title: Aesop

text: Early on, the representation of Aesop as an ugly slave emerged. The later tradition which makes Aesop a black African resulted in depictions ranging from 17th-century engravings to a television portrayal by a black comedian. In general, beginning in the 20th century, plays have shown Aesop as a slave, but not ugly, while movies and television shows (such as "The Bullwinkle Show") have depicted him as neither ugly nor a slave.


title: Aesop

text: Perhaps the most elaborate celebration of Aesop and his fables was the Labyrinth of Versailles, a hedge maze constructed for Louis XIV with 39 fountains with lead sculptures depicting Aesop's fables. A statue of Aesop by Pierre Le Gros the Elder, depicted as a hunchback, stood on a pedestal at the entrance. Finished in 1677, the labyrinth was demolished in 1778, but the statue of Aesop survives and can be seen in the vestibule of the Queen's Staircase at Versailles.


title: Aesop

text: In 1843, the archaeologist Otto Jahn suggested that Aesop was the person depicted on a Greek red-figure cup, c. 450 BCE, in the Vatican Museums. Paul Zanker describes the figure as a man with "emaciated body and oversized head... furrowed brow and open mouth", who "listens carefully to the teachings of the fox sitting before him. He has pulled his mantle tightly around his meager body, as if he were shivering... he is ugly, with long hair, bald head, and unkempt, scraggly beard, and is clearly uncaring of his appearance." Some archaeologists have suggested that the Hellenistic statue of a bearded hunchback with an intellectual appearance, discovered in the 18th century and pictured at the head of this article, also depicts Aesop, although alternative identifications have since been put forward.


title: Aesop

text: Aesop began to appear equally early in literary works. The 4th century BCE Athenian playwright Alexis put Aesop on the stage in his comedy "Aesop", of which a few lines survive (Athenaeus 10.432); conversing with Solon, Aesop praises the Athenian practice of adding water to wine. Leslie Kurke suggests that Aesop may have been "a staple of the comic stage" of this era.


title: Aesop

text: The 3rd-century-BCE poet Poseidippus of Pella wrote a narrative poem entitled "Aesopia" (now lost), in which Aesop's fellow slave Rhodopis (under her original name Doricha) was frequently mentioned, according to Athenaeus 13.596. Pliny would later identify Rhodopis as Aesop's lover, a romantic motif that would be repeated in subsequent popular depictions of Aesop.


title: Aesop

text: Aesop plays a fairly prominent part in Plutarch's conversation piece "The Banquet of the Seven Sages" in the 1st century CE. The fabulist then makes a cameo appearance in the novel "A True Story" by the 2nd-century satirist Lucian; when the narrator arrives at the Island of the Blessed, he finds that "Aesop the Phrygian was there, too; he acts as their jester."


title: Aesop

text: Beginning with the Heinrich Steinhowel edition of 1476, many translations of the fables into European languages, which also incorporated Planudes' Life of Aesop, featured illustrations depicting him as a hunchback. The 1687 edition of "Aesop's Fables with His Life: in English, French and Latin" included 31 engravings by Francis Barlow that show him as a dwarfish hunchback, and his facial features appear to accord with his statement in the text (p. 7), "I am a Negro."


title: Aesop

text: The Spaniard Diego Velázquez painted a portrait of Aesop, dated 1639–40 and now in the collection of the Museo del Prado. The presentation is anachronistic and Aesop, while arguably not handsome, displays no physical deformities. It was partnered by another portrait of Menippus, a satirical philosopher equally of slave-origin. A similar philosophers series was painted by fellow Spaniard Jusepe de Ribera, who is credited with two portraits of Aesop. "Aesop, poet of the fables" is in the El Escorial gallery and pictures him as an author leaning on a staff by a table which holds copies of his work, one of them a book with the name Hissopo on the cover. The other is in the Museo de Prado, dated 1640–50 and titled "Aesop in beggar's rags." There he is also shown at a table, holding a sheet of paper in his left hand and writing with the other. While the former hints at his lameness and deformed back, the latter only emphasises his poverty.


title: Aesop

text: In 1690, French playwright Edmé Boursault's "Les fables d'Esope" (later known as "Esope à la ville") premiered in Paris. A sequel, "Esope à la cour" (Aesop at Court), was first performed in 1701; drawing on a mention in Herodotus 2.134-5 that Aesop had once been owned by the same master as Rhodopis, and the statement in Pliny 36.17 that she was Aesop's concubine as well, the play introduced Rodope as Aesop's mistress, a romantic motif that would be repeated in later popular depictions of Aesop.


title: Aesop

text: Sir John Vanbrugh's comedy "Aesop" was premièred at the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, London, in 1697 and was frequently performed there for the next twenty years. A translation and adaptation of Boursault's "Les fables d'Esope", Vanbrugh's play depicted a physically ugly Aesop acting as adviser to Learchus, governor of Cyzicus under King Croesus, and using his fables to solve romantic problems and quiet political unrest.


title: Aesop

text: In 1780, the anonymously authored novelette "The History and Amours of Rhodope" was published in London. The story casts the two slaves Rhodope and Aesop as unlikely lovers, one ugly and the other beautiful; ultimately Rhodope is parted from Aesop and marries the Pharaoh of Egypt. Some editions of the volume were illustrated with an engraving of a work by the painter Angelica Kauffman. "The Beautiful Rhodope in Love with Aesop" pictures Rhodope leaning on an urn; she holds out her hand to Aesop, who is seated under a tree and turns his head to look at her. His right arm rests on a cage of doves, as he points to the captive state of both of them. Otherwise, the picture illustrates how different the couple are. Rhodope and Aesop lean on opposite elbows, gesture with opposite hands, and while Rhodope's hand is held palm upwards, Aesop's is held palm downwards. She stands while he sits; he is dressed in dark clothes, she in lighter shades. When the theme of their relationship was taken up again by Walter Savage Landor, in the two dialogues between the pair in his series of "Imaginary Conversations", it is the difference in their ages that is most emphasised. Théodore de Banville's 1893 comedy "Ésope" later dealt with Aesop and Rhodopis at the court of King Croesus in Sardis.


title: Aesop

text: Along with Fontana's "Aesop Narrates His Fables to the Handmaids of Xanthus", two other 19th-century paintings show Aesop surrounded by listeners. Johann Michael Wittmer's "Aesop Tells His Fables" (1879) depicts the diminutive fabulist seated on a high pedestal, surrounded by an enraptured crowd. When Julian Russell Story's "Aesop's Fables" was exhibited in 1884, Henry James wrote to a correspondent: "Julian Story has a "very" clever & big Subject—"Aesop telling fables"…He has a real talent but…carries even further (with less ability) Sargent's danger—that of seeing the "ugliness" of things." Conversely, "Aesop Composing His Fables" by Charles Landseer (1799–1879) depicts a writer in a household setting, handsome and wearing an earring.


title: Aesop

text: The 20th century saw the publication of three novels about Aesop. A.D. Wintle's "Aesop" (London: Gollancz, 1943) was a plodding fictional biography described in a review of the time as so boring that it makes the fables embedded in it seem "complacent and exasperating." The two others, preferring the fictional "Life" to any approach to veracity, are genre works. In John Vornholt's "The Fabulist" (New York: Avon, 1993), "an ugly, mute slave is delivered from wretchedness by the gods and blessed with a wondrous voice. [It is] the tale of a most unlikely adventurer, dispatched to far and perilous realms to battle impossible beasts and terrible magicks."


title: Aesop

text: The other novel was George S. Hellman's "Peacock's Feather" (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1931). Its unlikely plot made it the perfect vehicle for the 1946 Hollywood spectacular, "Night in Paradise". A dashing (not ugly) Turhan Bey was cast as Aesop. In a plot containing "some of the most nonsensical screen doings of the year," he becomes entangled with the intended bride of King Croesus, a Persian princess played by Merle Oberon, and makes such a hash of it that he has to be rescued by the gods. The 1953 teleplay "Aesop and Rhodope" takes up another theme of his fictional history. Written by Helene Hanff, it was broadcast on Hallmark Hall of Fame with Lamont Johnson playing Aesop.


title: Aesop

text: The three-act "A raposa e as uvas" ("The Fox and the Grapes" 1953), marked Aesop's entry into Brazilian theatre. The three-act play was by Guilherme Figueiredo and has been performed in many countries, including a videotaped production in China in 2000 under the title or . The play is described as an allegory about freedom with Aesop as the main character.


title: Aesop

text: Occasions on which Aesop was played as black include Richard Durham's "Destination Freedom" radio show broadcast (1949), where the drama "The Death of Aesop" portrayed him as an Ethiopian. In 1971, Bill Cosby starred as Aesop in the TV production "Aesop's Fables - The Tortoise and the Hare". He was also played by Mhlekahi Mosiea in the 2010 South Africa adaptation of British playwright Peter Terson's musical "Aesop's Fables".


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is the presiding officer of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). The chairman is the highest-ranking and most senior military officer in the United States Armed Forces and the principal military advisor to the president, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the secretary of defense. While the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned officers, the chairman is prohibited by law from having operational command authority over the armed forces; however, the chairman assists the president and the secretary of defense in exercising their command functions.


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: The chairman convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs, an advisory body within the Department of Defense comprising the chairman, the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the chief of staff of the Army, the commandant of the Marine Corps, the chief of naval operations, the chief of staff of the Air Force, the chief of space operations, and the chief of the National Guard Bureau. The post of a statutory and permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff chair was created by the 1949 amendments to the National Security Act of 1947. The 1986 Goldwater–Nichols Act elevated the chairman from the first among equals to becoming the "principal military advisor" to the president and the secretary of defense.


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: The Joint Staff, managed by the director of the Joint Staff and consisting of military personnel from all the services, assists the chairman in fulfilling his duties to the president and secretary of defense, and functions as a conduit and collector of information between the chairman and the combatant commanders. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3).


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: Although the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered very important and highly prestigious, neither the chairman, the vice chairman, nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body has any command authority over combatant forces. The Goldwater–Nichols Act places the operational chain of command from the president to the secretary of defense directly to the commanders of the unified combatant commands. However the service chiefs do have authority over personnel assignments and oversight over resources and personnel allocated to the combatant commands within their respective services (derived from the service secretaries).


