title: Peter Pan (1953 film)

text: Play begins at the Darlings' house in the upper left hand corner of the game board. Each player moves, in turn, the number of spaces along the track indicated by his spin of the dial. When a player reaches the Never Isle, he selects a character from the film (Peter, Wendy, Michael, or John) and receives the instruction card for that character. The player follows his chosen character's track on the board, obeying instructions upon the character's card. The player is also obligated to follow any instructions on those spaces he lands upon after spinning the dial during the course of his turn at play. The first player who travels from Never Land to Skull Rock and along the Stardust Trail to Captain Hook's ship, and returns to the Darlings' house is declared the winner.


title: Peter Pan (1953 film)

text: The board game makes an appearance in the 1968 version of "Yours, Mine and Ours" as a Christmas present.


title: Peter Pan (1953 film)

text: "Disney's Peter Pan Jr" is a one-hour children's musical based on the Disney Peter Pan movie with some updated material. It became available for school and children's theatre productions in 2013 after several pilot productions.


title: Peter Pan (1953 film)

text: This was Disney's first "Peter Pan" film. In the early 2000s, a "Peter Pan" franchise was spawned, involving a number of other animated releases. The franchise also included:


title: Peter Pan (1953 film)

text: In April 2016, following the individual financial and critical successes of "Maleficent", "Cinderella", and "The Jungle Book", a number of live-action adaptations of Walt Disney Pictures' classic animated films were announced to be in development. The Walt Disney Company announced that a live action "Peter Pan" film was in development, with David Lowery serving as director, with a script he co-wrote with Toby Halbrooks. In July 2018, it was reported that the feature length film would be released exclusively on the company's streaming service, Disney+. It has since been said that the film may instead get a theatrical release.


title: Peter Pan (1953 film)

text: In January 2020, casting was underway while the film was retitled "Peter Pan and Wendy". Joe Roth and Jim Whitaker will serve as producers. Principal photography was scheduled to commence on April 17, 2020, in Canada and in London, United Kingdom. By March, Alexander Molony and Ever Anderson were cast as Peter Pan and Wendy, respectively. Later that month however, filming on all Disney projects were halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic and industry restrictions worldwide. In July 2020, Jude Law entered early negotiations to portray Captain Hook, and was officially cast two months later. Joaquin Phoenix, Adam Driver, and Will Smith were all previously on the short-list of actors being considered for the role, though each of them ultimately passed on the opportunity. In September 2020, Yara Shahidi was cast as Tinker Bell. In October 2020, Alyssa Wapanatâhk was cast in the role of Tiger Lily. In January 2021, Jim Gaffigan joined the film's cast as Mr. Smee. On March 16, 2021, the same day that principal photography officially began, Alan Tudyk, Molly Parker, Joshua Pickering, and Jacobi Jupe were announced to play Mr. Darling, Mrs. Darling, John Darling, and Michael Darling, respectively.


title: Peter Pan (1953 film)

text: In December 2020, it was announced that the film would be debuting on Disney+. Filming began on March 16, 2021 in Vancouver, Canada, and was expected to wrap on June 30, 2021. Additional filming took place on the Bonavista Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador, in August 2021. "Peter Pan & Wendy" is scheduled to be released on Disney+ in 2023.


title: Intercrural sex

text: Intercrural sex, which is also known as coitus interfemoris, thigh sex (or thighing) and interfemoral sex, is a type of non-penetrative sex in which the penis is placed between the receiving partner's thighs and friction is generated via thrusting. It was a common practice in ancient Greek society prior to the early centuries AD, and was frequently discussed by writers and portrayed in artwork such as vases. It later became subject to sodomy laws and became increasingly seen as contemptible. In the 17th century, intercrural sex was featured in several works of literature and it took cultural prominence, being seen as a part of male-on-male sexual habits following the trial and execution of Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven, in 1631.


title: Intercrural sex

text: In modern times, intercrural sex is commonly practiced in relationships of various orientations; adult women are said to use it to stimulate orgasm and in Paris, it was commonly performed as a part of prostitution. In Africa and parts of Asia, the practice is normalised and is carried out among heterosexual and homosexual males. In South Africa, it was used to combat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); this practice was eventually phased out.


title: Intercrural sex

text: Knowledge of intercrural sex that was extracted from studies and its relationship to AIDS and pregnancy is low. It has been reported as a means of safe sex for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients and has a lower risk of infection than peno-vaginal sex. Studies have found a fluctuating percentage of sexual assault cases have involved intercrural rape, with little to no physical evidence.


title: Intercrural sex

text: Kenneth Dover first introduced the term "intercrural sex" in his 1978 book "Greek Homosexuality". Dover used the term to refer to sexual activity between an older man and a young boy. The Ancient Greek term for this practice was διαμηρίζειν "" ("to do [something] between the thighs"). Webster's Dictionary defines intercrural sex as an act in which one partner “plac[es his] penis ... between the other partner's [closed] thighs ... [and thrusts] to create friction". Synonyms include coitus interfemoris, thigh sex and interfemoral sex.


title: Intercrural sex

text: Kang Tchou of Cambridge University notes Dover's definition is similar to the idea of "heavenly love" articulated by Pausanias that "encourages a stable life-long relationship between the boy and the man and enhances the intellectual development of the younger boy".


title: Intercrural sex

text: Intercrural intercourse was a common manifestation of pederasty in ancient Greece; young men were forbidden from having sex with older men in a manner beyond intercrural. It has been associated with "Eromenos," although its prominence in such a relationship is undetermined and anal sex may have been more common. Intercrural sex was not exclusively executed by homosexual men; by the early-AD era, it fell out of practice as sex with women became more encouraged in Greek society.


title: Intercrural sex

text: Intercrural sex has been depicted on artworks such as vases, where they were called "courting scenes", and was much discussed by writers. After the 5th century BC, visual depictions of it were sparse and almost exclusively found on black-figure pottery. Zeno of Citium and Aristophanes have been said to reference the act; the latter was the first to document intercrural sex being practiced in a heterosexual capacity. Aeschylus’ play "Myrmidons" features the implication of adult men engaging in the act. Joan Roughgarden refers to intercrural intercourse as the "gay male missionary position" of Ancient Greece.


title: Intercrural sex

text: Historical sodomy laws have included intercrural intercourse within their purview. In 15th-century Italy, it was a part of sodomy's infamous reputation; in renaissance Venice, capital punishment was considered against the partner initiating intercrural sex. Medieval penitentials often highlighted intercrural sex as sinful and gave instructions on ways to repent; early Christianity regarded intercrural intercourse as "more respectable" than anal sex.


title: Intercrural sex

text: In the Middle Ages, Arabic views considered intercrural sex "reprehensible" although its lesser status led to practitioners avoiding harsh punishments.


title: Intercrural sex

text: In early modern English, writers referred to intercrural sex as "rubbing" or "frigging". Literary works and satire depicted intercrural sex, possibly encouraging people to perform the act. Cases of sodomy, such as the trial of Mervyn Tuchet in 1631 that resulted in his execution, occasionally mentioned intercrural sex. Tuchet's case took on significant cultural prominence and informed many people of gay male sexual habits, likely conjuring a cultural perception of intercrural sex as the main method of sex between men.


title: Intercrural sex

text: From 1660, intercrural intercourse was increasingly mentioned in literature. Richard Ellmann believed Oscar Wilde solely performed intercrural sex in the hope he could consequently declare his innocence against the allegation of "posing as a sodomite". In 1885, the UK Parliament passed a statute penalizing "gross indecency" between men under the Labouchere Amendment; intercrural sex was within the law's remit because it fell short of sodomy.


title: Intercrural sex

text: In both the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany, intercrural sex between men was an indictable offense, although German South West African law did not see it punishable under sodomy. Female prostitutes in 18th-century Paris commonly performed intercrural sex, which was second only to vaginal intercourse. Malawians and Mozambiquean men practiced it in mines, as did South African men in "mine marriages". Before European colonization, Azande warriors would only have intercrural sex with their young partners; it was a popular form of eroticism in pre-colonial Asia.


title: Intercrural sex

text: In Zulu intercrural sex is referred to as "okusoma". It has a long history as an accepted practice for young people in southern Africa and was often practiced to prevent population growth. Traditional Zulu culture encouraged youth to engage in intercrural sex as a part of sexual socialisation—intercrural sex as practiced by young unmarried couples was also supported. A 1989 report regarding the city of Durban stated that in South Africa:


title: Intercrural sex

text: Hickson "et al.". (1994) found intercrural sex took place in five of 219 cases of male sexual assault reviewed in England and Wales. In 2014 in Sri Lanka, 270 instances of sexual assault were medically examined; 18 occurrences of intercrural intercourse were reported. No physical injuries to the victims occurred. These assaults reportedly occurred when the victim was between the age of 4 and 19 years. A more specific earlier study of boys between the ages of 14 and 19 living in Colombo District found intercrural sex to be the second-most common form of abuse before oral sex, as reported by the victims; 20 of the 52 reported cases consisted of intercrural sex.


title: Intercrural sex

text: A 1957 analysis of 148 sexual offenders in the United States who assaulted children under the age of 14 found that 6 percent committed their offences by means of intercrural intercourse. Another study, two decades later, observed "intercrural ejaculation" as a "common way of sexual expression in paedophiles". In cases of child sexual abuse, there are usually no physical signs of intercrural intercourse.


title: Intercrural sex

text: Ripley "et al.". (1973), demonstrated only 3 out of every 10 boys and 4 of every 10 girls in the 14-year-old age group surveyed thought intercrural intercourse could not result in pregnancy – according to Ripley "et al.". (1973), intercrural sex is not a recommended method of contraception. In Nigeria, 13 of 298 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive respondents said the disease could be transmitted through intercrural sex while a further 30 said "no" and the remaining 255 responded with uncertainty. Intercrural sex has been reported as a safe means of sex that prevents transmission of HIV and is "lower-risk" than peno-vaginal sex. Epprecht (2019) said that as mine marriages involved intercrural sex "there was no danger of sexually transmitted infection". Mistry & Jha (2015) wrote in regards to pregnancy; "Because there is no anal or vaginal penetration, [intercrural sex] is regarded as a safe sexual practice".


