title: Beretta

text: Beretta acquired several domestic competitors (notably Benelli and Franchi) and some foreign companies (notably in Finland) in the late 1980s.


title: Beretta

text: Today, Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta (Beretta S.p.A.) is run by Franco Gussalli Beretta, President and CEO.


title: Beretta

text: The traditional father-to-son Beretta dynasty was interrupted when Ugo Gussalli Beretta assumed the firm's control; uncles Carlo and Giuseppe Beretta were childless; Ugo married into the Beretta family and adopted the last name Beretta. His sons are now direct descendants through their mother's side of the family.


title: Beretta

text: Beretta is known for its broad range of firearms: side-by-side shotguns, over-and-under shotguns, semi-automatic shotguns, hunting rifles, express rifles, assault rifles, submachine guns, lever- and bolt-action rifles, single- and double-action revolvers and semi-automatic pistols. The parent company, Beretta Holding, also owns Beretta USA, Benelli, Franchi, SAKO, Stoeger, Tikka, Uberti, and the Burris Optics company.


title: Beretta

text: The model Beretta 92FS was the primary side arm of the United States Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force, designated the M9 pistol. In 1985, Beretta was chosen after a controversial competition to produce the M9, winning a contract for 500,000 pistols. A condition of the original agreement was domestic manufacturer of the M9. In 2019, the 9mm version of the SIG Sauer P320 was selected to replace the M9 throughout the US Armed Forces.


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Arshad Warsi (born 19 April 1968) is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films. He is the recipient of several awards including a Filmfare Award from five nominations and is noted for acting in varied film genres.


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Before making his acting debut, also served as an assistant director to Mahesh Bhatt in "Kaash" (1987) and also choreographed a song in "Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja" (1993). Warsi made his acting debut in 1996 with "Tere Mere Sapne", which was a box office success. His portrayal of Circuit in the comedy film "Munna Bhai M.B.B.S." (2003), and its sequel "Lage Raho Munna Bhai" (2006) for which he won the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role marked a turning point in his career. He featured in several commercially successful comedy films including "Hogi Pyaar Ki Jeet" (1999), "Hulchul" (2004), "Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?" (2005), "Salaam Namaste" (2005), "" (2006), "Dhamaal" (2007), "Krazzy 4" (2008), "Golmaal Returns" (2008), "Ishqiya" (2010), "Golmaal 3" (2010), "F.A.L.T.U" (2011), "Double Dhamaal" (2011), "Jolly LLB" (2013), "Golmaal Again" (2017) and "Total Dhamaal" (2019), and received critical recognition for his work in films including "Sehar" (2005), "Kabul Express" (2006), "Dedh Ishqiya" (2014) and "Guddu Rangeela" (2015). He is widely regarded by many as one of the most underrated actors in the Hindi film industry.


title: Arshad Warsi

text: In addition to acting in films, Warsi has hosted the dance show "Razzmatazz" in 2001, "Sabse Favourite Kaun" in 2004 and the first season of the reality television show "Bigg Boss" for which he was awarded the Indian Television Academy Award for Best Anchor – Game/Quiz Show. He starred opposite Karisma Kapoor in the TV serial "Karishma – The Miracles of Destiny" (2003) and featured as a judge for "Zara Nachke Dikha" in 2010. Warsi is married to Maria Goretti since 1999 with whom he has two children.


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Warsi was born into a Muslim family in Mumbai. His father, Ahmed Ali Khan (Ashiq Hussain), had worked as a musician in Hindi films and adopted the name Warsi after he became a follower of the Sufi saint Waris Ali Shah. Arshad is the half-brother of singer Anwar Hussain and actress Asha Sachdev from his father's first marriage to actress Ranjana Sachdev. He did his schooling at a boarding school, Barnes School, in Deolali, Nashik district, Maharashtra. He was orphaned at the age of 14 and struggled for a living in Bombay during his early days. He left school after 10th standard.


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Financial circumstances forced Warsi to start work as a door-to-door cosmetics salesman at age 17. Later he worked in a photo-lab. Meanwhile, he developed a keen interest in dancing and received an offer to join Akbar Sami's Dance group in Mumbai, which started his dancing and choreographing in "Thikana" (1987) and "Kaash" (1987).


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Then in 1991, he won the Indian dance competition, followed by the fourth prize in the Modern Jazz category in the 1992 World Dance championship, London, at the age of 21. Soon, he started his own dance studio, "Awesome" with that money and also formed a dance troupe. It was here that his future wife, Maria Goretti, a St. Andrew's College student, joined him before she became a VJ. He was also associated with English theatre group in Mumbai, choreographing shows for Bharat Dabholkar and got an opportunity to choreograph the title track for the film "Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja" (1993). During this time he was offered a role by Jaya Bachchan for "Tere Mere Sapne".


title: Arshad Warsi

text: He got his first offer to act in Amitabh Bachchan's production company, Amitabh Bachchan Corporation's first production "Tere Mere Sapne" in 1996. Before that he had made a small appearance as a dancer in a song in "Aag Se Khelenge". He followed this by roles in films such as "Betaabi" (1997), "Mere Do Anmol Ratan" and "Hero Hindustani" (both 1998). His performance in P Vasu's "Hogi Pyaar Ki Jeet" (1999) was praised by Rediff.com's Suparn Verma. Warsi's next release was Madhur Bhandarkar's directorial debut "Trishakti" (1999). Completed in 3 years, the film performed poorly at the box office. His only film appearances of 2001 were in "Ghaath", followed by "Mujhe Meri Biwi Se Bachaao" (2001) and "" (2002). Most of these failed to do well at the box office. In Shashanka Ghosh's "Waisa Bhi Hota Hai Part II", he played a common man who saves the life of a goon who is fatally shot. Ronjita Kulkarni wrote that he gave a "winning performance".


title: Arshad Warsi

text: In 2003, he rose to fame when he starred as Circuit to Munna Bhai (Sanjay Dutt) in Rajkumar Hirani's comedy "Munna Bhai M.B.B.S." which turned out to be a huge box office success and gained him much critical acclaim and a nomination at the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. He won the Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role for the same. Warsi said in an interview that had the film not worked, his career would have finished. His only release in 2004 was the comedy "Hulchul" which earned him the GIFA Best Comedian Award and nominations for the Screen Award for Best Actor, Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role and IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role. Warsi played an airport manager opposite Mahima Chaudhry in Samar Khan's "Kuchh Meetha Ho Jaye" (2005). His performance in "Sehar" was positively received by critics and Sanhita Paradkar of Rediff.com wrote that: "finally [he is] in a much-deserved lead role". In the same year he appeared as a supporting actor in the romantic comedies "Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?" and "Salaam Namaste". For the latter, he was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. He played a computer hacker in the Vivek Agnihotri-directed suspense thriller film "Chocolate". Indrani Roy Mitra of Rediff.com said that Warsi gave a "commendable [performance]" in "Vaah! Life Ho Toh Aisi!" (2005).


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Warsi collaborated with Rohit Shetty for "" (2006), which was the first installment of the Golmaal series. His next release was the comic thriller "Anthony Kaun Hai?", directed by Raj Kaushal. The film drew from many Hollywood and Bollywood films and Warsi won praise from critics for his role of a conman. Raj Lalwani opined that the film "belongs to [him]" and that he was "one of the most underrated actors around". He once again teamed up with Rajkumar Hirani and Sanjay Dutt for "Lage Raho Munna Bhai" (2006), which won him his first Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role, IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor, Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role and Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor. His portrayal of a cameraman kidnapped by the Taliban in the counter-terrorism drama "Kabul Express" (2006), from Kabir Khan, won appreciation. H S Bunty wrote that Warsi "steals the show". Warsi appeared in the box office success comedy "Dhamaal" (2007). He played the role of a Pakistani footballer living in London in the sports drama "Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal" (2007). In director Jaideep Sen's comedy "Krazzy 4", Warsi a person suffering from intermittent explosive disorder. The film failed to generate favourable reviews. Ameeta Gupta praised Warsi's performance in Deepak Shivdasani's comedy "Mr. Black Mr. White" (2008). He reteamed with Rohit Shetty for the comedy "Golmaal Returns" (2008). His first release of 2009 was "Kisse Pyaar Karoon", followed by "Ek Se Bure Do". He played lead role in Neeraj Vora-directed comedy "Shortkut", a remake of the Malayalam film "Udayananu Tharam" (2005).


title: Arshad Warsi

text: In 2010, Warsi won the Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor and the IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor for the black-comedy "Ishqiya". He appeared alongside Naseeruddin Shah and Vidya Balan. He produced and acted in "Hum Tum Aur Ghost". The film received negative reviews and performed poorly financially. He once again collaborated with Rohit Shetty for the comedy "Golmaal 3". It was a commercial success. Raja Sen opined that "Warsi [was] killing all the streetside-cred he's built up with bhai-sidekick roles by overdoing it." His 2011 releases include the comedies "F.A.L.T.U" and "Double Dhamaal", which were both above-average grossers. The former was directed by Remo D'Souza and was inspired by the 2006 American comedy film "Accepted", directed by Steve Pink. Preeti Arora called the latter a "huge disappointment".


title: Arshad Warsi

text: His only film role in 2012 was in a guest appearance in "Ajab Gazabb Love". CNN-IBN wrote that Warsi was "good and effective". His first release of 2013 was the action-thriller "Zila Ghaziabad" in which he played the role of a gangster. Charu Thakur criticised the film but praised Warsi's performance. He played a lawyer in the Subhash Kapoor-directed "Jolly LLB", his first solo hit. Raja Sen wrote that he was "earnest to a fault". He was awarded the BIG Star Entertainment Award for Most Entertaining Actor in a Comedy Film (Male) and the IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role and Apsara Film Producers Guild Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role for his performance in the comedy drama. The film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi. Warsi played an important role in the Amrit Sagar Chopra-directed sex comedy "Rabba Main Kya Karoon" (2013). He starred as the titular detective in Samir Tewari's comedy "Mr Joe B. Carvalho" opposite Soha Ali Khan. Panned by critics, the film failed to perform well at the box office. He starred in Abhishek Chaubey's "Dedh Ishqiya" (2014). He suffered a head injury while shooting an action scene for Manish Jha's comedy film "The Legend of Michael Mishra". Ashish R Mohan's comedy "Welcome to Karachi" (2015) featured Warsi alongside Jackky Bhagnani and Lauren Gottlieb. Rohit Vats and Shubha Shetty-Saha lauded Warsi's acting and comic timing. Warsi's next superhit was "Golmaal Again" in 2017, in which he reprised the role of Madhav from previous "Golmaal" films, starring alongside Ajay Devgn, Tabu, Parineeti Chopra, Shreyas Talpade, Kunal Khemu and Tusshar Kapoor. It went on to become one of the year's highest grossers and was a blockbuster at the box office. After "Golmaal Again", he went on to star in "Bhaiyyaji Superhitt", "Fraud Saiyaan", "Total Dhamaal", "Pagalpanti" while film "Zamaanat", a courtroom drama directed by S Ramanathan, is still unreleased. Arshad Warsi's latest release was in March 2022, the Akshay Kumar and Kriti Sanon starrer 'Bachchan Pandey'.


