title: Blaise Matuidi

text: In May 2016, he released his autobiography, "Au bout de mes rêves", written in collaboration with Ludovic Pinton (publishers Solar ).


title: Blaise Matuidi

text: In 2018, he was named champion of the year and champion for peace by the organisation Peace and Sport, for his work with his organisation 'Tremplin Blaise Matuidi' which helps the reintegration of youths from the suburbs.


title: Don DeLillo

text: Donald Richard DeLillo (born November 20, 1936) is an American novelist, short story writer, playwright, screenwriter and essayist. His works have covered subjects as diverse as television, nuclear war, sports, the complexities of language, performance art, the Cold War, mathematics, the advent of the digital age, politics, economics, and global terrorism.


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo was already a well-regarded cult writer in 1985, when the publication of "White Noise" brought him widespread recognition and won him the National Book Award for fiction. "White Noise" was followed in 1988 by "Libra", a bestseller. DeLillo has twice been a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction finalist (for "Mao II" in 1992 and for "Underworld" in 1998), won the PEN/Faulkner Award for "Mao II" in 1992 (receiving another PEN/Faulkner Award nomination for "The Angel Esmeralda" in 2012), won the 1999 Jerusalem Prize, was granted the PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction in 2010, and won the Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction in 2013.


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo had described his fiction as concerned with "living in dangerous times", and in a 2005 interview he said that writers "must oppose systems. It's important to write against power, corporations, the state, and the whole system of consumption and of debilitating entertainments... I think writers, by nature, must oppose things, oppose whatever power tries to impose on us."


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo was born on November 20, 1936, in New York City and grew up in a working-class Italian Catholic family with ties to Molise, Italy, in an Italian-American neighborhood of the Bronx not far from Arthur Avenue. Reflecting on his childhood in The Bronx, DeLillo said he was "always out in the street. As a little boy I whiled away most of my time pretending to be a baseball announcer on the radio. I could think up games for hours at a time. There were eleven of us in a small house, but the close quarters were never a problem. I didn't know things any other way. We always spoke English and Italian all mixed up together. My grandmother, who lived in America for fifty years, never learned English."


title: Don DeLillo

text: As a teenager, DeLillo was not interested in writing until he took a summer job as a parking attendant, where the hours spent waiting and watching over vehicles led to a lifelong reading habit. Reflecting on this period, in a 2010 interview, he stated, "I had a personal golden age of reading in my 20s and my early 30s, and then my writing began to take up so much time". Among the writers DeLillo read and was inspired by in this period were James Joyce, William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, and Ernest Hemingway, who was a major influence on DeLillo's earliest attempts at writing in his late teens.


title: Don DeLillo

text: As well as the influence of modernist fiction, DeLillo has also cited the influence of jazz music—"guys like Ornette Coleman and Mingus and Coltrane and Miles Davis"—and postwar cinema: "Antonioni and Godard and Truffaut, and then in the '70s came the Americans, many of whom were influenced by the Europeans: Kubrick, Altman, Coppola, Scorsese and so on. I don't know how they may have affected the way I write, but I do have a visual sense." Of the influence of film, particularly European cinema, on his work, DeLillo has said, "European and Asian cinemas of the 1960s shaped the way I think and feel about things. At that time I was living in New York, I didn't have much money, didn't have much work, I was living in one room...I was a man in a small room. And I went to the movies a lot, watching Bergman, Antonioni, Godard. When I was little, in the Bronx, I didn't go to the cinema, and I didn't think of the American films I saw as works of art. Perhaps, in an indirect way, cinema allowed me to become a writer." He also credits his parents' leniency and acceptance of his desire to write for encouraging him to pursue a literary career: "They ultimately trusted me to follow the course I'd chosen. This is something that happens if you're the eldest son in an Italian family: You get a certain leeway, and it worked in my case."


title: Don DeLillo

text: After graduating from Cardinal Hayes High School in the Bronx in 1954 and from Fordham University in the Bronx with a bachelor's degree in communication arts in 1958, DeLillo took a job in advertising because he could not get one in publishing. He worked for five years as a copywriter at Ogilvy & Mather on Fifth Avenue, writing image ads for Sears Roebuck among others, working on "Print ads, very undistinguished accounts...I hadn't made the leap to television. I was just getting good at it when I left, in 1964."


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo published his first short story in 1960—"The River Jordan", in "Epoch", Cornell University's literary magazine—and began to work on his first novel in 1966. Of the beginning of his writing career, DeLillo has said, "I did some short stories at that time but very infrequently. I quit my job just to quit. I didn't quit my job to write fiction. I just didn't want to work anymore."


title: Don DeLillo

text: Reflecting in 1993 on his relatively late start in writing novels, DeLillo said, "I wish I had started earlier, but evidently I wasn't ready. First, I lacked ambition. I may have had novels in my head but very little on paper and no personal goals, no burning desire to achieve some end. Second, I didn't have a sense of what it takes to be a serious writer. It took me a long time to develop this."


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo's inaugural decade of novel writing has been his most productive to date, resulting in the writing and publication of six novels between 1971 and 1978.


title: Don DeLillo

text: He resigned from the advertising industry in 1964, moved into a modest apartment near the Queens–Midtown Tunnel ("It wasn't Paris in the 1920s, but I was happy"), and began work on his first novel. Of the early days of his writing career, he remarked: "I lived in a very minimal kind of way. My telephone would be $4.20 every month. I was paying a rent of sixty dollars a month. And I was becoming a writer. So in one sense, I was ignoring the movements of the time." His first novel, "Americana", was written over four years and finally published in 1971, to modest critical praise. "Americana" concerned "a television network programmer who hits the road in search of the big picture".


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo revised the novel in 1989 for paperback reprinting. Reflecting on the novel later in his career, he said, "I don't think my first novel would have been published today as I submitted it. I don't think an editor would have read 50 pages of it. It was very overdone and shaggy, but two young editors saw something that seemed worth pursuing and eventually we all did some work on the book and it was published." Later still, DeLillo continued to feel a degree of surprise that "Americana" was published: "I was working on my first novel, "Americana", for two years before I ever realized that I could be a writer [...] I had absolutely no assurance that this book would be published because I knew that there were elements that I simply didn't know how to improve at that point. So I wrote for another two years and finished the novel. It wasn't all that difficult to find a publisher, to my astonishment. I didn't have a representative. I didn't know anything about publishing. But an editor at Houghton Mifflin read the manuscript and decided that this was worth pursuing."


title: Don DeLillo

text: "Americana" was followed in rapid succession by the American college football / nuclear war black comedy "End Zone" (1972)—written under the working titles "The Self-Erasing Word" and "Modes of Disaster Technology"—and the rock and roll satire "Great Jones Street" (1973), which DeLillo later felt was "one of the books I wish I'd done differently. It should be tighter, and probably a little funnier." He married Barbara Bennett, a former banker turned landscape designer, in 1975.


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo's fourth novel, "Ratner's Star" (1976)—which according to DeLillo is "structure[d] [...] on the writings of Lewis Carroll, in particular "Alice in Wonderland" and "Alice Through the Looking Glass"—took two years to write and drew numerous favorable comparisons to the works of Thomas Pynchon. This "conceptual monster", as DeLillo scholar Tom LeClair has called it, is "the picaresque story of a 14-year-old math genius who joins an international consortium of mad scientists decoding an alien message." DeLillo has said it was both one of the most difficult books for him to write and his personal favorite of his novels.


title: Don DeLillo

text: Following this early attempt at a major long novel, DeLillo ended the decade with two shorter works. "Players" (1977), originally conceived as "based on what could be called the intimacy of language—what people who live together really sound like", concerned the lives of a young yuppie couple as the husband gets involved with a cell of domestic terrorists. Its 1978 successor, "Running Dog" (1978), written in four months, was a thriller about a hunt for a celluloid reel of Hitler's sexual exploits.


title: Don DeLillo

text: Of "Running Dog", DeLillo remarked, "What I was really getting at in "Running Dog" was a sense of the terrible acquisitiveness in which we live coupled with a final indifference to the object. After all the mad attempts to acquire the thing, everyone suddenly decides that, well, maybe we really don't care about this so much anyway. This was something I felt characterized our lives at the time the book was written in the mid to late seventies. I think this was part of American consciousness then."


title: Don DeLillo

text: In 1978, DeLillo was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship, which he used to fund a trip around the Middle East before settling in Greece, where he wrote his next novels, "Amazons" and "The Names".


title: Don DeLillo

text: Of his first six novels and his rapid writing turnover later in his career, DeLillo said, "I wasn't learning to slow down and examine what I was doing more closely. I don't have regrets about that work, but I do think that if I had been a bit less hasty in starting each new book, I might have produced somewhat better work in the 1970s. My first novel took so long and was such an effort that once I was free of it, I almost became carefree in a sense and moved right through the decade, stopping, in a way, only at "Ratner's Star" (1976), which was an enormous challenge for me and probably a bigger challenge for the reader. But I slowed down in the 1980s and '90s." DeLillo has also acknowledged some of the weaknesses of his 1970s works, reflecting in 2007: "I knew I wasn't doing utterly serious work, let me put it that way."


title: Don DeLillo

text: The beginning of the 1980s saw the most unusual and uncharacteristic publication in DeLillo's career. The sports novel "Amazons", a mock memoir of the first woman to play in the National Hockey League, is a far more lighthearted and more evidently commercial novel than his previous and subsequent ones. DeLillo published the novel under the pseudonym Cleo Birdwell, and later requested publishers compiling a bibliography for a reprint of a later novel to expunge the novel from their lists.


title: Don DeLillo

text: While DeLillo was living in Greece, he took three years to write "The Names" (1982), a complex thriller about "a risk analyst who crosses paths with a cult of assassins in the Middle East". While lauded by an increasing number of literary critics, DeLillo was still relatively unknown outside small academic circles and did not reach a wide readership with this novel. Also in 1982, DeLillo finally broke his self-imposed ban on media coverage by giving his first major interview to Tom LeClair, who had first tracked DeLillo down for an interview while he was in Greece in 1979. On that occasion, DeLillo handed LeClair a business card with his name printed on it and beneath that the message "I don't want to talk about it."


title: Don DeLillo

text: With the 1985 publication of his eighth novel, "White Noise", DeLillo rapidly became a noted and respected novelist. "White Noise" was arguably a major breakthrough both commercially and artistically for DeLillo, earning him a National Book Award for Fiction and a place in the canon of contemporary postmodern novelists. DeLillo remained as detached as ever from his growing reputation: when called upon to give an acceptance speech for the award, he simply said, "I'm sorry I couldn't be here tonight, but I thank you all for coming," and then sat down.


title: Don DeLillo

text: "White Noise"'s influence can be seen in the writing of David Foster Wallace, Jonathan Lethem, Jonathan Franzen, Dave Eggers, Martin Amis, Zadie Smith and Richard Powers (who provides an introduction to the 25th anniversary edition of the novel). Among the 39 proposed titles for the novel were "All Souls", "Ultrasonic", "The American Book of the Dead", "Psychic Data" and "Mein Kampf". In 2005 DeLillo said "White Noise" was a fine choice, adding, "Once a title is affixed to a book, it becomes as indelible as a sentence or a paragraph."


