title: Books of Blood

text: Davidson reaches the town, where a posse of gun-toting locals are eager to slay the monsters. After a violent confrontation in which the townsfolk manage to kill one of the largest creatures along with Aaron, the remaining creatures vanish and arrange for Davidson and a few survivors to become trapped in quicksand, which then hardens when they are half-buried. Trapped, they are left to die in the burning desert heat.


title: Books of Blood

text: The idea of a group of people sinking in quicksand which then hardens around them was later used by Barker in the film "Lord of Illusions."


title: Books of Blood

text: Lewis is a 73-year-old man who goes to Paris after his friend, Phillipe, is arrested for butchering a young woman. After insisting that an orangutan committed the murder, Phillipe commits suicide in his cell. Lewis does not believe the story until he sees the primate firsthand. The beast is dressed like a person, completely shaved, and wields a razor. Lewis learns Philippe, a notorious eccentric, raised the animal himself as a strange experiment based on the Edgar Allan Poe story "The Murders in the Rue Morgue". Despairing at the fact others seem unable to see the orangutan as the animal it is, Lewis throws himself into the Seine, as the orangutan continues to present and live as a human.


title: Books of Blood

text: An escaped convict dies behind a film screen while hiding from the police. Over the months following his death, a cancerous tumour in the convict's body gains sentience from the strong emotions of the cinema's audiences and comes to life. After one night's show, the creature hunts down several patrons remaining in the cinema, projecting images of John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe as vivid hallucinations to lure them in and consume them, but it is seemingly destroyed in turn by the cinema's usher. Some time later, the usher, having tracked down a girl who escaped after being taken over by the creature, confronts it with acid and kills it once and for all.


title: Books of Blood

text: During an unusually warm summer in rural Kent, the ancient monster Rawhead, a nine-foot tall malevolent humanoid, is accidentally awakened from his underground imprisonment. Rawhead goes on a rampage through a local village, killing and eating several townsfolk, corrupting the local verger to serve him and fatally wounding the village's vicar, Reverend Coot. The vicar lives long enough to instruct local man Ron Milton, father of one of Rawhead's victims, to find a talisman within the church to fight the beast; the talisman depicts a pregnant woman, Rawhead's antithesis and the only thing he fears. While Rawhead attempts to burn down the village, Milton uses the talisman to stall him long enough for the enraged villagers to overpower and kill him.


title: Books of Blood

text: "Rawhead Rex" has a structure similar to "Alien" or "The Thing from Another World", but uses a rural setting. The story was later turned into the film "Rawhead Rex" (1986), which Barker wrote but then disowned after being dissatisfied with the direction and overall production.


title: Books of Blood

text: Ronnie is a rule-abiding Catholic falsely implicated by the Mafia to be the leader of a pornography cartel. After killing two mobsters in revenge, Ronnie is brutally tortured and murdered by the Mafia, after which he manifests as a ghost. Animating the shroud covering his body in the morgue, he takes revenge on the rest of his enemies.


title: Books of Blood

text: After being chased by the animated shroud, the mob boss primarily responsible for Ronnie's ordeal runs into his home, only to find his wife cheating on him with his assistant, so he shoots both of them dead. In a gory climax, the ghost enters the mouth of the mob boss and turns him inside out.


title: Books of Blood

text: Afterwards, the ghost uses his remaining few moments on Earth to knock on the door of a priest, wanting to receive last rites, but the priest is too busy photographing a naked girl and does not answer.


title: Books of Blood

text: The story is written as a black comedy, revolving around the visual gag of a real ghost actually taking on the form of a floating bedsheet.


title: Books of Blood

text: A yacht is stranded on the beach of a deserted island that is located at a point in the Atlantic Ocean where converging undersea currents bring all the human bodies of sailors drowned at sea. The hundreds of bodies littering the ocean floor, unfortunately for the stranded crew, aren't as dead as they should be.


title: Books of Blood

text: A young gay prostitute is hired by an archaeologist. During the course of the night, he stumbles into the bathroom to discover a Roman-esque statue of a man lying in the bath. Over the next few weeks, he has the sense of being haunted by a doppelgänger. At the same time, his mind and body transforms; he becomes cold and lifeless, no longer needing to eat or sleep. He finally discovers his doppelgänger, the statue from the bath, at his father's grave, crying in sorrow, as he is unmoved. It becomes clear that the doppelgänger has become more convincing as a human than he is, so he wanders away, allowing it to continue living in his persona.


title: Books of Blood

text: A young man named Karney and his friends beat up a vagrant for fun. Karney steals a strange knotted piece of string he finds on the vagrant. A keen fan of puzzles, Karney undoes the knots that evening, not knowing that, in doing so, he is releasing a succession of demons who proceed to kill off his friends. The demons seem progressively more advanced, appearing to evolve with each knot. When he realizes what he has done, Karney has to seek out the vagrant for help.


title: Books of Blood

text: In a bizarre version of a revolution, it appears that all human beings' hands have their own consciousness and are not happy at being ordered what to do by their owners. The hands of a factory worker named Charlie plan to lead the revolution. Charlie's hands even have their own personalities, with Left being more cautious and Right being very determined and even proclaiming itself a Messiah. Right – against Charlie's own wishes – chops off Left, who scuttles away to summon other hands to do the same before returning to rescue Right, starting a violent revolution of human limbs.


title: Books of Blood

text: A woman named Virginia is unwillingly taken on a tour through the U.S. by her unfeeling husband, a preacher named John Gyer. They stay at a motel which is visited by the ghosts of Buck and Sadie, a married couple who stayed there thirty years before. In the same room, Sadie murdered Buck and was subsequently put to death for the murder. Buck and Sadie find that Virginia has the ability to both see and hear them. Meanwhile, a scuffle ensues when John discovers their driver, Earl, has been giving Virginia pills to help her deal with her anxiety issues. While looking for Earl to confront him about the pills, John finds the married driver in bed with the daughter of the motel owner, Laura-May.


title: Books of Blood

text: Virginia ends up getting her hands on the same murder weapon used by Sadie thirty years prior, which Laura-May has kept as a souvenir. Virginia uses the gun to try to kill Buck's ghost, who managed partial materialization in order to attempt to rape her, but the bullet goes through him and finds its way into John's throat, killing him. Virginia contemplates suicide, but Sadie's ghost advises her to plead insanity. Whilst being taken in by the local sheriff, someone asks her why she did it. Virginia answers "the Devil made me do it" while gazing at the moon with "the craziest smile she (can) muster".


title: Books of Blood

text: The shortest story of the collection relates the tale of a wealthy middle-aged businessman, Gregorius, who becomes depressed when he believes God has deserted him, and he comes up with a plan to build a Hell on Earth to summon Satan, believing that God will then sweep him (Gregorius) out of Satan's clutches and into his heavenly fold. In his vast Satanic Cathedral, Gregorious soon loses sight of his original intention of attracting God's attention, and is captured after torturing hundreds of people to death in the well-equipped torture chambers. It is deliberately left ambiguous whether Gregorius went insane, or if he really did succeed in tempting Satan into taking residence in his own personal Hell.


title: Books of Blood

text: A private laboratory runs experiments on volunteers to investigate the libido and try to develop a chemical aphrodisiac. One of the experiments goes wrong, when a man suddenly goes insane with lust. His perpetual state of arousal erodes his respect for morality or the law. He rapes, murders, and mutilates one of the scientists and then escapes to cause wanton mayhem, eventually burning himself out and dying.


title: Books of Blood

text: Helen is a university student doing a thesis on graffiti who selects a run-down estate as a focus for her study. She notices disturbing graffiti that references an urban legend called the Candyman. Further inquiries lead her to believe this is connected with recent murders and mutilations, although the locals are reluctant to discuss the incidents. She eventually encounters the Candyman himself.


title: Books of Blood

text: This story was later adapted and made into the successful film series "Candyman", starting with the 1992 film.


title: Books of Blood

text: A man named Jerry is trying to talk a local shady businessman into financing the redevelopment of an old swimming pool complex. However, the pool has some mysterious inhabitants in the form of nude teenage girls who flee should Jerry or his would-be financial backer encounter them. A swimming pool in the centre is unlike the other pools in the building, in that it is full, glows with a strange light, and appears to be inhabited by some misshapen life-form. Curiosity leads Jerry to return to the place, which somehow causes him to wake up one morning to see that he has been transformed into a woman.


title: Books of Blood

text: A young woman named Vanessa Jape happens across a secluded compound in which a group of elderly scientists and scholars use their great minds to determine the outcome of major world events. After living there for many years in seclusion, their decisions have degenerated and are now based on games of chance. When Vanessa and the men seek to flee the compound, they experience a car accident; all the elders are killed with the exception of one who refused to go along. Vanessa returns to the compound, forced to participate in the games of chance with the survivor until replacements can be found.


title: Books of Blood

text: A prison inmate named Cleve gets a new cellmate, a mysterious young man called Billy, who admits that he committed a crime with the sole intention of coming to this particular prison. Billy believes he has been summoned there by his grandfather Tait, a supposedly powerful sorcerer who was buried in the prison after his execution for murder many years before. Billy's efforts to summon Tait's spirit cause Cleve to be haunted by dreams of a purgatory for murderers, where killers are obliged to spend some portion of their afterlife in a replica of the scene of their crime. Later, Billy vanishes from his cell. His grandfather's coffin is exhumed and found to contain Billy curled up next to his grandfather's corpse. Once released, Cleve finds his travels to purgatory have left him able to hear when others have thoughts of murder. He becomes disillusioned with humanity and becomes a heroin addict to suppress his newfound powers. Cleve later commits a murder himself and is shot dead by the police. He spends an indeterminate amount of time in his own purgatory, then discovers escape is possible via reincarnation.


title: Books of Blood

text: Following a brush with cancer and a subsequent hysterectomy, a woman named Elaine becomes fascinated with a church that is being demolished. She encounters a cheerfully morbid man with skeletal features named Kavanagh, who shares her fascination. The demolition soon reveals a tomb of plague victims that had been fermenting for centuries, and Elaine breaks in at night to see the bodies. Later, when her friends begin to die off and the police come after her, Elaine takes refuge with Kavanagh, who she firmly believes is really Death. Kavanagh, a serial killer and necrophile, strangles and rapes Elaine. As her soul flees her body, Elaine feels a sick sort of glee when she realizes that Kavanagh is now the carrier of the plague she contracted in the tomb, and will spread it far and wide.


