title: Jack Benny

text: In 1964, Walt Disney was a guest, primarily to promote his production of "Mary Poppins". Benny persuaded Disney to give him over 110 free admission tickets to Disneyland for his friends and one for his wife, but later in the show Disney apparently sent his pet tiger after Benny as revenge, at which point Benny opened his umbrella and soared above the stage like Mary Poppins.


title: Jack Benny

text: CBS dropped the show in 1964, citing Benny's lack of appeal to the younger demographic the network began courting, and he went to NBC, his original network, in the fall, only to be out-rated by CBS's "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C." The network dropped Benny at the end of the season. He continued to make occasional specials into the 1970s, the last one airing in January 1974. Benny also appeared on "The Lucy Show" twice: Once as a plumber who resembles Jack Benny and in 1967 "Lucy Gets Jack Benny's account" where Lucy takes Jack on a tour of his new money vault. In the late 1960s, Benny did a series of commercials for Texaco Sky Chief gasoline, using his "stingy" television persona, always telling the attendant, played by Dennis Day, after being implored, "Mr. Benny, won't you please fill up?", "I'll take a gallon."


title: Jack Benny

text: In his unpublished autobiography, "I Always Had Shoes" (portions of which were later incorporated by Jack's daughter, Joan Benny, into her memoir of her parents, "Sunday Nights at Seven"), Benny said that he, not NBC, made the decision to end his TV series in 1965. He said that while the ratings were still very good (he cited a figure of some 18 million viewers per week, although he qualified that figure by saying he never believed the ratings services were doing anything more than guessing, no matter what they promised), advertisers were complaining that commercial time on his show was costing nearly twice as much as what they paid for most other shows, and he had grown tired of what was called the "rate race." Thus, after some three decades on radio and television in a weekly program, Jack Benny went out on top. In fairness, Benny himself shared Fred Allen's ambivalence about television, though not quite to Allen's extent. "By my second year in television, I saw that the camera was a man-eating monster ... It gave a performer close-up exposure that, week after week, threatened his existence as an interesting entertainer."


title: Jack Benny

text: In a joint appearance with Phil Silvers on Dick Cavett's show, Benny recalled that he had advised Silvers not to appear on television. However, Silvers ignored Benny's advice and proceeded to win several Emmy awards as Sergeant Bilko on the popular series "The Phil Silvers Show".


title: Jack Benny

text: Benny also acted in films, including the Academy Award-winning "The Hollywood Revue of 1929", "Broadway Melody of 1936" (as a benign nemesis for Eleanor Powell and Robert Taylor), "George Washington Slept Here" (1942), and notably, "Charley's Aunt" (1941) and "To Be or Not to Be" (1942). He and Livingstone also appeared in Ed Sullivan's "Mr. Broadway" (1933) as themselves. Benny often parodied contemporary films and genres on the radio program, and the 1940 film "Buck Benny Rides Again" features all the main radio characters in a funny Western parody adapted from program skits. The failure of one cinematic Benny vehicle, "The Horn Blows at Midnight", became a running gag on his radio and television programs, although contemporary viewers may not find the film as disappointing as the jokes suggest.


title: Jack Benny

text: Benny may have had an uncredited cameo role in "Casablanca", claimed by a contemporary newspaper article and advertisement and reportedly in the "Casablanca" press book. When asked in his column "Movie Answer Man", film critic Roger Ebert first replied, "It looks something like him. That's all I can say." He wrote in a later column, "I think you're right."


title: Jack Benny

text: Benny also was caricatured in several Warner Brothers cartoons including "Daffy Duck and the Dinosaur" (1939, as Casper the Caveman), "I Love to Singa", "Slap Happy Pappy", and "Goofy Groceries" (1936, 1940, and 1941 respectively, as Jack Bunny), "Malibu Beach Party" (1940, as himself), and "The Mouse that Jack Built" (1959). The last of these is probably the most memorable: Robert McKimson engaged Benny and his actual cast (Mary Livingstone, Eddie “Rochester” Anderson, and Don Wilson) to do the voices for the mouse versions of their characters, with Mel Blancthe usual Warner Brothers cartoon voicemeisterreprising his old vocal turn as the always-aging Maxwell, always a "phat"-phat-"bang!" away from collapse. In the cartoon, Benny and Livingstone agree to spend their anniversary at the Kit-Kat Club, which they discover the hard way is inside the mouth of a live cat. Before the cat can devour the mice, Benny himself awakens from his dream, then shakes his head, smiles wryly, and mutters, "Imagine, me and Mary as little mice." Then, he glances toward the cat lying on a throw rug in a corner and sees his and Livingstone's cartoon alter egos scampering out of the cat's mouth. The cartoon ends with a classic Benny look of befuddlement. It was rumored that Benny requested that, in lieu of monetary compensation, he receive a copy of the finished film.


title: Jack Benny

text: In the 1960s Benny was the headlining act at Harrah's Lake Tahoe with performer Harry James, and Vocalist Ray Vasquez.


title: Jack Benny

text: Benny made one of his final television appearances on January 23, 1974, as a guest on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson", the day before his final television special aired. Benny was preparing to star in the film version of Neil Simon's "The Sunshine Boys" when his health failed later the same year. He prevailed upon his longtime best friend, George Burns, to take his place on a nightclub tour while preparing for the film. Burns ultimately had to replace Benny in the film as well, going on to win an Academy Award for his performance.


title: Jack Benny

text: Despite his failing health, Benny would go on to make one last appearance on The Tonight Show on August 21, 1974, with Rich Little as guest host. Benny also made several appearances on "The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast" in his final 18 months, roasting Ronald Reagan, Johnny Carson, Bob Hope and Lucille Ball, in addition to himself being roasted in February 1974. The Lucille Ball roast, his last public performance, aired on February 7, 1975, several weeks after his death.


title: Jack Benny

text: In October 1974, Benny cancelled a performance in Dallas after suffering a dizzy spell, coupled with numbness in his arms. Despite a battery of tests, Benny's ailment could not be determined. When he complained of stomach pains in early December, a first test showed nothing, but a subsequent examination showed that he had inoperable pancreatic cancer. Benny went into a coma at home on December 22, 1974. While in a coma, he was visited by close friends, including George Burns, Bob Hope, Frank Sinatra, Johnny Carson, John Rowles and then Governor Ronald Reagan. He died on December 26, 1974, at age 80. At the funeral, Burns, Benny's best friend for more than fifty years, attempted to deliver a eulogy but broke down shortly after he began and was unable to continue. Hope also delivered a eulogy in which he stated, "For a man who was the undisputed master of comedic timing, you would have to say this is the only time when Jack Benny's timing was all wrong. He left us much too soon." Benny was interred in a crypt at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. His will arranged for a single long-stemmed red rose to be delivered to his widow, Mary Livingstone, every day for the rest of her life. Livingstone died eight and a half years later on June 30, 1983, at the age of 78.


title: Jack Benny

text: In trying to explain his successful life, Benny summed it up by stating: "Everything good that happened to me happened by accident. I was not filled with ambition nor fired by a drive toward a clear-cut goal. I never knew exactly where I was going."


title: Jack Benny

text: Upon his death, Benny's family donated his personal, professional and business papers, as well as a collection of his television shows, to UCLA. The university established the Jack Benny Award for Comedy in his honor in 1977 to recognize outstanding people in the field of comedy. Johnny Carson was the first award recipient. Benny also donated a Stradivarius violin (purchased in 1957) to the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. Benny had quipped, "If it isn't a $30,000 Strad, I'm out $120."


title: Jack Benny

text: In 1960, Benny was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame with three stars. His stars for television and motion pictures are located at 6370 and 6650 Hollywood Boulevard, respectively, and at 1505 Vine Street for radio. He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1988 and the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1989. He was also inducted into the Broadcasting and Cable Hall of Fame.


title: Jack Benny

text: Benny was inducted as a laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the state's highest honor) by the governor of Illinois in 1972 in the area of the performing arts.


title: Jack Benny

text: When the price of a standard first-class U.S. postal stamp was increased to 39 cents in 2006, fans petitioned for a Jack Benny stamp to honor his stage persona's perpetual age. The U.S. Postal Service had issued a stamp depicting Benny in 1991 as part of a booklet of stamps honoring comedians; however, the stamp was issued at the then-current rate of 29 cents.


title: Jack Benny

text: Jack Benny Middle School in Waukegan is named after Benny. Its motto matches his famous statement as "Home of the '39ers." A statue of Benny with his violin stands in downtown Waukegan.


title: Jack Benny

text: The British comedian Benny Hill, whose original name was Alfred Hawthorne Hill, changed his name as a tribute to Jack Benny.


title: Jack Benny

text: He was mentioned by Doc Brown in "Back to the Future", in which Doc guesses who would be Secretary of the Treasury by 1985, not believing Ronald Reagan was President of the United States of America. In reality, Benny died before 1985.


title: Mid90s

text: Mid90s (stylized as mid90s) is a 2018 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Jonah Hill, in his feature directorial debut, inspired by Hill's own childhood in the mid-1990s. It stars Sunny Suljic, Lucas Hedges and Katherine Waterston, and follows a 13-year-old boy who begins spending time with a mostly older group of skateboarders while living in 1990s Los Angeles.


title: Mid90s

text: The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 19, 2018, by A24. It was well received by critics, who called it a "promising first outing for Hill", and praised the sense of nostalgia.


title: Mid90s

text: In 1996, 13-year-old Stevie lives in Palms, Los Angeles with his abusive and borderline psychopathic older brother Ian and single mother Dabney. One day Stevie bikes past Motor Avenue Skateshop, admires the boastful camaraderie of the skateboarders outside, and returns the following day. Back home, he trades with his brother for a skateboard, brings it to the shop and befriends young skater Ruben, who introduces him to the rest of the group: charismatic leader Ray, loudmouth "Fuckshit", and quiet "Fourth Grade". Although an inexperienced skater, Stevie is drawn to the group and aspires to imitate their daredevil behavior and anti-social attitudes. Stevie is nicknamed "Sunburn" by Ray during a conversation, and his acceptance into the group causes Ruben to resent him.