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: The chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the president and secretary of defense as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. The chairman also performs all other functions prescribed under or allocates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in the joint staff.


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: The principal deputy to the chairman is the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), another four-star general or admiral, who among many duties chairs the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC).


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Joint Staff, led by the director of the Joint Staff, a three-star general or admiral. The Joint Staff is an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force who have been assigned to assist the chairman with the unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, air, and space forces. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3).


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the senior enlisted advisor to the chairman, who serves as a communication conduit between the chairman and the senior enlisted advisors (command sergeants major, command master chief petty officers, and command chief master sergeants) of the combatant commands.


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, served as the chief of staff to the commander in chief of the Army and Navy from 20 July 1942 to 21 March 1949. He presided over meetings of what was called the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff", created in 1949.


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: The chairman is nominated by the president for appointment from any of the regular components of the armed forces, and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. The chairman and vice chairman may not be members of the same armed force service branch. However, the president may waive that restriction for a limited period of time in order to provide for the orderly transition of officers appointed to serve in those positions. The chairman serves a single four-year term of office at the pleasure of the president, with reappointment to additional terms only possible during times of war or national emergency. Historically, the chairman served two two-year terms, until the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 amended the chairman's term of office to a single four-year term. By statute, the chairman is appointed as a four-star general or admiral while holding office and assumes office on 1 October of odd-numbered years.


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: Although the first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley, was eventually awarded a fifth star, the CJCS does not receive one by right, and Bradley's award was so that his subordinate, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, would not outrank him. In the 1990s, there were proposals in Department of Defense academic circles to bestow on the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff a five-star rank.


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: Previously during the presidency of Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff position was rotated in accordance with the incumbent chairman's armed force service branch. In this rotation, the incoming chairman would be from a different service branch. For example, in 1957, following the retirement of Admiral Arthur W. Radford as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, President Eisenhower nominated United States Air Force general Nathan F. Twining as Radford's successor. When General Twining retired, Eisenhower nominated Army general Lyman Lemnitzer to succeed Twining as


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: However, in October 1962, when President Kennedy appointed Army general Maxwell Taylor as General Lemnitzer's successor, Kennedy eventually broke the traditional rotation for the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff position between the Air Force, Navy, Marines, and Army. Kennedy replaced a chairman who was from the Army with a general who was also from the Army. At that time, Kennedy should have appointed either Air Force chief of staff General Curtis E. LeMay, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral George Whelan Anderson Jr., or Commandant of the Marine Corps General David M. Shoup to succeed General Lemnitzer as the fifth chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Since that, the traditional rotation was abolished.


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was an Army general for three consecutive terms from 1960 to 1970: Army general Lyman Lemnitzer served as chairman from 1960 until 1962. Lemnitzer was replaced by Army general Maxwell Taylor, who served from 1962 until 1964. Taylor was replaced by Army general Earle Wheeler, who served from 1964 until 1970. The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was also an Army general for three consecutive terms from 1989 to 2001: Army general Colin Powell served as chairman from 1989 until 1993 and was succeeded by Army general John Shalikashvilli, who served from 1993 until 1997. When General Shalikashvilli retired in 1997, he was also succeeded by Army general Hugh Shelton, who served from 1997 until 2001. With Army general Mark Milley assuming the position of chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in October 2019, exactly half of the chairmen—10 out of 20—have been Army generals.


title: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: According to the Monthly Rates of Basic Pay (Commissioned Officer) - effective January 1, 2020 [actually 2022], basic pay is limited to the rate of basic pay for level II of the Executive Schedule in effect during calendar year 2022, which is $16,974.90 per month for officers at pay grades O-7 through O-10. This includes officers serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Space Operations, Commandant of the Coast Guard, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, or Commander of a unified or specified combatant command.


title: Chloe Fineman

text: Chloe Rose Fineman (born July 20, 1988) is an American actress, writer, and comedian. She became a featured player on "Saturday Night Live" starting in its 45th season in September 2019. She was promoted to repertory status in 2021 at the beginning of season 47.


title: Chloe Fineman

text: Fineman's parents are painter Ellen Gunn and biotechnology executive David Fineman. She has two sisters, visual artist Emma and CrossFit athlete Alexia (Leka). Her father is Jewish and her mother is a "WASP." Fineman was raised attending Camp Kee Tov, a Jewish day camp at Congregation Beth El in Berkeley.


title: Chloe Fineman

text: She graduated from Piedmont High School in 2006. The school's acting teacher described her as "equally brilliant with comedy and drama". As a junior, Fineman directed "Metamorphoses" by Mary Zimmerman; as a senior, she directed "The Vagina Monologues" by Eve Ensler; she also performed lead roles in "The Visit" by Friedrich Dürrenmatt and "Crimes of the Heart" by Beth Henley. Since her graduation, she has returned to the school to direct plays and lead workshops.


title: Chloe Fineman

text: While in high school, Fineman impersonated a peafowl on the "Late Show with David Letterman" after winning a bird calling competition.


title: Chloe Fineman

text: Fineman studied at the New York University Tisch School of the Arts and Stella Adler Studio, graduating in 2011.


title: Chloe Fineman

text: After graduating from college, Fineman moved to Los Angeles, where she performed in The Groundlings troupe's Sunday Company. She also performed in "Characters Welcome" at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre. In 2018, she was recognized as a "New Face" at the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal, and she was nominated for Best Comedian at the 2019 Shorty Awards. Her television appearances include "Jane the Virgin" and "Search Party".


title: Chloe Fineman

text: She maintains an online presence known in particular for her celebrity impressions in front-facing camera comedy videos. On Instagram, she has posted celebrity impressions as well as clips from her Groundlings work and stand-up comedy. On YouTube, she has done character impressions. In 2018, "Vulture" critic Luke Kelly-Clyne wrote that after seeing Fineman do impressions of Meryl Streep and others, "As I found out, that extra bit of genius she possesses – that intangible thing that takes a good impression to a great impression – is rooted in her ability to create entirely original characters who feel as real as anyone you've ever met," concluding, "Chloe Fineman is absolutely one of the most talented new performers right now, and she's long overdue for a break."


title: Chloe Fineman

text: Fineman's addition to the cast of "Saturday Night Live", the long-running NBC sketch-comedy show, as a featured player was announced on September 12, 2019, along with the addition of Bowen Yang and Shane Gillis. Alongside Yang and Heidi Gardner, Fineman was cited as the season's MVP by Andy Hoglund at "Entertainment Weekly". Her promotion to Repertory Status was announced on September 27, 2021, shortly before the show's 47th season began.


title: Chloe Fineman

text: Fineman's celebrity impressions on "SNL" include Drew Barrymore, Carole Baskin, Reese Witherspoon, Timothée Chalamet, Tiffany Trump, Lauren Boebert, Nicole Kidman, Marilyn Monroe, Nancy Pelosi, Sara Haines, Marianne Williamson, Diane Keaton (as Nina Banks from "Father of the Bride"), Jennifer Coolidge, and Britney Spears.


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life is an American comedy-drama streaming television miniseries created by Amy Sherman-Palladino and starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel. It is the unofficial eighth season and a sequel to the television series "Gilmore Girls" (2000–2007).


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: The miniseries sees the return of Sherman-Palladino and her husband Daniel Palladino to the series after leaving prior to season 7. The series consisted of four 88-to-102-minute episodes, which were released on November 25, 2016, on Netflix. Each episode follows the characters through one of the four seasons.


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: Due to her frequent travels as a freelance journalist, Rory Gilmore (Alexis Bledel) gives up her apartment in favor of staying at her friends' homes in New York, Stars Hollow, and London. In London, Rory stays with Logan Huntzberger (Matt Czuchry) while working on a book for the eccentric Naomi Shropshire (Alex Kingston). Although Logan is engaged, Rory and Logan are in a no strings attached affair. Rory has a boyfriend named Paul, though she never remembers him. When Naomi fires her and Logan's fiancée moves in, Rory struggles with her lack of a career and her relationship with Logan. She meets with Jess Mariano (Milo Ventimiglia), who encourages her to write her own book about her life with her mother.


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: Emily Gilmore (Kelly Bishop) grieves the recent death of her husband Richard (Edward Herrmann) and tricks her daughter Lorelai Gilmore (Lauren Graham) into starting therapy with her. Lorelai has also been feeling lost due to the death of her father, the career progressions of her long-time business partners, and her relationship with Luke Danes (Scott Patterson). Lorelai and Luke have been dating for over ten years but have yet to marry or discuss children. They consider using a surrogate, and attend a fertility clinic run by Paris Geller (Liza Weil). After fighting with Lorelai about the book idea, Rory storms off, and Lorelai heads to Patty's Dance Studio where "Stars Hollow: The Musical" is being performed. Leading lady Violet's ballad ("Unbreakable") inspires Lorelai to go on the Pacific Crest Trail and forget about her problems in a similar manner to .


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: Emily eventually accepts her husband's death, sells their home, effectively quits the DAR, and moves to Nantucket, single and independent for the first time in her life. Despite never actually hiking, Lorelai returns from her trip, reconciles with Emily and Rory, and asks Luke to marry her. Rory visits her father, Christopher Hayden (David Sutcliffe), to inform him of the wedding. She asks him why he allowed Lorelai to raise her as a single mother, and they agree that it turned out for the best. Luke and Lorelai marry in the gazebo and, in the final scene of the series, Rory reveals to Lorelai that she is pregnant.


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: Many musicians showed up in the revival playing songs in the town square as temporary troubadours. Some featured:


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: On September 15, 2010, Lauren Graham told "Vanity Fair" that a "Gilmore Girls" movie is a definite possibility: "people with power, people who could actually make it happen, are talking about it." She stated the same thing in March 2013 through her Twitter account in the wake of companion show "Veronica Mars" earning Kickstarter funding for their film, saying it would be Sherman-Palladino's call for a film.


