title: Japanese people

text: Article 10 of the Constitution of Japan defines the term "Japanese" based upon Japanese nationality. The concept of "ethnic groups" in Japanese census statistics differs from the concept applied in many other countries. For example, the United Kingdom Census queries the respondent's "ethnic or racial background", regardless of nationality. The Japanese Statistics Bureau, however, asks only about nationality in the census. The Government of Japan regards all naturalized Japanese citizens and native-born Japanese nationals with a multi-ethnic background as Japanese. There is no distinction based on ethnicity. There's no official ethnicity census data. Because the census equates nationality with ethnicity, its figures erroneously assume that naturalized Japanese citizens and Japanese nationals with multi-ethnic backgrounds are ethnically Japanese. John Lie, Eiji Oguma, and other scholars problematize the widespread belief that Japan is ethnically homogeneous, arguing that it is more accurate to describe Japan as a multiethnic society, although such claims have long been rejected by conservative elements of Japanese society such as former Japanese Prime Minister Tarō Asō, who once described Japan as being a nation of "one race, one civilization, one language and one culture". There is an increase of hāfu (half Japanese) people, but the amount is relatively small. Studies from e.g. 2015 estimate that 1 in 30 children born in Japan are born to interracial couples.


title: Japanese people

text: Emigration from Japan was recorded as early as the 15th century to the Philippines and Borneo, and in the 16th and 17th centuries, thousands of traders from Japan also migrated to the Philippines and assimilated into the local population. However, migration of Japanese people did not become a mass phenomenon until the Meiji era, when Japanese people began to go to Canada, the United States, the Philippines, China, Brazil, and Peru. There was also significant emigration to the territories of the Empire of Japan during the colonial period, but most of these emigrants and settlers repatriated to Japan after the end of World War II in Asia.


title: Japanese people

text: According to the Association of Nikkei and Japanese Abroad, there are about 2.5 million "nikkeijin" living in their adopted countries. The largest of these foreign communities are in the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Paraná. There are also significant cohesive Japanese communities in the Philippines, East Malaysia, Peru, the U.S. states of Hawaii, California, and Washington, and the Canadian cities of Vancouver and Toronto. Separately, the number of Japanese citizens living abroad is over one million according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Bouvet Island ( ; or "Bouvetøyen") is an island claimed by Norway, and declared an uninhabited protected nature reserve. It is a subantarctic volcanic island, situated in the South Atlantic Ocean at the southern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, making it the world's most remote island. It is not part of the southern region covered by the Antarctic Treaty System.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The island lies north of the Princess Astrid Coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, east of the South Sandwich Islands, south of Gough Island, and south-southwest of the coast of South Africa. It has an area of , 93 percent of which is covered by a glacier. The centre of the island is the ice-filled crater of an inactive volcano. Some skerries and one smaller island, Larsøya, lie along its coast. Nyrøysa, created by a rock slide in the late 1950s, is the only easy place to land and is the location of a weather station.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The island was first spotted on 1 January 1739 by the Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, during a French exploration mission in the South Atlantic with the ships "Aigle" and "Marie". They did not make landfall. He mislabeled the coordinates for the island, and it was not sighted again until 1808, when the British whaler James Lindsay encountered it and named it Lindsay Island. The first claim to have landed on the island was made by the American sailor Benjamin Morrell, although this claim is disputed. In 1825, the island was claimed for the British Crown by George Norris, who named it Liverpool Island. He also reported having sighted another island nearby, which he named Thompson Island, but this was later shown to be a phantom island.


title: Bouvet Island

text: In 1927, the first "Norvegia" expedition landed on the island, and claimed it for Norway. At that point, the island was given its current name of "Bouvet Island" ("Bouvetøya" in Norwegian). In 1930, following resolution of a dispute with the United Kingdom over claiming rights, it was declared a Norwegian dependency. In 1971, it was designated a nature reserve.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The island was discovered on by Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, commander of the French ships "Aigle" and "Marie". Bouvet, who was searching for a presumed large southern continent, spotted the island through the fog and named the cape he saw Cap de la Circoncision. He was not able to land and did not circumnavigate his discovery, thus not clarifying if it was an island or part of a continent.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The next expedition to spot the island was in 1808 by James Lindsay, captain of the Samuel Enderby & Sons' (SE&S) snow whaler "Swan". "Swan" and another Enderby whaler, were in company when they reached the island and recorded its position, though they were unable to land. Lindsay could confirm that the "cape" was indeed an island. The next expedition to arrive at the island was American Benjamin Morrell and his seal hunting ship "Wasp". Morrell, by his own account, found the island without difficulty (with "improbable ease", in the words of historian William Mills) before landing and hunting 196 seals. In his subsequent lengthy description, Morrell does not mention the island's most obvious physical feature: Its permanent ice cover.


title: Bouvet Island

text: On 10 December 1825, SE&S's George Norris, master of the "Sprightly", landed on the island, named it Liverpool Island and claimed it for the British Crown and George IV on 16 December. The next expedition to spot the island was Joseph Fuller and his ship "Francis Allyn" in 1893, but he was not able to land on the island. German Carl Chun's Valdivia Expedition arrived at the island in 1898. They were not able to land, but dredged the seabed for geological samples. They were also the first to accurately fix the island's position. At least three sealing vessels visited the island between 1822–1895. A voyage of exploration in 1927–1928 also took seal pelts.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Norris also spotted a second island in 1825, which he named Thompson Island, which he placed north-northeast of Liverpool Island. Thompson Island was also reported in 1893 by Fuller, but in 1898 Chun did not report seeing such an island, nor has anyone since. However, Thompson Island continued to appear on maps as late as 1943. A 1967 paper suggested that the island might have disappeared in an undetected volcanic eruption, but in 1997 it was discovered that the ocean is more than deep in the area.


title: Bouvet Island

text: In 1927, the First "Norvegia" Expedition, led by Harald Horntvedt and financed by Lars Christensen, was the first to make an extended stay on the island. Observations and surveying were conducted on the islands and oceanographic measurements performed in the sea around it. At Ny Sandefjord, a small hut was erected and, on 1 December, the Norwegian flag was hoisted and the island claimed for Norway. The annexation was established by a royal decree on 23 January 1928.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The claim was initially protested by the United Kingdom, on the basis of Norris's landing and annexation. However, the British position was weakened by Norris's sighting of two islands and the uncertainty as to whether he had been on Thompson or Liverpool (i.e. Bouvet) Island. Norris's positioning deviating from the correct location combined with the island's small size and lack of a natural harbour made the UK accept the Norwegian claim. This resulted in diplomatic negotiations between the two countries, and in November 1929, Britain renounced its claim to the island.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The Second "Norvegia" Expedition arrived in 1928 with the intent of establishing a staffed meteorological radio station, but a suitable location could not be found. By then both the flagpole and hut from the previous year had been washed away. The Third "Norvegia" Expedition, led by Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen, arrived the following year and built a new hut at Kapp Circoncision and on Larsøya. The expedition carried out aerial photography of the island and was the first Antarctic expedition to use aircraft. The "Dependency Act", passed by the Parliament of Norway on 27 February 1930, established Bouvet Island as a dependency, along with Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The eared seal was protected on and around the island in 1929 and in 1935 all seals around the island were protected.


title: Bouvet Island

text: In 1955, the South African frigate SAS "Transvaal" visited the island. Nyrøysa, a rock-strewn ice-free area, the largest such on Bouvet, was created sometime between 1955 and 1958, probably by a landslide. In 1964 the island was visited by the British naval ship HMS "Protector". One of "Protector"'s two Westland Whirlwind helicopters landed a small survey team on the island led by Lieutenant Commander Alan Crawford at Nyrøysa for a brief visit. Shortly after landing the survey team discovered an abandoned lifeboat in a small lagoon formed by the eruption. With very little time a brief search was made but no other signs of human activity were found and the identity of the lifeboat remained a mystery for many years. On 17 December 1971, the entire island and its territorial waters were protected as a nature reserve. A scientific landing was made in 1978, during which the underground temperature was measured to be . In addition to scientific surveys, the lifeboat found by the "Protector" team was recovered from Nyrøysa, although no other signs of people were found. The lifeboat was believed to belong to a Soviet scientific reconnaissance vessel.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The Vela Incident took place on 22 September 1979, on or above the sea between Bouvetøya and Prince Edward Islands, when the American Vela Hotel satellite 6911 registered an unexplained double flash. This observation has been variously interpreted as a meteor, or instrumentation glitch, but most independent assessments conclude it was an undeclared joint nuclear test carried out by South Africa and Israel.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Since the 1970s, the island has been visited frequently by Norwegian Antarctic expeditions. In 1977, an automated weather station was constructed, and for two months in 1978 and 1979 a staffed weather station was operated. In March 1985, a Norwegian expedition experienced sufficiently clear weather to allow the entire island to be photographed from the air, resulting in the first accurate map of the whole island, 247 years after its discovery. The Norwegian Polar Institute established a research station, made of shipping containers, at Nyrøysa in 1996. On 23 February 2006, the island experienced a magnitude 6.2 earthquake whose epicentre was about away, weakening the station's foundation and causing it to be blown to sea during a winter storm. In 2014, a new research station was sent from Tromsø in Norway, via Cape Town, to Bouvet. The new station is designed to house six people for periods of two to four months.


title: Bouvet Island

text: In the mid-1980s, Bouvetøya, Jan Mayen, and Svalbard were considered as locations for the new Norwegian International Ship Register, but the flag of convenience registry was ultimately established in Bergen, Norway, in 1987.


title: Bouvet Island

text: In 2007, the island was added to Norway's tentative list of nominations as a World Heritage Site as part of the transnational nomination of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Krill fishing in the Southern Ocean is subject to the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, which defines maximum catch quotas for a sustainable exploitation of Antarctic krill. Surveys conducted in 2000 showed high concentration of krill around Bouvetøya. In 2004, Aker BioMarine was awarded a concession to fish krill, and additional quotas were awarded from 2008 for a total catch of . There is a controversy as to whether the fisheries are sustainable, particularly in relation to krill being important food for whales. In 2009, Norway filed with the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to extend the outer limit of the continental shelf past surrounding the island.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The "Hanse Explorer" expedition ship visited Bouvet Island on 20 and 21 February 2012 as part of "Expédition pour le Futur". The expedition's goal was to land and climb the highest point on the island.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Bouvet Island is assigned the amateur radio callsign prefix 3Y0, and several amateur radio DX-peditions have been conducted to the island. the 3Y0J DX-pedition to Bouvet Island is planned for January 2023.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Bouvetøya is a volcanic island constituting the top of a shield volcano just off the Southwest Indian Ridge in the South Atlantic Ocean. The island measures and covers an area of , including a number of small rocks and skerries and one sizable island, Larsøya.