title: Mid90s

text: While attempting a skateboard trick across an open section between two rooftops, Stevie falls and suffers a head injury. Dabney becomes concerned about his turn towards recklessness and his new friends, but Stevie has already made up his mind that he is sticking with the group. Ian has a tense standoff with Fuckshit as Stevie watches, but Ian appears intimidated by the group and leaves before a fight can break out. Stevie begins smoking, drinking, and experimenting with marijuana. At a party, he has his first sexual experience with a girl named Estee.


title: Mid90s

text: After Stevie comes home intoxicated, he and Ian get into a violent fight. Ian has an emotional breakdown when Stevie says that he has no friends and, following the conflict, a distressed Stevie attempts to asphyxiate himself with a cord from a Super NES controller, one of several self-harm incidents. The next day, Dabney forbids Stevie from hanging out with the boys. Stevie lashes out and refuses to obey. Having alienated his mother and brother, Stevie sits alone behind the skate shop. Ray consoles Stevie, telling him that even though he thinks his life is bad, the other boys have it worse: Fourth Grade is poor to the point of not being able to afford socks, Ruben's mom is an abusive drug addict, Fuckshit's reckless partying is worsening, and Ray lost his younger brother, who was hit by a car a few years prior. Ray then takes Stevie out to skate at night and they fall asleep outside the Santa Monica Courthouse.


title: Mid90s

text: The shop hosts a party in back of the store. Ray hopes to make a career in skating, and chats up two professionals as potential sponsors. Fuckshit, who is drunk and high, tries to sabotage Ray's chances by embarrassing him in front of the pros. Stevie, who has been drinking heavily, is provoked into a brawl with Ruben. Discouraged by the undisciplined behavior of his friends, Ray tells everyone to go home. However, an intoxicated Fuckshit insists on driving the group to another party. After some convincing, Ray reluctantly agrees, and the group heads off. Talking animatedly and driving inattentively, Fuckshit crashes and flips the car on its side. Stevie is knocked unconscious and is rushed to the hospital.


title: Mid90s

text: Stevie later awakens in a hospital bed, and sees Ian in a chair alongside him. Ian gives Stevie a container of orange juice to comfort him. Dabney enters the hospital and sees Stevie's friends, asleep in the waiting room. Moved by the fact they are there for Stevie, Dabney encourages them to visit Stevie's room. They appear willing to reconcile with each other after the previous night's events. Fourth Grade, who has been filming their adventures throughout the film, says he has something to show them. He plugs his camera into a TV to play them a skate video of their daily activities. Fourth Grade has titled the film ""Mid90s"".


title: Mid90s

text: Additionally, Jerrod Carmichael cameos as a security guard whom Stevie and his friends taunt. Filmmaker Harmony Korine appears briefly as a sexual partner of Dabney. Korine wrote the screenplay for the 1995 film "Kids", which Hill cited as the reason for his cameo appearance. Hip-hop artist Del the Funky Homosapien and professional skateboarder Chad Muska appear as homeless man #1 and #2 respectively.


title: Mid90s

text: On March 30, 2016, it was announced that Jonah Hill would be making his directorial debut from his own spec script, "Mid90s", a film he would not appear in.


title: Mid90s

text: In March 2017, Lucas Hedges joined the cast. In July 2017, it was reported that Katherine Waterston had signed on and that Sunny Suljic was cast in the lead role. It was also revealed that principal production on the film had commenced. On August 1, 2017, Alexa Demie joined the cast.


title: Mid90s

text: "Mid90s" features an original score by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross, as well as recordings by Pixies, Morrissey, Herbie Hancock, ESG, the Mamas and the Papas, Souls of Mischief, Nirvana, The Pharcyde, and various 1990s hip hop music.


title: Mid90s

text: "Mid90s" had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2018, and was also screened at the New York Film Festival on October 7, 2018. It was theatrically released in the United States on October 19, 2018, in limited engagements, with a wide release the following weekend. The film was released in UK and Irish cinemas on April 12, 2019.


title: Mid90s

text: "Mid90s" grossed $249,500 from four theaters in its opening weekend for an average of $62,375 per venue, good for the third best of 2018. It expanded to 1,206 theaters the following week and made $3 million, finishing 10th at the box office. In its third weekend of release the film made $1.36 million.


title: Mid90s

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, ""Mid90s" tells a clear-eyed yet nostalgic coming-of-age tale that might mark the start of an auspicious new career for debuting writer-director Jonah Hill." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by PostTrak gave the film an 83% overall positive score and a 62% "definite recommend".


title: Mid90s

text: Owen Gleiberman of "Variety" called the film "a coming-of-age tale that's unvarnished enough to believe," specifying, "the fact that a star like Hill built this movie from the ground up, and did it with so much integrity and flair, lends it an undeniable hipster quotient." Writing for "The Hollywood Reporter", John DeFore said, "in emotional punch and shoulda-seen-this-coming skill, it is more like Hill's "Lady Bird", a gem that feels simultaneously informed by its author's adolescence and the product of a serious artist's observational distance."


title: Mid90s

text: Michael Phillips of the "Chicago Tribune" gave the film 2 out of 4 stars and said, "Vivid in bits and pieces, "Mid90s" feels like a research scrapbook for a movie, not a movie. The more Hill throws you around in the name of creating a harsh, immediate impression, the more the impressions blur. Hill will make far better pictures: As an actor, it took him a few films after "Superbad" to discover the payoff in doing less, and less obviously. The director in him may need another project to figure that out, whatever story he tells next."


title: Mid90s

text: More critical reviews called attention to the film's use of homophobic and racist slurs, as well as its treatment of toxic masculinity. Sam Adams of "Slate" wrote, "The skaters’ dialogue is liberally spiced with homophobic and occasional racist slurs, and while anyone old enough to remember the 1990s can attest to the accuracy of their omnipresence, the movie’s inclusion of them feels like another cheap shortcut to verisimilitude." Other criticisms cited a scene of juvenile sexuality between Stevie and Estee (the character portrayed by Alexa Demie) for its uncomfortable undertones given the ages of the characters and actors.


title: Mid90s

text: Hill commented, "The point of the movie is that nothing's black or white. I'm not a moralist; I'm not here to tell an audience how they should feel. I think the way [the characters] speak about women and gay people is really a messed-up way to go about that. And then at the end of the film, they still are there for one another. So I don't think anyone is purely good or purely bad. I hope to create complex characters that constantly are challenging what you think of them."


title: Nia Vardalos

text: Antonia Eugenia Vardalos (born September 24, 1962) is a Canadian actress, director, producer and screenwriter. She is best known for starring in and writing the romantic comedy film "My Big Fat Greek Wedding" (2002), which garnered her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: Vardalos was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on September 24, 1962. She is the daughter of Greek Canadian parents Doreen Christakos, a bookkeeper and homemaker, and Constantine "Gus" Vardalos, a land developer who was born in Kalavryta, Greece. She attended St. George School and Shaftesbury High School in Winnipeg and Ryerson University in Toronto.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: An alumna of the Chicago-based Second City comedy repertory company, Vardalos wrote and performed in over ten revues of sketch comedy and won Chicago's Joseph Jefferson award for Best Actress. Vardalos had many small roles in television shows such as "The Drew Carey Show" and "Two Guys and a Girl;" in addition, she provided voices for of "Star Wars: Return of the Jedi" which Brian Daley had written for National Public Radio.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: She gained fame with her movie about a woman's struggle to find love in "My Big Fat Greek Wedding." The film was a critical and commercial success. The film earned Vardalos an Academy Award Nomination for Best Writing, a Golden Globe Nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and a Screen Actors Guild Award Nomination.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: The sleeper hit quickly became one of the highest-grossing independent films of all time, and the number one romantic comedy of all time. Vardalos hosted "Saturday Night Live" in the fall of 2002.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: The next film she starred in, which she also wrote, and in which she also sang and danced, was "Connie and Carla," released in 2004; this became a cult-hit musical, and is about two women pretending to be drag queens. (The plot has been compared to that of "Some Like It Hot," the 1959 American romantic comedy film which Billy Wilder directed, produced, and co-wrote, which had starred Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Lemmon, in that as with the two male leads of "Some Like It Hot," the female leads of "Connie And Carla" did what they did to hide from criminals whose crimes they had witnessed and who could still kill both of them had they been found.)


title: Nia Vardalos

text: Vardalos made her directorial debut in 2009 with the independent feature "I Hate Valentine's Day." The film, about a florist finding romance, was made for less than $400,000 and on only a limited release grossed $1,985,260 at the international box-office. This was followed by "My Life in Ruins," about a misguided tour-guide traveling around Greece and featuring Academy Award winner Richard Dreyfuss. The film was the first American production given permission to film at the Acropolis; Vardalos personally sought the approval from the Greek government and credits her years of Greek School for helping her be fluent in the language.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: In 2011, Vardalos collaborated with Tom Hanks to write the romantic comedy film "Larry Crowne" for the screen. The film was a commercial success, grossing $59.8 million; Vardalos also voiced the character Map Genie in the film.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: In 2016, Vardalos adapted Cheryl Strayed's beloved book, "Tiny Beautiful Things," and starred in the sold out run of the play at The Public Theater in New York, directed by Thomas Kail. The play received outstanding reviews and is the New York Times Critic's Pick. Vardalos reprised her role in 2017 in another sold-out run at The Public, and again at the Pasadena Playhouse in California. Published by Samuel French, the play was quickly licensed by many theaters and is on the list of Top Ten Most Produced Plays.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: Vardalos joined many celebrities helping to produce The 1 Second Film art project; she herself was featured in "The Dialogue," an interview series. In this 90 minute interview with producer Mike DeLuca, Vardalos talked about how her experiences in The Second City comedy troupe helped her as an actress and a screenwriter, and how the unofficial "tell-the-Greek" word-of-mouth program had a hand in catapulting her movie to such great heights. She sang The Beatles song "Golden Slumbers" on the 2006 charity album "Unexpected Dreams – Songs from the Stars."


