title: Long John Silver

text: Silver is married to a woman of African descent, whom he trusts to manage his business affairs in his absence and to liquidate his Bristol assets when his actions make it impossible for him to go home. He confides in his fellow pirates that he and his wife plan to rendezvous after the voyage to Skeleton Island is complete and Flint's treasure is recovered, at which point Silver will retire to a life of luxury. Ironically his "share" of Flint's treasure (£420) is considerably less than that of Ben Gunn (£1,000) and what Silver boasts was his share from England (£900) and from Flint (£2,000).


title: Long John Silver

text: According to Stevenson's letters, the idea for the character of Long John Silver was inspired by his real-life friend William Henley, a writer and editor. Stevenson's stepson, Lloyd Osbourne, described Henley as "...a great, glowing, massive-shouldered fellow with a big red beard and a crutch; jovial, astoundingly clever, and with a laugh that rolled like music; he had an unimaginable fire and vitality; he swept one off one's feet". In a letter to Henley after the publication of "Treasure Island", Stevenson wrote: "I will now make a confession. It was the sight of your maimed strength and masterfulness that begot Long John Silver...the idea of the maimed man, ruling and dreaded by the sound, was entirely taken from you".


title: Long John Silver

text: There have been several major stage adaptations made. The number of minor adaptations remains countless.


title: Shaman King

text: An anime television series produced by NAS and Xebec aired for 64 episodes on TV Tokyo from July 2001 to September 2002. A reboot anime television series adaptation, produced by Bridge, aired on TV Tokyo and other channels from April 2021 to April 2022. A sequel to the reboot has been announced. The manga has also been reprinted in a "kanzenban" edition, and has spawned various spin-offs and sequel manga, video games, a trading card game, and many types of "Shaman King"-related merchandise.


title: Shaman King

text: In North America, Viz Media obtained the English-language license for the manga and published chapters of "Shaman King" in its "Shonen Jump" magazine from March 2003 to August 2007. Kodansha USA re-licensed the series in 2020, and will release it in both digital and physical formats. The anime series was licensed in North America by 4Kids Entertainment in 2003, and aired on Fox Box. Exclusive video games were released by 4Kids Entertainment in North America and Europe.


title: Shaman King

text: In Japan, the manga has been popular. As of March 2021, it had over 38 million copies in circulation. Both the manga and anime have been featured, at various times, in "top ten" lists of their respective media. The "Shaman King" anime has been watched by many television viewers in Japan. Publications about manga, anime, and other media have commented on the "Shaman King" manga, with positive comments on the series.


title: Shaman King

text: The plot of "Shaman King" revolves around Yoh Asakura, a shaman, a medium between the worlds of the living and the dead. Yoh seeks to become Shaman King, one able to channel the power of the Great Spirit to reshape the world as they wish, by winning the Shaman Fight, a tournament overseen by the Patch Tribe that occurs once every 500 years. Anna Kyoyama, Yoh's fiancée, soon enters the scene and prescribes a brutal training regimen to prepare him for the tournament. Thus begins the plot that will lead Yoh on a journey that will lead him to befriend Manta Oyamada and encounter other shamans: "Wooden Sword" Ryu, Tao Ren, Horohoro and Faust VIII.


title: Shaman King

text: Yoh's group travels to America to pass the final trial for the right to participate in the Shaman Fight, joined by Lyserg Diethel while encountering a group of shamans led by Yoh's estranged twin brother Hao Asakura, the reincarnation of a powerful shaman who wishes to eradicate all humans and create a world for shamans. The group also encounter the X-Laws, a group dedicated with killing Hao, with Lyserg joining them. Yoh's team is joined by Joco McDonnell (known as Chocolove McDonnell), as they engage in a series of three-man matches.


title: Shaman King

text: After several matches, only the teams that consist of Yoh's group, the X-Laws and Hao's team remain. Due to Hao's level of power despite being supported by the Gandhara group in selecting Yoh, Ren, Horohoro, Lyserg, and Joco as the five legendary warriors, the teams forfeit the tournament in a gambit to stop Hao while he undergoes a process to merge with the Great Spirit while Gandhara acquires the Patch Tribe's five elemental spirits. Though Yoh and his friends defeat ten Patch tribesmen who are obligated to protect the new Shaman King, they are powerless against awaken Hao as he brings their souls and everyone they know within the Great Spirit before he commences with his goal of destroying all human life. But Yoh and his friends acquire the elemental spirits and battle Hao while joined by their friends and associates, revealing their goal is actually ensure Hao would not abuse his powers. It is revealed that the Great Spirit granted Hao's wish for someone to bring back his mother's spirit. With Anna's help, Hao's mother is brought to the Great Spirit. Convinced by his mother to forgive humanity for her death, Hao decides to postpone his plan to eradicate humans so he can observe how Yoh and his friends will change the world.


title: Shaman King

text: Seven years later, Hana Asakura waits at a station for the five legendary warriors and his parents, Yoh and Anna.


title: Shaman King

text: Before creating "Shaman King", Takei, an assistant of Nobuhiro Watsuki's "Rurouni Kenshin", exchanged ideas about the series with the other assistants which included the creator of "One Piece", Eiichiro Oda. As a colleague of Watsuki, he worked primarily as a manga assistant, only focusing on his own projects during his days off. He was influenced by street art from hip-hop and rap culture, which is apparent in his manga artwork. For drawing, he used calligraphy inks and pen nibs. When illustrating, he used Copic brand color markers.


title: Shaman King

text: He chose shamanism as the principal topic of the series because he wanted to choose a subject that had never been approached in manga before. He said he incorporated his own personality and beliefs in "Shaman King". He has an interest in the topic, and "choosing shamanism as the subject of this story seemed like a natural extension of that." For the title, he said he used "shaman", an English word, due to the fact that "the nuance is really great" and because he could not find a Japanese word with the accurate meaning of the word "shaman". Another reason to have shamanism as the main subject was because he could explore elements from different cultures and their relationship with the dead and the spirits.


title: Shaman King

text: Takei created the stories after he created the characters because he believed the "stories are born because of the existence of the characters". In addition, he felt that "the most important thing [to create a character] is to have originality". Through his characters he wanted to show different cultures, backgrounds and values. When asked "how do shamans of pacifistic religions ever win the Shaman Fight?" he answered that the Shaman Fight is fought using the "strength of the soul". Takei declared "the final message of "Shaman King" is that fighting is no good."


title: Shaman King

text: The chapters of "Shaman King" were written and illustrated by Hiroyuki Takei and were published in Shueisha's "shōnen" manga magazine "Weekly Shōnen Jump" from June 30, 1998 to an abrupt and improvised end on August 30, 2004. The first 275 chapters were collected into 31 "tankōbon" volumes; the first of which was released on December 3, 1998, with the 31st being released on October 4, 2004. The release of volume 32—intended for publication on December 3, 2004—was delayed and Shueisha reported they would only publish volume 32 if they receive evidence of demand from approximately 50,000 people. The release of the last ten chapters in "tankōbon" format happened on January 5, 2005. A spin-off to "Shaman King", , published in "Akamaru Jump" in 2003 and 2004, lasted for five chapters—all of which were included in volume 32. Taking place seven years after the end of the manga series, it features Hana Asakura, son of Yoh and Anna, and his journey with Ryu to find the Five Elemental Warriors for a reunion before the opening of the Funbari Hot Springs Inn.


title: Shaman King

text: Takei declared it was not a decrease in the series profitability that was the reason for its cancellation, but a "fatigue" he had been through because he was no more able to follow his fans' wishes. In the author's opinion, "Shaman King" was being "normalized" by the desire of his readers with the introduction of typical "shōnen" aspects and losing its originality. In 2007, he revealed he was planning to end the series with the finale he initially envisioned, to be published in another Shueisha magazine at the end of the year or at the beginning of 2008. Eventually the entire series was reprinted in 27 "kanzenban" volumes with the title "Shaman King Kanzen-Ban" (or "Perfect Edition"), concluding with the "true ending" to the series. The new series finale was also posted on the official "Kanzen-Ban" website, in addition to the print editions. The first volume of the Perfect Edition was released on March 4, 2008 with the last (volume 27) being published on April 3, 2009. Five years after the end of the series, when the "Shaman King Kanzen-Ban" was finished, Takei said, "After making the readers so much for this, the last thing I wanted to do was to disappoint them". He thought the ending was a "huge responsibility". This edition served to make corrections and adjustments and, for Takei, it was something "fun," as it was different from scratch. "Shaman King" has also been published as part of the "Shueisha Jump Remix" series of magazine-style books. Sixteen volumes of "Shaman King" were released under the "Shueisha Jump Remix" series between April 1, 2011 and October 28, 2011.


title: Shaman King

text: Viz Media licensed the series for an English-language release in North America; the chapters initially serialized in the American "Shonen Jump", beginning in third issue in 2003 and ceasing its serialization in the August 2007 issue. From then, it was exclusively published through graphic novel format and Viz said it was done in order to speed up the series' publication. Volume 1 was released in August or September 2003, and volume 32 was released to conclude the series on January 4, 2011. In Australasian region, Madman Entertainment licensed and published the series between February 10, 2009 and September 10, 2011. The manga has also been licensed in some countries such as in Brazil by Editora JBC, in France by Kana, in Germany by Carlsen Comics, in Italy by Star Comics, in Norway by Schibsted Forlagene, in Russia by Comix-ART, in Singapore by Chuang Yi, in Spain by Editores de Tebeos, in Sweden by Bonnierförlagen, and in Vietnam by Kim Đồng Publishing House.


title: Shaman King

text: In December 2017, Kodansha announced the company acquired the ""Shaman King"" trademark from Shueisha in Japan and Viz Media in North America. A website opened on January 1, 2018, to announce Kodansha's celebration for the series' 20th anniversary. For this purpose, Kodansha republished the original manga in thirty-five e-books with new cover artwork between April 27 and October 1, 2018. Based on this digital version, Kodansha republished the volumes in print, released every month; volumes 1–5 were published on June 17, 2020, after that, three volumes were published around the 17th of every month; volume 33 and 34 were published on April 15, 2021; the 35th and final volume was released on October 15, 2021.


title: Shaman King

text: In July 2020, ComiXology and Kodansha USA announced that they would publish the thirty-five volumes of the new complete edition of the manga digitally starting in July 2020, however it was delayed to October of the same year. Kodansha USA also announced that they would release the series physically in twelve three-in-one omnibus edition volumes in 2021–2022. The first volume was published on March 23, 2021, while the latest—the tenth—was released on August 9, 2022.


