title: The Animatrix

text: Initially, the two duel as allies, testing one another's fighting abilities. During the course of their duel, Duo briefly disarms Cis. He questions her concentration and wonders whether she regrets taking the Red Pill that took them out of the "peaceful life of the virtual world". They continue fighting until she finally overpowers Duo. It is at this point that Duo states that he has something to say and that he has blocked the signal so that the operator does not listen. She assumes that he wants to propose marriage, but instead he desires to return to the Matrix and wants Cis to come with him. When Cis believes he is teasing, Duo says he's serious and states that he has contacted the machines and it is the only way to find peace before it is too late. He urges Cis to return with him, but she refuses. Duo becomes more aggressive in his arguments, saying that he does not care about the truth anymore and how they live their lives is important because what is real does not matter. As Cis becomes incredulous, their battle becomes more serious and forceful and they both end up on a rooftop.


title: The Animatrix

text: When Duo reiterates that the machines are on their way, Cis believes he has betrayed the humans and she tries to escape and requests an operator to exit the simulation, but Duo reminds her that no one can hear her. When he offers her to come with him again, she refuses again and Duo, in a flying leap, tries to attack her. As the blade comes towards her, Cis, standing her ground, concentrates and catches the sword and breaks it. She takes the broken end of the blade and kills Duo. Duo states his love for her as he dies. Suddenly, she wakes from the program and discovers that the encounter with Duo was a test program devised for training purposes. A man named Kaiser (John DiMaggio) assures her that she acted appropriately during the test and met the test's targets. Clearly upset that Duo wasn't real, she punches him in the face and walks away. He remarks that "except from that last part, I'd say she passed."


title: The Animatrix

text: The beginning of this short includes a brief narration from the Instructor (implying that this segment is a Zion Archive file) explaining details behind the discovery of the Matrix by "plugged-in" humans. Only exceptional humans tend to become aware of the Matrix, those who have "a rare degree of intuition, sensitivity, and a questioning nature", all qualities which are used to identify inconsistencies in the Matrix. This is not without exceptions, given that "some attain this wisdom through wholly different means."


title: The Animatrix

text: The story is about Dan Davis, a track athlete, who is competing in the 100 m in the Summer Olympic Games. He has set a world record time of 8.99 seconds, but his subsequent gold medal was revoked due to drug use. He decides to compete again and break his own record to "prove them wrong." Despite support from his father and a young reporter, Dan's trainer tells him that he is physically unfit to race and that pushing himself too hard will cause a career-ending injury. Dan is adamant on racing.


title: The Animatrix

text: On the day of the race, he is monitored by four Agents in the stadium. The race begins and Dan starts off strong. However, the muscles in his leg violently rupture, putting him at a setback and scaring many of the people in the stands. Through strong willpower, Dan ignores the injury and runs much faster than he did before, easily passing the other athletes. Before he can cross the finish line, the Agents detect that his "signal" is getting unstable in the Matrix due to his massive burst of energy. Three of the agents possess the three closest runners and try to stop him, but are unable to catch up to him.


title: The Animatrix

text: The burst of energy causes Dan to be unplugged from the Matrix and wake up in his power-station pod, where he sees the real world through his pod. A Sentinel employs electrical restraints to secure him back in his pod. Dan's mind is thrown back into the Matrix, where his body is instantly exhausted from the race and Dan tumbles to the ground at high speed. Despite this, he easily wins the race and breaks his original time of 8.99 seconds with a time of 8.72 seconds. The next scene shows a crippled Dan being wheeled through a hospital. A nearby Agent calls his other agents to tell them that they erased Dan's memory of the race and that he will never walk again, nor be an issue for them. However, Dan whispers the word "Free", angering the agent. Dan then stands, breaking the metal screws that bind his restraints to his wheelchair, and takes a few steps before falling down and being helped up by a nurse.


title: The Animatrix

text: "Kid's Story" is the only one of the animated shorts contained in "The Animatrix" in which Neo (Keanu Reeves) appears. The story takes place during the six-month gap between "The Matrix" and "The Matrix Reloaded", where Neo has joined the crew of the "Nebuchadnezzar" and is helping the rebels free other humans from the Matrix. Kid (Clayton Watson), who was formerly known as Michael Karl Popper, is a disaffected teenager who feels there is something wrong with the world. One night, the Kid goes on his computer and onto a hacker chat room on the Internet, asking why it feels more real when he's dreaming than when he's awake. He gets a response from an unknown person (presumably Neo) and then he asks who it is and if he is alone.