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo followed "White Noise" with "Libra" (1988), a speculative fictionalized life of Lee Harvey Oswald up to the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy. DeLillo undertook a vast research project, which included reading at least half of the Warren Commission report (which DeLillo called "the Oxford English Dictionary of the assassination and also the Joycean novel. This is the one document that captures the full richness and madness and meaning of the event, despite the fact that it omits about a ton and a half of material.") Written with the working titles "American Blood" and "Texas School Book", "Libra" became an international bestseller, one of five finalists for the National Book Award, and the winner of the next year's "Irish Times" Aer Lingus International Fiction Prize.


title: Don DeLillo

text: The novel also elicited fierce critical division, with some critics praising DeLillo's take on the Kennedy assassination while others decried it. George Will, in a "Washington Post" article, declared the book an affront to America and "an act of literary vandalism and bad citizenship". DeLillo has frequently reflected on the significance of the Kennedy assassination to not only his own work but American culture and history as a whole, remarking in 2005, "November 22nd, 1963, marked the real beginning of the 1960s. It was the beginning of a series of catastrophes: political assassinations, the war in Vietnam, the denial of Civil Rights and the revolts that occasioned, youth revolt in American cities, right up to Watergate. When I was starting out as a writer it seemed to me that a large part of the material you could find in my novels—this sense of fatality, of widespread suspicion, of mistrust—came from the assassination of JFK."


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo's concerns about the position of the novelist and the novel in a media- and terrorist-dominated society were made clear in his next novel, "Mao II" (1991). Clearly influenced by the events surrounding the fatwa placed on the author Salman Rushdie and the intrusion of the press into the life of the writer J. D. Salinger, "Mao II" earned DeLillo significant critical praise from, among others, John Banville and Thomas Pynchon. He earned a PEN/Faulkner Award and a Pulitzer Prize finalist nomination for "Mao II" in 1991 and 1992, respectively.


title: Don DeLillo

text: Following "Mao II", DeLillo went underground and spent several years writing and researching his 11th novel. Aside from the publication of a folio short story, "Pafko at the Wall", in a 1992 issue of "Harper's Magazine", and one short story in 1995, little was seen or heard of him for a number of years.


title: Don DeLillo

text: In 1997, DeLillo finally emerged with his long-awaited novel, the epic Cold War history "Underworld". The book was widely heralded as a masterpiece, with novelist and critic Martin Amis saying it marked "the ascension of a great writer."


title: Don DeLillo

text: "Underworld" went on to become DeLillo's most acclaimed novel to date, achieving mainstream success and earning nominations for the National Book Award and the "New York Times" Best Books of the Year in 1997, and a second Pulitzer Prize for Fiction nomination in 1998. The novel won the 1998 American Book Award, the 1999 Jerusalem Prize, and both the William Dean Howells Medal and Riccardo Bacchelli International Award in 2000. It was a runner-up in the 2006 "New York Times"' survey of the best American fiction of the last 25 years. "White Noise" and "Libra" were also recognized by the anonymous jury of contemporary writers.


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo later expressed surprise at "Underworld"'s success. In 2007, he remarked: "When I finished with "Underworld", I didn't really have any all-too-great hopes, to be honest. It's some pretty complicated stuff: 800 pages, more than 100 different characters—who's going to be interested in that?"


title: Don DeLillo

text: After rereading it in 2010, over ten years after its publication, DeLillo said that rereading it "made me wonder whether I would be capable of that kind of writing now—the range and scope of it. There are certain parts of the book where the exuberance, the extravagance, I don't know, the overindulgence...There are city scenes in New York that seem to transcend reality in a certain way."


title: Don DeLillo

text: Although they have received some acclaim in places, DeLillo's post-"Underworld" novels have been often viewed by critics as "disappointing and slight, especially when held up against his earlier, big-canvas epics", marking a shift "away from sweeping, era-defining novels" such as "White Noise", "Libra" and "Underworld" to a more "spare and oblique" style, characterized by "decreased length, the decommissioning of plot machinery and the steep deceleration of narrative time".


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo has said of this shift to shorter novels, "If a longer novel announces itself, I'll write it. A novel creates its own structure and develops its own terms. I tend to follow. And I never try to stretch what I sense is a compact book." In a March 2010 interview, it was reported that DeLillo's deliberate stylistic shift had been informed by his having recently reread several slim but seminal European novels, including Albert Camus's "The Stranger", Peter Handke's "The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick", and Max Frisch's "Man in the Holocene".


title: Don DeLillo

text: After the publication and extensive publicity drive for "Underworld", DeLillo once again retreated from the spotlight to write his 12th novel, surfacing with "The Body Artist" in 2001. The novel has many established DeLillo preoccupations, particularly its interest in performance art and domestic privacies in relation to the wider scope of events. But it is very different in style and tone from the epic history of "Underworld", and met with mixed critical reception.


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo followed "The Body Artist" with 2003's "Cosmopolis", a modern reinterpretation of James Joyce's "Ulysses" transposed to New York around the time of the collapse of the dot-com bubble in 2000. This novel was met at the time with a largely negative reception from critics, with several high-profile critics and novelists—notably John Updike—voicing their objections to its style and tone.


title: Don DeLillo

text: When asked in 2005 how he felt about the novel's mixed reception compared to the broader positive consensus afforded to "Underworld", DeLillo remarked: "I try to stay detached from that aspect of my work as a writer. I didn't read any reviews or articles. Maybe it [the negative reception] was connected to September 11. I'd almost finished writing the book when the attacks took place, and so they couldn't have had any influence on the book's conception, nor on its writing. Perhaps for certain readers this upset their expectations." Critical opinions have since been revised, the novel latterly being seen as prescient for its focus on the flaws and weaknesses of the international financial system and cybercapital.


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo's papers were acquired in 2004 by the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin, reputedly for "half a million dollars". There are "[one] hundred and twenty-five boxes" of DeLillo materials, including various drafts and correspondence. Of his decision to donate his papers to the Ransom Center, DeLillo has said: "I ran out of space and also felt, as one does at a certain age, that I was running out of time. I didn't want to leave behind an enormous mess of papers for family members to deal with. Of course, I've since produced more paper—novel, play, essay, etc.—and so the cycle begins again."


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo published his final novel of the decade, "Falling Man", in 2007. The novel concerns the impact on one family of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York, "an intimate story which is encompassed by a global event". DeLillo said he originally "didn't ever want to write a novel about 9/11" and "had an idea for a different book" he had "been working on for half a year" in 2004 when he came up with the idea for the novel, beginning work on it following the reelection of George W. Bush that November.


title: Don DeLillo

text: Although highly anticipated and eagerly awaited by critics, who felt that DeLillo was one of the contemporary writers best equipped to tackle the events of 9/11 in novelistic form, the novel met with a mixed critical reception and garnered no major literary awards or nominations. DeLillo remained unconcerned by this relative lack of critical acclaim, remarking in 2010, "In the 1970s, when I started writing novels, I was a figure in the margins, and that's where I belonged. If I'm headed back that way, that's fine with me because that's always where I felt I belonged. Things changed for me in the 1980s and 1990s, but I've always preferred to be somewhere in the corner of a room, observing."


title: Don DeLillo

text: On July 24, 2009, "Entertainment Weekly" announced that the director David Cronenberg ("A History of Violence", "Naked Lunch") would adapt "Cosmopolis" for the screen, with "a view to eventually direct." "Cosmopolis", eventually released in 2012, became the first direct adaptation for the screen of a DeLillo novel, although both "Libra" and "Underworld" had previously been optioned for screen treatments. There were discussions about adapting "End Zone", and DeLillo has written an original screenplay for the film "Game 6".


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo ended the decade by making an unexpected appearance at a PEN event on the steps of the New York City Public Library in support of Chinese dissident writer Liu Xiaobo, who was sentenced to 11 years in prison for "inciting subversion of state power" on December 31, 2009.


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo published "Point Omega", his 15th novel, in February 2010. According to DeLillo, the novel considers an idea from "the writing of the Jesuit thinker and paleontologist [Pierre] Teilhard de Chardin." The Omega Point of the title "[is] the possible idea that human consciousness is reaching a point of exhaustion and that what comes next may be either a paroxysm or something enormously sublime and unenvisionable." "Point Omega" is DeLillo's shortest novel to date, and he has said it could be considered a companion piece to "The Body Artist": "In its reflections on time and loss, this may be a philosophical novel and maybe, considering its themes, the book shares a place in my work with "The Body Artist", another novel of abbreviated length."


title: Don DeLillo

text: Reviews were polarized, with some saying the novel was a return to form and innovative, while others complained about its brevity and lack of plot and engaging characters. Upon its initial release, "Point Omega" spent one week on "The New York Times Best Seller list", peaking at #35 on the extended version of the list during its one-week stay on the list.


title: Don DeLillo

text: In a January 29, 2010, interview with "The Wall Street Journal", DeLillo discussed at great length "Point Omega", his views of writing, and his plans for the future. When asked why his recent novels had been shorter, DeLillo replied, "Each book tells me what it wants or what it is, and I'd be perfectly content to write another long novel. It just has to happen." While DeLillo is open to the idea of returning to the form of the long novel, the interview also revealed that he had no interest in doing as many of his literary contemporaries have done and writing a memoir. DeLillo also made some observations on the state of literature and the challenges facing young writers:


title: Don DeLillo

text: It's tougher to be a young writer today than when I was a young writer. I don't think my first novel would have been published today as I submitted it. I don't think an editor would have read 50 pages of it. It was very overdone and shaggy, but two young editors saw something that seemed worth pursuing and eventually we all did some work on the book and it was published. I don't think publishers have that kind of tolerance these days, and I guess possibly as a result, more writers go to writing class now than then. I think first, fiction, and second, novels, are much more refined in terms of language, but they may tend to be too well behaved, almost in response to the narrower market.


title: Don DeLillo

text: In a February 21, 2010, interview with "The Times", DeLillo reaffirmed his belief in the validity and importance of the novel in a technology- and media-driven age, offering a more optimistic opinion of the future of the novel than his contemporary Philip Roth had done in a recent interview:


title: Don DeLillo

text: It is the form that allows a writer the greatest opportunity to explore human experience...For that reason, reading a novel is potentially a significant act. Because there are so many varieties of human experience, so many kinds of interaction between humans, and so many ways of creating patterns in the novel that can't be created in a short story, a play, a poem or a movie. The novel, simply, offers more opportunities for a reader to understand the world better, including the world of artistic creation. That sounds pretty grand, but I think it's true.