title: Nia Vardalos

text: Vardalos starred in and wrote "My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2," which was released in March 2016. It earned over $60 million domestically from an $18 million budget and much more internationally and in home box office sales.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: From 2015 to 2017, Vardalos and Gomez co-presented the first two seasons of "The Great American Baking Show," formerly known as "The Great Holiday Baking Show," for ABC-TV.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: In 2019, Vardalos played Faye Anderson in the ABC television holiday film "Same Time, Next Christmas." In 2020, in what was, for her, a rare turn to both serious, non-comedy acting and impostures of real people, she impersonated convicted poisoner Stacey Castor in the made-for-television movie "Poisoned Love: The Stacey Castor Story," which Lifetime Television transmitted.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: In September 2022, Vardalos, along with comedian Rob Riggle, created, wrote, and starred in the 10 episode comedy podcast "Motivated!" for Audible Original and Broadway Video.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: She is scheduled to reprise her role as Toula Portakalos in "My Big Fat Greek Wedding 3" in which she will serve as director and screenwriter.


title: Nia Vardalos

text: In September 1993, Vardalos married American actor Ian Gomez. After trying for nine years to conceive through IVF and surrogacy, Vardalos and Gomez adopted their daughter, Ilaria, in 2008. At the time Ilaria was three years old and part of the foster care system. In 2013, Vardalos wrote a book about the experience, a "New York Times" bestseller she titled "Instant Mom", and she donates all the proceeds from its royalties to adoption groups. Vardalos also posted an advice column about the adoption process in "The Huffington Post".


title: Nia Vardalos

text: On July 3, 2018, it was announced that Vardalos had filed for divorce from Gomez after 23 years of marriage, and that they had already been separated since June of 2017. The divorce was finalized two months later.


title: Sangria

text: Sangria (, , ) is an alcoholic beverage originating in Spain and Portugal. Under EU regulations only those two Iberian nations can label their product as Sangria; similar products from different regions are differentiated in name.


title: Sangria

text: A punch, sangria traditionally consists of red wine and chopped fruit, often with other ingredients or spirits.


title: Sangria

text: Sangria is very popular among foreign tourists in Spain even if locals do not consume the beverage that much. It is commonly served in bars, restaurants, and chiringuitos and at festivities throughout Portugal and Spain.


title: Sangria

text: "Sangria" means "bloodletting" in Spanish and in Portuguese. The term "sangria" used for the drink can be traced back to the 18th century. According to the "SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol", sangria's origins "cannot be pinpointed exactly, but early versions were popular in Spain, Greece, and England".


title: Sangria

text: "Sangaree", a predecessor drink to sangria that was served either hot or cold, probably originated in the Caribbean (West Indies), and from there was introduced to mainland America, where it was common beginning in the American colonial era but had "largely disappeared in the United States" by the early twentieth century. Hispanic Americans and Spanish restaurants had re-introduced sangria to the U.S. as an iced drink by the late 1940s, and it gained greater popularity through the 1964 World's Fair in New York.


title: Sangria

text: Sangria recipes vary wildly even within Spain, with many regional distinctions. The base ingredients are always red wine, and some means to add a fruity or sweeter flavour, and maybe boost the alcohol content.


title: Sangria

text: Traditionally sangria may be mixed with local fruits such as peaches, nectarines, berries, apples, pears, or global fruits such as pineapple or lime, and sweetened with sugar and orange juice. Spanish Rioja red wine is traditionally used. Some sangria recipes, in addition to wine and fruit, feature additional ingredients, such as brandy, sparkling water, or a flavored liqueur.


title: Sangria

text: "Sangria blanca" (sangria with white wine) is a more recent innovation. For "sangria blanca", American food writer Penelope Casas recommends dry white wines such as a Rueda, Jumilla, or Valdepeñas.


title: Sangria

text: "Ponche de Sangria" is a variation for children, often for birthday parties. Oranges, peaches, and other sugary fruits are combined with berries, grapes, or food coloring in order to create the coloration of sangria. A soft drink typically replaces the wine.


title: Sangria

text: Under European Union law, the use of sangria in commercial or trade labeling is now restricted under geographical labeling rules. The European Parliament approved new labeling laws by a wide margin in January 2014, protecting indications for aromatized drinks, including sangria, Vermouth and Glühwein. Only sangria made in Spain and Portugal is allowed to be sold as "sangria" in the EU; sangria made elsewhere must be labeled as such (e.g., as "German sangria" or "Swedish sangria").


title: Sangria

text: The 2014 regulation also recognises 'clarea' as an aromatised wine-based drink, which is obtained from white wine under the same conditions as for sangría. Clarea may be used as a sales denomination only when the product is produced in Spain. When the product is produced in other Member States, 'clarea' may only be used to supplement the sales denomination 'aromatised wine-based drink', provided that it is accompanied by the words: 'produced in', followed by the name of the Member State of production or of a more restricted region.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Thugs of Hindostan is a 2018 Indian Hindi-language period action-adventure film written and directed by Vijay Krishna Acharya, and produced by Aditya Chopra under his banner Yash Raj Films. The film stars Amitabh Bachchan, Aamir Khan, Fatima Sana Shaikh, Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub, Ronit Roy, Katrina Kaif and Lloyd Owen. Set during the period of Company rule in India, the film follows a small-time thug from Awadh, Firangi Mallah, who is sent by an East India Company official to infiltrate and counter a band of thugs.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Produced at an estimated budget of –, "Thugs of Hindostan" is one of the most expensive Bollywood films. Initially titled "Thug", the film marked the first time Khan and Bachchan featured together as leads, and was the second collaboration between Khan, Acharya and Kaif, after "Dhoom 3" (2013), and between Khan and Shaikh after the latter's debut in Khan-produced "Dangal". Principal photography commenced on 5 June 2017 in Malta; the film was also shot in Thailand and Mehrangarh. It was put on a short hiatus after Bachchan was injured on set. Filming concluded in March 2018, the final schedule being completed in Rajasthan. The soundtrack was composed by Ajay–Atul, with lyrics written by Amitabh Bhattacharya, while John Stewart Eduri composed the background score.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: "Thugs of Hindostan" was released during the week of the Diwali festival, on 8 November 2018. It received generally negative reviews from critics and audiences, with praise towards the performances of Bachchan and Khan but received criticism towards Acharya's direction, screenplay, script and performances of the supporting cast. The film recorded the highest first-day collection and highest two-day collection for any Hindi film in India, and the fourth biggest opening weekend in India, but immediately experienced a significant drop in the second day itself. The film released in China on 28 December 2018, where a special edition edited by Aamir Khan was released with a shorter run-time than the original version. "Thugs of Hindostan" has grossed () at the worldwide box office, becoming the 35th highest grossing Indian film of all time.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: In 1795, when the Indian subcontinent was known as Hindustan or Hindostan, King Mirza Sikander Baig is killed by John Clive. The residents of his kingdom are massacred, and the land is annexed by Lord Clive of the East India Company. The only survivors are his daughter, Zafira Baig, and general, Khudabaksh. Khudabaksh defeats the retreating enemy soldiers, and raises Zafira as his daughter, training her in the arts of warfare.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: The film then moves forward to various years. Firangi Mallah is a small-time thug who fools people for money. For instance, he once gives the location of a travelling landlord to some thugs and takes money for it. Then he gives the location of the same thugs to British soldiers for money. Firangi turns into a routine informer for the company. He finds solace with a dancer named Suraiyya. Firangi aims to be a European himself (hence the moniker "Firangi"), and hence dresses up as one in many circumstances.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Khudabaksh, now known as Azaad, leads a band of Indian bandits known as Thugs, who specialise in sea-based warfare and expose a serious challenge to Lord Clive and the expanding East India Company which had, by then, seized control of large parts of India. Lord Clive assigns his right-hand to counter the rising threat posed by the Thugs.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Firangi is tasked by the East India Company to meet this challenge. He, with the help of his friend, manages to track Azaad at one of Azaad's attack on a British ship. He mistakenly saves Zafira's life by taking a bullet for her and Azaad takes him to their secret location for treatment. He appears before Azaad and asks him for recruiting him. Azaad accepts and begins to show confidence in him.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: When Azaad and his men make a stop to pick up muskets from a local ruler who supports their cause, Firangi betrays them and lets the East India Company know about their location. When the forces of the East India Company surround the warehouse where they are meeting with the ruler, Azaad lets Firangi know that he knows Firangi has sold him out but he still believes that Firangi has some good in him. After a short duel, Azaad is about to fall to his death when Firangi saves him. Azaad sees that Firangi is conflicted with his feelings about working for the East India Company and asks him to help with his cause. Azaad then asks him to protect Zafira and then sacrifices himself by confronting the East India Company forces alone so that Zafira and Firangi can escape.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Firangi then goes to Clive for claiming reward and also trades the location of Azaad's remaining thugs. However, this is a trap as Zafira and Firangi attack the incoming ships. Clive, with the help of a prisoner, Bhure Lal attacks them. Thugs survive and then Zafira and Firangi goes to Suraiyya who is going to perform on the Dussehra function and asks for her help where Clive will also come so they can kill him there. There before the function, Clive reveals that Azaad is alive and has to be executed. Firangi betrays all the thugs to Clive. However, this is a plan to release all the prisoner thugs including Azaad who survived but was captured by East India Company soldiers.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: At the final encounter with the East India Company at an abandoned fort, Zafira fights the EIC soldiers while Firangi stops Clive from boarding his ship. Zafira kills Clive, and justice is served. Azaad looks to the sky and realizes the infertile land has now borne fruit, suggesting that Firangi has now become an empathetic human capable of greatness. The next day, Zafira is crowned the queen and declares her kingdom free of EIC rule. Meanwhile, Firangi along with Suraiyya and Shanichar are shown to have run away with a ship stolen from Zafira to England.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: In September 2016, Yash Raj Films' next project titled "Thugs of Hindostan" was announced, and would feature Aamir Khan and Amitabh Bachchan. The lead actress was not yet finalised at the time. The film was initially titled only "Thug"; it was set for a release on Diwali in 2018. Hrithik Roshan, who was initially approached with the film's leading role, suggested some changes to the script. The film producer Aditya Chopra agreed; meanwhile, Acharya approached Khan with the script, who agreed to do the film with no changes to the storyline. Later, in November 2016, Khan also requested that the script be reworked, particularly the character of the leading actress, and put the project on hold. Meanwhile, he grew his hair and beard for his look in the film.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: By February 2017, Khan had prepared his look for the film. In the same month, Shraddha Kapoor gave a costume look test and audition for the film. In March 2017, it was reported that Khan suggested Fatima Sana Shaikh's name for a role in the film; while denying rumours of casting, Sheikh expressed her eagerness to work in the project. In May 2017, Shaikh was confirmed to play a role in the film, with her audition look being revealed. She replaced Kapoor. Kaif was confirmed to star in the film on Yash Raj Films' official website. Khan, Bachchan and Acharya met during the month of May to discuss script changes. Contrary to initial reports, the film is not based on Philip Meadows Taylor's 1839 novel "Confessions of a Thug" (which was about Indian thugs); the film tells a fictional story based on historical events. Acharya links the misunderstanding to the word thug appearing in both works. Khan also denied rumours of "Thugs of Hindostan" being inspired by "Pirates of the Caribbean", stating in May 2017 that they are both simply action-adventure productions, among many others in the action-adventure film genre, such as the "Indiana Jones" series.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: "Thugs of Hindostan" is Khan's second time collaborating with Vijay Krishna Acharya and Katrina Kaif, after "Dhoom 3" (2013). It also marked the first collaboration between Khan and Bachchan. Bachchan and Khan were supposed to star together in the Indra Kumar-directorial "Rishta", planned during the late 1990s, but the project was shelved. Besides Roshan, Jackie Shroff, Alia Bhatt, and Deepika Padukone were to be a part of the film, but turned down the role. For his look, Khan also underwent permanent ear and nose piercing.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: In making "Thugs of Hindostan", Acharya wanted to give a twist to period drama films and thus made what he considered "an irreverent film which has a chapter that is not very noble". He made the film a visual "spectacle", considering the difficulty in bringing audiences to theatres. Khan said his character was someone "who cannot be trusted at all – [so it's the] very opposite of "Dangal" ... He's a very slippery character. He has no scruples at all – for money he can sell his mother out. He's like that." Kaif said that she does not have much action to do in the film, compared to her previous action roles, in particular "Tiger Zinda Hai" (2017). Bachchan wore iron armour for playing his character, the second time he did so after his 1988 film "Shahenshah". In addition, he also wore a pagri, grew long hair and learned sword-fighting. Most of Bachchan's action sequences were situated in rainy settings.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: "Thugs of Hindostan"s estimated production budget is , making it the most expensive Bollywood film. It was initially planned to be produced on a budget of , but the budget was overrun while filming. Filming commenced on 5 June 2017 in Malta. Two ships were constructed in Malta for the purpose of filming; shooting was heavily guarded to prevent leaks from sets. The ships were built by over 1000 people working together and weighed 200,000 kg each. By 28 June 2017, Bachchan finished filming his first schedule in Malta. In middle July, Khan took a break from filming and went on a vacation to Italy.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Chopra, who was not impressed with the film's action sequences filmed in Malta, had them filmed again in Yash Raj Films' studio. It was reported that busy with filming for "Thugs of Hindostan", Khan would be unable to promote his film "Secret Superstar" (2017) properly. However, in October 2017, Khan took a break from filming to promote his film. In August 2017, Bachchan fractured his rib cage while shooting, but had to continue filming since the schedule was tight. The film's dance sequence, which featured Bachchan, among others, and choreographed by Prabhu Deva was filmed in October 2017. When filming was not taking place, the cast, along with the crew, wore face masks to avoid contracting the common cold. In September 2017, photographers of the "Filmfare" magazine captured Khan while filming, and leaked his look. An upset Khan increased security surveillance on film sets. The same month, Bachchan's look was also leaked online. Khan stated that "this shouldn't have happened" and it foiled plans for later looking releases.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Filming also took place in Thailand, from 6 December 2017. The schedule was wrapped up on 26 December 2017. Some sequences were also shot in Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur. After Bachchan experienced discomfort on set, a team of doctors visited him in Jodhpur. His wife, Jaya Bachchan stated that his heavy costumes hurt his back and neck. The stunts aggravated his pre-existing neck and shoulder pain, which was a result of past injuries from stunts he did for filming in the 1970-80s. Bachchan stated that he was back to normal. The film's shooting was put on a short hiatus as a result of his injury. He resumed filming on 13 March 2018. The film's climax sequence was filmed in Jodhpur, Rajasthan in late March 2018.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: A special edition of the film released in China on 28 December 2018, edited by Aamir Khan. It had been heavily re-worked, with significant changes compared to the Indian version. The Chinese edition released with a 120-minute run time, which is 44 minutes shorter than the Indian version's 164-minute run time. Khan reportedly added, removed and re-ordered a number of scenes, made frame-by-frame edits to various scenes, and re-adjusted the narrative structure with a more compact, straightforward plot.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: In contrast to the Indian version giving balanced screen time to the three main characters (played by Khan, Bachchan and Sheikh), the China edition instead focuses mainly on Khan's character, with the roles of Bachchan and Sheikh being cut short while Khan's role is extended with deleted scenes that didn't make it into the Indian version. These changes are partly in response to Chinese audience expectations, to capitalise on Khan's popularity in China, and to reduce elements from the film that were not well received in India. The China edition cut a number of slow-motion scenes, but still kept most of the song-and-dance sequences to maintain a festive atmosphere for Christmas.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: The film score was composed by John Stewart Eduri, while the original songs featured in the film were composed by Ajay–Atul, with lyrics by Amitabh Bhattacharya. Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy were originally supposed to compose the soundtrack, but were unable to complete their work before the new deadline after the film was reshot, and new tracks were demanded.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Rachit Gupta of "The Times of India" called the music the most disappointing aspect of the film, stating, "The songs just don't have the spark you'd expect from a film featuring Aamir Khan, Katrina Kaif and Amitabh Bachchan."