title: Shaman King

text: On November 10, 2011, a series of one-shot called "zero stories", later colected as "", detailing Yoh and other characters backstories started to be serialized in "Jump X". In the same issue the first "zero story" was published, Shueisha announced the serialization of a sequel, focusing on Hana Asakura's development as a shaman; "" started on April 10, 2012. Both series concluded in the final issue of Shueisha's "Jump X" on October 10, 2014. Two volumes of "Shaman King: Zero" were released on May 10, 2012 and January 19, 2015 respectively. The "Flowers" series was compiled into six "tankōbon" released between August 10, 2012 and December 19, 2014. Kodansha republished all "Zero" and "Flowers" volumes.


title: Shaman King

text: In December 2017, Kodansha announced a new arc to be published in "Shōnen Magazine Edge". The new arc, "", was preceded by three prologue chapters on April 17, 2018, and started to be published on May 17, 2018. The first "tankōbon" volume was released on November 15, 2018. The manga went on a six-month hiatus between December 2018 and June 2019. When the third volume was published on December 17, 2019, it was announced that the manga was nearing its climax.


title: Shaman King

text: A spin-off manga titled , illustrated by Jet Kusamura and the storyboard written by Hiroyuki Takei, was launched in "Shonen Magazine Edge" on June 15, 2018. The first "tankōbon" volume was released on November 15, 2018. After that, "Red Crimson" went on hiatus between January and May 2019. The manga finished on January 17, 2020, and its fourth and last "tankōbon" volume was published on March 17, 2020.


title: Shaman King

text: Another spin-off by Takei and Kusamura, titled , was serialized between April 17, 2020 and June 17, 2022 in "Shonen Magazine Edge" and was collected into five volumes.


title: Shaman King

text: Another spin-off illustrated by Kyō Nuesawa, titled "Shaman King & a garden", began in Kodansha's "shōjo" manga magazine "Nakayoshi", on December 1, 2020, and lasted untill May 2, 2022. Its first "tankōbon" volume was released on April 15, 2021, while the fourth and last was published on August 17, 2022.


title: Shaman King

text: A spin-off manga, illustrated by Aya Tanaka and based on Kakeru Kobashiri's novel "Shaman King Faust8: Eien no Eliza", started on the Kodansha's "Magazine Pocket" app on July 10, 2021; its last chapter was made available online on June 25, 2022. "Faust8" was published in three "tankōbon" volumes between October 15, 2021 and August 17, 2022.


title: Shaman King

text: In July 2020, Kodansha USA announced the digital English language release of the "Shaman King"s spin-offs "Shaman King: Zero", "Shaman King: Flowers", "Shaman King: Super Star" and "Shaman King: Red Crimson" to start in August 2020, however it was delayed; "Zero", "Flowers" and "Red Crimson" were published digitally from October to December 2020 and the first four "Super Star" volumes were published in December of the same year; the fifth volume was released on July 6, 2021. In January 2021, Kodansha USA announced that they have licensed "Shaman King: Marcos" for English digital release starting on March 9, 2021; by September 20, 2022, four volumes have been released. Also, "Shaman King & a garden" has been published since December 14, 2021.


title: Shaman King

text: The episodes of the "Shaman King" anime series are directed by Seiji Mizushima and co-produced by TV Tokyo, NAS, and Xebec. At an early stage of anime production, Takei himself helped the anime's staff. However, he soon left the staff due to his time limitations as he was working on the manga. In September 2020, Mizushima commented that the original anime material presented in the latter half of the show was not something he did on his own accord, and it was requested from "Shaman King"'s original publisher Shueisha. The 64 episodes were aired between July 4, 2001 and September 25, 2002 on TV Tokyo in Japan. The episodes were collected into 16 DVD compilations by King Records in Japan and released between October 30, 2001 and January 22, 2003. The DVDs were later collected and released in three box sets between August 27, 2008 and December 25, 2008. In June 2020, it was announced that the series would be streamed on Full Anime TV and Bonbon TV services in Japan.


title: Shaman King

text: 4Kids Entertainment obtained the rights to broadcast the "Shaman King" anime in the United States, where it premiered on FoxBox on September 6, 2003. Five DVD compilations of the English adaptation have been released by Funimation between October 19, 2004 and March 29, 2005 in an uncut form. In June 2021, Discotek Media announced they re-licensed the series.


title: Shaman King

text: At Otakon 2015, former Madhouse president and then MAPPA president, Masao Maruyama, expressed his desire to work on a reboot of "Shaman King". In February 2017, while answering a fan's question, Takei revealed on his official Twitter that he received an offer for an anime reboot of "Shaman King", but he turned the offer down because he was told that the new anime would not be able to use the first anime's voice actors and soundtrack music, although Takei hoped for another chance in the future.


title: Shaman King

text: In June 2020, a new anime television series was announced that would adapt the 35 volumes of the new complete manga edition. The anime is produced by Bridge and directed by Joji Furuta, with series composition by Shōji Yonemura, character designs by Satohiko Sano and music composed by Yuki Hayashi. It aired from April 1, 2021 to April 21, 2022, on TV Tokyo. The series consists of 52 episodes from four Blu-ray Disc boxes, each with 13 episodes: with the first two scheduled for a release on August 25 and November 24, 2021 respectively, and the last two set for release on February 23 and May 25, 2022. Netflix acquired the streaming rights to the series for an English dub, and it premiered on August 9, 2021 on the streaming platform.


title: Shaman King

text: The music for the "Shaman King" anime adaptation was composed by Toshiyuki Omori. Two CD soundtracks have been released for the "Shaman King" anime series. The first soundtrack was released on March 27, 2002, as "Shaman King: Vocal Collection", and contains 14 tracks, including the first opening and ending themes in their original television lengths. "Shaman King: Original Soundtrack" followed on June 26, 2002, with an additional 20 tracks and the second opening theme "Northern Lights". Six character song CDs were released on March 24, 2004, sung by the voice actors as their respective characters. Three drama CDs have been produced for the series as well, featuring the original voice actors from the series.


title: Shaman King

text: A collectible card game based on the "Shaman King" series was produced by Tomy in Japan and released in the United States by Upper Deck in 2005. Upper Deck originally planned a mass market release of the game for January 2005, however, it was later announced that Blockbuster Video would have exclusive rights to sell the game from January 28, 2005 to February 15, 2005, after which it would be released to other retailers. In an interview with Upper Deck's Director of Brand and New Product Development, Cory Jones stated that it was the television show's underperformance and later cancellation which led to the cancellation of the trading card game.


title: Shaman King

text: A collaboration with Bushiroad's TCG "Cardfight!! Vanguard overDress" was announced on the Japanese Bushiroad TCG Strategy Presentation 2021 Summer on May 12, 2021. Trial Deck and Booster Pack Vol. 1 are scheduled to be released on November 5, 2021 and a Booster Pack Vol. 2 is planned to be released during Spring 2022.


title: Shaman King

text: Thirteen video games based on the "Shaman King" series have been released. The first one, "Shaman King Chō Senji Ryakketo Funbari Hen", was released on December 21, 2001. Although the games developed in Japan have not been released outside of that region, Konami and 4Kids Entertainment developed a series of games that were only released in North America and Europe. Characters of the "Shaman King" series have also made appearances in the games "Jump Super Stars" and "Jump Ultimate Stars".


title: Shaman King

text: Two light novels with the story by Hideki Mitsui and art by Hiroyuki Takei were released on December 25, 2001 and August 23, 2002. A fanbook titled was released on April 30, 2004. Two guidebooks were released. The first, based on the original series and entitled , was released on June 4, 2002. The second, called , for the "kanzenban" version of the series, was released exactly seven years later. Following Kodansha's acquisition of the series, a new novelization written by Kakeru Kobashiri and titled was released on November 15, 2018, and a new character book was published on November 30, 2018. In Japan, various other types of merchandise were released, including key chains, action figures, clothing, and other toys.


title: Shaman King

text: As of November 2011, the original manga series of 32 volumes has sold over 26 million copies in Japan. As of March 2020, the manga had over 35 million copies in circulation. As of March 2021, the manga had over 38 million copies in circulation. The new "Shaman King Kanzenban" volumes have been ranked in listings of best-selling manga in Japan, as well as its guidebook, both "Zero" volumes, "Flowers" first four volumes, and "The Super Star" first volume. Volumes of the series have been ranked in listings of best-selling manga in the United States such as "The New York Times", Nielsen BookScan and Diamond Comic Distributors. In 2008, "Shaman King" was North America's 24th best manga property according to ICv2, based on sales for the entire year of 2008. The anime adaptation has also been featured several times in the Japanese TV ranking, with the last episode having a 9.5 percent television viewership rating. "Shaman King" was voted the sixth best anime of 2001 by "Animage" readers. In 2005, Japanese television network TV Asahi conducted a "Top 100" online web poll and the "Shaman King" anime adaptation placed 47th. Moreover, approximately 165 million cards from the "Shaman King" trading card game were sold in Japan.


title: Shaman King

text: Justin Freeman from Anime News Network (ANN) criticized the first volume for relying too heavily on the spirits as a "deus ex machina", stating that is what "places the series on the wrong path." On other hand, Alexander Hoffman of Comics Village declared "in this first novel, letting the relationships between Yoh, Amidamaru, and Manta flesh out is more important that developing every spiritual entity that shows up." Holly Ellingwood of Active Anime said she was fascinated by how Takei was capable of taking several myths and cultural beliefs and "blending them into the character backgrounds". Lori Henderson of Manga Life cited the fact every character, even the villains, "has a reason for fighting" and their "internal struggles" as well as the fights itself as the main reason why "Shaman King" is "an enjoyable title." A reviewer for "The Star" declared, praised the characters' development and Takei's capacity to create "new interesting ones each volume," commending "their backgrounds and unique personalities." Writing for ANN, John Jakala commented that he was struck with the "unique", "graffiti-style" visual of the series. Although labeled its art as "silly", Sheena McNeil from Sequential Start expressed that "it's smooth and nicely detailed with "excellent" expressions." McNeil deemed Takei did "a wonderful job of bringing shaman into the modern day but keeping it a story of fantasy". Ellingwood stated the series' "vibrant action", "imaginative plot twists and a creative world" makes it "a unique and stylish "shōnen" series."