title: Bouvet Island

text: It is located in the Subantarctic, south of the Antarctic Convergence, which, by some definitions, would place the island in the Southern Ocean.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The closest land is Queen Maud Land of Antarctica, which is to the south, and Gough Island, to the north. The closest inhabited location is Tristan da Cunha island, to the northwest. To its west, the South Sandwich Islands lie about away, and to its east are the Prince Edward Islands, about away.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Nyrøysa is a terrace located on the north-west coast of the island. Created by a rock slide sometime between 1955 and 1957, it is the island's easiest access point. It is the site of the automatic weather station. The north-west corner is the peninsula of Kapp Circoncision. From there, east to Kapp Valdivia, the coast is known as Morgenstiernekysten.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Store Kari is an islet located east of the cape. From Kapp Valdivia, southeast to Kapp Lollo, on the east side of the island, the coast is known as Victoria Terrasse. From there to Kapp Fie at the southeastern corner, the coast is known as Mowinckelkysten. Svartstranda is a section of black sand which runs along the section from Kapp Meteor, south to Kapp Fie.


title: Bouvet Island

text: After rounding Kapp Fie, the coast along the south side is known as Vogtkysten. The westernmost part of it is the long shore of Sjøelefantstranda.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Off Catoodden, on the south-western corner, lies Larsøya, the only island of any size off Bouvetøya. The western coast from Catoodden north to Nyrøysa, is known as Esmarchkysten. Midway up the coast lies Norvegiaodden (Kapp Norvegia) and off it the skerries of Bennskjæra.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Ninety-three percent of the island is covered by glaciers, giving it a domed shape. The summit region of the island is Wilhelmplatået, slightly to the west of the island's center. The plateau is across and surrounded by several peaks. The tallest is Olavtoppen, above mean sea level (AMSL), followed by Lykketoppen ( AMSL) and Mosbytoppane ( AMSL). Below Wilhelmplatået is the main caldera responsible for creating the island. The last eruption took place 2000 BCE, producing a lava flow at Kapp Meteor. The volcano is presumed to be in a declining state. The temperature below the surface is .


title: Bouvet Island

text: The island's total coastline is . Landing on the island is very difficult, as it normally experiences high seas and features a steep coast. During the winter, it is surrounded by pack ice. The Bouvet Triple Junction is located west of Bouvet Island. It is a triple junction between the South American Plate, the African Plate and the Antarctic Plate, and of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Southwest Indian Ridge and the American–Antarctic Ridge.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The island is located south of the Antarctic Convergence, giving it a marine Antarctic climate dominated by heavy clouds and fog. It experiences a mean temperature of , with January average of and September average of . The monthly high mean temperatures fluctuate little through the year. The peak temperature of was recorded in March 1980, caused by intense sun radiation. Spot temperatures as high as have been recorded in sunny weather on rock faces. The island predominantly experiences a weak west wind. In spite of these severe climate conditions, Bouvet Island actually is located four degrees of latitude closer to the equator than the southernmost tip of Norway, which is located at 58°N. Its latitude – by analogy to Scandinavia – is instead similar to southern Denmark.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The harsh climate and ice-bound terrain limits non-animal life to fungi (ascomycetes including symbiotic lichens) and non-vascular plants (mosses and liverworts). The flora are representative for the maritime Antarctic and are phytogeographically similar to those of the South Sandwich Islands and South Shetland Islands. Vegetation is limited because of the ice cover, although snow algae are recorded. The remaining vegetation is located in snow-free areas such as nunatak ridges and other parts of the summit plateau, the coastal cliffs, capes and beaches. At Nyrøysa, five species of moss, six ascomycetes (including five lichens), and twenty algae have been recorded. Most snow-free areas are so steep and subject to frequent avalanches that only crustose lichens and algal formations are sustainable. There are six endemic ascomycetes, three of which are lichenized.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The island has been designated as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of its importance as a breeding ground for seabirds. In 1978–1979 there were an estimated 117,000 breeding penguins on the island, consisting of macaroni penguin and, to a lesser extent, chinstrap penguin and Adélie penguin, although these were only estimated to be 62,000 in 1989–1990. Nyrøysa is the most important colony for penguins, supplemented by Posadowskybreen, Kapp Circoncision, Norvegiaodden and across from Larsøya. Southern fulmar is by far the most common non-penguin bird with 100,000 individuals. Other breeding seabirds consist of Cape petrel, Antarctic prion, Wilson's storm petrel, black-bellied storm petrel, subantarctic skua, southern giant petrel, snow petrel, slender-billed prion and Antarctic tern. Kelp gull is thought to have bred on the island earlier. Non-breeding birds which can be found on the island include the king penguin, wandering albatross, black-browed albatross, Campbell albatross, Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross, sooty albatross, light-mantled albatross, northern giant petrel, Antarctic petrel, blue petrel, soft-plumaged petrel, Kerguelen petrel, white-headed petrel, fairy prion, white-chinned petrel, great shearwater, common diving petrel, south polar skua and parasitic jaeger.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The only non-bird vertebrates on the island are seals, specifically the southern elephant seal and Antarctic fur seal, which both breed on the island. In 1998–1999, there were 88 elephant seal pups and 13,000 fur seal pups at Nyrøysa. Southern right whale, humpback whale, fin whale, southern right whale dolphin, hourglass dolphin, and killer whale are seen in the surrounding waters.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Bouvetøya is one of three dependencies of Norway. Unlike Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land, which are subject to the Antarctic Treaty System, Bouvetøya is not disputed. The dependency status entails that the island is not part of the Kingdom of Norway, but is still under Norwegian sovereignty. This implies that the island can be ceded without violating the first article of the Constitution of Norway. Norwegian administration of the island is handled by the Polar Affairs Department of the Ministry of Justice and the Police, located in Oslo.


title: Bouvet Island

text: The annexation of the island is regulated by the Dependency Act of 24 March 1933. It establishes that Norwegian criminal law, private law and procedural law apply to the island, in addition to other laws that explicitly state they are valid on the island. It further establishes that all land belongs to the state, and prohibits the storage and detonation of nuclear products.


title: Bouvet Island

text: Bouvet Island has been designated with the ISO 3166-2 code and was subsequently awarded the country code top-level domain .bv on 21 August 1997. The domain is managed by Norid but is not in use.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Football Club Zenit ( ), also known as Zenit Saint Petersburg or simply Zenit, is a Russian professional football club based in Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925 (or in 1914, according to some Russian sources), the club plays in the Russian Premier League. Zenit are the reigning champions of the Russian Premier League. Previously they won the 2007, 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20 and the 2020–21 seasons of the Russian Premier League, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Cup and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The club is owned and sponsored by the Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom. The team play its home matches at the Gazprom Arena. In March 2022, the club was expelled from all European and international club competitions by FIFA and the UEFA due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In addition, the European Club Association suspended the team.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Zenit's history is tightly connected with the political history of Saint Petersburg, Russia (also called "Petrograd" and "Leningrad" at times in its history). In 1897, the first officially-recorded football match in Russia was held in Saint Petersburg on Vasilievsky Island, an unofficial game between the local English team "Ostrov" and the local Russian team "Petrograd," which the English team won, 6–0. The players of those local teams were amateurs and loosely associated with each other.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: The original Zenit team stemmed from several football teams, which changed names and owners many times during the Soviet era after the Revolution of 1917, as powerful political forces manipulated the careers of individual players as well as the fate of the whole team. The club was renamed several times and its owners and leaders were under political pressure for many decades. The origins of Zenit date back to the beginning of the 20th century to several predecessor teams in Saint Petersburg that were playing locally. The oldest documented predecessor of Zenit was the team "Murzinka," founded in 1914, which played in the "Obukhovsky" stadium from 1914 until 1924, when the team came to be known as "Bolshevik" (the new name for "Obukhovsky" industry and its stadium). The team and stadium survived the drama of World War I, the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, and the Russian Civil War of 1918 to 1922.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: In 1925, another predecessor team of Zenit was formed, of workers from the "Leningradsky Metallichesky Zavod" (Leningrad Metal Plant); they were called the "Stalinets" in the 1930s. ("Stalinets" translates literally to English as "Stalinist"; however, in Russian, the name is a play on words as "stal" means "steel" in that language.) Historians documented that both predecessor teams of Zenit were playing independently until their official merger at the end of 1939. The Stalinets were not the same team named Zenit that took part in the 1938 USSR championship. The current name of FC Zenit was registered in 1936 (as Bolshevik became part of the Zenit sports society and was renamed), three years before the Stalinets merged with it. The name "Zenit" means "Zenith".


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: In 1939, during the rule of Joseph Stalin, Leningradsky Metallichesky Zavod became part of the military industry and its sports teams, players, and managers were transferred to the Zenit sports society. FC Zenit was ordered to take in members of the "Stalinets" metallurgical workers' team after the end of the 1939 season.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Zenit won their first honours in 1944, claiming the war-time USSR Cup after defeating CSKA Moscow in the well-attended final. The club was always adored in Leningrad, but was not able to make much of a significant impact in the Soviet League. In 1967, Zenit finished last but were saved from relegation because the Soviet leadership decided it would not be prudent to relegate a Leningrad team during the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, which occurred in the city. Composer Dmitry Shostakovich and film star Kirill Lavrov were well known as ardent supporters of Zenit, a passion that is reflected in their attendance of many games. Zenit won the bronze medal in 1980, also reaching the Soviet Cup Final and winning the Soviet League title in 1984. In 1985, Zenit beat the Soviet Cup holder in the Soviet Super Cup (also called the Season Cup).


