title: Vyjayanthimala

text: In 1965, Vyjayanthimala starred in two box office-wise disappointing films; "Naya Kanoon", with Ashok Kumar and Bharat Bhushan and "Nam Iruvar" with T. R. Mahalingam, but both the films are considered masterpieces by critics. "Naam Iruvar" became her last Tamil film. In 1966, Vyjayanthimala starred in "Do Dilon Ki Dastaan", which failed at the box office. After some box office flops, Vyjayanthimala soon signed alongside Rajendra Kumar in the swashbuckler ruritanian romance "Suraj". Directed by T. Prakash Rao, the film had Mumtaz, Bharathi Vishnuvardhan and Neetu Singh. "Suraj" was huge box office success and was one of the popular costume dramas in Hindi cinema. Suraj was the last successful film of Rajendra Kumar and Shankar Jaikishan, who introduced singer Sharda through this film. According to Boxofficeindia.com, the film grossed around 50,000,000 with net gross of 25,000,000 and becomes second highest-grossing film of 1966 with a verdict of "super hit" at the box office. The film was also the thirteenth highest-grossing film of the decade, with its adjusted to inflation net gross about . While Ibosnetwork.com reported that the film grossed 40,000,000 and its adjusted to inflation gross about . Following "Suraj", Vyjayanthimala starred in the historical film "Amrapali". Based on life of the "Nagarvadhu" (royal courtesan) of Vaishali "Amrapali", she played the title role along with Sunil Dutt, who enacted the role of King "Ajatashatru". Upon release, the film opened to widespread critical acclaim and was India's official submission for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 39th Academy Awards. The film was a colossal flop, which left Vyjayanthimala heartbroken, where she decided to quit the industry, though director Baldev Raj Chopra felt that she could have easily continued for another decade in lead roles. After "Amrapali", the biggest box office failure of her career and some personal issues with co-stars, Vyjayanthimala lost interest in films. In 1967, she was signed into Tapi Chanakya's "Ram Aur Shyam", which was a remake of the 1964 Telugu film "Ramudu Bheemudu". She co-starred with Dilip Kumar for the seventh time, who had previously made some memorable films with her. However, due to some misunderstanding between Kumar and Vyjayanthimala, Vyjayanthimala was replaced by Waheeda Rehman. The same year she starred in Vijay Anand's "Jewel Thief" after Saira Banu backed out of the project due to her marriage with Dilip Kumar. The crime thriller reunited Vyjayanthimala, after a decade, with her co-star Dev Anand after "Amar Deep". "Jewel Thief" also had Ashok Kumar as the main antagonist with four more female leads Tanuja, Helen, Anju Mahendru and Faryal. For the first time she worked under Dev Anand's production house, Navketan Films after being rejected by Tad Danielewski for the lead role in the 1965 Hindi film "Guide". The success of "Jewel Thief" made Vyjayanthimala and Dev Anand a hit pair. Three decades later, Vyjayanthimala was approached by Dev Anand for a role in the sequel of "Jewel Thief"; "Return of Jewel Thief" (1996), but she refused to act in the film as she did not plan to make a comeback. Subsequently, Vyjayanthimala's dance number in "Hothon Pe Aisi Baat Main" sung by Lata Mangeshkar becomes huge hit where it was considered one of the best dance numbers in Indian cinema, while being influential for the rises of other dance numbers such as "Chamma Chamma" from "China Gate" and "Sheila Ki Jawani" from "Tees Maar Khan" respectively. The same year she did the magnum opus "Chhoti Si Mulaqat", produced by the legendary Bengali actor and matinee idol Mahanayak Uttam Kumar.A remake of the 1954 Bengali film "Agni Pariksha", which had Uttam Kumar, who reprises his role in the Hindi version and Suchitra Sen in the lead. Unlike the original version, "Chhoti Si Mulaqat" failed to create any box office record and was declared a box office disaster. Her last release in the year was "Hatey Bazarey", with Ashok Kumar. Inspired by Banaphool's novel with the same title, the film was directed by acclaimed director Tapan Sinha, where Vyjayanthimala made her Bengali cinema debut through the film. She played the role of a widowed young woman – Chhipli – who falls for a civil surgeon Doctor Anandi Mukheerjee. Upon release the film received unanimously positive reviews, where it was awarded the Best Feature Film Award at the 15th National Film Awards, while Vyjayanthimala's performance was also appreciated by critics alike. A review from "Upperstall" had mentioned that: "Vyjayantimala, in her debut in Bengali films is extremely convincing as the independent and vivacious tribal widow". Similarly, her singing in the song "Shyam Tor Tore Tamal Tolay Boshe Thaki" along with singer Hemanta Mukherjee received praise, where it was described as a "pleasant surprise" in the same review. "Hatey Bazarey" was also received well commercially and was one of the most successful Bengali films of the 1960s.


title: Vyjayanthimala

text: In 1968, Vyjayanthimala appeared in three big budget films with high-profile actors such as Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand and Rajendra Kumar. Her first release of the year was "Sunghursh", directed by "Mere Mehboob" (1963) directed by Harnam Singh Rawail. She co-starred with Dilip Kumar for the seventh and last time in her career, with Balraj Sahni and Sanjeev Kumar in key roles. Originally offered to actress Sadhana, the role later went to Vyjayanthimala as the former suffered with her thyroid problem. Reportedly she did not exchange a word with Kumar while filming, since their relationship broke up. For Vyjayanthimala's enactment of a courtesan, Laila-e-Aasma, she received positive feedback from the critics. Anuj Kumar from "The Hindu" said that: "Vyjayanthimala is graceful as ever. In a film dominated by men, Rawail made sure she had a substantial role. Her dances and Naushad’s lilting tunes come as a welcome break to the sinewy tone imparted by Abrar Alvi and Gulzar’s dialogues". The role fetched her the Best Hindi Actress Award at 25th Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards. "Sunghursh" was followed by "Saathi", directed by C. V. Sridhar. A remake of the highly acclaimed Tamil film of 1961, "Palum Pazhamum", the film had Rajendra Kumar and Simi Garewal replacing Sivaji Ganesan and Sowcar Janaki respectively from the Tamil version with Vyjyanthimala enacting the role originally portrayed by B. Saroja Devi. The same year she co-starred with Dev Anand for the third and last time in T. Prakash Rao's "Duniya". "Duniya", "Saathi" and "Sunghursh" were named as tenth, eleventh and twelfth highest-grossing film of 1968 respectively, with the first two labelled as average while the latter only managed to do above average business at the box office. On the other hand, "Duniya" is considered a hit film by some critics and often included in the hit film list of Dev Anand. In 1969, she was the first Indian dancer to perform at the United Nations General Assembly to commemorate the 21st anniversary of the proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.


title: Vyjayanthimala

text: After her retirement from films, Vyjayanthimala was offered many roles by big banners opposite leading actors of that time. But she refused all those offers as she did not want to make a comeback. In 1968, she was signed opposite Raj Kapoor in Mahesh Kaul's "Sapno Ka Saudagar", she refused the role which went to the debutante Hema Malini, who become one of the biggest actress in Hindi films later. However, in 1975, Vyjayanthimala was almost signed in Gulzar's "Aandhi" with Sanjeev Kumar but she backed out from the project as the role resembled Indira Gandhi's personal life. Perhaps the most famous role that Vyjayanthimala ever turned down was the 1975 crime-drama film "Deewaar". Inspired by the 1961 film "Ganga Jumna", a Vyjayanthimala starrer, the film was directed by Yash Chopra and stars Amitabh Bachchan and Shashi Kapoor. She turned down the role of a mother for the lead actors, which later went to Nirupa Roy, who attained popularity through success of the film and was later cast in similar roles. Following that, she refused the multi-starrer 1981 blockbuster film "Kranti", opposite Dilip Kumar, with Manoj Kumar, Shashi Kapoor, Hema Malini, Shatrughan Sinha, Parveen Babi and Sarika as the ensemble cast, which was directed and produced by Manoj Kumar himself. Apart from Hindi films, she refused the 1989 Tamil film "Mappillai", starring Rajinikanth. As said by Rajinikanth who played the lead role, "actor Vyjayanthimala was first offered the role of mother-in-law in "Mappillai" which was a pivotal role, but she refused the film even though the producer of the film Chiranjeevi came forward to give her huge salary, she said that she does not want to play the role of antagonist opposite me and will never agree to be part of fighting scene against me". Following many films refused by Vyjayanthimala, Dinesh Raheja from "Rediff" commented that "good money and pivotal roles notwithstanding...did not seem alluring enough". All her films released from 1969; "Pyar Hi Pyar", "Prince" and "Ganwaar", became huge box office successes. "Ganwaar" was her last Hindi film.


title: Vyjayanthimala

text: Vyjayanthimala's political career was initiated in 1984 when she contested in 1984 Tamil Nadu general election for the South Chennai constituency as the nominee of the Indian National Congress opposite Era Sezhiyan, the leader of Janata Party and seasoned parliamentarian. During the campaign, Sezhiyan made provoking quotes such as "Send me to the Lok Sabha. Send her to R.R. Sabha (an organisation promoting fine arts)" to defeat Vyjayanthimala, ironically she won the election with margin of about 48,000 votes where she gained 313,848 with percentage of 51.92%. Subsequently, she debuted in the Lok Sabha, the directly elected lower house of the Parliament of India by the end of January 1985 with Amitabh Bachchan.


title: Vyjayanthimala

text: In 1989, Vyjayanthimala again had to face the 1989 Tamil Nadu general election, this time she was opposed by Aladi Aruna of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. She again beat her opposition by nearly 12584  votes. Later in 1993, she was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India for a six-year term. In 1999, she resigned from the primary membership of the Indian National Congress party. In her letter to the party's president Sonia Gandhi, she included the reason for her resignation where she said that: "painfully watching the party drifting from its avowed principles after the death of Rajiv Gandhi, the party has lost touch with its grassroots and one can see day in and day out that sincere party workers are being steadily ignored." she adds more; "increasingly difficult to justify ourselves to the public and my conscience does not allow me to stay in the party any longer". Later, she joined the Bharatiya Janata Party on 6 September 1999.


