title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: The final scene shows Harry, having had his missing finger replaced by a metal prosthesis, volunteering for a new homicide case.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: Jo Nesbø, who wrote the novel on which the film is based, was supposed to have a small cameo, but his scenes were cut.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: According to "Variety", the initial hope with the film to was to create a series in the vein of the "Alex Cross" film adaptations. Screen Rant has suggested that the film was inspired by the success of "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo" (2011).


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: For a while, Martin Scorsese was attached to direct, but he dropped out in 2013. Tomas Alfredson was hired to direct the following year. Prior to Alfredson, the studio had considered Morten Tyldum and Baltasar Kormákur, although they declined. By September 2015, Michael Fassbender was in talks to star in the film, and Rebecca Ferguson and Charlotte Gainsbourg were in talks to join the cast by that October and December, respectively.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: Principal photography on the film commenced on 18 January 2016 in Oslo, Norway. Fassbender was spotted on set on 21 January, in the Barcode area of Oslo, shooting a scene on the tram. A large scene depicting a party, which required over 300 extras, was shot in Oslo City Hall on 5 February. Production moved to Rjukan on 9 February, and to Bergen on 23 February. Filming in Bergen including scenes on the mountain of Ulriken, Bryggen and the Skansen firestation. Production moved back to Oslo for the remainder of filming, in mid-March. This included scenes at Restaurant Schrøder, where Harry Hole is a regular in the novel series. Filming also took place in Drammen, and on the Atlantic Ocean Road, and ended on 1 April 2016.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: In response to the negative critical reviews, Alfredson blamed the heavily-condensed pre-production and rushed filming schedule, in which 10–15 per cent of the screenplay remained unfilmed. This led to narrative problems when editing commenced:


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: Actor Val Kilmer suffered from an enlarged tongue during filming due to recent treatment for throat cancer. As such, many of his scenes were filmed without the actor visibly speaking as so to allow easier dubbing during post-production. To that end, all of Kilmer's dialogue is dubbed.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: Universal Pictures released a poster on 18 July 2017, and the first trailer for the film premiered the following day. An international trailer was released on 5 September. The poster, featuring a child-like drawn doodle of a snowman and a note to the police, became a popular Internet meme shortly after its release.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: "The Snowman" premiered at the Haifa International Film Festival on 7 October 2017. It was theatrically released on 13 October 2017 in the United Kingdom and 20 October 2017 in the United States.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: "The Snowman" grossed $6.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $36.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $43.1 million, against a production budget of $35 million.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: In the United States and Canada, "The Snowman" was released alongside "Boo 2! A Madea Halloween", "Geostorm", and "Only The Brave", and was expected to gross around $10 million from 1,813 theaters in its opening weekend. However, after making $1.3 million on its first day (including $270,000 from Thursday night previews), weekend predictions were lowered to $4 million. The film went on to debut to $3.2 million, finishing 8th at the box office. In its second weekend, the film dropped 64% to $1.2 million, falling to 17th place at the box office. The film was then pulled from 1,291 theaters in its third week, and fell 86% to $167,685, finishing 33rd.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: "The Snowman" was panned by critics, who derided what they saw as the film's scattered and incomprehensible plot line, as well as a lack of direction for its main cast members. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 6%, based on 201 reviews, with an average rating of 3.20/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "A mystery that feels as mashed together and perishable as its title, "The Snowman" squanders its bestselling source material as well as a top-notch ensemble cast." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 23 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "D" on an A+ to F scale.


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: Justin Chang of the "Los Angeles Times" gave the film a negative review, writing "There's probably a good movie or several buried in the frigid wilds of Nesbø's fiction, and with more time and cultural nuance and fewer cooks in the kitchen, it might well be realized. Watching this bungled slopsicle of a movie, it's hard not to conclude that somebody let the wrong one in." "Variety"'s Guy Lodge also called the film a disappointment, saying: "If "The Snowman" were merely a chilly, streamlined precis of a knottier page-turner, it could stolidly pass muster. The sad surprise here, considering how deftly Alfredson and Straughan previously navigated the far more serpentine plot machinations of a John le Carré classic ["Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy"], is the snowballing incoherence of proceedings." Manohla Dargis of "The New York Times" called the film a "leaden, clotted, exasperating mess". Alison Willmore of "BuzzFeed News" said that the film was "an inept misfire — the kind of entrancing train wreck that makes you long for a behind-the-scene tell-all to explain what, exactly, went so wrong."


title: The Snowman (2017 film)

text: Peter Bradshaw of "The Guardian" gave it 3/5 stars, calling it "a serviceable, watchable thriller, with very gruesome images, coagulating around psychopathologies of father obsession and son obsession". Geoffrey Macnab of "The Independent" also gave it 3/5 stars, saying that it was "a very slick slice of Scandinavian noir but one whose plot slaloms become increasingly preposterous."


title: Karen Bass

text: Karen Ruth Bass (; born October 3, 1953) is an American politician, social worker and former physician assistant who is serving as the 43rd mayor of Los Angeles since 2022. A member of the Democratic Party, Bass had previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2022, representing from 2011 to 2013 and from 2013 to 2022. She also served in the California State Assembly from 2004 to 2010 and spent her final term serving as speaker.


title: Karen Bass

text: A Los Angeles native, Bass attended college at California State University, Dominguez Hills and the University of Southern California. She spent her career as a physician assistant and community activist before seeking public office. Before her election to Congress, Bass represented the 47th district in the California State Assembly for six years. In 2008, she was elected to serve as the 67th speaker of the California State Assembly, becoming the first African-American woman in United States history to serve as a speaker of a state legislative body. She won the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award in 2010 for her leadership during the Great Recession.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2010. She represented California's 33rd congressional district during her first term, though redistricting moved her to the 37th district in 2012. She chaired the Congressional Black Caucus during the 116th Congress. She also chaired the United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations and the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass won the 2022 Los Angeles mayoral election to become the first woman and second black mayor of Los Angeles. She was ceremonially sworn in on December 11, 2022 by Vice President Kamala Harris. Bass began her term the following day, December 12.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Wilhelmina (née Duckett) and DeWitt Talmadge Bass. Her father was a postal letter carrier and her mother was a homemaker. She was raised in the Venice and Fairfax neighborhoods of Los Angeles and graduated from Alexander Hamilton High School in 1971.


title: Karen Bass

text: Witnessing the civil rights movement on television with her father as a child sparked her interest in community activism. While in middle school, Bass began volunteering for Bobby Kennedy's presidential campaign. In the mid-1970s she was an organizer for the Venceremos Brigade, a pro-Cuban group that organized trips by Americans to Cuba. She visited Cuba eight times in the 1970s.


title: Karen Bass

text: She went on to study philosophy at San Diego State University from 1971-1973, and graduated from the USC Keck School of Medicine Physician Assistant Program in 1982. She then earned a bachelor of science degree in health sciences from California State University, Dominguez Hills in 1990. She also received her master's degree in social work from the University of Southern California in 2015.


title: Karen Bass

text: In the 1980s, while working as an emergency medicine physician assistant and a clinical instructor at the Keck School of Medicine of USC Physician Assistant Program, Bass witnessed the impact of the crack epidemic in South Los Angeles. After attending "Crack: The Death of a Race", a San Francisco conference hosted by the Reverend Cecil Williams, she decided to organize a response.


title: Karen Bass

text: In the late 1980s, Bass and other local community organizers founded Community Coalition, an organization with a mission to help transform the social and economic conditions in South Los Angeles that foster addiction, crime, violence, and poverty by building a community institution that involves thousands in creating, influencing, and changing public policy.


title: Karen Bass

text: In 2004, Bass was elected to represent California's 47th Assembly district. At her inauguration, she became the only African-American woman serving in the state legislature. She was reelected in 2006 and 2008 before her term limit expired. Bass served the cities and communities of Culver City, West Los Angeles, Westwood, Cheviot Hills, Leimert Park, Baldwin Hills, View Park-Windsor Hills, Ladera Heights, the Crenshaw District, Little Ethiopia and portions of Koreatown and South Los Angeles.


title: Karen Bass

text: Speaker Fabian Núñez appointed Bass California State Assembly majority whip for the 2005–06 legislative session and majority floor leader for the 2007–08 legislative session. During her first term, she founded and chaired the California Assembly Select Committee on Foster Care, implementing a host of new laws to help improve the state's foster care system and leading the effort to secure $82 million in additional funding for the state's child welfare system. Under her direction, the Select Committee passed legislation designed to improve the lives of California's most vulnerable children.


title: Karen Bass

text: During her term as majority whip, Bass also served as vice chair of the Legislative Black Caucus. As vice chair, she commissioned the first ever "State of Black California" report, which included a statewide organizing effort to involve Black Californians in town halls in every part of the state with a prevalent Black community to solicit ideas for a legislative agenda. The result of the report was a legislative agenda for the Black community that was released during her term as majority floor leader.


title: Karen Bass

text: Núñez termed out of the Assembly at the end of the 2007–08 session, leaving Bass as the next-highest-ranking Democrat in the Assembly. After consolidating the support of a majority of legislators, including some who had previously been planning to run for the speakership themselves, Bass was elected speaker on February 28, 2008, and sworn in on May 13, 2008.


