title: Khabarovsk

text: Chinese Emperor Puyi, captured by Soviet troops in Manchuria, was relocated to Khabarovsk and lived there from 1945 up to 1950, when he was returned to China.


title: Khabarovsk

text: When Japan fell in September 1945 the United States reached an agreement with Stalin to build two U.S. Naval Advance Bases (Fleet Weather Centrals) in the USSR. The U.S. built one outside Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky on the Kamchatka Peninsula with the code name TAMA. The other was outside Khabarovsk in buildings provided by the Soviets, code-named MOKO. For mail Khabarovsk was assigned U.S.Navy number 1168, FPO San Francisco. The American use of these two bases was short-lived.


title: Khabarovsk

text: On 5 November 1956, the first phase of the city tram was commissioned. The Khabarovsk television studio began broadcasting in 1960. On 1 September 1967, the Khabarovsk Institute of Physical Education, now the Far Eastern State Academy of Physical Culture, opened. On 14 January 1971 Khabarovsk was awarded the Order of October Revolution. In 1975 the first stage of the urban trolley opened. In 1976 the city hosted an international ice hockey tournament with the ball for the prize of the newspaper "Sovietskaya Rossia". In 1981 the Bandy World Championship was played in the city.


title: Khabarovsk

text: In 1996, Khabarovsk held its first mayoral elections. Paul D. Filippov, whose candidacy was supported by Governor Viktor Ishayev, was defeated. In 1998, reconstruction of the central square of Khabarovsk was completed. In May 2000, President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, decreed that new federal districts be formed, and Khabarovsk became the center of the Far Eastern Federal District.


title: Khabarovsk

text: In 2006, the Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, a high-tech medical center, was constructed according to a Russian national health project. In 2008, the train station was completely renovated, and the adjacent square was reconstructed to include fountains and an underground passage. In 2009, Khabarovsk hosted the EU-Russia summit. In 2010, the city hosted a meeting of the Great Circle of Ussuri Cossacks. On 3 November 2012, Khabarovsk was awarded the honorary title of "City of Military Glory".


title: Khabarovsk

text: On 9 July 2020, the governor of the region, Sergei Furgal, was arrested and flown to Moscow. The 2020 Khabarovsk Krai protests began on 11 July 2020 in support of Furgal.


title: Khabarovsk

text: The flag of Khabarovsk displays a bear and a Siberian tiger holding a yellow shield with a blue reversed pall and a red fish. The flag is a representation of the coat of arms of Khabarovsk. The flag was adopted on 30 October 2007 and is 2:3 in ratio.


title: Khabarovsk

text: Khabarovsk experiences a monsoonal dry-winter humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification "Dwb" borders on "Dwa").


title: Khabarovsk

text: The average annual precipitation is , mainly concentrated in the summer. In a few years, November to March hardly receive any precipitation. The driest year was 2001 with only of precipitation and the wettest was 1981 when of precipitation fell. The wettest month was August 1981 with a total precipitation of . Snowfall is common, though light, with an average maximum snow height of .


title: Khabarovsk

text: The city's extreme climate sees daily average high and low temperatures vary by around over the course of the year. The average temperature in January is and the average for July is . Extremes have ranged from in January 2011 to in June 2010.


title: Khabarovsk

text: Khabarovsk is the administrative center of the krai and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Khabarovsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of krai significance of Khabarovsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Khabarovsk is incorporated as Khabarovsk Urban Okrug.


title: Khabarovsk

text: Primary industries include iron processing, steel milling, Khabarovsk shipyard, Daldizel, machinery, petroleum refining, flour milling, pharmaceutical industry, meatpacking and manufacturing of various types of heavy and light machinery.


title: Khabarovsk

text: A high-speed international fiber-optic cable connects the city of Khabarovsk with the city of Fuyuan in China.


title: Khabarovsk

text: The city is a principal railway center and is located along the Trans-Siberian Railway; the rail distance of Khabarovsk railway station from Moscow is .


title: Khabarovsk

text: Khabarovsk is served by the Khabarovsk Novy Airport with international flights to East Asia, Southeast Asia, European Russia, and Central Asia.


title: Khabarovsk

text: Road links include the Trans-Siberian Highway (M58 and M60 Highways), and water transport links are provided by the Amur River and Ussuri River.


title: Khabarovsk

text: Public transport includes: tram (8 routes); trolleybus (4 routes); bus and fixed-route taxi (marshrutka, approximately 100 routes).


title: Khabarovsk

text: Transborder travel to China in winter ice road in summer boat on Amur river to Fuyuan (and train to Harbin)


title: Khabarovsk

text: A key street in Khabarovsk is the broad Amursky Boulevard with its many shops and a local market. The city's five districts stretch for along the Amur River. The similar boulevard – Ussuryisky is located between the two main streets Muravyov-Amursky and Lenin street and runs to the city's artificial lakes (Gorodskie Prudi) with the sport complex Platinum Arena. The lakes are famous for their fountains with the light show. The Military History Museum of the Far Eastern Military District is located in the city, the only such museum in the Russian Far East.


title: Khabarovsk

text: Recently, there have been renovations in the city's central part, rebuilding with historical perspective. There is a walking tour from the Lenin Square to Utyos on Amur via Muravyov-Amursky Street, where visitors find traditional Russian cuisine restaurants and shops with souvenirs. There are a number of night clubs and pubs in this area.


title: Khabarovsk

text: In Wintertime ice sculptures are on display on the cities squares and parks. Artists come from as far as Harbin in China.


title: Khabarovsk

text: Unlike Vladivostok, the city has never been closed to foreigners, despite it being the headquarters of the Far East Military District, and retains its historically international flavor. Once the capital of the Soviet Far East (from 1926 to 1938), since the demise of the Soviet Union, it has experienced an increased Asian presence. It is estimated that over one million Chinese travel to and through Khabarovsk yearly, and foreign investment by Japanese and Korean corporations have grown in recent years. The city has a multi-story shopping mall and about a dozen hotels.


title: Khabarovsk

text: Aleksandr Fedosov, the Khabarovsk Krai Minister of Culture, estimates that the city became more attractive to tourists following the 2015 Bandy World Championship.


title: Khabarovsk

text: Khabarovsk is the closest major city to Birobidzhan, which is the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia, located on the Trans-Siberian Railway, close to the border with China. The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is a federal subject of Russia in the Russian Far East, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan, and it is the only region in the world in which Yiddish is the official language. Khabarovsk provides the closest major airport to Birobidzhan, which is Khabarovsk Novy Airport (KHV / UHHH), 198 km from the center of Birobidzhan.


title: Khabarovsk

text: The headquarters of the Russian Ground Forces's Eastern Military District is located at 15 Serysheva Street. The district was preceded by the Far Eastern Military District, which was located in the same location. The following component units of the district are stationed in the city:


title: Khabarovsk

text: All 5 of these units make up the Khabarovsk Garrison. The Russian Navy's Pacific Fleet maintains a presence in the city as well. There is also an airbase located to the east of the city. The main public relations asset for the military in the city is the Military History Museum of the Far Eastern Military District and the district military band.


title: Khabarovsk

text: The city was a host to the 1981 Bandy World Championship. It also hosted the 2015 Bandy World Championship, which was visited by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. 21 teams were expected, which would have been 4 more than the then record-making 17 (now it's 18) from the 2014 tournament. In the end, China was the only newcomer, while Canada and Ukraine withdrew, the latter for political reasons. Khabarovsk organised the 2018 tournament as well, but not Division B that time around, which was held in Chinese Harbin. The event was named by the Federal Agency for Tourism as one of the best 200 events of the year.


title: Khabarovsk

text: A delegation from the 2022 Winter Olympics organising committee will visit Khabarovsk to watch matches in the bandy league since they are considering letting bandy be a part of the programme in 2022.


title: Michel'le

text: Michel'le Denise Toussant (born December 5, 1970), also spelled Toussaint, is an American R&B singer known for her songs from 1989 to the early 1990s. Her highest charting song is the top ten US Hot 100 hit "No More Lies". Between 2013 and 2015, Michel'le was one of six members on the TV One reality show "". She is also the subject of the 2016 biopic "".


title: Michel'le

text: Michel'le, a native of California, was originally a featured female vocalist of World Class Wreckin' Cru's 1987 single "Turn Off the Lights". She was called at the last minute to record vocals for Mona Lisa, who could not make it to the studio. Michel'le was signed to Eazy-E's Ruthless Records. In 1989, her self-titled debut album was released, produced entirely by then-boyfriend, rapper Dr. Dre. The album contained the single "No More Lies" which peaked at No. 7 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, and the hit R&B singles "Nicety" and "Something in My Heart". "Michel'le" was certified Gold on April 25, 1990, for sales of over 500,000 copies in the US. During the Suge Knight shakedown incident, Jerry Heller was forced to sign over Dr. Dre, The D.O.C. and Michel'le. The West Coast All-Stars, in which she had a role, scored a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 33rd Grammy Awards for the single "We're All in the Same Gang" - the West Coast All-Stars also included MC Hammer, Young MC, Ice-T, JJ Fad as well as N.W.A members Dr. Dre, MC Ren, and Eazy E.


title: Michel'le

text: In 1998, nine years after the release of her first album, she released her second album, "Hung Jury", on Death Row Records but it garnered little attention and no hit singles. As of 2013, worldwide sales for the album stood at under 100,000 copies. Michel'le also provided vocals on 2Pac's song "Run tha Streets" on his album "All Eyez on Me", and Tha Dogg Pound's song "Let's Play House" on their debut "Dogg Food". Soon after Dr. Dre's departure from Death Row Records in 1996, Michel'le and Dr. Dre parted ways after he became engaged to another woman.


title: Michel'le

text: Michel'le contributed to the soundtrack "Dysfunktional" in 2003. She has since confirmed through several media outlets that she's been working on new material and looking for a label for her third album. In 2011 and 2014, Michel'le released new singles "Freedom to Love" and "It Still Hurts", though she hasn't released an album since 1998"." A trailer video for her single "Freedom to Love" can be seen on YouTube.


title: Michel'le

text: Her character was left out of the 2015 film "Straight Outta Compton", even though she played a role in N.W.A. Michel'le was included in the notorious N.W.A diss track No Vaseline on Ice Cube's 1991 double platinum effort, "Death Certificate," in a reference to a video the group made with the female singer. This omission gave her the opportunity to tell her story. On October 15, 2016, Lifetime aired a biopic about her life titled "." She was portrayed by Rhyon Nicole Brown. It tells the story of her abusive relationship with Dr. Dre and Suge Knight, her experiences with Ruthless Records, and the journey she went through to find herself. Her intentions with the biopic is to help encourage other victims of domestic violence.


