title: Mississauga

text: Civic Square has completed its restructuring project using federal stimulus money, which features a permanent stage, a larger ice rink (which also serves as a fountain and wading pool during the summer season), media screens, and a permanent restaurant. It officially reopened at 22 June 2011 and has since been renamed as Mississauga Celebration Square. More events have been added such as holding free outdoor live concerts, and live telecast of UEFA European Football Championship. The square also holds weekly programming such as fitness classes, amphitheatre performances and movie nights during the summer, children's activities during spring and fall, and skate parties during the winter. The opening of the square has also allowed the city to hold its first annual New Year's Eve celebration in 2011.


title: Mississauga

text: The upper and lower parts of the square used to be separated by a segment of City Centre Drive. However, pedestrian safety issues, a desire to unify the two sections, and a commitment to building a vibrant downtown led the city council to permanently close this segment, uniting the upper and lower parts of the square.


title: Mississauga

text: Celebration Square hosted public viewing parties when the Toronto Raptors played in the 2019 NBA Finals, adopting the name "Jurassic Park West" in reference to the main "Jurassic Park" at downtown Toronto's Maple Leaf Square.


title: Mississauga

text: The Art Gallery of Mississauga (AGM) is a public, not-for-profit art gallery located in the Mississauga Civic Centre right on Celebration Square across from the Living Arts Centre and Square One Shopping Centre. AGM is sponsored by the City of Mississauga, Canada Council for the Arts, Ontario Trillium Foundation and the Ontario Arts Council. The art gallery offers free admission and tours and is open every day. AGM has over 500 copies and is working on creating a digital gallery led by gallery assistant Aaron Guravich.


title: Mississauga

text: Mississauga also boasts one of the largest shopping malls in Canada called Square One Shopping Centre, located at the City Centre. It has 350+ retail stores and services and attracts 24 million annual visits and over $1 billion in annual retail sales. It operates on most holidays (the exceptions being Good Friday, Easter Sunday and Christmas Day), making it the only shopping mall in the city and one of the few in the Greater Toronto Area that does so. The mall is surrounded by several bars and restaurants, as well as the City Hall, the Central Library, and a movie theatre.


title: Mississauga

text: Erin Mills Town Centre, the second largest mall in Mississauga. It is located at the western edge of the city, near Eglinton Avenue at Erin Mills Parkway. The mall used to be notable by a clock tower placed in the centre of the building. As its successor, the clock has been replaced with an iconic glass sphere (283 feet in circumference), as a part of the mall's $100 million redevelopment project. The mall also used to have a movie theatre, a mini-golf course, and a daycare centre, all of which were converted to retail space.


title: Mississauga

text: Located at the southeastern corner of the city is the Dixie Outlet Mall, which is Canada's largest enclosed outlet mall. It opened in 1956 when the city was still known as Toronto Township, and is Mississauga's first shopping mall. Many factory outlets of premium brands are located in this mall. As a supporter of Bullfrog Power, it operates using 100% renewable energy. Heartland Town Centre is an unenclosed outlet mall with 180 stores and restaurants. A flea market, the Fantastic Flea Market, is Mississauga's oldest flea market, which opened in 1976.


title: Mississauga

text: Erin Mills Town Centre and Dixie Outlet Mall are both closed for most holidays, except for Civic Holiday.


title: Mississauga

text: Recreational clubs include the Mississauga Figure Skating Club, Mississauga Synchronized Swimming Association, Mississauga Canoe Club, Mississauga Scrabble Club, Don Rowing Club at Port Credit, International Soccer Club Mississauga, and the Mississauga Aquatic Club. There are over 481 parks and woodlands areas in Mississauga, with nearly 100 km of trails that users can traverse. Mississauga is home to many indoor playgrounds including Playdium, Kids Time Family Fun Centre, KidSports indoor playground, and Laser Quest Centre. There are over 26 major indoor playgrounds in the city of Mississauga.


title: Mississauga

text: Kariya Park in city centre is a Japanese garden opened in 1992, it named after Mississauga’s sister city, Kariya, Japan.


title: Mississauga

text: Mississauga's Paramount Fine Foods Centre (formerly the Hershey Centre) is the city's main sports venue. It is the home arena for Mississauga's minor league teams, the Raptors 905 of the NBA G League and the Mississauga Steelheads of the Ontario Hockey League. The arena was originally built for Mississauga's first OHL team, the Mississauga Icedogs, before they moved to St. Catharines and became the Niagara IceDogs. The Steelheads are the rebranded Mississauga St. Michael's Majors who had moved from Toronto in 2007. The arena was formerly the home of the Mississauga MetroStars of the MASL. It formerly was the home arena for the Mississauga Power of the National Basketball League of Canada before the team dissolved in 2015 after the announcement of the Raptors 905. In 2018, Mississauga's City Council approved a motion to study the feasibility and business case for construction of a new stadium in Mississauga with the hope of gaining a new CPL Team.


title: Mississauga

text: Other hockey teams in Mississauga include the Mississauga Chiefs of the Canadian Women's Hockey League (who play at Iceland Mississauga), the Mississauga Chargers of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League (who play at Port Credit Arena), and the many teams in the Greater Toronto Hockey League, Mississauga Hockey League, and Mississauga Girls Hockey League that play in the city's 13 arenas. In addition, there is a roller hockey team, the Mississauga Rattlers of the Great Lakes Inline Junior "A" Roller Hockey League


title: Mississauga

text: Mississauga also has teams for box lacrosse (Mississauga Tomahawks of the OLA Junior A Lacrosse League), cricket (Mississauga Ramblers of the Toronto and District Cricket League, Mississauga Titans of the Etobicoke District Cricket League), and Canadian football. The Mississauga Football League (MFL) is a youth football program that is for players aged 7–17, founded in 1971. The city also has other amateur football teams in Ontario leagues: the Mississauga Warriors of the Ontario Varsity Football League and the Mississauga Demons of the Ontario Australian Football League. Mississauga's rugby players are now served by the Mississauga Blues through u7 - u17 Youth And Junior Programs as well as hosting one or more Senior Men's and Senior Women's Teams.


title: Mississauga

text: Ringette is one of the affiliated youth groups that are allocated ice time by the City of Mississauga (Recreation and Parks Division, Community Services Department) on an allocated priority basis. The Ringette program is administered by the Mississauga Ringette Association.


title: Mississauga

text: Mississauga City Council consists of the mayor and eleven city councillors, each representing one of the city's eleven numbered wards. The former mayor, Hazel McCallion, at one time the longest-serving mayor in Canada, was succeeded by Bonnie Crombie in November 2014.


title: Mississauga

text: The City of Mississauga has had only four mayors in its history. Martin Dobkin was the city's first mayor in 1974. He was then followed by Ron A. Searle. Searle was defeated in 1978 by then-city councillor and former mayor of Streetsville, McCallion. McCallion won 12 consecutive terms as mayor, but she chose to retire prior to the November 2014 election and was succeeded by Bonnie Crombie, who won the election.


title: Mississauga

text: McCallion is regarded as a force in provincial politics and often referred to as "Hurricane Hazel", after the devastating 1954 storm that struck the Toronto area. McCallion won or was acclaimed in every mayoral election from 1978 to 2010, in some later elections without even campaigning. In October 2010, McCallion won her twelfth term in office with over 76% of the votes. McCallion was the nation's longest-serving mayor and was runner-up in World Mayor 2005. In 2014 McCallion did not run again, but endorsed Crombie, the eventual winner who became mayor in November 2014.


title: Mississauga

text: Mississauga is on three major railway lines (one each owned by the Canadian National Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and Metrolinx). Toronto–Sarnia Via Rail trains on the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor pass through Mississauga and make request stops at Malton GO Station in the northeast of the city. Other Via Rail services stop in the neighbouring cities of Brampton, Oakville, and Toronto.


title: Mississauga

text: Commuter rail service is provided by GO Transit, a division of Metrolinx, on the Lakeshore West, Kitchener, and Milton lines. All-day service is provided along the Lakeshore West line, while the Kitchener and Milton lines serve commuters going to and from Toronto's Union Station during rush hours.


title: Mississauga

text: The city's public transit service, MiWay (formerly Mississauga Transit), provides bus service along more than 90 routes across the city, and connects to commuter rail with GO Transit as well as with Brampton Transit, Oakville Transit, and the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). MiWay operates routes for both local service (branded as "MiLocal") and limited-stop service (branded as "MiExpress").


title: Mississauga

text: Intercity buses operated by GO Transit stop at GO Train stations throughout the city and the Square One Bus Terminal.


title: Mississauga

text: A 12-station busway similar to Ottawa's Transitway was built parallel to Highway 403 from Winston Churchill Boulevard to Renforth Avenue, via the Mississauga City Centre Transit Terminal. Opened in stages, the Mississauga Transitway was completed on 22 November 2017 with the opening of the final station: Renforth. The service also connects to Kipling Subway Station in Toronto, via mixed lane traffic after Renforth station.


title: Mississauga

text: There are plans for the construction of an LRT line along Hurontario Street stretching from Port Credit to southern Brampton, and possibly to Brampton's downtown. The project went through the Transit Project Assessment Process (TPAP) which includes environmental assessment. The line will be fully funded by the provincial government, with construction set to begin in 2018. Rapid transit lines could possibly be built on some other main thoroughfares, namely Dundas Street and Lakeshore Road, but no definite dates have been set.


title: Mississauga

text: In addition to the 19 km light rail line, there are plans to extend Line 5 Eglinton to Renforth Gateway and Toronto Pearson International Airport though eastern Mississauga by 2030-2031 bringing the Toronto Subway into Mississauga. There will be 4 stops in the city at Renforth Gateway connecting with the Mississauga Transitway and serving the Airport Corporate Centre, Convair serving the GTAA headquarters and airfield and aircraft maintenance areas, Silver Dart serving rental car facilities and airport hotels, and Pearson Airport serving the airport at a future transit hub.