title: Shaman King

text: Mania's Eduardo Chavez said that, "Shaman King" can "hit all the right buttons one volume" but "it could be a complete bore" in the next. "School Library Journal"s Cathleen Baxter commented that "Shaman King" has "nonstop action" with "typical "shōnen" characters and battle styles". The storyline is "easy to follow and will hold the reader's interest." Margaret Veira of Active Anime, however, argued that the storyline gets more complex as the series progresses, while comics critic Jason Thompson commented that from volume 20 it "seemed to veer off tracks". In addition of a decline on artwork in his opinion, the numbers of fights also decreased; Thompson wrote, "their enemy ... may be unbeatable by force alone, so the plot shifts away from battles and towards unexpected betrayals, character relationships, and clever (and confusing) schemes—rather than mere fighting techniques." The last volume, especially, "may leave some readers feeling cheated," said Leroy Douresseaux from Comic Book Bin. Thompson was also disappointed by the 2004 conclusion but he wrote that the "kanzenban" version has "a great ending", whose "transcendental climax is not too different from Katsuhiro Otomo's "Akira", or for many American comics about beings with ultimate power."


title: Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2012

text: "Billboard" publishes annual lists of songs based on chart performance over the course of a year based on Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems and SoundScan information. For 2012, the list for the top 100 "Billboard" Hot 100 Year-End songs was published on December 14, calculated with data from December 3, 2011 to November 24, 2012. At the number-one position was Gotye's "Somebody That I Used to Know" featuring Kimbra, which stayed atop the Hot 100 for eight consecutive weeks.


title: KRS-One

text: Lawrence "Kris" Parker (born August 20, 1965), better known by his stage names KRS-One (; an abbreviation of "Knowledge Reigns Supreme Over Nearly Everyone") and Teacha, is an American rapper, singer, lyricist and occasional record producer from New York City. He rose to prominence as part of the hip hop group Boogie Down Productions, which he formed with DJ Scott La Rock in the mid-1980s. KRS-One is known for his songs, "Sound of da Police", "Love's Gonna Get'cha (Material Love)", and "My Philosophy". Boogie Down Productions received numerous awards and critical acclaim in their early years. Following the release of the group's debut album, "Criminal Minded", fellow artist Scott La Rock was shot and killed, but KRS-One continued the group, effectively as a solo project. He began releasing records under his own name in 1993. He is politically active, having started the Stop the Violence Movement after Scott's death. He is also a vegan activist, expressed in songs such as "Beef". He is widely considered an influence on many hip-hop artists.


title: KRS-One

text: Lawrence Parker was born in the New York City borough of Brooklyn in 1965 to an American mother. His father is reported to be from the island of Trinidad, and his step-father was Jamaican. At age 16, he left home to become an MC, and began living at a homeless shelter in the South Bronx where he was dubbed "Krishna" by the residents due to his curiosity in the Hare Krishna spirituality of some of the anti-poverty workers. During his stay at the community shelter he encountered youth counselor Scott Sterling a.k.a. DJ Scott La Rock and there began a DJ/MC relationship. He also engaged in the street art activity graffiti under the alias KRS-One (Knowledge Reigns Supreme Over Nearly Everyone). Together he and Sterling created Boogie Down Productions, releasing their debut album, "Criminal Minded", in 1987.


title: KRS-One

text: KRS-One began his recording career as one third of the hip hop group Boogie Down Productions, or BDP, alongside DJ Scott La Rock and Derrick "D-Nice" Jones. Additionally, KRS-One had taken offense to "The Bridge", a song by Marley Marl's protege, MC Shan (KRS-One later reconciled with Marley Marl, producing an album with him in 2007 titled Hip Hop Lives). The song could be interpreted as a claim that Queensbridge was the monument of hip-hop, though MC Shan has repeatedly denied this claim. Still, KRS-One "dissed" the song with the BDP record "South Bronx". A second round of volleys ensued with Shan's "Kill That Noise" and BDP's "The Bridge Is Over". KRS-One, demonstrating his nickname "The Blastmaster", gave a live performance against MC Shan, and many conceded he had won the battle. Many believe this live performance to be the first MC battle where rappers attack each other, instead of a battle between who can get the crowd more hyped.


title: KRS-One

text: Parker and Sterling decided to form a rap group together, initially calling themselves "Scott La Rock and the Celebrity Three". That was short-lived, however, as the two peripheral members quit, leaving Parker (now calling himself KRS-One) and Sterling. They then decided to call themselves "Boogie Down Productions". "Success is the Word", a 12-inch single produced by David Kenneth Eng and Kenny Beck, was released on indie Fresh/Sleeping Bag Records (under the group name "12:41") but did not enjoy commercial success.


title: KRS-One

text: Boogie Down Productions released their debut album "Criminal Minded" in 1987. Scott La Rock was killed in a shooting later that year, after attempting to mediate a dispute between teenager and BDP member D-Nice and local hoodlums.


title: KRS-One

text: During this time KRS-One also gained acclaim as one of the first MCs to incorporate Jamaican style into hip-hop, using the Zung gu zung melody, originally made famous by Yellowman in Jamaican dance halls earlier in the decade. While KRS-One used Zunguzung styles in a more powerful and controversial manner, especially in his song titled "Remix for P is Free", he can still be credited as one of the more influential figures to bridge the gap between Jamaican music and American hip-hop.


title: KRS-One

text: Following the fatal shooting of Scott La Rock in 1987, KRS was determined to continue Boogie Down Productions through the tragedy, releasing the album "By All Means Necessary" in 1988. He was joined by beatboxer D-Nice, rapper Ramona "Ms. Melodie" Parker (whose marriage to Kris would last from 1988 to 1992), and Kris's younger brother DJ Kenny Parker, among others. However, Boogie Down Productions would remain KRS' show, and the group's content would become increasingly political through the subsequent releases "", "Edutainment", "Live Hardcore Worldwide" and "Sex and Violence".


title: KRS-One

text: KRS-One was the primary initiator behind the "H.E.A.L." compilation and the Stop the Violence Movement; for the latter he would attract many prominent emcees to appear on the 12-inch single "Self Destruction". As KRS adopted this "humanist", less defensive approach, he turned away from his "Blastmaster" persona and towards that of "The Teacha", although he has constantly used "Blastmaster" throughout his career.


title: KRS-One

text: After five largely solo albums under the name "Boogie Down Productions", KRS-One decided to set out on his own. On his first solo album, 1993's "Return of the Boom Bap", he worked together with producers DJ Premier, Kid Capri and Showbiz, the latter providing the track "Sound of da Police". His second album, 1995's "KRS-One", featured Channel Live on "Free Mumia", a song in which they criticize Civil Rights activist C. Delores Tucker among others. Other prominent guest stars on "KRS-One" included Mad Lion, Busta Rhymes, Das EFX and Fat Joe.


title: KRS-One

text: In 1991, KRS-One appeared on the alternative rock group R.E.M.'s single "Radio Song", which appeared on the band's album "Out of Time", released the same year.


title: KRS-One

text: In 1992, Bradley Nowell from Sublime featured an acoustic song named "KRS-One" with his voice and DJ's samples.


title: KRS-One

text: In 1995, KRS organized a group called Channel Live, whose album "Station Identification" he produced most of, along with Rheji Burrell and Salaam Remi.


title: KRS-One

text: In 1997, KRS surprised many with his release of the album "I Got Next". The album's lead single, "Step into a World (Rapture's Delight)", containing an interpolation of punk and new wave group Blondie, was accompanied by a remix featuring commercial rap icon Puff Daddy; another track was essentially a rock song. While the record would be his best-selling solo album (reaching #3 on the "Billboard" 200), such collaborations with notably mainstream artists and prominent, easily recognizable samples took many fans and observers of the vehemently anti-mainstream KRS-One by surprise.


title: KRS-One

text: In August 1997, in an appearance on Tim Westwood's BBC Radio 1, KRS-One criticized the station for not playing underground hip hop while also crediting Westwood for his promotion of hip hop over time. KRS-One said that Jive Records and Radio 1 did not support him, but finished by saluting Westwood with "you know you're my man".


title: KRS-One

text: In 1999, there were tentative plans to release "Maximum Strength"; a lead single, "5 Boroughs", was released on "The Corruptor" soundtrack. However, KRS apparently decided to abort the album's planned release, just as he had secured a position as a Vice-President of A&R at Reprise Records. The shelved album was again scheduled to be released in 2008, but ultimately an unrelated album entitled "Maximum Strength 2008" was released in its place. He moved to southern California, and stayed there for two years, ending his relationship with Jive Records with "A Retrospective" in 2000.


title: KRS-One

text: In 2000, KRS-One and DJ Tomekk made a video for their single "Return of Hip-Hop" with German rappers Torch and MC Rene, in which hip-hop was revived by hospital staff. The song stayed in the German charts for nine weeks.


title: KRS-One

text: KRS resigned from his A&R position at Reprise in 2001, and returned to recording with a string of albums, beginning with 2001's "The Sneak Attack" on Koch Records. In 2002, he released a gospel-rap album, "Spiritual Minded", surprising many longtime fans; he had once denounced Christianity as a "slavemaster religion" which African-Americans should not follow. During this period, KRS founded the Temple of Hiphop, an organization to preserve and promote "Hiphop Kulture". Subsequent releases included 2003's "Kristyles" and "D.I.G.I.T.A.L.", 2004's "Keep Right", and 2006's "Life".


title: KRS-One

text: The only latter-day KRS-One album to gain any significant attention has been "Hip-Hop Lives", his 2007 collaboration with fellow hip hop veteran Marley Marl, partly attributed to The Bridge Wars between the pair, but also the title's apparent response to Nas' 2006 release "Hip-Hop Is Dead". While many critics have commented they would have been more excited had this collaboration occurred twenty years earlier, the album was met with positive reviews.


title: KRS-One

text: KRS-One has collaborated with other artists including Canadian rap group Hellafactz, Jay-Roc N' Jakebeatz and New York producer Domingo. He and Domingo publicly squashed their beef, which started over financial issues, and released a digital single on iTunes on November 25. The single, titled "Radio", also featured Utah up and comer Eneeone and is dedicated to underground MCs that don't get the radio airplay they deserve. In 2009 KRS-One guest-starred on several albums, including "Arts & Entertainment" on the song "Pass the Mic" by fellow hip hop veterans Masta Ace and Ed O.G. KRS-One also featured on the posse cut "Mega Fresh X" by Cormega (alongside DJ Red Alert, Parrish Smith, Grand Puba, and Big Daddy Kane) on his album "Born and Raised".


