title: Pi (film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an 88% approval rating based on 56 reviews with an average rating of 7.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Dramatically gripping and frighteningly smart, this Lynchian thriller does wonders with its unlikely subject and shoestring budget." On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 72 out of 100 based on 23 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Roger Ebert gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, writing:


title: The Division Bell

text: The Division Bell is the fourteenth studio album by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released on 28 March 1994 by EMI Records in the United Kingdom and on 4 April by Columbia Records in the United States.


title: The Division Bell

text: The second Pink Floyd album recorded without founding member Roger Waters, "The Division Bell" was written mostly by guitarist and singer David Gilmour and keyboardist Richard Wright. It features Wright's first lead vocal on a Pink Floyd album since "The Dark Side of the Moon" (1973). Gilmour's fiancée, the novelist Polly Samson, co-wrote many of the lyrics, which deal with themes of communication. It was the last Pink Floyd studio album to be composed of entirely new material, and the last recorded with Wright, who died in 2008.


title: The Division Bell

text: Recording took place in locations including the band's Britannia Row Studios and Gilmour's houseboat, "Astoria". The production team included longtime Pink Floyd collaborators such as producer Bob Ezrin, engineer Andy Jackson, saxophonist Dick Parry and bassist Guy Pratt.


title: The Division Bell

text: "The Division Bell" received mixed reviews, but reached number one in more than 10 countries, including the UK and the US. In the US, it was certified double platinum in 1994 and triple platinum in 1999. Pink Floyd promoted it with a tour of the US and Europe; the tour sold more than 5 million tickets and made around $100 million in gross income. A live album and video, "Pulse", was released in 1995. Some of the unused material from the "Division Bell" sessions became part of Pink Floyd's next album, "The Endless River" (2014).


title: The Division Bell

text: In January 1993, guitarist David Gilmour, drummer Nick Mason and keyboardist Richard Wright began improvising new material in sessions at the remodelled Britannia Row Studios. They recruited bassist Guy Pratt, who had joined them on their Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour; according to Mason, Pratt's playing influenced the mood of the music. Without the legal problems that had dogged the production of their 1987 album "A Momentary Lapse of Reason", Gilmour was at ease. If he felt the band were making progress, he would record them on a two-track DAT recorder. At one point, Gilmour surreptitiously recorded Wright playing, capturing material that formed the basis for three pieces of music.


title: The Division Bell

text: After about two weeks, the band had around 65 pieces of music. With engineer Andy Jackson and co-producer Bob Ezrin, production moved to Gilmour's houseboat and recording studio, "Astoria". The band voted on each track, and whittled the material down to about 27 pieces. Eliminating some tracks, and merging others, they arrived at about 11 songs. Song selection was based upon a system of points, whereby all three members would award marks out of ten to each candidate song, a system skewed by Wright awarding his songs ten points each and the others none. Wright, having resigned under pressure from bassist Roger Waters in the 1970s, was not contractually a full member of the band, which upset him. Wright reflected: "It came very close to a point where I wasn't going to do the album, because I didn't feel that what we'd agreed was fair." Wright received his first songwriting credits on any Pink Floyd album since 1975's "Wish You Were Here".


title: The Division Bell

text: Gilmour's fiancée, the novelist Polly Samson, also received songwriting credits. Initially, her role was limited to providing encouragement for Gilmour, but she helped him write "High Hopes", a song about Gilmour's childhood in Cambridge. She co-wrote a further six songs, which bothered Ezrin. Gilmour said that Samson's contributions had "ruffled the management's [feathers]", but Ezrin later reflected that her presence had been inspirational for Gilmour, and that she "pulled the whole album together". She also helped Gilmour with the cocaine addiction he had developed following his divorce.


title: The Division Bell

text: Keyboardist Jon Carin, percussionist Gary Wallis, and backing vocalists including Sam Brown and "Momentary Lapse" tour singer Durga McBroom were brought in before recording began. The band moved to Olympic Studios and recorded most of the tracks over the space of a week. After a summer break, they returned to "Astoria" to record more backing tracks. Ezrin worked on the drum sounds, and Pink Floyd collaborator Michael Kamen provided the string arrangements, which were recorded at Abbey Road Studio Two by Steve McLaughlin. Dick Parry played saxophone on his first Pink Floyd album for almost 20 years, on "Wearing the Inside Out", and Chris Thomas created the final mix. Between September and December recording and mixing sessions were held at Metropolis Studios in Chiswick and the Creek Recording Studios in London. In September, Pink Floyd performed at a celebrity charity concert at Cowdray House, in Midhurst. The album was mastered at the Mastering Lab in Los Angeles, by Doug Sax and James Guthrie.


title: The Division Bell

text: Jackson edited unused material from the "Division Bell "sessions, described by Mason as ambient music, into an hour-long composition tentatively titled "The Big Spliff," but Pink Floyd decided not to release it. Some of "The Big Spliff" was used to create the band's next album, "The Endless River" (2014).


title: The Division Bell

text: With the aid of Gilmour's guitar technician, Phil Taylor, Carin located some of Pink Floyd's older keyboards from storage, including a Farfisa organ. Sounds sampled from these instruments were used on "Take It Back" and "Marooned". Additional keyboards were played by Carin, along with Bob Ezrin. Durga McBroom supplied backing vocals alongside Sam Brown, Carol Kenyon, Jackie Sheridan, and Rebecca Leigh-White.


title: The Division Bell

text: "What Do You Want from Me" is influenced by Chicago blues, and "Poles Apart" contains folksy overtones. Gilmour's improvised guitar solos on "Marooned" used a DigiTech Whammy pedal to pitch-shift the guitar notes over an octave. On "Take It Back", he used a Gibson J-200 guitar through a Zoom effects unit, played with an EBow, an electronic device which produces sounds similar to a bow.


title: The Division Bell

text: "The Division Bell" deals with themes of communication and the idea that talking can solve many problems. "In the Studio" radio host Redbeard suggested that the album offers "the very real possibility of transcending it all, through shivering moments of grace". Songs such as "Poles Apart" and "Lost for Words" have been interpreted by fans and critics as references to the estrangement between Pink Floyd and former band member Roger Waters, who left in 1985; however, Gilmour denied this, and said: "People can invent and relate to a song in their personal ways, but it's a little late at this point for us to be conjuring Roger up." The title refers to the division bell rung in the British parliament to announce a vote. Drummer Nick Mason said: "It's about people making choices, yeas or nays."


title: The Division Bell

text: Produced a few years after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, "A Great Day for Freedom" juxtaposes the general euphoria of the fall of the Berlin Wall, with the subsequent wars and ethnic cleansing, particularly in Yugoslavia. Audio samples of Stephen Hawking, originally recorded for a BT television advertisement, were used in "Keep Talking"; Gilmour was so moved by Hawking's sentiment in the advert that he contacted the advertising company for permission to use the recordings. Mason said it felt "politically incorrect to take ideas from advertising, but it seemed a very relevant piece". At the end of the album Gilmour's stepson Charlie is heard hanging up the telephone receiver on Pink Floyd manager Steve O'Rourke, who had pleaded to be allowed to appear on a Pink Floyd album.


title: The Division Bell

text: To avoid competing against other album releases, as had happened with "A Momentary Lapse," Pink Floyd set a deadline of April 1994, at which point they would begin a new tour. By January of that year, however, the band still had not decided on an album title. Titles considered included "Pow Wow" and "Down to Earth". At a dinner one night, writer Douglas Adams, spurred by the promise of a payment to his favourite charity, the Environmental Investigation Agency, suggested "The Division Bell", a term which appears in "High Hopes".


title: The Division Bell

text: Longtime Floyd collaborator Storm Thorgerson provided the album artwork. He erected two large metal heads, each the height of a double-decker bus, in a field near Stuntney, Cambridgeshire. The sculptures were positioned together and photographed in profile, and can be seen as two faces talking to each other or as a single, third face. Thorgerson said the "third absent face" was a reference to Syd Barrett. The sculptures were devised by Keith Breeden, and constructed by John Robertson. Ely Cathedral is visible on the horizon. The pictures were shot in February for optimal lighting conditions. In 2001, the sculptures were in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. In 2017, they were moved to the London Victoria and Albert Museum for display in . An alternate version of the cover photo, featuring two stone sculptures by Aden Hynes, was used on the compact cassette release and the tour brochure.


title: The Division Bell

text: On 10 January 1994 a press reception to announce "The Division Bell" and world tour was held at a former US Naval Air Station in North Carolina, in the US. A purpose-built Skyship 600 airship, manufactured in the UK, toured the US until it returned to Weeksville, and was destroyed by a thunderstorm on 27 June. Pieces of the aircraft were sold as souvenirs. The band held another reception, in the UK, on 21 March. This time they used an A60 airship, translucent, and painted to look like a fish, which took journalists on a tour of London. The airship, which was lit internally so it glowed in the night sky, was also flown in northern Europe.


title: The Division Bell

text: "The Division Bell" was released in the UK by EMI Records on 28 March 1994, and in the US on 4 April, and went straight to #1 in both countries. "The Division Bell" was certified silver and gold in the UK on 1 April 1994, platinum a month later and 2× platinum on 1 October. In the US, it was certified gold and double platinum on 6 June 1994, and triple platinum on 29 January 1999.


title: The Division Bell

text: In the United States the album debuted at number one in the "Billboard" 200 during the week of 23 April 1994 selling more than 460,000 units, at the time it was the 12th largest single-week total since "Billboard" began using SoundScan data in May 1991 and also became the fifth-largest first-week sales sum back then. The next week it stayed at the top of the chart selling a little less than half its first-week total, it moved 226,000 units during its second week on chart. The next week sales slid by 30% from last week's sum selling 157,000 units, despite this sales decrease the album stayed at number one. The following week, on 14 May 1994 "The Division Bell" remained at number one on the "Billboard" 200 and sales declined by 17%. In its fifth week, it fell off to the fourth place on the chart. It was present on the "Billboard" 200 for 53 weeks. It was certified three times platinum by the RIAA on 29 January 1999 for shipments of three million units.


title: The Division Bell

text: Roger Waters, who left Pink Floyd in 1985, dismissed "The Division Bell" as "Just rubbish ... nonsense from beginning to end."