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: The LOMO optical plant took up the ownership of the team after the war. In 1990, FC Zenit were re-registered as an independent city-owned professional club. After being relegated in the first year of the Russian League (1992), Zenit returned to the top flight in 1996 and has been decent since. They claimed the 1999 Russian Cup, finished third in the League in 2001, made the Cup final in 2002, became the runners-up in the Premier League and won the Russian Premier League Cup in 2003.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: In December 2005, Gazprom took a controlling stake in the club. The deal was announced by Valentina Matviyenko, the Saint Petersburg governor. Gazprom bought the majority of the club.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Although Zenit reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup in 2006, a mediocre start to the league season led to the summer replacement of coach Vlastimil Petržela. In July 2006, Dick Advocaat took over as Zenit's manager. Advocaat worked together with his assistant manager, former Netherlands national youth team coach Cor Pot. Zenit won the 2007 Russian Premier League—their best league achievement since winning the USSR Championship in 1984—allowing them to compete in the group stage of the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: In 2008, Zenit won the Russian Super Cup and reached the quarter-final of the UEFA Cup for the second time in their history. In the first leg of the quarter-final away game against German side Bayer Leverkusen, the team achieved a 4–1 victory. They qualified for the semi-finals of the competition for the first time in their history, despite a 1–0 home loss to Leverkusen in the second leg, and were drawn to play further German opposition in the semi-final, Bayern Munich, considered the top team remaining. A battling performance in the first leg of the semi-final earned Zenit a 1–1 draw away against Bayern Munich. In the second leg at home, Zenit won 4–0, defeating Bayern 5–1 on aggregate and going through to the UEFA Cup Final for the first time in club history, where they met Scottish side Rangers at the City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester on 14 May. Zenit won 2–0, with goals from Igor Denisov in the 72nd minute and Konstantin Zyryanov in stoppage time, to lift the club's first-ever UEFA Cup. Andrey Arshavin was named man of the match.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: On 29 August 2008, at the Stade Louis II in Monaco, Zenit then defeated Manchester United 2–1 in the 2008 UEFA Super Cup, becoming the first Russian side to win the trophy. Pavel Pogrebnyak scored the first goal and Danny scored the second, the latter being named man of the match in his debut for Zenit.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: In the 2008–09 Champions League group stage, Zenit was grouped with Real Madrid, Juventus and BATE Borisov in Group H, which by some was marked as the "group of death." Zenit ultimately finished in third place in the group, behind Juventus and Real Madrid, and was thus unable to progress to the knockout phase of the competition. This position, however, was good enough to earn the club a place in the 2008–09 UEFA Cup last 32, where the team faced VfB Stuttgart for a place in the last 16 of the competition. After defeating Stuttgart on away goals, Zenit went on to lose 2–1 over two legs against Italian club Udinese.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Luciano Spalletti signed a contract with Zenit in December 2009, with Italian coaches Daniele Baldini, Marco Domenichini and Alberto Bartali also joining the Russian club. The Board of Zenit mandated him to return the Russian Premier League title to Zenit, win the Russian Cup and progress from the group stage of the Champions League in his first year.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Zenit won the Russian Cup on 16 May 2010 after beating Sibir Novosibirsk in the final (previously beating Volga Tver in the quarter-finals and Amkar Perm in the semi-finals). After 16 games in the 2010 Premier League, with 12 wins and four draws, Zenit claimed 40 points, setting a new Russian Premier League record for most points won at that stage of the campaign.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: On 25 August 2010, Zenit lost its first game under Spalletti to French side Auxerre and failed to advance to the Champions League group stage, instead participating in the Europa League. On 3 October, Zenit beat Spartak Nalchik to set another Russian Premier League record for most consecutive games going undefeated, with 21 games since the start of the league season. On 27 October, however, Zenit suffered its first defeat of the season at the hands of rival club Spartak Moscow, just seven games short of finishing the championship undefeated. On 14 November, Zenit defeated Rostov and two games prior to the end of the season won the championship title, the first in Spalletti's managerial career.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Zenit progressed through the knockout stage of the 2010–11 Europa League in first place, then beating Swiss side Young Boys in the Round of 16. On 6 March 2011, Zenit won against CSKA Moscow in the Russian Super Cup, the third Russian trophy won under Spalletti. On 17 March, however, Zenit were knocked out of the Europa League, losing to Dutch team Twente 2–3 on aggregate in the quarter-finals.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: In the 2011–12 Champions League, Zenit began the group stage drawn into Group G alongside Porto, Shakhtar Donetsk and APOEL. On 6 December 2011, the team finished the group stage in second place and for the first time in club's history qualified for the spring knockout phase of Champions League. In the Round of 16, Zenit were drawn with Portuguese side Benfica, winning the first leg 3–2 at home through two goals from Roman Shirokov and one from Sergei Semak. In the second leg in Lisbon, however, Zenit lost 2–0 and were thus eliminated from the competition.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: After a series of disappointing results in both the Champions League and the Premier League, Spalletti was fired on 11 March 2014. A week later, the club announced they had negotiated a two-year deal with André Villas-Boas, who himself had been released a few months prior after a disappointing stint as manager of English side Tottenham Hotspur. In the 2014–15 Europa League, Zenit were eliminated in the quarter-finals by eventual champions Sevilla. In May 2015, Zenit won the Russian Championship, the first championship title under Villas-Boas and the team's fifth-ever on the eve of its 90th anniversary celebration. Zenit then defeated Lokomotiv Moscow in the 2015 Russian Super Cup 1–1 (4–2 on penalties).


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Later in the 2015 calendar year, Villas-Boas said that he would be leaving the club after the 2015–16 season. In the 2015–16 Champions League, Zenit began the competition in the group stage. They were drawn in Group H alongside Valencia, Lyon and Gent. They ended the group stage with their best group stage finish ever, winning five out of six matches and emerging as group winners. They were, however, eliminated from the competition in the Round of 16 by Portuguese side Benfica.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: On 24 May 2016 Villas-Boas left the club at the end of the season, with Mircea Lucescu appointed the new manager of Zenit.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: During the 2016–17 Europa League, Zenit began the group stage drawn into Group D alongside Maccabi Tel Aviv, AZ Alkmaar and Dundalk. On 8 December 2016, the team finished the group stage in first place and qualified for the spring knockout phase of Europa League. In the round of 32, Zenit faced R.S.C. Anderlecht and was eliminated 3–3 on aggregate due to the away goals rule. In the league, Zenit's performances in the spring were disappointing and as such the club finished third and missed out on the Champions League for the second year in a row. Zenit was also eliminated in the round of 16 by FC Anzhi Makhachkala 0–4 on aggregate after an abysmal performance. The first (and last) season of Mircea Lucescu was a complete disappointment despite the expectations.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: On 1 June 2017 Zenit appointed Roberto Mancini as the new manager of the team. On 13 May 2018, Mancini terminated his contract by mutual consent.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: In May 2018, Mancini left to become the head coach of the Italy national football team. Sergey Semak became the new manager of Zenit, receiving a two-year contract.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: In August 2018, during the 1st leg of the 3rd qualification round of the UEFA Europa League, Zenit suffered a 0–4 loss to Dynamo Minsk. During the 2nd leg back on home ground, Zenit made a comeback winning 8–1, scoring 3 goals in the second half and 4 goals in the second half of the extra time, with 2 goals scored in the 120th minute. Zenit went on to beat Molde FK 4–3 on aggregate in the next round, entering the group stage of 2018-19 UEFA Europa League.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: In March 2020, the league was forced to halt due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. Zenit secured another title on 5 July 2020 after a victory over FC Krasnodar, with 4 games left to play in the tournament.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: On 2 May 2021, Zenit secured their third title in a row in a 6–1 victory over second-place FC Lokomotiv Moscow. Zenit opened the 2021–22 season with a seventh win in the Russian Super Cup after a 3–0 win over Lokomotiv Moscow, but without major key players who left the club like Yuri Zhirkov, Andrei Lunev, and Sebastián Driussi.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, former Ukrainian international Yaroslav Rakitskiy made a pro-Ukrainian post on Instagram and severed his contract with the team. FIFA and the UEFA indefinitely suspended the team from their competitions. In addition, the European Club Association suspended the team.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: On 30 April 2022, Zenit secured their fourth title in a row and eighth overall. Many of Zenit's foreign players have not been able to leave Russia, unable to secure moves away from Russian clubs, due to western sanctions placed upon the country as a result of Russia's war with Ukraine.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Zenit's home ground is now the 67,800-capacity Krestovsky Stadium, known as Gazprom Arena for sponsorship reasons, in Saint Petersburg. Petrovsky Stadium used to be the home ground of the team before the new Krestovsky Stadium was built. Before moving to the Petrovsky Stadium, Zenit's home ground was the Kirov Stadium. It stood on the site where the Krestovsky Stadium was later erected.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Zenit's reserve squad played professionally as Zenit-2 (Russian Second League in 1993, Russian Second Division from 1998 to 2000) and Zenit-d (Russian Third League from 1994 to 1997). Another team that was founded as Lokomotiv-Zenit-2 played as Zenit-2 in the Russian Second Division from 2001 to 2008. By 2008, there was no relation between that team and FC Zenit. Another farm club called FC Smena-Zenit debuted in the Russian Second Division in 2009, taking the spot of the former FC Zenit-2. FC Smena-Zenit was dissolved after the 2009 season because it did not fulfill Zenit's initial expectations. Zenit-2 reentered professional football in the 2013–14 season in the Russian Professional Football League.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for Zenit.


title: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: Zenit's traditional rivals are the big Moscow clubs, most notably FC Spartak Moscow, CSKA Moscow, FC Dynamo Moscow and FC Torpedo Moscow. They also shared rivalries with the big Ukrainian clubs FC Dynamo Kyiv and FC Shakhtar Donetsk in the Soviet era.


title: Chino Moreno

text: Chino Moreno (born Camillo Wong Moreno, June 20, 1973) is an American musician who is best known as the lead vocalist, primary lyricist and contributing guitarist of the metal band Deftones. He is also a member of the side-project groups Team Sleep, Crosses, and Palms.


title: Chino Moreno

text: Moreno is known for his dramatic tenor voice and distinctive screams. In 2007, he was placed at number 51 in "Hit Parader"s "Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time".