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: On June 11, 2012, while being interviewed for her new show "Bunheads", creator Amy Sherman-Palladino reflected on the contract dispute and her own departure in an interview with Vulture, saying: "It was a botched negotiation. It really was about the fact that I was working too much. I was going to be the crazy person who was locked in my house and never came out. I heard a lot of 'Amy doesn't need a writing staff because she and [her husband] Dan Palladino write everything!' I thought, "That's a great mentality on your part, but if you want to keep the show going for two more years, let me hire more writers". By the way, all this shit we asked for? They had to do [it] anyway when we left. They hired this big writing staff and a producer-director onstage. That's what bugged me the most. They wound up having to do what we'd asked for anyway, and I wasn't there."


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: In May 2015, in an interview on the "Gilmore Guys" podcast, Scott Patterson said: "There are talks going on at the moment. I can't really go into any detail, but there is some activity. So I'm hopeful, and you know, I'm in. [...] I think there's a lot of territory left unexplored that we could explore in a limited series or a TV movie or feature film, whatever that may be. I think it really just comes down to the script. I think everybody would jump on board." At the June 2015 ATX Television Festival in Austin, Texas, the cast reunited with creator Amy Sherman-Palladino where she told the audience, "I'm sorry, there's nothing in the works at the moment."


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: In October 2015, it was reported on TVLine that Netflix struck a deal with Warner Bros. to revive the series in a limited run, consisting of four 90-minute episodes. It was reported that Sherman-Palladino would be in charge of the new episodes. In April 2016, Sherman-Palladino said that the 90-minute format was inspired by the series "Sherlock", of which she is a fan: "They're their own mini-movies. It felt like a format that would work well for us on a storytelling level".


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: On October 25, 2015, during a Wizard World Tulsa pop culture convention Q&A, Milo Ventimiglia stated, "I've always been pretty vocal about "Gilmore" and I know everybody's been waiting, and I was like, 'That will never happen,' and it's totally happening. While I was actually here, I got an email from the producers. Again, I'm always vocal (about producers) Amy Sherman-Palladino and Dan Palladino; they're two of my favorite people and two of my favorite writers ever of all time. Just to be able to speak their words again, of course I would do it. So I told them, yeah, of course I'll do it."


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: On January 29, 2016, Netflix and Warner Bros. officially confirmed the revival, tentatively titled "Gilmore Girls: Seasons". Filming of the new episodes had started in Los Angeles as of February 2, 2016, and was scheduled to last until June 30, 2016, with Amy Sherman-Palladino and Daniel Palladino returning as writers and directors. On May 19, 2016, it was announced that the revival would be titled "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life".


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: Producer Gavin Polone, who was involved in the original series as an executive producer with talent manager Judy Hofflund under their defunct Hofflund-Polone banner, sued Warner Bros. Television for a credit on the miniseries and additional payments for his early involvement in the original series (Hofflund retired from the business in 2013 and pursued no credits). Polone ultimately played no role in the miniseries and was uncredited when it was released. David S. Rosenthal, who took over as showrunner for Sherman-Palladino in the last season, also had no involvement in "A Year in the Life".


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: On January 29, 2016, the day the revival was confirmed, it was reported that Lauren Graham, Alexis Bledel, Scott Patterson, Kelly Bishop, Sean Gunn, and Keiko Agena were set to return. Yanic Truesdale confirmed his return on Twitter later that day, as did David Sutcliffe. On February 1, 2016, Tanc Sade, who played Logan's friend, Finn, confirmed through his Twitter account that he would be joining the cast to reprise his role. On that same day, Aris Alvarado, who played Caesar, confirmed that he would be returning. Also on February 1, 2016, Mike Gandolfi confirmed that he was returning as Andrew in the series revival. In an interview with TVLine, Kelly Bishop confirmed that Rose Abdoo and Liza Weil would be returning for the revival. Matt Czuchry, Milo Ventimiglia, and Jared Padalecki would also return.


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: On February 10, 2016, Sally Struthers, Michael Winters, and Liz Torres, reprising the roles of Babette Dell, Taylor Doose, and Miss Patty LaCosta respectively, were announced as returning characters through detective work by a fan website. Carole King was also confirmed as returning to reprise her sometimes role of Sophie Bloom. Sutton Foster, from Palladino's "Bunheads", was also cast. That same day, musician Grant Lee Phillips, who portrayed as a town troubadour, announced that he was reprising his role. On February 11, 2016, it was confirmed that Emily Kuroda would reprise her role as Mrs. Kim, Lane's mother, by TVLine. On the same day, "Entertainment Weekly" confirmed that David Sutcliffe, who played Christopher Hayden, would return for the revival as well. Danny Strong confirmed on February 11 that he, too, would be reprising his role as Doyle. Also on February 11, it was confirmed by "Variety" that Vanessa Marano, who played Luke's daughter, would be returning to the revival. On February 16, 2016, Sparky, the dog that played Lorelai's dog, Paul Anka, was confirmed as returning in the Netflix revival.


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: Babette's husband, Morey, played by Ted Rooney, was confirmed as returning on February 17. On February 19, 2016, Jackson Douglas, who played Sookie's husband, Jackson, confirmed that he would be returning to the cast to reprise his role, despite rumors that Melissa McCarthy would not be reprising her role. On February 21, 2016, Gregg Henry, who played Mitchum Huntzberger, confirmed in an interview that he would reprise his role in the series. On February 23, 2016, Alan Loayza, who played Colin McCrae, Logan's friend, confirmed that he would reprise his role via his Twitter. Nick Holmes, who played the smaller role of Robert Grimaldi, confirmed through his Twitter account that he was returning to the series on February 29, 2016.


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: On March 9, 2016, Biff Yeager, who played the character Tom, confirmed through his Twitter account that he would return for the Netflix revival. On March 15, 2016, Dakin Matthews, who played Chilton's headmaster, Hanlin Charleston, was confirmed as returning for his role. On March 25, 2016, John Cabrera, who played Brian Fuller in Lane's band, Hep Alien, confirmed that not only he but all four members of the band would be returning to the series, including other members Zack Van Gerbig, who was played by Todd Lowe, and Gil, who was played by rock musician Sebastian Bach. On March 29, 2016, Chris Eigeman, who played the character of Jason Stiles in season 4, announced on Twitter that he was returning in the revival. On April 7, 2016, Melissa McCarthy officially announced on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" that she would be returning for the revival.


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life" received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the series an approval rating of 87%, based on 87 reviews, with an average rating of 7.66/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life" provides a faithful and successful revival of the quirky, sweet, and beloved series fans fell in love with over a decade ago." On Metacritic, the series has a score of 75 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life

text: Some critics, however, suggested that the series didn't match the standards of the original show. NME's Luke Morgan Britton wrote: "Such nostalgic-fuelled expectations could never have been adequately matched, but the majority consensus from viewers since the new episodes dropped has been: “How did this all go so badly wrong?” Maybe, many wonder, it would’ve been better to not have gotten any new episodes at all. The new miniseries A Year In The Life does a brilliant job of shattering the hopes and dreams of fans."<ref>


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: Christopher McQuarrie is an American filmmaker. He received the BAFTA Award, Independent Spirit Award, and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the neo-noir mystery film "The Usual Suspects" (1995).


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: He made his directorial debut with the crime thriller film "The Way of the Gun" (2000). He is a frequent collaborator with Tom Cruise, having written and directed the action films "Jack Reacher" (2012), "" (2015), "" (2018), and the upcoming sequels "" (2023) and "" (2024), in addition to producing the latter three, while also being a part of the writing and/or producing team on the films "Valkyrie" (2008), "Edge of Tomorrow" (2014), "" (2016), "The Mummy" (2017), and "" (2022).


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: McQuarrie was born in Princeton, New Jersey. After graduating from West Windsor-Plainsboro High School South in 1986, he worked as an assistant at Christ Church Grammar School in Perth, Western Australia, recalling in 2013, “I was offered an Interim program ... I picked a place out of a hat and ended up at Christ Church Grammar School. I lived at the school and worked at the boarding school, though I did very little work". Fired after nine months, "I hitchhiked for three months, came home, knocked around for about a month and then immediately started working for this detective agency... [It] was actually a glorified security-guard position. I think in the four years I worked there I did about six investigations."


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: McQuarrie's first feature film was the 1993 thriller "Public Access", directed by Bryan Singer. It won the Critics Award at the Deauville American Film Festival and shared the Sundance Film Festival's Grand Jury Prize. It was not released theatrically in the United States. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, it received an approval rating of 58%.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: McQuarrie wrote "The Usual Suspects" (1995), for which he received Best Screenplay awards from the British and American Academy Awards, as well as from "Premiere Magazine", the Texas Board of Review, and the Chicago Critics, as well as the Edgar Award and Independent Spirit Award. It was later included on the "New York Times" list of the 1000 greatest films ever made, and the character Verbal Kint was included on AFI's list of the 100 greatest Heroes and Villains of all time. In 2006, the Writers Guild of America voted "The Usual Suspects" #35 on their list of 101 Greatest Screenplays. In his third collaboration with Singer, McQuarrie did an extensive rewrite on "X-Men", but ultimately removed his name from the project.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: In 2000, McQuarrie made his directorial debut with "The Way of the Gun", a modern-day Western for which he also wrote the script. It starred Benicio del Toro, Ryan Phillippe and James Caan. The film, budgeted at US$8.5 million, received mixed reviews and grossed US$13 million worldwide.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: Eight years later, McQuarrie co-wrote (with Nathan Alexander) and co-produced "Valkyrie", which opened on December 25, 2008, and is based on the real-life July 20, 1944, plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. While researching the screenplay, the writers had access to members of the Stauffenberg family; consulted a book written by Fabian von Schlabrendorff, a conspirator who survived; and spoke with Hitler's surviving bodyguard. The film, starring Tom Cruise and directed by Bryan Singer, received the BMI Film Music Award and the Bambi Award for Courage. In 2009, McQuarrie was hired to pen the script for the then-untitled "The Wolverine".