title: Mississauga

text: Highway 401 (or the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway, connecting Windsor to the Quebec border) passes through the city's north end. The eastern part uses the collector/express lane system and feeds into Highway 403, the main freeway in the city, which runs through the City Centre and Erin Mills areas. The Queen Elizabeth Way, the city's first freeway, runs through the southern half of the city. These three freeways each run east–west, with the exception of the 403 from the 401 to Cawthra Road, and from the 407 to QEW. North of the 401, the collector lanes of the 403 become Highway 410, which goes to Brampton. Part of Highway 409 is within the city of Mississauga, and it provides access to Pearson Airport. Two other freeways run along or close to Mississauga's municipal borders. Highway 407 runs metres from the northern city limits in a power transmission corridor and forms the city's boundary with Milton between highways 401 and 403. Highway 427 forms the Toronto-Mississauga boundary in the northeast, and is always within 2 kilometres of the boundary further south, with the exception of the area around Centennial Park.


title: Mississauga

text: Lester B. Pearson International Airport (YYZ), operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority in the northeastern part of the city, is the largest and busiest airport in Canada. In 2015, it handled 41,036,847 passengers and 443,958 aircraft movements. It is a major North American global gateway, handling more international passengers than any airport in North America other than John F. Kennedy International Airport. Pearson is the main hub for Air Canada, and a hub for passenger airline WestJet and cargo airline FedEx Express. It is served by over 75 airlines, having over 180 destinations.


title: Mississauga

text: In 2010, the City of Mississauga approved a Cycling Master Plan outlining a strategy to develop over of on and off-road cycling routes in the city over the next 20 years. Over 1,000 Mississauga citizens and stakeholders contributed their thoughts and ideas to help develop this plan. The plan focuses on fostering cycling as a way of life in the city, building an integrated network of cycling routes and aims to adopt a safety first approach to cycling.


title: Mississauga

text: Peel Regional Police provide policing within the city of Mississauga and airport. In addition, the Ontario Provincial Police have a Port Credit detachment in the city for patrolling provincial highways. Mississauga Fire and Emergency Services provide fire fighting services and Peel Regional Paramedic Services provides emergency medical services. Toronto Pearson also has its own fire department with two halls that service calls within the airport grounds.


title: Mississauga

text: The city's two main hospitals—Credit Valley Hospital and Mississauga Hospital—were amalgamated into the Trillium Health Partners hospital group in December 2011. The health system and the administration for students in Mississauga was the property of the Peel District School Board Health Centre and the health support for citizens in Mississauga was the property of Peel Health Centre. The eastern part of Mississauga was the property of Pearson Health (Greater Toronto Area Health Department).


title: Mississauga

text: Mississauga is the home to the University of Toronto Mississauga, one of three campuses of the University of Toronto. UTM has an enrollment of approximately 13,200 students. It is growing at a rate of about 1,000 students per year since 2002, following a major expansion. U of T Mississauga has 15 academic departments, 143 programs and 87 areas of study, and includes Institutes for Management and Innovation, and Communication, Culture, Information and Technology. The Mississauga Academy of Medicine is located on campus in the Terrence Donnelly Health Sciences Complex. The campus employs over 2,000 full- and part-time employees (including 800 permanent faculty and staff), and has more than 47,000 alumni, including astronaut Dr. Roberta Bondar, filmmaker Richie Mehta, actor Zaib Shaikh and writer/poet Dionne Brand. The $35-million Innovation Complex, which opened in September 2014, houses the Institute for Management and Innovation, a new model for business education combining management studies with key industry sectors, and the first phase of the multi-phase North Building reconstruction, known as Deerfield Hall, opened in September 2014.


title: Mississauga

text: Sheridan College opened a new $46 million facility in Mississauga in 2011. The school has two main concentrations: business education, and programs to accelerate the movement of new Canadians into the workforce. The campus will be located on an parcel of land in City Centre just north of the Living Arts Centre. The campus accommodated 1,700 students upon completion of phase one of construction in Fall 2011. Phase two of construction after 2011 increased capacity by 3,740 students to a combined total of 5,000; it also included construction of a 10-level municipal parking garage.


title: Mississauga

text: Mississauga is served by the Peel District School Board, which operates the secular Anglophone public schools, the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, which operates Catholic Anglophone public schools, the "Conseil scolaire Viamonde", which operates secular Francophone schools, and the "Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud", which operates Catholic Francophone schools. Within the city, the four boards run a total of more than 150 schools.


title: Mississauga

text: Mississauga is part of the Toronto media market and is served by media based in Toronto, with markets in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) that cover most of the news in the GTA. Examples of this being the majority of radio stations transmitting from the nearby CN Tower in Toronto. However, Mississauga also has "The Mississauga News", a regional newspaper that is published two days a week in print and daily online. There is also the "Sunday Times", a community newspaper for the South Asian community that is published weekly in print and also available online, as well as "Modern Mississauga", a bi-monthly general-interest print and digital magazine.


title: Mississauga

text: The Freedom of the City is the highest honour that a Canadian municipality can bestow on an individual or military unit.


title: 4

text: 4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures.


title: 4

text: Four is the smallest composite number, its proper divisors being and . Four is the sum and product of two with itself: formula_1 + formula_1 = formula_3 = formula_1 x formula_1, the only number formula_6 such that formula_7 + formula_7 = formula_6 = formula_7 x formula_7, which also makes four the smallest squared prime number formula_12. In Knuth's up-arrow notation, , and so forth, for any number of up arrows. By consequence, four is the only square one more than a prime number, specifically three. The sum of the first four prime numbers two + three + five + seven is the only sum of four consecutive prime numbers that yields an odd prime number, seventeen, which is the fourth super-prime. Four lies between the first proper pair of twin primes, three and five, which are the first two Fermat primes, like seventeen, which is the third. On the other hand, the square of four 4, equivalently the fourth power of two 2, is sixteen; the only number that has formula_13 = formula_14 as a form of factorization. Holistically, there are four elementary arithmetic operations in mathematics: addition (+), subtraction (−), multiplication (×), and division (÷); and four basic number systems, the real numbers formula_15, rational numbers formula_16, integers formula_17, and natural numbers formula_18.


title: 4

text: Each natural number divisible by 4 is a difference of squares of two natural numbers, i.e. formula_19 = formula_20 − formula_21. A number is a multiple of 4 if its last two digits are a multiple of 4. For example, 1092 is a multiple of 4 because .


title: 4

text: Lagrange's four-square theorem states that every positive integer can be written as the sum of at most four square numbers. Three are not always sufficient; for instance cannot be written as the sum of three squares.


title: 4

text: There are four all-Harshad numbers: 1, 2, "4", and 6. 12, which is divisible by four thrice over, is a Harshad number in all bases except octal.


title: 4

text: A four-sided plane figure is a quadrilateral or quadrangle, sometimes also called a "tetragon". It can be further classified as a rectangle or "oblong", kite, rhombus, and square.


title: 4

text: The four-color theorem states that a planar graph (or, equivalently, a flat map of two-dimensional regions such as countries) can be colored using four colors, so that adjacent vertices (or regions) are always different colors. Three colors are not, in general, sufficient to guarantee this. The largest planar complete graph has four vertices.


title: 4

text: A solid figure with four faces as well as four vertices is a tetrahedron, which is the smallest possible number of faces and vertices a polyhedron can have. The regular tetrahedron, also called a 3-simplex, is the simplest Platonic solid. It has four regular triangles as faces that are themselves at dual positions with the vertices of another tetrahedron. Tetrahedra can be inscribed inside all other four Platonic solids, and tessellate space alongside the regular octahedron in the alternated cubic honeycomb.


title: 4

text: Four-dimensional space is the highest-dimensional space featuring more than three regular convex figures:


title: 4

text: Altogether, sixteen (or 16 = 4) regular convex and star polychora are generated from symmetries of "four" (4) Coxeter Weyl groups and point groups in the fourth dimension: the formula_29 simplex, formula_30 hypercube, formula_31 icositetrachoric, and formula_32 hexacosichoric groups; with the formula_33 demihypercube group generating two alternative constructions.


title: 4

text: There are also sixty-four (or 64 = 4) four-dimensional Bravais lattices, "and" sixty-four uniform polychora in the fourth dimension based on the same formula_29, formula_30, formula_31 and formula_32 Coxeter groups, and extending to prismatic groups of uniform polyhedra, including one special non-Wythoffian form, the grand antiprism. There are also two infinite families of duoprisms and antiprismatic prisms in the fourth dimension.


title: 4

text: Four-dimensional differential manifolds have some unique properties. There is only one differential structure on formula_38 except when formula_22 = formula_3, in which case there are uncountably many.


title: 4

text: The smallest non-cyclic group has four elements; it is the Klein four-group. "A" alternating groups are not simple for values formula_22 ≤ formula_3.


title: 4

text: Further extensions of the real numbers under Hurwitz's theorem states that there are four normed division algebras: the real numbers formula_15, the complex numbers formula_44, the quaternions formula_45, and the octonions formula_46. Under Cayley–Dickson constructions, the sedenions formula_47 constitute a further fourth extension over formula_15. The real numbers are ordered, commutative and associative algebras, as well as alternative algebras with power-associativity. The complex numbers formula_44 share all four multiplicative algebraic properties of the reals formula_15, without being ordered. The quaternions loose a further commutative algebraic property, while holding associative, alternative, and power-associative properties. The octonions are alternative and power-associative, while the sedenions are only power-associative. The sedenions and all further "extensions" of these four normed division algebras are solely power-associative with non-trivial zero divisors, which makes them non-division algebras. formula_15 has a vector space of dimension 1, while formula_44, formula_45, formula_46 and formula_47 work in algebraic number fields of dimensions 2, 4, 8, and 16, respectively.


title: 4

text: Brahmic numerals represented 1, 2, and 3 with as many lines. 4 was simplified by joining its four lines into a cross that looks like the modern plus sign. The Shunga would add a horizontal line on top of the digit, and the Kshatrapa and Pallava evolved the digit to a point where the speed of writing was a secondary concern. The Arabs' 4 still had the early concept of the cross, but for the sake of efficiency, was made in one stroke by connecting the "western" end to the "northern" end; the "eastern" end was finished off with a curve. The Europeans dropped the finishing curve and gradually made the digit less cursive, ending up with a digit very close to the original Brahmin cross.


