title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: "Pokémon Diamond" and "Pearl" were developed by Game Freak and Junichi Masuda served as game director. The game's music was scored by Hitomi Sato and Junichi Masuda under the supervision of Go Ichinose, with a few other fanfares composed by Morikazu Aoki. According to The Pokémon Company's Tsunekazu Ishihara, the games were designed with the DS's unique features in mind, such as the Wi-Fi capabilities and slot for Game Boy Advance cartridges. The command buttons in the battle screen are large and color-coded; according to Masuda, this feature would facilitate gameplay for players unable to read. Also, the touchscreen interface was designed to encourage players to use their fingers rather than the stylus to manipulate the screen. Though most of the graphics in "Diamond" and "Pearl" are 2D, some of the background elements are 3D. The decision to retain 2D graphics in "Diamond" and "Pearl" drew criticism; in response, Tsunekazu Ishihara said that "we wanted to maintain the original idea of "Pokémon" being a game that you played on this big map" and explained that physically, the games were in three dimensions but was designed to "maintain the original feel of the game". Responding to criticism over the use of Friend Codes in the games, Ishihara explained that it was a security measure taken to ensure that players would not be able to chat with strangers over the Wi-Fi connection. Nintendo released a statement detailing glitches found in Japanese releases of "Diamond" and "Pearl". The glitches caused players to be stuck in an in-game wall or lose saved data. Nintendo released patches to certain retailers in Japan to fix these glitches.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: In mid 2020, dataminers leaked the source code for "Diamond" and "Pearl", revealing a collection of unused sprites and scrapped designs for new Pokémon. They were first leaked onto ResetEra, and were part of a series of Nintendo-related leaks of unfinished builds of games in development.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: Development of "Pokémon Diamond" and "Pearl" was announced at a Nintendo press conference in the fourth calendar quarter of 2004 alongside the reveal of "Pokémon Dash" and details on the Japanese launch of the Nintendo DS. Masuda stated it would "become a new type of game that offers a number of new forms of play" and that he was determined to create "the ultimate ["Pokémon"] version". Though "Diamond" and "Pearl" were expected to be released in Japan by 2005, Nintendo revealed that the developers were still working on aspects of the gameplay and that the games would not be released until 2006. The company said that "Diamond" and "Pearl" would be able to communicate with "Pokémon" games for the Game Boy Advance, allowing players to transfer their Pokémon to the new games. Nintendo also announced that the games would make full use of the Wi-Fi capabilities of the DS, allowing 16 players to communicate wirelessly at one time. Further information concerning the games was not released until mid-2006, when Nintendo President Satoru Iwata mentioned that connectivity with "Pokémon Battle Revolution" was also still in development; new features such as the Pokétch and time sensitivity were also mentioned.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: The games were released in Japan on September 28, 2006. To commemorate the release, Nintendo sold a limited-edition DS Lite in Japanese Pokémon Center stores and through the Pokémon fan club by mail. The console featured the games' mascots Dialga and Palkia painted in silver and gold respectively on a metallic black finish. A two-disc soundtrack, "Nintendo DS Pokémon Diamond & Pearl Super Music Collection", was also released in Japan on December 22, 2006. It peaked at #253 on Japan's Oricon charts and charted for one week. On December 20, 2006, Nintendo of America announced that the North American release of the games was slated for April 22, 2007, and that those who pre-ordered their copies of the games would receive special DS styluses branded with some of the new Pokémon. Shortly before the games' North American release, The Pokémon Company presented a limited demo of the games for Nintendo's booth at the Game Developer's Conference. To celebrate the games' North American release, Nintendo held a release party at the Nintendo World Store in New York City's Rockefeller Plaza. Nintendo of Europe announced a release date of July 27, 2007, for the European Union, and Nintendo Australia announced a June 21 release date. A launch event was held in GAME stores at Hamleys to celebrate the European release of the games. The event, held on July 26, 2007, offered a chance to purchase the games one day before their official release date and featured an appearance by band McFly. To celebrate the Australian release of the games, Nintendo launched the nationwide Nintendo DS Connection Tour 07; each stop in the tour featured events such as Pokémon Trading Card Game competitions and Pokémon trivia games.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: The success of the games revived the popularity of the "Pokémon" brand. George Harrison, then Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing, noted that the games were attracting "players of all ages"—from younger children to "grown men and women" and older players who "played the original "Pokémon" games". As a result, Pokémon USA opened a temporary boutique in the Times Square Toys "R" Us that sold exclusively "Pokémon" licensed merchandise including Jakks Pacific-created action figures, plush toys, backpacks, and clothing. Ronald Boire, president of Toys "R" Us, stated that the store planned to open temporary boutiques in all 585 of its domestic locations. Other "Pokémon" merchandise included a BattleDome Playset and a talking Pokédex. Additionally, Pokémon USA partnered with Burger King in 2008 to launch a promotional campaign in which Burger King included exclusive "Pokémon" trading cards and accessories with Kids Meals. The promotion lasted from July 7 to August 3 in the United States and continued through the fall internationally.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: is an enhanced version of "Pokémon Diamond" and "Pearl" developed by Game Freak and published by The Pokémon Company and Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld game console. It was released on September 13, 2008, in Japan, March 22, 2009, in North America, May 14, 2009, in Australia, and May 22, 2009, in Europe. The developers made "Platinum" with the intent of making it a stronger version of "Diamond" and "Pearl", which they described as the "ultimate" "Pokémon" titles.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: "Pokémon Platinum" has been met with generally positive reception, holding aggregate scores of 84 and 83.14% at Metacritic and GameRankings respectively. It was praised for the additions and changes made to "Diamond" and "Pearl" by publications such as "IGN", "Nintendo Power", and "GamePro", though it has been criticized for being too similar to them. "IGN" included it as the ninth-best Nintendo DS game ever made, as well as nominating it as one of the best DS role-playing games of 2009. It was the fastest-selling game in Japan at the time, selling 7.06 million copies by May 7, 2010.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: "Pokémon Diamond" and "Pearl" garnered slightly higher ratings than "FireRed" and "LeafGreen" and "Ruby" and "Sapphire". The highest score given was a 92 by UK "Official Nintendo Magazine", while the lowest was a 67 by "Game Revolution". Official Nintendo Magazine would later go on to rank the game 20th in a list of the greatest Nintendo games. Ryan Davis of "GameSpot" gave the games an 8.5/10, "Great", and called the games "the most well-rounded "Pokémon" games to date." "IGN" and "GameZone" also gave the games an 8.5/10. The UK "Official Nintendo Magazine" gave the games 92%, and "GameSpy" gave them a 4.5/5. The games received slightly lower reviews from "ComputerAndVideoGames.com" than "Ruby" and "Sapphire" had, but earned an "A−" grade from "1UP.com", an improvement from "Ruby" and "Sapphire"s "B−".


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: Most reviewers felt that though the gameplay and storyline had not changed much since the first games, "Diamond" and "Pearl" were still engaging. Ryan Davis of "GameSpot" said, "[I]t's a little surprising how well the formula holds up in "Diamond" and "Pearl", which is a testament to the strong fundamentals of the series as well as the quality of the execution." The games' Wi-Fi connectivity also earned largely positive reviews. "1UP.com" called the addition of wireless connectivity the games' "biggest improvements". "GameSpot" and "GameSpy" both listed the addition of online play as one of the positive points of the games and called the system "robust" and "probably the most significant new feature." "ComputerAndVideoGames.com" said of the Global Trade Center, "Suddenly, "Pokémon" feels properly alive for the first time since playgrounds were abuzz with monsters in the late '90s – and you'll instantly forgive Game Freak their technical stubbornness the first time you switch on your DS and find the level 100 Munchlax you craved is on your cart."


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: The graphics generally received positive reviews. "GameSpot" praised the blend of 2D and 3D graphics, and "GameZone" said that the graphics were "better than what I had originally imagined" and that "a "Pokemon" title hasn't ever looked this good on a handheld." "GameSpy" felt that the graphics, though simple, made the game "a pleasure to explore". "ComputerAndVideoGames.com", however, said that "the so-called '3D' isn't up to much: it's just a viewpoint shuffle, with DS's gutsy engine taking a nice long nap between the odd hypnotic windfarm or fog effect." The audio was not so well-received: "IGN" felt that the cries made by the Pokémon "still screech with the flair of the original Game Boy" and that the music, while "more advanced", was "not much beyond [Game Boy Advance] quality". "GameZone" also felt that the sounds had not been updated, saying "This [the audio] is the only area that hasn't taken one step forward. It remains stagnant and doesn't show any progression over the GBA titles". "GameSpot" cited the games' "recycled" sounds as one of the negative points.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: First released in Japan in 2006, "Pokémon Diamond" and "Pearl" have the most successful launch week of games in the "Pokémon" series, and the best launch week for any Nintendo DS game for the country alone. Within forty-six days, the games sold three million units, becoming the fastest DS games to do so; by the end of the year, the number increased to five million units in just under three months, making "Diamond" and "Pearl" the best-selling "Pokémon" games in Japan. In the United States, pre-orders for "Diamond" and "Pearl" passed 533,000, almost twice the pre-sale numbers for "FireRed" and "LeafGreen". Within five days of release, the games sold around one million copies and were the fastest-selling "Pokémon" games ever until the release of "Pokémon Platinum". The games were the seventh-best-selling video games of 2007, with around 4.27 million units sold in the United States; in early 2009 sales passed 5.3 million units. As of September 30, 2017, "Pokémon Diamond" and "Pearl" combined have sold 17.67 million copies worldwide, making their sales totals around one million higher than those of "Ruby" and "Sapphire" and around six million higher than those of "FireRed" and "LeafGreen". The games also boosted sales of hardware in the United States, spurring the sales of 471,000 DS units and causing the sales of video games in April 2007 to rise 20% from April 2006. In Europe, the games sold around 1.6 million units within just seven weeks of their release and topped the charts in Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Additionally, there have been more than 10 million Pokémon trades via Wi-Fi.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: At G4's G-phoria 2007, the games won "Best Handheld Game", and were nominated for "Best RPG". In 2008 "Pokémon Diamond" and "Pearl" were nominated for the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Children's Kids Vote Award. In "IGN"s Best of 2007 Awards, "Diamond" and "Pearl" were named the best Nintendo DS online multiplayer games and the best Nintendo DS RPG games of the year. In the 2006 "Famitsu" Game Awards, "Diamond" and "Pearl" won the Best Hit award and tied with "Final Fantasy XII" for the Game of the Year award.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: Competitive battling in "Pokémon" became much more popular with "Diamond" and "Pearl". The physical special split allowed Pokémon such as Gengar and Gyarados to use their higher attacking stat and gave special/physical coverage moves to formerly all-physical/special types, and online play made Pokémon battling possible all over the world.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: "Pokémon Brilliant Diamond" and "Shining Pearl" are enhanced remakes of the games and were released for the Nintendo Switch on November 19, 2021.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: "Pokémon Legends: Arceus" is an action role-playing game which serves as a prequel to "Diamond" and "Pearl" and is set in an older version of the Sinnoh region, the Hisui region. It was released for the Nintendo Switch on January 28, 2022.