title: Intercrural sex

text: In South Africa, intercrural sex has been seen as a method of preventing the transmission of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). From a 1997 study, 12.5 percent of girls who were asked how to avoid acquiring AIDS responded by suggesting intercrural sex. It was once the most common form of contraception for rural adults in South Africa. By 2012, Mary van der Riet of KwaZulu-Natal University noted; "The shift from intercrural sex to the use of the injectable contraceptive set up particular conditions for condom use in response to HIV and AIDS".


title: Intercrural sex

text: Shere Hite's 1976 and 1981 research on female sexuality found some adult women reported being able to achieve orgasm via intercrural contact to stimulate the clitoris. Intercrural sex is popular in Sri Lanka; in a 2006 study, 4.2 percent of women reported having engaged in it while 20.7 percent of men said they had had homosexual intercrural sex. A 1997 report on the sexual health needs of males who have sex with males in the Calcutta suburbs found 73 percent of men they asked engaged in intercrural sex, though the frequency varied based on demographic factors. Only 54 percent of sex workers, 50 percent of lower-income men and 40 percent of Muslims reported having had intercrural sex while 82 percent of Hindus and 88 percent of middle-income men reported engaging in it.


title: Her's

text: Her's were an indie rock band from Liverpool, England, composed of Stephen Fitzpatrick and Audun Laading. The band's debut full-length LP "Invitation to Her's" was released in August 2018, following the compilation LP "Songs of Her's" which had been released in May 2017.


title: Her's

text: The duo were killed in the early hours of 27 March 2019 in a road traffic collision in Arizona, while on tour in the United States.


title: Her's

text: The band's line-up consisted of Stephen Fitzpatrick, from Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England, who sang lead vocals and played guitar, and Audun Laading, from Flekkerøy, Kristiansand, Norway, who played bass guitar and sang backing vocals. Fitzpatrick was also a drummer, but the band used a drum machine, which both members contributed to the programming of.


title: Her's

text: Fitzpatrick and Laading met at the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, (from which they both graduated in 2016 after three-year music degrees, being presented with their certificates by Paul McCartney at a graduation ceremony). Whilst still students they formed "Her's" in 2015, after having previously played together in the rhythm section of another Liverpool band named 'The Sundogs'. The duo initially formed "Her's" in jest, travelling around Liverpool filming comedic music videos and posting them on YouTube.


title: Her's

text: They released their debut single, "Dorothy", on 7 April 2016. They performed on the 2016 Green Man Festival Rising Stage. A nine-track compilation titled "Songs of Her's" was released on 12 May 2017. The compilation received four stars from "The Skinny". Writing for "NME" in April 2017, Thomas Smith said:


title: Her's

text: The band later released their debut full-length album, "Invitation to Her's", on Heist or Hit Records on 24 August 2018. Her's were featured on "Paste"s list titled "The 15 New Liverpool Bands You Need to Know in 2018". An acoustic performance by the band at the 2019 South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas, US was also featured on "BBC Music Introducing".


title: Her's

text: On 27 March 2019, around 1 a.m., Fitzpatrick (age 24) and Laading (25) along with their tour manager, Trevor Engelbrektson (37) from Minneapolis, were killed in a head-on traffic collision and subsequent vehicle fire near Milepost 68 on Interstate 10, west of Tonopah, Arizona. They were travelling from Phoenix, Arizona, where they had played at The Rebel Lounge on 26 March, to perform a show on the following evening in Santa Ana, California, some away, as part of a 19-date second tour of North America. The Arizona Department of Public Safety confirmed that Engelbrektson had been driving the band's Ford tour van at the time of the crash. The driver of a Nissan pick-up truck, Francisco Rebollar, aged 64, from Murrieta, California, was also killed in the collision; a subsequent police investigation of the scene located a bottle of alcohol in the wreckage. At the time of the crash, the Arizona Department of Public Safety was already responding to reports of the Nissan pick-up truck travelling at speed in the wrong direction going eastbound on the westbound carriageway.


title: Her's

text: A requiem mass for Fitzpatrick was held at St. Mary's (Roman Catholic) Church, Barrow-in-Furness, on 23 April 2019, followed by a burial at Barrow-in-Furness cemetery.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim Hye-soo (; born September 5, 1970) is a South Korean actress. Kim was one of the most popular teen stars in the 1980s and 1990s. She is known for her headstrong independence and regularly playing strong-willed, sophisticated women.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim began her career in an advertisement for Nestlé Milo in 1985. She made her film debut as a leading actress in the film "" (1986), for which she received her first accolade as Best New Actress at 1987 Baeksang Arts Awards. She was the youngest winner of the Blue Dragon Film Award for Best Leading Actress in "First Love" (1993). Her most commercially successful role was "Madam Jeong" in the crime film "" (2006), which also won her third Blue Dragon Film Award for Best Actress.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Aside from her performances in films, Kim has appeared in many successful television series, including "Partner" (1994-1998), "Did We Really Love?" (1999), "Jang Hee Bin" (2002), "The Queen of Office" (2013), "Signal" (2016), "Hyena" (2020), "Juvenile Justice" (2022), and "Under the Queen's Umbrella" (2022).


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim Hye-soo was born on September 5, 1970, in Busan, Dongnae District, the second of five children. She moved to while she was in third grade at Busan National Elementary School due to her father's work. While in elementary school, she was a member of the national Taekwondo children's demonstration team, and in April 1982 was the flower girl to present a bouquet to Juan Antonio Samaranch, the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: In 1985, Kim featured in a commercial for Nestlé Milo and as well as the first K-pop music video, Cho Yong-pil's title song "Empty In The Air".


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: She also won Best New Actress for "" at 23rd Baeksang Arts Awards. Kim went on to play the leading roles in the television series "" (1987), "" (1988), and "" (1989). She co-starred with Roh Joo-hyun in "" (1990). In 1991, she landed the main role in "".


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim is referred to as a "Pencil Board Star" of the 1980's due to the popularity of pencil boards printed with her image. She has also been named a part of the "Troika of the 1990s" in Korea along with her contemporaries Kim Hee-sun and Shim Eun-ha for their nationwide fame. In 1993, Kim leaded the main role in the film "" and gained critical acclaim for her portrayal of the archetypal innocent girl, winning a Blue Dragon Film Award for Best Leading Actress and earning her the title "Nation's First Love" although the film was a box-office failure.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Over two decades, she amassed a sizeable filmography of leading and supporting roles, notably in the television series "Did We Really Love?" with Bae Yong-joon and "Revenge and Passion" with Ahn Jae-wook, as well as the film "Tie a Yellow Ribbon" (1998). In the 2000s, Kim focused more on her career in film rather than television, featuring in "Kick the Moon", "YMCA Baseball Team" and "Three".


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: At this time, she reinvented her image as a glamorous and confident femme fatale in "Hypnotized" (2004),


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim's roles in "The Red Shoes" (2005) and "" (2006) were her most recognised and entered her in the Korean film industry A-list. Various film roles followed, such as a housewife secretly dating a college student in "A Good Day to Have an Affair"; an unaffected aunt in "Shim's Family"; a prostitute in "Eleventh Mom" and a bar singer in


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: She considers her collaboration with Han Suk-kyu in 2010's "Villain and Widow" as one of the highlights of her acting career.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: In 2009, Kim returned to television with "Style", which is set in the fashion industry. She followed that with the mystery melodrama "Home Sweet Home" in 2010.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: A frequent host of film awards ceremonies and TV variety shows, Kim signed on as the host of MBC current affairs show "W". Kim, an avid watcher of documentaries, was found by the production team to be a fit for the programme as that began to focus more on environmental and global issues. "W with Kim Hye-soo" premiered in July 2010, but was cancelled in October 2010, with Kim criticizing the network's decision.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: In 2012, she reunited with "Tazza" director Choi Dong-hoon in "The Thieves". Set among the casinos of Macau, the heist film became one of the highest grossing films in Korean cinema history. This was followed with a supporting role in Han Jae-rim's historical film "The Face Reader".


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: In 2013, she headlined the romantic comedy "The Queen of Office" (also known as "Goddess of the Workplace"), an adaptation of 2007 Japanese drama "Haken no Hinkaku" ("Pride of the Temp").


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim next starred in "Coin Locker Girl" (also known as "Chinatown") in 2015, a rare female-driven noir film. She said she didn't mind looking unattractive for her role as a ruthless crime boss, with makeup artists adding age spots to her face, gray to her hair, and flab to her stomach and hips with prostheses. Kim said it was "mentally agonizing" deciding whether to accept the role, but once she did, she felt "a surge of excitement" every time she stepped onto the set, and considered the film "a new challenge that (made her) heart race and (scared her) at the same time."


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim made her small-screen comeback in 2016 with tvN's "Signal", which was both critically and commercially successful. She won Best Actress at the 52nd Baeksang Arts Awards and the tvN10 Awards for her performance.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: In 2018, Kim starred in the IMF crisis film, "Default", alongside Yoo Ah-in. She was cast in the science fiction film "Return".


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: In March 2022, Kim gained international recognition for her lead role as judge Shim Eun-seok in the Netflix series "Juvenile Justice" as the most popular non-English show for two weeks straight. The same year she starred in the tvN historical drama "Under the Queen's Umbrella" as Queen Im Hwa-ryeong.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim has been a popular Korean sex symbol since she wore a low-cut dress as a Blue Dragon Film Awards host and Best Actress winner in 1993, and was emblematic of the era's sexual revolution.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim is known for taking good care of younger actors, and has been described by co-star Ma Dong-seok in "Familyhood" (2016) to be "the most considerate person to care for others." Her co-star Lee Sang-hee in the TV series "Juvenile Justice" said "Kim would write down unknown actors' names when she thought their acting was good, so that she could recommend them for suitable scripts in the future." Many actresses, including Son Ye-jin, Han Ji-min,Kim Nam-joo, and Yum Jung-ah have expressed special thanks and gratitude to Kim for her care.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim has a bachelor's in theater and film from Dongguk University. In 2013, Kim admitted to having plagiarized her master's thesis "A Study on Actor Communication," with parts copied verbatim from at least four books. She apologized for her actions, which she said was caused by her busy schedule and ignorance of plagiarism as a serious offence. Kim forfeited her master's degree in journalism and mass communications as a result.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Kim and character actor Yoo Hae-jin first met in 2001 after shooting the film "Kick the Moon" and became close in 2006 after appearing together in "". Rumors of the two dating surfaced starting 2008 although both continuously denied any romantic involvement until early 2010 when paparazzi photographs of the two were released, and the couple officially confirmed their relationship. Kim and Yoo broke up in 2011.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: In 2008, Kim donated the full amount of the narration fees of the documentary film ""Forgiveness, Are You at the End of the Way"" to the crime victim support fund. In April, 2009, Kim displayed her pop art at the Seoul Open Art Fair. One of her collage paintings was sold for , and she donated the sum to charity. On July 7, 2009, Kim participated in the "Style Meets Art" campaign co-hosted by cable channel OnStyle and


