title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: More recently (circa 1997), Bandler has claimed, "NLP is based on finding out what works and formalizing it. In order to formalize patterns I utilized everything from linguistics to holography...The models that constitute NLP are all formal models based on mathematical, logical principles such as predicate calculus and the mathematical equations underlying holography." However, there is no mention of the mathematics of holography nor of holography in general in McClendon's, Spitzer's, or Grinder's account of the development of NLP.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: The philosopher Robert Todd Carroll responded that Grinder has not understood Kuhn's text on the history and philosophy of science, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions". Carroll replies: (a) individual scientists never have nor are they ever able to create "paradigm shifts" volitionally and Kuhn does not suggest otherwise; (b) Kuhn's text does not contain the idea that being unqualified in a field of science is a prerequisite to producing a result that necessitates a "paradigm shift" in that field and (c) "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" is foremost a work of "history" and not an instructive text on "creating" paradigm shifts and such a text is not possible—extraordinary discovery is not a formulaic procedure. Carroll explains that a "paradigm shift" is not a planned activity, rather it is an outcome of scientific effort within the current (dominant) paradigm that produces data that can't be adequately accounted for within the current paradigm—hence a "paradigm shift", i.e. the adoption of a new paradigm.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: In developing NLP, Bandler and Grinder were not responding to a paradigmatic crisis in psychology nor did they produce any data that caused a paradigmatic crisis in psychology. There is no sense in which Bandler and Grinder caused or participated in a paradigm shift. "What did Grinder and Bandler do that makes it impossible to continue doing psychology...without accepting their ideas? Nothing," argues Carroll.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: By the late 1970s, the human potential movement had developed into an industry and provided a market for some NLP ideas. At the center of this growth was the Esalen Institute at Big Sur, California. Perls had led numerous Gestalt therapy seminars at Esalen. Satir was an early leader and Bateson was a guest teacher. Bandler and Grinder claimed that in addition to being a therapeutic method, NLP was also a study of communication and began marketing it as a business tool, claiming that, "if any human being can do anything, so can you." After 150 students paid $1,000 each for a ten-day workshop in Santa Cruz, California, Bandler and Grinder gave up academic writing and produced popular books from seminar transcripts, such as "Frogs into Princes," which sold more than 270,000 copies. According to court documents relating to an intellectual property dispute between Bandler and Grinder, Bandler made more than $800,000 in 1980 from workshop and book sales.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: A community of psychotherapists and students began to form around Bandler and Grinder's initial works, leading to the growth and spread of NLP as a theory and practice. For example, Tony Robbins trained with Grinder and utilized a few ideas from NLP as part of his own self-help and motivational speaking programmes. Bandler led several unsuccessful efforts to exclude other parties from using NLP. Meanwhile, the rising number of practitioners and theorists led NLP to become even less uniform than it was at its foundation. Prior to the decline of NLP, scientific researchers began testing its theoretical underpinnings empirically, with research indicating a lack of empirical support for NLP's essential theories. The 1990s were characterized by fewer scientific studies evaluating the methods of NLP than the previous decade. Tomasz Witkowski attributes this to a declining interest in the debate as the result of a lack of empirical support for NLP from its proponents.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: NLP can be understood in terms of three broad components and the central concepts pertaining to those:


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: According to one study by Steinbach, a classic interaction in NLP can be understood in terms of several major stages including establishing rapport, gleaning information about a problem mental state and desired goals, using specific tools and techniques to make interventions, and integrating proposed changes into the client's life. The entire process is guided by the non-verbal responses of the client. The first is the act of establishing and maintaining rapport between the practitioner and the client which is achieved through pacing and leading the verbal ("e.g.", sensory predicates and keywords) and non-verbal behavior ("e.g.", matching and mirroring non-verbal behavior, or responding to eye movements) of the client.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: Once rapport is established, the practitioner may gather information ("e.g.", using the Meta-Model questions) about the client's present state as well as help the client define a desired state or goal for the interaction. The practitioner pays particular attention to the verbal and non-verbal responses as the client defines the present state and desired state and any "resources" that may be required to bridge the gap. The client is typically encouraged to consider the consequences of the desired outcome, and how they may affect his or her personal or professional life and relationships, taking into account any positive intentions of any problems that may arise (i.e. ecological check). Fourth, the practitioner assists the client in achieving the desired outcomes by using certain tools and techniques to change internal representations and responses to stimuli in the world. Finally, the changes are "future paced" by helping the client to mentally rehearse and integrate the changes into his or her life. For example, the client may be asked to "step into the future" and represent (mentally see, hear and feel) what it is like having already achieved the outcome.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: According to Stollznow, "NLP also involves fringe discourse analysis and "practical" guidelines for "improved" communication. For example, one text asserts "when you adopt the "but" word, people will remember what you said afterwards. With the "and" word, people remember what you said before and after."


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: NLP has been promoted with claims it can be used to treat a variety of diseases including Parkinson's disease, HIV/AIDS and cancer. Such claims have no supporting medical evidence. People who use NLP as a form of treatment risk serious adverse health consequences as it can delay the provision of effective medical care.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: Early books about NLP had a psychotherapeutic focus given that the early models were psychotherapists. As an approach to psychotherapy, NLP shares similar core assumptions and foundations in common with some contemporary brief and systemic practices, such as solution focused brief therapy. NLP has also been acknowledged as having influenced these practices with its reframing techniques which seeks to achieve behavior change by shifting its "context" or "meaning", for example, by finding the positive connotation of a thought or behavior.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: The two main therapeutic uses of NLP are, firstly, as an adjunct by therapists practicing in other therapeutic disciplines and, secondly, as a specific therapy called Neurolinguistic Psychotherapy.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: According to Stollznow, "Bandler and Grinder's infamous "Frogs into Princes" and their other books boast that NLP is a cure-all that treats a broad range of physical and mental conditions and learning difficulties, including epilepsy, myopia and dyslexia. With its promises to cure schizophrenia, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and its dismissal of psychiatric illnesses as psychosomatic, NLP shares similarities with Scientology and the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR)." A systematic review of experimental studies by Sturt "et al" (2012) concluded that "there is little evidence that NLP interventions improve health-related outcomes." In his review of NLP, Stephen Briers writes, "NLP is not really a cohesive therapy but a ragbag of different techniques without a particularly clear theoretical basis...[and its] evidence base is virtually non-existent." Eisner writes, "NLP appears to be a superficial and gimmicky approach to dealing with mental health problems. Unfortunately, NLP appears to be the first in a long line of mass marketing seminars that purport to virtually cure any mental disorder...it appears that NLP has no empirical or scientific support as to the underlying tenets of its theory or clinical effectiveness. What remains is a mass-marketed serving of psychopablum."


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: André Muller Weitzenhoffer—a friend and peer of Milton Erickson—wrote, "Has NLP really abstracted and explicated the essence of successful therapy and provided everyone with the means to be another Whittaker, Virginia Satir, or Erickson?...[NLP's] failure to do this is evident because today there is no multitude of their equals, not even another Whittaker, Virginia Satir, or Erickson. Ten years should have been sufficient time for this to happen. In this light, I cannot take NLP seriously...[NLP's] contributions to our understanding and use of Ericksonian techniques are equally dubious. "Patterns I" and "II" are poorly written works that were an overambitious, pretentious effort to reduce hypnotism to a magic of words."


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: Clinical psychologist Stephen Briers questions the value of the NLP maxim—a "presupposition" in NLP jargon—"there is no failure, only feedback". Briers argues that the denial of the existence of failure diminishes its instructive value. He offers Walt Disney, Isaac Newton and J.K. Rowling as three examples of unambiguous acknowledged personal failure that served as an impetus to great success. According to Briers, it was "the crash-and-burn type of failure, not the sanitised NLP Failure Lite, i.e. the failure-that-isn't really-failure sort of failure" that propelled these individuals to success. Briers contends that adherence to the maxim leads to self-deprecation. According to Briers, personal endeavour is a product of invested values and aspirations and the dismissal of personally significant failure as mere feedback effectively denigrates what one values. Briers writes, "Sometimes we need to accept and mourn the death of our dreams, not just casually dismiss them as inconsequential." Briers also contends that the NLP maxim is narcissistic, self-centered and divorced from notions of moral responsibility.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: Although the original core techniques of NLP were therapeutic in orientation their generic nature enabled them to be applied to other fields. These applications include persuasion, sales, negotiation, management training, sports, teaching, coaching, team building, public speaking, and in the process of hiring employees.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: In the early 1980s, NLP was advertised as an important advance in psychotherapy and counseling, and attracted some interest in counseling research and clinical psychology.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: However, as controlled trials failed to show any benefit from NLP and its advocates made increasingly dubious claims, scientific interest in NLP faded.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: Numerous literature reviews and meta-analyses have failed to show evidence for NLP's assumptions or effectiveness as a therapeutic method. While some NLP practitioners have argued that the lack of empirical support is due to insufficient research which tests NLP, the consensus scientific opinion is that NLP is pseudoscience and that attempts to dismiss the research findings based on these arguments "[constitute]s an admission that NLP does not have an evidence base and that NLP practitioners are seeking a post-hoc credibility."