The 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on 11 April 2019 for constituting the fifteenth Legislative Assembly in the state. They were held alongside the 2019 Indian general election.


title: 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

text: The YSR Congress Party won the election in a landslide, winning 151 of the 175 seats, with the incumbent Telugu Desam Party winning just 23. The Jana Sena Party entered the legislature with one seat, while the Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party failed to win any seats. YSRCP's 151-seat win (or 86%) is the largest majority government (in % terms) in the history of Andhra Pradesh, even surpassing TDP's 226-seat victory (or 77%) and equal if number of seats contested is only considered (216 out of 251) in the Undivided 1994 election


text: Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy was unanimously voted as Legislature leader of the YSR Congress Party, and was invited to form the government by the Governor of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, E. S. L. Narasimhan. This was the second assembly in Andhra Pradesh after the bifurcation of the state into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.


text: In the 2014 Andhra Pradesh Assembly election, sethe Telugu Desam Party (TDP), led by chief N. Chandrababu Naidu, in alliance with the Jana Sena Party (JSP), led by chief Pawan Kalyan, and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), emerged as the single largest party. With 88 seats required to win a majority, the alliance won 103 out of the available 175 seats. Mr. Naidu was invited to form the government as part of the fourteenth chief minister of Andhra Pradesh by the then Governor of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana E. S. L. Narasimhan. It was the first Assembly in Andhra Pradesh after the bifurcation of the state into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.


text: Y.S.Jagan Mohan Reddy, who was the leader of the main opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Assembly, launched his 3,648-km-long " Praja Sankalpa Yatra" on 6 November 2017. In this Padayatra, Reddy launched an attack on the failed promises and corruption of the ruling TDP. He covered more than 130 out of the 175 assembly constituencies in the state, from YSR Ghat in Idupulapaya in Kadapa to Ichchapuram in Srikakulam district. During his "padayatra", he addressed 124 public meetings. Meanwhile, JSP leader Pawan Kalyan hurled allegations of corruption against the ruling TDP and Nara Lokesh, son of Chandrababu Naidu. He also accused the BJP of inflicting injustice on Andhra Pradesh over the promised Special Category Status. JSP subsequently broke the alliance with the TDP. The TDP also withdrew from the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in March 2018 over Special Category Status Issue. The ruling TDP contested the 2019 assembly elections on its own. The JSP and the BJP also contested independently in the 2019 assembly elections. In the four-cornered contest, the YSRCP led by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy swept the polls.


text: The election was held in a single phase on 11 April for 175 assemblies and 25 parliamentary constituencies. A 79.88% voter turnout was recorded by the end of the election day, which was 1.92% higher than the 2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. 1,55,45,211 Male and 1,57,87,759 Female voters cast their votes in the election. Overall 3,13,33,631 of a possible 3,93,45,717 voters participated in the election.


text: The highest turnout of 85.93% was recorded in Prakasam district followed by Guntur district with 82.37%, while Visakhapatnam district recorded the lowest turnout of 73.67%. Addanki constituency recorded the highest voter turnout of 89.82% voting and Visakhapatnam West constituency registered the lowest turnout of 58.19%.


text: Below is a list of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Contesting candidates from each party are arranged with respect to their districts.


text: The results were announced on 23 May 2019, the day of the counting of ballots. YSRCP won the polls by winning a record 151 seats out of 175 seats, their best poll performance to date. YSRCP won all MLA seats in the districts of Kadapa, Kurnool, Nellore, and Viazayanagram. Furthermore, they lost only 3 seats (Kuppam, Hindupur, Uravakonda) in the Rayalaseema region. From the 26 ministers in the ruling TDP Cabinet only 3 ministers, Nimmakayala Chinarajappa, Ganta Srinivasa Rao, and Kinjarapu Atchannaidu, were able to win. The JSP+ alliance won only a single seat of Razole, while the leader of the alliance Pawan Kalyan lost both the seats in Gajuwaka and Bhimavaram. The national parties - Congress and BJP - were not able to win a single seat.


text: TDP candidates lost their security deposit in 1 out of 175 seats contested, JSP candidates lost security deposit in 121 out of 137 seats contested, BJP candidates lost security deposit in 173 out of 173 seats contested, Congress candidates lost security deposit in 174 out of 174 seats contested.


title: P. L. Travers

text: Pamela Lyndon Travers (; born Helen Lyndon Goff; 9 August 1899 – 23 April 1996) was an Australian-British writer who spent most of her career in England. She is best known for the "Mary Poppins" series of books, which feature the eponymous magical nanny.


title: P. L. Travers

text: Goff was born in Maryborough, Queensland, and grew up in the Australian bush before being sent to boarding school in Sydney. Her writing was first published when she was a teenager, and she also worked briefly as a professional Shakespearean actress. Upon emigrating to England at the age of 25, she took the name "Pamela Lyndon Travers" and adopted the pen name P. L. Travers in 1933 while writing the first of eight "Mary Poppins" books.


title: P. L. Travers

text: Travers travelled to New York City during World War II while working for the British Ministry of Information. At that time, Walt Disney contacted her about selling to Walt Disney Productions the rights for a film adaptation of "Mary Poppins". After years of contact, which included visits to Travers at her home in London, Walt Disney obtained the rights and the film "Mary Poppins" premiered in 1964.


title: P. L. Travers

text: In 2004, a stage musical adaptation of the books and the film opened in the West End; it premiered on Broadway in 2006. A film based on Disney's efforts to persuade Travers to sell him the "Mary Poppins" film rights was released in 2013, "Saving Mr. Banks", in which Travers is portrayed by Emma Thompson. In a 2018 sequel to the original film, "Mary Poppins Returns", Poppins, played by Emily Blunt, returns to help the Banks family once again.


title: P. L. Travers

text: Helen Lyndon Goff, also known as Lyndon, was born on 9 August 1899 in Maryborough, Queensland, Australia, at her family's home. Her mother, Margaret Agnes Goff (née Morehead), was Australian and the niece of Boyd Dunlop Morehead, Premier of Queensland from 1888 to 1890. Her father, Travers Robert Goff, was unsuccessful as a bank manager owing to his alcoholism, and was eventually demoted to the position of bank clerk. The two had been married on 9 November 1898, nine months before Helen was born. The name Helen came from a maternal great-grandmother and great-aunt. Although she was born in Australia, Goff considered herself Irish and later expressed the sentiment that her birth had been "misplaced".


title: P. L. Travers

text: As a baby she visited her great aunt Ellie in Sydney for the first time; Ellie would figure prominently in her early life, as Goff often stayed with her. Goff lived a simple life as a child, given a penny a week by her parents as well as occasional other gifts. Her mother was known for giving Goff maxims and instructions and she loved "the memory of her father" and his stories of life in Ireland. Goff was also an avid reader, later stating that she could read at three years old, and particularly enjoying fairy tales.


title: P. L. Travers

text: The family lived in a large home in Maryborough until Lyndon was three years old, when they relocated to Brisbane in 1902. Goff recalled an idealized version of her childhood in Maryborough as an adult. In Brisbane Goff's sister was born. In mid-1905 Goff went to spend time with Ellie in Sydney. Later that year, Lyndon returned and the family moved to Allora, Queensland. In part because Goff was often left alone as a child by parents who were "caught up in their own importance", she developed a "form of self-sufficiency and [...had an] idiosyncratic form of fantasy life", according to her biographer Valerie Lawson, often pretending to be a mother henat times for hours. Goff also wrote poetry, which her family paid little attention to. In 1906 Lyndon attended the Allora Public School. Travers Goff died at home in January 1907. Lyndon would struggle to come to terms with this fact for the next six years.


title: P. L. Travers

text: Following her father's death, Goff, along with her mother and sisters, moved to Bowral, New South Wales, in 1907, and she attended the local branch of the Sydney Church of England Grammar School. She boarded at the now-defunct Normanhurst School in Ashfield, a suburb of Sydney, from 1912. At Normanhurst, she began to love theatre. In 1914 she published an article in the "Normanhurst School Magazine", her first, and later that year directed a school concert. The following year, Goff played the role of Bottom in a production of "A Midsummer Night's Dream". She became a prefect and sought to have a successful career as an actress. Goff's first employment was at the Australian Gas Light Company as a cashier. In 1920 Goff appeared in her first pantomime. The following year she was hired to work in a Shakespearean Company run by Allan Wilkie based in Sydney.


title: P. L. Travers

text: Goff had her first role in the troupe as Anne Page in a March 1921 performance of "The Merry Wives of Windsor". She decided to go by the stage name of "Pamela Lyndon Travers", taking Travers from her father's name and Pamela because she thought it a "pretty" name that "flowed" with Travers. Travers toured New South Wales beginning in early 1921 and returned to Wilkie's troupe in Sydney by April 1922. That month, in a review of her performance as Titania in "A Midsummer Night's Dream", a critic for Frank Morton's "Triad" wrote that her performance was 'all too human'.


title: P. L. Travers

text: The troupe travelled to New Zealand, where Travers met and fell in love with a journalist for "The Sun". The journalist took one of Travers' poems to his editor and it was published in the "Sun." Even after she left New Zealand Travers continued to submit works to the "Sun", eventually having her own column called "Pamela Passes: the "Sun's" Sydney Letter". Travers also had work accepted and published by publications including the "Shakespeare Quarterly, Vision", and "The Green Room". She was told to not make a career out of journalism and turned to poetry. "The Triad" published "Mother Song", one of her poems, in March 1922, under the name "Pamela Young Travers". "The Bulletin" published Travers' poem, "Keening", on March 20, 1923, and she became a frequent contributor. In May 1923 she found employment at the "Triad", where she was given the discretion to fill at least four pages of a women's sectiontitled "A Woman Hits Back"every issue. Travers wrote poetry, journalism, and prose for her section; Lawson notes that "erotic verse and coquetry" figured prominently. She published a book of poetry, "Bitter Sweet".


title: P. L. Travers

text: On 9 February 1924, Travers left Australia for England, settling in London. She only revisited Australia once, in the 1960s. For four years she wrote poetry for the "Irish Statesman", beginning while in Ireland in 1925 when Travers met the poet George William Russell (who wrote under the name "Æ") who, as editor of the "Statesman", accepted some of her poems for publication. Through Russell, whose kindness towards younger writers was legendary, Travers met W. B. Yeats, Oliver St. John Gogarty and other Irish poets who fostered her interest in and knowledge of world mythology.