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: Korean National Commission for UNESCO and she donated the proceeds of her donated works to the Korean National Commission for UNESCO.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: In 2020, for the mask shortage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Kim donated to Hope Bridge Disaster Relief Association.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: On March 7, 2022, Kim donated to the Hope Bridge Disaster Relief Association to help the victims of the as emergency relief funds.


title: Kim Hye-soo

text: On August 9, 2022, Kim donated to help those affected by the 2022 South Korean floods through the Hope Bridge Korea Disaster Relief Association.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai ( ) (, , ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia. It is between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa. Sinai has a land area of about (6 percent of Egypt's total area) and a population of approximately 600,000 people. Administratively, the vast majority of the area of the Sinai Peninsula is divided into two governorates: the South Sinai Governorate and the North Sinai Governorate. Three other governorates span the Suez Canal, crossing into African Egypt: Suez Governorate on the southern end of the Suez Canal, Ismailia Governorate in the center, and Port Said Governorate in the north.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: In the classical era the region was known as Arabia Petraea. The peninsula acquired the name Sinai in modern times due to the assumption that a mountain near Saint Catherine's Monastery is the Biblical Mount Sinai. Mount Sinai is one of the most religiously significant places in the Abrahamic faiths.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: The Sinai Peninsula has been a part of Egypt from the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt ( BC). This comes in stark contrast to the region north of it, the Levant (present-day territories of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine), which, due largely to its strategic geopolitical location and cultural convergences, has historically been the center of conflict between Egypt and various states of Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. In periods of foreign occupation, the Sinai was, like the rest of Egypt, also occupied and controlled by foreign empires, in more recent history the Ottoman Empire (1517–1867) and the United Kingdom (1882–1956). Israel invaded and occupied Sinai during the Suez Crisis (known in Egypt as the "Tripartite Aggression" due to the simultaneous coordinated attack by the UK, France and Israel) of 1956, and during the Six-Day War of 1967. On 6 October 1973, Egypt launched the Yom Kippur War to retake the peninsula, which was unsuccessful. In 1982, as a result of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty of 1979, Israel withdrew from all of the Sinai Peninsula except the contentious territory of Taba, which was returned after a ruling by a commission of arbitration in 1989.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Today, Sinai has become a tourist destination due to its natural setting, rich coral reefs, and biblical history.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Because the Sinai peninsula was the main region where mining of turquoise was carried out in Ancient Egypt, it was called "Biau" (the "Mining Country") and "Khetiu Mafkat" ("Ladders of Turquoise") by the ancient Egyptians.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Roland de Vaux writes that the peninsula acquired the name Sinai in modern times due to the Christian assumption that a mountain near Saint Catherine's Monastery is the Biblical Mount Sinai.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: This assumption is contested (see Biblical Mount Sinai for a fuller discussion). The name "Sinai" (, ) may have been derived from the ancient Mesopotamian moon-god Sin. The moon-deity Sin is associated with the area, and the ancient Egyptian moon-god Thoth is also associated with Sin and his worship was widespread throughout the south tip of the Sinai Peninsula.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: "The Jewish Encyclopedia"(1901-0906) quotes a Rabbinic source, the 8th or 9th-century Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer, which derives the name from the biblical Hebrew word "seneh" (), a word only known from two occurrences in the Hebrew Bible, in both cases referring to the burning bush. Rabbi Eliezer opines that Mount Horeb only received the name Sinai after God appeared to Moses in the shape of a burning bush.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Its modern Arabic name is ' (Egyptian Arabic '; ). The modern Arabic is an adoption of the Biblical name; the 19th-century Arabic designation of Sinai was "Jebel el-Tūr", and the name of the mountain is derived from the town of El Tor (formerly called "Tur Sinai"), whose name comes from the Arabic term for the mountain where the prophet Moses received the Tablets of the Law from God, thus this mountain is designated as ""Jabal Aṭ-Ṭūr" (Arabic: جبل الطّور)", and the town is also the capital of the South Sinai Governorate of Egypt. As another Arabic word for "mass of very high land going up to a peak - mountain" is ""Ṭūr"."


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: In addition to its formal name, Egyptians also refer to it as "" ( 'the land of turquoise'). The ancient Egyptians called it "t3 mfk3.t", or 'land of turquoise' (see above).


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: The English name came from Latin, ultimately from Hebrew סִינַי, pronounced /siˈnái/ (, in English phonetic spelling). In English, the name is now usually pronounced . An alternative, now dated pronunciation in English was .


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Sinai is triangular in shape, with its northern shore lying on the southern Mediterranean Sea, and its southwest and southeast shores on the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba of the Red Sea. It is linked to the African continent by the Isthmus of Suez, wide strip of land, containing the Suez Canal. The eastern isthmus, linking it to the Asian mainland, is around wide. The peninsula's eastern shore separates the Arabian plate from the African plate.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Most of the Sinai Peninsula is divided among the two governorates of Egypt: South Sinai (Ganub Sina) and North Sinai (Shamal Sina). Together, they comprise around 60,000 square kilometres (23,000 sq mi) and have a population (January 2013) of 597,000. Three more governates span the Suez Canal, crossing into African Egypt: Suez (el-Sewais) is on the southern end of the Suez Canal, Ismailia (el-Isma'ileyyah) in the centre, and Port Said in the north.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: The largest city of Sinai is Arish, capital of the North Sinai, with around 160,000 residents. Other larger settlements include Sharm el-Sheikh and El-Tor, on the southern coast. Inland Sinai is arid (effectively a desert), mountainous and sparsely populated, the largest settlements being Saint Catherine and Nekhel.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Sinai is one of the coldest provinces in Egypt because of its high altitudes and mountainous topographies. Winter temperatures in some of Sinai's cities and towns reach .


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: A cave with paintings of people and animals was discovered about north of Mount Catherine in January 2020, dates back to the Chalcolithic Period, circa 5th–4th millennium BCE.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: From the time of the First Dynasty or before, the Egyptians mined turquoise in Sinai at two locations, now called by their Egyptian Arabic names Wadi Magharah and Serabit El Khadim. The mines were worked intermittently and on a seasonal basis for thousands of years. Modern attempts to exploit the deposits have been unprofitable. These may be the first historically attested mines.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: The fortress Tjaru in western Sinai was a place of banishment for Egyptian criminals. The Way of Horus connected it across northern Sinai with ancient Canaan.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: At the end of the time of Darius I, the Great (521–486 BCE) Sinai was part of the Persian province of Abar-Nahra, which means 'beyond the river [Euphrates]'.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Cambyses successfully managed the crossing of the hostile Sinai Desert, traditionally Egypt's first and strongest line of defence, and brought the Egyptians under Psamtik III, son and successor of Ahmose, to battle at Pelusium. The Egyptians lost and retired to Memphis; the city fell to the Persian control and the Pharaoh was carried off in captivity to Susa in Persia.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Rhinocorura (Greek for "Cut-off Noses") and the eponymous region around it were used by Ptolemaid Egypt as a place of banishment for criminals, today known as Arish.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: After the death of the last Nabatean king, Rabbel II Soter, in 106, the Roman emperor Trajan faced practically no resistance and conquered the kingdom on 22 March 106. With this conquest, the Roman Empire went on to control all shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The Sinai Peninsula became part of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Saint Catherine's Monastery on the foot of Mount Sinai was constructed by order of the Emperor Justinian between 527 and 565. Most of the Sinai Peninsula became part of the province of Palaestina Salutaris in the 6th century.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: During the Crusades it was under the control of Fatimid Caliphate. Later, Sultan Saladin abolished the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt and took this region under his control too. It was the military route from Cairo to Damascus during the Crusades. And in order to secure this route, he built a citadel on the island of Pharaoh (near present Taba) known by his name 'Saladin's Citadel'.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: The peninsula was governed as part of Egypt under the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt from 1260 until 1517, when the Ottoman Sultan, Selim the Grim, defeated the Egyptians at the Battles of Marj Dabiq and al-Raydaniyya, and incorporated Egypt into the Ottoman Empire. From then until 1906, Sinai was administered by the Ottoman provincial government of the "Pashalik" of Egypt, even following the establishment of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty's rule over the rest of Egypt in 1805.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: In 1906, the Ottoman Porte formally transferred administration of Sinai to the Khedivate of Egypt, which essentially meant that it fell under the control of the British Empire, who had occupied and largely controlled Egypt since the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War. The border imposed by the British runs in an almost straight line from Rafah on the Mediterranean shore to Taba on the Gulf of Aqaba. This line has served as the eastern border of Egypt ever since.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: In 1956, Egypt nationalised the Suez Canal, a waterway marking the boundary between Egyptian territory in Africa and the Sinai Peninsula. Thereafter, Israeli ships were prohibited from using the Canal, owing to the state of war between the two states. Egypt also prohibited ships from using Egyptian territorial waters on the eastern side of the peninsula to travel to and from Israel, effectively imposing a blockade on the Israeli port of Eilat. In October 1956, in what is known in Egypt as the Tripartite Aggression, Israel Defense Forces troops, aided by the United Kingdom and France (which sought to reverse the nationalization and regain control over the Suez Canal), invaded Sinai and occupied much of the peninsula within a few days. In March 1957, Israel withdrew its forces from Sinai, following strong pressure from the United States and the Soviet Union. Thereafter, the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) was stationed in Sinai to prevent any further conflict in the Sinai.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: On 16 May 1967, Egypt ordered the UNEF out of Sinai and reoccupied it militarily. Secretary-General U Thant eventually complied and ordered the withdrawal without Security Council authorisation. In the course of the Six-Day War that broke out shortly thereafter, Israel occupied the entire Sinai Peninsula, and Gaza Strip from Egypt, the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) from Jordan (which Jordan had controlled since 1949), and the Golan Heights from Syria. The Suez Canal, the east bank of which was now occupied by Israel, was closed. Israel commenced efforts at large scale Israeli settlement in the Sinai Peninsula.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Following the Israeli conquest of Sinai, Egypt launched the War of Attrition (1967–70) aimed at forcing Israel to withdraw from the Sinai. The war saw protracted conflict in the Suez Canal Zone, ranging from limited to large-scale combat. Israeli shelling of the cities of Port Said, Ismailia, and Suez on the west bank of the canal, led to high civilian casualties (including the virtual destruction of Suez), and contributed to the flight of 700,000 Egyptian internal refugees. Ultimately, the war concluded in 1970 with no change in the front line.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: On 6 October 1973, Egypt commenced Operation Badr to retake the Sinai, while Syria launched a simultaneous operation to retake the Golan Heights, thereby beginning the Yom Kippur War (known in Egypt and much of Europe as the "October War"). Egyptian engineering forces built pontoon bridges to cross the Suez Canal, and stormed the Bar-Lev Line, Israel's defensive line along the Suez Canal's east bank. Though the Egyptians maintained control of most of the east bank of the Suez Canal, in the later stages of the war, the Israeli military crossed the southern section of the Suez Canal, cutting off the Egyptian 3rd Army, and occupied a section of the Suez Canal's west bank. The war ended following a mutually agreed-upon ceasefire. After the war, as part of the subsequent Sinai Disengagement Agreements, Israel withdrew from immediate proximity with the Suez Canal, with Egypt agreeing to permit passage of Israeli ships. The canal was reopened in 1975, with President Anwar Sadat leading the first convoy through the canal aboard an Egyptian Navy destroyer.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: In 1979, Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty in which Israel agreed to withdraw from the entirety of the Sinai Peninsula. Israel subsequently withdrew in several stages, ending in 1982. The Israeli pull-out involved dismantling almost all Israeli settlements, including the settlement of Yamit in north-eastern Sinai. The exception was that the coastal city of Sharm el-Sheikh (which the Israelis had founded as Ofira during their occupation of the Sinai Peninsula) was not dismantled. The Treaty allows monitoring of Sinai by the Multinational Force and Observers, and limits the number of Egyptian military forces in the peninsula.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Article 2 of Annex I of the Peace Treaty called for the Sinai Peninsula to be divided into zones. Within these zones, Egypt and Israel were permitted varying degrees of military buildup:


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Since the early 2000s, Sinai has been the site of several terror attacks against tourists, the majority of whom are Egyptian. Investigations have shown that these were mainly motivated by a resentment of the poverty faced by many Bedouin in the area. Attacking the tourist industry was viewed as a method of damaging the industry so that the government would pay more attention to their situation. (See 2004 Sinai bombings, 2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings and 2006 Dahab bombings). Since the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, unrest has become more prevalent in the area including the 2012 Egyptian-Israeli border attack in which 16 Egyptian soldiers were killed by militants. (See Sinai insurgency.)


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Also on the rise are kidnappings of refugees. According to Meron Estifanos, Eritrean refugees are often kidnapped by Bedouin in the northern Sinai, tortured, raped, and only released after receiving a large ransom.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Under President el-Sisi, Egypt has implemented a rigorous policy of controlling the border to the Gaza Strip, including the dismantling of tunnels between Gaza and Sinai.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: The two governorates of North and South Sinai have a total population of 597,000 (January 2013). This figure rises to 1,400,000 by including Western Sinai, the parts of the Port Said, Ismailia and Suez Governorates lying east of the Suez Canal. Port Said alone has a population of roughly 500,000 people (January 2013). Portions of the populations of Ismailia and Suez live in west Sinai, while the rest live on the western side of the Suez Canal.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: The population of Sinai has largely consisted of desert-dwelling Bedouins with their colourful traditional costumes and significant culture. Large numbers of Egyptians from the Nile Valley and Delta moved to the area to work in tourism, but development adversely affected the native Bedouin population. In order to help alleviate their problems, various NGOs began to operate in the region, including the Makhad Trust, a UK charity that assists the Bedouin in developing a sustainable income while protecting Sinai's natural environment, heritage and culture.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Since the Israeli–Egyptian peace treaty, Sinai's scenic spots (including coral reefs offshore) and religious structures have become important to the tourism industry. The most popular tourist destination in Sinai are Mount Sinai ("Jabal Musa") and St Catherine's Monastery, which is considered to be the oldest working Christian monastery in the world, and the beach resorts of Sharm el-Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba. Most tourists arrive at Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport, through Eilat, Israel and the Taba Border Crossing, by road from Cairo or by ferry from Aqaba in Jordan.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Cacti - especially cactus pears - are grown in Sinai. They are a crop of the Columbian Exchange. Cactus hedges - both intentionally planted and wild garden escapes - formed an important part of defensible positions during the Sinai and Palestine campaign of World War I. Some unfamiliar soldiers even tried eating them, to negative result.


title: Sinai Peninsula

text: Dromedary herding is important here. "Trypanosoma evansi" is a constant concern and is transmitted by several vectors. Although ticks have not been proven to be among them, Mahmoud and Gray 1980 and El-Kady 1998 experimentally demonstrate survival of "T. evansi" in camel ticks of the "Hyalomma" for several hours in the real bio-climatic conditions of Sinai.


Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby is a 2006 American sports comedy film directed by Adam McKay who co-wrote the film with Will Ferrell. It features Ferrell as the titular Ricky Bobby, an immature yet successful NASCAR driver. The film also features John C. Reilly, Sacha Baron Cohen, Gary Cole, Michael Clarke Duncan, Leslie Bibb, Jane Lynch, and Amy Adams in supporting roles. NASCAR drivers Jamie McMurray and Dale Earnhardt Jr. appear in cameos, as do broadcasting teams from "NASCAR on Fox" (Mike Joy, Larry McReynolds, Darrell Waltrip, and Dick Berggren) and "NASCAR on NBC" (Bill Weber, Wally Dallenbach Jr., and Benny Parsons).


title: Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby

text: The film was released theatrically on August 4, 2006, through Sony Pictures to critical and commercial success, grossing $163.4 million worldwide on a $72 million budget.


text: In rural North Carolina, Ricky Bobby is a man who grew up dreaming of going fast. Born in the backseat of a racing car on country roads while his father, Reese, accidentally missed the turnoff for the hospital due to driving too fast, Bobby grew up not knowing his father, only seeing him once at age 10 where he was kicked out of Bobby's school for inappropriate behavior. During this encounter, Bobby's father told him "If you ain't first, you’re last", advice which Bobby takes to heart. Fifteen years later, while working on the pit crew of Dennit Racing driver Terry Cheveaux, Bobby acts as a replacement driver after Terry decides to take a bathroom break while in last place. After finishing third in the race, Bobby gains a permanent seat at Dennit and quickly becomes one of NASCAR's most successful drivers. While racing, he meets his future wife Carley, after she flashes her breasts to him.


text: Years after becoming a NASCAR superstar, Bobby persuades Dennit Racing to field a second team for his best friend Cal Naughton Jr. Bobby and Naughton become an unstoppable duo on the track, but are soon introduced to their new teammate, openly gay French Formula One driver Jean Girard. Girard soon outperforms both Bobby and Naughton to become Dennit Racing's latest success story. Desperate to win, Bobby exceeds his limitations and crashes at Lowe's Motor Speedway. His declining performance subsequently gets him fired from his team; furthermore, Carley divorces him and leaves him for Naughton, causing Bobby to fall into depression and falling out with Naughton, despite the latter still calling Bobby his best friend and frequently calling to do social activities.


text: Bobby moves in with his mom Lucy, and brings his two disrespectful sons Walker and Texas Ranger with him while taking a job as a pizza delivery man. His luck worsens when he loses his driver's license after colliding with a woman pushing a shopping cart and hitting a police officer, reducing Bobby to riding the bus or a bicycle to deliver pizzas. Meanwhile, Lucy is determined to reform her grandsons.


text: When his life hits rock bottom, Bobby's estranged father Reese returns to remind him how to drive, using unorthodox methods such as putting a live cougar in his car, and forcing him to escape the police. When his father leaves him again after causing trouble at an Applebees restaurant, Bobby's former assistant Susan persuades him to return to NASCAR, since it is in his nature to drive fast. They quickly develop a romantic relationship when Bobby takes Susan's advice and races at Talladega Superspeedway. Bobby makes amends with Carley, Girard, and Naughton, while uniting with his pit crew chief and close friend Lucius Washington. With limited sponsors, Bobby's car is painted with a cougar to remind him of his passion. At the start of the race, Bobby flies from last place to pass all of the drivers except Girard. In the closing laps, Naughton uses a slingshot technique for Bobby to pass Girard.


text: In the closing laps of the race, the replacement driver of Bobby's former car causes a massive wreck that takes out the field, except Bobby and Girard. On the final lap, Bobby and Girard collide, wrecking their cars. Bobby and Girard exit their cars and begin running towards the finish line. Bobby reaches the line first, however both are disqualified for getting out of their cars. As Naughton takes the checkered flag, Girard offers Bobby a handshake, but Bobby responds by kissing him on the lips. Carley asks Bobby to move back in with her and start over, but he chooses to stay with Susan instead. At the end of the event, Bobby is congratulated in the parking lot by Reese; Bobby declares that it was no longer about winning, knowing that he has a family who loves him no matter where he finishes. He, his family and Susan leave to go back to Applebees.


text: In a post credits scene, Grandma Lucy is shown reading a story to Walker and Texas Ranger, both having fully been disciplined by her and are now presented as polite, respectful children.


text: Drivers: Dale Jarrett, Dale Earnhardt Jr., Kasey Kahne, Tony Stewart, J. J. Yeley, Jason Leffler, Brian Vickers, Jeff Gordon, Jimmie Johnson, Kyle Busch, Boris Said, Tony Raines, Mike Wallace, Kerry Earnhardt, Jeff Green


text: McKay and Ferrell first discussed a comedic film about a NASCAR driver while Ferrell was filming "Elf". Shortly after the filming of that film had completed, co-producer Jimmy Miller invited the two to a NASCAR race in Fontana, California, after which the two began initial writing of the film. The two presented the idea to studios using only a six-word pitch: "Will Ferrell as a NASCAR driver". Studios, responded enthusiastically to the pitch largely due to the recent commercial success of Ferrell as a comedic leading man in films like "Elf", "Old School" and "". After a bidding war by studios, the rights to the film were won by Sony Pictures. McKay and Ferrell knew that in order to create the film in the way in which they desired, they would need cooperation from NASCAR. Following a meeting with NASCAR executives, NASCAR agreed to provide assistance for the film's production. While writing the script, McKay and Ferrell sought to make a film that individuals involved with NASCAR would enjoy, in the same way in which people in the television news industry did with the pairs previous film Anchorman, with Ferrell stating "We were real adamant up front that our goal wasn't to make fun of NASCAR. We wanted to have fun with NASCAR." Despite NASCARS involvement with the film, many teams and drivers were reluctant to participate in the film largely due to the negative feelings those in the sport had for the 1990 film Days of Thunder, with drivers fearing the movie would be similar to Thunder. The only two drivers who did end up making cameos in the film were Dale Earnhardt Jr. and Jamie McMurray. During development, the films title changed from Talladega Nights to "High, Wide and Handsome" before eventually reverting back to the original title.