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: Surveys in the academic community have shown NLP to be widely discredited among scientists. Among the reasons for considering NLP a pseudoscience are that evidence in favor of it is limited to anecdotes and personal testimony, that it is not informed by scientific understanding of neuroscience and linguistics, and that the name "neuro-linguistic programming" uses jargon words to impress readers and obfuscate ideas, whereas NLP itself does not relate any phenomena to neural structures and has nothing in common with linguistics or programming. In fact, in education, NLP has been used as a key example of pseudoscience.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: Sociologists and anthropologists—amongst others—have categorized NLP as a quasi-religion belonging to the New Age and/or Human Potential Movements. Medical anthropologist Jean M. Langford categorizes NLP as a form of folk magic; that is to say, a practice with symbolic efficacy—as opposed to physical efficacy—that is able to effect change through nonspecific effects ("e.g.", placebo). To Langford, NLP is akin to a syncretic folk religion "that attempts to wed the magic of folk practice to the science of professional medicine". Bandler and Grinder were and continue to be) influenced by the shamanism described in the books of Carlos Castaneda. Several ideas and techniques have been borrowed from Castaneda and incorporated into NLP including so-called "double induction" and the notion of "stopping the world" which is central to NLP modeling. Tye (1994) characterizes NLP as a type of "psycho shamanism". Fanthorpe and Fanthorpe (2008) see a similarity between the mimetic procedure and intent of NLP modeling and aspects of ritual in some syncretic religions. Hunt (2003) draws a comparison between the concern with lineage from an NLP guru—which is evident amongst some NLP proponents—and the concern with guru lineage in some Eastern religions.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: In Aupers and Houtman (2010) Bovbjerg identifies NLP as a New Age "psycho-religion" and uses NLP as a case-study to demonstrate the thesis that the New Age psycho-religions such as NLP are predicated on an intrinsically religious idea, namely concern with a transcendent "other". In the world's monotheistic faiths, argues Bovbjerg, the purpose of religious practice is communion and fellowship with a transcendent "other", i.e. a God. With the New Age psycho-religions, argues Bovbjerg, this orientation towards a transcendent "other" persists, but the "other" has become "the other in ourselves", the so-called "unconscious": "The individual's inner life becomes the intangible focus of [psycho-]religious practices and the subconscious becomes a constituent part of modern individuals' understanding of the Self." Bovbjerg adds, "Courses in personal development would make no sense without an unconscious that contains hidden resources and hidden knowledge of the self." Thus psycho-religious practice revolves around ideas of the conscious and unconscious self and communicating with and accessing the hidden resources of the unconscious self—the transcendent "other". According to Bovbjerg, the notion that we have an unconscious self underlies many NLP techniques either explicitly or implicitly. Bovbjerg argues, "Through particular practices, the [NLP practitioner "qua"] psycho-religious practitioner expects to achieve self-perfection in a never-ending transformation of the self."


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: Bovbjerg's secular critique of NLP is echoed in the conservative Christian perspective of the New Age as represented by Jeremiah (1995) who argues, "The 'transformation' recommended by the founders and leaders of these business seminars [such as NLP] has spiritual implications that a non-Christian or new believer may not recognise. The belief that human beings can change themselves by calling upon the power (or god) within or their own infinite human potential is a contradiction of the Christian view. The Bible says man is a sinner and is saved by God's grace alone.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: By the end of 1980, the collaboration between Bandler and Grinder ended. On 25 September 1981, Bandler instituted a civil action against Grinder and his company, seeking injunctive relief and damages for Grinder's commercial activity in relation to NLP. On 29 October 1981, judgement was made in favor of Bandler. As part of a settlement agreement Bandler granted to Grinder a limited 10-year license to conduct NLP seminars, offer certification in NLP and use the NLP name on the condition that royalties from the earnings of the seminars be paid to Bandler. In July 1996 and January 1997, Bandler instituted a further two civil actions against Grinder and his company, numerous other prominent figures in NLP and 200 further initially unnamed persons. Bandler alleged that Grinder had violated the terms of the settlement agreement reached in the initial case and had suffered commercial damage as a result of the allegedly illegal commercial activities of the defendants. Bandler sought from each defendant damages no less than US$10,000,000.00. In February 2000, the Court found against Bandler, stating that "Bandler has misrepresented to the public, through his licensing agreement and promotional materials, that he is the exclusive owner of all intellectual property rights associated with NLP, and maintains the exclusive authority to determine membership in and certification in the Society of NLP."


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: On this matter Stollznow commented in 2010, "ironically, Bandler and Grinder feuded in the 1980s over trademark and theory disputes. Tellingly, none of their myriad of NLP models, pillars, and principles helped these founders to resolve their personal and professional conflicts."


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: In December 1997, Tony Clarkson instituted civil proceedings against Bandler to have Bandler's UK trademark of NLP revoked. The Court found in favor of Clarkson; Bandler's trademark was subsequently revoked.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: By the end of 2000, Bandler and Grinder entered a release where they agreed, amongst other things, that "they are the co-creators and co-founders of the technology of Neuro-linguistic Programming" and "mutually agree to refrain from disparaging each other's efforts, in any fashion, concerning their respective involvement in the field of Neurolinguistic Programming."


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: As a consequence of these disputes and settlements, the names "NLP" and "Neuro-linguistic Programming" are not owned by any party and there is no restriction on any party offering NLP certification.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: The names "NLP" and "Neuro-linguistic Programming" are not owned by any person or organisation, they are not trademarked intellectual property and there is no central regulating authority for NLP instruction and certification. There is no restriction on who can describe themselves as an "NLP Master Practitioner" or "NLP Master Trainer" and there are a multitude of certifying associations; this has led Devilly (2005) to describe such training and certifying associations as "granfalloons", i.e. proud and meaningless associations of human beings.


title: Neuro-linguistic programming

text: There is great variation in the depth and breadth of training and standards of practitioners, and some disagreement between those in the field about which patterns are, or are not, actual NLP. NLP is an open field of training with no "official" best practice. With different authors, individual trainers and practitioners having developed their own methods, concepts and labels, often branding them as NLP, the training standards and quality differ greatly. In 2009, a British television presenter was able to register his pet cat as a member of the British Board of Neuro Linguistic Programming (BBNLP), which subsequently claimed that it existed only to provide benefits to its members and not to certify credentials.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Dark Shadows is a 2012 American dark fantasy film based on the gothic television soap opera of the same name. Directed by Tim Burton, the film stars Johnny Depp, Michelle Pfeiffer, Helena Bonham Carter, Eva Green, Jackie Earle Haley, Jonny Lee Miller, Chloë Grace Moretz, and Bella Heathcote in a dual role. Christopher Lee has a small role in the film, his 200th film appearance and his fifth and final appearance in a Burton film. Jonathan Frid, star of the original "Dark Shadows" series, makes a cameo, which was his final screen appearance, as he died shortly before the release of the film. One of the film's producers, Richard D. Zanuck, died two months after its release.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: The film had a limited release on May 10, 2012, and was officially released the following day in North America. It performed poorly at the United States box office, but did well in foreign markets. Reviews for the film were mixed; critics praised its visual style and consistent humor, but felt it lacked a focused or substantial plot and developed characters.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: In 1760, young Barnabas Collins and his wealthy family set sail from Liverpool to the New World, where they establish the town of Collinsport in Maine and construct Collinwood Mansion, their grand estate. Fifteen years later, Barnabas spurns the advances of his servant, Angelique, who is secretly a witch. In response, she murders his parents using magic and curses Barnabas so that "all he loves will die".


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Barnabas becomes obsessed with dark magic to prove his parents were murdered. Under Angelique's spell, his fiancée Josette jumps to her death from a cliff called "Widow's Hill". He throws himself after her, but survives, further cursed by Angelique to eternal suffering as a vampire. Angelique turns the town against Barnabas and gets him buried alive.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: In 1972, almost 200-years-later, Maggie Evans, who bears an uncanny resemblance to Josette, travels to Collinwood to fill the position of governess. She assumes the alias Victoria Winters and meets the dysfunctional current-residents of Collinwood: Collins matriarch Elizabeth and her teenage daughter Carolyn; Elizabeth's brother Roger and his young son David, who believes he is being visited by his late-mother's ghost; and a live-in alcoholic psychiatrist, Dr. Julia Hoffman. That night, Victoria is visited by the ghost of Josette.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: A construction crew building a McDonald's unwittingly frees Barnabas from his tomb. He apologetically feeds on their blood and then makes his way to Collinwood, perplexed by the modern-day technology and fashion he encounters.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: At Collinwood, Barnabas hypnotizes the caretaker, Willie, into his service and reveals to Elizabeth that the legends of the family curse and her long-lost ancestor are true. He asks to rejoin the family and shows Elizabeth the manor's secret passages and hidden treasure. Though wary, she introduces him to the family as a distant relative from England.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: While adjusting to modern life and falling for Victoria, Barnabas uses his powers of persuasion and the family treasure to restore both the Collins Canning Company and Collinwood to their former glory. Dr. Hoffman learns of his true nature and offers to try to turn him mortal again. They start by removing his blood and giving him transfusions of human blood.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Angelique, having survived through the centuries and now the owner of the dominant Angel Bay Seafood, is still in love with Barnabas. To protect Victoria, he gives in to Angelique's lust and they have sex in her office, but, afterwards, a remorseful Barnabas again rejects Angelique.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Barnabas hosts a "happening" at Collinwood for the entire town, with Alice Cooper as entertainment. He finds Victoria alone, who reveals she has seen the ghost of Josette her entire life; her parents committed her to an asylum as a result, but she eventually escaped and Josette directed her to Collinwood. She returns Barnabas' affections and they kiss, to Angelique's dismay.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: More eager than ever to be human, Barnabas goes to Dr. Hoffman's office, where he discovers her transfusing his blood into herself to try to stop her aging. He drains all the blood from her body, and he and Willie dump her at sea, telling everyone she went away on business.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Barnabas confronts the greedy Roger and offers him a choice: to become a better father to David, or to leave Collinwood with enough money to live out his life elsewhere; Roger chooses the latter. Heartbroken, David is nearly struck by a falling disco ball, but Barnabas saves him with supernatural speed and catches fire in the daylight, revealing himself as a vampire. David, Carolyn, and Victoria are shocked.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Desperate, Barnabas meets with Angelique, who goads him into confessing to his murders and demands he join her as her paramour. He refuses, so she again traps him in a coffin. Angelique destroys the Collins’ cannery and, with a recording of Barnabas' confession, rallies the town against the family.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: David frees Barnabas, who confronts Angelique at Collinwood. They battle, and the townspeople see that she is a witch. Elizabeth and Carolyn, who reveals herself to be a werewolf, join the fight, and Angelique enchants the house to turn against the Collins family. She admits she was responsible for the werewolf that bit Carolyn as an infant, and for the deaths of David's mother and Barnabas' parents. The ghost of David's mother appears and incapacitates Angelique, and the family escape the burning manor. Angelique offers Barnabas her heart, which crumbles as she dies.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Barnabas races to Widow's Hill and finds Victoria, who says there is only one way for them to be together. When he refuses to turn her into a vampire, she steps off the cliff. He leaps after her, biting her neck on the way down. On the rocks, he holds her in his arms. Now a vampire, she awakens as Josette. As they kiss, a voiceover from Barnabas declares that his curse is now lifted.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: At the San Diego Comic-Con 2011, it was confirmed that four actors from the original series would appear in the film. In June 2011, Jonathan Frid, Lara Parker, David Selby, and Kathryn Leigh Scott all spent three days at Pinewood Studios to film cameo appearances. They all appeared as guests during the ball held at Collinwood Manor and can be seen arriving as a group. Frid died in April 2012, making this his final film appearance.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: In July 2007, Warner Bros. acquired film rights for the gothic soap opera "Dark Shadows" from the estate of its creator, Dan Curtis. Johnny Depp had a childhood obsession with "Dark Shadows", calling it a "dream" to portray Barnabas Collins, and ended up persuading Tim Burton to direct. The project's development was delayed by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. After the strike was resolved, Burton was attached to direct the film.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: By 2009, screenwriter John August was writing a screenplay for "Dark Shadows". In 2010, author and screenwriter Seth Grahame-Smith replaced August, but, on the finished film, August did receive story credit with Smith for his contributions to the film.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Filming began in May 2011. Production took place entirely in England, at both Pinewood Studios and on location. Depp attempted to emulate the "rigidity" and "elegance" of Jonathan Frid's original portrayal, but also drew inspiration from Max Schreck's performance in "Nosferatu".


