title: Lilly Singh

text: In October 2022, it was announced that Singh would host CTV's new primetime quiz show titled "Battle of the Generations".


title: Lilly Singh

text: Singh has expressed her support for the George Floyd protests, and has attended one herself in Los Angeles. She was featured in a campaign fundraiser for the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign. Singh has also expressed her support for the 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest, in various social media posts.


title: Lilly Singh

text: In 2017, Lilly Singh was announced as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, to advocate for children's rights. She has led a campaign called "GirlLove", promoting girls to end girl-on-girl bullying. In July 2018, Lilly travelled to South Africa to meet the students of elementary schools who spoke against bullying and classroom violence.


title: Lilly Singh

text: Punjabi culture is frequently portrayed in her videos, which contain satires on people's complaints and prominent issues. Her most popular video is "Three Girls, One Elevator (ft. Zendaya & Winnie Harlow)" which also promotes her women's empowerment campaign GirlLove, and her most popular series features her fictional parents, Paramjeet and Manjeet, both played by Singh herself, reacting to trending and controversial videos. She also frequently collaborates with celebrities on her videos.


title: Lilly Singh

text: Singh has been accused of cultural appropriation of African-American culture by such publications as "The Huffington Post", "Bitch", "ColorLines", and "Vice". Anna Silman of "The Cut" accused Singh of appropriating both black and Indo-Caribbean culture on her channel because of her tendency to don a "blaccent", whilst making rap videos sporting chains and cornrows. Tayo Bero of "Teen Vogue" wrote that "[Singh] falls into a category of non-black people of color in entertainment who have built massive followings often by mimicking black culture and leaning heavily into black stereotypes." Rachna Raj Kaur and Radheyan Simonpillai of "Now" similarly criticized Singh's appropriation of black culture due to her use of braids, hip-hop slang and Caribbean accents. Singh has responded to the criticism, by stating her mannerisms are due to her upbringing, adding "all my friends from Scarborough [Toronto] act exactly like me."


title: Lilly Singh

text: Singh is an Indo-Canadian who developed a strong connection with her Punjabi heritage during visits to India. Although raised as a Sikh, she stated in an Instagram post that she does not follow any religion but she strongly believes in God. She struggled with depression and arachnophobia and began making YouTube videos as a way of dealing with her feelings. As a young adult, she lived with her parents in Markham, Ontario. In February 2019, Singh came out as bisexual via social media.


title: Jordan Poole

text: Jordan Anthony Poole (born June 19, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He attended Rufus King High School in Milwaukee and La Lumiere School in La Porte, Indiana. He was a 2016 first team All-Wisconsin selection as a junior and a member of the 2017 Dick's National High School Championship winner as a senior. Poole then played college basketball for the Michigan Wolverines. At Michigan, he was a member of the 2017–18 team that won the 2018 Big Ten tournament and advanced to that season's National Championship Game. He is known for making a game-winning buzzer beater three-point shot in the second round of the 2018 tournament, allowing Michigan to advance to the Sweet Sixteen round.


title: Jordan Poole

text: Nicknamed "Poole Party", Poole spent two seasons as a two-way player of the Warriors organization before becoming an integral part of the NBA team’s rotation starting in 2021. He led the NBA in free throw percentage for the 2021–22 NBA season and went on to win an NBA championship with the Warriors the same season.


title: Jordan Poole

text: As a freshman at Rufus King High School in Wisconsin, Poole once made a game-tying three-point shot in the closing seconds after coming off the bench. Poole visited Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Drake and Marquette as a blue chip high school basketball recruit. Then, he visited Michigan for the September 26 football game between the 2015 Wolverines and BYU, receiving an offer that weekend. He returned to campus on October 17 for the rivalry game against Michigan State. On October 23, 2015, four-star recruit Poole became the first commitment for the Class of 2017 after a home gym visit from head coach John Beilein and assistant coach LaVall Jordan and multiple Michigan campus visits. Poole had several competing offers including Illinois, Indiana, Nebraska, Memphis, Marquette, Virginia Tech and Auburn. At the time of his commitment, he was the 2nd-ranked overall prospect and the 1st-ranked shooting guard in the national class of 2017. As a junior, Poole was a 2016 WBCA All-State Boys Basketball first team selection.


title: Jordan Poole

text: On July 1, 2016, Poole announced that he would transfer from Rufus King to La Lumiere School in Indiana for his senior year, where he would experience a campus lifestyle, play a schedule with several ESPN broadcasts, and be teamed up with then-unsigned class of 2017 prospects Brian Bowen and Jeremiah Tilmon. By the time Poole signed his National Letter of Intent to play college basketball for Michigan as part of a three-scholarship player incoming class with Isaiah Livers and Eli Brooks on November 11, 2016, he was the 90th ranked overall prospect. Poole was a member of the 2017 Dick's National High School Champion La Lumiere team. In the Dick's National Championship game, Poole posted 13 points, 3 steals, 3 rebounds and 4 assists, and shot 3–7 on his three-point shots. The 13 points included a shot clock buzzer beater in the closing seconds of the third quarter. La Lumiere, which included 2017 McDonald's All-Americans Bowen and Jaren Jackson Jr., defeated perennial power Montverde Academy, who was led by Canadian sophomore R. J. Barrett. La Lumiere had lost the 2016 Dick National Championship game prior to Poole's arrival.


title: Jordan Poole

text: On December 2, Michigan defeated Indiana 69–55 in its 2017–18 Big Ten conference season opener with Poole leading the way with a team- and then career-high 19 points in his Big Ten debut. On January 15, Michigan defeated Maryland 68–67. After trailing by 14 points in the first half and 10 points at halftime, Michigan was trailing by 7 points in the second half when they made 7 consecutive three-point shots, including three by Poole whose 11 points made him one of only two double digit scorers for Michigan in the game. For the February 3 contest against Minnesota, the Maize Rage (Michigan's student section) held a "Poole party" in the stands, but Poole missed all four of his field goal attempts. Poole finished the regular season with three straight double digit scoring efforts, making 9 of 12 three-point shots against (#8 AP Poll/#9 Coaches Poll) Ohio State on February 18, Penn State on February 21, and Maryland on February 24. On March 4, a victory over (#8 AP Poll/#8 Coaches Poll) Purdue gave Michigan its second consecutive Big Ten tournament championship, even though Poole slumped during the 4-game run, missing all 9 of his three-point shots.


title: Jordan Poole

text: On March 17, 2018, Michigan defeated (#21 AP Poll/#19 Coaches Poll) Houston 64–63 in the second round of the 2018 NCAA tournament, following a game-winning buzzer beater three-point shot by Poole, giving Michigan its fourth Sweet 16 in six years. The shot was described as nearly identical to the buzzer beater he had made a year earlier in the Dick's National Championship game. Poole finished the game with 8 points and 2 rebounds, but his only field goal attempt in his four minutes of play in the second half was the game-winner. The play began with Michigan trailing by two points with 3.6 seconds remaining in the game and Isaiah Livers passing the ball from under the opposite basket to Muhammad-Ali Abdur-Rahkman near midcourt. After two dribbles Abdur-Rahkman threw the ball to Poole with 2 seconds left. The term "Poole party" was widely used in the press as a play on words to describe the celebration of Poole's heroic shot. In the March 31, 2018, national semifinal against Loyola–Chicago Poole had seven points, including the free throws that put the team the ahead for good after rallying back from a 10-point second half deficit. The team lost in the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game to (#2 Coaches Poll/#2 AP Poll) Villanova.


title: Jordan Poole

text: On November 17, 2018, Poole's career-high 22 points helped Michigan defeat George Washington 84–61. On November 28, Michigan defeated (#11/#13) North Carolina 84–67 in the ACC–Big Ten Challenge, as Poole contributed 18 points, including 5-for-8 three point shooting. On December 1, Michigan defeated (#19/#18) Purdue 76–57 in its Big Ten Conference season opener. Michigan was led by Poole with a game-high 21 points, including 5-for-5 from three-point range. On December 3, Poole was recognized as Big Ten Player of the Week for his performance against these two ranked teams. On December 8, Michigan defeated South Carolina 89–78. Michigan was led by Poole with a career-high 26 points. On December 30, Michigan defeated Binghamton 74–52. Poole posted 18 points, including a career-high six three-pointers. On January 13, the 2018–19 Wolverines team defeated Northwestern to establish a school record for best start at 17–0 and tied the school's record 17-game win streak. Following the season, he was a 2019 All-Big Ten honorable mention selection (coaches and media). On March 23, Michigan defeated Florida 64–49 in the second round of the 2019 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. Michigan was led by Poole with a game-high 19 points earning its third consecutive the Sweet 16 appearance and second consecutive one keyed by Poole. Following the season, on April 9, 2019, Poole (along with teammates Iggy Brazdeikis and Charles Matthews) declared for the 2019 NBA draft with the intention of hiring agents.


title: Jordan Poole

text: On June 20, 2019, Poole was drafted 28th overall in the first round of the 2019 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. His guaranteed contract was $6.2 million over three years. On July 11, the Warriors signed Poole to his rookie scale contract. In the Warriors opening game of the 2019–20 season on October 24, Poole made his debut in NBA, coming off from bench in a 122–141 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers with five points, two rebounds, two assists and a steal. On October 29, he made his first NBA start for the Warriors against the Pelicans scoring 13 points in the Warriors first win of the season. In December 2019, Poole was assigned to the Santa Cruz Warriors of the NBA G-League. In his first game there, he scored 23 points against the Stockton Kings. In his second game, he made five three pointers in a loss against the Texas Legends, scoring 31 points and posting five rebounds, four assists and three steals. In January 2020, Poole got called back to return to the Golden State Warriors lineup. On January 18, Poole scored a then career-high 21 points in a 109–95 win against the Orlando Magic.