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: "Thugs of Hindostan" was released in Hindi, Tamil and Telugu with 3D, 4DX and IMAX formats. According to trade analyst Taran Adarsh, the film was initially released in 7000 screens worldwide, including 5,000 in India and 2,000 overseas, the widest for any Hindi film.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: In Pakistan, the film was released without any cuts, on 120 screens, which is the biggest number of screens for any release in the country. The film was distributed by IMGC, while Geo Films served as a media partner.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: In November 2018, the official Hindi trailer crossed 100million views on YouTube. It became the first Indian trailer to cross 100million views on the site, and was the YouTube's most-watched Indian trailer of all time, up until it was surpassed by "Zero" trailer.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: In April 2018, the producers announced plans to release the film in China, where Khan's previous films were successful, including "3 Idiots" (2009), "PK" (2014), "Dangal" (2016) and "Secret Superstar" (2017). Chinese distributors decided not to release the film in China on the same day as India. The Chinese censorship process takes about two months, after which Khan plans to release the film there in January 2019. Chinese distribution company E Star Films initially agreed to acquire the theatrical rights, with a minimum guarantee of () from China. After the film's Indian release, however, it was later changed to a revenue-sharing deal between E Star Films and Yash Raj Films. The film is released in China on 28 December 2018, with a Chinese title that roughly translates as "Indian Thugs".


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: For the film's promotion, Aamir Khan toured China for ten days, starting from 16 December 2018. He toured eight major cities, including Sanya, Guangzhou, Xi'an, Nanjing, Chengdu, Wuhan, Shanghai, and Beijing. He was invited to the first Hainan International Film Festival, where he shared the stage with Hong Kong action film star Jackie Chan, Turkish film director Nuri Bilge Ceylan, and Hollywood film stars including Johnny Depp and Mads Mikkelsen. Khan also presented the festival's top prize for "Dying to Survive". The film's Chinese premiere was held at the Beijing Film Academy on 24 December 2018.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Worldwide, the film grossed between () and () in its opening weekend, and it grossed () in its opening week. By 26 November 2018, the film had grossed () worldwide. As of 31 December 2018, "Thugs of Hindostan" has grossed () at the worldwide box office.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: "Thugs of Hindostan" had the biggest morning occupancy for an Indian film in 2018, with 65-70% of the seats booked. Its first day collection in India was the highest for any Hindi film, at nett ( gross), surpassing the previous opening day records held by "Happy New Year" (), "Baahubali 2" (), and "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" (). On the second day, the film's nett collection dropped to . Its two-day total was an estimated nett in India, the highest for any Hindi film in its first two days. In three days, the film's domestic collection was nett, becoming Amitabh Bachchan's first film to net in India (without taking inflation into account). By the end of its opening weekend on 11 November 2018, the film's domestic collections were nett and gross. It surpassed "Dhoom 3" to become Aamir Khan's biggest opening weekend in India, and surpassed "Sanju" to become the highest opening weekend grosser of 2018. "Thugs of Hindostan" also became India's fourth highest opening weekend grosser of all time, after "Sultan", "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" and "Baahubali 2". In its opening week, the film's collections in India were nett, and gross, becoming the fourth highest opening week grosser of 2018, after "Sanju", "Padmaavat" and "Race 3".


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: The box-office takings, however, dropped significantly after receiving bad reviews, and the film made only in India after 11 days. It resulted in significant losses for theatre owners, who demanded refunds from the sub-distributor of Yash Raj Films. As of 26 November 2018, the film's collections in India stand at nett and gross.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Overseas, the film grossed () in its opening weekend, including in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, in the United States and Canada, and £497,663 () in the United Kingdom. It had the year's third highest-grossing opening weekend overseas, after "Padmaavat" and "Sanju". In its opening week, the film grossed () overseas. As of 26 November 2018, the film grossed () overseas.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: In China, where it released on 28 December 2018 at 19:00 China time, the film grossed () within the last five hours of opening day, entering the daily box office chart at number three (behind Chinese film "Kill Mobile" and Hollywood film "Aquaman"), but with the second highest per-screen average (behind "Kill Mobile"). In China, the film grossed in its opening weekend, and in its opening week.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: "Thugs of Hindostan" received generally negative reviews from critics. While the performances of Bachchan and Khan drew praise, both Acharya's direction and screenplay were criticised.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Rachit Gupta of "The Times of India" gave the film two and a half stars out of five and shares the sentiments of most reviewers: "[It] looks like a million bucks, [but] it doesn't feel the same way". He praised the production design and cinematography, but criticised the lack of suspense and "the predictable nature of the writing... [which] doesn't help the movie at all". The visual effects were commended, but the pace and running time was criticised. Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV rated the film two and a half stars out of five and called it "big, bloated, [and] bombastic", asserting that it "banks solely upon action and spectacle for impact". He criticised the screenplay and budget's inability to raise the film. He found that Shaikh played some sequences well, while women were overall less represented. He felt it was "ultimately too tacky and unconvincing to lay legitimate claims to being India's answer to "Pirates of the Caribbean"". Nandini Ramath of Scroll.in labelled "Thugs of Hindostan" a "trite, uninvolving" film. She felt sequences filmed in the sea were "sluggishly directed", and "the ones on land fare no better". The action scenes were tagged "flat and uninvolving" and the background score as "insistently ponderous."