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: A number of Burton's frequent collaborators worked on the film's crew, among them production designer Rick Heinrichs, costume designer Colleen Atwood, editor Chris Lebenzon, and composer Danny Elfman. French cinematographer Bruno Delbonnel—known for his work in "Amélie", "A Very Long Engagement" and "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince"—also worked on the project.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: The film was scored by long-time Burton collaborator Danny Elfman. An album featuring 21 tracks of compositions from the film by Elfman was released on May 8, 2012.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: A number of contemporaneous early-1970s rock and pop songs appear in the film, along with others from earlier and slightly later. These include "Nights in White Satin" by The Moody Blues, "I'm Sick of You" by Iggy Pop, "Season of the Witch" by Donovan, "Top of the World" by The Carpenters, "You're the First, the Last, My Everything" by Barry White and "Get It On" by T. Rex. Alice Cooper makes a cameo in the film and sings "No More Mr. Nice Guy" and "Ballad of Dwight Fry". A cover of the Raspberries' song "Go All the Way" by The Killers plays over the end credits.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: "Dark Shadows: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack" was released on May 8, 2012, as a download and on various dates as a CD, such as on May 22 as an import in the United States and on May 25 in Australia. It features 11 songs, among them two score pieces by Danny Elfman and a recitation by Depp as Barnabas of several lines from "The Joker" by Steve Miller Band. Songs not featured on the soundtrack that are in the film include "Superfly" by Curtis Mayfield, "Crocodile Rock" by Elton John and "Paranoid" by Black Sabbath.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: The film grossed $79.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $165.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $245.5 million.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: For a Burton film, "Dark Shadows" achieved below-average domestic box office takings, with many commentators attributing that to the domination of "The Avengers". It made $29.7 million in its first weekend, then $12.8 million in its second.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, "Dark Shadows" holds an approval rating of 35% based on 259 reviews, with an average rating of 5.30/10; the site's critical consensus reads: "The visuals are top notch but Tim Burton never finds a consistent rhythm, mixing campy jokes and gothic spookiness with less success than other Johnny Depp collaborations." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 55 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Some critics felt the film lacked a focused or consistent plot or genre (as either horror, comedy or drama), pointing to problems with Grahame-Smith's script, and that some jokes fell flat. Some claimed that Burton and Depp's collaborations had become tired. Many of these same critics, however, noted that this film's visual style was impressive.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Positive reviewers, on the other hand, opined that the film successfully translated the mood of the soap opera and that its '70s culture pastiche worked to its advantage. There was also acclaim for the characters and actors, most notably Depp as Barnabas—who several critics said was the stand-out character due to his humorous culture shock—and Pfeiffer.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Roger Ebert gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four and said: "[The film] offers wonderful things, but they aren't what's important. It's as if Burton directed at arm's length, unwilling to find juice in the story." He went on to note that "Much of the amusement comes from Depp's reactions to 1970s pop culture," and concluded that the film "begins with great promise, but then the energy drains out". Manohla Dargis, in a mostly-positive review written for "The New York Times", said that the film "isn't among Mr. Burton's most richly realized works, but it's very enjoyable, visually sumptuous and, despite its lugubrious source material and a sporadic tremor of violence, surprisingly effervescent," and opined that Burton's "gift for deviant beauty and laughter has its own liberating power."


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: "Rolling Stone"s Peter Travers gave the film a mixed two-and-a-half stars out of four, claiming that "After a fierce and funny start, "Dark Shadows" simply spins its wheels," and adding that "the pleasures of "Dark Shadows" are frustratingly hit-and-miss. In the end, it all collapses into a spectacularly gorgeous heap." In "The Washington Post", Ann Hornaday dismissed the film, awarding it just one-and-a-half stars out of four and explaining that "Burton's mash-up of post-'60s kitsch and modern-day knowingness strikes a chord that is less self-aware than fatally self-satisfied. "Dark Shadows" doesn't know where it wants to dwell: in the eerie, subversive penumbra suggested by its title or in playful, go-for-broke camp."


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: Richard Corliss of "Time" pointed out that "[Burton]'s affection is evident, and his homage sometimes acute," and reasoned: "All right, so Burton has made less a revival of the old show than a hit-or-miss parody pageant," but praised the star power of the film, relenting that "attention must be paid to movie allure, in a star like Depp and his current harem. Angelique may be the only demonic among the women here, but they're all bewitching." Peter Bradshaw, in the British newspaper "The Guardian", weighed the film in a mixed write-up, giving it three stars out of five, and pointing out his feeling that "the Gothy, jokey 'darkness' of Burton's style is now beginning to look very familiar; he has built his brand to perfection in the film marketplace, and it is smarter and more distinctive than a lot of what is on offer at the multiplex, but there are no surprises. There are shadows, but they conceal nothing."


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: "Dark Shadows" was released on both Blu-ray and DVD in the United States on October 2, 2012 (the date confirmed by the official "Dark Shadows" Facebook page and the official "Dark Shadows" website). It was released on both formats several days earlier in Australia; in stores on September 24, and online on September 26. The film was released on home video in the UK on October 15.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: The DVD includes just one featurette, "The Collinses: Every Family Has Its Demons", while the Blu-ray contains a total of nine short featurettes and six deleted scenes. Several worldwide releases of both the DVD and Blu-ray contain an UltraViolet digital copy of the film.


title: Dark Shadows (film)

text: In December 2011, Pfeiffer told MTV that she was hoping there would be sequels to the film. On May 8, 2012, various tabloids, like "Variety", reported that Warner Bros. may have wanted to turn "Dark Shadows" into a film franchise. On the same day, Collider mentioned that the ending lends itself to a possible sequel. When Burton was asked if he thought this could be a possible start to a franchise, he replied: "No. Because of the nature of it being like a soap opera, that was the structure. It wasn't a conscious decision. First of all, it's a bit presumptuous to think that. If something works out, that's one thing, but you can't ever predict that. [The ending] had more to do with the soap opera structure of it."