title: Books of Blood

text: Several European mercenaries, led by a cold-hearted man named Locke, have bought land in the jungles of South America that is inhabited by a tribe of Amazonian natives. When the tribe refuse to leave, one of Locke's cohorts impulsively and accidentally shoots a native child dead. The elder of the tribe puts a curse on the men which strikes them down one by one with a gruesome condition that makes their bodies incredibly delicate; a mote of dust can slice their skin open, the soles of their feet crack when they stand, etc. After his men die off, Locke returns to the tribe to beg for forgiveness. However, when he gets there, the tribe has been massacred by some of his other colleagues. Locke begins to suffer the symptoms of the deadly curse just as he realizes there is now no way of having it removed.


title: Books of Blood

text: A British spy named Ballard stationed in Berlin meets with a KGB counterpart named Mironenko. After their meeting, Mironenko disappears. As Ballard investigates, he witnesses a vicious mauling, which in turn, leads him to discover that he and Mironenko are both werewolves, trained by each agency to defeat the other. Both governments raid their meeting place, causing Mironenko to transform fully. Ballard runs and wakes up in a fellow operative's house. Ballard's rival, Suckling, arrives and kills the agent, only to be killed by the transformed Ballard. Ballard seeks Mironenko, and finds him reading from the Holy Bible to a group of werewolves. The passages he has chosen strongly imply that Mironenko believes God wants them to rule over humankind.


title: Books of Blood

text: The story begins when an illusionist named Swann is killed backstage by one of his own tricks, with several swords falling on him. Before his death, Swann gives his wife Dorothea a letter stating she must cremate his body immediately before enemies take action. Believing there are unseen dangers at play, Dorothea hires Harry D'Amour to guard the body, having read in newspapers that the private investigator seemingly encountered supernatural forces during a case in Brooklyn. D'Amour learns that the illusionist once made a deal with demons in order to possess actual magical power. With the assistance of Swann's underling Valentin, secretly a demon himself, D'Amour protects Swann's body and cremates it. A demon called Butterfield tells D'Amour that he is now marked as an enemy of the forces of Hell.


title: Books of Blood

text: This story was the debut of Harry D'Amour, who would appear in other Clive Barker writings and eventually encounter Barker's popular creation the Hell Priest (Pinhead). This short story was later adapted by Barker himself into the 1995 film "Lord of Illusions".


title: Books of Blood

text: Only included in some UK editions of the "Books of Blood", this tale is a sequel to "The Book of Blood" from Volume One, creating a framing story. Wyburd is hired to obtain the stories of Simon McNeal, the Book of Blood, for a collector. He captures McNeal and skins him. Later, the skin bleeds and won't stop, finally drowning Wyburd. He ends up on the highways of the dead, where he tells his own story.


title: Books of Blood

text: This story, along with the prologue from Volume One, was adapted and directed twice. First for the film "Book of Blood" by John Harrison and then for the 2020 Brannon Braga film "Books of Blood".


title: Books of Blood

text: With the publication of the first volume, Barker became an overnight sensation and was hailed by Stephen King as "the future of horror". The book won both the British Fantasy Award and the World Fantasy Award.


title: Books of Blood

text: Neil Gaiman reviewed "Books of Blood" for "Imagine magazine", and stated that "for those of you who wonder how far it is possible for an author to go, you need look no further, as hands attempt to rule the world, frogs succeed (sort of), and there's something unpleasant behind every door."


title: Books of Blood

text: Eighteen of the stories in the "Books of Blood" have been adapted by Eclipse Books in the comic series "Tapping the Vein" as well as other titled adaptations.


title: Books of Blood

text: Several of the stories have been adapted into films: "Rawhead Rex" (adapted into the 1986 film), "The Forbidden" (adapted into the 1992 film "Candyman"), "The Last Illusion" (adapted into the 1995 film "Lord of Illusions"), "The Body Politic" (adapted as part of the 1997 anthology film "Quicksilver Highway"), "The Midnight Meat Train" (adapted into the 2008 film), "Dread" (adapted into the 2009 film), and "The Book of Blood" and "On Jerusalem Street (a postscript)" (combined and adapted into the 2007 film "Book of Blood" and the 2020 film "Books of Blood"). "The Yattering and Jack" was adapted by Barker himself into an episode of the fourth season of the television series "Tales from the Darkside" (1987).


title: Tamina Snuka

text: Sarona Moana Marie Reiher Snuka-Polamalu (born January 10, 1978) is an American professional wrestler. She is currently signed to WWE, where she performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Tamina. She is a one-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champion and a nine-time WWE 24/7 Champion. She is a second generation professional wrestler, the daughter of the Hall of Famer Jimmy Snuka.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: Snuka first became involved in professional wrestling after she received the first Lia Maivia Scholarship to train at the Wild Samoan Training Center in Minneola, Florida.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On the May 24, 2010, episode of "Raw", Snuka debuted as a villainous character, under the ring name Tamina, along with Jimmy and Jey Uso by attacking the Unified Tag Team Champions, The Hart Dynasty (David Hart Smith, Tyson Kidd, and Natalya). The next week on the May 31 episode of "Raw", Tamina and The Usos introduced themselves and stated that the Hart Dynasty were in the "wrong place at the wrong time", before again brawling with the trio. On June 20 at Fatal 4-Way, Tamina and the Usos were defeated by the Hart Dynasty in a six-person mixed tag team match, after Natalya pinned Tamina. Two weeks later on the June 21 episode of "Raw", Tamina made her singles debut against Natalya, but the match ended in a no contest after The Nexus interrupted the match. On the June 28 episode of "Raw", Tamina and The Usos were scheduled to face The Hart Dynasty in another six-person mixed tag team match, but instead attacked them during their entrance, leading to Tamina throwing Natalya in the ring and executing the Superfly Splash on her. On the July 12 episode of "Raw", Tamina and The Usos won their first match by defeating The Hart Dynasty in a six-person mixed tag team match. At the Money in the Bank pay-per-view, Tamina accompanied The Usos to a tag team match against The Hart Dynasty, which the Usos lost. On the July 26 episode of "Raw", Tamina, along with Jimmy Uso accompanied Jey Uso to a singles match against Randy Orton, but Jey was unsuccessful in defeating Orton.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On the August 9 episode of "Raw", Tamina began flirting with Santino Marella, hinting a face turn. Two weeks later, Tamina accompanied The Usos in a tag team match against Marella and Vladimir Kozlov in a losing effort, but Tamina would then afterwards stop the Usos from attacking Marella, and blew a kiss to him as she left the ring. On the September 27 episode of "Raw", Tamina competed in a Divas battle royal to determine the number one contender to the WWE Divas Championship, which was ultimately won by Natalya. On the October 11 episode of "Raw", Tamina joined Santino Marella after his victory over Zack Ryder and celebrated with him. A few weeks later on the November 8 episode of "Raw", Tamina teamed with Alicia Fox and Maryse in a "Diva Cup Match" in a losing effort to Eve Torres and The Bella Twins. On the November 15 episode of "Raw", Tamina accompanied The Usos to a number one contender's tag team match against Santino Marella and Vladimir Kozlov in a losing effort. Tamina made a backstage appearance with Marella and Kozlov on the November 22 episode of "Raw", when she serenaded and kissed Marella. Two weeks later on the November 29 episode of "Raw", Tamina teamed with Alicia Fox and Maryse in a six-Diva tag team match against Natalya, Gail Kim and Melina, but was distracted by Marella serenading her, and she left the ring with him.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On the December 6 episode of "Raw", Tamina began an on-screen relationship with Marella, beginning by accompanying him and his partner Vladimir Kozlov in a three-team elimination tag team match against the teams of The Nexus (Justin Gabriel and Heath Slater) and The Usos in a winning effort, as Tamina got into the ring and kissed Marella, officially becoming the valet of the team. On the December 20 episode of "Raw", Tamina teamed with Marella in a mixed tag team match in a winning effort against Maryse and Ted DiBiase Jr. The next week on the December 27 episode of "Raw", Snuka accompanied Marella to a win against Ted DiBiase. On the January 3 episode of "Raw", Tamina accompanied Marella and Vladimir Kozlov in a tag team match against The Usos in a losing effort.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: After being drafted to the SmackDown brand as part of the 2011 supplemental draft, Tamina made her "SmackDown" debut as a villain on the May 27 episode of "SmackDown", teaming with Alicia Fox to defeat the team of AJ and Kaitlyn, who were accompanied by their mentor Natalya. A week later on "SmackDown", Tamina and Fox again defeated AJ and Kaitlyn, with Tamina pinning AJ. On the June 23 episode of "Superstars", Tamina competed in a six-Diva tag team match with Alicia Fox and Rosa Mendes in a losing effort to AJ, Kaitlyn and Natalya. Tamina then began appearing on the fifth season of "NXT", debuting on the October 26 episode in a loss to Kaitlyn. On the November 2 episode of "NXT Redemption", Tamina would lose again in a rematch against Kaitlyn. Tamina would then begin an on-screen relationship with JTG, becoming his valet. She accompanied him on the November 9 episode of "NXT Redemption" in a losing effort against Jimmy Uso.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On the December 30 episode of "SmackDown", Tamina teamed with Natalya in a losing effort to Kaitlyn and Alicia Fox, and would afterwards attack Natalya, turning face in the process, and beginning a feud between the two about their respective families. Over the next two weeks on "SmackDown", Tamina would defeat Natalya in singles competition. On the February 10 episode of "SmackDown", Tamina saved Alicia Fox from an attack by the WWE Divas Champion Beth Phoenix. Tamina and Beth would then have a stare down, which resulted in Snuka challenging Phoenix for her title. Tamina, now billed as Tamina Snuka, received her title shot on February 19 at the Elimination Chamber pay-per-view, but was defeated by Phoenix. On the April 25 episode of "NXT Redemption", Snuka and Kaitlyn defeated the team of Maxine and Natalya. On the June 6 episode of "NXT Redemption", Snuka defeated Natalya. At the Money In The Bank pay-per-view, Snuka teamed up with Kaitlyn and Layla, defeating the team of Beth Phoenix, Natalya and Eve Torres. Snuka appeared on the re-branded NXT three days later, where she defeated Kaitlyn. On the August 20 episode of "Raw", Snuka competed in a number one contender's battle royal, but was unsuccessful in winning the match. Also during the match, Snuka suffered a legitimate back injury.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: After three months of inactivity, Snuka returned from injury on November 18 at the Survivor Series pay-per-view as a heel, interrupting a segment between AJ Lee and Vickie Guerrero by attacking AJ from behind. Snuka made her in-ring return on the November 26 episode of "Raw", defeating Alicia Fox. On the January 28, 2013 episode of "Raw", Snuka faced Divas Champion Kaitlyn in a non-title lumberjill match, however, the match ended in a no-contest after the lumberjills interfered. On February 17 at Elimination Chamber, Snuka unsuccessfully challenged Kaitlyn for the Divas Championship. On the June 5 episode of "NXT", Snuka was defeated by Paige in the first round of the NXT Women's Championship tournament to crown the inaugural champion.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: Snuka returned to WWE programming in late September 2013, taking on the role as Divas Champion AJ Lee's bodyguard. Snuka helped AJ retain her Divas Championship at Battleground by attacking challenger Nikki Bella. On the November 13 episode of "Main Event", AJ retained her title against Natalya after Snuka interfered and attacked Natalya. This led to a match between Snuka and Natalya on the November 15 episode of "SmackDown", which Snuka lost. AJ went on to captain a team at Survivor Series in a seven-on-seven elimination tag team match against the cast of "Total Divas", where Snuka was the penultimate eliminated, courtesy of Natalya, and competed on a rematch the next night on the November 25 episode of "Raw", where she eliminated The Funkadactyls (Cameron and Naomi) before being pinned and eliminated by JoJo.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On February 23, 2014, at the Elimination Chamber pay-per-view, Snuka accidentally superkicked AJ during her title match against Cameron, and eventually caused a disqualification when Cameron almost won the match. This signaled tension between the two, which was followed by their back-to-back losses in tag team competition, leading to Snuka shoving AJ to the ground. On April 6, Snuka made her WrestleMania debut, competing at WrestleMania XXX in the 14-Diva "Vickie Guerrero Invitational match" for the WWE Divas Championship, which was won by the defending champion AJ Lee. After AJ lost her Divas Championship to Paige the next night on "Raw", and was subsequently granted time off from WWE, Snuka won a battle royal to become the number one contender to Paige's Divas Championship. Snuka faced Paige for the title at Extreme Rules on May 4, but failed to win.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: Eleven months after having undergone surgery following a torn ACL on June 4, 2014, Snuka, billed simply as Tamina again, returned on the May 4, 2015, episode of "Raw", allying herself with Naomi, as the two attacked The Bella Twins. Tamina made her in-ring return on the May 11 episode of "Raw" in a winning effort against Brie Bella, with Naomi in her corner. Tamina and Naomi went on to defeat the Bella Twins in a tag team match at Payback. The following night on "Raw", Tamina interfered in Naomi's Divas Championship match against Nikki Bella, causing a disqualification. After the match, Paige returned from injury and attacked Tamina, Naomi and Nikki. At The Beast in the East on July 4, Tamina failed to capture the Divas Championship from Nikki Bella in a triple threat match that also involved Paige.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On the July 13 episode of "Raw", after weeks of being outnumbered by Team Bella (The Bella Twins and Alicia Fox), Stephanie McMahon called for a "revolution" in the Divas division and introduced the debuting NXT Women's Champion Sasha Banks as an ally to Tamina and Naomi. Charlotte and Becky Lynch would then debut and ally with Paige, leading to a brawl between the three teams. The trio of Tamina, Naomi and Banks was later dubbed Team B.A.D. (Beautiful and Dangerous). At Battleground, a triple threat match took place with Banks representing Team B.A.D., against Charlotte of PCB and Brie Bella for Team Bella in a losing effort, while Charlotte picked up victory. The three teams would ultimately face off at SummerSlam in a three team elimination match, where Team B.A.D. were the first team to be eliminated courtesy of Team Bella when Tamina was pinned by Brie, and PCB would win the match.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On the February 1, 2016, episode of "Raw", Tamina and Naomi attacked Banks after the latter announced her departure from team B.A.D. The feud between Tamina and Naomi and Banks would continue throughout February, and would lead to a tag team match at Fastlane, where Tamina and Naomi lost to Banks and her partner Becky Lynch. In late March, Tamina and Naomi allied with Lana, Emma and Summer Rae, leading to a 10-Diva tag team match on the WrestleMania 32 pre-show, which Tamina's team lost. In early May, Tamina underwent knee surgery in order to repair torn ligaments, while Naomi also claimed to be injured on May 5, due to a torn ankle tendon, thus disbanding the team. After having been undrafted in the 2016 WWE draft due to her injury, it was reported in December that Tamina was cleared for in-ring competition.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On February 18, 2017, Snuka made her in-ring return in a tag-team match at a SmackDown live event, where she and Natalya scored a victory over Alexa Bliss and Carmella. She made her televised return on the April 11 episode of "SmackDown Live", where she was established as a member of the SmackDown brand as part of the "Superstar Shake Up". On the April 25 episode of "SmackDown", Tamina interfered in a title match between Charlotte Flair and Naomi alongside Natalya and Carmella. On May 21 at Backlash, Tamina competed in a six-woman tag team match alongside Carmella and Natalya, where the three emerged victorious over Flair, Naomi, and Becky Lynch. On June 18 at Money in the Bank, Snuka competed in the inaugural women's Money in the Bank ladder match, which was won by Carmella following an interference by James Ellsworth. On the June 20 episode of "SmackDown", Carmella was stripped from the briefcase by SmackDown's general manager, Daniel Bryan, and a rematch took place on the June 27 episode's main event, in which Tamina failed again and Carmella was victorious.<ref name="SmackDown 27/06/17"></ref>