title: Karen Bass

text: As speaker, Bass promoted numerous laws to improve the state's child welfare system. During her first year, she ushered through expansion of Healthy Families Insurance Coverage to prevent children from going without health insurance and worked to eliminate bureaucratic impediments to the certification of small businesses. She also secured more than $2.3 million to help revitalize the historic Vision Theater in Los Angeles and more than $600 million for Los Angeles Unified School District. Bass worked with the governor and initiated the California Commission on the 21st-Century Economy to reform California's tax code. She also fought to repeal the California Citizens Redistricting Commission.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass became speaker during a period of severe economic turmoil. Negotiations over a spending plan to address a multi-billion dollar budget shortfall began the day Bass was sworn in. A statement by the John F. Kennedy Foundation included the following description of events: In February 2009, amid one of the worst budget crises in California's history, an imploding economy, and potentially catastrophic partisan deadlock, the state's Republican and Democratic party leaders came together to address the financial emergency. After weeks of grueling negotiation, the legislative leaders and Gov. Schwarzenegger reached an agreement on a comprehensive deal to close most of a $42 billion shortfall, putting an end to years of government inaction and sidestepping of the difficult decisions necessary to address California's increasingly dire fiscal crisis. The deal was objectionable to almost everyone; it contained tax increases, which the Republicans had long pledged to oppose, and draconian spending cuts, which brought intense criticism to the Democrats. The two Republicans were ousted from their party leadership positions over the agreement. Voters defeated the budget referendum in May 2009.In June 2009, Bass drew criticism from conservative commentators for statements she made during an interview with "Los Angeles Times" reporter Patt Morrison in response to a question about how conservative talk radio affected the Assembly's efforts to pass a state budget. Referencing the condemnation from conservative talk radio hosts that three Republicans experienced after they voted for a Democrat-sponsored plan to create revenue by raising taxes, Bass described the pressures Republican lawmakers face: The Republicans were essentially threatened and terrorized against voting for revenue. Now [some] are facing recalls. They operate under a terrorist threat: "You vote for revenue and your career is over." I don't know why we allow that kind of terrorism to exist. I guess it's about free speech, but it's extremely unfair.Bass, Dave Cogdill, Darrell Steinberg, and Michael Villines received the 2010 Profile in Courage Award for their leadership in the budget negotiations and their efforts to address the severe financial crisis. In presenting them with the award, Caroline Kennedy said: Faced with a budget crisis of unprecedented magnitude, Karen Bass, Dave Cogdill, Darrell Steinberg and Mike Villines had the courage to negotiate with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and with each other on a compromise they believed was in the best interest of the citizens of California. Each made sacrifices, and each knew their agreement would have painful and far-reaching consequences for their constituents and for their own careers.


title: Karen Bass

text: In 2010, Congresswoman Diane Watson retired from Congress and encouraged Bass to run for her seat. Bass was ineligible to run for reelection to the State Assembly in 2010 due to California's term limits so on February 18, 2010, Bass confirmed her candidacy to represent California's 33rd congressional district.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass raised $932,281.19 and spent $768,918.65. Her 2010 campaign contributions came from diverse groups, with none donating more than 15% of her total campaign funds. The five major donors to her campaign were labor unions, with $101,950; financial institutions, with $90,350; health professionals, with $87,900; the entertainment industry, with $52,400; and lawyers and law firms, with $48,650.


title: Karen Bass

text: In redistricting following the 2010 census, the district was renumbered from 33rd to 37th. In 2012 she had no primary opponent and won the general election with 86% of the vote. She raised $692,988.53 and spent $803,966.15, leaving $52,384.92 on hand and a debt of $3,297.59.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass was involved in President Barack Obama's reelection campaign. She played a leadership role in the California African Americans for Obama organization and served on Obama's national African American Leadership Council. Bass had also served as a co-chair of African Americans for Obama in California during the 2008 presidential campaign.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass was reelected to a fourth term with 81.1% of the vote. She endorsed Hillary Clinton for president in 2015. On August 3, 2016, Bass launched a petition to have then-candidate Donald Trump psychologically evaluated, suggesting that he exhibited symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). The petition was signed by 37,218 supporters. She did not attend President Trump's inauguration after conducting a poll on Twitter.


title: Karen Bass

text: Fueled by Trump's election and in an effort to channel Angelenos' political frustrations, Bass created the Sea Change Leadership PAC to activate, educate, and mobilize voters. She won her primary with 89.18% of the vote and was reelected to a fifth term with 88.2% of the vote.


title: Karen Bass

text: After the 2018 elections, Democrats regained the majority in the House of Representatives. Representative Seth Moulton and others who felt the current leadership was "too old" gathered signatures to replace Nancy Pelosi as the Democrats' leader. Bass was their first choice for leader, but she rejected the offer, supporting Pelosi for speaker. On November 28, 2018, Pelosi won the speakership on a 203-to-32 vote.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass served as the second vice chair of the Congressional Black Caucus during the 115th Congress. She was elected chair of the Congressional Black Caucus on November 28, 2018, and served in that capacity from 2019 to 2021.


title: Karen Bass

text: Throughout her time in Congress, Bass has been the top Democrat on the United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations. Her goal is to transform how Washington engages African nations and to promote the many opportunities to expand trade and economic growth between them and the U.S. One of her key priorities was to reauthorize and strengthen the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), which enables African nations to export goods to the U.S. duty-free. In 2015, Bass was instrumental in reauthorizing the bill.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass has advocated preventing and ending famine in Africa. In 2017, she helped secure nearly $1 billion in funds to combat famine in Nigeria, Somalia, and South Sudan. She has also introduced more than 50 bills and resolutions pertaining to democracy protection, expanding economic opportunity, and other issues in Africa. Bass continues to engage the African diaspora with regular popular policy breakfasts, which are open to the public.


title: Karen Bass

text: During the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, Bass supported H.Res.1203 and H. Res. 1165, condemning the military offensive launched by Azerbaijani and Turkish-backed forces on Artsakh.


title: Karen Bass

text: In response to the Armenian National Committee of America's endorsement for the 2022 Los Angeles mayoral election, Bass stated "For the past few decades, I have worked to hold Azerbaijan accountable and support the people of Artsakh."


title: Karen Bass

text: Upon arriving in Congress, Bass founded the Congressional Caucus on Foster Youth (CCFY), a bipartisan group of members of Congress that develops policy recommendations to strengthen the child welfare system. One of the group's most significant achievements was the passage of the Family First Prevention Services Act, also known as Family First, which was signed into law as part of the Bipartisan Budget Act on February 9, 2018. This reform aims to change child welfare systems across the country by addressing the top reasons children are removed from their homes and placed in foster care.


title: Karen Bass

text: Starting in May 2012, the Caucus began hosting an annual Foster Youth Shadow Day, during which foster youth come to Washington DC for a week to learn about advocating for reforms to the child welfare system. The week culminates in Shadow Day, when participants spend a day following their member of Congress through their daily routine. Bass serves on the organization's board of directors.


title: Karen Bass

text: Nancy Pelosi appointed Bass to chair the Democratic Committee on Caucus and Procedures, previously known as the Committee on Oversight, Study and Review (OSR), in 2014. She served in that capacity for six years. The committee is responsible for reviewing and recommending rules for the House of Representatives Democratic caucus.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass believes that the criminal justice system is broken in part due to the disproportionate incarceration rates of poor people of color. Bass currently serves as Chair of the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. She has long called for criminal justice reform and to pay special attention to the way women are treated by the criminal justice system: how they originally entered the system, how they are treated in prison, and what happens to them after they are released.


title: Karen Bass

text: In 2018, she voted in favor of the First Step Act, which focused on rehabilitating people in prison by incentivizing them with the possibility of an earlier release. Her contribution to the bill was a section addressing what she considers the inhumane practice of shackling women during pregnancy, labor and delivery.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass believes that climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing the country and the world. Shortly before EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned, she signed a letter to Trump demanding that Pruitt be fired for ethics violations. Bass also strongly supports the Paris Climate Agreement, and was one of the first 30 members of Congress to support the Green New Deal.


title: Karen Bass

text: While campaigning for Congress in 2010, Bass supported legislation that with other regulations would have required all gun dealers to report sales to the federal government.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass participated in the 2016 sit-in against gun violence in the House of Representatives. Democratic members of Congress adopted the slogan "No Bill, No Break" in an attempt to push the introduction of gun control legislation.


title: Karen Bass

text: Following a burglary of her home in the Baldwin Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles in 2022, Bass confirmed that two legally registered handguns she owned had been stolen.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass strongly supports legislation to prohibit the sale, transfer, manufacture, and importation of semiautomatic weapons and ammunition-feeding devices capable of accepting more than ten rounds in the United States. In 2019, she voted in favor of legislation to require a background check for every firearm sale and to close the loophole that allowed a gun to be acquired in the Charleston church massacre.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass supports universal health care and was one of the founders of the Congressional Medicare for All Caucus. She has voted more than 60 times against repeal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, believing that Congress should improve it rather than repeal it.


title: Karen Bass

text: In 2022, Bass said that she supported more housing in Los Angeles, but opposed changing zoning regulations so that denser housing would be allowed in neighborhoods that mandate single-family housing. At the time, three-quarters of all residentially zoned land in Los Angeles was exclusively zoned for single-family housing.


title: Karen Bass

text: In July 2018, Bass visited a federal facility used to detain migrant families and children separated from their parents after calling for the resignation of Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen. She also introduced the Family Unity Rights and Protections Act, which would require the federal government to reunite families that have been forcibly separated at the border.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass has supported a ballot proposal in California to repeal the ban on race-based admission policies.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass voted for the proposed articles of against Trump. Of the vote, she tweeted, "He abused the power of his office. He obstructed Congress. No one is above the law."


