" were among the journalists to praise his acting: Dargis ascribed Sheen's exceptional performance to a comparatively "uninteresting" cast. To "Philadelphia Daily News" film critic Gary Thompson, the film became humorous with the scenes involving Castor. "Star Tribune" critic Colin Covert believed that Sheen's campy antics were the "too brief" highlights of "Tron: Legacy". With other cast members—particularly Garrett Hedlund, Olivia Wilde, and Jeff Bridges—commentary reflected diverse attitudes. The film received "a little boost from" Wilde, according to Rickey. "The Boston Globe" Wesley Morris called Hedlund a "dud stud"; "None of what he sees impresses," he elaborated. "The feeling is mutual. At an alleged cost of $200 million, that's some yawn. If he can't be thrilled, why should we?" To Salon commentator Andrew O'Hehir, even Bridges—an individual he regarded as "one of America's most beloved and distinctive" actors—was "weird and complicated" rather than being the "sentimental and alluring" portrayer in the original "Tron".


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Critics were divided with the character development and the storylines in "Tron: Legacy". Writing for "The New Yorker", Bruce Jones commented that the audience did not connect with the characters, as they were lacking emotion and substance. "Disney may be looking for a merchandising bonanza with this long-gestating sequel to the groundbreaking 1982 film," remarked Jones, "but someone in the corporate offices forgot to add any human interest to its action-heavy script." Likewise, "USA Today" journalist Claudia Puig found "Tron: Legacy" to resonate with "nonsensical" and "unimaginative, even obfuscating" dialogue, and that "most of the story just doesn't scan." As Dana Stevens from "Slate" summed up, ""Tron: Legacy" is the kind of sensory-onslaught blockbuster that tends to put me to sleep, the way babies will nap to block out overwhelming stimuli. I confess I may have snoozed through one or two climactic battles only to be startled awake by an incoming neon Frisbee." Although he proclaimed the plot of "Tron: Legacy" and its predecessor to be spotty, Ian Buckwater of NPR was lenient on the latter film due to its youth-friendly nature. In contrast to negative responses, Michelle Alexander of "Eclipse" adored the plot of "Tron: Legacy", a reaction that was paralleled by Rossiter Drake from "7x7", who wrote that it was "buoyed" by its "sometimes convoluted, yet hard to resist" story. "Metro"s Larushka Ivan-Zadeh complained about the underdeveloped plot, saying "In 2010, issues surrounding the immersive nature of gaming and all-consuming power of modern technology are more pertinent than ever, so it's frustrating the script does nothing with them." However, she conceded that "it's the best 3D flick since "Avatar" and a super-groovy soundtrack by Daft Punk nonetheless makes for an awesome watch."


title: Tron: Legacy

text: In the years since its release, it has achieved cult classic status with numerous people expressing their admiration towards the film through YouTube videos, articles, and social media.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: "Tron: Legacy" received an award for "Best Original Score" from the Austin Film Critics Association. The film was also nominated for "Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film" by the Art Directors Guild, and for "Sound Editing" by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The film made the final shortlist for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, although it did not receive a nomination.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: A manga version of "Tron: Legacy" was released by Earth Star Entertainment in Japan on June 30, 2011.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: "Tron: Legacy" was adapted as a location named "The Grid" in the 2012 Nintendo 3DS game "" and the later HD remastered version in "Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue". In 2011, Stern Pinball released "" the pinball machine.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: "", an animated television series, premiered on June 7, 2012 on the Disney XD network across the United States. "Tron: Legacy" writers Adam Horowitz and Eddie Kitsis revealed that the series tells the story of what happened in the Grid in between the films. Bruce Boxleitner and Olivia Wilde reprise their roles as Tron and Quorra from "Tron: Legacy", while Elijah Wood, Lance Henriksen, Mandy Moore, Emmanuelle Chriqui, Paul Reubens, and Nate Corddry voice new characters.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: Steven Lisberger stated on October 28, 2010, before the film's release, that a sequel was in planning and that Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis, screenwriters for "Tron: Legacy", were in the early stages of producing a script for the new film. In March 2015, it was revealed that Disney had greenlit the third film with Hedlund reprising his role as Sam and Kosinski returning to direct the sequel. Wilde was revealed in April to be returning as Quorra. Filming was expected to start in Vancouver in October 2015. However, in May 2015, "The Hollywood Reporter" reported that Walt Disney Studios had chosen not to continue with a third installment, which was confirmed by Wilde the following month. Hedlund later stated that the box office failure of "Tomorrowland" right before the third "Tron" would have begun filming led Disney to cancel the project.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: However, during a 2017 Q&A session with Joseph Kosinski, he revealed that "Tron 3" had not been scrapped, instead saying it was in "cryogenic freeze." A few days later, it was reported that Jared Leto was attached to portray a new character named Ares in the sequel. However, Disney had not officially confirmed that the project was in development.


title: Tron: Legacy

text: In June 2020, Walt Disney Studios President of Music & Soundtracks Mitchell Leib confirmed in an interview that a third "Tron" film was being actively worked on at Disney. He said that Disney has a script written and was looking for a director, though was hopeful that Kosinski would return, as well as saying that it was a high priority for them that Daft Punk return to do the score, though the band's break up in 2021 leaves their return uncertain. In August 2020, "Deadline" reported that Garth Davis had officially been tapped to direct the film from a screenplay by Jesse Wigutow.


title: Naturism

text: Naturism is a lifestyle of practising non-sexual social nudity in private and in public; the word also refers to the cultural movement which advocates and defends that lifestyle. Both may alternatively be called nudism. Though the two terms are broadly interchangeable, "nudism" emphasizes the practice of nudity, whereas "naturism" highlights an attitude favoring harmony with nature and respect for the environment, into which that practice is integrated. That said, naturists come from a range of philosophical and cultural backgrounds; there is no single naturist ideology.


title: Naturism

text: Ethical or philosophical nudism has a long history, with many advocates of the benefits of enjoying nature without clothing. At the turn of the 20th century, organizations emerged to promote social nudity and to establish private campgrounds and resorts for that purpose. Since the 1960s, with the acceptance of public places for clothing-optional recreation, individuals who do not identify themselves as naturists or nudists have been able to casually participate in nude activities. Nude recreation opportunities vary widely around the world, from isolated places known mainly to locals through officially designated nude beaches and parks and on to public spaces and buildings in some jurisdictions.


title: Naturism

text: The XIV Congress of the International Naturist Federation (INF) held at Agde, France, in 1974 defined naturism as:


title: Naturism

text: Many contemporary naturists and naturist organisations advocate that the practice of social nudity should not be linked with sexual activity. Some recent studies show that naturism can help grow self-esteem, and thus have a positive impact on having a well-balanced sexuality, too. For various social, cultural, and historical reasons, the lay public, the media, and many contemporary naturists and their organisations have or present a simplified view of the relationship between naturism and sexuality. Current research has begun to explore this complex relationship.


title: Naturism

text: The usage and definition of these terms varies geographically and historically. Naturism and nudism have the same meaning in the United States, but there is a clear distinction between the two terms in Great Britain.


title: Naturism

text: In naturist parlance, the terms "textile" or "textilist" refer to non-naturist persons, behaviours or facilities (e.g. "the textile beach starts at the flag", "they are a mixed couple – he is naturist, she is textile"). "Textile" is the predominant term used in the UK ("textilist" is unknown in British naturist magazines, including "H&E naturist"), although some naturists avoid using this term due to perceived negative or derogatory connotations. "Textilist" is said to be used interchangeably with "textile", but no dictionary definition to this effect exists, nor are there any equivalent examples of use in mainstream literature such as those for "textile".


title: Naturism

text: Some naturists only practice naturism at special events, some only at private clubs or designated beaches, and some only at home. Most, however, will practice their chosen lifestyle wherever and whenever it is convenient and appropriate.