text: With the exception of one week of shooting at Talladega Superspeedway in Alabama, the entire film was filmed in North Carolina with the majority of filming occurring in the Charlotte Metropolitan Area. Many of the racing scenes were filmed at the Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina and Rockingham Speedway also known as The Rock. Various other scenes were filmed in the Gaston County, North Carolina area, including the Pizza Delivery, DMV Driving Test, and Church Choir scenes. The Pizza Delivery sequence began in Downtown Cramerton, North Carolina and concluded at the "Midtown Motor Inn" in Gastonia, North Carolina. Both the DMV Driving Test and the Church Choir scenes were filmed on the campus of First Baptist Church in Cramerton, North Carolina. Scenes at The Pit Stop, the bar the characters frequent and Ricky Bobby and Jean Girard first meet were filmed in a recently closed sports bar in Charlotte.<ref name="Emanuel Levy Cinema 24/7"></ref> The scenes for the Bobby residence were filmed at a mansion near Lake Norman.


text: McKay was adamant about wanting to incorporate stunts in the movie, and even had Ferrell and Reilly take driving classes at the Richard Petty Driving Experience with Ferrell later stating that he was "terrified" while driving the cars. Andy Hillenburg's Fast Track Enterprises and K4 Motorsports combined to provide race cars, hauler transportation and stunt coordination. Previously, the companies had assisted in promotion for "", "", and other stock car racing films. Within "Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby," K4 Motorsports created custom wrapping for specific race cars, notably Bobby's "ME" car.


text: The film grossed US$47 million in its first week, and was the 1 film at the box office, making it at the time, the largest opening weekend of Ferrell's career, before being passed by 2014's The Lego Movie. The film grossed $148.2 million in the US and Canada, and $15.1 million in other territories for a total worldwide gross of $163 million making it Ferrell's fourth highest grossing film behind The Lego Movie, Elf and and McKay's highest grossing film behind Anchorman 2 and The Other Guys.


text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 71% based on 188 reviews, with an average rating of 6.51/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Though it occasionally stalls, "Talladega Nights" mix of satire, clever gags, and excellent ensemble performances put it squarely in the winner's circle." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews." Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B" on scale of A+ to F.


text: Robert Koehler of "Variety" wrote: "Simultaneously teasing and loving a subject doesn't make for easy comedy, but writer-star Will Ferrell and director/co-writer Adam McKay pull it off with good-ol'-boy good nature in Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby." Koehler was surprised by the racing aspects of the film, and praised McKay's direction and Oliver Wood cinematography, saying "he gets the grit, heat and feel of NASCAR racetracks with a near-documentary sensibility." Owen Gleiberman of "Entertainment Weekly" found the film increasingly uneven as it progressed but praised the racing sequences: "The races are scorchingly shot, and they lend the movie a zest that was missing from ."


text: Sheri Linden of "The Hollywood Reporter" wrote: "From its pitch-perfect title through just about every detail, this sendup of sports-triumph movies maintains the right parodic pitch, if not always the highest mph on the laugh speedometer."


text: British magazine "Total Film" gave it a perfect five-star rating, with the following verdict: "Forget the recent blips; Ferrell is back in freewheeling form. More than just the year's funniest film, "Talladega Nights" is one of the best films of the year." Automotive journalist Leo Parente said, "the most accurate racing film ever, trust me," while emphasizing that he was not being sarcastic.


text: V8 Supercars team Britek Motorsport incorporated the "Talladega Nights" logo into the paint scheme of their Ford Falcon BAs for the 2006 Sandown 500 and the 2006 Bathurst 1000.


text: The Supercars also featured Talladega Nights in a Drive-In Night event at Skyline Blacktown on August 2, 2018, to promote the upcoming race at Sydney Motorsport Park that weekend.


text: Both Will Ferrell and John C. Reilly appeared at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards in June of that year, in character, to promote the film. The two presented the award for "Best Comedic Performance".


text: The Blu-ray version was released on November 17, 2006. Standard DVD and PSP UMD were released on December 12, 2006. When viewing, the opening menu gives viewers choices for Super Speedway (with footage of the film used as introductions for special features, scene selection, etc.) or Short Track (without video introductions). The film is presented on standard DVD in four different configurations, giving consumers the choice between either theatrical or unrated versions and anamorphic widescreen (2.40:1 aspect ratio) or pan and scan presentations. As for the audio, each standard DVD carries Dolby Digital 5.1 tracks in English and French with optional English and French subtitles.


text: Extras for the standard DVD editions include a retrospective "25 Years Later" commentary track featuring most of the main cast, deleted and extended scenes along with bonus race footage, features, interviews with Bobby, Naughton, and Carley, a gag reel, a 'line-o-rama' feature with alternate dialogue from the film, and DVD-ROM content. The unrated disc contains additional deleted scenes ("Cal Calls Ricky" and "What'd You Do Today?"), an interview with Girard and Gregory, and commercials. The "Unrated & Uncut" DVD omits two scenes that were in theaters: Bobby, as a child, steals his mother's station wagon and the happenings of Bobby's pit crew. The scenes are not present in the deleted scenes either.


text: The Blu-ray release is available on a dual-layer disc with the majority of features presented in high definition. These include: nine deleted/extended scenes, three interviews, gag reel, line-o-rama, bonus race footage, Bobby & Naughton's Commercials, Bobby & Naughton's public service announcements, Walker & Texas Ranger, Will Ferrell Returns to Talladega and a theatrical trailer. Three non-high definition extras include: Daytona 500 Spot, NASCAR Chase for the Nextel Cup Spot, and Sirius and NASCAR Spot. In terms of technical aspects, this edition carries the unrated cut and presents the film with a widescreen transfer at its 2.40:1 theatrical aspect ratio and includes Dolby Digital 5.1 tracks in English and French and an uncompressed PCM 5.1 audio track in English, along with English, French, Spanish, Chinese, Portuguese, Korean and Thai subtitles.


text: In October 2016, the film was re-released on Blu-Ray to coincide with its 10th anniversary. The 2-disc set includes all new bonus features, as well as both versions of the film, marking the theatrical version's first time on Blu-Ray disc.


text: On the final lap of the 2009 Aaron's 499 (one of two Sprint Cup Series races at Talladega Superspeedway), Carl Edwards crashed after Brad Keselowski made contact with his car on the final lap. His car turned backwards, went airborne, bounced off and crushed Ryan Newman's hood, flew into the catch fence, and came to a stop on the track apron. At this point, his car was just beyond the pit-road exit, as Keselowski and Dale Earnhardt Jr. crossed the finish line. Edwards climbed out of his car and jogged to the finish line. He received a standing ovation from the crowd. Fox play-by-play commentator Mike Joy commented on how it was "shades of Ricky Bobby." Although Edwards did cross the finish line but on his feet, he was still handed a DNF since his car did not cross the line and Edwards finished in 24th. Edwards was later asked about this on "Larry King Live"; he responded, "I'm kind of a Will Ferrell fan. He did that at the end of "Talladega Nights.""


text: At the 2012 Aaron's 499 at Talladega, Kurt Busch's unsponsored No. 51 Phoenix Racing Chevrolet Impala used Ricky Bobby's "ME" paint scheme. Busch and his team were heard reciting movie lines over the team radio. He was running up front when contact from behind sent him spinning, he went on to finish 20th. In October 2013, Busch's No. 78 Furniture Row Racing Chevrolet was sponsored by Wonder Bread for the fall race at Talladega. Its paint scheme was based on Ricky's original No. 26., he finished 18th in this race.


text: During qualifying at the 2013 United States Grand Prix, Sebastian Vettel and his race engineer Guillaume "Rocky" Rocquelin made reference to the movie over team radio when Vettel posted the fastest lap and gained pole position. The pair referenced the movie in saying "shake and bake" over the team radio, the same phrase used by Bobby and Naughton.


text: During his victory lap and postrace interview following the 2021 Quaker State 400, driver Kurt Busch exclaimed "Shake and Bake!" in reference to his teammate Ross Chastain, who assisted Busch in holding off his brother Kyle Busch for the victory.


title: Alex Lawther

text: Alexander Jonathan Lawther (born 4 May 1995) is an English actor. He made his professional acting debut originating the role of John Blakemore in Sir David Hare's "South Downs" in the West End. He made his feature film debut playing a young Alan Turing in the Academy Award-winning film "The Imitation Game" (2014), for which he received the London Film Critics' Circle Award for "Young British Performer of the Year" and was declared one of BAFTA's 2015 Breakthrough Brits.


title: Alex Lawther

text: He achieved more mainstream success for his role as Kenny in "Shut Up and Dance", an episode of the Netflix anthology series "Black Mirror" (2016), and for portraying the lead role of James in the Channel 4 series "The End of the F***ing World" (2017–2019). His other notable work includes his roles in "Freak Show, Howards End, Goodbye Christopher Robin", "Ghost Stories", "The Last Duel" and "Star Wars: Andor". On screen, he is known for his frequent portrayals of outsiders and eccentric characters.


title: Alex Lawther

text: Lawther was born in Winchester, Hampshire and raised in Petersfield. He is of English and Irish descent. The son of two lawyers (Yvonne Lawther; Michael Terrence), Lawther has described himself as having come from a "white middle-class bubble". As the youngest of three children, he said that his aspiration to be an actor came from having to make up his own games to entertain himself as a child. Both of his siblings live and work in the United States, with his older brother, Cameron Lawther, being an award-winning Hollywood film producer, and his older sister Ellie Lawther working in public policy.