title: Chino Moreno

text: Moreno was born in Sacramento, California, the second of five children. His mother is of Mexican and Chinese descent and his father is Mexican. The nickname "Chino" is the Spanish-language term for Chinese people, shortened from "Chinito" (little Chinese one), a moniker "given to him as a kid by his uncles because he looked predominantly Asian, when most Mexicans are mestizo."


title: Chino Moreno

text: He grew up in the Oak Park area and attended McClatchy High School, where he met Abe Cunningham and Stephen Carpenter, with whom he founded Deftones in 1988. Before becoming a professional musician, Moreno had a day job at Tower Records' shipping department.


title: Chino Moreno

text: Moreno currently resides in Lake Oswego, Oregon with his second wife, Risa Mora-Moreno. They are married since 2012. Moreno was previously married to Celeste Schroeder from 1997 to 2006 with whom he had two children.


title: Chino Moreno

text: Circa 1988, Moreno started jamming regularly with his high-school friends Abe Cunningham and Stephen Carpenter, leading to the formation of Deftones. Within two years, the group started playing club shows. They were signed to Maverick Records after one of their representatives saw them play in Los Angeles. Their first commercially released album was "Adrenaline" (1995), produced by Terry Date. While the album wasn't an instant success, extensive touring, word-of-mouth, and Internet promotion built the band a dedicated fan base, as well as helping "Adrenaline" to sell over 220,000 copies without the singles "7 Words" and "Bored" (as well as their music videos) receiving any airplay. For 1997's "Around the Fur", the band expanded its sound, spending more time with Date, and giving more thought to the album's production. The record was highly anticipated and propelled Deftones to fame in the alternative metal scene on the strength of radio and MTV airplay for the singles "My Own Summer (Shove It)" and "Be Quiet and Drive (Far Away)".


title: Chino Moreno

text: "White Pony" was released in 2000 to critical acclaim and unprecedented commercial success. Frank Delgado had become a full-time band member, adding new elements to the band's music, while Moreno himself contributed guitar lines in addition to vocals. With influences of new wave, dream pop, and trip hop, the album is considered a turning point for the band in terms of experimentation. Singles "Change (In the House of Flies)" and "Digital Bath" supported the album's release. A single entitled "Back to School (Mini Maggit)" was released as a rap-influenced reinterpretation of "White Pony's" closing track, "Pink Maggit". While commercially successful and a fan favourite, the band have previously strongly objected to its publication, although it is unclear whether this is still the case. "White Pony" was subsequently re-released with "Back to School (Mini Maggit)" as the album's opening track. For the song "Elite", Deftones received the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance.


title: Chino Moreno

text: In 2001, Moreno developed a throat injury due to heavy screaming and was forced to miss at least four shows. He suffered inflammation on his right vocal cord and partial paralysis of the left vocal cord. During the rest of their supporting tour, bassist Chi Cheng took over vocal duties that required screaming while Moreno sang the softer melodies of the lyrics, despite recommendations by doctors to hold off from singing to allow time for recovery as well as rumors that the band would be cancelling the remaining stretch of the tour with Godsmack and Puddle of Mudd.


title: Chino Moreno

text: The eponymous "Deftones" was released in 2003, and saw the band being praised for the heavy album's progression and originality in the midst of declining creativity in contemporary metal. Moreno was quoted as saying, "It's all on record. We told motherfuckers not to lump us in with nu metal because when those bands go down we aren't going to be with them." "B-Sides & Rarities" saw release in 2005, bringing together unreleased and obscure material accrued since 1995. 2006's "Saturday Night Wrist" was completed after a protracted and tumultuous recording process, nearly leading to Moreno's departure from Deftones. Later he said it had been "a seriously unhealthy experience" and he "wasn't sure if [he] was going to return" at the time the band was on a self-imposed hiatus. After eventually finishing the album in early 2006, Moreno claimed it to be more of a compromise between all of the members' influences, ranging from their brutal and brooding heavy signature seen on "Adrenaline" and "Around the Fur" to the more experimental sound heard on "White Pony" and "Deftones". However, the band saw a significant decrease on the album's first week sales compared to their two previous releases.


title: Chino Moreno

text: Deftones were working on an upcoming album with the working title "Eros", when bassist Chi Cheng was severely injured in a car accident in November 2008, remaining in a minimally conscious state and later a partially conscious state up until his death in April 2013. In 2009, the group had recruited Sergio Vega for his replacement and announced an indefinite delay of "Eros", stating "... we realized that this record doesn't best encompass and represent who we are currently as people and as musicians." With Vega, the group began work on a new album, "Diamond Eyes", which was released on May 4, 2010. It saw the release of the popular singles "Rocket Skates", "You've Seen the Butcher" and "Diamond Eyes". In November 2012, Deftones released their seventh studio album, titled "Koi No Yokan". "Leathers", "Tempest" and "Swerve City" came out as its singles. 2016 saw the release of their eighth studio album "Gore". In 2020 Deftones released their ninth studio album, called "Ohms", which garnered significant critical praise.


title: Chino Moreno

text: During the making of Deftones' "White Pony", Moreno began work on a side project, Team Sleep. The group released their self-titled debut album in May 2005.


title: Chino Moreno

text: In March 2011, Moreno stated to be working on a new side project known as Crosses, featuring Far guitarist Shaun Lopez and Chuck Doom. Moreno described the project as "minimal and soothing, and it's sort of like the stuff I like listening to when I'm not screaming my head off." Their debut self-titled EP was released on August 2, 2011. "EP 2" appeared the next year.


title: Chino Moreno

text: In April 2012 it was announced that Moreno had joined former Isis members Jeff Caxide, Aaron Harris and Bryant Clifford Meyer in a side project by the name of Palms. Their first album was released on June 25, 2013.


title: Chino Moreno

text: In April 2016 Moreno teamed up with guitarist Dr. Know of Bad Brains, drummer Mackie Jayson (Bad Brains, Cro-Mags); jazz keyboardist John Medeski of Medeski, Martin, and Wood; and bassist Chuck Doom (Team Sleep, Crosses) to form the supergroup Saudade. They released their first single through BitTorrent Bundle on April 28, 2016.


title: Chino Moreno

text: Moreno has also made a number of guest appearances on numerous younger groups' songs, such as "Bender" by Sevendust, "Paralytic" by Dead Poetic, "Vengeance Is Mine" by Droid, "Caviar" by Dance Gavin Dance, "Surrender Your Sons" by Norma Jean, and "Reprogrammed to Hate" by Whitechapel. In 2009, Moreno recorded a song with Thirty Seconds to Mars to appear on their album "This Is War", but was not finished. On May 2, 2010, he performed "The Kill" with 30 Seconds to Mars.


title: Chino Moreno

text: In June 2016 the Secret Solstice music festival announced that Moreno would perform at Thrihnukagigur in what will be the first ever public concert inside the magma chamber of a volcano.


title: Chino Moreno

text: The biggest vocal influences on Moreno include Faith No More's Mike Patton, Bad Brains's H.R., The Smiths's Morrissey and Prince. His musical influences consist of a wide range of styles and genres, including the electronic bands Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), Depeche Mode, Thompson Twins and the Human League. Other inspirations include The Cure, Bad Brains, PJ Harvey, The Smiths, My Bloody Valentine, Cocteau Twins, Public Enemy, Duran Duran, The Smashing Pumpkins, Portishead, Helmet, Jawbox, Faith No More, Slayer, Hum, Kool Keith, Alice in Chains, Tool, Girls Against Boys, Jane's Addiction and Weezer. For "Revolver" he selected five non-metal records that influenced him: The Cure's "Pornography", Helium's "No Guitars", Mogwai's "EP+2", My Bloody Valentine's "Loveless" and The Smashing Pumpkins' "Siamese Dream". He also made a list of his thirteen favourite albums for "The Quietus", containing "Small Craft on a Milk Sea" by Brian Eno, "Sunset Mission" by Bohren und der Club of Gore, Fever Ray's self-titled album, "Venus Luxure No.1 Baby" by Girls Against Boys, "Turn on the Bright Lights" by Interpol, "You'd Prefer an Astronaut" by Hum, "Saturdays = Youth" by M83, "Black Noise" by Pantha du Prince, "Love Deluxe" by Sade, "Talkie Walkie" by Air, "Born to Mack" by Too Short, "The Blue Moods of Spain" by Spain and "Standards" by Tortoise.


title: Chino Moreno

text: In an August 1998 interview with "Spin", Moreno stated "I was one of those kids who thought heavy metal was devil music. I can't say I'm really a metal fan or a hip hop fan, cause there's so many crappy bands out there. I just like a little bit of everything. I think other people are starting to think that way too." Regarding the influence of female artists such as PJ Harvey, Moreno said he was aware that people considered him to be gay, adding, "I really love girly stuff."


title: Chino Moreno

text: In relation to his often ambiguous yet image-heavy poetic lyrics, he said, "[Sometimes] my lyrics don't deal with specific topics. I write down on paper the feelings of the moment, it's not easy to explain the contents of the lyrics or give a logical sense to the words. What I write is also a reaction to the music we make, so the Deftones' sound is not pop, it doesn't communicate happy feelings. Paradoxically my favorite songs of the album talk about love, in a clearly different view."


title: Chino Moreno

text: Moreno also featured in the low-budget video for the song "Carpe Diem" by fellow Sacramento hardcore act Will Haven. In 2007, he produced their album "The Hierophant."


title: Kenya Kinski-Jones

text: Kenya Julia Niambi Sarah Jones (born February 9, 1993), known professionally as Kenya Kinski-Jones, is an American fashion model.


title: Kenya Kinski-Jones

text: Jones was born in Los Angeles, California to American musician Quincy Jones and German actress Nastassja Kinski (née Nakszynski). She has two maternal half-siblings and 6 paternal half-siblings including actresses Rashida and Kidada Jones, and producer Quincy Jones III. Jones has been a vegetarian since she was 8 years old.


title: Kenya Kinski-Jones

text: Jones was discovered by fashion photographer Bruce Weber, who shot her first modeling job in "Vogue España". She started her career at Ford Models. Her first runway show was for Chanel. She has done campaigns for Calvin Klein, Stella McCartney, Nasty Gal, and Ermanno Scervino. Jones has appeared in editorials for "Vogue", "Harper's Bazaar", "Nylon", "Teen Vogue", "V", "Glamour", and "L'Officiel".