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo received two further significant literary awards in 2010: the St. Louis Literary Award for his entire body of work to date on October 21, 2010 (previous recipients include Salman Rushdie, E.L. Doctorow, John Updike, William Gass, Joyce Carol Oates, Joan Didion and Tennessee Williams); and his second PEN Award, the PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction, on October 13, 2010.


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo's first collection of short stories, "The Angel Esmeralda: Nine Stories", covering short stories published between 1979 and 2011, was published in November 2011. It received favorable reviews and was a finalist for both the 2012 Story Prize award and the 2012 PEN/Faulkner award for Fiction, as well as being longlisted for the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award. New York Times Book Review contributor Liesl Schillinger praised it, saying, "DeLillo packs fertile ruminations and potent consolation into each of these rich, dense, concentrated stories."


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo received the 2012 Carl Sandburg Literary Award on October 17, 2012, on the campus of the University of Illinois at Chicago. The prize is "presented annually to an acclaimed author in recognition of outstanding contributions to the literary world and honors a significant work or body of work that has enhanced the public's awareness of the written word."


title: Don DeLillo

text: On January 29, 2013, "Variety" announced that Luca Guadagnino would direct an adaptation of "The Body Artist" called "Body Art". On April 26, 2013, it was announced that DeLillo had received the inaugural Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction (formerly the Library of Congress Creative Achievement Award for Fiction), with the presentation of the award due to take place during the 2013 Library of Congress National Book Festival, Sept. 21–22, 2013.


title: Don DeLillo

text: The prize honors "an American literary writer whose body of work is distinguished not only for its mastery of the art but for its originality of thought and imagination. The award seeks to commend strong, unique, enduring voices that—throughout long, consistently accomplished careers—have told us something about the American experience." In a statement issued in response to the award, DeLillo said, "When I received news of this award, my first thoughts were of my mother and father, who came to this country the hard way, as young people confronting a new language and culture. In a significant sense, the Library of Congress Prize is the culmination of their efforts and a tribute to their memory."


title: Don DeLillo

text: In November 2012, DeLillo revealed that he was at work on a new novel, his 16th, and that "the [main] character spends a lot of time watching file footage on a wide screen, images of a disaster." In August 2015, DeLillo's US publishers Simon and Schuster announced that the novel, "Zero K", would be published in May 2016. The advanced blurb for the novel is as follows:


title: Don DeLillo

text: Jeffrey Lockhart's father, Ross, is a George Soros-like billionaire now in his sixties, with a younger wife, Artis, whose health is failing. Ross is the primary investor in a deeply remote and secret compound where death is controlled and bodies are preserved until a future moment when medicine and technology can reawaken them. Jeffrey joins Ross and Artis at the compound to say "an uncertain farewell" to her as she surrenders her body. Ross Lockhart is not driven by the hope for immortality, for power and wealth beyond the grave. He is driven by love for his wife, for Artis, without whom he feels life is not worth living. It is that which compels him to submit to death long before his time. Jeffrey heartily disapproves. He is committed to living, to "the mingled astonishments of our time, here, on earth. "Thus begins an emotionally resonant novel that weighs the darkness of the world—terrorism, floods, fires, famine, death—against the beauty of everyday life; love, awe, "the intimate touch of earth and sun." Brilliantly observed and infused with humor, Don Delillo's "Zero K" is an acute observation about the fragility and meaning of life, about embracing our family, this world, our language, and our humanity.


title: Don DeLillo

text: In November 2015, DeLillo received the 2015 Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters at the 66th National Book Awards Ceremony. The ceremony was held on November 8 in New York City, and he was presented his award by Pulitzer Prize winner Jennifer Egan, a writer profoundly influenced by DeLillo's work. In his acceptance speech, DeLillo reflected upon his career as a reader as well as a writer, recalling examining his personal book collection and feeling a profound sense of personal connection to literature: "Here I'm not the writer at all, I'm a grateful reader. When I look at my bookshelves I find myself gazing like a museum-goer." In February 2016, DeLillo was the guest of honor at an academic conference dedicated to his work, "Don DeLillo: Fiction Rescues History", a three-day event at the Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris.


title: Don DeLillo

text: Speaking to "The Guardian" in November 2018, DeLillo revealed work on a new novel, his 17th, "set three years in the future. But I'm not trying to imagine the future in the usual terms. I'm trying to imagine what has been torn apart and what can be put back together, and I don't know the answer. I hope I can arrive at an answer through writing the fiction."


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo's 17th novel, "The Silence", was published by Scribner in October 2020. In February 2021, producer Uri Singer acquired the rights to the novel; later the same year, reports emerged that the playwright Jez Butterworth was planning to adapt "The Silence" for the screen.


title: Don DeLillo

text: The first Library of America volume of DeLillo's writings is scheduled for publication in October 2022. The volume, titled "Don DeLillo: Three Novels of the 1980s", collects the three major works DeLillo published under his own name during the 1980s: "The Names" (1982), "White Noise" (1985), and "Libra" (1988). The novels will have new prefaces written by DeLillo for the collection, and the DeLillo scholar Mark Osteen will serve as editor.


title: Don DeLillo

text: Since 1979, in addition to his novels and occasional essays, DeLillo has been active as a playwright. To date, DeLillo has written five major plays: "The Engineer of Moonlight" (1979), "The Day Room" (1986), "Valparaiso" (1999), "Love Lies Bleeding" (2006), and, most recently, "The Word For Snow" (2007). Stage adaptations have also been written for DeLillo's novels "Libra" and "Mao II".


title: Don DeLillo

text: Of his work as a playwright, DeLillo has said that he feels his plays are not influenced by the same writers as his novels: "I'm not sure who influenced me [as a playwright]. I've seen some reviews that mention Beckett and Pinter, but I don't know what to say about that. I don't feel it myself."


title: Don DeLillo

text: DeLillo's work displays elements of both modernism and postmodernism. (Though it is worth noting that DeLillo himself claims not to know if his work is postmodern: "It is not [postmodern]. I'm the last guy to ask. If I had to classify myself, it would be in the long line of modernists, from James Joyce through William Faulkner and so on. That has always been my model.") He has said the primary influences on his work and development are "abstract expressionism, foreign films, and jazz." Many of DeLillo's books (notably "White Noise") satirize academia and explore postmodern themes of rampant consumerism, novelty intellectualism, underground conspiracies, the disintegration and re-integration of the family, and the promise of rebirth through violence.


title: Don DeLillo

text: In several of his novels, DeLillo explores the idea of the increasing visibility and effectiveness of terrorists as societal actors and, consequently, the displacement of what he views to be artists', and particularly novelists', traditional role in facilitating social discourse ("Players", "Mao II", "Falling Man"). Another perpetual theme in DeLillo's books is the saturation of mass media and its role in forming simulacra, resulting in the removal of an event from its context and the consequent draining of meaning (see the highway shooter in "Underworld", the televised disasters longed for in "White Noise", the planes in "Falling Man", the evolving story of the interviewee in "Valparaiso"). The psychology of crowds and the capitulation of individuals to group identity is a theme DeLillo examines in several of his novels, especially in the prologue to "Underworld", "Mao II", and "Falling Man". In a 1993 interview with Maria Nadotti, DeLillo explained


title: Don DeLillo

text: Many younger English-language authors such as Bret Easton Ellis, Jonathan Franzen, and David Foster Wallace have cited DeLillo as an influence. Literary critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, along with Thomas Pynchon, Philip Roth, and Cormac McCarthy, though he questions the classification of DeLillo as a "postmodern novelist." Asked if he approves of this designation, DeLillo has responded: "I don't react. But I'd prefer not to be labeled. I'm a novelist, period. An American novelist."


title: Don DeLillo

text: Critics of DeLillo argue that his novels are overly stylized and intellectually shallow. In James Wood's review of Zadie Smith's 2000 novel "White Teeth", he dismissed the work of authors like DeLillo, Wallace, and Smith as "hysterical realism". Bruce Bawer famously condemned DeLillo's novels insisting they weren't actually novels at all but "tracts, designed to batter us, again and again, with a single idea: that life in America today is boring, benumbing, dehumanized...It's better, DeLillo seems to say in one novel after another, to be a marauding murderous maniac – and therefore a "human" – than to sit still for America as it is, with its air conditioners, assembly lines, television sets, supermarkets, synthetic fabrics, and credit cards."


title: Don DeLillo

text: George Will proclaimed the study of Lee Harvey Oswald in "Libra" as "sandbox existentialism" and "an act of literary vandalism and bad citizenship." DeLillo responded "I don't take it seriously, but being called a 'bad citizen' is a compliment to a novelist, at least to my mind. That's exactly what we ought to do. We ought to be bad citizens. We ought to, in the sense that we're writing against what power represents, and often what government represents, and what the corporation dictates, and what consumer consciousness has come to mean. In that sense, if we're bad citizens, we're doing our job." In the same interview DeLillo rejected Will's claim that DeLillo blames America for Lee Harvey Oswald, countering that he instead blamed America for George Will. B. R. Myers devoted an entire chapter ("Edgy Prose") of "A Reader's Manifesto", his 2002 critique of recent American literary fiction, to dissecting passages from DeLillo's books and arguing that they're banal ideas badly written.