title: Jordan Poole

text: Starting shooting guard Klay Thompson would miss the entire season for the 2020–21 Warriors. On March 4, 2021, Poole set a then career-high 26 points in a 120–98 loss to the Phoenix Suns. On May 14, Poole posted a career-high 38 points in a 125–122 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. The Warriors used several shooting guards during the season and closed the 2020–21 NBA season with Kent Bazemore, Mychal Mulder, Damion Lee, and Kelly Oubre Jr. all in the picture.


title: Jordan Poole

text: Poole beat out Otto Porter Jr. and Lee for the 2021–22 Warriors' starting shooting guard spot, while Thompson continued to recover. On November 21, 2021, Poole scored 33 points on a career-high 8 three-pointers made in a 119–104 win over the Toronto Raptors. With the return of Klay Thompson from injury to the starting line-up in January 2022 Poole began to play point guard in a three-guard system, alongside both Thompson and Steph Curry. With Curry sidelined late in the season, Poole scored 20 or more points in 18 of the final 20 games. 17 of those 20+ performances came in consecutive games. The 17-game 20+-point streak ended on April 7 against the Los Angeles Lakers on a night where Poole scored 19 points and set a career-high with 11 assists to contribute to a 128–112 victory. Poole (92.5%) edged out Curry (92.3%) as the NBA annual free throw percentage leader. It was the first time in 45 years that teammates finished in the top two positions. On the final day he went 4-for-4 to hold on to the lead, ending the season with 28 consecutive free throws made. Poole was not one of the three official finalists (Ja Morant, Darius Garland, and Dejounte Murray) for the NBA Most Improved Player Award, and finished fourth in the balloting (although he finished third in first place votes). On April 16, in Game 1 of the first round of the 2022 NBA playoffs, he started and scored 30 points in a 123–107 win over the Denver Nuggets. The game was Poole's first career postseason appearance. Two days later, in Game 2, he posted 29 points and eight assists in a 126–106 win. The Warriors would go on and win the NBA Finals against the Boston Celtics, awarding Poole his first NBA championship.


title: Jordan Poole

text: On October 5, 2022, during a team practice with the Warriors, Poole and teammate Draymond Green got into an altercation resulting in Green striking Poole. On October 9, Green publicly apologized for the incident and announced that he would spend a few days away from the team. On October 12, the NBA fined Green for the altercation as opposed to the suspected suspension. On October 15, 2022, Poole signed a four-year contract extension worth $140 million with the Warriors. On November 14, Poole scored a season-high 36 points on 13-of-20 shooting from the field in a 132–95 win over the San Antonio Spurs. On December 18, Poole scored a career-high 43 points in a 126–110 win over the Toronto Raptors.


title: Jordan Poole

text: Although criticized when entering the league for his lack of polish, Poole has developed into a dynamic and efficient scorer throughout his tenure with the Warriors. In addition to his shooting ability, Poole is a prolific finisher at the rim, frequently slashing to the basket using his ball-handling skills and speed while being a proficient mid-range shot creator. Poole's improvement in his all-around game has led to him becoming a capable passer, averaging a career-high 4.0 assists per game during his third season in a combo guard role. His combination of abilities has drawn comparisons to Warriors teammate Stephen Curry, with some basketball media writers calling him the "third Splash Brother".


title: Jordan Poole

text: Poole is the son of Monet and Anthony Poole. Poole has an older brother who attended Marquette. He also has a sister.


title: Saoirse-Monica Jackson

text: Saoirse-Monica Jackson (born November 1993) is an Irish actress, best known for portraying Erin Quinn on the Channel 4 sitcom "Derry Girls" between 2018 and 2022.


title: Saoirse-Monica Jackson

text: Jackson was born in Derry in November 1993. She split her time growing up in Derry and Greencastle, County Donegal, where her parents ran a village pub. After obtaining GCSEs and A-Levels at St Cecilia's College in Derry, she trained in acting at the Arden School of Theatre in Manchester.


title: Saoirse-Monica Jackson

text: Jackson's television debut came in 2016 when she landed the role of Sasha in Harlan Coben's "The Five", appearing in four episodes. In 2016, she also played Curley's wife in the Birmingham Repertory Theatre tour of John Steinbeck's "Of Mice and Men". She appeared briefly in the final episode of 2017 BBC One drama series "Broken". In 2018, she portrayed Shena Carney in a West End production of "The Ferryman" at the Gielgud Theatre.


title: Saoirse-Monica Jackson

text: Jackson made her debut as Erin Quinn in the Channel 4 sitcom "Derry Girls" in the show's first episode, airing on Channel 4 on 4 January 2018. Her performance was well received and, in turn, saw her nominated for the IFTA Gala Television Award for Best Female Performance. She portrayed the role for three series until the conclusion of the show in May 2022.


title: Saoirse-Monica Jackson

text: On 26 June 2020, she and her fellow "Derry Girls" co stars performed a sketch with Saoirse Ronan for the RTÉ fundraising special "RTÉ Does Comic Relief". All proceeds from the night went towards those affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Abigail Spencer

text: Abigail Leigh Spencer (born August 4, 1981) is an American actress. She began her career playing Rebecca Tyree on the ABC daytime television soap opera "All My Children" (1999–2001) before going on to star in the Lifetime crime drama series, "Angela's Eyes" (2006). She also had recurring roles on "Mad Men" (2009), "Hawthorne" (2009-2011), "Suits" (2011–2019), and "Grey's Anatomy" (2017–2022). From 2013 to 2016, Spencer starred as Amantha Holden in the SundanceTV drama series "Rectify", for which she received a nomination for a Critics' Choice Television Award. From 2016 to 2018, Spencer starred as history professor Lucy Preston in the NBC science-fiction series "Timeless". Spencer has appeared in numerous films, such as "In My Sleep" (2010), "Cowboys & Aliens" (2011), "This Means War" (2012), "Chasing Mavericks" (2012), "" (2013), "Oz the Great and Powerful" (2013), and "This Is Where I Leave You" (2014).


title: Abigail Spencer

text: Spencer was born and raised in Gulf Breeze, Santa Rosa County, Florida, the daughter of Lydia Ann Brown and surfer Yancy Spencer III (1950-2011). She has two brothers, Yancy Spencer IV (born 1973) and Sterling Spencer (born 1986). Spencer has claimed that she is part Cherokee.


title: Abigail Spencer

text: Spencer's first major acting role was playing Rebecca "Becca" Tyree on ABC soap opera "All My Children" from June 3, 1999, to April 10, 2001. She later starred in Lifetime Television original series "Angela's Eyes", which was cancelled on December 1, 2006. In the following years, she began playing guest roles on several television series, including "", "How I Met Your Mother", "Private Practice" and "Castle".


title: Abigail Spencer

text: Spencer played the role of a blogging enthusiast in Twix advertisements, and portrayed Miss Farrell, a love interest of Don Draper, on AMC's "Mad Men" in 2009. In early 2011, she landed the lead role on ABC drama pilot "Grace" by Krista Vernoff. Spencer had previously played the title character in another Krista Vernoff drama pilot, "Introducing Lennie Rose", in 2005. Spencer appeared in a recurring role as Dr. Erin Jameson on the TNT series "Hawthorne" in 2010, and since 2011 has had a recurring role as Dana "Scottie" Scott, Gabriel Macht's character's old rival, on the USA Network legal drama "Suits".


title: Abigail Spencer

text: Spencer has appeared in several films, including "In My Sleep" (2010), "Cowboys & Aliens" (2011), "This Means War" (2012), and "Chasing Mavericks" (2012), and she played the lead role in "" (2013). She appeared in fantasy adventure film "Oz the Great and Powerful", directed by Sam Raimi, in 2013.


title: Abigail Spencer

text: Spencer received critical acclaim for starring as Amantha Holden in the Sundance Channel original drama series "Rectify" (2013–2017). She was nominated for Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and Satellite Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for her performance in the series.


title: Abigail Spencer

text: Spencer played the lead role in the indie drama "A Beautiful Now", written by Daniela Amavia, about a passionate dancer who finds herself considering an extreme act when she reaches a crossroads in her life. She was nominated for a Madrid International Film Festival Award for Best Actress for her performance in film. In 2014, Spencer appeared opposite Jason Bateman in the comedy-drama film "This Is Where I Leave You", an ensemble comedy directed by Shawn Levy, and starred with John Travolta and Christopher Plummer in the crime thriller film "The Forger".


title: Abigail Spencer

text: In October 2014, Spencer joined the cast of the second season of HBO crime drama series, "True Detective".


title: Abigail Spencer

text: In 2016, Spencer was cast as lead character Lucy Preston in the NBC series "Timeless", where she plays a history professor sent on time travel missions to different eras in an effort to prevent others from disrupting the U.S.-related timestream. A review of the series in "Variety" called Spencer "prodigiously talented" and that she played "a character whose major personality traits are 'smart' and 'plucky.'" A review by "Deadline Hollywood" said that the show was a waste of Spencer's talents. "The New York Times" wrote that "Abigail Spencer is good as Lucy, the spunky historian who is the show's central character." "Timeless" was renewed by NBC on May 12, 2017. The network had canceled the series days earlier, but reversed the decision. The series ended after two seasons.


title: Abigail Spencer

text: Spencer married Andrew Pruett in 2004 and filed for divorce in February 2012, divorcing in 2013. She gave birth to their son, Roman Pruett, in 2008.