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Warsi was the co-host of the dance show "Razzmatazz" (2001) on Zee TV. He starred opposite Karisma Kapoor in the TV serial "Karishma – The Miracles of Destiny" from 2003 to 2004. It aired on Sahara One. He hosted a popular award show "Sabse Favourite Kaun" (2004) for STAR Gold. He was the host of "Bigg Boss 1" (2006), the Indian version of the reality television series "Big Brother" which was aired on Sony Entertainment. Warsi won the Indian Television Academy Award for Best Anchor—Game/Quiz Show for this. He has also done a small cameo on Disney Channel's television show "" (2010).


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Arshad Warsi married Maria Goretti on 14 February 1999. They have two kids, son named Zeke Warsi, born on 10 August 2004 and daughter Zene Zoe Warsi, born on 2 May 2007. Both Maria and Zeke made a special appearance in "Salaam Namaste". During his school days, Warsi was a national level gymnast.


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Naseeruddin Shah said that: "He is easily the best all-round actor in this generation", while Vidya Balan said of Warsi: "He reminds me of the great European actors who can fit into any role. But he is completely under-utilised". In his book "Hero Vol.2", Ashok Raj has called him "one of the most talented actors among today's breed". Despite being a well known actor, Warsi does not prefer giving auditions. Bhawana Somaaya has called him "one of the best three dancers of the Hindi film industry". Director Samir Tewari called him "the most underrated and un-utilised actor." Boman Irani also feels the same and called him a "natural and unique performer".


title: Arshad Warsi

text: He considers himself a better serious actor than a comic one. He's also an avid biker and was part of a bikers' gang in school.


title: Arshad Warsi

text: Warsi won the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role in 2007. He has been awarded the Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role twice (in 2004 and 2007).


title: Norsemen (TV series)

text: Norsemen is a Norwegian comedy television series about a group of Vikings living in the village of Norheim around the year 790. It originally premiered in Norway under the name Vikingane ("The Vikings") on NRK1 in October 2016. It is produced for NRK by Viafilm. The series is written and directed by Jon Iver Helgaker and Jonas Torgersen.


title: Norsemen (TV series)

text: The series is filmed in the village of Avaldsnes in Karmøy municipality, Rogaland, Norway, and it was recorded simultaneously in both Norwegian and English-language versions by filming each scene twice.


title: Norsemen (TV series)

text: In September 2020, it was announced that the show had been canceled and would not return for a fourth season.


title: Norsemen (TV series)

text: "Norsemen" takes place in 790s Norway, with various characters taking leading roles as the series develops. The story covers the life of Vikings in the village of Norheim, with day-to-day happenings and strife of varying comedic degrees. As the series progresses, disputes with neighboring villages, including a rival tribe led by the ruthless Jarl Varg, and the efforts of a Roman slave, Rufus, to modernize Norheim's culture, result in ongoing conflicts.


title: Norsemen (TV series)

text: The first season averaged more than one million viewers in Norway, a country with a population of a little over five million.


title: Norsemen (TV series)

text: "The New York Times" called "Norsemen" one of the 10 best international TV series in 2017, and one of the best international TV shows of the decade. "The Guardian" ranked "Norsemen" the 29th best TV show of 2017.


title: Norsemen (TV series)

text: Norwegian writer Marie Kleve praised the parody violence and how it reflects stories from our time while the characters are living in the Viking era.


title: Norsemen (TV series)

text: "The Guardian" gave the show a glowing review, and described it as "Monty Python meets "Game of Thrones"."


title: Norsemen (TV series)

text: The first season of "Norsemen" won the Gullruten award in 2017 for Best Comedy Show, and it was also nominated for Best Sound Production (Peter Clausen and Erling Rein). The second season was also nominated, and season 3 won the Gullruten award in 2020 for Best Comedy Show, while Bjørn Myrene was nominated for Best Supporting Actor.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: Anthony Jeselnik ( ; born ) is an American comedian, writer, actor, and producer. He is known for his dark comedy style, which emphasizes ironic misdirection, non sequiturs, biting insults, an arrogant demeanor, and a stage persona that frequently takes amoral or psychopathic stances.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: Jeselnik was a writer for "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" in its first season and hosted a "Comedy Central Presents" in 2009. After releasing his critically acclaimed debut album "Shakespeare" in 2010, he began writing for the Comedy Central Roasts and moved up to performer in the 2011 roast of Donald Trump. He continued to perform on the roasts of Charlie Sheen and Roseanne Barr in 2012. In 2013, he hosted his own Comedy Central series for two seasons, "The Jeselnik Offensive", and released his second album, "Caligula", which doubles as an hour-long stand-up special.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: On July 22, 2015, Jeselnik replaced J. B. Smoove as the new host of NBC's Emmy Award-nominated series "Last Comic Standing". His second stand-up special, "", premiered in October 2015 on Netflix.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: Jeselnik starred in the first season of the NFL Media podcast "The Rosenthal & Jeselnik Vanity Project" (or "RJVP") along with best friend Gregg Rosenthal. The second season debuted in 2018 on the Comedy Central Podcast Network under the slightly different name of "The Jeselnik & Rosenthal Vanity Project" (or "JRVP").


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: Anthony Jeselnik grew up in Upper St. Clair, Pennsylvania. He was interested in making others laugh from an early age. In elementary school, he would often interrupt the class to tell a joke. On one occasion, a classmate was moving to a different town that was not generally regarded well, and Jeselnik cracked a sarcastic comment: "Oh, well, send us a postcard." When the teacher laughed at his joke, he realized that "if you're smart enough that adults get it, you can get away with anything." He would often stay up attempting to watch "Saturday Night Live" and, as he grew older, "The Ben Stiller Show" and "Mr. Show". He graduated from Upper St. Clair High School in 1997. Jeselnik earned a bachelor's degree in English literature with a business minor from Tulane University in 2001. During his senior year at Tulane, his girlfriend accidentally burned down his apartment, which he would later use as early stand-up material. He was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity while at Tulane University. His original dream was to write the great American novel, but an internship in Los Angeles between his junior and senior years of college convinced him there were other avenues for a writer.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: In his early twenties, Jeselnik moved to Los Angeles and was working at a Borders when he first tried stand-up. He found a book by writer and comedian Greg Dean that promoted Dean's Santa Monica comedy workshops. In his first attempt at a joke, Jeselnik did an impression of his father being stung by wasps. By the end of the skit—which lasted only one minute, but Jeselnik claimed "felt like 10"—no one had laughed, leading Jeselnik to swear off physical comedy forever. After being fired by Borders, he worked behind the scenes as an accounting clerk for the TV series "Deadwood", during which time he would perform at open-mic nights. Inspired in part by Mitch Hedberg, Dennis Miller, Sarah Silverman, and Steven Wright, it was two years into his stand-up comedy career when Jeselnik had a "lightbulb moment." After writing a bizarre joke with a dark twist to it, the audience response encouraged Jeselnik to focus more in that area. The joke, titled "My Girlfriend Loves to Eat Chocolate," was later featured on "Shakespeare". The place where Jeselnik found his "home" was the Comedy Cellar, where he said that they let him take earlier sets so he could go home early and go to sleep for work the next morning. The Cellar comedians, known for busting the chops of other comedians, were influential to Jeselnik, and he said that the best at it were Jim Norton, Colin Quinn, Bobby Kelly, and Keith Robinson.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: Jeselnik's "Comedy Central Presents" stand-up special premiered in 2009, and he was named one of Comedy Central's breakout comedians of the year alongside Nick Kroll, Aziz Ansari, Whitney Cummings, Donald Glover, Matt Braunger, T. J. Miller, Kumail Nanjiani, and Jon Lajoie. In 2009, Jeselnik was hired as a writer for "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon". His dream job, predating stand-up or his first comedy class, was to sit around a table and "throw out jokes with people you respected." After getting the job, Jeselnik's pitches would be continually shot down as they were too dark. For example, he routinely fought for a single joke regarding obesity each day for a month, and although Fallon liked the joke, he felt uncomfortable performing it as it would likely jeopardize his likability with the obese. During this period, he was a regular at the Comedy Cellar in Greenwich Village, New York City. Jeselnik would work hard each day for the show and then proceed to go to Comedy Cellar, have a "big stiff drink," and do his act, feeling "miserable." In March 2010, he approached the show's producers and told them he wanted to leave. "We understand—you want to go be Anthony Jeselnik," they said.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: He recorded his debut album, "Shakespeare", and in 2010 began writing for the Comedy Central Roasts. Jeselnik, who refers to roasts as "the Super Bowl of comedy," loved roasts during college and always tried to write for them. While Jeselnik was writing for the David Hasselhoff roast, Comedy Central executives took an interest in him and offered him an opportunity to perform on the next roast. Knowing that this would be his "big moment," Jeselnik refers to the Roast of Donald Trump as "one of my favorite moments of my life […] because no one knew who I was and it just really caught everybody by surprise. And the next day, my life was completely different." While Jeselnik had previously been headlining clubs, the audience often was unfamiliar with his brand of comedy; after the Trump roast, the crowds got bigger and Jeselnik felt more comfortable. Immediately following his performance, the network offered Jeselnik a "three-point deal" in which one receives an hour special, three Comedy Central roasts, and a development deal. Jeselnik went on to perform at two more roasts, the Comedy Central Roasts of Charlie Sheen in 2011 and Roseanne Barr in 2012.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: In 2013, Jeselnik hosted his own Comedy Central series, "The Jeselnik Offensive". In preparing the show, Comedy Central was looking for a half-hour, a four-nights-a-week show following "The Colbert Report" titled "Midnight". Jeselnik's main draw was the monologue, where he felt he could tell jokes that he was unable to do on "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon". For the pilot, Jeselnik did a test interview with a celebrity but felt "so wrong […] it just fit me like a bad suit." For the show's first episode, Jeselnik performs cancer-related stand-up for a cancer support group. "I had to fight with Comedy Central to put that on the first episode," said Jeselnik. The network felt uneasy using the sketch as an introduction. Jeselnik pointed to the premiere episode of "Chappelle's Show", in which Dave Chappelle plays a blind African-American Klansman, which he regarded as "one of the edgiest things they ever did." As such, the sketch opened the first episode and received a positive reception; Jay Leno called to inform Jeselnik "how much he loved the cancer segment." "The Jeselnik Offensive" ran for two seasons on Comedy Central from February 19, 2013, to August 27, 2013.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: October 2015 saw the debut of "The Rosenthal & Jeselnik Vanity Project" (RJVP), a podcast available on NFL.com hosted by Jeselnik and fellow Tulane graduate, NFL Network's Gregg Rosenthal.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: In 2015 Jeselnik released his critically acclaimed third stand up special, and first for Netflix, "Thoughts and Prayers". The hourlong special offers Jeselnik's trademark dark humor for the first forty minutes and personal anecdotes for the last twenty. He discusses his grandmother's funeral, the Boston Marathon bombing, the cancelation of "The Jeselnik Offensive", and the death threats he receives.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: In September 2018 Jeselnik returned to Comedy Central, signing a multi-platform development deal which includes new episodes of a weekly podcast, "The Jeselnik & Rosenthal Vanity Project" (JRVP), where Jeselnik is joined by his friend and NFL Network analyst Gregg Rosenthal, and by producer and NFL Network director Erica Tamposi.