title: Michel'le

text: Michel'le met Dr. Dre, whose real name is Andre Romelle Young, at 16 years old when doing a vocal part for a group known as the World Class Wreckin' Cru. The song was titled as "Turn Off the Lights" and was released in 1987. It later peaked at No. 54 on the Billboard Charts. They began dating a few months after meeting one another. Michel'le was 16 and later turned 17 in December, and Dre, who had a baby on the way from a previous relationship, was 22. The couple later became engaged and had their son, Marcel, in February 1991. Marcel was Michel'le's first child and Dr. Dre's sixth. After their son was born, their relationship became more strained due to Dr. Dre's drinking, infidelity and volatile behavior. Michel'le has stated that Dre was physically abusive throughout their relationship. Her injuries included a broken nose (which she had to have surgically corrected), a cracked rib and five black eyes. She recalled on "The Breakfast Club" After one argument Dre shot at Michel'le, missing her by inches. She left the bullet in the door for him to see and said, "he never tried to shoot me anymore. Thank God. But the beatings were—it was a lot… His last wife, I just couldn't do it anymore. It's too much." She then began to self medicate with prescription pills and alcohol. Michel'le left Dre after she discovered that he was engaged to another woman.


title: Michel'le

text: At her lowest point with Dre, Death Row Records CEO/co-founder Suge Knight stepped in to help get Michel'le clean by sending her to rehab. In 1999, Michel'le married Suge while he was in prison. She filed for divorce six years later. Michel'le discovered that her marriage to Suge was invalid through the divorce process because he was still married to his ex-wife Sharitha. Michel'le stated Suge hit her once, dislocating her jaw. They have a daughter, Bailei (b. 2002). In 2009, Michel'le went to court over unpaid spousal and child support from Suge.


title: Michel'le

text: In 2015, after Dre was criticized for omitting his past of abusing women in the film "Straight Outta Compton", he issued a statement to "The New York Times" apologizing to the women he has hurt. Michel'le did not think the apology was genuine and said she believed he released the statement to protect his brand. "He apologized to the public. I don't think that was an apology to me, because if it was, he would've either called me without the public and said 'Michel'le, I am so sorry for what I did to you 20-something years ago,' that's an apology," she said.


title: John Rzeznik

text: John Joseph Theodore Rzeznik (; born December 5, 1965) is an American singer-songwriter, best known as the founder, guitarist and frontman of the American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, with whom he has recorded 14 studio albums.


title: John Rzeznik

text: Rzeznik was born in Buffalo, New York, the youngest of five children and only son of Edith (née Pomeroy) and Joe Rzeznik, a bar proprietor and postal clerk. Both of Rzeznik's parents were musicians, playing the clarinet and flute. Rzeznik had a strict Catholic upbringing in Buffalo's working-class East Side Polish neighborhood and attended Corpus Christi Grammar School. All four of Rzeznik's grandparents were born in Poland. The original pronunciation of his last name Rzeźnik is "Zhezh-neek" (zh as in bei"ge") , Polish for "butcher".


title: John Rzeznik

text: Rzeznik's father died at the age of 53 on February 2, 1981, from a diabetic coma when Rzeznik was 15 years old. On October 26, 1982, his mother died at the age of 51 from a sudden heart attack in the family's living room. Having lost both of his parents, he was brought up by his four older sisters, Phyllis, Fran, Gladys and Kate, with help from their cousin, John Guljas. He paid for his own apartment using Social Security Survivor Benefit checks. It was during this period and while attending McKinley Vocational High School that Rzeznik began playing the guitar. He briefly attended Buffalo State College, dropping out after his first year.


title: John Rzeznik

text: In 1985, Rzeznik formed the band that became the Goo Goo Dolls with Robby Takac. Previously Rzeznik had been in a band with Takac's cousin, called The Beaumonts.


title: John Rzeznik

text: In the early days of The Goo Goo Dolls, the band performed at gigs relentlessly, with Takac as the frontman (Rzeznik gradually becoming the frontman over the next few albums, as each new album contained more songs sung by Rzeznik than the last). They were soon picked up by a small record label, Celluloid. Under Celluloid, they released their first eponymous album on a $750 budget (later the re-prints would be referred to as "First Release"). This attracted the attention of a larger record label, Metal Blade, who released their next few albums.


title: John Rzeznik

text: For the next few years, the band toured and worked on new material. The band received early success with the single "Name" as well as being featured in "" with the song "I'm Awake Now". Fast forward to their album Dizzy Up The Girl, the single "Iris" became a critical success due in large part to the release of the film "City of Angels" and it being a featured music video for the film.


title: John Rzeznik

text: Following the album "Gutterflower", Rzeznik wrote "Always Know Where You Are" and "I'm Still Here" for the Disney film "Treasure Planet", which were also released as a single independently from the band.


title: John Rzeznik

text: From October to December 2007, Rzeznik was a judge alongside Sheila E. and Australian Idol judge and marketing manager Ian "Dicko" Dickson on the Fox network's The Next Great American Band.


title: John Rzeznik

text: On June 19, 2008, Rzeznik was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and was awarded the Hal David Starlight Award.


title: John Rzeznik

text: On March 24, 2014, Cash Cash released their new single "Lightning". The single featured Rzeznik on vocals and was written by Cash Cash and Rzeznik together.


title: John Rzeznik

text: On November 29, 2020, he participated in a virtual fundraiser to help combat hunger and raise money for the Community Foodbank of New Jersey.


title: John Rzeznik

text: Most of the music Rzeznik listened to while growing up was influenced by his sisters, and consisted of classic rock such as The Rolling Stones and The Kinks. The youngest of his four older sisters moved towards punk music and Rzeznik became interested in bands such as Ramones and The Clash. Rzeznik attributes his gift for melody to listening to bands such as Kiss, Cheap Trick, The Cure and Rush in the early 1980s. Rzeznik also cites Paul Westerberg as an "obvious influence" on his music. Westerberg co-wrote the 1993 Goo Goo Dolls song "We Are the Normal" with Rzeznik, who reflected on the experience by stating "To some people, Keith Richards is their hero. I feel that way about Westerberg. Keith Richards got to do his thing with Chuck Berry, and I got to do it with Westerberg. That was amazing to me."


title: John Rzeznik

text: Rzeznik believes writing is not just an inspirational act but that writing music is "ninety nine percent perspiration." He says that when writing a song, he often "runs tape and screws around with stuff," and his songs are often both biographical and autobiographical. According to Rzeznik, before penning down the song "Iris", he was on the verge of leaving the band because he had been writing songs for the past nine years and it had been a low. However, Rzeznik was approached for writing the soundtrack of the movie "City of Angels", and after watching the movie, Rzeznik penned down the song, which changed the band's career.


title: John Rzeznik

text: Rzeznik is known for his use of alternate guitar tunings in his songs. Rzeznik has said that he would "basically sit there at night and just start tuning my guitar strings up and down until something sounded really cool." For example, "Iris" is played with the guitar tuned to BDDDDD.


title: John Rzeznik

text: At the 2004 Fashion Rocks! concert in New York, Rzeznik performed a duet version of the song Iris with Canadian pop-punk singer Avril Lavigne.


title: John Rzeznik

text: The Goo Goo Dolls also performed the song "Name" at a live concert with LeAnn Rimes. Rzeznik also performed Pink Floyd's "Wish You Were Here" with Fred Durst from Limp Bizkit for the victims of September 11 as a tribute to the heroes.


title: John Rzeznik

text: On July 4, 2004, Rzeznik and his bandmates returned home to Buffalo and played a free show to give back to their loyal fans, over 60,000 of whom attended. The day quickly became a city triumph when rain came pouring down during their performance. It turned out to be one of the strongest rainstorms of the year in Buffalo, but the Goo Goo Dolls did not stop playing. Rzeznik declared, "We're going to keep going until this shit stops". This performance was captured on DVD and CD for the public in the Goo Goo Dolls release "".


title: John Rzeznik

text: After the Goo Goo Dolls' equipment was stolen from a van in New York City (including Rzeznik's Marshall JCM800 amplifier and his only guitar at the time), following the recording of their 1989 album, "Jed", a custom, yellow Stratocaster-style guitar (later nicknamed "Boing") was made for Rzeznik by ESP. Now without an amplifier, Rzeznik borrowed a near-identical Marshall JCM800 from a mutual friend of the band, Charles Root. This amp was then used to record Hold Me Up and Superstar Car Wash. Since the late '90s, Rzeznik has used Fender electric guitars. He has used many variations such as the Stratocaster, Telecaster, Jaguar and a "Halfcaster" (a Stratocaster cut in half). He also used Guild acoustic guitars on the "Dizzy Up the Girl" and "Gutterflower" tours. Rzeznik noted in a 2003 interview that "No matter what guitar I have, it seems that anything with strings makes music to my ears."


title: John Rzeznik

text: Rzeznik met former model Laurie Farinacci in 1990, married her in 1993 but divorced in 2003; they did not have any children. He started dating Melina Gallo in 2005 and married her in Malibu, California, on July 26, 2013. On December 22, 2016, he and Gallo had their first child, a daughter, Liliana. Rzeznik and his family reside in Westfield, New Jersey.


title: John Rzeznik

text: Rzeznik is a recovering alcoholic. In a 2018 interview, he reported that he had been sober for nearly four years.


title: Elfen Lied

text: The series' title is German for "Elves' Song" or more formally "song of the elves'" and takes its name from the song "Elfenlied", which is featured in the story. "Elfen Lied" involves themes of discrimination, social alienation, identity, prejudice, revenge, abuse, jealousy, regret, and the value of humanity. It is also noted for the graphic violence, emotional themes of how the characters change through, and the overall transgressive subject matter of the whole story.


title: Elfen Lied

text: A 13-episode anime television series adaptation was produced by the studio Arms and broadcast on AT-X from July to October 2004. The anime finished airing before the manga was complete; as a result, the plot differed between the two, especially the ending. The manga is licensed in North America by Dark Horse Comics. The anime series has been licensed in North America by ADV Films and in Australia by Madman Entertainment.