title: 4

text: While the shape of the character for the digit 4 has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the glyph usually has a descender, as, for example, in .


title: 4

text: On the seven-segment displays of pocket calculators and digital watches, as well as certain optical character recognition fonts, 4 is seen with an open top.


title: 4

text: Television stations that operate on channel 4 have occasionally made use of another variation of the "open 4", with the open portion being on the side, rather than the top. This version resembles the Canadian Aboriginal syllabics letter ᔦ. The magnetic ink character recognition "CMC-7" font also uses this variety of "4".


title: Agave

text: Agave (; ; ) is a genus of monocots native to the hot and arid regions of the Americas and the Caribbean, although some "Agave" species are also native to tropical areas of North America, such as Mexico. The genus is primarily known for its succulent and xerophytic species that typically form large rosettes of strong, fleshy leaves. "Agave" now includes species formerly placed in a number of other genera, such as Manfreda, ×"Mangave, Polianthes and Prochnyanthes".


title: Agave

text: Many plants in this genus may be considered perennial, because they require several to many years to mature and flower. However, most "Agave" species are more accurately described as monocarpic rosettes or multiannuals, since each individual rosette flowers only once and then dies; a small number of "Agave" species are polycarpic. Maguey flowers are considered edible in many indigenous culinary traditions of Mesoamerica.


title: Agave

text: Along with plants from the closely related genera "Yucca", "Hesperoyucca", and "Hesperaloe," various "Agave" species are popular ornamental plants in hot, dry climates, as they require very little supplemental water to survive. Most "Agave" species grow very slowly. Some "Agave" species are known by the common name "century plant".


title: Agave

text: The succulent leaves of most "Agave" species have sharp marginal teeth, an extremely sharp terminal spine, and are very fibrous inside. The stout stem is usually extremely short, which may make the plant appear as though it is stemless.


title: Agave

text: "Agave" rosettes are mostly monocarpic, though some species are polycarpic. During flowering, a tall stem or "mast" (""quiote"" in Mexico), which can grow to be high, grows apically from the center of the rosette and bears a large number of short, tubular flowers and sometimes vegetatively produced bulbils (a form of asexual reproduction). After pollination/fertilization and subsequent fruit development, in monocarpic species, the original rosette dies. However, throughout the lifetime of many "Agave" species, rhizomatous suckers develop above the roots at the base of the rosette. These suckers go on to form new plants after the original rosette desiccates and dies. Not all agaves produce suckers throughout their lifetimes; some species rarely or never produce suckers, while others may only develop suckers after final maturation with inflorescence. Some varieties can live for 60 years before flowering.


title: Agave

text: Agaves can be confused with cacti, aloes, or stonecrops, but although these plants all share similar morphological adaptations to arid environments (e.g. succulence), each group belongs to a different plant family and probably experienced convergent evolution. Further, cactus (Cactaceae) and stonecrop (Crassulaceae) lineages are eudicots, while aloes (Asphodelaceae) and agaves (Asparagaceae) are monocots.


title: Agave

text: The agave root system, consisting of a network of shallow rhizomes, allows the agave to efficiently capture moisture from rain, condensation, and dew. In addition to growing from seeds, most agaves produce 'pups' – young plants from runners. "Agave vilmoriniana" (the octopus agave) produces hundreds of pups on its bloom stalk. Agave leaves store the plant's water and are crucial to its continued existence. The coated leaf surface prevents evaporation. The leaves also have sharp, spiked edges. The spikes discourage predators from eating the plant or using it as a source of water and are so tough that ancient peoples used them for sewing needles. The sap is acidic. Some agaves bloom at a height up to so that they are far out of reach to animals that might attack them. Smaller species, such as "Agave lechuguilla", have smaller bloom stalks.


title: Agave

text: The genus name "Agave" come from the Ancient Greek from "agauós" meaning "illustrious, noble" having to do with very tall flower spikes found on its many species.


title: Agave

text: The genus "Agave" was erected by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, initially with four species. The first listed was "Agave americana", now the type species. In the Cronquist system and others, "Agave" was placed in the family Liliaceae, but phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences later showed it did not belong there. In the APG II system, "Agave" was placed in the segregated family Agavaceae. When this system was superseded by the APG III system in 2009, the Agavaceae were subsumed into the expanded family Asparagaceae, and "Agave" was treated as one of 18 genera in the subfamily Agavoideae, a position retained in the APG IV system of 2016.


title: Agave

text: Agaves and close relatives have long presented significant taxonomic difficulty. These difficulties could be due to the relatively young evolutionary age of the group (major diversification events of the group most likely occurred 8–10 million years ago), ease of hybridization between species (and even genera), incomplete lineage sorting, and long generation times. Within a species, morphological variations can be considerable, especially in cultivation; a number of named species may actually just be variants of original wild-type species that horticulturalists bred to appear unique in cultivation.


title: Agave

text: Molecular phylogenetic analyses from 1996 onwards repeatedly showed that the previously separate genera "Manfreda", "Polianthes" and "Prochnyanthes" were embedded in "Agave", as traditionally circumscribed, making "Agave" paraphyletic. These genera are now combined with "Agave" to form "Agave" sensu lato, which contains about 252 species total. Traditionally, the genus "Agave" was circumscribed to be composed of about 166 species.


title: Agave

text: In some of the older classifications, "Agave" was divided into two subgenera, "Agave" and "Littaea", based on the form of the inflorescence. These two subgenera are probably not monophyletic. A 2019 classification uses three subgenera:


title: Agave

text: Hybrids between species in "Agave" subg. "Manfreda" and other species were given the nothogenus name ×"Mangave" when "Manfreda" was recognized as a separate genus.


title: Agave

text: Some commonly grown species include "Agave americana", "A. angustifolia", "A. attenuata", "A. murpheyi", "A. palmeri", "A. parryi", "A. parviflora", "A. tequilana", "A. victoriae-reginae", and "A. vilmoriniana".


title: Agave

text: One of the most familiar species is "A. americana", a native of tropical America. Common names include century plant, "maguey" (in Mexico), or American aloe (though not related to the genus "Aloe"). The name "century plant" refers to the long time the plant takes to flower. The number of years before flowering occurs depends on the vigor of the individual plant, the richness of the soil, and the climate; during these years, the plant is storing in its fleshy leaves the nourishment required for the effort of flowering.


title: Agave

text: "A. americana", century plant, was introduced into southern Europe about the middle of the 16th century and is now naturalized as well as widely cultivated as an ornamental, as it is in the Americas. In the variegated forms, the leaf has a white or yellow marginal or central stripe. As the leaves unfold from the center of the rosette, the impression of the marginal spines is conspicuous on the still erect younger leaves. The plant is reported being hardy to -9.5 to -6.5 °C or Zone 8b 15-20f. Being succulents, they tend to rot if kept too wet. In areas such as America's Pacific Northwest, they might be hardy for cold winter temperatures, but need protection from winter rain. They mature very slowly and die after flowering but are easily propagated by the offsets from the base of the stem.


title: Agave

text: "A. americana" (a blue variety) occurs in abundance in the Karoo, and arid highland regions of South Africa. Introduced by the British settlers in 1820, the plant was originally cultivated and used as emergency feed for livestock. Today, it is used mainly for the production of syrup and sugar.


title: Agave

text: "A. attenuata" is a native of central Mexico and is uncommon in its natural habitat. Unlike most species of agave, "A. attenuata" has a curved flower spike from which it derives one of its numerous common names – the foxtail agave. It is also commonly grown as a garden plant. Unlike many agaves, "A. attenuata" has no teeth or terminal spines, making it an ideal plant for areas adjacent to footpaths. Like all agaves, it is a succulent and requires little water or maintenance once established.


title: Agave

text: "Agave azul" (blue agave) is used in the production of tequila. It is native to the Caribbean as well as many regions of Mexico like Colima, Nayarit, Jalisco and more. In 2001, the Mexican government and European Union agreed upon the classification of tequila and its categories. All 100% blue agave tequila must be made from the "A. tequilana" 'Weber's Blue' agave plant, to rigorous specifications and only in certain Mexican states. Blue agave is significantly different from other types of agave because it is higher in fructose and much sweeter compared to the rest. It is also the primary source for agave nectar, a syrupy sweetener made for consumption.


title: Agave

text: "Agave" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species, including "Batrachedra striolata", which has been recorded on "A. shawii".


title: Agave

text: But the miracle of nature was the great Mexican aloe, or maguey, whose clustering pyramids of flowers, towering above their dark coronals of leaves, were seen sprinkled over many a broad acre of the table-land. As we have already noticed its bruised leaves afforded a paste from which paper was manufactured, its juice was fermented into an intoxicating beverage, pulque, of which the natives, to this day, are extremely fond; its leaves further supplied an impenetrable thatch for the more humble dwellings; thread, of which coarse stuffs were made, and strong cords, were drawn from its tough and twisted fibers; pins and needles were made from the thorns at the extremity of its leaves; and the root, when properly cooked, was converted into a palatable and nutritious food. The agave, in short, was meat, drink, clothing, and writing materials for the Aztec! Surely, never did Nature enclose in so compact a form so many of the elements of human comfort and civilization!


title: Agave

text: The four major edible parts of the agave are the flowers, the leaves, the stalks or basal rosettes, and the sap (in Spanish: "aguamiel", meaning "honey water"). The sap of some species can also be used as soap.


title: Agave

text: Each agave plant produces several pounds of edible flowers during its final season. The stalks, which are ready during the summer, before the blossom, weigh several pounds each. Roasted, they are sweet and can be chewed to extract the sap or "aguamiel", like sugarcane. When dried out, the stalks can be used to make didgeridoos. The leaves may be collected in winter and spring, when the plants are rich in sap, for eating. The leaves of several species also yield fiber, for instance, "A. sisalana", the sisal hemp, and "A. decipiens", the false sisal hemp. "A. americana" is the source of pita fiber, and is used as a fiber plant in Mexico, the West Indies, and southern Europe.