title: KRS-One

text: KRS-One and Buckshot announced that they would be collaborating on an album set to be released in 2009. The first single, "ROBOT", was released on May 5, 2009. The music video was directed by Todd Angkasuwan and debuted as the New Joint of the Day on 106 & Park on September 4, 2009. The album itself, called "Survival Skills", leaked on the Internet on September 9, 2009, and the album was officially released on September 15, 2009. It debuted at #62, making it onto the "Billboard" 200. It sold around 8,500 copies its first week and was met with generally positive reviews. Steve Juon of RapReviews.com gave the album a flawless 10 out of 10, claiming, "Buckshot and KRS have achieved something rather remarkable here – an album I can't find a single fault with. There's not a bad beat, there's not a whack rhyme, there's not a collaborator on a track that missed the mark, and the disc itself is neither too short nor too long."


title: KRS-One

text: In 2010 KRS-One was honored, along with Buckshot, by artists Ruste Juxx, Torae & Skyzoo, Sha Stimuli, Promise, J.A.M.E.S. Watts and Team Facelift, on their mixtape "Survival Kit", an ode to the 2009 album "Survival Skills". The mixtape was released for free download on DuckDown.com. The album features new version of KRS classics "South Bronx", "Sound of da Police" and "MC's Act Like They Don't Know", as well as new versions of well-known Buckshot songs and "Past Present Future" from the "Survival Skills" album. The MC Fashawn said in his verse on "MC's Act Like They Don't Know", "I did it to make Kris smile / I figured he'd appreciate it".


title: KRS-One

text: KRS-One was featured as the voice of Chris Cringle in Nike's Most Valuable Puppets commercials. KRS-One performed in May 2010 at SUNY New Paltz at their annual "Rock Against Racism" concert. He narrated the 2011 film "Rhyme and Punishment", a documentary about hip-hop artists who have done jail time. The same year, KRS-One was featured in the title song for the film "". The song is entitled "Hip Hop Nation", and features K'naan and Lina. It was produced for the film by Frank Fitzpatrick.


title: KRS-One

text: In 2012, KRS-One toured Australia for the first time. He travelled there by cruise ship, as he hates flying.


title: KRS-One

text: The Stop the Violence Movement was formed by KRS-One in 1988/1989 in response to violence in the hip hop and black communities.


title: KRS-One

text: During a concert by Boogie Down Productions and Public Enemy, a young fan was killed in a fight. Coming soon after the shooting death of his friend and fellow BDP member Scott La Rock, KRS-One was galvanized into action and formed the Stop the Violence Movement. Composed of some of the biggest stars in contemporary East Coast hip hop, the movement released a single, "Self Destruction", in 1989, with all proceeds going to the National Urban League. A music video was created, and a VHS cassette entitled "Overcoming Self-Destruction – The Making of the Self-Destruction Video" was also released.


title: KRS-One

text: "Self-Destruction" was produced by KRS-One and D-Nice of Boogie Down Productions (Hank Shocklee of The Bomb Squad is credited as an associate producer).


title: KRS-One

text: The Temple of Hip Hop is a ministry, archive, school, and society (M.A.S.S.) founded by KRS-One. Its goal is to maintain and promote Hip Hop Kulture.


title: KRS-One

text: The Temple of Hip Hop maintains that hip hop is a genuine political movement, religion, and culture. It calls on all fans to celebrate Hip Hop Appreciation Week on the third week of May each year. It encourages DJs and MCs to teach people about the culture of hip hop and to write more socially conscious songs, and radio stations to play more socially conscious hip hop.


title: KRS-One

text: In 2004, KRS said during a panel discussion hosted by "The New Yorker" magazine that "we cheered when 9/11 happened". His comment was criticized by many sources, including the "New York Daily News", which called him an "anarchist" and said that "If Osama bin Laden ever buys a rap album, he'll probably start with a CD by KRS-One."


title: KRS-One

text: In late 2005, KRS was featured alongside Public Enemy's Chuck D on the remix of the song "Bin Laden" by Immortal Technique and DJ Green Lantern, which blames American neo-conservatives, the Reagan Doctrine, and U.S. President George W. Bush for the World Trade Center attacks, and indicates a parallel to the devaluation, destruction, and violence of urban housing project communities.


title: KRS-One

text: On April 29, 2007, KRS-One again defended his statements on the September 11 attacks when asked about them during an appearance on "Hannity's America" on the Fox News network. He stated that he meant that people cheered that the establishment had taken a hit, not that people were dying or had died. He also discussed, among other things, the Don Imus scandal and the use of profanity in hip-hop.


title: KRS-One

text: I'm suggesting that in 100 years, this book will be a new religion on the earth ... I think I have the authority to approach God directly, I don't have to go through any religion [or] train of thought. I can approach God directly myself and so I wrote a book called The Gospel of Hip Hop to free from all this nonsense garbage right now. I respect the Christianity, the Islam, the Judaism but their time is up.


title: KRS-One

text: These comments have been referred to by numerous media outlets such as The A.V. Club, which commented that "KRS-One writes 600-page hip-hop bible; blueprint for rap religion", and "KRS-One has never been afraid to court controversy and provoke strong reactions. Now the Boogie Down Productions legend has topped himself by writing "The Gospel of Hip Hop: The First Instrument", a mammoth treatise on the spirituality of hip-hop he hopes will some day become a sacred text of a new hip-hop religion".


title: KRS-One

text: KRS-One's step-son (Randy Parker) was found dead in his Atlanta, Georgia, apartment on July 6, 2007. The Medical Examiner's office stated that Parker had died of a gunshot wound to the head, and listed the cause of death as suicide.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Sofi Tukker (stylized in all caps) is a musical duo based in Florida consisting of Sophie Hawley-Weld and Tucker Halpern. They are best known for their songs "Drinkee", "Best Friend", and "Purple Hat". "Best Friend" was featured in a commercial during Apple's unveiling of the iPhone X, while "Drinkee" was nominated for a Grammy at the 2017 Grammy Awards. In December 2018, their album "Treehouse" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Dance/Electronic Album.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Sophie Hawley-Weld was born in Frankfurt, Germany, but grew up in rural Canada and Atlanta. She then attended United World College of the Adriatic, a UWC in Duino, Italy.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Tucker Halpern was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. Growing up, he was a basketball player who was recruited by major Division I basketball schools, ending up at Brown University where he played three years and was the captain for a year. Due to an illness, he changed his career, started DJing and concentrated on making music.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Halpern and Hawley-Weld first met at Brown University in 2014 at an art gallery where Hawley-Weld was performing. Halpern approached her and they began writing and performing songs together.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Sofi Tukker released an EP, "Soft Animals" on July 8, 2016. The EP includes "Drinkee", "Matadora", "Awoo", "Déjà Vu Affair", "Moon Tattoo", and "Hey Lion". The title comes from a Mary Oliver poem ("You only have to let the soft animal of your body love what it loves").


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Their song "Drinkee" from the "Soft Animals" EP was nominated for a 2017 Grammy for Best Dance Recording. "Drinkee" is adapted from a poem written by the Brazilian poet, Chacal, sung sensually amidst cowbells, bongos, electric guitars and deep driving bass. Their song "Drinkee" is featured in "The Incredible Jessica James".


title: Sofi Tukker

text: On April 24, 2020, Australian radio station Triple J premiered a new song created by the duo titled "When The Rona's Over", as part of a COVID-19 self-isolation musical challenge nicknamed Quarantune.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Sofi Tukker began DJing while sheltering at home due to the COVID-19 outbreak, reaching already 400 performances on April 19, 2021. Along the way, the show was expanded to Twitch, Facebook, Discord, Instagram Live. A social media-connected community of fans, known as the "Freak Fam", have even formed their own channels and held Zoom dance parties during the livestream.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: In February 2022, Sofi Tukker debuted "Original Sin", the first single from their upcoming second album "Wet Tennis".


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Their song "Johny" is featured in EA Sports' "FIFA 17", and was adapted from a poem by Brazilian poet Paulo Leminski.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Their 2017 song "Best Friend" was played during the iPhone X full commercial reveal at the Apple Event on September 12, 2017. It is also included in the football game "FIFA 18", the second straight year that a song of theirs has been included on the soundtrack of "FIFA". It is also playing in the club scene in the 2018 movie "Ocean's Eight", as well as during "The Block" Season 17 Episode 32 'Living & Dinings Continue'.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: The clean version of their song "Batshit", titled "That's It (I'm Crazy)", was featured in a TV commercial for Apple promoting their special edition iPhone 8 RED smartphone in 2018.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: Both "Best Friend" and "Batshit" were featured the episode "Robert Diaz (No. 15)" (season 6, episode 22) of the TV series "The Blacklist".


title: Sofi Tukker

text: On June 28, 2018, they collaborated with Italian DJ Benny Benassi for the single "Everybody Needs a Kiss", and on September 14, 2018, they released a remix of "Energia" with Brazilian singer Pabllo Vittar.


title: Sofi Tukker

text: "Swing" is featured in EA Sports' "FIFA 20" and "Need for Speed Heat". which also features "Playa Grande" and "Mi Rumba".`


title: Sofi Tukker

text: "Paste" magazine described the band's release as "an insatiable dance collection of jungle-pop songs with many well-executed nods towards Brazilian instruments, poets and to the national language, Portuguese". The magazine's review referred to the "carefully conceptualized 'Matadora'" as "the album's show-stopper".


title: Sofi Tukker

text: "Slant Magazine" said of their album "Treehouse", "the songs on Sofi Tukker's "Treehouse" are alternately playful and sincere, intimate and global." "Though Sofi Tukker's mélange of disparate sounds and influences—bossa-nova rhythms, cowbells, castanets, and spaghetti-western guitars—lends "Treehouse" an air of worldly sophistication, Hawley-Weld and Halpern never take themselves or their music too seriously. But that doesn't mean we shouldn't."