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: McQuarrie co-wrote the 2010 film "The Tourist" with Julian Fellowes, Jeffrey Nachmanoff and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck. It starred Johnny Depp and Angelina Jolie and grossed US$278 million worldwide. It received three Golden Globe Award nominations and several other awards, among them the Redbox Movie Award for the most rented drama of 2011.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: In 2011, McQuarrie directed his second feature, "Jack Reacher", an adaptation of "One Shot", the ninth in the series of 21 Jack Reacher novels by Lee Child. Filming began in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area on October 3, 2011, and continued through the end of January 2012. The movie was released in December 2012 by Paramount Pictures. In 2012, McQuarrie stepped in to rewrite the script for "World War Z" after Drew Goddard and Damon Lindelof left the film.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: 2013 saw the release of McQuarrie's fourth collaboration with Singer, "Jack the Giant Slayer", co-written by McQuarrie. Critical reviews were mixed, and it was a box office failure, grossing only US$198 million against an estimated US$240 million budget (excluding promotion). McQuarrie co-wrote the 2014 science fiction action thriller "Edge of Tomorrow" with Jez and John-Henry Butterworth, based on the Japanese novel "All You Need Is Kill". While the film underperformed at the box office on its opening weekend, earning only US$28.8 million, it received strong reviews and became a word-of-mouth hit, grossing just over US$100 million at the domestic box office.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: McQuarrie completed his third feature as director in 2015. "", the fifth entry in the , which he co-wrote with Drew Pearce. It received strong reviews, grossed over US$195 million at the North American box office, and won a Golden Tomato for Best Action-Adventure Movie of 2015. McQuarrie followed it with "" in 2018, his third directing collaboration with Tom Cruise. It received strong reviews from Rotten Tomatoes and other critic websites, became the franchise's highest-grossing title, and won the Critic's Choice award for Best Action Film and a Golden Tomato for Best Action-Adventure Movie of 2018.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: By October 2015, McQuarrie completed a rewrite of "" and spent two weeks "tightening up the story". McQuarrie and screenwriter Dylan Kussman were commissioned by Tom Cruise to write a new script for "The Mummy". McQuarrie and Cruise collaborated again on "", for which McQuarrie co-wrote the screenplay and produced the film.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: Initially hesitant to return to the franchise, McQuarrie finalized a deal to write and direct "" and "" in January 2019, which are scheduled for release on July 14, 2023, and June 28, 2024, respectively.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: In February 2011, McQuarrie was hired by Skydance Media to write and produce a feature film adaptation of the 1970s animated television series "Star Blazers" (itself an adaptation of anime "Space Battleship Yamato"). In 2013, he was selected to direct the project, with Zach Dean being hired to write a new draft of the script in 2017. McQuarrie has also signed on to direct thrillers "Ice Station Zebra", based on the 1963 novel and its 1968 film adaptation, "Three to Kill", based on the novel by Jean-Patrick Manchette, and "The Chameleon", based on a "New Yorker" article by David Grann about Frédéric Bourdin.


title: Christopher McQuarrie

text: In August 2022, McQuarrie announced on the "Light the Fuse" podcast that he was developing a new project with Tom Cruise, to be co-written by Erik Jendresen, which he claimed would be "gnarlier" than the "Mission: Impossible" films and described as being "something we’ve talked about for a really long time. It’s way outside of what you’re used to seeing Tom do."


title: Jesse Watters

text: Jesse Bailey Watters (born July 9, 1978) is an American conservative political commentator on Fox News. He frequently appeared on the political talk show "The O'Reilly Factor" and was known for his man-on-the-street interviews, featured in his segment "Watters' World", which would become its own show in 2015. In January 2017, "Watters' World" became weekly, and in April 2017, he became a co-host of the roundtable series "The Five". In 2022, Watters became host of "Jesse Watters Primetime".


title: Jesse Watters

text: Watters was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, son of Stephen Hapgood Watters, a teacher, and child psychologist Anne Purvis, daughter of Morton Bailey, Jr., publisher of "Better Homes and Gardens" magazine. Her grandfather, Morton Bailey, published "The Saturday Evening Post"; his father was the politician Morton S. Bailey. Watters' paternal grandfather, Dr Franklin Benjamin Watters, was a cardiologist at the Veterans Administration Hospital at Newington, Connecticut, and a professor at the University of Connecticut Medical Dental School. He has some Irish ancestry on his father's side. Watters is named after his mother's great-grandfather Jesse Andrew Burnett, an associate chief justice of the Kansas Supreme Court.


title: Jesse Watters

text: Watters grew up in the Germantown and then East Falls neighborhoods. He attended the William Penn Charter School through junior year, before moving with his family to Long Island in New York. In 2001, he graduated from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, with a B.A. in history.


title: Jesse Watters

text: After his graduation, Watters began work as a production assistant at Fox News. In 2003, he moved to the production staff of "The O'Reilly Factor", and in 2004 he began to appear on air in segments of O'Reilly's show.


title: Jesse Watters

text: On June 11, 2014, Watters debuted on the Fox News show "Outnumbered", later occasionally appearing as a guest co-host. On November 20, 2015, Watters debuted his own monthly Fox News program, "Watters' World". While Watters is characterized as an "ambush journalist", Watters has said, "I try to make it enjoyable for the person I'm interviewing. We always come away from the interview all smiles, for the most part. And it's always fun to come back and look at the footage and say, 'Oh my gosh, what just happened?'" In January 2017, "Watters' World" became a weekly show, airing Saturdays at 8 p.m. ET.


title: Jesse Watters

text: In April 2021, HarperCollins announced the publication of Watters' new book "How I Saved the World", which was published on July 6. The book debuted at number one on "The New York Times" nonfiction best-seller list for the week ending July 10, 2021.


title: Jesse Watters

text: After serving as one of several rotating fill-in hosts in the network's 7 PM time slot, it was announced on January 10, 2022 that Watters would become the permanent host of a new primetime show, titled "Jesse Watters Primetime", which debuted on January 24, 2022.


title: Jesse Watters

text: "Watters' World" ended on January 15, 2022, while Watters continues to serve as co-host of "The Five."


title: Jesse Watters

text: In 2009, on assignment for "The O'Reilly Factor", Watters and his cameraman followed journalist Amanda Terkel in her car for two hours while she drove to Winchester, VA for vacation, and then accosted her to ask her questions about an article she wrote that was critical of Bill O'Reilly.


title: Jesse Watters

text: Seven years later, at a journalists' reception, "The Huffington Post"'s Ryan Grim approached Watters with his phone camera running and asked him to walk over to Terkel and apologize. Watters at first said he would apologize and then said he wouldn't, adding, "I ambushed her because O'Reilly told me to get her because she said some bad shit."


title: Jesse Watters

text: Video of the incident shows Watters then grabbing Grim's phone and throwing it on the floor, and later grabbing it again and putting it in his pocket. Eventually, the two got into a shoving match, as Grim attempted to recover his phone. Watters later commented on the incident on "The O'Reilly Factor", stating, "I was at this party trying to enjoy myself. This guy came up to me. He starts putting it in my face."


title: Jesse Watters

text: Terkel wrote that Watters' response was "surprising", considering that "Watters' way of confronting his subjects is to thrust cameras in their faces unexpectedly and pepper them with aggressive questions."


title: Jesse Watters

text: In October 2016, Watters was criticized for a segment of "Watters' World" that was widely considered racist toward Asian Americans. In New York City's Chinatown, Watters asked Chinese Americans if they knew karate (which originates from Japan, not China), if he should bow before he greets them, or if their watches were stolen. Throughout the segment, the 1974 song "Kung Fu Fighting" plays in the background, and the interviews are interspersed with references to martial arts and clips of Watters getting a foot massage and playing with nunchucks. New York City mayor Bill de Blasio denounced Watters' segment as "vile, racist behavior" that "has no place in our city". Numerous other lawmakers and journalists, including Asian Americans Mazie Hirono and Judy Chu, also condemned Watters. The segment was also criticized by the Asian American Journalists Association, which issued a statement saying, "We should be far beyond tired, racist stereotypes and targeting an ethnic group for humiliation and objectification on the basis of their race."


title: Jesse Watters

text: On October 5, Watters tweeted what "Variety"'s Will Thorne called a "non-apology" about the segment. In the two tweets, Watters stated that "My man-on-the-street interviews are meant to be taken as tongue-in-cheek and I regret if anyone found offense. ... As a political humorist, the Chinatown segment was intended to be a light piece, as all "Watters' World" segments are."


title: Jesse Watters

text: In January 2017, Watters faulted John Podesta, Hillary Clinton's campaign manager, for the theft of Podesta's emails by Russian hackers, saying, "What happened was John Podesta gave his password to a hacker. And guess what his password was. 'Password.' It's a true story. His password was 'password.'" The fact-checking website PolitiFact rated Watters' claim "False."


title: Jesse Watters

text: In April 2017, two days after joining "The Five" as co-host, Watters made an on-air comment about Ivanka Trump that was criticized as lewd. After viewing footage of Trump speaking on a panel about female entrepreneurship, Watters commented, "So I don't really get what's going on here, but I really liked how she was speaking into that microphone," as he parodied holding the microphone as a phallic symbol. Watters denied his comment was sexual, saying in a statement: "During the break we were commenting on Ivanka's voice and how it was low and steady and resonates like a smooth jazz radio DJ ... This was in no way a joke about anything else." In response to the criticism, Watters was not on the show for two days that week.


title: Jesse Watters

text: In July 2020, Jesse Watters praised the conspiracy theory QAnon during his show, saying: "they've also uncovered a lot of great stuff when it comes to Epstein and it comes to the deep state. I never saw Q as dangerous as antifa." After public backlash, Watters released a statement saying: "I mentioned the conspiracy group QAnon, which I don't support or believe in. My comments should not be mistaken for giving credence to this fringe platform."


title: Jesse Watters

text: At Turning Point USA's 2022 AmericaFest conference, while advocating for attendees to aggressively confront and question Dr. Anthony Fauci about his alleged funding of gain-of-function research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Watters said, "Now you go in for the kill shot. The kill shot? With an ambush? Deadly. Because he doesn't see it coming." Fauci responded by calling Watters' remarks "awful" and said that Watters "should be fired on the spot". Fox News indicated their support for Watters, saying he "was using a metaphor", and that his comments "had been twisted completely out of context".


