title: Final Destination 5

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 62% of 137 critic reviews are positive, and the average rating is 5.9 out of 10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's still only for the gore-thirsty faithful, but "Final Destination 5" represents a surprising return to form for the franchise." Metacritic, which assigns a weighted score, gives the film a score of 50 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". It is the highest-rated film of the franchise on both sites. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Final Destination 5

text: Richard Roeper stated in his review "From the opening credits to the final kill this film displays a great use of 3-D." Todd Gilchrist of Boxoffice Magazine has declared the film in his review for being "the best 3D horror movie ever made." He described "Final Destination 5" as "a clean, glossy thriller shot in native 3D (not post-conversion) that maximizes the technology without straining the audience's credulity or their constitutions." He also stated "Calling anything the 'best 3D horror film' has the ring of crowning the world's tallest midget, but Quale uses 3D almost shockingly well." In a review for Toronto.com, Linda Barnard has stated "this could be a case where the 3-D-shot movie is worth the extra few bucks to see".


title: Final Destination 5

text: The visual effects were praised for improving on the weak CGI from the previous installment. Betty Jo Tucker of ReelTalk Movie Reviews said in her review "The film boasts some of the best visual effects ever, especially the bridge-crumbling sequence at the beginning of the film." In his review of "Final Destination 5", Roger Ebert said "... the special effects do an excellent job of beheading, incinerating, vivisecting, squishing and so on." ""Final Destination 5" contain some of the most fun effects ever seen that purely enhance the thrills and bloody spills, rather than detract from them," stated Lisa Giles-Keddie from uk.real.com.


title: Final Destination 5

text: The death scenes in the film have been praised as being suspenseful, creative, and shocking. Boxoffice Magazine said in praise, "viewers connect to both the relatable pain of everyday injury and the gory gratification of a well-constructed, larger-than-life set piece." NJ.com opined, "Admitted, there is a certain inventiveness to the way director Steven Quale stages the violence." "San Francisco Chronicle" said that the characters are "killed in gruesome and spectacular ways". The gymnastic set piece has been praised as "anxiety-filled", "a beautiful example of successful comic suspense", "Hitchcockian edge-of-your-seat suspense", and "inventively grotesque". Film.com stated in their review "The subsequent deaths are hit-or-miss, but they all show some creative spark. Quale sets them up like a cross between a joke and a magic trick, carefully establishing crucial details."


title: Final Destination 5

text: The opening bridge collapse has garnered considerable critical acclaim, with many stating it as being on par with the pile-up sequence from "Final Destination 2". It has been said to be "one of the single best sequences of any film all year" by Boxoffice Magazine. Uk.real.com stated that the opening bridge collapse sequence is "beautifully directed and choreographed". Eric D. Snider has stated in his review for Film.com that "The opening premonition is nerve-janglingly effective." "New York Post" called the bridge collapse sequence "spectacular", and "Daily News" deemed it "terrifying". "USA Today" commented on the sequence, saying "The effect is terrific and reminiscent of the bridge destruction from ""." Betsy Sharkey, a "Los Angeles Times" film critic stated in her negative review "I will say, the bus, and the bridge it must cross, does make for a pretty incredible wham-bam opening sequence," and further added "The big crumble is a stunner of an opener." In a review for MSN.com, Kat Murphy said "the fifth chapter starts out with a slambang catastrophe", then stated that the bridge collapse is "skillfully orchestrated", and "this sequence is actually enhanced by 3-D: Holes in the disintegrating bridge seem to pull the gaze down—dizzyingly—to the river below, and jagged camera angles on hanging railings and sliding debris muddle our sense of what's up, what's down." Kirk Honeycutt of "The Hollywood Reporter" praised "This film's opening sequence is undeniably spectacular." Aaron Hillis from "The Village Voice" called the bridge collapse "breathtakingly staged". "The Advocate" stated that "Director Steve Quale and writer Heisserer stage the bridge's collapse in swift but exacting detail." "The Austin Chronicle" said the bridge collapse sequence is "spectacularly gruesome".


title: Final Destination 5

text: In 2017, John Squires, writing for "Bloody Disgusting", gave five reasons as to why "Final Destination 5" is the franchise's best sequel; highlighting the opening sequence, the inventive death scenes, the level of gore in the film, the new mythology to defeat Death and the ending encompassing scenes with the first film.


title: Final Destination 5

text: In early 2011, Tony Todd said in an interview with Dread Central that if "Final Destination 5" was a success at the box office, then two sequels would be filmed back-to-back. On August 23, when asked whether he would be directing a sequel, Steven Quale elaborated: "Who knows. Never say never. I mean, it'll be up to the fans. We'll see how this one performs internationally, and if it makes as much money as the fourth one, I'm sure Warner Brothers will want to make another one".


title: Final Destination 5

text: In January 2019, a new installment was announced to be in development, from Warner Bros. Pictures and New Line Cinema. Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan will write the script, with the plot described as a "re-imagining" of the franchise. In August, Devon Sawa expressed interest in returning to the franchise in the reboot.


title: Final Destination 5

text: In March 2020, the film was revealed to be set in the same canon as the first five films and would focus on first responders, with series producer Craig Perry stating: "We're toying with having it take place in the world of first responders: EMTs, firemen, and police. These people deal with death on the front lines every day and make choices that can cause people to live or die. We rely on their good judgment, expertise, and calm demeanor. So why not put those people in the nightmare situation where every choice can bring about life and death – but now for themselves? We're thinking that world might be an interesting way into a "Final Destination" movie, and one which can also generate unique set pieces in a very credible way".


title: Final Destination 5

text: Later in October, series creator Jeffrey Reddick confirmed that a sixth film had been in the works prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Hyundai Tucson () (pronounced Tu-són) is a compact crossover SUV (C-segment) produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai since 2004. In the brand's lineup, the Tucson is positioned below the Santa Fe, and above the Kona and Creta. It is named after the city of Tucson, Arizona. The second-generation model has been marketed as the Hyundai ix35 in several markets, including Europe, Australia and China, before reverting to Tucson for the third-generation.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Tucson is the best-selling Hyundai SUV model, with more than 7 million units sold globally since it launched in 2004. Of these, 1.4 million units have been sold in Europe.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The first-generation Tucson was launched in 2004, after its name was announced in November 2003. Positioned as a smaller alternative to the Santa Fe, it shared its Hyundai Elantra-based platform with the second-generation Kia Sportage.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: In the U.S., the Tucson was offered in base GLS, mid-line SE, and top-tier Limited (formerly LX) trim levels for 2007 models. Earlier 2005 and 2006 models were offered as GL/GLS/Limited. Standard equipment included air conditioning, six airbags, electronic stability control, a CD player, alloy wheels, remote keyless entry, and premium cloth seats. The SE added to the roster with contrasting gray body cladding, a different alloy design, an AM/FM/Cassette/CD as well as fog lights and a front windshield wiper de-icing grid. The Limited added leather seating surfaces, a 6-disc in dash CD changer, body-colored cladding, automatic climate control, and heated seats. The SE and Limited were only available with the 2.7 L V6. The GLS came only with the 2.0-liter four-cylinder.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Tucson offers modest cargo space but its easy-to-fold seats can expand this volume so they lie flat. Even the front passenger seat folds flat for extra-long cargo.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: There are dual-stage frontal impact airbags, torso side-impact airbags built into the front seats, and curtain airbags for side-impact protection for front and rear passengers.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: Changes for 2006 were minimal. The LX became the Limited and got color-coded cladding, automatic climate control, and a high-performance sound system. The GLS retained the gray cladding but 'HYUNDAI' is no longer branded into the cladding on the front doors. The GLS also got improved cloth seats with the option of a heating element. Both GLS and Limited got redesigned alloy wheels. The base GL remained unchanged.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: Changes for 2007 were also minimal. The GL and GLS trims were respectively renamed to GLS and SE to match the standard for all new Hyundai vehicles. The SE comes with a sport utility rack, has 4 wheel drive, and is a 6-cylinder engine.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Tucson Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) is a test fuel cell vehicle for Hyundai's second generation hydrogen fuel cell. The vehicle includes an 80 kW electric motor by Enova Systems of Torrance, California, UTC Fuel Cells by South Windsor, Connecticut, 152V battery co-developed by Hyundai Motor Co. and LG Chem in Seoul, Korea, hydrogen storage tanks developed by Dynetek Industries of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The vehicle has range of and top speed of .