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: ' (; Japanese: ' (); Korean: ' (); Vietnamese: ngũ hành" (五行)), usually translated as Five Phases or Five Agents"', is a fivefold conceptual scheme that many traditional Chinese fields used to explain a wide array of phenomena, from cosmic cycles to the interaction between internal organs, and from the succession of political regimes to the properties of medicinal drugs. The "Five Phases" are Fire (), Water (), Wood (), Metal or Gold (), and Earth or Soil (). This order of presentation is known as the "Days of the Week" sequence. In the order of "mutual generation" (), they are Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. In the order of "mutual overcoming" (), they are Wood, Earth, Water, Fire, and Metal.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: The system of five phases was used for describing interactions and relationships between phenomena. After it came to maturity in the second or first century BCE during the Han dynasty, this device was employed in many fields of early Chinese thought, including seemingly disparate fields such as Yi jing divination, alchemy, feng shui, astrology, traditional Chinese medicine, music, military strategy, and martial arts. Although often translated as the Five Elements in comparison to Classical elements of the ancient Mediterranean world, the Wuxing were conceived primarily as cosmic agents of change rather than a means to describe natural substances.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: "Xíng" () of "wǔxíng" () means moving; a planet is called a 'moving star' ( "xíngxīng") in Chinese. Wǔxíng originally refers to the five major planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Mars, Venus) that create five dimensions of earth life. "Wǔxíng" is also widely translated as "Five Elements" and this is used extensively by many including practitioners of Five Element acupuncture. This translation arose by false analogy with the Western system of the four elements. Whereas the classical Greek elements were concerned with substances or natural qualities, the Chinese "xíng" are "primarily concerned with process and change," hence the common translation as "phases" or "agents". By the same token, "Mù" is thought of as "Tree" rather than "Wood". The word "element" is thus used within the context of Chinese medicine with a different meaning to its usual meaning.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: It should be recognized that the word "phase", although commonly preferred, is not perfect. "Phase" is a better translation for the five "seasons" ( "wǔyùn") mentioned below, and so "agents" or "processes" might be preferred for the primary term "xíng". Manfred Porkert attempts to resolve this by using "Evolutive Phase" for "wǔxíng" and "Circuit Phase" for "wǔyùn", but these terms are unwieldy.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: Some of the Mawangdui Silk Texts (no later than 168 BC) also present the "wǔxíng" as "five virtues" or types of activities. Within Chinese medicine texts the "wǔxíng" are also referred to as "wǔyǔn" () or a combination of the two characters ( wǔxíngyǔn) these emphasise the correspondence of five elements to five 'seasons' (four seasons plus one). Another tradition refers to the "wǔxíng" as "wǔdé" (), the .


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: The doctrine of five phases describes two cycles, a generating or creation ( "shēng") cycle, also known as "mother-son", and an overcoming or destruction ( "kè") cycle, also known as "grandfather-grandson", of interactions between the phases. Within Chinese medicine the effects of these two main relations are further elaborated:


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: Common verbs for the "shēng" cycle include "generate", "create" or "strengthens", as well as "grow" or "promote". The phase interactions in the "shēng" cycle are:


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: A deficient "shēng" cycle is called the "xiè" cycle and is the reverse of the "shēng" cycle. Common verbs for the "xiè" include "weaken", "drain", "diminish" or "exhaust". The phase interactions in the "xiè" cycle are:


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: Common verbs for the "kè" cycle include "controls", "restrains" and "fathers", as well as "overcome" or "regulate". The phase interactions in the "kè" cycle are:


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: An excessive "kè" cycle is called the "chéng" cycle. Common verbs for the "chéng" cycle include "restrict", "overwhelm", "dominate" or "destroy". The phase interactions in the "chéng" cycle are:


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: A deficient "kè" cycle is called the "wǔ" cycle and is the reverse of the "kè" cycle. Common verbs for the "wǔ" cycle can include "insult" or "harm". The phase interactions in the "wǔ" cycle are:


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: In Ziwei, "neiyin" () or the method of divination is the further classification of the Five Elements into 60 "ming" (), or life orders, based on the ganzhi. Similar to the astrology zodiac, the ming is used by fortune-tellers to analyse a person's personality and future fate.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: The five phases are around 73 days each and are usually used to describe the transformations of nature rather than their formative states.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: According to wuxing theory, the structure of the cosmos mirrors the five phases. Each phase has a complex series of associations with different aspects of nature, as can be seen in the following table. In the ancient Chinese form of geomancy, known as Feng Shui, practitioners all based their art and system on the five phases (wuxing). All of these phases are represented within the trigrams. Associated with these phases are colors, seasons and shapes; all of which are interacting with each other.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: Based on a particular directional energy flow from one phase to the next, the interaction can be expansive, destructive, or exhaustive. A proper knowledge of each aspect of energy flow will enable the Feng Shui practitioner to apply certain cures or rearrangement of energy in a way they believe to be beneficial for the receiver of the Feng Shui Treatment.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: According to the Warring States period political philosopher Zou Yan (c. 305–240 BCE), each of the five elements possesses a personified "virtue" ("de" ), which indicates the foreordained destiny ("yun" ) of a dynasty; accordingly, the cyclic succession of the elements also indicates dynastic transitions. Zou Yan claims that the Mandate of Heaven sanctions the legitimacy of a dynasty by sending self-manifesting auspicious signs in the ritual color (yellow, blue, white, red, and black) that matches the element of the new dynasty (Earth, Wood, Metal, Fire, and Water). From the Qin dynasty onward, most Chinese dynasties invoked the theory of the Five Elements to legitimize their reign.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: The interdependence of zang-fu networks in the body was said to be a circle of five things, and so mapped by the Chinese doctors onto the five phases.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: In order to explain the integrity and complexity of the human body, Chinese medical scientists and physicians use the Five Elements theory to classify the human body's endogenous influences on organs, physiological activities, pathological reactions, and environmental or exogenous influences. This diagnostic capacity is extensively used in traditional five phase acupuncture today, as opposed to the modern eight principles based Traditional Chinese medicine. Furthermore in combination the two systems are the study of postnatal and prenatal influencing on genetics, psychology and sociology.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: T'ai chi ch'uan uses the five elements to designate different directions, positions or footwork patterns. Either forward, backward, left, right and centre, or three steps forward (attack) and two steps back (retreat).


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: Wuxing heqidao, Gogyo Aikido (五行合气道) is an art form with its roots in Confucian, Taoists and Buddhist theory. This art is centralised around applied peace and health studies and not that of defence or material application. The unification of mind, body and environment is emphasised using the anatomy and physiological theory of yin, yang and five-element Traditional Chinese medicine. Its movements, exercises and teachings cultivate, direct and harmonise the Qi.


title: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

text: The Japanese term is "gogyo" (Japanese:五行, gogyō). During the 5th and 6th centuries (Kofun period), Japan adopted various philosophical disciplines such as Taoism, Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism through monks and physicians from China. In particular, "wuxing" was adapted into gogyo (). These theories have been extensively practiced in Japanese acupuncture and traditional Kampo medicine.


title: Michael Ansara

text: Michael George Ansara (April 15, 1922 – July 31, 2013) was an American actor. He portrayed Cochise in the television series "Broken Arrow", Kane in the 1979–1981 series "Buck Rogers in the 25th Century", Commander Kang in "", Deputy U.S. Marshal Sam Buckhart in the NBC series "Law of the Plainsman", and provided the voice for Mr. Freeze in "" and several of its spin-offs. Ansara received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in the television industry, located at 6666 Hollywood Boulevard.


title: Michael Ansara

text: Michael George Ansara was born in a small village in the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, and his family immigrated to the United States when he was two years old. He was of Greco Lebanese descent. They lived in Lowell, Massachusetts, for a decade before moving to California. He originally wanted to be a physician, but developed a passion for becoming a performer after he began taking acting classes at Pasadena Playhouse to overcome his shyness. He was educated at Los Angeles City College, from which Ansara earned an Associate of Arts degree. Ansara served as a medic in the army during World War II.


title: Michael Ansara

text: During the 1950s, Ansara appeared in several episodes of "Alfred Hitchcock Presents". He appeared in a 1951 episode of "The Lone Ranger" titled "Trouble at Black Rock." In 1953, he appeared as Pindarus in Joseph Mankiewicz' big screen adaptation of "Julius Caesar", with Marlon Brando, James Mason and John Gielgud. However, the popular television series "Broken Arrow" (1956), wherein he played the lead role of Cochise, raised Ansara's profile and made him a household name. While making the series, the 20th Century-Fox publicity department arranged a date between Ansara and actress Barbara Eden.


title: Michael Ansara

text: The two later married and Ansara guest-starred on Eden's sitcom "I Dream of Jeannie" as the Blue Djinn. He also played King Kamehameha in the "Jeannie" episode "The Battle of Waikīkī", and in the final season, he played Major Biff Jellico in the episode "My Sister, the Home Wrecker". Ansara and Eden divorced in 1974. The couple had one son together, actor Matthew Ansara, who died on June 25, 2001, of a heroin overdose.


title: Michael Ansara

text: Ansara starred in his own ABC-TV series, "Law of the Plainsman" (1959–1960), with Gina Gillespie and Robert Harland. He performed as an Apache Indian named Sam Buckhart, who had been appointed as a U.S. Marshal. The series began as an episode of "The Rifleman".


title: Michael Ansara

text: Ansara also played in Biblical epics: "The Robe" (1953) as Judas Iscariot, "The Ten Commandments" (1956) as a taskmaster (uncredited), and "The Greatest Story Ever Told" (1965) as Herod's commander. He also appeared as Belshazzar in Columbia's 1953 movie "Slaves of Babylon".


title: Michael Ansara

text: In 1961, Ansara played the role of Miguel Alvarez in the film "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea", co-starring with Barbara Eden and Walter Pidgeon, who played the role of Admiral Harriman Nelson. Ansara later appeared in an episode of the television series "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea", playing the rebel sub commander Captain Ruiz in "Killers of the Deep" (1966). He also appeared in the episode "Hot Line" (broadcast on November 9, 1964) as a Soviet scientist who disarms a defective Soviet atomic satellite that has crashed off the coast of California and he appeared as Carl in the episode "Night Visitors" of the NBC anthology series "The Barbara Stanwyck Show".In 1962, he starred in a Broadway show with the silent film actor Ramon Novarro.


title: Michael Ansara

text: In 1964, he made his only guest appearance on "Perry Mason" as Vince Kabat in "The Case of the Antic Angel." Also that year, he played the lead character of "Qarlo," the Soldier in an episode of "The Outer Limits". It opened the second season of shows on 19 September 1964 and was written by acclaimed fantasy writer and novelist Harlan Ellison, adapting it from his short story "Soldier from Tomorrow."


title: Michael Ansara

text: He starred in a supporting role in the 1965 Elvis Presley film, "Harum Scarum". His wife, Barbara Eden, had starred in an earlier Elvis film, 1960's "Flaming Star".