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On the July 4 episode of Smackdown, Tamina comforted Lana after her championship loss, teasing an alliance between the two. Lana later became her manager. On July 23 at Battleground, Snuka unsuccessfully competed in a five-way elimination match to determine the number one contender for the SmackDown Women's Championship after she was eliminated by Becky Lynch. On the September 19 episode of "SmackDown", Snuka participated in a fatal four-way match to determine the number one contender for Natalya's SmackDown Women's Championship against Becky Lynch, Naomi and the returning Charlotte Flair, which was won by Flair. On November 19 at Survivor Series, Tamina represented Team SmackDown in a ten-woman elimination tag team match against Team Raw, losing the match but scoring an elimination over Bayley. On January 28, 2018, at Royal Rumble, Tamina entered at number 7 during the first women's Royal Rumble match, in which she was eliminated by Lita. Shortly thereafter, Tamina would go on hiatus due to a torn rotator cuff and underwent a successful surgery. This ended her partnership with Lana.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On the October 15, 2018, episode of "Raw", after nine months of inactivity due to various injuries, Tamina made a surprising return, working again as a heel. In her first match back, she teamed with Dana Brooke against Ember Moon and Nia Jax. During the match, it was announced that Tamina will be take part of the women's battle royal set for WWE Evolution. At the event, which took place on October 28, Tamina was one of the final competitors left but she was eliminated by Moon. Shortly after her return, Tamina started an alliance with Nia Jax, after multiple confrontations between the two. On the November 12 episode of Raw, Tamina achieved her first singles victory on Raw when she defeated Ember Moon. At Survivor Series, Tamina eliminated Naomi before she got eliminated by Carmella. On the November 19 episode of Raw, Tamina and Nia Jax scored a victory over Bayley and Sasha Banks and later on that night they confronted Ronda Rousey.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: Tamina would participate in the Women's Royal Rumble match at the Royal Rumble on January 27, 2019, entering at number 10, eliminating Mickie James, before being eliminated by Charlotte Flair. Tamina and Jax would compete at the Elimination Chamber in an elimination chamber match for the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship, but were eliminated by Bayley, Sasha Banks, Sonya Deville, and Mandy Rose. On the final show of Raw before Fastlane, Tamina defeated Sasha Banks after a distraction from Jax. At Fastlane on March 10, Tamina and Jax unsuccessfully challenged Banks and Bayley for the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship. Afterwards, Tamina and Jax continued to attack Banks, Bayley, WWE Hall of Famer Beth Phoenix, who was performing commentary, and Natalya. On the March 25 episode of "Raw," it was announced that Tamina and Jax would compete in a Fatal 4-Way match at WrestleMania 35 for the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship against current champions The Boss 'n' Hug Connection (Bayley and Banks), The IIconics (Billie Kay and Peyton Royce) and The Divas of Doom (Phoenix and Natalya). At the event on April 7, Tamina and Jax were unsuccessful when Kay pinned Bayley. Afterwards, Tamina and Jax would stop appearing on Raw after Jax underwent surgery for knee injuries.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: After wrestling on "Main Event" several times and later suffering a concussion in July at a live event, Tamina returned at Hell in a Cell, defeating Carmella backstage for the 24/7 Championship, the first championship of her wrestling career. She later lost the championship to R-Truth later on in the night. As part of the 2019 draft, Tamina was drafted to SmackDown.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: At the Royal Rumble event on January 26, 2020, Tamina competed in the women's Royal Rumble match, entering at number 14, lasting less than a minute before being eliminated by Bianca Belair. On the March 20 episode of "SmackDown", Tamina was announced as a participant in a Fatal 5-Way elimination match for Bayley's SmackDown Women's Championship at WrestleMania 36. At WrestleMania 36, Tamina was the first woman eliminated after the four other competitors pinned her at once. Tamina demanded a title match against Bayley on the April 10 episode of "SmackDown", which Bayley accepted if Tamina could defeat Sasha Banks the following week, which Tamina did, turning her face in the process. At the Money in the Bank event, Tamina failed to win the title. On the August 14 episode of "SmackDown", Tamina competed in a triple brand battle royal to earn a WWE SmackDown Women's Championship match at SummerSlam, which was won by Asuka. On the October 12 episode of "Raw", Tamina competed in another battle royal to earn a match for the Raw Women's Championship, which was won by Lana.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: At the beginning of January 2021, Tamina turned heel once again, when formed an alliance with Natalya while "putting the women's tag team division on notice". At the Royal Rumble event on January 31, 2021, Tamina competed in the women's Royal Rumble match, but was eliminated by Nia Jax and Shayna Baszler. At WrestleMania 37 night 1, Tamina and Natalya won a tag team turmoil match to earn an opportunity at the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship, and the following night, they were unsuccessful. The two would continue feuding with Jax and Baszler, defeating them on the May 14 episode of "SmackDown" to win the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship, which they proceeded to lose to Rhea Ripley and Nikki Cross. At the Money in the Bank event, both women entered the Women's Money in the Bank ladder match, but would be unsuccessful in winning the briefcase as it was won by Nikki A.S.H.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: As part of the 2021 Draft, Tamina was drafted to the Raw brand while Natalya remained on the SmackDown brand, ending the team.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On the January 3 episode of Raw, Tamina failed to win the WWE 24/7 Championship from Dana Brooke in a mixed tag team match also involving Reggie and Akira Tozawa. Tamina, Tozawa, and R-Truth then spent months trying unsuccessfully to win the title from Reggie and later Dana Brooke in various backstage segments. Tamina would however win the title on the April 18 edition of "Raw", during a double wedding ceremony, losing it to her partner, Tozawa after. Later that month, due to him being unable to help her win the title, she filed for divorce.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: After having an ongoing feud with Dana Brooke for the WWE 24/7 Championship, the 2 began to team together. On the August 5 episode of Smackdown, a tag team tournament to crown new champions was announced. Tamina and Brooke were announced as a team on the August 8 episode of Raw. Tamina and Dana Brooke lost in the first round against Iyo Sky and Dakota Kai. Due to an injury from Gigi Dolin after her and Jacy Jayne won round 1 against Natalya and Sonya Deville, it was announced on the August 22 episode of Raw that Tamina and Dana Brooke would be participating in a Second Chance Fatal Four Way to re-enter the Women's Tag Team Tournament on the August 26 episode of Smackdown, in which they lost.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: Snuka has appeared in seven WWE console games. She made her in-game debut in "WWE 2K15" and appears in "WWE 2K16" "WWE 2K17", "WWE 2K18", "WWE 2K19," "WWE 2K20 and "WWE 2K22".