title: Abigail Spencer

text: Spencer first met actress Meghan Markle at an audition and the two later became co-stars on "Suits". She contributed to Markle's former blog, "The Tig". She was one of the guests at Markle’s wedding to Prince Harry at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle on May 19, 2018, and she also attended Markle's baby shower in February 2019.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Terminator Salvation is a 2009 American military science fiction action film directed by McG and written by John Brancato and Michael Ferris. It is the fourth installment of the "Terminator" franchise and serves as a sequel to "" (2003). This is the first and only Terminator film to date not to feature Arnold Schwarzenegger, though his likeness briefly appears digitally. Instead, it stars Christian Bale and Sam Worthington with Anton Yelchin, Moon Bloodgood, Bryce Dallas Howard, Common, Michael Ironside and Helena Bonham Carter in supporting roles. In a departure from the previous installments, "Salvation" is a post-apocalyptic film set in the year 2018. It focuses on the war between Skynet's machine network and humanity, as the remnants of the world's militaries have united to form the Resistance to fight against Skynet. Bale portrays John Connor, a Resistance fighter and central character, while Worthington portrays cyborg Marcus Wright. Yelchin plays a young Kyle Reese, a character first introduced in "The Terminator", and the film depicts the origins of the T-800 Terminator.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: After troubled pre-production, with The Halcyon Company acquiring the rights from Andrew G. Vajna and Mario Kassar, and several writers working on the screenplay, filming began in May 2008 in New Mexico, and ran for 77 days. "Terminator Salvation" was released on May 21, 2009, by Warner Bros. Pictures in North America and by Sony Pictures Releasing internationally, and grossed over $371 million worldwide and received mixed reviews.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: "Salvation" was intended to be the first installment of a second "Terminator" trilogy, but these plans were canceled following The Halcyon Company filing for bankruptcy after the film came out. The franchise rights were sold in 2012 to Annapurna Pictures, resulting in "Terminator Genisys" (a reboot of the series) being released in 2015 with Schwarzenegger returning.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In 2003, Dr. Serena Kogan of Cyberdyne Systems convinces death row inmate Marcus Wright to sign over his body for medical research following his execution. , the automated Skynet system is activated and becomes self-aware; perceiving humans as a threat to its existence, it starts a nuclear holocaust to eradicate them in the event known as "Judgment Day".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In 2018, John Connor orchestrates an attack on a Skynet base, where he discovers prisoners and schematics in a laboratory for incorporating living tissue into a new type of Terminator, which he recognizes as the T-800 model. John survives an explosion on the base, which is destroyed. Following John's departure, Marcus emerges from the base's wreckage and begins walking toward Los Angeles.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: John returns to the Resistance headquarters located aboard a nuclear submarine and is briefed by General Ashdown that the Resistance has discovered a hidden signal containing a code protocol that they believe can initiate a shutdown of Skynet's machines. The Resistance plans to launch an offensive against Skynet's headquarters in San Francisco. It is decided among the Resistance that the offensive will commence in four days, due to an intercepted kill list created by Skynet, which plans to kill the Resistance's leaders within the same time frame. John learns he is second on this list, following Kyle Reese. The Resistance leaders do not understand Kyle's importance, but John knows that Kyle will eventually travel back in time and become his father and realizes that Skynet has learned this.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Arriving at the ruins of Los Angeles, Marcus encounters Kyle and a mute child named Star during a skirmish with Skynet's machines. Kyle and Star are subsequently abducted and taken prisoner by Skynet. Two Resistance A-10 airplanes are shot down while trying to intercept a machine transport. Marcus locates downed pilot Blair Williams, and they make their way to John's base, where Marcus is wounded by a magnetic land mine. Attempting to save his life, the Resistance fighters discover that Marcus is a cyborg, with a cybernetic endoskeleton and a partially artificial cerebral cortex. Although Marcus insists that he is human, John and his wife Kate suspect that Marcus has been sent to execute them, and John orders him to be killed. Blair helps Marcus escape. During the pursuit, Marcus saves John's life from Skynet's hydrobots and the two make a bargain: Marcus will enter Skynet's headquarters in San Francisco to help John rescue Kyle and the other prisoners if he lets him live.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: John pleads with General Ashdown to delay the offensive so he can formulate a plan to extract the human captives, but Ashdown refuses and relieves John of his command. However, the Resistance disobeys Ashdown's orders and instead awaits John's signal. Marcus enters the base, interfaces with the computer, and disables perimeter defenses so that John can release the prisoners. Marcus learns from Skynet (which assumes the form of Dr. Kogan on a screen) that he was resurrected by it to lure John to the base; when the Resistance launches its attack, John will be killed, achieving Skynet's goal. The hidden signal that the Resistance received earlier is revealed to be a ruse, and Skynet uses it to track down and destroy the Resistance command submarine.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Refusing to accept his fate, Marcus tears out the hardware linking him to Skynet and leaves to aid John. John locates Kyle and Star, but they are ambushed by a T-800 Terminator. As Kyle and Star escape, Marcus appears and fights the T-800 while John rigs together nuclear fuel cells to destroy the facility. Marcus is soon outclassed in strength and temporarily disabled until John comes to his aid, after which John is stabbed through the chest by the T-800 from behind. Marcus destroys the T-800 by tearing its head off and he, John, Kyle, and Star are airlifted out. John detonates the explosives, destroying a stockpile of Skynet's weapons, including the T-800s, with the base.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: At a field hospital, John's injury is deemed terminal, so Marcus offers his heart for transplantation, sacrificing himself to save John. As he recovers, John radios to other Resistance fighters that, although this battle has been won, the war continues.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In 1999, two years after C2 Pictures purchased the rights, two "Terminator" films' premises were mapped out and were supposed to be developed simultaneously. Tedi Sarafian was hired to write "", which he eventually received shared story credit for, while David C. Wilson was to write "Terminator 4". Before any revisions were done, "T3" initially took place in 2001 and revolved around the first attacks between Skynet and humans. "T4" would follow immediately afterward and centered primarily on the war briefly seen in the first two films. Warner Bros. gave the film the codename "Project Angel".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Following the release of "Terminator 3" in 2003, producers Andrew G. Vajna and Mario Kassar contracted Nick Stahl and Claire Danes to return as John Connor and Kate Brewster in another film. Director Jonathan Mostow helped develop the script, written by John Brancato and Michael Ferris, and was set to begin production in 2005 after completing another film. It was known by then that Arnold Schwarzenegger's role would be limited, as he had assumed office as Governor of California. The producers sought to have Warner Bros. finance the picture as they did for "Terminator 3". In 2005, Stahl said John and Kate would be recast as the story jumped forward in time. By 2006, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (a successor to Orion Pictures and current owners of the Hemdale Film Corporation library, distributor and producer of the original film, respectively) was set to distribute the fourth film as part of the new CEO Harry Sloan's scheme to make the studio a viable Hollywood player.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: On May 9, 2007, it was announced that production rights to the "Terminator" series had passed from the feuding Vajna and Kassar to the Halcyon Company. The producers hoped to start a new trilogy. The purchase was financed with a loan by Pacificor, a hedge fund from Santa Monica. By July 19, the project was in legal limbo due to a lawsuit between MGM and Halcyon subsidiary T Asset. MGM had an exclusive window of 30 days to negotiate for distribution of the Terminator films. When negotiating for "Terminator 4", Halcyon rejected their initial proposal, and MGM suspended negotiations. After the 30 days were over, MGM claimed that the period during which negotiations were suspended did not count and their exclusive period was still open. Halcyon asked a court for an injunction allowing them to approach other distributors. Later, the lawsuit was settled and MGM got a 30-day right of first refusal to finance and distribute the fifth "Terminator" film.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Finally, Warner Bros. paid $60 million to acquire the United States distribution rights of "Terminator Salvation"; Sony Pictures also paid just over $100 million to acquire the film's distribution rights in all international territories (excluding South Korea, where it was distributed by Lotte Entertainment and Middle East, where it was distributed by Gulf Film).


title: Terminator Salvation

text: McG signed on to direct, as the first two films were among his favorites, and he had even cast Robert Patrick (who played the T-1000) in his previous films. Though he was initially unsure about "flogging a dead horse," he felt the post-apocalyptic setting allowed the film to be different enough so as not to be just an inferior sequel. The idea that events in "" and "Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines" altered the future allowed them to be flexible with their presentation of the futuristic world. McG met with the series' co-creator James Cameron, and, although he neither blessed nor denigrated the project, Cameron told the new director he had faced a similar challenge when following Ridley Scott's "Alien" with "Aliens". He maintained two elements of the previous films; that John is an outsider to the authorities, and someone of future importance is being protected, and in this film, it is Kyle Reese.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The first full screenplay for the film was written by "Terminator 3" writers John Brancato and Michael Ferris, who received full screenplay credit. Paul Haggis rewrote Brancato and Ferris's script, and Shawn Ryan made another revision three weeks before filming. Jonathan Nolan also wrote on set, which led to McG to say, "I would have to characterize Jonah as "the lead writer of the film."" In response to whether or not Nolan would receive a writing credit for his contribution, McG went on to say, "I don't know how the WGA rules work, but honest to goodness, we did the heaviest lifting with Jonah." Nolan contributed to the film after Bale signed on and created Connor's arc of becoming a leader. Unfortunately according to its main actor Christian Bale, due to the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, Nolan had to abruptly leave the project due to another commitment. Anthony E. Zuiker contributed to the script as well. So extensive were the rewrites that Alan Dean Foster decided to rewrite the entire novelization after submitting it to his publisher because the compiled shooting script was very different from the one he was given beforehand.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In the early script drafts, John was a secondary character. Producer James Middleton explained """ was influenced by Jesus Christ, but it was his story. Much in that way, this [new main] character will be influenced by John Connor."