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: Jersey is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language sports drama film written and directed by Gowtam Tinnanuri, being his Hindi directorial debut and the remake of his 2019 Telugu film of the same title. Cricket action choreographed and directed by Rob Miller of ReelSports. It stars Shahid Kapoor as a former cricketer who returns to the game for his son's wish of buying a Jersey T- Shirt, alongside Mrunal Thakur and Pankaj Kapoor. The film is produced by Geetha Arts, Dil Raju Production, Sithara Entertainments and Brat Films.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: Official announcement for the film was made in October 2019. Principal photography commenced in Chandigarh in December 2019 and ended in December 2020, amidst delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. "Jersey" was originally scheduled for a cinema release on 28 August 2020 but was postponed multiple times due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was theatrically released on 22 April 2022. Despite a positive reception from the critics and praise for Shahid Kapoor's performance, "Jersey" performed poorly at the box office.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: 26-year-old Arjun Talwar is an extraordinary cricketer from Chandigarh with the highest batting average in all of India and 106 half-centuries, fifty-two centuries, nine double centuries and two triple centuries to his name. Following the 1985-86 Duleep Trophy finals, Arjun awaits news of his selection in the India national team, only to find out his inclusion in the list was a misprint. Following this, he quits cricket. Arjun then applies for a job in the food sector and shortly after marries his girlfriend Vidya, with whom he has a son named Ketan, nicknamed Kittu. However, sometime in the early 1990s, Arjun is suspended from his job on corruption charges, although he is innocent.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: In 1996, Arjun lives with Vidya and Kittu in a dilapidated house in Chandigarh, with Vidya struggling to make ends meet as a hotel receptionist. Kittu loves playing cricket, much like Arjun did, and wishes to get a jersey of the Indian national team for his upcoming birthday. Arjun tries getting one, but finds out it is very expensive; he then tries to loan the Jersey in vain and Vidya refuses to lend him money for the same. His friends try pooling funds for the jersey, but fall very short of the budget. Arjun's former coach Baali Sir approaches him to inform him of an upcoming charity match between Punjab and New Zealand, with players' fees included. Arjun's friend lies that Arjun has agreed to play, forcing Arjun to practice for the match late at night.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: The next day, the New Zealand team bats impressively and sets a high target for Punjab. At first, Punjab seems to be losing the match, with very few runs and wickets falling quick. Arjun is sent onto the pitch, hitting fours and sixes with ease. Although the Punjab team eventually loses the match by one run, Arjun is praised by many, especially Kittu, for his exceptional batting. However, he is dismayed to find out that players' fees are going to charity as well. Arjun, ashamed that he was unable to get his son a jersey, tells Baali Sir that he wants to get back up playing cricket.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: Officials are skeptical about Arjun, a 36-year-old, playing cricket, thinking he will not do well and will quit again in a year or two. However, they then see him play during practice, amazed by how he is able to score easily. Selections for the upcoming Ranji Trophy are underway, with only 15 out of 30 of the trainees being selected. The results come in, and Arjun is ecstatic after finding out that his name in the list. The first few matches go well, with Arjun making centuries effortlessly and simultaneously earning his teammates' respect and teaching them some of his techniques. Meanwhile, Arjun's time on the field takes a toll on him, resulting in him having to go to the hospital for some tests. Although it is said he may not be able to play in the finals, Arjun nevertheless appears for the match against Karnataka at the Wankhede Stadium.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: In the second half of the match, he is pitted against Gowda, a bowler from the Karnataka team who has effortlessly taken wickets of batsmen who had played prior in the match. Gowda proves to be a challenge to Arjun, who however manages to get to a century. Gowda tries many tricks to take Arjun's wicket. However, this does not deter Arjun from scoring. In the final over, the team barely manages to score runs due to the opposition's strong bowling and Arjun being on the non-striker end. On the final ball, Arjun needing three runs to win, attempts to hit a sixer. Despite risking being run out, Arjun manages to make the required runs for his team to win the match and the trophy.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: In 2022, Jasleen Shergill, a journalist who supported Arjun during his comeback, writes a biography about him titled "Jersey". At a function relating to the book, it is revealed that recently, a list of players selected for the Indian national team headed to England was found, with Arjun's name included in it. A grown-up Ketan is then called upon stage to receive a jersey with Arjun's name on it, thus fulfilling his childhood dream of getting a jersey. Ketan reveals that shortly after the Ranji finals, Arjun had to be admitted to the hospital, succumbing to heart failure caused by arrythmia, something Arjun knew he had, but chose to keep it a secret and the reason why he had to quit cricket. Ketan then ends his speech by stating that while people believed his father lost his life while trying, it was the opposite; even during hardships, Arjun never backed down till the very end.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: Speculations for a remake of the Telugu film "Jersey" (2019) began soon after its release. Later it was reported that Shahid Kapoor has been roped in to star as the lead actor while Shraddha Kapoor was considered for the female lead. In August 2019, Kannada actress Rashmika Mandanna was considered to play the female lead in this film and it will be her Hindi debut film. Official announcement was made on 14 October that year, confirming all the cast and crew. But later Mrunal Thakur was finalised to cast in the movie Shahid's father Pankaj Kapur was roped in to portray Coach Murthy. The principal photography commenced on 14 December 2019 in Chandigarh.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: While filming in January 2020, it was reported that Shahid Kapoor received thirteen stitches during a scene, though he later recovered. The filming was halted in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The filming was resumed in October 2020, production moved to Dehradun and filming took place at the all-boys' boarding school, The Doon School, and Kasiga School. Doon's cricket grounds, buildings and pavilion feature in the film and the trailer. The final schedule of the film took place at the Mohali Stadium in Punjab, and strict bio bubbles and quarantine rules were put in place for the safety of cast and crew. The filming wrapped up on 14 December 2020.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: The film's songs are composed by Sachet–Parampara while the lyrics are written by Shellee. The film score is composed by Anirudh Ravichander who composed the score and soundtrack for the original Telugu version. The film version of 'Jind Meriye' is sung by Javed Ali. 'Maiyya Mainu' second version was sung by Parampara Tandon.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: "Jersey" was released on 22 April 2022. The film was initially scheduled to be theatrically released on 28 August 2020 and then on 5 November 2021, before the COVID-19 pandemic delayed production. It was later on again finalised for cinema release on 31 December 2021, but got indefinitely postponed due to the Omicron variant spread. Release date was revised later as 14 April 2022, but it was pushed by a week to avoid clash with "Beast" and "".


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: "Jersey" earned 3.75 crore at the domestic box office on its opening day. On the second day, the film collected 5.50 crore. On the third day, the film collected 5.50 crore, taking total domestic weekend collection to 14.75 crore.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: , the film grossed crore in India and crore overseas, for a worldwide gross collection of crore. "Jersey" performed poorly at the box office despite positive reception from critics. Ganesh Aaglave of "Firstpost" attributed to the film's failure to the box office clash with "", overdose of remakes of South Indian films by Shahid Kapoor, availability of the Hindi dubbed version of the original film on YouTube for free, and average music compared to his previous film "Kabir Singh" (2019).


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: "Jersey" received positive reviews with critics lauding the intent of the film and Shahid's performance.


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: Pankaj Shukla of "Amar Ujala" gave the film a rating of 4/5. A Reviewer from "Prabhat Khabar" gave the film a rating of 3.5/5. Archika Khurana of "The Times Of India" gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote "This film leans more on emotional drama, while it could have struck a finer balance between the sports and the human drama". Himesh Mankad of "Pinkvilla" gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote "Jersey is a well-intentioned sport drama, which much like the original, has heart at its right place. It rides on superlative performance by Shahid Kapoor, who rises to roar and revolt as a cricketer". Devansh Sharma of "Firstpost" gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote "Jersey makes us find great comfort in familiarity. It's honest, but could have also been innovative and intricate". Sukanya Verma of "Rediff" gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote "Jersey is a sweet little drama that hits a home run on the strength of its heart and hero".


title: Jersey (2022 film)

text: A Reviewer of "Bollywood Hungama" gave the film a rating of 3/5 and wrote "While Shahid Kapoor Jersey scores with its performance and touching finale, the slow pace and opposition from KGF 2 will limit its box office prospects". Bharathi Pradhan of "Lehren" gave the film a rating of 3/5 and wrote "Shahid Kapoor looks and enacts his part as cricketer, lover and father with impressive credibility". Tushar Joshi of "India Today" gave the film a rating of 3/5 and wrote "Jersey is a solid effort by Shahid Kapoor and it once again proves his mettle as an actor". Shubhra Gupta of "The Indian Express" gave the film a rating of 2.5/5 and wrote "Shahid Kapoor-Mrunal Thakur-starrer film, an official remake of the 2019 Telugu hit of the same name and by the same director, has all the elements of an inspirational sports drama". Saibal Chatterjee of "NDTV" gave the film a rating of 2.5/5 and wrote "On the acting front, Shahid is the Man of the Match. The team effort behind him is strengthened by the performances from Mrunal Thakur and Ronit Kamra, a confident child actor". Monika Rawal Kukreja of "The Hindustan Times" stated "Shahid Kapoor delivers one of his best performances. However, the film's length works against it". Anuj Kumar of "The Hindu" stated "Despite heartwarming moments, 'Jersey' suffers from logical loopholes and a sense of deja vu".


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: Resident Evil is a 2002 action horror film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson. The film stars Milla Jovovich, Michelle Rodriguez, Eric Mabius, James Purefoy, Martin Crewes, and Colin Salmon. It is the first installment in the "Resident Evil" film series, which is loosely based on the video game series of the same name. Borrowing elements from the video games "Resident Evil" and "Resident Evil 2", the film follows amnesiac heroine Alice and a band of Umbrella Corporation commandos as they attempt to contain the outbreak of the T-virus at a secret underground facility.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: German studio Constantin Film bought the rights to adapt the series in January 1997. Several writers and filmmakers, such as Alan B. McElroy, George A. Romero and Jamie Blanks, were initially hired to direct and write the film, but their scripts were rejected. In 2000,  Paul W. S. Anderson was announced as writer and director. Developed as a prequel set in the same continuity as the video game series, the film was initially titled "Resident Evil: Ground Zero", but was retitled after the September 11 attacks. Cast was announced in early 2001 and principal photography commenced in March 2001 in Berlin.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: "Resident Evil" was theatrically released in Germany on March 12, 2002, by Constantin Film Verleih, and in the United Kingdom on July 12, 2002, by Screen Gems and Pathé Distribution. The film received generally unfavorable reviews from critics and grossed $103 million worldwide against a production budget of $33 million. It was followed by six sequels establishing their own alternate continuity: "" (2004), "" (2007), "" (2010), "" (2012), "" (2016), and "" (2021).