title: The Division Bell

text: Two days after the album's release, the Division Bell Tour began at Joe Robbie Stadium, in suburban Miami. The set list began with 1967's "Astronomy Domine", before moving to tracks from 1987's "A Momentary Lapse of Reason", and "The Division Bell". Songs from "Wish You Were Here" and "The Wall" were featured, as well as the whole "Dark Side of the Moon". Backing musicians included Sam Brown, Jon Carin, Claudia Fontaine, Durga McBroom, Dick Parry, Guy Pratt, Tim Renwick, and Gary Wallis. The tour continued in the US through April, May and mid-June, before moving to Canada, and then returning to the US in July. As the tour reached Europe in late July, Waters declined an invitation to join the band, and later expressed his annoyance that Pink Floyd songs were being performed again in large venues. On the first night of the UK leg of the tour on 12 October, a 1,200-capacity stand collapsed, but with no serious injuries; the performance was rescheduled.


title: The Division Bell

text: During the tour, an anonymous person using the name Publius posted on an internet newsgroup, inviting fans to solve a riddle supposedly concealed in the album. The message was verified during a show in East Rutherford, where lights in front of the stage spelled out "Enigma Publius". During a televised concert at Earls Court, London, in October 1994, the word "enigma" was projected in large letters on to the backdrop of the stage. Mason later acknowledged that the riddle, known as the Publius engima, was created by the record company. It remains unsolved.


title: The Division Bell

text: The tour ended at Earls Court on 29 October 1994, and was Pink Floyd's final concert performance until Live 8 in 2005. Estimates placed the total number of tickets sold at over 5.3 million, and gross income at about $100 million. A live album and video, "Pulse", was released in June 1995.


title: The Division Bell

text: "The Division Bell" received mixed reviews on release. Tom Sinclair of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote that "avarice is the only conceivable explanation for this glib, vacuous cipher of an album, which is notable primarily for its stomach-turning merger of progressive-rock pomposity and New Age noodling". "Rolling Stone" Tom Graves criticised Gilmour's performance, stating that his guitar solos had "settled into rambling, indistinct asides that are as forgettable as they used to be indelible ... only on 'What Do You Want from Me' does Gilmour sound like he cares".


title: The Division Bell

text: The album won the Grammy for Best Rock Instrumental Performance on "Marooned". "The Division Bell" was nominated for the 1995 Brit Award for Best Album by a British Artist, but lost to Blur's "Parklife".


title: The Division Bell

text: In "Uncut"'s 2011 "Pink Floyd: The Ultimate Music Guide", Graeme Thomson wrote that "The Division Bell " "might just be the dark horse of the Floyd canon. The opening triptych of songs is a hugely impressive return to something very close to the eternal essence of Pink Floyd, and much of the rest retains a quiet power and a meditative quality that betrays a genuine sense of unity." In 2014, "Uncut" reviewed the album again for its 20th-anniversary reissue, and praised its production, writing that it sounded much "more like a classic Pink Floyd album" than "The Final Cut" (1983) and that the connection between Wright and Gilmour was "the album's musical heart".


title: The Division Bell

text: "The Division Bell" was reissued on the 2011 "Why Pink Floyd...?" campaign which saw it remastered by Andy Jackson and released as a standalone CD and as part of the "Discovery" box set which collects all of the 14 studio albums together for the first time. It was reissued again on 30 June 2014, as a "20th anniversary deluxe edition" box set and a 20th anniversary double-LP vinyl reissue. The box set contains the 2011 remaster of the album; a 5.1 surround sound remix by Andy Jackson; 2-LP record on 180g vinyl; a red 7" "Take It Back" single; a clear 7" "High Hopes/Keep Talking" single; a blue, laser-etched 12" "High Hopes" single; book and assorted art cards. The 2014 reissues saw the first release of the full album on vinyl as the 1994 vinyl release saw only edited versions of the songs to keep it to a single LP. "The Division Bell" was reissued again with the Pink Floyd Records label on 26 August 2016.


title: The Division Bell

text: A limited-edition 25th anniversary double-LP was announced on 11 April 2019, with a release date set for 7 June. The reissue is on blue vinyl and uses the two-LP master created for the 20th anniversary vinyl release.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: Kwak Dong-yeon (; born 19 March 1997), is a South Korean actor and musician. He made his acting debut in the television series "My Husband Got a Family" in 2012 for which he received Best Young Actor Award at the Korea Drama Awards. He then starred in "Adolescence Medley" (2013), " Modern Farmer" (2014) and in 2016, gained recognition with historical drama "Love in the Moonlight". He is also well known for his roles in "Gangnam Beauty" (2018), "My Strange Hero" (2018), "Never Twice" (2019), "Vincenzo" (2021), and "Big Mouth" (2022).


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: At 13, he permanently moved to Seoul by himself to pursue his dream to be an artist. He has been studying music at FNC Academy since 2010, and also took acting lessons. In February 2013, he graduated from Munrae Junior High School and graduated from School of Performing Arts Seoul in February 2016.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: Kwak was originally a lead guitarist and vocalist of Kokoma Band (literally, "Little Kids' Band"), a trainee band managed by FNC Entertainment.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: He made his acting debut in 2012, appearing in the KBS television series "My Husband Got a Family". The drama reached a peak audience rating of 49.6%, thereby earning the "national drama" status. The series ranked number one overall on the 2012 yearly TV ratings chart. For his performance, Kwak won the Best Young Actor Award at the 2012 Korea Drama Awards.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In 2013, he featured as young Prince Dong-pyung in the SBS historical drama "Jang Ok-jung, Living by Love".


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: He then starred in the KBS Drama Special "Adolescence Medley", a coming-of-age drama based on the webtoon of the same name.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: The same year, Kwak featured in the KBS period drama "Inspiring Generation" playing the younger version of Kim Hyun-joong's character. His portrayal of a boy who struggled as the head of the family from an early age to fill the father's vacancy, garnered him a nomination at the 16th Seoul International Youth Film Festival for the Best Young Actor Award.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In March 2014, he took on the lead role in KBS Drama Special "Middle School Girl A" where he portrayed a smart transfer student who got bullied in his new school. He then starred in SBS weekend drama "Modern Farmer", playing a drummer of a rock band who later moved to a village to be a farmer. In December 2014, Kwak's performances in the drama "Inspiring Generation" and the drama special "Middle School Student A" won him the Best Young Actor Award in the 2014 KBS Drama Awards.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In 2015, Kwak starred alongside Sistar's Bora in the web series "The Flatterer", based on a webtoon of the same name. He portrayed Park Gun, an underdog high school student struggling to survive among the strong in a realistic and comical way. He also starred in a KBS2 Drama Special "Avici", playing the role of a model student from an elite high school, but lacks the ability to empathize with others' pain, who tried his best to cover up his mom's murder.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In 2016, he gained more recognition after co-starring in the hit KBS2 historical series "Love in the Moonlight" as a skilled swordsman known as Kim Byung-yeon. The role earned him a nomination for the Best New Actor at the 2016 KBS Drama Awards, and the 10th Korea Drama Awards. In 2017, Kwak made a guest appearance in drama "Fight for my way", as Kim Ji-won's ex-boyfriend, and played a supporting role in SBS fantasy romance drama "Reunited Worlds".


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In July 2017, Kwak was cast as Michael, the main protagonist in the Korean adaptation of "The Elephant Song" play, which ran from September 6 to November 26 at the former Suhyeonjae Theater in Seoul.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In 2017, Kwak starred as the main protagonist in a KBS2 drama special "Slow". His portrayal of a frustrated baseball player "who fell into a slump, and was anxious about an uncertain future", garnered him a nomination for the Best Actor in a One-Act/Special/Short Drama Award at the 2017 KBS Drama Awards.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: On 27 November 2017, Kwak carried the Olympics flame for the 2018 Pyeongchang Games in Gokseong, South Jeolla province as part of the torch relay.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In 2018, he joined the cast of KBS romance drama "Radio Romance", playing the role of a psychiatrist who is Ji Soo-ho (Yoon Doo-joon)'s high school classmate and personal doctor. He also starred in JTBC's romantic comedy series "Gangnam Beauty", which was a hit and gained renewed recognition for Kwak. He then starred in SBS's romantic comedy drama "My Strange Hero", which is Kwak's first villain role following his debut. The role earned him a nomination for the Excellence Award, Actor in a Miniseries at the 2019 SBS Drama Awards.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In 2019, Kwak made a special appearance in SBS drama "Doctor Detective", portraying Jung Ha-rang, a screen door service engineer from a vocational high school, who was destroyed by an industrial accident. Later in the same year, Kwak starred in the family drama "Never Twice". He acted as the lead male role there with actress Park Se-wan. He played the role of Na Hae-jun, the heir of a five-star hotel. The performance earned him a nomination for the Excellence Award, Actor in a Weekend Drama at the 2019 MBC Drama Awards, and for the Excellent Award, Actor in Serial Drama at the 7th APAN Star Awards.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In October 2019, Kwak reprised his role in "The Elephant Song", from 22 November 2019 to 16 February 2020.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In 2020, he appeared in sports film "Baseball Girl". He also made a special appearance in the tvN drama "It's Okay to Not Be Okay". Kwak takes on the role of a manic patient with exhibitionism in the drama. In June 2020, it was announced that Kwak would be a part of the cast in the Korean adaptation of the musical comedy "Something Rotten!". He played the role of Nigel Bottom, a genius playwright who is also pure and passionate. The performance earned him a nomination for the Rookie of the Year Award, Male category at the 5th Korea Musical Awards. The play ran from August 7 to October 18 at the Chungmu Art Center Grand Theater. In August 2020, Kwak signed with new agency H& Entertainment after leaving FNC Entertainment.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In February 2021, Kwak starred in tvN television series "Vincenzo". He played the role of Jang Han-seo, the half-brother of Jang Jun-woo portrayed by Taecyeon, who publicly acts as chairman in his brother's place. In May 2021, Kwak joined SBS variety show "Delicious Rendezvous" along with Choi Won-young and Choi Ye-bin.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: In 2022, Kwak appeared in the movie "6/45" as an observer in the South Korean front force and in the MBC drama "Big Mouth" as a convicted scammer called Jerry.


