title: F.C. Copenhagen

text: FCK owns its stadium, the national arena Parken Stadium. It was built in 1992, the same year the club was founded. Until the stadium opened (as Parken) in September 1992, the club played its first home matches at the smaller Østerbro Stadion, which is located adjacent to Parken. Parken has 38,065 seats, 4,000 fewer seats than the original capacity of 42,305.


title: F.C. Copenhagen

text: After 2000, the club has regularly attracted one of the highest attendances in Scandinavia. The official fan club, F.C. København Fan Club has more than 20,000 members. "FCKFC" was founded on 24 October 1991, approximately half a year before FCK played its first match. Furthermore, there are many unofficial "factions" connected to Copenhagen, the biggest being "Urban Crew", "Copenhagen Cooligans" and "Copenhagen Casuals". These are also reported to have friendships with factions from Hamburger SV, Rangers, IFK Helsinki and Helsingborgs IF. For the 2006–07 season, there were 23,795 spectators on average. For many years, the lower part of the "C-stand" at Parken, "Nedre C", has been the main stand for the supporters of FCK. In 2006, a part of the lower "B-stand" was made a separate fan section for the fans who wanted to create more of an atmosphere and named "Sektion 12". In general, most of FCK's supporters are from, and live, in the Copenhagen area, unlike their rivals, Brøndby IF, who have a reported 57% of their fanbase coming from Jutland. The area Sektion 12 on the lower "B-stand" grew so popular that the fans in a dialogue with the club made it bigger. That meant that the former family-area in the stadium in the other part of the "B-stand" got the whole new area called the "D-stand". The Sektion 12 area on the whole lower "B-stand" grew more and more popular which meant that the fans had a new dialogue with the club. That dialogue went well for the supporters and the club supported the suggestion of making the upper "B-stand" the second part of Sektion 12. Sektion 12 on the whole "B-stand" is now Northern Europe's biggest active stand.


title: F.C. Copenhagen

text: Copenhagen's first competitive European match was on 16 September 1992, in the 1992–93 UEFA Cup, beating MP 10–1 before losing to AJ Auxerre in the second round. In their first ever UEFA Champions League group stage match, they beat Manchester United 1–0 at home, via a goal in the 73rd minute by Marcus Allbäck.


title: F.C. Copenhagen

text: Since then, the club has quickly become the most successful Danish team in European competition, reaching the group stage of the UEFA Champions League five times and advancing to the Round of 16 in 2010–11. They also reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Europa League in 2019–20 which they lost to Manchester United 1–0 in extra time.


title: F.C. Copenhagen

text: In 2014, 32,000 fans participated in a fan vote selecting their 11 all-time favourite Copenhagen players.


title: F.C. Copenhagen

text: There have been fifteen different coaches (permanent coaches and caretakers) of FC Copenhagen since 1992. One of the caretakers, Kim Brink, has coached the club during three separate tenures. The only non-Scandinavians to coach FCK are Roy Hodgson and Ariël Jacobs. The longest-running coach is Ståle Solbakken who has been in charge of FCK from 2006 to 2011 and from 2013 until 2020. Ståle Solbakken is also the most successful coach, in terms of winning percentage, with a winning percentage at 58.5%. Christian Andersen is FCK's least successful coach with a winning percentage at 0%. Andersen is also the shortest-running permanent coach of FCK as he only was in charge of FCK for just a single match before he was fired.


title: F.C. Copenhagen

text: F.C. Copenhagen launched an esports division called North in 2017, with a Danish team in "". The team had some success, making the playoffs of two and winning DreamHack Masters Stockholm 2018. The team ceased operations in February 2021, citing financial difficulties brought on in part by the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar Properties (Emaar Developments or simply Emaar) is an Emirati multinational real estate development company located in the United Arab Emirates. It is a public joint-stock company, listed on the Dubai Financial Market, and has a valuation of US$15.5 billion as of June 2021. With six business segments and 60 active companies, Emaar has collective presence in 36 markets across the Middle East, North Africa, Asia, Europe and North America.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar Properties Dubai is one of the largest real estate developers in the UAE and is known for various large-scale projects such as developing Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In 2021 and 2022, Emaar generated controversy when their Marassi project on Egypt’s mediterranean coast caused widespread erosion and great environmental damage of nearby beaches. Widespread outrage on social and traditional media has since been directed at the real estate firm, demanding reimbursement and an explanation. Emaar is said to have deviated from the building permits granted by Egyptian authorities to their project, hence creating unforeseen environmental deterioration of the surrounding beaches. Emaar was seen to ignore those concerns and to carry on with their damaging project activities.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar Properties was founded and incorporated in 1997 by chairman Mohamed Alabbar. As one of the leading developers in the UAE, Emaar has diversified interests in real estate including both commercial and residential property development, as well as malls and hospitality. The Dubai government initially owned 100 percent of the company while the founding shareholders held 24.3 percent when operations as a public company commenced after the IPO in 2000. The following year, Emaar announced plans to build Dubai Marina. In 2000, Emaar Properties was listed on the Dubai Financial Market and became the first property company to offer shares to foreign nationals. The first phase of the company's developmental projects began in 2001 when Emaar awarded the contract in a joint venture to build three of the six apartment towers.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In 2003, the company revealed its plans for a signature development project, later known as Downtown Dubai. The project consisted of two developments of historical proportions: Burj Khalifa and The Dubai Mall, the world's tallest building and world's largest mall respectively.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar International LLC was established in 2004 and signified Emaar's expansion into foreign markets. The company has ongoing projects in Africa, Asia, North America, and throughout the Middle East. In 2005, Emaar Hotels & Resorts LLC was established in an exclusive deal with Giorgio Armani to launch a collection of luxury hotels in the designer brand's name. Also in 2005, the high-rise Emaar Square Lifestyle Center was built in Istanbul, Turkey on top of the subterranean Emaar Square Shopping Mall. The 14-story mixed-use building provides residential units, amenity spaces, and retail space at the plaza level.


title: Emaar Properties

text: The Dubai Mall officially opened in 2008, and Burj Khalifa in 2010. Despite a collapse in the real estate market in 2009, Emaar reported that Burj Khalifa had reached 80 percent occupancy by fall 2012. By 2014, Emaar was holding over $11.4 billion in real estate investments.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In 2009, John Laing Homes, a subsidiary of Emaar Properties which was acquired in 2006, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the US Court for the District of Delaware.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In July 2010, American businessman Lionel Lombard filed a lawsuit against Emaar Properties and its Chairman Mohamed Alabbar in a California federal court alleging he was wrongfully imprisoned and tortured because he had spoken up on behalf of Emaar foreign workers. The case was dismissed in November 2010 by Lombard.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In September 2012, Emaar launched the Address BLVD, a luxurious 72 storey hotel and hotel serviced apartment project in Downtown Burj Dubai adjacent to the Dubai Mall.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In 2014, Emaar Properties announced plans to sell shares of its malls and retail business to the public. The IPO is one of the largest in the region since the global financial crisis. Emaar Malls Group became a publicly traded company on the Dubai Financial Market in October 2014. Closing at 3.25 dirhams with approximately 535 million shares traded, the IPO was the largest in Dubai since 2007. Also in 2014, Emaar opened the world's highest observation deck, At the Top, Burj Khalifa SKY. The highest man-made vantage point sits 555 metres up on the 148th floor of Burj Khalifa.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar celebrated the New Year with the world's most watched NYE celebration for 2015. According to Guinness World Records, Emaar won the title of the "Largest LED-Illuminated Façade" on the world's tallest man made structure" during the NYE celebrations. The record-setting display consisted of 70,000 LED panels that flashed coloured lights and projections of the country's leaders and other images on the Burj Khalifa. Emaar reported a 16 percent rise in second-quarter net profit for 2015, and that it has a land bank of over 235 million square metres.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In March 2015, Emaar launched the Emaar Foundation which supports the United Nations' World Food Programme and organizations such as Dubai Cares and the Dream for Future Africa Foundation. The foundation delivered more than 3,000 meals a day during Ramadan through its Ramadan for All campaign from June to July 2015.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In November 2020, Emaar Properties announced a profit fall of 48% from the beginning of the year until September.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In December 2020, Alabbar steps down as Emaar chairman but will continue to oversee the day-to-day activities as managing director.


title: Emaar Properties

text: The Dubai Mall, developed by Emaar Properties, is the second world's largest shopping mall. It marked its soft opening in November 2008 and was inaugurated in May 2009. The Dubai Mall has over 1,200 stores and 200 restaurants. It is also home to Dubai Aquarium and Underwater Zoo, KidZania, Dubai Ice Rink and the largest cinema complex in the region, Reel Cinemas. In 2014, The Dubai Mall had over 80 million visitors, of which 40 percent were tourists from outside the region. As an extension to Dubai mall, Emaar has begun to develop a 55-storey residential building called Downtown Views.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Another large development project commissioned by Emaar Properties of the Downtown Dubai area is The Dubai Fountain. The Dubai Fountain is the tallest performing fountain in the world that began operating in the spring of 2009. The length of the fountain spreads out to be twice the length of a football field (275 meters).