title: Agave

text: The agave, especially "A. murpheyi", was a major food source for the prehistoric indigenous people of the Southwestern United States. The Hohokam of southern Arizona cultivated large areas of agave.


title: Agave

text: The Navajo similarly found many uses for the agave plant. A beverage is squeezed from the baked fibers, and the heads can be baked or boiled, pounded into flat sheets, sun dried, and stored for future use. The baked, dried heads are also boiled and made into an edible paste, eaten whole, or made into soup. The leaves are eaten boiled, and the young, tender flowering stalks and shoots are roasted and eaten as well. The fibers are used to make rope, the leaves are used to line baking pits, and the sharp-pointed leaf tips are used to make basketry awls.


title: Agave

text: During the development of the inflorescence, sap rushes to the base of the young flower stalk. Agave syrup (commonly called agave nectar), a sweetener derived from the sap, is used as an alternative to sugar in cooking, and can be added to breakfast cereals as a binding agent. The agave sweetener is marketed as natural and diabetic-friendly, without spiking blood sugar levels. However, extracts from agave leaves are under preliminary research for their potential use as food additives.


title: Agave

text: The sap of "A. americana" and other species is used in Mexico and Mesoamerica to produce "pulque", an alcoholic beverage. The flower shoot is cut out and the sap collected and subsequently fermented. By distillation, a spirit called "mezcal" is prepared; one of the best-known forms of mezcal is "tequila". "A. tequilana" or "A. tequilana" var. "azul" is used in the production of tequila. "A. angustifolia" is widely used in the production of "mezcal" and "pulque", though at least 10 other "Agave" species are also known to be used for this.


title: Agave

text: Agave can be used as the raw material for industrial production of fructans as a prebiotic dietary fiber. Resulting from its natural habitat in stressful environments, agave is under preliminary research for its potential use in germplasm conservation and in biotechnology to better anticipate the economic effects of global climate change. It may also have use as a bioethanol or bioenergy feedstock.


title: CUDA

text: CUDA (or Compute Unified Device Architecture) is a parallel computing platform and application programming interface (API) that allows software to use certain types of graphics processing units (GPUs) for general purpose processing, an approach called general-purpose computing on GPUs (GPGPU). CUDA is a software layer that gives direct access to the GPU's virtual instruction set and parallel computational elements, for the execution of compute kernels.


title: CUDA

text: CUDA is designed to work with programming languages such as C, C++, and Fortran. This accessibility makes it easier for specialists in parallel programming to use GPU resources, in contrast to prior APIs like Direct3D and OpenGL, which required advanced skills in graphics programming. CUDA-powered GPUs also support programming frameworks such as OpenMP, OpenACC and OpenCL; and HIP by compiling such code to CUDA.


title: CUDA

text: CUDA was created by Nvidia. When it was first introduced, the name was an acronym for Compute Unified Device Architecture, but Nvidia later dropped the common use of the acronym.


title: CUDA

text: The graphics processing unit (GPU), as a specialized computer processor, addresses the demands of real-time high-resolution 3D graphics compute-intensive tasks. By 2012, GPUs had evolved into highly parallel multi-core systems allowing efficient manipulation of large blocks of data. This design is more effective than general-purpose central processing unit (CPUs) for algorithms in situations where processing large blocks of data is done in parallel, such as:


title: CUDA

text: The CUDA platform is accessible to software developers through CUDA-accelerated libraries, compiler directives such as OpenACC, and extensions to industry-standard programming languages including C, C++ and Fortran. C/C++ programmers can use 'CUDA C/C++', compiled to PTX with nvcc, Nvidia's LLVM-based C/C++ compiler, or by clang itself. Fortran programmers can use 'CUDA Fortran', compiled with the PGI CUDA Fortran compiler from The Portland Group.


title: CUDA

text: In addition to libraries, compiler directives, CUDA C/C++ and CUDA Fortran, the CUDA platform supports other computational interfaces, including the Khronos Group's OpenCL, Microsoft's DirectCompute, OpenGL Compute Shader and C++ AMP. Third party wrappers are also available for Python, Perl, Fortran, Java, Ruby, Lua, Common Lisp, Haskell, R, MATLAB, IDL, Julia, and native support in Mathematica.


title: CUDA

text: In the computer game industry, GPUs are used for graphics rendering, and for game physics calculations (physical effects such as debris, smoke, fire, fluids); examples include PhysX and Bullet. CUDA has also been used to accelerate non-graphical applications in computational biology, cryptography and other fields by an order of magnitude or more.


title: CUDA

text: CUDA provides both a low level API (CUDA Driver API, non single-source) and a higher level API (CUDA Runtime API, single-source). The initial CUDA SDK was made public on 15 February 2007, for Microsoft Windows and Linux. Mac OS X support was later added in version 2.0, which supersedes the beta released February 14, 2008. CUDA works with all Nvidia GPUs from the G8x series onwards, including GeForce, Quadro and the Tesla line. CUDA is compatible with most standard operating systems.


title: CUDA

text: CUDA has several advantages over traditional general-purpose computation on GPUs (GPGPU) using graphics APIs:


title: CUDA

text: Below is an example given in Python that computes the product of two arrays on the GPU. The unofficial Python language bindings can be obtained from "PyCUDA".


title: CUDA

text: Additional Python bindings to simplify matrix multiplication operations can be found in the program "pycublas".


title: Seawolf-class submarine

text: The "Seawolf" class is a class of nuclear-powered, fast attack submarines (SSN) in service with the United States Navy. The class was the intended successor to the , and design work began in 1983. A fleet of 29 submarines was to be built over a ten-year period, but that was reduced to 12 submarines. The end of the Cold War and budget constraints led to the cancellation of any further additions to the fleet in 1995, leaving the "Seawolf" class limited to just three boats. This, in turn, led to the design of the smaller . The "Seawolf" class cost about $3 billion per unit ($3.5 billion for ), making it the most expensive United States Navy fast attack submarine and second most expensive submarine ever, after the French nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines.


title: Seawolf-class submarine

text: The "Seawolf" design was intended to combat the threat of advanced Soviet ballistic missile submarines such as the , and attack submarines such as the in a deep-ocean environment. "Seawolf"-class hulls are constructed from HY-100 steel, which is stronger than the HY-80 steel employed in previous classes, in order to withstand water pressure at greater depths.


title: Seawolf-class submarine

text: "Seawolf"-class submarines are larger, faster, and significantly quieter than previous "Los Angeles"-class submarines; they also carry more weapons and have twice as many torpedo tubes. The boats are able to carry up to 50 UGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles for attacking land and sea surface targets. The boats also have extensive equipment to allow shallow water operations. The class uses the more advanced ARCI Modified AN/BSY-2 combat system, which includes a larger spherical sonar array, a wide aperture array (WAA), and a new towed-array sonar. Each boat is powered by a single S6W nuclear reactor, delivering to a low-noise pump-jet.


title: Seawolf-class submarine

text: As a result of their advanced design, however, "Seawolf"-class submarines were much more expensive. The projected cost for 12 submarines of this class was $33.6 billion, but construction was stopped at three boats when the Cold War ended.


title: Seawolf-class submarine

text: is roughly longer than the other two boats of her class, due to the insertion of a section known as the Multi-Mission Platform (MMP) which allows launch and recovery of remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROV) and Navy SEALs. The MMP may also be used as an underwater splicing chamber for tapping of undersea fiber optic cables. This role was formerly filled by the now decommissioned . "Jimmy Carter" was modified for this role by General Dynamics Electric Boat at the cost of $887 million.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: Kelsea Nicole Ballerini (born September 12, 1993) is an American country pop singer. She began songwriting as a child and signed with Black River Entertainment in 2014, releasing her debut studio album the following year, "The First Time". Her second studio album, "Unapologetically", followed in 2017. Ballerini's first two albums have accounted for seven charted songs on the Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts. She has four No. 1 singles on the latter, starting with her debut single "Love Me Like You Mean It", which made her the first female artist to send a debut single to the top of that chart since Carrie Underwood in 2006. It was followed by "Dibs" and "Peter Pan", whose peaks also made her the first female country artist to send her first three singles to the top of that chart since Wynonna Judd. Ballerini's fourth No. 1 single is "Legends". Her third studio album, "Kelsea", and a counterpart acoustic album, "Ballerini", were both released in 2020. Her fourth studio album, "Subject to Change" was released in 2022.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: Ballerini grew up in Knoxville, Tennessee. Her father, Ed, a former sales manager for a country radio station, is of part Italian descent. Her mother, Carla, has worked in marketing for Thomas Nelson Bible publishing and a sponsorship company. She is an only child. She started taking dance lessons at Premiere Dance Studio in Seymour, Tennessee when she was three and stopped ten years later. She sang in the church and school choirs. She wrote her first song at 12 for her mother and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, three years later. She attended Central High School in Knoxville, Tennessee; Centennial High School in Franklin, Tennessee; and then Lipscomb University for two years until she pursued a musical career.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: At 19, she signed a deal with Black River Entertainment. In late 2014, she released her debut single "Love Me Like You Mean It", which debuted on the Country Airplay chart in October 2014. She released a self-titled extended play for the label in November. She was named one of CMT's Next Women of Country in 2014. She performed for the first time at the Grand Ole Opry on February 14, 2015, and sang "Love Me Like You Mean It". On May 19, 2015, Ballerini's debut album "The First Time" was released through Black River. For the chart dated July 4, 2015, "Love Me Like You Mean It", the album's first single, reached number one on the "Billboard" Country Airplay chart, making Ballerini the first solo female country music artist to score a number one hit with her debut single since Carrie Underwood did so with "Jesus, Take the Wheel" in 2006, and only the eleventh in history to achieve the feat. Ballerini also became only the fifth solo female country music artist to score back-to-back number one hits with her first two singles when "Dibs" reached the top of the Country Airplay chart and the first to do it since Jamie O'Neal in 2001.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: The album's third single, "Peter Pan", was released to country radio on March 21, 2016. "Peter Pan" reached number one on both the Country Airplay and Hot Country Songs charts in September, making Ballerini the first solo female country music artist to top both country music charts simultaneously. This achievement also made her the first solo female to send her first three singles to number one since Wynonna Judd accomplished the same feat in 1992. The album's fourth single, "Yeah Boy", was released to country radio on October 10, 2016.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: In early 2017, Ballerini was named to Forbes' 30 Under 30 – Music list at number two. In 2017, Ballerini received two Academy of Country Music Award nominations for Female Vocalist of the Year and Video of the Year for "Peter Pan." In June 2017, Ballerini released "Legends" as the first single from her second studio album. On November 3, she released her second album, titled "Unapologetically". The album debuted at number three on the Billboard Top Country Album Chart and number seven on the Billboard 200 Album Chart, making it her highest charting album on both charts.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: The second single from the album, "I Hate Love Songs", was released in March. In September 2018, she announced that she would be releasing a deluxe edition of the album with four new tracks. On September 18, 2018, EDM-pop duo The Chainsmokers released a song titled "This Feeling" featuring Ballerini, which later performed at the 2018 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in November. The third and final single from "Unapologetically", "Miss Me More", was released in October 2018. In October, she provided vocals on her husband Morgan Evans' song "Dance With Me". Ballerini joined the 15th season of "The Voice" as the fifth coach. She coached six contestants who did not get a chair turn during The Blinds, in a new round called "The Comeback Stage". "The Comeback Stage" was a digital companion series to the show. In October 2018, Ballerini released the song "We Were Like". In December 2018, "Unapologetically" received a nomination for Best Country Album at the 61st annual Grammy Awards.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: On March 5, 2019, Ballerini was invited by Little Big Town to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry. On April 16, 2019, she was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry by Carrie Underwood. Ballerini embarked on the Miss Me More Tour in support of "Unapologetically" in April 2019. The tour was a success, with Ballerini selling out multiple dates. In June 2019, Ballerini was a guest on the NBC competition show "Songland" and released the song "Better Luck Next Time".