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: In a positive review, Rohini Nair of "Firstpost" appreciated the use of metaphorical allegories in the film and praised Bachchan and Khan's chemistry. She wrote of Kaif: "She writhes and contorts in sequinned hotpants as the plot builds towards its climax". Nair wrote that "all is forgiven in the rip-roaring, all muskets blazing finale sequence of the film". She raises expectations for a sequel. Gupta praised the performances of both Bachchan and Khan; Khan for his "comedy and banter" and Bachchan for his "heroics and the intense dialogues". The ensemble cast, was, however, condemned. Chatterjee commended Khan and Bachchan for bringing "everything that they have", in his review. Commenting on the uneven distribution of screen time, Ramath stated Bachchan "lumbers through the movie and looks exhausted". Khan's chemistry was praised, and the scenes were stated to "came to life" with him with his dialogues.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Harish Wankhede's another positive review in the "Indian Express" provides a subaltern perspective to the film. He argues that "Thugs of Hindostan thus brings the peripheral, the lumpen proletariat and other degraded groups centre-stage in building the foundations of the new nation. It gives the film a subaltern-satirical Dalit perspective."


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Rajeev Masand of "CNN-IBN" gave 2 stars out of 5, commenting "Not every film needs to be uplifting, inspiring, or even fun. But watching a movie shouldn’t feel like you’re serving a jail term either."


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Taran Adarsh, film analyst for "Bollywood Hungama", opined the film was "[a] King-sized [d]isappointment." He felt several good moments in the first half of the film, were hindered by the "formula-ridden plot, screenplay of convenience, and shoddy direction". Writing for the "Hindustan Times", Raja Sen remarked that the film is “"Pirates Of The Caribbean" without pirates or Caribbean”.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Shubra Gupta of "The Indian Express" termed the "a massive cherry-picking enterprise from big entertainers of the past, many of them YRF's own", and referred to it as "a boring affair". She criticised the screenplay and the plot, and noted that the characters' interactions with each other felt heavy-handed". Gupta, however, praised Khan: "[W]hile he's around, it's bearable. Just about". Ankur Pathak of "Huffington Post India" stated that the film "was so awful that it felt like a satire of itself". He termed the film "a vanity project that tries to cash in on the profitable wave triggered by the "Baahubali" movies". Rahul Desai of "Film Companion" sums up the retort: "[It is] the Bollywood manifestation of Halloween – an amusing, self-gratifying but altogether pointless fancy-dress ball designed to trick audiences under the guise of treating them".


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: Among overseas critics, Joe Leydon of "Variety" gave it a generally positive review, stating the "expensive and exuberant Bollywood masala delivers the goods as a satisfying popcorn epic." Mike McCahill of "The Guardian" rated the film three out of five stars, referring to it as an enjoyable irreverent romp. "Global Times" notes that the film has received a mixed reception in China, but that its Chinese reception is generally better than its Indian reception.


title: Thugs of Hindostan

text: The film has recovered approximately () from satellite, digital and music rights. This includes about for satellite and digital rights, with satellite rights sold to Sony Pictures Networks India and digital rights sold to Amazon Prime Video.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Identity is a 2003 American ensemble horror thriller film directed by James Mangold from a screenplay by Michael Cooney. The film stars John Cusack, Ray Liotta, Amanda Peet, Alfred Molina, Clea DuVall and Rebecca De Mornay.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Loosely based on Agatha Christie's 1939 whodunit "And Then There Were None", the film follows ten strangers in an isolated hotel, who are temporarily cut off from the rest of the world, and are mysteriously killed off one by one. Several events which take place in the hours before the characters' arrival are introduced at key moments in the film using reverse chronology structure, and in a parallel story, a murderer awaits a verdict at a crucial trial that will determine whether he will be executed for his crimes.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: The film grossed $90 million. It received polarized reviews from critics at the time of release, but has since slowly garnered a cult following.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: A convict named Malcolm Rivers awaits execution for a vicious mass murder that took place at an apartment building. Journals belonging to Malcolm are discovered misfiled in the case evidence, not introduced during the trial. Malcolm's psychiatrist, Dr. Malick, and his defense attorney argue to use the evidence to prove Malcolm's insanity.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Meanwhile, ten strangers find themselves stranded in a torrential rainstorm at a remote Nevada motel, run by Larry Washington. The group consists of an ex-cop, now limousine driver, Ed Dakota; Caroline Suzanne, a washed-up, irritable actress; Officer Rhodes, who is transporting convicted murderer Robert Maine; Paris Nevada, a sex worker; newlyweds Lou and Ginny Isiana; and the York family, George, Alice (who was severely injured when Ed accidentally hit her with his limo), and their nine-year-old son, Timmy.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Suzanne is killed by an unknown assailant. Ed discovers Suzanne's head in a dryer, along with the number 10 motel key. Maine is suspected to be the killer as he has escaped. Lou and Ginny get into a fight and Lou is murdered next.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: At the hearing, Malcolm's diaries indicate that Malcolm suffers from extreme dissociative identity disorder, harboring eleven distinct personalities. His defense attorney argues that he is unaware of his crimes, which is in violation of existing Supreme Court rulings on capital punishment. Dr. Malick is introducing the concept of integrating the personalities of someone with dissociative identity disorder as Malcolm is brought in.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: While taking photos of Lou's crime scene, Ed finds the number 9 key in Lou's hands. He begins to suspect that the killer is counting down and targeting them in order. Maine fails to escape the motel area, and is subdued by Rhodes and Ed. Maine is killed next. Rhodes and Ed find the number 8 key next to his body, and harass Larry, who takes Paris hostage. Paris wrestles him off, causing Larry to attempt to escape in his truck, but he accidentally crushes George against a dumpster as he tries to save Timmy from being run over.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Rhodes ties Larry to a chair, and orders the other guests to stay until dawn. Larry convinces Paris and Ed that he is not the perpetrator by telling them how he ended up at the motel. Alice, still in bed, is checked on and presumably has died from her injuries, but Rhodes finds the number 6 key. George's body is recovered and the number 7 key is found in his pocket, which confuses the others.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Ed tells Ginny and Timmy to flee in a car but it explodes. The last four survivors discover that the bodies of all the previous victims have disappeared. Paris has a mental breakdown, revealing her birthday on May 10; it transpires that all eleven people were born on May 10 — which is also Malcolm's birthday, and the day he committed the murders.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Ed checks their ID cards in the office, discovering that each one of them is named after a state, and that their birthdays all match. With Dr. Malick calling out to him, Ed finds he is at the hearing, but is confused as to why he is there. Dr. Malick explains that he is one of the personalities that Malcolm Rivers created as a child. Learning one of the personalities committed the murders, Ed is instructed to "go back" to the motel to try to eliminate them.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: As Ed returns to the motel, Paris finds convict-transportation files for both Maine and Rhodes in the police car, revealing Rhodes is a criminal acting as an officer. Rhodes attacks Paris, but she is saved by Larry, who is shot to death by Rhodes. Finally believing Rhodes to be the murderous personality, Ed goes after him and the two men end up shooting each other fatally, leaving only Paris still alive.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: With the homicidal personality removed, Malcolm's execution is stayed and he is ordered to be placed in a mental institution under Dr. Malick's care. In Malcolm's mind, Paris settles down in her hometown of Frostproof, Florida. As she tends to her orange grove, she discovers the number 1 key buried in the dirt, and finds Timmy behind her. It is revealed Timmy orchestrated all of the deaths at the motel, including faking his death. Timmy kills Paris, while Malcolm strangles Malick, causing the van that is en route to the mental institution to swerve off the road and stop before Timmy's voice repeats the poem "Antigonish" by William Hughes Mearns one more time.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: All filming was undertaken in the United States. Some took place in Lancaster, California and other places in Los Angeles County, while the majority was shot on a sound stage at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Angelo Badalamenti was originally signed to score the film, but his music was replaced with a new score by Alan Silvestri (Silvestri had previously replaced Badalamenti on 1991's "Shattered").


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four and wrote, "I've seen a lot of movies that are intriguing for the first two acts and then go on autopilot with a formula ending. "Identity" is a rarity, a movie that seems to be on autopilot for the first two acts and then reveals that it was not, with a third act that causes us to rethink everything that has gone before. Ingenious, how simple and yet how devious the solution is."


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Mick LaSalle of "SFGate" reported, "At first, "Identity" seems like nothing more than a pleasing and blatant homage (i.e., rip-off) to the Agatha Christie-style thriller where marooned guests realize that a murderer is in their midst... we've seen it before. Yet make no mistake. "Identity" is more than an entertaining thriller. It's a highly original one."


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: "The Village Voice"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Dennis Lim wrote of the film's premise, "The premise of the one-rainy-night thriller "Identity" seems like mothballed Agatha Christie," and of the film's third act twist, "The ultimate cliché of plot-twist implausibility, the crucial revelation is so outlandishly fatuous it might have given Donald Kaufman pause. But there's nothing self-parodic about "Identity"—the viewer must not only swallow the nullifying third-act bombshell but actually re-engage with the movie on its new, extremely dubious terms."