title: P. L. Travers

text: After visiting Fontainebleau in France, Travers met George Ivanovich Gurdjieff, an occultist, of whom she became a "disciple". Around the same time she was taught by Carl Gustav Jung in Switzerland. In 1931, she moved with her friend Madge Burnand from their rented flat in London to a thatched cottage in Sussex. There, in the winter of 1933, she began to write "Mary Poppins". During the 1930s, Travers reviewed drama for "The New English Weekly" and published the book "Moscow Excursion" (1934). "Mary Poppins" was published that year with great success. Many sequels followed.


title: P. L. Travers

text: During the Second World War, Travers worked for the British Ministry of Information, spending five years in the US, publishing "I Go by Sea, I Go by Land" in 1941. At the invitation of her friend John Collier, the US Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Travers spent two summers living among the Navajo, Hopi and Pueblo peoples, studying their mythology and folklore. Travers moved back to England at the end of the war, where she continued writing. She moved into 50 Smith Street, Chelsea, London, which is commemorated with an English Heritage blue plaque. She returned to the US in 1965 and became writer-in-residence at Radcliffe College from 1965 to 1966 and at Smith College in 1966 and lecturing at Scripps College in 1970. She published various works and edited "" from 1976 to her death.


title: P. L. Travers

text: As early as 1926, Travers published a short story, "Mary Poppins and the Match Man", which introduced the nanny character of Mary Poppins and Bert the street artist. Published in London in 1934, "Mary Poppins", the children's book, was Travers's first literary success. Seven sequels followed, the last in 1988, when Travers was 89.


title: P. L. Travers

text: While appearing as a guest on BBC Radio 4's radio programme "Desert Island Discs" in May 1977, Travers revealed that the name "M. Poppins" originated from childhood stories that she contrived for her sisters, and that she was still in possession of a book from that era with this name inscribed within. Travers's great aunt, Helen Morehead, who lived in Woollahra, Sydney, and used to say "Spit spot, into bed," is a likely inspiration for the character.


title: P. L. Travers

text: The musical film adaptation "Mary Poppins" was released by Walt Disney Pictures in 1964. Primarily based on the original 1934 novel of the same name, it also lifted elements from the 1935 sequel "Mary Poppins Comes Back". The novels were loved by Disney's daughters when they were children, and Disney spent 20 years trying to purchase the film rights to "Mary Poppins", which included visits to Travers at her home in London. In 1961, Travers arrived in Los Angeles on a flight from London, her first-class ticket having been paid for by Disney, and finally agreed to sell the rights, in no small part because she was financially in dire straits. Travers was an adviser in the production, but she disapproved of the Poppins character in its Disney version; with harsher aspects diluted, she felt ambivalent about the music and she so hated the use of animation that she ruled out any further adaptations of the series. She received no invitation to the film's star-studded première until she "embarrassed a Disney executive into extending one". At the after-party, she said loudly, "Well. The first thing that has to go is the animation sequence." Disney replied, "Pamela, the ship has sailed".


title: P. L. Travers

text: Travers so disliked the Disney adaptation and the way she felt she had been treated during the production that when producer Cameron Mackintosh approached her years later about making the British stage musical, she acquiesced only on conditions that British writers alone and no one from the original film production were to be directly involved. That specifically excluded the Sherman Brothers from writing additional songs for the production. However, original songs and other aspects from the 1964 film were allowed to be incorporated into the production. Those points were even stipulated in her last will and testament.


title: P. L. Travers

text: In a 1977 interview on the BBC radio programme "Desert Island Discs", Travers remarked about the film, "I've seen it once or twice, and I've learned to live with it. It's glamorous and it's a good film on its own level, but I don't think it is very like my books."


title: P. L. Travers

text: The 2013 motion picture "Saving Mr. Banks" is a dramatised retelling of both the working process during the planning of "Mary Poppins" and of Travers's early life, drawing parallels with "Mary Poppins" and that of the author's childhood. The movie stars Emma Thompson as and Tom Hanks as Walt Disney.


title: P. L. Travers

text: In 2018, 54 years after the release of the original Mary Poppins film, a sequel was released titled "Mary Poppins Returns", with Emily Blunt starring as Mary Poppins. The film is set 25 years after the events of the first film, in which Mary Poppins returns to help Jane and Michael one year after a family tragedy.


title: P. L. Travers

text: Travers was reluctant to share details about her personal life, saying she "most identified with Anonymous as a writer" and asked whether "biographies are of any use at all". Patricia Demers was allowed to interview her in 1988 but not to ask about her personal life.


title: P. L. Travers

text: Travers never married. Though she had numerous fleeting relationships with men throughout her life, she lived for more than a decade with Madge Burnand, daughter of Sir Francis Burnand, a playwright and the former editor of "Punch". They shared a London flat from 1927 to 1934, then moved to Pound Cottage near Mayfield, East Sussex, where Travers published the first of the "Mary Poppins" books. Their relationship, in the words of one biographer, was "intense", but equally ambiguous.


title: P. L. Travers

text: At the age of 40, two years after moving out on her own, Travers adopted a baby boy from Ireland whom she named Camillus Travers. He was the grandchild of Joseph Hone, W. B. Yeats' first biographer, who was raising his seven grandchildren with his wife. Camillus was unaware of his true parentage or the existence of any siblings until the age of 17, when Anthony Hone, his twin brother, came to London and knocked on the door of Travers's house at 50 Smith Street, Chelsea. He had been drinking and demanded to see his brother. Travers refused and threatened to call the police. Anthony left but, soon after, following an argument with Travers, Camillus went looking for his brother and found him in a pub on King's Road. Anthony had been fostered and raised by the family of the essayist Hubert Butler in Ireland. Through Camillus, Travers had three grandchildren.


title: P. L. Travers

text: Travers was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1977 New Year Honours. She died in London on 23 April 1996 at the age of 96. Although Travers never fully accepted the way the Disney film version of "Mary Poppins" had portrayed her nanny figure, the film did make her rich. The value of Travers' estate was probated in September 1996 at £2,044,708.


title: Nicole Maines

text: Nicole Amber Maines is an American actress and transgender rights activist. Prior to her acting career, she was the anonymous plaintiff in the Maine Supreme Judicial Court case "Doe v. Regional School Unit 26", in which she argued her school district could not deny her access to the female bathroom for being transgender. The court ruled in 2014 that barring transgender students from the school bathroom consistent with their gender identity is unlawful, the first such ruling by a state court.


title: Nicole Maines

text: As an actress, Maines played Nia Nal on The CW superhero series "Supergirl" (2018–2021) in the fourth through sixth seasons. She is the first to portray a transgender superhero on television.


title: Nicole Maines

text: Maines and her brother Jonas were adopted at birth as identical twins by Kelly and Wayne Maines in 1997; one of their biological parents was Kelly's second cousin. Though they spent their early years in Gloversville, New York, they grew up in Portland, Maine. Maines was assigned male at birth and started showing signs of gender variance at a young age; when she was two years old, Maines reportedly asked her mother questions like "When do I get to be a girl?" She preferred playing with toys intended for girls and identified with female characters in cartoons and movies. Maines herself said she knew she was not a boy as young as three years old and started explicitly telling her family who she was by the age of four. Her brother, Jonas, accepted her gender identity from a young age. While the two were still in elementary school, Jonas reportedly told their father, "Face it, Dad, you have a son and a daughter."


title: Nicole Maines

text: Maines says she chose the name Nicole (Nikki for short) after the character Nicole Bristow, one of Zoey's sidekicks on the Nickelodeon show "Zoey 101". She initially wanted to be called Quinn from the same show, but she kept making spelling errors when writing the name, so she settled on Nicole. She chose her middle name, Amber, just because she liked how it sounded. Maines did not officially change her name until later because of the Maine law that any name change must be announced in the newspaper, and she and her family wanted to keep her identity private for her safety. The judge accepted their petition to the name change law, meaning that Nicole was exempt from having to publish her name change in a newspaper. A few days later, she officially became Nicole Amber Maines.


title: Nicole Maines

text: In July 2015, Maines had gender-affirming surgery in Philadelphia, a month after graduating from high school.


title: Nicole Maines

text: Maines attended high school at Portland, Maine's Waynflete School, and attended the University of Maine alongside her brother Jonas. However, according to her father, Maines chose not to return in the fall of 2018 in order to pursue acting.


title: Nicole Maines

text: Maines was further popularized by the 2015 book "Becoming Nicole: The Transformation of an American Family" by "Washington Post" writer Amy Ellis Nutt which tells the story of her family coming to terms with her gender identity. Many articles about the Maines family were published, many focusing on how one identical twin can be transgender and one can be cisgender.


title: Nicole Maines

text: Maines used the name Susan Doe in the landmark case "Doe v. Regional School Unit 26", which is also referred to as "Doe v. Clenchy". In 2007, when Maines was in 5th grade in elementary school at Asa Adams Elementary School in Orono, Maine, the grandfather of a male classmate complained about Maines using the girls' bathroom. Following that incident, she was barred from using the female bathroom and forced to use the staff bathroom. With the help of the Maine Human Rights Commission, Maines and her family filed a complaint against the Orono school district, which is now called RSU 26, claiming the school was discriminating against her. The school district did not take any action to address the complaint, so the family filed a lawsuit against the district. The case eventually made its way up to the state Supreme Court in Bangor, and the Gay and Lesbian Advocates and Defenders of Boston represented Maines and her family. The oral arguments were mainly focused on the tension between a law passed in the 1920s that requires gender-segregated bathrooms and a 2005 provision in the Maine Human Rights Act that prohibits sexual orientation-based discrimination.


title: Nicole Maines

text: In June 2014, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court ruled 5–1 that the school district violated the state's Human Rights Act, and prohibited the district from barring transgender students access to bathrooms consistent with their gender identity. Maines and her family were provided compensation of $75,000 following the discrimination lawsuit. It was the first time in the nation that a court ruled it unlawful to force a transgender student to use the bathroom associated with the sex they were assigned at birth and the first time Maine's Supreme Court interpreted amendments to the Maine Human Rights Act as prohibiting sexual orientation based discrimination.