title: Naturism

text: At naturist-organised events or venues, clothing is usually optional. At naturist swimming pools or sunbathing places, however, complete nudity is expected (weather permitting). This rule is sometimes a source of controversy among naturists. Staff at a naturist facility are usually required to be clothed due to health and safety regulations.


title: Naturism

text: Facilities for naturists are classified in various ways. A landed or members' naturist club is one that owns its own facilities. Non-landed (or travel) clubs meet at various locations, such as private residences, swimming pools, hot springs, landed clubs and resorts, or rented facilities. Landed clubs can be run by members on democratic lines or by one or more owners who make the rules. In either case, they can determine membership criteria and the obligations of members. This usually involves sharing work necessary to maintain or develop the site.


title: Naturism

text: The international naturist organizations were mainly composed of representatives of landed clubs. Nudist colony is no longer a favored term, and can be used by naturists to address landed clubs that have rigid non-inclusive membership criteria.


title: Naturism

text: A holiday centre is a facility that specializes in providing apartments, chalets and camping pitches for visiting holidaymakers. A center is run commercially, and visitors are not members and have no say in the management. Most holiday centers expect visitors to hold an INF card (that is, to belong to an INF-affiliated organization), but some have relaxed this requirement, relying on the carrying of a trade card. Holiday centers vary in size. Larger holiday centres may have swimming pools, sports pitches, an entertainment program, kids' clubs, restaurants and supermarkets. Some holiday centres allow regular visitors to purchase their own chalets, and generations of the same families may visit each year. Holiday centres are more tolerant of clothing than members-only clubs; total nudity is usually compulsory in the swimming pools and may be expected on the beaches, while on the football pitches, or in the restaurants in the evening, it is rare.


title: Naturism

text: A naturist resort is, to a European, a private property with accommodation and facilities where naturism is the norm. Centre Helio-Marin in Vendays Montalivet, Aquitaine, France (the first naturist resort, established in 1950); the naturist village of Charco del Palo on Lanzarote, Canary Islands; Vera Playa in Spain; and Vritomartis Resort in Greece are examples.


title: Naturism

text: In US usage, a naturist resort can mean a holiday centre. Freikörperkultur (FKK)—literally translated as 'free body culture'—is the name for the general movement in Germany. The abbreviation is also recognised outside of Germany and can be found on informal signs indicating the direction to a remote naturist beach.


title: Naturism

text: In some European countries, such as Denmark, all beaches are clothing optional, while in others like Germany (and experimentally in France) there are naturist sunbathing areas in public parks (e.g., in Munich and Berlin). Beaches in some holiday destinations, such as Crete, are also clothing optional, except some central urban beaches. There are two centrally located clothes-optional beaches in Barcelona. Sweden allows nudity on all beaches.


title: Naturism

text: In a survey by "The Daily Telegraph", Germans and Austrians were most likely to have visited a nude beach (28%), followed by Norwegians (18%), Spaniards (17%), Australians (17%), and New Zealanders (16%). Of the nationalities surveyed, the Japanese (2%) were the least likely to have visited a nude beach. This result may indicate the lack of nude beaches in Japan; however, the Japanese are open with regard to family bathing nude at home and at onsens (hot springs).


title: Naturism

text: From Woodstock to Edinburgh, and Nambassa in the southern hemisphere, communal nudity can be seen at music and counterculture festivals.


title: Naturism

text: The Nambassa hippie festivals held in New Zealand in the late 1970s were examples of non-sexual naturism. Of the 75,000 patrons who attended the 1979 Nambassa three-day festival, an estimated 35% of attendees spontaneously chose to remove their clothing, preferring complete or partial nudity.


title: Naturism

text: Some nudist festivals are held to celebrate particular days of the year, and activities may include nude bodypainting. One example is the Neptune Day Festival held in Koktebel, Crimea, to depict mythological events. Another is the Festival Nudista Zipolite organized by the Federación Nudista de México (Mexican Nudist Federation) held annually since 2016 on the first weekend of February.


title: Naturism

text: Some regions host first-time naturists and people who have recently started to practice the naturist lifestyle.


title: Naturism

text: One study noted that some of these people are seasonal naturists who wear clothes during other times of the year.


title: Naturism

text: Nudity in social contexts has been practised in various forms by many cultures and in all time periods. In modern Western society, social nudity is most frequently encountered in the contexts of bathing, swimming and in saunas, whether in single-sex groups, within the family, or with mixed-sex friends, but throughout history and in many contemporary tropical cultures, nudity is a norm at many sports events and competitions.


title: Naturism

text: The first known use of the word "naturisme" occurred in 1778. A French-speaking Belgian, Jean Baptiste Luc Planchon (1734–1781), used the term to advocate nudism as a means of improving the "hygiène de vie" or healthy living.


title: Naturism

text: The earliest known naturist club in the western sense of the word was established in British India in 1891. The Fellowship of the Naked Trust was founded by Charles Edward Gordon Crawford, a widower who was a District and Sessions Judge for the Bombay Civil Service. The commune was based in Matheran and had just three members at the beginning: Crawford and two sons of an Anglican missionary, Andrew and Kellogg Calderwood. The commune fell apart when Crawford was transferred to Ratnagiri; he died soon after in 1894.


title: Naturism

text: In 1902, a series of philosophical papers was published in Germany by Dr. Heinrich Pudor under the pseudonym Heinrich Scham, who coined the term "Nacktkultur". In 1906 he wrote a three-volume treatise with his new term as its title, which discussed the benefits of nudity in co-education and advocated participating in sports while being free of cumbersome clothing. Richard Ungewitter ("Nacktheit", 1906, "Nackt", 1908, etc.) proposed that combining physical fitness, sunlight, and fresh-air bathing, and then adding the nudist philosophy, contributed to mental and psychological fitness, good health, and an improved moral-life view. Major promoters of these ideas included Adolf Koch and Hans Suren. Germany published the first journal of nudism between 1902 and 1932.


title: Naturism

text: The wide publication of those papers, and others, contributed to an explosive worldwide growth of nudism in which nudists participated in various social, recreational, and physical fitness activities in the nude. The first organized club for nudists on a large scale, "Freilichtpark" (Free-Light Park), was opened near Hamburg in 1903 by Paul Zimmerman.


title: Naturism

text: In 1919, German doctor Kurt Huldschinsky discovered that exposure to sunlight helped to cure rickets in many children, causing sunlight to be associated with improved health.


title: Naturism

text: In France in the early 20th century, the brothers Gaston and André Durville, both physicians, studied the effects of psychology, nutrition, and environment on health and healing. They became convinced of the importance of natural foods and the natural environment on human well-being and health. They named this concept in . The profound effect of clean air and sunlight on human bodies became evident to them and so nudity became a part of their naturism.


title: Naturism

text: Naturism became a more widespread phenomenon in the 1920s in Germany, the United Kingdom, France and other European countries and spread to the United States where it became established in the 1930s.


title: Naturism

text: By 1951, the various national federations united to form the International Naturist Federation. Some naturists preferred not to join clubs, and after 1945, pressure arose to designate beaches for naturist use.


title: Naturism

text: From the middle of the 20th century, with changing leisure patterns, commercial organisations began opening holiday resorts to attract naturists who expected the same – or better – standards of comfort and amenity offered to non-naturists. More recently, naturist holiday options have expanded to include cruises.