title: Kwak Dong-yeon

text: On 26 February 2014, not long after Kwak finished his "Inspiring Generation" drama promotion, his mother died of an illness.


title: Sable

text: The sable (Martes zibellina) is a species of marten, a small omnivorous mammal primarily inhabiting the forest environments of Russia, from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, and northern Mongolia. Its habitat also borders eastern Kazakhstan, China, North Korea and Hokkaido, Japan.


title: Sable

text: The name "sable" appears to be of Slavic origin and entered most Western European languages via the early medieval fur trade. Thus the Russian () and Polish became the German , Dutch ; the French , Spanish , Finnish , Portuguese and Medieval Latin derive from the Italian form (). The English and Medieval Latin word comes from the Old French or .


title: Sable

text: The term has become a generic description for some black-furred animal breeds, such as sable cats or rabbits, and for the colour black in heraldry.


title: Sable

text: Males measure in body length, with a tail measuring , and weigh . Females have a body length of , with a tail length of . The winter pelage is longer and more luxurious than the summer coat. Different subspecies display geographic variations of fur colour, which ranges from light to dark brown, with individual coloring being lighter ventrally and darker on the back and legs. Japanese sables (known locally as or ) in particular are marked with black on their legs and feet. Individuals also display a light patch of fur on their throat which may be gray, white, or pale yellow. The fur is softer and silkier than that of American martens. Sables greatly resemble pine martens in size and appearance, but have more elongated heads, longer ears and proportionately shorter tails. Their skulls are similar to those of pine martens, but larger and more robust with more arched zygomatic arches.


title: Sable

text: Sables inhabit dense forests dominated by spruce, pine, larch, Siberian cedar, and birch in both lowland and mountainous terrain. They defend home territories that may be anything from in size, depending on local terrain and food availability. However, when resources are scarce they may move considerable distances in search of food, with travel rates of per day having been recorded.


title: Sable

text: Sables live in burrows near riverbanks and in the thickest parts of woods. These burrows are commonly made more secure by being dug among tree roots. They are good climbers of cliffs and trees. They are primarily crepuscular, hunting during the hours of twilight, but become more active in the day during the mating season. Their dens are well hidden, and lined by grass and shed fur, but may be temporary, especially during the winter, when the animal travels more widely in search of prey.


title: Sable

text: Sables are omnivores, and their diet varies seasonally. In the summer, they eat large numbers of mountain hare and other small mammals. In winter, when they are confined to their retreats by frost and snow, they feed on wild berries, rodents, hares, and even small musk deer. They also hunt ermine, small weasels and birds. Sometimes, sables follow the tracks of wolves and bears and feed on the remains of their kills. They eat gastropods such as slugs, which they rub on the ground in order to remove the mucus. Sables also occasionally eat fish, which they catch with their front paws.


title: Sable

text: They hunt primarily by sound and scent, and they have an acute sense of hearing. Sables mark their territory with scent produced in glands on the abdomen. Predators of sable include a number of larger carnivores, such as wolves, foxes, wolverines, tigers, lynxes, eagles and large owls.


title: Sable

text: Mating generally occurs between June and August 15, though the date varies geographically. When courting, sables run, jump and "rumble" like cats. Males dig metre long shallow grooves in the snow, frequently accompanied by urination. Males fight each other violently for females. Females enter estrus in spring. Mating can last as long as eight hours. After insemination, the blastocyst does not implant into the uterine wall of the female. Instead, implantation occurs eight months later; although gestation lasts 245 to 298 days, embryonic development requires only 25–30 days. Sables birth in tree hollows, where they build nests composed of moss, leaves, and dried grass. Litters number one to seven young, although litters of two or three are most common. Males assist females by defending their territories and providing food.


title: Sable

text: Sables are born with eyes closed and skin covered in a very thin layer of hair. Newborn cubs weigh between and average in length. They open their eyes between 30 and 36 days, and leave the nest shortly afterwards. At seven weeks, the young are weaned and given regurgitated food. They reach sexual maturity at the age of two years. They have been reported to live for up to twenty two years on fur farms, and up to eighteen years in the wild.


title: Sable

text: Sables can interbreed with pine martens. This has been observed in the wild, where the two species overlap in the Ural Mountains, and is sometimes deliberately encouraged on fur farms. The resulting hybrid, referred to as a kidus, is slightly smaller than a pure sable, with coarser fur, but otherwise similar markings, and a long bushy tail. Kiduses are typically sterile, although there has been one recorded instance of a female kidus successfully breeding with a male pine marten.


title: Sable

text: In Russia, the sable's distribution is largely the result of mass re-introductions involving 19,000 animals between 1940 and 1965. Their range extends northward to the tree line, and extends south to 55–60° latitude in western Siberia, and 42° in the mountainous areas of eastern Asia. Their western distribution encompasses the Ural Mountains, where they are sympatric with the European pine marten. They are also found on Sakhalin.


title: Sable

text: In Mongolia, sables occur in the Altai Mountains and in the surrounding forests of Lake Hovsgol, the latter being contiguous with the Trans-Baikal boreal forest region from which the most valuable sable pelts come. In China, sables occur in a limited area of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In northeastern China, sables are now limited to the Greater Khingan Range. In eastern Heilongjiang, the persistence of sables is suspected in the Lesser Khingan Range. Sables also occur in Hokkaido and on the Korean peninsula.


title: Sable

text: Because of the variable appearance of the sable in different geographic localities, there has been some debate over the exact number of subspecies that can be clearly identified. "Mammal Species of the World" recognises seventeen different subspecies, but other recent scholarly sources have identified anything from seven to thirty.


title: Sable

text: Sable fur has been a highly valued item in the fur trade since the early Middle Ages, and is generally considered to have the most beautiful and richly tinted pelt among martens. Sable fur is unique because it retains its smoothness in every direction it is stroked. The fur of other animals feels rough stroked against the grain. A wealthy 17th-century Russian diplomat once described the sable as "A beast that the Ancient Greeks and Romans called the Golden Fleece." Russian sables would typically be skinned over the mouth with no incision being made on the body. The feet would be retained, so as to keep as much fur as possible. Byzantine priests would wear sable for their rituals.


title: Sable

text: In England, sable fur was held in great esteem. Henry I was presented with a wreath of black sable by the Bishop of Lincoln, for no less than £100, a considerable sum at the time. Sable fur was a favourite of Henry VIII, who once received five sets of sable fur worth £400 from Emperor Charles V. Henry later decreed that sable fur was to be worn only by nobles exceeding the rank of viscount. The Russian conquest of Siberia was largely spurred by the availability of sables there. Ivan Grozny once demanded an annual tribute of 30,000 sable pelts from the newly conquered Kazan Tatars, though they never sent more than a thousand, as Russia at the time was unable to enforce the tribute due to wars with Sweden and Poland. The best skins were obtained in Irkutsk and Kamchatka.


title: Sable

text: According to the "Secret History of the Mongols", when Genghis Khan married his first wife, Börte Ujin, his mother Hoelun received a coat of sable furs from the girl's parents. This was reportedly a very noble gift, serving not only an aesthetic need but also a practical one.


title: Sable

text: According to Atkinson's "Travels in Asiatic Russia", Barguzin, on Lake Baikal, was famed for its sables. The fur of this population is a deep jet black with white tipped hair. Eighty to ninety dollars were sometimes demanded by hunters for a single skin. In 1916, the first nature reserve in the Russian Empire was created—known as the Barguzin Nature Reserve—precisely to preserve and increase the numbers of Barguzin sable. Sable fur would continue to be the most favoured fur in Russia, until the discovery of sea otters in the Kamchatka peninsula, whose fur was considered even more valuable. Sable furs were coveted by the nobility of the Russian Empire, with very few skins ever being found outside the country during that period. Some, however, would be privately obtained by Jewish traders and brought annually to the Leipzig fair. Sometimes, sable hunting was a job given to convicts exiled to Siberia.


title: Sable

text: Imperial Russian fur companies produced 25,000 skins annually, with nearly ninety percent of the produce being exported to France and Germany. The civic robes of the Lord Mayor and Corporation of London, which were worn on State occasions, were trimmed with sable. As with minks and martens, sables were commonly caught in steel traps. Intensified hunting in Russia in the 19th and early 20th century caused a severe-enough decline in numbers that a five-year ban on hunting was instituted in 1935, followed by a winter-limited licensed hunt. These restrictions together with the development of sable farms have allowed the species to recolonize much of its former range and attain healthy numbers.


title: Sable

text: The Soviet Union allowed Old Believer communities to continue their traditional way of life on the condition that they hand over all sable skins they produced. The dissolution of the Soviet Union led to an increase of hunting and poaching in the 1990s, in part because wild caught Russian furs are considered the most luxurious and demand the highest prices on the international market. Currently, the species has no special conservation status according to the IUCN Red List, though the isolated Japanese subspecies "M. zibellina brachyurus" is listed as "data-deficient".


title: Sable

text: Because of its great expense, sable fur is typically integrated into various clothes fashions: to decorate collars, sleeves, hems and hats (see, for example the shtreimel). The so-called kolinsky sable-hair brushes used for watercolour or oil painting are not manufactured from sable hair, but from that of the Siberian weasel.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: "A Whiter Shade of Pale" is a song by the English rock band Procol Harum that was issued as their debut record on 12 May 1967. The single reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart on 8 June and stayed there for six weeks. Without much promotion, it reached number 5 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. One of the anthems of the 1967 Summer of Love, it is one of the most commercially successful singles in history, having sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. In the years since, "A Whiter Shade of Pale" has become an enduring classic, with more than 1,000 known cover versions by other artists.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: With its Bach-derived instrumental melody, soulful vocals, and unusual lyrics, the music of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was composed by Gary Brooker and Matthew Fisher, while the lyrics were written by Keith Reid. Originally, the writing credits only listed Brooker and Reid. In 2009, Fisher won co-writing credit for the music in a unanimous ruling from the Law Lords.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: In 1977, the song was named joint winner (along with Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody") of "The Best British Pop Single 1952–1977" at the Brit Awards. In 1998, the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, the performing rights group Phonographic Performance Limited recognised it as the most-played record by British broadcasting of the past 70 years and "Rolling Stone" placed it 57th on its list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". In 2009, it was reported as the most played song in the last 75 years in public places in the UK.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: The song has been included in many music compilations over the decades and has also been used in the soundtracks of numerous films and television shows, including "The Big Chill", "Purple Haze", "Breaking the Waves", "The Boat That Rocked", "Tour of Duty", "House M.D.", Martin Scorsese's segment of "New York Stories", "Stonewall", "Oblivion", Ken Burns and Lynn Novick's documentary series "The Vietnam War" and the 2022 limited series "The Offer". Cover versions of the song have also been featured in many films, for example, by King Curtis in "Withnail and I" and by Annie Lennox in "The Net".