title: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

text: is the first Wii incarnation of the "Pokémon" video game franchise. It is also the first Wii game to use the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection in North America and Japan and the first Wii game to wirelessly interact with the Nintendo DS handheld.


title: Ayushmann Khuranna filmography

text: Ayushmann Khurrana is an Indian actor, singer, and television host who works in Hindi films. Khurrana first appeared in 2004 teen drama reality show MTV "Roadies", winning the second season of the show. He went to star in many other MTV shows, including "MTV Fully Faltoo Movies", "Cheque De India" and "Jaadoo Ek Baar", and hosted multiple television shows, including "India's Got Talent" and "Music Ka Maha Muqqabla". In 2012, he made his feature film debut with the romantic comedy "Vicky Donor", about sperm donation, which received critical acclaim and performed strongly at the box office. Khurrana's performance won him the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer (for the song "Pani Da Rang"), Screen Award for Best Male Debut, Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Debut, and Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer. He then starred in a series of commercially unsuccessful films, including the comedy-drama "Nautanki Saala" (2013), romantic comedy "Bewakoofiyaan" (2014), and drama "Hawaizaada" (2015).


title: Ayushmann Khuranna filmography

text: In 2015, Khurrana starred in the Sharat Katariya-directed romantic drama "Dum Laga Ke Haisha" opposite Bhumi Pednekar. His performance was praised, and the film emerged as a commercial success. He then starred in "Meri Pyaari Bindu" (2017), "Bareilly Ki Barfi" (2017), and "Shubh Mangal Saavdhan" (2017). The latter two were commercially successful. In 2018, he starred in the black comedy "Andhadhun" and the comedy-drama "Badhaai Ho". The former grossed ₹4.56 billion (US$64 million) worldwide, and became one of Indian cinema's biggest grossers; for his performance he won the National Film Award for Best Actor (shared with Vicky Kaushal for "") and the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. "Badhaai Ho" became a sleeper hit, earning over ₹2.21 billion (US$31 million) worldwide. This success continued with Khurrana's 2019 releases, "Article 15", "Dream Girl", and "Bala." For the first of these, he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor, and Screen Award for Best Actor (Critics). In the comedy "Bala", he played a man plagued with premature balding.


title: James Maddison

text: James Daniel Maddison (born 23 November 1996) is an English professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for club Leicester City and the England national team.


title: James Maddison

text: Maddison began his career with Coventry City before joining Norwich City in 2016. He spent the 2016–17 season on loan at Scottish Premiership club Aberdeen. In his first season back at Norwich, Maddison was named in the Championship PFA Team of the Year and EFL Team of the Season. He joined Premier League club Leicester City in 2018.


title: James Maddison

text: Maddison was capped by England at under-21 level from 2017 to 2019, and made his debut for the senior team in 2019.


title: James Maddison

text: Maddison was born and raised in Coventry, West Midlands. He has Irish ancestry through a grandparent.


title: James Maddison

text: Maddison joined Coventry City's youth team, and was included in the first-team squad in the 2013–14 season, though did not make an appearance. He made his debut in August 2014, coming on as a substitute in a 2–1 League Cup defeat to Cardiff City. Maddison made his league debut, again as a substitute, in a 3–1 home loss against Bristol City and his first league start in the following game, against Oldham Athletic. He scored his first league goal in the game, with a free kick in the first half, as the Sky Blues lost the game 4–1.


title: James Maddison

text: In November 2014, Maddison signed his first professional contract, lasting three-and-a-half years, but missed much of the rest of the 2014–15 season after being sent off during a Boxing Day defeat to Doncaster Rovers and then picking up a back injury.


title: James Maddison

text: Maddison signed for Premier League club Norwich City on 1 February 2016 on a three-and-a-half-year contract for an undisclosed fee, but was immediately loaned back to Coventry City for the remainder of the 2015–16 season.


title: James Maddison

text: Maddison made his first team debut for Norwich in an EFL Cup tie against his former club Coventry on 23 August 2016. On 31 August 2016, Maddison was loaned to Scottish Premiership club Aberdeen for the first part of the 2016–17 season. He made his debut as a substitute against Inverness Caledonian Thistle, then started and scored in the next match in a 3–1 win against Dundee. He followed this with a last-minute winner against Rangers on 25 September.


title: James Maddison

text: After returning from his loan spell at Aberdeen, Maddison made his long-awaited league debut for Norwich on 17 April 2017, coming on as a substitute in the second half and scoring in a 3–1 win against Preston North End at Deepdale. Maddison signed a new four-year contract in June. With the arrival of new coach Daniel Farke, Maddison was given regular starts in the team during the 2017–18 season and was named Norwich City's Player of the Season at the end of the campaign, as well as receiving a nomination for the EFL Championship Young Player of the Season award.


title: James Maddison

text: Maddison signed for Premier League club Leicester City on 20 June 2018, on a five-year contract for an undisclosed fee thought to be around £20 million. He scored his first goal in the Premier League on 18 August in a 2–0 win against Wolverhampton Wanderers. He later followed up his impressive start for the club with back-to-back Premier League goals, from set-pieces, against AFC Bournemouth and Huddersfield Town, respectively. On 29 July 2020, he agreed a new four-year contract with Leicester.


title: James Maddison

text: On 27 September 2020, Maddison scored a curler outside the box in a 5–2 win against Manchester City in the league which was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month.


title: James Maddison

text: On 11 April 2021, Maddison was one of three players dropped from Leicester's squad for the game against West Ham United after breaching COVID-19 protocols.


title: James Maddison

text: Maddison was included in an England under-21 squad in March 2016, but was unable to play due to injury. He received his first call-up to the England under-21 team in November 2017, and made his debut against Ukraine in a 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier. He received his first call-up to the senior team in October 2018 for the UEFA Nations League matches against Croatia and Spain.


title: James Maddison

text: On 27 May 2019, Maddison was included in England's 23-man squad for the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship and scored his first goal for his country during a 3–3 draw with Croatia at the San Marino Stadium on 24 June.


title: James Maddison

text: Maddison withdrew from the senior squad in October 2019 due to illness. He was later seen visiting a casino, although his conduct was defended by club manager Brendan Rodgers. Maddison made his debut for England on 14 November when he came on for Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain in the 56th minute of a 7–0 win over Montenegro in UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying.


title: James Maddison

text: After a three-year absence, he was announced as part of the 26-man England squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.


title: John Boehner

text: John Andrew Boehner ( ; born , 1949) is an American retired politician who served as the 53rd speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served 13 terms as the U.S. representative for from 1991 to 2015. The district included several rural and suburban areas near Cincinnati and Dayton.


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner previously served as the House Minority Leader from 2007 until 2011, and House Majority Leader from 2006 until 2007. In January 2011, he was elected Speaker. Boehner resigned from the House of Representatives in October 2015 due to opposition from within the Republican caucus.


title: John Boehner

text: In September 2016, Squire Patton Boggs, the third-largest lobbying firm in the U.S., announced that Boehner would join their firm. It was also announced that he would become a board member of Reynolds American.


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner was born in Reading, Ohio, the son of Mary Anne ("née" Hall; 1926–1998) and Earl Henry Boehner (1925–1990), the second of twelve children. His father was of German descent and his mother had German and Irish ancestry. He grew up in modest circumstances, sharing one bathroom with his eleven siblings in a two-bedroom house in Cincinnati. He started working at his family's bar at age 8, a business founded by their grandfather Andy Boehner in 1938. He has lived in Southwest Ohio his entire life.


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner attended Cincinnati's Moeller High School and was a linebacker on the school's football team, where he was coached by future Notre Dame coach Gerry Faust. Graduating from Moeller in 1968, when United States involvement in the Vietnam War was at its peak, Boehner enlisted in the United States Navy but was honorably discharged after eight weeks because of a bad back. He earned his B.A. in business administration from Xavier University in 1977, becoming the first person in his family to attend college, taking seven years as he held several jobs to pay for his education.


title: John Boehner

text: Shortly after his graduation in 1977, Boehner accepted a position with Nucite Sales, a small sales business in the plastics industry. He was steadily promoted and eventually became president of the firm, resigning in 1990 when he was elected to Congress.


title: John Boehner

text: From 1981 to 1984, Boehner served on the board of trustees of Union Township, Butler County, Ohio. He then served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1985 to 1990.


title: John Boehner

text: In 1990, Boehner ran against incumbent Congressman Buz Lukens, who was under fire for having a sexual relationship with a minor. He was all but unknown when he entered a Republican primary that included Lukens and former Congressman Tom Kindness. Despite being dramatically outspent, Boehner won with 49 percent of the vote. He then handily beat his Democratic opponent, Greg Jolivette, in the November election. He was subsequently re-elected to Congress 12 times, each by a substantial margin.


title: John Boehner

text: During his freshman year, Boehner was a member of the Gang of Seven which was involved in bringing media attention to the House banking scandal. The group also investigated the Congressional Post Office, leading to the indictment of Congressman Dan Rostenkowski. Later, he, along with Newt Gingrich and several other Republican lawmakers, was one of the engineers of the "Contract with America" in 1994 that politically helped Republicans during the 1994 elections during which they won the majority in Congress for the first time in four decades.


title: John Boehner

text: From 1995 to 1999, Boehner served as House Republican Conference Chairman, making him fourth-ranking House Republican behind Gingrich, Majority Leader Dick Armey and Majority Whip Tom DeLay. During his time as Conference Chairman, Boehner championed the Freedom to Farm Act that, among other provisions, revised and simplified direct payment programs for crops and eliminated milk price supports through direct government purchases.