title: Naturism

text: In the early 21st century many organised clubs saw a decline in attendance by young people, which worried many naturists about the future of the movement. The clubs' aging memberships may have put younger people off joining in a vicious circle of decline. A rise in social conservatism, re-asserting a nudity taboo, may have also contributed to the decline. However, since tolerance for nudity in general is increasing over time, and is higher among younger generations, an alternative hypothesis is that younger naturists no longer feel they need to join a club or visit a resort in order to practise naturism. Active recruitment of younger members is being pursued by some organisations. The phenomenon varies by country, with, for example, naturism in France experiencing steady growth in a younger demographic during the 2010s.


title: Naturism

text: Naturism was part of in the late 1800s (see the writings of André Gide) that also influenced the art movements of the time, specifically Henri Matisse and other Fauve painters. This movement was based on the French concept of "joie de vivre", the idea of reveling freely in physical sensations and direct experiences and a spontaneous approach to life.


title: Naturism

text: Naturist activities can have positive psychological benefits including greater life satisfaction, more positive body image, and higher self-esteem. Social nudity leads to acceptance in spite of differences in age, body shape, fitness, and health.


title: Naturism

text: Christian naturism includes various members associated with most denominations. Although beliefs vary, a common theme is that much of Christianity has misinterpreted the events regarding the Garden of Eden, and that God was displeased with Adam and Eve for covering their bodies with fig leaves.


title: Naturism

text: Naturism is usually promoted as not being sexual, but there are also resorts where social nudity is practised alongside exhibitionism, voyeurism, and other alternative lifestyles like swinging. Mainstream discourse around naturism sometimes conflates sexual and non-sexual variations, though family-oriented naturism organisations try to resist this stigma. Some naturist clubs have shifted to catering to swingers, and as a result may be expelled from mainstream naturist organizations, whilst some naturist villages, notably Cap d'Agde, have been successfully overtaken by swingers and "libertines". Attempts have been made to legislate naturist activity, such as children's summer camps.


title: Naturism

text: Many films and published materials in the middle decades of the 20th century were presented as documentaries of the naturist lifestyle. In fact this was largely a pretext to exploit a loophole in censorship laws restricting the exhibition of nudity. Additionally, child pornography has been distributed under the guise of naturist media. Precisely defining the distinction has proved challenging for law enforcers, as it depends on the subjective question of whether the purpose of the production is sexual. Court cases attempting to differentiate naturist publications from pornography reach back almost a century.


title: Naturism

text: Mpenjati beach in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa is a nude beach where clothes are not allowed.


title: Naturism

text: In most European countries, nudity is not explicitly forbidden. Whether it is tolerated on beaches which are not marked as official nudist beaches varies greatly. The only country with substantially different laws is Denmark, where beach nudity is explicitly allowed on all beaches, except for two in the far west of the country.


title: Naturism

text: Organized naturism in Belgium began in 1924 when engineer Joseph-Paul Swenne founded the Belgian League of Heliophilous Propaganda (usually abbreviated to ) in Uccle near Brussels. This was followed four years later by , founded by Jozef Geertz and hosted on the country estate of entrepreneur Oswald Johan de Schampelaere. Belgian naturism was influenced in equal part by French naturism and German . Today Belgian naturists are represented by the (FBN).


title: Naturism

text: Croatia is world-famous for naturism, which accounts for about 15% of its tourism industry. It was also the first European country to develop commercial naturist resorts. During a 1936 Adriatic cruise, King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson stopped at a beach on the island of Rab where King Edward obtained a special permission from the local government to swim naked, thereby designating it the world's first official nude beach.


title: Naturism

text: In Finnish culture, nudism is considered to be a relatively normal way to live. It is not uncommon to see entire families spending time together naked. Families may be naked while bathing in a sauna, swimming in a pool, or playing on a beach, and it is not unusual to see children playing naked in a family yard for example. Nudity as a whole is considered less taboo than in many other countries.


title: Naturism

text: Marcel Kienné de Mongeot is credited with starting naturism in France in 1920. His family had suffered from tuberculosis, and he saw naturism as a cure and a continuation of the traditions of the ancient Greeks. In 1926 he started the magazine (later called ) and the first French naturist club, , at Garambouville, near Évreux. The court action that he initiated established that nudism was legal on private property that was fenced and screened.


title: Naturism

text: Drs. André and Gaston Durville bought on the Île du Levant where they established the village of Héliopolis, which was open to the public. In 1925 Dr François Fougerat de David de Lastours wrote a thesis on heliotherapy, and in that year opened the . In 1936 the naturist movement was officially recognised.


title: Naturism

text: Albert and Christine Lecocq were active members of many of these clubs, but they left after disagreements and in 1944 founded the with members in 84 cities. Four years later they founded the (FFN); in 1949 they started the magazine, ; and in 1950 they opened the CHM Montalivet, the world's first naturist holiday centre, where the INF was formed.


title: Naturism

text: German naturism ("Freikörperkultur, FKK") was part of the movement and the youth movement of 1896, from Steglitz, Berlin, which promoted ideas of fitness and vigour. At the same time, doctors of the were using heliotherapy, treating diseases such as tuberculosis, rheumatism, and scrofula with exposure to sunlight.


title: Naturism

text: , a term coined in 1903 by Heinrich Pudor, connected nudity, vegetarianism and social reform, and was practised in a network of 200 members clubs. The movement gained prominence in the 1920s by offering a health-giving lifestyle with Utopian ideals. Germany published the first naturist journal between 1902 and 1932, but it became politicised by radical socialists who believed it would lead to classlessness and a breakdown of society. It eventually became associated with pacificism.


title: Naturism

text: In 1926, Adolf Koch established a school of naturism in Berlin, encouraging a mixing of the sexes, open air exercises, and a programme of "sexual hygiene". In 1929 the Berlin school hosted the first International Congress on Nudity.


title: Naturism

text: After World War II, East Germans were free to practice naturism, chiefly at beaches rather than clubs (private organizations were regarded as potentially subversive). Naturism became a large element in DDR politics. The subsection of the Workers Sports Organisation had 60,000 members. Since reunification there are many clubs, parks and beaches open to naturists, though nudity has become less common in the former eastern zone. Germans are typically the most commonly seen visitors at nude beaches in France and around Europe.


title: Naturism

text: Public nudity is legal in Greece. There are no official nude beaches, however, there are numerous unofficial nude beaches especially on the islands frequented by tourists, like Crete, Mykonos or Karpathos, and also on smaller islands like Skopelos or Skiathos where nudity is tolerated, usually at the more remote ends or secluded areas of beaches.


title: Naturism

text: Toplessness also is widely practiced by locals and tourists alike as there are no cultural taboos against it.


title: Naturism

text: In 2015, a court in Greece's second largest city, Thessalonica, acquitted nudist activists who were charged for wandering naked in the city as part of their activist actions for promoting the urban nudism. In its ruling, the court deemed these acts to be "not lewd or lascivious", and vindicated the activists, thus recognizing their right to be naked publicly.


title: Naturism

text: Full nudity is admitted in Italy in the official naturist beaches and places of the country, and in many other places where there's an established tradition of naturist attendance, as confirmed by a recent absolution sentence.


title: Naturism

text: In all other public places, full nudity is generally prohibited by civil law and could be punished with fines that have been recently reduced (min. 51 to max. 309 euros, see the pronouncement of the Constitutional Court).


title: Naturism

text: In the last decades, six regions have created laws to promote naturist tourism, and actually there are more than twenty official naturist beaches in all Italy, where naturism is recognised and guaranteed by administrative acts, and more than thirty beaches with a long tradition of naturist attendance where nudity is accepted. Naturist accommodations are located in most of the regions and it's estimated that the number of nudists and naturists in Italy is about half a million people. Since the 1960s there are naturist associations in many regions, and a naturist federation on a national level.


title: Naturism

text: Female toplessness is allowed, in a nonsexual context, in all the beaches of the country: on March 20, 2000, the Supreme Court of Cassation through sentence No. 3557 has determined that the exposure of the nude female breast since some decades is considered a "commonly accepted behavior" and therefore has "entered into the social custom". Since then, local government regulations forbidding toplessness are extremely rare.