title: Kenya Kinski-Jones

text: Jones has been in a relationship with American actor Will Peltz, a son of the businessman Nelson Peltz, since 2011.


title: Sara bint Mashour Al Saud

text: Sara bint Mashour Al Saud () is a member of the Saudi royal family. She is the granddaughter of King Abdulaziz. She is married to her cousin, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, son and heir of King Salman.


title: Sara bint Mashour Al Saud

text: Sara bint Mashour is the daughter of Mashour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and Noura bint Mohammed Saud Al Kabir. Her father is the son of King Abdulaziz and Nouf bint Nawaf bin Nuri Al Shaalan. Her mother, Noura, is the daughter of Mohammed bin Saud Al Kabir and granddaughter of Noura bint Abdul Rahman Al Saud and Saud Al Kabir.


title: Sara bint Mashour Al Saud

text: Princess Sara married Prince Mohammed on 6 April 2008. They have five children, three boys and two girls: Prince Salman, Prince Mashour, Princess Fahda, Princess Noura and Prince Abdulaziz (born April 2021).


title: Sara bint Mashour Al Saud

text: The first four were named after their grandparents, and the fifth one is named after his great-grandfather King Abdulaziz, the founder of Saudi Arabia.


title: Sara bint Mashour Al Saud

text: According to Ali al-Ahmed of Institute for Gulf Affairs, based on the anonymous sources from the Al Saud family it was reported that Princess Sara had been subject to domestic violence since the early days of her marriage. Similar allegations were also mentioned in the book entitled "Saudi Bodyguard" by Mark Young who had worked for the family.


title: Nancy Dow

text: Nancy Maryanne Dow (July 22, 1936 – May 25, 2016) was an American actress who appeared in a small number of films and television shows. She was married to actor John Aniston with whom she had a daughter, Jennifer Aniston.


title: Nancy Dow

text: Dow was born in West Hartford, Connecticut, one of six daughters of Louise (née Grieco) and Gordon McLean Dow. Her maternal grandfather, Louis Grieco, was an Italian immigrant; her other ancestry included English, Scottish and Irish. Dow had five sisters: Linda, Martha, Sally, Joan and Jean.


title: Nancy Dow

text: Dow was an actress, model and author. Dow acted in a few television shows, including "The Beverly Hillbillies", where she played Athena in one episode.


title: Nancy Dow

text: Dow was also married to John T. "Jack" Melick Jr., a pianist-bandleader who was based in Dallas from 1956 to 1961. The couple had one son, John T. Melick III (born 1959), an assistant director and second-unit director.


title: Nancy Dow

text: Dow and her daughter Jennifer were estranged for six years, partially because Dow wrote a book about their relationship, entitled "From Mother and Daughter to Friends: A Memoir" (1999). In 2005, after Aniston's divorce from Brad Pitt, she and her mother reportedly reconciled. Aniston described the gradual progress of her new relationship with her mother: "It's been really nice. It's crazy what, you know, your life kind of being turned upside down will lead you to. ... For us it's ... It was the time and it was going to happen when it was supposed to happen. So this is good. It's baby steps."


title: Nancy Dow

text: In 2011 and 2012, Dow had several strokes, which affected her ability to speak and walk. On the morning of May 25, 2016, she was taken by ambulance from her home in Toluca Lake, Los Angeles. She died two days later at 79 years old.


title: Wood Harris

text: Sherwin David "Wood" Harris (born October 17, 1969) is an American actor. He has portrayed the drug kingpin Avon Barksdale on the HBO crime drama "The Wire", cocaine dealer Ace in "Paid in Full" and high school football player Julius Campbell in the 2000 film "Remember the Titans". He is also known for playing Brooke Payne on the BET miniseries "The New Edition Story" in 2017. From 2016 to 2017, he played Barry Fouray on VH1 miniseries "The Breaks". Most recently, Harris portrayed Damon Cross on the Fox series "Empire" for its fifth and final sixth season. Currently, Wood Harris is starring as drug lord "Pat" in the Starz series "BMF" alongside Demetrius Flenory Jr. and his older brother, Steve Harris.


title: Wood Harris

text: Harris was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of seamstress Mattie and bus driver John Harris. He was given the nickname "Wood" by friends in his neighborhood, because "Sherwin" was too difficult for some to pronounce. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in Theater Arts from Northern Illinois University (NIU) and a Master of Arts from New York University. He is the younger brother of actor Steve Harris.


title: Wood Harris

text: While enrolled in NIU, Harris starred in his first major film role in the basketball drama "Above the Rim", opposite Duane Martin and co-starring Tupac Shakur, and appeared in many theatrical stage productions of various off-Broadway plays. Harris subsequently guest-starred in a variety of television and film venues before portraying legendary rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix in Showtime's 2000 film, "Hendrix".


title: Wood Harris

text: Later that year, Harris received his first NAACP Image Award nomination for "Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture" along with the Blockbuster Movie Award nomination for "Favorite Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture" for his role as Julius "Big Ju" Campbell in "Remember the Titans". In 2002, he starred in the Dame Dash produced cult-classic film "Paid in Full", based on the true story of three Harlem drug dealers with Harris playing the real-life kingpin Azie Faison.


title: Wood Harris

text: He starred as Avon Barksdale, loosely based on the real-life Nathan Barksdale, in the first three seasons of HBO's original series "The Wire", as well as one episode in the fifth season. He also produced his own debut album, "Beautiful Wonderful", which was intended for release in 2005.


title: Wood Harris

text: In June 2008, director Martin Guigui revealed that Harris was cast as Nate "Sweetwater" Clifton in "Sweetwater", a movie about the first black player in the NBA. , it is still in pre-production.


title: Wood Harris

text: In 2009, Harris starred in the film "Just Another Day", as a successful fictional rapper named A-maze. The film centers on a clash between a young up-and-coming rapper and an older one at the top of his game, the former played by Jamie Hector (whose character Marlo Stanfield had a similar role with respect to Harris's character in "The Wire").


title: Wood Harris

text: In 2012, Harris narrated the ESPN 30 for 30 film "Benji". In the same year he also played Harold "Mitch" Mitchell in the Broadway revival of "A Streetcar Named Desire" by Tennessee Williams; alongside Blair Underwood, Nicole Ari Parker, and Daphne Rubin-Vega.


title: Wood Harris

text: In 2015, he reunited with "The Wire" cast member Michael B. Jordan for "Creed", the latest installment of the "Rocky" franchise, reprising the role in its sequel.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: Secretary is a 2002 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Steven Shainberg and written by Erin Cressida Wilson, based on the short story "Secretary" by Mary Gaitskill. Starring Maggie Gyllenhaal and James Spader, the film explores the intense relationship between a dominant lawyer and his submissive secretary, who indulge in various types of BDSM activity such as erotic spanking and Petplay.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: Lee Holloway, the socially awkward and emotionally sensitive youngest daughter of a dysfunctional family, adjusts to normal life after having been committed to a mental hospital following an incident of dangerous self-harm. She learns to type and applies for a job as a secretary for an eccentric yet demanding attorney, E. Edward Grey. Grey explains she is overqualified for the job (having scored higher than anyone he has ever interviewed) and that it is "very dull work" as they only use typewriters; Lee, however, agrees to work under these conditions.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: Though at first Grey appears to be highly irritated by Lee's typos and other mistakes, it soon becomes apparent that he is sexually aroused by her obedient behavior. When Grey discovers her propensity for self-harm, he confronts her and commands that she never hurt herself again. Soon the two embark on a BDSM relationship from their typical employer-employee relationship. However, Lee experiences a sexual and personal awakening through the sadomasochistic sexual encounters with Grey, and she falls deeply in love with him. Conversely, Grey displays insecurity concerning his feelings for Lee, as well as shame and disgust over his sexual habits. During this period of exploration with Grey, Lee has also been attempting to have a more conventional boyfriend in Peter, even engaging in lukewarm sex with him. After a sexual encounter in Grey's office, Grey fires Lee.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: Peter then proposes to Lee, who reluctantly agrees to marry him. However, while trying on her wedding gown, she leaves and runs to Grey's office to declare her love for him. Grey, still uncertain about their relationship, tests Lee by commanding her to sit in his chair without moving her hands or feet until he returns. Lee willingly complies, despite being forced to wet her dress since she is not allowed to use the toilet. Hours pass, as several family members and acquaintances individually visit Lee to alternately attempt to dissuade or encourage her while Grey watches from afar, completely taken by Lee's compliance. Her refusal to leave the office draws the attention of the media, which they believe to be a hunger strike. Three days later, Grey returns to the office and takes Lee to a room upstairs where he bathes and feeds her. The pair marry and happily continue their dominant–submissive relationship.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: Many changes were made from Mary Gaitskill's original short story, which was significantly expanded and given greater depth to be made into a feature-length film. Lines of dialogue were changed; Lee's statement "I'm so stupid" became the fantasy-sequence cry "I'm your secretary", which the director thought far more "celebratory". Additionally, the ending of the story was changed to give a more positive outcome to the relationship. Steven Shainberg stated that he wished to show that BDSM relationships can be normal and was inspired by the film "My Beautiful Laundrette", which he feels normalized gay relationships for audiences in the 1980s.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: A central component to the film, the office spaces of Edward and Lee, took form after two years of planning by Shainberg and production designer Amy Danger, who had collaborated with Shainberg on several projects. The desire to have the office feel homemade and express Edward's interest in the growing of plants led Danger to juxtapose a natural decor in the office with a predominantly artificial outside world. Speaking of her choices, Danger compares the office with the rest of the film's locations: "All the materials I used [in the office] were natural: natural wood, bamboo, ironwork ... If I wasn't using natural materials, it was natural colors, like [in] the botanical wallpaper." In contrast, "everything [in the larger world] was fake ... I covered Lee's house in plastic sheeting, and used artificial, manufactured colors."