title: The Animatrix

text: The next day, he is at school, where he absent-mindedly scribbles Neo and Trinity's name and writes "get me out of here" in his notebook. He receives a call from Neo on his cell phone, who warns him that a group of Agents is coming for him and he gets chased throughout the high school, before ultimately getting cornered on the roof. He asserts his faith in Neo and throws himself off the roof. At the Kid's funeral, among the people is his teacher, who converses with another school staff member and says that the world they live in is not real and the real world is somewhere else. He also says that reality can be scary and the world must have been a harmful place for the Kid and he is now in a better world.


title: The Animatrix

text: The next scene fades out as the Kid awakens in the real world to see Neo and Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss) watching over him. They remark that he has achieved "self substantiation" (removing oneself from the Matrix without external aid), which was considered impossible. In both the scene and "The Matrix Reloaded", the Kid believes that it was Neo who saved him, but Neo says that he saved himself. The last scene shows the Kid's last question on the hacker chat room being answered with "You are not alone."


title: The Animatrix

text: "Beyond" follows a teenage girl, Yoko (Hedy Burress), looking for her cat Yuki. While asking around the neighborhood, which is somewhere in Mega City that resembles Japan, she meets a group of young boys. One of them tells her that Yuki is inside a nearby haunted house where they usually play.


title: The Animatrix

text: The haunted house is an old run-down building filled with an amalgamation of anomalies, which are revealed to be glitches in the Matrix, that the children have stumbled across. They have learned to exploit them for their own enjoyment, through several areas which seem to defy real-world physics. The boys play with glass bottles that reassemble after being shattered and they go into a large open space in the middle of the building that has a zero gravity effect. Meanwhile, as Yoko searches for Yuki throughout the building, she encounters some anomalies on her own. She goes through an area where broken lightbulbs flicker briefly (during which they seem intact), walks into a room where rain is falling from a sunny sky and goes down a hallway where a gust of wind appears and disappears. She finally finds Yuki outside on a concrete pavement where she sees shadows that do not align with their physical origins. Yoko then joins the boys in the open space, where she sees a dove feather rotating rapidly in mid-air and experiences the zero gravity as she falls to the ground slowly and safely. She and the boys start using the zero gravity force to float, jump high and do athletic stunts all in mid-air and can also land and fall without hitting the ground hard. Despite the inherent strangeness of the place, the group is not bothered as they enjoy themselves and the mysterious anomaly that proves to be amusing.


title: The Animatrix

text: Throughout the film, brief sequences show that Agents are aware of the problem in the Matrix, and a truck is seen driving toward the site to presumably deal with the problem. It arrives just as the children are having trouble with a large group of rats and an Agent-led team of rodent exterminators emerges from the truck. In the building, when Yoko finds a missing Yuki again, she sees one last anomaly where she opens a door that leads into an endless dark void before being found by the exterminators. The team clears everybody out of the building. The story ends when Yoko returns to the area the next day and finds the site turned into an unremarkable parking lot. She sees the boys unsuccessfully attempting to recreate the bizarre occurrences of the day before and going in search of something else to do.


title: The Animatrix

text: Set in a dystopian future, the story follows a private detective, Ash (James Arnold Taylor), who dreamed of following the steps of hard-boiled characters Sam Spade and Philip Marlowe but is a down-on-his-luck detective. One day, he receives an anonymous phone call to search for a hacker going by the alias "Trinity" (Carrie-Anne Moss). Ash starts looking for Trinity and learns that other detectives have failed in the same task before him; one committed suicide, one went missing, and one went insane.


title: The Animatrix

text: Eventually, Ash finds Trinity after deducing that he should communicate using phrases and facts from Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". She proposes a meeting and he finds her on a passenger train. When he meets her, she removes a "bug" from his eye, planted by Agents earlier in an "eye exam," which Ash previously thought was a dream. Three Agents appear and attempt to apprehend Trinity in a shoot-out with her and Ash. While the two are trying to escape, an Agent attempts to take over Ash's body, forcing Trinity to shoot him to prevent the Agent from appearing. Ash is wounded, whereupon he and Trinity amicably bid farewell. Trinity tells Ash that she thinks he could have handled the truth as she jumps out of a window and escapes. The Agents enter the car to find Ash, who points his gun at them while looking in the other direction and lighting a cigarette. The Agents turn to Ash who, even though he is armed, will likely die. With this apparent no-win situation, the film ends with Ash's line, "A case to end all cases," as his lighter flame goes out.