title: Coco Jones

text: Courtney "Coco" Jones (born January 4, 1998) is an American singer and actress. She rose to prominence starring in the Disney Channel film "Let It Shine" (2012) and was featured on "Radio Disney's Next Big Thing" from 2010 to 2011. Jones was formerly signed with Hollywood Records, before releasing her independent singles and EPs beginning in 2014. As of March 2022, Jones is officially signed to Def Jam Recordings.


title: Coco Jones

text: Jones was born in Columbia, South Carolina, but raised in Lebanon, Tennessee, a small town near Nashville, to former NFL player Mike Jones and session vocalist Javonda Jones, Her brother, Mike Jones Jr., is a current LSU linebacker. She began singing at a very young age. Her first stage performance was at the age of six when she performed "America the Beautiful" to a crowded auditorium of parents at her kindergarten graduation. At the age of nine, she met with the casting heads for Disney. After that, she became an actor and songwriter. In 2006, she competed on Radio Disney, where she became known for her song "Real You".


title: Coco Jones

text: In 2011, she guest-starred on Disney Channel's television series "So Random!". In 2009, she was chosen to perform live on "The Most Talented Kids" episode of the "Maury Povich Show". In 2010, Jones was the runner up during season 3 of Radio Disney's The Next Big Thing singing competition. Shortly after, she released her debut project "Coco Jones", and began a concert tour revolving around the theme of anti-bullying called UBU-Stop the Bullying.


title: Coco Jones

text: The movie was the most watched Disney Channel Original Movie and most watched movie of the year for kids and tweens in 2012. Jones and the other main cast of "Let It Shine" performed at the 43rd Annual NAACP Image Awards Nominees Luncheon prior to the movie's release.


title: Coco Jones

text: Jones signed a record deal with Hollywood Records and began working with Grammy-nominated producer Rob Galbraith, co-writing and recording all-new original music. Jones' debut single "Holla at the DJ" premiered on Radio Disney on December 6, 2012, with its release on iTunes the next day. The video for the track premiered on the Disney Channel on December 12, with a premiere on VEVO just afterwards. Her extended play "Made Of" was released on March 12, 2013 and toured with Mindless Behavior later that year. Jones performed with Mindless Behavior at Radio Disney's Radio Disney Music Awards, and took home an award for "Funniest Celebrity Take." Following the release of the EP, Jones worked in the studio with David Banner, Ester Dean, and Jukebox, with plans to release her debut album by August.


title: Coco Jones

text: In January 2014, Jones was dropped from Hollywood Records, becoming an independent artist. On August 29, 2014, Jones released a lyric video for her debut independent single, "Peppermint". It was officially released on iTunes on September 4, 2014.


title: Coco Jones

text: Jones was featured in a Fanta commercial in July 2017 alongside YouTubers and other public personnel who value the idea of self expression.


title: Coco Jones

text: Jones was featured in 1950s-era jazz film "Flock of Four" in April 2018. In September of that year she released a song called "Just My Luck" along with its music video.


title: Coco Jones

text: On September 3, 2019, Jones released a song called "Depressed". On September 20, 2019, she released an 8-track EP titled "H.D.W.Y.".


title: Coco Jones

text: In August 2020, it was announced Jones will appear in the upcoming holiday film "White Elephant" and horror film "Vampires vs. the Bronx".


title: Coco Jones

text: In September 2020, Jones spoke on her YouTube channel about her negative experiences in the beginning of her career. According to her, she was told following "Let It Shine" that she would star in a sequel to the movie, be given her own television series, and be able to release a studio album. Eventually, executives decided she was not marketable enough, and these plans fell through. Jones encouraged her audience to "do the math" about the situation and stated colorism is a problem in the industry. Audio bytes from Jones' video began circulating in video clips on social networking site TikTok, with some clips reaching millions of views. Later that year, Jones released the single "Hollyweird" in November 2020.


title: Coco Jones

text: In September 2021, Jones was cast in Peacock's "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" reimagining "Bel-Air", portraying Hilary Banks. The show would eventually premiere in February 2022.


title: Coco Jones

text: On March 20, 2022, Jones announced that she had signed a new artist deal with High Standardz and Def Jam Recordings. Her major label debut single "Caliber" was released on March 25, 2022, and also served as the lead single for her major label debut EP "What I Didn’t Tell You". After the release of the EP’s second single “ICU”, as well as the non-album Amazon Music exclusive single “Love is War”, the EP was released on November 4, 2022.


title: Coco Jones

text: A month prior to the EP's release, Jones was featured on Babyface's ninth album "Girls Night Out", contributing vocals to the song "Simple". A music video for the song was also released a week later on October 31.


title: Coco Jones

text: Jones has cited her biggest musical influences as Mariah Carey, Beyoncé, Aretha Franklin, Roberta Flack, Celine Dion, Etta James, Christina Aguilera, Jennifer Hudson, CeCe Winans, and Mary J. Blige.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: Hot in Cleveland is an American television sitcom on TV Land starring Valerie Bertinelli, Jane Leeves, Wendie Malick, and Betty White.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: The series, which was TV Land's first original series, premiered on June 16, 2010, and was TV Land's highest rated telecast in the cable network's 14-year history. The series was originally picked up for 10 episodes. On May 1, 2014, TV Land renewed "Hot in Cleveland" for a sixth season and confirmed the following November that it would be the show's last. The series ran for 128 episodes, with the hour-long final episode airing on June 3, 2015.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: The series was created by Suzanne Martin and executive produced by Martin, Sean Hayes and Todd Milliner, through their production companies SamJen Productions and Hazy Mills Productions, and is produced in association with TV Land. The concept behind the show was based on an original idea by Lynda Obst, who serves as executive producer. The series was recorded in front of a live studio audience at CBS's Studio Center in Studio City, California.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: The series centers on three aging entertainment industry veterans from Los Angeles: Melanie (Valerie Bertinelli), Joy (Jane Leeves), and Victoria (Wendie Malick). The three women find a more welcoming and less shallow, less youth-obsessed community in Cleveland, Ohio, where, as seen in the pilot episode, their Paris-bound plane makes an emergency landing. They decide to stay and lease a home where sassy caretaker Elka (Betty White) resides in the guest house.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: Guest stars during the first season included Shirley Knight as Melanie's overprotective mother, Loretta; Hal Linden as Victoria's womanizing actor father, Alex; singer Joe Jonas as Melanie's son, Will; Carl Reiner as Max, Elka's boyfriend; Bil Dwyer as Melanie's ex-husband Anders; and Juliet Mills as Joy's critical mother, Philippa. Other first season guest stars include John Schneider, Wayne Knight, Robert Gant, Huey Lewis, Amy Yasbeck, Tim Conway, Mark Indelicato, David Starzyk, Gary Anthony Williams, Dave Foley and Susan Lucci.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: For the second season, Mary Tyler Moore guest starred in the season premiere as Elka's jail cellmate, in the wake of the latter's arrest in the first season finale. This marked the first time since 1977, when "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" ended, that White and Moore had worked together. Sherri Shepherd appeared in two episodes as the judge in Elka's competency case. David Starzyk, John Schneider, Huey Lewis, Wayne Knight and Carl Reiner all reprised their roles from season 1. Bonnie Franklin also guest starred as Melanie's ex-boyfriend's mother, Franklin reuniting with "One Day at a Time" co-star Valerie Bertinelli. On July 20, 2011, Doris Roberts appeared as Lydia Dombrosky, Elka's nemesis. Jennifer Love Hewitt guest starred as Victoria's daughter Emmy, while Michael McMillian appeared as Joy's son, Owen. Buck Henry appeared in multiple episodes as Elka's love interest and eventual fiancé. Jimmy Kimmel, Susan Lucci, and Melanie Griffith made guest appearances as themselves. Michael E. Knight, Jon Lovitz, Isaiah Mustafa, Monica Horan, Max Greenfield, Mindy Cohn, Amy Sedaris, Frank Caliendo, Cedric the Entertainer, Darnell Williams and Jane Leeves' "Frasier" co-stars Peri Gilpin and John Mahoney also appeared on the show as guest stars. Don Rickles made a surprise appearance as Elka's dead husband in the Season 2 finale, "Elka's Wedding".