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The vehicle was unveiled at the 2005 Los Angeles Auto Show and completed a journey as part of the Hydrogen Road Tour in 2008.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: In Japan, the Hyundai Tucson was sold as the Hyundai JM until November 2009. The Tucson was also sold in Europe, but not Euro NCAP tested.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: A facelifted version of the first generation exclusive to China was produced by Beijing Hyundai. The second generation Tucson was renamed to ix35 in China and Brazil, and later became an independent model while the Tucson name returned with the introduction of the third generation.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Hyundai Tucson received accolades from Canadian Car of the Year "Best New Crossover" award for 2005. It was named as one of the most reliable vehicles from the 2009 Consumer Reports reliability survey.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The first-generation Tucson in its standard European configuration received 4 stars for adult occupants, 3 stars for toddlers, and 1 star for pedestrians from Euro NCAP in 2006.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: In most markets outside South Korea and North America, the Hyundai Tucson name (also known as the "Hyundai Tucson ix" in Korea) was retired in favor of Hyundai ix35. Vehicles sold in the North America and several other regions continued to be called Tucson. The ix35 was unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. The power output, fuel-efficiency, comfort and safety features was claimed to have been all upgraded. Known by the project name "LM", it took 36 months and 280 billion won (approx. US$225 million) to develop.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The ix35's styling was reported to be based on Hyundai ix-onic concept. The ix35 was penned by Hyundai designer Cha Il-Hoei in 2007, under the guidance of former BMW designer Thomas Bürkle at Hyundai's Rüsselsheim design studio in Germany and continues the company's styling language, marketed as "fluidic sculpture". The compact crossover vehicle has sweeping coupe-like lines, a premium vehicle feel and comes with features unavailable on its predecessor.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The facelifted Tucson was released in South Korea on 2 May 2013, based on the European market ix35 styling with new grille, projector headlights, tail lights, rounded fog lights and front bumper. This facelift was also released in China in August 2013 under the ix35 nameplate, and was not applied in most markets outside South Korea and China, especially in Europe, where only headlights and tail lights were changed, and in North America and Australia, where it retained the pre-facelift styling with only headlights were changed. While in Indonesia, the Tucson received its own facelift in April 2014 based on the global model styling with new grille (similar to the South Korean and Chinese markets), projector headlights, tail lights and fog lights.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Tucson sold in the United States came in three trims: GL, GLS and Limited, with All-Wheel Drive available for GLS and Limited trims. The GL comes with a standard manual transmission, but a 6-speed automatic transmission is available and is standard on GLS and Limited. The North American version uses a different gauge cluster design than the Korean version.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The 2011 Tucson offered in the U.S. a new GL trim which replaces the 2010 GLS model as Tucson's base trim. The GL is powered by a new 2.0-liter 4-cylinder engine mated to either a five-speed manual or an available six-speed automatic transmission in order to obtain better fuel economy than the 2.4-liter engine. The 2011 GLS trim includes the features of the 2010 "Popular Equipment Package" and an automatic transmission as standard equipment. Limited models now include standard electrochromatic mirrors with Homelink and has received Sachs dampeners to provide a smoother ride. The electronic stability control and motor driven power steering systems have been enhanced for improved performance. All AWD models now receive standard heated seats.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: 2014 model Tucson for North America have been upgraded with GDI direct injected Theta II engines that obtain more power and better emissions, LED tail/head lights, more stylish alloy rim designs, and a few minor improvements to the interior/audio system.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: In Australia, the ix35 is available in Active, Elite and Highlander trim levels. The 2.0-liter "Theta II" petrol engine in front-wheel drive is available on Active and Elite trims, while the 2.4-liter "Theta II" petrol engine and the 2.0-liter "R-series" diesel engine are available on Elite and Highlander trims.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The European market ix35 has a restyled grille, front bumper, rounded fog lights and projector headlights, to differentiate it with global models. This styling was also sold in Malaysia from November 2012 as the Tucson.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: In the United Kingdom, the ix35 was initially available in Style and Premium trim levels. It received an update in September 2013 with new headlights and tail lights, and is available in S, SE and Premium trim levels.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: In China, the first generation Tucson was sold alongside the ix35, which adopted the European market styling, and was replaced by the third-generation Tucson directly while the ix35 spawned its own successor, the Hyundai ix35 (NU). The ix35 NU was revealed on the 2017 Shanghai Auto Show in China and was available to the Chinese car market in the third quarter of 2017.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Tucson/ix35 is available with several engines: an all-new 2.0-litre diesel R engine, one of two Theta-II petrol engine variants (2.0-litre or 2.4-litre), 1.7-litre UII diesel and 1.6-litre Gamma GDI petrol. The later two only in Europe. The automatic transmission is Hyundai's all-new six-speed design. The manual transmissions available in Europe is a 6-speed for 1.7-litre and 2.0-litre diesels and 1.6 Gamma and a 5-speed for 2.0 Theta. The 2.0-liter diesel engine, available outside of North America, meets the Euro-5 emissions standards and achieves fuel economy with maximum power output of . The 2.0-litre petrol engine has a fuel economy of with . In South Korea, the diesel engine is offered in both front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive configurations, while the 2.0-litre petrol engine is available only in front-wheel drive.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The North American versions are powered by either the 2.0-litre producing or a 2.4-liter four-cylinder petrol engine producing mated to the six-speed automatic transmission. The 2.4-litre engine makes almost the same power as the previous generation V6 engine while managing 20% better fuel economy than the previous generation four-cylinder.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The second-generation Hyundai Tucson earned 'Top Safety Pick' award from Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) in the U.S.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: In February 2015, Hyundai released the first details about its next-generation Tucson ahead of the crossover's official debut at the Geneva Motor Show on 3 March 2015. This model arrived in showrooms in the second half of 2015, as a 2016 model year. Since this generation, Hyundai abolished the ix35 nameplate, reverting back to Tucson globally.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The third-generation Tucson measures longer and wider than its predecessor, while riding on a longer wheelbase. Rear storage space is also larger, with seats-up capacity growing from 465 to 513 litres.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: Starting from this generation, safety technologies such lane departure warning, blind spot detection, auto braking for pedestrians and cars, along with a dual-clutch automatic transmission and torque vectoring known as Hyundai Active Cornering Control are offered.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: Revealed in April 2015 for the 2016 model year, the North American market Tucson was offered with a choice of two engines, a 2.0-liter direct-injection four-cylinder delivering and of torque with a 6-speed automatic transmission, and a 1.6-liter turbocharged engine with and of torque paired with a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission. Both engines are available in front and all-wheel drive versions. Available in July 2015, the 2016 Hyundai Tucson was available in four trim levels: SE, Eco, Sport and Limited.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Tucson was revealed in the country in August 2015. At launch, the Tucson was offered with two petrol engines and one diesel, along with 6-speed manual, 6-speed auto and 7-speed dual-clutch auto transmissions. The 2.0-litre petrol engines include the 2.0-litre GDi "Nu" petrol engine, while it was also offered alongside the older 2.0-litre MPi version of the "Nu" engine. Other engines offered are the 1.6-litre T-GDi turbocharged petrol engine, and a turbocharged 2.0-litre R-Series diesel engine. Models with the 2.0-litre GDi engine were sourced from South Korea, while the 2.0 MPi, 1.6 T-GDi and 2.0 R-Series variants were imported from the Czech Republic.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: First shown at the 2018 New York International Auto Show, the Tucson for the 2019 model year received a facelift and significant changes to the powertrain options. Exterior updates included a new cascade grille, reshaped hood and tailgate design, rectangular fuel door, new rim designs, and an updated LED headlight design for higher trim levels. The interior received a major update to include a newly designed dash with lower centrally-placed air vents and a high-mounted head unit display.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: In North America, the Driver Attention Warning (DAW) system is standard across all trim levels, and both the Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) departure/correction system and Front Collision Avoidance Assist (FCA) system are now also standard across all trim levels. The manual and dual clutch transmission options were dropped in favor of the 6-speed Shiftronic automatic used in the previous model. The 2.0-liter Nu GDi engine continues in the SE and Value trim levels but for other trims the 1.6-liter I4 turbocharged engine was dropped and replaced by a 2.4-liter I4 GDi naturally aspirated engine which produces at 6,000 rpm and with a slight loss in fuel economy.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: For the Chinese market, the Tucson was given an alternate facelift for the 2019 model year with the single model name known as 280TGDi and 6 separate trim levels. The 1.6-litre "G4FJ" engine is available paired to a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: During the Geneva Motor Show, Hyundai also unveiled two concept variants, a Tucson hybrid electric and a diesel-powered plug-in hybrid. The 48V Hybrid combines a 2.0-liter diesel model with 134 hp (100 kW) and a six-speed manual transmission along with a 14 hp (10 kW) electric motor; combined system performance is 148 hp (110 kW) and 413 N·m (305 lb-ft) of torque. This boosts system power by 10% while emitting only 109 g/km . The concept plug-in-hybrid is also based on the all-new Tucson platform and is equipped with a 1.7-liter diesel engine and a seven-speed dual-clutch transmission. The engine generates 113 hp (85 kW) and is accompanied by a 67 hp (50 kW) electric motor and a 10.7 kWh lithium-ion polymer battery, which delivers an all-electric range of more than . Combined system output is a maximum of 180 hp (135 kW) with 474 N·m (350 lb-ft) of torque, with estimated emissions of less than 48 g/km.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Korean-made third-generation Tucson in its most basic Latin American configuration with 2 airbags, UN127, and no ESC received 0 stars from Latin NCAP in 2021 (similar to Euro NCAP 2014).