title: Alex Lawther

text: Lawther was educated at Churcher's College, a selective independent school in the British public school tradition. While at Churcher's, Lawther was heavily involved in the drama programme, where he played Ratty in "The Wind in the Willows", Sir Toby Belch in "Twelfth Night", and Lucas in "The Third Bank of the River". He was awarded the Sir Daniel Day-Lewis Award by the Petersfield Town Council. In 2009, a fourteen-year-old Lawther was allowed to write and direct his own full-length play based on a song by Sara Bareilles entitled "Rejected Fairytales" as part of his drama club involvement, where he received laudatory coverage in the local press as a "theatrical whiz kid""."


title: Alex Lawther

text: In 2010, he was accepted into the prestigious National Youth Theatre, where he received his training as an actor. He also collaborated with his brother as an actor on his short film "The Fear", made when the elder Lawther was applying to film school. He did not study drama at GCSE or A level. He initially planned to read History at King's College London, but ultimately gave up his place after being cast in "The Imitation Game"; instead, he moved to London at 18 to pursue acting professionally.


title: Alex Lawther

text: Lawther's professional debut came at the age of 16, when he appeared as John Blakemore in Sir David Hare's "South Downs" at Chichester Festival Theatre. Lawther found out about an open audition for the play through his school, as the casting directors were scouting real students attending elite private schools in the South Downs for the play's public school setting. He travelled to London, where he beat hundreds of other young actors for the lead role. After a local trial run, the play then went to the West End, where he performed the role at the Harold Pinter Theatre in sold out runs whilst still studying for his A Levels. He received critical acclaim for his performance and, having previously viewed acting as only a hobby, he was encouraged to pursue a career in film and theatre. Shortly thereafter, he signed a contract with a film agent.


title: Alex Lawther

text: Following his performance in "South Downs", Lawther spent much of his early career playing wealthy English schoolboys. After several small television roles, he portrayed Benjamin Britten as a schoolboy in the television docudrama by Tony Britten, "Benjamin Britten: Peace and Conflict" (2013), also featuring John Hurt as the narrator. Lawther received his breakthrough film role as a young Alan Turing during his time at the Sherborne School in the Academy Award-winning film "The Imitation Game" (2014), with Benedict Cumberbatch portraying the older Turing. The role won him the London Film Critics' Circle Award for "Young British Performer of the Year". Subsequently, he appeared in a supporting role as a maths prodigy in the critically acclaimed coming-of-age drama film "X+Y," alongside Asa Butterfield and Sally Hawkins. He also starred as a young castrato in "Virtuoso", a pilot produced for HBO by Alan Ball, but the show was not picked up by the network. He returned to the theatre doing various small productions in London during this period, playing a sexually precocious young gay man in "The Glass Supper", and the lead in the post-apocalyptic "Crushed Shells and Mud".


title: Alex Lawther

text: In 2016, he starred alongside Juliet Stevenson in his first lead film role, playing Elliot in the British film, "Departure", the debut film of director Andrew Steggall, filmed in a mixture of French and English.


title: Alex Lawther

text: In 2016, Lawther played the main character Kenny in "Shut Up and Dance", an episode from series three of the British science fiction anthology series "Black Mirror". While the episode overall received mixed reviews, and Lawther himself later expressed lukewarm feelings for the episode, he received universal acclaim and significant recognition for his performance. He also performed in the mockumentary film "Carnage", directed by his frequent collaborator, comedian Simon Amstell.


title: Alex Lawther

text: In 2017, Lawther played Tibby Schlegel in "Howards End", a BBC One adaptation of the E.M. Forster novel that starred Hayley Atwell, as well as the lead role of Billy Bloom in Trudie Styler's "Freak Show," where he was supported by Bette Midler, Abigail Breslin, AnnaSophia Robb, Lorraine Toussaint and Larry Pine. "Freak Show" marked his first (and thus far only) appearance in an American film; Lawther has expressed a lack of interest in performing in more American films.


title: Alex Lawther

text: Later that same year, he also starred, alongside Jessica Barden, as James in the Peabody Award-winning television series "The End of the F***ng World". The role also brought Lawther more acclaim from critics and further raised his profile in the entertainment industry. He would go on to reprise this role during the show's second and final season, which received a BAFTA Award for Best Drama. He also originated the role of Sam in the Stephen Daltry-directed play "The Jungle," which focused on the refugee crisis in Calais, in both its London and New York productions. Lawther spent time in France meeting with refugees for this job, and ultimately found it to be one of his most challenging roles due to his character's right-wing views which were antithetical to his own. Subsequently, Lawther played the lead role of Amberson in Toby MacDonald's debut film "Old Boys", as well as a supporting role in the horror film "Ghost Stories".


title: Alex Lawther

text: In 2020, Lawther played the lead role in Régis Roinsard's thriller, "Les Traducteurs" (The Translators), his first non-English language film. As a result of fans of both Lawther and English singer-songwriter Declan McKenna frequently pointing out their resemblance, Lawther made an appearance in the music video for McKenna's song "The Key to Life on Earth". In 2021, Lawther appeared in Ridley Scott's "The Last Duel", Wes Anderson's "The French Dispatch", and Lucile Hadzihalilovic's "Earwig". He starred as Ariel in a French production of Shakespeare's "The Tempest" at Les Bouffes du Nord directed by Peter Brook and Marie-Hélène Estienne and replaces Andrew Scott in the titular role of "Hamlet" when Robert Icke's adaptation is brought to New York City, after previously being delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He appeared in the "Star Wars" spin-off series "Andor" as rebel operative Karis Nemik.


title: Alex Lawther

text: In 2021, Lawther made his directorial debut with music video for "Fountainhead" by Linus Fenton, starring Roman Griffin Davis and sponsored by CALM. In 2022, he wrote and directed the short film "For people in trouble", produced by Ben Affleck and Matt Damon and starring Emma D'Arcy and Archie Madekwe.


title: Alex Lawther

text: Lawther stopped using social media as he began to take more high-profile roles and considers himself to be "technophobic". He has described himself as politically left-wing, and generally tries to avoid discussing his private life when possible. He considers his biggest inspirations as an actor to be Ben Whishaw, Sally Hawkins, and Andrew Scott.


title: Alex Lawther

text: Lawther has been a Francophile and a fan of French cinema from a young age. He speaks fluent French and divides his time between Paris and London.


title: Alex Lawther

text: In 2020, Lawther co-signed an open letter to the government of the United Kingdom to ban conversion therapy for LGBT youth. He has also been involved in climate activism with Extinction Rebellion. He is a feminist and has critiqued the lack of diversity in the film industry. He became involved with causes supporting refugees following his work in "The Jungle" and supports the charity Choose Love.


title: Alex Lawther

text: After seeing a sixteen-year-old Lawther's West End debut in "South Downs", Dame Maggie Smith reportedly remarked to him that "most of us spend our lives trying to do what you've achieved". For that same performance, he was nominated for a WhatsOnStage Award for "Best Newcomer" and named one of London's "Top 25 Under 25" by the "Evening Standard". He has since received the London Film Critics' Circle Award for "Young British Performer of the Year" for "The Imitation Game" for and the Dublin Film Critics Award for "Best Actor" for "Departure". With the cast and crew of "The Jungle", he received a Special Citation at the Obie Awards for the play's off-off-Broadway production and was cited for his "deeply funny and moving performance" in "The End of the F***ing World" when the show received a Peabody Award.


title: Alex Lawther

text: Lawther was named as one of BAFTA's Breakthrough Brits for 2015. His acting style has been compared favourably to actor Ben Whishaw, whom he cites as an idol of his.


title: Rebecca Black

text: Rebecca Renee Black (born June 21, 1997) is an American singer and YouTuber. She gained extensive media coverage when the music video for her 2011 single "Friday" went viral on YouTube and other social media sites. "Friday" was derided by many music critics and viewers, who dubbed it "the worst song ever". Black went on to release other songs including her Dave Days collaboration "Saturday". She currently uploads videos on her YouTube channel about various topics. She has released two independent extended plays, "RE / BL" (2017) and "Rebecca Black Was Here" (2021).


title: Rebecca Black

text: Black was born in Irvine, California. She is the daughter of John Jeffery Black and Georgina Marquez Kelly, both veterinarians. Her mother is a Mexican emigrant, and her father, originally from Iowa, is of English, Italian, and Polish descent. Black attended private school from kindergarten to 6th grade, and moved to a public school due to bullying. She joined the school's musical theater program, where she felt she was "meant to be". In April 2011, Black dropped out in favor of homeschooling, citing both a need to focus on her career and a desire to avoid taunts from her former classmates. Black has said that she was also failing English class due to her busy schedule.


title: Rebecca Black

text: In late 2010, a classmate of Black and music-video client of Los Angeles record label ARK Music Factory told her about the company. Black's mother paid US$4,000 for ARK Music to produce the music video while the Blacks retained ownership of both the master and the video. The single, "Friday", written entirely by ARK, was released on YouTube and iTunes. The song's video was uploaded to YouTube on February 10, 2011, and received approximately 1,000 views in the first month. The video went viral on March 11, acquiring millions of views on YouTube in a matter of days, becoming the most discussed topic on social networking site Twitter, and garnering mostly negative media coverage. The single was released on March 14, with first-week sales estimated to be around 40,000 by "Billboard." On March 22, Black appeared on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno," during which she performed the song and discussed the negative reaction to it. The song peaked on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and the New Zealand Singles Chart at numbers 58 and 33, respectively. In the UK, the song debuted at number 61 on the UK Singles Chart. In response to the YouTube video of "Friday", Black began to receive phone and email death threats, which were investigated by the Anaheim Police Department. Black teamed up with Funny or Die on April Fool's Day 2011 (when the comedy site was renamed Friday or Die) for a series of videos, including one about the underage teens driving a car in her "Friday" video. She signed to manager Debra Baum's DB Entertainment, reportedly with Ryan Seacrest's help.