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: Season three features guest stars such as series producer Sean Hayes as a hand model boyfriend of Victoria's, Gilles Marini as Captain Lebeau, Kathie Lee Gifford, Sandra Bernhard, Don Rickles as Elka's late husband Bob, who faked his death, John Mahoney (Leeves' former "Frasier" costar) as Roy, Elka's boyfriend, and Laura San Giacomo as Melanie's estranged sister, and Baron Davis and Josh Cribbs as themselves. In addition to Mary Tyler Moore guest starring in the second season premiere, the third season saw Betty White reunite with Ed Asner and Georgia Engel in two separate episodes. The season includes the return of guests Jennifer Love Hewitt, Susan Lucci, Huey Lewis, Joe Jonas and Jon Lovitz. Cybill Shepherd, Curtis Armstrong, Andy Richter, Roger Bart, Paul Dooley, Jonathan Silverman, Doug Savant, Rhea Perlman, Kristin Chenoweth, Barry Bostwick, Alex Borstein, Dan Cortese, Lee Corso, Kevin Nealon, Regis Philbin, Joan Rivers, and David Spade—who had co-starred with Malick in "Just Shoot Me", as had San Giacomo—also make guest appearances in the third season. Rick Springfield portrays an impersonator of himself who tricks Joy into sleeping with him in episode 16. Dan Dotson and Laura Dotson from "Storage Wars" appear as themselves in Episode 22.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: Season four recurring guests include Heather Locklear as Chloe, Jay Harrington as Alec, and Alan Dale as Emmett. Other guest stars include Craig Ferguson, who plays the ex-boyfriend that left Joy when she became pregnant, Eddie Cibrian as Sean, Fred Willard as Dr. Hill, and Gary Anthony Sturgis as Officer Davenport, while Ed Begley Jr., Nicholas Bishop, Heather Dubrow, Dave Foley, Jesse Tyler Ferguson and George Hamilton also make guest appearances. Georgia Engel and Regis Philbin reprise their roles from the previous season, while Michael McMillian returns as Owen, Joy's son and Juliet Mills returns for one episode as Joy's mother.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: In the live episode for the mid-season premiere, Academy Award winner Shirley Jones makes a guest appearance, as does William Shatner as "Sally from Cincinnati". Carol Burnett guest-starred as Victoria's mother and Jean Smart guest-starred as Victoria's sister in the second episode of the summer season. Tim Conway also reprised his role as Elka's ex-boyfriend, Nick.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" cast reunited on screen for the first time in 36 years, in an episode where Mary Tyler Moore, Valerie Harper, Cloris Leachman, Betty White and Georgia Engel were all members of a 1960s bowling team reuniting for the first time in 50 years.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: In the season finale, Melanie announces she is pregnant, Joy rekindles her love for her son's father, and Victoria's husband, Emmett, who is in jail, has escaped on the night of their jailhouse honeymoon.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: Season 5 premiered with "The Soul Man" with two back-to-back live episodes on March 26, 2014 (10:00PM EDT and 10:30PM EDT). Guest stars in the premiere episode included Dave Foley and Georgia Engel reprising their roles from the previous seasons, as well as Ken Jeong and Albert Tsai making a guest appearances with Alex Trebek appearing as himself. Cedric the Entertainer made a special guest appearance reprising his role from the "Hot in Cleveland" spin-off "The Soul Man", while Betty White reprised her role as Elka on "The Soul Man". Jennifer Love Hewitt, Jay Harrington, Craig Ferguson, Michael McMillian, Susan Lucci and Juliet Mills reprised their roles from the previous seasons. Tim Daly was added as recurring character Mitch, Joy's new boss and love interest. Additional guest appearances were made by Thomas Lennon, Jaime Pressly, Angela Kinsey, Chris Elliott, Jason Priestley, Sarah Hyland, Max Greenfield, Cheri Oteri, Chevy Chase, Rob Schneider, Nora Dunn, Morgan Fairchild, Coby Bell, Chris Colfer, Will Sasso, Steven Tyler (in the special animated episode), Queen Latifah, Perez Hilton and Debra Monk.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: The sixth season was announced by TV Land as the final season for the series. Guest stars for this season include: Ernie Hudson as one of Victoria's ex-husbands who helps her come to terms with their once embarrassing legacy, Lesley Nicol who appeared in the Christmas episode; Andrew J. West as a man who hits on Melanie, Timm Sharp as the producer of Victoria's new TV show, and Robert Wagner as Jim, a new man in Elka's life. Mario Lopez appears as himself, with newly appointed Councilwoman Elka trying to lure him into taping his TV show in Cleveland. Gladys Knight and Ben Vereen appear in the "One Wedding and One Funeral" episode. Will Sasso reprises his role as Franky, Melanie's co-host on the "He Said/She Said" radio program. Bob Newhart, Thomas Gibson and Huey Lewis all appear in the season and series finale. Stacy Keach plays Victoria's father Alex in two episodes.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: "Hot in Cleveland" was TV Land's first attempt at a first-run scripted comedy (the channel has rerun other sitcoms since its debut) and was produced by Sean Hayes's Hazy Mills Productions and written by Suzanne Martin, who also served as the showrunner. It was shot with a multicamera setup in front of a live studio audience at the CBS Studio Center production studios.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: Martin initially got the idea from the period after Estelle Getty died, when clips of Getty's sitcom, "The Golden Girls", were being replayed on the news. This caused Martin "to think about women in their 50s and what the show meant for women now." She then devised a scenario in which "women in that age group landed somewhere in America and they were 'hot again' there". Martin initially pitched the series to CBS, who rejected it, which Martin believes was "because it involved women older than the demo they were looking at". At the time of the pickup, Martin was unaware of TV Land's existence.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: TV Land announced that the show had been renewed for a second season on July 7, 2010. The 20-episode second season began production on November 1, 2010, and premiered January 19, 2011. On February 28, 2011, TV Land renewed the show for a third season to consist of 22 episodes. On March 21, 2011, TV Land announced that the third season order had been increased to 24 episodes. On January 12, 2012, TV Land renewed the series for a fourth season.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: Betty White was only meant to appear in the pilot of the show but was asked to stay on for the entire series.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: On April 18, 2011, it was announced that Cedric the Entertainer would guest star in a season 2 episode as a minister who gets caught up in the girls' problems. The episode served as a backdoor pilot for a spin-off series to star Cedric. The episode entitled "Bridezelka" was written by "Hot in Cleveland" creator Suzanne Martin and aired on August 24, 2011.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: The spin-off series centers on Reverend Boyce (Cedric) as he moves from Cleveland to St. Louis and has to balance his wild past as an R&B singer with the expectations of his congregation and his family. On January 12, 2012, TV Land officially picked up the pilot to series, under the title "Have Faith"; with the first season set to have 12 episodes. On March 11, 2012, it was announced that the series' title was changed from "Have Faith" to "The Soul Man". The series premiered on June 20, 2012. In the March 27, 2014 premiere of "Hot in Cleveland", Cedric the Entertainer reprises his role as Reverend Boyce; however, he doesn't appear to recognize the characters from his appearance in Season 2 of "Hot in Cleveland". Betty White also reprises her role as Elka on "The Soul Man".


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: In the second season of "Hot in Cleveland", the show crossed over with daytime soap opera "All My Children", in the two-part episode "I Love Lucci". Wendie Malick appeared on "All My Children", where she was credited as Victoria Chase, while Susan Lucci appears as herself on "Hot in Cleveland".


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: The fifth season of "Hot in Cleveland" featured a crossover with the television series "Kirstie", which also aired on TV Land in 2013–14.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: The show received positive reviews from critics. Wendie Malick received extensive praise for her performance. The first season scored a 65 out of 100 on Metacritic.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: "Hot in Cleveland" has been referred to as a modern spin on the classic 1980s television series "The Golden Girls" which also featured actress Betty White in a starring role. Craig Berman of "Today" stated that the show is "as close as we're likely to get to a repeat of White's 1980s ensemble comedy hit, "The Golden Girls" ... [TV Land] the network known as the refuge for people looking to fall asleep to reruns of shows from their childhood has made its first scripted program a modern version of the classic sitcom premise." Alessandra Stanley of "The New York Times" commented: "This is the first original scripted comedy on TV Land, a network that was founded on reruns. So not surprisingly, "Hot in Cleveland" is a pastiche of classics – a little bit "Cheers" and "Frasier", a little bit "The Golden Girls"." Michael Musto of "The Village Voice" wrote: "Wendy Malick is basically the modern-day Bea Arthur. Sweet-faced Valerie Bertinelli is the new Betty White. Been-around Jane Leeves is the nouveau Rue McClanahan. And witheringly sarcastic Golden Girl Betty White has turned into Estelle Getty."


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: Betty White received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her role as Elka Ostrovsky, and went on to win the award. The cast received a nomination for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: On May 17, 2011, TV Land entered the show in the race for the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards. The show submitted for Outstanding Comedy Series and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for all four leading women, to reinforce the idea of an ensemble cast. The show also submitted in technical categories.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: On July 14, 2011, the show received two Primetime Emmy nominations, including Betty White getting nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Comedy Series.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: In December 2011, Betty White received her second consecutive SAG nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series. She went on to win it.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: The series premiere of "Hot in Cleveland" was a ratings success for TV Land. It earned a 1.9 rating, averaged 2 million viewers among the network's target audience of adults 25–54, and averaged 1.3 million among women 25–54. It drew a total of 4.75 million viewers, making it the most watched show in TV Land history.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: On March 20, 2013, TV Land announced that "Hot in Cleveland" had been renewed for a 24-episode fifth season, to begin in late fall of 2013. With the fifth season bringing the total episodes in the series to 104, TV Land also announced it had made deals in 92% of the U.S. television markets for a syndication package, which premiered in the fall of 2014. The show also aired on Nick Jr.'s short-lived NickMom block from May 23 to September 27 2015, and on GetTV since 2019.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: On June 22, 2010, it was announced that Endemol would distribute "Hot in Cleveland" internationally, while CBS Television Distribution would own the US rights, with syndication to start in 2013. The show began broadcasting on July 5, 2010, in Canada on CTV, and on July 9 on The Comedy Network. Only Season 1 and Part 1 of Season 2 have aired. It currently airs in strip on M3.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: It began broadcasting on July 26, 2010, in Australia on the Nine Network. Since 2020, all six seasons have been available for streaming on 10 Play, though out of order for many episodes causing confusion when end of season cliffhangers, eg, are not resolved for several episodes.


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: In the UK and Ireland, the series began airing on Sky Living on February 15, 2011. For season 3, the show switched to Sony Entertainment Television (UK & Ireland).


title: Hot in Cleveland

text: In South Africa, it began broadcasting on M-Net on July 8, 2011. In India, "Hot in Cleveland" started airing from June 2012 on Comedy Central.


title: José Feliciano

text: José Monserrate Feliciano García (born September 10, 1945), better known as José Feliciano (), is a Puerto Rican musician, singer and composer. He recorded many international hits, including his rendition of the Doors' "Light My Fire" and his self-penned Christmas song "Feliz Navidad". Music genres he explores consist of fusion of many styles, such as Latin, blues, jazz, soul and rock music, created primarily with the help of his signature acoustic guitar sound.


title: José Feliciano

text: In the United States, Feliciano became popular in the 1960s, particularly after his 1968 album "Feliciano!" reached number 2 on the music charts. Since then, he released in his career over fifty albums worldwide, in both English and Spanish language.


title: José Feliciano

text: José Monserrate Feliciano Garcia was born on September 10, 1945, in Lares, Puerto Rico, the fourth child of 11 sons. He was born blind as a result of congenital glaucoma. He was first exposed to music at the age of 3, playing on a cracker tin can while accompanying his uncle who played the cuatro. When Feliciano was five, his family moved to Spanish Harlem, New York City, where he made his first public appearance at the Teatro Puerto Rico in The Bronx.


title: José Feliciano

text: Feliciano's knack for music became apparent when at 7, he taught himself to play the accordion. About two years later, when he was 9 years old, his father gave him his first guitar. He would play his guitar by himself in his room for up to 14 hours a day, and would learn by listening to 1950s rock and roll, records of classical guitarists, and jazz players. Andrés Segovia and Wes Montgomery were among his favorites. As a teenager, Feliciano took classical guitar lessons with Harold Morris, a staff music teacher at The Light House School for the Blind in New York City. Morris himself had once been a student of Segovia. In a 1969 interview, Feliciano mentioned soul music in general, and Ray Charles and Sam Cooke in particular, as influences on his singing.