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar also developed the world's tallest building, Burj Khalifa, which opened in 2010. The building is 2,716.5 feet tall with 160 storeys that are primarily for residential purposes. It is named after the Abu Dhabi ruler Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar Properties has also developed a collection of neighbourhoods throughout Dubai including Arabian Ranches, Dubai Marina, The Greens, The Meadows, The Lakes, and The Springs. All communities built by Emaar properties are built in a similar architecture and are recognizable at first sight. They follow the modern Arabic architecture including colors. In 2013, Emaar launched several other projects including The Address Residence Fountain Views I, II, and III, The Address Residence Sky View, Burj Vista, Boulevard Point and Vida Residence—all in Downtown Dubai.


title: Emaar Properties

text: A new addition to Downtown Dubai from Emaar is the Opera District. Key features include the Dubai Opera House, the country's first dedicated opera house as well as an array of design studios and other lifestyle amenities.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In other strategic partnerships, Emaar and Meraas Holding is developing Dubai Hills Estate, the first phase of MBR City. The first residential apartment complex in Dubai Hills Estate, Mulberry at Park Heights, has been launched for sale. Emaar Properties launched Dubai Creek Residences, a cluster of six residential towers at Dubai Creek Harbour. The first tower was launched in October 2014, followed by two more towers a month later.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In January 2015, Emaar Hospitality opened a lifestyle boutique hotel, Manzil Downtown Dubai. The hotel is managed by Vida Hotels and Resorts and includes 200 rooms, suites with Burj Khalifa views, and access to a sports hub and several restaurants. Emaar rolled out the region's first hop-on-hop-off transit system with the Dubai Trolley. The trolley is also the world's first hydrogen-powered, zero-emission street tram system.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar Properties announced plans to build the World's tallest structure, which would be taller than Burj Khalifa. It is expected to be completed by 2020.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In 2017, it was announced that Creek Gate, a new residential project in Dubai Creek Harbour would be unveiled and that the hi-rise tower will be located in the Island district. When it is completed, it has been said that it will be almost three times larger than Downtown Dubai and that the development will feature the world's next tallest structure Dubai Creek Tower.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Through various subsidiaries, Emaar has established property developments and projects in Pakistan, India, Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, the United States, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Turkey. Emaar Hospitality Group, the hospitality and leisure branch of Emaar, expanded its hotel and residence operations to Nigeria and Bahrain in 2015. Some of the projects have included developments such as the Beit Misk in Lebanon, the Jeddah Gate in Saudi Arabia, and the Samarah Dead Sea Resort in Jordan that was outlined by the King Abdullah II Fund for Development.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In 2002, Emaar Misr, an Egyptian subsidiary of Emaar Properties, completed the redevelopment of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina on the eastern harbor of Alexandria. The new library facility stands almost exactly where the ancient Library of Alexandria existed.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar Misr began working on a $4 billion development project in 2005 initially called Cairo Grand Heights that was later renamed Uptown Cairo. The project included building up an area as a residential, commercial, and recreational community.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In 2008, Emaar Misr began working on a tourist resort called Marassi in Sidi Abdel Rahman, located along the Mediterranean coast, that includes a hotel with 3,000 rooms, a marina, and a golf course.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In 2018, Emaar Misr announced the re-innovation of a hotel called Al-Alamein Hotel and Resort, located on the Mediterranean coast.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar India has a portfolio of projects spanning all key segments of the Indian real estate industry, including residential, commercial, Retail (Malls) and hospitality. The company has a land bank of some 6,000 acres to be used for future development. Its existing assets and ongoing projects, as also its land banks, are spread across India: Delhi NCR (particularly Gurugram), Mohali, Chennai, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Jaipur and Indore.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar entered India in the early 2000s by winning the bid for the Hyderabad International Convention Centre, A joint venture, the Cyberabad Convention Centre Private Limited (CCCPL), was floated specifically for this project, with the other partner being the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC). The convention center, which has a total seating capacity of 4,000 seats (extendable to 6,500 seats) was completed in December 2005.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In 2005, while the Hyderabad project was ongoing, Emaar entered into a joint venture to handle future projects in India. Emaar India was founded in 2005 as a joint venture of Emaar Properties PJSC with MGF Developments Limited of India, in which Emaar was by far the larger equity partner and MGF was entrusted the operational responsibilities. The joint venture executed several significant projects, such as the 2010 Commonwealth Games Village in Delhi.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In April 2016, Emaar announced that it would separate from its joint venture partner and that the company would be divided vertically. Shortly after the announcement, Emaar filed the demerger scheme in the Delhi High Court, and Shravan Gupta of MGF resigned from his operational positions. Prashant Gupta is the current CEO of the company.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In pursuance of the intended demerger, the company is presently undergoing a restructuring exercise, wherein Emaar has taken control of all the ongoing projects of the company to ensure their completion at the earliest. The company has committed to deliver 11,000 units by end of 2018, beginning with over 3,000 units in 2017 itself.


title: Emaar Properties

text: After initiating the demerger and restructuring exercise, the company launched the "True Emaar lifestyle" brand campaign to focus on establishing the brand 'Emaar India'. In future, the company intends to develop its land bank of 6000 acres, with focus on the residential and hospitality sectors. However, at present its focus is on the completion of all its ongoing projects.


title: Emaar Properties

text: In late 2021, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the governments of Dubai and Jammu & Kashmir to facilitate investment into certain marquee projects. Under the agreement, Emaar is to develop a shopping mall in Srinagar of 500,000 sq.ft. EMAAR is also considering other investments in hospitality and mixed use commercial and residential projects in Jammu city and in Srinagar city.


title: Emaar Properties

text: The King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC), developed by Emaar, The Economic City (Emaar E.C.) is listed on Tadawul, the Saudi stock exchange, and is the largest private investment in Saudi Arabia. The project includes the development of a special economic zone along the Red Sea coast 60 miles north of Jeddah. Emaar E.C. also heads the development of the KAEC port. The port is the first privately owned port for Saudi Arabia and was first opened in January 2014, but plans to further expand have been set in place after the generation of new financing. The KAEC development is projected to be about the same size as Washington, D.C. when completed and the zone is estimated to house approximately 2 million people and assist in aiding the Saudi Arabian economy in expanding beyond oil to light and shipping industry.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Emaar Properties first announced its plans for a large-scale development project in Syria in 2006. The development, known as The Eighth Gate, includes three zones: a commercial center, waterfront and residential zone, and tourist area. The project is a joint venture between Emaar Properties and IGO, an offshore investment and property development company.


title: Emaar Properties

text: The Tuscan Valley development was Emaar's first project in Turkey. Emaar completed the first phase of the Tuscan Valley venture by 2007, which included the development of luxury villas and commercial space just outside Istanbul. In 2012, Emaar began developing an Emaar Square project. The project plans include building Turkey's largest shopping mall and five-star hotels. In 2013, Emaar Turkey, the wholly owned subsidiary of Emaar Properties, launched The Address Residences Emaar Square in Istanbul.


title: Emaar Properties

text: The Crescent Bay, Karachi is a very large and important project of Emaar in Pakistan. Crescent Bay is a 108-acre (440,000 m2) under-construction upscale mixed-use oceanfront development in Defence, Karachi, Pakistan. It is considered one of the biggest projects in Pakistan, with a cost of $2.4 billion.


title: Emaar Properties

text: The development features a series of high and mid-rise towers for residential and commercial use, a shopping centre, a five-star beachfront hotel and a tower located in the heart of the project.


title: Emaar Properties

text: Downtown Erbil is a project for a large-scale mixed-use complex in Erbil. The project was launched by Emaar Properties in 2013 and will cover an area of 541,000 square meters. This area will be used for residential apartments, hotels and a shopping mall.


title: CSI: NY

text: CSI: NY (Crime Scene Investigation: New York, stylized as CSI: NY/) is an American police procedural television series that ran on CBS from September 22, 2004, to February 22, 2013, for a total of nine seasons and 197 original episodes. The show follows the investigations of a team of NYPD forensic scientists and police officers identified as "Crime Scene Investigators" (instead of the actual title of "Crime Scene Unit Forensic Technicians" (CSU)) as they unveil the circumstances behind mysterious and unusual deaths, as well as other crimes. The series is an indirect spin-off from the veteran series "" and a direct spin-off from "", during an episode in which several of the "CSI: NY" characters made their first appearances. It is the third series in the "CSI" franchise.


title: CSI: NY

text: Originally in 2004, "CSI: NY" was produced in partnership with the Canadian media company Alliance Atlantis. The company dissolved after season three in 2007, and all production after that was done under the purview of CBS Paramount Television.


title: CSI: NY

text: The series was filmed at the CBS Studio Center, with many of the outside scenes shot in and around Los Angeles. Occasionally, scenes were filmed on location in New York City.


title: CSI: NY

text: The series ended its ninth and final season on February 22, 2013. It was canceled by CBS on May 10, 2013.


title: CSI: NY

text: "CSI: NY" follows a group of investigators who work for the New York City crime lab. The series mixes gritty subject matter and deduction in the same manner as its predecessors, yet also places a great deal of emphasis on criminal profiling. The team is led by Detective Mac Taylor, a former Marine from Chicago. Mac, a veteran of the NYPD, lost his wife on 9/11, and as such must work to rebuild his personal life while supervising his team. He is organized, efficient, dedicated, and very proper in his management style. Mac's partner is originally Stella Bonasera. Stella is half-Greek, half-Italian, and entirely New York City. She helped Mac through the impact of his wife's death and has been by his side ever since. She is a savvy investigator, yet she often speaks before she thinks. Stella leaves New York to head a crime lab in New Orleans and is replaced by Detective Jo Danville. Jo is a former FBI criminalist and an experienced psychological profiler. She and Mac quickly form a strong friendship and an even stronger working rapport. Jo is still haunted by her ousting from the FBI after blowing the whistle on improper lab procedure, so she works to regain her professional reputation. Together, Mac, Stella, and Jo head an elite team of detectives including Danny Messer, Aiden Burn, and Lindsay Monroe. The team also works alongside CSI Sheldon Hawkes, Detective Don Flack, Medical Examiner Sid Hammerback, and CSI trainee Adam Ross.


title: CSI: NY

text: The theme song for "CSI: NY" was taken from the first verse of The Who's "Baba O'Riley." For season four (and onward), the theme was revamped to be more instrumental, removing the lyrics: "I don't need to fight to prove I'm right. I don't need to be forgiven." The score composer for the series was Bill Brown, who won a BMI Award for season one.


title: CSI: NY

text: Like "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" and "CSI: Miami", "CSI: NY" has a comic book, novels, and a video game based on the show.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Ernest Davis (December 14, 1939 – May 18, 1963) was an American football player who won the Heisman Trophy in 1961 and was its first African-American recipient. Davis played college football for Syracuse University and was the first pick in the 1962 NFL Draft, where he was selected by the Washington Redskins, but was almost immediately traded to the Cleveland Browns. Davis was diagnosed with leukemia that same year, and died shortly after at age 23 without ever playing in a professional game. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1979 and was the subject of the 2008 film "".