title: Elfen Lied

text: "Elfen Lied" takes place in Kamakura and Kanagawa, and focuses on the "Diclonius", a newly mutated species. Their appearance is similar to humans, but with several differences, namely horn-like protrusions on the forehead and the presence of telekinetic invisible arms called "Vectors". One such Diclonius, Lucy, is the main character of the series: Initially held in a facility built for experimentation, located off the coast of Kamakura, she manages to escape and wreak havoc, but is injured in the process, an event which causes her to develop a secondary, childlike personality known as Nyu.


title: Elfen Lied

text: Lucy is found by two locals, Kouta, who studies at the local university, and his cousin Yuka. They take her in, and become involved with the numerous, often brutal, attempts to recapture her by a Special Assault Team and a number of other Diclonius, who shift frequently from oblivious to murderous.


title: Elfen Lied

text: Much of the plot of "Elfen Lied" revolves around the Diclonii species, which strongly resemble humans; the only obvious difference is the two horn-like protrusions extending from the temporal bone and parietal bone regions of the skull.


title: Elfen Lied

text: Diclonii powers involve the use of invisible arms, known as "vectors", that can grasp and impact things as if they are solid, but also become insubstantial and pass through objects. They can slice objects as well, which is how Diclonii usually kill their victims. Vectors usually have a limited range of a few meters, but the length varies among each Diclonius. Diclonii also demonstrate the ability to sense one another.


title: Elfen Lied

text: A key point of debate throughout the series is the Diclonius propensity towards violence. Many have a vendetta against humans, and have ambitions to wipe out the human race and populate the world with their own species. It is disputed and contradicted during the series as to how Diclonii develop their violent behavior, whether it is part of their genetic code or whether it stems from abuse by humans.


title: Elfen Lied

text: If a Diclonius vector penetrates or even so much as touches a human male body, the "vector virus" is transferred to the human, causing their children to be born as Diclonii (when born from humans, they are called "Silpelits"). An incident involving the escape of a child Diclonius during Kurama's early years, where the Diclonius' vectors penetrated him without causing him pain, resulted in Mariko being born a Diclonius and Kurama taking precautions against a recurrence by urging Bando to be sterilized. All Diclonii (Silpelits) born from human parents are sterile and female. There is only one Diclonius that is actually capable of reproducing: Lucy, the "queen".


title: Elfen Lied

text: When "Elfen Lied" was being adapted into an anime series, director Mamoru Kanbe was recommended to work on the series by the series composer, Takao Yoshioka. Yoshioka believed that Kanbe's general drawing style and composition would be ideal to adapt the manga, still in publication at the time, into an anime series. Kanbe himself, originally reluctant about joining the production, gained interest in it upon reading the manga.


title: Elfen Lied

text: While the manga was still ongoing at the time, Kanbe and the production team were forced to condense the plot of the series into thirteen episodes, even though they felt it was necessary to make more as several significant plot details in the manga which Kanbe felt he could have used to make the series more emotive were left out.


title: Elfen Lied

text: According to Kanbe, he considered "Elfen Lied" as a "love story," and he wanted to "bring viewers to tears." Thus, he made attempts throughout the series to provide a contrast of emotions, commenting that he could make the violence exemplify this throughout the series. The production team were originally surprised by Okamoto's choice of Kamakura as a setting for the series; however, after several visits to the area, Kanbe commented that the setting in Kamakura was, according to the production team, ideal for the poignant and reflective drama in the series to unfold, as its general tranquility and geography made for a reflective and yet eerie, deep-meaning backdrop to the series. This can be seen in several examples, such as on top of a set of steps overlooking the coastline, where many of the interactions between characters take place. This is used as an important device in conveying the ideas of memory and emotional association, such as the contrast between Kohta and Lucy's conversation when they were ten years old in comparison with their conversation in the final episode.


title: Elfen Lied

text: In comments made by director Mamoru Kanbe on the "Elfen Lied" website, he stated that he intended for the anime to question and discuss values relating to the way in which humans divide each other by difference, as well as the belief that atrocities such as those committed by Lucy in the series are strongly influenced by the way in which people are treated by their fellow beings. The series frequently discusses the events and treatment which define the human character in such a way, and the problems which arise from discrimination, as well as the wild contrasts between compassion and vengeance between fellow humans, through the strong vengeance of Lucy compared with her past memory of Kohta. Many of the themes are mentioned at the teasers at the ends of episodes.


title: Elfen Lied

text: Themes such as genocide and the attempts to "purify" the earth from each other also appear in the anime. Both Diclonius and the human species feel the need to populate the earth with their own and wipe the other out. Kanbe quoted this in relation to the desire of humans to cast each other out and segregate one another.


title: Elfen Lied

text: Throughout the series, there is a great deal of blood and gore, graphic violence as well as psychological violence. One of the most prevalent motifs of the series is the humanity of the Diclonius, especially contrasted against the inhumanity of ordinary people. One reviewer described the series as "devoted to quite a few of the darker, more callous factors of human nature." Throughout the series there are various incidences of casual beatings, cruel experimentation, and outright killing. Also, animal cruelty is present when three young boys mercilessly beat Lucy's puppy until it dies; though the act is off-screen, a copious amount of blood is shown; which drives Lucy to murder the bullies out of revenge and insanity.


title: Elfen Lied

text: The opening and ending sequences feature artistic drawings of the principal characters. These characters are drawn in a style based on Gustav Klimt's paintings, including "The Kiss", "Adele Bloch-Bauer I", and others with similar imitating poses, colors, and patterns. In promotional art as well as in the series itself, characters make use of a famous El Greco hand symbol of outstretched fingers with the middle and ring fingers connected. The song "Elfenlied" ("Elf Song") appears in the manga and is credited to the composer Hugo Wolf. A poem by Eduard Mörike is the basis for Wolf's version. It is taught to Nyu by the manga-only protagonist Nozomi.


title: Elfen Lied

text: Written and illustrated by Lynn Okamoto, "Elfen Lied" was serialized in Shueisha's "seinen" manga magazine "Weekly Young Jump" from June 6, 2002, to August 25, 2005. Shueisha collected its 107 chapters in twelve "tankōbon" volumes released from October 18, 2002, to November 18, 2005.


title: Elfen Lied

text: The manga has been licensed by Dark Horse Comics in North America, who published the series in a four-volume omnibus edition from May 22, 2019, to September 9, 2020.


title: Elfen Lied

text: A 13-episode anime television series was directed by Mamoru Kanbe, animated by Arms and produced by Genco and VAP. The series' author, Lynn Okamoto, has a brief cameo appearance as a guest in episode 12. "Elfen Lied" first aired on TV Tokyo's AT-X satellite channel from July 25 to October 17, 2004, and was broadcast again in 2005. A single twenty-four-minute original video animation (OVA) episode was released by VAP on April 21, 2005. It takes place somewhere within the timespan of episode eleven of the original TV series. The anime's opening theme song is "Lilium" performed by opera singer Kumiko Noma and is sung in Latin, with lyrics extracted from biblical passages and Christian sources, including the Book of Psalms, the Epistle of James, the Kyrie prayer, and the hymn "Ave mundi spes Maria". The ending theme song is "Be Your Girl" by Chieko Kawabe. The series was released on Blu-ray in Japan on December 19, 2012.


title: Elfen Lied

text: The anime was licensed by ADV Films in the US in 2004 and was released on DVD in 2005. ADV Films said the series was one of their bestselling and "most notorious" releases of 2005. During the "Anime Boston 2006" (May 26–28) convention, ADV Films also announced the distribution rights of the OVA for release in the United States. However, the OVA was never released on television and was not included with the box set released by ADV Films in November 2006 or in the "Complete Collection" DVDs released in June 2009 and December 2011. When ADV Films divided their assets, "Elfen Lied" was remained with them and in-print. A Blu-ray Disc box set (as well as a new DVD set) was released on September 3, 2013, by ADV and Section23 Films, making it the only Blu-ray release under the ADV brand, and contains the never-before released OVA. In Australia, the series was licensed by Madman Entertainment.


title: Elfen Lied

text: The series was aired in the United Kingdom on Propeller TV (Sky) as part of Anime Network's short-lived launch in the United Kingdom. The series was aired uncut despite stricter censorship standard imposed by OFCOM on UK cable TV. The Anime Network is streaming the series On Demand in English, German, and French. The DVD box set released by ADV Films confirms that the series has a rating of TV-MA SV; the Canadian rating is 14A.


title: Elfen Lied

text: In a post to the now defunct official Adult Swim message board in April 2006, Adult Swim programming director Kim Manning revealed that despite the series' high level of controversial content, the network actually inquired into the possibility of airing the series, as Manning was an avid fan herself and watched the entire series in one sitting. However, the channel's Broadcast Standards and Practices department would have required the series to be so extensively edited ("it would have been cut to shreds", she described in the post) in order to air that it would have been "unintelligible". Ultimately, Adult Swim decided not to air it to preserve and respect the original quality of the series.


title: Elfen Lied

text: Reviewing the first English omnibus volume of "Elfen Lied", Anime UK News gave it an 8 out of 10 rating and noted that it is much more detailed than the anime adaptation by explaining what Diclonius are and showing more of the characters' inner thoughts. Although, they stated that the beginning of the anime had "more punch." Anime UK News criticized Okamoto's art as poor throughout the book, but enjoyed the extra unrelated stories included at the end. Comic Buzz called it a "great read from start to finish" and gave it a 9/10 rating. They felt the art style changed with the characters' emotions and said it reminded them variously of "Neon Genesis Evangelion" and the work of Junji Ito. Rai of TheOASG gave the omnibus a 3 out of 5 star rating, criticizing the art and fan service, and overall preferred the anime which she acknowledged having bias for.


title: Elfen Lied

text: Reception for the "Elfen Lied" anime was generally mixed to positive. Reviewers such as Tasha Robinson of "Sci Fi Weekly" and Theron Martin of "Anime News Network" praised "Elfen Lied" for its story and technical excellence in production quality, animation and color. Due to the many scenes of nudity and gore, Dominic Laeno of "THEM Anime Reviews" criticized the series as being "overly blatant." Martin criticized the anime for having "sub-par voice acting" in both the original Japanese audio track and the English dub of the series, although he gave it an "A−" rating for both language dubs. Martin also said that the series "ends abruptly with some loose ends to the story that could leave viewers unsatisfied," but also called it "a horror series of exceptional merit." Laeno called the series "a genuinely good watch." Stig Høgset, also of "THEM Anime Reviews", called "Elfen Lied" "a very special show, good and bad parts taken into consideration."