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: In July 2019, Ballerini confirmed in an Instagram post that work on her third studio album was complete. On September 6, 2019, Ballerini released the first single off of her then upcoming third album, titled "Homecoming Queen?" The song debuted at number 22 on the Country Airplay chart, making it Ballerini's highest debut on the chart to date. On November 8, Ballerini released the promotional single "Club". Ballerini confirmed on January 20, 2020, that the album is self-titled ("Kelsea") and was released March 20, 2020. The announcement coincided with the release of a second promotional single, "LA". On February 28, she released the single "Hole in the Bottle" (stylized in all lowercase) and announced the tracklist for "Kelsea" including "Half of my Hometown" featuring Kenny Chesney and "The Other Girl" featuring Halsey.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: On September 2, Ballerini announced she would be releasing a counterpart album to "Kelsea", titled "Ballerini", featuring stripped-down versions of the songs. It was released September 11, 2020. The stripped-down version of "Club" was released alongside the album announcement. She described "Ballerini" as "emotional, vulnerable and soft" while "Kelsea" showed her "bold and effervescent" side. As of October 16, 2020, "Kelsea" and "Ballerini" can be purchased physically as a double album, exclusively from Target.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: In 2021, Ballerini temporarily filled in for Kelly Clarkson as a coach during Season 20 of "The Voice". She co-hosted the 2021 CMT Music Awards with Kane Brown, where she won the award for CMT Performance of the Year. In May, it was announced she would be an opening act on the Jonas Brothers' Remember This tour which began in August. Her debut book of poetry, "Feel Your Way Through", was released on November 16, 2021.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: In March 2022 Ballerini announced that "Heartfirst" would be released April 8, 2022. The song serves as the first single from her fourth studio album, "Subject to Change". While co-hosting during the 2022 CMT Music Awards, Ballerini performed the song for the very first time. The music video for the song premiered July 7, 2022. On July 15, 2022, the second single, "Love is a Cowboy" was released along with the official music video. The album features a collaboration, "You're Drunk, Go Home", with Kelly Clarkson and Carly Pearce. The album was released on September 23, 2022. In November 2022, "Heartfirst" was nominated for Best Country Solo Performance at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: Ballerini has been influenced by artists in both the pop music and country music fields. Originally influenced by pop music, Ballerini states "I grew up on top 40 pop. I didn't know what country music was, which is so funny because I grew up on a farm in East Tennessee." Ballerini lists Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, NSYNC, and Hilary Duff among these early artists influencing her. Ballerini also cites Justin Bieber as an early pop musical inspiration. It was not until Ballerini heard "Stupid Boy" by Keith Urban that she decided to delve deeper into country music by listening to albums by Taylor Swift, Sugarland, and Dixie Chicks. She credited Swift's self-titled debut studio album for introducing her to country music. Ballerini also cites Shania Twain as her greatest influence. She has also performed songs originally recorded by Alison Krauss and sang "Ghost in This House" alongside Krauss at the CMT Artists of the Year Awards in 2018.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: In March 2016, Ballerini began dating Australian country singer Morgan Evans. They became engaged on Christmas Day 2016 and were married on December 2, 2017, in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. On August 29, 2022, Ballerini announced that she and Evans were divorcing. On November 3, 2022, it was revealed that Ballerini and Evans had reached a settlement agreement and their divorce was finalized on November 15, 2022.


title: Kelsea Ballerini

text: Ballerini was a student at Central High School during the 2008 shooting, which she witnessed. She has said she suffers from PTSD due to the experience.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The Governor-General of India (1773–1950, from 1858 to 1947 the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom and after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the British monarch. The office was created in 1773, with the title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over Fort William but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British territory in the Indian subcontinent was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the "Governor-General of India".


title: Governor-General of India

text: In 1858, because of the Indian Rebellion the previous year, the territories and assets of the East India Company came under the direct control of the British Crown; as a consequence, the Company rule in India was succeeded by the British Raj. The governor-general (now also the Viceroy) headed the central government of India, which administered the provinces of British India, including the Punjab, Bengal, Bombay, Madras, the United Provinces, and others. However, much of India was not ruled directly by the British Government; outside the provinces of British India, there were hundreds of nominally independent princely states or "native states", whose relationship was not with the British Government or the United Kingdom, but rather one of homage directly with the British monarch as sovereign successor to the Mughal emperors. From 1858, to reflect the governor-general's new additional role as the monarch's representative in response to the fealty relationships vis the princely states, the additional title of Viceroy was granted, such that the new office was entitled "Viceroy and Governor-General of India". This was usually shortened to "Viceroy of India".


title: Governor-General of India

text: The title of Viceroy was abandoned when British India was partitioned into the two independent dominions of India and Pakistan, but the office of governor-general continued to exist in each country separately until they adopted republican constitutions in 1950 and 1956, respectively.


title: Governor-General of India

text: Until 1858, the governor-general was selected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company, to whom he was responsible. Thereafter, he was appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the British Government; the Secretary of State for India, a member of the British Cabinet, was responsible for instructing him on the exercise of their powers. After 1947, the sovereign continued to appoint the governor-general but thereafter did so on the advice of the government of the newly independent Dominion of India.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The governor-general served at the pleasure of the sovereign, though the practice was to have them serve five-year terms. A governor-general could have their commission rescinded; and if one was removed, or left, a provisional governor-general was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen. The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings, the first official governor-general of British India was Lord William Bentinck, and the first governor-general of the Dominion of India was Lord Mountbatten.


title: Governor-General of India

text: Many parts of the Indian subcontinent were governed by the British East India Company (founded in 1600), which nominally acted as the agent of the Mughal emperor. Early British administrators were presidents or governors of Bengal Presidency. In 1773, motivated by corruption in the company, the British government assumed partial control over the governance of India with the passage of the Regulating Act of 1773. A governor-general and Supreme Council of Bengal were appointed to rule over the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. The first governor-general and Council were named in the Act.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The Charter Act 1833 replaced the governor-general and Council of Fort William with the governor-general and Council of India. The power to elect the governor-general was retained by the Court of Directors, but the choice became subject to the sovereign's approval via the India Board.


title: Governor-General of India

text: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company's territories in India were put under the direct control of the sovereign. The Government of India Act 1858 vested the power to appoint the governor-general in the sovereign. The governor-general, in turn, had the power to appoint all lieutenant governors in India, subject to the sovereign's approval.


title: Governor-General of India

text: India and Pakistan acquired independence in 1947, but governors-general continued to be appointed over each nation until republican constitutions were written. Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, remained governor-general of India for some time after independence, but the two nations were otherwise headed by native governors-general. India became a secular republic in 1950; Pakistan became an Islamic one in 1956.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The governor-general originally had power only over the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. The Regulating Act, however, granted the governor-general additional powers relating to foreign affairs and defence. The other presidencies of the East India Company (Madras, Bombay and Bencoolen) were not allowed to declare war on or make peace with an Indian prince without receiving the prior approval of the governor-general and Council of Fort William.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The powers of the governor-general, in respect of foreign affairs, were increased by the India Act 1784. The act provided that the other governors under the East India Company could not declare war, make peace or conclude a treaty with an Indian prince unless expressly directed to do so by the governor-general or by the company's Court of Directors.


title: Governor-General of India

text: While the governor-general thus became the controller of foreign policy in India, he was not the explicit head of British India. That status came only with the Charter Act 1833, which granted him "superintendence, direction and control of the whole civil and military Government" of all of British India. The act also granted legislative powers to the governor-general and council.