title: Naturism

text: The oldest Dutch naturist association is ("Sun and Life"), founded in 1946 with the aim of promoting healthy physical and mental development and a natural way of life. The national association is (NFN), which in 2017 adopted the new brand name ("Simply Naked") in an effort to become more accessible to casual naturists and strengthen the acceptance of nude recreation.


title: Naturism

text: In general, Dutch people are very tolerant of beach nudity, as long as it does not impact others, or involve inappropriate staring or sexual behaviour. Topless sunbathing is permitted on most beaches except where prohibited by signage.


title: Naturism

text: The "Federação Portuguesa de Naturismo" (Portuguese Naturist Federation) or FPN was founded on 1 March 1977 in Lisbon. In the 21st century, naturism is considered a tolerated practice, whereas there are many officially designated nudist beaches.


title: Naturism

text: In today's Poland naturism is practiced in number of the seaside and inland beaches. Most Polish beaches of this type are actually clothing-optional rather than naturist. One such beach is Międzyzdroje-Lubiewo.


title: Naturism

text: Public nudity in Spain is not illegal since there is no law banning its practice. Spanish legislation foresees felony for exhibitionism but restricts its scope to obscene exposure in front of children or mentally impaired individuals, i.e. with sexual connotation. There are, however, some municipalities (like San Pedro del Pinatar) where public nudity has been banned by means of by-laws. Other municipalities (like Barcelona, Salou, Platja de Palma and Sant Antoni de Portmany) have used similar provisions to regulate partial nudity, requiring people to cover their torsos on the streets. Some naturist associations have appealed these by-laws on the grounds that a fundamental right (freedom of expression, as they understand nudism to be self-expression) cannot be regulated with such a mechanism. Some courts have ruled in favour of nudist associations. Nudism in Spain is normally practised by the seaside, on beaches or small coves with a tradition of naturism. In Vera (Andalusia), there is a wide residential area formed by nudist urbanisations. Nudist organisations may organise some activities elsewhere in inner territory.


title: Naturism

text: Legal provisions regarding partial nudity (or toplessness) are analogous to those regarding full nudity, but social tolerance towards toplessness is higher. The law does not require women to cover their breasts in public swimming, or on any beach in Spain. The governments of the municipalities of Galdakao and L'Ametlla del Vallès legalized female toplessness on their public pools in March 2016 and June 2018, respectively.


title: Naturism

text: In the United Kingdom, the first official nudist club was established in Wickford, Essex, in 1924. According to Michael Farrar, writing for British Naturism, the club adopted the name "Moonella Group" from the name of the owner of the ground and called its site The Camp. Moonella, who was still living in 1965 but whose identity remains to be discovered, had inherited a house with land in 1923 and made it available to certain members of the New Gymnosophy Society. This society was founded a few years before by H.C. Booth, M.H. Sorensen and Rex Wellbye under the name of the English Gymnosophical Society. It met for discussions at the Minerva Cafe at 144 High Holborn in London, the headquarters of the Women's Freedom League. Those who were permitted to join the Moonella Group were carefully selected, and the club was run by a leadership of the original members, all of whom had club names to preserve their anonymity. The club closed in 1926 because of construction on adjacent land.


title: Naturism

text: By 1943, there were a number of "sun clubs", and together they formed the British Sun Bathers Association, or BSBA. In 1954, a group of clubs unhappy with the way the BSBA was being run, split to form the Federation of British Sun Clubs, or FBSC. In 1961, the BSBA Annual Conference agreed that the term nudist was inappropriate and should be discarded in favour of naturist. The two organisations rivalled each other before eventually coming together again in 1964 as the Central Council for British Naturism, or CCBN. This organisation structure has remained much the same but it is now called British Naturism, which is often abbreviated to BN.


title: Naturism

text: The first official nude beach was opened at Fairlight Glen in Covehurst Bay near Hastings in 1978 (not to be confused with Fairlight Cove, which is to the east), followed later by the beaches at Brighton and Fraisthorpe. Bridlington opened in April 1980.


title: Naturism

text: Australia's first naturist club was founded in Sydney in 1931 by the French-born anarchist and pacifist Kleber Claux. In 1975, the southern half of Maslin Beach, south of Adelaide, was declared Australia's first official nude beach. The beach is almost long, so the area reserved for nude bathing is away from other beach users.


title: Naturism

text: Nudist clubs (called "sun clubs") were established in Dunedin and Auckland in early 1938; the Auckland Sun Group went into recess shortly afterwards due to the outbreak of World War II. In 1958 the allied nudist clubs of New Zealand established the New Zealand Sunbathing Association, later renamed the New Zealand Naturist Federation. The Federation includes 17 affiliated clubs with a total membership (in 2012) of 1,600 people. In 2016 the Federation, in conjunction with Tourism New Zealand, hosted the World Congress of the International Naturist Federation at the Wellington Naturist Club, marking the second time the Congress had ever been held in the Southern Hemisphere.


title: Naturism

text: Outside formal naturist organizations, social nudity is practised in a variety of contexts in New Zealand culture. It is a feature of many summer music festivals, including Convergence, Kiwiburn, Luminate, Rhythm & Vines, and Splore, in a tradition going back to Nambassa in the late 1970s. It is also associated with the culture of rugby, most prominently in the nude rugby match held in Dunedin each winter from 2002 to 2014 (and sporadically thereafter) as pre-match entertainment for the first professional rugby game of the season, and in the mock public holiday "National Nude Day", an event in which viewers of the TV2 talk show "SportsCafe" were invited – chiefly by former rugby player Marc Ellis, the show's most irrepressibly comic presenter – to send in photos and video of themselves performing daily activities in the nude.


title: Naturism

text: While a large proportion of New Zealanders are tolerant of nudity, especially on beaches, there remains a contingent who consider it obscene. Naturists who engage in casual public nudity, even in places where this is lawful, risk being reported to police by disapproving people. Legally, nudity is permissible on any beach where it is "known to occur", in consequence of which New Zealand has no official nude beaches. The indecent exposure provision of the Summary Offences Act is, in practice, reserved for cases of public sexual gratification, but public nudity may still be prosecuted under the "offensive behaviour" provision.


title: Naturism

text: In Canada individuals around the country became interested in nudism, skinny-dipping, and physical culture in the early part of the 20th century. "Sunbathing & Health", a magazine targeted toward Canadian naturists and which occasionally carried local news, began publication after 1940. There were scattered groups of naturists in several cities during the 1930s and 1940s, and some of these groups attracted enough interest to form clubs on private land. The most significant clubs were the Van Tan Club, formed in 1939, which is still operating in North Vancouver, BC, and the Sun Air Club, in Ontario.


title: Naturism

text: Canadians who served in the military during the Second World War met like-minded souls from across the country, and often visited clubs while in Europe. They were a ready pool of recruits for post-war organizers. A few years later, the wave of post-war immigration brought many Europeans with their own extensive experience, and they not only swelled the ranks of membership, but often formed their own clubs, helping to expand nudism from coast to coast.


title: Naturism

text: Most clubs eventually united in the Canadian Sunbathing Association, which affiliated with the American Sunbathing Association in 1954. Several disagreements between eastern and western members of the CSA resulted in its division into the Western Canadian Sunbathing Association (WCSA) and the Eastern Canadian Sunbathing Association (ECSA) in 1960. The ECSA endured much in-fighting over the next fifteen years, which led to its official demise in 1978. The WCSA changed its name to the American Association for Nude Recreation – Western Canadian Region, a region of the American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR), which itself was formerly known as the ASA.