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass is in favor of net neutrality and has supported legislation to protect the internet from attempts to roll back regulations. She supported the 2018 Music Modernization Act, which creates a formalized body, run by publishers, that administers the "mechanical licensing" of compositions hosted on music streaming services.


title: Karen Bass

text: In 2020 Bass was one of more than 115 House Democrats to sign a letter criticizing Israel's plan to annex parts of Palestinian territory in the occupied West Bank. She co-sponsored House Resolution 729, which expressed support for defense aid to Israel.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass has fought to give tax reductions for small businesses to hire new employees, increase the flow of credit to small businesses so they can grow and create jobs, and extend the research and development tax credit that encourages innovation and job creation. She also introduced the Local Hire Act to allow cities and counties to prioritize hiring local residents for infrastructure projects. The rule resulted in new jobs in Los Angeles. In May 2018, Bass and members of the Congressional Black Caucus introduced the Jobs and Justice Act of 2018, omnibus legislation that would increase Black families' upward social mobility and help ensure equal protection under the law.


title: Karen Bass

text: In 2018, the Los Angeles Stonewall Democratic Club named Bass its Public Official of the Year. In 2019, she voted in favor of the Equality Act, which would ban discrimination against LGBTQ people in housing, employment, education, credit and financing, and more.


title: Karen Bass

text: In 2019, Bass introduced two pieces of legislation to address student loan debt. The Student Loan Fairness Act of 2019 addresses this crisis in three major ways: creating a new "10-10" standard, capping the interest rate, and accounting for cost of living. With Danny Davis, she also introduced the Financial Aid Fairness for Students (FAFSA) Act, which would repeal a law that makes it all but impossible for people with a drug conviction to receive federal financial aid for higher education.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass is considered a liberal in her fiscal positions. She has a rating of 10% from the conservative California Tax Payers Association. The more liberal Consumer Federation of California gives her very high ratings. Bass has supported keeping taxes low for the middle class and "tax credits for small businesses to hire new employees". She has said that the Bush tax cuts for the wealthy should expire. In 2017, she voted against the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, citing its disproportionate impact on California's middle-class families.


title: Karen Bass

text: After the murder of George Floyd and massive nationwide protests, Bass and Representative Jerry Nadler co-authored the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2020, aimed at restraining police practices such as chokeholds, carotid holds, and no-knock warrants, and making it easier to prosecute police if they break the law.


title: Karen Bass

text: The bill passed the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives on a mostly party-line vote of 220–212, but not the evenly divided Senate amid opposition from Republicans. Negotiations between Republican and Democratic senators on a reform bill collapsed in September 2021.


title: Karen Bass

text: In July 2020, Bass was discussed as a potential running mate for presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden. Biden reportedly narrowed the field of possible vice presidential selections to a few women, and Bass "gained real traction in the late stage of the search". "Politico" called Bass "a bridge-building politician who can draw accolades and concessions from both sides of the aisle".


title: Karen Bass

text: During this time, a video emerged of Bass speaking at the 2010 opening of a Scientology church in Los Angeles outside her district. Bass gave a speech praising the Church of Scientology for fighting against inequality, singling out the words of founder L. Ron Hubbard "that all people of whatever race, color or creed are created with equal rights." In 2020, Bass defended her past remarks, tweeting that she had addressed "a group of people with beliefs very different than my own" and "spoke briefly about things I think most of us agree with". Additionally, Bass tweeted, in reference to the Church of Scientology, that "[s]ince then, published first-hand accounts in books, interviews and documentaries have exposed this group."


title: Karen Bass

text: When Biden chose Kamala Harris as his running mate, Bass tweeted, "@KamalaHarris is a great choice for Vice President. Her tenacious pursuit of justice and relentless advocacy for the people is what is needed right now."


title: Karen Bass

text: In November 2020, Biden considered Bass for Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and Secretary of Health and Human Services. Ultimately, Biden nominated California Attorney General Xavier Becerra to the post.


title: Karen Bass

text: On September 27, 2021, Bass announced her candidacy for mayor of Los Angeles in the 2022 election. Her campaign focused on addressing causes of Los Angeles's homelessness problem and ending homeless encampments around elementary schools and public parks and beaches. Former mayor Antonio Villaraigosa endorsed Bass. Bass was the top vote earner in the June 7 primary and faced Rick Caruso in the November runoff, On November 16, the Associated Press declared her the mayor-elect. Caruso spent $100 million of his own money on his campaign.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass was officially sworn in by the Los Angeles City Clerk on December 10, 2022, succeeding Eric Garcetti. The following day, she was ceremonially sworn in by Vice President Kamala Harris at a public inauguration event. She officially assumed office on December 12. Bass is the first woman and the second Black person, after Tom Bradley, to serve as mayor of Los Angeles. Fulfilling a campaign promise, Bass declared a city state of emergency on homelessness as her first act as mayor.


title: Karen Bass

text: From 1980 to 1986, Bass was married to Jesus Lechuga. Following their divorce, Bass and Lechuga jointly raised their daughter and her siblings, Bass's four stepchildren, Scythia, Omar, Yvette, and Ollin. Her daughter, Emilia Bass-Lechuga, and son-in-law, Michael Wright, were killed in a car crash in 2006.


title: Karen Bass

text: On September 9, 2022, Bass's Los Angeles home was burglarized and two firearms were stolen. In a public statement, Bass called the incident "unnerving" and "something that far too many Angelenos have faced." According to Bass, the firearms had been securely stored, and no other valuables were taken from her home. As of September 14, two suspects in the criminal investigation were detained at the LAPD Valley Jail awaiting trial on residential burglary charges. In an interview, Bass said the incident "shattered" her sense of safety within Los Angeles.


title: Qubit

text: In quantum computing, a qubit () or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two states can be taken to be the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of both states simultaneously, a property that is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.


title: Qubit

text: The coining of the term "qubit" is attributed to Benjamin Schumacher. In the acknowledgments of his 1995 paper, Schumacher states that the term "qubit" was created in jest during a conversation with William Wootters.


title: Qubit

text: When averaged over both of its states (0,1), a binary digit can represent up to one bit of Shannon information, where a bit is the basic unit of information.


title: Qubit

text: In classical computer technologies, a "processed" bit is implemented by one of two levels of low DC voltage, and whilst switching from one of these two levels to the other, a so-called "forbidden zone" between two logic levels must be passed as fast as possible, as electrical voltage cannot change from one level to another instantaneously.


title: Qubit

text: There are two possible outcomes for the measurement of a qubit—usually taken to have the value "0" and "1", like a bit or binary digit. However, whereas the state of a bit can only be either 0 or 1, the general state of a qubit according to quantum mechanics can be a coherent superposition of both. Moreover, whereas a measurement of a classical bit would not disturb its state, a measurement of a qubit would destroy its coherence and irrevocably disturb the superposition state. It is possible to fully encode one bit in one qubit. However, a qubit can hold more information, e.g., up to two bits using superdense coding.


title: Qubit

text: For a system of "n" components, a complete description of its state in classical physics requires only "n" bits, whereas in quantum physics it requires 2 complex numbers (or a single point in a 2-dimensional vector space).


title: Qubit

text: In quantum mechanics, the general quantum state of a qubit can be represented by a linear superposition of its two orthonormal basis states (or basis vectors). These vectors are usually denoted as


title: Qubit

text: formula_2. They are written in the conventional Dirac—or "bra–ket"—notation; the formula_3 and formula_4 are pronounced "ket 0" and "ket 1", respectively. These two orthonormal basis states, <math>\


title: Qubit

text: In 2008 a team of scientists from the U.K. and U.S. reported the first relatively long (1.75 seconds) and coherent transfer of a superposition state in an electron spin "processing" qubit to a nuclear spin "memory" qubit. This event can be considered the first relatively consistent quantum data storage, a vital step towards the development of quantum computing. In 2013, a modification of similar systems (using charged rather than neutral donors) has dramatically extended this time, to 3 hours at very low temperatures and 39 minutes at room temperature. Room temperature preparation of a qubit based on electron spins instead of nuclear spin was also demonstrated by a team of scientists from Switzerland and Australia. An increased coherence of qubits is being explored by researchers who are testing the limitations of a Ge hole spin-orbit qubit structure.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: The Medium ( "Rang Song", literally: Mediumship) is a 2021 Thai-South Korean mockumentary supernatural horror film co-written and produced by Na Hong-jin and directed by Banjong Pisanthanakun. It is a co-production of Thailand's GDH 559 and South Korea's Showbox. The film was premiered at the 25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival on 11 July 2021. It was theatrically released in South Korea on 14 July 2021. It was selected as the Thai entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 94th Academy Awards but was not nominated.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: The film was adjudged as the best feature film at 25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival and was awarded with the Bucheon Choice Award for the best film. On the box office front as per Korean Film Council data, it is ranked 15th among all the films released in the year 2021 in South Korea, with gross of US$7.35 million and 831,126 admissions, as of 26 September 2021. It is the 6th highest-grossing Korean film of 2021.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: A documentary crew travels to the Isan region of Thailand to interview Nim, a medium/shaman who claims to be possessed by the spirit of Ba Yan, a local goddess. She had been chosen to be Ba Yan's host after her sister, Noi, refused to accept the role and converted to Christianity.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: Nim attends the funeral of Noi's husband, Wiroj, who died of a heart attack, and reveals that misfortune had befallen the men in his family. Wiroj's father killed himself after he was caught committing insurance fraud. Wiroj's son, Mac, died in a traffic accident. Noi is left with her daughter, Mink, and they live with Manit (Nim and Noi's brother) and his family.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: Mink starts behaving strangely and exhibiting multiple personalities, including those of an attention-seeking child, an old man, a drunkard, and a prostitute. She also hears voices in her head, has nightmares, and experiences abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She is fired from her job after her boss discovers that she has been having sex with different men at her workplace. Nim initially believes that Ba Yan has selected Mink to be the next host but Noi refuses a ceremony to transfer the spirit from Nim to Mink. Nim learns that Mink had committed incest with Mac, who had actually hanged himself, and thinks that Mac's ghost is haunting Mink. After Mink attempts suicide, Noi thinks Ba Yan is punishing Mink for refusing to be her host so she arranges for a shaman to conduct the transference ceremony without telling Nim. The ceremony fails and a possessed Mink attacks her mother before running away. Nim sees that Ba Yan's statue has been decapitated.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: A month later, Mink is found in a delirious state in the ruins of her grandfather's factory. Nim brings Mink to see a more powerful shaman, Santi, who says Mink has been possessed by numerous evil spirits. Mink's ancestors had been cursed for committing wicked deeds, hence the misfortunes that befell her family. The failed transference ceremony worsened Mink's condition by making her more vulnerable to possession by any spirit. Nim, along with Santi and his students, prepares for an elaborate ritual to exorcise Mink. In the days leading to the ritual, Mink creates havoc at home by briefly abducting Manit's son, boiling her family's dog alive and eating it, among other things, while Nim dies in her sleep the day before the ritual.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: During the ritual, Noi volunteers her body as a vessel to attract all the evil spirits haunting Mink, so that Santi can trap them in a container and bury it deep in the ground. Meanwhile, the possessed Mink has been locked in her room and the door sealed with paper charms; Manit's wife and others keep watch to ensure she does not come out until the ritual is complete. Halfway into the ritual, Manit's wife hears her son's crying coming from Mink's room and thinks that Mink has kidnapped her son again. She enters the room, only to be stabbed to death by Mink. All hell breaks loose when the evil spirits possess everyone involved in the ritual, making them kill themselves or each other.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: In the meantime, Mink kills everyone at home and goes to the factory, where she meets her mother and a few survivors. Noi is possessed by Ba Yan's spirit for a moment when she chants a prayer while touching her daughter's head, attempting to exorcise her. However, she is distracted when Mink apparently returns to normal and calls her "Mother". Mink uses the chance to burn her mother alive, while the survivors are eventually overwhelmed by the possessed.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: A mid-credits scene shows Nim undergoing a crisis of faith one day before her death. She wonders if she has really been possessed by Ba Yan before breaking down in tears.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: "The Medium" is sold by Finecut for the upcoming European Film Market and the film's rights had been already acquired by The Jokers for future theatrical release in France, and by Koch Films to German-speaking territories. As of September, Shudder had acquired the overall streaming rights and it will stream in the US on October 14.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: In Asia, the film has been licensed to Edko Films for Macau and Hong Kong (22 September 2021), MovieCloud for Taiwan (25 August 2021), Synca Creations for Japan (29 July 2022), to Encore Films for Malaysia (2 December 2021) and Indonesia (20 October 2021), Golden Village for Singapore (12 August 2021), M Pictures for Cambodia (26 November 2021) and Laos (6 January 2022) and Lumix Media for Vietnam (19 November 2021).