title: Tamina Snuka

text: Snuka is of Samoan and Fijian descent. She is the second daughter of the late WWE Hall of Famer Jimmy Snuka from his second wife, Sharon Snuka. She has an older sister named Liana and younger maternal half-sister Ata. She also is the sister of former WWE wrestler, Deuce. Snuka has two daughters.


title: Tamina Snuka

text: On December 2, 2016, Snuka's father, Jimmy, was reported to be in hospice with a terminal illness. He died on January 15, 2017, in Pompano Beach, Florida at age 73.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Pink is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language legal thriller film directed by Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury and written by Shoojit Sircar, Ritesh Shah and Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury. The film is produced by Rising Sun Films on a total budget of , with screenplay by Shah and music composition by Shantanu Moitra and Anupam Roy. "Pink" features an ensemble cast, which includes Taapsee Pannu, Kirti Kulhari, Andrea Tariang, Amitabh Bachchan, Angad Bedi, Tushar Pandey, Piyush Mishra, and Dhritiman Chatterjee.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: "Pink" was released in worldwide cinemas on 16 September 2016. The film received widespread critical acclaim for the cast performances, execution, story, screenplay and direction. "Pink" emerged as a surprising commercial success earning over globally. The film completed a 50-day run theatrically.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: At the 64th National Film Awards, "Pink" won the category of Best Film on Other Social Issues. "Pink" received 5 nominations at the 62nd Filmfare Awards, including Best Film, Best Actor (Bachchan) and Best Supporting Actress (Kulhari), and won Best Dialogue (Ritesh Shah).


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Three young women — Minal, Falak and Andrea  — meet three affluent men, Raunak, Vishwajyoti, and Rajveer Singh, and they have some drinks together. Suddenly, Raunak, Vishwajyoti, and Rajveer rush to the nearest hospital because Rajveer is bleeding from a heavy injury to his head. At the same time Minal, Falak and Andrea return to their apartment in a taxi. They look disoriented, and it is implied that they have something to do with the incident.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: The three women are independent and live together in New Delhi. They try to move on from what happened that night. During Minal's morning runs, she is observed by an old man in her neighbourhood, Deepak, who senses there is something wrong. Threats arise from Rajveer's friend Ankit, who pushes for revenge for the injury Minal caused Rajveer. The threats result in Falak losing her job. They are discouraged from filing a complaint, stating it would make their daily lives more miserable. In reality, the local police are aware that the men are "well-connected" and backed by Rajveer's uncle Ranjit, an influential politician. Minal goes to a higher-standing police officer and files a complaint.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: The next day, she is kidnapped by Rajveer's friends. Deepak witnesses the incident but is unable to help. Minal is threatened, blackmailed, and molested in the moving car and dropped back home, leaving her shaken. A few days later, she is arrested based on a complaint from Rajveer labeling the women as prostitutes and charging Minal with attempted murder. At this point, Deepak becomes frustrated with the events and, after receiving advice from him, Andrea and Falak discover that he is actually a reputable lawyer in retirement. He helps Falak and Andrea with the bail procedures and decides to represent Minal in court.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: In the courtroom, Rajveer's lawyer, Prashant Mehra, presents the following version of events: Rajveer and his friends meet Minal and her friends at a rock concert. They invite the women for dinner at a resort, where they have drinks. The women provoke the men, become intimate, and thereafter demand money, all signs indicating that they are prostitutes. Rajveer refuses to pay and an enraged Minal hits him on the head with a bottle and flees. Prashant's argument focuses on the poor moral character of the women. He attacks the fact that Minal has family in Delhi but chooses to live alone.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Minal and her friends' statement is this: The men tried to sexually assault them. Rajveer tried to rape Minal, and she attacked him with the bottle in self-defense. Deepak's argument focuses on the issue of consent and a woman's right to say no. A series of chilling courtroom arguments ensues in the following days. Toward the end of the trial, Rajveer becomes enraged and, provoked by Deepak, reveals the truth, stating that the women “got what they deserved”.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Deepak criticizes the regressed views of the society where women are stereotyped as prostitutes if they come home late, move out, want to be independent, drink and so on, but none of these apply to men. He closes with the fact that his client said “NO”. No means no, and does not require further explanation. The women are acquitted while Rajveer, Ankit, and Raunak are charged, with their sentences pending. Vishwajyoti is let off with a warning. The end credits scene reveal what actually happened: the men systematically isolated the women and Rajveer tried to force himself on Minal, who then attacked him with a bottle to his head in self defense.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: In early March 2016 Amitabh Bachchan revealed that he was shooting a film in Delhi. It was rumoured that the film was titled "Eve". On 13 March Bachchan denied the rumours and announced through Twitter that the film is titled "Pink".


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Director-producer Shoojit Sircar informed that Amitabh Bachchan accepted the role and Taapsee Pannu was their first choice. Andrea Tariang was also selected to play the role of one of the girls in the film. Tushar Pandey, Raashul Tandon and Arjun Chakraborty are making their debut with this film.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: The principal photography of the film began in New Delhi on International Women's Day, 2016. The looks of Amitabh Bachchan in the movie was created by Shoojit Sircar however the idea of wearing the mask was suggested by Amitabh Bachchan since Delhi is very polluted.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: During the shoot, Amitabh Bachchan wandered the streets of New Delhi while wearing a costume in which the public could not recognise him. Amitabh Bachchan finished filming his scenes in April 2016.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Taapsee often broke down on the shooting sets as she felt her character was very strong and challenging. She suffered from viral infection during the court scenes and wanted to dub later, however Shoojit felt that her illness would add more authenticity to the scenes. Despite the hardships Taapsee enjoyed filming the scenes.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: The original climax of Rajvir and his friends winning the case was modified so as not to hurt the sentiments of the audience.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: A special screening of the film was held for Amitabh Bachchan's co stars and the leading ladies of Bollywood. However Amitabh Bachchan could not attend the screening due to health issues. Taapsee also arranged a special screening of the film for the Telugu film industry at Hyderabad.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Bishan Singh Bedi, father of Angad Bedi, arranged a special screening of the film in Delhi which was attended by cricketers like Kapil Dev, Virender Sehwag and Yuvraj Singh.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Shoojit Sircar and Amitabh Bachchan questioned their fans on Twitter as to what they think the film title "Pink" is all about. Times of India had opened a contest in which 5 lucky winners got a chance to meet Amitabh Bachchan and other 10 winners got free movie tickets of the movie -Pink. The winners were announced on 15-September-2016.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: The world television premier was held on 23 – October 2016 on Star Gold and to commemorate the same, Amitabh Bachchan's house Jalsa, Carter Road Promenade and SNDT Women's University were illuminated in pink colour.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: The title of the film has no relationship as being the favourite colour of girls but rather conveys that women should have the freedom to speak and walk freely at night.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: The film was specially screened for the Rajasthan Police so as to train them to be sensitive and sensible about women's rights and dignity. The film was also specially screened at Rashtrapati Bhavan and invited for a screening at the United Nations headquarters in New York City.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Meena Iye of "The Times of India" and Shubha Shetty Saha of Indiatimes gave the film 4.5 stars. Mayank Shekhar from "Mid-Day" gave the film 4/5 stars, saying, "The film, up until the closing credits, does not even visually describe the said incident. It grips you still with a gently piercing background score, moments of silence and dialogue, building up the tension, while the audience wonders what really could have happened one unfortunate night when three girls found themselves in a Surajkund resort with three guys."


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Anna M.M. Vetticad of "Firstpost" called Pink a powerful film. "Filmfare", "India Today", "Mumbai Mirror", "Hindustan Times", "The Statesman", and "DNA" have given 4/5 stars, highly appreciating the superlative performances, especially of Amitabh Bachchan. Critics like Anusha Iyengar and Mayank Shekhar called it movie of the year. Namrata Joshi of "The Hindu" also praised the film. Shubhra Gupta of Indian Express gave the film 3.5 stars.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Rajeev Masand from News18 rated the movie as 4.5/5 mentioning that "I left the cinema, my mouth dry at the end of Pink. This isn't just an important film, but also excellently made. It's a giant leap for Hindi cinema, and easily the best film this year".