title: Naturism

text: In 1977 the (FQN) was founded in Quebec by Michel Vaïs, who had experienced European naturism at Montalivet. In 1985 the Federation of Canadian Naturists (FCN) was formed with the support of the FQN. In 1988 the FQN and FCN formed the FQN-FCN Union as the official Canadian representative in the International Naturist Federation.


title: Naturism

text: Federación Nudista de México is a members organization with both individual and organization members. It promotes social nudity in Mexico, and it is recognized by the International Naturist Federation as the official national naturist organization in that country.


title: Naturism

text: As of 2016, Playa Zipolite is Mexico's first and only legal public nude beach. A "free beach" and unofficially nudist for more than 50 years, this beach is reputed to be the best place for nudism in the country. The numerous nude sunbathers, and the long tradition, make it safe for nudism and naturism. Annually since 2016, on the first weekend of February, Zipolite has hosted Festival Nudista Zipolite that in 2019 attracted 7,000–8,000 visitors.


title: Naturism

text: Kurt Barthel founded the American League for Physical Culture in 1929 and organized the first nudist event. In about 1930 they organized the American Gymnosophical Association. Barthel founded America's first official nudist camp, Sky Farm in New Jersey, in May, 1932. Around 1932, the AGA established the Rock Lodge Club as a nudist facility in Stockholm, New Jersey and Ilsley Boone, a Dutch Reformed minister, formed the Christian naturism movement. Naturism began to expand nationwide. Nudism venues were alcohol-free until 1970.


title: Naturism

text: The American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR) is the national naturist organization. Arnd Krüger compared nudists in Germany and the United States and came to the conclusion that in Germany the racial aspects ("Zuchtwahl") were important for the breakthrough (e.g. the Commanding General of the Army served as patron for nudists events), while in the U.S. nudism was far more commercial and had thus more difficulties.


title: Naturism

text: In 2008, Florida Young Naturists held their first Naked Bash, which has been repeated multiple times per year and has grown into one of the largest young naturist gatherings in the world.


title: Naturism

text: In 2009, a campaign to promote nudism in the United States occurred with an effort by the AANR to record the largest simultaneous skinny dip at several U.S. clubs and beaches, which occurred on July 11 of that year.


title: Naturism

text: In 2010, a new organization formed called Young Naturists America, which was mostly focused on the younger generation, as well as social issues, such as body image. Young Naturists and Nudists America closed in 2017.


title: Naturism

text: In the 1970s, nudity on Bali's remote and deserted beaches was common, but with the massive growth of tourism this practice has disappeared. In 2002, nudity was declared illegal on Petitenget Beach, the last beach in Seminyak that tolerated discreet nudity. Individuals began to practice nudity in private villas and resorts. Laki Uma Villa, the first naturist facility to open, was for gay men only. Bali au Naturel, the first adult-only nudist resort for both genders, opened its doors in 2004. It subsequently expanded from 3 to 15 rooms and added two more swimming pools.


title: Naturism

text: Nudism was successfully introduced in 2012 by The Thailand Naturist Association in Pattaya (Chan Resort), and five more nudist resorts have been created across Thailand: Barefeet Resort in Bangkok, Lemon Tree Resort in Phuket, Oriental Village in Chiangmai, Phuan Naturist Village in Pattaya, and Peace Blue Naturist Resort in Phuket.


title: Naturism

text: Since 2020 during the worldwide pandemic, Lemon Tree Resort in Phuket, Oriental Village in Chiangmai, and Phuan Naturist Village in Pattaya had been permanently closed.


title: Naturism

text: Dragonfly Naturist Village in Pattaya (a member of American Association for Nude Recreation) has opened and currently expanding its property as the largest naturist resort in Thailand.


title: Naturism

text: Naturism is allowed in the official nude beaches of Puerto Escondido, located near Miramar, and Playa Querandí, located in Villa Gesell. Furthermore, total nudity is also permitted in some private naturist resorts.


title: Naturism

text: In general, public nudity tends to be condemned by the Brazilian authorities, which commonly see it as indecent exposure. However, the country has the highest number of official nude beaches in Latin America, being 8 in total, and this is partially explained by the fact that the Brazilian territory has more than of ocean coast. Moreover, there are a few private naturist clubs throughout the country where full nudity is accepted as well. Naturism in Brazil is regulated by the Brazilian Naturism Federation (in Portuguese: "Federação Brasileira de Naturismo", abbreviated as "FBrN").


title: Naturism

text: The first nude beach in the country, called Playa Luna, was officially legalized in 2000, and there are unofficial restricted areas that were created in Playa Luna Norte (Tarapacá), Playa Luna Sur (Coliumo), Playa Escondida (Antofagasta), Playa Blanca (Tongoy) and Pichilemu, where it is possible to completely undress with total normality.


title: Naturism

text: There are two official nude beaches where the practice of naturism is allowed: Chihuahua, located in the resort of the same name, and La Sirena, located in the resort of Aguas Dulces.


title: Naturism

text: Magazines in the second and, occasionally, third groups feature naturist editorial and advertising. While some naturists argue over which magazines belonged in which of these categories, these views may change as publishers and editors change. Many clubs and groups have benefited from magazines which, while not exclusively or even predominantly naturist in character, made naturist information available to many who would not otherwise have been aware of it. The information and advertising provided online, along with the wide availability of free online porn, has meant the disappearance of old-style "skin" magazines presenting significant glamour content masquerading as, or alongside, naturist content. Naturist magazines have to appeal strongly to naturists to succeed; they cannot sit on the fence between naturism and glamour. Some naturists feel that the worthwhile editorial content in some magazines is not a fair balance for the disapproved-of photographic content.


title: Naturism

text: Although photographing others when they are nude in a public place may not violate their rights to privacy, individuals retain the personality rights to their own image in many countries. If so, recognizable photographs of any person cannot be published without permission.


title: Naturism

text: Some naturist clubs have been willing to allow filming by the media on their grounds, though content that proved not to be of genuine naturism can end up being parodied by the media.


title: Naturism

text: Some commercial 'naturist' DVDs are dominated by imagery of naked children. Such material can be marketed in ways that appear to appeal directly to pedophile inclinations, and ownership of these DVDs (and their earlier video cassette incarnations) has resulted in successful British prosecutions for possession of indecent images of children. One case was appealed, unsuccessfully, to the European Court of Human Rights.


title: Naturism

text: Photo shoots, including major high-profile works by Spencer Tunick, are done in public places including beaches.


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)I-dle (), stylized in all caps, is a South Korean girl group formed by Cube Entertainment in 2018. The group consists of five members: Miyeon, Minnie, Soyeon, Yuqi and Shuhua. Originally a sextet, Soojin left the lineup on August 14, 2021. (G)I-dle debuted on May 2, 2018, with the single "Latata" from their first extended play (EP) "I Am". They debuted in Japan under U-Cube with "Latata" on July 31, 2019.


title: (G)I-dle

text: After signing with Republic Records in the United States in 2020, the group released their third EP "I Trust", which made them only the fourth girl group to sell 100,000 copies of an album in its first week. Their 2020 single album "Dumdi Dumdi" became the second best-selling single album by a girl group of all time. Since their debut, (G)I-dle have released one studio album and six EPs, as well as singles such as "Latata", "Hann (Alone)", "Senorita", "Uh-Oh", "Lion", "Oh My God", "Dumdi Dumdi", "Hwaa", "Tomboy" and "Nxde".


title: (G)I-dle

text: Unlike most K-pop girl groups, (G)I-dle are directly involved in the creation of their music; in particular, Soyeon has helped write and produce a majority of the group's songs, and Minnie and Yuqi have also co-written numerous album tracks. (G)I-dle is considered one of the most successful South Korean girl groups from outside of the "big three" record labels.