title: Jesse Watters

text: On April 11, 2022, during an episode of The Five, Watters said that he duped his now-wife, Emma DiGiovine, into spending time with him by intentionally letting the air out of her car tires and then offering her a ride in his vehicle.


title: Jesse Watters

text: When asked if that was the first time he had used that deception, Watters indirectly answered the question by saying "It works like a charm." When asked if his wife knew about this, Watters said "Now she does". It has been reported that Watters was married to his first wife when this occurred.


title: Jesse Watters

text: On the April 25, 2022 episode of "The Five", Watters appeared to clarify his remarks by saying that he was simply "joking" and that he "never deflated anyone's tires". He jokingly referred to this incident as "TireGate".


title: Jesse Watters

text: Watters is registered to vote as a member of the Conservative Party of New York State. He married Noelle Inguagiato in 2009 and had twin daughters with her. Noelle filed for divorce in 2018 after Watters admitted to an affair with a producer on his show, Emma DiGiovine. Inguagiato and Watters' divorce was finalized in March 2019. Watters announced his engagement to DiGiovine in August 2019 and they married in December of the same year. Their son was born in 2021.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Emmitt James Smith III (born May 15, 1969) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for 15 seasons, primarily with the Dallas Cowboys. Among other accolades, he is the league's all-time leading rusher.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith grew up in Pensacola, Florida, and became the second-leading rusher in American high school football history while playing for Escambia High School. Smith played three years of college football for the Florida Gators, where he set numerous school rushing records. After being named a unanimous All-American in 1989, Smith chose to forgo his senior year of eligibility and play professionally.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: The Cowboys selected Smith in the first round of the 1990 NFL draft. During his long professional career, he rushed for 18,355 yards, breaking the record formerly held by Walter Payton. He also holds the record for career rushing touchdowns with 164. Smith is the only running back to ever win a Super Bowl championship, the NFL Most Valuable Player award, the NFL rushing crown, and the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player award all in the same season (1993). He is also one of four running backs to lead the NFL in rushing three or more consecutive seasons, joining Steve Van Buren, Jim Brown and Earl Campbell. Smith led the league in rushing and won the Super Bowl in the same year three times (1992, 1993, and 1995) when to that point it had never been done. Smith is also one of only two non-kickers in NFL history to score more than 1,000 career points (the other being Jerry Rice). Smith was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2010 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2006.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith played thirteen seasons with the Cowboys and two with the Arizona Cardinals. While playing for Dallas, Smith plus quarterback Troy Aikman and wide receiver Michael Irvin were known as "The Triplets," and they led their team to three Super Bowl championships during the 1990s.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith was born in Pensacola, Florida, the son of Mary J. Smith and Emmitt James Smith, Jr. At the age of eight, he played his first organized football game on a team that was sponsored by the Salvation Army. He attended Escambia High School in Pensacola, where he played high school football and ran track for the Escambia Gators. During Smith's high school football career, Escambia won two state football championships, and Smith rushed for 106 touchdowns and 8,804 yards, which was the second most yardage in the history of American high school football at the time. Emmitt rushed for over 100 yards in 45 of the 49 games he started for Escambia (including the last 28 in a row) and finished with a 7.8 yards per carry average. Twice, he broke the 2,000-yard rushing mark in a season. In track & field, Smith competed as a sprinter and was a member of the 4 × 100 m (42.16 s) relay squad.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: For his efforts, Smith was named the "USA Today" and "Parade" magazine high school player of the year for 1986. In 2007, twenty years after Smith graduated from high school, the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA) named Smith to its All-Century Team and recognized him as the Florida high school football "Player of the Century."


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Despite his accomplishments and accolades, some college recruiting analysts opined that he was too small and too slow to succeed in major college football when he signed to play for the University of Florida. Recruiting expert Max Emfinger didn't list Smith among the top 50 high school running backs in his high school class and opined that, "Emmitt Smith is a lugger, not a runner. He's not fast. He can't get around the corner. When he falls flat on his face, remember where you heard it first."


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he played for coach Galen Hall's Gators for three seasons He did not start the first two games of his college career in the fall of 1987, but made the most of his opportunities in a second-week rout of Tulsa in which he gained 109 yards on just ten carries, including a 66-yard touchdown run. That performance earned him a spot in the starting lineup the following week in the Gators' SEC opener against Alabama at Legion Field.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In his first collegiate start, Smith promptly broke Florida's 57-year-old all-time single game rushing record held by Red Bethea, carrying 39 times for 224 yards and two touchdowns as the Gators upset the Crimson Tide. Smith went on to break the 1,000-yard barrier in the seventh game of his freshman season, the fastest any running back had ever broken that barrier to begin his college career. He finished the season with 1,341 yards, was named SEC and National Freshman of the Year, and was ninth in the balloting for the Heisman Trophy.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith and the Gators began the 1988 season strong as Smith averaged over 120 yards per game, leading his team to 5-0 start. During the sixth contest against Memphis State, Smith injured his knee and was forced out of action for several weeks. The Gators lost the game in which he was injured plus their next three games, and with starting quarterback Kyle Morris also injured, they were unable to muster a single touchdown over 14 quarters of play. Once Smith returned to the lineup, they rebounded to finish the season 7-5, including a win in the 1988 All-American Bowl in which Smith ran for a 55-yard touchdown on the first play from scrimmage and was named the game's MVP. Smith rushed for 988 yards on the year (not including the bowl game) at 110 yards per game, the lowest totals of his college career.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith stayed healthy throughout his junior season in 1989 and found success again. He finished the campaign with Florida records for rushing yards in a season (1,599), rushing yards in a single game (316 versus New Mexico in October 1989), longest rushing play (96 yards against Mississippi State in 1988), career rushing yards (3,928), career rushing yards per game (126.7) and career rushing touchdowns (36), among many others. In all, Smith owned 58 school records at the conclusion of his Florida career despite playing on Florida teams with virtually no passing game, which made him the focal point of opposing defenses.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: At the conclusion of his junior season in 1989, Smith was named a first-team SEC selection for the third year and SEC Player of the Year, was a unanimous first-team All-American, and finished seventh in the Heisman Trophy balloting. In his final game in the Freedom Bowl, he had few rushing attempts after Florida fell behind Washington early and were forced


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Days later on January 1, 1990, Steve Spurrier was introduced as the Gators' new Smith, concerned about his potential role in Spurrier's reportedly pass-first offense, decided to forgo his senior year at Florida and enter the NFL draft, which for the first time in history allowed juniors to be eligible. Smith returned to the university during the NFL off-season and completed his bachelor's degree in 1996.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith was subsequently inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great" in 1999, the Gator Football Ring of Honor and the College Football Hall of Fame As part of a series of articles written for "The Gainesville Sun" in 2006, he was recognized as the No. 3 all-time player among the top 100 from the first 100 years of the Gators football program.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In the 1990 NFL Draft the Dallas Cowboys considered drafting linebacker James Francis with their first round selection, but after he was taken by the Cincinnati Bengals, the Cowboys focused on improving their running game when Smith started dropping, because despite his collegiate success, some NFL teams still felt that Smith was too small and slow for the pro game. The Cowboys traded up with the Pittsburgh Steelers moving from the 21st to the 17th position, in exchange for a third round draft choice (#81-Craig Veasey), to select Smith in the first round. Even though he missed all of the preseason after having the longest holdout by a rookie in franchise history, he was able to start 15 games, rush for 937 yards and 11 touchdowns, while being named NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year and receiving Pro Bowl honors.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 1991, he registered 1,563 rushing yards and 12 touchdowns. He also clinched the first of four rushing titles, after tallying 160 yards against the Atlanta Falcons in the season finale.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 1992, he set the Cowboys' single-season franchise record and won the rushing title with 1,713 yards. He also became the first player to win the league's rushing title and the Super Bowl in the same season.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 1993, he missed all of training camp and the first 2 regular season games. The Cowboys lost both contests with rookie Derrick Lassic running in his place. With the season in jeopardy the Cowboys relented and reached an agreement, making Smith the highest paid running back in the league. Smith posted 1,486 rushing yards, 9 touchdowns and helped the Cowboys become the first team to win a Super Bowl after starting the season 0-2. He also received the league MVP and the Super Bowl XXVIII MVP award. On October 31, his 237 rushing yards against the Philadelphia Eagles set the single-season franchise record. His career signature game came in the season finale against the New York Giants, with the Cowboys desperately trying to clinch the NFC East title and a first-round bye in the playoffs, Smith suffered a first-degree separation in his right shoulder during the first half, but still finished with 229 total yards and played a key role in a 16-13 overtime win.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: The next season saw Smith led the league with 21 rushing touchdowns, a new career-high despite battling a hamstring pull late in the season. However, the Cowboys lost the NFC Championship Game to the 49ers.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 1995, Smith became the first player in league history to rush for 1,400 rushing yards or more in five consecutive seasons and set the NFL record with 25 rushing touchdowns. Smith, Jim Brown, Adrian Peterson and LaDainian Tomlinson are the only players with seven straight ten-touchdown seasons to start their careers. He also broke two of Tony Dorsett's Dallas franchise rushing records, the first for most consecutive initial games of a season with 100+ rushing yards (Smith's four to Dorsett's three) and the second for single-season rushing yards (1,773 to Dorsett's 1,646). Both records would hold for 19 years until 2014, when DeMarco Murray rushed for 100+ yards in each of his first eight games and accumulated 1,845 rushing yards over the course of the season.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 1996, he scored his 100th career rushing touchdown and surpassed 10,000 career rushing yards, becoming just the twelfth player in league history and the youngest one to reach this milestone.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 1998, he became the Cowboys' all-time leading rusher (passing Dorsett) and the NFL's all-time rushing touchdown leader (surpassing Marcus Allen). The next year, he became the NFL's all-time leader in career postseason rushing yards (1,586) and postseason rushing touchdowns (19).