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: The film was premiered on July 11, 2021, at the 25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival, and it was released theatrically in South Korea on July 14, 2021.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: The film was made available for streaming and broadcasting in South Korea on IPTV, Skylife, HomeChoice cable TV, KT Seezn and others from September 16, 2021.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: The film was released on 14 July 2021, on 1403 screens. According to the integrated computer network for movie theater admissions by the Korea Film Council (KoFiC), the film ranked at first place at the Korean box office on opening day by collecting 129,917 audiences, surpassing the audiences of "Black Widow". On the 4th day of release it became the highest-grossing film in the horror genre by surpassing US$2.67 million gross. The cumulative audience of the film stands at 403,019 as on 17 July 2021.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: According to Korean Film Council (KOFIC) data, it is at 6th place among all the Korean films released in the year 2021, with gross of US$7.32 million and 831,126 admissions, as of 26 September 2021.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 77% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 22 reviews, with an average rating of 6.60/10.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: Jo Yeon-kyung of JTBC Entertainment News rated the film with 4 out of 5 stars and wrote that the film has a dense narrative, and the sequences of worship and scenes of exorcism are combined with Thailand's unique culture to generate newness. Describing the scary parts of the film, Yeon-kyung wrote, "The scariest thing is that the closer you get to the ending, the more you are getting used to the huge scene unfolding before your eyes. Of course, the level of understanding and impact may vary depending on the individual audience."


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: Seo Jeong-won writing for Maeil Business praised the performance of Narilya Gunmong Konket and opined, "I am so immersed in acting that I have to worry about the trauma that can occur." Warning the audience about some portions of the film which showed cannibalism, animal cruelty, self-harm, and incest, Jeong-won wrote that they be careful as they might find it cruel. But in Jeong-won's opinion those were essential to narrative.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: Kong Rithdee gave the film a positive review in the "Bangkok Post", praising its use of Thai folklore with the visual and narrative resemblance to South Korea thrillers.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: Choi Young-joo of CBS No Cut News wrote that the film directed in the form of found footage, has documentary character. Writing about the shamanic beliefs of the Isan region that not only humans but also everything in nature has a soul. Any action committed by ancestors became a curse and was passed down to the posterity, in context of the film it is the character Ming. Young-joo with respect to that belief wrote, ""The Medium" is a movie that makes you experience with your whole body that there are horror movies because there are human beings." Young-joo pointing out that in the film all the evils that humans can commit were in some way described, and albeit it was shown to portray human evil, but it did come to mind as to how far and how it would be shown.


title: The Medium (2021 film)

text: "Variety" praised the film's musical score, production design, and its references to Thai culture, but criticised its length and the mockumentary format.


title: Chloe Cherry

text: Chloe Cherry (born August 23, 1997) is an American actress, model, and pornographic actress. She started her pornographic career in 2015 with Hussie Models, eventually appearing in over 200 films. She made her acting debut as Faye on the HBO teen drama television series "Euphoria" (2022–present).


title: Chloe Cherry

text: Cherry was born on August 23, 1997, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where she was also raised, describing her upbringing as "very conservative and boring". In high school, she worked on her school's yearbook, read morning announcements, and briefly managed a band.


title: Chloe Cherry

text: In 2015, one week after she turned 18 years old, she moved from Lancaster to Miami to become a pornographic actress. She was soon signed to pornographic modeling agency Hussie Models, where she was represented by Riley Reynolds, before moving to Los Angeles and signing with Spiegler Girls. By 2019, she had starred in over 200 pornographic films and became popular on Pornhub, where her films received over 125 million views. Early on during the COVID-19 pandemic, she began primarily using OnlyFans to sell pornographic content.


title: Chloe Cherry

text: In 2022, Cherry made her acting debut on the second season of the HBO teen drama television series "Euphoria" in the recurring role of Faye, a drug dealer's girlfriend. Prior to appearing on the show, Cherry made a pornographic parody of "Euphoria", in which she played Jules, with fellow pornographic actress Jenna Foxx. "Euphoria"s showrunner, Sam Levinson, later sent Cherry an email asking her to audition for the role of Ami, a stripper and drug addict, after becoming a fan of hers on Instagram due to her sense of humor. After two virtual auditions, Cherry auditioned in person for Levinson in Los Angeles and was given the part of Faye instead. Cherry was called one of the breakout stars of the show by critics. She soon retired from pornographic acting to pursue screen acting full-time.


title: Chloe Cherry

text: In January 2022, Cherry signed a contract with British modeling agency Anti-Agency London. She made her runway debut in February 2022, walking for LaQuan Smith during New York Fashion Week. In March 2022, she announced she was done with the porn industry. Cherry will star in the science fiction drama film "www.RachelOrmont.com", written and directed by Peter Vack, and the comedy-drama film "Tuna Melt", written and directed by Eddie Huang.


title: Eve Arden

text: Eve Arden (born Eunice Mary Quedens, April 30, 1908 – November 12, 1990) was an American film, radio, stage and television actress. She performed in leading and supporting roles for nearly six decades.


title: Eve Arden

text: Beginning her film career in 1929 and on Broadway in the early 1930s, Arden's first major role was in the RKO Radio Pictures drama "Stage Door" (1937) opposite Katharine Hepburn, followed by roles in the comedies "Having Wonderful Time" (1938) and the Marx Brothers' "At the Circus" (1939). She received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role in "Mildred Pierce" (1945).


title: Eve Arden

text: Somewhat surprisingly for an actress of Arden's refinement and wit, she appeared to good effect in a number of films noir, some exceptionally high-profile, including "Mildred Pierce", "The Unfaithful" (1947), "The Arnelo Affair" (1947), "Whiplash" (1948), and "Anatomy of a Murder" (1959).


title: Eve Arden

text: Later in her career, Arden moved to television, playing a sardonic but engaging high school teacher in "Our Miss Brooks", for which she won the first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. She also played the school principal in the film musicals "Grease" (1978) and "Grease 2" (1982).


title: Eve Arden

text: Eve Arden was born Eunice Mary Quedens on April 30, 1908, in Mill Valley, California, to Charles Peter Quedens, the son of Charles Henry Augustus Quedens and Eunice Meta Dierks; and Lucille Frank, the daughter of Bernard Frank and Louisa Mertens. Lucille, a milliner, divorced Charles over his gambling and went into business for herself.


title: Eve Arden

text: Although not Catholic, young Eunice was sent to a Dominican convent school in San Rafael, California. She then attended Tamalpais High School, a public high school in Mill Valley, until age 16. After leaving school, she joined the stock theater company of Henry "Terry" Duffy.


title: Eve Arden

text: She made her film debut under her real name in the backstage musical "Song of Love" (1929), as a wisecracking, homewrecking showgirl who becomes a rival to the film's star, singer Belle Baker. The film was one of Columbia Pictures' earliest successes. In 1933, she relocated to New York City, where she had supporting parts in multiple Broadway stage productions. In 1934, she was cast in the "Ziegfeld Follies" revue, the first role where she was credited as Eve Arden. When she was told to adopt a stage name for the show, Arden looked at her cosmetics and "stole my first name from Evening in Paris, and the second from Elizabeth Arden". Between 1934 and 1941, she appeared in Broadway productions of "Parade", "Very Warm for May", "Two for the Show", and "Let's Face It!".


title: Eve Arden

text: Arden's film career began in earnest in 1937 when she signed a contract with RKO Radio Pictures and appeared in the films "Oh Doctor" and "Stage Door". Her "Stage Door" portrayal of a fast-talking, witty supporting character gained Arden considerable notice and was a template for many of Arden's future roles.