title: Nicole Maines

text: In 2015, Maines and her family were the subject of "Becoming Nicole: The Transformation of an American Family", a book by "Washington Post" writer Amy Ellis Nutt. It chronicles the family coming to terms with Maines' being transgender. In June 2015, Maines appeared on the USA Network show "Royal Pains" as a transgender teen whose hormones might be endangering her health. In 2016, Maines was one of 11 individuals featured in an HBO documentary titled "The Trans List." In the documentary, Maines and several other people relate their personal stories of being transgender.


title: Nicole Maines

text: In July 2018, it was announced that Maines would appear as a series regular in the fourth season of The CW series "Supergirl". She appeared as Nia Nal, a distant relative of Legion member Dream Girl, and played the first transgender superhero on television. Her character is described as a "soulful woman with a fierce drive to protect others." The character is a reporter whom Kara takes under her wing.She would remain on the series until its end in November 2021, and reprise the role in a final season episode of "The Flash" in 2023.


title: Nicole Maines

text: In 2019, Maines starred in "Bit", a horror movie about queer female vampires, winning the top acting prize at the Outfest Los Angeles LGBTQ Film Festival.


title: Nicole Maines

text: Maines penned the comic book debut of her character from "Supergirl", Nia Nal/Dreamer, for DC Pride#1 in 2021. It was announced that she would also pen a solo series on Dreamer in 2022. She co-wrote the script for Dreamer's debut in the comic "" as well, which was released on July 12, 2022.


title: Terpene

text: Terpenes () are a class of natural products consisting of compounds with the formula (CH) for n > 1. Comprising more than 30,000 compounds, these unsaturated hydrocarbons are produced predominantly by plants, particularly conifers. Terpenes are further classified by the number of carbons: monoterpenes (C), sesquiterpenes (C), diterpenes (C), as examples. The terpene alpha-pinene, is a major component of the common solvent, turpentine.


title: Terpene

text: The term "terpene" was coined in 1866 by the German chemist August Kekulé to denote all hydrocarbons having the empirical formula CH, of which camphene was one. Previously, many hydrocarbons having the empirical formula CH had been called "camphene", but many other hydrocarbons of the same composition had had different names. Kekulé coined the term "terpene" in order to reduce the confusion. The name "terpene" is a shortened form of "terpentine", an obsolete spelling of "turpentine".


title: Terpene

text: Although sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids (or isoprenoids) are modified terpenes that contain additional functional groups, usually oxygen-containing. The terms terpenes and terpenoids are often used interchangeably, however. Furthermore, terpenes are produced from terpenoids and many terpenoids are produced from terpenes. Both have strong and often pleasant odors, which may protect their hosts or attract pollinators. The inventory of terpenes and terpenoids is estimated at 55,000 chemical entities.


title: Terpene

text: The 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Leopold Ružička "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes", "including the first chemical synthesis of male sex hormones."


title: Terpene

text: Terpenes are major biosynthetic building blocks. Steroids, for example, are derivatives of the triterpene squalene. Terpenes and terpenoids are also the primary constituents of the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. In plants, terpenes and terpenoids are important mediators of ecological interactions. For example, they play a role in plant defense against herbivory, disease resistance, attraction of mutualists such as pollinators, as well as potentially plant-plant communication. They appear to play roles as antifeedants. Other functions of terpenoids include cell growth modulation and plant elongation, light harvesting and photoprotection, and membrane permeability and fluidity control.


title: Terpene

text: Higher amounts of terpenes are released by trees in warmer weather, where they may function as a natural mechanism of cloud seeding. The clouds reflect sunlight, allowing the forest temperature to regulate.


title: Terpene

text: Some insects use some terpenes as a form of defense. For example, termites of the subfamily Nasutitermitinae ward off predatory insects through the use of a specialized mechanism called a fontanellar gun, which ejects a resinous mixture of terpenes.


title: Terpene

text: The one terpene that has major applications is natural rubber (i.e. polyisoprene). The possibility that other terpenes could be used as precursors to produce synthetic polymers has been investigated as an alternative to the use of petroleum-based feedstocks. However, few of these applications have been commercialized. Many other terpenes, however, have smaller scale commercial and industrial applications. For example, turpentine, a mixture of terpenes (e.g. pinene), obtained from the distillation of pine tree resin, is used as an organic solvent and as a chemical feedstock (mainly for the production of other terpenoids). Rosin, another by-product of conifer tree resin, is widely used as an ingredient in a variety of industrial products, such as inks, varnishes and adhesives. Rosin is also used by violinists (and players of similar bowed instruments) to increase friction on the bow hair. Terpenes are widely used as fragrances and flavors in consumer products such as perfumes, cosmetics and cleaning products, as well as food and drink products. For example, the aroma and flavor of hops comes, in part, from sesquiterpenes (mainly α-humulene and β-caryophyllene), which affect beer quality. Some form hydroperoxides that are valued as catalysts in the production of polymers.


title: Terpene

text: Many terpenes have been shown to have pharmacological effects, although most studies are from laboratory research, and clinical research in humans is preliminary. Terpenes are also components of some traditional medicines, such as aromatherapy.


title: Terpene

text: Reflecting their defensive role in plants, terpenes are used as active ingredients of pesticides in agriculture.


title: Terpene

text: Terpenes are colorless, although impure samples are often yellow. Boiling points scale with molecular size: terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes respectively at 110, 160, and 220 °C. Being highly non-polar, they are insoluble in water. Being hydrocarbons, they are highly flammable and have low specific gravity (float on water). They are tactilely light oils considerably less viscous than familiar vegetable oils like corn oil (28 cP), with viscosity ranging from 1 cP (a la water) to 6 cP. Terpenes are local irritants and can cause gastrointestinal disturbances if ingested.


title: Terpene

text: "Terpenoids" (mono-, sesqui-, di-, etc.) have similar physical properties but tend to be more polar and hence slightly more soluble in water and somewhat less volatile than their terpene analogues. Highly polar derivatives of terpenoids are the glycosides, which are linked to sugars. These are water-soluble solids.


title: Terpene

text: Conceptually derived from isoprenes, the structures and formulas of terpenes follow the biogenetic isoprene rule or the C rule, as described in 1953 by Leopold Ružička and colleagues. The C isoprene units are provided in the form of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). DMAPP and IPP are structural isomers to each other. This pair of building blocks are produced by two distinct metabolic pathways: the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and the non-mevalonate (MEP) pathway. These two pathways are mutually exclusive in most organisms, except for some bacteria and land plants. In general, most archaea and eukaryotes use the MVA pathway, while bacteria mostly have the MEP pathway. IPP and DMAPP are final products of both MVA and MEP pathways and the relative abundance of these two isoprene units is enzymatically regulated in host organisms.


title: Terpene

text: The mevalonate (MVA) pathway is distributed in all three domains of life; archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. The MVA pathway is universally distributed in archaea and non-photosynthetic eukaryotes, while the pathway is sparse in bacteria. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, some species possess the MVA pathway, while others have the MEP pathway or both MVA and MEP pathways. This is due to the acquisition of the MEP pathway by a common ancestor of Archaeplastida (algae + land plants) through the endosymbiosis of ancestral cyanobacteria that possessed the MEP pathway. The MVA and MEP pathways were selectively lost in individual photosynthetic lineages.


title: Terpene

text: Also, the archaeal MVA pathway is not completely homologous to the eukaryotic MVA pathway. Instead, the eukaryotic MVA pathway is closer to the bacterial MVA pathway.


title: Terpene

text: The non-mevalonate pathway or the 2-"C"-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway starts with pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) as the carbon source.


title: Terpene

text: C IPP and C DMAPP are the end-products in either pathway, and are the precursors of terpenoids with various carbon numbers (typically C to C), side chains of (bacterio)chlorophylls, hemes and quinones. Synthesis of all higher terpenoids proceeds via formation of geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).


title: Terpene

text: In both MVA and MEP pathways, IPP is isomerized to DMAPP by the enzyme isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase. IPP and DMAPP condense to give geranyl pyrophosphate, the precursor to monoterpenes and monoterpenoids.


title: Terpene

text: Geranyl pyrophosphate is also converted to farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, respectively C and C precursors to sesquiterpenes and diterpenes (as well as sesequiterpenoids and diterpenoids). Biosynthesis is mediated by terpene synthase.


title: Terpene

text: The genomes of many plant species contain genes that encode terpenoid synthase enzymes imparting terpenes with their basic structure, and cytochrome P450s that modify this basic structure.


title: Terpene

text: Terpenes can be visualized as the result of linking isoprene (CH) units "head to tail" to form chains and rings. A few terpenes are linked “tail to tail”, and larger branched terpenes may be linked “tail to mid”.


title: Terpene

text: Strictly speaking all monoterpenes have the same chemical formula CH. Similarly all sesquiterpenes and diterpenes have formulas of CH and CH respectively. The structural diversity of mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes is a consequence of isomerism.


title: Terpene

text: Terpenes and terpenoids are usually chiral. Chiral compounds can exist as non-superposable mirror images, which exhibit distinct physical properties such as odor or toxicity.


title: Terpene

text: Most terpenes and terpenoids feature C=C groups, i.e. they exhibit unsaturation. Since they carry no functional groups aside from their unsaturation, terpenes are structurally distinctive. The unsaturation is associated with di- and trisubstituted alkenes. Di- and trisubstituted alkenes resist polymerization (low ceiling temperatures) but are susceptible to acid-induced carbocation formation.


title: Terpene

text: Terpenes may be classified by the number of isoprene units in the molecule; a prefix in the name indicates the number of isoprene pairs needed to assemble the molecule. Commonly, terpenes contain 2, 3, 4 or 6 isoprene units; the tetraterpenes (8 isoprene units) form a separate class of compounds called carotenoids; the others are rare.


title: Terpene

text: While terpenes and terpenoids occur widely, their extraction from natural sources is often problematic. Consequently, they are produced by chemical synthesis, usually from petrochemicals. In one route, acetone and acetylene are condensed to give 2-Methylbut-3-yn-2-ol, which is extended with acetoacetic ester to give geranyl alcohol. Others are prepared from those terpenes and terpenoids that are readily isolated in quantity, say from the paper and tall oil industries. For example, α-pinene, which is readily obtainable from natural sources, is converted to citronellal and camphor. Citronellal is also converted to rose oxide and menthol.