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The original ending was to have John killed, and his image kept alive by the resistance by grafting his skin onto Marcus' cybernetic body. Marcus would have then murdered Kate, Barnes, Kyle, and Star. However, after the ending was leaked on the Internet, Warner Bros. decided to completely change the entire third act of the film. McG and Nolan did continue the Christ element of John's character though, in which he has some followers who believe what he knows about Skynet and others who do not.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: McG described the film's theme as "where you draw the line between machines and humans". The friendship between Marcus—who was executed (for murder) when humanity still ruled the world—and Kyle Reese illustrates how war and suffering can bring out the best in people, such as when they worked together to survive during the Blitz. The title was derived from this second chance given to humanity and to Marcus, in addition to John's efforts to save humanity from the machines. The film's original title was Terminator Salvation: The Future Begins, but this was dropped during filming.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Throughout writing, the cast and crew would watch scenes from the three films to pick moments to reference or tribute, including "Come with me if you want to live" and "I'll be back", which is uttered by John in this film. McG found himself having to decide which ideas for references would be included and which would not. An opening scene has John fighting a Terminator on a crashed helicopter, which was storyboarded as an homage to the climax of the original film, where his mother Sarah, having broken her leg, is chased by a crippled Terminator. McG did this to reflect the skills John learned from her.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: With an estimated $200 million budget, "Terminator Salvation" is the most expensive "Terminator" film to date, followed closely by "" (2019) (estimated budget $185-$196 million). The shooting of the film started on May 5, 2008, in New Mexico, with parts of the filming taking place at Kirtland Air Force Base, after the United States Air Force agreed to provide the crew guidance and aircraft. The filmmakers had originally intended to begin filming on March 15 in Budapest or Australia, but a 25 percent tax rebate and absence of an interest rate cap and floor made the filmmakers seek the cheaper New Mexico, because of their elevated budget. To avoid delays caused by a possible 2008 Screen Actors Guild strike in July, all exterior scenes were completed by then, so production could restart easily. The shoot ended on July 20, 2008, though some pick-ups took place in January 2009.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In addition to Bale breaking his hand and Worthington hurting his back, special effects technician Mike Menardis almost lost his leg filming an explosion. The sequence required a manhole cover being blown into the air, which hit Menardis and partially severed his leg. McG noted it was a testament to the gritty style of the film. "I say with respect, I didn't want that "Star Wars" experience of everything's a blue screen, tennis balls, and go for it. I had Stan Winston build all the machines. We built all the sets, the explosive power, the explosive power so you feel that wind and that percussion and that heat blowing your eyebrows off. And with that, you get a couple bumps and bruises on the way, but you get it in an integrity and a realism that hopefully echoes "Apocalypse Now". You couldn't say, 'Let's just shoot "Apocalypse Now" in Burbank, I think it's going to feel just as good.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The film used Technicolor's Oz process during post-production. This is a partial silver retention on the interpositive, similar to bleach bypass, which will be used to lend to the sense of detachment from the modern world McG was looking for. Industrial Light & Magic developed shader programs to make the desaturated lighting of the CGI realistic and well-integrated to the on-set footage. The filmmakers consulted with many scientists about the effects of an abandoned world and nuclear winter. McG cited "Mad Max 2", the original "Star Wars" trilogy and "Children of Men", as well as the novel "The Road", as his visual influences. He instructed his cast to read the latter as well as "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" Like "Children of Men", McG would storyboard scenes so that it would be edited together to resemble a seamless, continuous shot. It took two weeks to film a two-minute shot of Connor getting caught up in a bombing on the Skynet base where he discovers plans for the T-800.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: McG sought to create as many "in-camera" elements as possible to make the film more realistic. Many of the settings were hand-built, including an entire gas station for the Harvester attack scenes. The Terminator factory was built in an abandoned factory, and the design crew consulted robot manufacturer companies for a more realistic depiction. A model built and detonated by Kerner Optical was used for the explosion of Skynet's 30-story San Francisco-based lab.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The majority of the machines were designed by Martin Laing, a crew member on Cameron's "Titanic" and "Ghosts of the Abyss". McG described many of the machines as having an H. R. Giger influence. McG's intent was to create a gritty, tactile 2018 on screen, and Laing concurred the robots would have to be black and degraded as none of them are new. Laing devised Aerostats, which are smaller versions of the Aerial Hunter Killers from the previous films. The Aerostats send a signal to the humanoid Harvesters. They are very big and slow, so they use Mototerminators to capture humans, and the Harvesters place them in Transporters. Laing was unsure of how to design the Transporters until he saw a cattle transport while driving through Albuquerque.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The film features the first aquatic Skynet robot, the Hydrobot, which Laing modeled on eels, and was built by the animatronics crew with its exterior made of metal-looking rubber so it could be used in the aquatic scenes.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The film features rubber-skinned T-600 robots. McG interpreted Kyle Reese's description in the original film of the T-600 as being easy to spot by making them tall and bulky. For scenes of humans fighting with Terminators, the actors interacted with stuntmen wearing motion capture suits, later replaced by digital robots. For the Moto-Terminators, Ducati designers were hired to create the robots, and the on-screen robot was a combination of stuntmen driving actual Ducatis and a Moto-Terminator mock-up, as well as a digital Moto-Terminator. Visual effects studio Imaginary Forces created the Terminator point-of-view sequences, and tried to depict a simple interface, "free of the frills—anything that a machine would not purely need", and with more software bugs and anomalies since the robots of "Salvation" were not as advanced as the Terminators from the previous films.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The majority of the special effects were done by Industrial Light & Magic. "Salvation" was one of the last films that Stan Winston, the visual effects supervisor on the first three films, worked on. Winston died on June 15, 2008, after a long struggle with multiple myeloma. McG dedicated the film to him in the end credits. John Rosengrant and Charlie Gibson replaced Winston, and McG commented that they are "trying to achieve something that's never been done before" and "push the envelope". Asylum Visual Effects created digital plates, Marcus' endoskeleton, and a digital T-600. Rising Sun Pictures did the digital correction of day for night scenes, the destruction of the submarine and Marcus' robot hand.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Danny Elfman began composing the score in January 2009. Elfman's score had a different theme but it did feature the five notes which had been featured in every Terminator film used here & there in the score.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Beforehand, McG wanted to hire Gustavo Santaolalla to work on the music for the human characters, while having either Thom Yorke or Jonny Greenwood for Skynet's themes. He couldn't get Hans Zimmer but he did meet with the original "Terminator" composer Brad Fiedel but decided he did not want to repeated the sounds Fiedel achieved in his films. McG wanted Elfman to give those themes and ambient sounds a "Wagnerian quality".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Reprise Records released the soundtrack on May 19, 2009, which included 15 tracks. While Common had expressed interest in writing a song for the soundtrack, Alice in Chains' "Rooster" is the only featured song. Although not included in the soundtrack, "You Could Be Mine" by Guns N' Roses, which was featured in "Terminator 2: Judgment Day", can be heard briefly in a scene of the film as well.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: On July 16, 2008, Warner Bros. debuted the film's teaser trailer on Yahoo!, accompanied by a voiceover by Christian Bale's character of John Connor. On November 25, 2008, Sony Pictures unveiled a motion poster, showing a T-800 with the words: "Welcome to Los Angeles, 2018". In December 2008, the first theatrical trailer was released on the Apple website. In March 2009, the second trailer was released on Yahoo! Movies and was attached to "Watchmen", accompanied by a remix version of Nine Inch Nails' "The Day the World Went Away". On May 8, 2009, the extended four-minute final trailer was released on Apple.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In addition to the novelization by Alan Dean Foster, a prequel novel titled "Terminator Salvation: From the Ashes" by Timothy Zahn was released. Two further books were inspired by the film "Cold War" by Greg Cox and "Trial by Fire", again by Zahn. IDW Publishing released a four-issue prequel comic, as well as an adaptation. It follows Connor rallying together the resistance in 2017, as well as examining normal people overcoming their intolerances to defeat Skynet. Dark Horse Comics released a twelve-issue sequel comic to the film, titled "Terminator Salvation: The Final Battle" by J. Michael Straczynski from 2013 to 2014. Playmates Toys, Sideshow Collectibles, Hot Toys, Character Options, and DC Unlimited produced merchandise, while Chrysler, Sony, Pizza Hut, and 7-Eleven were among the product placement partners. On May 23, 2009, a named after the film opened at Six Flags Magic Mountain. In 2011, the ride was no longer licensed and renamed as "Apocalypse: The Ride".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: A third-person shooter video game of the same name was released on the same week of the release of the film. Christian Bale declined to lend his voice, so Gideon Emery voiced the character of John Connor. The game features the voices of Common and Moon Bloodgood as Barnes and Blair Williams, respectively. Despite not appearing in the film, Rose McGowan voiced the character of Angie Salter, an ex-high school teacher. The game is set in 2016, after the events of "Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines" and before the events of "Terminator Salvation". Another video game also titled "Terminator Salvation" was released in 2010 in the arcades. It's a light gun shooter developed by Play Mechanix and published by Raw Thrills.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: On May 18, 2009, Machinima released "", an animated prequel web series set before the video game, comprising six episodes. Set after Judgment Day, Blair Williams (again voiced by Bloodgood) is fighting the war against the machines in downtown Los Angeles while tracking down the computer hacker named Laz Howard (voiced by Cam Clarke) and trying to convince him to join sides with the resistance. The series was created using real-time computer animation from the video game. It was distributed by Warner Premiere, produced by Wonderland Sound and Vision and The Halcyon Company and was released on DVD on November 3, 2009.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The film was released in North America on May 21, 2009, with Warner Bros. setting the American premiere on May 14, 2009, at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood. Elsewhere, Sony Pictures Entertainment released the film in most overseas territories on different dates in June. One exception was Mexico, because of the swine flu outbreak in the country, which forced Sony to push the release date to July 31, 2009.