title: Emmitt Smith

text: With 1,021 rushing yards in 2001, Smith became the first player in NFL history with 11 consecutive 1,000 yard seasons and the first to post eleven 1,000-yard rushing seasons in a career.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 2002, he reached the goal he set as a rookie, finishing the season with 17,162 career yards and breaking the NFL rushing record previously held by Walter Payton against the Seattle Seahawks. In the same game against the Seahawks, Smith ran for a touchdown that gave him 150 career rushing touchdowns. After the season, the Cowboys hired head coach Bill Parcells who wanted to go with younger running backs and released Smith on February 26, 2003.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: On March 26, 2003, Smith signed a two-year contract as a free agent with the Arizona Cardinals, who were not only looking for Smith to improve their team, but also helped them promote it with their local fan base. Responding to questions about what he could do as a 34-year old running back, he said "I think I'm a 1,300-yard back, and I will be out to prove that." Head Coach Dave McGinnis announced that Smith would start for the Cardinals. On October 5, in a highly anticipated game, he returned to Texas Stadium to play against the Cowboys, but suffered a broken left shoulder blade after safety Roy Williams hit him in the second quarter. The Cardinals lost 7-24, and Smith's 6 carries for minus-1 yards marked the first time in his career he rushed for negative yardage. The injury forced him to miss 6 games, and he eventually finished the season with 256 rushing yards and averaged just 2.8 yards per carry.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 2004, new head coach Dennis Green was hired and named Smith as the team's starter at running back. He posted 937 rushing yards and 9 touchdowns. He also became the oldest player in NFL history ever to throw his first touchdown pass, throwing a 21-yard touchdown strike on a halfback option play, the only passing attempt of his career.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith had 1,193 rushing yards, 11 rushing touchdowns and averaged 3.2 yards per carry in his 2-year time in Arizona. He also had 212 receiving yards, no receiving touchdowns and averaged 7.3 yards per reception in his 2-year time with the Arizona Cardinals.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Three days before Super Bowl XXXIX on February 3, 2005, Smith announced his retirement from the NFL. He was not re-signed by the Cardinals and signed a one-day contract for one dollar with the Dallas Cowboys, after which he immediately retired with the team he had played with for most of his career.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith currently holds the NFL record in career rushing yards with 18,355, breaking the previous record held by Walter Payton, on October 27, 2002. He leads all running backs with 164 career rushing touchdowns, and his 175 total touchdowns ranks him second only to Jerry Rice's 208. The total of his rushing yards, receiving yards (3,224) and fumble return yards (-15) gives him a total of 21,564 yards from the line of scrimmage, making him one of only four players in NFL history to eclipse the 21,000 combined-yards mark. (The others are Jerry Rice, Brian Mitchell and Walter Payton)


title: Emmitt Smith

text: He is the NFL's all-time leader in rushing attempts with 4,409, the only player to post three seasons with 19 or more touchdowns, and the record-holder for most games in a season with a touchdown and most games in a season with a rushing touchdown (15), set in 1995.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith also accumulated several NFL postseason records, including rushing touchdowns (19), consecutive games with a rushing touchdown (9), and 100-yard rushing games (7). His 1,586 yards rushing is also top on the NFL postseason chart, and he shares the total playoff touchdown mark of 21 with Thurman Thomas. With the Cowboys, Smith won three Super Bowl rings and rushed for over 100 yards in two of those games, Super Bowl XXVII (108 yards and a touchdown, and six receptions for 27 yards), and Super Bowl XXVIII (132 yards and two touchdowns, and four receptions for 26 yards). Smith received the Super Bowl MVP award for Super Bowl XXVIII, becoming the only Cowboys running back ever to win the award. He also scored two touchdowns in Super Bowl XXX.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith is one of only five NFL players who have amassed over 10,000 career-rushing yards and 400 career receptions. Smith and Jerry Rice are the only two non-kickers in NFL history to score 1,000 points in a career.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: As a runner, Smith was consistently effective, though not dazzling in style. "(Smith) darted, slithered and followed his blockers, and squeezed yard after yard out of plays that didn't have any yards in them. He didn't look especially fast or powerful or blindingly deceptive, yet he couldn't be stopped." Smith was noted for being a very durable back with excellent vision, tremendous leg strength, and great balance, and was known as one of the best second-effort runners ever. Smith was also a reliable receiver and an excellent blocker in pass protection.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: During his career, he was often compared to Detroit Lions Hall of Fame running back Barry Sanders, as both men were extremely successful for their respective teams and combined for 8 rushing titles during the 1990s. Some give Smith the edge for his consistent "north-south" style that took full advantage of Dallas' talented offensive line, while some think Sanders' spectacular running style with sudden changes of direction made him a better back. Observers agree, though, that both Smith and Sanders were among the best running backs in league history.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Although Smith is the only player to tell John Madden that "Madden NFL" rated his skills too high, he was ranked No. 68 on "The Sporting News"' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players in 1999, three years before becoming the game's all-time rushing yardage leader.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 2002, Smith and his wife founded the Pat & Emmitt Smith Charities as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit with the mission to "seek a reality where children have the resources necessary to realize their full potential."


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In September 2005, Smith signed on to serve as a studio analyst on the NFL Network show, "NFL Total Access".


title: Emmitt Smith

text: On September 19, 2005, at halftime of the Cowboys-Redskins game (broadcast on "Monday Night Football"), Smith was inducted into the Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor with his long-time teammates Troy Aikman and Michael Irvin.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In the fall of 2006, Smith won the third season of "Dancing with the Stars" with professional dancer Cheryl Burke. Smith was praised for "making dancing look manly" and for his "natural charm," and Burke was given credit for coaching Smith while still allowing him to improvise some moves.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: On March 12, 2007, Smith joined ESPN as a studio analyst for their NFL pre-game coverage alongside Chris Berman, Mike Ditka, Tom Jackson, and Chris Mortensen. However, he was removed from this coverage for the 2008 season. Instead, he appeared Sunday mornings during the NFL season on "SportsCenter". He performs with Steve Young and Stuart Scott at the Monday Night Football site each week on Monday Night Countdown. His contract was not renewed for the 2009 season.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith was criticized by some in the media and sports blogs as being inarticulate. "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" created a video called "Emmitt Smith: Wordsmith" mocking his numerous malapropisms. "Sports Illustrated"'s Peter King called Smith's comments regarding Michael Vick's involvement in the Bad Newz Kennels "idiotic and inappropriate."


title: Emmitt Smith

text: On February 7, 2010, Smith flipped the coin at the start of Super Bowl XLIV between the Indianapolis Colts and the New Orleans Saints.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In June 2010, Smith returned to his high school alma mater, Escambia High School in Pensacola, Florida, for a taping of ESPN's show Homecoming with Rick Reilly. In October 2010, he was inducted into the Escambia High School Sports Hall of Fame during halftime of an EHS football game, along with former Seattle Mariners third baseman Jim Presley and several other EHS alumni.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 2005, Smith made his first move toward becoming a real estate developer: He teamed with another Cowboy legend, Roger Staubach, the founder and CEO of Staubach Co., to form Smith/Cypress Partners LP, a real estate development enterprise specializing in transforming underutilized parcels in densely populated areas into commercially viable properties anchored by national retail giants.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In his first deal, Smith helped the firm sign Mervyn's, a California-based department store chain, to anchor a $45 million, project in Phoenix.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: With access to $50 million in capital, Smith has several other projects in the works. He has a letter of intent to develop a site in a densely populated yet underserved area near northwest Fort Worth (it was formerly a college operated by a Masonic lodge), and he is currently negotiating for rights to another potential project in southeastern Fort Worth.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: On one of the sites, Smith plans to build a complex with as much as of retail space, more than double the size of the Phoenix property. "There's a huge need for top-quality retail in these areas, and I understand how the deals are cut," Smith said before lunch. "I'm not an engineer. I'm not a contractor. And I'm still learning the jargon. But I understand deals, and the only way to grow is to be in the middle of the deals."


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith/Cypress is a joint venture (Smith owns 51 percent) with Cypress Equities, the retail development arm of Roger Staubach's real estate services company. Early in his own playing career, Smith approached the former Cowboy quarterback with an interest in learning more about real estate. Skeptical at first, Staubach told Smith to spend some time at his company's offices during the spring and summer if he was sincere. Smith did just that, spending the off-season at Staubach Co.'s headquarters in Dallas. Staubach founded the company in the late 1970s to locate and negotiate office and retail space for clients. In 2006 the privately held firm had transactions totaling $26 billion and of space.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith also co-founded ESmith Legacy, a Baltimore-based company that specializes in commercial real estate development and investment management. He serves as its Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 2007, he was a guest on "How I Met Your Mother", where he joked about Super Bowl on this question asked by Barney Stinson "What is more important than the Super Bowl? - Dance, my friend, dance".