title: Ernie Davis

text: Davis was born in New Salem, Pennsylvania. His father was killed in an accident shortly after his birth, and his mother, Avis Marie Davis Fleming, could not raise him alone. At 14 months, he was cared for by his maternal grandparents, Willie and Elizabeth Davis. At age 12, he went to live with his mother and stepfather in Elmira, New York, where he excelled in baseball, basketball, and football in grade school. He attended Elmira Free Academy, where he earned two All-American honors. At the end of his senior season he was recruited by numerous colleges, and chose to attend Syracuse University after being persuaded by Jim Brown, a Syracuse alumnus.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Davis played football for coach Ben Schwartzwalder at Syracuse University from 1959 to 1961, and went on to national fame in each of those three seasons, twice winning first-team All-American honors. As a sophomore, Davis led the 1959 Syracuse team to a national championship, capping an 11–0 season with a 23–14 win over the Texas Longhorns in the 1960 Cotton Bowl Classic, where Davis was named Most Valuable Player. That same season, Elmira "Star-Gazette" sports writer Al Mallette coined the nickname for Davis, the "Elmira Express". In his junior year, 1960, he set a record of 7.8 yards per carry and was the third leading rusher in the country with 877 yards, having rushed for 100 yards in six of nine games. The 1960 Syracuse Orangemen finished with a record of 7–2 and did not play in a post-season bowl game. In Ernie's senior year, the 1961 Orangemen finished with a record of 8–3, closing the season with a 15–14 victory over the Miami Hurricanes in the Liberty Bowl, played at Philadelphia's Franklin Field. College football used limited substitution rules at the time and players played both offense and defense.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Discrimination was prevalent in the American South and during Davis' Cotton Bowl visit to host city Dallas, Texas. Author Jocelyn Selim writes that at the banquet following the 1960 game, Davis was told he could only accept his award and then would be required to leave the segregated facility. Davis and his black teammates were allowed to finish their meals at the banquet. When dessert was brought, a gentleman quietly approached them and told them they would have to leave when the doors were opened to the public for a dance. The three got up to leave and when the teammates found out, they wanted to leave too, but were told that it would only cause a bigger problem, so they stayed.


title: Ernie Davis

text: A different account of the banquet is given by John Brown. He was Davis' teammate at Syracuse and on the Cleveland Browns, his roommate and a close friend. According to an article in the "Houston Chronicle", all the players from the game attended the banquet. Brown recalls that the teams sat on opposite sides of the room. After everyone ate and the trophies were handed out, the three black Syracuse players, Brown, Davis and Art Baker were asked to leave and were taken to another party in Dallas by local NAACP representatives. One Syracuse player, Gerhard Schwedes, recommended that the whole Syracuse team leave the banquet to show solidarity with their black teammates, but the suggestion was overruled by Syracuse officials. When the "Chronicle" asked Brown whether the film "The Express" is a truthful portrayal of his friend, Brown said " ... in short, no."


title: Ernie Davis

text: Davis became the first black athlete to be awarded the Heisman Trophy (the highest individual honor in collegiate football) and he also won the Walter Camp Memorial Trophy following his 1961 senior-year season at Syracuse University. President John F. Kennedy had followed Davis' career and requested to meet him while he was in New York to receive the trophy. Later in 1963, when Elmira chose February 3 to celebrate Davis' achievements, Kennedy sent a telegram, reading:


title: Ernie Davis

text: During his time at Syracuse, Davis wore the same number, 44, as had legendary Orangeman Jim Brown, helping to establish a tradition at the school that was acknowledged on November 12, 2005, when the school retired the number in an on-field ceremony. After winning the Heisman Trophy, Ernie Davis talked Floyd Little into doing an about face and playing football for Syracuse instead of Notre Dame. Davis also played basketball at Syracuse for one season 1960–1961. Syracuse University, as a way to honor all of the athletes that have worn the number 44, was granted permission by the United States Postal Service to change its ZIP code to 13244.


title: Ernie Davis

text: While attending Syracuse, Davis was a member of the Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity, a nationally recognized Jewish fraternity. Davis was the first African-American to become part of the organization not only at the Syracuse chapter, but for the national fraternity as a whole. He was also a candidate in the university's Army ROTC program and was commissioned as a second lieutenant following graduation.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Davis was a member of The Pigskin Club of Washington, D.C. National Intercollegiate All-American Football Players Honor.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Davis was the number-one pick in the 1962 NFL Draft on December 4, 1961. Selected by the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL) in December 1961, he was then almost immediately traded to the Cleveland Browns.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Redskins founder and owner George Preston Marshall was an avowed racist who kept the Redskins entirely white long after the other teams had integrated. He openly admitted that his unwillingness to sign a black player was an effort to appeal to his mostly Southern fan base (they had been the southernmost team in the league for a quarter century). The signing only came when Interior Secretary Stewart Udall issued an ultimatum to Marshall: sign a black player by the start of the 1962 season, or he would revoke the Redskins' 30-year lease on D.C. Stadium (now Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium). The stadium was a city-owned facility, and the Washington city government has long been legally reckoned as a branch of the federal government (given that the Constitution gives Congress ultimate authority over the capital). Marshall could not bring himself to draft a black player, so he left the decision to general manager and head coach Bill McPeak, who picked Davis. Davis refused to play for the Redskins and demanded a trade. A deal with Cleveland was engineered by Browns coach Paul Brown without the knowledge of the owner Art Modell. This had been standard operating procedure with the Browns from their inception in 1946; Brown served as his own general manager, and had enjoyed a free hand in football matters. The Redskins traded the rights to Davis to the Cleveland Browns for Bobby Mitchell and first-round draft pick Leroy Jackson. Davis chose to go to the Cleveland Browns where his classmate John Brown would be his roommate and Jim Brown, whom he admired, was already playing.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Davis signed a three-year, $200,000 contract with the Browns in late December 1961 in San Francisco while preparing for the East-West Shrine Game. Originally reported at $80,000, the contract, according to Davis's attorney, Tony DeFilippo, consisted of $80,000 for playing football, including a $15,000 signing bonus; $60,000 for ancillary rights, such as image marketing; and $60,000 for off-season employment. It was the most lucrative contract for an NFL rookie up to that time.


title: Ernie Davis

text: The Browns' dream of pairing Davis with Jim Brown took a tragic turn when Davis was diagnosed with leukemia. The rift between Coach Brown and Modell worsened when Modell brought in doctors who said Davis was well enough to play and Brown still refused to allow it. Although Davis' leukemia was in remission at the time, Brown felt letting him play would hurt team morale. This contributed to Modell's decision to replace Brown before the 1963 season.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Davis was allowed to practice on the field without physical contact and helped Brown draw up game plans but he never played a meaningful down. His only appearance at Cleveland Stadium came at a pre-season game on August 18, in which he ran onto the field as a spotlight followed him. Following his death, the Browns retired his number 45 jersey.


title: Ernie Davis

text: While preparing to play in the College All-Star Game against the Green Bay Packers in Chicago in the summer of 1962, Davis awoke with a swollen neck and was hospitalized, with mumps or mononucleosis initially suspected. He was diagnosed with acute monocytic leukemia and began receiving medical treatment. Davis went to Johns Hopkins in Baltimore when he was dying—three months after being diagnosed—and, through chemical treatments, experienced a four- to five-month remission. The disease was incurable, and Davis died at age 23 at Cleveland Lakeside Hospital on May 18, 1963.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Both houses of the United States Congress eulogized Davis, and a wake was held at The Neighborhood House in Elmira, New York, where more than 10,000 mourners paid their respects. During the funeral, a message was received from President Kennedy, and it was read aloud to all of the people attending the service. Davis is buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in Elmira. His commemorative statue now stands in front of the school named in his honor, Ernie Davis Academy. Another statue of Davis stands on the campus of Syracuse University, near the steps of Hendricks Chapel and the Quad where pre-game pep rallies are held. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in the fall of 1979. In the southern-tier region of New York, the best high-school football players, in their final year of eligibility, are invited to play in the Ernie Davis Classic. The game is traditionally played Thanksgiving Day, or the night before Thanksgiving.


title: Ernie Davis

text: A motion picture biography, "", directed by Gary Fleder and based on the non-fiction book "The Elmira Express: the Story of Ernie Davis" by Robert C. Gallagher, began production in April 2007 and was released on October 10, 2008.


title: Ernie Davis

text: Rob Brown plays Davis, with Dennis Quaid portraying Davis' Syracuse University coach, Ben Schwartzwalder.