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: It is rated PG-13 by the Motion Picture Association of America for "intense sequences of sci-fi violence, action, and language," unlike the first three films which are rated R. The decision to release the film with a PG-13 rating was met with much criticism from fans, as well as the media. The rating decision was made after McG cut out a shot of Marcus stabbing a thug with a screwdriver, as the director felt disallowing the young audience due to that one shot was unfair. He also deleted a topless scene for Moon Bloodgood because "It was a soft moment between a man and a woman that was designed to echo the Kelly McGillis/Harrison Ford moment in "Witness" [but] in the end, it felt more like a gratuitous moment of a girl taking her top off in an action picture, and I didn't want that to convolute the story or the characters." In September 2020 McG again mentioned that he had a darker cut of the film that might have worked better.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The producers had expected the rating because of the modern leniency toward violence in PG-13 films, such as the 2007 action film, "Live Free or Die Hard".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The DVD and Blu-ray Disc of the film was released on December 1, 2009. The DVD contains the theatrical cut of the film with a featurette on the Moto-Terminators. The Blu-ray features both the theatrical cut and the R-rated Director's cut, which is three minutes longer (118 minutes), with bonus material including Maximum Movie Mode, a video commentary in which director McG talks about the film while it plays, featurettes, a video archive, and a digital comic of the first issue of the official film prequel comic. Both versions include a digital copy of the theatrical cut for portable media players. Target Stores will be the only retailer to carry the Director's Cut on DVD. On its first week of retail, "Terminator Salvation" debuted at the top spot of the Blu-ray charts, and second in the DVD charts, behind "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian". The film made $29,811,432 in domestic DVD sales bringing its total gross to $401,439,971 In 2019, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the film in Ultra HD Blu-ray in Europe and Australia.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: The film's first nationwide U.S. screenings on Thursday, May 21, 2009, made $3 million from midnight screenings and earned $13.3 million in its first day and grossed an additional $42,558,390 on its four-day Memorial Day opening weekend from 3,530 theaters. It debuted at number two behind "", giving it a lower first-weekend take than its predecessor, becoming the first film in the series not to open at number one and failing to meet Boxoffice Magazine predictions by 50%. "Terminator Salvation" was more successful in its international release, opening at number one in 66 of 70 territories through the first week of June, and continuing to be the highest-grossing film in the following week. The film's total domestic gross was $125,322,469, along with $246,030,532 from overseas territories, for a worldwide gross of $371,353,001. As of December 2009, the film ranks 14th for the year internationally and 23rd domestically (U.S. and Canada), which puts it below initial expectations in terms of domestic gross and first weekend, as well as overall global take.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 33% based on 282 reviews, with an average rating of 5.10/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "With storytelling as robotic as the film's iconic villains, "Terminator Salvation" offers plenty of great effects but lacks the heart of the original films." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 49 out of 100, based on 46 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B+ on scale of A to F.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, saying that "After scrutinizing the film, I offer you my summary of the story: Guy dies, finds himself resurrected, meets others, fights. That lasts for almost two hours." Michael Rechtshaffen of "The Hollywood Reporter" wrote that the film isn't the same without Arnold Schwarzenegger and that it misses its dramatic element. Likewise, Claudia Puig of "USA Today" gave the film a 2/4 and called it "predictable" with the "dramatic elements flat-lin[ing]". She considered Christian Bale's performance "one-dimensional", but found his co-stars to "come off better", saying Sam Worthington had "a quiet intensity marred only by yelling "Nooooo!" three times in about 10 minutes" and that Anton Yelchin had "some of the best lines".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: "Total Film"s review gave the film 4/5 with its verdict: "The Terminator story recharges with a post-apocalyptic jolt of energy. Frantic and full of welcome ties to the past, it also ploughs new ground with purpose. Fingers crossed McG will follow Cameron's lead and serve up a worthy sequel." Devin Faraci of "Empire" also gave a positive rating of four out of five stars, saying: "McG has sparked a moribund franchise back to life, giving fans the post-apocalyptic action they've been craving since they first saw a metal foot crush a human skull two decades ago." However, on CHUD, the latter said, "Bale's desire to star as John Connor was probably the most fatal blow to the film; it completely distorted the shape of the story as it existed." Furthermore, he expressed that the third act was when the film began falling apart, saying, "McG and Nolan muddied the end of the picture, delivering action generics (yet another Terminator fight in a factory) while never finding their own hook that would give this movie more of an impact than you would get from an expanded universe novel." In contrast, James Berardinelli considered the ending the best part of the film, feeling that the first two-thirds were "rambling and disjointed" and that the lack of a central villain was only fixed when the T-800 appeared.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Betsy Sharkey of the "Los Angeles Times" stated that "[Bale's] strengths do not serve him, or the movie, as well here" and that "when the story starts to crumble around Bale, Worthington is there to pick up the pieces". Craig Sharp of FilmShaft gave the film 3/5, saying "If you're looking for action then this is one damn good film! If it's character depth you're after then move along please." A.O. Scott of "The New York Times" said the film has "a brute integrity lacking in some of the other seasonal franchise movies" and "efficient, reasonably swift storytelling". Ben Lyons and Ben Mankiewicz gave the film a "See It" and "Skip It", respectively, on their show "At the Movies" with the latter mentioning that it "is the worst big budget summer release I've seen in some time".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Arnold Schwarzenegger, star of the preceding three films in the series, initially remarked that "Terminator Salvation" was "a great film, I was very excited", but later reversed this position and said it was "...awful. It tried hard, not that they didn't try, the acting and everything. It missed the boat." "Terminator" series creator James Cameron considered it an "interesting film" that he "didn't hate as much as I thought I was going to" and praised Sam Worthington's performance but also said he would not return to the franchise: "[The series] has kind of run its course [...] frankly, the soup's already been pissed in by other film makers". He also felt his two films were better than either of the later films. Linda Hamilton, who portrayed Sarah Connor in "The Terminator" and "Terminator 2: Judgment Day" and lent her voice to "Terminator Salvation", wished the film "all the best" but expressed her opinion that the series "was perfect with two films. It was a complete circle, and it was enough in itself. But there will always be those who will try to milk the cow".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In "", Matthew Alford argued that with the fourth installment, "the franchise had made a clear shift towards supporting establishment narratives, despite its earlier reservations" and that a "central theme" is whether John Connor "should prioritise striking a decisive military blow against the machines or rescue some captured humans, who are entombed—with shades of Auschwitz—by the Terminators". "[T]he flashforwards from the first three Terminator films hinted at a horrible future scape of pain, deprivation and ad-hoc guerrilla warfare", he writes, but "in contrast, producer Jeffrey Silver explained that the Department of Defense gave 'fantastic cooperation [to Salvation] because they recognized that in the future portrayed in this film, the military will still be the men and women who protect us, no matter what may come'". Alford concludes that "for a world that is set just fifteen years after a global nuclear holocaust the survivors are fancifully healthy, not to mention hairy" and that this "normalises the unthinkable".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In 2020, following the critical and commercial failures of the two subsequent films, "Terminator Genisys" and "", MovieWeb reported that "Terminator Salvation" had developed a strong cult following, and that fans had begun petitioning for McG's R-rated director's cut to be released.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: During filming, Bale lost his temper with director of photography Shane Hurlbut for walking onto the set during an intense scene; he swore at and criticized Hurlbut before threatening to quit the film. Audio of Bale's rant leaked to the public and went viral. Bale apologized publicly and said he reconciled his differences with Hurlbut, stating that he dislikes it when takes are ruined, and that after the incident took place they continued to work together for a number of hours that day. A satirical dance remix song based on this incident titled, "Bale Out" was created by composer Lucian Piane.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In March 2009, producer Moritz Borman filed a lawsuit against the Halcyon Company, seeking $160 million. Borman, who had arranged the transfer of the "Terminator" rights to Halcyon in May 2007, claimed the company's two managers, Derek Anderson and Victor Kubicek, had "hijacked" the production and refused to give him his $2.5 million share of the production. Borman alleged budget overruns were the reasons Anderson and Kubicek did not pay him and that they had $1 million in debt. Nevertheless, an "amicable" resolution was reached a month later.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: Further complications occurred on May 20, 2009, when executive producer Peter D. Graves, who informed Anderson and Kubicek about the "Terminator" rights, filed a breach-of-contract claim for arbitration, alleging that they owe him $750,000.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: While "Terminator Salvation" was initially intended to begin a new trilogy, production of a fifth film was halted by legal trouble, as well as The Halcyon Company filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. While some anonymous sources insisted that "Terminator 5" would be moving forward, the majority of analysts predicted that its future was in jeopardy.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In late September 2009, it was announced that the rights to the franchise were once again up for sale as The Halcyon Company tried to pull itself out of bankruptcy.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In late October 2009, Halcyon announced it would auction off the rights to future "Terminator" material and was seeking $60–70 million, though the only offer made was by director Joss Whedon for $10,000. In December 2009, Halcyon issued a statement saying that they were looking at various options including sale and refinancing of the rights with an announcement on the outcome no later than February 1, 2010. On February 8, 2010, an auction was held to determine the owner of the "Terminator" rights. After studios Sony Pictures and Lionsgate bid separately, Pacificor, the hedge fund that pushed Halcyon into bankruptcy, made a deal for $29.5 million. Pacificor hired an agency to sell off the rights to the franchise.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: In August 2010, it was reported that a new "Terminator" film was being developed. The new film would not be a direct sequel to "Salvation", but rather an animated reboot of the original series. It would have been entitled "Terminator 3000" and would be shot by Hannover House. However, Pacificor, the owner of the rights to the "Terminator" franchise, had not given any official license to Hannover House to develop a new film.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: On February 16, 2011, it was announced that Universal Studios was considering a fifth "Terminator" film with Arnold Schwarzenegger returning as the star and with "Fast Five"s Justin Lin directing along with Chris Morgan as the screenwriter. The discussions for the film had been in the very early stages. On April 27, 2011, it was announced that a rights package to a "Terminator" film, to which Schwarzenegger, Lin, and producer Robert W. Cort were attached, but no screenwriter, had been circulating among the studios. Universal, Sony and Lionsgate, and CBS Films had been some of the interested companies. According to sources close to Schwarzenegger, he had only wanted to commit fully if a good script could be created.