title: (G)I-dle

text: In an interview with "The Star", group leader Soyeon revealed that the name "Idle" came to her when she was composing the "Idle Song". She suggested it to Cube Entertainment, and the name was finalized after undergoing internal competition. However, the name received mixed reactions in South Korea and internationally since "아이들" ("aideul") means "children", and "idle" in English refers to someone who avoids work. Accordingly, the group was renamed (G)I-dle, with the "I" standing for individuality, the hyphen showing that the name has been divided into two parts, and "Dle" ("deul") as the plural form of "I" in Korean to indicate a group of six different personalities gathering together. When the name is stated aloud, the "G" enclosed in parentheses is not included. Following their return as a quintet, on an episode of 1theK Original's IDDP released on the March 15, 2022, the group confirmed they would like to be referred to verbally as "I-dle".


title: (G)I-dle

text: Soyeon was a female trainee who represented Cube Entertainment in the survival show "Produce 101", peaking at 20th place on the final episode. However, she did not become a member of the winning girl group, I.O.I. Soyeon also competed in the third season of the rap competition reality show "Unpretty Rapstar", finishing as the second runner-up. She later debuted as a soloist, releasing two digital singles, "Jelly" and "Idle Song".


title: (G)I-dle

text: Miyeon previously trained under YG Entertainment between 2010 and 2015, leaving the company after unknown complications regarding her debut with Blackpink and attending a vocal academy. Before joining Cube Entertainment, she was a freelance singer and appeared as an associate singer with Lim Seul-ong in Urban Zakapa's Canada Tour in September 2016. In 2017, Miyeon had a small part in Lim Seul-ong's "You" music video.


title: (G)I-dle

text: Soojin was a former trainee under DN Entertainment in 2015. She trained as a member of the girl group Vividiva with the stage name N.NA but left before the group's debut.


title: (G)I-dle

text: Minnie featured in Line Friends' album "Dance Party", which was released in November 2017. In September 2017, Shuhua appeared alongside Yoo Seon-Ho in 10cm's "Pet" music video.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On April 5, 2018, Cube Entertainment revealed the name of their upcoming girl group, (G)I-dle. Before their debut, Cube unveiled the lineup to the public through Dingo Music's dance busking at Hongdae, Seoul. The busking performance video exceeded two million views on YouTube less than three weeks after its initial upload on April 15, 2018.


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)I-dle released their debut EP "I Am" on May 2, 2018, with "Latata" serving as lead single. The video for "Latata" exceeded 5.9 million views within the first week, and the EP debuted at number 13 on the Gaon Album Chart issued on May 10. "I Am" also debuted at number seven and peaked at number five on "Billboard" World Albums chart on May 9. One week after release, "Latata" debuted at number 35 on Gaon Digital Chart on May 17. (G)I-dle received their first-ever music show win on SBS MTV's "The Show" on May 22, twenty days after their debut. On June 5, they entered "Billboard" Social 50 Chart for the first time, charting at number 36. In June, a survey carried out between thirty-five participants in the South Korean music industry named (G)I-dle to the "Next Generation of K-pop" category with 39 points overall. On August 6, the group held a small concert and recorded a flash-mob performance of "Latata" in Times Square and Washington Square Park.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On August 14, (G)I-dle's first digital single "Hann (Alone)" was released. Within 24 hours, the music video surpassed 4.9 million views on YouTube. "Hann" topped domestic music charts including Bugs, Genie and Olleh Music on August 16 and peaked at number two on the "Billboard" World Digital Song Sales chart. (G)I-dle received their first music show win for the song on "Show Champion" on August 29. In September, the group made their first appearance at KCON in Thailand. In November 2018, Riot Games released the song "Pop/Stars" by a virtual girl group called K/DA, featuring vocals from Soyeon as Akali and Miyeon as Ahri alongside American singers Madison Beer and Jaira Burns. They performed the single at the "League of Legends" World Championship, and it reached number one on the "Billboard" World Digital Sales chart.


title: (G)I-dle

text: Throughout the rest of 2018, (G)I-dle won several rookie awards at major Korean year-end music award shows, including the Asia Artist Awards, Gaon Chart Music Awards, Genie Music Awards, Golden Disc Awards, Korea Popular Music Awards and Melon Music Awards.


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)I-dle released their second EP, "I Made", on February 26, 2019. The EP contains five songs, including the lead single "Senorita", written and composed by Soyeon and Big Sancho. On June 26, (G)I-dle released their second digital single, "Uh-Oh". The song ranked number 22 on NetEase Cloud Music China for the first half of 2019, making them the only K-pop group on the chart. In July, (G)I-dle held their first performance in the United States during the annual KCON convention and music festival at Javits Center, New York City. They later held a live showcase at the Mainabi Blitz Akasaka on July 23. The showcase sold over 1,000 tickets with 1,500 attendees. It was reported that around 15,000 people applied to attend, although many were unable to attend due to the venue's capacity. On July 31, (G)I-dle debuted in the Japanese market with the release of their EP "Latata". On August 19, they collaborated with makeup brand Kate to release a spin-off music video of "Latata (Japanese ver.)".


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)I-dle subsequently participated in a reality girl group survival show created by Mnet called "Queendom". In the first preliminary round, (G)I-dle finished in first place after performing "Latata" re-imagined with a concept of shamanism. The introduction of the performance, Minnie's Thai "enchantment", was well received and was widely discussed among both Korean and Thai fans. In the second preliminary round, (G)I-dle reinterpreted 2NE1's "Fire" but finished in last place. In September, it was reported that Cube Entertainment would partner with e2PR and Strategic Communications to establish a new promotion team to handle (G)I-dle's international public relations. That same month, the group held their first fan meeting, Welcome to the Neverland"," at the Yes24 Live Hall in Seoul. Tickets to the show sold out in two minutes.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On October 4, (G)I-dle performed as first-time headliner at the Spotify On Stage Jakarta. They were one of the six acts, including Rich Brian, Ateez, and others. On October 5, the group appeared on , a KBS reality television singing competition, the group's first appearance on the program. They performed a rendition of Koyote's "Sad Dream" as a part of the group's 20th anniversary. (G)I-dle performed "Put It Straight (Nightmare Version)" for "Queendom" Fan-dora's Box round. The stage performance reached one million views after fourteen hours of release, and (G)I-dle placed fourth in the round. On October 25, (G)I-dle released "Lion" as part of the EP "Queendom Final Comeback". By November 2019, the live performances of "Latata" and "Fire" surpassed 11 and 13 million views, respectively. (G)I-dle finished the show in third place. "Lion" became a sleeper hit, gaining popularity due to their stage concept and re-entering real-time charts of various music sites. A music video for the song was released on November 4, surpassing five million views in two days. "Lion" debuted at number 13 on the World Digital Song Sales and peaked at number five. Meanwhile, the single rose eighty-nine spots to number 19 on the Gaon Digital Chart and topped China's QQ Music Korean Song chart for two consecutive weeks. On December 21, 2019 (G)I-dle performed their hit singles at the 2020 Tainan Christmas & New Year Eve Party at Tainan City, Taiwan. Their segment was the most-viewed of the event, with an audience of 80,000 people.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On January 28, 2020 the group announced their first world tour , which would play in 32 different cities around the world. Later, it was announced their opening show in Bangkok and new album in mid-March were postponed due to the coronavirus outbreak to ensure the health and safety of the artists, fans, and staff. On January 31, the group appeared on "Two Yoo Project Sugar Man 3" to perform Minnie's composed and rearranged version of "Show", originally Kim Won-jun. On March 26, (G)I-dle was announced as part of the lineup of the 2020 Twitch Stream Aid, a 12-hour live-streamed charity concert aiming to raise money for COVID-19 relief, on March 28. They were the first female K-pop group to participate.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On April 6, the group released their third EP titled "I Trust" with "Oh My God" as its lead single. The album consists of five songs, including an English-language version of the title track. In conjunction with the release of "I Trust", (G)I-dle signed with Republic Records to help break into the American market. The album recorded over 91,311 pre-orders, making it their most pre-ordered EP, and became their highest-selling album, with 100,000 physical copies sold in three days. "I Trust" debuted atop the Gaon Album Chart, (G)I-dle's first number-one album in South Korea; achieved their highest-ever position on "Billboard" World Albums chart at number four; and set a record for a South Korean girl group by topping the iTunes Top Albums chart in 62 countries worldwide. The music video for "Oh My God" broke their personal views record, amassing 17 million views within its first day of release. It later received a nomination for Best K-Pop Video at the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards. The song also marked the first time the group appeared on the Scottish Singles Chart and charted at number 97, becoming only the third K-pop artist and the second female act to appear on the chart. (G)I-dle's live promotions for "Oh My God" won four music show awards, including their first grand slam public broadcast win on KBS's "Music Bank", SBS's "Inkigayo" and MBC's "Show! Music Core". On May 6, (G)I-dle entered "Rolling Stone" Top 25 Breakthrough chart as the only K-pop group to chart for the month of April at the top 20 spot with a unit growth of 3.3 million and over 5.5 million total on demand audio streams in the U.S.