title: Governor-General of India

text: After 1858, the governor-general (now usually known as the viceroy) functioned as the chief administrator of India and as the sovereign's representative. India was divided into numerous provinces, each under the head of a governor, lieutenant governor or chief commissioner or administrator. Governors were appointed by the British government, to whom they were directly responsible; lieutenant governors, chief commissioners, and administrators, however, were appointed by and were subordinate to the viceroy. The viceroy also oversaw the most powerful princely rulers: the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Maharaja of Mysore, the Maharaja (Scindia) of Gwalior, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir and the Gaekwad (Gaekwar) Maharaja of Baroda. The remaining princely rulers were overseen either by the Rajputana Agency and Central India Agency, which were headed by representatives of the viceroy or by provincial authorities.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The Chamber of Princes was an institution established in 1920 by a royal proclamation of King-Emperor George V to provide a forum in which the princely rulers could voice their needs and aspirations to the government. The chamber usually met only once a year, with the viceroy presiding, but it appointed a standing committee, which met more often.


title: Governor-General of India

text: Upon independence in August 1947, the title of viceroy was abolished. The representative of the India's sovereign, King George VI, became known once again as the governor-general. In 1948, C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian governor-general. The governor-general's role was almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day-to-day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the president of India continued to perform the same functions.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The governor-general was always advised by a Council on the exercise of his legislative and executive powers. The governor-general, while exercising many functions, was referred to as the "Governor-General in Council."


title: Governor-General of India

text: The Regulating Act 1773 provided for the election of four counsellors by the East India Company's Court of Directors. The governor-general was to be assisted by an executive council of four members and was given a casting vote but no veto. The decision of the council was binding on the governor-general.


title: Governor-General of India

text: In 1784, the council was reduced to three members; the governor-general continued to have both an ordinary vote and a casting vote. In 1786, the power of the governor-general was increased even further, as Council decisions ceased to be binding.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The Charter Act 1833 made further changes to the structure of the council. The Act was the first law to distinguish between the executive and legislative responsibilities of the governor-general. As provided under the Act, there were to be four members of the Council elected by the Court of Directors. The first three members were permitted to participate on all occasions, but the fourth member was only allowed to sit and vote when legislation was being debated.


title: Governor-General of India

text: In 1858, the Court of Directors ceased to have the power to elect members of the council. Instead, the one member who had a vote only on legislative questions came to be appointed by the sovereign, and the other three members by the secretary of state for India.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The Indian Councils Act 1861 made several changes to the council's composition. Three members were to be appointed by the Secretary of State for India, and two by the Sovereign. The power to appoint all five members passed to the Crown in 1869. The viceroy was empowered to appoint an additional 'six to twelve' members (changed to 'ten to sixteen' in 1892, and to 'sixty' in 1909). The five individuals appointed by the sovereign or the Indian secretary headed the executive departments, while those appointed by the viceroy debated and voted on legislation.


title: Governor-General of India

text: In 1919, an Indian legislature, consisting of a Council of State and a Legislative Assembly, took over the legislative functions of the Viceroy's Council. The viceroy nonetheless retained significant power over legislation. He could authorise the expenditure of money without the Legislature's consent for "ecclesiastical, political [and] defence" purposes, and for any purpose during "emergencies." He was permitted to veto, or even stop debate on, any bill. If he recommended the passage of a bill, but only one chamber cooperated, he could declare the bill passed over the objections of the other chamber. The Legislature had no authority over foreign affairs and defence. The president of the Council of State was appointed by the viceroy; the Legislative Assembly elected its president, but the election required the viceroy's approval.


title: Governor-General of India

text: Until 1833, the title of the position was "governor-general of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal". The Government of India Act 1833 converted the title into "governor-general of India", effective from 22 April 1834. The title "viceroy and governor-general" was first used in the queen's proclamation appointing Viscount Canning in 1858. It was never conferred by an act of parliament but was used in warrants of precedence and in the statutes of knightly orders. In usage, "viceroy" is employed where the governor-general's position as the monarch's representative is in view. The viceregal title was not used when the sovereign was present in India. It was meant to indicate new responsibilities, especially ritualistic ones, but it conferred no new statutory authority. The governor-general regularly used the title in communications with the Imperial Legislative Council, but all legislation was made only in the name of the Governor-General-in-Council (or the Government of India).


title: Governor-General of India

text: The governor-general was styled "Excellency" and enjoyed precedence over all other government officials in India. He was referred to as 'His Excellency' and addressed as 'Your Excellency'. From 1858 to 1947, the governor-general was known as the viceroy of India (from the French "roi", meaning 'king'), and wives of Viceroys were known as Vicereines (from the French "reine", meaning 'queen'). The Vicereine was referred to as 'Her Excellency' and was also addressed as 'Your Excellency'. Neither title was employed while the Sovereign was in India. However, the only British sovereign to visit India during the period of British rule was George V, who attended the Delhi Durbar in 1911 with his wife, Mary.


title: Governor-General of India

text: When the Order of the Star of India was founded in 1861, the viceroy was made its grand master "ex officio". The viceroy was also made the "ex officio" grand master of the Order of the Indian Empire upon its foundation in 1877.


title: Governor-General of India

text: Most governors-general and viceroys were peers. Frequently, a viceroy who was already a peer would be granted a peerage of higher rank, as with the granting of a marquessate to Lord Reading and an earldom and later a marquessate to Freeman Freeman-Thomas. Of those viceroys who were not peers, Sir John Shore was a baronet, and Lord William Bentinck was entitled to the courtesy title 'lord' because he was the son of a duke. Only the first and last governors-generalWarren Hastings and Chakravarti Rajagopalacharias well as some provisional governors-general, had no honorific titles at all.


title: Governor-General of India

text: From around 1885, the viceroy of India was allowed to fly a Union Flag augmented in the centre with the 'Star of India' surmounted by a crown. This flag was not the viceroy's personal flag; it was also used by governors, lieutenant governors, chief commissioners and other British officers in India. When at sea, only the viceroy flew the flag from the mainmast, while other officials flew it from the foremast.


title: Governor-General of India

text: From 1947 to 1950, the governor-general of India used a dark blue flag bearing the royal crest (a lion standing on the Crown), beneath which was the word 'India' in gold majuscules. The same design is still used by many other Commonwealth Realm governors-general. This last flag was the personal flag of the governor-general only.


title: Governor-General of India

text: The governor-general of Fort William resided in Belvedere House, Calcutta, until the early nineteenth century, when Government House was constructed. In 1854, the lieutenant governor of Bengal took up residence there. Now, the Belvedere Estate houses the National Library of India.


title: Governor-General of India

text: Lord Wellesley, who is reputed to have said that 'India should be governed from a palace, not from a country house’, constructed a grand mansion, known as Government House in Calcutta, between 1799 and 1803. The mansion remained in use until the capital moved from Calcutta to Delhi in 1912. Thereafter, the lieutenant governor of Bengal, who had hitherto resided in Belvedere House, was upgraded to a full governor and transferred to Government House. Now, it serves as the residence of the governor of the Indian state of West Bengal, and is referred to by its Bengali name Raj Bhavan.


title: Governor-General of India

text: After the capital moved from Calcutta to Delhi, the viceroy occupied the newly built Viceroy's House, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. Though construction began in 1912, it did not conclude until 1929; the palace was not formally inaugurated until 1931. The final cost exceeded £877,000 (over £35,000,000 in modern terms)—more than twice the figure originally allocated. Today the residence, now known by the Hindi name of 'Rashtrapati Bhavan', is used by the president of India.


title: Governor-General of India

text: Throughout the British administration, governors-general retreated to the Viceregal Lodge "(now Rashtrapati Niwas)" at Shimla each summer to escape the heat, and the government of India moved with them. The Viceregal Lodge now houses the Indian Institute of Advanced Study.


title: PBS Kids

text: PBS Kids is the brand for most of the children's programming aired by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in the United States. Some public television children's programs are not produced by PBS member stations or transmitted by PBS. Instead, they are produced by independent public television distributors such as American Public Television, and are not labeled as "PBS Kids" programming, as it is mainly a programming block branding. The target audience is children between the ages of 2 and 8. The network is also available in sub-Saharan Africa and Australia.


title: PBS Kids

text: PBS had historically aired programs for children such as "Sesame Street", "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood", and "Reading Rainbow"; prior to 1993, these programs aired under general PBS branding. In August 1993, PBS introduced new branding for their children's programs featuring "The P-Pals", animated characters shaped like PBS logos who encouraged skills such as gathering information, self-esteem, cooperation and achieving goals in specially developed interstitials.


title: PBS Kids

text: The framework for PBS Kids was established as part of PBS' "Ready to Learn" initiative, a project intended to facilitate access of early childhood educational programming to underprivileged children. On July 11, 1994, PBS repackaged their existing children's educational programming as a new block called "PTV", airing on 11 member stations at launch. In addition to scheduled educational programming, PTV also incorporated interstitial content with the P-Pals in their fictional world "PTV Park" for younger children. Older children were targeted with live-action and music video interstitials.


title: PBS Kids

text: Apple Computer provided a $1.5 million grant to PTV and became its first national underwriter on June 26, 1995, as part of their "Bring Learning Home" corporate initiative. A "Ready To Learn" grant unveiled on January 8, 1996, supported the development of "Dragon Tales" and "Between the Lions", which premiered in 1999 and 2000, respectively, as well as their online activities and outreach efforts. By September 1996, 95 PBS stations reaching three quarters of the United States were carrying the PTV service. Starting on October 7, 1996, PBS packaged their programs for school-aged children into the block "The Game", airing on 31 stations by the end of the year.


title: PBS Kids

text: PBS announced on January 18, 1999, that it would launch the PBS Kids Channel, meant to be the centerpiece of a larger initiative, in September. On June 9, PBS revealed a wide rebranding of its children's programs and services, known as PBS Kids, at its annual meeting in San Francisco. PBS would also increase its children's programming budget by 25% and commit to two new series: "Caillou" and "".