title: Anthony Jeselnik

text: Jeselnik's latest stand-up special, "Fire in the Maternity Ward", was released by Netflix on April 30, 2019.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: Rage Against the Machine is the debut studio album by American rock band Rage Against the Machine. It was released on November 3, 1992 by Epic Records. The band released their first commercial demo tape of the same name 11 months prior to the album's release. The tape contained earlier recordings of 7 of the 10 songs found on this album.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: With politically themed, revolutionary lyrical content, the album artwork was notable for featuring a graphic photograph of Thích Quảng Đức performing self-immolation. Coincidentally, the release date for "Rage Against the Machine" was on November 3, 1992, the same day as the 1992 United States presidential election.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: "Rage Against the Machine" was a critical success upon release with several critics noting the album's politically motivated agenda and praising Zack de la Rocha's strong vocal delivery. Rated number 24 on "Rolling Stone"s list of "100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time", the album peaked at number 1 on the US "Billboard" Heatseekers chart and number 45 on the US "Billboard" 200 and has gone on to achieve triple platinum sales certification in the US. Multiple publications consider it one of the best albums of the 1990s.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: The cover features a crop of Malcolm Browne' famous photograph of the self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức, a Vietnamese Buddhist monk, in Saigon in 1963. The monk was protesting President Ngô Đình Diệm's administration for oppressing the Buddhist religion. The photograph drew international attention and persuaded U.S. President John F. Kennedy to withdraw support for Diệm's government. In 1963, Associated Press correspondent Browne's coverage of the event earned the World Press Photo of the Year award.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: The songs on "Rage Against the Machine" all feature political messages. Activists such as Provisional IRA hunger striker Bobby Sands and Black Panther Party founder Huey P. Newton are listed in the "Thanks For Inspiration" section. Also thanked were Ian and Alec MacKaye.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: The lyrics for each song were printed in the album booklet with the exception of those for "Killing in the Name", which were omitted; the booklet reads "2. KILLING IN THE NAME", skips the lyrics and continues with the next song.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: The statement "no samples, keyboards or synthesizers used in the making of this record" can be found at the end of the sleeve notes. Similar statements were made in the band's subsequent albums. The band also refer to themselves as "Guilty Parties" for each album.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: The album was supported by the Rage Against the Machine Tour, which commenced on January 15, 1993 in Chicago, Illinois, and concluded on December 31, 1993 in Detroit, Michigan. Rage Against The Machine was accompanied by opening acts in certain concerts, such as hip hop groups House of Pain and Cypress Hill.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: "Rage Against the Machine" received critical acclaim. In a contemporary review, "NME" wrote that "what makes RATM more than just another bunch of prodigiously capable genre-benders is their total lack of pretension or contrivance ... the results burn with an undeniable conviction." "Q" magazine deemed it "a record of real attitude and energy", while "Los Angeles Times" critic Robert Hilburn hailed it as "a striking, politically conscious debut" and de la Rocha "a bona fide star who combines on stage a Bob Marley-like charisma and a Chuck D.-style rap command -- and the music itself is as tough and relentless as his raps."


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: Robert Christgau was somewhat less impressed in "The Village Voice", summing it up as "metal for rap-lovers—and opera-haters" while naming "Know Your Enemy" and "Wake Up" as highlights. AllMusic reviewer Eduardo Rivadavia wrote in a retrospective review, "it was the first album to successfully merge the seemingly disparate sounds of rap and heavy metal", he also praised the album's "meaningful rhymes and emotionally charged conviction" calling it "essential".


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: In 2001, "Q" named "Rage Against the Machine" as one of the 50 Heaviest Albums of All Time. The album is included in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". In 2003, the album was ranked number 368 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, climbing to number 365 in the 2012 revision and shooting up to number 221 in the 2020 reboot of the list. It was ranked number 24 on the magazine's list of "100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time".


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: In December 2008, BBC Radio 1 DJ Zane Lowe included "Rage Against the Machine" as one of 28 albums in his 'Masterpieces' series. In October 2011, "Rage Against the Machine" was ranked number five on "Guitar World" magazine's top ten list of guitar albums of 1992.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: The band announced on October 9, 2012, via their Facebook page that they would be releasing a special 20th anniversary box set to commemorate the group's debut album. The box set contains never-before-released concert material, including the band's 2010 "Live at Finsbury Park" show and footage from early in their career, as well as a digitally remastered version of the album, B-sides and the original demo tape (on disc for the first time). The collection was released on November 27, 2012.


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: Bonus Maxi 12" from the "Limited Tour Edition" red vinyl 1993 European re-release included this second LP labeled sides C and D"


title: Rage Against the Machine (album)

text: All songs from both bonuses are the versions from previously released singles and promos, except C1 which is from a different performance. No information is given on the 12" about the date nor venue.


title: Future Diary

text: The manga has been licensed by Tokyopop, and ten of the English volumes were released, with a release for the last two now uncertain due to Tokyopop ceasing publishing in North America. A "pilot anime" DVD was released with the 11th manga volume in December 2010. A 26-episode anime television series produced by Asread, aired in Japan between October 2011 and April 2012. Crunchyroll has licensed the anime for distribution in North America. An 11-episode live-action television drama aired between April and June 2012.


title: Future Diary

text: Esuno has also authored three side-story manga, each one spanning five chapters: first "Future Diary: Mosaic" which focuses on another Diary Holder, Minene Uryu, and tells unrevealed plot points of the main story; in 2009–2010, "Future Diary: Paradox" (published in "Young Ace"), which tells the exploits of Aru Akise and Muru Muru set in an alternate timeline, and in 2013, "Future Diary: Redial", which serves as an epilogue to the series.


title: Future Diary

text: Yukiteru Amano () is a 14-year-old, shy and daydreaming loner who observes life and jots down the events on his cell phone. His only friends are Deus Ex Machina (), the God of Space and Time, and his assistant Muru Muru (). Deus transforms Yukiteru's phone into a Future Diary, capable of predicting the future up to ninety days. Yukiteru discovers he and eleven others are part of a battle royale survival game orchestrated by Deus. The aim of this game is to eliminate the other diary holders, the winner to succeed Deus as god and prevent the Apocalypse. Yukiteru finds himself protected by Yuno Gasai (), a charming but psychopathic classmate who obsessively stalks him after they had promised to go stargazing together a year before.


title: Future Diary

text: Two major players they encounter are terrorist Minene Uryu, who wants to destroy all religion after her parents died in a faith-fueled war; and Keigo Kurusu, a police officer who wants to end the game. Later, Kurusu betrays Yukiteru and Yuno when he discovers his bed-ridden son is suffering from a terminal illness. He assassinates diary holder Karyuudo Tsukishima and frames Yukiteru and Yuno. Minene turns to detective Masumi Nishijima, exposing Kurusu's crime. In his shame, Kurusu eliminates himself from the game.


title: Future Diary

text: John Bacchus, the city's mayor and designer of the Future Diaries, tries to manipulate Yukiteru's debt-ridden father Kurou into stealing his son's diary. Kurou fails, unintentionally murdering his ex-wife Rea, and is then assassinated by Bacchus' men. Yukiteru vows to win the game and resurrect his parents. He and Yuno target the remaining diary holders, Minene, Bacchus, and Kamado Ueshita who runs an orphanage. Meanwhile, Yukiteru's astute friend Aru Akise, and Nishijima investigate the discovery of three corpses in Yuno's house, two being her parents, and the third identified as being Yuno Gasai, bringing her identity into question.


title: Future Diary

text: Kamado's diary, which can give others substitute diaries, is connected to a supercomputer, giving citizens in the city Future Diaries as part of Bacchus' plan to help humanity evolve. Yukiteru and Yuno, Minene, Nishijima, and Yukiteru's friends storm Bacchus' headquarters. He seals himself in a bank vault owned by Yuno's parents, her fingerprints the only way to access it. Minene sacrifices herself to destroy the vault but fails, only for Aru to witness Yuno access the vault and kill Bacchus. Wanting answers, Aru confronts Deus who reveals the boy is an artificial human designed to observe the game and keep it in balance, but confirms there is a conspiracy around Yuno.


title: Future Diary

text: Yukiteru murders his friends and then Kamado. Aru battles Yuno, destroying her diary but discovers she has a spare. Realising the truth, Aru shows a text to Yukiteru before Yuno decapitates him. As the days to the Apocalypse approach, Yukiteru and Yuno consummate their relationship. However, Yukiteru reveals Aru's suggestion that Yuno originates from another timeline and she immediately turns on him. Muru Muru, the true mastermind behind the game's course, confirms Aru's theory. Yukiteru died and Yuno won the game in another timeline but discovered not even the power of a god could bring back the dead. In her sorrow, Yuno went back in time, creating an alternate timeline, murdering and replacing her other self.