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith participated in the 2011 National Heads-Up Poker Championship, defeating David Williams in the first round and losing in the second round to Andrew Robl.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: He returned to "Dancing with the Stars" in its fifteenth season as one of the "All-Stars" contestants. Smith once again had Cheryl Burke as his professional dance partner. They were voted off during the ninth week of the competition.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 2016, Smith took the position of co-owner alongside founder and president Ben Davis of The Gents Place, an ultra-premium men's grooming and lifestyle club founded in Frisco, Texas. The company has grown to include lifestyle clubs in Dallas and Southlake, as well as Leawood, Kansas.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: In 2021, Smith would team up with NASCAR driver, Jesse Iwuji, to form a NASCAR Xfinity Series team called Jesse Iwuji Motorsports, that will compete full-time in 2022.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith was initiated as a member of the Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity at the University of Florida. He returned to the university during the NFL offseason to complete his coursework, and graduated with his bachelor's degree in public recreation in May 1996.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: Smith is a devout Christian. He has a daughter, Rheagen Smith (born November 2, 1998), with ex-girlfriend Hope Wilson. He married former Miss Virginia USA Patricia Southall on April 22, 2000. They have three children together: Emmitt James Smith IV (born May 15, 2002), Skylar Smith (born October 15, 2003), and Elijah Alexander James Smith (born September 22, 2010). Smith is also the stepfather to Jasmine Page Lawrence (born January 15, 1996), who is Southall's daughter with ex-husband, actor-comedian Martin Lawrence.


title: Emmitt Smith

text: His brother, Emory, played on the practice squads of the Cowboys and the Green Bay Packers. Smith's eldest son, E. J., committed to play college football at Stanford in 2020.


title: Jessica Hecht

text: Jessica Hecht is an American actress and singer who played Gretchen Schwartz on "Breaking Bad", Susan Bunch on "Friends", and Carol on "The Boys". She has also made numerous Broadway appearances.


title: Jessica Hecht

text: Hecht was born in Princeton, New Jersey. When she was three, she moved with her parents and sister to Bloomfield, Connecticut. After her parents divorced, her mother married psychiatrist Howard Iger, and they raised Jessica and her sister Elizabeth. Hecht attended Connecticut College for a year and a half before graduating from the New York University Tisch School of the Arts in 1987 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in drama.


title: Jessica Hecht

text: Hecht was raised in a culturally Jewish family, with a secular socialist father, but nonetheless expressed interest in religion and had a Bat Mitzvah. She has stated that she is Reconstructionist Jewish and "fairly spiritual".


title: Jessica Hecht

text: Hecht has appeared in numerous television series, including "Dickinson", "Bored to Death", "Red Oaks", "Jessica Jones", "The Loudest Voice", and "Succession". In 2020 she played Sonya Barzel on "The Sinner," and was nominated for an Emmy in 2019 for her role as Karen in the Netflix series "Special". She is known for her roles as Gretchen Schwartz on "Breaking Bad" (5 episodes) and Susan Bunch, the wife of Ross Geller's ex-wife Carol Willick, on "Friends" (12 episodes). She was also a featured cast member in the Jonathan Silverman sitcom "The Single Guy".


title: Jessica Hecht

text: Hecht had the supporting role of Amy Burns in the comedy drama "Dan in Real Life" (2007), with Steve Carell and Juliette Binoche. She also appeared in "Whatever Works", "Sideways", and "A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood".


title: Jessica Hecht

text: She was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress for her role in "A View from the Bridge" on Broadway with Scarlett Johansson and Liev Schreiber, which closed on April 4, 2010. In 2012, she performed on Broadway with Jim Parsons in "Harvey". In 2016, she played Golde in the 2015 Bartlett Sher-directed revival of "Fiddler on the Roof" at the Broadway Theatre, and was in "The Price" with Mark Ruffalo, in 2017. In 2018 she won an Obie for her performance in "Admissions" at Lincoln Center.


title: Jessica Hecht

text: With producer Jenny Gersten, she runs The Campfire Project, a theatre based wellness project that creates plays in refugee camps.


title: Jessica Hecht

text: Hecht has been married to director Adam Bernstein since 1995. The couple has two children together, Stella and Carlo Bernstein.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: Caroline Lee Bouvier ( ), later Canfield, Radziwiłł (), and Ross (March 3, 1933 – February 15, 2019), usually known as Princess Lee Radziwill, was an American socialite, public-relations executive, and interior decorator. She was the younger sister of First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy and sister-in-law of President John F. Kennedy. Radziwill was married three times, each marriage ending in divorce, with the marriage to third husband Herbert Ross ending in divorce shortly before his death in 2001.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: Caroline Lee Bouvier was born at Doctors Hospital in New York City to stockbroker John Vernou Bouvier III and his wife, socialite Janet Norton Lee. She attended The Chapin School, in New York City, Potomac School in Washington, D.C., Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut, and pursued undergraduate studies at Sarah Lawrence College. In her birth announcement, and from her earliest years, she was known by her middle name "Lee" rather than Caroline.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: In the 1960s, Radziwill attempted to forge a career as an actress. Her acting attempt was unsuccessful, if highly publicized. She starred in the 1967 production of "The Philadelphia Story" as the spoiled Main Line heiress Tracy Lord. The play was staged at the Ivanhoe Theatre in Chicago, and Radziwill's performance was widely panned. A year later, she appeared in a television adaptation of the 1944 film "Laura", which was badly received.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: A London townhouse and a manor, Turville Grange (which she shared with her second husband), that she owned had both been decorated by Italian stage designer Lorenzo Mongiardino; they were greatly admired and frequently photographed by Cecil Beaton and Horst P. Horst. She worked briefly as an interior decorator in a style influenced by her association with Mongiardino. Her clientele were the wealthy; she once decorated a house "for people who would not be there more than three days a year". She frequented celebrity company, including travelling with The Rolling Stones during their 1972 tour of North America, which she attended alongside the writer Truman Capote.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: Radziwill was named to the "Vanity Fair" International Best Dressed Hall of Fame in 1996. Her Paris (Avenue Montaigne 49) and Manhattan (160 East 72nd Street) apartments were featured in the April 2009 issue of "Elle Décor" magazine. She was interviewed by director Sofia Coppola in February 2013 about her life as part of Radziwill's cover story for "" as well as about Coppola's film "The Bling Ring" and the loss of privacy. She was listed as one of the 50 best-dressed people over 50 by "The Guardian" in March 2013.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: In 1972, Radziwill hired documentary filmmakers Albert and David Maysles to work on a film about the Bouvier family. At the outset, the brothers filmed two eccentric and reclusive members of the extended family, Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale ("Big Edie") and her daughter Edith Bouvier Beale ("Little Edie"), who were Radziwill's aunt and cousin, respectively. The Beales lived in a rambling, decaying home in East Hampton, New York, and were supported by other members of the family.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: Radziwill's original film project was not completed, and Radziwill kept the footage that had been shot of the Beales. However, the Maysles brothers were fascinated by the strange life the two women led, and after raising funds for film and equipment on their own they returned and filmed 70 more hours of footage with Big Edie and Little Edie. The resulting 1975 film "Grey Gardens", named after the Beales' home, is widely considered a masterpiece of the documentary genre. It was later adapted as a 2006 musical of the same name, in which the characters Lee and Jackie Bouvier appear as visiting children in retrospect. An HBO television movie based upon the documentary and surrounding story of the Beales' lives, also called "Grey Gardens", appeared in 2009.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: The original 1972 footage featuring Radziwill visiting with the Beales was released in 2017 as "That Summer".


title: Lee Radziwill

text: Radziwill was married three times. Her first marriage, in April 1953, was to Michael Temple Canfield, a publishing executive. They divorced in 1958, and the marriage was declared annulled by the Sacred Rota in November 1962.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: Her second marriage, on March 19, 1959, was to the Polish aristocrat Prince Stanisław Albrecht Radziwiłł, who divorced his second wife, the former Grace Maria Kolin, and received a Roman Catholic annulment of his first marriage to re-marry. (His second marriage had never been acknowledged by the Roman Catholic Church, so no annulment was necessary.) Upon her marriage, she became "Her Serene Highness" Princess Caroline Lee Radziwiłł. (In the Second Polish Republic the privileges of the nobility were legally abolished by the March Constitution in 1921 and as such not reinstated by any succeeding Polish law). They had two children, Anthony (1959–1999) and Christina (b. 1960). Their marriage ended in divorce in 1974.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: On September 23, 1988, Radziwill married for a third time, becoming the second wife of American film director and choreographer Herbert Ross. Their divorce was finalized shortly before his death, and she returned to using Radziwill, the transliteration of her children's name, Radziwiłł.


title: Lee Radziwill

text: Radziwill died on February 15, 2019, aged 85, in her apartment on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Half of her ashes are buried at the Bouvier family plot at Most Holy Trinity Catholic Cemetery in East Hampton, New York. The other half of her ashes will be scattered in the Mediterranean Sea off the Amalfi Coast per her wishes.


title: Bánh mì

text: In Vietnamese cuisine, or banh mi (, ; , "bread") is a short baguette with thin, crisp crust and soft, airy texture. It is often split lengthwise and filled with savory ingredients like a submarine sandwich and served as a meal, called "bánh mì thịt". Plain "banh mi" is also eaten as a staple food.


title: Bánh mì

text: A typical Vietnamese roll or sandwich is a fusion of meats and vegetables from native Vietnamese cuisine such as "chả lụa" (pork sausage), coriander leaf (cilantro), cucumber, pickled carrots, and pickled daikon combined with condiments from French cuisine such as "pâté", along with red chili and buttery mayonnaise. However, a wide variety of popular fillings are used, from (a Chinese cuisine) to even ice cream. In Vietnam, bread rolls and sandwiches are typically eaten for breakfast or as a snack.


title: Bánh mì

text: The baguette was introduced to Vietnam by the French in the mid-19th century, during the Nguyễn dynasty, and became a staple food by the early 20th century. In the 1950s, a distinctly Vietnamese style of sandwich developed in Saigon, becoming a popular street food, also known as bánh mì Sài Gòn (""Saigon sandwich", "Saigon-style banh mi""). Following the Vietnam War, Overseas Vietnamese popularized the sandwich in countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States. In these countries they are commonly sold in Asian bakeries.


title: Bánh mì

text: In Vietnamese, the word ' is derived from ' (which can refer to many kinds of food, primarily baked goods, including bread) and ' (wheat). It may also be spelled ' in northern Vietnam. Taken alone, ' means any kind of bread, but it could refer to the Vietnamese baguette, or the sandwich made from it. To distinguish the un-filled bread from the sandwich with fillings, the term ' ("plain bread") can be used. To distinguish the Vietnamese-style bread from other kinds of bread, the term ' ("Saigon-style bread") or ' ("Vietnam-style bread") can be used.


title: Bánh mì

text: A folk etymology claims that the word ' is a corruption of the French ', meaning soft, white bread. However, "" or its Nôm form has referred to rice cakes and other pastries since as early as the 13th century, long before French contact.