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Keith Reid got the title and starting point for the song at a party. He overheard someone at the party saying to a woman, "You've turned a whiter shade of pale", and the phrase stuck in his mind. The original lyrics had four verses, of which only two are heard on the original recording. The third verse has been heard in live performances by Procol Harum, and more seldom the fourth. Claes Johansen, in his book "Procol Harum: Beyond the Pale", suggests that the song "deals in metaphorical form with a male/female relationship which after some negotiation ends in a sexual act". This is supported in "Lives of the Great Songs" by Tim de Lisle, who remarks that the lyrics concern a drunken seduction, which is described through references to sex as a form of travel, usually nautical, using mythical and literary journeys. Other observers have also commented that the lyrics concern a sexual relationship.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Contrary to the above interpretations, Reid was quoted in the February 2008 issue of "Uncut" magazine as saying:


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: I was trying to conjure a mood as much as tell a straightforward, girl-leaves-boy story. With the ceiling flying away and room humming harder, I wanted to paint an image of a scene. I wasn’t trying to be mysterious with those images, I was trying to be evocative. I suppose it seems like a decadent scene I’m describing. But I was too young to have experienced any decadence, then. I might have been smoking when I conceived it, but not when I wrote. It was influenced by books, not drugs.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Structurally and thematically, the song is unusual. While the recorded version is 4:03 long, it is composed of only two verses, each with chorus. The piece is also more instrument-driven than most songs of the period, and with a much looser rhyme scheme. Its unusually allusive and referential lyrics are much more complex than most lyrics of the time (for example, the chorus alludes to Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Miller's Tale"). The lyricist, Keith Reid, said: "I'd never read "The Miller's Tale" in my life. Maybe that's something that I knew subconsciously, but it certainly wasn't a conscious idea for me to quote from Chaucer, no way."


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: The phrase "a whiter shade of pale" has since gained widespread use in the English language, noticed by several dictionaries. As such, the phrase is today often used in contexts independent of any consideration of the song. It has also been heavily paraphrased, in forms like "an Xer shade of Y", to the extent that it has been recognised as a snowclone – a type of cliché and phrasal template.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: The song is in moderate time in C major and is characterised by the bassline moving stepwise downwards in a repeated pattern throughout. In classical music this is known as a ground bass. The harmonic structure is identical for the organ melody, the verse and the chorus, except that the chorus finishes with a cadence. The main organ melody appears at the beginning and after each verse/chorus. But it is also heard throughout, playing variations of its theme and counterpointing the vocal line. As the chorus commences "And so it was, that later ...", the vocal and organ accompaniment begin a short crescendo, with the organist running his finger rapidly down and up the entire keyboard. The final instrumental fades out to silence  —  a common device in pop music of the time.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: The similarity between the Hammond Organ line of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" and J. S. Bach's Air from his Orchestral Suite No. 3 BWV1068, (the "Air on the G string"), where the sustained opening note of the main melodic line flowers into a free-flowing melody against a descending bass line, has been noted.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Allan Moore notes in the 2018 BBC radio series "Soul Music" that the resemblance "creates the sense of [Bach’s] music without actually quoting it". The similarity is also referred to humorously in the 1982 play "The Real Thing" by Tom Stoppard and in the 1991 film "The Commitments". Other writers have noted similar "family resemblances" to other works by Bach: the Sinfonia which opens the cantata "Ich steh mit einem Fuß im Grabe", BWV 156, the organ chorale Prelude "O Mensch, bewein' dein' Sünde groß" (O Man, Lament Your Sin So Great), BWV 622, from the (Little Organ Book) and the Cantata "Sleepers Wake", BWV140. The music also borrows ideas from "When a Man Loves a Woman" by Percy Sledge.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Procol Harum recorded "A Whiter Shade of Pale" at Olympic Sound Studios in London, England. The recording was produced by Denny Cordell. Because they did not have a regular drummer, the drums were played by Bill Eyden, a session musician. The track was completed in two takes, with no subsequent overdubbing.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: A few days after the session, the band re-recorded the song with their newly recruited drummer, Bobby Harrison, at Advision Studios. This version was discarded, and one of the original mono recordings was chosen for release as the band's debut single. The B-side was "Lime Street Blues", another Brooker–Reid song, which the band recorded at Advision.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Cordell was concerned that the sound of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" might prove problematic on the radio, due to the prominence of the drummer's cymbals. He therefore sent an acetate copy to Radio London, and his worries were assuaged when the disc jockey played the disc on-air and announced: "That sounds like a massive hit."


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: The single was released on 12 May 1967 in the United Kingdom by Deram Records and entered "Record Retailer"s chart (later the UK Singles Chart) on 25 May. In two weeks it reached number 1, where it stayed for six weeks. Writing in 2005, Jim Irvin of "Mojo" said that its arrival at number 1 on 8 June 1967, on the same day that the Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" topped the national albums chart, marked the start of the Summer of Love in Britain.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: According to music historian Harvey Kubernik, in the context of the Summer of Love, "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was the "one song [that] stood above all others, its Everest-like status conferred by no less than John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who were enthralled by the Chaucerian wordplay and heavenly Baroque accompaniment". Kubernik also writes that, amid the search for higher consciousness during the flower power era, the song "galvanised a congregation of disaffected youth dismissive of traditional religion but anxious to achieve spiritual salvation". In his 1981 article on the musical and societal developments of 1967, for "The History of Rock", sociomusicologist Simon Frith described "A Whiter Shade of Pale" as the year's "most distinctive single", through its combination of "white soul vocal and a Bach organ exercise" and enigmatic lyrics that "hinted at a vital secret open only to people in the right, drug-determined, state of mind". Beach Boys leader Brian Wilson had a profound reaction to hearing the song and momentarily believed that it was his funeral march; in a 2004 interview, he said, "When I hear it now, I [still] imagine myself at my own funeral."


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: In the United States, the single reached number 5 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and sold over 1 million copies. It stayed at its peak position for two weeks beginning the week of July 29, 1967. It also peaked at number 22 on the soul charts there. "Cash Box" called it "a haunting, imaginative ballad [that] has a winning sound". The song was included on the US release of the "Procol Harum" album, in September 1967, but not on the subsequent UK version. In the Netherlands, the single entered the chart at number 1 in June 1967 and reached number 1 again in July 1972. A May 1972 re-release on Fly Records peaked at number 13 in the UK. Due to concerns about overexposure, the song was removed from the band's repertoire in 1969 for a number of years.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: "A Whiter Shade of Pale" has continued to receive critical acclaim. Along with Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody", "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was jointly recognised as "The Best British Pop Single 1952–1977" at the BRIT Awards, part of Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. In 1998 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, it appeared at number 57 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". British TV station Channel 4 placed the song at number 19 in its chart of "The 100 Greatest No. 1 Singles". In 2018, the song was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in a new category for singles.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: After Brooker's death, the song gained download sales and then entered the UK Official Singles Sales Chart at number 38 on 25 February 2022. In The Netherlands the song also regained popularity after the 2021 murder of crime reporter Peter R. de Vries, who considered it his favorite song.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: The first promotional clip for "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was shot in the ruins of Witley Court in Worcestershire, England. It features four of the five musicians who played on the hit single: Gary Brooker, Matthew Fisher, David Knights and Ray Royer, in performance and walking through the ruins. Only the drummer in the video is not on the record: early band member Bobby Harrison is seen miming to session man Bill Eyden's drumming. The film was directed by Peter Clifton, whose insertion of Vietnam War newsreel footage caused it to be banned from airplay on the BBC's "Top of the Pops" TV show.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Procol Harum subsequently made a second promotional clip, using "Scopitone" technology. By this time, Robin Trower and B.J. Wilson had replaced Royer and Harrison in the band, so only three of the five musicians on the recording are represented. No performance footage appears in this film – only scenes of the five musicians cavorting around London and running across fields. The same lineup, with Fisher wearing a monk's cowl, mimed to the song on "Top of the Pops", although Brooker sang live. Black-and-white footage of the performance has been shown online. The song represents 1967 on the 2004 DVD release "Top of the Pops 40th Anniversary 1964–2004".


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: There was also a film shot as part of Joel Gallen's Deja-View music video series. Originally airing on various networks from late 1985 into 1986, this video starred Harry Dean Stanton and Bernie Taupin, but featured no member of the band. It has also aired on VH1 Classic, and has recently surfaced online.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: In 2005, former Procol Harum organist Matthew Fisher filed suit in the High Court against Gary Brooker and his publisher, claiming that he co-wrote the music for the song. Fisher won the case on 20 December 2006 but was awarded 40% of the composers' share of the music copyright, rather than the 50% he was seeking and was not granted royalties for the period before 2005.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Brooker and publisher Onward Music were granted leave to appeal, and a hearing on the matter was held before a panel of three judges during the week of 1 October 2007. The decision, on 4 April 2008, by Lord Justice Mummery, in the Court of Appeal upheld Fisher's co-authorship but ruled that he should receive no royalties as he had taken too long (38 years) to bring his claim to litigation. Full royalty rights were returned to Brooker.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: On 5 November 2008, Fisher was granted permission to appeal this decision to the House of Lords. Lawyers say it is the first time the Law Lords have been asked to rule on a copyright dispute involving a song. The appeal was heard in the House of Lords on 22–23 April 2009.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: On 30 July 2009 the Law Lords unanimously ruled in Fisher's favour. They noted that the delay in bringing the case had not caused any harm to the other party; on the contrary they had benefited financially from it. They also pointed out that there were no time limits to copyright claims under English law. The right to future royalties was therefore returned to Fisher. Brooker claimed that the case had cost him £1 million in legal fees.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was covered by Hagar Schon Aaronson Shrieve for their 1984 album "Through the Fire". It was released as the album's only single and reached No. 94 at the Billboard Hot 100 charts.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was covered by Annie Lennox for her second solo album, "Medusa" (1995). It was released as the album's second single in May 1995 and became a top-forty hit in Europe and Canada. It was also used in Irwin Winkler's film "The Net", appearing in closing credits.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Steve Baltin from "Cash Box" picked the song as Pick of the Week, writing, "For the second single from her "Medusa" album, which is all covers, Lennox takes on one of rock's true classics. Sans the psychedelic feel that Procol Harum had on the original version the song metamorphisizes in Lennox’s distinctly elegant hands. Starting with a simple, yet lovely, keyboard sound the song takes on the cool detached feel of Lennox that one of music's most accomplished singers has become famous for. To say a Lennox song, any Lennox track, is classy is almost redundant, but that is exactly the word to sum up her version of the song. Look for this to successfully hit, especially “No More 'I Love You's” with ample amounts of radio support from Adult Contemporary and CHR."