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: Pink grossed approximately 4.32 crore on first day in India. The first weekend collection was 21.51 crore.


title: Pink (2016 film)

text: At the end of 7 days the domestic box office collection was 35.91 crore. Pink grossed 50 crore in first 10 days in India.


title: Lara Worthington

text: Lara Worthington (née Bingle) (born 22 June 1987) is an Australian model and media personality. She is known for appearing in the 2006 Tourism Australia advertising campaign "So where the bloody hell are you?" Her own reality television series, "Being Lara Bingle", premiered on Network Ten in June 2012, ending after one season.


title: Lara Worthington

text: Lara Bingle dropped out of school at 16 to move to Italy. Her father died in May 2008 from liver and pancreatic cancer.


title: Lara Worthington

text: Lara has been featured on the cover of Australian "Harper's Bazaar", "Elle", "Grazia", "Oyster" and "Cleo". Worthington has also appeared in episodes of "Home and Away " as well as "The Celebrity Apprentice Australia" and "Australia's Next Top Model".


title: Lara Worthington

text: Worthington competed on the Nine Network's celebrity ice dancing show "Torvill and Dean's Dancing on Ice", where she was the last woman to be eliminated, resulting in coming runner-up in the series, and in the channel's ad for the 2006-2007 Ashes series. Nine re-hired Worthington in 2008 as a reporter for a new travel show, "Holidays for Sale".


title: Lara Worthington

text: Worthington signed a one-year deal in 2008 with international phone company Vodafone as one of their official ambassadors. Worthington signed a three-year contract (2008–2011) with swimwear brand Speedo.


title: Lara Worthington

text: Since 2009, Worthington has been an ambassador for Bowel Cancer Australia. On 4 June 2010, Worthington officially launched the 2010, "Love My Family" ad campaign.


title: Lara Worthington

text: Lara was announced as a contestant in the 2011 series of "Dancing with the Stars". The series began airing in May. She was partnered with Carmelo Pizzino. Following her elimination from "Dancing with the Stars" on 26 June 2011, Bingle told "The Kyle and Jackie O Show" that she was shocked and upset at having been kicked off the show, given her competitive streak.


title: Lara Worthington

text: In December 2011, it was announced that Worthington had signed a development deal with Network Ten to star in her own reality television series. Ten commissioned a 10-episode reality television series. The series focuses on both Worthington's personal and professional life. For the series, Worthington relocated to an $8 million Bondi apartment in the hope of making the series more appealing for potential overseas TV buyers. The series "Being Lara Bingle" premiered on 12 June 2012 to over 925,000 viewers, exceeding expectations, but met with mixed reviews from critics, resulting in the show only lasting one season.


title: Lara Worthington

text: Worthington announced in April 2011 a co-ownership in Growlers restaurant located in Torquay between her and Darryn Lyons. The restaurant was sold in 2013.


title: Lara Worthington

text: In August, 2010 and March, 2011, Worthington co-hosted Australia radio show "The Kyle & Jackie O Show".


title: Lara Worthington

text: In January 2012, Worthington signed as a brand ambassador for coconut water brand H2Coco. Worthington appeared in a photoshoot in tropical Bali to kick off the brand's advertising campaign in Australia.


title: Lara Worthington

text: Lara has served as the face of Australian fashion chain Cotton On. In November 2014, Worthington launched a new tanning range called The Base. In 2019, Worthington's beauty brand became not-for-profit and re-branded as Share The Base. In 2021, Worthington was announced as beauty ambassador for Australian vitamin and beauty company Swisse.


title: Lara Worthington

text: On 10 January 2007, Sydney tabloid "The Daily Telegraph" stated that Bingle and Australian cricketer Michael Clarke were in a relationship. On 25 March 2008 it was announced that the pair were engaged after Clarke proposed in New York. Clarke's public relations firm announced the ending of the engagement on 12 March 2010.


title: Lara Worthington

text: On 18 October 2013, it was confirmed that Bingle was in a relationship with fellow Australian and actor Sam Worthington. Bingle announced in 2014 that she was re-locating from Sydney to New York City.


title: Lara Worthington

text: The couple married in 2014 and had a son in 2015. In 2016, Bingle and Worthington had their second child, another son.


title: Lara Worthington

text: In May 2006, Bingle (now Worthington) took legal action against EMAP Australia, which had allegedly published photographs of the model without her permission in the 27 March 2006 issue of Australian men's magazine "Zoo Weekly". Worthington claimed defamation by the manner in which the magazine published the photos.


title: Lara Worthington

text: On 2 March 2010, Worthington started proceedings to sue Brendan Fevola for breach of privacy, defamation and misuse of her image for the release of a nude photo in "Woman's Day" published on 1 March 2010. On 4 March 2010 it emerged that Worthington and her agent, Max Markson, had sold her story relating to this nude photo to the same magazine, "Woman's Day", which had published the controversial photo for nearly A$200,000. This raised considerable controversy because Worthington would discuss for profit a matter she considered serious enough to sue over and from which she claimed to be hurt.


title: Lara Worthington

text: While driving with a suspended licence in Bondi, New South Wales, on 14 May 2012, Worthington was involved in a traffic incident with a female motorcyclist and fled the scene without exchanging details with the injured rider. Appearing in Waverley Court on 18 September 2012, Worthington was fined $3,500 and received a further 12-month driving ban and an 18-month good behaviour bond. She had previously lost her licence because she had committed at least another six driving offences in 2012. On the same licence suspension, she was caught driving twice more in October and November 2013 and was given a six-month suspended jail sentence.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: ArcelorMittal S.A. is a Luxembourgian multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg City. It was formed in 2006 from the takeover and merger of Arcelor by Indian-owned Mittal Steel. ArcelorMittal is the second largest steel producer in the world, with an annual crude steel production of 88 million metric tonnes . It is ranked 197th in the 2022 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's largest corporations. It employs directly and indirectly 200,000 people and its market capital is $25 billion. The total value of company assets is estimated to be around $100 billion.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: The company is involved in research and development, mining, and steel. ArcelorMittal in 2016 produced around 90 million tons of steel. As of May 2017, the company made 200 unique steel grades for automotive purposes, half of which were introduced since 2007. Among the steel varieties are Usibor 2000, which the company announced in June 2016 and released later that year. Upon release, the high-strength automotive steel was said to be about one-third stronger than other steels then available for carmaking.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: ArcelorMittal was formed from the acquisition of Arcelor by Mittal Steel; Mittal Steel was in turn formed from the merger of ISPAT International and LNM Holdings. The company traces its history back to 1976.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: ArcelorMittal was created by the takeover of Western European steel maker Arcelor (Spain, France, and Luxembourg) by Indian-owned multinational steel maker Mittal Steel in 2006, at a cost of €40.37 per share, approximately $33 billion total. Mittal Steel launched a hostile takeover bid, which replaced a previously planned merger between Arcelor and Severstal that had lacked sufficient shareholder approval.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: The resulting merged business was named ArcelorMittal and was headquartered in Luxembourg City. The resulting firm produced approximately 10% of the world's steel, and was by far the world's largest steel company. Total revenues in 2007 were $105 billion.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: By February 2008, the company had 320,000 employees in 60 countries. In October 2008, the market capitalisation of ArcelorMittal was over $30 billion, after peaking at $32.5 billion in September 2008. At the end of 2008, the company reported operating income of around $12 billion.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: In December 2008, ArcelorMittal announced several plant closings, including the Bethlehem Steel plant in Lackawanna, New York, and LTV Steel in Hennepin, Illinois. After purchase of Kryvorizhstal, Ukraine's largest steel producer, employment was scaled back from 57,000 employees to 30,000.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: In 2010, the company's operating income had fallen to $4.9 billion, with sales down 10 percent from the year earlier, and income down 50 percent as steel prices slumped. In 2011, the company began curtailing its European production to match the reduced demand for steel. It also sold Skyline Steel and Astralloy to a rival, Nucor, for $605 million. On 26 January 2011, the stainless steel division split off as a new company, Aperam. , due to overcapacity and reduced demand in Europe, it had idled 9 of 25 blast furnaces; in October 2012 it permanently shut down two blast furnaces at Florange, France. On 31 October 2012, the company reported a third-quarter loss of $709 million as compared to a $659 million profit for the same period a year ago, citing the slow down in China's economy. In 2012 ArcelorMittal had $22 billion of debt.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: In January 2013, ArcelorMittal bid $1.5 billion to acquire ThyssenKrupp AG's rolling mill in Calvert, Alabama, United States. On 26 February 2014, ThyssenKrupp sold their Calvert carbon steel facility to ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel for $1.55 billion, as a new joint venture. The facility was renamed AM/NS Calvert through the 50/50 joint partnership with Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp. The firm also entered into a $2.2 billion contract to develop an iron ore deposit in Senegal. This included construction of a railway line. After it stalled on the contract and failed to build according to schedule, the Government of Senegal sued. In September 2013, the government of Senegal won a court case before an international tribunal to rescind a $2.2 billion deal with ArcelorMittal after the company suspended work on an iron ore mine in the country. In June 2014, the International Chamber of Commerce's arbitration court in Paris awarded Senegal $150 million.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: Dealing with price and demand fluctuations in the steel market, from 2012 to 2014 ArcelorMittal restructured its European division by reducing employee numbers and closing plants. In May 2014, ArcelorMittal, citing economic self-interest, declared its opposition to sanctions on Russia. As of June 2014, ArcelorMittal accounted for 7 percent of world steel production. After being shut out of the Chinese steel industry in 2005, along with other foreign companies, in 2014 the company announced it was planning new plants in China. In 2014, the company had an annual crude steel production of 98.1 million tons.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: Following an investigation first launched in 2008, in August 2016 the South African Competition Commission found the company guilty of price fixing. ArcelorMittal was fined US$110.9 million and, as part of the settlement, also agreed to invest R4.64 billion in capital over five years. According to the findings, the firm had been part of a 17-member-steel group nicknamed "Club Zürich", that later became known as "Club Europe". Between January 1984 and September 2002, the companies fixed the market, prices, and exchanged confidential corporate information.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: In 2015, the company had a net loss of $7.9 billion. Between February 2015 and February 2016, share value dropped 60%, making the company the "worst performer" in the FTSEurofirst300 index. The CEO said the company had performed poorly in 2015 due to "Chinese exports depressing prices". Early in 2016, the company announced it had raised $3 billion in new investment capital to help reduce debt to $11.7 billion of debt. In early 2016 the company also announced a program to boost core profit by $3 billion by 2020 "through a mixture of cost-cutting, increased production and a focus on higher-value forms of steel". Chairman Lakshmi Mittal announced doubled earnings the following year in May 2017. Along with the increase in capital, the company also sold its 35% stake in Gestamp Automacion for $979 million, with the goal of reducing ArcelorMittal's debt to less than $12 billion. By February 2016, the company made about 6% of the world's steel. It ranked 108th in the 2016 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's biggest corporations.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: In February 2017 ArcelorMittal announced its first annual profits in five years. In February 2017, ArcelorMittal and Votorantim announced plans to combine their long steel operations in Brazil. Under the deal, Votorantim Siderurgia became a subsidiary of ArcelorMittal Brasil. In late May 2017, ArcelorMittal and the Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) agreed on preliminary terms to form a $913 million joint venture to export a fifth of the auto-grade steel made by the venture. In March 2017, the company proposed a new US$6.5 billion steel project in Karnataka, after entering into a pact with the Karnataka government in February 2017. In April 2017, Sanjeev Gupta's Liberty House Group announced it had agreed to acquire ArcelorMittal's Georgetown Steelworks in South Carolina. It is ranked 123 in the 2017 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's biggest corporations.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: By March 2017, ArcelorMittal was leading a consortium bidding for Ilva. An Italian company, Ilva owns the Taranto steelworks in southern Italy, which has Europe's largest steel output. The steelworks had been accused of toxic emissions linked to local cancer rates, and had been nationalized by the government years prior. The buyers were the AM Investco consortium, which beyond ArcelorMittal included Marcegaglia and Banca Intesa Sanpaolo. In May 2017, ArcelorMittal was announced as the preferred bidder over a different consortium led by JSW Steel, after it was able to pledge a production increase and guarantee employment levels. The final decision was waiting on Italy's ministry of economic development. On 5 June 2017, ArcelorMittal won approval to purchase Ilva for €1.8 billion. In its bid, AM Investco had pledged to make investments into Ilva of €2.4bn until 2023. On 1 November 2018, ArcelorMittal assumed ownership of Ilva steel operations and ArcelorMittal Italia was formed.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: In July 2017 the company reported a 19.3 per cent year-on-year rise in its earnings for the year's second quarter. The amount was lower than predicted by analysts, with the company citing the volatility in market prices. Also, in July 2017, the European Court of Justice ruled against ArcelorMittal in its lawsuit against how the EU allocates free carbon permits.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: In January 2018, black snow fell in the city of Temirtau, Kazakhstan where an ArcelorMittal plant is located. Local citizens complained that the pollution was caused by an ArcelorMittal plant. A spokesperson for ArcelorMittal explained that the discoloration of the snow was caused by a lack of wind which would otherwise blow the pollution away.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: On 4 November 2019, Arcelor Mittal (Am Investco Italy) sent to Ilva's Commissioners a notice to terminate, the Ilva lease agreement, citing as reasons that the Italian Parliament had removed the legal protection necessary for the company to implement its environmental plan without the risk of criminal liability and that a recent decision by the criminal court of Taranto would effectively force Mittal to close blast furnace #2 by 13 December 2019. A legal and media battle with the Italian state started immediately, as Ilva is not only the single primary steel mill Mittal operates in Italy but also the largest employer in Taranto.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: On September 28, 2020, the company sold its US-Business to Cleveland-Cliffs for approximately $1.4 billion.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: Lakshmi Mittal (owner of Mittal Steel) is the executive chairman. His family owns 40% of the shares and voting shares in the company. After a $3 billion rights issue earlier in April 2016, the company by 21 April 2016 had a share value of 16,616 million euros, distributed in 3,065,710,869 shares.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: As of 2012, the company had thousands of workers at 12 major facilities in the United States, in states such as Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania. All non-salary employees in North America, with the exception of the Dofasco facility in Hamilton, Ontario, are represented by the United Steelworkers union, the largest industrial union in North America. Also, at the time around 100,000 of the company's 260,000 employees were in Europe. As of 31 December 2013, the company employed over 232,000 people, of which 37% were in the EU, with a further 16% in non-EU European countries, 17% in Asia, 16% in North America, the remainder split between South America and the Middle East and Africa. ArcelorMittal is also Luxembourg's largest private employer. At the beginning of 2014, it employed 4,600 employees in the Grand Duchy. By 2020 the company had over 18,000 employees in North and South America.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: The head office of ArcelorMittal is in Luxembourg City. The building was the head office of Arbed before that company merged with Aceralia and Usinor.