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI is the third non-fiction book by the American journalist David Grann. The book was released on April 18, 2017 by Doubleday. "Time" magazine listed "Killers of the Flower Moon" as one of its top ten non-fiction books of 2017. A film adaptation directed by Martin Scorsese and set to star Leonardo DiCaprio, Robert De Niro, Jesse Plemons, Brendan Fraser, and Lily Gladstone is currently in production for a 2023 release.


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: The book investigates a series of murders of wealthy Osage people that took place in Osage County, Oklahoma in the early 1920s—after big oil deposits were discovered beneath their land. After the Osage are awarded rights in court to the profits made from oil deposits found on their land, the Osage people prepare to receive the wealth to which they are legally entitled from sales of their oil deposits.


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: The Osage are viewed as the "middle man" and a complex plot is hatched to eliminate the Osage inheritors on a one-by-one basis by any means possible. Officially, the count of the full-blooded, wealthy Osage victims reaches at least twenty, but Grann suspects that hundreds more may have been killed because of their ties to oil. The book details the newly formed FBI's investigation of the murders, as well as the eventual trial and conviction of cattleman William Hale as the mastermind behind the plot.


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: The review aggregator website Book Marks indicated that overall "Killers of the Flower Moon" received rave reviews from literary critics.


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: Writing for "The New York Times", Dave Eggers called the book "riveting" and wrote, "in these last pages, Grann takes what was already a fascinating and disciplined recording of a forgotten chapter in American history, and with the help of contemporary Osage tribe members, he illuminates a sickening conspiracy that goes far deeper than those four years of horror. It will sear your soul."


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: Sean Woods of "Rolling Stone" praised Grann's book, noting, "In his masterful new book...Grann chronicles a tale of murder, betrayal, heroism and a nation's struggle to leave its frontier culture behind and enter the modern world... Filled with almost mythic characters from our past – stoic Texas Rangers, corrupt robber barons, private detectives, and murderous desperadoes like the Al Spencer gang – Grann's story amounts to a secret history of the American frontier."


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: A reviewer of "Publishers Weekly" stated ""New Yorker" staff writer Grann ("The Lost City of Z") burnishes his reputation as a brilliant storyteller in this gripping true-crime narrative, which revisits a baffling and frightening—and relatively unknown—spree of murders occurring mostly in Oklahoma during the 1920s."


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: Ed Vulliamy of "The Guardian" wrote, "The genocide by white America against Native nations during the century leading up to Grann’s period is a metaphor for humanity’s decimation of the natural world which the Natives saw as sacred. Grann’s book is a timely and disturbing chapter in the original, terrible atrocity."


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: The book is being adapted into a film directed by Martin Scorsese and starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Robert De Niro, Lily Gladstone, Brendan Fraser, and Jesse Plemons on a budget of over $200 million. It will be released theatrically by Paramount Pictures and stream on Apple TV+ in 2023.


title: Killers of the Flower Moon

text: Though the role of Tom White, the lead FBI agent, was initially written for DiCaprio, DiCaprio pushed to have his role changed to the nephew of the film's primary antagonist, who will be played by De Niro. As a result, it was reported that Jesse Plemons was cast as Tom White to replace DiCaprio, while DiCaprio was cast as Ernest Burkhart.


title: Blue Banisters

text: Blue Banisters is the eighth studio album by American singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey. It was released on October 22, 2021, by Interscope and Polydor Records, seven months after her previous record, "Chemtrails over the Country Club". The album was produced by Del Rey, Zachary Dawes, Loren Humphrey, Mike Dean, Barrie-James O'Neill, Rick Nowels, and several others.


title: Blue Banisters

text: Two singles preceded the album, the title track, "Blue Banisters", and "Arcadia"; "Text Book" and "Wildflower Wildfire" were also released ahead of the album as promotional singles. "Blue Banisters" peaked at number eight on the US "Billboard" 200 and reached number one in Argentina and the Netherlands. The album received positive reviews from music critics, most of whom complimented Del Rey's introspective lyrics.


title: Blue Banisters

text: On March 19, 2021, Del Rey released her seventh studio album "Chemtrails over the Country Club". A day later, she announced her next album, originally titled "Rock Candy Sweet", would be released in June. On April 11, 2021, Del Rey uploaded a short teaser with the caption "Blue Banisters" to her Instagram. The teaser shows a picture of Del Rey looking up to the sky. On April 28, she took to social media to announce the album, which was slated for release on July 4. Later the same day, Del Rey posted a trailer for the title track and its accompanying music video to Instagram with the caption: "Sometimes life makes you change just in time for the next chapter" and to Twitter with the caption: "I'm writing my own story. And no one can tell it but me".


title: Blue Banisters

text: In an interview with fashion magazine "W" on May 17, 2021, Del Rey detailed her experience writing the album:I’ve been practicing meditative automatic singing, where I don’t filter anything. I’ll just sing whatever comes to mind into my Voice Notes app. It’s not perfect, obviously. There are pauses, and I stumble. But I’ve been sending those really raw-sounding files to a composer, Drew Erickson, and he’ll add an orchestra beneath the words, matching each syllable with music and adding reverb to my voice. When I’m automatic singing, I don’t have the time and leisure to think about things in terms of colors. It’s very cerebral.The title track, "Text Book", and "Wildflower Wildfire" were released as singles on May 20, 2021. On July 3, 2021, Del Rey revealed the album cover on her Instagram, along with a teaser for an upcoming single, captioned "Album out later later... Single out soonish. Have a good fourth x". The album artwork shows Del Rey sitting on a wooden deck with her dogs Tex and Mex. On September 3, 2021, Del Rey posted the cover for the single "Arcadia" on her Instagram account and revealed the song would be released the following Wednesday, September 8. A day before the release of the song, Del Rey shared an additional snippet, captioning it with a small written teaser of the album's general themes, mentioning she's never felt the need to explain her story "but if you’re interested this album does tell it- and does pretty much nothing more." On September 8, 2021, the album's pre-order was released along with "Arcadia", revealing the album would be released October 22, 2021.


title: Blue Banisters

text: Musically, "Blue Banisters" has been described as a folk, pop, jazz, and Americana record. It has been described by "The A.V. Club" lyrically as her "breakup record", while "Spin" regards it as an "observational project".


title: Blue Banisters

text: The promotion for "Blue Banisters" was minimal compared to Del Rey's previous releases, mainly due to Del Rey deactivating her social media accounts in September 2021.


title: Blue Banisters

text: The official album artwork was revealed on July 4, 2021, the album's original release date. Del Rey addressed this, captioning the post "Happy fourth, Album out later". The cover depicts Del Rey sitting on a porch between her dogs, Tex and Mex (who are mentioned in the album's title track). The artwork references Tracy Nelson's album cover for "Poor Man's Paradise" (1973).


title: Blue Banisters

text: Alternate covers for the album were released on September 8, 2021, alongside the album's track listing and digital and physical pre-orders. Retail chains Target, HMV, and Urban Outfitters revealed their exclusive editions of the record featuring more alternate covers, all photographed by Neil Krug.


title: Blue Banisters

text: "Blue Banisters" was released on October 22, 2021, by Interscope and Polydor Records. The same day, in promotion of the album, Del Rey appeared on the American late-night talk show "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" and performed "Arcadia".


title: Blue Banisters

text: Upon release, "Blue Banisters" received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received an average score of 80, based on 21 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Aggregator AnyDecentMusic? gave it 7.4 out of 10, based on their assessment of the critical consensus.


title: Blue Banisters

text: "The A.V Club"s Tatiana Tenreyo stated ""[Blue] Banisters" is a reminder that when the singer-songwriter is in charge of her vision and fully taps into her emotions, she's still capable of crafting breathtaking beauty." Mike Wass of "Variety" wrote the album "offers a rare glimpse of an artist securing her legacy, one song at a time." For "The Independent", Ben Bryant wrote a positive review, calling it "one revelation colours the singer's entire body of work", noting "it is far more elliptical and mysterious than it first appears". Giving the album four out of five stars, Sarah Grant of "Rolling Stone" commented "Her second album of the year is dense and abstract, turning inward and finding solace in sisterhood." Sam Sodomsky for "Pitchfork" praised Del Rey's songwriting, noting the record "is a sweeping survey of her talent as a songwriter, stripped of the aesthetic borders she often places around her work." Rhian Daly of "NME" called "Blue Banisters" "a defiant and delicate return." In their mixed reviews, "The Guardian" and "The Observer" critics stated the album struggled from "samey-ness", wavering quality, and familiar but confusing themes.


title: Blue Banisters

text: "Blue Banisters" debuted at number eight on the "Billboard" 200 with 33,000 album-equivalent units, which consisted of 19,000 pure sales and 14,000 streaming units (calculated from 18.6 million on-demand streams of the album). It was Del Rey's eighth consecutive record to reach the top 10 in the US, but her first to miss the top-three since her debut studio album, "Lana Del Ray" (2010); however, "Blue Banisters" debuted at number one on the "Billboard" Alternative Album chart. "Blue Banisters" become her sixth consecutive number one on the chart and her second of the year, after March's "Chemtrails over the Country Club", setting a record, with Del Rey being the artist with the most number ones on the Alternative Album charts since its inception.


title: Liquid

text: A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container. Most liquids resist compression, although others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, leading to wetting phenomena. Water is by far the most common liquid on Earth.


title: Liquid

text: The density of a liquid is usually close to that of a solid, and much higher than that of a gas. Therefore, liquid and solid are both termed condensed matter. On the other hand, as liquids and gases share the ability to flow, they are both called fluids. Although liquid water is abundant on Earth, this state of matter is actually the least common in the known universe, because liquids require a relatively narrow temperature/pressure range to exist. Most known matter in the universe is in gaseous form (with traces of detectable solid matter) as interstellar clouds or plasma from within stars.


title: Liquid

text: Liquid is one of the four primary states of matter, with the others being solid, gas and plasma. A liquid is a fluid. Unlike a solid, the molecules in a liquid have a much greater freedom to move. The forces that bind the molecules together in a solid are only temporary in a liquid, allowing a liquid to flow while a solid remains rigid.