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: A cover by The Hesitations reached just number 100 (2 weeks) on the Billboard charts in 1968, but did better in Canada, reaching number 83.


title: A Whiter Shade of Pale

text: Another version by R. B. Greaves made number 82 in the Billboard charts in 1970, and number 85 in Canada.


title: Julia (2022 TV series)

text: Julia is an American television series created by Daniel Goldfarb that premiered on HBO Max on March 31, 2022. It is based on the life of television chef Julia Child. In May 2022, the series was renewed for a second season.


title: Julia (2022 TV series)

text: The series entered development at HBO Max in September 2019 after being greenlit for a pilot order, with Chris Keyser showrunning, and Joan Cusack nearing a deal to star in the titular role. By March 2020, Cusack had exited the series, and Sarah Lancashire was cast as Julia. Tom Hollander, Brittany Bradford, Bebe Neuwirth and Isabella Rossellini were added in supporting roles. In March 2020, three days into initial filming of the pilot, production was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Julia (2022 TV series)

text: In September 2020, David Hyde Pierce was cast to replace Hollander, who exited the project. In July 2021, Robert Joy, Erin Neufer, James Cromwell and Adriane Lenox were added to the cast.


title: Julia (2022 TV series)

text: Filming of the pilot resumed in Boston in October 2020. In January 2021, it was announced that the pilot - written by Daniel Goldfarb and directed by Charles McDougall - had been picked up to series, with an 8-episode order. Filming wrapped in September 2021.


title: Julia (2022 TV series)

text: The series premiered on March 31, 2022, with the first three episodes available immediately and the rest debuting on a weekly basis until May 5. On May 4, 2022, HBO Max renewed the series for a second season. In September 2022, it was reported that Rachel Bloom joined the cast for the second season.


title: Julia (2022 TV series)

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating with an average rating of 7.80/10, based on 38 critic reviews. The website's critics consensus reads, "Sarah Lancashire inhabits Julia Child with infectious joie de vivre in this appetizing valentine to the iconic chef." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 76 out of 100 based on 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Julia (2022 TV series)

text: Amy Amatangelo, for "Paste", wrote that the "series is billed as a comedy and there are definitely funny moments—notably when people are literally on the floor assisting Julia in the filming of her show—but "Julia" explores not just how pioneering Child was in showing cooking on TV, but how pioneering she was for television production in general. [...] Ultimately, the series hinges on Lancashire’s transformative performance. [...] The series thrives through its strong female characters". David Cote, for "The A.V. Club", gave "Julia" a B+ and wrote that "each 45-ish-minute episode walks a line between sentimental period drama and high-toned sitcom. [...] Lancashire carries the season on sturdy shoulders". Cote commented that the "season arc is fairly standard" and that "the nearest "Julia" has to a villain is "Feminine Mystique" author Betty Friedan (Tracee Chimo), who chides Child at a public television gala for setting back the cause. It's a powerful moment that shakes Julia and complicates her status as female liberator".


title: Julia (2022 TV series)

text: Kathryn VanArendonk, for "Vulture", called the show a "bracing, comforting hit of competence porn: people who care, doing their jobs well". VanArendonk highlighted that "the effort to loop Child into the cultural and historical context of her time makes "Julia" a better show than it could otherwise have been. [...] "Julia" has some flaws, but its good qualities outweigh the missteps". Caroline Framke, for "Variety", compared "Julia" to "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel" as both shows share the producer Daniel Goldfarb; the show "does a remarkable job recreating a specific slice of upper middle class life as anchored by a white woman whose outsized personality comes with similarly notable talent". Framke wrote that "even as the series (from showrunner Chris Keyser) identifies more complex themes at play — Julia's heartbreak at hitting menopause before having a child, her Black producer Alice (Brittany Bradford) struggling to gain the respect she deserves — it's mostly happy to skip along the (admittedly very charming) surface".


title: Julia (2022 TV series)

text: Both Framke and VanArendonk praised Bradford's performance as Alice, a fictional character based on the actual producer Ruth Lockwood, but criticized Alice's storyline in the show. Framke commented that "by making her a Black woman, "Julia" tries to be more inclusive than the reality without fully reckoning with what it would mean for a Black woman to be producing a show made by and catering to well-off white women who might fancy themselves more progressive than they truly are". VanArendonk wrote that while "Julia" shows Alice experiencing workplace harassment, it does not force the audience "to think about racism all that much. [...] Alice is an invention who feels too neatly invented".


title: Jenna Haze

text: Haze has won numerous pornographic industry awards, including the 2003 AVN Award for Best New Starlet and the 2009 AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year, making her the second performer in history to ever win both awards in the course of her career, after Missy. In 2012, she was inducted into both the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame.


title: Jenna Haze

text: Haze entered the adult film industry on July 18, 2001. Between 2002 and 2005, she was a contract girl for the film company Jill Kelly Productions. During most of her time at the company, she performed exclusively with women, out of loyalty to her then boyfriend, an industry cameraman. She returned to working with men in the 2006 multi-award-winning release "Jenna Haze Darkside", produced by Jules Jordan.


title: Jenna Haze

text: Her first scene was for "The Oral Adventures of Craven Moorehead 8" with her agent Slim Shady (Dez) and his best friend, Moorehead. It was intended to only be an oral sex scene, but in the heat of the moment she had intercourse with both. The next day she shot a scene with Miles Long in Joey Silvera's "Service Animals 4".


title: Jenna Haze

text: In February 2002, Haze appeared in a scene for Jill Kelly Productions (JKP), directed by Jill Kelly herself. Kelly was impressed by her performance and JKP offered Haze an exclusive performing contract. This was soon followed by offers from other companies, but in April 2002 Haze decided to sign with JKP, as they offered the extra flexibility she needed to make money and build her career. Soon after signing with JKP, she formed a serious relationship with an industry cameraman and began a three-year period of performing exclusively with women. At the 2003 AVN Awards ceremony, Haze was named Best New Starlet and her masturbation scene in "Big Bottom Sadie" was awarded Best Solo Sex Scene. In 2004, she appeared on the HBO show Pornucopia, a six-part documentary on the pornography industry in California.


title: Jenna Haze

text: Haze became a free agent in April 2005, after deciding not to renew her contract with JKP, partly because Jill Kelly had recently left the company. After leaving JKP and splitting with her boyfriend, Haze returned to working with male performers. The April 2006 release "Jenna Haze Darkside" featured her first boy-girl scenes in over three years. The film was produced and directed by her new boyfriend Jules Jordan. Later in the year, she began writing a sex advice column for the pornographic magazine, "Fox".


title: Jenna Haze

text: In 2006 she also started performing in striptease shows, represented by the agency Lee Network. The first achievement in her feature dancing career was a nomination for Best Feature Entertainer at the 2007 Night Moves Awards. Her film work was also rewarded in 2007, with AVN Awards for Best Oral Sex Scene (Video) and Best Group Sex Scene (Video), as well as a nomination for Female Performer of the Year.


title: Jenna Haze

text: In April 2007, "Jenna Haze Oil Orgy" became the first adult movie to be released on three high definition formats, Blu-ray, HD DVD and DVD-WMV. Meanwhile, in the same month, her official website was launched by Premium Multimedia.


title: Jenna Haze

text: In January 2008, her scene with Manuel Ferrara in "Evil Anal 2" won the AVN Award for Best Couples Sex Scene (Video). In August 2008, Haze achieved the first feature dancing award of her career winning Adult Movie Entertainer of the Year in the 11th annual Adult Nightclub and Exotic Dancer Awards. On January 10, 2009, Haze and Belladonna hosted the 2009 AVN Awards, and Haze won Female Performer of the Year.


title: Jenna Haze

text: In 2010, "Complex" ranked Haze sixteenth on their list of "The 50 Prettiest Porn Stars of All Time" and fifth on their list of "The 10 Hottest Orange County Women." "Complex" also ranked her twentieth on their list of "The Top 100 Hottest Porn Stars (Right Now)" in 2011. She was also placed on CNBC's yearly list of "The Dirty Dozen: Porn's Most Popular Stars" in 2011 and 2012.


title: Jenna Haze

text: On February 7, 2012, Haze announced her retirement from performing via a homemade YouTube video, followed by a press release. She revealed that she had not shot a scene since April 2011, but she would possibly continue to direct and produce.


title: Jenna Haze

text: In 2009, Haze launched her own production company, Jennaration X Studios, headed by Haze and distributed through Jules Jordan Video. Haze is directing and performing in her production films.


title: Jenna Haze

text: Jennaration X's debut film, "Cum-Spoiled Sluts", (featuring scenes with Haze, Johnny Sins, Nikki Rhodes and James Deen) was released March 23, 2009, followed by "Anal Academics" which was released July 6, 2009.


title: Jenna Haze

text: In the 2007 mainstream comedy film, "Superbad", Haze made a short appearance in the role of Vagtastic Voyage Girl #2. Haze made a short appearance in the 2009 action/thriller film "" as a porn star on strike.


title: Jenna Haze

text: Published in 2007, Haze was among the adult stars featured in the erotic photography book "". The special edition of the book included a fine art photograph of Haze signed by the photographer Michael Grecco.