title: Ernie Davis

text: In 2011, rival schools Southside High School (Elmira, New York) and Elmira Free Academy combined their athletic teams, which together were renamed the Elmira Express, named after Ernie Davis.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: Escape from Pretoria is a 2020 Australian prison film co-written and directed by Francis Annan, based on the real-life prison escape by three political prisoners in South Africa in 1979, starring Daniel Radcliffe and Daniel Webber. It is based on the 2003 book "Inside Out: Escape from Pretoria Prison" by Tim Jenkin, one of the escapees.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: It was filmed in Adelaide, South Australia, in early 2019, both on location in the city and suburbs and in the Glenside studios of the South Australian Film Corporation.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: In 1979, Tim Jenkin and Stephen Lee are two white South Africans carrying out anti-apartheid missions in South Africa. They are arrested and prosecuted; Jenkin is sentenced to twelve years and Lee is sentenced to eight. At the courthouse Lee attempts to escape but to no avail. Transported to Pretoria Prison, they meet Denis Goldberg, an older political prisoner serving four life sentences for previous work against apartheid. He shows them the ropes but discourages them from trying to escape.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: Jenkin and Lee discuss escaping with another prisoner, Leonard Fontaine. They settle in and go about their daily routines, but Jenkin starts to analyze the prison and think of ways to escape. He steals items from the wood shop to make wooden keys that fit the locks to their cells. He sneaks around the prison at night, making keys for other locks. Lee and Jenkin bury these keys in the prison garden while tending it and make many other preparations for their escape.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: Fontaine and Jenkin do a test run by using keys to leave their cells. They hide in a closet as the night guard walks by. They use another key to leave the cell block, but they have to run back to their cells before they can use another key. The guards search everyone's cells the next day but fail to find anything. Later, Jenkin discovers that a new gun tower is being built. He, Fontaine and Lee present their plan to Goldberg and other prisoners who decide against trying to escape with them.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: Jenkin, Lee and Fontaine execute their plan. They gather keys hidden in various areas and change into previously smuggled street clothes. Once again, they hide in the closet to evade the night guard. Unexpectedly, the night guard comes back to the closet. Goldberg short-circuits the light in his cell, causing the electricity to go out and calls for the guard, distracting him so that the trio can reach the last door. They cannot get any of the keys to work on this door, but Fontaine breaks it open using a chisel and screwdriver. They leave the prison and find a taxi to take them out of Pretoria. We learn that they reached London by way of Mozambique and Tanzania, that they continued to fight apartheid and that Goldberg was finally freed in 1985.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: The film was written and directed by Francis Annan. The film is an Australia-UK co-production, co-financed by Arclight Films, New York-based Magna Entertainment and with the assistance of the South Australian Film Corporation. Sam Neill was originally cast as Goldberg, in May 2017.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: Filming commenced on location in Adelaide, South Australia, in March 2019, with some scenes being shot at Mitcham railway station and others in the centre of the city, in Pirie Street. Jenkin spent some time in Adelaide, advising Radcliffe on accent and other aspects of the film, as well as playing as an extra, playing a prisoner next to Radcliffe in the visiting room.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: The film contains two pieces of music by the Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The Dies Irae from his Requiem Mass in D minor and the Kyrie from his Mass in C minor. The latter was also featured prominently in a classic prison film, "A Man Escaped" directed by Robert Bresson.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: "Escape from Pretoria" was released on 6 March 2020 in the United Kingdom by Signature Entertainment and in the United States by eOne and Momentum Pictures. It was released for rental on digital platforms iTunes, Sky Store, Amazon Prime Video and Virgin on the same date, and had a limited cinema release in the UK, US and some other countries. It became available to buy on DVD and Blu-ray from 20 April 2020.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: The film was screened on 11 July 2020 at select cinemas in Adelaide as part of Adelaide Film Festival, after cinemas had just reopened in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.


title: Escape from Pretoria

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critics consensus reads: ""Escape from Pretoria" doesn't quite do justice to the fact-based story it's dramatizing, but that lack of depth is offset by suitably gripping jailbreak action." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Glaive

text: A glaive (or glave) is a European polearm, consisting of a single-edged blade on the end of a pole. It is similar to the Japanese naginata, the Chinese guandao, the Korean woldo, and the Russian sovnya.


title: Glaive

text: Typically, the blade is around long, on the end of a pole long, and the blade is affixed in a socket-shaft configuration similar to an axe head, rather than having a tang like a sword or naginata. Occasionally, glaive blades were forged with a small hook on the reverse side to better catch riders. Such blades are called glaive-guisarmes.


title: Glaive

text: According to the 1599 treatise "Paradoxes of Defence" by the English gentleman George Silver, the glaive is used in the same general manner as the quarterstaff, half pike, bill, halberd, voulge, or partisan. Silver rated this class of polearms above all other individual hand-to-hand combat weapons.


title: Glaive

text: The contemporary term for this weapon may have been "faussart", which was used for a variety of single-edged weapons seen as related to the scythe (along with terms such as "falchion", "falcata, or fauchard" derived from "falx", the Latin term for "scythe").


title: Fable (video game series)

text: Fable is a series of action role-playing video games for Xbox, Microsoft Windows, macOS, Xbox 360 and Xbox One platforms. The series was developed by Lionhead Studios until the studio was closed in 2016, and is published by Xbox Game Studios.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: The "Fable" series takes place in the fictional nation of Albion, a state that, at the time of the first game, is composed of numerous autonomous city-states with vast areas of countryside or wilderness in between. The setting originally resembles Medieval Britain, with some European elements. The name Albion itself is an ancient albeit still used name for Great Britain. The period of time progresses with each game; in "Fable II", Albion has advanced to an era similar to that of the Age of Enlightenment, and by "Fable III" the nation has been unified under a monarchy and is undergoing an "Age of Industry" similar to the real-world 18th-19th-century Industrial Revolution.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: In the first "Fable", players assume the role of an orphaned boy who is forced into a life of heroism when bandits attack his village, kill his parents and kidnap his sister. The choices players make in the game affect the perception and reaction to their Hero by the characters of Albion and change the Hero's appearance to mirror what good or evil deeds he has performed. In addition to the main quest to learn what happened to the Hero's family, players can engage in optional quests and pursuits such as trading, romance and married life, pub gaming, boxing, exploring, and theft.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: "Fable II" takes place 500 years after the events of the first game. The world resembles Europe between the late 1600s and early 1700s, the time of highwaymen and the Enlightenment. Science and more modern ideas have suppressed the religion and magic of old Albion. Its towns have developed into cities, weaponry is slowly taking advantage of gunpowder, and social, family and economic life present more possibilities - as well as challenges. The sequel basically expands most or all parts of the gaming experience from the previous game, without changing the elementary modes of playing. The continent of Albion is larger as a game world, but contains fewer locations, and the locations that remain are more developed and detailed. In contrast to "Fable", the solving of set quests is not the basis of the story; rather, the story develops from the player's situation in time and place. This gives the game a sense of more interactivity than the first title in the series.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: In "Fable III" the setting is 50 years after that of "Fable II". The historical development is further advanced since the last version: Albion is experiencing an industrial revolution and society resembles that of the early 1800s. In all of the versions, the moral development (in a negative or a positive way) is at the core of the gameplay. This moral development is expanded to include the personal or psychological and has a more political aspect, as the goal of the game is to overthrow the oppressive king of Albion, as well as defend the continent from attacks from abroad.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: As role-playing video games, the "Fable" series constructs the development of a protagonist controlled by the player, and the development is related to the same character's interaction with the game world. A major part of this interaction is for the "Fable" series related to interaction with people, be it conversation, storytelling, education, trading, gaming, courting and relationships, or fighting.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: The player is able to develop the protagonist following several parameters, such as magic, strength and social skills. The player may also direct the moral quality of the protagonist, so that skills may be developed in equal terms and conditions both in the negative and positive field.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: In addition to this basis of the gameplay, some of the versions focus on set quests that together give the protagonist the opportunity to develop, as well as unveiling strands of the story of the game.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: "Fable II" and "Fable III" include cooperative gameplay, where two players with their own character can join forces in their different tasks.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: The first game, "Fable", was teased in 2001 by developer Lionhead Studios. Lead designer and Lionhead co-founder Peter Molyneux "promised an experience like no other" and that the game would "revolutionize the RPG". "Fable" was released for Xbox on 14 September 2004. It was originally seen very poorly as it was mostly reported that the game had no content due to the substantial amount of unfulfilled "promises" by Molyneux, which he soon apologized for, garnering even more press coverage.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: Despite offers from such large companies, such as Electronic Arts, the over-ambition experienced during "Fable"s development and overestimated sales of the original game had left Lionhead Studios with low stocks and in debt. To gain access to a bigger budget Lionhead signed with Microsoft Game Studios. An extended version, "Fable: The Lost Chapters", was released for Windows and Xbox in September 2005; Feral Interactive ported the game to the Mac platform on 31 March 2008. It featured new content in many forms and, with the support of Microsoft, was a critical and commercial success.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: "Fable II" was released for Xbox 360 on 24 October 2008. It was also a critical and commercial success. It featured a tie-in game called "Fable II Pub Games" that was released on the Xbox Live Arcade, and an interactive online flash game called "Fable: A Hero's Tale" that allowed players to open a secret chest in the main game.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: A third game, "Fable III", was released for Xbox 360 on 29 October 2010, and a Microsoft Windows release on 17 March 2011. This game also featured a tie-in phone game called "".


title: Fable (video game series)

text: On 2 May 2012, "Fable Heroes", was released for the Xbox Live Arcade. Despite the amount of differences the game has from others in the series and its mixed critical reception, it being a multiplayer-based family-friendly beat-em-up, the game is popular among fans as it still embodies some of fans' favorite iconic elements of the series.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: "", a spin-off within the series, was released in October 2012 in North America and Europe. The game utilized the Kinect attachment for the Xbox 360. Lead designer Peter Molyneux departed Lionhead Studios in 2012.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: Lionhead Studios released an Xbox 360 remake of the original game, including "The Lost Chapters", called "Fable Anniversary" to mixed reviews in February 2014. "Fable Trilogy", a compilation for Xbox 360 that includes "Fable Anniversary", "Fable II" and "Fable III" was released in February 2014.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: "Fable"-themed card games were released as part of the "Microsoft Solitaire Collection" for the PC on March 4, 2014.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: In August 2013, Lionhead Studios released a teaser trailer for "Fable Legends", an Xbox One title set during the "Age of Heroes" long before the events of the first game. The trailer emphasizes that in the game the player would play alongside four other players and may choose to be the Hero of the story or the Villain. Microsoft canceled the project in March 2016 and Lionhead Studios was closed soon afterwards.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: In May 2016, former Lionhead developers launched a Kickstarter campaign to crowdfund "Fable Fortune", a free-to-play collectible card game. The game was previously in development at Lionhead prior to the studio's closure. The game was released for the Xbox One in February 2018.


title: Fable (video game series)

text: In January 2018, rumors surfaced that a new "Fable" game was being developed by Playground Games, and that studio was hiring 177 positions for an open world role-playing game. During the Xbox Games Showcase in July 2020, a new "Fable" was announced as being in development, with the game releasing on the Xbox Series X and Series S and Microsoft Windows at an undisclosed date. It will run on the "Forza" series' in-house game engine, ForzaTech. In November 2021, Eidos-Montréal would join the project as a co-developer.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine, sold under the brand names Trintellix and Brintellix among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder. Effectiveness is viewed as similar to that of other antidepressants. It is taken by mouth.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and sexual dysfunction. Serious side effects may include suicide in those under the age of 25, serotonin syndrome, bleeding, mania, and SIADH. A withdrawal syndrome may occur if the medication is abruptly stopped or the dose is decreased. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not generally recommended. It is classified as a serotonin modulator and stimulator. How it works is not entirely clear but is believed to be related to increasing serotonin levels and possibly interacting with certain receptors for serotonin.


title: Vortioxetine

text: It was approved for medical use in the United States in 2013. In 2020, it was the 243rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine is used as a treatment for major depressive disorder. Effectiveness appears to be similar to other antidepressants and in terms of effect size has been described as modest. Vortioxetine may be used when other treatments have failed. A 2017 Cochrane review on vortioxetine determined that the place for it in the treatment of severe depression is unclear due to low-quality evidence and that more study is needed comparing vortioxetine to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which are typical first-line treatments.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine is also used off-label for anxiety. A 2016 review found it was not useful in generalized anxiety disorder at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg doses (15 and 20 mg doses were not tested). A 2019 meta-analysis found that vortioxetine didn't produce statistically significant results over placebo in the symptoms, quality of life and remission rates of generalized anxiety disorder, but it was well-tolerated. However, a 2018 meta-analysis supported use and efficacy of vortioxetine for generalized anxiety disorder, though stated that more research was necessary to strengthen the evidence. A 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that there was uncertainty about the effectiveness of vortioxetine for anxiety due to existing evidence being very low-quality. In a 2020 network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, vortioxetine was associated with among the lowest remission rates for generalized anxiety disorder of the included medications (odds ratio = 1.30 for vortioxetine, range of odds ratios for other agents = 1.13–2.70).