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: Although the interior sets were carefully constructed, the filmmakers did face some location-related challenges. Notably, in one instance the filmmakers accidentally obtained shooting rights for the wrong park. Gyllenhaal encouraged them to hastily shoot the required park scene anyway, without permission, while crew members distracted the local police.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: Speaking about "Secretary"s tone and atmosphere, Danger says "With this S&M material, we could go into a dark place... Steve and I wanted the total opposite: that the nature of this relationship freed [the characters] to be their natural selves." Because of this atmosphere, Danger says "Everybody kept saying, 'When are we going back to the office?' It was funny, because the rooms weren't any smaller in the house, and it wasn't any more difficult to shoot. It was because you wanted to be in that space."


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: The film was initially screened at several 2002 film festivals and had its domestic theatrical release on September 20, 2002, and in various foreign markets in 2003 and 2004.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: The film's region 1 DVD was released on April 1, 2003. In the UK, a version by Tartan Video was released on January 5, 2004, followed by a budget edition by Prism Leisure on February 7, 2005. A UK Blu-ray Disc release was scheduled for September 13, 2010.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: Special editions of the DVD include the film's trailer and TV spots, cast and director interviews, a behind-the-scenes documentary, cast and director "Curricula Vitae" and an audio commentary by director Steven Shainberg and writer Erin Cressida Wilson.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 78% "Fresh" based on 157 reviews, with an average rating of 6.80/10. The site's consensus states: "Maggie Gyllenhaal impresses in this romantic comedy with a kinky twist." Many critics noted the film's original take on themes of sadomasochism, with Roger Ebert saying that the film "approaches the tricky subject ... with a stealthy tread, avoiding the dangers of making it either too offensive, or too funny". Ain't It Cool News commented: "Perhaps there is something bold about saying that pain can bring healing as long as it's applied by the right hand, but even that seems obvious and even normal thanks to Gyllenhaal."


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: "Secretary" was nominated for a number of awards and won several, with numerous wins for Maggie Gyllenhaal's breakthrough performance.


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: The film's soundtrack album was released on CD on October 8, 2002, with an MP3 download version released on July 11, 2006. The soundtrack album contains Angelo Badalamenti's score as well as two songs that were notably featured over erotic montages in the film: Leonard Cohen's "I'm Your Man" and Lizzie West's "Chariots Rise".


title: Secretary (2002 film)

text: The song "Chariots Rise" was changed slightly for the film, with the lyric "what a fool am I, to fall so in love" changed to ""what grace have I", to fall so in love".


title: Marie Osmond

text: Olive Marie Osmond (born October 13, 1959) is an American singer, actress, television host, and a member of the show business family the Osmonds. Although she was never part of her family's singing group, she gained success as a country and pop music artist and television variety show cohost and in the 1970s and 1980s. Her best known song is a remake of the country pop ballad "Paper Roses". From 1976 to 1979, she and her singer brother Donny Osmond hosted the television variety show "Donny & Marie".


title: Marie Osmond

text: Olive Marie Osmond was born in Ogden, Utah, the eighth of nine children (and the only daughter) born to Olive May (née Davis; 1925–2004) and George Virl Osmond (1917–2007). She was raised as a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Her brothers are Virl, Tom, Alan, Wayne, Merrill, Jay, Donny, and Jimmy Osmond. From an early age, her brothers maintained a career in show business, singing and performing on national television. Osmond debuted as part of her brothers' act the Osmond Brothers on "The Andy Williams Show" when she was three, but generally did not perform with her brothers in the group's television performances through the 1960s.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Marie was initially one of only two siblings (out of nine) in the Osmond family who was not involved in the music industry; Tom Osmond, who was totally deaf, was the other. (In addition to the original four Osmond Brothers, Donny and Jimmy, hearing-impaired oldest brother Virl Osmond worked behind the scenes on dance routines.) After the initial success of the Osmonds in 1970, Donny gained success as a solo artist on the popular music charts and became a teen idol. The Osmonds' mother persuaded Marie to record an album and she signed with the family's label MGM/Kolob Records and began making concert appearances with her brothers. As her brothers by 1972 were playing rock music, Marie's music aimed toward a niche market the Osmond family had not yet targeted: country music.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1973, her debut single, "Paper Roses", reached the Number One spot on two Billboard charts, a feat that not only placed her among an elite class of music royalty, but also instantly catapulted her into international superstardom. Marie earned a gold record for both the "Paper Roses" single and album, was nominated for two Grammy awards, and became the youngest female country artist with a #1 debut song (a record she still holds today, 49 years later.) She released another single, "In My Little Corner of the World", and an album with the same title in 1974, both entering the "Billboard" country Top 40 in 1974. The title song on her next album, "Who's Sorry Now", released in 1975, went to No. 40. Additionally in 1974, Osmond had two pop music duet hits with Donny: "I'm Leaving It All Up to You" and "Morning Side of the Mountain". The former song was a Top 20 country hit, with both songs reaching the Top 10 of the pop charts. Another


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1977, Osmond released her fourth studio album, titled "This Is the Way That I Feel". This was much different from her earlier covers of country artist hits, and went in more of a pop direction. This album included songs that were written for her as well as songs that were written by the Bee Gees. Only two singles were released from the album.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1984, Osmond released a single on RCA Records titled "Who's Counting". The single peaked at No. 82 on "Billboard"s Hot Country Singles. The single did receive a significant amount of airplay for a few weeks.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Osmond made a comeback in country music as a solo artist by signing a joint deal with Capitol Records and Curb Records, reuniting her with Mike Curb who was the major factor in the family's success in the early 1970s. In 1985, she recorded her first studio album in nearly seven years, "There's No Stopping Your Heart". This album had four singles released from it, with two reaching the number 1 position on the country charts. The songs mainly focused on the more-popular Countrypolitan style. The successful pairing with Dan Seals created a number 1 hit on the country charts titled "Meet Me in Montana". The follow-up single was the title track, "There's No Stopping Your Heart", which also reached the number 1 position in early 1986. The final single, "Read My Lips", went on to become a top 10 hit.


title: Marie Osmond

text: The followup album in 1986 was titled "I Only Wanted You". Osmond hit number 1 again with a duet with Paul Davis titled "You're Still New to Me". The second single released was the title track "I Only Wanted You", which landed in the top 20. Two additional singles, "Everybody's Crazy 'Bout My Baby" and "Cry Just a Little", did not have the same success.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1988, Osmond released the album "All in Love", and "Steppin' Stone" in 1989. Both albums failed to garner any success on the "Billboard" charts due to the changing styles of country music; Neotraditionalism was coming to the forefront at the expense of country pop acts such as the Osmonds. By 1991, further changes in the country music industry would effectively end her career as a significant recording artist. "Steppin' Stone" would be her last country album of the 1980s.


title: Marie Osmond

text: in 1990, she did a song and a music video called "Get Closer", also known as "First Look" or "Gotta Get a Little Closer", to promote the premiere of children's television two-hour syndication block The Disney Afternoon.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In November 2010, she released the album titled "I Can Do This" that was full of balladry and highlighted her multi-octave voice in the song "Pie Jesu". The album contained 14 songs and all of the proceeds were donated to the Children's Miracle Network Hospitals.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Osmond's latest work, "Music Is Medicine", was announced through a social media campaign in late 2015. The online retailer Amazon.com along with Apple's iTunes and the brick and mortar giant Walmart made the album available on April 15, 2016, in both CD and digital format. An Amazon-only release of an autographed vinyl pressing was made available on November 18, 2016. This was Osmond's first new album in five years. The album was produced by Jason Deere, with whom she had worked in the past. Additional guest artists are Marty Roe, Olivia Newton-John, Sisqó, John Rich and Alex Boyé. The album was released through Osmond's own label Oliveme LLC.


title: Marie Osmond

text: "Billboard" Top Country Albums for the week of May 7, 2016, listed "Music Is Medicine" as a new entry in the number 10 position, marking the first return to the country charts for Osmond since the late 1980s.


title: Marie Osmond

text: On March 27, 2016, a video for the song "Then There's You" was released on the internet video site Vevo; it received almost 200,000 views in less than 48 hours. On April 13, 2016, the video for the title track was also released on Vevo; it was filmed with patients from Children's Miracle Hospitals.


title: Marie Osmond

text: One song that was recorded featuring the country group Diamond Rio and titled "More You" and an additional song titled "Got Me Cuz He Gets Me" disappeared on the release date, making the total song count 10 instead of the 12 originally listed. Amazon posted a product alert stating "This track list is incorrect. While we work to update it, please refer to the digital track list." As of the release date, it was unclear whether these two tracks will become available at a later time.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Originally announced while co-hosting "The Talk" and simultaneously on her social media, Marie said she was working on a new operatic album. In an article in "People" magazine on August 26, 2021, the album titled "Unexpected", along with the official release date, was announced as December 10, 2021, with pre-orders available starting August 27, 2021. She has performed opera on a previous Christmas album, on Broadway, and during her Vegas residency. Released December 10, 2021, "Unexpected" debuted at Number One on the Billboard Classical Crossover chart, spent 24 weeks in the Top 10, and is available in vinyl and cd format, as well as through multiple streaming services. Marie continues to tour the US performing to sold out crowds, influencing countless audiences and touching the hearts of multiple generations through her live performances.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1975, Marie Osmond and brother Donny hosted a special variety show which was later picked up mid-season as a weekly variety show and began airing in 1976 as "Donny & Marie", and ran on ABC until 1978 before it was renamed "The Osmond Family Hour" in 1979. Osmond's first made-for-TV movie was "The Gift of Love" which originally aired on ABC on December 5, 1978. The movie was loosely based on the O. Henry story "The Gift of the Magi". Her co-star in the movie was Timothy Bottoms and she received her first on-screen kiss in this movie. The following year, Osmond starred in a sitcom pilot titled "Marie" which did not make the new season schedule. In 1980 she had her own variety show on NBC, also titled "Marie", which only ran for half a season.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Marie had a minor role in the 1982 made-for-TV movie "Rooster" playing Sister Mae Davis. The following year she starred in the television movie "I Married Wyatt Earp" playing the wife of Earp, Josephine 'Josie' Marcus. In 1984 Osmond voiced two animated characters, The Nursery Magic Fairy/Velveteen Rabbit in "The Velveteen Rabbit" and Rose Petal in the TV short titled "Rose Petal Place" and later in the TV movie "Rose Petal Place: Real Friends". Osmond then had a recurring role for two seasons as co-host with Jack Palance on ABC's documentary series "Ripley's Believe It or Not!" in 1985–86, replacing Palance's daughter Holly. She introduced and narrated segments based on the travels and discoveries of oddity-hunter Robert Ripley. Following that, the singer played her mother, Olive, in the television movie "Side by Side: The True Story of the Osmond Family". The film was produced by her younger brother, Jimmy Osmond.