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The third-generation Tucson in its standard European configuration received 5 stars from Euro NCAP in 2015.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The fourth-generation Tucson was revealed on 14 September 2020. The all-new model features Hyundai's "jewel-like" grille, with geometric daytime running lights integrated in its design. Hyundai's design team, led by SangYup Lee, its senior vice president and head of Hyundai Global Design Center, has reshaped the Tucson with bulging fenders, angled wheel wells, a level roofline and short overhangs. Prior to its release, the fourth-generation Tucson was previewed as the Vision T Concept showcased at the 2019 Los Angeles Auto Show in November 2019.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: Riding on a shortened version of the N3 platform shared with the larger Santa Fe, the fourth-generation Tucson is offered with two wheelbase length for different markets to meet different customers needs and expectations in different regions, which are short-wheelbase (), and long-wheelbase (). Most regions outside Europe, Middle East and Mexico will receive the long-wheelbase version. In China, the long-wheelbase-only fourth-generation Tucson is marketed as the Tucson L to differentiate itself with the older model.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: In the interior, the new Tucson features an optional hoodless fully digital instrument cluster and a four-spoke steering wheel. It also include a vertically stacked, dual full-touch screen with capactive buttons. For the long-wheelbase version, Hyundai claimed the cargo volume will provide a of usable space.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: Continued to be produced at Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Czech, the European-market Tucson is solely offered with the short wheelbase version. The European range of the fourth-generation Tucson includes five electrified powertrain options, as well as one petrol and one diesel.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The base options are the petrol 1.6-liter T-GDi (turbocharged gasoline direct injection) with engine and the diesel 1.6-liter CRDi with . Both engines are also offered with a mild hybrid 48-volt technology, which include the petrol 1.6-liter T-GDi in and versions, and the diesel 1.6-liter CRDi with . Mild hybrid petrol models is fitted with the 6-speed "Intelligent Manual Transmission (iMT)" as standard.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: At launch, the most powerful Tucson is the hybrid 1.6-liter T-GDi HEV, which combines the turbocharged petrol engine with a electric motor and a 1.49 kWh lithium-ion polymer battery for a system output of . The hybrid Tucson will be offered with a 6-speed automatic and optional all-wheel-drive drivetrain. A plug-in hybrid variant based on the 1.6-liter T-GDi petrol with a combined output of was introduced in 2021.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The fourth-generation Tucson was revealed for the North American market in November 2020 for the 2022 model year. Offered with the long-wheelbase specification, it features a new 2.5-litre 4-cylinder "Smartstream" petrol engine rated at and of torque. The Tucson Hybrid is also sold in the region, bringing a combination of 1.6-litre T-GDi engine with a 44 kW electric motor. It is capable of , of torque and 30 percent increase in fuel economy. A plug-in hybrid version has also arrived, powered by a 13.8-kWh battery providing of zero-emission range.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: Despite resistance from the labor union in South Korea, Hyundai started to produce the new Tucson in the United States due to its increasing popularity from February 2021. It is produced alongside the Elantra, Sonata and Santa Fe and Santa Cruz in Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama in Montgomery.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The fourth-generation Tucson was released in South Korea in September 2020. The range includes the 2.5-liter petrol engine, 1.6-liter TGDi petrol, 2.0-litre diesel, 1.6-litre hybrid or 1.6-litre plug-in hybrid.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The fourth-generation Tucson was unveiled at the 2020 Guangzhou Motor Show, marketed as the Tucson L. Several exterior changes for the Chinese market include false exhaust tips in the rear. Changes in the interior include a larger vertically-mounted touch screen infotainment system. A "Smartstream" turbocharged engine is offered, which is a 1.5-liter T-GDi engine that produces , paired with a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The fourth-generation Tucson was introduced in the country on 27 December 2021. It is offered in four grade levels, it uses the 2.0-litre petrol engine paired with 6-speed automatic on Standard and Premium grades, the 2.0-litre diesel engine paired with 8-speed automatic on Premium grade, while the Signature grade gets the "Smartstream G" 1.6-litre T-GDi engine paired with 7-speed DCT.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The fourth-generation Tucson was introduced in the Philippines on 20 June 2022 and it became available on dealerships on 17 August 2022 and is offered in GLS (6-speed automatic) and top-spec GLS+ (8-speed automatic). The 2.0-litre petrol engine is offered for the GLS, while the "D" 2.0-litre diesel engine is offered for the GLS+ grade.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The Eurasian-made fourth-generation Tucson in its most basic Latin American configuration with 2 airbags, UN127, and no ESC received 0 stars from Latin NCAP in 2022 (similar to Euro NCAP 2014).


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The updated Eurasian-made fourth-generation Tucson in its most basic Latin American configuration with 6 airbags, UN127, ESC, and ISA received 3 stars from Latin NCAP in 2022.


title: Hyundai Tucson

text: The fourth-generation Tucson in its standard European configuration received 5 stars from Euro NCAP in 2021.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: The Squad is a group of six Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives. It was initially composed of four women elected in the 2018 United States House of Representatives elections: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (aka AOC) of New York, Ilhan Omar of Minnesota, Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts, and Rashida Tlaib of Michigan. They have since been joined by Jamaal Bowman of New York and Cori Bush of Missouri following the 2020 United States House of Representatives elections. The Squad is well known for being among the most progressive and left-wing members of the United States Congress.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: All were elected under the age of 50, have been supported by the Justice Democrats political action committee, and are on the left wing of the Democratic Party. All except Omar and Tlaib were initially elected to Congress after unseating incumbents in primary challenges. All represent safe seats with Cook Partisan Voting Index scores of at least D+25.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: The Squad has been said to represent the advocacy of progressive policies by the younger political generation, such as Medicare for All and the Green New Deal, which have sometimes clashed with their party's leadership. Ocasio-Cortez coined the "Squad" name in an Instagram post a week after the 2018 election. The photo, taken at a VoteRunLead event where the four founding members spoke, subsequently went viral.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: The colloquial use of the word "squad" arose from East Coast hip hop culture and describes "a self-chosen group of people that you want to identify with". Its use by Ocasio-Cortez signaled familiarity with millennial slang as a playful reference to youth social cliques. Ocasio-Cortez's home borough of The Bronx was the origin of hip hop. Musical acts with "Squad" in their name and lyrics existed from the 1990s to the present.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: "The New York Times" considers the Squad to be "sui generis", not fitting neatly into the usual types of congressional groups: the gang (a bipartisan group focused on particular legislation) or the caucus (a pressure group based on special interests). It notes that the term, with a militaristic connotation, conveys values of self-defense, allegiance, and having "something important to protect". The moniker has been used pejoratively by some Republicans, but the four original women use the term self-referentially to express solidarity among themselves and with supporters. For example, the Justice Democrats tweeted a quote from Pressley saying: "We are more than four people... Our squad includes any person committed to creating a more equitable and just world."


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: The average age of the Squad was 38.3 years as of mid-2019, nearly two decades younger than the overall House average age of 57.6 years.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: Ocasio-Cortez and Pressley defeated Joe Crowley and Mike Capuano, respectively, in primary elections. Omar won the seat previously held by Democrat Keith Ellison, who retired from the House to successfully run for Attorney General of Minnesota, and Tlaib won the seat once held by Dean of the House John Conyers, who resigned in December 2017 after nearly 53 years in Congress. At least three of the squad members provided fund-raising and volunteer assistance during the election campaigns of other members.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: According to Pressley, she and Ocasio-Cortez had met before Freshman Orientation Week for the 116th United States Congress. During that event a week after Election Day, on November 12, 2018, all four members of the Squad participated in a livestreamed interview with Jodi Jacobson from Rewire.News, organized by VoteRunLead, and took a group picture. Ocasio-Cortez published the picture on Instagram, labeling it "Squad"; Pressley published the photo on her Instagram story the same day. The next day, they had already attracted negative attention in conservative media, as Laura Ingraham of Fox News called them "the four horsewomen of the apocalypse". The four women, known for their social media savvy, regularly defend each other's policies and remarks.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: After publication, Ocasio-Cortez's Squad photo became a viral phenomenon, and public figures began using "The Squad" to refer collectively to the four women, with prominent examples of usage coming from "New York Times" columnist Maureen Dowd and White House counselor Kellyanne Conway. Dowd had used the term in an interview with House speaker Nancy Pelosi, who criticized the four members of the Squad collectively, although without naming them. Another photo of the three members who served on the House Oversight Committee during Michael Cohen's testimony also got viral attention.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: On July 14, 2019, President Donald Trump tweeted that the members of the Squad should "go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came. Then come back and show us how it is done". The insinuation that people of color are foreign was widely viewed as racist; three of the four are American-born and the fourth (Omar) became a naturalized citizen in her youth. On July 15, the four women responded in a press conference, saying "We are here to stay."


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: On July 16, the House of Representatives condemned Trump's remarks in H.Res. 489. Over the following days, Trump continued to attack the four congresswomen, saying at a July 17 campaign rally: "They never have anything good to say. That's why I say, 'Hey if you don't like it, let 'em leave, let 'em leave.' ... I think in some cases they hate our country." While Trump was criticizing Omar, the North Carolina crowd reacted by chanting, "Send her back, Send her back!" Trump also falsely claimed that the four congresswomen had used the term "evil Jews"; none of them have been reported to have used the term. The same day, the Republican party launched a political advertisement against the Squad, titled "Squad Goals: Anarchy" and focusing on the Squad's role in the Abolish ICE movement.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: A CBS News and YouGov poll of almost 2,100 American adults conducted from July 17 to 19 found that Republican respondents were more aware about the four Democratic congresswomen than Democratic respondents. The congresswomen have very unfavorable ratings among Republican respondents and favorable ratings among Democratic respondents.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: In a "New York Times" opinion piece the historian Barbara Ransby wrote, "The squad has tilled new ground in reanimating a fighting spirit within the Democratic Party and revived its left flank."


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: In late July 2019, the Illinois Republican County Chairmen's Association labelled the four congresswomen as the "Jihad Squad" in a Facebook post that was later deleted. Illinois Republican Party Chairman Tim Schneider condemned "evoking race or religion as the basis for political disagreement".


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: In August 2019, Israel blocked Omar and Tlaib from visiting the country, a reversal from the July 2019 statement from Israeli Ambassador to the United States Ron Dermer that "any member of Congress" would be allowed in. A spokesman for Israeli Interior Minister Arye Deri attributed the ban to Omar and Tlaib's support for BDS (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions). A spokesman for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu cited that Omar and Tlaib only intended to visit the Palestinian Territories and had not scheduled a meeting with any Israeli politicians. Less than two hours before the ban, American President Donald Trump had tweeted that Israel allowing the visit would "show great weakness" when Omar and Tlaib "hate Israel & all Jewish people". Omar responded that Netanyahu had caved to Trump's demand and that "Trump's Muslim ban is what Israel is implementing". Tlaib described the blockage as "weakness". American legislators from both the Democratic and Republican parties criticized the Israeli decision, and requested that Israel withdraw the ban. Trump applauded Israel's decision while continuing his criticism of Omar and Tlaib; he described them as "the face of the Democrat Party, and they HATE Israel". A day after the ban was imposed, Tlaib was granted permission to enter Israel to visit her family after she "committed to accept all the demands of Israel to respect the restrictions imposed on her in the visit" and "promised not to advance boycotts against Israel during the visit." In response, Tlaib said that she would not visit Israel, tweeting that doing so would "stand against everything [she] believe[s] infighting against racism, oppression, and injustice."


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: Ocasio-Cortez, Omar, and Tlaib endorsed Bernie Sanders for president in 2020, while Pressley endorsed Elizabeth Warren.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: 'The Squad Victory Fund', a joint action committee, was set up by the Squad to raise money for their individual campaigns and other progressive campaigns in July 2020.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: All four members once again won the Democratic nomination for their districts in 2020. Pressley was unchallenged in her primary, while Ocasio-Cortez, Tlaib and Omar defeated their respective challengers, including Tlaib's House predecessor (Brenda Jones) by large margins.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: On January 3, 2021, Cori Bush and Jamaal Bowman joined the Squad at the start of the 117th United States Congress. Both successfully challenged incumbent Democrats in their primaries – Lacy Clay and Eliot Engel, respectively. Bush posted a photo on Twitter of herself, Bowman, and the four original Squad members with the caption "Squad up."