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: Underneath Raccoon City exists a genetic research facility called the Hive, owned by the Umbrella Corporation. A thief steals the genetically engineered T-virus and contaminates the Hive with it. In response, the facility's artificial intelligence, the Red Queen, seals the Hive and kills everyone inside. Alice awakens in the bathroom of a deserted mansion with amnesia. She dresses, checks the mansion, and is tackled by an unknown person as a group of commandos led by James Shade breaks in. Alice's attacker is cuffed and then released when he claims to be Matt Addison, who just transferred as a cop in Raccoon P.D. Alice and Matt are ordered to go down to the Hive with the group, where they find another amnesiac, Spence, hidden in their train. The commandos explain that everyone in the group except Matt is an employee of the Umbrella Corporation, and Alice and her partner Spence were assigned to guard the Hive's secret entrance under the mansion under the pretense of being married.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: At the Red Queen's chamber, a laser defense system kills Shade and three more commandos. Despite the Red Queen's urgent pleas for the group to leave, Kaplan disables it, causing the power to fail and all of the doors in the Hive to open. This releases the zombified staff and containment units containing Lickers, creatures created through experimentation with the T-virus. The humans are attacked by the horde, and J.D. dies. Rain retreats with Kaplan and Spence, and Matt becomes separated from Alice, who starts regaining her memories. Matt looks for information about his sister, Lisa, and finds her zombified. Alice saves him, and Matt explains he and Lisa were environmental activists, and Lisa infiltrated Umbrella to smuggle out the evidence of illegal experiments. Alice remembers she was Lisa's contact in the Hive but does not tell Matt. The survivors reunite at the Red Queen's chamber, where the commandos explain they have one hour before the Hive traps them inside automatically. Alice and Kaplan activate the Red Queen to find an exit; to force her cooperation, they rig a remote shutdown.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: As they escape through maintenance tunnels, zombies ambush them, and a reanimated J.D. bites Rain before she shoots him dead. They reach safety except Kaplan, who is bitten and separated from the group. Alice remembers that an anti-virus is in the lab, but they find it missing. Spence and Alice remember that Spence was the thief who stole and purposefully released the T-virus, and hid the T-virus and anti-virus on the train. Spence turns against the others but is bitten by a zombie, which he kills before trapping the survivors in the lab. Spence retrieves the anti-virus but is killed by a Licker set upon him by the Red Queen. The Red Queen offers to spare Alice and Matt if they kill Rain, who has been infected too long for the anti-virus to work reliably. As the Licker attempts to reach them, a power outage occurs. The lab door opens to reveal that Kaplan shut down the Red Queen to open the door. The group heads to the train, where Alice retrieves the anti-virus and kills a reanimated Spence before escaping with the others.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: On the train, they inject Rain and Kaplan with the anti-virus. The Licker, having hidden on the train, attacks them, clawing Matt and killing Kaplan. Alice subdues the Licker before Matt is attacked by a zombified Rain, the anti-virus having failed to cure her. He shoots Rain dead, and her head hits a button, opening a door and dropping the Licker under the train, killing it. At the mansion, Matt's wound begins mutating. Before Alice can give him the anti-virus, the mansion doors burst open, and a group of Umbrella scientists seizes them. They subdue Alice and take Matt away, revealing he is to be put into the Nemesis Program, and that the Hive is to be re-opened for an investigation into the incident. Later, Alice awakens at the Raccoon City Hospital strapped to an examination table, and escapes outside to find Raccoon City . She retrieves a shotgun from an abandoned police car and continues through the streets.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: German production company Constantin Film bought the film rights for "Resident Evil" in January 1997, and hired screenwriter Alan B. McElroy to write the script. Several magazines from 1997 published early reports about McElroy's storyline: a U.S. covert paramilitary rescue squad is put together with members from all over the country, and is sent to a medical research facility inside a remote mountain community, where there has been a string of bizarre murder cases. Another team sent in earlier was killed; the new team members encounter genetically mutated creatures, and realize they are being used as specimens in a medical experiment. While he was writing his "Resident Evil" script, McElroy was also writing the film adaptation for another survival horror video game, "Doom", which ultimately wasn't used. By mid December 1997, it was reported McElroy was putting the final touches on his "Resident Evil" script.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: The June 1998 issue of "" published an article about the script, after they got a leaked copy of one of McElroy's revised drafts from early 1998. Described as action and horror packed and very violent, it was similar to the original game. Some changes were made; for example, there was no mention of the Umbrella Corporation or STARS, but the script did include all major characters and monsters from the game. It also included scenes based on the game's more famous moments, like a zombie eating someone and then turning its head around, and a zombie dog crashing through a window. The plot followed a rescue team with members from different military and special forces (including Chris, Jill, Barry, Brad, Rebecca and others from the game). The team is put together by Albert Wesker, who was in an asylum (no explanation for why was given in the script) until he got recruited by the government to rescue scientists from the mansion laboratory located in Raccoon forest. A SWAT team was sent in earlier to investigate disappearances and murders of campers and park rangers, but they were destroyed by mysterious creatures. Soon after, Wesker's team lands in the forest and is attacked by mutated dogs, but manages to get into the mansion. After battling monsters, including zombies, giant tarantulas and giant hornets, and losing team members and eventually running out of ammo, the team would find the scientist they were sent to rescue and discover that the mission was a trap for them to get infected and spread the virus to the rest of the world. The script's ending had Chris and Jill as last survivors who find the antidote and escape the mansion as it explodes while they are pursued by Wesker who has mutated into Tyrant, the final monster from the game. They defeat the Wesker-Tyrant, take the antidote and walk off into the sunset. Although producers at Constantin Film felt he did a good job with it, McElroy's script was rejected because, by the time it was finished, "Resident Evil 2" would have been out, and some at Constantin felt that a movie based on the first game would have been "dated and boring". McElroy has a story credit in the released film, which does still have some similarities to his script.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In 1998, George A. Romero directed a television commercial for the video game "Resident Evil 2". The original game's director, Shinji Mikami, was a fan of Romero and had been influenced by his films. The commercial was only shown in Japan, but impressed Sony enough for them to ask him to write and direct "Resident Evil". Romero stated that he had his secretary play the entire game through and record the gameplay so he could study it as a resource. Romero's screenplay was based on the first "Resident Evil" game and included characters from the video games. Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine were the lead characters, involved in a romantic relationship, and Barry Burton, Rebecca Chambers, Ada Wong, and Albert Wesker were to also appear. The ending to the film would have been similar to the "best" ending to the first "Resident Evil" game. Like McElroy, Romero made some changes in his script, like writing Barry, who is white in the game, as African American, and added some history between him and Wesker, now best friends since childhood that have been working together for years on military missions. Chris was changed into a Mohawk man who is not a STARS member but has been living in Raccoon City all his life. Romero also hired artist Bernie Wrightson to design some concept artwork of creatures for the film, and Wrightson did several designs of Tyrant, based on its look in the original game and its description in Romero's script.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In a 2002 interview in "Fangoria", Romero said that he wrote a total of five or six different drafts, but that they were rejected. Robert Kulzer, head of the production, said that, although he felt Romero's script was good, the film would have received an NC-17 rating if it had been approved. Romero said a number of people from Capcom and Constantin supported his script, but Constantin head Bernd Eichinger ultimately rejected it. In 2019, the University of Pittsburgh's Library System acquired the "George A. Romero Archival Collection", which included material from his work on "Resident Evil". These include several copies of Romero's "Resident Evil" script, and a first draft of McElroy's script, dated May 29, 1997, all of which are available to read at the University. Romero's first draft dated October 7, 1998 leaked out and has been available to read online, but none of his later drafts nor any of McElroy's have leaked out to the wider public.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: After Romero left the project, other writers and directors were involved for the next few years before the film went into production. In early 2000, director Jamie Blanks, who two years earlier directed the psychological slasher film "Urban Legend", was attached to direct "Resident Evil" based on a new script from another writer, which was about the STARS team fighting against monsters created by a virus outbreak inside Raccoon City. This version was cancelled as well.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In 1995, Paul W. S. Anderson's low budget film "Mortal Kombat" became one of the first commercially successful video game adaptations. After playing "Resident Evil", Anderson saw its cinematic potential and wrote a script titled "Undead", which he described as "a ripoff" of the game. Bernd Eichinger, head of Constantin Film, was enthusiastic, so Anderson developed it into the script for "Resident Evil". In late 2000, Anderson was announced as director and writer, and "Resident Evil" re-entered pre-production stages. Anderson stated the film would not include any tie-ins with the video game series as "under-performing movie tie-ins are too common and "Resident Evil", of all games, deserved a good celluloid representation".


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In early 2001, Michelle Rodriguez, James Purefoy and Milla Jovovich were the first of the cast to be signed on the project. Sarah Michelle Gellar was also originally set to star as Alice, and at one point during development Jennifer Love Hewitt, Kirsten Dunst, and Natasha Henstridge were all in the running to play Jill Valentine, but due to the amount of nudity in the role they all turned it down, and the character was written out in later versions of the script. David Boreanaz was intended to portray male cop lead Matt Addison, but he turned down the role to continue work on the WB series "Angel". Boreanaz suggested that he was in negotiations to have a smaller role in the film, but later declined. The role of Matt Addison then went to Eric Mabius who was cast in March 2001, along with Heike Makatsch, who was cast as Matt Addison's sister Lisa Addison, an employee working for Umbrella's Hive facility.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In early March 2001, half of the film was to be shot in Adlershof Studios in Berlin and its surroundings. Principal photography began on March 5, 2001 at numerous locations including the then unfinished station U-Bahnhof Bundestag of the Berlin U-Bahn, Landsberger Allee, Kaserne Krampnitz and the Schloss Lindstedt.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: The film's score and were composed by Marco Beltrami and Marilyn Manson during mid-2001. Manson described the score and soundtrack as being more "electronic" than his previous work.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: The film was originally subtitled as "Resident Evil: Ground Zero" when the movie was considered a prequel to the games, but the subtitle was removed due to 9-11. The film's first plot as of March 16, 2001 revealed that Jovovich's Alice and Rodriguez's Rain were the leaders of a commando team sent in to prevent a viral outbreak from spreading to the rest of the world. The character of the Red Queen was added into the film's story as an homage to Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland".