title: PBS Kids

text: On September 6, 1999, PBS launched the 24-hour PBS Kids television network. The separate network (referred to as the PBS Kids Channel in press materials) was available on high-tier subscription providers, and was also offered to PBS member stations for use on a "cablecast" service (a subscription-based local channel provided by the member station) or for use on the member station's free-to-air analog channel to provide a portion of the daytime PBS Kids programming on the station. Participating stations were required to pay an annual fee of $1,000 to use the feed. At launch, 32 PBS member stations had signed up to use the service. The channel was partly created to compete against the Nick Jr. block and its sister network Noggin; at the time, Noggin was co-owned by the Children's Television Workshop (the production company behind "Sesame Street") and Nickelodeon. Because the pay-TV rights to the Children's Television Workshop's programs were owned by Noggin, the channel did not broadcast CTW programming, including longtime PBS staple "Sesame Street", though an exception was made with "Dragon Tales" (which premiered on the same day as the launch of the PBS Kids Channel).


title: PBS Kids

text: The new PBS Kids branding elements began rolling out on PBS stations in October; PBS provided grants to stations who adopted the new branding early. The PBS Kids website was relaunched with some new areas on February 1, 2000.


title: PBS Kids

text: The channel was unsuccessful and had only reached 9 million households as of 2002, compared to Noggin's 23.3 million households at the time. The PBS Kids network was shut down on September 26, 2005, in favor of a new commercial cable and satellite joint venture channel, PBS Kids Sprout, which was developed in partnership with Sesame Workshop, HIT Entertainment and Comcast (who later bought full control of the network via NBCUniversal).


title: PBS Kids

text: PBS later revived the PBS Kids Channel on January 16, 2017, this time being structured as a multi-platform service with an online streaming option in addition to utilizing largely the same distribution methods that had been used for the original channel.


title: PBS Kids

text: In June 2022, it was announced that PBS Kids would inaugurate a new, text-only logo set upon a disc element, on July 19, 2022.


title: PBS Kids

text: PBS gave licensees an option to sign on Sprout promoters while indicating that they should retain PBS Kids programming block during the day time. Half of stations programmed their own children's channel. PBS offered a replacement early school-aged kids network based on the block PBS Kids Go! by April 2006 to be launched in October 2006, but was cancelled before launch.


title: PBS Kids

text: Amid research which revealed that the PBS Kids brand was more recognizable than PBS Kids Go!, and ratings which showed preschoolers and school-age children watching each other's shows, PBS Kids received another graphic redesign and the PBS Kids Go! branding was dissolved on October 7, 2013, coinciding with the debut of "Peg + Cat".


title: PBS Kids

text: On July 1, 2016, Amazon Prime Video and PBS Distribution entered into a multi-year agreement which saw several PBS Kids series on other streaming services move to Amazon Prime Video.


title: PBS Kids

text: PBS Kids network was relaunched on January 16, 2017, with a live stream of the channel on the PBS Kids website and video app; no changes were made to the main PBS Kids block. The block is counter programmed from the network, thus the same show would not be shown at the same time on the network and block. PBS Kids Channel is also available on DirecTV and DirecTV Stream on channel 288.


title: PBS Kids

text: PBS Distribution partnered with MultiChoice to launch PBS Kids on May 22, 2019 on DStv and GOtv platforms across its Sub-Saharan Africa footprint.


title: PBS Kids

text: "For list of all PBS Kids programs, see List of programs broadcast by PBS Kids (block) for the block and List of programs broadcast by PBS Kids for the channel."


title: PBS Kids

text: "PBS Kids" programming has historically received generally positive reviews from television critics and parents of young children. "L.A. Story (a division of Blogspot)" wrote, "Great for any little explorer!" Rob Owen of "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette" wrote, "Best children's entertainment available." Valerie Williams of "Scary Mommy" wrote, "A wonderful gift." Steve Aquino of "Forbes" wrote, "Making learning accessible in the coronavirus age."


title: PBS Kids

text: PBS Kids is an American digital broadcast and online television network operated by the Public Broadcasting Service. The network features a broad mix of live action and animated children's programs distributed to PBS by independent companies and select member stations, which are designed for improving the early literacy, math, and social-emotional skills of young children ages 3 to 9. Some PBS member stations, such as KLCS in Los Angeles maintain their own locally programmed PBS Kids feed, that is independent from the nationally sourced feed.


title: PBS Kids

text: On September 6, 1999, PBS launched the PBS Kids Channel in several markets, in conjunction with the introduction of the PBS Kids brand to provide a unified branding for the service's children's programming offerings. The channel was launched on 33 PBS member stations: 19 of which offered PBS Kids Channel as a cable-only service, 9 which carried the channel on their digital broadcast signals in standard-definition, and 3 which carried simulcasts of the channel on their analog signals. Of the initial 27 affiliates, 16 of them planned to begin carrying PBS Kids Channel during the fall of 1999, with 11 additional stations choosing to debut it that winter.


title: PBS Kids

text: FCC requirements mandated satellite providers to set aside 4% of their available channel space for noncommercial educational and informational programming. With these providers limited to offering one such service per programmer, PBS had put forth PBS Kids as a prospective channel to fulfill this mandate.


title: PBS Kids

text: In the aftermath of DirecTV's decision not to renew its funding agreement with the channel, which ended in the third quarter of 2005, PBS decided to shut down the network on September 26 of that year. PBS Kids Channel was effectively supplanted on that date by PBS Kids Sprout, an advertiser-supported cable and satellite channel that PBS developed in a joint venture with HIT Entertainment, Sesame Workshop, and Comcast. PBS gave licensees an option to sign on Sprout promoters, giving them cross-promotional and monetary benefits in exchange for giving up the ability to carry a competing preschool-targeted channel. 80 stations, making up about half of the member stations participants, signed up to be promoters; most of the remaining stations opted to develop independent children's programming services featuring programs distributed by PBS and through outside distributors such as American Public Television to fill space on digital subchannels that formerly served as PBS Kids Channel members. Many of the member stations that launched children's-focused subchannel or cable-only services reduced the amount of sourced programming from PBS Kids carried on their primary channel to a few hours of their weekday daytime schedules, in order to program more adult-targeted fare during the afternoon.


title: PBS Kids

text: PBS relaunched the PBS Kids network on January 16, 2017. Structured as a multi-platform service, it was made available for distribution to digital subchannels of participating PBS member stations, initially launching on 73 member stations (counting those operated as subregional PBS member networks), with an additional 34 agreeing to begin carrying the network at a later date. A live stream of the channel was also added to the PBS Kids website and video app upon the channel's debut, which will eventually allow viewers to toggle from the program being aired to a related educational game extending the interactivity introduced by "Sesame Street". The network is counterprogrammed from the PBS Kids block, so that the same program would not be shown on either simultaneously. PBS Kids 24/7 mainly features double-runs of existing series on PBS Kids' schedule (including some not carried on the primary channels of certain member stations); as such, no additional programs had to be acquired to help fill the channel's schedule. On April 21, 2017, the network launched "PBS Kids Family Night," a weekly block on Friday evenings (with encore airings on Saturday and Sunday evenings) that showcase themed programming, premieres or special "movie-length" episodes of new and existing PBS Kids children's programs.


title: PBS Kids

text: In November 2020, PBS Kids, in association with the main PBS service, became the terrestrial television home of select specials from the "Peanuts" animated library, under a sub-licensing agreement with Apple TV+.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: HIT: The Second Case is a 2022 Indian Telugu-language crime thriller film written and directed by Sailesh Kolanu. It is the second installment in the "HITverse", following "" (2020). The film stars Adivi Sesh, Meenakshi Chaudhary and Rao Ramesh. The plot follows Krishna Dev (Sesh) solving a serial murder case in Visakhapatnam.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: "HIT: The Second Case" was released on 2 December 2022 and received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The film became a commercial success by grossing 35 crores at the box office.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: Ramprasad Koduri perceives about his wife Jhansi's extra-marital affair and feels broken. Fearing that he would expose her, Jhansi has her husband arrested on false marital rape charges, ruining his reputation. Though he returns home, he is fired from his job and socially boycotted.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: Krishna Dev, shortly known as KD is Superintendent of Police in Homicidal Intervention Team (HIT) of Andhra Pradesh in Vishakapatnam, who is accomplished for his presence of mind and quickness in nabbing criminals, is engaged in a live-in-relationship with Aarya, an entrepreneur who owns a boutique and is an active member of an association for women's welfare. A woman employed in a bar, Sanjana is brutally murdered and butchered at her workplace after everyone leaves. Assigned on the case, KD learns from the Forensic department that, of the body parts they found at crime spot apparently of Sanjana, only the head is hers and the other body parts are of three other women. Through a bite mark on Sanjana's neck, it is discovered that the murderer has an extra tooth on his incisors.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: Along with his teammates, Abhilash (From ) and Varsha, KD meets Sanjana's roommate Ranjitha, who informs them of a pub, Sanjana frequented. KD and his team interrogate the staff but to no avail. KD meets Sanjana's parents and through one of her photos with her childhood friends, he realizes that Sanjana had a friend Raghavudu, with an extra tooth on his incisors like that of murderer. Realizing that he is employed in Vishakapatnam, KD suspects him of murdering Sanjana and goes to his residence in Vizag, finds the shoes that exactly match with the prints found at the crime scene. Raghavudu claims that he did not murder Sanjana but refuses to divulge where he was, when the murder took place. Abhilash learns that the assassination attempt on Vikram Rudraraju (from ) was ordered by Vikram's superior Vishwanath, who is now dead. Meanwhile, Aarya tells KD that she is pregnant with his child. Court trials begin against Raghavudu and due to political pressure as the brutality of murder earns great criticism from public and media, KD's superior DGP Nageshwar Rao orders an encounter to be operated. Meanwhile, KD receives a mail and is notified that Raghuvudu was at Kakinada when Sanjana was killed. He contacts Nageshwar Rao to requesting him to stop Raghavudu's encounter but Nageshwar Rao refuses to oblige, frightened of the criticism, Police department would receive, if everyone comes to know that the Police have caught a wrong person. To rescue Raghuvudu, KD informs a journalist of this, seeking help and sends him a video proving Raghavudu's presence in Kakinada during the murder.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: The encounter is stopped but Raghavudu commits suicide in prison due to disgrace. Varsha informs KD that Raghavudu was with his lover, who is married, in Kakinada during the murder and to protect her from being humiliated for meeting him, he refused to disclose where he was. KD receives threats from the murderer, whose next targets are apparently Ranjitha and Aarya. KD provides personal security for Aarya without revealing the truth to her while asks Ranjitha to move in with her boyfriend Kumar. KD realizes that pubs allow customers with a mark on their hand as an entry-fee and finds that a similar mark was found on the hand, they found with Sanjana's head. KD traces the girl, Tanya, who went missing, few days prior to her wedding, a few months ago. Aarya informs KD that Tanya was also an active member of the women's welfare association, she is a member of. KD learns that the other body part belongs to Pooja, former president of the same women' welfare association whose corpse was found in Hyderabad by Vikram Rudraraju. KD learns from an aged housekeeper that many years ago, president of the same association, Jhansi was also murdered brutally. KD and Varsha reach Jhansi's residence and finds that Jhansi and Ramprasad had a son.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: Meanwhile, the murderer abducts Aarya. KD and Varsha find that all the victims frequented a dental clinic owned by Rajeev Kumar Koduri, Ramprasad's son who was depressed as his father committed suicide out of disgrace while his mother had no regret. He targets women from the women's association, his mother worked at as its president. KD reaches the clinic and realizes that Rajeev is none other than Ranjitha's boyfriend Kumar, who captures KD and threatens to kill Aarya. KD's pet Max attacks and mauls Kumar while KD unties himself and defeats Kumar with Varsha's assistance, killing him. After few days, KD files for a transfer to Telangana and marries Aarya. Arjun Sarkar, KD's replacement arrives to congratulate him.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: After the success of "", Nani announced a sequel in February 2021, one year after the film's release. Sailesh Kolanu who directed the first film of the franchise would be directing this. Adivi Sesh has replaced Vishwak Sen in the sequel. Nani wanted the franchise to be "concept oriented" rather than "star oriented," so he moved the setting from Telangana to Andhra Pradesh and chose Sesh as the protagonist. Meenakshi Chaudhary was cast opposite Sesh. Sen said he missed out on the sequel due to scheduling conflicts, and wished he'd be part of "HIT" 3 or 4. The film was then formally launched in March 2021 with a pooja ceremony. Principal photography commenced in August 2021 in Visakhapatnam. In December 2021, Nani confirmed that 90% of the shoot is completed with filming also taking place in Hyderabad. In July 2022, it was announced that the final schedule would commence in August 2022.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: The music of the film is composed by M. M. Srilekha and Suresh Bobbili. The film score is composed by John Stewart Eduri.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: "HIT: The Second Case" was released theatrically on 2 December 2022. Earlier, the film was scheduled to release on 29 July 2022. However, Sesh announced that the film was postponed due to the promotional works of his film "Major" (2022) and the film having production delays.On November 25, The film has received an 'A' certificate because of its gruesome nature and use of profanity.