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: On November 5, 2021, all six members of the Squad voted against the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act because they believed that moderate Democrats in the House and Senators Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema would not vote for the Build Back Better Act. Nine Democrats in the House had previously refused to vote for the Build Back Better Act until the infrastructure bill was signed, and both Manchin and Sinema had expressed opposition to key aspects of the Build Back Better Act. After resolving certain disagreements, the infrastructure bill passed in the House with the votes of every Democrat except the members of The Squad.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: All six previous members of The Squad were reelected in the 2022 United States House of Representatives elections. Ocasio-Cortez shared that there are at least 2 members that are set to join, Summer Lee of Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district and Greg Casar of the Texas's 35th congressional district.


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: The four original members of the Squad had already been discussed as a group, even before the name was widely adopted. However, according to "Mediaite", the news media currently uses "Squad" to refer to the group "almost exclusively".


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: It was suggested that Marie Newman, who successfully challenged an incumbent member of the House of Representatives with Justice Democrats' backing, as well as Mondaire Jones, who initially challenged an incumbent and subsequently won the primary after the incumbent announced her retirement, were thought of as potentially members of the Squad. Ritchie Torres was another person named as a potential member, but Torres said he had "no intention of joining The Squad."


title: The Squad (United States Congress)

text: Becca Balint, Greg Casar, Summer Lee and Delia Ramirez, who all won Democratic primaries in safe Democratic seats in 2022, have been named as potential Squad members. After winning both the primary and general in Florida's 10th congressional district vacated by Val Demings, many news outlets have speculated that Maxwell Frost could be a potential member to join the squad.


title: Mario Kart

text: The series was launched in 1992 with "Super Mario Kart" on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, to critical and commercial success. The "Mario Kart" series totals fourteen games, with six on home consoles, three on handheld consoles, four arcade games co-developed with Namco, and one for mobile phones. The latest game in the main series, "", was released on the Nintendo Switch in October 2020. Over 164.43 million copies in the series have been sold worldwide.


title: Mario Kart

text: The first game in the "Mario Kart" series is "Super Mario Kart" for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. Its development was overseen by Shigeru Miyamoto, the Japanese designer of many successful Nintendo games including "Super Mario Bros." Darran Jones of NowGamer suggests that the success of "Super Mario Kart" resulted from the "Super Mario" characters, and being a new type of racing game.


title: Mario Kart

text: In the "Mario Kart" series, players compete in go-kart races, controlling one of a selection of characters, mainly from the "Mario" franchise. Up to twelve characters can compete in each race (the exact number varies between games).


title: Mario Kart

text: Gameplay is enhanced by power-up items obtained by driving into item boxes laid out on the course. These power-ups include Mushrooms to give players a speed boost, Shells to be thrown at opponents, Banana peels, and Fake Item Boxes as hazards. The game chooses an item based on the player's current position in the race. For example, players lagging far behind may receive more powerful items, such as Bullet Bills which give the player a bigger speed boost depending on the place of the player, while the leader may only receive small defensive items, such as Shells or Bananas. Called rubber banding, this gameplay mechanism allows other racers a realistic chance to catch up to the leading racer. They can perform driving techniques during the race such as rocket starts, slipstreaming, drifting, and mini-turbos.


title: Mario Kart

text: Each new game has introduced new gameplay elements, such as new circuits, items, modes, and playable characters.


title: Mario Kart

text: "Mario Kart" mainly features characters from the "Mario" franchise, such as Mario, Luigi, Peach, Daisy, Donkey Kong, Bowser, Wario, Toad and Yoshi. The "Mario Kart Arcade GP" series features Bandai Namco characters from the "Pac-Man", "Tamagotchi", and "Taiko no Tatsujin" series. "" introduced a number of characters to the series that are partners to the more common characters, such as Waluigi and Diddy Kong. Some of these would appear in future instalments. "Mario Kart Wii" added Miis, which are created in Mii making tools, and wear two different outfits. The DLC for "Mario Kart 8" added Link from "The Legend of Zelda", and Villager (male and female) and Isabelle from "Animal Crossing". "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe" has 42 playable characters, including the Inklings from "Splatoon". "Mario Kart Tour" features 192 characters, the most of any "Mario" game.


title: Mario Kart

text: Many recurring course themes are based on the "Mario" franchise, such as Bowser's Castle. Unique courses inspired by the Mushroom Kingdom include Rainbow Road, above a city or in space. Each game after "Super Mario Kart" includes at least 16 original courses and up to 6 original battle arenas. Each game's tracks are divided into four "cups" (except "Mario Kart: Super Circuit", which has five), or groups in which the player has to have the highest overall ranking to win. They are the Mushroom Cup, the Flower Cup, the Star Cup, and the Special Cup.


title: Mario Kart

text: Most courses can be done in three laps, except in the original game where all circuits required five laps to finish, the unlockable tracks in "Mario Kart: Super Circuit", where all of them are five laps, seven in "Mario Kart: Double Dash" when racing on Baby Park, and two in "Mario Kart: Double Dash" when racing on Wario Colosseum, five laps in "Mario Kart DS" when racing on GCN Baby Park, one lap split into three sections in "Mario Kart 7" when racing on Maka Wuhu (Wuhu Mountain Loop in PAL regions), Wuhu Loop (Wuhu Island Loop in PAL regions), and Rainbow Road, one lap split into three sections in "Mario Kart 8" and "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe" when racing on Mount Wario, N64 Rainbow Road, Big Blue, and 3DS Rainbow Road, seven laps in "Mario Kart 8" and "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe" when racing on GCN Baby Park, and in "Mario Kart Tour", where all tracks are two laps (five when racing on GCN Baby Park, and one lap split into three sections when racing on 3DS Rainbow Road).


title: Mario Kart

text: The first game to feature courses from previous games was "Mario Kart: Super Circuit", which contained all of the tracks from the original SNES game. Starting with "Mario Kart DS", each entry in the series has featured sixteen "nitro" (brand new courses introduced for said game) and sixteen "retro" tracks (reappearing courses from previous "Mario Kart" games) (not including DLC tracks and games from "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe"), spread across four cups each with four races. The four Retro Grand Prix cups are the Shell Cup, the Banana Cup, the Leaf Cup, and the Lightning Cup. In "Mario Kart 8", sixteen additional courses are available across two downloadable packages, eight for each package downloaded, including seven retro courses, four original courses, and five courses based on other Nintendo franchises, including "Excitebike", "F-Zero", "The Legend of Zelda", and "Animal Crossing" divided into four additional cups; the Egg Cup, the Triforce Cup, the Crossing Cup, and the Bell Cup.


title: Mario Kart

text: "Mario Kart Tour" introduced courses themed from places around the world including New York City, Tokyo, Paris, London, Vancouver, Los Angeles, Berlin, Sydney, Singapore, Amsterdam and Bangkok, and variant courses raced in reverse, with additional ramps and elevation, and a combination of the two. Forty-eight additional courses, most from every game in the series, plus a few new original tracks, are set to arrive to "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe" in the Booster Course Pass in six waves, divided into twelve additional cups: Golden Dash, Lucky Cat, Turnip, Propeller, Rock, Moon, Fruit, Boomerang, Feather, Cherry, Acorn, and Spiny.


title: Mario Kart

text: In January 2022, Dr. Serkan Toto, an industry analyst for "GamesIndustry.biz" indicated that a new entry in the "Mario Kart" series (referred to by some as "Mario Kart 9") was "in active development" at Nintendo. The game would feature "a new twist", and could be announced as soon as 2022. After the report, fans theorized that the "twist" present in the next entry in the series would be crossover-centric, or take inspiration from Formula One racing.


title: Mario Kart

text: The "Mario Kart" series has had a range of merchandise. This includes a slot car racer series based on "Mario Kart DS", which comes with Mario and Donkey Kong figures and Wario and Luigi are separate. A line of radio-controlled karts are controlled by Game Boy Advance-shaped controllers, and feature Mario, Donkey Kong, and Yoshi. There are additional, larger karts which are radio-controlled by a GameCube-shape controller.


title: Mario Kart

text: Many racer figurines have been made. Sound Drops were inspired by "Mario Kart Wii" with eight sounds including the Spiny Shell and the race start countdown. A land-line telephone features Mario holding a lightning bolt while seated in his kart.


title: Mario Kart

text: LINE has released an animated sticker set with 24 stickers based on "Mario Kart 8" and "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe".


title: Mario Kart

text: Nintendo's own customer rewards program Club Nintendo released a "Mario Kart 8" soundtrack, a "Mario Kart Wii"-themed stopwatch, and three gold trophies modeled after those in "Mario Kart 7". Before Club Nintendo, a "Mario Kart 64" soundtrack was offered by mail.


title: Mario Kart

text: In 2018, Monopoly Gamer features a "Mario Kart" themed board game with courses from "Mario Kart 8" serving as properties, ten playable characters as tokens, (Mario, Luigi, Peach, Toad, Donkey Kong, Shy Guy, Metal Mario, Rosalina, Bowser, and Yoshi) and a special die with power-ups.


title: Mario Kart

text: In 2019, Hot Wheels released "Mario Kart" sets of cars and tracks. In commemoration of Mario Day celebrations for March 10, 2021, Hot Wheels also released a "Mario Kart" track set based on Rainbow Road on June 24, 2021.


title: Mario Kart

text: In 2020, for the "Super Mario Bros." 35th Anniversary, Cold Stone Creamery released Mario themed desserts including a Rainbow Road themed ice cream cake, from September 30 to December 15.


title: Mario Kart

text: The "Mario Kart" series is critically acclaimed. "Nintendo Power" named it one of the greatest multiplayer experiences, citing the diversity in game modes and the entertainment value.