title: Jenna Haze

text: Shortly after retiring 2012, Haze appeared in the March edition of the men's magazine FHM in a layout with former "Gossip Girl" star Taylor Momsen, and shortly thereafter had a cameo in Momsen's band The Pretty Reckless' music video for the song "My Medicine". She then appeared onstage with the band at their March 13 Los Angeles House Of Blues performance and gave Momsen an impromptu lap dance.


title: Zapruder film

text: The Zapruder film is a silent 8mm color motion picture sequence shot by Abraham Zapruder with a Bell & Howell home-movie camera, as United States President John F. Kennedy's motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. It captured the assassination of the President.


title: Zapruder film

text: Although it is not the only film of the shooting, the Zapruder film has been described as being the most complete, giving a relatively clear view from a somewhat elevated position on the side from which the president's fatal head wound is visible. It was an important piece of evidence before the Warren Commission hearings, and all subsequent investigations of the assassination. It is one of the most studied pieces of film in history.


title: Zapruder film

text: In 1994, the footage was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".


title: Zapruder film

text: Abraham Zapruder stood on a concrete pedestal along Elm Street in Dealey Plaza holding a Model 414 PD Bell & Howell Zoomatic Director Series Camera. He filmed from the time the presidential limousine turned onto Elm Street for a total of 26.6 seconds, exposing 486 frames of standard 8 mm Kodachrome II safety film, running at an average of 18.3 frames/second.


title: Zapruder film

text: After Secret Service agent Forrest Sorrels promised Zapruder that the film would only be used for an official investigation, the two men sought to develop the footage as soon as possible. As television station WFAA's equipment was incompatible with the format, Eastman Kodak's Dallas film processing facility developed the film and Jamieson Film Company produced three copies. Zapruder gave two of the copies to Sorrels and they were sent to Washington. The original film was retained by Zapruder, in addition to one of the copies.


title: Zapruder film

text: On the morning of November 23, CBS lost the bidding for the footage to "Life" magazine's $150,000 offer ($ in 2022). CBS News correspondent Dan Rather was the first to report on the footage on national television after seeing it. The inaccuracies in his description contributed to many conspiracy theories about the assassination. In his 2001 book "Tell Me A Story", CBS producer Don Hewitt said that he told Rather to go to Zapruder's home to "sock him in the jaw", take the film, copy it, then return it and let the network's lawyers deal with the consequences. According to Hewitt, he realized his mistake after ending their telephone conversation and immediately called Rather back to countermand the order, disappointing the reporter. In a 2015 interview on "Opie with Jim Norton", Rather stated that the story was a myth.


title: Zapruder film

text: Frame 313 of the film captures the fatal shot to the President's head. After having a nightmare in which he saw a sign in Times Square, New York City, with the phrase "See the President's head explode!", Zapruder insisted that frame 313 be excluded from publication. The November 29, 1963 issue of "Life" published about 30 frames of the Zapruder film in black and white. Frames were also published in color in the December 6, 1963 special "John F. Kennedy Memorial Edition", and in issues dated October 2, 1964 (a special article on the film and the Warren Commission report), November 25, 1966, and November 24, 1967.


title: Zapruder film

text: Zapruder was one of at least 32 people in Dealey Plaza known to have made film or still photographs at or around the time of the shooting.


title: Zapruder film

text: The Zapruder film frames that were used by the Warren Commission were published in black and white as Commission Exhibit 885 in volume XVIII of the Hearings and Exhibits. Copies of the complete film are available on the Internet.


title: Zapruder film

text: One of the first-generation Secret Service copies was loaned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in Washington, D.C., which made a second-generation copy. After studies of that copy were made in January 1964, the Warren Commission judged the quality to be inadequate, and requested the original film. "Life" brought the original to Washington in February for the Commission's viewing, and also made color 35mm slide enlargements from the relevant frames of the original film for the FBI. From those slides, the FBI made a series of black-and-white prints, which were given to the commission for its use.


title: Zapruder film

text: In October 1964, the U.S. Government Printing Office released 26 volumes of testimony and evidence compiled by the Warren Commission. Volume 18 of the commission's hearings reproduced 158 frames from the Zapruder film in black and white. However, frames 208–211 were missing, a splice was visible in frames 207 and 212, frames 314 and 315 were switched around, and frame 284 was a repeat of 283. In response to an inquiry, then-FBI director J. Edgar Hoover wrote in 1965 that frames 314 and 315 had been swapped due to a printing error, and that that error did not exist in the original Warren Commission exhibits. In early 1967, "Life" released a statement saying that four frames of the original (frames 208–211) were accidentally destroyed, and the adjacent frames damaged, by a "Life" photo lab technician on November 23, 1963. "Life" released those missing frames from the first-generation copy it had received from the film's original version; the Zapruder frames outside the section used in the commission's exhibits, frames 155–157 and 341, were also damaged and were spliced out of the original rendition of the film, but are present in the first-generation copies.


title: Zapruder film

text: In 1966, assassination researcher Josiah Thompson, while working for "Life", was brought in to examine a first-generation copy of the film and a set of color 35mm slides made from the original. He tried negotiating with "Life" for the rights to print important individual frames in his book "Six Seconds in Dallas". "Life" refused to approve the use of any of the frames, even after Thompson offered to give all profits from the book sales to "Life." Following its publishing in 1967, Thompson's book featured some very detailed charcoal drawings of important individual frames, plus photo reproductions of the four missing ones. Time Inc. filed a lawsuit against Thompson and his publishing company for copyright infringement. A U.S. District Court ruled in 1968 that the Time Inc. copyright of the Zapruder film was not violated by invoking the doctrine of fair use. The court held that "there is a public interest in having the fullest information available on the murder of President Kennedy, saying that Thompson "did serious work on the subject and has a theory entitled to public consideration" and that "the copying by defendants was fair and reasonable."


title: Zapruder film

text: In 1967, "Life" hired New Jersey film lab Manhattan Effects to make a 16 mm film copy of the Zapruder film's original version. Pleased with the results, they asked for a 35 mm internegative to be made. Mo Weitzman made several internegatives in 1968, giving the best to "Life" and retaining the test copies. Weitzman set up his own optical house and motion-picture postproduction facility later that year. Hired in 1969, employee and assassination buff Robert Groden used one of Weitzman's copies and an optical printer to make versions of the Zapruder film with close-ups and minimize the shakiness of Zapruder's camera.


title: Zapruder film

text: Before the 1969 trial of Clay Shaw, a businessman from New Orleans, for conspiracy in connection with the assassination, a copy of the film made several generations from the original was subpoenaed from Time Inc. in 1967 by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison for use at Shaw's grand jury hearing. Garrison unsuccessfully subpoenaed the original film in 1968. The courtroom showings of Garrison's copy in 1969 were the first time it had been shown in public as a film. Garrison allowed copies of the film to be made and these low quality copies began circulating among assassination researchers and were known to many journalists as well.<ref name="IP/50 Objects"></ref> Zapruder's film was aired as part of a Los Angeles area television newscast on February 14, 1969.


title: Zapruder film

text: The first broadcast of the Zapruder film was on the late-night television show "Underground News" with Chuck Collins, originating on WSNS-TV, Ch 44, Chicago in 1970. It was given to director Howie Samuelsohn by Penn Jones and later aired in syndication to Philadelphia, Detroit, Kansas City, and St. Louis.


title: Zapruder film

text: On March 6, 1975, on the ABC late-night television show "Good Night America" (hosted by Geraldo Rivera), assassination researchers Robert Groden and Dick Gregory presented the first-ever US network television showing of the Zapruder film. The public's response and outrage to that television showing quickly led to the forming of the Hart-Schweiker investigation, which contributed to the Church Committee Investigation on Intelligence Activities by the United States, and resulted in the House Select Committee on Assassinations investigation.


title: Zapruder film

text: In April 1975, in settlement of a royalties suit between Time Inc. and Zapruder's heirs that arose from the ABC showing, Time Inc. sold the film's initial rendition and its copyright back to the Zapruder family for the token sum of $1. Time Inc. wanted to donate the film to the U.S. government. The Zapruder family originally refused to consent, but in 1978, the family transferred the film to the National Archives and Records Administration for appropriate preservation and safe-keeping, while still retaining ownership of the film and its copyright. Director Oliver Stone paid over $85,000 to the Zapruder family for use of the Zapruder film in his motion picture "JFK" (1991).


title: Zapruder film

text: On October 26, 1992, then-U.S. President George H. W. Bush signed into law the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act (the "JFK Act"), which sought to preserve for historical and governmental purposes all records related to President Kennedy's assassination. The Act also created the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection at the National Archives. The Zapruder film was automatically designated an "assassination record" and therefore became the official property of the United States government.


title: Zapruder film

text: On April 24, 1997, the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB), which the JFK Act created, announced a "Statement of Policy and Intent with Regard to the Zapruder Film". The ARRB re-affirmed that the Zapruder film was an "assassination record" within the JFK Act's meaning and directed it to be transferred on August 1, 1998 from its present-day location in NARA's film collection to the John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection maintained by NARA. As required by the US federal law for such a seizure under eminent domain, payment to Zapruder's heirs was attempted. Because the film is unique, its value was difficult to ascertain; eventually, following arbitration with the Zapruder heirs, the government purchased the film in 1999 for $16 million, though, at that time the family retained copyright to the film


title: Zapruder film

text: In December 1999, the Zapruder family donated the film's copyright to the Sixth Floor Museum, in the Texas School Book Depository building at Dealey Plaza, along with one of the first-generation copies made on November 22, 1963 and other copies of the film and frame enlargements once held by "Life" magazine, which had since been returned.


title: Zapruder film

text: The film's relevant history is covered in a 2003 David R. Wrone book entitled "The Zapruder Film: Reframing JFK's Assassination". Wrone is a history professor who tracks the chain of evidence for the film.


title: Zapruder film

text: Every frame of the Zapruder film has been put together into a panoramic movie. Each object that appears during the film has its starting position equal to where it appears first in its frames. The objects' positions are updated during visibility in the Zapruder frames, and they stay motionless once each object moves out of those frames.


title: Zapruder film

text: The Orville Nix film had the same technology applied to it. The Nix and Zapruder films were then combined into a direct simultaneous comparison movie.