title: The Animatrix

text: The film deals with a group of above-ground human rebels who lure hostile machines to their laboratory to capture them and insert them into a "matrix" of their own design. Within this matrix, the humans attempt to teach the captured machines some of the positive traits of humanity, primarily compassion and empathy. The rebels' hope is that, once converted of its own volition (a key point discussed in the film), an "enlightened" machine will assist Zion in its struggle against the machine-controlled totalitarianism which currently dominates the Earth.


title: The Animatrix

text: The film starts with a human woman Alexa (Melinda Clarke) looking out over the sea, watching for incoming machines, where she sees two "runners," one of the most intelligent robots, approaching. She leads them into the laboratory, where one runner gets killed by a reprogramed robot, but the second runner kills the robot before Alexa electrocutes it. The rebels insert the runner into their matrix. The robot experiences moments of mystery, horror, wonder and excitement, leading it to believe it may have an emotional bond with Alexa.


title: The Animatrix

text: However, the laboratory is attacked by Sentinel reinforcements. The rebels unplug themselves to defend their headquarters, along with the help of other captured machines (indicated by the machine's mechanical eyes changing from red to green). Alexa unplugs the runner that has now turned good, where it saves her from a machine. The rebels and the attacking machines are all killed or destroyed, except for the runner. The robot plugs the dying Alexa and itself into the rebels' matrix. When Alexa realizes that she is trapped inside of the matrix with the runner, she is horrified and her avatar screams and dissolves as the runner exits from the rebels' matrix to see a dead Alexa in front of him in the real world.


title: The Animatrix

text: The film ends with the "converted" runner standing outside, looking out over the sea, in a replica of the opening shot with Alexa.


title: The Animatrix

text: Captain Thadeus (Kevin Michael Richardson) and Jue (Pamela Adlon) engage in a blindfolded sword fight in a virtual reality dojo. With each slice of their swords, they remove another part of each other's clothing. Immediately after cutting the other down to their underwear, they lift their blindfolds to peek at the other. As the two are about to kiss, they are interrupted by an alarm and the simulation ends.


title: The Animatrix

text: In the next scene, the hovercraft "Osiris" heads for Junction 21 when operator Robbie (Tom Kenny) discovers an army of Sentinels on his HR scans. The ship flees into an uncharted tunnel, where it encounters a small group of Sentinels patrolling the area. The crew members man the onboard guns and destroy the patrol. The ship emerges on the surface, four kilometers directly above Zion and close to the Sentinel army. Thadeus and Jue see that the Machines are using gigantic drills to tunnel their way down to Zion. The Sentinel army detects the "Osiris" and pursues the ship.


title: The Animatrix

text: Thadeus says that Zion must be warned, and Jue volunteers to broadcast herself into the Matrix to deliver the warning while the ship is doggedly pursued. Knowing that they are not going to make it, Thadeus and Jue admit to each other about peeking in the simulation before kissing farewell. Entering the Matrix, Jue eventually reaches a mail box where she drops off a package; this sets the prologue for the video game "Enter the Matrix". She attempts to contact Thadeus via cell phone as the "Osiris" is overrun by Sentinels and crashes. The Sentinels tear their way into the ship, where Thadeus makes a last stand against the Sentinels. Shortly after Jue says "Thadeus" over her cell phone, the "Osiris" explodes, destroying many of the Sentinels and killing the crew. In the Matrix, Jue falls dead to the ground, due to her body being destroyed on the ship.


title: The Animatrix

text: Development of the "Animatrix" project began when the film series' writers and directors, The Wachowskis, were in Japan promoting the first "Matrix" film. While in the country, they visited some of the creators of the anime films that had been a strong influence on their work, and decided to collaborate with them.


title: The Animatrix

text: "The Animatrix" was conceived and overseen by the Wachowskis, but they only wrote four of the segments themselves and did not direct any of their animation; most of the project's technical side was overseen by notable figures from the world of Japanese animation.