title: Mario Kart

text: "Guinness World Records" listed six records set by the "Mario Kart" series, including "First Console Kart Racing Game", "Best Selling Racing Game", and "Longest Running Kart Racing Franchise". "Guinness World Records" ranked "Super Mario Kart" number 1 of the top 50 console games of all time based on initial impact and lasting legacy. "Super Mario Kart" was inducted into the World Video Game Hall of Fame in 2019.


title: Mario Kart

text: Like the "Super Mario" series, the "Mario Kart" series is a commercial success with 169.59 million copies sold in total. It is currently the most successful racing game franchise of all time. "Super Mario Kart" is the fourth best-selling Super Nintendo Entertainment System game with 8.76 million copies sold. "Mario Kart 64" is the second best-selling game for the Nintendo 64 (behind "Super Mario 64"), at 9.87 million copies. "" is the second best-selling GameCube game (next to "Super Smash Bros. Melee") with 6.96 million copies sold. "Mario Kart Wii" is the second best-selling in the series and is the second best-selling Wii game (next to "Wii Sports") at 37.38 million copies. "Mario Kart 8" is the best-selling Wii U game at 8.46 million total copies sold. It was the fastest-selling Wii U game with 1.2 million copies shipped in North America and Europe combined on its first few days since launch, until "Super Smash Bros. for Wii U". The enhanced port for the Nintendo Switch, "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe", is the fastest-selling game in the series with 459,000 units sold in the United States in one day of its launch. It is the highest-selling Nintendo Switch game with a total of 48.41 million copies worldwide, outperforming the Wii U version. Both versions have a combined total of 56.87 million copies sold, making it the best-selling game in the series.


title: Mario Kart

text: The handheld games are commercial successes. "" is the fourth best-selling Game Boy Advance game at 5.9 million copies. The second portable game, "Mario Kart DS", is the third best-selling Nintendo DS game and the best-selling portable game in the series with a total of 23.6 million copies. "Mario Kart 7" is the best-selling Nintendo 3DS game as of September 2020 at 18.92 million copies.


title: Mario Kart

text: "Mario Kart" elements are a staple of the "Super Smash Bros." series, such as the Figure-8 Circuit based on "Mario Kart DS", a Rainbow Road stage based on "Mario Kart 7", a Mario Circuit stage based on "Mario Kart 8", Spirits, trophies, stickers, and songs.


title: Mario Kart

text: "Mario Kart" courses are in "F-Zero X", "Fortune Street", the "Mario & Sonic" series, "", "", and the "WarioWare" series. Items are in "Nintendogs" and "Animal Crossing".


title: Mario Kart

text: Some of "Mario Kart"s elements will be featured in "The Super Mario Bros. Movie", including a Rainbow Road.


title: Mario Kart

text: In September 2016, Nintendo filed an objection against the Japanese company MariCar, which rents go-karts modified for use on public roads in Tokyo along with costumes resembling Nintendo characters. MariCar's English website warned customers not to throw "banana peels" or "red turtle shells". The service is popular with tourists.


title: Mario Kart

text: Nintendo argued that the MariCar name was "intended to be mistaken for or confused with" "Mario Kart", citing games commonly known by abbreviations in Japan, such as "Pokémon" (for "Pocket Monsters") and Sumabura ("Super Smash Bros."). In January 2017, the Japan Patent Office dismissed the objection, ruling that MariCar was not widely recognized as an abbreviation of "Mario Kart".


title: Mario Kart

text: In February 2017, Nintendo sued MariCar over copyright infringement for renting unauthorized costumes of Nintendo characters and using their images to promote its business. In September 2018, MariCar was ordered to stop using the characters and pay Nintendo ¥10 million in damages.


title: Mario Kart

text: Universal Parks & Resorts and Nintendo have a "Mario Kart" themed ride in Super Nintendo World at the Universal Studios Japan theme park called "". This is also to be installed as "Mario Kart: Bowser's Challenge" at the Universal parks in Singapore and California, alongside Universal's Epic Universe in Orlando.


title: Mario Kart

text: Starting with its 2018–19 season, electric open wheel racing series Formula E added a so-called "Attack Mode", which allows a driver to gain a temporary speed boost if he or she takes an alternate lane (highlighted on television via augmented reality computer graphics). The concept has been described by members of the press and by series CEO Alejandro Agag as inspired by "Mario Kart".


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Gloria Grahame Hallward (November 28, 1923 – October 5, 1981) was an Academy Award-winning American actress and singer. She began her acting career in theatre, and in 1944 made her first film for MGM.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Despite a featured role in "It's a Wonderful Life" (1946), MGM did not believe she had the potential for major success, and sold her contract to RKO Studios. Often cast in film noir projects, Grahame was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for "Crossfire" (1947), and later won the award for her work in "The Bad and the Beautiful" (1952). After starring opposite Humphrey Bogart in "In A Lonely Place" (1950), she achieved her highest profile with "Sudden Fear" (1952), "The Big Heat" (1953), "Human Desire" (1954), and "Oklahoma!" (1955), but her film career began to wane soon afterwards.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame returned to work on the stage, but continued to appear in films and television productions, usually in supporting roles.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: In 1974, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. It went into remission less than a year later and Grahame returned to work. In 1980, the cancer returned, but Grahame refused to accept the diagnosis or seek treatment. Choosing instead to continue working, she traveled to the United Kingdom to appear in a play. Her health, however, declined rapidly, and she developed peritonitis after undergoing a procedure to remove fluid from her abdomen in September 1981. She returned to New York City, where she died in October 1981, aged 57.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame was born in Los Angeles. She was raised a Methodist. Her English father, Reginald Michael Bloxam Hallward (known as Michael Hallward) was an architect and author; her Scottish mother, Jean (or Jeanne) McDougall, who used the stage name Jean Grahame, was a British stage actress and acting teacher. The couple had an elder daughter, Joy Hallward, an actress who married John Mitchum (the younger brother of actor Robert Mitchum). During Gloria's childhood and adolescence, her mother taught her acting. Grahame attended Hollywood High School before dropping out to pursue acting.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: An early stage appearance was in the long-running farce "Good Night, Ladies" at Chicago's Blackstone Theater, starring Buddy Ebsen, which opened on April 12, 1942.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame made her Broadway debut on December 6, 1943 at the Royale Theatre as Florrie in Nunnally Johnson's "The World's Full of Girls", which was adapted from Thomas Bell's 1943 novel "Till I Come Back to You". She was signed to a contract with MGM Studios under her professional name after Louis B. Mayer saw her performance.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame made her film debut in "Blonde Fever" (1944) and then achieved one of her most widely praised roles as the flirtatious Violet Bick, saved from disgrace by George Bailey in "It's a Wonderful Life" (1946). MGM was not able to develop her potential as a star, and her contract was sold to RKO Studios in 1947.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: She was often featured in film noir pictures as a tarnished beauty with an irresistible sexual allure. During this time, she made films for several Hollywood studios. She received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for "Crossfire" (1947).


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame starred with Humphrey Bogart in the film "In a Lonely Place" (1950) for Columbia Pictures, a performance for which she gained praise. Though today it is considered among her finest performances, it was not a box-office hit, and Howard Hughes, owner of RKO, admitted that he never saw it. When she asked to be lent out for roles in "Born Yesterday" (also 1950) and "A Place in the Sun" (1951), Hughes refused and instead made her perform a supporting role in "Macao" (1952).


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Despite only appearing for a little over nine minutes on screen, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in MGM's "The Bad and the Beautiful" (also 1952); she long held the record for the shortest performance on screen to win an acting Oscar until Beatrice Straight won for "Network" with a five-minute performance.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Her other memorable roles included the scheming Irene Neves in "Sudden Fear" (also 1952), the "femme fatale" Vicki Buckley in "Human Desire" (1953), and mob moll Debby Marsh in Fritz Lang's "The Big Heat" (1953) in which, in a horrifying off-screen scene, she is scarred by hot coffee thrown in her face by Lee Marvin's character. Grahame appeared as wealthy seductress Harriet Lang in Stanley Kramer's "Not as a Stranger" (1955) starring Olivia de Havilland, Robert Mitchum, and Frank Sinatra. Grahame also did her own stunts as Angel the Elephant Girl in Cecil B. DeMille's "The Greatest Show on Earth", which won the Oscar for best film of 1952.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame's career began to wane after her performance in the musical film "Oklahoma!" (1955). She, whom audiences were used to seeing as a film noir siren, was viewed by some critics to be miscast as an ignorant country lass in a wholesome musical, and the paralysis of her upper lip from plastic surgery altered her speech and appearance. Additionally, she was rumored to have been difficult on the set of "Oklahoma!", upstaging some of the cast and alienating her co-stars. She began a slow return to the theatre, returning to films occasionally to play supporting roles, mostly in minor releases.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: She also guest-starred in television series, including the science-fiction series "The Outer Limits". In the 1964 episode of that series titled "The Guests", Grahame plays a forgotten film star living in the past. She also appears in an episode of "The Fugitive" ("The Homecoming", 1964) and an episode of "Burke's Law" ("Who Killed The Rabbit's Husband", 1965). Grahame can be seen also in a 1970 episode of "Mannix" titled “Duet for Three” (Season 4 Episode 13) and in small roles in the miniseries "Rich Man, Poor Man" and "Seventh Avenue".


title: Gloria Grahame

text: The play "The Time of Your Life" was revived on March 17, 1972, at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Los Angeles with Grahame, Henry Fonda, Richard Dreyfuss, Lewis J. Stadlen, Ron Thompson, Jane Alexander, Richard X. Slattery, and Pepper Martin among the cast, and Edwin Sherin directing.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Over time, Grahame became increasingly concerned with her physical appearance; she particularly felt her upper lip was too thin and had ridges that were too deep. She began stuffing cotton or tissues under it, which she felt gave her a sexier look. Several co-stars discovered this during kissing scenes. In the mid-1940s, Grahame began undergoing small cosmetic procedures on her lips and face. According to her niece, Vicky Mitchum, Grahame's obsession with her looks led her to undergo more cosmetic procedures that rendered her upper lip largely immobile because of nerve damage. Mitchum said, "Over the years, she [Grahame] carved herself up, trying to make herself into an image of beauty she felt should exist but didn't. Others saw her as a beautiful person, but she never did, and crazy things spread from that."