title: Future Diary

text: Yuno and Muru Muru go back in time again, creating a third world, pursued by Yukiteru and Minene, kept alive by Deus as a wild card and imbued with a portion of his power. Both parties battle to protect or kill the third world's Yuno and her parents. Yuno, unable to kill Yukiteru, traps him in a dream world where she doesn't exist, and then attacks her alternate self. Yukiteru remembers Yuno, escaping his prison aided by the second world's Muru Muru, and stops Yuno. Though Yukiteru asks Yuno to kill him so she can live, she instead eliminates herself and dies in his arms. Yukiteru becomes god and is dragged to the second world by Muru Muru.


title: Future Diary

text: Ten-thousand years later, a mournful Yukiteru has done nothing with his godly powers. He managed to cut off all influences that the first and second worlds had with the third and prevents the third world's deus from dying. Yukiteru gazes at his diary, mourning that he will never see the first world Yuno, the only one he will ever love, ever again. However, the interdimensional walls are broken down by the third world Yuno, who possesses the first world's memories courtesy of an atoning Muru Muru. Yukiteru and Yuno reunite as gods of the second and third world and prepare to fulfill their promise to go stargazing with each other.


title: Future Diary

text: "Future Diary" follows Yukiteru "Yuki" Amano, a socially awkward boy and one of the game's competitors who only wants to survive; Yuno Gasai, another player of the game and a friend who would do anything to be with Yuki; Minene Uryū, an infamous terrorist with a grudge against God; and Aru Akise, a genius teen detective and a friend of Yuki who investigates the true purpose of the game and Yuno's dark secrets.


title: Future Diary

text: The manga was serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's "Shōnen Ace" magazine from January 26, 2006 to December 25, 2010 and was compiled into 12 volumes published by Kadokawa Shoten, plus two side-story manga, "Future Diary: Mosaic" and "Future Diary: Paradox", compiled in one volume each. The manga was originally licensed in English by Tokyopop for North America, but only ten volumes were released before Tokyopop ceased publishing operations on May 31, 2011. The series is currently licensed by Viz Media, who released first nine volumes digitally.


title: Future Diary

text: An additional manga titled was previewed in the May 2013 issue of "Shōnen Ace" sold on March 26, 2013, and a single volume of "Redial" was released in July 2013.


title: Future Diary

text: An anime television adaptation by Asread and directed by Naoto Hosoda began airing from October 10, 2011. Character designs are done by Eiji Hirayama and Ruriko Watanabe. An eight-minute "pilot" edition DVD was bundled with limited editions of the manga's eleventh volume, released on December 9, 2010. The series uses four pieces of theme music: two opening themes and two ending themes. For the first 14 episodes, the opening theme is by Yōsei Teikoku, and the ending theme is "Blood Teller" by Faylan. From episode 15 onwards, the opening theme is "Dead End" by Faylan, and the ending theme is "Filament" by Yōsei Teikoku. For the pilot, the main theme is "The Creator" by Yōsei Teikoku. Funimation licensed the series for North American distribution, simulcasting the series on Niconico. They later announced they had acquired the rights for release on home video. Following Sony's acquisition of Crunchyroll, the series was moved to Crunchyroll.


title: Future Diary

text: An original video animation episode titled "Future Diary: Redial" acts as an epilogue to the television series. It received a special broadcast on Niconico on June 19, 2013. It was also bundled with the manga volume sequel of the same name. The opening theme for the OVA is by Yōsei Teikoku, and the ending theme is "Happy End" by Faylan.


title: Future Diary

text: Kadokawa Shoten produced a visual novel based on the manga titled for the PlayStation Portable, was released on January 28, 2010 in Japan. A re-release with new graphics, artwork and featuring the voice actors from the anime was released on April 26, 2012.


title: Future Diary

text: An 11-episode live action drama titled "Future Diary: Another:World" aired between April 21 and June 30, 2012 on Fuji TV. The TV series has an original plot line that differs from the manga and anime. The opening theme is "Another World" by Ko Shibasaki.


title: Future Diary

text: During mid-November 2008, the seventh volume of the "Future Diary" manga ranked as the twenty-first best selling manga in Japan. The volume remained in the top 30 during the following week, though it dropped to twenty-fifth place. As of April 2012, it has sold 4 million copies in Japan.


title: Gulab jamun

text: Gulab jamun (also spelled gulaab jamun; or 'Rose berry') is a sweet confectionary or dessert, originating in the Indian subcontinent and a type of mithai popular in India, Pakistan, Nepal, the Maldives (where it is known as gulab ki janu), and Bangladesh, as well as Myanmar. It is also common in nations with substantial populations of people with South Asian heritage, such as Mauritius, Fiji, Gulf states, the Malay Peninsula, Great Britain, South Africa, and the Caribbean countries of Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname.


title: Gulab jamun

text: It is made mainly from milk solids, traditionally from "khoya", which is milk reduced to the consistency of a soft dough. Modern recipes call for dried or powdered milk instead of "khoya". It is often garnished with dried nuts such as almonds and cashews to enhance flavour.


title: Gulab jamun

text: In the Indian subcontinent, milk and cheese solids are prepared by heating milk over a low flame for a long time until the water content has evaporated and only the milk solids remain. These milk solids, known as "khoya", are kneaded into a dough, with a large amount of flour (maida). There are many gulab jamun mixtures on the market, which are blended with water/milk to make the dough. The dough is then shaped into small balls and deep-fried in oil or ghee (clarified butter) at a low temperature of about until they get their familiar golden brown color. If the balls are cooked quickly, they will be raw on the inside. The fried balls are then soaked in a light sugar syrup flavored with green cardamom and rose water, kewra or saffron. Hot gulab jamun is often served with vanilla ice-cream or Kulfi.


title: Gulab jamun

text: Gulab jamun was first prepared in medieval India and was derived from a fritter that Central Asian Turkic invaders brought to India. Another theory claims that it was accidentally prepared by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan's personal chef.


title: Gulab jamun

text: The word "gulab" is derived from the Persian words "gol" (flower) and "āb" (water), referring to the rose water-scented syrup. "Jamun" or "jaman" is the Hindi/Urdu word for "Syzygium jambolanum", an Indian fruit with a similar size and shape, commonly known as black plum. Jamun is also defined as a fried delicacy in sugar syrup. The Arab dessert "luqmat al-qadi" is similar to gulab jamun, although it uses a different batter. According to the culinary historian Michael Krondl, both luqmat al-qadi and gulab jamun may have derived from a Persian dish, with rose water syrup being a common connection between the two.


title: Gulab jamun

text: "Gulab jamun" is a dessert often eaten at festivals, birthdays or major celebrations such as marriages, the Muslim celebrations of Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, and the Hindu festivals of Diwali (the Indian festival of light) and Ganesh Chaturthi (the coming of Lord Ganesha). There are various types of "gulab jamun" and every variety has a distinct taste and appearance.


title: Gulab jamun

text: "Gulab jamun" gets its brownish red colour because of the sugar content in the milk powder ("khoya"). In other types of "gulab jamun", sugar is added in the batter, and after frying, the sugar caramelization gives it its dark, almost black colour, which is then called "kala jamun" or "black jamun". The sugar syrup may be replaced with (slightly) diluted maple syrup for a "gulab jamun".


title: Gulab jamun

text: Homemade "gulab jamun" is usually made up of khoya, a pinch of all-purpose flour/refined wheat flour/ wheat flour (optional), baking powder and clarified butter (ghee); milk kneaded to form a dough, moulded into balls, deep fried and dropped into simmering sugar syrup.


title: Gulab jamun

text: Pantua is similar to "gulab jamun", and could be called a Bengali variant of that dish. Ledikeni, a variation of Pantua, is another variant of "gulab jamun". It is said to have been invented by Bhim Chandra Nag on the occasion of a visit by Lady Canning, the wife of Charles Canning, the Governor-General of India during 1856–62.


title: Gulab jamun

text: Katangi, a town near Jabalpur is famous for "Jhurre Ka Rasgulla", which has been made there for the past 100 years. It is several times the size of normal gulab jamuns and is prepared in local desi ghee.


title: Gulab jamun

text: In Rajasthan, instead of soaking gulab jamun balls in sugar syrup, they are cooked in gravy made from spices, nuts and tomato to make popular Gulab Jamun ki Sabzi.


title: Gulab jamun

text: In Bangladesh, Pantua is available almost everywhere throughout the country, which can be referred to a Bengali variation of Gulab jamun. Also there are two kinds of jamuns that are famous. They are Golap Jam () and Kalo Jam ().


title: Gulab jamun

text: The sweet is known as Lal Mohan () in Nepali language and is available at almost every sweet shop. The sale of the sweet usually increases significantly during festivals such as Tihar, Dashain, etc.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: The Misfits is a 1961 American film written by Arthur Miller, directed by John Huston, and starring Clark Gable, Marilyn Monroe, and Montgomery Clift. The supporting cast features Thelma Ritter, Eli Wallach, and Kevin McCarthy. Adapted by Miller from his own short story of the same name published in "Esquire" in October 1957, "The Misfits" was the last completed film for both Clark Gable and Marilyn Monroe. For Gable, the film was posthumously released, Marilyn Monroe died in August 1962, and Montgomery Clift died in July 1966. The plot centers on Roslyn Tabor (Monroe), a newly divorced woman from Reno, and her relationships with friendly landlady Isabelle Steers (Thelma Ritter), an old-school cowboy Gaylord Langland (Gable), his tow truck-driving and plane-flying best friend (Wallach), and their rodeo-riding, bronc-busting friend (Clift).