title: John Boehner

text: In the summer of 1997 several House Republicans, who saw Speaker Newt Gingrich's public image as a liability, attempted to replace him as Speaker. The attempted "coup" began July 9 with a meeting between Republican conference chairman Boehner and Republican leadership chairman Bill Paxon of New York. According to their plan, House Majority Leader Dick Armey, House Majority Whip Tom DeLay, Boehner and Paxon were to present Gingrich with an ultimatum: resign, or be voted out. However, Armey balked at the proposal to make Paxon the new Speaker, and told his chief of staff to warn Gingrich about the coup.


title: John Boehner

text: On July 11, Gingrich met with senior Republican leadership to assess the situation. He explained that under no circumstance would he step down. If he was voted out, there would be a new election for Speaker, which would allow for the possibility that Democratsalong with dissenting Republicanswould vote in Dick Gephardt as Speaker. On July 16, Paxon offered to resign his post, feeling that he had not handled the situation correctly. Paxon was the only unelected member of the leadership group, having been appointed to his position by Gingrich.


title: John Boehner

text: After Republicans lost seats in the 1998 elections, the House Republican leadership underwent a reorganization. Armey and DeLay kept their positions, but Gingrich was replaced by Dennis Hastert, and Boehner lost his position as conference chairman to J.C. Watts.


title: John Boehner

text: Following the election of President George W. Bush, Boehner was elected as chairman of the House Education and the Workforce Committee, serving from 2001 until 2006. There he authored several reforms including the Pension Protection Act and a successful school choice voucher program for low-income children in Washington, D.C.


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner and Senator Ted Kennedy authored the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which was signed by President George W. Bush in 2002. Boehner said that it was his "proudest achievement" in two decades of public service. Boehner was friends with Kennedy, also a Catholic, and every year they chaired fundraisers for cash-strapped Catholic schools.


title: John Boehner

text: After DeLay resigned as majority leader in 2005, Boehner, House Majority Whip Roy Blunt of Missouri, and Representative John Shadegg of Arizona, all sought to become Majority Leader. Boehner campaigned as a reform candidate who wanted to reform the so-called "earmark" process and rein in government spending. In the second round of voting by the House Republican Conference, Boehner defeated Blunt with 122 to 109 votes. Blunt kept his previous position as majority whip, the no. 3 leadership position in the House. There was some confusion on the first ballot for majority leader when the first count showed one more vote cast than Republicans present, due to a misunderstanding as to whether the rules allowed Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico Luis Fortuño to vote.


title: John Boehner

text: After the Republicans lost control of the House in the 2006 elections, the House Republican Conference chose Boehner as minority leader. While as Majority Leader he was second-in-command behind Speaker Dennis Hastert, as minority leader he was the leader of the House Republicans. As such, he was the Republican nominee for Speaker in 2006 and 2008, losing both times to Nancy Pelosi.


title: John Boehner

text: According to the 2008 Congress.org Power Ranking, Boehner was the 6th most powerful congressman (preceded by Speaker Pelosi, Majority Leader Hoyer, Ways and Means Committee Chairman Sander M. Levin, Dean of the House John Dingell, and Appropriations Committee Chairman Dave Obey, all Democrats) and the most powerful Republican. As minority leader, Boehner served as an "ex officio" member of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.


title: John Boehner

text: The Republicans won a majority in the House of Representatives during the 2010 midterm elections, with a net gain of 63 seats. During his solemn victory speech, Boehner broke into tears when talking about "economic freedom, individual liberty and personal responsibility...I hold these values dear because I've lived them...I've spent my whole life chasing the American Dream". On November 17, 2010, Boehner was unanimously chosen by the House Republicans as their nominee for Speaker, all but assuring his formal election to the post when the new Congress convened with a Republican majority in January 2011. He received the gavel from outgoing Speaker Pelosi on Wednesday, January 5, 2011. He was the first Speaker from Ohio since fellow Republicans Nicholas Longworth (1925 to 1931) and J. Warren Keifer (1881 to 1883). He was also the first Speaker who has served both as majority and minority floor leader for his party since Texas Democrat Sam Rayburn.


title: John Boehner

text: As Speaker, he was still the leader of the House Republicans. However, by tradition, he normally did not take part in debate, although he had the right to do so, and almost never voted from the floor. He was not a member of any House committees during his Speakership.


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner was narrowly re-elected as Speaker of the House on January 3, 2013, at the beginning of the 113th United States Congress. He received 220 votes, needing 214 to win.


title: John Boehner

text: In July 2014, Boehner moved forward on a lawsuit to force the President to impose penalties on companies who failed to provide health care coverage for their employees. Boehner had pressed for legislation to delay this mandate the previous year. The third law firm selected finally filed the suit in November 2014, after Boehner criticized Obama's unilateral moves on immigration policy.


title: John Boehner

text: On September 25, 2015, Boehner announced that he would step down as Speaker and resign from Congress at the end of October 2015. Boehner's resignation took place after Pope Francis' address to Congress the day before, an event considered by Boehner personally as the highest point in his legislative career. Sources in his office indicated he was stepping aside in the face of increasing discord while trying to manage passage of a continuing resolution to fund the government. Conservative opposition to funding Planned Parenthood as part of the resolution, and stronger threats to Boehner's leadership on account of the controversy, prompted the resignation. Originally, House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy of California had intended to run for Speaker and was seen as the prohibitive favorite. On October 8, 2015, McCarthy abruptly rescinded his candidacy, citing that he felt he could not effectively lead a fractured Republican Caucus. After McCarthy's announcement, Boehner stayed on as Speaker until a successor was chosen. After initially turning down requests from Republican leaders, Paul Ryan of Wisconsin, House Ways and Means Committee Chairman and 2012 Republican Vice Presidential nominee ran for Speaker with Boehner's blessing. On October 29, 2015, in his final act as Speaker, Boehner presided over Ryan's election. Boehner's resignation from Congress became official on October 31, 2015, at 11:59 p.m.


title: John Boehner

text: In June 1995, Boehner distributed campaign contributions from tobacco industry lobbyists on the House floor as House members were weighing how to vote on tobacco subsidies. In a 1996 documentary by PBS called "The People and the Power Game", Boehner said "They asked me to give out a half dozen checks quickly before we got to the end of the month and I complied. And I did it on the House floor, which I regret. I should not have done. It's not a violation of the House rules, but it's a practice that's gone on here for a long time that we're trying to stop and I know I'll never do it again." Boehner eventually led the effort to change House rules and prohibit campaign contributions from being distributed on the House floor.


title: John Boehner

text: A September 2010 story in "The New York Times" said Boehner was "Tightly Bound to Lobbyists" and that "He maintains especially tight ties with a circle of lobbyists and former aides representing some of the nation's biggest businesses, including Goldman Sachs, Google, Citigroup, R.J. Reynolds, MillerCoors and UPS.".


title: John Boehner

text: In November 2010, Boehner, along with Minority Whip Eric Cantor, called for the cancellation of an exhibit in the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery after he learned that it featured a video by David Wojnarowicz, "A Fire in My Belly", that contained an image of a crucifix with ants crawling on it. Boehner spokesman Kevin Smith said, "Smithsonian officials should either acknowledge the mistake and correct it, or be prepared to face tough scrutiny beginning in January when the new majority in the House moves [in]."


title: John Boehner

text: On January 1, 2013, after passing the fiscal cliff deal, Boehner adjourned the House without passing the $60 million Hurricane Sandy relief bill. Some Representatives, especially from the Northeast and including Republicans as well as Democrats, and New Jersey Governor Chris Christie harshly criticized Boehner. Boehner later promised to pass the bill.


title: John Boehner

text: Many Republicans were ready for a new House of Representatives Chairman following the 2014 mid-term elections. "EMC Research" reported 60% of participants in their telephone survey wanted a new chairman. In the end there were a total of 25 votes against Boehner, 29 were needed in order to choose a new speaker. Boehner responded by removing those who opposed him from influential committees.


title: John Boehner

text: A profile in the "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review" said, "On both sides of the aisle, Boehner earns praise for candor and an ability to listen." "The Plain Dealer" says Boehner "has perfected the art of disagreeing without being disagreeable."


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner has been classified as a "hard-core conservative" by OnTheIssues. Although Boehner has a conservative voting record, when he was running for House leadership, religious conservatives in the GOP expressed that they were not satisfied with his positions. According to "The Washington Post": "From illegal immigration to sanctions on China to an overhaul of the pension system, Boehner, as chairman of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, took ardently pro-business positions that were contrary to those of many in his party. Religious conservatives – examining his voting record – see him as a policymaker driven by small-government economic concerns, not theirs."


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner opposes same-sex marriage, as evidenced by his vote for the Federal Marriage Amendment in both 2004 and 2006. In a letter to the Human Rights Campaign, Boehner stated, "I oppose any legislation that would provide special rights for homosexuals... Please be assured that I will continue to work to protect the idea of the traditional family as one of the fundamental tenets of western civilization."


title: John Boehner

text: On May 25, 2006, Boehner issued a statement defending his agenda and attacking his "Democrat friends" such as Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi. Boehner said regarding national security that voters "have a choice between a Republican Party that understands the stakes and is dedicated to victory, and a Democrat Party with a non-existent national security policy that sheepishly dismisses the challenges of a post-9/11 world and is all too willing to concede defeat on the battlefield in Iraq."


title: John Boehner

text: In June 2013, Boehner labeled former NSA contractor Edward Snowden a traitor after his leaks went public.


title: John Boehner

text: "I'm not qualified to debate the science over climate change", Boehner said at a press conference on May 29, 2014, at which he criticized proposed federal regulations on coal-fired power plants.


title: John Boehner

text: In 2011, Boehner opposed the NATO-led military intervention in Libya. In 2015, Boehner supported the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, saying: "I applaud the Saudis for taking this action to protect their homeland and to protect their own neighborhood."


title: John Boehner

text: On September 18, 2008, Congressman Boehner attended a closed meeting with congressional leaders, then-Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, and was urged to craft legislation to help financially troubled banks. That same day (trade effective the next day), Congressman Boehner cashed out of an equity mutual fund.


title: John Boehner

text: On October 3, 2008, Boehner voted in favor of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), believing that the enumerated powers grant Congress the authority to "purchase assets and equity from financial institutions in order to strengthen its financial sector."