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame was married four times and had four children. Her first marriage was to actor Stanley Clements in August 1945. They divorced in June 1948. The day after her divorce from Clements was made final, Grahame married director Nicholas Ray. They had a son, Timothy, in November 1948. After several separations and reconciliations, Grahame and Ray divorced in 1952. Grahame's third marriage was to writer and television producer Cy Howard. They married in August 1954 and had a daughter, Marianna Paulette in 1956. Grahame filed for divorce from Howard in May 1957, citing mental cruelty. Their divorce became final in November 1957.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame's fourth and final marriage was to actor Anthony "Tony" Ray (b. 1937), the son of her second husband Nicholas Ray and his first wife Jean Evans; Anthony Ray was her former stepson. According to Nicholas Ray, their relationship reportedly began when Tony Ray was 13 years old and Grahame was still married to his father (Nicholas Ray allegedly caught the two in bed together, which he claimed effectively ended the marriage to Grahame in 1950.) However, Grahame's former partner and biographer, Peter Turner, has disputed this, saying that the story of Tony being underage when Grahame began her sexual relationship with him is "fiction". Grahame and Anthony Ray reconnected in 1958 and married in Tijuana, Mexico, in May, 1960. The couple went on to have two children: Anthony, Jr. (born 1963) and James (born 1965).


title: Gloria Grahame

text: News of the marriage was kept private until 1962, when it was written about in the tabloids and the ensuing scandal damaged Grahame's reputation and affected her career. After learning of her marriage to Anthony Ray, Grahame's third husband, Cy Howard, attempted to gain sole custody of the couple's daughter, Marianna. Howard claimed Grahame was an unfit mother, and the two fought over custody of Marianna for years. The stress of the scandal, her waning career, and her custody battle with Howard took its toll on Grahame and she had a nervous breakdown. She later underwent electroshock therapy in 1964. Despite the surrounding scandal, Grahame's marriage to Anthony Ray was her only one, of four, to last well beyond four years (her marriage to his father lasted 4 years 2 months), as they did not divorce until a few days short of their 14th anniversary, in May 1974.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: From 1979 to 1981, Grahame had a relationship with Peter Turner. Turner authored a book about his relationship with Grahame called "Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool", which was later turned into a movie with the same name.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: In March 1974, Grahame was diagnosed with breast cancer. She underwent radiation treatment, changed her diet, stopped smoking and drinking alcohol, and also sought homeopathic remedies. In less than a year, the cancer went into remission. The cancer returned in 1980, but Grahame refused to acknowledge her diagnosis or seek radiation treatment. Despite her failing health, Grahame continued working in stage productions in the United States and the United Kingdom.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: In the autumn of 1981, while performing at The Dukes in Lancaster, England, Grahame was taken ill. The local hospital wanted to perform surgery immediately, but she refused. Contacting her former lover, actor Peter Turner, she requested to live in Liverpool at the home of Turner's mother, where she would remain for six days.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame requested that Turner not contact doctors or her family, but Turner did so, for he was concerned about her health. According to Turner's book "Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool", his local family doctor told Grahame that she had a cancerous tumor in her abdomen "the size of a football." Breast cancer is not mentioned in the book.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Turner informed Grahame's children Timothy and Marianna of her illness, and they brought Grahame back to the U.S., against her wishes and those of her doctor and Turner, on October 5, 1981. She was immediately admitted to St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, where she died a few hours later at the age of 57.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: Grahame's remains were interred at Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Chatsworth, Los Angeles. Her death came just 11 days before that of her first husband Stanley Clements, who died from emphysema on October 16. Grahame had kept an apartment at the Manhattan Plaza residential complex; and its community room, where her portrait hangs, is dedicated to her.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Gloria Grahame has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6522 Hollywood Boulevard.


title: Gloria Grahame

text: The motion picture "Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool", based on Peter Turner's account of the final years of Grahame's life, was released in the United Kingdom on November 16, 2017, and in the United States on December 29, 2017. In the film, Grahame is portrayed by Annette Bening.


title: Laika (company)

text: Laika (stylized as LAIKA) is an American stop-motion animation studio specializing in feature films, commercial content for all media, music videos, and short films. The studio is best known for its stop-motion feature films "Coraline", "ParaNorman", "The Boxtrolls", "Kubo and the Two Strings" and "Missing Link". It is owned by Nike co-founder Phil Knight and is located in Hillsboro, Oregon, part of the Portland metropolitan area. Knight's son, Travis Knight, acts as Laika's president and CEO.


title: Laika (company)

text: Laika had two divisions: Laika Entertainment for feature films and Laika/house for commercial content. The studio spun off the commercial division in July 2014 to focus exclusively on feature film production. The new independent commercial division is now called HouseSpecial.


title: Laika (company)

text: In the late 1990s, Will Vinton Studios, known for its stop-motion films and commercials, sought funds for more feature-length films and brought in outside investors, which included Nike, Inc. owner Phil Knight, whose son Travis Knight worked at the studio as an animator. In 1998, Knight made his initial investment. In 2002, Phil Knight acquired the financially struggling Will Vinton Studios to pursue feature-length productions. The following year, Henry Selick, director of "The Nightmare Before Christmas", joined the studio as a supervising director. In July 2005, Will Vinton Studios was rebranded as Laika – named after Laika, the dog sent to space by the Soviet Union in 1957.


title: Laika (company)

text: It opened two divisions: Laika Entertainment for feature films and Laika/house for commercial work, such as advertisements and music videos. They also announced their first projects, the stop-motion film "Coraline", and the CGI animated film "Jack & Ben's Animated Adventure".


title: Laika (company)

text: The studio laid off a significant portion of its staff in 2008, when its second planned feature, "Jack & Ben's Animated Adventure", was cancelled. The following year, the studio released its first feature film, "Coraline", directed by Henry Selick. which received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, a nomination at the BAFTAs for Best Animated Feature, a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film, and eight nominations at the Annie Awards, winning three, for Best Music in an Animated Feature, and Best Character Design and Production Design in a Feature Production.


title: Laika (company)

text: After directing "Moongirl" and "Coraline", and unsuccessfully renegotiating his contract, Selick departed Laika in 2009. At the end of the year, the studio laid off more staff in its computer animation department to focus exclusively on stop-motion.


title: Laika (company)

text: Their second stop-motion feature film, "ParaNorman", directed by Sam Fell and Chris Butler opened on August 17, 2012. It received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, as well as a nomination for Best Animated Feature at the BAFTAs, and eight nominations at the Annie Awards, winning two, for Character Animation and Character Design in an Animated Feature Production.


title: Laika (company)

text: After working on stop-motion commercials for clients such as Apple Inc., Fox Sports, ESPN and Coca-Cola, Laika spun off its advertising portion in July 2014, to focus on feature film production exclusively. The new independent commercial division is now called HouseSpecial.


title: Laika (company)

text: Their third film, "The Boxtrolls", was released on September 26, 2014. It was based on Alan Snow's fantasy-adventure novel, "Here Be Monsters!" and was directed by Anthony Stacchi and Graham Annable. It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Animated Feature, a Golden Globe nomination for Best Animated Feature, and nine nominations at the Annie Awards, winning two, for Voice Acting and Production Design in an Animated Feature Production.


title: Laika (company)

text: Their fourth film, "Kubo and the Two Strings", directed by Travis Knight was released on August 19, 2016. It received two nominations at the Academy Awards, for Best Animated Feature and Best Visual Effects (as only the second animated film to receive that nomination, after "The Nightmare Before Christmas"). It won the BAFTA for Best Animated Feature. It also received a nomination for Best Animated Feature at the Golden Globes, and ten nominations at the Annie Awards, winning three, for Character Animation, Production Design and Editorial in a Feature Production.


title: Laika (company)

text: In March 2015, the company announced it would expand the studio in an effort to allow for production of one film per year.


title: Laika (company)

text: Their fifth film, "Missing Link", directed by Chris Butler was released on April 12, 2019. It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Animated Feature and eight nominations at the Annie Awards. It also won a Golden Globe for Best Animated Feature.


title: Laika (company)

text: On February 8, 2021, Laika signed a distribution deal with Shout! Factory for the United States, covering the studio's first four films.


title: Laika (company)

text: On March 31, 2021, Laika announced their first live-action film based on the action thriller novel "Seventeen" by John Brownlow who is said to be a fan of Laika's previous work. It was also confirmed that the studio is currently working on their sixth stop-motion animated film "Wildwood".