title: (G)I-dle

text: In May, (G)I-dle released the official English version of their debut song "Latata" on May 15. On May 31, the group announced that they would be joining the 32-artist lineup at KCON:TACT 2020 Summer on June 23. The group was expected to release two albums in the second half of the year, including a digital single, according to an EBest Investment & Securities Co., Ltd researcher. (G)I-dle held I-Land: Who Am I as an online pay-per-view concert scheduled on July 5 instead of what would have been their first world tour. They performed songs from their debut album as well as "I'm the Trend", composed by Minnie and Yuqi, to a live audience of 11,000 real-time viewers. Subsequently, the group released the digital single, along with its music video on July 7 as a special present for their fans.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On August 3, (G)I-dle released their first single album "Dumdi Dumdi", with a lead single of the same name. With the release, "Dumdi Dumdi" ranked as the second best-selling girl group single album in history, with 94,587 initial sales. However, the song had a slow rise on the Gaon and "Billboard" charts. It debuted at numbers 27 and 15 on the Gaon Digital Chart and the US "Billboard" World Digital Song Sales chart and later peaked at numbers eight and 13, respectively. On iTunes, the song topped in 42 regions in the world. The music video for "Dumdi Dumdi" garnered over 17.6 million views in a single day, breaking their previous record with "Oh My God". The group ended promotions winning first place for two weeks in a row on "Show Champion", "M Countdown" and "Inkigayo", making "Dumdi Dumdi" the group's most-winning title track. On August 26, they made their first Japanese comeback with the release of their second extended play, "Oh My God", along with the Japanese versions of "Oh My God", "Uh-Oh", "Senorita", "Dumdi Dumdi" and an original Japanese track titled "Tung Tung (Empty)", composed by Minnie. On August 27, (G)I-dle resprised their roles as Akali and Ahri in K/DA for the song "The Baddest", featuring American singers Bea Miller and Wolftyla. It was also announced that they were to be featured on the title track "More" with the original lineup Beer and Burns, along with Chinese singer Lexie Liu, released on October 28. Both songs charted at number one on "Billboard" World Digital Song Sales and were included in K/DA's first EP "All Out".


title: (G)I-dle

text: In November, 2020 (G)I-dle held an online fan meeting, called GBC in the Neverland, through Global Interpark; "GBC" is the shortened title for "(G)I-dle Broadcast Club". At the end of the year, (G)I-dle's I-Land: Who Am I concert ranked at number eight for Interpark's Annual Concert in 2020 and the second highest selling online music concert behind Iz*One Online Concert "Oneiric Theater", which ranked fourth overall.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On January 11, 2021 the group released their fourth EP, "I Burn", with its lead single, "Hwaa". According to Hanteo Chart, "I Burn" debuted at number one on the daily album chart with 75,510 copies sold. The album also debuted atop the Gaon Retail Album Chart, with 59,086 copies sold. The music video for "Hwaa" reached 10 million YouTube views in 29 hours. Two days later, the album was reported to have charted on the iTunes Top Album charts in 51 countries, including the Netherlands, New Zealand, Canada, Russia, Brazil, Italy and Finland. For the first time since their debut in 2018, all songs from "I Burn" was charted on the Melon chart. "Hwaa" topped domestic charts and attained commercial success on "Billboard" charts, peaking at number five on K-pop Hot 100 and number eight on World Digital Songs. The song also topped on NetEase Music's real-time chart and weekly K-pop chart for two consecutive weeks after release. "Hwaa" also achieved 10 music show wins, the most since their debut in 2018; (G)I-dle was also awarded a triple crown for "Hwaa". On January 27, (G)I-dle released the official English and Chinese versions of "Hwaa". Songwriting credits for the Chinese version of "Hwaa" were given to Yuqi, the group's Chinese member. On February 5, (G)I-dle released a version of "Hwaa" remixed by Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, the band's first collaboration with foreign artists.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On March 4, it was announced that Soojin would go on hiatus following alleged bullying accusations from former classmates. On April 29, (G)I-dle released the song "Last Dance" alongside Universe. Due to Soojin's hiatus, Universe and Cube Entertainment redistributed her vocal parts amongst the remaining five active members in the group. The single peaked at number 142 on the Gaon Digital Chart and at number 16 on the Billboard World Digital Songs Sales chart. Yuqi became the second (G)I-dle member to debut as a soloist, with the release of her debut single album "A Page" on May 13. The album consists of two lead singles, "Giant" and "Bonnie and Clyde", with the concept of "A page of Yuqi's autobiography story and endless possibilities". On May 21, it was announced that Soyeon was in the final stages of preparing for her comeback, slated for a June release. She released her first solo EP "Windy" on July 5. On August 14, 2021, Cube Entertainment announced that Soojin departed from the group and that (G)I-dle would continue as five-member group thereafter.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On January 17, (G)I-dle performed as a five-member group for the first time as part of the Expo 2020 in Dubai on South Korea's country day.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On February 24, it was announced that (G)I-dle would return with their first studio album, "I Never Die", and its lead single "Tomboy" on March 14, their first release as a five-member group. The album's lead single "Tomboy" became the group's first chart-topper in South Korea on both the Gaon Digital Chart, the K-pop Hot 100 as well as South Korea's Billboard, where it remained for two, three and two consecutive weeks, respectively. On March 24, the group managed to achieve "Perfect All-Kills", where a song topped on the top 100 in several domestic music sites. Collectively, it spent 167 hourly becoming the second group to achieve PAK that year. Meanwhile, the B-side track "My Bag" became the group's highest charting b-side, peaking at twenty-two on the weekly Gaon Digital Chart, thirty-four on the K-pop Hot 100, and nine on South Korea's Billboard chart. That same month, the group released a remix version of the song "Tomboy" by Dutch-Moroccan DJ R3hab on May 20. A visualizer video for this remix was released to R3hab's YouTube channel on the same day.


title: (G)I-dle

text: Miyeon became the group's third soloist with the release of her first extended play, "My", on April 27.


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)Idle began their first world tour Just Me ( )I-dle starting in South Korea, the United States, Chile, Mexico, Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan and Singapore. The tickets to the show at Olympic Hall in Olympic Park, Seoul on June 18 and 19 was sold-out after the opening of pre-sale tickets. Cube then opened an additional Seoul concert schedule on June 17, and was also sold-out within three minutes. On June 29, we have added two world tours which are Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur. It was also confirmed that (G)I-dle would organise their group concert in Singapore on October 1, 2022.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On September 14, it was announced that (G)I-dle is scheduled to release their fifth Korean EP, "I Love", on October 17. The album was ranked No. 71 on the Billboard 200 musical charts.