title: Terminator Salvation

text: It was reported on May 13, 2011, that Megan Ellison and her production company Annapurna Pictures won the rights to make at least two more "Terminator" films, including "Terminator 5", in an auction deal that is rumored to have hit the $20 million mark. While Schwarzenegger was claimed to be up for a substantial role, the film would not be anchored by him; instead, a young male actor would take the lead. On December 4, 2012, a year and a half after negotiations were entered, the deal was finally closed. Ellison said that she and her brother David Ellison were "starting from scratch as they seek out a screenwriter to plot the end".


title: Terminator Salvation

text: "Terminator Genisys" is a reboot of the franchise, taking the premise of the original film in another direction while restarting the series from scratch. "Genisys" was intended to be the first of a trilogy, with Schwarzenegger reprising his role as the T-800. "Genisys" was released on July 1, 2015. Though the film received negative reviews from critics, it was a mild box office success overseas.


title: Burari deaths

text: The Burari deaths were a ritual mass suicide of eleven family members of the Chundawat family from Burari, Delhi, India, in 2018. Eleven people were found hanged, while the oldest family member, the grandmother, was strangled. The bodies were found on 1 July 2018; in the early morning after the death. The police have ruled the deaths were motivated by shared delusion or psychosis.


title: Burari deaths

text: The Chundawat family (also known as Bhatia family by neighbours) had been living in the two-storey house in Burari's Sant Nagar neighbourhood for around twenty years, after moving from their native town in Tohana, Haryana. The family ran a grocery shop and plywood business in the area. The family consisted of:


title: Burari deaths

text: father, Lalit became very introverted. One day, he told his family that he was possessed by his father's soul, who advised him the ways to attain a good life. Since 2007 he had been maintaining a diary on his father's "instructions".


title: Burari deaths

text: On the morning of 1 July 2018 around 7:15 am, the neighbour Gurcharan Singh, who used to go on morning walks with one of the deceased, went to the Chundawat residence after noticing Lalit Chundawat's absence for the morning walk, as well as the fact that the Chundawat's shops were still not opened (the shops usually opened between 5 and 5:30 am). Gurcharan Singh found the door of the house open and the ten people, including Lalit Chundawat, hanging. He raised an alert by calling other neighbours, and police received the call around 7:30am.


title: Burari deaths

text: Ten of the eleven people – two men, six women and two teens – were found hanging in the courtyard of the house. They were blindfolded and their mouths were taped. Some of the bodies had their hands and feet tied as well. Another woman, 80-year-old Narayani Devi was found dead in another room. It appeared that she had been strangled.


title: Burari deaths

text: Members of the family were found hanging from a mesh in their ceiling in the hallway, all close together. Their faces were wrapped almost entirely, ears plugged with cotton, mouths taped and hands tied behind the back. There were five stools, probably shared by the 10 members. Their faces were covered with cloth pieces cut from a single bed-sheet.


title: Burari deaths

text: Tommy, the pet dog of the family, was the only survivor in the house. He was chained on the terrace and had a high fever when the police found him after discovering the 11 bodies. It was not clear who had tied him. He was later said to have been convalescing at Noida's House of Stray Animals, where he was taken immediately after being rescued.


title: Burari deaths

text: Evidence found in the house pointed to mass suicide for occult reasons, and Post-mortem examination of the bodies found no signs of struggle. Nevertheless, due to the public nature of the case, pressure from hardline groups, and accusations of coverup from relatives, Police initially recorded the case as a murder and investigated the possibility of a murder motivated by non-occult reasons.


title: Burari deaths

text: Police found 11 diaries in the house, all of them maintained for the period of eleven years. Joint Commissioner of Police (Crime) Alok Kumar stated: "We have found handwritten notes detailing how hands and legs are to be tied and are quite similar to the manner in which the bodies of 10 persons were found. They are exhaustive notes and we are studying them." Details written in the diaries match how the bodies were found with their faces covered, mouths taped, and cotton balls in ears. The bodies were discovered hanged in batches of three, which is what the diaries also state. The diary stated that the "Bebe" (elderly woman) could not stand and hence should be laying on the bed, which was consistent with the discovery of her being found strangled on the bed. The diary also mentions: "everyone will tie their own hands and when the kriya (ritual) is done then everyone will help each other untie their hands", indicating that the family was not expecting to die.


title: Burari deaths

text: Handwriting analysis revealed that these diaries were written by Priyanka (daughter of Pratibha) and Nitu (elder daughter of Bhuvnesh), but were supposedly dictated to Lalit by his late father's spirit. Lalit is believed to have masterminded the incident. The crime branch believes that Lalit and his wife Tina were responsible for tying the hands and legs of the family members. Lalit had told the family members that the soul of the husband of Narayani Devi had entered his body in order to get the family to follow him.


title: Burari deaths

text: According to psychologists, these sequence of events can be caused by 'shared psychotic disorder' because of which the members blindly follow the instructions of one among them. They propose that Lalit had a 'delusional disorder’. However, their elder brother, who stays in Rajasthan, believes that this was a well planned murder and not a suicide. Stating that if this whole thing was done by Lalit and his wife then their hands should be opened instead of tied.


title: Burari deaths

text: The 845th episode of the Indian crime television show called "Crime Patrol" is based on the Burari deaths.


title: Burari deaths

text: Three-part true crime docu-series titled "" is based on the case. Created by Leena Yadav and Anubhav Chopra, the series premiered on Netflix on 8 October 2021.


title: Cum Town

text: Cum Town is a comedy podcast that was hosted by New York City-based comedians Nick Mullen, Stavros Halkias, and Adam Friedland, and produced between 2016 and 2022. During its run, it was consistently one of the most popular podcasts on Patreon and concluded as one of the top 25 comedy podcasts on Spotify and Apple Podcasts. In July 2022, it was succeeded by Mullen and Friedland's spin-off podcast "The Adam Friedland Show".


title: Cum Town

text: In 2016, "Cum Town" was created by Mullen, the primary host and producer of the show. Halkias was the first co-host; Friedland became a second co-host, starting as a frequent guest and first appearing in the show's second episode.


title: Cum Town

text: The podcast concluded in June 2022 after months of the hosts suggesting its end as well as their renewed interest in stand-up comedy, particularly Halkias, who released his debut comedy special that month. On June 25, 2022, Halkias announced that he was no longer part of "Cum Town". Subsequently, Mullen and Friedland revealed their plan for a spin-off podcast—"The Adam Friedland Show—"to be hosted by Friedland and produced by Mullen.


title: Cum Town

text: "Cum Town" episodes are typically 60 minutes long and improvised. Featured guests include Tim Dillon, David Cross, Bam Margera, Dan Soder, Bonnie McFarlane, Jim Norton, Kurt Metzger, Brandon Wardell, and Dasha Nekrasova.


title: Cum Town

text: Many of the show's riffs come from crude puns and rhymes—for example, "Louis SeemsGay" for Louis C.K.—and involved sexually explicit scenarios or ethnic and racial stereotypes. Conversations generally centered on the hosts' personal lives, the news, the worlds of stand-up comedy and social media, and pop culture history. Friedland often served as the butt of Mullen's and Halkias's jokes and insults.


title: Cum Town

text: Mullen does many celebrity impressions, including Donald Trump, Barack Obama, Tucker Carlson, Michael Douglas, Dennis Hopper, E. Jean Carroll, Dwayne Johnson, Joe Biden, Andrew Cuomo, Patrick Warburton, Rip Torn, Gene Hackman, Jon Hamm, Norm MacDonald, Joe List, Mark Normand, Jason Statham, Ice-T, Dave Portnoy, and Homer Simpson, with some episodes of the show featuring him trying to perfect a new impression on-air.


title: Cum Town

text: Weekly free episodes of the show were available via Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and Audible, among other services. Subscribers who contributed at least $5 per month via Patreon gain access to additional weekly premium bonus episodes. During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the show was conducted via Zoom; episodes were broadcast live via YouTube.


title: Cum Town

text: As of June 2022, "Cum Town" was the 10th-most popular podcast on Patreon and the 12th-most popular creator on the platform overall; with more than 20,000 paying members, it had around $100,000 in monthly earnings. It was the number one podcast on the platform for most of 2017 and 2018. On Apple Podcasts, it was the 17th-most popular comedy podcast in the U.S. and 126th overall.


title: Cum Town

text: Nick Mullen (born December 13, 1988) is a stand-up comedian, comedy writer, and podcaster. Much of his comedy is ironic, observational and self-deprecating, and focuses on internet culture.


title: Cum Town

text: A nationally touring stand-up, Mullen earned recognition in the early 2010s; he was a two-time finalist for the Funniest Person in Austin contest (2010 and 2011), was selected as part of Montreal's "Just for Laughs" festival New Faces program in 2012, and was a finalist for New York's Funniest Stand-Up at the 2015 New York Comedy Festival. After a break, he resumed performing in 2022.


title: Cum Town

text: Mullen's writing credits include "Comedy Knockout" on TruTV (premiered 2016), "Make Me Understand with Jim Norton" (2016 IFC television pilot), 2017's "Problematic with Moshe Kasher" (Comedy Central), and Sacha Baron Cohen's "Who Is America".


title: Cum Town

text: Stavros Halkias (born February 11, 1989) is a stand-up comedian and podcaster. Active since the early 2010s, he is based in New York City and tours nationally. He released his debut comedy special "Live At The Lodge Room" in June 2022.