title: ArcelorMittal

text: ArcelorMittal reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for 31 December 2020 at 150.8 Tg (teragram) (-31,100 /-17.1% y-o-y). The decline accelerated compared to the CAGR of -7.2% since 4Q'18.


title: Vertebra

text: The spinal column, a defining synapomorphy shared by nearly all vertebrates, is a moderately flexible series of vertebrae (singular vertebra), each constituting a characteristic irregular bone whose complex structure is composed primarily of bone, and secondarily of hyaline cartilage. They show variation in the proportion contributed by these two tissue types; such variations correlate on one hand with the cerebral/caudal rank (i.e., location within the backbone), and on the other with phylogenetic differences among the vertebrate taxa.


title: Vertebra

text: The basic configuration of a vertebra varies, but the bone is its "body", with the central part of the body constituting the "centrum". The upper (closer to) and lower (further from), respectively, the cranium and its central nervous system surfaces of the vertebra body support attachment to the intervertebral discs. The posterior part of a vertebra forms a vertebral arch (in eleven parts, consisting of


title: Vertebra

text: The laminae give attachment to the ligamenta flava, which are ligaments of the spine. There are vertebral notches, each constituted by the shape of the pedicles, which form the intervertebral foramina when vertebrae articulate. These foramina are the entry and exit conduits accommodating the spinal nerves. The body of the vertebra, and its vertebral arch, form the vertebral foramen, which is the larger, stable and central opening: this accommodates the spinal canal, and encloses and protects the spinal cord.


title: Vertebra

text: Vertebrae articulate with each other to give strength and flexibility to the spinal column, and the shape at their back and front aspects determines the range of movement. Structurally, vertebrae are essentially alike across the vertebrate species, with the greatest difference seen between an aquatic animal and other vertebrate animals. As such, vertebrates take their name from the vertebrae that compose the vertebral column.


title: Vertebra

text: In the human vertebral column the size of the vertebrae varies according to placement in the vertebral column, spinal loading, posture and pathology. Along the length of the spine the vertebrae change to accommodate different needs related to stress and mobility. Each vertebra is an irregular bone.


title: Vertebra

text: Every vertebra has a body (vertebral body), which consists of a large anterior middle portion called the centrum (vertebral centrum, plural "centra") and a posterior vertebral arch, also called a neural arch. The body is composed of cancellous bone, which is the spongy type of osseous tissue, whose microanatomy has been specifically studied within the pedicle bones. This cancellous bone is in turn, covered by a thin coating of cortical bone (or compact bone), the hard and dense type of osseous tissue. The vertebral arch and processes have thicker coverings of cortical bone. The upper and lower surfaces of the body of the vertebra are flattened and rough in order to give attachment to the intervertebral discs. These surfaces are the vertebral endplates which are in direct contact with the intervertebral discs and form the joint. The endplates are formed from a thickened layer of the cancellous bone of the vertebral body, the top layer being more dense. The endplates function to contain the adjacent discs, to evenly spread the applied loads, and to provide anchorage for the collagen fibers of the disc. They also act as a semi-permeable interface for the exchange of water and solutes.


title: Vertebra

text: The vertebral arch is formed by pedicles and laminae. Two pedicles extend from the sides of the vertebral body to join the body to the arch. The pedicles are short thick processes that extend, one from each side, posteriorly, from the junctions of the posteriolateral surfaces of the centrum, on its upper surface.


title: Vertebra

text: From each pedicle a broad plate, a lamina, projects backwards and medialwards to join and complete the vertebral arch and form the posterior border of the vertebral foramen, which completes the triangle of the vertebral foramen. The upper surfaces of the laminae are rough to give attachment to the ligamenta flava. These ligaments connect the laminae of adjacent vertebra along the length of the spine from the level of the second cervical vertebra. Above and below the pedicles are shallow depressions called vertebral notches ("superior" and "inferior"). When the vertebrae articulate the notches align with those on adjacent vertebrae and these form the openings of the intervertebral foramina. The foramina allow the entry and exit of the spinal nerves from each vertebra, together with associated blood vessels. The articulating vertebrae provide a strong pillar of support for the body.


title: Vertebra

text: A major part of a vertebra is a backward extending spinous process (sometimes called the neural spine) which projects centrally. This process points dorsally and caudally from the junction of the laminae. The spinous process serves to attach muscles and ligaments.


title: Vertebra

text: The two transverse processes, one on each side of the vertebral body, project laterally from either side at the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They also serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments, in particular the intertransverse ligaments. There is a facet on each of the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae which articulates with the tubercle of the rib. A facet on each side of the thoracic vertebral body articulates with the head of the rib. The transverse process of a lumbar vertebra is also sometimes called the costal or costiform process because it corresponds to a rudimentary rib ("costa") which, as opposed to the thorax, is not developed in the lumbar region.


title: Vertebra

text: There are superior and inferior articular facet joints on each side of the vertebra, which serve to restrict the range of movement possible. These facets are joined by a thin portion of the vertebral arch called the "pars interarticularis".


title: Vertebra

text: Vertebrae take their names from the regions of the vertebral column that they occupy. There are thirty-three vertebrae in the human vertebral column—seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar vertebrae, five fused sacral vertebrae forming the sacrum and three to five coccygeal vertebrae, forming the coccyx. The regional vertebrae increase in size as they progress downwards but become smaller in the coccyx.


title: Vertebra

text: There are seven cervical vertebrae (but eight cervical spinal nerves), designated C1 through C7. These bones are, in general, small and delicate. Their spinous processes are short (with the exception of C2 and C7, which have palpable spinous processes). C1 is also called the atlas, and C2 is also called the axis. The structure of these vertebrae is the reason why the neck and head have a large range of motion. The atlanto-occipital joint allows the skull to move up and down, while the atlanto-axial joint allows the upper neck to twist left and right. The axis also sits upon the first intervertebral disc of the spinal column.