title: José Feliciano

text: At 17, in order to help support his family, Feliciano left high school. He started frequenting the coffee houses of Greenwich Village, "passing the hat" as his "salary" in those clubs where he was invited to play. His first professional contracted performance was at The Retort, a coffee house in Detroit, Michigan.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 1963, while gaining recognition in pubs, coffee houses and clubs throughout the U.S. and Canada, especially in Greenwich Village, New York, and Vancouver, British Columbia, he was discovered while performing at Gerde's Folk City in the Village and immediately signed by Jack Somer, an executive at RCA Victor. Feliciano recounts the story of doing an impression of Bob Dylan, only to find that Dylan was in the audience. In 1964, he released his first single, "Everybody Do the Click" (which became a hit in the Philippines, at No. 2, staying 14 weeks in the Top Ten Hit parade) and was invited to the 1964 Newport Folk Festival. In 1965 and 1966, he released his first albums: "The Voice and Guitar of José Feliciano" and "A Bag Full of Soul", two folk-pop-soul albums that showcased his talent on radios across the US, where in July 1963 he had been described by "New York Times" columnist, Robert Shelton as a ""10-fingered wizard"."


title: José Feliciano

text: In 1966, Feliciano visited Mar del Plata, Argentina, to perform at the "Festival de Mar del Plata". There, he so impressed the RCA Victor executives, that they wanted him to stay and record an album for them in Spanish. They were unsure how they wanted to record, so Feliciano suggested he record some of the bolero music of his parents where Feliciano then added his blues and folk influences from his experiences while playing in the Village. The result was two smash hits with the singles "Poquita Fe" ("Little Faith", also titled "Sin Fe", or "Without Faith"), and "Usted". This was the beginning of a series of successful singles, albums and gold records throughout Latin America and Hispanic communities in the United States where Feliciano revolutionized the sound of the bolero. Some of his most beloved interpretations include "La Copa Rota, La Carcel de Sing Sing, Extraños en la Noche" which charted concurrently as the Spanish version of Frank Sinatra's "Strangers in the Night".


title: José Feliciano

text: A year later, Feliciano was scheduled to perform in the United Kingdom but the authorities would not allow his guide dog, Trudy, into the country unless she was quarantined for six months. The stringent quarantine measures of those days were intended to prevent the spread of rabies. Devastated by their actions, Feliciano wrote a song about his experience entitled "No Dogs Allowed" (becoming a Netherlands Top 10 hit in 1969), which told the story of this first visit to London.


title: José Feliciano

text: During his British visit on July 16, 1967, Feliciano gave a live performance on the pirate radio stations Radio 227 and Radio 355, on board the MV "Laissez Faire" off the British coast less than a month before the stations were due to be closed by the UK's Marine Broadcasting Offences Act. He also guested on a popular British television show with Dusty Springfield and recorded a rare single for RCA in England called "My Foolish Heart / Only Once" which was played on London radio .


title: José Feliciano

text: After two more successful albums, Feliciano, now a household name throughout Latin America, moved to Los Angeles. He was introduced to RCA Victor producer, Rick Jarrard who, at the time, was also producing Harry Nilsson and Jefferson Airplane. They recorded the hit album "Feliciano!" together, including the Doors' song "Light My Fire". Feliciano's style was clearly defining itself by that time as that of an innovative crossover artist with soul, folk and rock influences, infused with a substantial Latin flair. RCA released "California Dreamin as the first single during the summer of 1968 with "Light My Fire" as the B-side. A DJ behind the mic at KJR-Radio in Seattle, Washington liked that song on the flip side, played it on the air, and it took off, reaching No. 3 on the US pop charts with over one million copies sold in the US market alone. The song became a No. 1 hit in many countries, including Canada, Brazil and the UK and was awarded a gold disc. The Doors guitarist Robbie Krieger has complimented the cover.


title: José Feliciano

text: On the strength of this success, Feliciano won two Grammy Awards in 1968 for Best New Artist of the Year and Best Pop Male Performance, bringing him worldwide recognition as an avant-garde pop star due to his unique "crossover" style from Latino music to English-language pop/rock. He is widely recognized as the first virtuoso classical guitarist to bring the sound of a nylon-string guitar into the pop/rock scene.


title: José Feliciano

text: On October 7, 1968, at the height of protests against the Vietnam War, Feliciano was invited by Detroit Tigers broadcaster Ernie Harwell to perform "The Star-Spangled Banner" at Tiger Stadium in Detroit during Game 5 pre-game ceremonies of the 1968 World Series between the Tigers and the St. Louis Cardinals. His personalized, slow, Latin jazz performance proved highly controversial and damaging to Feliciano's career in the months, even years, that followed. Some listeners thought he had "desecrated" and disrespected the national anthem but when asked about it, Feliciano explained that the reason he offered a non-traditional rendition of the anthem was to get people to pay attention to it. In an November 2017 NPR broadcast, he expressed pride at being the one to open the door for artists who could later interpret the nation's anthem. His World Series rendition, which features Feliciano accompanying himself on an acoustic guitar, was released as a single that charted for 5 weeks on the "Billboard" Hot 100, peaking at number 50; the first time the United States' anthem appeared on the American music charts. That recording of the national anthem is now on permanent exhibit in the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 1969, Feliciano recorded two more albums with Rick Jarrard, "10 to 23" and the London Palladium double-disc LP, "Alive Alive-O!", both of which were awarded gold discs. He also worked with Quincy Jones on the "Mackenna's Gold" movie soundtrack, where he recorded the theme song "Old Turkey Buzzard" and appeared on numerous US television shows, performing duets with Johnny Cash, Bing Crosby, Glen Campbell, Andy Williams, and Diana Ross.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 1970, Feliciano released an album of Christmas music, again with Rick Jarrard, originally entitled "Jose Feliciano", festively resembling a Christmas present in gold wrapping with a big green and red bow. Later, the album would assume the name of its most unlikely selection, that of Feliciano's composition ""Feliz Navidad"". During the recording process, Jarrard had suggested that Feliciano write a new Christmas song for the album. Feliciano thought it impractical but began reminiscing about his childhood in Puerto Rico, and soon ""Feliz Navidad"" was born. ""Feliz Navidad"" has been covered internationally by hundreds of artists, becoming a traditional part of the musical landscape around the world at Christmas time. Each year during the Christmas season, ""Feliz Navidad"" remains one of the most played and most downloaded songs of the season. ""Feliz Navidad"" is also recognized by ASCAP as one of the 25 all-time most-played Christmas songs in the world and it is in the Grammy Hall of Fame.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 1971, Feliciano traveled to Italy to participate in the Sanremo Music Festival, singing the song ""Che Sarà"" in Italian, earning second place in that contest along with a standing ovation from the Italian public. Feliciano later recorded the song with Jarrard, which became a success in Italy, and in much of Europe, including the Eastern Bloc countries, as well as in Asia. They recorded it in Spanish as ""Qué Será"", which became a hit in Central and South America, and in English as ""Shake a Hand"", which was a hit in the Scandinavian countries.


title: José Feliciano

text: Feliciano wrote and performed the theme song to the 1970s comedy series "Chico and the Man", and played a guest role in one episode as the cousin of Chico (Freddie Prinze), singer Pepe Fernando. In the 1970s, he acted and composed for television series and movies including "McMillan & Wife", "Kung Fu", and the soundtrack for the 1976 movie "Aaron Loves Angela." He has also been a guest performer on many albums by other artists, including Bill Withers's "+'Justments", John Lennon's "Rock 'n' Roll", Joni Mitchell's "Court and Spark", Michael Nesmith's "Tantamount to Treason Vol. 1", and has given concerts with Carlos Santana, Cat Stevens, and Paul Simon.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 1975, on his last RCA album "Just Wanna Rock'n'Roll" Feliciano released his jazz-funk-Latin instrumental composition "Affirmation", which was re-released a year later by jazz guitarist George Benson on his hit album "Breezin".


title: José Feliciano

text: In early 1974, Feliciano performed behind the Iron Curtain Prague, Czechoslovakia, sharing the stage there with Czech idol, Karel Gott.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 1979, Feliciano recorded a spontaneous version of his 1968 hit "Light My Fire" as a duet with rhythm and blues/pop singer Minnie Riperton. The duet was included on Riperton's final studio album for Capitol Records. Riperton died of cancer two months after its release. Feliciano recalls that the duet was unplanned, which is why he is not heard until the second half of the song. He and Riperton were friends and he just happened to be working in an adjoining studio while she was recording and popped in to say hello.


title: José Feliciano

text: During the 1980s, after a brief stay on Motown with two English-language albums produced by Berry Gordy in 1981 and Rick Jarrard in 1983, Feliciano was a guest on the 1983 NBC television show "". Also during this time period, Jose Feliciano's manager Burl Hechtman and promoters Gary Mason and Leonardo Schultz met with President of Motown Records Jay Lasker and convinced him to record a Spanish album. They promised Lasker "big sales" and a Grammy nomination. The album would be produced by Leonardo Schultz and Exec Produced by Mason under the watchful eye of Hechtman. The album entitled "Escenas Amor" was a big hit in the Latin market and garnered a Grammy nomination for Best Latin Pop Performance. A second album was green-lighted by Lasker, entitled "Me Enamora" with the same production team, which was an even bigger hit, and received a Grammy for Best Latin Pop Performance. During this time period, Mason and Schultz also arranged for Feliciano to perform at the Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar. Feliciano left Motown and released a number of successful records for that market, including the Motown albums "Escenas de Amor" and "Me Enamoré", as well as others from RCA, EMI, and Capitol, garnering 4 more Grammy Awards for best Latin Performer. He recorded a duet called "Por Ella" with the most popular Mexican singer at the time, José José, which became a Latin hit. In the 1980s and into the 1990s, José recorded duets with Natalie Cole ("More Than the Stars" on her 1987 album "Everlasting"), Gloria Estefan ("Tengo Que Decirte Algo" on her 2000 album "Alma Caribeña"), Chamaco Rivera ("Consuelo" on his 1984 album "Por Fin"), jazz singer Diane Schuur ("By Design" and "The American Wedding Song" on her 1985 album "Schuur Thing"), and Paul Simon ("Born in Puerto Rico" on his 1997 album "Songs from The Capeman"). In 1982, Feliciano played guitar on the DeBarge record "All This Love". In 1987 Feliciano gave two concerts in East Germany: One in Leipzig and another in East Berlin with the Berliner Sinfonie-Orchester.