title: Eve Arden

text: In 1938, she played a supporting part in the comedy "Having Wonderful Time", starring Ginger Rogers and Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.. This was followed by roles in the crime film "The Forgotten Woman" (1939), and the Marx Brothers comedy "At the Circus" (1939), a role that required her to perform acrobatics.


title: Eve Arden

text: In 1940, she appeared in support of Clark Gable and Hedy Lamarr in "Comrade X", followed by support in the drama "Manpower" (1941) opposite Marlene Dietrich, Edward G. Robinson and George Raft. She also had a supporting part in the Red Skelton comedy "Whistling in the Dark" (1941) and the romantic comedy "Obliging Young Lady" (1942).


title: Eve Arden

text: Her many memorable screen roles include a supporting role as Joan Crawford's wise-cracking friend in "Mildred Pierce" (1945), for which she received an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress; aas a catty cousin turned peacemaker in The Unfaithful (1947), and as James Stewart's wistful but wry secretary in Otto Preminger's mystery "Anatomy of a Murder" (1959) (which also featured her husband, Brooks West). In 1946, exhibitors voted her the sixth-most promising "star of tomorrow".


title: Eve Arden

text: Arden became familiar to a new generation of filmgoers when she played Principal McGee in "Grease" (1978) and "Grease 2 (1982)". Arden was known for her deadpan comedic delivery.


title: Eve Arden

text: Arden's ability with witty scripts made her a natural talent for radio. She was a regular on Danny Kaye's short-lived but memorably zany comedy-variety show in 1946, which also featured swing bandleader Harry James and gravel-voiced character actor-comedian Lionel Stander.


title: Eve Arden

text: The additional exposure of Arden's comic talent on Kaye's show led to her best-known role, that of Madison High School English teacher Connie Brooks in "Our Miss Brooks". Arden portrayed the character on radio from 1948 to 1957, in a television version of the program from 1952 to 1956, and in a 1956 feature film. Her character clashed with the school's principal, Osgood Conklin (played by Gale Gordon) and nursed an unrequited crush on fellow teacher Philip Boynton (played originally by future film star Jeff Chandler; and later on radio and TV by Robert Rockwell). Except for Chandler, the entire radio cast of Arden, Gordon, Richard Crenna (Walter Denton), Robert Rockwell (Mr. Philip Boynton), Gloria McMillan (Harriet Conklin) and Jane Morgan (landlady Margaret Davis) played the same roles on TV.


title: Eve Arden

text: Arden's portrayal of Miss Brooks was so popular that she was made an honorary member of the National Education Association, received a 1952 award from the Teachers College of Connecticut's Alumni Association "for humanizing the American teacher", and even received teaching job offers. Her well-established wisecracking, deadpan character ultimately became her public persona as a comedienne.


title: Eve Arden

text: She won a listeners' poll by "Radio Mirror" magazine as the top-ranking comedienne of 1948–1949, receiving her award at the end of an "Our Miss Brooks" broadcast that March. "I'm certainly going to try in the coming months to merit the honor you've bestowed upon me, because I understand that if I win this (award) two years in a row, I get to keep Mr. Boynton," she joked. She was also a hit with the critics: A winter 1949 poll of newspaper and magazine radio editors by "Motion Picture Daily" named her the year's best radio comedienne.


title: Eve Arden

text: Arden had a very brief guest appearance in a 1955 "I Love Lucy" episode titled "L.A. at Last", where she played herself. While awaiting their food at the Brown Derby, Lucy Ricardo (Lucille Ball) and Ethel Mertz (Vivian Vance) argue over whether a certain portrait on a nearby wall is Shelley Winters or Judy Holliday. Lucy urges Ethel to ask a lady occupying the next booth, who turns and replies, "Neither. That's Eve Arden." As Ethel realizes she just spoke to Arden herself, Arden passes Lucy and Ethel's table to leave the restaurant while the pair gawk.


title: Eve Arden

text: Desilu Productions, jointly owned by Desi Arnaz and Ball during their marriage, was the production company for the "Our Miss Brooks" television show, filmed during the same years as "I Love Lucy". Ball and Arden met when they costarred in the film "Stage Door" in 1937. Ball, according to numerous radio historians, suggested Arden for "Our Miss Brooks" after Shirley Booth auditioned for but failed to land the role and Ball—committed at the time to "My Favorite Husband"—could not.


title: Eve Arden

text: Arden tried another series for CBS in the fall of 1957, "The Eve Arden Show", but it was canceled in spring of 1958 after 26 episodes. In 1966, she played Nurse Kelton in an episode of "Bewitched". She later costarred with Kaye Ballard as her neighbor and in-law, Eve Hubbard, in the 1967–1969 NBC situation comedy "The Mothers-in-Law", produced by Arnaz after the dissolution of Desilu Productions. In her later career, Arden made appearances on such television shows as "Bewitched", "Alice", "Maude, Hart to Hart", and "Falcon Crest". In 1985, she appeared as the wicked stepmother in the "Faerie Tale Theatre" production of "Cinderella".


title: Eve Arden

text: Arden was one of many actresses to take on the title roles in "Hello, Dolly!" and "Auntie Mame" in the 1960s; in 1967, she won the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theater. In 1983, Arden was cast as the leading lady in what was to be her Broadway comeback, "Moose Murders", but she withdrew and was replaced with the much younger Holland Taylor after one preview performance, citing "artistic differences". The show went on to open and close on the same night, becoming known a legendary flop in Broadway history.


title: Eve Arden

text: Arden was married to Edward Grinnell "Ned" Bergen 1939–47; she reportedly had a long relationship with Danny Kaye through the 1940s (likely starting from their Broadway work on "Let's Face It!" (1941)). Arden was married to actor Brooks West from 1952 until his death in 1984 from a brain hemorrhage at age 67. She adopted her first child with Bergen and a second child


title: Eve Arden

text: as a single mother after her divorce from him; she adopted her third child with West and gave birth to her youngest (with West) at age 46 in 1954. All four children survived their parents.


title: Eve Arden

text: On November 12, 1990, Arden died at home at age 82. According to her death certificate, she died due to cardiac arrest and arteriosclerotic heart disease. She was cremated, with her ashes buried in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, Westwood, Los Angeles, California.


title: Eve Arden

text: Arden published an autobiography, "The Three Phases of Eve", in 1985. In addition to her Academy Award nomination, Arden has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: Radio and Television (see List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for addresses). She was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1995.


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: Richard Phillips (born May 16, 1955) is an American merchant mariner and author who served as captain of the MV "Maersk Alabama" during its hijacking by Somali pirates in April 2009.


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: Of Irish descent, Phillips was born in Massachusetts, and graduated from Winchester High School in 1973. Phillips enrolled at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and planned to study international law but transferred to the Massachusetts Maritime Academy, from which he graduated in 1979. During his schooling, Phillips worked as a taxi driver in Boston.


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: On April 6, 2009, the U.S. Maritime Administration, following NATO advisories, released a Somalia Gulf of Aden "advisory to mariners" recommending ships to stay at least off Somalia's coast of east Africa. With these advisories in effect, on April 8, 2009, four Somali pirates boarded the "Maersk Alabama" when it was located around southeast of the Somalian port city of Eyl. With a crew of 20, the ship had departed from Salalah, Oman en route to Mombasa, Kenya. The ship was carrying 17,000 metric tons of cargo, of which 5,000 metric tons were relief supplies bound for Kenya, Somalia, and Uganda. "In that area of the world, any blip on your radar is of concern," said Phillips, "I always told my crew it was a matter of when, not if."


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: According to Chief Engineer Mike Perry, the crew sank the pirate speedboat shortly after the boarding by continuously swinging the rudder of the "Maersk Alabama", thus swamping the smaller boat. As the pirates were boarding the ship, the crew members locked themselves in the engine room. The crew later overpowered one of the pirates. The crew attempted to exchange the captured pirate, whom they had kept tied up for twelve hours, for Phillips. According to a crew member, Phillips and the pirates got into the ship's rescue boat, but it would not start, so the crew dropped a lifeboat and met the pirates to switch prisoners and boats. The captured pirate was released, but the pirates left with Phillips in the lifeboat before the crew could take action. The lifeboat was carrying ten days of food rations, water, and basic survival supplies.


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: On April 8, the destroyer and the frigate were dispatched to the Gulf of Aden in response to the hostage situation, and reached "Maersk Alabama" early on April 9. "Maersk Alabama" then departed from the area with an armed escort, towards its original destination of the port of Mombasa. On Saturday, April 11, "Maersk Alabama" arrived in Mombasa, still under U.S. military escort. Captain Larry Aasheim then assumed command. Aasheim had previously been captain of the "Maersk Alabama" until Richard Phillips relieved him eight days prior to the pirate attack. An 18-man marine security team was on board. The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation secured the ship as a crime scene.


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: On April 9, a standoff began between the "Bainbridge" and the pirates in the "Maersk Alabama" lifeboat, where they continued to hold Phillips hostage. Three days later, on Sunday, April 12, U.S. Navy marksmen from DEVGRU (commonly known as SEAL Team Six) opened fire and killed the three pirates on the lifeboat, and Phillips was rescued. The "Bainbridge" captain Commander Frank Castellano ordered the action after determining that Phillips' life was in immediate danger, based on reports that a pirate was pointing an AK-47 automatic rifle at his back. Navy SEAL snipers on "Bainbridge"'s fantail opened fire, killing the three pirates with bullets to the head; one of the pirates was named Ali Aden Elmi, another's last name was Hamac, and the third remains unidentified. A fourth pirate, Abduwali Muse, aboard the "Bainbridge" and speaking with military negotiators while being treated for an injury sustained in the takeover of "Maersk Alabama", surrendered and was taken into custody. He later pleaded guilty to hijacking, kidnapping and hostage-taking charges and was sentenced to over 33 years in federal prison.