title: Elfen Lied

text: The Duffer Brothers have cited "Elfen Lied" as an influence on their 2016 Netflix show "Stranger Things". They said that "Elfen Lied" was like an "ultraviolent "E.T."" and noted that the character Eleven was inspired by the anime. The Duffer Brothers also cited the influence of "Akira", which they felt had in turn influenced "Elfen Lied".


title: Elfen Lied

text: On June 12, 2015, the Chinese Ministry of Culture listed "Elfen Lied" among 38 anime and manga titles banned in China.


title: Brian Molko

text: Brian Molko (born 10 December 1972) is a Belgian-born Scottish-American musician and songwriter. He is best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist, and lyricist of the band Placebo. He is known in particular for his distinctive nasal, high-pitched vocals, previously feminine/androgynous appearance, aggressive guitar style, and unique tunings.


title: Brian Molko

text: Molko was born in Brussels, Belgium, to an American Jewish father of French and Italian heritage and a Scottish mother. He has an older brother named Stuart. Molko's family moved frequently during his childhood due to his father's career as a banker; the family lived in Dundee in Scotland, Liberia, Lebanon, the village of Longeau in Belgium, before eventually settling in the town of Sandweiler, in Luxembourg.


title: Brian Molko

text: Although Molko was brought up in a strict household that disapproved of artistic expression (his father wanted him to become a banker), he rebelled by assuming an androgynous image, wearing nail polish, lipstick, and eyeliner, and listening to punk music.


title: Brian Molko

text: He initially attended the European School of Luxembourg (ESL), but left because he was bullied. He completed his secondary education at the American International School of Luxembourg (AISL), before studying drama at Goldsmiths College in London.


title: Brian Molko

text: Although Molko and Placebo co-founder Stefan Olsdal had both attended the American International School of Luxembourg (AISL), they had not been friends. When Molko was living in London, he ran into Olsdal at South Kensington tube station and invited him to one of his gigs he played with Steve Hewitt in a group called Ashtray Heart.


title: Brian Molko

text: Along with Hewitt and Olsdal, Molko had a role in the 1998 film "Velvet Goldmine", for which Placebo performed the T. Rex song "20th Century Boy". He played Malcolm, a singer of the fictional glam rock band, "The Flaming Creatures", who resembled the early Alice Cooper band.


title: Brian Molko

text: During Placebo's live performances Molko has played a number of instruments, including guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, harmonica and saxophone.


title: Brian Molko

text: Molko is openly bisexual, a theme which was reflected in some of his earlier lyrics with Placebo. Molko was previously in a relationship with Helena Berg with whom he has a son, Cody Molko, who was born in 2005. Cody is now an actor and appeared in the television series "The Drowning".


title: Brian Molko

text: Molko has been open about his use of recreational drugs: in a 1997 interview with "Kerrang!" magazine he admitted that heroin was "probably the only drug on this planet I haven't tried". However, he later admitted to using heroin as well. Pharmaceutical drugs are also referenced, as evidenced by the band's name as well as the album "Meds" and its title track. Molko admitted in 2003 that many of his initial excesses were due to his mental health issues; he was officially diagnosed with major depressive disorder in his late twenties. He claimed in 2016 that he gave up drugs completely after the recording and release of "Meds".


title: Brian Molko

text: In December 2012 Molko received an Honorary Fellowship from Goldsmiths College, University of London.


title: Brian Molko

text: In March 2021 Brian was featured in Marc Jacobs "Heaven" collection with a campaign shot taken by Harley Weir.


title: Brian Molko

text: Molko wrote the English lyrics to "Pink Water 3", a song by Indochine from the album "Alice & June", released in 2005.


title: Brian Molko

text: Molko was friends with David Bowie; Bowie sang on Placebo's "Without You I'm Nothing" and on the "20th Century Boy" cover live.


title: Brian Molko

text: Molko uses a variety of guitars. In the "Sleeping With Ghosts" era, he used Gibson SGs ("The Bitter End", "Every You Every Me", "Plasticine", "Black-Eyed", "Without You I'm Nothing", "Special K", "Bulletproof Cupid", "Soulmates/Sleeping With Ghosts", "Special Needs", "This Picture"), Fender Jaguars ("Allergic", "Nancy Boy", "Bionic", "Centrefolds"), a Fender Thinline Telecaster ("Taste in Men"), a Fender Jazzmaster ("Pure Morning"), and a Fender Bass VI ("Slave to the Wage"). For amplification he used a Marshall 6100LM.


title: Brian Molko

text: Through the "Meds" tour, he used Gretsch Duo Jets ("Infra-Red", "Because I Want You", "Song to Say Goodbye", "One of a Kind", "The Bitter End", "Running Up that Hill", "Special K"), Gibson SGs ("Special Needs", "Every You Every Me", "Black-Eyed", "Without You I'm Nothing"), a Fender Jaguar ("Drag", "Nancy Boy", "I Know"), a Fender Thinline Telecaster ("Twenty Years", "Taste in Men"), and a Gibson Chet Atkins SST ("Meds"). His amplifier was a Fender Twin Reverb.


title: Brian Molko

text: In the "Battle for the Sun" tour, he still used Gretsch Duo Jets ("Devil in the Details", "Come Undone", "Follow The Cops Back Home"), a Gibson SG ("Bright Lights"), Fender Cyclone ("Ashtray Heart", "The Never-Ending Why", "Breathe Underwater", "Teenage Angst"), a Gibson Les Paul ("For What It's Worth", "Speak in Tongues", "Julien", "Meds"), a Fender Telecaster Thinline ("Kitty Litter"), and a Fender Toronado ("Battle for the Sun"). His pedalboard consisted of a Boss TU-2 chromatic tuner, Electro Harmonix Holy Grail reverb, MXR Phase 90 phaser, two Electro Harmonix Hot Tubes distortion units, Boss DD-3 delay, MXR Distortion + booster, MG Monovibe chorus/vibrato, Electro Harmonix No. 1 Echo delay and a Radial Loopbone effect chain switcher.


title: Claude Rains

text: William Claude Rains (10 November 188930 May 1967) was a British actor whose career spanned almost seven decades. After his American film debut as Dr. Jack Griffin in "The Invisible Man" (1933), he appeared in such highly regarded films as "The Adventures of Robin Hood" (1938), "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington" (1939), "The Wolf Man" (1941), "Casablanca" and "Kings Row" (both 1942), "Notorious" (1946), "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962), and "The Greatest Story Ever Told" (1965).


title: Claude Rains

text: He was a Tony Award-winning actor and was a four-time nominee for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Rains was considered to be "one of the screen's great character stars" who was, according to the "All-Movie Guide", "at his best when playing cultured villains". During his lengthy career, he was greatly admired by many of his acting colleagues, such as Bette Davis, Vincent Sherman, Ronald Neame, Albert Dekker, Peter O'Toole, John Gielgud, Charles Laughton and Richard Chamberlain.


title: Claude Rains

text: William Claude Rains was born on 10 November 1889 at 26 Tregothnan Road in Clapham, London. His parents were Emily Eliza (née Cox) and the stage actor Frederick William Rains. He lived in the slums of London, and, in his own words, on "the wrong side of the River Thames". Rains was one of twelve children, all but three dying of malnutrition when still infants. His mother took in boarders in order to support the family. According to his daughter, Jessica Rains, he grew up with "a very serious Cockney accent and a speech impediment" which took the form of a stutter, causing him to call himself "Willie Wains". His accent was so strong that his daughter could not understand a word he said when he used it to sing old Cockney songs to her or purposely used it to playfully annoy her. Rains left school after the third year to sell newspapers so that he could bring the pennies and halfpennies home for his mother. He sang in the Farm Street Church choir, which also brought him a few pence to take home.


title: Claude Rains

text: Because his father was an actor, the young Rains would spend time in theatres and was surrounded by actors and stagehands. There he observed actors as well as the day-to-day running of a theatre. Rains made his stage debut at age ten in the play "Sweet Nell of Old Drury" at the Haymarket Theatre, so that he could run around onstage as part of the production. He slowly worked his way up in the theatre, becoming a call boy (telling actors when they were due on stage) at His Majesty's Theatre and later a prompter, stage manager, understudy, and then moving on from smaller parts with good reviews to larger, better parts.


title: Claude Rains

text: Rains moved to America in 1912 owing to the opportunities that were being offered in the New York theatres. However, at the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he returned to England to serve in the London Scottish Regiment, alongside fellow actors Basil Rathbone, Ronald Colman, Herbert Marshall and Cedric Hardwicke. In November 1916, Rains was involved in a gas attack at Vimy, which resulted in his permanently losing 90 percent of the vision in his right eye as well as suffering vocal cord damage. He never returned to combat but continued to serve with the Bedfordshire Regiment. By the end of the war, he had risen to the rank of captain.


title: Claude Rains

text: After the war ended, Rains remained in England and continued to develop his acting talents. These talents were recognised by Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree, the founder of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Tree told Rains that in order to succeed as an actor, he would have to get rid of his Cockney accent and speech impediment. With this in mind, Tree paid for the elocution books and lessons that Rains needed to help him change his voice. Rains eventually shed his accent and speech impediment after practising every day. His daughter Jessica, when describing her father's voice, said, "The interesting thing to me was that he became a different person. He became a very elegant man, with a really extraordinary Mid-Atlantic accent. It was 'his' voice, nobody else spoke like that, half American, half English and a little Cockney thrown in." Soon after changing his accent, he became recognised as one of the leading stage actors in London. At age 29, he played the role of Clarkis in his only silent film, the British film "Build Thy House" (1920).


title: Claude Rains

text: During his early years, Rains taught at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA). John Gielgud and Charles Laughton were among his students. In an interview for Turner Classic Movies, Gielgud fondly remembered Rains:


title: Claude Rains

text: I learnt a great deal about acting from this gentleman. Claude Rains was one of my teachers at RADA. In fact he was one of the best and most popular teachers there. He was extremely attractive and needless to say, all the girls in my class were hopelessly in love with him. He had piercing dark eyes and a beautifully throaty voice, although he had, like Marlene Dietrich, some trouble with the letter 'R'. He lacked inches and wore lifts to his shoes to increase his height. Stocky but handsome, Rains had broad shoulders and a mop of thick brown hair which he brushed over one eye. But by the time I first met him in the 1920s he was already much in demand as a character actor in London. I found him enormously helpful and encouraging to work with. I was always trying to copy him in my first years as an actor, until I decided to imitate Noël Coward instead.