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner has been highly critical of several initiatives by the Democratic Congress and President Barack Obama, including the "cap and trade" plan that Boehner says would hurt job growth in his congressional district and elsewhere. He opposed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and said that, if Republicans took control of the House of Representatives in the 2010 elections, they would do whatever it takes to stop the act. One option would be to defund the administrative aspect of the Act, not paying "one dime" to pay the salaries of the workers who would administer the plan. He also led an opposition to the 2009 stimulus and to Obama's first budget proposal, promoting instead an alternative economic recovery plan and a Republican budget (authored by Ranking Rep. Paul Ryan, R-WI). He has advocated for an across-the-board spending freeze, including entitlement programs.


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner favors making changes in Social Security, such as by raising the retirement age to 70 for people who have at least 20 years until retirement, as well as tying cost-of-living increases to the consumer price index rather than wage inflation, and limiting payments to those who need them.


title: John Boehner

text: In 2011, Boehner called the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act "one of our highest legislative priorities."


title: John Boehner

text: In 2013, Boehner led his caucus in a strategy to hold Defense spending hostage in order to avoid reducing the deficit with revenue increases.


title: John Boehner

text: As Republican House Leader, Boehner was a Democratic target for criticism of Republican views and political positions. In July 2010, President Barack Obama began singling out Boehner for criticism during his speeches. In one speech, Obama mentioned Boehner's name nine times, and accused him of believing that police, firefighters, and teachers were jobs "not worth saving".


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner made headlines in April 2016 when he referred to Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz as "Lucifer in the flesh" in an interview at Stanford University. On May 12, after Donald Trump became the presumptive Republican nominee, Boehner's support for him (while distancing himself from Trump on several policies) became public; he also expressed satisfaction with Cruz not securing the nomination: "Thank God the guy from Texas didn't win." On February 23, 2017, Boehner predicted Republicans would "fix" the Affordable Care Act and give it a different name as opposed to their stated intent to repeal and replace.


title: John Boehner

text: On August 17, 2020, a spokesperson for Boehner stated that he would not endorse either President Trump or Joe Biden for the 2020 United States presidential election, saying: "The answer is no. I think he'd rather set himself on fire than get involved in the election. Nothing to see here."


title: John Boehner

text: After the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol by a mob of Trump supporters, Boehner called on Republicans to "awaken", saying: "The invasion of our Capitol by a mob, incited by lies from some entrusted with power, is a disgrace to all who sacrificed to build our Republic." Boehner later congratulated Biden on his victory after the vote was certified. He has frequently reiterated his feelings, on one account noting how Trump "Incited That Bloody Insurrection", and called Ted Cruz "a reckless asshole who thinks he is smarter than everyone else". Boehner said that Trump should "consider resigning" and that President Trump had "violated his oath of office to protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner's political memoir, entitled "On the House: A Washington Memoir", was published by St. Martin's Press on April 13, 2021. Excerpts began appearing early in April. In this memoir, he lambasts Cruz, Michele Bachmann, Sean Hannity, Rush Limbaugh, and Trump. It also covers how the Tea Party movement led to the far-right Freedom Caucus, which forced him to retire, and then morphed into Trumpism. In response to the criticism he received in the book, Cruz threatened to burn Boehner’s book if his supporters could fulfil his “72-hour drive to raise $250,000” in campaign funds.


title: John Boehner

text: In spite of his critiques, Boehner confirmed he voted for Trump in the 2020 presidential election. Explaining his vote, he said: "At the end of the day, who gets nominated to the federal courts is really the most important thing a President does."


title: John Boehner

text: In 2018 Boehner joined the board of Acreage Holdings, a cannabis corporation, to promote the medical use of cannabis and advocate for federal de-scheduling of the drug (a shift from his previous stance while in Congress). In 2019, Boehner was named chair of the National Cannabis Roundtable, a cannabis lobbying organization.


title: John Boehner

text: Paul Kane in "The Washington Post" emphasizes how none of the "big deals" he sought were ever reached:


title: John Boehner

text: Furthermore, Kane argues, Boehner's persona alienated conservative Republicans who demanded more vigorous attacks on Obama and instead perceived, "a country club Republican who loved to play 18 holes of golf and drink merlot afterward while cutting deals. In an era of shouting and confrontation, on talk radio or cable TV, Boehner's easygoing style did not fit."


title: John Boehner

text: Boehner and his wife Debbie were married in 1973, and lived in the Wetherington section of West Chester Township, Ohio. They have two daughters, Lindsay and Tricia.


title: John Boehner

text: On May 15, 2016, Boehner was awarded the Laetare Medal, considered the highest honor for American Catholics, by the University of Notre Dame. The medal was awarded to Joe Biden at the same time.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Nissan Sentra is a series of automobiles manufactured by the Japanese automaker Nissan since 1982. Since 1999, the Sentra has been categorized as a compact car, while previously it occupied the subcompact class. Until 2006, Sentra was a rebadged export version of the Japanese Nissan Sunny, but since the 2013 model year, Sentra is a rebadged export version of the Sylphy. The Sentra nameplate is not used in Japan. Many other countries in Latin America sell their versions of the Sunny as the Sentra. In Mexico, the first three generations of the Sentra were known as the Nissan Tsuru (Japanese for crane), and the B13 model was sold under that name until 2017, alongside the updated models badged as Sentra.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In North America, the Sentra currently serves as Nissan's compact car, despite being rated as a mid-size car by the EPA due to its interior volume since the 2007 model year. While previous Sentras were subcompacts, the Sentra has grown over the years, with the Nissan Versa having replaced the Sentra in the entry-level area.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Sentra name was created for Nissan by Ira Bachrach of NameLab, and Bachrach describes the origin as "Nissan wanted consumers to understand that it was quite safe even though it was small. The word Sentra sounds like central as well as sentry, which evokes images of safety."


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The first generation of the Nissan Sentra was introduced in the United States in May 1982 as a direct replacement for the Datsun 210. The model was initially imported from Japan, where it was produced at Zama plant. Available in four body styles (two-door sedan, four-door sedan, five-door wagon and three-door hatchback coupe), it was the second car to be marketed in the United States under the nameplate of Nissan and using a model name instead of a number. The first one was the Nissan Stanza, introduced at the 1981 New York International Auto Show as a 1982 model. While previous Sunny models had used a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, the B11 Sentra was the first to use a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout. Engine choice was the (E15) 1.5 L four-cylinder SOHC, replacing the old A-Series OHV. This featured semi-hemispherical combustion chambers, high-swirl intake ports and a semi-dual exhaust manifold to provide strong torque at low and medium rpm ranges. Torque peak was at 3200 rpm. Transmission options were a four-speed manual, 5-speed manual or a three-speed automatic with lock-up torque converter. Drag coefficient was 0.39 for the coupe and 0.40 for 2- and 4-door sedans.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: At the time of its release, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) gave the Sentra MPG the highest gasoline mileage for gasoline powered cars marketed at that time, 43 miles per gallon in city and 58 miles per gallon in highway, a combined 48 miles per gallon. Curb weight of only 1875 pounds helped it to achieve that number. The Sentra MPG featured a three-way exhaust catalyst and an electronically controlled fuel metering unit to monitor the air-fuel mixture automatically and make adjustments to boost fuel mileage.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Trim levels were Standard, Deluxe and XE, while price range were between US$4,949 for the base two-door sedan up to US$6,899 for the two-door XE hatchback coupe. Standard equipment on all models were four-wheel independent suspension, front disc brakes and rear drums, rack and pinion steering, maintenance free battery, rear ashtray and bucket seats. Deluxe models added halogen headlamps, remote-locking gas filler door, carpeted trunk and rear wiper-washer on the wagon. Deluxe and XE offered tinted glass, trip odometer, vanity mirror, dual remote mirrors and door trim. XE offered cut pile carpeting, analogue quartz clock, remote rear window opener, low-fuel warning light, AM-FM Clarion stereo radio, power steering, tachometer and 155/13 whitewall radial tires. Sunroof was available as an option.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In its first year of sales, the Sentra became the best-selling import in the U.S. and the fourth best-selling passenger car overall (together with the earlier 210), with 191,312 units sold of both cars. The Sentra ended the 1983 year as the eighth-most sold passenger car, with 209,889 units.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The 1983 model-year introduced a 1.7 L CD17 diesel inline-four, mated with a four-speed manual transmission. Also, the 1.5 L was replaced by a 1.6 L E16 as the standard engine, available with a five-speed manual or three-speed automatic. Later that year the Sentra also received an electronically controlled carburetor.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In April 1985, Nissan started production of the Sentra in the Smyrna, Tennessee plant, after a US$85 million investment. The only body style manufactured in the US was the two-door sedan. The 1985 model-year received aerodynamically styled headlamps, a revised grille and blackwall tires. An SE option was introduced as two-door hatchback model, with alloy wheels, black lower body paint and black out grille. An automatic transmission was optional on all Sentras except the two-door base sedan, MPG Diesel and SE coupe. Prices were starting at US$5,499. The diesel engine was discontinued in the U.S. market soon thereafter. "Consumer Reports" magazine ranked the B11 reliability as "better than average" in 1985.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The B11 model was ranked the seventh safest car in a ranking made by the Center for Auto Safety in 1983, which examined the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) testing, consisting of frontal crashes at 35 miles per hour.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In 1984, the Sentra entered production in Nissan Mexicana's Cuernavaca plant as the Nissan Tsuru. It was built there until 1987 when it was replaced by the next generation; in total 210,565 of the first Tsuru were built in Mexico.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: This generation carried on the multitude of body styles that the B11 had, including a station wagon, two-door or four-door sedan, three-door hatchback and the hatchback-bodied Sport Coupé. While the B12 chassis was first produced and marketed in 1985 in most parts of the world, it was not offered to the United States until August 1986, for the 1987 model year. The two-door sedan model of the previous generation Sentra (a bodystyle no longer offered outside of North America) was the only bodystyle built in Nissan's Smyrna, Tennessee plant, representing about 22 percent of Sentra sales in North America in 1986. With the new generation, the plant underwent a five-month conversion and when production of the B12 Sentra began on August 12, 1986, it was also built as a four-door sedan. In December, the three-door Hatchback bodystyle was added to the US production, followed by the station wagon bodystyle in January 1987.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The B12 carried over a radically modified 4-wheel independent suspension from the B11, with all-wheel disc brakes an option in some parts of the world. This was the start of the model classes which were standard through the 2003 model year (not all classes were available every year) having the E as the base-level economy car, the XE as the next-up model, the GXE as the top level for the 4-door sedan (and wagon), and the sporty SE coupe. The GXE (available from 1987 to 2003) had a body colored bumper, aero side mirrors with manual remote control, tachometer as well as standard 13" 175/70R13 alloy wheels along with air-conditioning, variable intermittent wipers, but no standard cassette deck nor any power windows/locks/mirrors. The SE also had dual mirrors, air conditioning, tachometer, and power door locks and windows in some markets and possibly electronic fuel injection.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The B12 chassis would be the last chassis to offer a station wagon model. Even more rare are the four-wheel drive versions of the station wagon, offered as an option for the 1987 (late introduction), 1988, and 1989 model years. These models featured an electrically activated single-range transfer case to drive the independently suspended rear wheels, making the car a selectable four-wheel-drive (not all-wheel-drive) vehicle. Sales were mediocre, totalling 429 in calendar year 1986, 2,050 in 1987, 2,408 in 1988, and a final 892 deliveries in 1989.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: All 1987 Sentras came standard with the E16 engine with , excepting the Sport Coupé and the later four-wheel-drive wagon, which received the throttle-body-injected E16i engine with identical power output. A five-speed manual transmission was standard, with a three-speed automatic available as an option. In 1988, all Sentras had the E16i, which was offered for this year with throttle body injection (TBI). In many parts of the world the E-series soldiered on in the B12 chassis with some versions getting the multi-point fuel injection E16E engine. From 1989 to 1990, the only engine choice was the GA16i, a 12-valve SOHC predecessor of the GA16DE. Transaxles offered were the 4- and 5-speed manuals (RN4F31A and RS5F31A, respectively) and a 3-speed automatic with torque converter lockup (RL3F01A).