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: "The Misfits" was a commercial failure at the time of its initial release, but received critical acclaim for its script and performances. Its reputation has shifted over the following years, and many critics now consider the film to be a masterpiece and one of the best films of the 1960s.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: In Reno, Nevada, 30-year-old Roslyn Tabor files for a quickie six-week residency divorce from her inattentive husband, Raymond. Afterward, Roslyn's landlady Isabelle takes her to a cocktail lounge at Harrah's for drinks. At Harrah's they meet an aging cowboy named Gaylord Langland, and his tow truck driver best friend, Guido. The friendly Guido tells Roslyn and Isabelle about his unfinished house in the country by Pyramid Lake. Later that day, the group drives out to the unfinished house Guido has built for his late wife. After drinking and dancing, Roslyn has had too much to drink, so Gaylord drives her home to Reno.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Eventually, Roslyn and Gaylord move into Guido's half-finished house and work on finishing it. One day, Gaylord tells Roslyn how he wishes he were more of a father to his children, whom he has not seen for years. Later, he discovers rabbits have been eating the lettuce in the garden they have planted. Gay wants to kill the rabbits with his shotgun, an idea that Roslyn opposes.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: When Guido and Isabelle show up, Guido suggests that they round up wild mustangs to sell. They go to a local rodeo to hire a third man. They run into Perce Howland, a cowboy friend of Gaylord's, who wants to compete in the rodeo. Gaylord offers to pay the broke Perce's $10 entry fee if he will help round up mustangs the next day.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: At the rodeo, Roslyn becomes somewhat upset when Guido tells her how the horses are made to buck with an irritating flank strap. Perce is thrown by a bucking horse, and Roslyn begs him to go to a hospital, and offers him money if he won't ride again, but he insists on riding a bull he had already signed up and paid to ride. He gets thrown again, sustaining a head injury.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Later, he passes out in a back alley. When he regains consciousness, he sees Roslyn crying over him. He says that he never had anyone cry for him before and that he wished he had a friend to talk to. He tells her how his mother changed after his father died, giving his stepfather the ranch Perce's father wanted to leave to Perce. A drunken Gaylord then fetches Roslyn, telling her that he wants her to meet his kids, claiming he unexpectedly ran into them. When Gaylord discovers his children have already left the bar, he causes a public scene.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: During the drive home, a drunken Guido recalls his wartime service as a bomber pilot and asks if Roslyn has left Gaylord and offers to take his place. Back at Guido's house, Guido attempts to finish the patio he started. Later, Gaylord asks Roslyn if a woman like her would ever want to have a child with him. She avoids the issue.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: The next day, Gaylord, Guido and Perce go after the mustangs, with Roslyn reluctantly tagging along. Guido uses his biplane to flush out the horses from the mountains, and it turns out that there are only five of them, a stallion and four mares. Pierce says that it is barely worth it to pursue so few horses.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Roslyn becomes upset when she learns that they will be slaughtered for dog food. Gaylord tells Roslyn that he has always caught mustangs and that they used to be in immense herds, and that they made fine riding horses. But over time, he says, "they changed it all around" and now what was good is considered bad. He says that he catches the mustangs to preserve his freedom and prevent him from having to take a job for wages.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: After they catch the mustangs, Roslyn begs Gaylord to release the horses. He considers it, but when she offers to pay him $200, it angers him. Guido tells Roslyn that he would release them if she would leave Gaylord for him. She rebuffs him. Perce asks her if she wants him to set the horses free, but she declines because she thinks it would only start a fight. Perce frees the stallion anyway. After Gaylord chases down and subdues it by himself, he lets it go and says he just did not want anybody making up his mind for him. He pledges never to catch mustangs again, and says that what used to be good is now "smeared in blood," and that roping mustangs is now like "roping a dream." He says he has to "find another way to be alive, if there is one."


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: As they are driving away in Gaylord's truck, Roslyn tells Gaylord that she will leave the next day. He stops the truck to pick up his dog and watches her joyfully untethering it. They snuggle together as he drives home.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: The making of "The Misfits" was troublesome on several accounts, not the least of which was the sometimes 100 °F (38 °C) heat of the northern Nevada desert and the breakdown of Monroe's marriage to writer Arthur Miller. Miller revised the script throughout the shoot as the concepts of the film developed.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Meanwhile, with her marriage to Arthur Miller troubled, Marilyn Monroe was drinking too much after work and using prescription drugs. According to Huston in a 1981 retrospective interview, he felt "absolutely certain that she was doomed," a conclusion he reached while working on the film: "There was evidence right before me almost every day. She was incapable of rescuing herself or of being rescued by anyone else. And it sometimes affected her work. We had to stop the picture while she went to a hospital for two weeks." Huston shut down production in August 1960 when Monroe went to a hospital for relaxation and depression treatment. Some close-ups after her hospital discharge were shot using limited soft focus. Monroe was nearly always an hour late to the set, sometimes, rarely, not showing up at all. Monroe spent her nights learning newly written lines with her drama coach Paula Strasberg. Monroe's confidant and masseur, Ralph Roberts, was cast as an ambulance attendant in the film's rodeo scene. The other actors and Huston did not complain to Monroe about her lateness—they knew they needed her to finish the movie. Gable reminisced with "The Making of the Misfits" author James Goode saying, "Long ago, if an actor was late, they were fired."


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Clark Gable insisted on doing some of his own stunts, but not the scene of being dragged across the dry lake bed at more than . Director John Huston said after Gable's death he would never have allowed Gable to do the more dangerous mustang stunts.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Veteran B-movie Western actor Rex Bell, who had been married to Clara Bow, made his final film appearance in a brief cameo as an amusing elderly cowboy. Bell was lieutenant governor of Nevada at the time.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Thomas B. Allen was assigned to create drawings of "The Misfits" as the film was made. Magnum Photos had numerous staff photographers, including Ernst Haas, Inge Morath, and Eve Arnold assigned to document the making of "The Misfits". Inge Morath later married Arthur Miller, Monroe's former husband, a year after the film was released.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: During production, the cast's principals stayed at the now imploded Mapes Hotel in Reno. Film locations included the Washoe County Court House on Virginia Street, and Quail Canyon, near Pyramid Lake. The bar scene wherein Monroe plays paddle ball and the rodeo scenes were filmed in Dayton, Nevada, east of Carson City. For the final three weeks of shooting, Miller and Monroe moved to the nearby Holiday Hotel and Casino, now the Renaissance Hotel, on Center Street in Reno. The Renaissance Hotel no longer has a casino. The climax of the film takes place during wrangling scenes on a Nevada dry lake twelve miles east of Dayton, near Stagecoach. The area today is known as "Misfits Flat".


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Filming was completed on November 4, 1960, twelve days before Clark Gable's death, and "The Misfits" was released on February 1, 1961, on what would have been Gable's 60th birthday.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: "The Misfits" failed to meet expectations at the box office and has been historically referred to as a "box office disaster" of its day. Despite being shot in black and white, the final cost was about $4 million, which was the estimated budget. The film grossed $4,100,000 in its initial USA release.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Despite on-set difficulties, Gable, Monroe, Clift and Wallach delivered performances that modern critics consider superb. Many critics regard Gable's performance as his finest, and Gable, after seeing the rough cuts, agreed. Monroe received the 1961 Golden Globe Award as "World Film Favorite" in March 1962, five months before her death. Huston was nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film. In 2005, the film was nominated by the American Film Institute in the AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores list.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, 97% of 31 critics have given "The Misfits" a positive review, with an average rating of 8.1/10. In later years, the film came to be described as a cult classic. "The Guardian" wrote that the film is one of the films that "marked a turning point in the cinema, influencing directors, actors, and audiences."


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Gable suffered a heart attack two days after filming ended and died ten days later on November 16, 1960. Monroe and Clift attended the premiere in New York in February 1961, while Arthur Miller attended with his two children. Monroe later said that she hated the film and her performance in it. Within a year and a half, she was dead of an apparent drug overdose. "The Misfits" was the last completed film for both Monroe and Gable, her childhood screen idol. In her last interview, Monroe, who never knew her father, said she often fantasized that Gable was her father. Montgomery Clift died five years later, and made only three more movies.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: The documentary "The Legend of Marilyn Monroe" (1966) includes footage shot while "The Misfits" was being made. Miller's autobiography "Timebends" (1987) described the making of the film. The 2001 PBS documentary "Making The Misfits" did the same. Primary sources such as "The Making of the Misfits" by James Goode, "Conversations with Marilyn" by W.J. Weatherby, and Miller's account, particularly his assertion that "The Misfits" script was a "valentine" for Monroe, inspired the docu-drama play "Misfits" by Alex Finlayson, which was commissioned by director Greg Hersov. "Misfits" premiered at the Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester, UK in 1996, directed by Hersov and starring Lisa Eichhorn as Marilyn Monroe.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: Arthur Miller's last play "Finishing the Picture" (2004), although fiction, was based on the events involved in the making of "The Misfits".


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: In August 2018, an un-released nude scene where Marilyn Monroe exposes herself while making love with Clark Gable's character, and which was thought to have been lost, was discovered.


title: The Misfits (1961 film)

text: "The Misfits" was released to DVD by MGM Home Entertainment on May 8, 2012 as a Region 1 widescreen DVD and on May 10, 2011 on Blu-ray.


title: Yahwism

text: Yahwism is the name given by modern scholars to the religion of ancient Israel. Yahwism was essentially polytheistic, with a plethora of gods and goddesses. Heading the pantheon was Yahweh, the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah, with his consort, the goddess Asherah, and second-tier gods and goddesses such as Baal, Shamash, Yarikh, Mot, and Astarte, all of whom had their own priests and prophets and numbered royalty among their devotees.


title: Yahwism

text: The practices of Yahwism included festivals, sacrifices, vow-making, private rituals, and the adjudication of legal disputes. Contrary to the picture presented in the Hebrew Bible, the Temple in Jerusalem was not the sole, or even central, temple of Yahweh, but the king was the head of the national religion and thus the viceroy on Earth of the national god, a role reflected each year when he presided over a ceremony at which Yahweh was enthroned in the Holy Temple in Jerusalem.


title: Yahwism

text: Yahwism underwent several redevelopments and recontextualizations, as the notion of divinities aside from or comparable to Yahweh was gradually degraded by new religious currents and ideas. During the monarchic period of the mid-Iron Age, the religion of Israel moved towards the sole worship of Yahweh alone; however, these theological changes remained largely confined to small groups, only spreading to the population at large during the widespread political turbulence of the 7th and 6th centuries BCE. This progressive evolution of monotheism had ultimately culminated by the end of the Babylonian exile, and by the 4th century BCE, Yahwism had coalesced into what is now known as Second Temple Judaism. Yahwism also gave rise to Samaritanism.