title: Zapruder film

text: Between November 1963 and January 1964, the FBI examined a copy of the Zapruder film, noting that the camera recorded at an average of 18.3 frames per second. It is not clear from the film itself as to when the first and second shots occurred. It is apparent that by frame 225 the President is reacting to his throat wound. However, no wound or blood is seen on either President Kennedy or Governor Connally prior to frame 313.


title: Zapruder film

text: The view that the Zapruder film captured the shooting from beginning to end view was challenged by Max Holland, author of "The Kennedy Assassination Tapes", and professional photographer Johann Rush in a joint editorial piece published by "The New York Times" on November 22, 2007. Holland and Rush have pointed out that Zapruder temporarily stopped filming at around frame 132, when only police motorcycles were visible. When he continued filming, frame 133 already shows the presidential motorcade in view. Holland and Rush suggest that the pause could have had great significance for the interpretation of the assassination.


title: Zapruder film

text: One of the sources of controversy with the Warren Report is its difficulty in satisfactorily accounting for the sequencing of the assassination. A specific mystery concerns what happened to the one shot that missed (and how Lee Harvey Oswald came to miss at what was assumed to be close range). Holland and Rush argue that the break in the Zapruder film might conceal a first shot earlier than analysts have hitherto assumed, and point out that in this case a horizontal traffic mast would temporarily have obstructed Oswald's view of his target. In the authors' words, "The film, we realize, does not depict an assassination about to commence. It shows one that had already started."


title: Zapruder film

text: The evidence offered by Holland and Rush to support their theory was challenged in a series of 2007–08 articles by computer animator Dale K. Myers and assassination researcher Todd W. Vaughan, who defended the prevailing belief that Zapruder's film captured the entire shooting sequence.


title: Zapruder film

text: The authenticity of the image in frame 313 was challenged by Douglas Horne, Senior Analyst for the Assassination Records Review Board and Dino Brugioni of the CIA's National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC). Brugioni was considered the world's foremost imagery intelligence analyst until his death in 2015. Horne discovered the NPIC worked on two different versions of the Zapruder film on Saturday and Sunday nights immediately following the assassination, which had occurred on Friday. The work was done by separate teams that had been compartmentalized and ordered not to speak of their work, causing the teams not to know about each other, even though the personnel from the two teams normally worked together on a daily basis. When Horne showed his findings and evidence to Brugioni, the latter re-examined a copy of the extant Zapruder film, provided by Horne. Brugioni then stated the Zapruder film in the National Archives today, and available to the public, specifically frame 313, is an altered version of the film he saw and worked with on November 23–24, the earlier of the two versions handled by the NPIC. Brugioni recalled seeing a "white cloud" of brain matter, above Kennedy's head, and said that this "spray" lasted for more than one frame of the film. The version of the Zapruder film available to the public depicts the fatal head shot on only one frame of the film, frame 313. Additionally, Brugioni was certain that the set of briefing boards available to the public in the National Archives is not the set that he and his team produced on November 23–24, 1963. The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza denies that the Zapruder film has been altered, or that any of the frames are missing from the film. Kodak engineer Ronald Zavada ran experiments with the film Abraham Zapruder used and concluded that the film is authentic.


title: Zapruder film

text: In 1994, the Zapruder film footage was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and was selected for permanent preservation in the National Film Registry.


title: Zapruder film

text: Some critics have stated that the violence and shock of this home movie led to a new way of representing violence in 1970s American cinema, both in mainstream films, and particularly in indie and underground horror movies.


title: Zapruder film

text: The film has been featured in films and other media, such as the Oliver Stone film "JFK". A closeup from the portion of the film showing the fatal shot to Kennedy's head is also shown in the Clint Eastwood film "In the Line of Fire".


title: Zapruder film

text: In "Murder Most Foul", a musical meditation on Kennedy's assassination and its effect on American counterculture, Bob Dylan sings 'Zapruder's film I've seen that before / seen it 33 times maybe more'


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: Shaun the Sheep is a British stop-motion television series and a spin-off of the "Wallace and Gromit" franchise. The title character is Shaun (previously featured as the sheep named "Shaun" in the 1995 short film "A Close Shave" and the "Shopper 13" short film from the 2002 "Wallace and Gromit's Cracking Contraptions" series). The series focuses on his adventures on a northern English farm as the leader of his flock.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: The series first aired in the UK on the CBBC channel on 5 March 2007 and has been broadcast in 180 countries. It consists of 170 seven-minute episodes. The fifth series has 20 episodes and was first aired in the Netherlands from 1 December 2015 to 1 January 2016 and in Australia on ABC Kids from 16 January 2016 to 1 May 2016. In the United States, a series of "Shaun the Sheep" shorts aired between commercial breaks on Disney Channel starting on 8 July 2007.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: The series inspired the spin-off "Timmy Time", a show aimed at younger viewers that follows Shaun's small cousin. A feature-length film, "Shaun the Sheep Movie", was released theatrically on 6 February 2015. A 30-minute short film, "", was aired in 2015 as a Christmas TV special. A second feature-length film, "", was released theatrically on 18 October 2019. A second short film, "Shaun the Sheep: The Flight Before Christmas", was released on Netflix on 3 December 2021.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In 2020, the series moved to Netflix for a sixth series, with the subtitle "Adventures from Mossy Bottom", however, it returned to CBBC in 2022 to air the sixth season.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: Shaun, an unusually clever Shropshire sheep, lives with his flock at Mossy Bottom Farm (the name can be seen in nearly all of the opening scenes), a traditional small northern English farm. Each episode centres around Shaun's attempts to add excitement to their otherwise boring lives. The action snowballs into fantastic sitcom-style escapades, most often because they are fascinated with human technology and culture. This usually brings them into partnership — and sometimes conflict — with the sheepdog Bitzer, while they all are simultaneously trying to avoid discovery by the farmer.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: The show was produced by Aardman Animations and was commissioned by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), a constituent member of the consortium of German public-broadcasting institutions, ARD. It has aired on BBC channels in the UK since 2007.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: Each seven-minute episode is entirely shot in Aardman's distinctive stop-motion animation style. The comedic tone is a combination of slapstick and classic silent comedy, similar to that used in the "Wallace & Gromit" shorts. Unlike other shows made by Aardman Animations, the series was restricted in its ability to carry much-spoken dialogue, not even from the human characters, except for a few simple grunts, bleats, barks, growls, pointing, sighs, mutterings, and similar wordless inflections, which are used to indicate a character’s mood or motive. Thus, the series also never used any readable words in any episode, although "Bitzer" can be seen on a dog bowl, and—in series four--"Mossy Bottom Farm" on a gate, in the original English-language title sequence. All other signage, such as on a pizza box or a bus stop, is replaced by illegible scrawls and pictures.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: Shaun the Sheep's first appearance was in Wallace & Gromit's third short feature, the Academy Award-winning "A Close Shave." As the youngest member of a flock of sheep, Wallace and Gromit work to save Shaun from being turned into dog food. He was named Shaun as a pun on the word "shorn" after he was accidentally subjected to Wallace's automated sheep shearing machine. This early version of Shaun shows a hint of his characteristic human-like bravado—among other things, wearing a sweater knitted from his own shorn wool, proving to be a major help in saving the day.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: At the end of this short, Shaun is seen living with the duo; Shaun later made a brief cameo appearance in the "Shopper 13" episode of Wallace & Gromit's "Cracking Contraptions" web series. No official explanation has been given for the flock's transfer to the farm.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: Although the original series is silent aside from sound effects, a Hindi-dubbed version seen on Nickelodeon India was redone with scripts and dialogue.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In Albania, it airs on RTSH Fëmijë. In Arabic, this show is broadcast on MBC 3 and Jeem TV. The show's Armenian dub shares the same title, but airs on Shant TV. Azerbaijani language rename this title Quzu Şon, which airs on ARB Günəş. In the Basque language, it is called Shaun Ardixota, and airs on ETB 3. In the Bermese language, this show airs on Canal + Pu Tu Tue. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, this show is called Ovčica Šoni, and airs on BHT 1. In the Cantonese speaking parts of China, this show airs on TVBV Pearl. In Catala, it is called El Xai Shaun, and primarily airs on Super3. In Croatia, this show is called Janko Strižić, and aired on RTL Play, RTL Kokica, HRT 2, Netflix (which the series was moved to in the sixth series), HBO, HBO 2 and HBO GO. In Czech, it is called Ovečka Shaun, and airs on ČT1, ČT2 and Déčko. In the Danish speaking area, it is called F for Får, and airs on DR1 and DR Ramasjang. In Estonia, this show is called Lammas Shaun, and airs on Nickelodeon, Nick Jr., Ketnet and Zappelen. In Finland, this show is called Late Lammas (Late Lamb), and airs on Yle TV2. In France, it is called Shaun le Mouton, and airs on TF1, France 3, France 5, and Boomerang. The Galician languaged community renames this title O Cordero Shaun (not to be confused with Shaun el Cordero), and airs on tvG2. Germany renamed this title to Shaun das Schaf (which is one of the main titles of the show), and airs on KiKA, ORF and various WDR channels. In Greece, this show airs on Star Channel (not to be confused with the Latin American TV channel formerly called a Latin American version of Fox). In Hebrew, this show airs on Hop! and Kan Educational. In Hungary, this show is called Shaun, a bárány, and airs on Cartoon Network, M2, RTL+ and RTL 2. In Iceland, this show is called Hrúturinn Hreinn.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In Indonesia, it shares the same title as the English title, and the show's theme song ends in a different, child-friendly-like style, and airs on MNCTV, RTV. In Italy, this show is called Shaun, vita da pecora (also known as Shaun la Pecora), and airs on Rai YoYo, Rai Gulp and Rai 2, though the latter dub can currently be watched online on YouTube under the Fun Video channel. In Japan, the shows airs on NHK. In Korea, it airs on EBS. In the Kudish language, it is called Shaunê Kavir, and airs on Zavok TV. Shaune Kavir is spelt with the last letter of the titular character's name, and airs on Niga Kids. In Latvian, it is called Auniņa Šona piedzīvojumi and airs on TV3 and TV6. In the Mandarin language, it airs on CCTV-14. In the Norwegian language, it is dubbed as Sauen Shaun In the Persian language, it airs on IRIB Nahal. In Brazil, it is called Shaun, o Carniero, and airs on TV Cultura and Universal TV. In Portugal, this show is called Ovelha Choné, and aired on RTP2 and, later, Canal Panda. in Romania, this show is called Mielul Shaun and airs on Prima TV. In Russia, it is called Барашек Шон, and airs on 2X2. In Scotland, it is called Seonaidh, and airs on BBC Alba In Serbia, it is called Ovčica Šone, and airs on Prva TV. In the Sinhala language, it airs on Hiru TV. In the Slovak language, it is called Velesá Farma, and airs on RTVS1. In the Slovene language, it is called Basek Jon. In Latin America, it is called Shaun el Cordero, and airs on Pakapaka and Once TV. In Spain, the show is called La Oveja Shaun, and airs on Clan and Canal Panda. In Sweden, this show is named Fåret Shaun, and airs on SVT Barn. In Thailand, this show airs on ThaiPBS. In Turkey, this show is called Koyun Shaun, and airs on MinikaGO. In the Vietnamese language this show airs on Disney Channel before being pulled from the channel's schedule. In the Zaza language, this show is called Shauno Kavir, and airs on Zarok TV.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In Canada, the original Canadian iteration of BBC Kids aired the show in syndication with Knowledge Kids. As of January 1, 2019, it exclusively airs on Knowledge Kids.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: The first two series consisted of 40 seven-minute episodes each, and the third 20 episodes. The fourth series debuted on 3 February 2014. The fifth series aired on ABC Australia in January 2016. A series of 15 1-minute 3D shorts were released on Nintendo's Video service for the Nintendo 3DS between March and June 2012. The Nintendo shorts were released in early 2016 on the official "Shaun the Sheep" YouTube channel under the name "Mossy Bottom Farm Shorts". Another series of 21 1-minute sports-themed shorts, named "Championsheeps", aired on CBBC during the Summer of 2012.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: A half-hour television special based on the television series, titled "", premiered on BBC One on Boxing Day 2015.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: A second half-hour special titled "Shaun the Sheep: A Winter’s Tale" went into production in late 2020 and will air on Christmas 2021 on BBC One. On 23 August, it was revealed to debut on 3 December under the title "Shaun the Sheep: The Flight Before Christmas", which later aired on Christmas Eve on BBC One.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In Germany, Shaun the Sheep is a part of "Die Sendung mit der Maus", a famous children's television series of German Television. The creator of Die Sendung mit der Maus also is one of production companies of Shaun the Sheep.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: On 19 February 2020, it was reported that the sixth series of "Shaun the Sheep", subtitled Adventures from Mossy Bottom, was released on Netflix on 16 March 2020 in Spain, Poland, Turkey, and UAE. Additionally, it was released in the UK, US, Canada, Australia and Latin America on 17 March 2020.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: "Adventures from Mossy Bottom" features a new electronic version of the theme, a new intro episode sequence, and introduced new characters including a super-fast squirrel named Stash, a fancy neighbour Farmer Ben and his dog Lexi, and Rita the delivery lady.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: Reviews of the series were consistently positive. Harry Venning of "The Stage" found "characterisation charming and the animation superb. All this before even a mention of how funny and splendidly slapstick the script is." "The Guardian" noted that the series "hits the four-to-seven-year-old age group smack in the eye." Series producer Gareth Owen said the age range is "four-to-seven, though in reality, the age range is four-to-eighty-seven", as the series is popular among all different age-groups. Charles Arthur wrote "classic Aardman style that leaves me laughing out loud."