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine is contraindicated in those taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to the possibility of serotonin syndrome.


title: Vortioxetine

text: The most common side effects reported with vortioxetine are nausea, vomiting, constipation, and sexual dysfunction, among others. With the exceptions of nausea and sexual dysfunction, these side effects were reported by less than or equal to 10% of study participants given vortioxetine. Significant percentages of placebo-treated participants also report these side effects. Discontinuation of treatment due to adverse effects in clinical trials was 8% with vortioxetine versus 3% with placebo.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Sexual dysfunction, such as decreased libido, abnormal orgasm, delayed ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction, are well-known side effects of SSRIs and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). In clinical trials, sexual dysfunction occurred more often with vortioxetine than with placebo and appeared to be dose-dependent. The specific incidences of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction as measured with the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) were 14 to 20% for placebo and 16 to 34% for vortioxetine over a dosage range of 5 to 20 mg/day. The incidence of sexual dysfunction with vortioxetine was similar to that with the SNRI duloxetine, which had an incidence of 26 to 28% at the used dosage of 60 mg/day. However, treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction caused by a prior SSRI was better improved by switching to vortioxetine than by switching to the SSRI escitalopram. In another study, vortioxetine at a dosage of 10 mg/day though not at 20 mg/day produced less sexual dysfunction than the SSRI paroxetine. These findings suggest that although vortioxetine can still cause sexual dysfunction itself, it may cause somewhat less sexual dysfunction than SSRIs and might be a useful alternative option for people experiencing sexual dysfunction with these medications. The rates of voluntarily or spontaneously reported sexual dysfunction with vortioxetine are much lower than with the ASEX, ranging from <1 to 5% for vortioxetine versus <1 to 2% for placebo in clinical trials.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Significant changes in body weight (gain or loss) were not observed with vortioxetine in clinical trials. Vortioxetine might cause less emotional blunting than SSRIs and SNRIs based on a couple of preliminary clinical studies.


title: Vortioxetine

text: If vortioxetine is used in combination with other serotonergic drugs like MAOIs or SSRIs, this may result in serotonin syndrome.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine is metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6. Inhibitors and inducers of CYP2D6 may modify the pharmacokinetics of vortioxetine and necessitate dosage adjustments.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Bupropion, a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor, has been found to increase peak levels of vortioxetine by 2.1-fold and total vortioxetine levels by 2.3-fold (bupropion dosed at 300 mg/day and vortioxetine dosed at 10 mg/day). The incidence of side effects with vortioxetine, like nausea, headache, vomiting, and insomnia, was correspondingly increased with the combination. Other strong CYP2D6 inhibitors, like fluoxetine, paroxetine, and quinidine, may have similar influences on the pharmacokinetics of vortioxetine, and it is recommended that the dosage of vortioxetine be reduced by half when it is administered in combination with such medications. Lesser interactions have additionally been identified for vortioxetine with the cytochrome P450 inhibitors ketoconazole and fluconazole.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Rifampicin, a strong and broad cytochrome P450 inducer (though notably not of CYP2D6), has been found to decrease peak levels of vortioxetine by 51% and total levels of vortioxetine by 72% (rifampicin dosed at 600 mg/day and vortioxetine at 20 mg/day). Similar influences on vortioxetine pharmacokinetics may also occur with other strong cytochrome P450 inducers like carbamazepine and phenytoin. As such, it is recommended that increasing vortioxetine dosage be considered when it is given in combination with strong cytochrome P450 inducers. The maximum recommended dose should not exceed three times the original vortioxetine dose.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine and its metabolites show no meaningful interactions with a variety of assessed cytochrome P450 enzymes and transporters (e.g., P-glycoprotein) and hence vortioxetine is not expected to importantly influence the pharmacokinetics of other medications.


title: Vortioxetine

text: The combination of vortioxetine with MAOIs, including other MAOIs like linezolid and intravenous methylene blue, may cause serotonin syndrome and is contraindicated. The risk of serotonin syndrome may also be increased when vortioxetine is combined with other serotonergic drugs, like SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), triptans, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St John's wort, fentanyl, and lithium, among others. However, vortioxetine is not considered to be contraindicated with serotonergic medications besides MAOIs.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine increases serotonin concentrations in the brain by inhibiting its reuptake in the synapse, and also modulates (activates or blocks) certain serotonin receptors. This puts it in the class of serotonin modulators and stimulators, which also includes vilazodone. More specifically, vortioxetine is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, agonist of the serotonin 5-HT receptor, partial agonist of the 5-HT receptor, and antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT, 5-HT, and 5-HT receptors, as well as an apparent ligand of the β-adrenergic receptor. In terms of functional activity however, vortioxetine appears to be much more potent on serotonin reuptake inhibition and 5-HT receptor antagonism than for its interactions with the other serotonin receptors. Whereas vortioxetine has IC or EC values of 5.4 nM for the SERT and 12 nM for the 5-HT receptor, its values are 120 to 450 nM for the 5-HT, 5-HT, 5-HT, and 5-HT receptors. This translates to about 22- to 83-fold selectivity for SERT inhibition and 10- to 38-fold selectivity for 5-HT antagonism over activities at the other serotonin receptors.


title: Vortioxetine

text: It has been claimed that the serotonin transporter (SERT) and 5-HT receptor may be primarily occupied at lower clinical doses of vortioxetine and that the 5-HT, 5-HT, and 5-HT receptors may additionally be occupied at higher doses. Occupancy of the serotonin transporter with vortioxetine in young men was found to be highest in the raphe nucleus with median occupancies of 25%, 53%, and 98% after 9 days of administration with 2.5, 10, and 60 mg/day vortioxetine. In another study, serotonin transporter occupancy in men was 50%, 65%, and ≥80% for 5, 10, and 20 mg/day vortioxetine.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Based on its clinical efficacy (e.g., at 5 mg/day), it appears that vortioxetine may produce antidepressant effects at SERT occupancy as low as 50%. This is in apparent contrast to SSRIs and SNRIs, which appear to require a minimum of 70 to 80% occupancy for antidepressant efficacy. These findings are suggestive that the antidepressant effects of vortioxetine may be mediated by serotonin receptor interactions in addition to serotonin reuptake inhibition. A study found no significant occupancy of the 5-HT receptor with vortioxetine at 30 mg/day for 9 days, which suggests that at least this specific serotonin receptor may not be involved in the clinical pharmacology of vortioxetine. However, methodological concerns were noted that may limit the interpretability of this result. Occupancy of other serotonin receptors like 5-HT and 5-HT by vortioxetine in humans does not seem to have been studied. In relation to the preceding, the contribution of serotonin receptor interactions to the antidepressant effects of vortioxetine is unknown and remains to be established. Uncertainties remain about whether vortioxetine is indeed a clinically multimodal antidepressant or whether it is effectively "[just] another selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor".


title: Vortioxetine

text: Antagonism of the 5-HT receptor has been found to enhance the increase in brain serotonin levels produced by serotonin reuptake inhibition in animal studies. Whether or not the 5-HT receptor antagonism of vortioxetine likewise does this in humans or contributes to its clinical antidepressant efficacy is unclear. SSRIs and 5-HT receptor agonists often produce nausea as a side effect, whereas 5-HT receptor antagonists like ondansetron are antiemetics and have been found to be effective in treating SSRI-induced nausea. It was thought that the 5-HT receptor antagonism of vortioxetine would reduce the incidence of nausea relative to SSRIs. However, clinical trials found significant and dose-dependent rates of nausea with vortioxetine that appeared to be comparable to those found with the SNRI duloxetine.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine is well-absorbed when taken orally and has an oral bioavailability of 75%. It is systemically detectable after a single oral dose by 0.781 hours. Peak levels of vortioxetine are reached within 7 to 11 hours post-dose with single or multiple doses. Steady-state levels of vortioxetine are generally reached within 2 weeks of administration, with 90% of individuals reaching 90% of steady state after 12 days of administration. Steady-state peak levels of vortioxetine with doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/day were 9, 18, and 33 ng/mL, respectively. The accumulation index of vortioxetine (area-under-the-curve levels after a single dose versus at steady state) is 5 to 6. A loading dose given intravenously has been found to achieve steady-state levels more rapidly with oral vortioxetine therapy. The pharmacokinetics of vortioxetine are known to be linear and dose proportional over a range of 2.5 to 75 mg for single doses and 2.5 to 60 mg for multiple doses. Food has no influence on the pharmacokinetics of vortioxetine.


title: Vortioxetine

text: The apparent volume of distribution of vortioxetine is large and ranges from 2,500 to 3,400 L after single or multiple doses of 5 to 20 mg vortioxetine, with extensive extravascular distribution. The plasma protein binding of vortioxetine is approximately 98 or 99%, with about 1.25 ± 0.48% free or unbound.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine is extensively metabolized by oxidation via cytochrome P450 enzymes and subsequent glucuronidation via UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. CYP2D6 is the primary enzyme involved in the metabolism of vortioxetine, but others including CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4/5 are also involved. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. Six metabolites of vortioxetine have been identified. The major metabolite of vortioxetine (Lu AA34443) is inactive and its minor active metabolite (Lu AA39835) is not thought to cross the blood–brain barrier. The remaining metabolites are glucuronide conjugates. Hence, vortioxetine itself is thought to be primarily responsible for its pharmacological activity.