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: Following the hijacking, Phillips published "A Captain's Duty: Somali Pirates, Navy SEALS, and Dangerous Days at Sea". Columbia Pictures optioned the book and acquired the film rights in spring 2010. In March 2011, it was announced that Tom Hanks would star as Phillips, Barkhad Abdi as Abduwali Muse and Faysal Ahmed as Najee in a Sony Pictures film based on the hijacking and Phillips' book, scripted by Billy Ray, and produced by the team behind "The Social Network".


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: The film, titled "Captain Phillips", was released on October 11, 2013 and had its premiere showing at the 2013 New York Film Festival.


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: In an interview on the set of "Captain Phillips" for "New York Daily News", Phillips describes his devotion to his crew, his feeling of success as a captain and his eagerness to get back to sea. "My crew were now safe, because the pirates lost their ladder and boat when they boarded the Maersk Alabama, so they couldn't get back onboard," says Phillips. "For me it was really a relief—my crew and ship were safe." Phillips also added, "I never lost hope for myself, but I didn't see a good ending coming out of it." Phillips commented in his interview that the rendition of the events is accurate, adding, "When I met [Tom Hanks], I told him if he's going to play me, he's going to have to put on a little weight and get a little better-looking and he did neither."


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: Since the release of "Captain Phillips", there has been controversy over its portrayal of Phillips, with several crew members claiming that he was not the hero presented in the film, according to lawsuits filed by more than half of the crew of the "Maersk Alabama". The crew members claim Phillips was at least partly at fault for an "insistence on being fast and making money ... [getting] the Alabama within 250 miles of the Somali coast..."


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: Phillips told CNN's Drew Griffin in 2010 and in a court deposition in 2013 that he ignored the numerous warnings that urged him to go farther out to sea. When asked in 2013 why he decided not to take the ship farther offshore, Phillips testified, "I don't believe 600 miles would make you safe. I didn't believe 1,200 miles would make you safe. As I told the crew, it would be a matter of when, not if ... We were always in this area."


title: Richard Phillips (merchant mariner)

text: Phillips returned to sea fourteen months after the pirate attack, sailing as Master of the vehicle carrier M/V "Green Bay" until his retirement was announced by the International Organization of Masters, Mates and Pilots in October 2014.


title: My 600-lb Life

text: My 600-lb Life is an American reality television series that has aired on the TLC television network since 2012, Each episode follows a year in the life of morbidly obese individuals, who usually begin the episode weighing at least , and documents their attempts to reduce their weight to a healthy level. Update episodes, called "Where Are They Now?", feature one or more previous patients, picking up a year or more after their original episodes aired.


title: My 600-lb Life

text: Patients are placed under the care of Houston surgeon Younan Nowzaradan (often referred to as "Dr. Now"), who first has them attempt losing weight on their own by following a strict diet, and then depending on the patient's progress may offer gastric bypass surgery or sleeve gastrectomy to further assist in weight loss.


title: My 600-lb Life

text: This series was originally a five-part miniseries involving four morbidly obese patients. Because of its popularity, new episodes were filmed, including a "Where Are They Now?" retrospective in Season 4 that follows up on previous patients to track their weight-loss journey months or years after bariatric surgery.


title: My 600-lb Life

text: In Season 1, patients were filmed over seven years (2004–2011). Beginning with Season 2, patients were filmed for only one year. In Season 8, certain patients' stories were filmed for only six months.


title: My 600-lb Life

text: Beginning with Season 5, new episodes were two hours long instead of one hour. This was previously done with "Melissa's Story" (which was in two parts) and "Lupe's Story". Recap episodes titled "Supersized" and "Extended", which include additional facts and footage respectively, also aired during this season.


title: My 600-lb Life

text: Beginning in January 2015, TLC began airing "My 600-lb Life: Where Are They Now?". The purpose of this spin-off was to update viewers on the weight loss journeys of people featured in previous seasons. As of 2021, seven seasons of the "Where Are They Now?" follow-ups have aired.


title: My 600-lb Life

text: In 2016, a second spin-off, "Skin Tight", began airing, showing people who struggle with the excess skin remaining after their weight loss successes. Dr. Nowzaradan appears along with other plastic surgeons.


title: My 600-lb Life

text: In 2018 several news outlets reported that several former patients of Dr. Nowzaradan who appeared in the series, and the family of one patient, LB Bonner, who died by suicide, had brought suit against the show's production company, Megalomedia, alleging negligence and claiming that the company failed to cover medical costs. Plaintiff Destinee LaShaee, the first transgender contestant to appear on the show, sued the show after claiming it did not provide the mental health treatments it promised. She died on February 8, 2022, after posting messages on social media "indicative of her depression and possibly suicidal thoughts."


title: My 600-lb Life

text: A total of ten lawsuits were filed, which were later consolidated into a single proceeding on May 20, 2020. Megalomedia requested summary judgment, which was denied via the judge not ruling on their motion within the time required under Texas law. Megalomedia then appealed their motion to the Appellate court.


title: Yash Johar

text: Yash Johar (6 September 1929 – 26 June 2004) was an Indian film producer and the founder of Dharma Productions. His films featured lavish sets, were often set in "exotic" locations, and incorporated Indian traditions and family values. He is the father of Karan Johar, now a noted filmmaker himself.


title: Yash Johar

text: Johar was born on 6 September 1929 in Amritsar, Punjab, in a Punjabi family. He was married to Hiroo, sister of filmmaker Yash Chopra. He died on 26 June 2004 in Mumbai, aged 74, of a chest infection, though he had also been fighting cancer. After his death, his son took over Dharma Productions.


title: Yash Johar

text: Johar began his career as a publicist and still photographer in the early 1950s, working on the film "Badal" (1951). He worked for Sashadhar Mukherjee's production company Filmistan as a production executive on the film "Love in Simla" (1960). In 1962, he joined Sunil Dutt's production house Ajanta Arts. He was a production controller for films like "Mujhe Jeene Do" and "Yeh Raaste Hai Pyaar Ke". He helped filmmaker Dev Anand handle the production of his 1965 film "Guide", which was successful at the box office. He continued with Dev Anand's Navketan Films and handled production of films like "Jewel Thief", "Prem Pujari" and "Hare Rama Hare Krishna".


title: Yash Johar

text: In 1976, Johar launched his own banner, Dharma Productions. The first film produced by the company, "Dostana", directed by Raj Khosla, was a box office success in 1980. The company produced a handful of other films in the 1980s and early 1990s, most notably "Duniya" (1984), "Agneepath" (1990), "Gumrah" (1993) and "Duplicate" (1998).


title: Yash Johar

text: The company found unprecedented success with the 1998 award-winning film "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai", the directorial debut of his son Karan Johar. The film starring Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, Rani Mukerji and Salman Khan was one of the biggest hits of the year both domestically and in the overseas market. The film was critically acclaimed as well, winning major awards at Indian award ceremonies. Karan's second directorial, "Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham..." in 2001 was also immensely successful.


title: Yash Johar

text: Johar was also involved in the production and distribution company Dreamz Unlimited founded in 1999 by Shah Rukh Khan, Juhi Chawla and Aziz Mirza. He helped set up the company as well as handling the production process of their first film, "Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani" (2000).


title: Yash Johar

text: "Kal Ho Naa Ho", was the last film he was involved in, which was a major critical and commercial success, becoming the top-grossing film domestically and in the overseas market that year.


title: Deborah Falconer

text: Deborah Falconer is an American singer, songwriter, model, and actress. Her first album was "Untangle". She released her second album, "Brave Like Me", on July 22, 2003. Her third album, "Lift Your Gaze", was released on October 18, 2014.


title: Deborah Falconer

text: Falconer married Robert Downey Jr. on May 29, 1992, after dating for 42 days. The couple divorced on April 26, 2004. They have one son together, Indio.


title: Nicolas Hamilton

text: Nicolas Hamilton (born 28 March 1992) is a British racing driver who currently competes in the British Touring Car Championship. He races with a specially-modified car due to his cerebral palsy.


title: Nicolas Hamilton

text: Hamilton made his racing debut in the Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom in 2011 driving for Total Control Racing. He attracted much fan and media attention despite finishing last in his first race. His first season was the subject of a BBC documentary entitled "Racing with the Hamiltons: Nic in the Driving Seat".


title: Nicolas Hamilton

text: Hamilton moved up to the European Touring Car Cup for 2013, driving a SEAT León Supercopa for Baporo Motorsport.


title: Nicolas Hamilton

text: In 2015, Hamilton secured a deal with AmD Tuning to race an Audi S3 in five rounds of the British Touring Car Championship, becoming the first disabled driver to compete in the series.


title: Nicolas Hamilton

text: In 2019, Hamilton secured a full-time drive with Motorbase Performance along with Tom Chilton and Ollie Jackson.


title: Nicolas Hamilton

text: On 21 February 2020, Hamilton was confirmed as the fourth Team HARD driver in a Volkswagen CC, retaining his ROKiT sponsorship. In the final race at Brands Hatch, in round 2 of the championship, Hamilton scored his first-ever BTCC point after finishing the race in 15th place.


title: Nicolas Hamilton

text: On 8 March 2016, it was announced that Hamilton would be part of Channel 4's Formula One presentation team.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Dear Zindagi () is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Gauri Shinde. It was produced by Gauri Khan, Karan Johar, and Shinde under the banners of Red Chillies Entertainment, Dharma Productions, and Hope Productions respectively. The film stars Alia Bhatt in the lead role with Shah Rukh Khan, Ira Dubey, Kunal Kapoor, Angad Bedi, Ali Zafar, Yashaswini Dayama and Rohit Suresh Saraf in supporting roles. The plot centres on a budding cinematographer who is discontented with her life and meets a free-spirited psychologist who helps her to gain a new perspective on her life.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Development of the film began in 2015, when Shinde signed Bhatt and Khan for a film to be made under her banner. Principal photography took place in Goa and Mumbai, in the period from 21 January to 20 May 2016. The film features a score composed by Amit Trivedi and lyrics written mostly by Kausar Munir.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: "Dear Zindagi" released on 23 November 2016 in North America, two days before its worldwide release on 25 November 2016, and grossed at the box office, thus emerging as a commercial success. It received positive reviews from critics, with particular praise directed towards the themes, direction, screenplay, dialogues, soundtrack and cast performances, with particular praise directed towards Bhatt and Khan's performances.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: At the 62nd Filmfare Awards, "Dear Zindagi" received 2 nominations – Best Actress (Bhatt) and Best Lyricist ( for "Love You Zindagi").