title: Rebecca Black

text: Black also stated that she is a fan of Justin Bieber, and expressed interest in performing a duet with him. MTV selected Black to host its first online awards show, the O Music Awards Fan Army Party, in April 2011. As an homage to "Friday", Black appeared in the music video for Katy Perry's "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)", in which Black plays alongside Perry as the hostess of a party Perry attends. A cover of "Friday" was performed on "Glee" in the second-season episode, "Prom Queen". When asked about why the song was covered on "Glee", show creator Ryan Murphy replied, "The show pays tribute to pop culture and, love it or hate it, that song is pop culture." Not long after the "Friday" video went viral on YouTube, Black and her mother, Georgina Kelly, got into legal issues with ARK Music over rights to the song. In a letter from Kelly's lawyer to ARK Music on March 29, 2011, it was alleged that ARK Music failed to fulfill the terms of their November 2010 agreement by not giving her the song and video's master recordings, by claiming Black as exclusively signed to the label, and by exploiting the song without permission – for example, selling a "Friday" ringtone. While Ark founder (and "Friday" co-writer) Patrice Wilson stated that Kelly "will get the masters and the song [...] [t]hey can have it all", and agreed that Black was not exclusive to Ark, his attorney claimed that Ark owns the copyright for the song and the November agreement is invalid. In June 2011, ARK Music Factory started charging to watch the music video on YouTube. Later that month, "Friday" was removed as a result of the legal dispute; it was restored to YouTube on September 16, 2011, on Black's official channel. "Friday" was revealed as YouTube's No. 1 video of 2011, with Black hosting a short video called "YouTube Rewind" in the year-end recap. The video received more than 167 million views and more than 3,190,000 "dislikes" during its first four months, prior to its temporary removal. After the fallout with ARK Music Factory, Black started an independent record label named RB Records.


title: Rebecca Black

text: Black released a self-produced single titled "My Moment" on July 18, 2011, the first on her label, with an accompanying music video published to her YouTube channel the same day. In the video, director Morgan Lawley features real life footage of Black from both before and after the popularization of "Friday". In late October 2011, production began on the music video for Black's third single, "Person of Interest". About the song, Black stated "The basis of it is that it's a love song but it's not a "love" song. It's about almost teenage crushes – when you're not in love yet but you really like a guy – which I'm really excited about because I don't think there are too many out like that. It's very much a dance type song. It will make you get up and dance and sing along in your car." The single and its accompanying music video were released on November 15, 2011. Black released two more singles in 2012: "Sing It" in May, and "In Your Words" in November. Black was planning to release her debut album in late 2011, which she said would include "a bunch of different kinds of stuff." The album was being recorded at a studio belonging to music producer Charlton Pettus. However, the album was never released. Black was featured in an ABC "Primetime Nightline: Celebrity Secrets" special entitled "Underage and Famous: Inside Child Stars' Lives".


title: Rebecca Black

text: In 2012, Black signed onto the Maker Studios YouTube network. She was also brought to Australia by Telstra to promote the launch of their 4G service. Zeitgeist, which sorted billions of Google searches to capture the year's 10 fastest-rising global queries, listed Black as "#1 Most Searched – Google". The searches for the teen singer topped even those of pop icons Lady Gaga and Adele. In late 2013, Black released the song "Saturday". For her sequel to "Friday", she collaborated with Dave Days. It became Black's second song to chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100, peaking at number 55. While it reached a higher position than "Friday" (number 58), "Saturday" was on the chart only one week, compared to six for "Friday". Aside from her original music, Black has been posting videos regularly on her YouTube channel, which include blogs (sometimes with other people on YouTube), question-and-answer videos, and occasional covers of songs by other artists. This includes her versions of two Miley Cyrus songs from 2013. That July, Black collaborated with fellow YouTube personality Jon D in an acoustic cover of "We Can't Stop", for which lyrical changes were made. Black followed with an acoustic version of "Wrecking Ball" in November.


title: Rebecca Black

text: At VidCon 2015, Black revealed that she had been working on an album which she hoped to release by the end of 2015. According to her, the album would not be anything like her previous songs. She had been working on the album since releasing her song "Friday"; however, but it took her a while to be free from ARK Music Factory and find producers with whom she was comfortable. However, no album or new original songs were released. Towards the end of 2015, Black performed a cover of "Wild" by Troye Sivan. Black created a web video in January 2016 on Go90 called "Life After Friday". In the show, Black graduates from high school, tells her parents she is not going to college and follows her adventures after moving to Los Angeles.


title: Rebecca Black

text: On August 26, 2016, Black released a new single titled "The Great Divide", her first release of new material in almost three years. This single was the last of her songs to make the charts, which was achieved at No. 23 under the "US Dance" category. Black came out with two more singles in the following year, which included "Foolish" on April 21, 2017, and "Heart Full of Scars" on September 1, 2017. She then released an EP on September 15, 2017, titled "RE / BL", which included these two songs as well as "The Great Divide". In June 2018, she appeared on BBC Radio 5 talking about cyberbullying, the adverse effects online attacks had on her and how cruel comments "stick with you forever". Black released the final single from "RE / BL", titled "Satellite", on June 4, 2018.


title: Rebecca Black

text: On June 7, 2018, Black appeared as a contestant in of the reality television musical competition series "", broadcast on Fox. The series is hosted by Fergie and judged by Sean Combs, Meghan Trainor and DJ Khaled. Black sang "Bye Bye Bye" from NSYNC for her audition, and received the go-ahead for the next round with "three blue rings" from all three judges. In the next round, she picked contestant James Graham from the boy band Stereo Kicks as her opponent. Graham performed "A Song for You", followed by Black singing Ednaswap's "Torn". The audience voted on the two performances, preferring to save Graham, with Black being eliminated from the show. After her appearance, she tweeted: "I am just blown away reading your comments and seeing so much support online,” she wrote. “Sending all of my love right back to you. Thank you for hearing me, for seeing me. This is just the beginning. Also I don't think I'm gonna sleep at all tonight I'm way too excited."


title: Rebecca Black

text: On National French Fry Day 2018, YouTube personality Miranda Sings, in collaboration with Dunkin' Donuts, released an adapted version of "Friday" titled "Donut Fry Day featuring Rebecca Black", as part of the Donut Fries marketing strategy. Black continued to release singles throughout 2019 and 2020 with the singles "Anyway", "Do You?", "Sweetheart" and "Self Sabotage". In September 2020, Black featured on the Dorian Electra track "Edgelord".


title: Rebecca Black

text: On January 29, 2021, Black released the song "Girlfriend". Shortly after, on February 10, 2021, she released a hyperpop remix of "Friday" produced by Dylan Brady of 100 Gecs and featuring 3OH!3, Big Freedia and Dorian Electra to commemorate the song's tenth anniversary. After releasing the singles "Personal" and "Worth It for the Feeling", Black announced her second EP, "Rebecca Black Was Here", which was released on June 16, 2021.


title: Rebecca Black

text: On November 10, 2022, Black announced her first full-length album, "Let Her Burn", which will be released sometime in early 2023.


title: Amanda Crew

text: Amanda Catherine Crew (born June 5, 1986) is a Canadian actress. Following her film debut in "Final Destination 3" (2006), she had lead roles as Felicia Alpine in "Sex Drive" (2008) and Tess Carroll in "Charlie St. Cloud" (2010), as well as Carrie Miller on the television series "Whistler" (2006–2008). From 2014 to 2019, she played Monica Hall on the HBO sitcom "Silicon Valley".


title: Amanda Crew

text: Amanda Crew was born in Langley, British Columbia. Her mother, Debbie Crew, is a legal secretary and her father, Ian Crew, is a telecom worker. She began acting when she was cast in the musical "Dragon Tales" in grade five. This led to talent-agency representation and doing commercials. She went on to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. Since October 2010, she has been in a long-term relationship with actor Dustin Milligan.


title: Amanda Crew

text: In 2005, at age 19, Crew landed her first onscreen acting role as Polly Brewer in the ABC teen drama "Life as We Know It". She made a cameo appearance as a sorority sister in an episode of "Smallville", a television series based on the DC Comics character Superman. From 2005 to 2006, she played Tanis McTaggart on the YTV teen drama "15/Love" which co-starred actress and close friend Meaghan Rath. From 2006 to 2008, Crew played Carrie Miller on the CTV drama "Whistler", for which she earned her first Leo award.


title: Amanda Crew

text: In 2006, she made her film debut in the supernatural horror film "Final Destination 3", the third installment in the "Final Destination" film series and the fourth chronologically. She played Julie Christensen, the younger sister of the film's protagonist Wendy. Crew had originally auditioned for the role of Erin Ulmer while Alexz Johnson auditioned for Julie, but ended up switching roles prior to filming. Despite mixed reviews from critics, the film was a commercial success, earning over $117 million at the box office worldwide. She made a cameo as a high school student in the romantic teen comedy "John Tucker Must Die", which was negatively received.


title: Amanda Crew

text: She later appeared in the romantic teen comedy "She's the Man", a modern adaptation of William Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night". She played Kia, a soccer player who helps her friend Viola Hastings (played by Amanda Bynes) pretend to be her brother in order to play on the boys' soccer team after their team gets cut by their misogynistic coach. In 2008, Crew landed her first lead role in the teen road comedy "Sex Drive". She played Felicia Alpine, a high school student who goes on a road trip with her two best friends (played by Josh Zuckerman and Clark Duke).


title: Amanda Crew

text: She later starred as Marie in the romantic comedy "That One Night", which premiered at the Omaha Film Festival on February 19, 2008. In 2009, she had a supporting role with Martin Donovan and Kyle Gallner in the supernatural horror film "The Haunting in Connecticut". Despite negative reviews from critics, the film opened in second place at the North American box office and eventually grossed $77.5 million worldwide. She starred in the romantic comedy "The Break-Up Artist" as Britney, a breakup artist who becomes a matchmaker after her ex-boyfriend starts his own breakup company and steals her customers.


title: Amanda Crew

text: In 2010, Crew co-starred with Zac Efron and Kim Basinger in the supernatural romantic drama "Charlie St. Cloud", playing the love interest of the titular character. Despite negative reviews, it proved to be Crew's mainstream breakthrough. Later that year, she starred in the crime thriller "Repeaters" as Sonia Logan, a drug addict who becomes trapped in a time loop. The film premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival on September 13 and received negative reviews from critics. Despite this, the film was nominated for nine Leo Awards, including Best Feature Length Film, losing to "Gunless". Crew herself received a Best Actress nomination for her performance.


title: Amanda Crew

text: In 2011, Crew starred in the crime thriller "Charlie Zone" as a heroin addicted single mother. After the film had its world premiere at the Atlantic Film Festival on September 16, 2011, the film was screened at the Vancouver International Film Festival on October 10, 2012, and later received a limited theatrical release on March 1, 2013. She later starred in the family drama "Sisters & Brothers" as Nikki, an aspiring actress who comes into conflict with her older half-sister. The film won six Leo Awards, including Best Feature Length Film, and Best Lead Performance by a Female in a Motion Picture for Crew's performance.