title: Vortioxetine

text: The estimated total clearance of vortioxetine ranges from 30 to 41 L/h. The elimination half-life of vortioxetine is 66 hours, with a range of 59 to 69 hours after single or multiple doses. Elimination of vortioxetine is almost entirely via the liver (99%) rather than the kidneys (<1%). Approximately 85% of vortioxetine was recovered in a single-dose excretion study after 15 days, with 59% in urine and 26% in feces.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Genetic variations in cytochrome P450 enzymes can influence exposure to vortioxetine. CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers have approximately 2-fold higher clearance of vortioxetine than CYP2D6 poor metabolizers. The estimated clearance rates were 52.9, 34.1, 26.6, and 18.1 L/h for CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolizers, extensive metabolizers, intermediate metabolizers, and poor metabolizers. Area-under-the-curve levels of vortioxetine were 35.5% lower in CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolizers than in extensive metabolizers, though with significant overlap due to interindividual variability. Dosage adjustment for CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolizers is considered to not be necessary. Vortioxetine exposure in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers is expected to be approximately twice as high as in extensive metabolizers. Depending on the individual response, dosage adjustment may be considered for CYP2D6 poor metabolizers, with a maximum recommended dosage of 10 mg/day for known such individuals. In addition to CYP2D6, CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers have 1.4-fold higher clearance of vortioxetine than poor metabolizers. However, this is not considered to be clinically important and dose adjustment is not considered to be necessary based on CYP2C19 status.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine (1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine) is a bis-aryl-sulfanyl amine as well as piperazine derivative. The acid dissociation constant (pKa) values for vortioxetine hydrobromide were determined to be 9.1 (± 0.1) and 3.0 (± 0.2) according to an Australian Public Assessment Report.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine was discovered by scientists at Lundbeck who reported the rationale and synthesis for the drug (then called Lu AA21004) in a 2011 paper.


title: Vortioxetine

text: In 2007, the compound was in Phase II clinical trials, and Lundbeck and Takeda entered into a partnership in which Takeda paid Lundbeck $40 million up-front, with promises of up to $345 million in milestone payments, and Takeda agreed to pay most of the remaining cost of developing the drug. The companies agreed to co-promote the drug in the US and Japan, and that Lundbeck would receive a royalty on all such sales. The deal included another drug candidate, tedatioxetine (Lu AA24530), and could be expanded to include two other Lundbeck compounds.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults in September 2013, and it was approved in the European Union later that year.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine was previously sold under the brand name Brintellix in the United States, but in May 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a name change to Trintellix in order to avoid confusion with the blood-thinning medication Brilinta (ticagrelor). In India, it is sold under the name Vantaxa.


title: Vortioxetine

text: Vortioxetine was under development for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but development for these indications was discontinued. As of August 2021, vortioxetine remains in development for the treatment of anxiety disorders, binge-eating disorder, and bipolar disorder. It is in phase II clinical trials for these indications. There is also interest in vortioxetine for the potential treatment of social phobia, neuropathic pain, and for cognitive enhancement in major depression.


title: Nykaa

text: Nykaa is an Indian e-commerce company, founded by Falguni Nayar in 2012 and headquartered in Mumbai. It sells beauty, wellness and fashion products across websites, mobile apps and 100+ offline stores. In 2020, it became the first Indian unicorn startup headed by a woman.


title: Nykaa

text: Nykaa sells products which are manufactured in India as well as internationally. In 2015, the company expanded from online-only to an omnichannel model and began selling products apart from beauty. As of 2020, it retails over 2,000 brands and 200,000 products across its platforms.


title: Nykaa

text: In April 2012, Falguni Nayar, a former managing director at Kotak Mahindra Capital Company, founded Nykaa as an ecommerce portal curating a range of beauty and wellness products. The brand name Nykaa is derived from the Sanskrit word "nayaka", meaning actress or "one in the spotlight". The website was first launched around Diwali 2012, and was available commercially in 2013.


title: Nykaa

text: In 2015, the company expanded from online-only to an omnichannel model and began selling fashion products.


title: Nykaa

text: In 2018, Nykaa launched Nykaa PRO. It is a premium membership program that provides users special access to professional beauty products and offers on the Nykaa app. In 2018, the company also launched an online beauty forum called Nykaa Network.


title: Nykaa

text: In March 2020, Nykaa raised from Steadview Capital at a valuation of 1.2 billion, making it a unicorn startup. This was followed by another tranche of funding by Steadview in May 2020.


title: Nykaa

text: In October 2020, the company launched Nykaa Man, India's first multi-brand ecommerce store for men's grooming. The company expanded into fashion by launching Nykaa Design Studio, which was renamed to Nykaa Fashion.


title: Nykaa

text: In November 2020, global asset management firm Fidelity invested in the company through a secondary sale of shares from an existing equity investor.


title: Nykaa

text: In December 2020, Nykaa Fashion launched its first store in Delhi, making the fashion business omnichannel.


title: Nykaa

text: Nykaa opened its initial public offering (IPO) on 28 October 2021. The IPO raised at a valuation of 7.4 billion. Nykaa was publicly listed on the NSE and BSE on 10 November 2021, and its price rose by 89.2% on opening day, valuing the company at nearly 13 billion. Founder Falguni Nayar, who owned a 53.5% stake in the company, became India's wealthiest self-made female billionaire on the listing day.


title: Nykaa

text: Nykaa follows an inventory-based model with warehouses in Mumbai, New Delhi, Pune, Haryana, Kolkata and Bangalore. In 2020, in addition to its primary ecommerce business, it has an offline presence via 76 brick-and-mortar stores across the country. It claims to have over 200,000 products across 2,000 brands.


title: Nykaa

text: It has three offline store formats called Nykaa Luxe, Nykaa On Trend and Nykaa beauty Kiosks. The Luxe format features international luxury beauty brands such as Huda Beauty, MAC, Dior, and Givenchy along with Nykaa Beauty, the in-house collection of beauty products. The Nykaa On Trend format has products curated by category basis their popularity. In India, Nykaa is the only retailer that sells international brands like e.l.f, Charlotte Tilbury, Tonymoly, Becca, Sigma, Limecrime, Dermalogica, and Murad.


title: Nykaa

text: In 2015, Nykaa launched its collection of in-house beauty products via Nykaa Cosmetics and later expanded it across categories of Eyes, Nails, Face, Lips. The Nykaa Naturals portfolio is a collection of skincare and personal care products. In early 2019, the brand launched its Wanderlust Bath & Body collection, and later in the year introduced a beauty line with the iconic designer Masaba Gupta, Masaba by Nykaa. The same year, it launched its first celebrity partnership brand, Kay Beauty, with actress Katrina Kaif.


title: Nykaa

text: In 2021, Nykaa Fashion acquired the India fashion jewellery brand, Pipa Bella and the Indian skincare brand, Dot & Key.


title: Nykaa

text: In 2022, Nykaa acquired an 18.51% stake in Indian skincare brand Earth Rhythm. It then completed the 100% acquisition of lifestyle content platform Little Black Book (LBB).


title: Nykaa

text: Nykaa also hosts beauty and fashion content via Nykaa TV, its YouTube channel. It contains informational videos about beauty, cosmetics, and styling. Some of its notable campaigns include #BreakTheHashtag (with Tapsee Pannu), #WhatMakesYourBeautiful (with acid attack survivor and activist Laxmi Agarwal), Beauty in Her Story (in collaboration with Netflix), web series Tinderella, Khoj (a Mother's Day film), and Rakshak (a Raksha Bandhan special film).


title: Nykaa

text: Since 2018, it has been hosting an online community of beauty and fashion enthusiasts via its Nykaa Network. In 2020, it launched a web miniseries called The Beauty Bar. Nykaa also hosts Beauty Book, a beauty and fashion magazine.


title: Nykaa

text: Since 2015, Nykaa has hosted the ‘Nykaa Femina Beauty Awards’ in partnership with women's lifestyle magazine "Femina (India)".


title: Nykaa

text: Nykaa extends social and financial help to causes such as education, health, women's rights and empowerment, rural development, and disaster management. Some of its notable CSR partnerships are with SPARSH India, CARE International Confederation, PRIDE, Milaap, Nanhi Kali, Make a Wish Foundation, Benefactory, Sneha, GiveIndia, and PM CARES Fund.


title: Nykaa

text: On 18 November 2019, an API flaw was detected in Nykaa Fashion's internal systems that allowed a potential attacker to log in to any user account if the attacker had access to the user's email ID. Consequently, the company fixed the security vulnerability.


title: John C. Miller

text: John C. Miller was raised in Los Angeles. Miller has a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Redlands. After graduating from Stanford Law School with a JD, Miller was admitted to the California Bar.


title: John C. Miller

text: Miller was vice president of intellectual property at a public pharmaceutical company, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, from 2004 to 2010. He co-authored a book called "The Handbook of Nanotechnology: Business, Policy, and Intellectual Property Law".


title: John C. Miller

text: After spending time working in Asia, Miller founded Pasadena-based technology company CaliGroup. CaliGroup's new technology is trialled at the CaliBurger chain of restaurants, offering solutions for "food production, delivery, take out and drive thru". They have invested in gaming to make the restaurant experience more entertaining. Robotics, created by the subsidiary Miso Robotics, are used in the kitchen to fry burgers. Through the Cali Group subsidiary PopID, facial recognition software allows customers to place orders and pay.


title: John C. Miller

text: Miller believes the "restaurant industry has come under attack from increasing costs" and aims to use robotics to "drive down costs associated with labor, especially turnover." He remarked: "Millenials that we hire don't tend to stay very long. They come in, we train them, they work for a while, then go drive an Uber and go home and play competitive video games".