title: Michael Ansara

text: Ansara played the Ruler on episode 22, "The Challenge," of the television series "Lost in Space" (March 2, 1966) with a young Kurt Russell as his son Quano. Later that same year, Ansara appeared in the feature film "Texas Across the River" with Dean Martin. He also appeared on "Daniel Boone" as Red Sky in a 1966 episode. In another 1966 episode of that series, Ansara portrayed Sebastian Drake. He played two different characters in two episodes of the 1966 science fiction television series "The Time Tunnel", Colonel Hruda in episode #11 and the Curator in episode #28 .


title: Michael Ansara

text: Ansara continued appearing in guest starring roles on television, including "The Savage Street", a 1967 episode of the ABC action drama series "The Fugitive", "On a Clear Night You Can See Earth", a 1969 episode of the ABC-TV series "Land of the Giants", and "The Western", the penultimate episode of the original CBS television series "", which aired in 1973.


title: Michael Ansara

text: In 1976, Ansara starred in the movie "Mohammad, Messenger of God" (also titled "The Message"), about the origin of Islam and the message of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.


title: Michael Ansara

text: In 1978, he starred in the acclaimed miniseries "Centennial", based on the novel by James A. Michener. Ansara played the Indian leader Lame Beaver, whose descendants are showcased throughout the centuries alongside the growth of the West and the town that the novel and miniseries are named after.


title: Michael Ansara

text: Ansara played the recurring role of Killer Kane in the 1979–1980 season of "Buck Rogers in the 25th Century".


title: Michael Ansara

text: He narrated Paul Goble's "The Gift of the Sacred Dog" at Crow Agency, Montana, on June 17, 1983, and Sheila MacGill-Callahan's "And Still the Turtle Watched" on October 21, 1993, on the PBS series "Reading Rainbow".


title: Michael Ansara

text: In 1988, Ansara appeared in an episode of the television series "Murder, She Wrote" titled "The Last Flight of the Dixie Damsel".


title: Michael Ansara

text: In 1992, he voiced Mr. Freeze in the "" episode "", and won critical acclaim for his performance as the iconic villain. He went on to voice Mr. Freeze in the animated film "", an episode of both "The New Batman Adventures" and "Batman Beyond", and the video game "".


title: Michael Ansara

text: He is one of nine actors to play the same character (in his case the Klingon commander Kang) on three "Star Trek" television series – ("Day of the Dove"), "" ("") and "" ("").


title: Michael Ansara

text: On February 8, 1960, Ansara received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in the television industry, located at 6666 Hollywood Boulevard.


title: Michael Ansara

text: Ansara was married three times, first to actress Jean Byron in 1955; the couple divorced in 1956. In 1958, Ansara married Barbara Eden, who co-starred with him in Irwin Allen's "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea". The couple had a son, Matthew Ansara. Ansara and Eden divorced in 1974, and he married actress Beverly Kushida in 1977. On June 25, 2001, his son Matthew died from a drug overdose in Monrovia, California. Ansara was a Greek Orthodox Christian.


title: Michael Ansara

text: Ansara died from complications of Alzheimer's disease at his home in Calabasas on July 31, 2013, at the age of 91. His interment is at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles, next to his son Matthew.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Cabo San Lucas (, "Saint Luke Cape"), or simply Cabo, is a resort city at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. As at the 2020 Census, the population of the city was 202,694 inhabitants. Cabo San Lucas together with San José del Cabo are collectively known as Los Cabos. Together, they form a metropolitan area of 351,111 inhabitants.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Rated as one of Mexico's top five tourist destinations, Cabo is known for its beaches, scuba diving locations, Balnearios, the sea arch El Arco de Cabo San Lucas, and marine life. The Los Cabos Corridor has become a heavily trafficked vacation destination for tourists, with numerous resorts and timeshares along the coast between Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: The waters around Cabo are home to marine wildlife including rays, sharks, mahi-mahi (dorado), and striped marlin.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Archaeological excavations have shown evidence of continual human habitation in the area for at least 10,000 years. When the first Europeans arrived, they encountered the Pericú people, who survived on a subsistence diet based on hunting and gathering seeds, roots, shellfish, and other marine resources. They called the location "Yenecamú".


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: According to the narrative of Hatsutaro, a Japanese castaway, in the book "Kaigai Ibun" (written by Maekawa, Junzo, and Bunzo Sakai and narrated by Hatsutaro), when he arrived at Cabo San Lucas in May 1842, there were only two houses and about 20 inhabitants. However, American authors such as Henry Edwards and John Ross Browne claim that Cabo San Lucas's founder was an Englishman named Thomas "Old Tom" Ritchie. John Ross Browne says Ritchie arrived there about 1828, while Edwards says that he died in October 1874.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: The actual founder of Cabo San Lucas was Cipriano Ceseña in 1788 who arrived from Hermosillo, Sonora. Per The book by Pablo L. Martinez, Guia Familiar de Baja California 1700–1900.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: A fishing village began growing in the area. In 1917, an American company built a floating platform to catch tuna, and ten years later founded Compañía de Productos Marinos S.A. The plant operated for several years.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Cabo San Lucas has become a prominent vacation and spa destination, with a variety of sites of interest and timeshares that have been built on the coast between San Lucas and San José del Cabo. The distinctive Arco de Cabo San Lucas is a local landmark.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Cabo San Lucas has the highest-paying marlin tournament in the world, the Bisbee's Los Cabos Offshore. This tournament takes place every year in the month of October.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: In the winter, pods of whales can be observed in the area. They bear their calves in the warm waters of the Gulf of California after traveling up to from Alaska and Siberia.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: The beaches, surfing, and sport fishing opportunities in Cabo San Lucas have attracted a great number of Mexican natives and foreigners to spend their vacations in large-scale tourist developments. The development of Cabo's tourism industry was prompted by the Mexican government's development of infrastructure to turn Cabo San Lucas into a major centre for tourism in Mexico, beginning in 1974. Upon completion of the Transpeninsular Highway, also known as the Mexican Federal Highway 1, tourist developments in Los Cabos proceeded relatively unchecked.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Until fairly recently, the unique and fragile environment of this part of Mexico was largely unprotected by law, and therefore was subjected to developers acting in concert with government agencies interested only in low-end tourist bonanzas. There is, however, a growing collection of activists and attorneys now involved in preserving many of Baja's desert habitats, marine mammals, and stretches of coastline. A number of agencies, including the Gulf of California Conservation Fund and the Centre for Environmental Law in La Paz, are challenging the destruction of wetlands and other ecosystems from Los Cabos to Ensenada. In the face of a growing international public demand for corporate-driven ecological stewardship, higher-end resorts in the Los Cabos area are increasingly sensitive to their environmental impact and are taking initial steps to institute sustainable practices such as reducing water usage and non-recyclable trash output. In 2017, Los Cabos was projected to be one of the leaders in travel in Latin America, many of the developments owed to its increased accessibility with added plane routes from the US and Canada. It is expected that by 2018, 4,000 new sleeping rooms will come online in Cabo, and the increase in tourism will contribute to its growth as a leader in leisure.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: The town is also a popular port of call for many cruise ships. Cabo San Lucas has a small international airfield, which handles air traffic for general aviation flights and air taxi services.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Many tourists get around the area through the numerous local taxis that service the primary parts of Cabo, as well as the corridor and the airport. Another alternative is the bus system which is less expensive than taxis. It costs several pesos and it is mainly used by locals but also available to tourists. As of 2021, Uber is available as a means of transportation in the Los Cabos area.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Clubs in Cabo include the Cabo Wabo Cantina, a nightclub owned by rock star Sammy Hagar, founded originally by himself and other members of Van Halen, named after their hit single Cabo Wabo. There is also the Baja Brewing Company (also the first microbrewery in Baja California), La Vaquita, Mandala, Coco Bongo, El Squid Roe, Giggling Marlin, Nowhere Bar, and Tiki Bar, the Usual Suspects and the Jungle Bar. Restaurants in downtown Cabo include Edith's, Hacienda Cocina y Cantina, and Sunset da Mona Lisa. Tourists can also ride horses through the desert, and charter a boat for fishing, snorkeling, scuba, free diving, whale-watching, and parasail on the beach. The English-language newspaper for Cabo San Lucas, the biweekly "Gringo Gazette", has news on tourist activities in Cabo San Lucas, San Jose, Todos Santos, La Paz, and the East Cape Baja.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: High-end luxury resorts in the corridor are Las Ventanas al Paraiso (Rosewood Resort), Waldorf Astoria Pedregal, Chileno Bay Resort (Auberge Resort), Esperanza (Auberge Resort), One&Only Palmilla, and the Montage Los Cabos.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Other hotels in the corridor include the Cape (Thompson Hotel), Villas del Palmar (Villagroup Resorts & Spa), Marquis Los Cabos, Casa Dorada, Cabo del Sol, Breathless (AMResorts), Riu Baja California, Riu Santa Fe & Riu Palace, SUR, Grand Velas, Grand Solmar, Le Blanc, Garza Blanca & Villa La Valencia, Hilton Los Cabos, Pueblo Bonito Resorts, Solaz, and Sheraton, among many others.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Chileno Bay is one of the most frequented beaches in the Corridor. It is home to tropical fish, sea turtles, invertebrates, and sponges. Snorkelers often visit this beach to observe underwater sea life.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: The extreme south of Baja California has a tropical desert climate (Köppen: "BWh"). Even with the thermal amplitude, there are no freezes.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: During summer, Cabo San Lucas is cooler than San José del Cabo by about 1.5 to 3 °C (3 to 5 °F). Sometimes during the summer, when winds blow from the Pacific Ocean instead of the Gulf of California, the differences in temperatures between San José del Cabo and Cabo San Lucas are higher.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: Cabo San Lucas is less rainy than San José del Cabo, although hurricanes can bring heavy rain for long periods. Hurricane Odile made landfall at Cabo San Lucas on 14 September 2014, and caused widespread damage. Due to the position of the city and orography, local summer thunderstorms do not get near enough to bring rain to the town.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: As of 2015, the population was 81,111 and has experienced very rapid growth and development. It is the third-largest city in Baja California Sur after La Paz and San José del Cabo.