title: Laika (company)

text: On April 27, 2022, a new Laika stop-motion film titled "The Night Gardener" was announced as being in the works, based on an original screenplay by "Ozark" creator Bill Dubuque with Travis Knight penned to direct it.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Marc-André ter Stegen ( ; born 30 April 1992) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for La Liga club Barcelona and the Germany national team. Regarded as a highly promising player in his youth, he has since established himself as one of the best goalkeepers in world football. Known for his reflexes, passing, and ball-playing ability, he has been often nicknamed as the Berlin Wall because of his reflexes and ball control abilities as a goalkeeper.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: After four seasons in the Bundesliga with Borussia Mönchengladbach, making 108 league appearances, he joined Barcelona for €12 million in 2014. He won the treble in his first season in Spain, playing for Barcelona in Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen represented Germany at several youth levels and made his senior international debut in 2012. He was part of the German squads that reached the semi-finals of UEFA Euro 2016 and won the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, and was also a member of the German side that took part at the 2018 FIFA World Cup.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen began his career at hometown team Borussia Mönchengladbach. In the first half of the 2010–11 season, he established himself as the star of their reserve team and was frequently seen on the first-team bench. Whilst he was enjoying a relatively successful season, the same could not be said for his first-team colleagues. Mönchengladbach's senior side were seemingly failing in their efforts to avoid relegation, and on 14 February 2011, manager Michael Frontzeck was replaced by Lucien Favre, with the team rooted to the bottom of the Bundesliga, having accumulated only 16 points after 22 match days.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: The team’s results soon improved, but the erratic form of first-choice goalkeeper Logan Bailly held the team back. Whilst he was able to produce match-winning performances such as the one against Werder Bremen, these were few and far between, and were frequently cancelled out by uninspiring matches. The fans of Mönchengladbach were quick to discredit the Belgian international, with some accusing him of putting more effort into his modelling career than his football. Ter Stegen's progress for the reserve team had not gone unnoticed by the supporters, and the new manager was inundated with demands to start the young prodigy in the league. Favre eventually lost patience with Bailly, and on 10 April 2011, relegated him to the bench in favour of Ter Stegen for the match against 1. FC Köln. The young German did not disappoint, and the defence boasted a previously unseen solidity. He kept his place in the team for the remainder of the season, keeping four clean-sheets out of a possible five in the last five matchdays as Mönchengladbach avoided relegation via the playoffs. During this run, he shot to prominence with a last-man-standing display against eventual champions Borussia Dortmund, making a string of world-class saves as Mönchengladbach secured a famous 1–0 victory.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen's status as first-choice goalkeeper was cemented when Bailly was sent on loan to Swiss side Neuchâtel Xamax and the no.1 shirt was delegated to Ter Stegen, who had previously worn 21.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: During the summer transfer window, Bayern Munich had succeeded in their drawn-out pursuit of Schalke 04's captain Manuel Neuer. The German international made his debut against Ter Stegen's Mönchengladbach at the Allianz Arena. The match did not go the way the pundits predicted, however, with Ter Stegen producing yet another inspired display whilst his counterpart Neuer made the error that condemned Bayern to a 1–0 defeat. Following this match, Borussia Mönchengladbach embarked on an unlikely title challenge, with Ter Stegen and fellow youngster Marco Reus providing the inspiration for Mönchengladbach.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: After the departures of Reus to Borussia Dortmund and Dante to Bayern Munich, Ter Stegen emerged as Mönchengladbach's main star for the season. He was again first-choice, and in February 2013, it was reported that Ter Stegen signed a pre-agreement with La Liga club Barcelona. The deal was later denied by himself.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: After being strongly linked to Barcelona, Ter Stegen remained at Mönchengladbach for the new season. On 6 January 2014, he rejected a new deal from the club, raising the speculation over his future. In the last home match of the season, a 3–1 home success against Mainz 05 on 5 May, Ter Stegen sent a tearful goodbye to Borussia Mönchengladbach.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 19 May 2014, Ter Stegen was announced as the new goalkeeper of Spanish club Barcelona, with Chilean goalkeeper Claudio Bravo, after the departures of Víctor Valdés and José Manuel Pinto, effective during the summer transfer window. On 22 May 2014, he signed a five-year contract that would keep him at the club until June 2019. The transfer fee was €12 million (£9.7 million), and the buy-out clause was set to €80 million (£63.6 million). After the move, Ter Stegen said joining the club was the right move and that he aimed to settle at the club.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen sufferred an injury prior to the first league match of the season. Due to this injury, Barcelona manager Luis Enrique made Bravo the starting league goalkeeper, where he would go on to win the Zamora Trophy. Ter Stegen, ended up not playing at all in Barca's victorious league campaign Ter Stegen, however, was made the first-choice goalkeeper in both the Copa del Rey matches and in the UEFA Champions League. He made his debut in the latter tournament on 17 September, keeping a clean sheet in a 1–0 home win over APOEL. He helped Barcelona win the final of the domestic Copa Del Rey cup in his first season, a 3–1 victory against Athletic Bilbao on 30 May 2015. A week later, he played in the Champions League Final at the Olympiastadion in Berlin, a 3–1 win over Juventus. He won the "Best Save" award for his spectacular "goal-line" save against Bayern Munich, in the second leg of the Champions League semi-final.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: His second season opened with victory in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla in Tbilisi on 11 August. Having led 4–1, he then conceded three more goals to send the match into extra time, in which Barcelona won 5–4. He made his La Liga debut on 12 September 2015 in a match against Atlético Madrid, which Barcelona won 2–1.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: In March 2016, Ter Stegen said on the subject of Luis Enrique's rotation policy: "In the long run, these 25 games per season are not enough for me. The decision is made by the coach. I hope that the quality I've shown recently is rewarded."


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen picked up injuries at the start of the season, due to which he missed the Supercopa de España and league matches. He became Barcelona's first-choice goalkeeper after Claudio Bravo left for Manchester City on 25 August 2016. On 13 September 2016, Ter Stegen gave away and saved a penalty from Moussa Dembélé which kept the score at 1–0 and which eventually led to a 7–0 victory for Barcelona against Celtic in the UEFA Champions League. On 2 October 2016, Ter Stegen had a poor performance when he made two crucial mistakes, which cost Barcelona the match, as they eventually went on to lose 4–3 against Celta Vigo. He later apologised and said that he would not change his playing style. He later received good reviews for his role in Barcelona's 6–1 comeback victory against Paris Saint-Germain in the 2nd leg of the Champions League round-of-16 for receiving a crucial foul from PSG midfielder Marco Verratti in the opposition half – which led to Sergi Roberto's crucial 94th-minute winner that kept Barcelona in the hunt for the Champions League. As a result, Barcelona qualified for the Champions League quarterfinals, where they were eventually eliminated by Juventus. Ter Stegen proved to be even more decisive in the second league "El Clásico" that season by producing a staggering 12 saves in a 3–2 victory at the Santiago Bernabéu against Real Madrid, which kept Barcelona alive in the race for La Liga while being three points adrift of Real Madrid.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 29 May 2017, Ter Stegen signed a new contract with Barcelona, keeping him at the club until 2022, with his buyout clause raised to €180 million.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 14 October 2017, Ter Stegen made some critical saves, including two well-placed shots from Antoine Griezmann of Atlético Madrid, en route to a 1–1 draw at the newly-rebuilt Wanda Metropolitano, preserving Barcelona's unbeaten record in the 2017–18 La Liga season. On 28 October 2017, Ter Stegen produced a phenomenal display against Athletic Bilbao in an eventual 2–0 win for Barcelona, denying Aritz Aduriz from a one-on-one position and producing a brilliant diving effort from the same opponent with five minutes remaining on the clock. As of 20 November 2017, Ter Stegen, assisted by the guidance of the manager at that time Ernesto Valverde, along with the good form of teammate and defender Samuel Umtiti, was responsible for Barcelona having the fewest goals conceded of any club in Europe's top five leagues, with just four conceded. On 22 November 2017, Ter Stegen saved a 90th minute shot from Paulo Dybala of Juventus, which was similar to a shot he had scored against Ter Stegen in the previous season's Champions League defeat. The result was good enough to secure a draw and a first place position in Group D, qualifying Barcelona to the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase. At this point, Ter Stegen had saved 23 of his last 24 shots on target for a 96 percent save percentage.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 17 April 2018, Ter Stegen captained Barcelona for the first time in a 2–2 draw against Celta Vigo at the Balaídos in the absence of regular captains Andrés Iniesta and Lionel Messi, with the latter starting on the bench.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 12 August, Ter Stegen started for Barcelona in the 2018 Supercopa de España, in which the club defeated Sevilla 2–1 to win the title, with Ter Stegen making a late penalty save to secure the victory.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen won his fourth La Liga title with Barcelona, and reached the semi-finals of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, where his team was eliminated from the competition after losing 3–4 on aggregate against Liverpool, including a 0–4 loss at Anfield in the second leg.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 28 September 2019, Ter Stegen provided an assist to Luis Suárez for the first goal in a 2–0 away win over Getafe, becoming the first Barcelona goalkeeper to provide an assist in La Liga in the 21st Century. On 6 October, Ter Stegen marked his 200th game for "Barça" with a clean sheet in a 4–0 home win against Sevilla. He provided another assist on 7 December to Antoine Griezmann for the first goal in a 5–2 home victory vs Mallorca.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: For the first time in his Barça career ter Stegen kept five consecutive clean sheets. The fifth was against Athletic Bilbao in a 1–0 win on 23 June 2020. On 14 August 2020, he allowed eight goals in the 2–8 defeat against eventual winners Bayern Munich in the 2019-20 UEFA Champions League quarter-final in Lisbon.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: After the end of the previous season, it was announced that Ter Stegen underwent a successful knee surgery which would be keeping him out of the team for over two months. He missed several matches and was replaced by Neto.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 20 October, Ter Stegen extended his contract with Barcelona that would keep him at the club till 30 June 2025, with a buy-out clause of €500 million.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 24 November, Ter Stegen reached his 100th clean sheet with Barcelona in a 4–0 win over Dynamo Kyiv in a Champions League group stage match at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kyiv.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 6 January 2021, in a 3–2 league victory against Athletic Bilbao at the San Mamés, Ter Stegen reached 250 appearances for Barcelona in all competitions, making him the goalkeeper with the fifth–most appearances in the club's history.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: That year, he won the Copa del Rey with the club against the previous runners-up Athletic Bilbao 4–0.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: In this season Ter Stegen did not win any trophies with the side and came third in La Liga. Barcelona were knocked out in the Champions League group stage and then knocked out in the quarter finals of the Europa League by Eintracht Frankfurt. This season ended with a 2–0 loss at home against Villarreal.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen was rewarded for his performances by Joachim Löw, who called him up to Germany's provisional squad for UEFA Euro 2012. He made his debut on 26 May 2012, in the 5–3 loss against Switzerland in a friendly match, but did not make the final cut for the tournament. He stopped a penalty from Lionel Messi in his second international match in a 1–3 loss against Argentina on 15 August, immediately after coming on following Ron-Robert Zieler's sending off.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 27 June 2015, he conceded five goals in Germany U21s' match against Portugal U21 in the semi-finals of the UEFA European Under-21 Championship in Czech Republic.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen was included in Germany's UEFA Euro 2016 squad, but remained on the bench throughout the entire tournament, as a back-up to starter Manuel Neuer; Germany reached the semi-finals, and were eliminated following a 2–0 loss to hosts France.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: At the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, Ter Stegen started in all of his team's matches, apart from the first group-stage match, as Germany went on to win the tournament. For his performance in the final, against Chile, he was named the "Man of the Match".