title: Claude Rains

text: In London theatre, he achieved success in the title role of John Drinkwater's play "Ulysses S. Grant", the follow-up to the same playwright's "Abraham Lincoln". Rains portrayed Faulkland in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's "The Rivals", presented at London's Lyric Theatre in 1925. He returned to New York City in 1927 and appeared in nearly 20 Broadway roles, in plays which included George Bernard Shaw's "The Apple Cart" and dramatisations of "The Constant Nymph" and Pearl S. Buck's novel "The Good Earth" (as a Chinese farmer).


title: Claude Rains

text: Although he had played the single supporting role in the silent, "Build Thy House" (1920), Rains came relatively late to film acting. While working for the Theatre Guild, he was offered a screen test with Universal Pictures in 1932. His screen test for "A Bill of Divorcement" (1932) for a New York representative of RKO was a failure but, according to some accounts, led to his being cast in the title role of James Whale's "The Invisible Man" (1933) after his screen test and unique voice were inadvertently overheard from the next room. His agent, Harold Freedman, was a family friend of Carl Laemmle, who controlled Universal Pictures at the time, and had been acquainted with Rains in London and was keen to cast him in the role. According to Rains' daughter, this was the only film of his he ever saw. He also did not go to see the rushes of the day's filming "because he told me, every time he went he was horrified by his huge face on the huge screen, that he just never went back again."


title: Claude Rains

text: Rains signed a long-term contract with Warner Bros. on 27 November 1935 with Warner able to exercise the right to loan him to other studios and Rains having a potential income of up to $750,000 over seven years. He played the villainous role of Prince John in "The Adventures of Robin Hood" (1938). Roddy McDowall once asked Rains if he had intentionally lampooned Bette Davis in his performance as Prince John, and Rains' only smiled "an enigmatic smile." Rains later revealed to his daughter that he'd enjoyed playing the prince as a homosexual, by using subtle mannerisms. Rains later credited the film's co-director Michael Curtiz with teaching him the more understated requirements of film acting, or "what not to do in front of a camera." On loan to Columbia Pictures, he portrayed a corrupt U.S. senator in "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington" (1939), for which he received his first Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor. For Warner Bros., he played Dr. Alexander Tower, who commits murder-suicide to spare his daughter a life of insanity in "Kings Row" (1942) and the cynical police chief Captain Renault in "Casablanca" (also 1942). On loan again, Rains played the title character in Universal's remake of "Phantom of the Opera" (1943).


title: Claude Rains

text: In her 1987 memoir, "This 'N That", Bette Davis revealed that Rains (with whom she shared the screen four times in "Juarez"; "Now, Voyager"; "Mr. Skeffington"; and "Deception") was her favorite co-star. Rains became the first actor to receive a million-dollar salary when he portrayed Julius Caesar in a large-budget but unsuccessful version of Shaw's "Caesar and Cleopatra" (1945), filmed in Britain. Shaw apparently chose him for the part, although Rains intensely disliked Gabriel Pascal, the film's director and producer. Rains followed it with Alfred Hitchcock's "Notorious" (1946) as a refugee Nazi agent opposite Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman. Back in Britain, he appeared in David Lean's "The Passionate Friends" (1949).


title: Claude Rains

text: His only singing and dancing role was in a 1957 television musical version of Robert Browning's "The Pied Piper of Hamelin", with Van Johnson as the Piper. The NBC colour special, broadcast as a film rather than a live or videotaped programme, was highly successful with the public. Sold into syndication after its first telecast, it was repeated annually by many local US TV stations.


title: Claude Rains

text: Rains remained active as a character actor in the 1950s and 1960s, appearing in films and as a guest in television series.


title: Claude Rains

text: He ventured into science fiction for Irwin Allen's "The Lost World" (1960) and Antonio Margheriti's "Battle of the Worlds" (1961). Two of his late screen roles were as Dryden, a cynical British diplomat in "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962) and King Herod in "The Greatest Story Ever Told" (1965), his last film. In CBS's "Rawhide", he portrayed Alexander Langford, an attorney in a ghost town, in the episode "Incident of Judgement Day" (1963).


title: Claude Rains

text: He additionally made several audio recordings, narrating some Bible stories for children on Capitol Records, and reciting Richard Strauss's setting for narrator and piano of Tennyson's poem "Enoch Arden", with the piano solos performed by Glenn Gould. He starred in "The Jeffersonian Heritage", a 1952 series of 13 half-hour radio programmes recorded by the National Association of Educational Broadcasters and syndicated for commercial broadcast on a sustaining (i.e., commercial-free) basis.


title: Claude Rains

text: Davis later went on to describe him: "Claude was witty, amusing and beautiful, really beautiful, thoroughly enchanting to be with and brilliant." She also praised his performances: "He was marvelous in "Deception" and was worth the whole thing as the picture wasn't terribly good, but he was so marvelous and the restaurant scene where he's talking about all the food...brilliant, and of course in "Mr. Skeffington" he was absolutely brilliant as the husband, just brilliant."


title: Claude Rains

text: Richard Chamberlain worked with Rains in what would be his second-to-last film, "Twilight of Honor". In 2009, Chamberlain recorded a tribute to the actor when Rains was featured as Turner Classic Movies' Star of the Month:


title: Claude Rains

text: In "Twilight of Honor" Rains played a retired lawyer acting as a mentor to Chamberlain's character. Reminiscing about his work with Rains, Chamberlain said:


title: Claude Rains

text: Many years after Rains had gone to Hollywood and become a well-known film actor, John Gielgud commented, tongue-in-cheek, "There was somebody who taught me a very great deal at drama school, and I am certainly grateful to him for his kindness and consideration. His name was Claude Rains. I don't know whatever happened to him. I think he failed, and had to go to America." Gielgud later went on to recollect a time when he was in New York and in the audience during an event that included a focus on Bette Davis.


title: Claude Rains

text: Bette Davis often cited Rains as one of her favorite actors and colleagues. Gielgud said that he once wrote that "The London stage suffered a great loss when Claude Rains deserted it for motion pictures," and that he later added, "but when I see him now on the screen and remember him, I must admit that the London stage's loss was the cinema's gain. And the striking virtuosity that I witnessed as a young actor is now there for audiences everywhere to see for all time. I'm so glad of that."


title: Claude Rains

text: Rains became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1939. He married six times and was divorced from the first five of his wives: Isabel Jeans (married 1913–1915); Marie Hemingway (to whom Rains was married for less than a year in 1920); Beatrix Thomson (1924–8 April 1935); Frances Propper (9 April 1935 – 1956); and the classical pianist Agi Jambor (4 November 1959 – 1960). In 1960, he married Rosemary Clark Schrode, to whom he was married until her death on 31 December 1964. His only child, Jennifer, was the daughter of Frances Propper. As an actress, she is known as Jessica Rains.


title: Claude Rains

text: He acquired the Stock Grange Farm, built in 1747 in West Bradford Township, Pennsylvania (just outside Coatesville), in 1941. The farm became one of the "great prides" of his life. Here, he became a "gentleman farmer" and could relax and enjoy farming life with his then wife (Frances) churning the butter, their daughter collecting the eggs, with Rains himself ploughing the fields and cultivating the vegetable garden. He spent much of his time between film takes reading up on agricultural techniques to try when he got home. He sold the farm when his marriage to Propper ended in 1956; the building now, as then, is still referred to by locals as "Rains' Place". Rains spent his final years in Sandwich, New Hampshire.


title: Claude Rains

text: In his final years, he decided to write his memoirs and engaged the help of journalist Jonathan Root to assist him. Rains' declining health delayed their completion and with Root's death in March 1967 the project was never completed. A chronic alcoholic, Rains died from cirrhosis of the liver, having an abdominal hemorrhage in Laconia on 30May 1967, aged 77. His daughter said, "And, just like most actors, he died waiting for his agent to call." He was buried at the Red Hill Cemetery in Moultonborough, New Hampshire. He designed his own tombstone which reads "All things once, Are things forever, Soul, once living, lives forever".


title: Claude Rains

text: In 2010, many of Rains' personal effects were put into an auction at Heritage Auctions, including his 1951 Tony award, rare posters, letters and photographs. Also included in the auction were many volumes of his private leather-bound scrapbooks which contained many of his press cuttings and reviews from the beginning of his career. The majority of the items were used to help David J. Skal write his book on Rains, "An Actor's Voice". In 2011, the ivory military uniform (complete with medals) he wore as Captain Renault in "Casablanca" was put up for auction when noted actress and film historian Debbie Reynolds sold her collection of Hollywood costumes and memorabilia which she had amassed as a result of the 1970 MGM auction.


title: Claude Rains

text: Rains starred in multiple plays and productions over the course of his career, playing a variety of leading and supporting parts. As his film career began to flourish, he found less time to perform in the theatre in both England and America.


title: Cliff Martinez

text: Cliff Martinez (born February 5, 1954) is an American musician and composer. Early in his career, Martinez was known as a drummer notably with the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Captain Beefheart. Since the 1990s, he has worked primarily as a film score composer, writing music for "Spring Breakers", "The Foreigner", and multiple films by Steven Soderbergh ("Sex, Lies, and Videotape", "Solaris", "Contagion", and "Traffic") and Nicolas Winding Refn ("Drive", "Only God Forgives," "The Neon Demon" and the miniseries "Too Old to Die Young").


title: Cliff Martinez

text: On April 14, 2012, Martinez was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers.


title: Cliff Martinez

text: Martinez was born in the Bronx, New York. His grandfather migrated from a small village in Spain to the United States. Raised in Columbus, Ohio, his first job composing was for the popular television show "Pee Wee's Playhouse". At the time, however, he was more interested in rock bands, and played drums in a variety of them, mostly in a temporary capacity.


title: Cliff Martinez

text: After several years drumming for such acts as Captain Beefheart, The Dickies, Lydia Lunch and The Weirdos, in late 1983, he and Jack Sherman were drafted in to join the Red Hot Chili Peppers for the recording of their eponymous first album after Jack Irons and Hillel Slovak left the band to concentrate on their other project at the time, What Is This? Martinez again played on the recording of the band's second album "Freaky Styley" and its subsequent tour.


title: Cliff Martinez

text: In 2012 Martinez was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Martinez performed with the band for the first time in 26 years when he joined them along with former drummer Jack Irons on their song, "Give It Away" during the ceremony.