title: Nissan Sentra

text: 1989 saw a subtle change in the body style of the Sentra sedan, as new larger, more rounded front corner lights were introduced to the front fenders and redesigned taillights were added to the rear fascia (station wagon retained same rear lights). The Nissan logo on the front grille was relocated from the right hand side to the center. In 1990, electrically retracted front shoulder belts were added, as well as 3-point harnesses for the rear passengers, excluding the center rear passenger.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Sport Coupe was a sportier style of the Sentra. It shared none of the body components with the standard model and was always imported from Japan, rather than being built in Tennessee. It was only available with the E16i or GA16i. All Sport Coupes had dual sway bars, dual remote-adjust mirrors, and a tachometer instrument cluster. The SE model added features like air conditioning and rear speakers. All B12 Sentras used the same wiring harness, regardless of the options installed on any particular vehicle.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In Canada, the B12 four-door sedan remained available through the 1993 model year. Essentially a rebadged Nissan Tsuru II built in Mexico, it was called "Sentra Classic" to distinguish it from the B13 model released for 1991. It replaced the Nissan Micra 3/5-door hatchbacks which were discontinued that time as a price-leader model. All 1991–1993 "Classic" models came with the E16i and the choice of two transmissions, a 5-speed manual or 3-speed automatic.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In Mexico, it was named the Nissan Tsuru II, available in 2, 4-door sedans and wagon, while the Coupé was named the Nissan Hikari. They were produced and marketed locally between 1988 and 1991. For 1988 for the 4 door Tsuru II and the Hikari had available the Turbo EGI (fuel injected) 1.6 L engine in a very rare, sporty version. It was one of the most reliable cars in its time in Mexico, being a great sales success. 343,263 of the Tsuru II were built in Mexico between 1987 and 1991. This generation was also exported to some Central and South American markets such as Peru, Chile and Bolivia. In Chile the Mexican-made car received "Sentra" badging and was available from October 1987 until 1993. The Sentra was the most sold car in the country in 1991 and 1992.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In the Philippines, it was initially offered in three trims namely the 1.7 DX (diesel), 1.3 SLX and the 1.5 SGX, the wagon version was also available in the 1.5 SGX trim and was simply called the Nissan California. In mid 1989, the Sentra model line was freshened up and the engines were upgraded to 1.4- (LX) and 1.6-liter. The 1.6 SGX gained power steering, windows, door locks and side mirrors, a first in its class. The second-generation B12 also had a diesel variant which had the 1.7 CD17 engine. The second wagon version (known as Nissan California 1.6 SGX) also had all power features.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The sedan featured the fuel-injected 110- and 1.6-liter 16-valve 4-cylinder GA16DE engine. It came in the base model, E, XE, SE, and GXE. The GXE came with a power package such as power windows/locks/mirrors while the XE, SE, SE-R came with standard or optional sunroof and alloy wheels. Four-door models came with front motorized shoulder seat belts. The short-lived three-door hatchback of the B12 Sentra was not replaced in this generation, and the sporting coupé version was replaced by the ovoid Nissan NX.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: For the 1992 model year (August 1991 – July 1992 production), a passenger's side vanity mirror and black body-side moldings became standard on the Sentra 2-door. The Value Option Package (air conditioning, cruise control, and a stereo system) was extended to SE models. The optional three-speed automatic in the E coupe was dropped and gained an optional 4-speed automatic, shared with other models.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: From August 1992 production, the B13 received a facelift for the 1993 model year, with revised front and rear fascias. A driver's airbag was also made standard on the GXE and was available optionally on other models for 1993. An XE Limited model was added for both the coupe and sedan.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: For 1994 models (August 1993 production), a CFC-free refrigerant became standard on models equipped with air conditioning. XE models got more standard equipment that included air conditioning, cruise control and a stereo cassette player. The XE Limited was dropped for 1994. In May 1994, a 1994.5 "Limited" model was released as a placeholder for a delayed replacement, due in early 1995.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The B13 used Nissan's "SR20DE" engine in the sporty two-door SE-R model, offering at 6400 rpm and of torque at 4800 rpm — and accelerating from 0 to in 7.6 seconds with a quarter-mile time of 15.8 seconds. Features included 4-wheel disc brakes, MacPherson strut independent suspension, viscous limited-slip differential. The B13 SE-R returned city/ highway.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The B13 was released in JX, LEC, EX Saloon, Super Saloon and SE Saloon variants. The Super Saloon had all power features. The SE-Saloon came as a Limited edition equipped with four-wheel disc brakes and ABS. Both SE and Super Saloon come standard with the GA16DE.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The B13 SuperSaloon and SE Saloon came with the GA16DE fuel-injected engine (top-of-the-line engine for the Philippine market) which is comparable to the U.S Spec B13 SE Limited with loaded options. These models are not equipped with emissions equipment – catalytic converters and sensors as well as EGR. B13s were sold new from 1990 to 2000. The LEC version comes with the standard GA13 carburated engine as well as the LEC Ps (Power Steering model). The JX comes with the GA14 carburated engine.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Mexican-built Sentra B13 was sold in Mexico for 25 years as well as parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Central America and South America. It is known as the Nissan Tsuru in Mexico, Nissan V16 in Chile, Sentra B13 in Central and South American countries, and Sentra Clásico in Peru and the Dominican Republic. Tsuru vehicles destined for the Mexican market were modified by Nissan Mexicana specifically for the Mexican market and for the most part are identical to the 1991 model except for a new Renault-sourced clutch/transmission, updated Mexican-made electronic systems and minor cosmetic and ergonomic upgrades.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Tsuru was the most popular car in Mexico from 1997 until 2011 when it was surpassed by the Mexican-made Volkswagen Jetta. The Middle East/African export market version is the same basic car only with minor cosmetic changes and mechanical downgrades to make it cheaper, such as non-power steering, downgraded interior trim, a downgraded braking system, and a mechanical clutch instead of a hydraulic one.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Vehicles sold in the Middle East region are not equipped with catalytic converters to make the car cheaper to build. Because of the lack of the catalytic converter, the vehicles are illegal in Mexico and South America. More recent models have received a Renault-built hydraulic clutch and an optional catalytic converter. Its affordable price, relatively good fuel economy, easy servicing and ease of finding spare parts for it made it popular among local taxi drivers and low income families in Mexico, South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The Tsuru is commonly used in the taxicab livery in Mexico as a replacement for the VW Beetle. Due to stricter automobile safety regulations which came into effect in Mexico from 2019, production of the Tsuru was discontinued in May 2017 since the Tsuru lacked both anti-lock brakes and airbags. A special commemorative edition limited to 1000 cars went on sale in March 2017, by which time 1,849,289 third generation Tsurus had been built in Mexico.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Tsuru/Sentra in its most basic configuration with no airbags for Latin America received 0 stars for adult occupants and 0 stars for infants from Latin NCAP in 2013.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Introduced on January 5, 1995, the Sentra changed from an independent rear suspension to a torsion beam setup. Some variants were not equipped with a rear swaybar or rear disc brakes. Many of these vehicles equipped with the 1.6-liter DOHC engine that had Nissan's Variable Intake Valve Timing Control System (NVTCS) and standard 5-speed manual transmission can achieve upwards of 30–40 MPG depending on conditions. This generation is also the first generation in Mexico wearing the Sentra name. It is also the first Sentra generation exclusively sold in sedan form, as the coupe was dropped in favour of the Nissan 200SX reintroduction. The revived 200SX also replaced the related Nissan NX.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The B14 sentra platform was offered several trims, Base, XE, GXE, GLE, SE and SE Limited. Base and XE come with 13-inch steel wheels with hubcaps, GXE prior to 1998 also included 13-inch wheels. The only difference between trims is the GXE and up come with rear seat trunk access, rear headrests, a grip-assist handle on the passenger side, additional fabric on doors and seats as opposed to vinyl, power windows, locks, mirrors, etc. The GLE, SE, and Special Edition include in some instances leather, rear spoiler and moonroof, and keyless entry packages. All trims except the SE and SE-R have the GA16DE 1.6 L engine producing and . The SE and SE-R received the SR20DE 2.0L engine with . The 200SX SE-R came with leather-wrapped steering wheel and shift knob and even Limited-Slip-Differential until 1997.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The sedan got all the performance parts (minus the limited-slip differential) in 1998 with the Sentra SE. The SE sedan came with the same 2.0-liter SR20DE engine as the SE-R. This generation saw the end of assembly in Smyrna, Tennessee.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Due to the success of the Super Saloon, Nissan Philippines introduced the Super Touring and GTS, to compete with the Toyota Corolla TRD (limited edition) and 160 hp Honda Civic SiR sedan.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Nissan Philippines then repackaged the Sentra to a more luxurious line up in order to compete with the Toyota Corolla Altis.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Sentra finally crossed over into the "compact" class when the redesigned model launched in February 2000 as a 2000 model. When new, this redesign was considered a substantial upgrade, compared to the "cheap" economy car it replaced. Previously, the compact class had been occupied by the Altima, which moved to the mid-size class in 2001, and its wheelbase remained unchanged from the previous generation. While earlier Sentras were very similar to their Japan-market B-series Nissan Sunny twins, the B15 Sentra diverged greatly from the B15 Sunny (Nissan Super Sunny). Production shifted from Smyrna, Tennessee to Aguascalientes, Mexico, and the Smyrna production line was retooled to build the Nissan Xterra. The 2000–2001 Sentra SE with the SR20DE roller rocker motor, which has and of torque, occupied the top-of-the-line Sentra until the SE-R returned for model year 2002. The 1.6-litre GA16DE engine was dropped in favor of the 1.8 L QG18DE (1769 cc), rated at and . In Brazil, this engine generated at 5,600 rpm and at 4,400 rpm. Numerous upgrades were made over the previous generation. The new model featured a new interior with higher quality plastics and more comfortable seats. The exterior was also substantially updated and now featured body-side moldings and clear headlights. The curb weight on the QG18DE-engined Sentra is . With the introduction of the B15 in year 2000, Nissan also introduced a CA 'Clean Air' trim only available in California. The CA trim boasts a double walled exhaust, three catalytic converters, quick catalyst warm up, and a radiator that has a special coating which actually changes ground level ozone (smog) into oxygen. The Sentra CA model is the only gasoline-fueled vehicle in the world to receive California Air Resources Board (CARB) super ultra low emission vehicle (SULEV) certification and obtain zero-emission credits.