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: On 15 May 2018, Ter Stegen was included in Germany's 27-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Germany's manager Joachim Löw included Ter Stegen in Germany's final 23-man squad for the World Cup on 4 June 2018.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: In September 2019, Ter Stegen engaged in a minor war of words with Manuel Neuer over the number one goalkeeper spot for Germany.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: In May 2021, Ter Stegen was omitted from Germany's UEFA Euro 2020 squad after opting to undergo surgery to treat an injury to the patellar tendon in his right knee.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen has been described as a tall, agile and consistent goalkeeper, with quick reflexes, good decision-making and excellent shot-stopping abilities between the posts; he is also strong in the air, good in one-on-one situations, and effective at communicating with his back-line courtesy of his strong personality. Due to his ability to read the game and speed when rushing off his line, he is able to anticipate opponents outside the area who have beaten the offside trap. Being highly competent with the ball at his feet, he is known for his control and accurate distribution of the ball, and often functions as a sweeper-keeper, due to his ability to play the ball out from the back. He often uses his legs to close down players and to make crucial saves in what has been described as a 'German goalkeeping style'. Moreover, he possesses good fundamental goalkeeping technique, and a strong positional sense. In 2020, former Spain and Barcelona goalkeeper Salvador Sadurní noted that Ter Stegen's style of play is very similar to that of his German compatriot Manuel Neuer. Regarded as a highly promising player in his youth, he has since established himself as one of the best goalkeepers in world football.


title: Marc-André ter Stegen

text: Ter Stegen was born in Mönchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia. He is of Dutch descent through his father. He married his longtime girlfriend, Daniela Jehle, in Sitges, near Barcelona. On 28 December 2019, she gave birth to their first child, Ben.


title: Larynx

text: The larynx (), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in breathing, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of larynx into pharynx known as the laryngeal inlet is about 4–5 centimeters in diameter. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus. The word ʻlarynxʼ (plural ʻlaryngesʼ) comes from the Ancient Greek word "lárunx" ʻlarynx, gullet, throat.ʼ


title: Larynx

text: The triangle-shaped larynx consists largely of cartilages that are attached to one another, and to surrounding structures, by muscles or by fibrous and elastic tissue components. The larynx is lined by a ciliated columnar epithelium except for the vocal folds. The cavity of the larynx extends from its triangle-shaped inlet, to the epiglottis, and to the circular outlet at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, where it is continuous with the lumen of the trachea. The mucous membrane lining the larynx forms two pairs of lateral folds that project inward into its cavity. The upper folds are called the vestibular folds. They are also sometimes called the false vocal cords for the rather obvious reason that they play no part in vocalization. The Kargyraa style of Tuvan throat singing makes use of these folds to sing an octave lower, and they are used in Umngqokolo, a type of Xhosa throat singing. The lower pair of folds are known as the vocal cords, which produce sounds needed for speech and other vocalizations. The slit-like space between the left and right vocal cords, called the rima glottidis, is the narrowest part of the larynx. The vocal cords and the rima glottidis are together designated as the glottis. The laryngeal cavity above the vestibular folds is called the vestibule. The very middle portion of the cavity between the vestibular folds and the vocal cords is the ventricle of the larynx, or laryngeal ventricle. The infraglottic cavity is the open space below the glottis.


title: Larynx

text: In adult humans, the larynx is found in the anterior neck at the level of the cervical vertebrae C3–C6. It connects the inferior part of the pharynx (hypopharynx) with the trachea. The laryngeal skeleton consists of nine cartilages: three single (epiglottic, thyroid and cricoid) and three paired (arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform). The hyoid bone is not part of the larynx, though the larynx is suspended from the hyoid. The larynx extends vertically from the tip of the epiglottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage. Its interior can be divided in supraglottis, glottis and subglottis.


title: Larynx

text: There are nine cartilages, three unpaired and three paired (3 pairs=6), that support the mammalian larynx and form its skeleton.


title: Larynx

text: The muscles of the larynx are divided into "intrinsic" and "extrinsic" muscles. The extrinsic muscles act on the region and pass between the larynx and parts around it but have their origin elsewhere; the intrinsic muscles are confined entirely within the larynx and have their origin and insertion there.


title: Larynx

text: The intrinsic muscles are divided into respiratory and the phonatory muscles (the muscles of phonation). The respiratory muscles move the vocal cords apart and serve breathing. The phonatory muscles move the vocal cords together and serve the production of voice. The main respiratory muscles are the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. The phonatory muscles are divided into adductors (lateral cricoarytenoid muscles, arytenoid muscles) and tensors (cricothyroid muscles, thyroarytenoid muscles).


title: Larynx

text: Notably the only muscle capable of separating the vocal cords for normal breathing is the posterior cricoarytenoid. If this muscle is incapacitated on both sides, the inability to pull the vocal cords apart (abduct) will cause difficulty breathing. Bilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve would cause this condition. It is also worth noting that all muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus except the cricothyroid muscle, which is innervated by the external laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (a branch of the vagus).


title: Larynx

text: Additionally, intrinsic laryngeal muscles present a constitutive Ca-buffering profile that predicts their better ability to handle calcium changes in comparison to other muscles. This profile is in agreement with their function as very fast muscles with a well-developed capacity for prolonged work. Studies suggests that mechanisms involved in the prompt sequestering of Ca (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-reuptake proteins, plasma membrane pumps, and cytosolic Ca-buffering proteins) are particularly elevated in laryngeal muscles, indicating their importance for the myofiber function and protection against disease, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, different levels of Orai1 in rat intrinsic laryngeal muscles and extraocular muscles over the limb muscle suggests a role for store operated calcium entry channels in those muscles' functional properties and signaling mechanisms.


title: Larynx

text: The extrinsic laryngeal muscles support and position the larynx within the mid-cervical cereal region.


title: Larynx

text: The larynx is innervated by branches of the vagus nerve on each side. Sensory innervation to the glottis and laryngeal vestibule is by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle. Motor innervation to all other muscles of the larynx and sensory innervation to the subglottis is by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. While the sensory input described above is (general) visceral sensation (diffuse, poorly localized), the vocal cords also receives general somatic sensory innervation (proprioceptive and touch) by the superior laryngeal nerve.


title: Larynx

text: Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve causes weakened phonation because the vocal cords cannot be tightened. Injury to one of the recurrent laryngeal nerves produces hoarseness, if both are damaged the voice may or may not be preserved, but breathing becomes difficult.


title: Larynx

text: In newborn infants, the larynx is initially at the level of the C2–C3 vertebrae, and is further forward and higher relative to its position in the adult body. The larynx descends as the child grows.


title: Larynx

text: The laryngeal cavity (cavity of the larynx) extends from the laryngeal inlet downwards to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage where it is continuous with that of the trachea.


title: Larynx

text: It is divided into two parts by the projection of the vocal folds, between which is a narrow triangular opening, the rima glottidis.


title: Larynx

text: The portion of the cavity of the larynx above the vocal folds is called the laryngeal vestibule; it is wide and triangular in shape, its base or anterior wall presenting, however, about its center the backward projection of the tubercle of the epiglottis.


title: Larynx

text: It contains the vestibular folds, and between these and the vocal folds are the laryngeal ventricles.


title: Larynx

text: The portion below the vocal folds is called the infraglottic cavity. It is at first of an elliptical form, but lower down it widens out, assumes a circular form, and is continuous with the tube of the trachea.


title: Larynx

text: Sound is generated in the larynx, and that is where pitch and volume are manipulated. The strength of expiration from the lungs also contributes to loudness.


title: Larynx

text: Manipulation of the larynx is used to generate a source sound with a particular fundamental frequency, or pitch. This source sound is altered as it travels through the vocal tract, configured differently based on the position of the tongue, lips, mouth, and pharynx. The process of altering a source sound as it passes through the filter of the vocal tract creates the many different vowel and consonant sounds of the world's languages as well as tone, certain realizations of stress and other types of linguistic prosody. The larynx also has a similar function to the lungs in creating pressure differences required for sound production; a constricted larynx can be raised or lowered affecting the volume of the oral cavity as necessary in glottalic consonants.


title: Larynx

text: The vocal cords can be held close together (by adducting the arytenoid cartilages) so that they vibrate (see phonation). The muscles attached to the arytenoid cartilages control the degree of opening. Vocal cord length and tension can be controlled by rocking the thyroid cartilage forward and backward on the cricoid cartilage (either directly by contracting the cricothyroids or indirectly by changing the vertical position of the larynx), by manipulating the tension of the muscles within the vocal cords, and by moving the arytenoids forward or backward. This causes the pitch produced during phonation to rise or fall. In most males the vocal cords are longer and have a greater mass than most females' vocal cords, producing a lower pitch.


title: Larynx

text: The vocal apparatus consists of two pairs of folds, the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) and the true vocal cords. The vestibular folds are covered by respiratory epithelium, while the vocal cords are covered by stratified squamous epithelium. The vestibular folds are not responsible for sound production, but rather for resonance. The exceptions to this are found in Tibetan chanting and Kargyraa, a style of Tuvan throat singing. Both make use of the vestibular folds to create an undertone. These false vocal cords do not contain muscle, while the true vocal cords do have skeletal muscle.


title: Larynx

text: The most important role of the larynx is its protective function, the prevention of foreign objects from entering the lungs by coughing and other reflexive actions. A cough is initiated by a deep inhalation through the vocal cords, followed by the elevation of the larynx and the tight adduction (closing) of the vocal cords. The forced expiration that follows, assisted by tissue recoil and the muscles of expiration, blows the vocal cords apart, and the high pressure expels the irritating object out of the throat. Throat clearing is less violent than coughing, but is a similar increased respiratory effort countered by the tightening of the laryngeal musculature. Both coughing and throat clearing are predictable and necessary actions because they clear the respiratory passageway, but both place the vocal cords under significant strain.