title: Marie Osmond

text: She returned to television in the 1995 ABC sitcom "Maybe This Time" playing Julia Wallace, a divorced single mother. The cast included Betty White who played her Mother and a young Ashley Johnson who played her daughter. The series was set in a coffee shop showcasing the three women in everyday life. In 1998 she voiced the character of the Queen in "Buster & Chauncey's Silent Night".


title: Marie Osmond

text: Osmond and her brother hosted a syndicated 60-minute talk show for three seasons from September 1998 to May 2000 called "Donny & Marie". The show was produced by Dick Clark and featured news, commentary on current events, and guests from the world of entertainment, as well as segments highlighting the duo's talents. In 2006, she was a judge on the short-lived Fox celeb reality show competition "Celebrity Duets", produced by Simon Cowell. The same year it was reported by "Entertainment Tonight" magazine that Osmond would join the cast of "The Bold and the Beautiful", the long-running CBS daytime soap opera, but she never appeared.


title: Marie Osmond

text: On October 1, 2012, she debuted a variety show, "Marie", to a record-breaking 320,000 viewers on Hallmark Channel. This was the first time she held the production title of executive producer, and they had a run of 150 episodes. Later the show went into reruns on the Reelz Channel before it was canceled in 2013. From 2013 to 2019, Osmond was a regular fill-in on the CBS daytime show "The Talk" in over 90 episodes whenever a regular host was out. In May 2019, rumors were confirmed that for the show's tenth season, Osmond would join the panel full-time replacing Sara Gilbert when she departed at the end of season nine.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Marie made her debut on "The Talk" on September 9, 2019, during the season 10 premier as she joined Eve, Sheryl Underwood, Sharon Osbourne and Carrie Ann Inaba. She gave a statement to "USA Today" on September 3, 2020, that she would leave "The Talk" after one season to focus on other work, including several projects she was developing with producer John Redmann, Lifetime Christmas movies, her album "Unexpected", and to spend more time with her husband, children, and grandchildren. .


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 2004, Osmond had a radio show syndicated to adult contemporary radio stations, "Marie and Friends", that was canceled after 10 months.


title: Marie Osmond

text: On October 6, 1978, Marie appeared with her brother Donny Osmond in the film "Goin' Coconuts" (originally titled "Aloha Donny & Marie"), which was not a financial success. On December 8, 1978, Marie starred in the made-for-TV film "The Gift of Love" opposite Timothy Bottoms. The film was based on the short story "The Gift of The Magi" by O. Henry. On August 19, 1982, Marie appeared in the made-for-TV film "Rooster" as Sister Mae Davis. The comedy film starred Paul Williams and Pat McCormick. On April 26, 1982, Marie starred in the made-for-TV film "Side by Side: The True Story of the Osmond Family". Marie portrayed her mother, Olive Davis. On January 10, 1983, Marie starred in the made-for-TV film "I Married Wyatt Earp" as Josephine 'Josie' Marcus opposite Bruce Boxleitner as Wyatt Earp and Alison Arngrim as Amy. On October 26, 2019, Marie co-starred in the made-for-TV romantic Christmas comedy "The Road Home for Christmas" as Cassie. This film was shot around her schedule for "The Talk". In 2020 she starred as Melanie in the Lifetime movie, "The Christmas Edition," and in 2021, as Margaret in "A Fiancé for Christmas."


title: Marie Osmond

text: During the mid-1990s Osmond had a successful run performing Broadway musicals. She appeared as the lead actress playing Anna Leonowens along with Kevin Gray (as the King of Siam) in the 1994–95 production of "The King and I", and in 1997, she starred in Rodgers and Hammerstein's "The Sound of Music" as Maria. The production sold out in many major cities and received glowing reviews from critics.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Marie and Donny produced a holiday musical called "Donny & Marie – A Broadway Christmas", which was originally scheduled to play on Broadway at the Marquis Theatre from December 9 to 19, 2010. The show was then extended until December 30, 2010, and again to January 2, 2011.


title: Marie Osmond

text: The Christmas show was so successful that it was turned into a touring production and was a yearly event in several cities across the US .


title: Marie Osmond

text: This book focuses on the milestones and missteps in Osmond's life. It was published on April 1, 2009, and was co-authored by Marcia Wilkie.


title: Marie Osmond

text: This book was published on April 2, 2013, with the subtitle "My Mother's Wisdom, A Daughter's Gratitude". It focuses on the values of her mother and was co-authored by Marcia Wilkie.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Marie began providing a Sunday Message via her Facebook page and Instagram several years ago. Since its inception it has grown in popularity and has become an inspiration to her many followers. Each message provides wisdom from lessons learned throughout her life.


title: Marie Osmond

text: From September 9, 2008, to November 16, 2019, the brother and sister act was the headliner in the 750-seat showroom at the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada." Donny & Marie", a 90-minute variety show that was originally scheduled for a six-week run, continued for eleven years with the last performance on November 16, 2019. A total of 1730 performances, most of any singing act in Vegas history. Osmond and the show earned three of the "Las Vegas Review-Journal"s Best of Las Vegas Awards in 2012 including "Best Show", "Best All-Around Performer" (Donny & Marie), and "Best Singer". The throwback-style Vegas showroom was updated in 2014 and renamed the Donny and Marie Showroom. The singing siblings were backed by eight dancers and a nine-piece band. The format on the show began with Donny and Marie singing together at the beginning and end of the show, with solo segments in between. On the final performance they ended the show with the traditional singing of "May Tomorrow Be a Perfect Day" followed by saying "Goodnight everybody." Several celebrities attended the final show to include Debbie Gibson and Marie's co-hosts of "The Talk".


title: Marie Osmond

text: On August 29, 2007, it was announced that Osmond would appear as a celebrity contestant on the fifth season of the ABC show, paired with Jonathan Roberts, 2004 US Rising Star Latin Champion. On November 27, 2007, Osmond came in third place on the fifth season of "Dancing with the Stars". She fainted after her performance in the fifth week, stating, "I forgot to breathe."


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1991, Osmond debuted her doll line on QVC. While QVC continues to be a primary source of distribution for her dolls, Osmond also carries her line in retail stores, through Internet sales in the United States and worldwide, and direct response. Her first sculpture, a toddler doll she created and named for her mother, "Olive May", set a collectible record on QVC. Since then, Osmond has sculpted several dolls, including "Remember Me", "Baby Adora Belle", "Kissy and Huggs" and her hallmark doll "Adora Belle". In 2009, Osmond debuted her dolls on the Shopping Channel in Canada. In 2009, a 16" vinyl Fashion Doll of Marie Osmond "Grand Finale Fashion" was debuted at Osmond's 50th birthday party in Las Vegas. Osmond's doll collection has garnered numerous award nominations, including "Trendsetter of the Year" and "Dolls" magazine's "Awards of Excellence".


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 2006, Osmond launched an embroidery machine line, a sewing machine line and embroidery designs through Bernina. She has been featured on the cover of "Designs in Machine Embroidery".


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 2010, Osmond published a book of handcrafted project designs, "Marie Osmond's Heartfelt Giving: Sew and Quilt for Family and Friends", (Martingale & Company). The book contained step-by-step instructions for more than 20 projects, all designed by Osmond. Projects include her "Paper Roses" quilt, bags, aprons, and gifts for babies, teens, friends and pets. The book also features several childhood photos.


title: Marie Osmond

text: With the success of the 2010-11 Broadway Christmas show, both Marie and Donny took it on the road in 2012 and 2013. The 2013 show was sold out in most of the cities where it played and consisted of two 75-minute segments with a brief intermission. Many of the dancers from the Las Vegas show were also used during this tour and incorporated several of the Vegas songs and videos, while adding Christmas classics and costumes.


title: Marie Osmond

text: The Vegas show was moved to Caesars Atlantic City for a residency in August 2014. The same backup dancers and band were used along with most of the Vegas wardrobe and set list with some tailoring for the New Jersey audience. The show ran August 8–21, 2014.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Along with actor John Schneider, Osmond co-founded the non-profit organization Children's Miracle Network on August 11, 1983. CMN is dedicated to saving and improving the lives of children by raising funds for children's hospitals in North America. As of 2019 CMNH has raised more than US$8 billion which is distributed directly to a network of 170 hospitals.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1977 Marie partnered with Kmart to sell a skin care package and a personalized fragrance targeted to young female fans. The skin care line contained a cleanser, rinse and moisturizer and the fragrance was advertised as healthy but delicate.


title: Marie Osmond

text: From 1978 to 1982, Marie and her brother Donny did several commercial spots for Hawaiian Punch as advertising spokespeople.


title: Marie Osmond

text: During the 2003 Super Bowl Osmond, along with her brother Donny appeared in a commercial for Pepsi. The Pepsi Twist advertisement was a parody of Ozzy Osbourne's son and daughter turning into the famous Osmond siblings during a dream.


title: Marie Osmond

text: For the past 15 years, Marie has partnered with Nutrisystem to promote a healthy lifestyle. In 2015-16, Marie and her husband Steve appeared on QVC with a home workout product, the Body Gym.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Osmond promoted a line of emergency food storage solutions for Wise Foods. She signed on in September 2013 as the company spokesperson using her likeness on the company website and TV commercials. As of 2016, there is no longer any reference to her on the company's website.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In January 2018 Marie became the strategic advisor and owner of MD Complete, a line of skincare regimens available online and in national retail big box stores.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In the summer of 2020 Marie became the spokesperson for Publishers Clearing House (PCH), a direct marketing company in television advertisements, online and direct to consumer mailers.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1976, Karl Engemann began managing the recording careers of Donny Osmond, Marie Osmond, the Osmond Brothers and Jimmy Osmond. In 1979 he was appointed personal manager in various career stages of all the Osmond entities, and finally just Marie Osmond. In December 2009, he parted company with Marie. Marie is currently managed by Greg and Darla Sperry of Sperry Development.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Before marrying, she was engaged in May 1979 to Jeff Crayton, an acting student, but in July of that year they broke their engagement. During an episode of "Watch What Happens Live" in January 2019 she told host Andy Cohen that she briefly dated Erik Estrada. She also dated the singer Andy Gibb around the same time.