title: Cliff Martinez

text: Eventually, Martinez' interests shifted and he focused his attention toward film scoring. A tape Martinez had put together using new technologies made its rounds, leading him to score an episode of "Pee-Wee's Playhouse". The same recording also ended up in Steven Soderbergh's hands and Martinez was hired to score the famed director's first theatrical release, 1989's "Sex, Lies, and Videotape". Martinez's longstanding relationship with Soderbergh has continued through the years and they have worked together on ten theatrical releases including "Kafka", "The Limey", "Traffic", "Solaris" and 2011's "Contagion", as well the Cinemax series "The Knick".


title: Cliff Martinez

text: His nontraditional scores tend towards being stark and sparse, utilizing a modern tonal palette to paint the backdrop for films that are often dark, psychological stories like "Pump Up the Volume" (1990), "The Limey" (1999) "Wonderland" (2003), "Wicker Park" (2004) and "Drive" (2011). Martinez has been nominated for a Grammy Award (Steven Soderbergh's "Traffic"), a Cesar Award (Xavier Giannoli's "À L'origine"), and a Broadcast Film Critics Award ("Drive"). He earned a Robert Award (Danish Academy Award) for his work on "Only God Forgives".


title: Cliff Martinez

text: Martinez's use of audio manipulations, particularly for percussive sounds, has been evolving through the years and is evident by the hammered dulcimer of "Kafka" (1991), the gray-areas between sound design and score for "Traffic" (2000), the steel drums and textures of "Solaris" (2002), what Martinez called "rhythmi-tizing pitched, ambient textures" of "Narc" (2002), and "using percussion performances to trigger and shape the rhythmic and tonal characteristics of those ambient textures," as he described his score for 2011's "The Lincoln Lawyer".


title: Cliff Martinez

text: Martinez served as a juror for the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and served on the International Feature nominating committee for 2011 Film Independent Spirit Awards. Martinez's recent films include Robert Redford's "The Company You Keep", Nicholas Jarecki's "Arbitrage", Harmony Korine's "Spring Breakers" (co-composed with Skrillex), and Nicolas Winding Refn's "Only God Forgives" and "The Neon Demon".


title: Cliff Martinez

text: Martinez composed the main menu music titled "Galaxy Theme" for "Spore" in 2008. In 2014, Martinez also composed the title score for "Far Cry 4".


title: Cliff Martinez

text: In 2013, Martinez scored the "Fly Beyond" Grey Goose vodka commercial. Martinez also composed two songs, "Vibe" and "Kotopulse", for the 2014 Lincoln Motor Company advertising campaign featuring Matthew McConaughey.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Hyperthymesia, also known as hyperthymestic syndrome or highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM), is a condition that leads people to be able to remember an abnormally large number of their life experiences in vivid detail. It is extraordinarily rare, with only 61 people in the world having been diagnosed with the condition as of 2021.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: American neurobiologists Elizabeth Parker, Larry Cahill, and James McGaugh (2006) identified two defining characteristics of hyperthymesia: spending an excessive amount of time thinking about one's past, and displaying an extraordinary ability to recall specific events from one's past. The authors wrote that they derived the word from Ancient Greek: "hyper-" ("excessive") and "thymesis" ("remembering"), but there is no such word as "thymesis"; it may allude to the Greek "enthymesis", which means "consideration", and is derived from "thymos" "mind".


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Individuals with hyperthymesia can extensively recall the events of their lives, as well as public events that hold some personal significance to them. Those affected describe their memories as uncontrollable associations; when they encounter a date, they "see" a vivid depiction of that day in their heads without hesitation or conscious effort. While memories are reported as vivid, they are not exact recordings of all experiences, as seen in the case of Jill Price, then anonymised as "AJ": Although she describes her mind like having a movie running, she is not recording her world verbatim in its totality. One day after several hours together, she was asked to close her eyes and tell what her two interviewers were wearing. She was unable to do so.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: There is a distinction between those with hyperthymesia and those with other forms of exceptional memory, who generally use mnemonic or similar rehearsal strategies to memorize long strings of information. Memories recalled by hyperthymestic individuals tend to be personal, autobiographical accounts of both significant and mundane events in their lives. This extensive and highly unusual memory does not derive from the use of mnemonic strategies; it is encoded involuntarily and retrieved automatically. Despite perhaps being able to remember the day of the week on which a particular date fell, hyperthymestics are not calendrical calculators, like some people with savant syndrome. Rather, hyperthymestic recall tends to be constrained to a person's lifetime and is believed to be a subconscious process.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Although people showing a high level of hyperthymesia are not regarded as autistic, certain similarities exist between the two conditions. Like autistic savants, some individuals with hyperthymesia may also have an unusual and obsessive interest in dates. As the first documented hyperthymestic, Jill Price was quite different from the famous case of mnemonist Solomon Shereshevsky (as documented by psychologist Alexander Luria). Shereshevsky could memorize virtually unlimited amounts of information deliberately, while Price could not – she could only remember autobiographical information (and events she had personally seen on the news or read about). In fact, she was not very good at memorizing anything at all, according to the study published in "Neurocase". Hyperthymestic individuals appear to have poorer than average memory for arbitrary information. Another striking parallel drawn between the two cases was that Shereshevsky exemplified an interesting case of synesthesia and it has been suggested that superior autobiographical memory is intimately tied to time-space synesthesia.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Hyperthymestic abilities can have a detrimental effect. The constant, irrepressible stream of memories has caused significant disruption to Price's life. She described her recollection as "non-stop, uncontrollable and totally exhausting" and as "a burden". Price is prone to getting lost in remembering. This can make it difficult to attend to the present or future, as she is permanently living in the past. Others who have hyperthymesia do not display any of these traits, however.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Price displays considerable difficulty in memorizing allocentric information. According to James McGaugh, "Her autobiographical memory, while incredible, is also selective and even ordinary in some respects". This was demonstrated by her having poor performance on standardised memory tests and average performance at school, unable to apply her exceptional memory to her studies.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Deficits in executive functioning and anomalous lateralisation were also identified in Price. These cognitive deficiencies are characteristic of frontostriatal disorders.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Even those with a high level of hyperthymesia do not remember exactly everything in their lives or have "perfect memory". Studies have shown that it is a selective ability, as shown by Price's case, and they can have comparative difficulty with rote memorization and therefore cannot apply their ability to school and work.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Their memorization of events tends to exceed their ability to memorize given facts; for example, if you told a hyperthymesiac a fact about the world, they may not remember what you said, but they will be more likely to remember what you wore and other details of the situation when you told them.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Because of the small number of people diagnosed with hyperthymesia, relatively little is known about the processes governing this superior memory ability. However, more is beginning to be understood about this condition.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: It has been proposed that the initial encoding of events by such people includes semantic processing, and therefore semantic cues are used in retrieval. Once cued, the memory is retrieved as episodic and follows a pattern similar to that of a spreading activation model. This is particularly evident in Jill Price's case. She describes how one memory triggers another, which in turn triggers another and how she is powerless to stop it: "It's like a split screen; I'll be talking to someone and seeing something else." This theory serves to explain why hyperthymestics have both a sense of 'knowing' (semantic memory) and 'remembering' (episodic memory) during recollection.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: One writer claimed hyperthymesia may be a result of reviewing memories constantly to an obsessive-compulsive degree. However, Price has completely dismissed this article as "a load of crap" and others with hyperthymesia claim to never revisit uneventful memories. Other findings have shown that the tendencies to absorb new information and fantasize are personality traits that are higher in hyperthymestics than the rest of the population. These traits, absorption and fantasizing, also correlated with a test which measures superior autobiographical memory within the hyperthymestic sample.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: An MRI study conducted on Price provides a plausible argument as to the neurological foundation of her superior memory. Both the temporal lobe and the caudate nucleus were found to be enlarged. The hippocampus, located in the medial temporal lobe, is involved in the encoding of declarative memory (memory for facts and events), while the temporal cortex is involved in the storage of such memory.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: The caudate nucleus is primarily associated with procedural memory, in particular habit formation, and is, therefore, intrinsically linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Parker and colleagues speculated that a defective frontostriatal circuit could be responsible for the observed executive function deficits in hyperthymesia. This circuit plays a crucial role in neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the parallels in some aspects of behavior, Price's hyperthymestic abilities possibly stem from atypical neurodevelopment. Scientists now need to ascertain if and how these brain areas are connected to establish a coherent neurological model for superior autobiographical memory.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Parker and colleagues used a variety of standardised neuropsychological tests in their diagnosis of Price's hyperthymesia. These included tests of memory, lateralisation, executive functions, language, calculations, IQ, and visual-spatial and visual-motor functions. They also devised novel tests to examine the extent of her memory abilities. These mostly consisted of questions pertaining to specific dates and events in history. Some of her personal recollections were verified with diary entries, as well as by her mother.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Neuroscientist David Eagleman at Stanford University developed a free on-line test for hyperthymesia (no longer available). Participants first give their year of birth, and then are challenged to match dates to 60 famous events that happened between the time they were five years old and the present day. To qualify as potentially hyperthymestic, participants must achieve a score at least three standard deviations above the average. To prevent people from searching for answers on-line during the test, reaction time for each question is measured; answers must be chosen within 11 seconds to qualify for consideration. However, many of the questions are sourced in American culture and test results could have a strong cultural bias against non-Americans.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: , six cases of hyperthymesia have been confirmed in peer-reviewed articles, the first being that of Jill Price (initially anonymized as "AJ") in 2006. More cases had been identified by 2012, but are yet to be published. Price's case was originally reported by researchers from the University of California, Irvine, Elizabeth Parker, Larry Cahill, and James McGaugh, and is credited as being the first case of hyperthymesia. Price can apparently recall every day of her life from when she was 14 years old: "Starting on February 5th, 1980, I remember everything. That was a Tuesday."