title: Liquid

text: A liquid, like a gas, displays the properties of a fluid. A liquid can flow, assume the shape of a container, and, if placed in a sealed container, will distribute applied pressure evenly to every surface in the container. If liquid is placed in a bag, it can be squeezed into any shape. Unlike a gas, a liquid is nearly incompressible, meaning that it occupies nearly a constant volume over a wide range of pressures; it does not generally expand to fill available space in a container but forms its own surface, and it may not always mix readily with another liquid. These properties make a liquid suitable for applications such as hydraulics.


title: Liquid

text: Liquid particles are bound firmly but not rigidly. They are able to move around one another freely, resulting in a limited degree of particle mobility. As the temperature increases, the increased vibrations of the molecules causes distances between the molecules to increase. When a liquid reaches its boiling point, the cohesive forces that bind the molecules closely together break, and the liquid changes to its gaseous state (unless superheating occurs). If the temperature is decreased, the distances between the molecules become smaller. When the liquid reaches its freezing point the molecules will usually lock into a very specific order, called crystallizing, and the bonds between them become more rigid, changing the liquid into its solid state (unless supercooling occurs).


title: Liquid

text: Only two elements are liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure: mercury and bromine. Four more elements have melting points slightly above room temperature: francium, caesium, gallium and rubidium. Metal alloys that are liquid at room temperature include NaK, a sodium-potassium metal alloy, galinstan, a fusible alloy liquid, and some amalgams (alloys involving mercury).


title: Liquid

text: Pure substances that are liquid under normal conditions include water, ethanol and many other organic solvents. Liquid water is of vital importance in chemistry and biology, and it is necessary for all known forms of life.


title: Liquid

text: Important everyday liquids include aqueous solutions like household bleach, other mixtures of different substances such as mineral oil and gasoline, emulsions like vinaigrette or mayonnaise, suspensions like blood, and colloids like paint and milk.


title: Liquid

text: Many gases can be liquefied by cooling, producing liquids such as liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen and liquid helium. Not all gases can be liquified at atmospheric pressure, however. Carbon dioxide, for example, can only be liquified at pressures above 5.1 atm.


title: Liquid

text: Some materials cannot be classified within the classical three states of matter. For example, liquid crystals (used in liquid-crystal displays) possess both solid-like and liquid-like properties, and belong to their own state of matter distinct from either liquid or solid.


title: Liquid

text: In tribology, liquids are studied for their properties as lubricants. Lubricants such as oil are chosen for viscosity and flow characteristics that are suitable throughout the operating temperature range of the component. Oils are often used in engines, gear boxes, metalworking, and hydraulic systems for their good lubrication properties.


title: Liquid

text: Many liquids are used as solvents, to dissolve other liquids or solids. Solutions are found in a wide variety of applications, including paints, sealants, and adhesives. Naphtha and acetone are used frequently in industry to clean oil, grease, and tar from parts and machinery. Body fluids are water-based solutions.


title: Liquid

text: Surfactants are commonly found in soaps and detergents. Solvents like alcohol are often used as antimicrobials. They are found in cosmetics, inks, and liquid dye lasers. They are used in the food industry, in processes such as the extraction of vegetable oil.


title: Liquid

text: Liquids tend to have better thermal conductivity than gases, and the ability to flow makes a liquid suitable for removing excess heat from mechanical components. The heat can be removed by channeling the liquid through a heat exchanger, such as a radiator, or the heat can be removed with the liquid during evaporation. Water or glycol coolants are used to keep engines from overheating. The coolants used in nuclear reactors include water or liquid metals, such as sodium or bismuth. Liquid propellant films are used to cool the thrust chambers of rockets. In machining, water and oils are used to remove the excess heat generated, which can quickly ruin both the work piece and the tooling. During perspiration, sweat removes heat from the human body by evaporating. In the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning industry (HVAC), liquids such as water are used to transfer heat from one area to another.


title: Liquid

text: Similarly, liquids are often used in cooking for their better heat-transfer properties. In addition to better conductivity, because warmer fluids expand and rise while cooler areas contract and sink, liquids with low kinematic viscosity tend to transfer heat through convection at a fairly constant temperature, making a liquid suitable for blanching, boiling, or frying. Even higher rates of heat transfer can be achieved by condensing a gas into a liquid. At the liquid's boiling point, all of the heat energy is used to cause the phase change from a liquid to a gas, without an accompanying increase in temperature, and is stored as chemical potential energy. When the gas condenses back into a liquid this excess heat-energy is released at a constant temperature. This phenomenon is used in processes such as steaming. Since liquids often have different boiling points, mixtures or solutions of liquids or gases can typically be separated by distillation, using heat, cold, vacuum, pressure, or other means. Distillation can be found in everything from the production of alcoholic beverages, to oil refineries, to the cryogenic distillation of gases such as argon, oxygen, nitrogen, neon, or xenon by liquefaction (cooling them below their individual boiling points).


title: Liquid

text: Liquid is the primary component of hydraulic systems, which take advantage of Pascal's law to provide fluid power. Devices such as pumps and waterwheels have been used to change liquid motion into mechanical work since ancient times. Oils are forced through hydraulic pumps, which transmit this force to hydraulic cylinders. Hydraulics can be found in many applications, such as automotive brakes and transmissions, heavy equipment, and airplane control systems. Various hydraulic presses are used extensively in repair and manufacturing, for lifting, pressing, clamping and forming.


title: Liquid

text: Liquids are sometimes used in measuring devices. A thermometer often uses the thermal expansion of liquids, such as mercury, combined with their ability to flow to indicate temperature. A manometer uses the weight of the liquid to indicate air pressure.


title: Liquid

text: Quantities of liquids are measured in units of volume. These include the SI unit cubic metre (m) and its divisions, in particular the cubic decimeter, more commonly called the litre (1 dm = 1 L = 0.001 m), and the cubic centimetre, also called millilitre (1 cm = 1 mL = 0.001 L = 10 m).


title: Liquid

text: The volume of a quantity of liquid is fixed by its temperature and pressure. Liquids generally expand when heated, and contract when cooled. Water between 0 °C and 4 °C is a notable exception.


title: Liquid

text: On the other hand, liquids have little compressibility. Water, for example, will compress by only 46.4 parts per million for every unit increase in atmospheric pressure (bar). At around 4000 bar (400 megapascals or 58,000 psi) of pressure at room temperature water experiences only an 11% decrease in volume. Incompressibility makes liquids suitable for transmitting hydraulic power, because a change in pressure at one point in a liquid is transmitted undiminished to every other part of the liquid and very little energy is lost in the form of compression.


title: Liquid

text: However, the negligible compressibility does lead to other phenomena. The banging of pipes, called water hammer, occurs when a valve is suddenly closed, creating a huge pressure-spike at the valve that travels backward through the system at just under the speed of sound. Another phenomenon caused by liquid's incompressibility is cavitation. Because liquids have little elasticity they can literally be pulled apart in areas of high turbulence or dramatic change in direction, such as the trailing edge of a boat propeller or a sharp corner in a pipe. A liquid in an area of low pressure (vacuum) vaporizes and forms bubbles, which then collapse as they enter high pressure areas. This causes liquid to fill the cavities left by the bubbles with tremendous localized force, eroding any adjacent solid surface.


title: Liquid

text: In a gravitational field, liquids exert pressure on the sides of a container as well as on anything within the liquid itself. This pressure is transmitted in all directions and increases with depth. If a liquid is at rest in a uniform gravitational field, the pressure formula_1 at depth formula_2 is given by


title: Liquid

text: Static liquids in uniform gravitational fields also exhibit the phenomenon of buoyancy, where objects immersed in the liquid experience a net force due to the pressure variation with depth. The magnitude of the force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the object, and the direction of the force depends on the average density of the immersed object. If the density is "smaller" than that of the liquid, the buoyant force points "upward" and the object floats, whereas if the density is "larger", the buoyant force points "downward" and the object sinks. This is known as Archimedes' principle.


title: Liquid

text: Unless the volume of a liquid exactly matches the volume of its container, one or more surfaces are observed. The presence of a surface introduces new phenomena which are not present in a bulk liquid. This is because a molecule at a surface possesses bonds with other liquid molecules only on the inner side of the surface, which implies a net force pulling surface molecules inward. Equivalently, this force can be described in terms of energy: there is a fixed amount of energy associated with forming a surface of a given area. This quantity is a material property called the surface tension, in units of energy per unit area (SI units: J/m). Liquids with strong intermolecular forces tend to have large surface tensions.


title: Liquid

text: A practical implication of surface tension is that liquids tend to minimize their surface area, forming spherical drops and bubbles unless other constraints are present. Surface tension is responsible for a range of other phenomena as well, including surface waves, capillary action, wetting, and ripples. In liquids under nanoscale confinement, surface effects can play a dominating role since – compared with a macroscopic sample of liquid – a much greater fraction of molecules are located near a surface.


title: Liquid

text: The surface tension of a liquid directly affects its wettability. Most common liquids have tensions ranging in the tens of mJ/m, so droplets of oil, water, or glue can easily merge and adhere to other surfaces, whereas liquid metals such as mercury may have tensions ranging in the hundreds of mJ/m, thus droplets do not combine easily and surfaces may only wet under specific conditions.


title: Liquid

text: The surface tensions of common liquids occupy a relatively narrow range of values when exposed to changing conditions such as temperature, which contrasts strongly with the enormous variation seen in other mechanical properties, such as viscosity.


title: Liquid

text: An important physical property characterizing the flow of liquids is viscosity. Intuitively, viscosity describes the resistance of a liquid to flow.


title: Liquid

text: More technically, viscosity measures the resistance of a liquid to deformation at a given rate, such as when it is being sheared at finite velocity. A specific example is a liquid flowing through a


title: Liquid

text: pipe: in this case the liquid undergoes shear deformation since it flows more slowly near the walls of the pipe


title: Liquid

text: than near the center. As a result, it exhibits viscous resistance to flow. In order to maintain flow, an external force must be applied, such as a pressure difference between the ends of the pipe.


title: Liquid

text: One way to achieve such control is by blending two or more liquids of differing viscosities in precise ratios.


title: Liquid

text: viscosity of lubricating oils. This capability is important since machinery often operate over a range of


title: Liquid

text: The viscous behavior of a liquid can be either Newtonian or non-Newtonian. A Newtonian liquid exhibits a linear strain/stress curve, meaning its viscosity is independent of time, shear rate, or shear-rate history. Examples of Newtonian liquids include water, glycerin, motor oil, honey, or mercury. A non-Newtonian liquid is one where the viscosity is not independent of these factors and either thickens (increases in viscosity) or thins (decreases in viscosity) under shear. Examples of non-Newtonian liquids include ketchup, mayonnaise, hair gels, Play-Doh, or starch solutions.