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: During production, professional dancers were hired to star as zombies as they had better control of their body movements. While computer effects were used on some zombies, much of the undead appearances were accomplished through make-up while their movements were a more laissez-faire approach, as Anderson told the actors to move however they thought a zombie would, given their conditions. Whilst filming, there was a shortage of manpower where the available dancers were not enough to represent the required numbers of undead, but some of Capcom's executives and several of the film producers including Jeremy Bolt agreed to make appearances. The film's stunt coordinator also made an appearance as the dog trainer while Bolt's girlfriend and sister both appeared as zombies.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: Elements are borrowed from "Resident Evil 2" and "", including Alice's character awakening in Raccoon City Hospital with a viral outbreak occurring in the city. There are several references to characters and organizations such as the Umbrella Corporation, the Nemesis program, the underground train bearing the moniker "Alexi-5000" (a double callback to a similar train in "Resident Evil 2" and ""s villain Alexia Ashford), and a police cruiser, from which Alice takes out a shotgun, with a "STARS" logo on the hood. Jason Isaacs appears uncredited in the film as a masked unnamed doctor, a reference to William Birkin. The character of Dr. Isaacs (played by Iain Glen) in the film's sequels is named after him.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: Other references include Alice examining the mansion outside, where crows are visible; crows are minor enemies throughout the games. Alice finds a picture of her wedding day with Spence, which is in the same style as the photos in the first version of the "Resident Evil" game: black-and-white with the foreground image noticeably spliced into the background. In the newspaper at the end of the film, the words ""Horror in Raccoon City! More Victims Dead!"" are shown in the upper right corner. This is a reference to the same newspaper in the censored opening of the first "Resident Evil" game and the prologue chapter for the "" novel. Near the beginning of the film, Alice examines a statue after the wind blows its cover off. This statue is similar in design to one in the mansion of the first game.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: While returning to the Red Queen's chamber, Kaplan points out that the four bodies of the group's dead crew from the Glass Hallway Trap sequence are gone. This is a reference to the games, where the bodies of enemies disappear. When the survivors make their escape from the Hive with a countdown as they fight the final boss, this is a reference to the "Resident Evil" game which ends with a five-minute countdown, during which the boss must be defeated.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: Anderson has stated that the film's camera angles and several shots allude to the video game's camera angles, such as the fight between Alice and the security guard. These include a scene near the beginning where there is a close up of Alice's eye, a direct reference to the title screen of the first game. In another scene, Alice awakes and hears a creepy sound, which is a reference to the plot of the first game.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In March 2001, the official website was set up, which revealed the film's original October 26, 2001 release and a redirect to the film's production company Constantin Film. The website was fully opened in July 2001, and composed of images, plot info, character biographies and downloads. In January 2002, the film was officially announced to have an R rating, although Anderson decided not to make it as gory as the games. Originally it received an NC-17 rating and Anderson had to make cuts; the uncut version was teased but never released.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In December 2001, Sony gave fans a chance to design the film's poster with a prize of an undisclosed amount of cash and free screening of the film, with the final design being the film's poster. On February 16, 2002, Nick Des Barres, a 23-year-old aspiring actor and ex-video game magazine designer, was announced as the winner of the competition. The film's trailer and clips were released in late January and early February 2002. ‘’Resident Evil’’ was released on March 15, 2002 in the US.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: On June 29, 2004, over two years after the film's release, a novelization by Keith R. A. DeCandido was published.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In May 2001, it was announced that Sony Pictures Releasing would distribute the film in North America through their Screen Gems label. It was suggested by Capcom executives that the film would not be released in 2001, but rather in 2002, which was later confirmed by Sony in August 2001. The film was set for release on April 5, 2002 before being pushed forward to a March 15 release.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In December 2001, it was announced that Pathé and FilmFour had acquired the British theatrical distribution rights to the movie as part of a partnership between the two companies. They would both share acquisition and distribution costs and divide profits equally, while Pathé's UK distribution arm would handle distribution.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: "Resident Evil" was released on VHS and DVD by Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment on July 30, 2002 in the United States, April 14, 2003 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in the United Kingdom and October 2002 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment in Australia. It was a special edition release, with a number of documentaries including five featurettes, one of which explained the making of "Resident Evil", the film's score composition, costume design, set design, zombie make up tests, and the music video for a remixed version of "My Plague" by Slipknot.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: A Deluxe Edition was released on September 7, 2004, which included new special features such as an alternate ending with director Anderson's video introduction, a clip compilation for "", From Game to Screen featurette, a storyboarding "Resident Evil" featurette, and 6 other exclusive featurettes: The Creature, The Elevator, The Train, The Laser, Zombie Dogs and Zombies.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: Screen Gems released "Resident Evil: Resurrected Edition", a 2-disc package containing "Resident Evil" and "Resident Evil: Apocalypse", on September 4, 2007.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: On January 1, 2008, a Blu-ray of the "Resident Evil" trilogy was released. The film was also released on Ultra HD Blu-ray along with the five sequels on November 17, 2020.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: In the United Kingdom, it was watched by viewers on television during the first half of 2005, making it the eighth most-watched UK film on television during that period.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: The film opened in 2,528 theaters and grossed $17,707,106 on its opening weekend (March 15–17, 2002), ranking in second place behind "Ice Age". The film grossed $40,119,709 domestically and $103,787,401 worldwide.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 35% based on reviews from 131 critics and an average rating of 4.60/10. The consensus reads, "Like other video game adaptations, "Resident Evil" is loud, violent, formulaic, and cheesy." On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 33 out of 100 based on 24 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: Robert K. Elder from the "Chicago Tribune" thought the film "updates the zombie genre with an anti-corporate message while still scaring its audience and providing heart-pounding action". Owen Gleiberman from "Entertainment Weekly" noted: the film is as "impersonal in its relentlessness as the video-game series that inspired it".


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: "Resident Evil" and its sequel appeared on Roger Ebert's most hated films list, published in 2005. In his review, Ebert described it as a zombie movie set in the 21st century, where "large metallic objects make crashing noises just by being looked at", and criticized the dialogue for being a series of commands and explanations with no "small talk".


title: Resident Evil (film)

text: After commercial success at the box office, a sequel, "" (2004) was released. It was followed by "" (2007), "" (2010), "" (2012) and "" (2016). Anderson did not direct the second or third films due to filming commitments with "Alien vs. Predator" (2004) and "Death Race" (2008).


title: Lea Salonga

text: Maria Lea Carmen Imutan Salonga (; born February 22, 1971), known professionally as Lea Salonga, is a Filipino singer, actress, and columnist. Nicknamed "Pride of the Philippines," she is best known for her roles in musical theatre, for supplying the singing voices of two Disney Princesses (Jasmine and Mulan), and as a recording artist and television performer. Throughout her career, she has achieved numerous accolades and honors, becoming an internationally-recognized figure in music and entertainment.


title: Lea Salonga

text: At age eighteen, Salonga rose to international recognition when she originated the lead role of Kim in the musical "Miss Saigon" in the West End and won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical. She then reprised the role on Broadway, winning the Drama Desk Award, Outer Critics Circle Award, and Theatre World Awards before making history as the first Asian actress to win a Tony Award and the second-youngest actress to win for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical.


title: Lea Salonga

text: Salonga was the first actress of Asian descent to play the roles of Éponine and Fantine in the musical "Les Misérables" on Broadway. She also portrayed Éponine and Fantine in the musical's and concerts, respectively, in London. She provided the singing voices of two official Disney Princesses: Princess Jasmine in "Aladdin" (1992) and Fa Mulan in "Mulan" (1998) and "Mulan II" (2004). She was named a Disney Legend in 2011 for her work with The Walt Disney Company. Salonga starred as Wu Mei-Li in the 2002 Broadway revival of "Flower Drum Song". From 2015 to 2016, she returned to Broadway to portray Kei Kimura in "Allegiance", and from 2017 to 2019, she appeared as Erzulie in the Broadway revival of "Once on This Island".


title: Lea Salonga

text: Salonga has sold 19 million albums worldwide, making her one of the best-selling Southeast Asian artists of all time. Salonga was the first Filipino artist to sign with an international record label (Atlantic Records in 1993). In her career, she has performed for six Philippine presidents (Ferdinand Marcos, Corazon Aquino, Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Estrada, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and Benigno S. Aquino III), three American presidents (George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush), and for Diana, Princess of Wales and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. She has toured widely as a concert artist and has played numerous theatre, film, and television roles in North America, Europe, and Asia.


title: Lea Salonga

text: Aside from her career, Salonga is an active supporter of non-traditional casting, women's rights, reproductive rights, sex education, and LGBT rights.


title: Lea Salonga

text: Maria Lea Carmen Imutan Salonga was born on February 22, 1971, in the Ermita district of Manila, Philippines to Feliciano Genuino Salonga, a naval rear admiral and shipping company owner, and María Ligaya Alcántara, "née" Imutan of Pulupandan, Negros Occidental. She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before returning to Manila. As a child, Salonga sang at family parties before being encouraged by her cousin to audition for an upcoming production of "The King and I", where she made her professional debut.


title: Lea Salonga

text: While living in Angeles City, Salonga studied at the local Operation Brother Montessori Center (OBMC) campus. She later transferred to the campus in Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila to complete her secondary education, graduating as the class valedictorian in 1988. She later attended the University of the Philippines College of Music's extension program aimed at training musically talented children in music and stage movement. A college freshman studying biology at the Ateneo de Manila University when she auditioned for "Miss Saigon", she intended to have a medical career. In the early 2000s, in between jobs in New York, she took two courses, Philosophy and European History, at Fordham University's Lincoln Center campus.


title: Lea Salonga

text: As a child, Salonga began singing at family parties. Her cousin, who was active with Repertory Philippines, encouraged her to audition for a production of "The King and I", where she made her professional debut in 1978 at the age of seven. While performing with the company, she was trained by founders Baby Barredo and Zenaida “Bibot” Amador. She played the title role in "Annie" in 1980, later reprising the role in 1984, and appeared in other productions such as "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" (1978), "Fiddler on the Roof" (1978), "The Sound of Music" (1980), "The Rose Tattoo" (1980), "The Goodbye Girl" (1982), "Paper Moon" (1983) and "The Fantasticks" (1988).