title: Vertebra

text: Cervical vertebrae possess transverse foramina to allow for the vertebral arteries to pass through on their way to the foramen magnum to end in the circle of Willis. These are the smallest, lightest vertebrae and the vertebral foramina are triangular in shape. The spinous processes are short and often bifurcated (the spinous process of C7, however, is not bifurcated, and is substantially longer than that of the other cervical spinous processes).


title: Vertebra

text: The atlas differs from the other vertebrae in that it has no body and no spinous process. It has instead a ring-like form, having an anterior and a posterior arch and two lateral masses. At the outside centre points of both arches there is a tubercle, an anterior tubercle and a posterior tubercle, for the attachment of muscles. The front surface of the anterior arch is convex and its anterior tubercle gives attachment to the longus colli muscle. The posterior tubercle is a rudimentary spinous process and gives attachment to the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle. The spinous process is small so as not to interfere with the movement between the atlas and the skull. On the under surface is a facet for articulation with the dens of the axis.


title: Vertebra

text: Specific to the cervical vertebra is the transverse foramen (also known as "foramen transversarium"). This is an opening on each of the transverse processes which gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a sympathetic nerve plexus. On the cervical vertebrae other than the atlas, the anterior and posterior tubercles are on either side of the transverse foramen on each transverse process. The anterior tubercle on the sixth cervical vertebra is called the carotid tubercle because it separates the carotid artery from the vertebral artery.


title: Vertebra

text: There is a hook-shaped uncinate process on the side edges of the top surface of the bodies of the third to the seventh cervical vertebrae and of the first thoracic vertebra. Together with the vertebral disc, this uncinate process prevents a vertebra from sliding backwards off the vertebra below it and limits lateral flexion (side-bending). Luschka's joints involve the vertebral uncinate processes.


title: Vertebra

text: The spinous process on C7 is distinctively long and gives the name vertebra prominens to this vertebra. Also a cervical rib can develop from C7 as an anatomical variation.


title: Vertebra

text: The term cervicothoracic is often used to refer to the cervical and thoracic vertebrae together, and sometimes also their surrounding areas.


title: Vertebra

text: The twelve thoracic vertebrae and their transverse processes have surfaces that articulate with the ribs. Some rotation can occur between the thoracic vertebrae, but their connection with the rib cage prevents much "flexion" or other movement. They may also be known as "dorsal vertebrae" in the human context.


title: Vertebra

text: The vertebral bodies are roughly heart-shaped and are about as wide anterio-posteriorly as they are in the transverse dimension. Vertebral foramina are roughly circular in shape.


title: Vertebra

text: The top surface of the first thoracic vertebra has a hook-shaped uncinate process, just like the cervical vertebrae.


title: Vertebra

text: The thoracolumbar division refers to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae together, and sometimes also their surrounding areas.


title: Vertebra

text: The thoracic vertebrae attach to ribs and so have articular facets specific to them; these are the superior, transverse and inferior costal facets. As the vertebrae progress down the spine they increase in size to match up with the adjoining lumbar section.


title: Vertebra

text: The five lumbar vertebrae are the largest of the vertebrae, their robust construction being necessary for supporting greater weight than the other vertebrae. They allow significant "flexion", "extension" and moderate lateral flexion (side-bending). The discs between these vertebrae create a natural lumbar lordosis (a spinal curvature that is concave posteriorly). This is due to the difference in thickness between the front and back parts of the intervertebral discs.


title: Vertebra

text: The lumbar vertebrae are located between the ribcage and the pelvis and are the largest of the vertebrae. The pedicles are strong, as are the laminae, and the spinous process is thick and broad. The vertebral foramen is large and triangular. The transverse processes are long and narrow and three tubercles can be seen on them. These are a lateral costiform process, a mammillary process and an accessory process. The superior, or upper tubercle is the mammillary process which connects with the superior articular process. The multifidus muscle attaches to the mammillary process and this muscle extends through the length of the vertebral column, giving support. The inferior, or lower tubercle is the accessory process and this is found at the back part of the base of the transverse process. The term lumbosacral is often used to refer to the lumbar and sacral vertebrae together, and sometimes includes their surrounding areas.


title: Vertebra

text: There are five sacral vertebrae (S1–S5) which are fused in maturity, into one large bone, the sacrum, with no intervertebral discs. The sacrum with the ilium forms a sacroiliac joint on each side of the pelvis, which articulates with the hips.


title: Vertebra

text: The last three to five coccygeal vertebrae (but usually four) (Co1–Co5) make up the tailbone or coccyx. There are no intervertebral discs.


title: Vertebra

text: Somites form in the early embryo and some of these develop into sclerotomes. The sclerotomes form the vertebrae as well as the rib cartilage and part of the occipital bone. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side of the paraxial mesoderm. The lower half of one sclerotome fuses with the upper half of the adjacent one to form each vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch. Other cells move distally to the costal processes of thoracic vertebrae to form the ribs.


title: Vertebra

text: There are a number of congenital vertebral anomalies, mostly involving variations in the shape or number of vertebrae, and many of which are unproblematic. Others though can cause compression of the spinal cord. Wedge-shaped vertebrae, called "hemivertebrae" can cause an angle to form in the spine which can result in the spinal curvature diseases of kyphosis, scoliosis and lordosis. Severe cases can cause spinal cord compression. Block vertebrae where some vertebrae have become fused can cause problems. Spina bifida can result from the incomplete formation of the vertebral arch.


title: Vertebra

text: Spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch. In most cases this occurs in the lowest of the lumbar vertebrae (L5), but may also occur in the other lumbar vertebrae, as well as in the thoracic vertebrae.


title: Vertebra

text: Spinal disc herniation, more commonly called a "slipped disc", is the result of a tear in the outer ring (anulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc, which lets some of the soft gel-like material, the nucleus pulposus, bulge out in a hernia. This may be treated by a minimally-invasive endoscopic procedure called Tessys method.


title: Vertebra

text: A laminectomy is a surgical operation to remove the laminae in order to access the spinal canal. The removal of just part of a lamina is called a laminotomy.


title: Vertebra

text: A pinched nerve caused by pressure from a disc, vertebra or scar tissue might be remedied by a foraminotomy to broaden the intervertebral foramina and relieve pressure. It can also be caused by a foramina stenosis, a narrowing of the nerve opening, as a result of arthritis.


title: Vertebra

text: Another condition is spondylolisthesis when one vertebra slips forward onto another. The reverse of this condition is retrolisthesis where one vertebra slips backwards onto another.


title: Vertebra

text: The vertebral pedicle is often used as a radiographic marker and entry point in vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and spinal fusion procedures.


title: Vertebra

text: The arcuate foramen is a common anatomical variation more frequently seen in females. It is a bony "bridge" found on the first cervical vertebra, the atlas where it covers the groove for the vertebral artery.


title: Vertebra

text: Degenerative disc disease is a condition usually associated with ageing in which one or more discs degenerate. This can often be a painfree condition but can also be very painful.


title: Vertebra

text: In other animals the vertebrae take the same regional names except for the coccygeal; in animals with tails the separate vertebrae are usually called the caudal vertebrae. Because of the different types of locomotion and support needed between the aquatic and other vertebrates, the vertebrae between them show the most variation, though basic features are shared. The spinous processes which are backward extending are directed upwards in animals without an erect stance. These processes can be very large in the larger animals since they attach to the muscles and ligaments of the body. In the elephant the vertebrae are connected by tight joints, which limit the backbone's flexibility. Spinous processes are exaggerated in some animals, such as the extinct "Dimetrodon" and "Spinosaurus", where they form a sailback or finback.


title: Vertebra

text: Vertebrae with saddle-shaped articular surfaces on their bodies, called "heterocoelous", allow vertebrae to flex both vertically and horizontally while preventing twisting motions. Such vertebrae are found in the necks of birds and some turtles.


title: Vertebra

text: "Procoelous" vertebrae feature a spherical protrusion extending from the caudal end of the centrum of one vertebra that fits into a concave socket on the cranial end of the centrum of an adjacent vertebra. These vertebrae are most often found in reptiles, but are found in some amphibians such as frogs. The vertebrae fit together in a ball-and-socket articulation, in which the convex articular feature of an anterior vertebra acts as the ball to the socket of a caudal vertebra. This type of connection permits a wide range of motion in most directions, while still protecting the underlying nerve cord. The central point of rotation is located at the midline of each centrum, and therefore flexion of the muscle surrounding the vertebral column does not lead to an opening between vertebrae.


title: Vertebra

text: In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds, they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. In the whale the cervical vertebrae are typically fused, an adaptation trading flexibility for stability during swimming. All mammals except manatees and sloths have seven cervical vertebrae, whatever the length of the neck. This includes seemingly unlikely animals such as the giraffe, the camel, and the blue whale, for example. Birds usually have more cervical vertebrae with most having a highly flexible neck consisting of 13–25 vertebrae.


title: Vertebra

text: In all mammals, the thoracic vertebrae are connected to ribs and their bodies differ from the other regional vertebrae due to the presence of facets. Each vertebra has a facet on each side of the vertebral body, which articulates with the head of a rib. There is also a facet on each of the transverse processes which articulates with the tubercle of a rib. The number of thoracic vertebrae varies considerably across the species. Most marsupials have thirteen, but koalas only have eleven. The norm is twelve to fifteen in mammals, (twelve in the human), though there are from eighteen to twenty in the horse, tapir, rhinoceros and elephant. In certain sloths there is an extreme number of twenty-five and at the other end only nine in the cetacean.


title: Vertebra

text: There are fewer lumbar vertebrae in chimpanzees and gorillas, which have three in contrast to the five in the genus "Homo". This reduction in number gives an inability of the lumbar spine to lordose but gives an anatomy that favours vertical climbing, and hanging ability more suited to feeding locations in high-canopied regions. The bonobo differs by having four lumbar vertebrae.


title: Vertebra

text: Caudal vertebrae are the bones that make up the tails of vertebrates. They range in number from a few to fifty, depending on the length of the animal's tail.


title: Vertebra

text: In humans and other tailless primates, they are called the coccygeal vertebrae, number from three to five and are fused into the coccyx.