title: The Animatrix

text: The English language version of "The Animatrix" was directed by Jack Fletcher, who brought on board the project the voice actors who provided the voices for the English version of Square's "Final Fantasy X", including Matt McKenzie, James Arnold Taylor, John DiMaggio, Tara Strong, Hedy Burress, and Dwight Schultz. The English version also features the voices of Victor Williams, Melinda Clarke, Olivia d'Abo, Pamela Adlon, and Kevin Michael Richardson.


title: The Animatrix

text: The characters Neo, Trinity, and Kid also appear, with their voices provided by their original actors, Keanu Reeves, Carrie-Anne Moss, and Clayton Watson.


title: The Animatrix

text: The soundtrack was composed by Don Davis. Several electronic music artists are featured, including Juno Reactor and Adam Freeland.


title: The Animatrix

text: Four of the films were originally released on the series' official website; one ("Final Flight of the Osiris") was shown in cinemas with the film "Dreamcatcher". The others first appeared with the VHS and DVD release of all nine shorts on June 3, 2003. The DVD also includes the following special features:


title: The Animatrix

text: Shortly after the home video release, the film was exhibited on June 14, 2003, in New York City at the New York-Tokyo Film Festival


title: The Animatrix

text: It was broadcast on Adult Swim on April 17, 2004 (to promote the DVD release of "") and again on its Toonami programming block on December 19, 2021 (to promote "") (albeit with edits done to remove nudity and gory violence in "The Second Renaissance", parts I and II), and has received airplay on Teletoon several months after its American broadcast. In the UK, "Final Flight of the Osiris" was broadcast on Channel 5 just before the DVD release, along with "The Second Renaissance Parts 1 and 2", "Kid's Story" and "World Record" broadcast after the DVD release.


title: The Animatrix

text: "The Animatrix" was also screened in select cinemas around the world for a short period of time, a week or two before the sequel "The Matrix Reloaded", as a promotional event.


title: The Animatrix

text: One day before the release of "The Matrix Reloaded" on cinemas, the Brazilian television channel SBT aired "Final Flight of the Osiris" after airing "The Matrix" to promote the film. The same thing happened with French television channel France 2.


title: The Animatrix

text: The cinema release order for "The Animatrix" (at least in Australia), and its sequencing in a subsequent release on HBO Max, differed from the DVD release, placing the "Final Flight of the Osiris" last instead of first. The cinema release-order:


title: The Animatrix

text: To coincide with the Blu-ray edition of "The Ultimate Matrix Collection", "The Animatrix" was also presented for the first time in high definition. The film was released along with the trilogy on October 14, 2008.


title: The Animatrix

text: The Animatrix will see a one night only screening in 35mm at New York City's Japan Society on May 27, 2022.


title: The Animatrix

text: "The Animatrix" received mostly positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 89%, based on reviews from 18 critics. Helen McCarthy in "500 Essential Anime Movies" stated that "unlike many heavily promoted franchise movies, it justifies its hype". She praised Maeda's "Second Renaissance", noting that it "foreshadows the dazzling visual inventiveness of his later """.


title: Eliteserien

text: Eliteserien () is a Norwegian professional league for association football clubs. At the top of the Norwegian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Norwegian First Division.


title: Eliteserien

text: Seasons run from March to November with each team playing 30 matches (playing each other home and away). Most games are played on Sunday evenings.


title: Eliteserien

text: Eliteserien was founded in 1937 as Norgesserien (English: "The League of Norway"), and the first season was the 1937–38 season. The structure and name of Eliteserien, along with Norway's other football leagues, has undergone frequent changes. The top level was renamed "Hovedserien" in 1948, "1. divisjon" (now used by the second level league in Norway) in 1963, then "Tippeligaen" (named for the main sponsor) in 1990. Starting with the 2017 season the league adopted the current "Eliteserien", after NFF decided to totally drop any sponsor's names from the name of the league. The broadcasting rights were in December 2015 secured by Discovery Networks who signed a six-year deal giving them rights to broadcast all the 240 games in Eliteserien from 2017 to 2023. The deal was worth NOK 2.4 billion. The league generates NOK 400 million per year in domestic television rights. The Norwegian top flight has been professional since 1992. In 1995, Tippeligaen was expanded to 14 teams, and in 2009 it was further expanded to 16 teams.