title: Cabo San Lucas

text: The majority of non-Mexican inhabitants in the community originate from the United States, and along with residents from San José del Cabo they account for 80% of the U.S. population in the state.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Phyllis Stewart Schlafly (; born Phyllis McAlpin Stewart; August 15, 1924 – September 5, 2016) was an American attorney, conservative activist, author, and anti-feminist spokesperson for the national conservative movement. She held paleoconservative social and political views, opposed feminism, gay rights and abortion, and successfully campaigned against ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: More than three million copies of her self-published book "A Choice Not an Echo" (1964), a polemic against Republican leader Nelson Rockefeller, were sold or distributed for free. Schlafly co-authored books on national defense and was critical of arms control agreements with the Soviet Union. In 1972, Schlafly founded the Eagle Forum, a conservative political interest group, and remained its chairwoman and CEO until her death in 2016 while staying active in conservative causes.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly was born Phyllis McAlpin Stewart and was raised in St. Louis. During the Great Depression, Schlafly's father John Bruce Stewart faced long-term unemployment, beginning in 1932. Her mother, Odile Stewart (née Dodge), went back to work as a librarian and a school teacher to support her family. Mrs. Stewart was able to keep the family afloat and maintained Phyllis in a Catholic girls' school. Before her marriage, Mrs. Stewart worked as a teacher at a private girls' school in St. Louis. Phyllis’ sole sibling was her younger sister, Odile Stewart (married name Mecker; 1930–2015). Phyllis attended college and graduate school at Washington University in St. Louis and Radcliffe College, respectively.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly's great-grandfather Stewart, a Presbyterian, emigrated from Scotland to New York in 1851 and moved westward through Canada before settling in Michigan. Her grandfather, Andrew F. Stewart, was a master mechanic with the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. Schlafly's father was a machinist and salesman of industrial equipment, principally for Westinghouse. He was granted a patent in 1944 for a rotary engine.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: She attended Maryville College, but after one year, transferred to Washington University in St. Louis. In 1944, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (where she was a member of Phi Beta Kappa). In 1945, she received a Master of Arts degree in government from Radcliffe College (for which the then all-male Harvard University was a coordinate institution). In "Strike From Space" (1965), Schlafly observed that during World War II, she worked as "a ballistics gunner and technician at the largest ammunition plant in the world". She earned a Juris Doctor degree from the Washington University School of Law in 1978.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In 1946, Schlafly became a researcher for the American Enterprise Institute and worked in the successful United States House of Representatives campaign of Republican Claude I. Bakewell.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: She played a major role with her husband in 1957 in writing the "American Bar Association's Report on Communist Tactics, Strategy, and Objectives." Donald T. Critchlow says it "became not only one of the most widely read documents ever produced by the ABA, it was probably the single most widely read publication of the grassroots anticommunist movement."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In 1952, Schlafly ran for Congress as a Republican in the majority Democratic 24th congressional district of Illinois and lost to Charles Melvin Price by 117,408 votes (64.80%) to 63,778 (35.20%). Schlafly's campaign was low-budget and promoted heavily through the local print media, and the major munitions manufacturers John M. Olin and Spencer Truman Olin, and the Texas oil billionaire H. L. Hunt.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: She attended her first Republican National Convention in 1952, and continued to attend each following convention. As part of the Illinois delegation of the 1952 Republican convention, Schlafly endorsed U.S. Senator Robert A. Taft to be the party nominee for the presidential election. At the 1960 Republican National Convention, Schlafly helped lead a revolt of "moral conservatives" who opposed Richard Nixon's stance "against segregation and discrimination." Schlafly was the Republican nominee for Illinois's 24th congressional district again in 1960, losing again to Price, this time by 144,560 votes (72.22%) to 55,620 (27.79%).


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: She came to national attention when millions of copies of her self-published book "A Choice Not an Echo" were distributed in support of Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign, especially in California's hotly fought winner-take-all-delegates GOP primary. In it, Schlafly denounced the Rockefeller Republicans in the Northeast, accusing them of corruption and globalism. Critics called the book a conspiracy theory about "secret kingmakers" controlling the Republican Party.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly had previously been a member of the John Birch Society, but quit, and later denied she had been a member because she feared her association with the organization would damage her book's reputation. By mutual agreement her books were not mentioned in the John Birch Society's magazine, and the distribution of her books by the society was handled so as to mask their involvement. The society was able to dispense 300,000 copies of "A Choice Not an Echo" in California prior to the June 2, 1964 GOP primary. Gardiner Johnson, Republican National Committee for California, stated that the distribution of her book in California was a major factor in Goldwater's winning the nomination.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In 1967, Schlafly lost a bid for the presidency of the National Federation of Republican Women against the more moderate candidate Gladys O'Donnell of California. Outgoing NFRW president and future United States Treasurer Dorothy Elston of Delaware worked against Schlafly in the campaign.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In 1970, she ran unsuccessfully for Illinois's 23rd congressional district, losing to Democratic incumbent George E. Shipley by 91,158 votes (53.97%) to 77,762 (46.04%). She never sought public office again.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: American feminists made their greatest bid for national attention at the 1977 National Women's Conference in Houston; however, historian Marjorie J. Spruill argues that the anti-feminists led by Schlafly organized a highly successful counter-conference, the Pro-Life, Pro-Family Rally, to protest the National Women's Conference and make it clear that feminists did not speak for them. At their rally at the Astro Arena they had an overflow of over 15,000 people, and announced the beginning of a pro-family movement to oppose politicians who had been supporting feminism and liberalism, and to promote "family values" in American politics, and so moved the Republican Party to the right and defeated the ratification of the ERA.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly became an outspoken opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) during the 1970s as the organizer of the "STOP ERA" campaign. STOP was a backronym for "Stop Taking Our Privileges". She argued that the ERA would take away gender-specific privileges currently enjoyed by women, including "dependent wife" benefits under Social Security, separate restrooms for males and females, and exemption from Selective Service (the military draft). She was opposed by groups such as the National Organization for Women (NOW) and the ERAmerica coalition. The Homemakers' Equal Rights Association was formed to counter Schlafly's campaign.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In 1972, when Schlafly began her campaign against the Equal Rights Amendment, the ERA had already been ratified by 28 of the required 38 states. Seven more states ratified the amendment after Schlafly began organizing opposition, but another five states rescinded their ratifications. The last state to ratify the ERA was Indiana, where State Senator Wayne Townsend cast the tie-breaking vote in January 1977. (Nevada, Illinois and Virginia ratified the ERA between 2017 and 2020, many years after the deadline to do so.)


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: The Equal Rights Amendment was narrowly defeated, having only achieved ratification in a total 35 states. Political scientist Jane J. Mansbridge concluded in her history of the ERA:


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Joan Williams argues, "ERA was defeated when Schlafly turned it into a war among women over gender roles." Historian Judith Glazer-Raymo argues:


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Critics of Schlafly viewed her advocacy against equal rights and her role as a working professional as a contradiction. Gloria Steinem and author Pia de Solenni, among others, considered it ironic that in Schlafly's role as an advocate for the full-time mother and wife, she herself was a lawyer, newsletter editor, touring speaker, and political activist.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In broadcast media, Schlafly provided commentaries on Chicago news radio station WBBM from 1973 to 1975, the "CBS Morning News" from 1974 to 1975, and then on CNN from 1980 to 1983. In 1983, she began creating syndicated daily 3-minute commentaries for radio. In 1989, she began hosting a weekly radio talk show, "Eagle Forum Live".


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly focused political opposition to the ERA in defense of traditional gender roles, such as only men fighting in war. She argued that the Equal Rights Amendment would eliminate the men-only draft and ensure that women would be equally subject to conscription and be required to serve in combat, and that defense of traditional gender roles proved a useful tactic. In Illinois, the anti-ERA activists used traditional symbols of the American housewife, and took homemade foods (bread, jams, apple pies, etc.) to the state legislators, with the slogans, "Preserve us from a congressional jam; Vote against the ERA sham" and "I am for Mom and apple pie."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: The historian Lisa Levenstein said that, in the late 1970s, the feminist movement briefly attempted a program to help older divorced and widowed women. Many widows were ineligible for Social Security benefits, few divorcees received alimony, and, after a career as a housewife, few had any work skills with which to enter the labor force. The program, however, encountered sharp criticism from young activists who gave priority to poor minority women rather than to middle-class women. By 1980, NOW downplayed the program, as they focused almost exclusively on ratification of the ERA. Schlafly moved into the political vacuum, and denounced the feminists for abandoning older, middle-class widows and divorcees in need, and warned that the ERA would unbalance the laws in favor of men, stripping legal protections that older women urgently needed.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly said that the ERA was designed for the benefit of young career women, and warned that if men and women had to be treated equally, that social condition would threaten the security of middle-aged housewives without job skills. She also contended that the ERA would repeal legal protections, such as alimony, and eliminate the judicial tendency for divorced mothers to receive custody of their children. Schlafly's argument that protective laws would be lost resonated with working-class women.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In November 1977, she was an opposition speaker at the 1977 National Women's Conference with Lottie Beth Hobbs, Dr. Mildred Jefferson, Nellie Gray, and R.K. Dornan.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly told "Time" magazine in 1978, "I have cancelled speeches whenever my husband thought that I had been away from home too much."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In March 2007, Schlafly spoke against the concept of marital rape in a speech at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, "By getting married, the woman has consented to sex, and I don't think you can call it rape."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In an interview on March 30, 2006, she attributed improvement in women's lives during the last decades of the 20th century to labor-saving devices such as the indoor clothes dryer and disposable diapers.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: She called "Roe v. Wade" "the worst decision in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court" and said that it "is responsible for the killing of millions of unborn babies".