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: Brian Mckay of "eFilmCritic.com" wrote, "This film's cardinal sin was not that it had an engrossing but extremely far-fetched setup to a lackluster resolution—a resolution that probably sounded good during the initial script pitch, but which nobody realized was going to be such a misfire until the production was already at the point of no return. No, what "Identity" is guilty of most is bad timing—it simply gives away too much, too soon. At about the halfway mark (if not much sooner), the film's big "twist" will finally dawn on you (and if it doesn't, they'll end up coming right out and saying it five minutes later anyway). And once it does, you will no longer care what happens afterward."


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 62% based on 173 reviews, with an average rating of 6.40/10. The site's consensus states: ""Identity" is a film that will divide audiences—the twists of its plot will either impress or exasperate you." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100 based on 34 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: "Identity" opened on April 25, 2003 in the United States and Canada in 2,733 theaters. The film ranked at #1 on its opening weekend, accumulating $16,225,263, with a per theater average of $5,936. The film's five-day gross was $18,677,884.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: The film dropped down to #3 on its second weekend, behind newly released "X2" and "The Lizzie McGuire Movie", accumulating $9,423,662 in a 41.9% drop from its first weekend, and per theater average of $3,448. By its third weekend it dropped down to #4 and made $6,477,585, $2,474 per theater average.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: "Identity" went on to gross $52.1 million in the United States and Canada and $38.1 million overseas. In total, the film has grossed over $90 million worldwide, making it a box office success against its $28 million budget.


title: Identity (2003 film)

text: The film was nominated for Best Action, Adventure or Thriller Film and Best DVD Special Edition Release at 30th Saturn Awards, but lost to "Kill Bill Volume 1" and "", respectively.


title: Doggystyle

text: Doggystyle is the debut studio album by American rapper Snoop Dogg, then known as Snoop Doggy Dogg. It was released on November 23, 1993, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records. The album was recorded and produced following Snoop's appearances on Dr. Dre's debut solo album "The Chronic" (1992), to which Snoop contributed significantly. The West Coast style in hip-hop that he developed from Dre's first album continued on "Doggystyle". Critics have praised Snoop Dogg for the lyrical "realism" that he delivers on the album and for his distinctive vocal flow.


title: Doggystyle

text: Despite some mixed criticism of the album initially upon its release, "Doggystyle" earned recognition from many music critics as one of the most significant albums of the 1990s, as well as one of the most important hip-hop albums ever released. Much like "The Chronic", the distinctive sounds of "Doggystyle" helped introduce the hip-hop subgenre of G-funk to a mainstream audience, bringing forward West Coast hip hop as a dominant force in the early-mid 1990s.


title: Doggystyle

text: "Doggystyle" debuted at No. 1 on the "Billboard" 200, selling 806,858 copies in its first week alone in the United States, which was the record for a debuting artist and the fastest-selling hip-hop album ever at the time. "Doggystyle" was included on "The Source" magazine's list of the 100 Best Rap Albums, as well as "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of Essential Recordings of the '90s. About.com placed the album in No. 17 of the greatest hip hop/rap albums of all time. The album was certified 4× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). By November 2015, the album had sold 7 million copies in the United States, and over 11 million copies worldwide.


title: Doggystyle

text: In 1992, Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre's "The Chronic". That album is considered to have "transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap" by its development of what later became known as the "G-funk" sound. "The Chronic" expanded gangsta rap with profanity, anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970's P-Funk records. Snoop Doggy Dogg contributed vocals to Dre's solo single, "Deep Cover", which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album.


title: Doggystyle

text: "Doggystyle" and "The Chronic" are associated with each other mainly because each prominently featured Snoop Dogg and because both contain G-funk style production from Dr. Dre. The two releases are linked by the high number of vocal contributions from Death Row Records artists, including Tha Dogg Pound, RBX, The Lady of Rage, while both contain a high density of misogyny and profanity in their lyrics. In addition, the two albums are each viewed by critics as early "G-funk classics", and have been described as "joined at the hip". 'Doggystyle' also marked the debut of Death Row vocalist, Nanci Fletcher - the daughter of jazz legend Sam Fletcher.


title: Doggystyle

text: Gangsta rap has been criticized for its extreme lyrics, which are often accused of glamorizing gang violence and black-on-black crime. The Gangsta rappers responded that they were simply describing the realities of life in places such as Compton, California, and Long Beach, California. Describing "Doggystyle" in 1993, Snoop Doggy Dogg likewise points to the album's realism, and the extent to which it is based on his personal experience. He said, "I can't rap about something I don't know. You'll never hear me rapping about no bachelor's degree. It's only what I know and that's that street life. It's all everyday life, reality." Explaining his intentions, Snoop Doggy Dogg claims he feels he is a role model to many young black men, and that his songs are designed to relate to their concerns. "For little kids growing up in the ghettos," he said, "it's easy to get into the wrong types of things, especially gangbanging and selling drugs. I've seen what that was like, and I don't glorify it, but I don't preach. I bring it to them rather than have them go find out about it for themselves." He further explained the "dream" that he would pursue after making the album: "I'm going to try to eliminate the gang violence. I'll be on a mission for peace. I know I have a lot of power. I know if I say, 'Don't kill', niggas won't kill".


title: Doggystyle

text: "Doggystyle" was recorded in early 1993 at Death Row Studios. It was produced in a style similar to "The Chronic"; some critics called it a "carbon copy". Snoop Doggy Dogg collaborated with two music groups, 213 and Tha Dogg Pound. Daz Dillinger, of the latter group, accused Dr. Dre of taking sole recognition for producing the album and alleged that Warren G and himself contributed substantially to the production of the project. Death Row Records co-founder Marion "Suge" Knight stated in 2013 that, "Daz pretty much did the whole album", and that credit was signed over to Dr. Dre for a fee. Snoop Doggy Dogg said Dr. Dre was capable of making beats without the help of collaborators and addressed the issues with Warren G and Daz, stating "They made beats, Dre produced that record". He discussed the track "Aint No Fun", mentioning that Daz and Warren G brought Dr. Dre the beat but "Dre took that muthafucka to the next level!" Bruce Williams, closely affiliated with Dr. Dre, discussed the recording process during Dre's time at Death Row Records, stating:


title: Doggystyle

text: Williams said the album was never finished and because of the demand for the record, the distributors insisted the album be completed, otherwise they would cancel the album's orders. This resulted in Dr. Dre mixing the album and inserting the skits within 48 hours, which enabled the album to be released. "Rolling Stone" writer Jonathan Gold described how Dr. Dre produced a beat from scratch to complete instrumental: "Dre may find something he likes from an old drum break, loop it and gradually replace each part with a better tom-tom sound, a kick-drum sound he adores, until the beat bears the same relationship to the original that the Incredible Hulk does to Bill Bixby". Gold also described how the track progressed with other musicians adding to the song, stating "A bass player wanders in, unpacks his instrument and pops a funky two-note bass line over the beat, then leaves to watch CNN, though his two notes keep looping into infinity. A smiling guy in a striped jersey plays a nasty one-fingered melody on an old Minimoog synthesizer that's been obsolete since 1982, and Dre scratches in a sort of surfadelic munching noise, and then from his well-stocked Akai MPC60 samples comes a shriek, a spare piano chord, an ejaculation from the first Beastie's record—'Let me clear my throat'—and the many-layered groove is happening, bumping, breathing, almost loud enough to see."


title: Doggystyle

text: While recording "Doggystyle" with Dr. Dre in August 1993, Snoop Dogg was arrested in connection with the death of Phillip Woldermarian, a member of a rival gang who was shot and killed in a gang fight. According to the charges, the rapper's bodyguard shot Woldermarian as Snoop Dogg drove the vehicle; the rapper claimed it was self-defense, alleging the victim was stalking him. He spent most of 1995 preparing the case which went to trial in late 1995. He was cleared of all charges in February 1996 when he began working on his second album, "Tha Doggfather".


title: Doggystyle

text: The album's title alludes to the doggy style sex position and is a reference to the musician's name. The artwork, which was done by artist Joe Cool, represents the themes covered in the album and the style of implementation of those ideas. Some critics believe the artwork portrays a woman merely as a hole to be filled by the man, which they believe adheres to the narcissistic and sexist lyrical themes Snoop Dogg covers. In this interpretation, the cover art and lyrics convey what they refer to as the self-indulgent "gangsta" lifestyle, drugs, cars, sex, and money. The artwork uses several quotes from the 1982 George Clinton single "Atomic Dog". The quotes come from the dogs at the top of the brick wall on the album cover, which say, "Why must I feel like dat?", "Why must I chase da cat?" and "Nuttin' but da dogg in me".


title: Doggystyle

text: Dre's handling of the production was praised by critics. AllMusic writer Stephen Erlewine stated: "Dre realized that it wasn't time to push the limits of G-funk, and instead decided to deepen it musically, creating easy-rolling productions that have more layers than they appear". He added that the beats were "laid-back funky, continuing to resonate after many listens". "Rolling Stone" writer Touré noted ""The Chronic"s slow, heavy beats were a sonic representation of angry depression as accurate as Cobain's feedback blasts; "Doggystyle" is leaner, with its high-tempo Isaac Hayes and Curtis Mayfield-derived tracks". He went on to say that "Most of Dre's hooks and nearly all his beats refuse to linger, as if the songs themselves are nervous, fearful of exposure, restless to get offscreen." "Entertainment Weekly" magazine's David Browne mentioned that "The mix of samples and live music on Dre's latest, "The Chronic", gave it texture and depth, and he continues his knob-turning growth on "Doggystyle", fluidly weaving together a gaggle of background singers and rappers, quirky samples, his trademark horror-flick keyboard lines". The Source magazine columinst wrote: "Dre's brand of G-funk may be common now, but it is still painstakingly well-produced".