title: HIT: The Second Case

text: Balakrishna Ganeshan of "The News Minute" rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Sailesh Kolanu’s "HIT 2" is one of the best-written Telugu films in recent times, with each character, scene, and dialogue having relevance to the story". Arvind V of "Pinkvilla" rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "The thriller, executed with aplomb by Sailesh Kolanu, wants to be a consummate whodunit, in the sense that it shifts its focus away from who committed the crime to what are the killer's motives for committing it". Manoj Kumar R of "The Indian Express" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "HIT 2 is a significant improvement over the first iteration. One can only hope that Sailesh fills in the gaps in his storytelling and becomes a more refined filmmaker with HIT 3". Neeshita Nyayapati of "The Times of India" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "The film delivers what it promises when it comes to the gore and taking the HIT universe forward". Rotkim Rajpal of "India Today" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote ""HIT 2" is a middling thriller that caters only to Advi Sesh but doesn’t do justice to its inherently engaging story". "Sakshi Post" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and termed the film as a "gripping thriller" and wrote, If you are a fan of crime thrillers, you would surely love this. Watch it for Adivi Sesh.


title: Poonam Pandey

text: Poonam Pandey (born 11 March 1991) is an Indian model and actress. She debuted in Bollywood with the film "Nasha" in 2013.


title: Poonam Pandey

text: Pandey was born to a family from Kanpur. She began her career as a model. She became one of the top nine contestants of the Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest and appeared on the cover page of the fashion magazine.


title: Poonam Pandey

text: Pandey became popular through her social media accounts, including Twitter when she started posting her semi-nude photos. Her revealing photos have received much media attention.


title: Poonam Pandey

text: She rose to media spotlight when she promised to strip for the Indian cricket team if it won the 2011 Cricket World Cup. India indeed lifted the World Cup; however, Pandey did not fulfill her promise due to public disapproval, but later claimed she was denied permission by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). However, she did upload a video on her mobile app, where she is seen stripping naked at the Wankhede Stadium at night.


title: Poonam Pandey

text: She went on to have her own mobile application developed. The app was banned by Google soon after its launch in the Play Store and currently available in her official site only.


title: Poonam Pandey

text: She also uploaded a sex tape in which she was with her then boyfriend, on to Instagram that she later deleted.


title: Poonam Pandey

text: In 2013, she played the female lead of the film "Nasha", playing a teacher who ends up having a sexual relationship with one of her students. While "Rediff" stated that she excelled as a seductress in the role, the "Mumbai Mirror" said she did "not play seductresses but a proper, responsible drama teacher" and that "Poonam makes an effort but isn't quite there".


title: Poonam Pandey

text: The posters for the film, which featured her "clad in nothing, but two placards tactfully placed to cover her body", angered people and a group of protesters tore the posters and set them on fire on 20 July 2013 in Mumbai. The general secretary of Shiv Sena Chitrapat objected to advertisements, saying, "We find the poster highly vulgar and derogatory and won't allow such hoardings."


title: Poonam Pandey

text: Pandey signed on to star in the planned sequel to "Nasha", where she will be reprising her role as Anita.


title: Poonam Pandey

text: Pandey married her long-term boyfriend Sam Bombay on 1 September 2020. The wedding had to be private because of the COVID-19 pandemic. They were married at their Mumbai home in the presence of close friends and family. On 11 September, Pandey filed a complaint against Bombay claiming he had molested, threatened and assaulted her. Bombay was arrested on Tuesday 23 September in Goa, The incident happened in Canacona village in south Goa where Pandey was shooting for a movie. However this sparked a controversy as many accused her of scamming and abusing the use of IPC Section 498A. Bombay was later released on bail and Pandey talked things over with him. Due to the sudden patch up just a few days after the incident and Bombay's arrest, many claimed and trolled her on social media that the whole incident was a publicity stunt. On 5 November 2020, Pandey was arrested in North Goa for filming a nude video on government property. The arrest came after the Goa Forward Party filed a complaint and FIR, and stated to the media that Pandey's video was an assault on the women of Goa. On 18 January 2022, she was given protection from arrest by the Supreme Court of India, after being accused of involvement in the major porn film racketing controversy scandal, that involved many Bollywood stars.


title: The Warriorr

text: The Warriorr is a 2022 Indian action film directed by N. Lingusamy and produced by Srinivasa Silver Screen. It is shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil languages. The film stars Ram Pothineni, Aadhi Pinisetty, Krithi Shetty, Akshara Gowda, and Nadhiya. The film score is composed by Devi Sri Prasad.


title: The Warriorr

text: Tamil film director Linguswamy began contemplating a Telugu–Tamil bilingual film in 2016 which would make his directorial debut in Telugu cinema. The film was announced in February 2021 with Pothineni as the lead. Principal Photography for the film in July 2021 and concluded in May 2022 with filming taking place primarily in Hyderabad and Chennai.


title: The Warriorr

text: "The Warriorr" was released on 14 July 2022 and opened to generally negative reviews from critics and audience alike. It was a huge commercial failure, grossing crore over a budget of crore.


title: The Warriorr

text: Satya is an MBBS graduate, who relocates to Kurnool/Madurai with his mother as he gets a job as doctor in a government hospital in Kurnool. He meets RJ Mahalakshmi, who is popularly known as "Whistle" Mahalakshmi, and soon develops feelings for her. He also learns about Guru, a ruthless gangster, who rules the city with an iron fist. Satya lodges a complaint against Guru, whose company has been manufacturing poisonous saline and is involved in the medical mafia. This resulted in the death of three children, but the police do not pay heed as they are afraid of Guru's atrocities. Guru learns of this and brutally thrashes Satya in front of the Konda Reddy fort and hangs him. However, he is saved by his hospital dean, Robert, in the nick of time. He tells Satya to never return to the city. Satya leaves the city, along with his mother and pregnant sister.


title: The Warriorr

text: Satya returns back to Kurnool/Madurai, this time, as the city's DSP. Satya wages a war between Guru and his gangsters, and also meets Maha after 2 years where he expresses that he had been thinking about her most of the time and especially when he hears a cooker or whistle sound. When Satya searches for the hospital dean Dr. Robert he comes to know from Dr. Rahim that Robert had died in an accident. Satya becomes suspicious that Guru must be the reason for his untimely death. Later, his appeal for re-postmortem of Robert gets approved but upon opening Robert's grave instead of Robert, Rahim's dead body is found in it. Enraged, Guru reveals to Satya that he killed Robert when the latter helped Satya escape from Kurnool/Madurai and killed Rahim for destroying the evidence against him. The next day, Guru contests in the elections, but Satya arrests him on charges of killing Robert, with the help of a pendrive, hidden by Rahim, which contained information and evidence regarding Guru's illegal activities. As a result, he is sent to prison.


title: The Warriorr

text: Guru's wife Swarna plots to kill Satya by stringing, but instead, Mahalakshmi gets hurt by getting a major cut on her throat as she was following Satya. Satya admits her to the hospital, where he learns that she might not be able to speak again. He gets informed that Guru has been released from prison. After being encouraged by his mother, Satya calls Guru back to the Konda Reddy fort, for a final showdown. After close hand-to-hand combat, Satya kills Guru and hangs him, in the same manner, that Guru hanged him before.