title: Amanda Crew

text: Crew guest-starred on the USA Network legal drama "Suits", as an expert hacker who has stolen money from her father's company. In 2012, Crew co-starred with an ensemble cast in the political thriller "Knife Fight". She plays a woman involved in an affair with Larry Becker (played by Eric McCormack). The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 25, 2012. In 2013, Crew co-starred with Kim Coates and Katie Boland in the thriller "Ferocious". She played Leigh Parrish, a small-town girl turned famous actress who goes to great lengths to keep her reputation from being destroyed. Despite negative reviews, Crew received her fourth Leo nomination for her performance.


title: Amanda Crew

text: She later reunited with "The Haunting in Connecticut" co-star Virginia Madsen in the romantic comedy drama "Crazy Kind of Love". She played Bette Mack, a woman who becomes intimately involved with the youngest son of a family nearly torn apart by the father's infidelity. She had a supporting role in the biopic "Jobs", playing a hippie college student who has a one-night stand with Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs (played by Ashton Kutcher). The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival on January 25 and was critically panned.


title: Amanda Crew

text: From 2014 to 2019, Crew starred as venture capitalist Monica Hall in Mike Judge's HBO sitcom "Silicon Valley". In the first season, her character was originally an assistant to Peter Gregory (played by Christopher Evan Welch), but in the second season she becomes an associate partner with Laurie Bream (played by Suzanne Cryer) after Welch's death in 2013, and later leaves Bream Hall to join Pied Piper as its CFO and business advisor. She guest-starred on the second season of the CTV police procedural drama "Motive" as Robin Keaton, a young widowed mother who becomes engaged unknowingly to the man responsible for the murder of her son's father.


title: Amanda Crew

text: She later co-starred with Brian Geraghty in the Christian musical drama "The Identical", where they play a couple who gives one of their newborn twin sons to a sterile couple (played by Ray Liotta and Ashley Judd, respectively) as they cannot raise them both. The film premiered at the Nashville Film Festival on April 17, 2014 to negative reviews and was a box office bomb. In her third collaboration with director Carl Bessai, she starred as seductive librarian Izzy Fontaine in the crime comedy "Bad City", which premiered at the Oldenburg International Film Festival on September 10, 2014. The film was nominated for nine Leo Awards, including Best Feature Length Drama and Best Supporting Actress for Crew's performance.


title: Amanda Crew

text: In 2015, she co-starred with Blake Lively and Ellen Burstyn in the fantasy romance "The Age of Adaline", playing the college student daughter of William and Kathy Jones (played by Harrison Ford and Kathy Baker, respectively). Crew co-starred with musical duo Aly & AJ in the comedy drama "Weepah Way for Now", which premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 16, 2015. In 2016, Crew starred in the biographical sports drama "Race", playing the love interest of track and field coach Larry Snyder (played by Jason Sudeikis). The film received seven nominations at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards, including Best Motion Picture. She co-starred with Michael Shannon in the western drama "Poor Boy", playing a roller girl who moonlights as a prostitute. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 17, 2016.


title: Amanda Crew

text: She later reunited with "Ferocious" co-star Michael Eklund in the romantic sports comedy "Chokeslam". She played Sheena DeWilde, an ill-tempered wrestler who is romantically pursued by her ex-boyfriend Corey Swanson (played by Chris Marquette) despite being intimately involved with her manager Tab Hennessey (played by Niall Matter). After the film premiered at the Calgary International Film Festival on October 2, 2016, it was released on February 10, 2017 to mixed reviews from critics. In 2017, Crew starred in the critically panned romantic wedding comedy "Table 19". She played Nikki, the maid of honor at a wedding and the narcissistic girlfriend of the wedding's best man Teddy (played by Wyatt Russell).


title: Amanda Crew

text: She later co-starred with Ed Harris in the drama thriller "A Crooked Somebody", playing a woman whose father was murdered when she was a child. The film premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 21, 2017, and was released in theaters on October 5, 2018 to critical acclaim. She co-starred with Stephen McHattie in the crime drama "Juggernaut", playing a woman who gets caught in the middle of a family conflict between her boyfriend Dean Gamble (played by David Cubitt) and his outlaw younger brother Saxon (played by Jack Kesy). The film premiered at the San Diego International Film Festival on October 7, 2017.


title: Amanda Crew

text: In 2018, Crew co-starred with Emile Hirsch and Bruce Dern in the science fiction thriller "Freaks", playing the mother of a young girl with telekinetic abilities. The film had its world premiere in the Discovery section at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2018, where it was nominated for Best Canadian Film, and was released worldwide on September 13, 2019. She co-starred with Adam Brody in the horror film "Isabelle", playing a woman who begins seeing a supernatural entity following the death of her stillborn son. The film had its world premiere in the Midnight Passion section at the 23rd Busan International Film Festival on October 6, 2018. In spite of the film being panned by critics, Crew was nominated for the Best Actress award at several film festivals for her performance. In 2019, she starred in the home invasion horror comedy "Tone-Deaf". She played Olive Smith, an entitled and obnoxious millennial who, after several failed relationships and being fired from her job, decides to flee to the countryside and rent a house from widowed baby-boomer Harvey Parker (played by Robert Patrick, who was also one of the film's executive producers). The film had its world premiere at the SXSW Festival on March 10, 2019 and was released worldwide on August 23. Reviews for the film were predominantly mixed, though Crew's performance was praised.


title: Amanda Crew

text: In 2020, she appeared in the biographical crime thriller "Target Number One". She played Anna Malarek, the wife of journalist Victor Malarek (played by Josh Hartnett). The film was released on July 10, 2020 to positive reviews from critics. Crew is set to appear opposite Alisha Wainwright in the horror television film "There's Something Wrong with the Children", which will premiere on January 17, 2023 on Epix. She will star opposite Tom Felton in the thriller "Some Other Woman".


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil () is a 2019 South Korean action thriller film directed by Lee Won-tae. The film stars Ma Dong-seok, Kim Mu-yeol and Kim Sung-kyu. The narrative revolves around three characters: a serial killer, the gangster who was almost a victim of the killer and the cop who wants to arrest the killer. The cop and the gangster decide to join forces to catch the killer, but face challenges from their respective enemies at work.


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: The film was released theatrically in South Korea on 15 May 2019, and was also screened in the "Midnight Screenings" section at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival as well as at the 2019 Fantasia International Film Festival.


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: A man's car is hit by a stranger who kills him when he takes pictures of the damage for claiming car insurance. Jung Tae-suk is a cop, who goes through the crime scene and suspects it to be the work of a serial killer, but his senior does not believe him. Jang Dong-soo is a crime boss, while on his way home after a meeting. The same killer hits his car and eventually tries to kill him. A brutal fight ensues, leaving both of them injured. Finally, the killer escapes after knocking Dong-soo with his car. Dong-soo is admitted to the hospital, and his henchmen assume that the attack was committed by a rival gang, whom they counter-attack.


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: However, Dong-soo believes the killer was not a rival gang member as his moves seemed to be random and purposeless. Tae-suk visits Dong-soo at the hospital and asks him to cooperate so that he can catch the killer for him, but Dong-soo does not comply. Instead, Dong-soo orders his men to find the killer through a sketch, and they manage to find his car and a knife. Dong-soo eventually informs Tae-suk of the findings, and they decide to team up to catch the mysterious killer. Dong-soo agrees to provide manpower and cover expenses — but on the condition that the killer belongs to the one who finds him first. Dong-soo wants to kill him for revenge while Tae-suk wants to arrest him in order to solve five connected murder cases and eventually get promoted.


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: Meanwhile, Dong-soo orders his right-hand man, Kwon Oh-sung, to kill his rival Heo Sang-do with the killer's knife that already has the blood imprints of the killer's previous victims. An enraged Tae-suk gets into a fight with Dong-soo upon learning what he has done as the killing is confirmed to be the serial killer's work and the case would get transferred to the major case squad. Dong-soo visits Sang-do's funeral where the killer also turns up informing Sang-do's second-in-command man that it was Dong-soo who actually killed Sang-do with the killer's knife. When Tae-suk and Dong-soo check the killer's car for any evidence, they are attacked by Sang-do's henchmen. A fight ensues, resulting in the death of Sang-do's right-hand man.


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: Dong-soo gets him buried and clears the scene. Tae-suk is now assigned to investigate a kidnapping case, and, while solving it, he spots the killer. A chase ensues, but the killer flees. Through the forensic test, Tae-suk discovers the killer to be a missing person. He informs Dong-soo about this and lets him hear a voice clip to confirm the missing person to be the killer. Later, Dong-soo helps a high school girl by giving her his umbrella and soon learns that the girl has been murdered and his umbrella was found at the crime scene. They start looking for the killer and eventually find him in a car. In an ensuing chase, the killer manages to kill Oh-sung but is finally captured and incapacitated by Dong-soo. Dong-soo takes the killer away to torture and kill him, but Tae-suk tracks them and crashes his car into the hideout, knocking Dong-soo unconscious and arresting the killer.


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: The police have no conclusive evidence against the killer, Kang Kyung-ho. As a last resort, Tae-suk asks Dong-soo, the sole survivor of the attacks, to testify. Simultaneously, Tae-suk threatens to release a tape of Dong-soo's confession of having Sang-do killed. During Kyung-ho's trial, Dong-soo arrives to testify and provides decisive testimony. Dong-soo successfully predicts the existence of a stab wound on Kyung-ho's body, previously inflicted by Dong-soo during their first encounter. Dong-soo also provides misleading evidence framing Kyung-ho for Sang-do's murder. The court sentences Kyung-ho to death; however, Dong-soo is also arrested due to his illegal activities.


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: Tae-suk is finally promoted while Dong-soo is sent to the prison where Kyung-ho is kept: The condition which Dong-soo had requested Tae-suk to fulfill in exchange for the testimony followed by his arrest. Spotting Kyung-ho, Dong-soo gleefully enters prison. While Kyung-ho is showering, he is confronted by Dong-soo. With a rope in his hand and a smile on his face, Dong-soo tells Kyung-ho that the game ends.


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: "The Gangster, the Cop, The Devil" was released in South Korea on May 15, 2019. The film will also be shown out of competition in the Midnight Screenings section at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival.


title: The Gangster, the Cop, the Devil

text: The film received positive critical reviews. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of based on reviews. The critics consensus states, "An odd couple cop thriller with a twist, "The Gangster, The Cop, The Devil" tells its entertaining story with a blend of humour and hard-hitting action." On review aggregator website Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 65 out of 100 based on seven critics, indicating "generally favourable reviews".