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 1981, she recorded her first album, "Small Voice", which was certified gold in the Philippines. In 1985, she and her brother took part in the eighth Metro Manila Popular Music Festival as the interpreters for the song entry titled "Musika, Lata, Sipol at La La La," which was composed by Tess Concepcion.


title: Lea Salonga

text: During the 1980s, Salonga also had several television projects through GMA Radio-Television Arts, where she worked as a child actor. After the success of her first album, from 1983 to 1985, she hosted her musical television show, "Love, Lea" and was a member of the cast of German Moreno's teen variety show, "That's Entertainment". She acted in films, which included the family-oriented "Tropang Bulilit", "Like Father, Like Son", "Ninja Kids", "Captain Barbell", and "Pik Pak Boom". As a young performer, Salonga received a Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS) award nomination for Best Child Actress and three Aliw Awards for best child performer in 1980, 1981, and 1982. She released her second album, "Lea", in 1988.


title: Lea Salonga

text: She also opened for and performed with international acts such as Menudo and Stevie Wonder in their concerts in Manila in 1985 and 1988, respectively.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 1989, Salonga originated the leading role of Kim in the debut production of the musical "Miss Saigon" in London. Unable to find a strong enough East Asian actress/singer in the United Kingdom, the producers scoured many countries looking for the lead. For her initial Manila audition in 1988, the then 17-year-old Salonga chose to sing Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg's "On My Own" from "Les Misérables". Salonga has sometimes credited the song as the starting point of her international career. After hearing her rendition, she was asked if she had prepared another song to perform. Although she had not prepared another song for the audition, she chose to sing "The Greatest Love of All." She expected to perform a cappella, but when she walked to the piano in the room, she noticed that a previous auditionee had left sheet music for the song, which was in her key. At her first callback audition, Salonga was asked to sing "Sun and Moon" and "The Movie in My Mind," impressing the audition panel. In December 1988, Salonga appeared before the panel at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London to perform "I'd Give My Life For You" and "Too Much For One Heart."


title: Lea Salonga

text: After three days of intensive work sessions in London, Salonga was offered the lead role, while her childhood friend and fellow Repertory Philippines performer Monique Wilson was named her understudy and cast as the bar girl Mimi. During an episode of "Stars in the House" streamed on March 28, 2020, Salonga told Seth Rudetsky and his husband, producer James Wesley, that she found out that she was officially cast when she read the Sunday supplement of the "Daily Mail".


title: Lea Salonga

text: For her performance as Kim, Salonga won the 1990 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical, becoming one of the youngest winners of the award. On December 21, 1990, Salonga performed with the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra, Ateneo College Glee Club, and guest singer Robert Seña in a homecoming concert in Manila entitled "A Miss Called Lea", which was later broadcast on television. She also received a Presidential Award of Merit from President Corazon Aquino for her services to the arts.


title: Lea Salonga

text: When "Miss Saigon" opened on Broadway in 1991, she again played the role of Kim, winning the Drama Desk, Outer Critics Circle, and Theatre World awards and becoming the first actress of Asian descent to win a Tony Award. During the production transfer from West End to Broadway, a controversy erupted over Salonga's citizenship. The Actors' Equity Association (AEA) initially prevented her from reprising the role, wishing to give priority to Asian-American performers. However, Cameron Mackintosh claimed he could not find a satisfactory replacement for Salonga, and an arbitrator later reversed the AEA ruling. In 1993 and 1996, she returned to play Kim on Broadway. In 1999, she was invited back to London to close the West End production, and in 2001, at the age of 29 and after finishing the Manila run of the musical, Salonga returned to Broadway to close that production.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 1991, she was named one of "People" magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People. In 1992, she performed the singing voice of Princess Jasmine in Disney's animated film "Aladdin". Later that year, Salonga's agent submitted her to an audition for the leading role of Eliza Doolittle in the upcoming Broadway revival of "My Fair Lady". However, the casting director for the production refused to see her because of her race. Shortly after, Salonga was contacted by Cameron Mackintosh to join the Broadway production of "Les Misérables".


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 1993, Salonga played the role of Éponine in the Broadway production of "Les Misérables", becoming the first Asian actress to perform the role on Broadway. She performed the song "A Whole New World" from "Aladdin" with Brad Kane at the 65th Annual Academy Awards in Los Angeles, where the song won an Oscar, having already won a Golden Globe Award. That same year, she released her self-titled international debut album with Atlantic Records. In 1994, Salonga played in various musical theatre productions in the Philippines and Singapore, such as Sandy in "Grease", Eliza Doolittle in "My Fair Lady", and the Witch in "Into the Woods".


title: Lea Salonga

text: In the U.S. in 1995, Salonga played the role of Geri Riordan, an 18-year-old adopted Vietnamese American child in the Hallmark Hall of Fame TV movie "Redwood Curtain", which starred John Lithgow and Jeff Daniels. She then flew back to the Philippines to star with Filipino matinée idol Aga Muhlach in the critically acclaimed film "Sana Maulit Muli", which gave her a second Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS) award nomination, this time for Best Actress. She reprised the role of Éponine in the 10th-anniversary concert of "Les Misérables" at the Royal Albert Hall in London, which was recorded and later released as a film titled "".


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 1996, Salonga was again in "Les Misérables" as Éponine in the West End production of the musical. In September of that same year, she continued to perform the role at the Neal S. Blaisdell Concert Hall in Honolulu, Hawaii, during the musical's U.S. national tour.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In December 1996, Salonga represented the Philippines while performing at "ONE: The WTO Show", the closing ceremony for the inaugural World Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial conference held at the Suntec Singapore Convention and Exhibition Centre.


title: Lea Salonga

text: From 1997 to 2000, Salonga did recordings and concerts in the Philippines, another engagement in London, and a few returns to "Miss Saigon" in London and on Broadway. In 1997, she released "I'd Like to Teach The World to Sing" to gold sales in the Philippines. That recording was followed by "Lea... In Love" in 1998 and "By Heart" in 2000, both albums reaching multiple platinum status in the Philippines. In 1998, she again provided the singing voice for the title character in "Mulan" before later reprising the role in the 2004 sequel, "Mulan II". At age 28, Salonga moved to New York City, purchasing her own apartment (which she still owns up to at least 2013). She participated in the 1998 tribute concert to Cameron Mackintosh in London entitled "Hey, Mr. Producer!", where she performed numbers from several of his musicals. In December 1998, Salonga appeared in an international panel of performers, along with Iain Glen, Nicole Kidman, and Anna Manahan, for episode 277 of the American Theatre Wing’s documentary series, "Working in the Theatre." In the Philippines in 1999 and again in 2000, she played Sonia Walsk in "They're Playing Our Song". She also performed in four concerts: "The Homecoming Concert", "The Millennium Concert", "The Best of Manila", and "Songs from the Screen"–the last two being benefit shows. Salonga returned to Manila in "Miss Saigon", staged at the Cultural Center of the Philippines at the end of 2000.


title: Lea Salonga

text: After her final stint in "Miss Saigon" for its closing on Broadway in 2001, Salonga recreated the role of Lien Hughes, originally played by Ming-Na Wen, in the soap opera "As the World Turns". After completing her contract that year, she was asked to return to the role in 2003. She guested on Russell Watson's "The Voice" concert, narrated for the television special "My America: A Poetry Atlas of the United States", and appeared on the Season 8 Christmas episode of the television medical drama "ER", playing a patient with lymphoma.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 2002, Salonga returned to Broadway to play the leading role of Wu Mei-Li, a Chinese immigrant in a reinterpretation of Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Flower Drum Song" opposite Jose Llana. This was after the reinvented musical had a run at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles in 2001 with Salonga playing the role and in 2002 winning Lead Actress in a Musical from the Los Angeles theatre Ovation Awards. The Salonga-led Broadway revival cast album was nominated for a 2004 Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album. Salonga's performance was received positively by theatre critics in New York, and she received a nomination for "Distinguished Performance" from the Drama League, among other honors. In September 2002, she appeared on "Working in the Theatre" for a second time, along with John Cullum, Edie Falco, Stanley Tucci, Marissa Jaret Winokur, and Charlayne Woodard. Between the 2001 Los Angeles and 2002 Broadway productions of "Flower Drum Song", she performed in a non-musical theatrical production for the first time, playing the role of Catherine in the stage play "Proof" in Manila. This was followed by a major concert, "The Broadway Concert", at the Philippine International Convention Center. She also sang at the 56th Tony Awards with Harry Connick Jr., Peter Gallagher, and Michele Lee in a number paying tribute to Richard Rodgers.