title: Doggystyle

text: Snoop Doggy Dogg's lyrics were generally praised by critics, although they caused some controversy. He was acclaimed for the realism in his rhymes and his harmonious flow. AllMusic's Stephen Erlewine commended Snoop Doggy Dogg, saying: "he's one of hip-hop's greatest vocal stylists with this record" and he "takes his time, playing with the flow of his words, giving his rhymes a nearly melodic eloquence. Snoop is something special, with unpredictable turns of phrase, evocative imagery, and a distinctive, addictive flow". "Time" magazine's Christopher John Farley noted "Snoop's rapping isn't flashy, but it is catchy" and stated "His relaxed vocal style is a perfect match for Dre's bass-heavy producing. Snoop's voice is lithe enough to snake its way around the big beats," said Farley on November 29, 1993. The ideas put forward through the lyrics include Snoop Doggy Dogg's adolescent urges, as he freely talks of casual sex, smoking marijuana and gunning down rival gang members. "Time" magazine remarked that the notions "are often unnecessarily graphic; at some points they're downright obscene" and that "the album would have been stronger if such misgivings about the criminal life, as well as Snoop's touches of introspection, had been applied to some of the cruder songs". The album also covered gun play, drug dealing and pimping. "The New York Times" said that the lyrical concepts were delivered in "crudest, rudest terms".


title: Doggystyle

text: Some critics said Snoop Doggy Dogg was "obsessed with being a 'G', a gangster, a lawbreaker who smokes dope and kills with impunity" and that his lyrics depict the black-on-black crime in the inner-cities. The lyrics involve many derogatory terms against women, with expressions such as "bitches" and "hoes" being used throughout, which illustrates the feeling of sexism and oppression within American society. In certain tracks Snoop Doggy Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound casually speak of group sex, illustrating the demeaning of women. Snoop Doggy Dogg's lyrics depict drugs, alcohol, sex, and money as methods of escape from oppression, but they also show an underside of the "gangsta" lifestyle and the results of following this lifestyle. The lyrics' violent representations, including murder and aggressive behaviour, have also generated controversy. C. DeLores Tucker of the National Political Congress of Black Women named gangsta rap "a profane and obscene glorification of murder and rape", which can be attributed to "Doggystyle".


title: Doggystyle

text: "Who Am I? (What's My Name?)" was the first single released from the album, on November 11, 1993. It peaked at No. 8 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart and reached No. 1 on the Hot Rap Singles, receiving a Gold certification from the RIAA on February 8, 1994. It reached No. 20 on the UK Singles Chart in 1994 and re-entered the chart in 2004, reaching No. 100.


title: Doggystyle

text: "Gin and Juice" was the second single released on January 18, 1994. Like the previous single, it was a hit on multiple charts. It reached No. 8 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, No. 13 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, No. 1 on Hot Rap Singles, and No. 39 on the UK Singles Chart. The RIAA certified it Gold on April 6, 1994. The song was nominated at the 1995 Grammy Awards for Best Rap Solo Performance, but lost to Queen Latifah's "U.N.I.T.Y.". "Doggy Dogg World" was released as a Europe-only single during June 1994. Even though the single was not officially released in the U.S., it received some radio airplay which resulted in position 19 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart. A music video was produced for the single, which gained American video TV-play and won the 1994 MTV Video Music Award for Best Rap Video. It reached No. 32 on the UK Singles Chart.


title: Doggystyle

text: "Lodi Dodi" and "Murder Was the Case" were not official singles, but they received radio airplay and charted in Rhythmic Top 40. An 18-minute music video was shot for the two songs, with an accompanying "Murder Was the Case" soundtrack. The video won the 1995 Video of the Year award at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards. "Gin and Juice" was nominated at the 37th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Rap Solo Performance. A bonus track, "Gz Up, Hoes Down", was included in the album's first pressing, but not in later versions because of sample clearance issues. Snoop Doggy Dogg could not gain the rights to use the beats because the record company was not willing to pay license fees for using the samples. "Gz Up, Hoes Down" was later released on the Death Row compilation "15 Years on Death Row". "Tha Next Episode" was listed on the cover, but not included in any pressing. It is considered the original material used for the 2000 Dr. Dre single "The Next Episode" but bears no resemblance to the later song. It was 4 minutes and 36 seconds (4:36) long. "Tha Next Episode" was later released on the Dr. Dre mixtape "Pretox" under the name "Chronic Unreleased Studio Session", but only 1:10 long. "Doggystyle" featuring George Clinton was a 5:26 long outtake from the album sessions. It is a singing melody with vocals dominating the song and it extensively samples "Oh I" by Funkadelic from their album "The Electric Spanking of War Babies". Jewell & The Brides of Funkenstein are featured on the chorus. The song was released on "" amongst other songs recorded by Snoop Doggy Dogg during his tenure at Death Row.


title: Doggystyle

text: "Doggystyle" is seen by many hip hop pundits as a "classic". It is credited with defining West Coast hip hop; shifting the emphasis to more melodious, synth-driven, and funk-induced beats. About.com stated during the period the album was released, "Gangsta rap never sounded so sweet." The album is credited for further establishment of the slurred "lazy drawl" that sacrificed lyrical complexity for clarity and rhythmic cadence on "Doggystyle" and "The Chronic". The album is considered one of the first G-funk albums, the style of which many rappers duplicated in later years.


title: Doggystyle

text: It has been suggested by some writers and publications that "Doggystyle" has considerably affected African-American culture. Some publications have held the rap genre responsible for social problems such as sexual violence and sexism, which has been blamed on Snoop Doggy Dogg and other rappers for calling their controversial lyrics "keeping it real." The problems of sexual violence and sexism are attributed to lyrics degrading women such as "bitches" and "ho's," which some believe have influenced black males. Snoop Doggy Dogg and other hip hop artists, including N.W.A, especially Eazy-E, Dr. Dre and Ice Cube (due to their success) and 2Pac, have been held accountable for developing the gangsta rap form; a genre which articulated the rage of the urban underclass and its sense of intense oppression and defiant rebellion, which has been attained through the ability to communicate free of censorship, and has allowed hip hop culture to become a dominant style and ethos throughout the world. Mariah Carey sampled the song "Aint No Fun (If the Homies Can't Have None)" in her 1999 album "Rainbow" for the remix of Heartbreaker which featured Missy Elliott and Da Brat.


title: Doggystyle

text: The writers of "Enculturation", Steven Best and Douglas Kellner, have noted that Snoop Doggy Dogg and other rappers only condemn violence when it is directed against them, otherwise "they celebrate it, internalize it, and embrace it as an ethos and means of self expression," which some believe has an effect on the black-on-black crime. The release of music videos from "Doggystyle" and "The Chronic" has enabled the artists to add visual illustrations to their lyrics, which generally involve Dr. Dre and Snoop Doggy Dogg driving around South Central, Los Angeles in a lowrider (a vehicle with lowered suspension). This imagery of the "gangsta lifestyle" is thought to have influenced young black males into trying to live the same lifestyle and it is also noted by T. Denean, writer of "Pimps Up, Ho's Down: Hip Hop's Hold on Young Black Women", that the videos highlight the representation of class, race and Black masculinity within contemporary urban America.


title: Doggystyle

text: "Doggystyle" is generally considered Snoop Dogg's best album, in addition to being his highest charting and best-selling album as his later albums were certified double Platinum, Platinum or Gold although Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told was certified double Platinum making it his second best selling album and also his only other one to be certified multi Platinum. It differs from following albums as his later work featured production from multiple individuals, such as The Neptunes, Timbaland and Daz Dillinger, with reduced input from Dr. Dre, which shows a shift from G-funk production. Snoop Doggy Dogg's follow-up album, "Tha Doggfather" (1996), did not involve Dr. Dre, as he left Death Row Records. As a result, DJ Pooh was the main beat-maker for the album. "Tha Doggfather" followed the methods of a G-funk record and initially sold well, but received mixed reviews and failed to produce a major hit single. In 1998, Snoop Dogg left Death Row and joined No Limit Records, changing his stage name from Snoop Doggy Dogg to Snoop Dogg. During his tenure at the label, he continued several of the themes from "Doggystyle" with follow-ups to earlier songs, such as "Gin & Juice II" (1998) and "Snoop Dogg (What's My Name II)" (2000).


title: Doggystyle

text: Subsequent studio albums such as "Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss" (2002) and "" (2004) exhibited a more mainstream, pop-oriented theme with new sounds, but remained "hardcore throughout" and featured "plenty of street and commercial appeal". These releases included three hit singles, "Beautiful", "Drop It Like It's Hot" and "Signs". Snoop Dogg was credited for returning to his G-funk roots in 2006, which was established with his eighth studio album, "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment" (2006). The album was noted for being a "hard and very G-Funk record".


title: Doggystyle

text: In October 2022, Snoop announced a spiritual sequel of the album, Missionary, also produced by Dr. Dre. The album is going be released by Death Row Records and Dr. Dre’s label, Aftermath.


title: Doggystyle

text: "Doggystyle" was released to widespread critical acclaim. "Rolling Stone" writer Touré mentioned ""Doggystyle" is filled with verbal and vocal feats that meet its high expectations. It speeds through 55 minutes of constant talk as if on a suicide hot line". David Browne of "Entertainment Weekly" noted "It is the most limber, low-rider gangsta album to date" and went on to say ""Doggystyle" is a grim, bleak-faced record. It's set in a dead-end, no-tomorrow world of cheap thrills". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic stated ""Doggystyle" and "The Chronic" stand proudly together as the twin pinnacles of West Coast G-funk hip-hop of the early '90s" "Stylus" magazine presented "The Chronic vs. Doggystyle" article, and stated a strong point of "Doggystyle" compared to Dre's album was its follow-up singles and that "some of the album tracks are more famous than the singles". "Vibe" magazine expressed that "Snoop is no ordinary gangsta; that's impossible for an artist this playful. On his debut, with Dre riding shotgun anthems abound as often as gin-soaked debauchery". "The Source" magazine gave the album a 4/5 mic rating. It said Snoop Doggy Dogg emerged as a rapper who lived up to all the advance hype which came from his work on "The Chronic", and discussed songs on the record, stating "If 'Murder Was The Case' is a stroke of near genius, then 'Lodi Dodi' is an example of total genius." "NME" magazine called the lead single "a pinnacle he conquered effortlessly" and went on to name the record a "benchmark album".