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In markets where the B15 Sentra or Sunny was not sold, Nissan usually sold a similar car called the Nissan Bluebird Sylphy (G10/N16) in Japan but under other names elsewhere. In Europe, the Bluebird Sylphy was known as the Nissan Almera (N16) and Australia and New Zealand as the Nissan Pulsar (N16). The G10/N16 is constructed on the same platform as the B15 and features the same interior and engines.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In late 2001 for the 2002-2003 model year, a new SE-R was introduced powered by the 2.5-liter "QR25DE" and 4-cylinder. The SE-R came with either a 5-speed RS5F51A manual transmission or an optional 4-speed automatic. The 5-speed manual was dropped in 2003+ models, which consequently made the only available transmission such as a 4-speed automatic.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: A more aggressive front fascia was added thanks to a Nissan Skyline inspired front bumper for 2002 models. Black housing headlights, fog-lights, side skirts, a rear spoiler, a dual-tip muffler, and 16" aluminum-alloy wheels were also standard. This trim also featured a sport-tuned suspension, leather-wrapped steering wheel, and beige sport seat cloth.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Nissan Sentra SE-R Spec V was the more performance oriented sport compact version of the Nissan Sentra. Its engine (also shared with the SE-R) was the same 2.5-liter QR25DE unit originally created for the Nissan Altima and Frontier pickups. Power output from the Spec V's QR25 is rated at at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 4,500 rpm. It is mated to a six-speed RS6F51H manual transmission and a helical limited slip differential; which served as the only transmission of choice for the Spec V.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The car's handling was aided with more aggressive tuning of the car's suspension (in comparison to lower trim models) and the addition of low-profile 215/45-17-inch tires and 17x7inch wheels. A front strut tower brace, firmer springs, revised shock damping, firmer front polyurethane bushings, dual-tip muffler, and front stabilizer bars were all standard. A four-wheel anti-lock braking system (which was packaged with front-seat side-impact air bags) was also optional equipment on all 2002-2006 models. Specific to the 2004-2006 model years; potential buyers could also purchase a 4 piston Brembo brake caliper upgrade.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: This model also came with a standard race-inspired sporty interior, such as Nissan Skyline inspired seats and a thick leather-wrapped steering wheel. Other optional features at the time included a Rockford Fosgate 300-watt nine-speaker audio system (with an sub woofer in the trunk), six-disc auto-changer, and a power sunroof. Other equipment include sportier-looking headlights with black surrounding the silver reflectors, standard fog-lights, lower-body sill extensions and a rear spoiler.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Initially, for 2002 and 2003, the SE-R & Spec V was given an aggressive front fascia (styled after the Skyline GT-R) with side still extensions and rear trunk-mounted spoiler. Originally, speculation arose surrounding the Spec V designation being a play on the GT-R V-Spec Skyline name. This speculation has been proven to be true with the introduction of the R35 GT-R Spec V in North America. It is speculated that use of the Spec V designation is due to the fact that Nissan cannot use the V-Spec title in the US market.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The QR25DE was not exclusive to the SE-R versions of the B15 Sentra, this engine was also equipped in the 2003 Sentra 2.5 LE and 2004 Sentra 2.5 S. These versions did not sport any exterior resemblance to the SE-R/Spec V trims; they clone the exterior and interior of the lower trims (GXE, 1.8 S) to include clear headlamps, beige-colored interior cloth, and softer suspension than the SE-R's. The only available transmission was a 4-speed automatic. These models offered the appearance of a standard Sentra coupled with the power of an SE-R.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In the third quarter of 2003 Nissan launched the 2004 model year which saw a minor facelift for all Sentras. Transmission gearing and build quality was improved for the 2004–2006 SE-R Spec V which resulted in a quicker quarter-mile time of 15.2 seconds. The now automatic only SE-R (starting in MY2003) was capable of a quarter-mile time of 16.0 seconds. The SE-R & Spec-V retained the dark housing headlights and gained "smoked-out" or darkened tail lights in the rear.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Special Edition was produced for model years 2005 and 2006. Exterior features included a rear spoiler, fog lights, SE-R-style front grille, and 16-inch alloy wheels borrowed from the SE-R. Interior features included 320-watt six-disc Rockford Fosgate nine-speaker sound system, and a charcoal cloth interior and leather-wrapped wheel borrowed from the SE-R model. The only available engine was the QG18DE paired with either a four-speed automatic or a very limited quantity five-speed manual.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: For the 2004–2006 model years, no significant cosmetic changes were added to differentiate the SE-R model from the Spec V, although it still retained its side-skirt extensions, rear spoiler, black housing headlights and newly designed wheels. The 2004 model year also featured a new style of tail-light which is reminiscent of the Skyline GT-R's quadruple taillights. Volcanic Orange, an exclusive color for the SE-R and Spec V trim was available for 2004–2006 models.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The interior was also redesigned. Starting in 2005, the SE-R embossed "goose-neck" shifter handle from the previous models was replaced by an all black, leather stitched ball-top shifter. The original two-tone interior cloth found in previous Spec V models was changed to all-black mesh for the 2005 & 2006 model years.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: A big brake option featuring Brembo four-piston calipers up front, 12" vented front discs and upgraded 10.9" rear discs were available for 2004–2006 Spec V models. ABS was unavailable with this option from the factory.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: NISMO began offering S-Tune and R-Tune parts upgrades starting for the 2004 model year via the NISMO parts catalog, These parts could be either dealer installed or installed by the owner. S-Tune parts included a NISMO stainless cat-back exhaust, NISMO springs and shocks, NISMO brake pads, NISMO 23mm front anti-roll bar, and lighter NISMO 17" wheels (which were Rays Gram Lights with NISMO branding). R-Tune parts were a combination of more aggressive engine and suspension modifications such as: the NISMO 4 to 1 header, NISMO cold-air intake, rear NISMO 25mm anti-roll bar, NISMO camshafts, NISMO lower tie bar, and a NISMO suspension hard bushing kit. NISMO cosmetic upgrades were also available, which included a NISMO rear spoiler, a front and rear NISMO under spoiler/lip.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Nissan introduced the sixth generation Sentra at the 2006 North American International Auto Show in January. Classified as a mid-size sedan by the EPA thanks to its interior passenger and cargo volume of 110 cubic feet (as the EPA considers "mid" or "intermediate" size a car with interior passenger and cargo volume between 110 and 119 cubic feet), the Sentra is bigger in every dimension than the B15 model, being 65 mm (2.3 in.) longer, 91 mm (3.2 in.) wider, and 113 mm (4.0 in.) taller. The wheelbase is also 167 mm (5.9 in.) longer than the previous model. The sixth generation also marked a change in Nissan's North American lineup, with the Nissan Versa becoming brand's entry-level model. This generation is based on the C platform architecture that also underpins the first-generation Nissan Rogue, Nissan Qashqai and also the T31 Nissan X-Trail, as well as other Renault models. The Sentra's standard engine is a 2.0-liter 16-valve inline-four rated at and of torque. Fuel economy for with the 2.0L mated to the CVT is rated at 26 city/34 hwy, and the 6-speed manual at 24 city/31 hwy. SE-R is rated at 24 city/30 hwy with the CVT being the only transmission available. SE-R Spec-V is rated at 21 city/28 hwy mated with the 6-speed manual.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In 2007 and 2008, Nissan considered marketing a hybrid version of the Sentra, particularly when the price of oil rose to over $100 per barrel. However the price soon retreated below $40, and Nissan decided instead to focus on future hydrogen fuel cell and electric vehicles. Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn has indicated that he will not attempt to match Toyota and Honda in terms of hybrid models offered for retail sale. This decision has left Nissan without a compact hybrid product to compete with Toyota Prius, the Honda Civic Hybrid, and relaunched Honda Insight. Nissan's only hybrid product on the American market is the Altima Hybrid, which competes with the Toyota Camry Hybrid and the Ford Fusion Hybrid.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: For 2010, the Sentra received a mid-cycle refresh. It revisions included a new, Altima-inspired grille, a revised lower fascia and slightly different headlights. In back, new taillights (though almost identical to previous years) and additional chrome trim pieces on the trunk and side moldings highlight the major changes. New trim lines are offered to balance out the prices. Inside is a new red back-lighting color for the speedometer and knobs, and a new CD player with an optional navigation system. The new audio system includes iPod and USB integration on certain models, as well as a backup camera. Fog lamps are no longer standard on the 2.0S and SL model and leather seats are now only available as an option rather than standard on the SL model for 2010, which is reflected in the new, lower MSRP. The Brazilian export variant features a flexible fuel engine and retractable side mirrors were adopted from the Nissan Versa.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The B16 Sentra was also introduced in the Philippines as the Sentra 200, with the "200" denoting the "MR20DE" engine. The name is also applied to differentiate itself to the Nissan Sylphy-based Sentra which was locally assembled in the country. All Sentra 200s were imported from Mexico.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Nissan introduced a new version of the SE-R to the North American market for the 2007 model year. The SE-R is available in two versions: SE-R base and SE-R Spec V. Both get four-wheel disc brakes in place of the standard Sentra's disc/drum setup, unique interior and exterior trim and 17-inch alloy wheels. Both are powered by a redesigned 2.5-liter QR25DE engine. Each model also comes standard with a sport grille, lower body side sill extensions, rear spoiler, fog lights, chrome exhaust-tip finisher, smoked headlight surround and smoked taillights. Unique interior features include black sport seat cloth with red stitching and SE-R embroidered logos, sport metallic-tone accents, aluminium pedal pads, and twin pod meters with oil pressure and G-sensor displays. Also, the 2007-2012 Sentra SER was the only Sentra in the lineup to not change its front bumper design in 2010.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: A sunroof package was optional, featuring power sliding glass sunroof with tilt feature, and dual illuminated visor vanity mirrors. An Audio package, featuring a 340-watt Rockford Fosgate 6-CD audio system, with eight speakers (two subwoofers, four mid-range woofers, and two tweeters) was also available.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The SE-R base model is rated at at 6000 rpm and at 2800 rpm and comes exclusively with Nissan's Sport-tuned Xtronic CVT continuously variable transmission and steering wheel-mounted paddle shifters. Suspension upgrades included a front-stabilizer bar (23.0mm) and sport-tuned springs. It featured 11.7" vented front discs and 11.5" rear discs brakes. The SE-R base model started at $19,400 (MSRP).