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In 2009, Aardman Studios released "Timmy Time", a CBeebies spin-off series aimed at preschoolers. It centres on Timmy's own adventures as he attends preschool for the first time and learns how to interact and play with a variety of young animal friends.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: Aardman developed a feature film "Shaun the Sheep Movie", written and directed by Richard Starzak and Mark Burton, which was financed by French company StudioCanal, and was released on 6 February 2015. The film received very positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 99% of critics have given the film a positive review. The film opened to $3.2 million in the UK and grossed $22 million in the UK and $106 million worldwide.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: On 16 June 2008, D3 Publisher of America, which had previously published a game based on Aardman's 2006 film "Flushed Away," announced that it would also release a video game based on Shaun's escapades. The "Shaun the Sheep" game was developed by Art Co., Ltd exclusively for Nintendo DS, and was released in autumn 2008.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: A second game for Nintendo DS, titled "Shaun the Sheep: Off His Head", was released on 23 October 2009, exclusively in Europe.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: The Shaun the Sheep website is also home to several Flash-based games, including "Home Sheep Home", which was also made available at the iOS App Store for iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad in April 2011. A sequel, "Home Sheep Home 2", was released in December 2011 for Windows PCs, iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. It was released on the Steam digital distribution platform for Windows PCs in February 2014.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In June 2016, an event course called "Shaun's Mossy Mole Mischief", was released on "Super Mario Maker", along with Shaun's costume.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: A movie adaptation of Home Sheep Home entitled "Home Sheep Home: Farmageddon Party Edition" was announced for release in October 2019 for Nintendo Switch. Shaun, Shirley, and Timmy find their way back to the green grass of home. all hosted by Shaun's new alien pal Lu-La. The platform puzzle game will contain all the much-loved gameplay from previous Home Sheep Home games.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: On 9 March 2011, Shaun the Sheep made its live theatre debut in "Shaun's Big Show". The 100-minute (1 hour and 40 minute) long musical/dance show features all the regular characters, including Bitzer, Shirley, and Timmy.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: On 26 September 2013, the International Rugby Board and Aardman Animations announced that Shaun and other characters from the franchise would be used in a merchandising programme to promote the 2015 Rugby World Cup to children.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In 2015, Shaun the Sheep appeared as the face of the "Holidays at Home are Great" initiative. In the advert, seeing the Farmer going away, Shaun and the flock decide to have their own holiday around the UK before the Farmer gets back.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In August 2022, The European Space Agency announced that Shaun would fly aboard the Artemis 1 mission which launched on 16 November 2022.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In 2015, Shaun the Sheep starred in two public charity art trails to raise money for sick children in hospitals across the UK. Organised by Wallace & Gromit's Children's Foundation in collaboration with Aardman, Shaun in the City saw 50 giant artists and celebrity-decorated sculptures of Shaun appear in London in the spring before a further 70 appeared in Bristol throughout the summer. All 120 sculptures were auctioned in October 2015, raising £1,087,900 for Wallace & Gromit's Grand Appeal and Wallace & Gromit's Children's Charity.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: A Shaun the Sheep ride area, titled "Fåret Shaun Land" was opened at Skånes Djurpark in Sweden in early Summer 2016.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In 2015, a family attraction based on Shaun the Sheep, called "The Shaun the Sheep Experience" opened at Lands End, rebranded "Lamb's End" for the duration of the attraction. It features original sets, models, and characters from many Aardman productions. Using green screen technology, guests are able to "star" in a scene from the show, as well as meet other characters from the Aardman filmography including Wallace and Gromit and Morph.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: In 2021, Aardman announced the launch of a 30-minute immersive game experience to be located at Electric Gamebox venues in London, Manchester Arndale and Lakeside, Essex.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: DVDs released from 2007 until 2011 were released by 2Entertain. DVDs from 2014 onwards are released by StudioCanal.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: DVDs of the series in the United States were released by HIT Entertainment and distributed by Lionsgate Home Entertainment. The last release in the United States, was released by Lionsgate on their own.


title: Shaun the Sheep

text: Home Media releases are distributed by Panorama Corporation in Hong Kong, and Walt Disney Studios Japan in Japan, with earlier releases under the latter's Ghibli Museum Library imprint.


title: Long John Silver

text: Long John Silver is a cunning and opportunistic pirate who was quartermaster under the notorious Captain Flint. Stevenson's portrayal of Silver has greatly influenced the modern iconography of the pirate.


title: Long John Silver

text: Long John Silver has a parrot, named Captain Flint in honor—or mockery—of his former captain, who generally perches on Silver's shoulder, and is known to chatter pirate or seafaring phrases like "Pieces of Eight", and "Stand by to go about." Silver uses the parrot as another means of gaining Jim's trust, by telling the boy all manner of exciting stories about the parrot's buccaneer history. 'Now that bird,' Silver would say, 'is, maybe, two hundred years old, Hawkins—they lives forever mostly, and if anybody's seen more wickedness it must be the devil himself. She's sailed with England—the great pirate Cap'n England. She's been at Madagascar, and at Malabar, and Surinam, and Providence, and Portobello... She was at the boarding of the "Viceroy of the Indies" out of Goa, she was, and to look at her you would think she was a baby."


title: Long John Silver

text: Silver claims to have served in the Royal Navy and lost his leg under "the immortal Hawke". "His left leg was cut off close by the hip, and under the left shoulder, he carried a crutch, which he managed with wonderful dexterity, hopping about upon it like a bird. He was very tall and strong, with a face as big as a ham—plain and pale, but intelligent and smiling."


title: Long John Silver

text: He also claims to have been the only man whom Flint ever feared. Like many of Stevenson's characters, there is significant duality in the character; ostensibly Silver is a hardworking and likeable seaman, and it is only as the plot unfolds that his villainous nature is gradually revealed. His relationship with Jim Hawkins, the novel's protagonist and narrator, belies that duality, as he serves as a mentor and eventually father-figure to Jim, creating much shock and emotion when it is discovered that he is in charge of the mutiny, and especially when Jim must confront and fight him later on.


title: Long John Silver

text: Although treacherous and willing to change sides at any time to further his own interests, Silver has compensating virtues. He is wise enough to save his money, in contrast to the spendthrift ways of most of the pirates. He is physically courageous despite his disability: for instance, when Flint's cache is found to be empty, he coolly stands his ground against five murderous seamen despite having only Jim, a boy in his teens, to back him.


title: Long John Silver

text: When Silver escapes at the end of the novel, he takes "three or four hundred guineas" of the treasure with him, thus becoming one of only two former members of Captain Flint's crew to get his hands on a portion of the recovered treasure. (The repentant maroonee Ben Gunn is the other, but he spends all £1,000 in nineteen days.) Jim's own ambivalence towards Silver is reflected in the last chapter, when he speculates that the old pirate must have settled down in comfortable retirement: "It is to be hoped so, I suppose, for his chances of comfort in another world are very small."