title: Yahwism

text: The centre of ancient Israel's religion through most of the monarchic period was the worship of a god named Yahweh, and for this reason the religion of Israel is often referred to as Yahwism. Yahweh, however, was not the 'original' god of Israel; it is El, the head of the Canaanite pantheon, whose name forms the basis of the name "Israel", and none of the Old Testament patriarchs, the tribes of Israel, the Judges, or the earliest monarchs, have a Yahwistic theophoric name (i.e., one incorporating the name of Yahweh). It is unclear how, where, or why Yahweh appeared in the Levant; even his name is a point of confusion. The exact date of this occurrence is also ambiguous: the term "Israel" first enters historical records in the 13th century BCE with the Egyptian Merneptah Stele, and while the worship of Yahweh is circumstantially attested to as early as the 12th century BCE, there is no attestation or record of even Yahweh's name, let alone his origin or character, in the Levant until some four hundred years later, with the Mesha Stele (9th century BCE). Nevertheless, many scholars believe that the shared worship of Yahweh played a role in the emergence of Israel in the Late Bronze Age (circa 1200 BCE).


title: Yahwism

text: This early Israel was a society of rural villages, but in time urban centers grew up and society became more structured and more complex, and in the 9th century BCE Israel was founded as a kingdom with its capital at Samaria. After the 10th century BCE the tribes and chiefdoms of Iron Age I were replaced by ethnic nation states. In each kingdom, the king was also the head of the national religion and thus the viceroy on Earth of the national god. In Jerusalem this was reflected each year when the king presided over a ceremony at which Yahweh was enthroned in the Holy Temple. The Hebrew Bible gives the impression that the Jerusalem Temple was always meant to be the central, or even sole, temple of Yahweh, but this was not the case, and was not accepted as such in either the Kingdom of Israel, or the province of Samaria. The earliest known Israelite place of worship is a 12th-century open-air altar in the hills of Samaria featuring a bronze bull reminiscent of Canaanite "Bull-El" (El in the form of a bull), and the archaeological remains of further temples have been found at Dan on Israel's northern border, at Arad and Beersheba in the Negev desert, once part of Judah. Shiloh, Bethel, Gilgal, Mizpah, Ramah, and Dan were also major sites for festivals, sacrifices, vow-making, private rituals, and the adjudication of legal disputes.


title: Yahwism

text: During an era of religious syncretism, it became accepted among the Israelite people to consider the Canaanite god El as the same as Yahweh. El was soon thought to have always been the same deity as Yahweh, as evidenced by Exodus .


title: Yahwism

text: The worship of Yahweh alone began at the earliest with prophet Elijah in the 9th century BCE, and at the latest with prophet Hosea in the 8th; even then it remained the concern of a small party before gaining ascendancy in the exilic and early post-exilic period. The early supporters of this faction are widely regarded as being monolatrists rather than true monotheists, since instead of believing that Yahweh was the only god in existence, they believed that he was the only god the people of Israel should worship, a noticeable departure from the traditional beliefs of the Israelites nonetheless. It was during the national crisis of the Babylonian Exile that the followers of Yahweh went a step further and finally denied that the other deities aside from Yahweh even existed, thus marking the transition from monolatrism to true monotheism, and from Yahwism to Judaism. Certain scholars date the start of widespread monotheism to the 8th century BCE, and view it as a response to Neo-Assyrian aggression.


title: Yahwism

text: In 539 BCE, Babylon fell to the Persians, ending the Babylonian exile. A number of the exiled Israelites, though probably not the majority, returned to Jerusalem. As descendants of the original exiles, they had never lived in Judah; nevertheless, in the view of the authors of the Biblical literature, they, and not those who had remained in the land, were "Israel". Judah, now called "Yehud", was a Persian province, and the returnees, with their Persian connections in Babylon, secured positions of authority. Though they represented the descendants of the old "Yahweh-alone" movement, the religion they came to institute was significantly different from monarchic Yahwism; differences included new concepts of priesthood, a new focus on written law and thus on scripture, and a concern with preserving purity by prohibiting intermarriage outside the community of this new "Israel". This new faith represented the next stage in Judaism's development; Second Temple Judaism.


title: Yahwism

text: There is a broad consensus among modern scholars that the religion of ancient Israel was basically polytheistic, involving a plethora of gods and goddesses. The supreme god was Yahweh, whose name appears as an element on personal seals from the late 8th to the 6th centuries BCE. Alongside Yahweh was his consort Asherah, (replaced by the goddess "Anat-Yahu" in the temple of the 5th century Jewish settlement Elephantine in Egypt), and various biblical passages indicate that statues of the goddess were kept in Yahweh's temples in Jerusalem, Bethel, and Samaria.


title: Yahwism

text: Below Yahweh and Asherah were second tier gods and goddesses such as Baal, Shamash, Yarikh, Mot, and Astarte, all of whom had their own priests and prophets and numbered royalty among their devotees. A goddess called the "Queen of Heaven" was also worshiped: she was probably a fusion of Astarte and the Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar, although the phrase is possibly a title of Asherah.


title: Yahwism

text: A third tier may also have existed, made up of specialist deities such as the god of snakebite-cures – his name is unknown, as the biblical text identifies him only as Nehushtan, a pun based on the shape of his representation and the metal of which it was made – and below these again was a fourth and final group of minor divine beings such as the "mal'ak", the messengers of the higher gods, who in later times became the angels of Christianity, Judaism and Islam, and other heavenly beings such as cherubim.


title: Yahwism

text: Worship of Baal and Yahweh coexisted in the early period of Israel's history, but they were considered irreconcilable after the 9th century BCE, following the efforts of King Ahab and his queen Jezebel to elevate Baal to the status of national god, although the cult of Baal did continue for some time.


title: Yahwism

text: The practices of Yahwism were largely characteristic of other Semitic religions of the time, including festivals, sacrifices, vow-making, private rituals, and the adjudication of legal disputes. The center of Yahweh-worship lay in three great annual festivals coinciding with major events in rural life: Passover with the birthing of lambs, Shavuot with the cereal harvest, and Sukkot with the fruit harvest. They became linked to events in the national mythos of Israel: Passover with the exodus from Egypt, Shavuot with the law-giving at Sinai, and Sukkot with the wilderness wanderings. The festivals thus celebrated Yahweh's salvation of Israel and Israel's status as his holy people, although the earlier agricultural meaning was not entirely lost.


title: Yahwism

text: Animal sacrifices played a big role in Yahwism and Judaism (prior to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE) on altars, with the subsequent burning and the sprinkling of their blood, a practice described in the Bible as a daily Temple ritual for the Jewish people. Sacrifice was presumably complemented by the singing or recital of psalms, but the details are scant. The rituals detailed in Leviticus 1–16, with their stress on purity and atonement, were actually followed only after the Babylonian exile and the Yahwism/Judaism transition. In reality, any head of a family was able to offer sacrifice as occasion demanded. Prayer itself played little role in practice.


title: Yahwism

text: In addition to the sacrificial priests, a great role in Yahwism, and still later Judaism, was played by prophets and epic heroes, reflected in the modern Jewish texts by legends about Samson and Joshua. Worship was performed on literal high places, with the Jerusalem Temple sitting on Mount Moriah/Mount Zion (hence, the Temple Mount), and the Samaritans' temple sitting on Mount Gerizim, although this may just be more of a coincidence than an intentional practice. Talismans and the mysterious "teraphim" were also probably used. It is also possible Yahwism employed ecstatic cultic rituals (compare the biblical tale of David dancing naked before the Ark of the Covenant) at times where they became popular, and possibly human sacrifice.


title: The Dry (film)

text: The Dry is a 2020 Australian mystery drama thriller film directed by Robert Connolly, from a screenplay by Connolly and Harry Cripps, and is based on the 2016 book of the same name by Jane Harper. The film stars Eric Bana, Genevieve O'Reilly, Keir O'Donnell and John Polson.


title: The Dry (film)

text: The film had its premiere in Melbourne on 11 December 2020, before Roadshow Films released the film in Australia on 1 January 2021, and received positive reviews from critics. IFC Films released the film in the United States on 21 May 2021.


title: The Dry (film)

text: A sequel based on the Harper's 2017 follow-up book, "Force of Nature", was later announced to be in production in 2022.


title: The Dry (film)

text: Federal Agent Aaron Falk returns to his hometown of Kiewarra in Victoria to attend the funeral of his childhood friend Luke Hadler, who has allegedly killed his wife Karen and their son Billy before taking his own life. Only their infant daughter, Charlotte, was spared. Luke's parents ask Falk to stay and investigate the crime, and he reluctantly agrees.


title: The Dry (film)

text: In flashbacks, it is revealed that Falk left town twenty years earlier to escape harassment when he was suspected in the death of his girlfriend Ellie. Upon his return, he finds many of the townspeople are still angry towards him, particularly Ellie's father Mal and her cousin Grant who brand him a liar and a murderer.


title: The Dry (film)

text: With the help of the town's local sergeant Greg Raco, Falk begins to look into the events surrounding Luke's death. They discover that the shotgun shells used in the crime were Remingtons, while Luke only owned Winchesters. Falk also interviews Scott Whitlam, the local school principal and Karen's boss, who explains that although she and Luke had some money trouble, they did not appear to have any serious problems. When Falk discovers the word 'GRANT?' handwritten on the back of a library book receipt, he suspects Grant wants to purchase the Hadler family farm since Luke's parents cannot manage it on their own.


title: The Dry (film)

text: Falk visits Gretchen, another childhood friend and Karen's co-worker who tells him there were applications found in Karen's desk for school funding. While reminiscing over an old photo album, Falk sees a photo of Luke holding Gretchen's newborn son Lachlan. He questions her about Luke being the father; Gretchen denies this, but indirectly confirms they were having an affair. Falk outrightly asks Gretchen if she is responsible for the murders, and she tells him to leave. The next morning, Falk steals some of the funding applications and realises Karen wrote 'GRANT?' in reference to finances. Aaron figures out that Whitlam has been embezzling from the school and murdered Karen and her family to cover up his crime.


title: The Dry (film)

text: Falk and Raco go to question Whitlam at the school, only to find he has fled to the bush with a jerry can of petrol and a lighter. As they search his house, they find the shotgun shells that match the shells used in the murder. When they catch up to him, Whitlam admits to his gambling addiction, stealing money from the school to pay his debts, and murdering the Hadler family to cover up his fraud. He then drenches himself in the petrol and sets himself on fire. Falk and Raco tackle him to the ground and put out the fire. Whitlam and Raco are badly burnt and hospitalised, although Falk's injuries are not as severe. The investigation is closed with Whitlam's confession, and Luke's parents thank Falk for proving Luke's innocence.