title: José Feliciano

text: Feliciano received his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on December 1, 1987. Feliciano was honored by the City of New York, which renamed Public School 155 as the Jose Feliciano Performing Arts School. His hands were cast on Madame Tussauds Museum's Wall of Fame and he has a star on the Walk of Fame of his native Puerto Rico. He also had a hit in 1987 in Austria with the song "The Sound of Vienna", which reached number 1 there for 4 weeks, and recorded with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra. The Orchestra also performed with him live on national television at Danube Park in Vienna before more than 60,000 people.


title: José Feliciano

text: When Jose Feliciano became a father in 1988, in 1991 and again in 1995, he enjoyed staying closer to home. Always loving radio and wanting to one day be a disc jockey, Jose teamed up with Mark Graham, the owner/programmer/DJ of radio station WMMM in Westport, Connecticut, where they co-hosted a weekly live radio broadcast called "Speaking of Music." Here the comical duo would chat about the music of all kinds and Jose shared his vast knowledge of the music industry. Jose would play live on air, take questions from callers and interview guest artists. He enjoyed that post for over a year and says he learned a lot from the experience.


title: José Feliciano

text: Feliciano released a cover version of Richard Marx's "Right Here Waiting" in early 1990, and in 1994 he recorded a dance record in English entitled "Goin' Krazy" (MJM Records) under the pseudonym JF?. Latino disk jockeys around the world supported the record, helping the 12-inch dance record chart on Billboard and earning him new and younger fans.


title: José Feliciano

text: Feliciano was also an inaugural member of the Independent Music Awards' judging panel to support independent artists.


title: José Feliciano

text: Jose Feliciano was presented the 2000 Grammy Legend Award at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards, as well as performed the theme song ""Behind the Mask"" for the television series "Queen of Swords" also in 2000.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 2000 "Guitarra Mía", a special tribute to Feliciano, was produced by the Banco Popular de Puerto Rico and aired both in Puerto Rico and in the US. This television special (and its soundtrack) featured Feliciano and many Puerto Rican and international stars singing some of his most famous songs, along with his personal favorites from other artists. It was first aired in December 2000, just 2 days after his mother died unexpectedly from a heart attack. The special's final scenes featured her giving her son a standing ovation, recorded for the occasion a month before.


title: José Feliciano

text: On December 6, 2006, Feliciano's Spanish album, "José Feliciano y Amigos", was released by Universal Records, featuring Feliciano in duets with other Latin American stars including Luis Fonsi, Lupillo Rivera, Luciano Pereyra, Rudy Pérez, Cristian Castro, Marc Anthony, Ramón Ayala, Alicia Villarreal, Ricardo Montaner, and Raúl di Blasio. A special edition was later released, featuring Ana Gabriel and Gloria Estefan.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 2007, Feliciano released an album called "Soundtrax of My Life", the first English-language album completely self-penned.


title: José Feliciano

text: On October 16, 2007, Feliciano appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman to perform "Old Turkey Buzzard", the theme song from "Mackenna's Gold". For several months prior, Letterman had been using a clip from the movie and song as a running gag.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 2008, Feliciano, a practicing Roman Catholic, performed at the Papal Mass at Yankee Stadium in New York.


title: José Feliciano

text: On December 15, 2010, Feliciano appeared as the featured guest on the 37th episode of Daryl Hall's Webbie-Award-winning webcast "Live From Daryl's House". Feliciano and Hall took turns on several numbers, including Feliciano's version of "Light My Fire". On November 9, 2011, Feliciano received the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award from the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences.


title: José Feliciano

text: On May 10, 2010, Feliciano performed his rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at Comerica Park in Detroit. This was part of the remembrance of Detroit Tigers radio announcer Ernie Harwell, who had recently died on May 4. Requested to perform it by Harwell, himself, before he died, Jose played it the way he had in 1968 with his acoustic guitar and his slow tempo, Latin jazz style.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 2011, Feliciano signed with manager Howard Perl and MBM Entertainment who immediately brought him to The Agency Group. In January 2012, he was a guest in Memphis for the celebration of Elvis Presley's birthday, where he announced the release (on August 7, 2012) of his new album "The King", a tribute to Elvis produced in collaboration with Elvis' best friend, radio personality George Klein and released by Johnny Phillips' Select-O-Hits label. On September 19, 2012, in honor of Hispanic Heritage Month, he was invited to sing "God Bless America" for the seventh-inning stretch of the New York Yankees game at Yankee Stadium. Additionally, less than a month later, on October 14, 2012, Feliciano returned to baseball's post-season, and on national television, once again rendered his stylized version of the "Star-Spangled Banner" in San Francisco before the first game of the National League's Championship Series against the St. Louis Cardinals. Soon Feliciano appeared on a song with reggaeton artist Farruko called "Su hija me gusta", where a young man tells a father "I like your daughter". He also began recording sessions with Producers Howard Perl, Jon Guggenheim, Juan Cristobal Losada, Wyclef Jean, Plácido Domingo, Billy Ray Cyrus, and Frank Licari.


title: José Feliciano

text: In November 2017, Feliciano released a jazz and R&B album with UK musician Jools Holland and sold out a 33-date tour throughout the UK and Ireland. The album became a hit and reached number 24 in the UK charts, the first time for an LP by Feliciano after his 1970 LP "Fireworks".


title: José Feliciano

text: The year 2018 marked the 50th anniversary of Feliciano's entry onto the international music scene with his RCA recording of "Feliciano!", which featured "Light My Fire". Feliciano's golden anniversary year was highlighted in May with his return to his homeland of Puerto Rico. The event was held at the Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center, Centro de Bellas Artes, and was called "Jose Feliciano: Transcendental 50th Aniversario de Oro y su Legado". To a full house, Feliciano and his homeland public shared his 50 years of musical celebrity in the two-hour spectacle.


title: José Feliciano

text: On Flag Day, June 14, 2018, Feliciano was the keynote address speaker for the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. where 19 new citizens pledged their allegiance to the United States. The event was held in Flag Hall, where the actual banner that flew over Fort McHenry in 1814, inspiring Francis Scott Key to write the poem which would become "The Star-Spangled Banner" is exhibited. At this same event a donation ceremony was held where Feliciano presented to the Smithsonian Museum his Candelas guitar with which he first rendered "The Star-Spangled Banner", causing a national furor in 1968, along with other personal objects for the Smithsonian's permanent collection.


title: José Feliciano

text: On September 8, 2018, Feliciano was invited by the Detroit Tigers baseball team to return to their field and perform the "Star-Spangled Banner" again as he had in 1968. The Tigers were facing the St. Louis Cardinals again and they wanted Feliciano to recapture the moment reminiscent of their own 50th anniversary of winning the World Series. This time around, the performance was met not with undertones of the hatred and hostility of 1968 but rather, with the uproarious cheers of an enthusiastically grateful crowd. 50 years later, Jose "Feliciano was finally at peace with his being the first artist to stylize the National Anthem publicly."


title: José Feliciano

text: Feliciano's golden anniversary year culminated with a Christmas performance at the Vatican to perform in their annual Christmas celebration, "Concerto di Natale, 2018". During their time in Rome, Feliciano and his son, Jonnie, were invited to attend a private audience with Pope Francis.


title: José Feliciano

text: In January 2019, Feliciano was invited to appear on "The Tonight Show" with Jimmy Fallon where they took their show on the road to Puerto Rico with composer, actor and producer Lin-Manuel Miranda to show the world that "The spirit and soul of Puerto Rico and her people are alive and well and that the Island, ravaged by Hurricane Maria in 2017, is indeed, ‘Open for Business.’ " Jose was joined onstage with Puerto Rico's hottest reggaton and Latin trap singer, Ozuna, where together they performed their Island's sentimental anthem, "En Mi Viejo San Juan". A studio version of the song was subsequently recorded for Anthem Records and released on June 7, 2019 on all of the major digital platforms around the world. 20% of its proceeds are going to Miranda's Flamboyan Arts Fund, which supports all facets of the arts including music, theater, visual arts, dance, literature and arts education programs for youth and thus ensuring that arts and culture continue to flourish during the reconstruction of Puerto Rico.


title: José Feliciano

text: On the same weekend in New York City, Feliciano was honored during the 62nd Puerto Rican Day Parade, Inc. with a Lifetime Achievement Award, honoring him for his contributions to the world of music, while celebrating his roots and love for his island home.


title: José Feliciano

text: During May and June 2019, Feliciano was recording an album for Anthem Records in both Nashville and Connecticut with his long-time producer, Rick Jarrard. The album is called "Behind This Guitar" and was released on January 31, 2020.


title: José Feliciano

text: José Feliciano has been married twice. He and his first wife, Janna (née Hilda Pérez, 1945–2018), divorced in 1978.


title: José Feliciano

text: In 1971 Ernie Harwell had introduced Feliciano to Susan Omillian (b. circa 1954) a young Detroit art student. Harwell and Omillian originally met during Feliciano's controversial rendition of the National Anthem in 1968.


title: José Feliciano

text: Feliciano and Omillian dated 11 years before marrying in 1982. The couple have two sons, one daughter and reside in Weston, Connecticut.


title: José Feliciano

text: In December 2009 a parody of ""Feliz Navidad"" entitled "The Illegal Alien Christmas Song" was created by radio producers Matt Fox and A. J. Rice and posted on the website for "Human Events", an American conservative political website. The parody, sung in English, played on the stereotype of Mexican immigrants as heavy drinkers and that illegal immigrants were going to "spread bubonic plague".


title: José Feliciano

text: This song has always been a bridge to the cultures that are so dear to me, never as a vehicle for a political platform of racism and hate. It's disgusting and my only wish that my song and I are distanced from the whole affair as soon as possible.


title: José Feliciano

text: In a statement to the Associated Press the same day, Jed Babbin, "Human Events" site editor, apologized for "any offense that Mr. Feliciano may have taken from this parody" and removed it from the site.


title: Battleship (game)

text: Battleship (also known as Battleships or Sea Battle) is a strategy type guessing game for two players. It is played on ruled grids (paper or board) on which each player's fleet of warships are marked. The locations of the fleets are concealed from the other player. Players alternate turns calling "shots" at the other player's ships, and the objective of the game is to destroy the opposing player's fleet.