title: John C. Miller

text: In a Fox News interview in 2017, Miller said the robotic technology increased the quality, consistency and hygiene standards of food as "robots don't spit in food or contaminate food." He said employees' strengths were related to "social interaction" with customers. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Miller said body thermometer devices would check for feverish temperatures as customers entered CaliBurger's Pasadena store.


title: John C. Miller

text: Pasadena-based CaliGroup is a holding company focused on using technology to transform the restaurant and retail industries. Cali Group owns a global QSR restaurant chain, CaliBurger, and has major equity positions in several affiliated technology companies, including Miso Robotics, Kitchen United, and PopID.


title: John C. Miller

text: CaliBurger uses a robotic device made by Miso Robotics named "Flippy" in its restaurants for certain types of food preparation. An upgraded version called "Flippy Robot-on-a-Rail" or "Flippy ROAR" was announced in October 2020. It is being implemented in 50 CaliBurger locations.


title: John C. Miller

text: Miso Robotics is a food automation company, with installations at White Castle, Jack in the box, Chipotle, and Panera Bread, using artificial intelligence, computer vision, and robotics to streamline back of house operations.


title: John C. Miller

text: Kitchen United is the future of takeout & delivery, the nation’s first “Multi-Restaurant Ordering” to-go experience. It’s the only destination that allows foodie fans who love variety to order meals from 10+ restaurants, all on the same bill. Kitchen United has location in Los Angeles, NYC, Texas, Arizona, and Chicago.


title: John C. Miller

text: PopID is a payments company focused facial recognition. PopID launched a pilot in the Bahamas in May 2022, linking the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), the Sand Dollar.


title: John C. Miller

text: Miller married violinist Caroline Campbell in April 2005. He filed for divorce in June 2011, but they reconciled the following February. They filed divorce papers again in October 2014. In October 2016, they agreed to joint legal custody of their daughter Violet and son Quest. The divorce was finalized in November 2018.


title: John C. Miller

text: Miller dated actress Jennifer Garner from mid-2018 to early 2020. According to sources and paparazzi photos, they restarted their relationship in April 2021 and have been together since.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: Laura Dianne Vandervoort (born September 22, 1984) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles as Sadie Harrison in the CTV teen drama series "Instant Star", Arla "The Bolt-Gun Killer" Cogan in the Syfy supernatural drama series "Haven", Kara Zor-El (Supergirl) in The CW serial drama series "Smallville", and as Lisa in the ABC science fiction series "V" (2009). In 2014, she starred in the Space channel drama series "Bitten", a television adaptation of Kelley Armstrong's book series "Women of the Otherworld" as Elena Michaels.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: Vandervoort was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario. She is the daughter of a Canadian mother and a Dutch father. In the first weeks of her life, she contracted meningitis, resulting in a severe sickness that lasted a few months. Her parents were initially told she was not going to survive. Growing up, Vandervoort was involved in several sports such as football, karate (where she is a second-degree black belt), basketball, tennis, gymnastics and baseball. She has a sister named Sarah and she is related to Canadian actor Gordon Pinsent.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: In 1997, she made her acting debut at age 13. After taking several classes and doing background work on Canadian shows such as "Road to Avonlea" and "Harriet the Spy", she got her first speaking role in the Canadian children's horror anthology series "Goosebumps" and "Are You Afraid of the Dark?", both series were aired on YTV.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: After commercials and guest starring roles in "Mutant X", "", "Goosebumps", "Twice in a Lifetime", "Doc", "", "Troubled Waters", "The Dresden Files", and a few Disney Channel original films ("Mom's Got a Date with a Vampire" and "Alley Cats Strike"), at age 19, while attending York University where she studied Psychology and English, Vandervoort landed a lead role as Sadie Harrison in the CTV teen drama series "Instant Star", which ran for four seasons.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: In 2006, Vandervoort starred in her first feature film titled "The Lookout" alongside Jeff Daniels, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Matthew Goode, and Isla Fisher. Several other television appearances such as "" led Vandervoort to the role of Clark Kent's Kryptonian cousin "Kara Kent" (the woman destined to become Supergirl) in The CW serial drama series "Smallville". She was a regular in season seven, and appeared in the "Bloodline" episode for season eight. She then returned for another two episodes in the tenth and final season of "Smallville".


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: Following The CW and "Smallville", Vandervoort then shot the sequel to the feature film "Into the Blue" titled "". She next filmed an independent production titled "The Jazzman", which also starred Canadian stars Michael Ironside (who appeared in the second "V" miniseries as well as the 1984 "V" regular series) and Corey Sevier.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: Vandervoort portrayed "Lisa", an extraterrestrial Visitor, in the 2009 ABC science fiction series "V", a reboot of the 1980s science fiction franchise of the same name.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: In 2010, Vandervoort appeared in the two-part miniseries "Riverworld" in which she plays Jessie Machalan, the fiancée of war correspondent Matt Ellman who wakes up after death on a planet populated by everyone who has ever lived on Earth. In 2011, she starred in the suspense film "The Entitled", alongside Ray Liotta and Kevin Zegers.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: In October 2011, she posed for PETA as part of the "Exotic Skins" campaign and in 2014, she appeared nude again for an ad that protested against the keeping of marine mammals in captivity. In 2012, she had a small role in Seth MacFarlane's comedy film "Ted", playing Mark Wahlberg's coworker Tanya.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: In 2014, she appeared in the TV adaptation of the Kelley Armstrong novel "Bitten", which premiered on January 13, 2014.


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: In 2016, Vandervoort appeared as the supervillain Indigo/Brainiac 8 in three episodes of season one of the CBS action-adventure series "Supergirl".


title: Laura Vandervoort

text: In 2019, Vandervoort appeared in the Netflix adaptation of the Jonathan Maberry book series "V Wars" alongside Ian Somerhalder, Adrian Holmes, and Peter Outerbridge, premiered on December 5, 2019.


title: Naresh (actor)

text: Vijaya Krishna Naresh (born 20 January 1964), known mononymously as Naresh, is an Indian actor, politician and social activist known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema and television. He began acting as a child in 1970, and starred in around 200 films in a variety of roles as both lead and supporting actor. Some of the box office successes he appeared in were "Rendu Jella Sita" (1983), "Sreevariki Prema Lekha" (1984), "Sri Kanaka Mahalaxmi Recording Dance Troupe" (1987), "Bava Bava Panneeru" (1989), "Manasu Mamatha" (1990) and "Jamba Lakidi Pamba" (1993). He also received the title H.E. (his Excellency) and received a PhD in arts (his 2nd doctorate) from the United Nations ICDRHRP group.


title: Naresh (actor)

text: Naresh is son of actress Vijaya Nirmala and her first husband, K. S. Murthy. He mentioned in a TV interview that his father died when he was young and that he doesn't remember much about him. Naresh was married to Ramya Raghupathi with whom he has three sons.


title: Naresh (actor)

text: Naresh made his debut as a child actor in the film "Pandanti Kapuram" (1972) as well as "Kavitha", and "Santosh Sowbhagyam". He later made his debut as a lead actor, at the age of 17, with the box office hit "Nalugu Stambhalata" (1982), directed by Sri Jandhyala and produced by Navata Krishnam Raju. He followed it up with "Prema Sankellu" (1982), which was directed by his mother Vijaya Nirmala. His other notable works include "Rendu Jella Sita" (1983), "Sreevariki Prema Lekha" (1984), "Sri Kanaka Mahalaxmi Recording Dance Troupe" (1987), "Bava Bava Panneeru" (1989), "Manasu Mamatha" (1990), "Jamba Lakidi Pamba" (1993), and Gunasekhar's Sogasu Chuda Taramaa? (1995).


title: Naresh (actor)

text: After a small hiatus, he started his second innings as a supporting actor with Allari Ramudu in 2002, and then went on to appear in many memorable films such as: "Dhanalakshmi, I Love You" (2002), "Malliswari" (2004), "Oka Oorilo" (2005), "Mee Sreyobhilashi" (2007), "Andari Bandhuvaya" (2010), "100% Love" (2011), "Chandamama Kathalu" and "Drushyam" (2014), "Bhale Bhale Magadivoy" (2015), "Guntur Talkies" (2016), "Sathamanam Bhavati" (2017), "Rangasthalam" (2018), and "Sammohanam" (2018).


title: Naresh (actor)

text: He worked as a state youth wing president of AP, and state secretary BJP, state general secretary vice president of BJP and also contested from Hindupur parliamentary seat. He also did a 125 km Padayatra from Icchampally Project to Warangal alongside C. Vidyasagar Rao for linking of "Krishna and Godavari" waters and is active in the Rayalaseema development. He is the founder president of KIV Kalakarula Ikya Vidika an NGO a non-profit and non-governmental organization, which works to protect ancient arts and support artists.


title: Naresh (actor)

text: Naresh received the state Nandi Award for Best Actor for "Sogasu Chuda Taramaa?" (1995), the Nandi Special Jury Award for "Chitram Bhalare Vichitram" (1992), and the platinum award for best feature film, "Parampara" (2014). He has also received one Television Nandi Award for his work in Doordarshan's "Munimanikyam Gari Kantham Kadhalu".


title: Naresh (actor)

text: He starred in the films "Shrutilayalu" (1987), that premiered at the International Film Festival of India and "Hindustan The Mother" (2000), which premiered at the International Film Festival of India, BFI London Film Festival and Mumbai Film Festival. In 2007 he appeared in "Mee Sreyobhilashi", which also premiered at the International Film Festival of India. In 2014, he acted in "Parampara", which won the Platinum Award for Best Feature at the International Indonesian Movie Awards, and premiered at the Jakarta International Film Festival.


title: Naresh (actor)

text: Naresh received the "Servant Of The Poor" award on the occasion of the 4th national meet of CNRI held during 4–6 November 2009 at New Delhi, presented by the union Minister for Rural Development C. P. Joshi.


title: Naresh (actor)

text: In 2017, he spoke about displaying arts in Indian films at the University of Bedfordshire in the presence of the vice chancellor.