title: Doggystyle

text: The album also received some negative criticism. Erlewine of AllMusic mentioned the album did not "surprise or offer anything that wasn't already on "The Chronic"". Christopher John Farley noted Snoop Doggy Dogg had little examination over his emotions and feelings. David Browne spoke of "Aint No Fun", stating it was an example of how "musically artful, yet lyrically repellent, this album can be" and went on to say "It's easy to be impressed one moment and appalled the next". Renowned rock critic Robert Christgau gave the album a "dud" rating, which signifies "a bad record whose details rarely merit further thought. At the upper level it may merely be overrated, disappointing, or dull. Down below it may be contemptible." "Q" Danny Kelly observed: "Snoop Doggy Dogg's record is more or less a 19-track homage to/gleeful rip off of George Clinton's 'Atomic Dog' ... It's inclined to become a touch unimaginative; a tad, let's be honest, dull ... And the sleeve competes with The Waterboys' "Dream Harder" and Billy Joel's "River of Dreams" as the worst attached to a recent release."


title: Doggystyle

text: Despite the initial mixed criticism, critical perception of the album later improved, as "Doggystyle" has earned several accolades and rankings on critics' "best album" lists. A review of the album's reissue upped "Q" rating from three to four stars out of five. "A modern classic," observed reviewer Tom Doyle. "The Source" magazine later gave the album a classic five-mic rating. In 2020, "Doggystyle" placed 340 in Rolling Stone's Top 500 Albums of All Time.


title: Doggystyle

text: "Doggystyle" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200, powered by spectacular first week sales of 806,000 copies. As of November 2015, the album had sold seven million copies in the United States, and over eleven million copies worldwide. It was certified four times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on May 31, 1994. It is Snoop Doggy Dogg's most successful album; his following albums were certified single or double platinum. "Doggystyle" first appeared on music charts in 1993, peaking on the "Billboard" 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums at No. 1. It re-peaked at number one on the "Billboard" 200 in January 1994, when it was already certified three times platinum by the RIAA. The record was mildly successful in Europe, reaching No. 18 in Sweden, No. 21 in Germany and No. 35 in Austria. It also peaked at No. 25 on the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand album chart. At the end of 1994, the album was No. 3 on the "Billboard" Year-End Top Albums Chart and No. 1 on the "Billboard" Year-End Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Chart. It re-entered the charts in 2003, peaking on the Ireland Albums Top 75 at No. 70. , it had spent a total of 74 nonconsecutive weeks on the "Billboard" 200 album chart.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: Search Party is an American dark comedy television sitcom created by Sarah-Violet Bliss, Charles Rogers, and Michael Showalter. Primarily set in New York City, the series follows a group of friends who become involved in the search for a missing young woman and the events that result from their involvement.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The series premiered on TBS on November 21, 2016. After being renewed for a third season in 2018, it was announced the series would be moving to WarnerMedia's HBO Max streaming service. The fourth season premiered on January 14, 2021 and a fifth and final season premiered on January 7, 2022.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: "Search Party" depicts the lives of New York City resident Dory Sief, her passive boyfriend Drew Gardner, flamboyant show-off Elliott Goss, and flighty actress Portia Davenport. Serving as a contrast to the group is Dory's ex-boyfriend Julian Marcus, a journalist whose blunt nature frequently puts him into conflict with others.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The first season focuses on the disappearance of Dory's college acquaintance Chantal Witherbottom, whom Dory sets out to find, with Drew, Elliott, and Portia reluctantly joining her investigation. While her friends also deal with difficulties in their own lives, Dory focuses on her pursuit of Chantal, believing her to be in danger.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The second season focuses on the death of Keith Powell, a private investigator who is killed as a result of Dory mistakenly believing him to be a threat to Chantal. As the group struggles to return to their normal lives, they also attempt to cover up Keith's death, which affects them in various ways.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The third season focuses on Dory and Drew being tried for murdering Keith, which Dory denies any involvement in, forcing them to battle against the evidence suggesting they caused his death. A media circus soon circles around the trial, while the friends have their relationships tested and Dory's sanity gradually deteriorates.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The fourth season focuses on Dory's abduction at the hands of Chip Wreck, a psychotic man unhealthily obsessed with her. The abduction sends Drew, Elliott, and Portia searching for Dory as Chip attempts to manipulate Dory against her friends.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The fifth season follows Dory's transformation into a cult leader. Supported by a Big Tech Pharma company and flanked by a group of social media influencer disciples, Dory and her friends attempt to achieve a transcendent state of enlightenment.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: In June 2015, it was announced Alia Shawkat, John Early, John Reynolds, and Meredith Hagner had all been cast in the pilot, with Sarah-Violet Bliss and Charles Rogers directing and writing alongside Michael Showalter, Lilly Burns, Tony Hernandez, John Skidmore, Brittany Segal serving as executive producers and producers respectively. In November 2015, TBS ordered the series. and the second season premiered on November 19, 2017. In April 2018, a third season was ordered, however in October 2019 it was announced the series would move to HBO Max, where the third season would premiere at the service's Spring 2020 launch. A fourth season was also ordered, which premiered in 2021. On February 9, 2021, HBO Max renewed the series for a fifth season. On November 9, 2021, the fifth season was given a premiere date of January 7, 2022, revealed to be its last.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The shooting of the first season began in the summer of 2015 in New York. For the filming of the second season the production returned to New York. Filming for season 3 began in September 2018 and wrapped that November. Production on Season 4 began in December 2019 and wrapped in late February 2020.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: While the show is a dark comedy, "Search Party" has undergone various shifts of tone and genres in each season. The first season is a mystery, revolving around the disappearance of Chantal Witherbottom and the story nods to classic detective stories such as Nancy Drew Mystery Stories, as underlined by the promotional art designed by Sam Hadley. It also includes comedy-drama elements, since the mystery plot is echoed by Dory's search for meaning and purpose. The creator Charles Rogers stated that the show explores "what it means to be "a good person"" and "the difference between wanting to be seen as a good person and being an actual one". The first three seasons also have a running theme around the toxic nature of deception, both deceiving others and self-deception. "Télérama" labeled the first series as an existential quest. According to Charles Rogers, the title highlights this multiplicity:We wanted a title that conveys this blend of comedy and drama, but all our propositions were incongruous or far-fetched. Until we figured out that the most simple phrase used to talk about organized searches when a person's missing, "search party", was perfect : "search" represents mystery and "party" is the fun part. The heroes of the show don't really know what they're doing. For them, it's a light and entertaining thing. They shouldn't get involved in such detective work...The second season features psychological thriller elements, as underlined by the Alfred Hitchcock-inspired promotional art. Alia Shawkat asserted that the main theme of the season is "Hitchcock's paranoia".


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: Dory and Drew's trial in the third series introduces a "courtroom drama" narrative, influenced by the works of John Grisham. Charles Rogers stated that the legal plot was inspired by the real-life trial of Amanda Knox, who was convicted of murder in 2007. Moreover, the satire is mostly focused on fame and the media, with Rogers referencing the satirical crime film "The Bling Ring" and the cult dark comedy film "To Die For", whose postmodern style is echoed throughout the season thanks to the inclusion of fictional true-crime shows and interviews of the main characters.


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The fourth season was described by Sarah-Violet Bliss as "being the kind of 'captive' genre" and drew comparisons to "Misery".


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The first season received positive reviews from television critics. "Los Angeles Times" wrote that it was "tightly made and effective on multiple levels". "GQ" wrote that it is "a flawless oddity, a once-in-a-lifetime piece of art. It's not the weekend's best show, it's the year's best." It holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critical consensus reads ""Search Party" is an engaging, weird, dark, funny mystery elevated by exceptional performances throughout." On Metacritic, the season holds a rating of 81 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The second season of "Search Party" received positive reviews from television critics. It holds a 96% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critical consensus reads "With a never-better Alia Shawkat in the lead, "Search Party"'s second season delves deeper into the deliciously dark dramedy that makes the show so addictively entertaining." On Metacritic, the season holds a rating of 78 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Search Party (TV series)

text: The third season of "Search Party" received positive reviews from television critics. It holds a 93% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critical consensus reads ""Search Party"'s third season changes the satirical scenery without losing any of its bite, while giving its capable cast plenty of moments to shine." On Metacritic, the season holds a rating of 78 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Fatty acid

text: In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.


title: Fatty acid

text: The concept of fatty acid ("acide gras") was introduced in 1813 by Michel Eugène Chevreul, though he initially used some variant terms: "graisse acide" and "acide huileux" ("acid fat" and "oily acid").


title: Fatty acid

text: Fatty acids are classified in many ways: by length, by saturation vs unsaturation, by even vs odd carbon content, and by linear vs branched.


title: Fatty acid

text: Saturated fatty acids have no C=C double bonds. They have the formula CH(CH)COOH, for different "n". An important saturated fatty acid is stearic acid ("n" = 16), which when neutralized with sodium hydroxide is the most common form of soap.


title: Fatty acid

text: Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more C=C double bonds. The C=C double bonds can give either "cis" or "trans" isomers.


title: Fatty acid

text: In most naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids, each double bond has three (n-3), six (n-6), or nine (n-9) carbon atoms after it, and all double bonds have a cis configuration. Most fatty acids in the "trans" configuration (trans fats) are not found in nature and are the result of human processing (e.g., hydrogenation). Some trans fatty acids also occur naturally in the milk and meat of ruminants (such as cattle and sheep). They are produced, by fermentation, in the rumen of these animals. They are also found in dairy products from milk of ruminants, and may be also found in breast milk of women who obtained them from their diet.


title: Fatty acid

text: The geometric differences between the various types of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, play an important role in biological processes, and in the construction of biological structures (such as cell membranes).


title: Fatty acid

text: Most fatty acids are even-chained, e.g. stearic (C18) and oleic (C18), meaning they are composed of an even number of carbon atoms. Some fatty acids have odd numbers of carbon atoms; they are referred to as odd-chained fatty acids (OCFA). The most common OCFA are the saturated C15 and C17 derivatives, pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid respectively, which are found in dairy products. On a molecular level, OCFAs are biosynthesized and metabolized slightly differently from the even-chained relatives.


title: Fatty acid

text: Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of carbon atoms, with a carboxyl group (–COOH) at one end, and a methyl group (–CH3) at the other end.