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Based in Mumbai and Goa, Kaira is a promising cinematographer who dreams of directing her own films. Blunt and cynical, she is most comfortable when with her three best friends, Fatima, Jackie and Ganju. Kaira's life takes a downturn when she sleeps with Raghuvendra, a film producer and then breaks up with her childhood sweetheart Sid, a restobar owner. Raghu then gets engaged to his ex. Her landlord then evicts her out of her apartment because the building association wants to rent apartments to married couples and families only. All this, plus dissatisfaction with her prospects at work serves as a catalyst for Kaira's shift to Goa, where she now has to grudgingly live with her parents with whom she has some issues. She ends up spending many sleepless nights in unhappiness and uncertainty.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: While in Goa, Kaira seeks out Dr. Jehangir "Jug" Khan, a psychologist, for her insomnia after inadvertently having heard him talk at a Mental Health Awareness Conference. She warms to Jug's unconventional methods, trying to use them to understand herself. Meanwhile, she meets a musician, Rumi, and falls in love with him, but they break up before anything serious can happen when she realises they may not be the right fit for each other. During this time, Kaira reunites with her younger brother, Kiddo, who is the only other person besides her best friends that she is closest to. Matters with her family come to a head when Kaira has an outburst at a family get-together where she confronts her parents about them abandoning her for years at her grandparents' house.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Kaira finally narrates the story of her abandonment to Jug, who tells her that she fears abandonment so much that she does not allow herself to commit in relationships, leaving before they can leave her. He convinces her that she does not need to forgive her parents for abandoning her in her childhood but as an adult, have the maturity to see them as two regular people who are capable of making mistakes, like everyone else. After this, Kaira makes an effort to reconcile with her parents and also works to finish her short film.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: At their last session, Kaira admits to Jug that she has grown to like and love him. Jug responds that it is normal for a patient to feel this way about their therapist and while he likes her platonically, a relationship would not be possible between them. The two share a hug before Kaira leaves.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Kaira finally completes her short film, which she had been working on for years. At the premiere, her friends, family, and exes are present to cheer her on. This is where Kaira meets a furniture designer, and strikes a conversation with him.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Made on a moderate budget, "Dear Zindagi" was produced by Gauri Khan of Red Chillies Entertainment, Johar of Dharma Productions and Gauri Shinde of Hope Productions. The film was directed by Shinde, her second directorial after the comedy-drama film "English Vinglish" (2012). When Shinde was asked in an interview with "The Indian Express", whether there is a personal story to "Dear Zindagi", she replied, ""Dear Zindagi" is inspired by life in general. It started with an idea about the connections we make in our lives and how such connections can impact us. That's something that interested me and I tried to develop a story around the philosophy." In August 2015, Shinde revealed that she had "almost" completed working on the screenplay. Pre-production work began in December 2015. Shinde began working in the story at that time, and she chose Goa and Mumbai as the film's key locations. The production crew consisted primarily of people Shinde had worked with in "English Vinglish", with the exception of production designer Rupin Suchakthey are film editor Hemanti Sarkar, script assistant Krishnan Hariharan who was elevated to co-writer, language consultant Kausar Munir, who also doubled up as lyricist while playing co-writer, and cinematographer Laxman Utekar.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: "India Today" reported that Bhatt and Khan would star together in Shinde's then-untitled film. Bhatt was very eager to work with Khan. It is Khan's first film with Bhatt. It was reported that there would not be any typical romance between the characters of Bhatt and Khan. Shinde confirmed to "The Indian Express" saying, "It won't be as typical as one expects man and woman to be together." In April 2016, it was reported that Khan would play a love guru who would help Bhatt's character to manage the attention of four people and figure out how to find her true love, and Bhatt would play the role of a filmmaker, whose experiences with all four characters would shape her life and work.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: The other actors who were signed up for the film include Ali Zafar, who played the role of rockstar and musician; Angad Bedi, who played the role of Kaira's childhood sweetheart, a restobar owner; Kunal Kapoor, who played the role of Kaira's film producer and invested in Bhatt's film; and Aditya Roy Kapur, who played the role of a charming furniture dealer. Ira Dubey and Yashaswini Dayama played the role of Kaira's best-friends, while Rohit Saraf played the role of her brother.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Principal photography for "Dear Zindagi" began on 21 January 2016 in Goa. The shoot for the entire film was to be completed in two schedules; one in Goa and the other in Mumbai. The first schedule of Goa was completed in the last week of February 2016 after about 30 days, then the entire cast of the film moved to Mumbai for the second schedule of the film. Bhatt and Shah Rukh Khan enjoyed working together and were looking forward to the next schedule. Bhatt had also moved to Singapore to shoot for a song sequence for the film. The entire shooting of the film ended on 20 May 2016. Bhatt shared the entire shooting experience by posting a group selfie with her team in Singapore, via her Instagram handle. In March 2016, Bhatt said to "India.com" that she was very excited about appearing with Khan in the film. She had not slept for several nights during the shoot of the film. "It was lovely working with him on the show and on Gauri's film when we recently shot in Goa," she said. On 23 June 2016, "The Times of India" reported that the title of the film would be "Dear Zindagi".


title: Dear Zindagi

text: The soundtrack was released by Sony Music India. The full album was released on 15 November 2016. Audio Jukebox was released on 21 November 2016 on YouTube.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: The song "Ae Zindagi Gale Laga Le"; written by Gulzar and was originally composed by Ilaiyaraaja and sung by Suresh Wadkar for "Sadma" (1983); has been recreated for the film. While, lyrics for the other songs in the album are written by Kausar Munir.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Suanshu Khurana and A. Kameshwari of "The Indian Express" praised the music and respectively said, "A fresh and enthusiastic set, with life's tales told in a breezy fashion. The album lacks variance, yet, it manages to have many sparkling moments." and, "Sensible and relatable songs making the album simplistic that automatically gets registered at the back of your mind, a poetic version of our exact feelings."


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Joginder Tuteja of "Bollywood Hungama", rating the music album a 3.5 out of 5 stars, said that it was "a series of situational songs that should sound good in the film's narrative." Rinky Kumar of "The Times of India" rated 3 stars to the album, saying, "this movie doesn't have songs that have a high recall value."


title: Dear Zindagi

text: The film was released in Canada and the USA on 23 November 2016, and worldwide on 25 November 2016. It opened in about 1200 theatres nationwide and in 600 theatres in other countries. The film also had a special screening on 23 November 2016 in Mumbai. It received good response and positive reviews


title: Dear Zindagi

text: "Dear Zindagi" opened well in multiplexes in Mumbai, Mysore, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, while in North India it had a comparatively decent opening. The film released earlier in North America on account of the Thanksgiving weekend holidays. The film on its first day collected 1.19 crore from 127 screens in the United States and 8.29 lakhs in Canada from 16 screens. In the extended two-day weekend, the film collected about 15.8 million at the North America box office. The film earned a total of 94.67 crore in India, grossing 136 million worldwide.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: "Dear Zindagi" received positive reviews from critics, with particular praise directed towards Bhatt and Khan's performances, direction, music, screenplay and themes. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 69%, based on 13 reviews with an average rating of 6.56/10. Meena Iyer of "The Times of India" gave the film a 3.5 (out of 5) rating, described Bhatt's character as "feisty", praised Bhatt and Khan's performances. Namrata Joshi of "The Hindu" rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, noting that "the chemistry between Bhatt and Khan makes the film sparkle despite the heavy-handed writing." Ananya Bhattacharya of "India Today", giving the same rating, said that "Dear Zindagi" is "an emotional joyride which won't harm you when watched once." She recommended to watch the film due to the performances by its two principal actors. Mayank Shekhar of "Mid-Day" also rated it 3 (out of 5) stars, saying: "This film, at its core, is conversational sort of feature, but mostly quiet, even indoorsy."


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Conversely, Rohit Bhatnagar writing for "Deccan Chronicle" gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars, and thought that the film was "definitely a one-time-watch", and concluded, that the film deserves a watch but "only for amazing performances and nothing else." A reviewer for "Bollywood Hungama" giving the same rating to the film commented that "Dear Zindagi" was "a slow-paced cerebral and contemporary slice of life tale about the challenges today's generation of girls face in a rapidly shifting landscape." Sweta Kaushal of "Hindustan Times" rated the film 2 out of 5 stars, and wrote, "There is a lot of banter in the film that is supposed to be deep and philosophical but is really just plain, hollow banter", and concluded, that the film "could-have-been-amazing." Shubhra Gupta of "The Indian Express" gave it a negative review and summed up her review by writing that the "film could have been a solid drama with emotional heft but despite great performances by the two stars, the feature remains strictly boiler-plate."