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In 2007, while working to defeat a new version of the Equal Rights Amendment, Schlafly warned it would force courts to approve same-sex marriages and deny Social Security benefits for housewives and widows.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Over the years, Schlafly disdained the United Nations. On the 50th anniversary of the UN in 1995, she referred to it as "a cause for mourning, not celebration. It is a monument to foolish hopes, embarrassing compromises, betrayal of our servicemen, and a steady stream of insults to our nation. It is a Trojan Horse that carries the enemy into our midst and lures Americans to ride under alien insignia to fight and die in faraway lands." She opposed President Bill Clinton's decision in 1996 to send 20,000 American troops to Bosnia during the Yugoslav Wars. Schlafly observed that Balkan nations have fought one another for 500 years and argued that the U.S. military should not be "policemen" of world trouble spots.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Prior to the 1994 Congressional elections, Schlafly condemned globalization through the World Trade Organization as a "direct attack on American sovereignty, independence, jobs, and economy ... any country that must change its laws to obey rulings of a world organization has sacrificed its sovereignty."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In late 2006, Schlafly collaborated with Jerome Corsi and Howard Phillips to create a website in opposition to the idea of a "North American Union", under which the United States, Mexico, and Canada would share a currency and be integrated in a structure similar to the European Union.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: During the Cold War, Schlafly opposed arms control agreements with the Soviet Union. In 1961, she wrote that "[arms control] will not stop Red aggression any more than disarming our local police will stop murder, theft, and rape."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly was an outspoken critic of what she termed "activist judges", particularly on the Supreme Court. In 2005, Schlafly made headlines at a conference for the Judeo-Christian Council for Constitutional Restoration by suggesting that "Congress ought to talk about impeachment" of Justice Anthony Kennedy, citing as specific grounds Justice Kennedy's deciding vote to abolish the death penalty for minors.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In April 2010, shortly after John Paul Stevens announced his retirement as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, Schlafly called for the appointment of a military veteran to the Court. Stevens had been a veteran and, with his retirement, the court was "at risk of being left without a single military veteran."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly did not endorse a candidate for the 2008 Republican presidential nomination, but she spoke out against Mike Huckabee, who, she says, as governor left the Republican Party in Arkansas "in shambles". At the Eagle Forum, she hosted U.S. Representative Tom Tancredo of Colorado, known for his opposition to illegal immigration. Before his election, she criticized Barack Obama as "an elitist who worked with words".


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: During the election, she endorsed John McCain in an interview by saying: "Well, I'm a Republican, I'm supporting McCain". When asked about criticism of John McCain from Rush Limbaugh, she said: "Well, there are problems, we are trying to teach him".


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly endorsed Michele Bachmann in December 2011 for the Iowa caucus of the 2012 Republican presidential primaries, citing Bachmann's work against "ObamaCare" and deficit spending and Bachmann's support of "traditional values."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: On February 3, 2012, Schlafly announced that she would be voting for Rick Santorum in that year's Missouri Republican primary. In 2016, she endorsed Donald Trump's candidacy for president. The endorsement soon led to a breach in the Eagle Forum board. Schlafly broke with six dissident members, including her daughter, Anne Cori, and Cathie Adams, the former state chairman of the Texas Republican Party. Adams instead supported U.S. Senator Ted Cruz of Texas, Trump's principal challenger whom Adams considered a more conservative choice.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly's last book, "The Conservative Case for Trump", was published September 6, 2016, one day after her death.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly opposed same-sex marriage and civil unions: "[a]ttacks on the definition of marriage as the union of one man and one woman come from the gay lobby seeking social recognition of their lifestyle." Linking the Equal Rights Amendment to LGBT rights and same-sex marriage played a role in Schlafly's opposition to the ERA.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly believed the Republican Party should reject immigration reform proposals; she told "Focus Today" that it is a "great myth" that the GOP needs to reach out to Latinos in the United States. "The people the Republicans should reach out to are the white votes, the white voters who didn't vote in the last election. The propagandists are leading us down the wrong path ... [T]here's not any evidence at all that these Hispanics coming in from Mexico will vote Republican."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: On May 1, 2008, the trustees of Washington University in St. Louis, announced that Schlafly would receive an honorary degree at the graduation ceremony for the Class of 2008. This news was met with objection from some students and faculty, who complained she was anti-feminist and criticized her work in defeating the Equal Rights Amendment.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: In a letter, fourteen law professors complained Schlafly' career demonstrated "anti-intellectualism in pursuit of a political agenda."


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: While the trustees' honorary-degree committee unanimously approved who would be honored, five student-members of the committee complained, in writing, that they were required to vote for the five people to be honored, as a slate, rather than individually, and thought that the selection of Schlafly was a mistake, despite her prominence as a famous graduate of Washington University. In the days before the graduation ceremony, Washington University Chancellor Mark S. Wrighton explained the trustees' decision to award Schlafly an honorary degree with the following statement of disclaimer:In bestowing this degree, the University is not endorsing Mrs. Schlafly's views or opinions; rather, it is recognizing an alumna of the University whose life and work have had a broad impact on American life and have sparked widespread debate and controversies that in many cases have helped people better formulate and articulate their own views about the values they hold.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: At the May 16, 2008, commencement ceremony, Schlafly was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters, yet faculty and students protested to rescind Schlafly's honorary degree. During the ceremony, hundreds of the 14,000 people in attendance, including one-third of the graduating class and some faculty, silently stood and turned their backs to Schlafly in protest. In the days before the commencement there were protests regarding the awarding of an honorary degree; Schlafly described the protesters as "a bunch of losers". Moreover, after the ceremony, Schlafly said that the protesters were "juvenile" and "I'm not sure they're mature enough to graduate." As planned, Schlafly did not address the graduating class, nor did any other honored guest, except for the commencement speaker, news commentator Chris Matthews of MSNBC.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: On October 20, 1949, she married attorney John Fred Schlafly Jr., a member of a wealthy St. Louis family; he died in 1993. His grandfather, August, immigrated in 1854 from Switzerland. In the late 1870s, the three brothers founded the firm of Schlafly Bros., which dealt in groceries, Queensware (dishes made by Wedgwood), hardware, and agricultural implements. Fred and Phyllis Schlafly were both active Catholics. They linked Catholicism to Americanism and often exhorted Catholics to join the anti-communist crusade.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Fred and Phyllis Schlafly moved across the Mississippi River to Alton, Illinois, and had six children: John, Bruce, Roger, Liza, Andrew, and Anne. When her husband died in 1993, she moved to Ladue, Missouri. In 1992, their eldest son, John, was outed as gay by "Queer Week" magazine. Schlafly acknowledged that John is gay, but stated that he embraces his mother's views. Andrew is also a lawyer and activist, and created the wiki-based Conservapedia. Anne married the only child of Nobel-winning scientists Carl and Gerty Cori.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly was the aunt of conservative anti-feminist author Suzanne Venker; together they wrote "The Flipside of Feminism: What Conservative Women Know — and Men Can't Say".


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Schlafly was the author of 26 books on subjects ranging from child care to phonics education. She wrote a syndicated weekly newspaper column for Creators Syndicate.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: Phyllis Schlafly is mentioned extensively in the 7th episode of the 3rd season of the comedy TV series "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel", titled "Marvelous Radio". Set in 1960, the episode sees Midge (Rachel Brosnahan) agreeing to participate in a live radio commercial for Schlafly. Initially, Midge is enthusiastic towards the prospect of supporting a woman running for Congress. However, after learning about her views, which are portrayed as ultra-conservative and antisemitic, she changes her mind and refuses to speak her part, while already at the recording studio with the broadcast about to start.


title: Phyllis Schlafly

text: The FX miniseries "Mrs. America" also partially focuses on Schlafly's life and activism, with Cate Blanchett portraying Schlafly. Though some praise the series for its accuracy, Schlafly's family members, among other critics, dispute the accuracy of several accounts in the series.


title: Josh Dun

text: Joshua William Dun (born June 18, 1988) is an American musician. He is best known as the drummer of the musical duo Twenty One Pilots, alongside Tyler Joseph, and also contributes backing vocals and trumpet to the band's work. He has collaborated with a variety of different artists.


title: Josh Dun

text: Joshua William Dun was born in Columbus, Ohio, on June 18, 1988, the son of hospice social worker Laura Lee Dun (née McCollum) and physical therapy assistant William Earl "Bill" Dun. He has two sisters and a brother. His great-great-great-grandparents were the American rancher Edwin Dun, who worked as an agricultural advisor to Japan, and his Japanese wife Tsuru. He mainly listened to punk rock when he was growing up. His parents set strict rules on what music he could listen to, about which he later said, "I'd hide albums like Green Day's "Dookie" underneath my bed. Sometimes they'd find them and get real mad. They'd find a Christian alternative, like Relient K, and make me listen to that." He initially took trumpet lessons at school and then turned his attention to drums, teaching himself how to play. One method Dun references was imitating the beats of the records he'd buy on an electronic drum kit. He worked at Guitar Center for three years, where he met former Twenty One Pilots drummer Chris Salih, who eventually introduced him to future bandmate Tyler Joseph.


title: Josh Dun

text: In March 2010, Dun joined House of Heroes after the band's drummer, Colin Rigsby, took a break to spend more time with his family. In Rigby's place, Dun played the drums for many tracks on the band's album "Suburba". Dun also makes an appearance in the music video for the single "God Save the Foolish Kings", and provides a vocal cameo as well. He also took part in House of Heroes' live tour until October, when Rigsby returned to his duties.


title: Josh Dun

text: After quitting his job at Guitar Center, Dun planned to leave for Nashville, Tennessee in pursuit of a drum career in the industry; however, he was stopped by Twenty One Pilots drummer Chris Salih, who offered him his role. He went on to play a show with Tyler Joseph after Salih and bassist Nick Thomas left the group due to busy schedules. They played one song before police officers showed up and cancelled the show. Dun subsequently became the band's full-time drummer.


title: Josh Dun

text: As a duo Twenty One Pilots released the band's second studio album, "Regional at Best", on July 8, 2011 and signed with record label Fueled by Ramen, a subsidiary of Atlantic Records in April 2012.


title: Josh Dun

text: Twenty One Pilots' third studio album, "Vessel", was released on January 8, 2013 through Fueled by Ramen.


title: Josh Dun

text: The band's fourth studio album, "Blurryface", was released on May 17, 2015, two days ahead of its intended release date. At this point in Twenty One Pilots' career, the band had topped the charts with their hit single "Stressed Out" – the song's music video being filmed at Dun's childhood home, and has since received over 2.6 billion views on YouTube.


title: Josh Dun

text: Their fifth studio album, "Trench", was released on October 5, 2018. The album was the first release of the newly revived Elektra Music Group.


title: Josh Dun

text: On April 9, 2020, the duo released a new single "Level of Concern". The song's lyrics reference the anxiety and worry during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the accompanying music video for the track was filmed in both Joseph and Dun's respective homes while they were under lockdown due to the U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Josh Dun

text: On December 8, 2020, Twenty One Pilots released a Christmas song, titled "Christmas Saves the Year", during a Twitch livestream hosted by Tyler Joseph.


title: Josh Dun

text: The duo's sixth studio album, "Scaled and Icy", was released on May 21, 2021. The name of the record was revealed alongside a logo, which read "Shy Away". The lead single of the album, named "Shy Away", was released on April 7, 2021, alongside a music video for the track which was uploaded onto the duo's YouTube channel the same day.