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The SE-R Spec V is rated at at 6600 rpm and at 5200 rpm and comes with a 6-speed manual and optional limited-slip differential. It is capable of 0–60 mph times of 6.7 seconds and a 1/4 mile time of 15.1 seconds at 92.6 mph. On the track, slalom figures resulted in 64.7 mph and .86g at the skidpad. Compression is bumped up to 10.5:1, compared to 9.6:1 in the SE-R base. Front disc brakes are also increased to 12.6". Exclusive suspension upgrades include a sport-tuned suspension with lowered height, sport-tuned shocks and struts, reinforced upper cowl, trunk-mounted V-brace, and a larger front stabilizer bar (25mm). Unique interior features included red front seat belts, leather-wrapped steering wheel with red stitching, and a leather wrapped shift knob. The SE-R Spec V model started at $19,900 (MSRP). 2012 was the final model of the SE-R and Spec V performance variant.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The sixth generation Sentra also has a better equipped variant known as the SL. These models are generally equipped with an automatic transmission, leather interior, and navigation system.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: It is a Sentra 2.0 S with sport-inspired exterior enhancements, including SE-R-style front and rear fascias, side sills and rear spoiler, sport grille, dark chrome bezel headlights and dark smoked bezel taillights, 16-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, exhaust tip, and "SR" trunk lid badge. It was available in 6 exterior colors, including the limited Sentra SE-R/SE-R Spec V colors, and was offered exclusively with a Charcoal cloth interior.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Nissan launched in August 2009 in Brazil a FFV variant of the B16 Sentra. It features the same MR20DE engine, but capable of running on hydrated ethanol (E100) or a blend of gasoline with 20 to 25 percent of anhydrous ethanol (mandatory blend since 1993) or a mix of both in any proportion.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The engine received a new electronic control unit (ECU) supplied by Bosch and ethanol corrosive-action-resistant internal components. Among these new parts are the intake and exhaust valves and seals made with new materials, the first piston ring made with anodized steel, more resistant connecting rods, fuel injectors suitable for use in ethanol and double-layer exhaust gas oxygen to increase the moisture resistance of the fuel. The power rose to 141 hp (143 cv) both in gasoline and ethanol. Compression ratio of 9.7:1 was kept unchanged.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: At the time it was launched, there was some controversy regarding the possibility of vehicles equipped with CVT transmission be converted to flex fuel, since this was the statement that was made by Honda Motor of Brazil in the launch of the second generation Honda Fit in Brazil. During the 2008 upgrade of the Honda Fit, the CVT system was replaced by a conventional automatic transmission and according to the manufacturer it was not possible to attach the CVT transmission infinite relations to a flex fuel engine. Honda's decision to change the type of transmission reduced manufacturing costs and Brazilian auto press inquired the truth of that statement following the release of the CVT-equipped Sentra FFV.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The 2013 Nissan Sentra was revealed at the 2012 Beijing Auto Show as the Nissan Sylphy, as both the Sylphy and Sentra model development were merged into a single global model for efficiency. The design of the car is based on aerodynamic and premium design with LED-bordered headlamps, LED tail lamps, sharp angled trunk lid and chrome trim and featuring large interior space and class leading trunk. It also features an intelligent key with push start button and a dual-zone climate control in certain markets. This model was envisioned to debut in over 120 countries around the world by 2014.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Nissan unveiled the seventh generation Sentra in North America in August 2012 for the 2013 model year. It is the third region to get the B17 Sylphy model after China and Thailand. The new Sentra is completely redesigned inside and out, with styling upscaled to look more similar to Nissan's other sedans, the Altima and Maxima including LED taillights, LED accents in the headlights, and a new navigation and electronics system.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: It is longer than the previous generation Sentra by 2.3in, with a 0.6in longer wheelbase, but 150 lb lighter than its predecessor. The new "MRA8DE" 1.8-liter 16-valve DOHC inline-four is offered for better fuel economy than the previous model, ratings are 30 city/39 highway. The engine output returns and of torque. It provides less power than the outgoing Sentra, but due to a new platform, it is 150 lbs lighter in weight. It is also offered with a 1.6-liter turbo engine borrowed from the Juke making and mated with 6-speed manual or CVT transmission, and return combined 34mpg EPA fuel economy (30 city/39 highway). The FE+ version available in S and SL models can returns 40mpg highway.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Similar to the outgoing model, the new Sentra is offered in S, FE S, SV, FE+ SV, SR, and SL trim levels. All trims will be equipped with a reworked CVT except the base S model, which has an optional six-speed manual transmission. There is no SE-R or SE-R Spec V version of this model. The SR is the sporting model, come with rear spoiler, 17" alloy wheels and silver trim. Satellite navigation, intelligent key with start button, and dual-zone climate control are available in high spec models.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In Canada, the only trim levels are S and SV; SL and SR models are options for SV models. Air conditioning is an option in both S and SV models.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Sentra is built at Nissan's Canton, Mississippi plant since December 2012. However, early units were built in Mexico.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: For the 2016 model year, the Sentra received a facelift including new front and rear bumpers, lights, hood, trunk and wheels to closer resemble the Maxima and Altima. The 2016 Nissan Sentra is offered in five models: S, FE S, SV, SR and SL, with only the S available with manual transmission (with optional CVT). Key features of the 2016 Sentra exterior include a new front fascia, grille, fenders, hood and signature boomerang-shaped headlights. On the Sentra SR and SL, new LED low-beam headlights with LED DRLs are offered. There are also two new 17-inch wheel designs for SR and SL grades, as well as a new SV 16-inch aluminum-alloy wheel design. New for 2016 is one exterior color, Blue Pearl.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: There is a new steering wheel, available six-way power driver's seat with power lumbar (standard on Sentra SL and optional on Sentra SR), a new center cluster design, a new console and shifter knob, and improved seat fabrics. It also has NissanConnect which is standard on SV and SR grades.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: For the 2017 model year, the Sentra received two new trim levels called SR Turbo and NISMO. They feature the "MR16DDT". They were the first turbocharged Sentras ever offered by Nissan in the North American market. Both trims were offered with a 6-speed manual transmission or with a CVT, however only the NISMO continued to offer the manual transmission after 2017. The NISMO model gets a lowered performance-tuned suspension, racing seats, LED tail lights, red interior trim as well as a NISMO specific body kit with bumper equipped LED DRLs and NISMO wheels.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In Japan, Nissan Sylphy debuted on 5 December 2012, and built at the Oppama plant in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture. The "Bluebird" nameplate was dropped from "Bluebird Sylphy".