title: Epistolary novel

text: An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of letters. The term is often extended to cover novels that intersperse documents of other kinds with the letters, most commonly diary entries and newspaper clippings, and sometimes considered to include novels composed of documents even if they don't include letters at all. More recently, epistolaries may include electronic documents such as recordings and radio, blog posts, and e-mails. The word "epistolary" is derived from Latin from the Greek word ἐπιστολή "epistolē", meaning a letter (see epistle). In German, this type of novel is known as a Briefroman.


title: Epistolary novel

text: The epistolary form can add greater realism to a story, because it mimics the workings of real life. It is thus able to demonstrate differing points of view without recourse to the device of an omniscient narrator. An important strategic device in the epistolary novel for creating the impression of authenticity of the letters is the fictional editor.


title: Epistolary novel

text: There are two theories on the genesis of the epistolary novel. The first claims that the genre is originated from novels with inserted letters, in which the portion containing the third-person narrative in between the letters was gradually reduced. The other theory claims that the epistolary novel arose from miscellanies of letters and poetry: some of the letters were tied together into a (mostly amorous) plot. Both claims have some validity. The first truly epistolary novel, the Spanish "Prison of Love" ("Cárcel de amor") (c. 1485) by Diego de San Pedro, belongs to a tradition of novels in which a large number of inserted letters already dominated the narrative. Other well-known examples of early epistolary novels are closely related to the tradition of letter-books and miscellanies of letters. Within the successive editions of Edmé Boursault's "Letters of Respect, Gratitude and Love" ("Lettres de respect, d'obligation et d'amour") (1669), a group of letters written to a girl named Babet were expanded and became more and more distinct from the other letters, until it formed a small epistolary novel entitled "Letters to Babet" ("Lettres à Babet"). The immensely famous "Letters of a Portuguese Nun" ("Lettres portugaises") (1669) generally attributed to Gabriel-Joseph de La Vergne, comte de Guilleragues, though a small minority still regard Marianna Alcoforado as the author, is claimed to be intended to be part of a miscellany of Guilleragues prose and poetry. The founder of the epistolary novel in English is said by many to be James Howell (1594–1666) with "Familiar Letters" (1645–50), who writes of prison, foreign adventure, and the love of women.


title: Epistolary novel

text: Perhaps first work to fully utilize the potential of an epistolary novel was "Love-Letters Between a Nobleman and His Sister". This work was published anonymously in three volumes (1684, 1685, and 1687), and has been attributed to Aphra Behn though its authorship remains disputed in the 21st Century. The novel shows the genre's results of changing perspectives: individual points were presented by the individual characters, and the central voice of the author and moral evaluation disappeared (at least in the first volume; further volumes introduced a narrator). The author furthermore explored a realm of intrigue with complex scenarios such as letters that fall into the wrong hands, faked letters, or letters withheld by protagonists.


title: Epistolary novel

text: The epistolary novel as a genre became popular in the 18th century in the works of such authors as Samuel Richardson, with his immensely successful novels "Pamela" (1740) and "Clarissa" (1749). John Cleland's early erotic novel "Fanny Hill" (1748) is written as a series of letters from the titular character to an unnamed recipient. In France, there was "Lettres persanes" (1721) by Montesquieu, followed by "Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse" (1761) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Choderlos de Laclos' "Les Liaisons dangereuses" (1782), which used the epistolary form to great dramatic effect, because the sequence of events was not always related directly or explicitly. In Germany, there was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "The Sorrows of Young Werther" ("Die Leiden des jungen Werther") (1774) and Friedrich Hölderlin's "Hyperion". The first Canadian novel, "The History of Emily Montague" (1769) by Frances Brooke, and twenty years later the first American novel, "The Power of Sympathy" (1789) by William Hill Brown, were both written in epistolary form.


title: Epistolary novel

text: Starting in the 18th century, the epistolary form was subject to much ridicule, resulting in a number of savage burlesques. The most notable example of these was Henry Fielding's "Shamela" (1741), written as a parody of "Pamela". In it, the female narrator can be found wielding a pen and scribbling her diary entries under the most dramatic and unlikely of circumstances. Oliver Goldsmith used the form to satirical effect in "The Citizen of the World", subtitled "Letters from a Chinese Philosopher Residing in London to his Friends in the East" (1760–61). So did the diarist Fanny Burney in a successful comic first novel, "Evelina" (1788).


title: Epistolary novel

text: The epistolary novel slowly became less popular after 18th century. Although Jane Austen tried the epistolary in juvenile writings and her novella "Lady Susan" (1794), she abandoned this structure for her later work. It is thought that her lost novel "First Impressions", which was redrafted to become "Pride and Prejudice", may have been epistolary: "Pride and Prejudice" contains an unusual number of letters quoted in full and some play a critical role in the plot.


title: Epistolary novel

text: The epistolary form nonetheless saw continued use, surviving in exceptions or in fragments in nineteenth-century novels. In Honoré de Balzac's novel "Letters of Two Brides", two women who became friends during their education at a convent correspond over a 17-year period, exchanging letters describing their lives. Mary Shelley employs the epistolary form in her novel "Frankenstein" (1818). Shelley uses the letters as one of a variety of framing devices, as the story is presented through the letters of a sea captain and scientific explorer attempting to reach the north pole who encounters Victor Frankenstein and records the dying man's narrative and confessions. Published in 1848, Anne Brontë's novel "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall" is framed as a retrospective letter from one of the main heroes to his friend and brother-in-law with the diary of the eponymous tenant inside it. In the late 19th century, Bram Stoker released one of the most widely recognized and successful novels in the epistolary form to date, "Dracula". Printed in 1897, the novel is compiled entirely of letters, diary entries, newspaper clippings, telegrams, doctor's notes, ship's logs, and the like.


title: Epistolary novel

text: Epistolary novels can be categorized based on the number of people whose letters are included. This gives three types of epistolary novels: monophonic (giving the letters of only one character, like "Letters of a Portuguese Nun" and "The Sorrows of Young Werther"), dialogic (giving the letters of two characters, like Mme Marie Jeanne Riccoboni's "Letters of Fanni Butler" (1757), and polyphonic (with three or more letter-writing characters, such as in Bram Stoker's "Dracula"). A crucial element in polyphonic epistolary novels like "Clarissa" and "Dangerous Liaisons" is the dramatic device of 'discrepant awareness': the simultaneous but separate correspondences of the heroines and the villains creating dramatic tension. They can also be classified according to their type and quantity of use of non-letter documents, though this has obvious correlations with the number of voices - for example, newspaper clippings are unlikely to feature heavily in a monophonic epistolary and considerably more likely in a polyphonic one.


title: Helter Skelter (song)

text: "Helter Skelter" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 album "The Beatles" (also known as "the White Album"). It was written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. The song was McCartney's attempt to create a sound as loud and dirty as possible. It is regarded as a key influence in the early development of heavy metal. In 1976, the song was released as the B-side of "Got to Get You into My Life" in the United States, to promote the Capitol Records compilation "Rock 'n' Roll Music".


title: Helter Skelter (song)

text: Along with other tracks from the White Album, "Helter Skelter" was interpreted by cult leader Charles Manson as a message predicting inter-racial war in the US. A vision of this uprising was named after the song. "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked "Helter Skelter" 52nd on its list of "The 100 Greatest Beatles Songs". Siouxsie and the Banshees, Mötley Crüe, Aerosmith, U2, Oasis and Pat Benatar are among the artists who have covered the track, and McCartney has frequently performed it in concert.


title: Helter Skelter (song)

text: Paul McCartney was inspired to write "Helter Skelter" after reading an interview with the Who's Pete Townshend where he described their September 1967 single, "I Can See for Miles", as the loudest, rawest, dirtiest song the Who had ever recorded. He said he then wrote "Helter Skelter" "to be the most raucous vocal, the loudest drums, ext". On 20 November 1968, two days before the release of "The Beatles" (also known as "the White Album"), McCartney gave Radio Luxembourg an exclusive interview, in which he commented on several of the album's songs. Speaking of "Helter Skelter", he said:


title: Helter Skelter (song)

text: In British English, a helter skelter is a fairground attraction consisting of a tall spiral slide winding round a tower, but the phrase can also mean chaos and disorder. McCartney said that he was "using the symbol of a helter skelter as a ride from the top to the bottom; the rise and fall of the Roman Empire – and this was the fall, the demise." He later said that the song was a response to critics who accused him of writing only sentimental ballads and being "the soppy one" of the band. Although the song is credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership, it was written by McCartney alone. John Lennon acknowledged in a 1980 interview: "That's Paul "completely"."


title: Helter Skelter (song)

text: The song is in the key of E major and in a 4/4 time signature. On the recording issued on "The Beatles", its structure comprises two combinations of verse and chorus, followed by an instrumental passage and a third verse–chorus combination. This is followed by a prolonged ending during which the performance stops, picks up again, fades out, fades back in, and then fades out one final time amidst a cacophony of sounds.<ref name="Pollack/Notes"></ref> The stereo mix features one more section that fades in and concludes the song.


title: Helter Skelter (song)

text: The only chords used in the song are E7, G and A, with the first of these being played throughout the extended ending. Musicologist Walter Everett comments on the musical form: "There is no dominant and little tonal function; organized noise is the brief." The lyrics initially follow the title's fairground theme, from the opening line "When I get to the bottom I go back to the top of the slide". McCartney completes the first half-verse with a hollered "and then I see you AGAIN!" The lyrics then become more suggestive and provocative, with the singer asking, "But do you, don't you, want me to love you?"<ref name="O'Toole/SomethingElse"></ref> In author Jonathan Gould's description, "The song turns the colloquialism for a fairground ride into a metaphor for the sort of frenzied, operatic sex that adolescent boys of all ages like to fantasize about."


title: Helter Skelter (song)

text: "Helter Skelter" was recorded several times during the sessions for the White Album. During the 18 July 1968 session, the Beatles recorded take 3 of the song, lasting 27 minutes and 11 seconds, although this version is slower, differing greatly from the album version. Chris Thomas produced the 9 September session in George Martin's absence. He recalled the session was especially spirited: "While Paul was doing his vocal, George Harrison had set fire to an ashtray and was running around the studio with it above his head, doing an Arthur Brown." Ringo Starr recalled: Helter Skelter' was a track we did in total madness and hysterics in the studio. Sometimes you just had to shake out the jams."