title: Google Account

text: A Google Account is a user account that is required for access, authentication and authorization to certain online Google services. It is also often used as single sign on for third party services.


title: Google Account

text: A Google Account is required for Gmail, Google Hangouts, Google Meet and Blogger. Some Google products do not require an account, including Google Search, YouTube, Google Books, Google Finance and Google Maps. However, an account is needed for uploading videos to YouTube and for making edits in Google Maps.


title: Google Account

text: YouTube and Blogger maintain separate accounts for users who registered with the services before the Google acquisition. However, effective April 2011 YouTube users are required to link to a separate Google Account if they wish to continue to log into that service.


title: Google Account

text: Google Account users may create a publicly accessible Google profile, to configure their presentation on Google products to other Google users. A Google profile can be linked to a user's profiles on various social-networking and image-hosting sites, as well as user blogs.


title: Google Account

text: Third-party service providers may implement service authentication for Google Account holders via the Google Account mechanism.


title: Google Account

text: While creating a Google account, users are asked to provide a recovery email address to allow them to reset their password if they have forgotten it, or if their account is hacked. In some countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom and India, Google may also require one-time use of a mobile phone number to send an account validation code by SMS text messaging or voice message when creating a new account.


title: Google Account

text: Google also offers a two-step verification option—for additional security against hacking—that requests a validation code each time the user logs into their Google account. The code is either generated by an application ("Google Authenticator" or other similar apps) or received from Google as an SMS text message, a voice message, or an email to another account. Trusted devices can be "marked" to skip this 2-step log-on authentication. When this feature is switched on, software that cannot provide the validation code (e.g. IMAP and POP3 clients) must use a unique 16-character alphanumeric password generated by Google instead of the user's normal password.


title: Google Account

text: Users who seek an even higher level of security protection, including users whose accounts could be attractive targets for hackers, such as celebrities, politicians, journalists, political activists and wealthy individuals, can opt-in to Google's Advanced Protection Program. This program requires the user to purchase two U2F USB keys — not for data storage, but for identity verification. The U2F keys are used to provide two-step verification during login. One is for backup purposes, in case the first is lost. The Advanced Protection Program includes further security measures to protect the user's account, such as restrictions on which applications the user can grant access to their account, and a more thorough identity verification process for regaining access to the account if the password is forgotten.


title: Google Account

text: On June 5, 2012, a new security feature was introduced to protect users from state-sponsored attacks. Whenever Google analysis indicate that a government has attempted to compromise an account, a notice will be displayed that reads "Warning: We believe state-sponsored attackers may be trying to compromise your account or computer."


title: Google Account

text: The tool called 'My Activity' launched in 2016 - which supersedes Google Search history and Google Web History — enables users to see and delete data tracked by Google through the Google account. The tool shows which websites were visited using Chrome while logged in, devices used, apps used, Google products interacted with, etc. All information is laid out in a timeline-like layout. Users can choose to entirely disable tracking, or remove certain activities which they don't want to be tracked.


title: Google Account

text: Google may block an account for various reasons, such as "unusual activity" or entering an age "not old enough" to own a Google account. Reactivation is possible using web-forms, providing proof of identity through valid photo ID, or a credit card payment of US$0.30. Other methods (such as sending a fax or uploading some requested document) may require human interaction and may take some "days or a couple of weeks" to be accomplished.


title: Sarah Sutherland

text: Sarah Jude Sutherland is a Canadian-American actress, best known for her role as Catherine Meyer in "Veep".


title: Sarah Sutherland

text: Sutherland was born in Los Angeles, California, to Kiefer Sutherland and his first wife, Camelia Kath. She is the granddaughter of Canadian actors Donald Sutherland and Shirley Douglas, and great-granddaughter of Canadian politician Tommy Douglas. As a teen, Sutherland trained at the Crossroads Drama Conservatory in Los Angeles, before heading to New York to study at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. In her final semester, she wrote and acted in a one-woman play, "The Skin of a Grape."


title: Sarah Sutherland

text: Sutherland won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series for season 6 of "Veep."


title: Mustard plant

text: The mustard plant is any one of several plant species in the genera "Brassica" and "Sinapis" in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family). Mustard seed is used as a spice. Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar, or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. The seeds can also be pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens. Many vegetables are cultivated varieties of mustard plants; domestication may have begun 6,000 years ago.


title: Mustard plant

text: Although some varieties of mustard plants were well-established crops in Hellenistic and Roman times, Zohary and Hopf note, "There are almost no archeological records available for any of these crops." Wild forms of mustard and its relatives, the radish and turnip, can be found over West Asia and Europe, suggesting their domestication took place somewhere in that area. However, Zohary and Hopf conclude: "Suggestions as to the origins of these plants are necessarily based on linguistic considerations." The "Encyclopædia Britannica" states that mustard was grown by the Indus Civilization of 2500–1700 BC. According to the Saskatchewan Mustard Development Commission, "Some of the earliest known documentation of mustard's use dates back to Sumerian and Sanskrit texts from 3000 BC".


title: Mustard plant

text: A wide-ranging genetic study of "B. rapa" announced in 2021 concluded that the species may have been domesticated as long as 6,000 years ago in Central Asia, and that turnips or oilseeds may have been the first product. The results also suggested that a taxonomic re-evaluation of the species might be needed.


title: Mustard plant

text: White mustard ("Sinapis alba") grows wild in North Africa, West Asia, and Mediterranean Europe, and has spread farther by long cultivation; brown mustard ("Brassica juncea"), originally from the foothills of the Himalayas, is grown commercially in India, Canada, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Bangladesh and the United States; black mustard ("Brassica nigra") is grown in Argentina, Chile, the US, and some European countries. Canada and Nepal are the world's major producers of mustard seed, between them accounting for around 57% of world production in 2010. White mustard is commonly used as a cover crop in Europe (between UK and Ukraine). Many varieties exist, "e.g.", in Germany and the Netherlands, mainly differing in lateness of flowering and resistance against white beet-cyst nematode ("Heterodera schachtii"). Farmers prefer late-flowering varieties, which do not produce seeds; they may become weeds in the subsequent year. Early vigor is important to cover the soil quickly and suppress weeds and protect the soil against erosion. In rotations with sugar beets, suppression of the white beet-cyst nematode is an important trait. Resistant white mustard varieties reduce nematode populations by 70–90%.


title: Mustard plant

text: Recent research has studied varieties of mustards with high oil contents for use in the production of biodiesel, a renewable liquid fuel similar to diesel fuel. The biodiesel made from mustard oil has good flow properties and cetane ratings. The leftover meal after pressing out the oil has also been found to be an effective pesticide.


title: Mustard plant

text: A genetic relationship between many species of mustard, along with turnips, cabbage, horseradish, wasabi and their respective derivatives, has been observed and is described as the triangle of U.


title: Alba Flores

text: Alba González Villa (born October 27, 1986), known professionally as Alba Flores, is a Spanish actress. She is best known for her roles as Saray Vargas in "Vis a Vis (Locked Up)" and Nairobi in "La Casa de Papel (Money Heist)". She identifies as lesbian.


title: Alba Flores

text: Alba Flores is the only daughter of musician and composer Antonio Flores and Ana Villa, a theatrical producer. Hers is a family of gitano performers, musicians, and actors: She is the granddaughter of Lola Flores, known as "La Faraona" ("The Pharaoh"), niece of singers Lolita Flores and


title: Alba Flores

text: Her paternal grandfather, referred to as "El Pescaílla" was also a Spanish singer and guitarist, and is considered to be one of the fathers of Catalan Rumba. He was of Gitano ethnicity.


title: Alba Flores

text: Alba studied dramatic interpretation from the age of thirteen, with secondary training in piano performance. In her brief career onstage, she performed in a number of roles, most notably in "Luna de miel en Hiroshima" (Honeymoon in Hiroshima) (2005), and the Romani version of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (2007).


title: Alba Flores

text: In 2005, Alba made her cinematic debut with Chus Gutiérrez's, "El calentito", with Verónica Sánchez, Ruth Díaz, Macarena Gómez, Estíbaliz Gabilondo, and Lluvia Rojo among other performers.


title: Alba Flores

text: In television, she first participated in an episode of the series the "El comisario" in 2006. In 2008, she landed a role in the Antenna 3 television series . The same year she performed in the musical theater production of "Enamorados anónimos" (Love Anonymous: The Copla Musical in Broadway) helmed by dance choreographer Blanca Li and music composer Javier Limón.


title: Alba Flores

text: In 2009, she recorded her father's song, "No Puedo Enamorarme de Ti (I cannot fall in love with you)", for the soundtrack of a movie by , "", starring Malena Alterio and Fernando Tejero as the protagonists.


title: Alba Flores

text: She trained at the Corazza Acting Studio by the renowned acting coach Juan Carlos Corazza. She's one of the generation of actors of the studio, a list that includes Javier Bardem, an Oscar Awards winning actor. She participated in the studio's 2011 theater play, Comedia Y Sueno (Comedia and Dream, the most beautiful lie).


title: Alba Flores

text: Beginning in 2013, she was cast in a main role as the protagonist's Moroccan servant, Jamila, in the Antena 3 series "El tiempo entre costuras (The Time in Between)", set in Spain and the Northern Protectorates in Morocco, following the Spanish Civil War. She then played an Indian woman in the movie made for TV based on the life of Spanish Missionary Vicente Ferrer. Filming took place in Anantapur, India.


title: Alba Flores

text: This was followed by an appearance in the TVE series "Cuéntame" as an important witness in a plot involving corrupt police.


title: Alba Flores

text: From 2015 to 2019, she played the character named Saray Vargas de Jesús, a Gypsy who initially faced a 5-year prison sentence for Assault in "Vis a Vis (Locked Up)". The show suffered comparisons to "Orange is the New Black" before the premiere due to similar prison setting, however, after the initial episodes, was proven that the two shows are different in themes in which Vis a Vis is more of a high octane thriller Drama and Dark Humor as to the Comedy Drama of Orange is the New Black. Considered a clever and thrilling breakout out hit by critics and fans alike, the show gave Flores her first breakout role in television. For this, she received her first TV Award, a shared Best Female Performer in Fiction Award with the female cast via Ondas Awards, a Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series Award for Spanish Actors Union Awards and several other acting citations.