title: Liquid

text: liquids under sub-millimeter confinement (e.g. in the gap between rigid walls) exhibit a solid-like mechanical response and possess a surprisingly large low-frequency elastic shear modulus, which scales with the inverse cubic power of the confinement length.


title: Liquid

text: The speed of sound in a liquid is given by formula_8 where formula_9 is the bulk modulus of the liquid and formula_10 the density. As an example, water has a bulk modulus of about 2.2 GPa and a density of 1000 kg/m, which gives "c" = 1.5 km/s.


title: Liquid

text: At a temperature below the boiling point, any matter in liquid form will evaporate until reaching equilibrium with the reverse process of condensation of its vapor. At this point the vapor will condense at the same rate as the liquid evaporates. Thus, a liquid cannot exist permanently if the evaporated liquid is continually removed. A liquid at or above its boiling point will normally boil, though superheating can prevent this in certain circumstances.


title: Liquid

text: At a temperature below the freezing point, a liquid will tend to crystallize, changing to its solid form. Unlike the transition to gas, there is no equilibrium at this transition under constant pressure, so unless supercooling occurs, the liquid will eventually completely crystallize. However, this is only true under constant pressure, so that (for example) water and ice in a closed, strong container might reach an equilibrium where both phases coexist. For the opposite transition from solid to liquid, see melting.


title: Liquid

text: The phase diagram explains why liquids do not exist in space or any other vacuum. Since the pressure is zero (except on surfaces or interiors of planets and moons) water and other liquids exposed to space will either immediately boil or freeze depending on the temperature. In regions of space near the earth, water will freeze if the sun is not shining directly on it and vaporize (sublime) as soon as it is in sunlight. If water exists as ice on the moon, it can only exist in shadowed holes where the sun never shines and where the surrounding rock does not heat it up too much. At some point near the orbit of Saturn, the light from the sun is too faint to sublime ice to water vapor. This is evident from the longevity of the ice that composes Saturn's rings.


title: Liquid

text: Two liquids are said to be miscible if they can form a solution in any proportion; otherwise they are immiscible. As an example, water and ethanol (drinking alcohol) are miscible whereas water and gasoline are immiscible. In some cases a mixture of otherwise immiscible liquids can be stabilized to form an emulsion, where one liquid is dispersed throughout the other as microscopic droplets. Usually this requires the presence of a surfactant in order to stabilize the droplets. A familiar example of an emulsion is mayonnaise, which consists of a mixture of water and oil that is stabilized by lecithin, a substance found in egg yolks.


title: Liquid

text: In a liquid, atoms do not form a crystalline lattice, nor do they show any other form of long-range order. This is evidenced by the absence of Bragg peaks in X-ray and neutron diffraction. Under normal conditions, the diffraction pattern has circular symmetry, expressing the isotropy of the liquid. In radial direction, the diffraction intensity smoothly oscillates. This is usually described by the static structure factor "S(q)", with wavenumber "q"=(4π/λ)sin θ given by the wavelength λ of the probe (photon or neutron) and the Bragg angle θ. The oscillations of "S(q)" express the "near order" of the liquid, i.e. the correlations between an atom and a few shells of nearest, second nearest, ... neighbors.


title: Liquid

text: A more intuitive description of these correlations is given by the radial distribution function "g(r)", which is basically the Fourier transform of "S(q)". It represents a spatial average of a temporal snapshot of pair correlations in the liquid.


title: Liquid

text: The above expression for the sound velocity formula_8 contains the bulk modulus "K". If "K" is frequency independent then the liquid behaves as a linear medium, so that sound propagates without dissipation and without mode coupling. In reality, any liquid shows some dispersion: with increasing frequency, "K" crosses over from the low-frequency, liquid-like limit formula_12 to the high-frequency, solid-like limit formula_13. In normal liquids, most of this cross over takes place at frequencies between GHz and THz, sometimes called hypersound.


title: Liquid

text: At sub-GHz frequencies, a normal liquid cannot sustain shear waves: the zero-frequency limit of the shear modulus is formula_14. This is sometimes seen as the defining property of a liquid.


title: Liquid

text: and at hypersound frequencies it shows a similar cross over from the liquid-like limit formula_15 to a solid-like, non-zero limit formula_16.


title: Liquid

text: According to the Kramers-Kronig relation, the dispersion in the sound velocity (given by the real part of "K" or "G") goes along with a maximum in the sound attenuation (dissipation, given by the imaginary part of "K" or "G"). According to linear response theory, the Fourier transform of "K" or "G" describes how the system returns to equilibrium after an external perturbation; for this reason, the dispersion step in the GHz to THz region is also called relaxation. According to the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, relaxation "towards" equilibrium is intimately connected to fluctuations "in" equilibrium. The density fluctuations associated with sound waves can be experimentally observed by Brillouin scattering.


title: Liquid

text: On supercooling a liquid towards the glass transition, the crossover from liquid-like to solid-like response moves from GHz to MHz, kHz, Hz, ...; equivalently, the characteristic time of structural relaxation increases from ns to µs, ms, s, ... This is the microscopic explanation for the above-mentioned viscoelastic behaviour of glass-forming liquids.


title: Liquid

text: The mechanisms of atomic/molecular diffusion (or particle displacement) in solids are closely related to the mechanisms of viscous flow and solidification in liquid materials. Descriptions of viscosity in terms of molecular "free space" within the liquid


title: Liquid

text: were modified as needed in order to account for liquids whose molecules are known to be "associated" in the liquid state at ordinary temperatures. When various molecules combine together to form an associated molecule, they enclose within a semi-rigid system a certain amount of space which before was available as free space for mobile molecules. Thus, increase in viscosity upon cooling due to the tendency of most substances to become "associated" on cooling.


title: Liquid

text: Similar arguments could be used to describe the effects of pressure on viscosity, where it may be assumed that the viscosity is chiefly a function of the volume for liquids with a finite compressibility. An increasing viscosity with rise of pressure is therefore expected. In addition, if the volume is expanded by heat but reduced again by pressure, the viscosity remains the same.


title: Liquid

text: The local tendency to orientation of molecules in small groups lends the liquid (as referred to previously) a certain degree of association. This association results in a considerable "internal pressure" within a liquid, which is due almost entirely to those molecules which, on account of their temporary low velocities (following the Maxwell distribution) have coalesced with other molecules. The internal pressure between several such molecules might correspond to that between a group of molecules in the solid form.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Carlos Manuel Brito Leal de Queiroz (; born 1 March 1953) is a Portuguese football coach who currently is the head coach of the Iran national team. He has served as the manager of his native Portugal's national team, the United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Iran, Colombia and Egypt, leading South Africa (2002), Portugal (2010) and Iran (2014, 2018, and 2022) to the FIFA World Cup. At club level, he has also managed Sporting CP, the New York/New Jersey Metrostars in Major League Soccer and Spanish club Real Madrid. He also had two spells as Alex Ferguson's assistant manager at English club Manchester United.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Queiroz has won several awards as a coach in junior levels, and has been successful at senior and club levels, mainly as Alex Ferguson's assistant manager. In 1998, he authored the "Q-Report", which detailed plans to enhance footballer development in the United States.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Queiroz is the longest-serving manager in the history of the Iran national team, serving for almost eight years between 2011 and 2019. He continued the role as manager for Iran national team for World Cup 2022. He is the only manager in the country's history to lead the national team to three consecutive World Cups.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Born in Nampula, Portuguese Mozambique, to Portuguese parents, Queiroz had an undistinguished professional career as a footballer, playing as a goalkeeper in Mozambique before turning to management. He moved to Portugal following Portugal's Carnation Revolution on 25 April 1974, and Mozambique's declaration of independence in 1975. Queiroz is a graduate of the University of Lisbon. He coached the Portuguese under-20 side to two FIFA World Youth Championship wins, in the 1989 and 1991 tournaments.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: In 1984, Queiroz was appointed as assistant manager of Estoril-Praia. After that, Queiroz was appointed senior national team coach in 1991. He had a record of 14 wins in 31 matches. Afterwards, he went on to manage the Portuguese Primeira Divisão team Sporting CP in 1994.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: He subsequently coached the NY/NJ MetroStars in the United States and the Japanese team, Nagoya Grampus Eight. In between, he found time to author the "Q-Report", detailing plans to professionalize the development of footballers in the United States. Queiroz returned to coaching national teams in 1999, when he took the job as head coach of the United Arab Emirates, before becoming head coach of South Africa in 2000. Under Queiroz, South Africa qualified for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, but Queiroz resigned in March 2002 before the finals after falling out with the South African Football Association. Queiroz was part of FIFA XI coaching staff, alongside Brazilian Carlos Alberto Parreira, in a humanitarian friendly match played in war-torn Sarajevo against Bosnia and Herzegovina on 25 April 2000.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Queiroz became a coach at English club Manchester United in June 2002. He began his work at the start of the 2002–03 season, working alongside Alex Ferguson, who had gone without an assistant manager since the departure of Steve McClaren in the middle of 2001.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Queiroz's position at Manchester United as assistant manager attracted the attention of Real Madrid, who wanted Queiroz as their manager to replace departing manager Vicente del Bosque in the summer of 2003. It was an opportunity to work with FIFA World Player of the Year award winners Zinedine Zidane, Ronaldo and Luís Figo, an opportunity that Queiroz felt unable to turn down. He was appointed on a two-year contract, only a week after the arrival of Manchester United player David Beckham.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Real Madrid got off to a good start of the 2003–04 season, defeating Mallorca in the Supercopa de España. By mid-season, the team topped the La Liga table and was in contention for the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League trophies. However, they lost their final five matches and finished in fourth place, with Valencia winning the title. Real Madrid also disappointed in the Copa del Rey and the Champions League, ending the season with the Supercopa de España as the only trophy won. Following ten months at Real Madrid, Queiroz joined the long list of managerial failures at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, as he was sacked in May 2004.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Queiroz returned to United as Ferguson's assistant in June 2004. Some sources noted the effect of his absence on the club's 2003–04 season, in which they came third in the league and exited early from the Champions League.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: In his 2014 autobiography, United captain Roy Keane stated that an argument with Queiroz about loyalty was one of the reasons why the Irishman quit the club in 2005. Keane said during ITV's coverage of the 2018 FIFA World Cup that "one of my big regrets is that I probably should have ripped his head off".