title: Hyperthymesia

text: In March 2009, Price was interviewed for an article in "Wired" magazine by Gary Marcus, a cognitive psychologist at New York University. Price's brain had been subject to a brain scan and the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex had been reportedly normal. Marcus claimed, however, that her brain resembled "those of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder" and suggested that her remarkable memory might be "the byproduct of obsession", claiming also that "the memory woman clings tightly to her past". Price has since reacted angrily to such claims and McGaugh has also expressed skepticism about this explanation. Price gave her first interview in over a year for the UK's Channel 4 documentary "The Boy Who Can't Forget", and provided an insight into just how difficult life can be for people who have this ability.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: As the condition has become better known, more people claiming to have hyperthymestic abilities have emerged. In the aftermath of the 2006 "Neurocase" publication alone, more than 200 people contacted McGaugh; however, only a handful of cases were determined to be actual cases of hyperthymesia. The second verified case was Brad Williams, the third was Rick Baron, and in 2009, Bob Petrella became the fourth person diagnosed with hyperthymestic syndrome.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: On December 19, 2010, actress Marilu Henner was featured on the U.S. television program "60 Minutes" for her superior autobiographical memory ability. Henner claimed she could remember almost every day of her life since she was 11 years old. The show was initially pitched as a story featuring hyperthymestic violinist Louise Owen, but the reporter Lesley Stahl volunteered her friend Henner as having a similar ability.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: In June 2012, the case of H.K. Derryberry was reported, a blind 20-year-old man who could clearly recall every day of his life since the age of about 11. Derryberry had been born at 27 weeks, weighing just over and was in neonatal intensive care for 96 days. A severe brain hemorrhage was the likely cause of cerebral palsy, and his prematurity resulted in congenital blindness. He told researchers that his memories are rich in sensory and emotional details, regardless of whether they are from years ago or yesterday. About 90% of his memories are in the first person, compared with an average of 66% in the general population. Brandon Ally and his team, at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, conducted a series of tests with the subject, including a brain scan that was compared with 30 age-matched controls. His brain was smaller than average (probably a result of his premature birth at 27 weeks). His right amygdala, however, was 20% larger, with enhanced functional connectivity between the right amygdala and hippocampus and in other regions. In 2016, HK's remarkable life story was published by HarperCollins Christian Publishing in a book entitled "The Awakening of HK Derryberry: My Unlikely Friendship with the Boy Who Remembers Everything". It was written by his mentor Jim Bradford with the help of Andy Hardin.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: In September 2012, UK's Channel 4 screened the documentary "The Boy Who Can't Forget", which examined the memory of 20-year-old Aurelien Hayman from Cardiff, a student at Durham University, who remembers practically every day of his life from the age of 10. Hayman is the first British person to be identified as possessing this ability, and he views it positively. When Hayman's brain was scanned by a team led by Professor Giuliana Mazzoni at the University of Hull, whilst he was prompted to remember a series of dates, a series of "visual areas" of the brain were activated, with much greater speed than would be expected in normal brain function. Potential problems with total recall were illustrated. The documentary also featured 62-year-old TV producer Bob Petrella, whose memory has allowed him to catalogue the events from his "favorite days" over many years into an extensive scrapbook.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: In March 2015, Markie Pasternak of Green Bay, Wisconsin was diagnosed as the youngest person to be living with HSAM. Born in 1994, Pasternak remembers every day of her life since February 2005. She was featured on "60 Minutes Australia" in August 2016 with Rebecca Sharrock.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: In January 2016, painter and polymath Nima Veiseh was featured by the BBC for his use of hyperthymesia to create paintings that could only be produced with his ability. Veiseh claimed he could remember almost every day of his life since he was 15 years old, and that his ability to synthesize time and an "encyclopedic knowledge of the history of art" enabled him to create wholly unique visions on canvas. In March 2016 NPR examined further Veiseh's exploration of time and the human experience through art.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: In April 2017, Rebecca Sharrock of Brisbane, Australia became known as a person who claims to recall even circumstantial details of every day of her life from her 12th day of life onward. Discussing her hyperthymesia with BBC World Service, Sharrock revealed she was supporting two research projects – one with the University of Queensland and another with the University of California – to understand how a greater knowledge of hyperthymesia can support Alzheimer's disease research, particularly in repairing the degeneration of the hippocampus. Scans conducted during the studies showed that Sharrock's brain exhibited a heightened connection between the conscious and sub-conscious parts of her brain, which may aid easier memory recall – particular for events that took place earlier in life.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: In October 2018, it was reported that teenager Tyler Hickenbottom, who is an identical twin, had the condition, which allowed him to "remember every day of his life like it was yesterday".


title: Hyperthymesia

text: The debate as to whether hyperthymestic syndrome can be considered a distinct form of memory is ongoing. It is also open to question how far it is an all-or-none condition, or whether people can have the condition to different degrees.


title: Hyperthymesia

text: K. Anders Ericsson of Florida State University does not believe that sufficient evidence exists to suggest that the skills of Price and Williams need additional explanation: "Our work has pretty much concluded that differences in memory don't seem to be the result of innate differences, but more the kinds of skills that are developed."


title: Hyperthymesia

text: McGaugh rejects the idea that hyperthymestic syndrome can be explained away so easily; he argues that nothing explains how subjects are able to memorize so much: "You'd have to assume that every day they rehearse it... The probability of these explanations dwindles as you look at the evidence."


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Cases of hyperthymesia have forced many people to re-evaluate what is meant by "healthy" memory: "it isn't just about retaining the significant stuff. Far more important is being able to forget the rest."


title: Hyperthymesia

text: Significant debate also exists over the limits of memory capacity. Some are of the view that the brain contains so many potential synaptic connections that, in theory at least, no practical limit exists to the number of long-term memories that the brain can store. In 1961, Wilder Penfield reported that specific stimulation of the temporal lobes resulted in vivid recollection of memories. He concluded that our brains were making "continuous, effortless, video-like recordings" of our experiences, but that these records are not consciously accessible to us. However, a study published in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" suggested that those with hyperthymesia may reconstruct memories from traces and incorporate post event information and associations—a finding at odds with Penfield's video-like recording analogy.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Carver Dana Andrews (January 1, 1909 – December 17, 1992) was an American film actor who became a major star in what is now known as film noir. A leading man during the 1940s, he continued acting in less prestigious roles and character parts into the 1980s. He is best known for his portrayal of obsessed police detective Mark McPherson in the noir "Laura" (1944) and his critically acclaimed performance as World War II veteran Fred Derry in "The Best Years of Our Lives" (1946).


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews was born on a farmstead near Collins in southern Mississippi, the third of 13 children of Charles Forrest Andrews, a Baptist minister, and his wife Annis ("née" Speed). The family subsequently relocated to Huntsville, Texas, the birthplace of his younger siblings, including fellow Hollywood actor Steve Forrest (born William Forrest Andrews).


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews attended college at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville and studied business administration in Houston. During 1931, he traveled to Los Angeles to pursue opportunities as a singer. He worked various jobs, such as at a gas station in the nearby community of Van Nuys. To help the struggling Andrews study music at night, "The station owners stepped in ... with a deal: $50 a week for full-time study, in exchange for a five-year share of possible later earnings", which he started repaying after signing with Goldwyn.


title: Dana Andrews

text: In 1938, Andrews was spotted in the play "Oh Evening Star" and Samuel Goldwyn signed the promising actor to a contract, but felt he needed time to develop experience. Andrews continued at the Pasadena Playhouse, working in over 20 productions and proposed to second wife Mary Todd. After twelve months, Goldwyn sold part of Andrews' contract to 20th Century Fox, where he was put to work on the first of two B pictures; his first role was in "Lucky Cisco Kid" (1940). He then appeared in "Sailor's Lady" (1940), developed by Goldwyn, but released by Fox.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews was loaned to Edward Small to appear in "Kit Carson" (1940), before Goldwyn used him for the first time in a Goldwyn production: William Wyler's "The Westerner" (1940), featuring Gary Cooper.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews had supporting roles in Fox films "Tobacco Road" (1941), directed by John Ford; "Belle Starr" (1941), with Randolph Scott and Gene Tierney, billed third; and "Swamp Water" (1941), starring Walter Brennan and Walter Huston and directed by Jean Renoir.


title: Dana Andrews

text: His next film for Goldwyn was the Howard Hawks comedy "Ball of Fire" (1941), again teaming with Cooper, with Andrews playing the villain, a gangster.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Back at Fox, Andrews was given his first lead, in the B-picture war movie "Berlin Correspondent" (1942). He was second lead to Tyrone Power in "Crash Dive" (1943) and then appeared in the 1943 film adaptation of "The Ox-Bow Incident" with Henry Fonda, in a role often cited as one of his best in which he played a lynching victim.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews then went back to Goldwyn for "The North Star" (1943), directed by Lewis Milestone. He worked on a government propaganda film "" (1943), then was used by Goldwyn again in "Up in Arms" (1944), supporting Danny Kaye.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews was reunited with Milestone at Fox for "The Purple Heart" (1944), then was in "Wing and a Prayer" (1944) for Henry Hathaway.


title: Dana Andrews

text: One of his most famous roles was as a detective infatuated with a presumed murder victim, played by Gene Tierney, in "Laura" (1944), produced at Fox and directed by Otto Preminger. He co-starred with Jeanne Crain in the movie musical "State Fair" (1945), a huge hit, and was reunited with Preminger for the film noir "Fallen Angel" (1945). Andrews made another war movie with Milestone, "A Walk in the Sun" (1945), then was loaned to Walter Wanger for a western, "Canyon Passage" (1946), directed by Jacques Tourneur and co-featuring Susan Hayward.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews' second film with William Wyler, also for Goldwyn, became his best known: "The Best Years of Our Lives" (1946). It was both a popular and critical success. Upon release, the topical film about American society's problems in re-integrating military veterans after World War II outgrossed the longstanding box office success of "Gone with the Wind" (1939) in the U.S. and Britain. In 2007, the film ranked number 37th on AFI's Top 100 Years...100 Movies.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews appeared in "Boomerang!" (1947), directed by Elia Kazan; "Night Song" (1947), at RKO; and "Daisy Kenyon" (1947) for Preminger. In 1947, he was voted the 23rd most popular actor in the U.S.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews starred in the anti-communist "The Iron Curtain" (1948), reuniting him with Gene Tierney, then "Deep Waters" (1948). He made a comedy for Lewis Milestone at Enterprise Pictures, "No Minor Vices" (1948), then traveled to England for "Britannia Mews" (1949). Andrews was in "Sword in the Desert" (1949), then Goldwyn cast him in "My Foolish Heart" (1949) with Susan Hayward. He played a fast-fisted police officer in the film noir "Where the Sidewalk Ends" (1950), also with Tierney and Preminger. Around this time, alcoholism began to damage Andrews's career, and on two occasions it nearly cost him his life behind the wheel.