title: The Dry (film)

text: Before leaving town, Falk meets with Gretchen and apologises for accusing her; she forgives him. She reveals she was always in love with Luke but that he chose Karen. Falk visits the rocky area that he and Ellie used to frequently go to; he finds her old backpack, which contains a journal noting that she intended to run away because Mal was abusing her. A flashback reveals that when Mal discovered she was leaving, he drowned her in a rage. Falk says goodbye to Ellie, and then walks back into town with the backpack as evidence to clear his name along the riverbed, which is now completely dry.


title: The Dry (film)

text: The film rights for the novel were optioned by producers Bruna Papandrea and Reese Witherspoon in 2015 and was produced by Papandrea's production company, Made Up Stories. Eric Bana starred in the lead role of Aaron Falk, with Genevieve O'Reilly as Gretchen and Keir O'Donnell as Raco.


title: The Dry (film)

text: Principal photography began in March 2019 in the Australian state of Victoria, including the Wimmera Mallee region.


title: The Dry (film)

text: The film was due for release on 27 August 2020 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It had its premiere in Melbourne on 11 December 2020, and was released wide by Roadshow Films in Australia and New Zealand on 1 January 2021.


title: The Dry (film)

text: It was announced on 9 February 2021 that through Cornerstone Films, the film has entered into distribution deals with Leonine for German-speaking Europe, Swift for France, Notorious for Italy and Spain, Selmer Media for Scandinavia, Three Lines for Benelux, M2 Films for Eastern Europe, Terry Steiner International for international airlines and ships, with UK negotiations ongoing at the time.


title: The Dry (film)

text: It was announced on 18 February 2021 that IFC Films acquired the film for distribution in North America, with a release in cinemas and on-demand on 21 May 2021. The film had its North American premiere at the SFFILM Festival on 10 April 2021, and was named one of the must-see films of the festival.


title: The Dry (film)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, of critics gave the film a positive review, with an average rating of . The site's critics consensus reads: "A slow-burning crime drama anchored by a solid central performance from Eric Bana, "The Dry" offers gripping thrills for genre fans." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: The Dry (film)

text: "The Guardian" gave a positive review, saying "The film remains rock solid throughout: taut, tough and tense, matching wide-open spaces with uncomfortably close drama."


title: The Dry (film)

text: "The Dry" is among the top ten highest-grossing film of 2020 in Australia with A$20.1 million. The film made AU$3.5 million during its opening weekend in the Australian box office making it one of the highest grossing Australian film opening weekends ever, and the best debut for an Australian-made feature at the country’s box office from an independent studio. After five weeks, the film stood at more than A$19 million (US$14.6 million) and had overtaken "Muriel's Wedding" and "The Water Diviner" to rank 17th on Australia’s all-time top 20, just behind "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert." By 23 March, the film had passed the A$20 million mark and was now the 14th-highest-grossing Australian film of all time, outpacing "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert".


title: Elinor Donahue

text: Elinor Donahue (born Mary Eleanor Donahue, April 19, 1937) is an American actress, best known today for playing the role of Betty Anderson, the eldest child of Jim and Margaret Anderson on the 1950s American sitcom "Father Knows Best".


title: Elinor Donahue

text: Donahue was born in Tacoma, Washington, the daughter of Doris Genevieve (née Gelbaugh) and Thomas William Donahue on April 19, 1937.


title: Elinor Donahue

text: Appearing in dancing-chorus film roles from the age of five, Donahue was at one point a ballet-school classmate of future Fred Astaire partner Barrie Chase. She was a child actress working in vaudeville and had several bit parts in movies as a teenager, including "Love Is Better Than Ever" (1952), starring Elizabeth Taylor. She played one of the daughters in "Three Daring Daughters" in 1948 and appeared as Mamie Van Doren's sister in "Girls Town" (1959).


title: Elinor Donahue

text: Donahue achieved stardom for her role as the elder daughter, Betty, on the television family series "Father Knows Best", which aired from 1954 to 1960. Her co-stars were Robert Young, Jane Wyatt, Billy Gray as her younger brother, James "Bud" Anderson, Jr., and Lauren Chapin as her younger sister, Kathy.


title: Elinor Donahue

text: Donahue was a musical judge in ABC's "Jukebox Jury" (1953–54). While in the first season of "Father Knows Best", she also appeared on "The Ray Bolger Show", starring Ray Bolger as a song-and-dance man. Thereafter, she was cast with James Best, Ann Doran, and J. Carrol Naish in the 1956 episode "The White Carnation" of the religion anthology series, "Crossroads". She guest starred on an episode of "U.S. Marshal". She also appeared as a new bride in "The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show" episode titled "The Newlyweds" that aired April 2, 1956.


title: Elinor Donahue

text: Donahue played Georgiana Balanger, the niece of George and Martha Wilson, in the episode "Dennis and the Wedding" (1960) on "Dennis the Menace". Donahue was also cast, in 1960, with Marion Ross in an episode ("Duet") of "The Brothers Brannagan". She played Miriam Welby on ABC's "The Odd Couple", Jane Mulligan on "Mulligan's Stew", and Nurse Hunnicut on "Days of Our Lives".


title: Elinor Donahue

text: She was featured in 12 episodes of the first season of CBS's "The Andy Griffith Show" as the pharmacist Ellie Walker, even getting a mention in the opening credits. The character was intended to be a love interest for Sheriff Andy Taylor, but after one season (1960–1961), Donahue decided to ask for a release from her three-year contract. She did this because she was having trouble in her personal life following the end of "Father Knows Best" and needed a break from the whirlwind of her career.


title: Elinor Donahue

text: In 1963, Donahue was cast in an episode of NBC's short-lived modern Western series, "Redigo", with Richard Egan as the rancher Jim Redigo; then in 1964, she appeared as Melanie in "The Secret in the Stone" in the NBC medical drama dealing with psychiatry, "The Eleventh Hour", starring Jack Ging and Ralph Bellamy.


title: Elinor Donahue

text: Additionally, in 1963, she played Letty May in the episode "The Burning Tree" on "Have Gun Will Travel".


title: Elinor Donahue

text: In the 1964–65 broadcast season, Donahue costarred as Joan Randall, the daughter of Walter Burnley, played by John McGiver, on the CBS sitcom "Many Happy Returns" about the complaint department of a fictitious Los Angeles department store.


title: Elinor Donahue

text: Donahue portrayed the sister of Sister Bertrille (Sally Field) in three episodes of ABC's "The Flying Nun" (1968–70). In 1977, she appeared in an episode of the ABC crime drama "The Feather and Father Gang". In 1978, Donahue starred in the NBC sitcom "Please Stand By".


title: Elinor Donahue

text: In 1984, she made an appearance as Mrs. Broderick, the mother of a teenage drug addict on the last season of "Happy Days".


title: Elinor Donahue

text: In 1987, she played the title character's mother in the short-lived Fox series "The New Adventures of Beans Baxter". In 1988, she appeared in a "Newhart" episode ("Courtin' Disaster"), and she appeared in a 1989 episode of "The Golden Girls" as the newest wife of Dorothy Zbornak's ex-husband, Stan.


title: Elinor Donahue

text: In 1990, she played Bridget, a Beverly Hills clothing-store manager, in the film "Pretty Woman". Donahue played Gladys, the mother of Chris Peterson (Chris Elliott), in all 35 episodes of the sitcom "Get a Life" (1990–92), and had a recurring role as Rebecca Quinn on the CBS drama series "Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman".


title: Elinor Donahue

text: In 1992, she voiced the mother on the Fox Kids animated series "Eek! the Cat". In 1994, she made an appearance as Aunt Lillian in "The One Where Nana Dies Twice", an episode of "Friends". She played the part of Lorraine, Luther Van Dam's girlfriend, in season five of "Coach" in the early 1990s.


title: Elinor Donahue

text: In 1998, Donahue published a memoir entitled "In the Kitchen with Elinor Donahue", in which she relived some of her memories of Hollywood along with providing more than 150 of her recipes.


title: Elinor Donahue

text: In September 2010, Donahue made an appearance on "The Young and the Restless" as Judge Anderson, one of Nikki Newman's old friends and also as the woman minister who will officiate at the wedding of Billy Abbott and Nikki's daughter, Victoria Newman. The wedding took place in front of the Abbott's new home, which just happened to be a replica of the Anderson house from "Father Knows Best".


title: Elinor Donahue

text: In 2015, Donahue played the role of Mrs. Chumley in Judson Theatre Company's production of the Pulitzer Prize play "Harvey", by Mary Chase. Donahue called the role her "swan song."


title: Expressways of India

text: Expressways are the highest class of roads in India. As of December 2022, India has a total length of of expressways. These are controlled-access highways where entrance and exits are controlled by the use of ramps or interchange or trumphet that are incorporated into the design of the expressway and designed for minimum speed of 120 km/hr, whereas National highways are flyover access or controlled-access highway, where entrance and exit is through the side of the flyover,at each intersection of highway with road, flyovers are provided to bypass the city/town/village traffic and these highways are designed for speed of 100 km/hr. Some roads are not access-controlled expressways, but are still officially called expressways, such as the Biju Expressway, these state highways (officially expressways) do not meet expressway standards.


title: Expressways of India

text: Mumbai–Pune Expressway is the first 6-lane operational expressway in India started in 2002. Expressways follow standards set by Indian Roads Congress and Bureau of Indian Standards.


title: Expressways of India

text: Currently, the longest expressway in India is the Mumbai-Nagpur Expressway(Phase-I ) at and the widest expressway is the Delhi - Dasna (UP border) section of the Delhi–Meerut Expressway with 14 lanes.


title: Expressways of India

text: Greenfield Expressways in India are designed as 12-lane wide Expressways with the initial construction of 8 lanes with minimum speed set as 120 km/hr for all type of vehicles. Land for 4-lane future expansion is reserved in the center of the expressways. Greenfield Expressways are designed to avoid inhabited areas and go through new alignments to bring development to new areas and to reduce land acquisition costs and construction timelines. The Delhi-Mumbai Expressway is an example of a new 12-lane approach with initial 8-lane construction.


title: Expressways of India

text: Brownfield National Highway Project is the widening/development of existing National Highways. The Upgradation of highway is a Brownfield expressway Project which has high traffic demand and is a part of urban setup. The Upgradation is carried from 4 Lane to 6 Lane on EPC mode. 43,000 km state highways have been converted to National Highways in last 8 years.