title: Cum Town

text: Halkias was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland, to Greek immigrant parents. He began performing comedy while attending the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. In 2012, he was named Baltimore's New Comedian of the Year. He has written and performed on Adult Swim, IFC, MSG Network's "People Talking Sports and Other Stuff", and Comedy Central series including "Comedy Central Stand Up Featuring". Since 2019, he has co-hosted the basketball podcast "Pod Don't Lie" with Sam Morril.


title: Cum Town

text: Born to South African Lithuanian-Jewish immigrant parents, he primarily grew up in Las Vegas. Friedland got his start in the Washington, D.C. comedy scene by running and hosting comedy shows at the DIY venue Subterranean A; he gained local notability in the local comedy scene for his "alternative" performance piece-oriented comedy. He performed at the Bentzen Ball in 2013 and 2014 and was named to the annual "Best of D.C." list by the "Washington City Paper". He moved to New York City in 2014. Outside of "Cum Town", he is best known as the host of the live alternative comedy show "Funny Moms"; the show began in Washington in 2012 with co-host Sara Starmour and moved to Brooklyn in 2015.


title: Cum Town

text: "Cum Town" is often associated with the dirtbag left, though it is not expressly political. A February 2020 "New York Times" article described "Cum Town" (by allusion, citing its "unprintable name") as "bards of the new American left", alongside podcasts "Chapo Trap House" and "Red Scare". Several "Chapo" hosts, including Amber A'Lee Frost, Will Menaker, and Felix Biederman have appeared on "Cum Town"; Mullen, Halkias, and Friedland have made multiple appearances on "Chapo".


title: Cum Town

text: Though the hosts occasionally discuss their responses to current events and politics—with all three expressing support for 2020 presidential candidate Bernie Sanders—they deny any specific political agenda. In May 2017, Friedland tweeted, "Cum town is not a socialist podcast it's not a fascist podcast it's a podcast about being gay with your dad."


title: Cum Town

text: In July 2021, the hosts disagreed with Andrew Marantz's characterization of the podcast as a "flagship product of the dirtbag left" in a "New Yorker" article. Halkias instead suggested that its motivating force was not political but financial. The hosts initially believed the podcast would be unsuccessful, "and people are stupid enough to give us money, and we are trapped doing [the podcast]".


title: Cum Town

text: In association with their dirtbag left peers, the podcast and its hosts have been criticized for their use of ironic offensiveness. Critical bloggers have argued that the hosts' use of slurs and edgy jokes, particularly Mullen's, perpetuates harassment and continually crosses the line into actual hatred and contempt. Others have countered that offensiveness is subjective.


title: Cum Town

text: Some online commentators have made a distinction between the podcast and their listeners, critiquing the show's fan base as opposed to the hosts, or critiquing both in tandem. In 2020, the podcast's subreddit (which was not moderated or endorsed by the hosts) was removed from Reddit due to the platform's new policies on hate speech.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The Fourth Industrial Revolution, 4IR, or Industry 4.0, conceptualizes rapid change to technology, industries, and societal patterns and processes in the 21st century due to increasing interconnectivity and smart automation. The term has been used widely in scientific literature, and in 2015 was popularized by Klaus Schwab, the World Economic Forum Founder and Executive chairman. Schwab asserts that the changes seen are more than just improvements to efficiency, but express a significant shift in industrial capitalism.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: A part of this phase of industrial change is the joining of technologies like artificial intelligence, gene editing, to advanced robotics that blur the lines between the physical, digital, and biological worlds.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Throughout this, fundamental shifts are taking place in how the global production and supply network operates through ongoing automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial practices, using modern smart technology, large-scale machine-to-machine communication (M2M), and the internet of things (IoT). This integration results in increasing automation, improving communication and self-monitoring, and the use of smart machines that can analyze and diagnose issues without the need for human intervention.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: It also represents a social, political, and economic shift from the digital age of the late 1990s and early 2000s to an era of embedded connectivity distinguished by the omni-use and commonness of technological use throughout society (e.g. a metaverse) that changes the ways humans experience and know the world around them. It posits that we have created and are entering an augmented social reality compared to just the natural senses and industrial ability of humans alone.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The phrase "Fourth Industrial Revolution" was first introduced by a team of scientists developing a high-tech strategy for the German government. Klaus Schwab, executive chairman of the World Economic Forum (WEF), introduced the phrase to a wider audience in a 2015 article published by "Foreign Affairs". "Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution" was the 2016 theme of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, in Davos-Klosters, Switzerland.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: On 10 October 2016, the Forum announced the opening of its Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in San Francisco. This was also subject and title of Schwab's 2016 book. Schwab includes in this fourth era technologies that combine hardware, software, and biology (cyber-physical systems), and emphasizes advances in communication and connectivity. Schwab expects this era to be marked by breakthroughs in emerging technologies in fields such as robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, biotechnology, the internet of things, the industrial internet of things, decentralized consensus, fifth-generation wireless technologies, 3D printing, and fully autonomous vehicles.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: In "The Great Reset" proposal by the WEF, "The Fourth Industrial Revolution" is included as a strategic intelligence in the solution to rebuild the economy sustainably following the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The First Industrial Revolution was marked by a transition from hand production methods to machines through the use of steam power and water power. The implementation of new technologies took a long time, so the period which this refers to was between 1760 and 1820, or 1840 in Europe and the United States. Its effects had consequences on textile manufacturing, which was first to adopt such changes, as well as iron industry, agriculture, and mining although it also had societal effects with an ever stronger middle class.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, is the period between 1871 and 1914 that resulted from installations of extensive railroad and telegraph networks, which allowed for faster transfer of people and ideas, as well as electricity. Increasing electrification allowed for factories to develop the modern production line. It was a period of great economic growth, with an increase in productivity, which also caused a surge in unemployment since many factory workers were replaced by machines.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The Third Industrial Revolution, also known as the Digital Revolution, occurred in the late 20th century, after the end of the two world wars, resulting from a slowdown of industrialization and technological advancement compared to previous periods. The production of the Z1 computer, which used binary floating-point numbers and Boolean logic, a decade later, was the beginning of more advanced digital developments. The next significant development in communication technologies was the supercomputer, with extensive use of computer and communication technologies in the production process; machinery began to abrogate the need for human power.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: In essence, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the trend towards automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes which include cyber-physical systems (CPS), IoT, industrial internet of things, cloud computing, cognitive computing, and artificial intelligence.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The machines cannot replace the deep expertise but they tend to be more efficient than humans in performing repetitive functions, and the combination of machine learning and computational power allows machines to carry out highly complicated tasks.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has been defined as technological developments in cyber-physical systems such as high capacity connectivity; new human-machine interaction modes such as touch interfaces and virtual reality systems; and improvements in transferring digital instructions to the physical world including robotics and 3D printing (additive manufacturing); the Internet of Things (IoT); “big data” and cloud computing; artificial intelligence-based systems; improvements to and uptake of Off-Grid / Stand-Alone Renewable Energy Systems: solar, wind, wave, hydroelectric and the electric batteries (lithium-ion renewable energy storage systems (ESS) and EV).


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Proponents of the Fourth Industrial Revolution suggest it is a distinct revolution rather than simply a prolongation of the Third Industrial Revolution. This is due to the following characteristics:


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Critics of the concept dismiss Industry 4.0 as a marketing strategy. They suggest that although revolutionary changes are identifiable in distinct sectors, there is no systemic change so far. In addition, the pace of recognition of Industry 4.0 and policy transition varies across countries; the definition of Industry 4.0 is not harmonized. One of the most known figures is Jeremy Rifkin who "agree[s] that digitalization is the hallmark and defining technology in what has become known as the Third Industrial Revolution". However, he argues that "that the evolution of digitalization has barely begun to run its course and that its new configuration in the form of the Internet of Things represents the next stage of its development".


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Mainly these technologies can be summarized into four major components, defining the term "Industry 4.0" or "smart factory":


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Industry 4.0 networks a wide range of new technologies to create value. Using cyber-physical systems that monitor physical processes, a virtual copy of the physical world can be designed. Characteristics of cyber-physical systems include the ability to make decentralized decisions independently, reaching a high degree of autonomy.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The value created in Industry 4.0, can be relied upon electronic identification, in which the smart manufacturing require set technologies to be incorporated in the manufacturing process to thus be classified as in the development path of Industry 4.0 and no longer digitisation.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Industry 4.0 integrates processes vertically, across the entire organization, including processes in product development, manufacturing, structuring, and service; horizontally, Industry 4.0 includes internal operations from suppliers to customers as well as all key value chain partners.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Integrating new methods of data collection and analysis–such as through the expansion of existing products or creation of new digitized products–helps companies to generate data on product use to refine products


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Customer satisfaction is a perpetual, multi-stage process that requires modification in real-time to adapt to the changing needs of consumers


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Smart Factory is the vision of a production environment in which production facilities and logistics systems are organized without human intervention.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The Smart Factory is no longer a vision. While different model factories represent the feasible, many enterprises already clarify with examples practically, how the Smart Factory functions.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The technical foundations on which the Smart Factory – the intelligent factory – is based are cyber-physical systems that communicate with each other using the Internet of Things and Services. An important part of this process is the exchange of data between the product and the production line. This enables a much more efficient connection of the Supply Chain and better organisation within any production environment.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The Fourth Industrial Revolution fosters what has been called a "smart factory". Within modular structured smart factories, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralized decisions. Over the internet of things, cyber-physical systems communicate and cooperate with each other and with humans in synchronic time both internally and across organizational services offered and used by participants of the value chain.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Industry 4.0 can also provide predictive maintenance, due to the use of technology and the IoT sensors. Predictive maintenance – which can identify maintenance issues in live – allows machine owners to perform cost-effective maintenance and determine it ahead of time before the machinery fails or gets damaged.  For example, a company in Los Angeles could understand if a piece of equipment in Singapore is running at an abnormal speed or temperature. They could then decide whether or not it needs to be repaired.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The Fourth Industrial Revolution is said to have extensive dependency on 3D printing technology.  Some advantages of 3D printing for industry are that 3D printing can print many geometric structures, as well as simplify the product design process. It is also relatively environmentally friendly. In low-volume production, it can also decrease lead times and total production costs. Moreover, it can increase flexibility, reduce warehousing costs and help the company towards the adoption of a mass customization business strategy. In addition, 3D printing can be very useful for printing spare parts and installing it locally, therefore reducing supplier dependence and reducing the supply lead time.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The determining factor is the pace of change. The correlation of the speed of technological development and, as a result, socio-economic and infrastructural transformations with human life allows one to state a qualitative leap in the speed of development, which marks a transition to a new time era.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Sensors and instrumentation drive the central forces of innovation, not only for Industry 4.0 but also for other "smart" megatrends, such as smart production, smart mobility, smart homes, smart cities, and smart factories.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Smart sensors are devices, which generate the data and allow further functionality from self-monitoring and self-configuration to condition monitoring of complex processes.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: With the capability of wireless communication, they reduce installation effort to a great extent and help realize a dense array of sensors.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The importance of sensors, measurement science, and smart evaluation for Industry 4.0 has been recognized and acknowledged by various experts and has already led to the statement "Industry 4.0: nothing goes without sensor systems."