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)I-dle have been praised for their musicality and ambiguity. According to industry specialists and marketing researchers, the group was noted to embody the spirit a group like 2NE1 once had, adapted to today's sensibilities.


title: (G)I-dle

text: The group has been recognized for being a "self-producing" idol group, breaking stereotypes of female idols. The youngest group to appear on "Queendom", the members were actively involved in conceptualizing their own music videos, jacket photoshoots, song arrangements, choreography, and outfits. Instead of appealing to the opposite sex with their femininity, (G)I-dle instead cultivated a fanbase, collectively referred to as "Neverland", backed by a high number of women and girls; around 70% of listeners of "Oh My God" on Melon were female.


title: (G)I-dle

text: Natalie Morin from Refinery29 described (G)I-dle as a group of individuals with different but complementary energies. She called them "bold and sensual", characteristics which she opined set them apart from other K-pop girl groups. "Mor.bo" complemented their sonic diversity and willingness to try different musical styles. "Elle" magazine named the group "independent musicians and artists", contrary to typical girl groups' concepts that work within a mould made by someone else. Idology describes the members of (G)I-dle as "good actors, which is something that idols need to be in order to express a variety of stories and emotions" with "a strong determination to show something different and benefited from being able to produce themselves". Chun Yoon-Hye of "HeraldPop" called (G)I-dle "a group filled with skills and confidence" who "engraved their presence by successfully expressing their exceptional concepts during "Queendom"" and "gone from super rookie to trending girl group". Choi Ji-sun, a pop music critic and author, discussed how the music industry limited idols, especially female ones, and named (G)I-dle and their performance of "Lion" on Mnet's "Queendom" as an example of change. Choi praised the song as a "rare case of calling a female wild beast" and stating that he enjoyed "Soyeon's leading creativity" and how they were "integrating the message and the stage". BBC World Service named the group as one of girl groups breaking gender stereotypes.


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)I-dle revealed that they deem Hyuna, then their labelmate and senior, as a role model in May 2018. Yuqi stated, "I grew up dreaming of becoming a singer after seeing Hyuna sunbae-nim. I want to become a sexy and cute singer like [her]. My mother played her music during preschool. That seems to have influenced me." Shuhua also noted, "Since I was young, I loved dancing with my friends. I want to stand on stage together." (G)I-dle also revealed that a group whom they respect and were influenced by them as an artist is the South Korean boy band BTS, "who helped and introduced so many people to so many artists — We would like to also strive for a similar path."


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)I-dle's songs have explored many genres, including various styles of moombahton ("Latata", "Hann (Alone)", and "Dumdi Dumdi"), Latin pop ("Senorita"), boom bap ("Uh-Oh"), and urban hip hop ("Oh My God"). In the idol industry saturated with songs with themes of love and farewell, the group's song "Lion" diverges from the characteristics of a typical girl group song with lyrics that compare one's dignity to that of a lion. On "I Trust", the group further experimented with elements of EDM trap, hip hop and urban music, with themes of self-love and self-trust. Taylor Glasby of MTV noted that (G)I-dle songs are "steeped in their very essence—a girl's complex, internal house of mirrors constantly being broken, assessed, understood, and remade, where one style or sound is never enough to reflect who they are." She praised the group's eclectic musical identity and how their lyrics "push back" and can be either "can be boring nonchalance or sharpening desire". Writing for "Herald Pop", Kim Na-yul stated that (G)I-dle's music can only be performed by them and that they made a good impression on the public. Melon's magazine described (G)I-dle's unique music as their "most powerful weapon." "Korea JoongAng Daily" journalist Yoo Seong-woon complimented the group for blending elements from different sources into a unique mix of concepts and creating something new and fresh for the K-pop idol scene. "Dumdi Dumdi" was praised as having carried the legacy of summer songs.


title: (G)I-dle

text: The group has also been praised for their stage presence; their Cleopatra-inspired stage at 2018 Melon Music Awards, their female-focused performance at the 2018 Mnet Asian Music Awards, and their emotional acting demonstration at Fan-dora's Box are often cited as examples of their range and abilities as performers. (G)I-dle's performance of "Lion" on "Queendom" featured a storyline narrated by Minnie, choreography in golden robes ornately decorated with a lion's mane, and an outro with a herd of lion dancers following (G)I-dle to six thrones. It was described as "world-class" and "legendary" and won the group several performance awards, including at Golden Disc Awards.


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)I-dle have been recognized for their brand recognition and marketing power, topping the "Girl Group Brand Power Ranking" published by the Korean Business Research Institute in June and September 2018 and peaking in brand reputation index in September 2018. They were dubbed the "monster rookie" of 2018, and "Billboard" ranked them at the top of its list as the best new K-pop acts of 2018. It was reported that Cube Entertainment's music sales in 2018 increased by 58% to ₩8.8 billion due to the popularity of (G)I-dle's "Latata" and "Hann (Alone)".


title: (G)I-dle

text: In 2019, (G)I-dle gained further recognition from the general public after appearing on "Queendom". The performance of their finale song "Lion" was considered one of K-pop's biggest moments of 2019 by CTV News and resulted in them topping the "Girl Group Brand Power Ranking" for two consecutive months in October and November 2019. "Rolling Stone India" included "Lion" in their list of the 10 best K-pop music videos of 2019 and named it the third-best K-pop Feminist Anthems Perfect for Women's Day as it "[symbolizes] the fierce leadership, fighter and survivor instincts exhibited by women." The song was considered by "Billboard" "one of the most visceral tracks of 2019" and topped the list of songs released in 2019.


title: (G)I-dle

text: In January 2020, (G)I-dle was voted one of the most anticipated artists in 2020 based on surveys of several Korean music agencies, broadcasting and program officials, composers and popular music critics. In February, the group achieved number one in ranking brand power with the most-interacted topics, "Lion", and world touring. According to Hyundai Motors Investment Firm, during the coronavirus pandemic, Cube Entertainment target shares increased by 36.67% due to (G)I-dle's growth with "Oh My God". On August 13, the label released a report of their earnings in the second quarter of the year; the sales in their record and broadcasting sectors rose by 349% (₩2 billion) from one year earlier as a result of "I Trust", which sold 151,108 copies, the success of their concert, and "Dumdi Dumdi" 98,587 sales. The same month, (G)I-dle surpassed 500 million streams on Spotify, becoming the first fourth-generation K-pop girl group to reach this mark. On August 26, it was reported that they were the first K-pop group to be interviewed by "Forbes China".


title: (G)I-dle

text: (G)I-dle has been named an influence by female artists such as Dal Shabet's Park Subin, former Wonder Girls' Yubin, STAYC's Yoon, and Pixy's Lola.


title: (G)I-dle

text: On April 22, 2020, (G)I-dle donated 30,000 bottles of hand sanitizer worth ₩100 million through Holt Children's Services for children and their families impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. For the release of "Dumdi Dumdi" in August 2020, (G)I-dle took part in Naver's Happybean Good Action event. Donations collected through the campaign were used to support psychological and mental health counseling treatment, snacks and nutritional kits for medical staff through Sports Doctors during the pandemic.


title: (G)I-dle

text: Seoul Metropolitan City appointed (G)I-dle as the city's goodwill ambassadors, alongside Yura, Park Jin-hee, and eight other nominees on December 6, 2018. The group held the title "City Ambassadors" for two years. At the tenth annual Children's Diabetes Celebration Festival held at Lotte World Underground Kingdom on June 8, 2019, in Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, they were named the new ambassadors for Korean Children's Diabetes Association.