title: Bánh mì

text: The word , meaning "bread", is attested in Vietnamese as early as the 1830s, in Jean-Louis Taberd's dictionary '. The French introduced Vietnam to the baguette, along with other baked goods such as pâté chaud, in the 1860s, at the start of their imperialism in Vietnam. Northern Vietnamese initially called the baguette ', literally "Western bánh", while Southern Vietnamese called it , "wheat bánh". Nguyễn Đình Chiểu mentions the baguette in his 1861 poem "". Due to the price of imported wheat at the time, French baguettes and sandwiches were considered a luxury. During World War I, an influx of French soldiers and supplies arrived. At the same time, disruptions of wheat imports led bakers to begin mixing in inexpensive rice flour (which also made the bread fluffier). As a result, it became possible for ordinary Vietnamese to enjoy French staples such as bread. Many shops baked twice a day, because bread tends to go stale more quickly in the Vietnamese climate. Baguettes were mainly eaten for breakfast with some butter and sugar.


title: Bánh mì

text: Until the 1950s, sandwiches hewed closely to French tastes, typically a "jambon-beurre" moistened with a mayonnaise or liver spread. The 1954 Partition of Vietnam sent over a million migrants from North Vietnam to South Vietnam, transforming Saigon's local cuisine. Among the migrants were and , who opened a small bakery named in District 3. In 1958, became one of the first shops to sell '. Around this time, another migrant from the North began selling sandwiches from a basket on a mobylette, and a stand in Gia Định Province (present-day Phú Nhuận District) began selling sandwiches. Some shops stuffed sandwiches with inexpensive Cheddar cheese, which came from French food aid that migrants from the North had rejected. Vietnamese communities in France also began selling '.


title: Bánh mì

text: After the Fall of Saigon in 1975, "" sandwiches became a luxury item once again. During the so-called "", state-owned "phở" eateries often served bread or cold rice as a side dish, leading to the present-day practice of dipping in "phở". In the 1980s, Đổi Mới market reforms led to a renaissance in , mostly as street food.


title: Bánh mì

text: Meanwhile, Vietnamese Americans brought "bánh mì" sandwiches to cities across the United States. In Northern California, and his sons are credited with popularizing "" among Vietnamese and non-Vietnamese Americans alike through their food truck services provider and their fast-food chain, Lee's Sandwiches, beginning in the 1980s. Sometimes was likened to local sandwiches. In New Orleans, a "Vietnamese po' boy" recipe won the 2009 award for best po' boy at the annual Oak Street Po-Boy Festival. A restaurant in Philadelphia also sells a similar sandwich, marketed as a "Vietnamese hoagie".


title: Bánh mì

text: Since the 1970s Vietnamese refugees from the American War in Vietnam arrived in London and were hosted at community centres in areas of London such as De Beauvoir Town eventually founding a string of successful Vietnamese-style canteens in Shoreditch where "bánh mì" alongside "phở", were popularised from the 1990s.


title: Bánh mì

text: A Vietnamese baguette has a thin crust and white, airy crumb. It may consist of both wheat flour and rice flour.


title: Bánh mì

text: Besides being made into a sandwich, it is eaten alongside meat dishes, such as "bò kho" (a beef stew), curry, and "". It can also be dipped in condensed milk (see Sữa Ông Thọ).


title: Bánh mì

text: Accompanying vegetables typically include fresh cucumber slices, cilantro (leaves of the coriander plant) and pickled carrots and white radishes in shredded form (). Common condiments include spicy chili sauce, sliced chilis, Maggi seasoning sauce, and mayonnaise.


title: Bánh mì

text: The most popular variety is ', "thịt" meaning "meat". ' (also known as ', ', or "special combo") is made with various Vietnamese cold cuts, such as sliced pork or pork belly, "chả lụa" (pork sausage), and head cheese, along with the liver "" and vegetables like carrot or cucumbers.


title: Bánh mì

text: Nowadays, it is popular with different type of : bánh mì que. Its shape is thinner and longer than a normal one. But it can be fulfilled with different ingredients as normal .


title: Bánh mì

text: Sandwices similar to Vietnamese are also found in Lao cuisine called "khao chī pate" () and in Cambodian cuisine called " num pang pâté" ().


title: Bánh mì

text: Prior to the Fall of Saigon in 1975, well-known South Vietnamese " vendors included and (which opened in 1968).


title: Bánh mì

text: In regions of the United States with significant populations of Vietnamese Americans, numerous bakeries and fast food restaurants specialize in '. Lee's Sandwiches, a fast food chain with locations in several states, specializes in Vietnamese sandwiches served on French baguettes (or traditional ' at some locations) as well as Western-style sandwiches served on croissants. In New Orleans, Dong Phuong Oriental Bakery is known for the ' bread that it distributes to restaurants throughout the city. After 1975, owner Võ Văn Lẹ fled to the United States and, along with , founded . The Eden Center shopping center in Northern Virginia has several well-known bakeries specializing in '.


title: Bánh mì

text: Mainstream fast food chains have also incorporated ' and other Vietnamese dishes into their portfolios. Yum! Brands operates a chain of ' cafés called Bánh Shop. The former Chipotle-owned ShopHouse Southeast Asian Kitchen chain briefly sold ". Jack in the Box offers a "–inspired" fried chicken sandwich as part of its Food Truck Series. McDonald's and Paris Baguette locations in Vietnam offer .


title: Silent Hill 2

text: Work on "Silent Hill 2" began in June 1999, soon after "Silent Hill" had been completed. Its narrative was inspired by the Russian novel "Crime and Punishment" (1866) by Fyodor Dostoevsky, and some of the influences on the game's artistic style include the work of film directors Adrian Lyne (specifically "Jacob's Ladder"), David Lynch, among others, as well as painters like Francis Bacon and Andrew Wyeth; cultural references to history, films and literature can be found in the game. In contrast with the previous title, whose narrative concerned cult activity, "Silent Hill 2" focuses directly on the psychology of its characters.


title: Silent Hill 2

text: "Silent Hill 2" received critical acclaim. Within the month of its release in North America, Japan, and Europe, over one million copies were sold, with the greatest number of sales in North America. During release, it was widely praised for its psychological horror story, use of metaphors, symbolism, and taboo topics, overall atmosphere, graphics, monster designs, soundtrack and sound design. However, it received criticism for its controls and voice acting. It is often considered to be one of the greatest horror games ever made and among the greatest video games of all time, as well as a key example of video games as an art form. The game was followed by "Silent Hill 3" in 2003. A remake was announced in October 2022.


title: Silent Hill 2

text: The objective of "Silent Hill 2" is to guide the player character, James Sunderland, through the monster-filled town of Silent Hill as he searches for his deceased wife. The game features a third-person view, with various camera angles. The default control for "Silent Hill 2" has James moving in the direction that he is facing when the player tilts the analogue stick upwards. "Silent Hill 2" does not use a heads-up display; to check James' health, location, and items, the player must enter the pause-game menu to review his status. Throughout the game, James collects maps, which can only be read if there is sufficient light or when his flashlight is on. He also updates relevant maps to reflect locked doors, clues, and obstructions, and writes down the content of all documents for future reference.


title: Silent Hill 2

text: Much of the gameplay consists of navigating the town and finding keys or other items to bypass doors or other obstructions, with less focus on killing enemies. Occasionally, puzzles will be presented, often with riddles left for the player to interpret. The difficulty levels of the enemies and the puzzles are determined independently by the player before starting the game. James keeps a radio with him, which alerts him to the presence of creatures by emitting static, allowing him to detect them even through the thick fog or darkness. He also tilts his head in the direction of a nearby item or monster. For combat, he finds three melee weapons and three firearms over the course of the game, with another two melee weapons unlocked during replays. "Health" restoratives and ammunition can be found throughout the game.


title: Silent Hill 2

text: While not focusing on the characters and plot threads of the first "Silent Hill" game, "Silent Hill 2" takes place in the series' namesake town, located in Maine. "Silent Hill 2" is set in another area of the town, and explores some of Silent Hill's backstory. The town draws upon the psyche of its visitors and ultimately forms alternative versions of itself, which differ depending on the character. The concept behind the town was "a small, rural town in America"; to make the setting more realistic, some buildings and rooms lack furnishings.


title: Silent Hill 2

text: James Sunderland (Guy Cihi) comes to Silent Hill after apparently receiving a letter from his wife Mary (Monica Taylor Horgan), who has been suffering from an illness and died three years before. While exploring the town, he encounters Angela Orosco (Donna Burke), a teenage runaway searching for her mother; Eddie Dombrowski (David Schaufele), another teenage runaway; and Laura (Jacquelyn Brekenridge), a bratty eight-year-old who befriended Mary and accuses James of not truly loving her. While searching a local park, James also meets Maria (Horgan), a woman who strongly resembles Mary but has a much more assertive personality. Maria claims that she has never met or seen Mary, and because she is frightened by the monsters, James allows her to follow him. Arriving at a bowling alley, Eddie and Laura are found inside, but Laura runs off.


title: Silent Hill 2

text: Following Laura to a hospital and searching for her there at Maria's insistence, James and Maria are ambushed by the monster Pyramid Head, and Maria is killed while James escapes. Afterwards, James resolves to search the hotel that he and Mary stayed at during their vacation. On the way, he finds Maria alive and unharmed in a locked room. She claims ignorance of their previous encounter and begins discussing elements of James' and Mary's past that only Mary would know. James sets off to find a way to free Maria but returns to find her dead again. Later on, he rescues Angela from a monster, after which she reveals that her father sexually abused her, with a newspaper clipping implying that she killed him before coming to Silent Hill. James also confronts Eddie, who admits to maiming a bully and killing a dog before fleeing to Silent Hill. When Eddie attacks him, James is forced to kill him in self-defence.


title: Silent Hill 2

text: At the hotel, James locates a videotape which depicts him euthanising his dying wife by smothering her with a pillow. In another room, a final meeting with Angela sees her giving up on life, unable to cope with her trauma. She then walks into a fire and is never seen again. Afterwards, James encounters two Pyramid Heads, along with Maria, who is killed another time. He comes to realize that Pyramid Head was created because he needed someone to punish him, and all the monsters are manifestations of his psyche. The envelope from Mary disappears and both Pyramid Heads commit suicide. James heads to the hotel's rooftop, and depending on choices made by the player throughout the game, he encounters either a manifestation of Mary or Maria disguised as her.