title: Dana Andrews

text: "Edge of Doom" (1950), another film noir for Goldwyn, was a flop. Andrews was then loaned to RKO to make "Sealed Cargo" (1951), in which his brother Steve Forrest has an uncredited role. (In a "Word of Mouth" commentary for Turner Classic Movies, Forrest stated, "I'd have given my eye teeth to have worked with him.") Back at Fox, Andrews was in "The Frogmen" (1951), then Goldwyn cast him in "I Want You" (1951), an overwrought attempt to repeat the success of "The Best Years of Our Lives", during the Cold War era Korean War"."


title: Dana Andrews

text: From 1952 to 1954, Andrews was featured in the radio series "I Was a Communist for the FBI", about the experiences of Matt Cvetic, an FBI informant who infiltrated the Communist Party of the United States of America.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews' film career waned in the 1950s. "Assignment: Paris" (1952) was not widely seen. He made "Elephant Walk" (1954) in Ceylon, a film better known for Vivien Leigh's nervous breakdown and replacement by Elizabeth Taylor. "Duel in the Jungle" (1954) was an adventure tale, "Three Hours to Kill" (1954) and "Smoke Signal" (1955) were Westerns, "Strange Lady in Town" (1955) was a Greer Garson vehicle, and "Comanche" (1956) another Western.


title: Dana Andrews

text: By the mid-1950s, Andrews was acting almost exclusively in B-movies. However, his acting in two late-cycle film noirs for Fritz Lang during 1956, "While The City Sleeps", "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt", and a horror film, "Curse of the Demon" (1957), and a noir, "The Fearmakers" (1958), for Jacques Tourneur, are well regarded. Around this time, he also appeared in "Spring Reunion" (1957), "Zero Hour!" (1957), and "Enchanted Island" (1958).


title: Dana Andrews

text: In 1952, Andrews toured with his wife, Mary Todd, in "The Glass Menagerie", and in 1958, he replaced Henry Fonda (his former co-star in "The Oxbow Incident" and "Daisy Kenyon") on Broadway in "Two for the Seesaw".


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews began appearing on television on such shows as "Playhouse 90" ("Right Hand Man", "Alas, Babylon"), "General Electric Theatre", "The Barbara Stanwyck Show", "Checkmate", "The DuPont Show of the Week", "The Twilight Zone" ("No Time Like the Past"), "The Dick Powell Theatre", "Alcoa Premiere", "Ben Casey", and "Theatre of Stars".


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews continued to make films like "The Crowded Sky" (1960) and "Madison Avenue" (1961). He then went to Broadway for "The Captains and the Kings", which had a short run in 1962.


title: Dana Andrews

text: In 1965, Andrews resumed his film work with support roles in "The Satan Bug" and "In Harm's Way". Although he had the lead in films such as "Crack in the World" (1965), "Brainstorm" (1965), and "Town Tamer" (1965), he was increasingly cast in supporting roles: "Berlin, Appointment for the Spies" (1965), "The Loved One" (1965), "Battle of the Bulge" (1965), and "Johnny Reno" (1966). He occasionally played leads in low-budget films like "The Frozen Dead" (1966), "The Cobra" (1967) and "Hot Rods to Hell" (1967), however, by the late 1960s he had evolved into a character actor, as in "The Ten Million Dollar Grab" (1967), "No Diamonds for Ursula" (1967), and "The Devil's Brigade" (1968).


title: Dana Andrews

text: By the end of the decade, Andrews returned to television to play the leading role of college president Tom Boswell on the NBC daytime soap opera "Bright Promise" from its premiere on September 29, 1969, until March 1971.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews spent the 1970s in supporting roles of Hollywood films such as "The Failing of Raymond" (1971), "Innocent Bystanders" (1972), "Airport 1975" (1974), "A Shadow in the Streets" (1975), "The First 36 Hours of Dr. Durant" (1975), "Take a Hard Ride" (1975), "The Last Tycoon" (1976), "The Last Hurrah" (1977), and "Good Guys Wear Black" (1978)


title: Dana Andrews

text: He also appeared regularly on TV in such shows as "Ironside", "Get Christie Love!", "Ellery Queen", "The American Girls", "The Hardy Boys", and "The Love Boat".


title: Dana Andrews

text: It was at this time, the 1970s, that Andrews became involved in the real estate business, telling one newspaper reporter, for example, that he owned "a hotel that brings in $200,000 a year."


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews's final roles included "Born Again" (1978), "Ike: The War Years" (1979), "The Pilot" (1980), "Falcon Crest" (1982–83) and "Prince Jack" (1985).


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews married Janet Murray on December 31, 1932. Murray died in 1935 as a result of pneumonia. Their unamed baby was also born and died in the same day, during her illness.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Their son, David, was a musician and composer who died from a cerebral hemorrhage in 1964 at the age of 30. On November 17, 1939, Andrews married actress Mary Todd, with whom he had three children: Katharine, Stephen, and Susan. For two decades, the family lived in Toluca Lake, California.


title: Dana Andrews

text: Andrews struggled with alcoholism but eventually won the battle and worked actively with the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. During 1972, he appeared in a television public service advertisement concerning the subject.


title: Dana Andrews

text: During the last years of his life, Andrews suffered from Alzheimer's disease. He spent his final years living at the John Douglas French Center for Alzheimer's Disease in Los Alamitos, California.


title: Dana Andrews

text: On December 17, 1992, Andrews died of congestive heart failure and pneumonia. His wife died in 2003 at the age of 86.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (), also known as RNBDJ, is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Aditya Chopra and produced by him and his father Yash Chopra under their banner of Yash Raj Films. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan as Surinder Sahni, a mild-mannered office employee who marries his deceased teacher's miserable daughter Taani Gupta, portrayed by debutante Anushka Sharma. His friend Balwinder "Bobby" Khosla, played by Vinay Pathak, eventually transforms him into the fun-loving actor "Raj Kapoor" to win Taani's love. The film's soundtrack was composed by Salim–Sulaiman, and it became the first Bollywood soundtrack to reach the top 10 album sales on the iTunes Store.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi" was released worldwide on 12 December 2008 and marked Chopra's return to direction after an 8-year hiatus, following his previous directorial venture, "Mohabbatein" (2000), which also starred Khan. The film was not heavily promoted pre-release by either Khan or YRF, mainly due to uncertainty and apprehensions regarding cinema-market conditions following the terror attacks in Mumbai. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews from critics but broke many box-office records. It was declared a year-end super-hit, and at the end of its theatrical run, it grossed over worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing Hindi film of the year overseas, as well as YRF and Khan's highest-grossing film at the time.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: At the 54th Filmfare Awards, "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi" received a leading 10 nominations, including Best Film, Best Director (Aditya), Best Actor (Khan), Best Actress (Sharma) and Best Supporting Actor (Pathak), and won 2 awards – Best Male Playback Singer (Sukhwinder Singh for "Haule Haule") and Best Scene of the Year.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: The film's script was recognized by a number of critics and was invited to be included in the Margaret Herrick Library of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, just a day after its release. The script is accessible for research purposes only; students, filmmakers, writers, and actors are among the regular patrons.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: Surinder Sahni is a shy and mild-mannered office employee working for Punjab Power who visits the marriage ceremony of Taani Gupta, the cheerful daughter of Professor Shirish Gupta who is his former teacher. He falls in love at first sight with her but is unable to express it. Unfortunately, her fianceè and all his family members are killed in a road accident which results in the devastated Professor Gupta developing a massive heart attack. He is taken to a hospital where, on his deathbed, the dying Professor Gupta asks Surinder to marry Taani upon fearing that she will be left alone in the world after his death. Surinder agrees to this as he loves Taani anyway. Taani also agrees to fulfill her father's last wish.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: After Professor Gupta's death and funeral, Surinder has an unplanned marriage with Taani and takes her to his ancestral house in Amritsar, Punjab. Over there, he begins to behave with her in a kind nature and show his respect to her - he even lets her have his bedroom all to herself and stays in the attic - but is too frightened to confess his love for her. A miserable Taani locks herself in Surinder's room all the time as she was not willing to marry Surinder. However, Surinder's close friend Balwinder Khosla alias Bobby and other office colleagues invite themselves to his house for a party after learning about his marriage from the neighbours. Surinder feels awkward as he cannot make them meet a depressed Taani but is surprised when she shows up. Later that night, Taani eventually agrees to become a good wife and thus respect her role in Surinder's life but feels that she can never love him or anyone else again.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: Grateful towards her care for him, Surinder buys a new car for her and often takes her to the movie theatre to watch Hindi films as Taani has a passion of romance and dance. Later, Taani finds a poster of a dance competition in Amritsar and asks Surinder to let her participate in it, to which, he agrees and even helps her pay the fees. Surinder subsequently asks Bobby for some grooming advice which could help him win Taani's love by converting her back into a happy-go-lucky girl. Being a hair-salon owner, Bobby gives Surinder a complete makeover - which includes making him not use his spectacles, trimming off his moustache, changing his hairstyle into a fashionable spiky style and fitting him out in funky Western-style clothing with aviator-style shades and oversize pastel contact lenses, including a motorcycle to help him become a macho.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: He is thus transformed into a loud and fun-loving boy named "Raj Kapoor" (who is an actor) and then goes to the venue of the dance competition to see Taani's performance. He joins the competition and at the end of the class, all the participants are put into two groups with random numbers given out by the instructors in colours red and green, respectively. Raj and Taani coincidentally have the same number - "21" - and are thus selected as each other's dance partners. Raj tries to give the "cool" images of heroes to Taani and returns home in his original form of Surinder, deciding to play this "dual role" for a few more days.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: Taani eventually assures Raj that they will surely come first in the competition if they practice their dance in extra time, making him criticize Surinder's character with the hopes of winning her love. Raj and Taani become friends and start working together in their dance routine. They are eventually selected for the finals and go to have dinner at a restaurant where Raj wins the eating competition between them with "Panipuris". Later that night, Taani prepares "Biryani" for Surinder who graciously eats it after returning home but ends up having a stomachache for overeating.


title: Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

text: After a couple of days, Raj confesses his love for Taani by using his electric company abilities to shape the Amritsar lights to spell out "I Love You". A shocked Taani faces a dilemma despite Raj assuring her that they can still remain friends if she does not reciprocate his feelings. With tears in her eyes, she asks him to leave her alone for some time which leaves Raj confused. Meanwhile, Surinder also faces a dilemma as he cannot tell Taani of his disguise. He thus gains Bobby's advice of winning her love as "Surinder", but not as Raj.