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Christine Iyer of "The National" awarded the film 4 out of 5 stars, praised Khan's performance and said that he "absolutely shines in the role of soft-spoken therapist Jehangir 'Jug' Khan in this gentle drama by Gauri Shinde." Manjusha Radhakrishnan of "Gulf News" rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and described the tale of Bhatt as "joyously entertaining", and advised to "make a date with "Dear Zindagi"." Anisha Jhaveri of "IndieWire" gave the film a grade of A-minus, and said that the film's plot had a "powerful message, that gives "Dear Zindagi" its substance." Shilpa Jamkhandikar of "Reuters" negatively stated: "The need to explain every moment and articulate every emotion pulls down "Dear Zindagi"; even the brilliant chemistry between the two leads cannot salvage the film from this fatal flaw." Andy Webster of "The New York Times" described it an "insightful movie", and a "resounding victory."


title: Dear Zindagi

text: In the first week of November 2016, it was reported that Ali Zafar has been replaced by Tahir Raj Bhasin in the film due to the tensions created after the 2016 Uri terror attack and the subsequent ban on Pakistani actors by the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena. However, on 15 November 2016, Pakistan's newspaper "Dawn" reported that Bhatt denied the rumours at an event on 14 November 2016. On being asked, she said: "Nobody is being replaced. The film will release in its full form." Ali Zafar has sung two songs for the film, but those were dubbed by Arijit Singh, whose versions were added into the soundtrack album instead of Zafar's. Later, Zafar's songs were officially shared online.


title: Dear Zindagi

text: Shortly after the release of the film, Temple Street Productions sent a legal notice to Karan Johar's Dharma Productions for copyright infringement, alleging that the movie was inspired in detail by the Canadian television series "Being Erica". Shinde has denied the claim.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380 was a Boeing 737-7H4 that experienced a contained engine failure in the left CFM56-7B engine after departing from New York–LaGuardia Airport en route to Dallas Love Field on April 17, 2018. The engine cowl was broken in the failure and cowl fragments damaged the fuselage, causing explosive depressurization of the aircraft after damaging a cabin window. Other fragments caused damage to the wing. The crew carried out an emergency descent and diverted to Philadelphia International Airport. One passenger was partially ejected from the aircraft and later died. Eight other passengers received minor injuries. The aircraft was substantially damaged.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: This accident was very similar to an accident suffered 20 months earlier by Southwest Airlines Flight 3472 flying the same aircraft type with the same engine type. After that accident, the engine manufacturer, CFM, issued a service directive calling for ultrasonic inspections of the turbine fan blades with certain serial numbers, service cycles or service time. Southwest did not perform the inspection on this engine because it was not within the parameters specified by the directive.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: This was the first fatal airline accident involving a U.S. passenger carrier since the crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407 in February 2009 and the first aircraft accident involving Southwest Airlines that resulted in the death of a passenger.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: Flight 1380 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from New York LaGuardia Airport to Dallas Love Field. The aircraft was a Boeing 737-7H4 with the registration N772SW, in service with Southwest Airlines since its manufacture in 2000. It was powered by two CFM56-7B engines.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: Tammie Jo Shults, aged 56, a former United States Navy fighter pilot, was the captain of the flight. Darren Lee Ellisor, aged 44, a former United States Air Force (1997–2007) pilot with experience in the Boeing E-3 Sentry and a veteran in the Iraq War, was the first officer. Captain Shults had been with Southwest Airlines since 1994 and had logged a total of 11,715 flight hours, including 10,513 hours on the Boeing 737. First Officer Ellisor had been with the airline since 2008 and had 9,508 flight hours, with 6,927 hours on the Boeing 737. Five crew members and 144 passengers were on board.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: At 11:03 am Eastern Daylight Time, the aircraft was flying at and climbing when the left engine failed. As a result, most of the engine inlet and parts of the cowling broke off. Fragments from the inlet and cowling struck the wing and fuselage and broke a window at row 14 in the passenger compartment, which caused rapid decompression of the aircraft. The flight crew carried out an emergency descent of the aircraft and diverted it to Philadelphia International Airport (PHL). One passenger sitting next to the broken window suffered fatal injuries and eight passengers sustained minor injuries.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: The flight crew stated that the departure and climb from LaGuardia were normal, with no indications of any problems; the first officer was flying and the captain was monitoring. They reported that the aircraft yawed and set off several cockpit emergency alarms; a "gray puff of smoke" appeared and the aircraft's cabin suddenly lost air pressure. The flight crew donned their emergency oxygen masks and the first officer began the emergency descent. The flight data recorder (FDR) showed that the left engine's performance parameters all dropped simultaneously, vibration became severe and within five seconds the cabin altitude alert activated. The FDR also showed that the aircraft rolled left by about 40° before the flight crew was able to counter the roll. The flight crew reported that the aircraft was very difficult to control throughout the remainder of the flight because of the extensive damage. The captain took over flying the plane and the first officer carried out the emergency checklist. The captain asked the air traffic controller for a course diversion. She initially requested a course to the nearest airport, but then decided that the airport in Philadelphia was best equipped for this aircraft's emergency. The controller quickly provided vectors to PHL. The flight crew reported initial communications difficulties because of the loud noises, distraction and wearing oxygen masks, but as the aircraft descended, communications improved. The captain initially planned on a long final approach to make sure the crew completed all the emergency checklists. Upon learning of the passengers' injuries, however, she decided to speed up the approach and expedite landing.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: Three flight attendants, Rachel Fernheimer, Seanique Mallory and Kathryn Sandoval, were assigned to the flight and another Southwest Airlines employee was a passenger. All four reported that they heard a loud sound and felt severe vibration. The oxygen masks automatically deployed in the cabin. The flight attendants retrieved portable oxygen bottles and began moving through the cabin to assist passengers with their oxygen masks. As they moved toward the midcabin, they found a passenger in row 14 blown part way out the broken window; with the help of two passengers, flight attendants pulled the victim inside the aircraft and other passengers performed emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The passenger died after being admitted to a local hospital for treatment. A spokesperson for the Philadelphia Department of Public Health stated the cause of death of the passenger was blunt force trauma to the head, neck and torso. The identity of the deceased passenger was later released.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: The participants in the investigation included the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Boeing, Southwest Airlines, GE Aviation, the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association, the Southwest Airlines Pilots’ Association, the Transport Workers Union of America and UTC Aerospace Systems. Because the manufacturer of the failed engine (CFM) is a US-French joint venture, the French Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety also contributed investigators. Technical teams from CFM assisted with the investigation. The NTSB expected the investigation to take 12 to 15 months.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: NTSB investigators analyzed a recording of the air traffic radar plots and observed that the radar had shown debris falling from the aircraft and used wind data to predict where ground searchers could find it. Parts from the engine's nacelle were found in the predicted area at several locations near the town of Bernville, Berks County, Pennsylvania, northwest of Philadelphia.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: On April 20, 2018, CFM issued Service Bulletin 72-1033, applicable to the CFM56-7B-series engine, and on the same day, the FAA issued emergency airworthiness directive (EAD) 2018-09-51 based on it. The CFM service bulletin recommended ultrasonic inspections of all fan blades on engines that had accumulated 20,000 engine cycles and subsequently at intervals not to exceed 3,000 engine cycles. The EAD required CFM56-7B engine fleet fan blade inspections for engines with 30,000 or greater cycles within 20 days of issuance, per the instructions provided in the service bulletin and if any crack indications were found, the affected fan blade was required to be removed from service before further flight. This directive was issued as a one-time inspection requirement. On the same day, European Aviation Safety Agency also issued EAD 2018-0093E (superseding EASA AD 2018-0071) that required the same ultrasonic fan blade inspections to be performed. The engine manufacturer estimated the new directive affected 352 engines in the US and 681 engines worldwide.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: On April 23, 2018, Southwest Airlines announced that it was voluntarily going beyond the FAA EAD requirement and performing ultrasonic inspections on all CFM engines in its fleet, including two each on around 700 Boeing 737-700 and 737-800 aircraft.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: On April 30, 2018, the aircraft involved in the accident was released by the NTSB and was flown by Southwest Airlines to a service facility performing major services on Boeing aircraft at Paine Field in Everett, Washington for repairs.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: On May 2, 2018, the FAA issued follow-up airworthiness directive (AD) 2018-09-10, which expanded the inspections on CFM56-7B engines beyond the original EAD 2018-09-51. The new AD required inspections of engines with lower cycles and introduced repeat inspection requirements, including a requirement to perform detailed inspections on each fan blade before it accumulated 20,000 cycles since new or within 113 days, whichever occurred later, or within 113 days from the effective date of the AD if cycles since new on a fan blade were unknown with repeat inspections no later than 3,000 cycles since the last inspection. If any unserviceable fan blade was found, it was required to be removed from service before further flight. The FAA estimated that this AD affected 3,716 engines installed on aircraft of U.S. registry at an estimated cost of 8,585 per blade replacement.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: On June 7, 2018, the aircraft involved in the accident was flown from Everett to Southern California Logistics Airport in Victorville, California for storage. As of 2021, the aircraft has not been flown.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: The NTSB held an investigative hearing on November 14, 2018. At the hearing, FAA Transport Standards Branch representative Victor Wicklund stated that the production inlets were not required to be subjected to certification testing, but if they were included and test damaged mirrored that of the accident aircraft, it would most likely constitute a certification failure. He indicated that the cowling may require design changes.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: The NTSB held a second investigative hearing on November 19, 2019. The NTSB also issued five safety recommendations to the FAA, one to EASA and one to Southwest.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: On November 19, 2019, following the aforementioned hearing, the NTSB released the final report on the accident. The probable cause reads:


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determines that the probable cause of this accident was a low-cycle fatigue crack in the dovetail of fan blade No. 13, which resulted in the fan blade separating in flight and impacting the engine fan case at a location that was critical to the structural integrity and performance of the fan cowl structure. This impact led to the in-flight separation of fan cowl components, including the inboard fan cowl aft latch keeper, which struck the fuselage near a cabin window and caused the window to depart from the airplane, the cabin to rapidly depressurize and the passenger fatality.


title: Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

text: The major recommendation of the report was that the Federal Aviation Administration should require Boeing to discover, for this aircraft and engine type, which parts of the engine fan case were susceptible to transmitting damage to the fan cowl structure and then redesign the fan cowl so that it retains its integrity after such a "blade out" event.