title: Battleship (game)

text: "Battleship" is known worldwide as a pencil and paper game which dates from World War I. It was published by various companies as a pad-and-pencil game in the 1930s and was released as a plastic board game by Milton Bradley in 1967. The game has spawned electronic versions, video games, smart device apps and a film.


title: Battleship (game)

text: The game of "Battleship" is thought to have its origins in the French game "L'Attaque" played during World War I, although parallels have also been drawn to E. I. Horsman's 1890 game Basilinda, and the game is said to have been played by Russian officers before World War I. The first commercial version of the game was "Salvo", published in 1931 in the United States by the Starex company. Other versions of the game were printed in the 1930s and 1940s, including the Strathmore Company's "Combat: The Battleship Game", Milton Bradley's "Broadsides: A Game of Naval Strategy" and Maurice L. Freedman's "Warfare Naval Combat". Strategy Games Co. produced a version called "Wings" which pictured planes flying over the Los Angeles Coliseum. All of these early editions of the game consisted of pre-printed pads of paper.


title: Battleship (game)

text: In 1967 Milton Bradley introduced a version of the game that used plastic boards and pegs. Conceived by Ed Hutchins, play was on pegboards using miniature plastic ships. In 1977, Milton Bradley also released a computerized "Electronic Battleship", a pioneering microprocessor-based toy, capable of generating various sounds. "Electronic Battleship" was designed by Dennis Wyman and Bing McCoy. It was followed in 1989 by "Electronic Talking Battleship". In 2008, an updated version of "Battleship" was released, using hexagonal tiles. In the updated version, each player's board contains several islands on which "captured man" figurines can be placed. Ships may be placed only around the islands, and only in the player's half of the board. When the movie "Battleship" was released, the board game reverted to the original 1967 style. The 2008 updated version is still available as "Battleship Islands".


title: Battleship (game)

text: "Battleship" was one of the earliest games to be produced as a computer game, with a version being released for the Z80 Compucolor in 1979. Many computer editions of the game have been produced since. In "Clubhouse Games" for the Nintendo DS, "Battleship" is known as "Grid Attack". It is played on a 7×7 grid, and includes slight variations, such as four-player gameplay, and various ship sizes and shapes. Versions of "Battleship" appear as applications on numerous social networking services.


title: Battleship (game)

text: "Battleship" was also part of "Hasbro Family Game Night" for the PlayStation 2 and Wii, as well as the Xbox 360 (Xbox Live Arcade). These alter the rules, including the size of the grid (8×12 in the NES version, 8×8 in the Game Boy version), size of ships (it is common to feature a submarine that takes up a single square) and special shot missiles for each ship. For example, in the NES version, the cruiser has a five-shot missile which strikes five squares in an X pattern on the grid in one turn. Submarine-tracking sonar and aerial reconnaissance to spot ships are also features.


title: Battleship (game)

text: A minigame version of "Battleship" was used in the third season of The Hub's "Family Game Night", which uses a 5×5 grid and the first team to sink three ships wins the game.


title: Battleship (game)

text: In 2012, the military science fiction action movie "Battleship" was released, which was inspired by the Milton Bradley board game. A version of "Battleship" based on the movie was released in which one side had alien ship playing pieces.


title: Battleship (game)

text: In 1973 a spin-off version was released under the name Sub Search. Employing a three-dimensional play area, battleships drop depth charges on submarines hidden on a multi-level board.


title: Battleship (game)

text: In one episode of the Amazon Prime Video show "The Grand Tour", presenters Richard Hammond and James May played a game of "Battleship" with two cranes (colored red and green) and 20 REVAi vehicles as missiles. The ships ranged from cars to campervans.


title: Battleship (game)

text: The game is played on four grids, two for each player. The grids are typically square – usually 10×10 – and the individual squares in the grid are identified by letter and number. On one grid the player arranges ships and records the shots by the opponent. On the other grid, the player records their own shots.


title: Battleship (game)

text: Before play begins, each player secretly arranges their ships on their primary grid. Each ship occupies a number of consecutive squares on the grid, arranged either horizontally or vertically. The number of squares for each ship is determined by the type of ship. The ships cannot overlap (i.e., only one ship can occupy any given square in the grid). The types and numbers of ships allowed are the same for each player. These may vary depending on the rules. The ships should be hidden from players sight and it's not allowed to see each other's pieces. The game is a discovery game which players need to discover their opponents ship positions.


title: Battleship (game)

text: In 2002, Hasbro renamed the Cruiser to "Destroyer", taking three squares, and introduced a new two-square ship called the "Patrol Boat".


title: Battleship (game)

text: After the ships have been positioned, the game proceeds in a series of rounds. In each round, each player takes a turn to announce a target square in the opponent's grid which is to be shot at. The opponent announces whether or not the square is occupied by a ship. If it is a "hit", the player who is hit marks this on their own or "ocean" grid (with a red peg in the pegboard version). The attacking player marks the hit or miss on their own "tracking" or "target" grid with a pencil marking in the paper version of the game, or the appropriate color peg in the pegboard version (red for "hit", white for "miss"), in order to build up a picture of the opponent's fleet.


title: Battleship (game)

text: When all of the squares of a ship have been hit, the ship's owner announces the sinking of the Carrier, Submarine, Cruiser/Destroyer/Patrol Boat, or the titular Battleship. If all of a player's ships have been sunk, the game is over and their opponent wins. If all ships of both players are sunk by the end of the round, the game is a draw.


title: Battleship (game)

text: In the 1931 "Salvo" edition of the game, players target a specified number of squares at one time, and all of the squares are attacked simultaneously. A player may initially target five (one for each unsunk ship) squares per turn, and the amount of shots decreases when one of the player's ships are lost. In other variants of this mechanic, the number of shots allowed to fire each turn may either be fixed at five for the whole game, be equal to the number of unsunk ships belonging to the player, or be equal to the size of the player's largest undamaged ship. The opponent may either call the result of each shot in turn or simply announce the hits or misses. E.g.: "two hits and three misses", leaving their opponent to work out the consequences of the salvo. In the modern Milton Bradley rules for "Battleship", "Salvo" is listed as a variation "for more experienced players", with the number of shots being equal to the number of ships that the firing player has remaining.


title: Battleship (game)

text: One variant of "Battleship" allows players to decline to announce that a ship has been sunk, requiring their opponent to take further shots in order to confirm that an area is clear. Another variant of the rule allows a player to move one of their ships to a new, uncalled location every fourth or fifth move.


title: Battleship (game)

text: A variant popular in the United Kingdom is for each player to also have five mines. These occupy one square each and are placed on the board in the same manner as the ships. When a player's guess hits a mine on an opponent's board it destroys anything in that square and the 8 immediately surrounding squares on the board of the player making the guess.


title: Spectroscopy

text: Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation. Matter waves and acoustic waves can also be considered forms of radiative energy, and recently gravitational waves have been associated with a spectral signature in the context of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)


title: Spectroscopy

text: In simpler terms, spectroscopy is the precise study of color as generalized from visible light to all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Historically, spectroscopy originated as the study of the wavelength dependence of the absorption by gas phase matter of visible light dispersed by a prism.


title: Spectroscopy

text: Spectroscopy, primarily in the electromagnetic spectrum, is a fundamental exploratory tool in the fields of astronomy, chemistry, materials science, and physics, allowing the composition, physical structure and electronic structure of matter to be investigated at the atomic, molecular and macro scale, and over astronomical distances. Important applications include biomedical spectroscopy in the areas of tissue analysis and medical imaging.


title: Spectroscopy

text: Spectroscopy is a branch of science concerned with the spectra of electromagnetic radiation as a function of its wavelength or frequency measured by spectrographic equipment, and other techniques, in order to obtain information concerning the structure and properties of matter. Spectral measurement devices are referred to as spectrometers, spectrophotometers, spectrographs or spectral analyzers. Most spectroscopic analysis in the laboratory starts with a sample to be analyzed, then a light source is chosen from any desired range of the light spectrum, then the light goes through the sample to a dispersion array (diffraction grating instrument) and is captured by a photodiode. For astronomical purposes, the telescope must be equipped with the light dispersion device. There are various versions of this basic setup that may be employed.


title: Spectroscopy

text: Spectroscopy as a science began with Isaac Newton splitting light with a prism and was called optics. Therefore, it was originally the study of visible light which we call color that later under the studies of James Clerk Maxwell came to include the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Although color is involved in spectroscopy, it is not equated with the color of elements or objects which involve the absorption and reflection of certain electromagnetic waves to give objects a sense of color to our eyes. Rather spectroscopy involves the splitting of light by a prism, diffraction grating, or similar instrument, to give off a particular discrete line pattern called a “spectrum” unique to each different type of element. Most elements are first put into a gaseous phase to allow the spectra to be examined although today other methods can be used on different phases. Each element that is diffracted by a prism-like instrument displays either an absorption spectrum or an emission spectrum depending upon whether the element is being cooled or heated.


title: Spectroscopy

text: Until recently all spectroscopy involved the study of line spectra and most spectroscopy still does. Vibrational spectroscopy is the branch of spectroscopy that studies the spectra. However, the latest developments in spectroscopy can sometimes dispense with the dispersion technique. In biochemical spectroscopy, information can be gathered about biological tissue by absorption and light scattering techniques. Light scattering spectroscopy is a type of reflectance spectroscopy that determines tissue structures by examining elastic scattering. In such a case, it is the tissue that acts as a diffraction or dispersion mechanism.


title: Spectroscopy

text: Spectroscopic studies were central to the development of quantum mechanics, because the first useful atomic models described the spectra of Hydrogen which models include the Bohr model, the Schrödinger equation, and Matrix mechanics which all can produce the spectral lines of Hydrogen, therefore, providing the basis for discrete quantum jumps to match the discrete hydrogen spectrum. Also, Max Planck's explanation of blackbody radiation involved spectroscopy because he was comparing the wavelength of light using a photometer to the temperature of a Black Body. Spectroscopy is used in physical and analytical chemistry because atoms and molecules have unique spectra. As a result, these spectra can be used to detect, identify and quantify information about the atoms and molecules. Spectroscopy is also used in astronomy and remote sensing on Earth. Most research telescopes have spectrographs. The measured spectra are used to determine the chemical composition and physical properties of astronomical objects (such as their temperature, density of elements in a star, velocity, black holes and more). An important use for spectroscopy is in biochemistry. Molecular samples may be analyzed for species identification and energy content.