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In South Africa, the B17 is called Nissan Sentra and comes in Acenta trim only, with 1.6-liter engine and five-speed manual or CVT automatic.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In China, the Sylphy is available with HR16DE 1.6-liter (93 kW/154Nm) or MRA8DE 1.8-liter engine (102 kW/174Nm) with a five-speed (six-speed in the 1.8) manual or CVT transmission. In 2018, an electric version called the Sylphy Z.E. was available for the Chinese market, featuring a slightly revised front and rear end design. It was renamed as Sylphy Classic (officially marketed as 轩逸•经典) in 2019 to avoid confusion with the eighth generation model. A rebadged electric version called the Dongfeng Ruiying Xuan EV (睿英·轩EV) was launched in 2021, featuring the exact same design as the Sylphy Z.E. sold in China while is capable of performing battery swaps. The Dongfeng Ruiying Xuan EV is powered by an electric motor developing 109hp (80kW) and 254 N·m torque.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In Thailand, the second country to get the Sylphy, the car uses same engines as Chinese market version but the power is reduced (1.6 down from 93 kW to 85 kW and 1.8 down from 102 kW to 96 kW; torque remains unchanged). The sales target was 20,000 units per year. Nissan also confirmed that they would be exporting Sylphys to the Australian and Middle Eastern markets in December 2012 or January 2013.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: On 15 October 2015, Nissan Thailand introduced the "MR16DDT" engine into the Sylphy lineup during a mid-model refresh. Producing 140 kW/240 N⋅m, the MR16DDT is a direct injection, turbo petrol engine able to run on 95 or 91 RON, E10. Cruise control and NissanConnect were added to the trim options.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In the Philippines, The Nissan Sylphy unveiled on 7 March 2014, shortly after the Nissan press event, alongside the Nissan Altima mid-size sedan. The Sylphy, replacing both B16 Sentra 200 and the N16 Sentra, comes in white, black, gray, silver, and bronze.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The B17 Nissan Sylphy was launched in Singapore in March 2013 where two variants were offered: 1.6 and 1.8; in base trim, Premium and Premium Signature Series. In late 2017, the Sylphy was updated with changes including a new grille and front bumper, gloss black plastic for interior trim and new rim spoke design. The facelifted Sylphy was launched on 10 January 2019 at the Singapore Motorshow with restyled headlamps similar to the Taiwanese Sentra.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: On 29 April 2014, the Sylphy has made its debut in Malaysia. Safety features such as 6 SRS airbags, VDC, TCS, ABS, EBD and BA were standard. The units were imported from Thailand. In August 2014, 'Impul' accessories became available and consisted of a bodykit, lowered suspension, wheels and tyres. The Sylphy has since been discontinued in Malaysia as evidence from the absence of the Sylphy from official price lists and absence from Nissan's Malaysia official site.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Nissan Pulsar nameplate returned to the Australian and New Zealand markets on 28 February 2013. Announced at the Australian International Motor Show in Sydney in October 2012 and available in three trim levels: ST, ST-L, and Ti. Manual and CVT automatic transmissions are available (manual available in ST and ST-L models only). All models feature six airbags, alloy wheels, Bluetooth and cruise control; the ST-L gets added leather gear shift and steering wheel, fog lamps, and a rear spoiler while the Ti adds Xenon headlamps, leather seats, dual-zone climate control, satellite navigation, and rear view camera. Sales started in February 2013.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In Brazil, the B17 is called the Nissan Sentra and comes with the 2.0-liter "MR20DE" flex-fuel engine, the same used in the previous Sentra model due to market demands (all direct competitors use a 2.0 engine). The model exported and sold in Brazil is built in Aguascalientes, Mexico.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Nissan Sentra debuted in Russian market in 2014. The car is powered with 1.6 engine (117 hp) fitted with 5-speed manual or CVT. Sentra for Russian market is locally built in Izhevsk.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In the Taiwanese market, the B17 Nissan Sentra has not been facelifted apart from receiving a sportier variant called the Sentra Aero in 2014. The B17 Sentra was finally updated with the V motion front fascia in November 2017 for the 2018 model year, but the facelift was a version exclusive to the Taiwanese market conducted by Yulon Motors, the manufacturer of Nissan products in Taiwan. The facelift preserves the pre-facelift front fenders and hood with only the headlights and front bumper redesigned to save cost. The rest of the vehicle is inline with the international 2016 facelift versions, including new alloys, new taillights and new rear bumpers.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The fourth generation Sylphy was unveiled on 16 April 2019 at the 18th Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition. The Sentra-badged version was unveiled at the 2019 Los Angeles Auto Show.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The 2.0 L "MR20DE" replaces the 1.8 L "MRA8DE" engine from the previous generation and will not offer a manual transmission option in the United States with a manual version sold in Canada. The 1.6 L HR16DE is still available in some Asian markets. For the Sentra marketed in the Americas, an independent rear suspension replaces the torsion beam rear suspension found in the past three generation Sentra's.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Nissan unveiled the eighth-generation Sentra for the North American market at the LA Auto Show in November 2019. It is powered by a naturally aspirated, 2.0-litre "MR20DE" inline four-cylinder gasoline engine, producing and of torque, along with a standard continuously variable transmission (Jatco CVT8) branded as Xtronic. No manual transmission option is offered in the United States, however it is offered in Canada.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The 2020 Sentra went on sale in the United States in late January 2020, with three trim levels offered: S, SV, and SR. All models are powered by a naturally-aspirated Nissan MR engine 2.0-liter 4-cylinder gasoline engine mated to the "Xtronic" CVT. All Sentra models adopts a black interior color scheme.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The model was introduced in Mexico in June 2020, being offered in four trim levels; Sense, Advance, SR, and Exclusive. The Mexican model offers the same trim lines as its North American model, albeit with different naming and an additional trim line known as Exclusive, which adds equipment to SR CVT.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Marketed as the Sylphy, the car was introduced in April 2019. Compared to the Sentra marketed in the Americas, the China and Taiwan market Sylphy adopts a simpler torsion beam suspension. The Sylphy is using the Jatco CVT7 WR gearbox while the Sentra is using the CVT8 gearbox.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Sylphy e-Power was released in China in September 2021, with a redesigned front grille mesh and dashboard design.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: On 16 August 2021, Profeco and Nissan Mexicana issued a recall on 18,857 Sentras of model years 2020 and 2021 in Mexico, due to a manufacturing defect of the steering rods (left or right) which could be bent, resulting in a misalignment in the direction of the car, vibrations while driving, and the breakage of the component that would lead to loss of the unit control.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In countries such as New Zealand, vehicles from both the Nissan Sunny and Nissan Pulsar ranges were marketed as a single model range (with the exception of the Pulsar, which included an EXA model identical to the North American Pulsar), the "Nissan Sentra", which differed (apart from the station wagon) from the models sold under the same name in the United States.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Sentra name was adopted in several other countries, such as New Zealand, where it was used for the Nissan Pulsar range from 1986 (although the station wagon version was actually a rebadged Nissan Sunny California). The Sentra name continued to be used in New Zealand for the Pulsar until 1998, just as Almera was used in Europe. After 2002, the Pulsar name was adopted.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: Unlike the North American version, a hatchback was offered; engines offered were 1.4 L, 1.6 L and 2.0 L petrol engines; a diesel was available in Europe. Some were sold in the Republic of Ireland.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In Southeast Asia, the Nissan Bluebird Sylphy N16 was marketed as the Nissan Sentra in Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. A facelifted version was introduced specifically for this region at the end of 2005, which was offered instead of the second generation Nissan Bluebird Sylphy, also launched at the end of 2005.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In Taiwan, Yulon has built its licensed version of the Sunny as the Sentra since 1990. The Taiwanese-market Sentra reflects the styling of the Japanese-market Bluebird Sylphy (also as the Almera/Pulsar sedan but with a luxury emphasis). This N16 model is called Sentra M1. The Nissan Sentra nameplate returned in October 2013 as B17, marketed as Nissan Super Sentra.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: In Indonesia, the first and second generations Sentra were the Sunny-based B12 and B13 models respectively. The 1988–1990 B12 was offered as SGX Sedan and SR Coupe. The B13 was nicknamed Sentra Genesis, only sold as sedan from 1991 to 1996. After skipping six years, Nissan re-introduced the Sentra in Indonesia in 2002. The Sentra was now based on the N16 Pulsar or Nissan Bluebird Sylphy. It is powered by a 1.8-liter QG18 engine matched to a 4-speed automatic transmission. The Sentra was only offered in luxury "Super Saloon" trim level, loaded with standard ABS and leather interior. However, it was sold only in small numbers until 2004.


title: Nissan Sentra

text: The Philippines also used the Sentra name for its version of the Pulsar. The N16 model was known as the Nissan Sentra Exalta (available from 2001 to 2003). The early model is similar to the JDM Bluebird Sylphy. Nissan Philippines introduced a model with new headlights and tail lights, that was later renamed back to Sentra. This model was known as the Sunny Neo in Thailand. These N16 Sentras is powered by QG series engines. In 2010, the Sentra B16 became available in the Philippines marketed as the new Nissan Sentra 200 with an MR20 engine.


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The 2023 Africa Cup of Nations (also referred to as AFCON 2023 or CAN 2023) is scheduled to be the 34th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the biennial international men's football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). The tournament is scheduled to be hosted by Ivory Coast, the second time the country would host the competition. The Confederation of African Football initially changed the dates of the tournament to June and July rather than the usual January, which first came into play in the 2019 tournament. It would have allowed the tournament to not conflict with other major tournaments, as well as allowing big name players to play for their nations in the tournament without missing games for their European club side.


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: On 3 July 2022, it was confirmed that the competition would be postponed from June–July 2023 to January 2024 due to weather concerns during summer in Ivory Coast.


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: After the final vote at the CAF Executive Committee meeting, on 20 September 2014, the CAF announced the hosts for the 2019, 2021 and 2023 AFCON tournaments: 2019 to Cameroon, 2021 to the Ivory Coast, and 2023 to Guinea.


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The announcement of the 2023 hosts was unscheduled. Guinea was one of the bidders for the 2019 and 2021 tournaments, whose host countries were scheduled to be announced on that day. A CAF spokesperson told the BBC that, on the basis of Guinea's presentation "and commitment", the committee "decided to exercise its power to make an immediate decision."


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: On 30 November 2018, CAF stripped Cameroon from hosting the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations. However, former CAF President Ahmad Ahmad told Cameroon accepted to host the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations. Consequently, Ivory Coast, original hosts of 2021, would host the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations, and Guinea, original hosts of 2023, would host the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations.


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: On 30 January 2019, CAF President confirmed the timetable shift, after a meeting with Ivorian President Alassane Ouattara in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: With the Africa Cup of Nations expanded to 24 teams, six venues are expected to be used. The CAF has established the following requirements for stadiums:


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: In September 2017, the Ivory Coast government launched a public tender for the venues of the competition. This includes public tender requested bids for renovating and expanding the existing Stade Félix-Houphouët Boigny and Stade de la Paix (Peace Stadium) of Bouaké, and building new stadiums in the cities of Korhogo, San Pedro and Yamoussoukro. The three new stadiums were to have a capacity of 20,000 each.


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: In addition to the renovation or construction of stadiums, the tender included the renovation or construction of training facilities in the host cities: 8 in Abidjan, and 4 in Bouaké, Korhogo, Yamoussoukro and San Pedro. It also included the construction of 96 villas (5 rooms per villa) in the cities of Bouaké, Korhogo, Yamoussoukro and San Pedro. In addition, bids were to be submitted to build a 3-star hotel of 50 rooms in the city of Korhogo.


title: 2023 Africa Cup of Nations

text: The four best third-placed teams from the six groups advance to the knockout stage along with the six group winners and six runners-up.