title: Lea Salonga

text: From 2003 to 2004, Salonga did her first "all-Filipino" concerts in Manila called "Songs from Home", which later won her an Aliw Award as "Entertainer of the Year". In 2003, she performed in several concerts at the Mohegan Sun hotel in Connecticut. This was followed by a Christmas concert in the Philippines called "Home for Christmas" and performances at the Lenape Regional Performing Arts Center in Marlton, New Jersey, in 2004. Later in 2004, she played Lizzie in the Manila production of the musical "Baby", which earned her another nomination from the Aliw Awards.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 2005, Salonga gave her first U.S. concert tour. Later that year, on November 7, she performed to a sold-out crowd at Carnegie Hall for the benefit of Diverse City Theater Company. The same year, she received the Golden Artist Award at the 53rd FAMAS Awards in honor of her international achievements, performed during the grand opening of Hong Kong's Disneyland, and recorded two songs on Daniel Rodriguez's album "In the Presence". She also did voice work for Disney's English dub of Hayao Miyazaki's "My Neighbor Totoro" as Yasuko Kusakabe. Salonga wrote the foreword to Linda Marquart's "The Right Way to Sing" (2005). In 2006, at the 15th Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, Salonga concluded the closing ceremony with the song "Triumph of the One" before an audience of 50,000 people at Khalifa International Stadium.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 2007, Salonga released her first studio album in seven years called "Inspired", which was certified platinum in the Philippines. On August 14, 2007, she received the "Order of Lakandula", with the rank of Commander ("Komandante"), from Philippine President Gloria Arroyo in recognition of using her talents to benefit Philippine society and foster cultural exchange. She has also received the Congressional Medal of Achievement from the House of Representatives of the Philippines for showing "the extent and depth of the Filipino musical talent" and "opening the way for other Filipino artists to break into the finest theaters in the world."


title: Lea Salonga

text: In March 2007, Salonga returned to Broadway for another stint in the musical "Les Misérables", this time as Fantine. Her rejoining the show boosted the musical's ticket sales. President Arroyo watched Salonga in this role, with Filipino Americans Adam Jacobs as Marius and Ali Ewoldt as Cosette. Salonga received rave reviews and made it again to the short list of Broadway.com's Audience Award favorites as Best Replacement. During her tenure on Broadway that season, she appeared in Broadway on Broadway 2007 and Stars in the Alley 2007, spoke at the Broadway Artists Alliance Summer Intensives, guested on the Broadway musical "25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee", and participated in Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS' "12th Annual Nothing Like a Dame" event to benefit the women's health initiative of The Actors Fund. Right after doing "Les Misérables", she performed in two events: at the U.S. Military Academy Band's concert in West Point, where she sang four songs and an encore, and in her concert at the Tarrytown Music Hall in New York. She was then busy with other concerts and musical events, including a Christmas presentation in Manila.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 2008, Salonga gave concerts in the Philippines, California, Hawaii, Hong Kong, and Guam, On July 3, 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the "Philippine Daily Inquirer" with her column "Backstory" (Entertainment section), "Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer." Since then, she has written numerous columns for the "Inquirer". She performed in "Global Pop" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon, a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year, she received a special citation from the Awit Awards.From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Cinderella", which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances "Ocho-Ocho" and "Spaghetti." The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song "Bayan Ko" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of "Miss Saigon" by performing in concerts called "Lea Salonga... Your Songs" at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. In the same venue, Salonga received Gusi Peace Prize in November 2009.


title: Lea Salonga

text: From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Cats" at the Cultural Center of the Philippines. In October, she played Fantine during the , fifteen years after appearing in the 10th Anniversary as Eponine. The same year, she served as a celebrity judge for Avon Voices.


title: Lea Salonga

text: Salonga was honored as a Disney Legend on August 19, 2011. She was one of the judges in the Miss Universe 2011 pageant in São Paulo, Brazil on September 12, 2011. Salonga, along with Darren Criss, sang "A Whole New World" to its composer, Alan Menken, as Menken was named the winner of the 2011 Maestro Award at the Billboard/Hollywood Reporter Film & TV Music Conference on October 24, 2011.


title: Lea Salonga

text: Salonga performed in a six-concert series titled "The Magic of Broadway and Disney Favorites" in 2012 with the Palm Beach Pops. She starred in the first production of "Allegiance" at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego from September to October 2012. Salonga starred in the Philippine production of the comedy "God of Carnage" in July 2012 at the Carlos P. Romulo Auditorium, RCBC Plaza, Manila. She took on the same role at the DBS Arts Centre in Singapore in November 2012. Salonga joined the Candlelight Processional at Epcot in Walt Disney World as narrator on December 14 to 16, retelling the Christmas story accompanied by a 50-piece orchestra and a mass choir.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In January 2013, Salonga participated in Lincoln Center's American Songbook concert series at the Allen Room. In February in the Philippines, Salonga provided the theme song for TV5's reality singing competition "Kanta Pilipinas" and, together with Tyne Daly and Norm Lewis, she starred as Mother in a concert performance of "Ragtime" at Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall. Salonga headlined a concert series, "4 Stars One World of Broadway Musicals," in Tokyo Osaka in June, performing with Ramin Karimloo, Sierra Boggess, and Yu Shirota. She was one of the four coaches, together with apl.de.ap, Sarah Geronimo, and Bamboo Mañalac, for the ABS-CBN program, "The Voice of the Philippines", which premiered in June 2013. In December 2013, Salonga began her Lea Salonga: Playlist concert tour in the Philippines, which celebrated her 35 years in show business. The concert series was extended to January 2014. Salonga wrote a book, "Playlist: A Celebration of 35 Years", which she used as a souvenir program for the concerts.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 2014, she returned for the second season of "The Voice of the Philippines" and joined the new Philippine version of "The Voice Kids", on which she has appeared for three seasons. Salonga recorded a song titled "Wished That I Could Call You" that was included in the charity compilation album "Children In Need", released in March 2014. Also, in 2014 and 2015, she toured Asia and North America with Il Divo. In mid-2015, she performed a concert series in Australasia. Salonga reprised her role as Kei Kimura in the 2015–16 Broadway production of "Allegiance". In "The New York Times", Charles Isherwood wrote of her performance: "Her voice retains its plush beauty, and her culminating first act solo, 'Higher' ... is perhaps the show's musical highlight." Salonga guest-starred on the April 2016 season finale of the American television series "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend", playing Filipino-heritage character Josh's visiting aunt, a former Star Search contestant, in town for a wedding, at which she sings the episode's climactic Disney princess parody song, "One Indescribable Instant."


title: Lea Salonga

text: In Manila in November 2016, she appeared as Helen Bechdel in the international premiere of "Fun Home". A review in ABS-CBN News said that she "delivers a finely tuned performance, utilizing her prodigious stage presence to provide the cold and dark shadings to erstwhile peppy scenes with her subtle stares and held back emotions. ... [In] "Days by Days" ... she finally lets go of all the resentment and repressed anger of a woman stuck in a marriage built on a lie. Yet there is dignity in her breakdown ... Salonga pulls it off with such clarity, both musically and emotionally, that it's difficult not to be moved."


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 2016, Salonga won two more Aliw Awards, one for Best Major Concert in a Foreign Venue and her second Entertainer of the Year award. The following year, Salonga was one of the coaches on "The Voice Teens". Also in 2017, she released an album, "Bahaghari: Lea Salonga Sings Traditional Songs of the Philippines", with songs sung in several languages spoken in the Philippines. Salonga portrayed Erzulie in the 2017 Broadway revival of "Once on This Island" at Circle in the Square Theatre, where she received critical praise for her vocal performance. She returned to the show for its final performances in December 2018 and January 2019. "Once on this Island" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album.


title: Lea Salonga

text: Salonga appeared alongside Eva Noblezada, Dale Watson, and Princess Punzalan as a Philippine immigrant, Aunt Gail, in the musical film "Yellow Rose", which premiered at the 2019 Los Angeles Asian Pacific Film Festival. She also toured North America and the United Kingdom that year. Later in 2019, she played Mrs. Lovett in a revival of "" in Manila and then Singapore. Critics praised her "crystalline tones that turned her numbers, especially 'By the Sea,' into unexpected show-stoppers. ... [S]he disappears into this loud devil woman. This is by far the best musical theater outing of Salonga in the Philippines, post-"Miss Saigon", and the very long wait was well worth it," and called her portrayal "a delirious hurricane of deviousness and devilry, sprinkled with lust ... one of the most accomplished stage creations we've seen this year ... a career-high for the actress. Pangan [as Todd] simmers; Salonga is the explosive fire underneath." Between these two short runs, she gave concerts in Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane in November.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In March 2020, shortly after performing in Dubai, Salonga announced that her 2020 North American tour would be rescheduled due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2020, she announced that the tour would again be rescheduled to Fall 2021, but these dates were later rescheduled once more. During the pandemic, Salonga performed for several virtual global fundraising events and concerts. In August 2020, she released her single "Dream Again," a song of hope and persistence. On November 27, the PBS series "Great Performances" broadcast her 2019 concert at the Sydney Opera House, performed with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.


title: Lea Salonga

text: In 2021, Salonga voiced the Mysterious Woman in the Netflix series "Centaurworld". In September of the same year, she announced her Dream Again Tour, named after her 2020 single. One month later, she announced she would also be touring the United States and Canada. On December 25, 2021, Salonga returned to Dubai to perform a Christmas concert for Expo 2020 at the Dubai Exhibition Centre.


title: Lea Salonga

text: On April 6, 2022, Salonga began her Dream Again Tour in the United States and Canada. Following the completion of this tour, she performed the song "The Prayer" at the 2022 National Memorial Day Concert on the West Lawn of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., which was broadcast on PBS. On June 18, she continued her tour in the United Kingdom. In September 2022, Salonga began portraying Mama Soubirous in the Indie Theatrical workshop of the new musical "The" "Song" "of" "Bernadette" in Manhattan. In the same month, she was recognized by "TIME" magazine at the TIME100 Impact Awards for being a "life-long role model for children of color." On October 27, 2022, Salonga was featured on Pentatonix's cover of Jose Mari Chan's "Christmas In Our Hearts" in their Christmas album, "Holidays Around The World". On December 15, 16, and 17, 2022, Salonga performed with The Tabernacle Choir as the featured guest artist in a series of Christmas concerts at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City, Utah.


title: Lea Salonga

text: Salonga currently portrays Elodie Honrada, a recurring character in the critically acclaimed HBO Max series "", which has been renewed for a second season.