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: However, there are a few issues, such as time synchronization error, data loss, and dealing with large amounts of harvested data, which all limit the implementation of full-fledged systems. Moreover, additional limits on these functionalities represents the battery power. One example of the integration of smart sensors in the electronic devices, is the case of smart watches, where sensors receive the data from the movement of the user, process the data and as a result, provide the user with the information about how many steps they have walked in a day and also converts the data into calories burned.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Smart sensors in these two fields are still in the testing stage. These innovative connected sensors collect, interpret and communicate the information available in the plots (leaf area, vegetation index, chlorophyll, hygrometry, temperature, water potential, radiation). Based on this scientific data, the objective is to enable real-time monitoring via a smartphone with a range of advice that optimizes plot management in terms of results, time and costs. On the farm, these sensors can be used to detect crop stages and recommend inputs and treatments at the right time. As well as controlling the level of irrigation.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The food industry requires more and more security and transparency and full documentation is required. This new technology is used as a tracking system as well as the collection of human data and product data.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Knowledge economy is an economic system in which production and services are largely based on knowledge-intensive activities that contribute to an accelerated pace of technical and scientific advance, as well as rapid obsolescence. Industry 4.0 aids transitions into knowledge economy by increasing reliance on intellectual capabilities than on physical inputs or natural resources.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Many countries have set up institutional mechanisms to foster the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. For example,


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Australia has a Digital Transformation Agency (est. 2015) and the Prime Minister's Industry 4.0 Taskforce (est. 2016), which promotes collaboration with industry groups in Germany and the USA.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The term "Industrie 4.0", shortened to I4.0 or simply I4, originated in 2011 from a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government and specifically relates to that project policy, rather than a wider notion of a Fourth Industrial Revolution of 4IR. which promotes the computerization of manufacturing. The term "Industrie 4.0" was publicly introduced in the same year at the Hannover Fair. Renowned German professor Wolfgang Wahlster is sometimes called the inventor of the "Industry 4.0" term. In October 2012, the Working Group on Industry 4.0 presented a set of Industry 4.0 implementation recommendations to the German federal government. The workgroup members and partners are recognized as the founding fathers and driving force behind Industry 4.0. On 8 April 2013 at the Hannover Fair, the final report of the Working Group Industry 4.0 was presented. This working group was headed by Siegfried Dais, of Robert Bosch GmbH, and Henning Kagermann, of the German Academy of Science and Engineering.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: As Industry 4.0 principles have been applied by companies, they have sometimes been rebranded. For example, the aerospace parts manufacturer Meggitt PLC has branded its own Industry 4.0 research project M4.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The discussion of how the shift to Industry 4.0, especially digitization, will affect the labour market is being discussed in Germany under the topic of Work 4.0.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The federal government in Germany through its ministries of the BMBF and BMWi, is a leader in the development of the I4.0 policy. Through the publishing of set objectives and goals for enterprises to achieve, the German federal government attempts to set the direction of the digital transformation. However, there is a gap between German enterprise's collaboration and knowledge of these set policies. The biggest challenge which SMEs in Germany are currently facing regarding digital transformation of their manufacturing processes is ensuring that there is a concrete IT and application landscape to support further digital transformation efforts.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The characteristics of the German government's Industry 4.0 strategy involve the strong customization of products under the conditions of highly flexible (mass-) production. The required automation technology is improved by the introduction of methods of self-optimization, self-configuration, self-diagnosis, cognition and intelligent support of workers in their increasingly complex work. The largest project in Industry 4.0 as of July 2013 is the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) leading-edge cluster "Intelligent Technical Systems Ostwestfalen-Lippe (its OWL)". Another major project is the BMBF project RES-COM, as well as the Cluster of Excellence "Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries". In 2015, the European Commission started the international Horizon 2020 research project CREMA (Providing Cloud-based Rapid Elastic Manufacturing based on the XaaS and Cloud model) as a major initiative to foster the Industry 4.0 topic.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: In Estonia, the digital transformation dubbed as the 4th Industrial Revolution by Klaus Schwab and the World Economic Forum in 2015 started with the restoration of independence in 1991. Although a latecomer to the Information Revolution due to 50 years of Soviet Occupation, Estonia leapfrogged to the digital era, while skipping the analogue connections almost completely. The early decisions made by Prime Minister Mart Laar on the course of the country's economic development led to the establishment of what is today known as e-Estonia, one of the worlds most digitally advanced nations.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: According to the goals set in the Estonia’s Digital Agenda 2030, next leaps in the country's digital transformation will be switching to event based and proactive services, both in private and business environment, as well as developing a green,AI-powered and human-centric digital government.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: South Africa appointed a Presidential Commission on the Fourth Industrial Revolution in 2019, consisting of about 30 stakeholders with a background in academia, industry and government. South Africa has also established an Inter ministerial Committee on Industry 4.0.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The Republic of Korea has had a Presidential Committee on the Fourth Industrial Revolution since 2017. The Republic of Korea's I-Korea strategy (2017) is focusing on new growth engines that include AI, drones and autonomous cars, in line with the government's innovation-driven economic policy.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Uganda adopted its own National 4IR Strategy in October 2020 with emphasis on e-governance, urban management (smart cities), health care, education, agriculture and the digital economy; to support local businesses, the government was contemplating introducing a local start-ups bill in 2020 which would require all accounting officers to exhaust the local market prior to procuring digital solutions from abroad.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: In a policy paper published in 2019, the UK's Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, titled "Regulation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution", outlined the need to evolve current regulatory models to remain competitive in evolving technological and social settings.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The Department of Homeland Security in 2019 published a paper called 'The Industrial Internet of things (IIOT): Opportunities, Risks, Mitigation'. The base pieces of critical infrastructure are increasingly digitized for greater connectivity and optimization. Hence, its implementation, growth and maintenance must be carefully planned and safeguarded. The paper discusses not only applications of IIOT but also the associated risks. It has suggested some key areas where risk mitigation is possible. To increase coordination between the public, private, law enforcement, academia and other stakeholders the DHS has formed has new agency called National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center(NCCIC).


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The aerospace industry has sometimes been characterized as "too low volume for extensive automation"; however, Industry 4.0 principles have been investigated by several aerospace companies, and technologies have been developed to improve productivity where the upfront cost of automation cannot be justified. One example of this is the aerospace parts manufacturer Meggitt PLC's M4 project.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: The increasing use of the industrial internet of things is referred to as Industry 4.0 at Bosch, and generally in Germany. Applications include machines that can predict failures and trigger maintenance processes autonomously or self-organized coordination that react to unexpected changes in production.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Industry 4.0 inspired Innovation 4.0, a move toward digitization for academia and research and development. In 2017, the £81M Materials Innovation Factory (MIF) at the University of Liverpool opened as a center for computer aided materials science, where robotic formulation, data capture and modeling are being integrated into development practices.


title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: With the consistent development on automation of everyday tasks, some saw the benefit in the exact opposite of automation where self-made products are valued more than those that involved automation. This valuation is named the 'IKEA effect', a term coined by Michael I. Norton of Harvard Business School, Daniel Mochon of Yale, and Dan Ariely of Duke.


title: Rose Namajunas

text: Rose Gertrude Namajunas (born June 29, 1992) is an American mixed martial artist. She is signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where she competes in the women's strawweight division and is the former two-time UFC Women's Strawweight Champion. As of November 14, 2022, she is #2 in the UFC women's strawweight rankings, and as of October 17, 2022, she is #5 in the UFC women's pound-for-pound rankings.


title: Rose Namajunas

text: Namajunas was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on , to Lithuanian parents who had moved to the United States in September 1991. She was named Rose () in honor of her great-grandmother Rožė Gotšalkaitė Namajūnienė, whose husband Juozas was an Independent Lithuania military officer. He enlisted in the Lithuanian military in 1933, and was promoted to lieutenant in 1936. During the Soviet invasion of Lithuania in 1939, he fought in the resistance. After the Soviets occupied the country, Juozas was forced to enlist in the Red Army. Following the German declaration of war on the Soviet Union and the subsequent Soviet retreat from the Baltic states, Juozas left the Red Army and retired to civilian life. When the Soviets re-occupied Lithuania, Juozas was arrested by the NKVD and sent to a prison camp. He was killed by Soviet KGB agents near his home in 1968. Namajunas's grandfather Algimantas Andriukonis was a successful wrestler, and won national championships in Lithuania and competitions in the USSR. Namajunas regularly visits Lithuania and communicates in the Lithuanian language with her grandparents.