title: Marie Osmond

text: Osmond's first marriage was to Stephen Lyle Craig, a Brigham Young University basketball player, on June 26, 1982. Their only child, Stephen James Craig, was born in 1983. The two divorced in October 1985.


title: Marie Osmond

text: On October 28, 1986, Osmond married Brian Blosil at the Jordan River Temple in Utah. Osmond and Blosil had two children, Rachael and Matthew. They also adopted five children: Jessica, Michael, Brandon, Brianna and Abigail. Osmond and Blosil announced their imminent divorce in March 2007. Both parties released a joint statement stating that neither one assigned fault for the divorce.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1999, Osmond said that she suffered from severe postpartum depression. She co-authored a book called "Behind the Smile" with Marcia Wilkie and Dr. Judith Moore which chronicles her experiences with the illness. In August 2006, several U.S. tabloids suggested that she had attempted suicide. Those reports were denied by her publicity team, which claimed she had suffered an adverse reaction to a medication she was taking.


title: Marie Osmond

text: On February 26, 2010, Osmond and Blosil's adoptive son Michael took his own life by jumping from the eighth floor of his apartment building in Los Angeles. He reportedly battled depression and addiction and had been in rehabilitation at the age of 12. An autopsy found no drugs in his system.


title: Marie Osmond

text: On May 4, 2011, Osmond remarried her first husband, Stephen Craig in a small ceremony in the Las Vegas Nevada Temple wearing her dress from the 1982 wedding. The couple remarried a few months before attending their son's wedding


title: Marie Osmond

text: In March 2020 she stated that she will leave her fortune to charity upon her death stating that it would be a disservice to her children to leave the money to them noting that they need to make their own money.


title: Marie Osmond

text: In 1976, Donny and Marie Osmond received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council members Ray Charles and Cloris Leachman.


title: Marie Osmond

text: 2018 Awarded "The Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service" by 4-Star General Bob Brown, US Army Pacific (representing Secretary of Defense James Mattis).


title: Marie Osmond

text: On October 4, 2019, Marie, along with her brother Donny were honored by the Las Vegas Walk of Stars and received a star on the famous Las Vegas strip. October 4 is now officially known as Donny & Marie day in Las Vegas.


title: Shades of green

text: Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.


title: Shades of green

text: The color defined as "green" in the RGB color model is the brightest green that can be reproduced on a computer screen, and is the color named "green" in X11. It is one of the three primary colors used in the RGB color space along with red and blue. The three additive primaries in the RGB color system are the three colors of light chosen such as to provide the maximum range of colors that are capable of being represented on a computer or television set.


title: Shades of green

text: This color is also called "regular green". It is at precisely 120 degrees on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel (). Its complementary color is magenta.


title: Shades of green

text: HTML/CSS uses the name "lime" for this color, using "green" to refer to a darker shade. See the chart Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS in the X11 color names article to see those colors which are different in HTML and X11.


title: Shades of green

text: Green takes up a large portion of the CIE chromaticity diagram because it is in the central area of human color perception.


title: Shades of green

text: The color defined as "green" in HTML/CSS color standard is the color called green, low green, or medium green in many of the older eight-bit computer palettes.


title: Shades of green

text: "Harlequin" is a color described as being located between green and yellow (closer to green than to yellow) on the color wheel. On color plate 17 in the 1930 book "A Dictionary of Color" (see reference below), the color "harlequin" is shown as being a highly saturated rich color at a position halfway between chartreuse and green. Thus in modern color terminology, harlequin is the color halfway between green and chartreuse green on the RGB color wheel.


title: Shades of green

text: Harlequin is a pure spectral color at approximately 552 nanometers on the visible spectrum when plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram.


title: Shades of green

text: "Harlequin" is also an adjective used to describe something that is colored in a pattern, usually a diamond-shaped pattern, as in the dress traditionally associated with harlequins. Similarly, it can mean anything multicolored or prismatic, such as opals or other precious gems which are highly variegated in color and hue. In the early 2000s, a harlequin color paint was invented for automobiles that appears different colors from different angles of view.


title: Shades of green

text: The color defined as "green" in the CMYK color system used in printing, also known as "pigment green", is the tone of green that is achieved by mixing process (printer's) cyan and process (printer's) yellow in equal proportions.


title: Shades of green

text: The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of color reproducible in printing.


title: Shades of green

text: The color displayed is an approximation of the CMYK color on an RGB screen, and cannot replicate the color accurately.


title: Shades of green

text: The color defined as "green" in the NCS or Natural Color System is NCS 2060-G. The natural color system is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision.


title: Shades of green

text: The Munsell color system (Munsell 5G) includes a color defined as "green". The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (color purity), spaced uniformly in three dimensions in the elongated oval at an angle shaped Munsell color solid according to the logarithmic scale which governs human perception. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five primary colors—red, yellow, green, blue, and purple. The Munsell colors displayed are only approximate as they have been adjusted to fit into the sRGB gamut.


title: Shades of green

text: The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color # green C, EC, HC, PC, U, or UP—green.


title: Shades of green

text: Green is common in nature, especially in plants. Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis. Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants. Due to varying ratios of chlorophylls (and different amounts as well as other plant pigments being present), the plant kingdom exhibits many shades of green in both hue (true color) and value (lightness/darkness). The chlorophylls in living plants have distinctive green colors, while dried or cooked portions of plants are different shades of green due to the chlorophyll molecules losing their inner magnesium ion.


title: Shades of green

text: Forest green refers to a green color said to resemble the color of the trees and other plants in a forest.


title: Shades of green

text: Kelly green is an intense, pure green named after the common Irish family name, Kelly. It evokes the lush green Irish meadows and is also commonly associated with St. Patrick’s Day.


title: Shades of green

text: The first use of "mantis" as a color name in English was when it was included as one of the colors on the Xona.com color list, promulgated in 2001.


title: Shades of green

text: Mint green is a pale tint of green that resembles the color of mint green pigment, and was a popular color in the 1990s.


title: Shades of green

text: Sap green is a green-looking pigment that was traditionally made of ripe buckthorn berries. However, modern colors marketed under this name are usually a blend of other pigments, commonly with a basis of Phthalocyanine Green G. It is one of the greens used in "The Joy of Painting".


title: Shades of green

text: Tea green is a light shade of green. It is a representation of the color of brewed green tea, i.e., the color of the hot green tea after the green tea leaves have been brewed in boiling water.


title: Shades of green

text: Emerald, also called "emerald green", is a tone of green that is particularly light and bright, with a faint bluish cast. The name derives from the typical appearance of the emerald gemstone.


title: Shades of green

text: Ireland is sometimes referred to as the "Emerald Isle" due to its lush greenery. The May birthstone is emerald. Seattle is sometimes referred to as the "Emerald City", because its abundant rainfall creates lush vegetation. In the Middle Ages, "The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus" was believed to contain the secrets of alchemy. "Emerald City", from the story of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", by L. Frank Baum, is a city where everything from food to people are emerald green. However, it is revealed at the end of the story that everything in the city is normal colored, but the glasses everyone wears are emerald tinted. The Green Zone in Baghdad is sometimes ironically and cynically referred to as the "Emerald City". The "Emerald Buddha" is a figurine of the sitting Buddha, made of green jade (rather than emerald), clothed in gold, and about 45 cm tall. It is kept in the "Chapel of the Emerald Buddha" (Wat Phra Kaew) on the grounds of the Grand Palace in Bangkok. The Emerald Triangle refers to the three counties of Mendocino, Humboldt, and Trinity in Northern California, United States because these three counties are the biggest marijuana producing counties in California and also the US. A county-commissioned study reports pot accounts for up to two-thirds of the economy of Mendocino. "Emerald Cities: Urban Sustainability and Economic Development" is a book published in 2010 by Joan Fitzgerald, director of the law, policy and society program at Northeastern University, about ecologically sustainable city planning.


title: Shades of green

text: Emerald was invented in Germany in 1814. By taking acetic acid, mixing and boiling it with vinegar, and then by adding some arsenic, a bright blue-green hue was formed.


title: Shades of green

text: The for emerald are identical to the color Paris green, which is the name introduced in England during the 19th century to market the dye that resulted from using the toxic inorganic compound created in Germany. It was notorious for causing deaths due to it being a popular color used for wallpaper. Victorian women used this bright color for dresses, and florists used it on fake flowers.


title: Shades of green

text: The color green earth is also known as "terre verte" and "Verona green". It is an inorganic pigment derived from the minerals celadonite and glauconite.


title: Shades of green

text: Hooker's green is a dark green color created by mixing Prussian blue and gamboge. Hooker's green takes its name from botanical artist William Hooker (1779–1832) who first created it particularly for illustrating leaves.


title: Shades of green

text: Jade, also called "jade green", is a representation of the color of the gemstone called jade, although the stone itself varies widely in hue.


title: Shades of green

text: Malachite, also called "malachite green", is a color that is a representation of the color of the mineral malachite.


title: Shades of green

text: The first recorded use of "malachite green" as a color name in English was in the 1200s (exact year uncertain).


title: Shades of green

text: Celadon is a pale greyish shade of green, or rather a range of such shades. Celadon originates as a term for a class of Chinese ceramics, copied by Korea and Japan. However, the name, which is European, may originate from the character Celadon in "L'Astrée", a French pastoral novel of 1627, who wore a light green color.


title: Shades of green

text: Celadon glazes were very common, with the green color being reliably produced from about the tenth century onwards; this was appreciated in Asia for resembling jade, the most prestigious material of all. The glaze color comes from iron oxide's transformation from ferric to ferrous iron (FeO → FeO) during the firing process, but is affected by a wide range of other factors and chemicals, making the precise color very difficult to control. As well as green, a wide range of browns, yellows, greys and sometimes blues all count as "celadon".