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Queiroz was linked with managerial roles with Portuguese side Benfica and the United States national team in 2006 but he remained with Manchester United to help them win the Premier League in 2007. Queiroz was often seen conducting interviews with BBC programmes, such as "Match of the Day", as at the time Alex Ferguson refused to speak with the BBC after allegations by the BBC's "Panorama" programme that Ferguson's younger son Jason, and then Portsmouth manager Harry Redknapp, had been involved in corruption regarding cuts in transfer fees. Some of Queiroz's post-match opinions on refereeing were controversial. For example, in 2008 Queiroz was – unsuccessfully – charged with improper conduct by the Football Association after describing referee Martin Atkinson's performance in a match as "a disgrace".


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: In late March 2008, it was reported that Benfica had, once again, approached Queiroz to become their manager and had made a formal request to Manchester United. United were heavily involved in the 2007–08 Premier League title race, five points clear at the top, with just seven games remaining, and also were still competing in the Champions League – being in the quarter-finals at the time of the enquiry. Queiroz did not make any public response to the approach.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Following Benfica's approach, and amid rumors of an opening as the Portugal national coach, Alex Ferguson started to push for Queiroz to be his successor as manager at Old Trafford and discouraged any possible suitors from approaching him. However, rumours over the summer of 2008 continued to link Queiroz with the Portugal national team managers' role, following the departure of Luiz Felipe Scolari. On 11 July 2008, Manchester United agreed to release Queiroz from his contract, and he was appointed manager for the Portuguese national team.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: On 11 July 2008, it was announced that Queiroz was leaving Manchester United, having agreed to a four-year contract to become the head coach of the Portugal national team.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Portugal struggled under his management during the qualification for the 2010 World Cup. Despite kick-starting their World Cup qualification campaign with a comfortable 4–0 win against Malta in Ta' Qali, Queiroz's team failed to win any of their subsequent four matches.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Home form was poor, with a 3–2 defeat to Denmark followed by 0–0 draws against Albania and Sweden. Together with another goalless draw in Stockholm against Sweden, these results left Portugal with only six points out of a possible 15 and on the brink of missing a major international tournament for the first time since 1998. Building on an improving reliability in defence, Portugal defeated Albania in Tirana 2–1 with a late goal, tied 1–1 against Denmark on 5 September, beat Hungary 1–0 and again 3–0 in the return match, and finally defeated Malta 4–0. These results, together with a defeat of Sweden to Denmark, enabled Portugal to finish the campaign second in the group with 19 points, one ahead of Sweden, and qualify for the UEFA play-offs. They played Bosnia and Herzegovina in home and away legs. Portugal won 1–0 in Lisbon and followed up with a 1–0 victory in Zenica, and as a result they advanced to the finals of the 2010 World Cup.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: At the World Cup, Portugal drew 0–0 with the Ivory Coast but then beat North Korea 7–0, the heaviest victory in the World Cup since Germany's 8–0 defeat of Saudi Arabia in 2002. This rout virtually guaranteed Portugal passage to the second round and a second goalless draw with Brazil confirmed qualification. In the second round, they lost to Spain 1–0 and were knocked out having failed to score in three of their four World Cup matches.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Quieroz was suspended for six months by the Portuguese Anti-Doping Authority (Autoridade Antidopagem de Portugal) on 30 August 2010, when he was judged to have disrupted their pre-World Cup procedures; he had been suspended for a month by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) for using inappropriate language towards the testers, a lesser charge that he admitted to. He was sacked by the FPF on 9 September. On 23 March 2011, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld his appeal against the Anti-Doping Authority, annulling his suspension.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: On 4 April 2011, Queiroz agreed to a two-and-a-half-year deal to coach Iran until the end of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil alongside goalkeeping coach Dan Gaspar and assistant coach Omid Namazi.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Since Queiroz's role as manager of the Iran national team, he has been renowned for introducing players from the Iranian diaspora to the national squad. These players include German Iranians Daniel Davari and Ashkan Dejagah, Dutch Iranian Reza Ghoochannejhad, Swedish Iranians Omid Nazari and Saman Ghoddos, and Iranian American Steven Beitashour among others.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Iran, under Queiroz, began their World Cup qualification campaign successfully, defeating the Maldives 4–0 in the first leg of their second round of qualifiers. After winning 5–0 on aggregate, Iran advanced to the third round of qualifiers, where they were drawn with Indonesia, Qatar and Bahrain. Iran highlighted their position at the top of their group by defeating Bahrain 6–0 at home in the Azadi Stadium, as well as inviting former German youth international, Ashkan Dejagah, who scored twice on his debut against Qatar. After a 4–1 win at Indonesia, Iran qualified for the final round of direct qualifiers, the fourth round.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: In the fourth round, Iran were drawn with South Korea, Qatar, Uzbekistan, and Lebanon in their group. Queiroz made new foreign-based additions to his squad, adding players such as Reza Ghoochannejhad to his team. Iran started their fourth round of Asian qualifiers with a 1–0 win in Uzbekistan. "Team Melli" then drew Qatar and lost in Lebanon before defeating South Korea at the Azadi on 16 October with a goal from captain Javad Nekounam. After a 1–0 loss in Tehran against Uzbekistan, Iran defeated Qatar 1–0 in Doha and Lebanon 4–0 at home. In their last qualification match, Iran defeated South Korea 1–0 in Ulsan Munsu with a goal from European-based Ghoochannejhad, resulting in their qualification to the 2014 World Cup as group winners with 16 points. Thus, Iran became the third team that Queiroz managed to qualify for the World Cup, having reached the 2002 edition with South Africa and the 2010 edition with Portugal, leading the latter to a knockout stage finish.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Iran qualified for the 2014 World Cup as group winners and competed in Group F alongside Argentina, Nigeria, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 1 June 2014, Queiroz announced his 23-man squad. Prior to the tournament, they founded the Central Asian Football Association.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: In the opening match of the tournament on 16 June, Iran drew Nigeria 0–0, making it their first clean sheet of the FIFA World Cup. In their next match, Iran was defeated by Argentina 1–0 with a late goal from Lionel Messi, and received praise after holding Argentina for 90 minutes while creating some attacking opportunities of their own. Iran was eliminated from the tournament in their next game, a 3–1 defeat to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Iran's lone goal was scored by Reza Ghoochannejhad. Based on a "Forbes" report, his salary as an Iranian team manager was US$2,098,060 during the 2014 FIFA World Cup.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Iran continued their winning streak after 2014 World Cup qualification, securing qualification to the 2015 Asian Cup months later as the highest ranked seed. Iran qualified for the 2015 AFC Asian Cup as group winners, where they were the highest ranked seed. Iran faced Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates in Group C.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: With the second highest number of fans in the tournament after hosts Australia, the Iranians defeated Bahrain 2–0 with limited preparations. A defensive-minded Iran then defeated Qatar 1–0 thanks to a Sardar Azmoun goal before defeating the UAE by the same scoreline to reach the top of their group.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: In the quarter-finals, Iran faced underdog Iraq, who they had beaten weeks prior in a friendly match. Having received a controversial red card in the first half from referee Ben Williams, Iran led a valiant effort with ten men, scoring two goals late in extra time to draw the match 3–3. In the ensuing penalty shootout, Iran lost 7–6 in sudden death.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: Iran began their 2018 World Cup qualification campaign with friendly matches against Chile and Sweden in March 2015. Queiroz resigned from his managerial post thereafter due to disagreements with the Iranian Football Federation. On 14 April 2015, Iran were drawn with Oman, India, Turkmenistan, and Guam in the second round of qualifiers.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: On 26 April, Queiroz announced that he would continue as the manager of Iran for their 2018 World Cup campaign. Iran ended their second round qualifying with a 4–0 victory against India and a 2–0 win against Oman. Iran finished top of the group with 20 points from eight games, Queiroz and his team managed to avoid defeat and remain unbeaten in the second round of World Cup qualifying. Iran was placed in Pot 1 alongside Australia for the draw of the third round of World Cup qualifying. They drew with South Korea, Uzbekistan, Qatar, China and Syria. With two games remaining, Iran qualified to the World Cup with defeating Uzbekistan at the Azadi Stadium. They became third team to qualify to the World Cup after host Russia and Brazil.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: After going undefeated in qualification, Iran beat Morocco 1–0 in their opening match of the tournament thanks to a late own goal from Aziz Bouhaddouz, but lost 1–0 to Spain in their second match. Their final match saw Queiroz come up against his home country, Portugal; after going 1–0 down, goalkeeper Alireza Beiranvand saved a penalty from Cristiano Ronaldo to give Iran hope, but they had to wait until injury time at the end of the second half for an equaliser from Karim Ansarifard. The draw might have been enough to see Iran into the knockout phase for the first time in their history at the expense of the Spaniards, but Spain's injury-time equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Morocco meant they qualified with Portugal.


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: On 23 September 2018, Queiroz extended his contract until the 2019 AFC Asian Cup, hoping to win Iran's first continental title since 1976. With wins over Yemen and Vietnam, and a draw with neighbours Iraq, Iran won Group D and progressed to the round of 16, where they met the third-placed team from Group F, Oman. A 2–0 win over Oman set up a quarter-final against China, whom they beat 3–0. However, in his 100th match in charge of Iran, the semi-final against Japan saw Queiroz's team concede their first goals of the tournament, all in the second half, losing 3–0. After the match, he left "Team Melli".


title: Carlos Queiroz

text: On 7 February 2019, Queiroz took over as the new manager of Colombia on a three-year contract. He was the only European and African coaching a South American national team, and was the fourth European manager to be in charge of the Colombian team after Friedrich Donnenfeld, Toza Veselinović and Blagoje Vidinić. His stint with Colombia began with the 2019 Copa América, where Colombia took first place with a perfect nine points, including a 2–0 win over Argentina. However, Colombia was knocked out by Chile in the last eight, where Colombia was saved with two goals for Chile being disallowed but failed bitterly in the penalty shootout.