title: Expressways of India

text: The majority of the investment required for constructing expressways comes from the central government. Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra are the only states which are investing in building expressways through dedicated expressway corporations.


title: Expressways of India

text: The National Expressways Authority of India operating under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways will be in-charge of the construction and maintenance of expressways. The National Highways Development Project by the government of India aims to expand the country's current expressway network and plans to add an additional 18,637 km of greenfield expressways by 2025 apart from building 4 lane greenfield national highways of 50,000 km length. Currently NHDP Phase-6 and NHDP Phase-7 construction is going on along with Bharatmala project.


title: Expressways of India

text: Bharatmala is an ecosystem of road development which includes tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors,flyovers, overpass, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads etc. to provide shortest & optimized connectivity to multiple places, it is a centrally-sponsored and funded road and highways project of the Government of India with a target of constructing 83,677 km of new highways over the next five years, was started in 2017 as well as conversion of 4 lane highways into 6 lane Brownfield expressways & some state highways into NH/NE. Phase I of the Bharatmala project involves the construction of 34,800 km of highways (including the remaining projects under NHDP) at an estimated cost of ₹5.35 lakh crore by 2021–22.


title: Expressways of India

text: , 24 expressways with a combined length of are operational in India. In 2017, the country had only approximately 934 km of expressways. All the expressways are 6 or more lane wide controlled-access highways, where entrance and exit are controlled by the use of slip roads.India has the second largest road network in the world with 6.3 million kms.


title: Expressways of India

text: As of April 2021, eight expressways have been declared as National Expressway (NE) by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.


title: Expressways of India

text: State Expressways are funded by State/Central Government to connect areas within the state. These expressways reduce travel time, allowing for more more efficient travel and fuel savings . This also allows for a more equal distribution of goods, especially to rural areas.These expressways are not part of National Expressways but may be operated by state authority or national authority.


title: Expressways of India

text: Expressways within a city to bypass city traffic such as ring roads, bypass, freeways and elevated roads exist entirely within a city or metropolitan area. These expressways direct heavy traffic to the outskirts freeing city roads of traffic. This also allows outside traffic to directly pass the city instead of going through it further limiting traffic within a city.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS or MPADS) are portable surface-to-air missiles. They are guided weapons and are a threat to low-flying aircraft, especially helicopters.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: MANPADS were developed in the 1950s to provide military ground forces with protection from jet aircraft. They have received a great deal of attention, partly because armed groups have used them against commercial airliners. These missiles, affordable and widely available through a variety of sources, have been used successfully over the past three decades both in military conflicts, as well as by terrorist organizations.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Twenty-five countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Poland, Sweden, Russia, and Turkey, produce man-portable air defense systems. Possession, export, and trafficking of such weapons is officially tightly controlled, due to the threat they pose to civil aviation, although such efforts have not always been successful.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: The missiles are about in length and weigh about , depending on the model. MANPADS generally have a target detection range of about and an engagement range of about , so aircraft flying at or higher are relatively safe.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Infrared homing missiles are designed to home-in on a heat source on an aircraft, typically the engine exhaust plume, and detonate a warhead in or near the heat source to disable the aircraft. These missiles use passive guidance, meaning that they do not emit signals to detect a heat source, which makes them difficult to detect by targeted aircraft employing countermeasure systems.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: The first missiles deployed in the 1960s were infrared missiles. First generation MANPADS, such as the US Redeye, early versions of the Soviet 9K32 Strela-2, and the Chinese HN-5 (copy of Soviet Strela-2), are considered "tail-chase weapons" as their uncooled spin-scan seekers can only discern the superheated interior of the target's jet engine from background noise. This means they are only capable of accurately tracking the aircraft from the rear when the engines are fully exposed to the missile's seeker and provide a sufficient thermal signature for engagement. First generation IR missiles are also highly susceptible to interfering thermal signatures from background sources, including the sun, which many experts feel makes them somewhat unreliable, and they are prone to erratic behaviour in the terminal phase of engagement. While less effective than more modern weapons, they remain common in irregular forces as they are not limited by the short shelf-life of gas coolant cartridges used by later systems.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Second generation infrared missiles, such as early versions of the U.S. Stinger, the Soviet Strela-3, and the Chinese FN-6, use gas-cooled seeker heads and a conical scanning technique, which enables the seeker to filter out most interfering background IR sources as well as permitting head-on and side engagement profiles. Later versions of the Redeye MANPADS are regarded as straddling the first and second generations as they are gas-cooled but still use a spin-scan seeker.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Third generation infrared MANPADS, such as the French Mistral, the Soviet 9K38 Igla, and the US Stinger B, use rosette scanning detectors to produce a quasi-image of the target. Their seeker compares input from multiple detections bands, either two widely separated IR bands or IR and UV, giving them much greater ability to discern and reject countermeasures deployed by the target aircraft.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Fourth generation missiles, such as the canceled American FIM-92 Stinger Block 2, Russian Verba, Chinese QW-4, and Japanese Type 91 surface-to-air missile use imaging infrared focal plane array guidance systems and other advanced sensor systems, which permit engagement at greater ranges.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Command guidance (CLOS) missiles do not home in on a particular aspect (heat source or radio or radar transmissions) of the targeted aircraft. Instead, the missile operator or gunner visually acquires the target using a magnified optical sight and then uses radio controls to "fly" the missile into the aircraft. One of the benefits of such a missile is that it is virtually immune to flares and other basic countermeasure systems that are designed primarily to defeat IR missiles. The major drawback of CLOS missiles is that they require highly trained and skilled operators. Numerous reports from the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s cite Afghan mujahedin as being disappointed with the British-supplied Blowpipe CLOS missile because it was too difficult to learn to use and highly inaccurate, particularly when employed against fast-moving jet aircraft. Given these considerations, many experts believe that CLOS missiles are not as ideally suited for untrained personnel use as IR missiles, which sometimes are referred to as "fire and forget" missiles.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Later versions of CLOS missiles, such as the British Javelin, use a solid-state television camera in lieu of the optical tracker to make the gunner's task easier. The Javelin's manufacturer, Thales Air Defence, claims that their missile is virtually impervious to countermeasures.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Laser guided MANPADS use beam-riding guidance where a sensor in the missile's tail detects the emissions from a laser on the launcher and attempts to steer the missile to fly at the exact middle of the beam, or between two beams. Missiles such as Sweden's RBS-70 and Britain's Starstreak can engage aircraft from all angles and only require the operator to continuously track the target using a joystick to keep the laser aim point on the target: the latest version of RBS 70 features a tracking engagement mode where fine aim adjustments of the laser emitter are handled by the launcher itself, with the user only having to make coarse aim corrections. Because there are no radio data links from the ground to the missile, the missile cannot be effectively jammed after it is launched. Even though beam-riding missiles require relatively extensive training and skill to operate, many experts consider these missiles particularly menacing due to the missiles' resistance to most conventional countermeasures in use today.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: On 10 October 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian forces were recorded allegedly shooting down a Russian cruise missile using MANPADS.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Man-portable air defense systems are a popular black market item for insurgent forces. Their proliferation became the subject of the Wassenaar Arrangement's "(WA)22 Elements for Export Controls of MANPADS", the G8 "Action Plan" of 2 June 2003, the October 2003 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit, "Bangkok Declaration on Partnership for the Future" and in July 2003 the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Forum for Security Co-operation, "Decision No. 7/03: Man-portable Air Defense Systems".


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Understanding the problem in 2003, Colin Powell remarked that there was "no threat more serious to aviation" than the missiles, which can be used to shoot down helicopters and commercial airliners, and are sold illegally for as little as a few hundred dollars. The U.S. has led a global effort to dismantle these weapons, with over 30,000 voluntarily destroyed since 2003, but probably thousands are still in the hands of insurgents, especially in Iraq, where they were looted from the military arsenals of the former dictator Saddam Hussein, and in Afghanistan as well. In August 2010, a report by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) confirmed that "only a handful" of illicit MANPADS were recovered from national resistance caches in Iraq in 2009, according to media reports and interviews with military sources.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: With the growing number of MANPADS attacks on civilian airliners, a number of different countermeasure systems have been developed specifically to protect aircraft against the missiles.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: Although most MANPADS are owned and accounted for by governments, political upheavals and corruption have allowed thousands of them to enter the black market. In the years 1998–2018, at least 72 non-state groups have fielded MANPADS. Civilians in the United States cannot legally own MANPADS.


title: Man-portable air-defense system

text: "Portions of this article were taken from "Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles" , CRS Report for Congress RL31741, February 16, 2006 by the Congressional Research Service, division of The Library of Congress which as a work of the Federal Government exists in the public domain."


title: Revenge porn

text: Revenge porn is the distribution of sexually explicit images or videos of individuals without their consent. The material may have been made by a partner in an intimate relationship with the knowledge and consent of the subject at the time, or it may have been made without their knowledge. The subject may have experienced sexual violence during the recording of the material, in some cases facilitated by narcotics such as date rape drugs which also cause a reduced sense of pain and involvement in the sexual act, dissociative effects and amnesia. The possession of the material may be used by the perpetrators to blackmail the subjects into performing other sex acts, to coerce them into continuing a relationship or to punish them for ending one, to silence them, to damage their reputation, and/or for financial gain. In the wake of civil lawsuits and the increasing numbers of reported incidents, legislation has been passed in a number of countries and jurisdictions to outlaw the practice, though approaches have varied. The practice has also been described as a form of psychological abuse and domestic violence, as well as a form of sexual abuse.


title: Revenge porn

text: The term "revenge porn" is rejected by activists for implying the victim has done something wrong. It most commonly refers to the uploading of sexually explicit material to the Internet to humiliate and intimidate a subject who has broken off a relationship. The term is also often misused to describe non-revenge scenarios, including nonconsensual pornography distributed by hackers or by individuals seeking profit or notoriety. The images are usually accompanied by sufficient information to identify the pictured individual (a process known as doxing), typically names and locations, and can include risqué comments, links to social media profiles, home addresses, and workplaces. In some cases victims are exposed to workplace discrimination, cyber-stalking or physical attack. Some companies search the Internet for potential sources of bad publicity, resulting in many victims of revenge porn losing their jobs and finding themselves effectively unhirable. Some academics argue that the term "revenge porn" should not be used, and instead that it should be referred to as "image-based sexual abuse."