title: Eliteserien

text: Seventeen clubs have won the title since the inception of the league in 1937: Rosenborg (26), Fredrikstad (9), Viking (8), Lillestrøm (5), Molde (5), Vålerenga (5), Brann (3), Larvik Turn (3), Bodø/Glimt (2), Lyn (2), Start (2), Strømsgodset (2), Fram Larvik (1), Freidig (1), Moss (1), Skeid (1) and Stabæk (1). In 2010, Rosenborg became, and still remain, the only club to complete an Eliteserien campaign without losing a single game. The record of most points in a season is 81 by Bodø/Glimt in 2020. Since its establishment as a one-group top flight in 1963, forty-eight clubs have competed in Eliteserien.


title: Eliteserien

text: Before 1937, there was no national league competition in Norway; only regional leagues and the Norwegian Cup. Starting in 1937–38, the various regional leagues in Southern Norway were aligned into eight districts, with a championship playoff between the winners to crown a national champion. This competition was called Norgesserien (English: "The League of Norway"). In the early years, the top flight teams were divided into eleven groups from eight districts. The league champion was decided in either a knockout tournament or a final between the winners of these groups. Fredrikstad was the first champions of the league, winning the 1937–38 season. They won the two-legged final against Lyn 4–0 on aggregate. Fredrikstad defended their title in the 1938–39 season. From the 1937–38 season and until the beginning of World War II, the teams were divided into eight district groups. There were plans at the time to merge the district leagues into a national competition, but because of World War II, this process was delayed until after the war, although also the first post-war season in 1947–48 had eleven district-based groups.


title: Eliteserien

text: In 1948, Hovedserien (English: "The Main League") was created, consisting of the 16 top teams from the district leagues, who were placed into two groups of eight, with the group winners playing a two-legged final for the national championship at the end of the season. This format was in place from the 1948–49 season until 1960–61, when it was decided to merge the two groups into a single top division, and have the season follow the calendar year from 1963 onwards. The 1950s were dominated by Fredrikstad FK and Larvik Turn. Fredrikstad won their latest league title in 1960–61, which secured their ninth title out of sixteen possible. Larvik Turn won Hovedserien three times in four seasons from 1955–56. The 1961–62 season was played during 15 months. The teams from the two groups in the 1960–61 top division were put in one group consisting of 16 teams. The 1961–62 season became a transitional season, where the 16 top-flight teams were placed in a single group, playing a season that went on for 15 months and one half of its teams were relegated. Officially still known as Hovedserien, the 1961–62 season is often referred to as "Maratonserien" (""The Marathon League"") due to its unusual length. The "Maratonserien" was won by Brann.


title: Eliteserien

text: In 1963, a single top division containing ten teams was introduced, and the league was renamed 1. divisjon (English: "1st Division"). The first regular one-league season was played spring-autumn and was won by title defenders Brann in 1963. The league was expanded to 12 teams in 1972. Teams from Northern Norway were not allowed to gain promotion to the top division before 1972, when Mjølner became the first team from Northern Norway to play in the top flight, and until 1979 were subject to stricter promotion rules than teams from the rest of the country. Viking won the league four consecutive seasons beginning in 1972. Lillestrøm won back-to-back titles in 1976 and 1977. In 1979 teams from Northern Norway were given the same promotion rights as the rest of the country. In the beginning of the 1980s, Vålerengen were the dominant team, with their titles from 1981, 1983 and 1984.


title: Eliteserien

text: In 1990, the league was renamed Tippeligaen, when Norsk Tipping became the main sponsor of the league. When fans and media continued referring to the league as 1. divisjon, it was decided to let the second level league of Norwegian football "inherit" the name 1. divisjon in 1991, to help Tippeligaen establish as a brand. Rosenborg of Trondheim won the first year the league bore the name Tippeligaen in 1990. Followed by a win by Viking of Stavanger in 1991. In 1992, Rosenborg started a run of 13 consecutive titles which lasted to the 2004 season. During the first years of Rosenborg's thirteen-year run, they won the league with substantial margins, only partly challenged by Bodø/Glimt, Molde, Lillestrøm and Brann. However, this was steadily narrowing down towards a dramatic finish in 2004, where the Trondheim team tied with Vålerenga of Oslo in game points and on goal difference, but finished ahead on number of goals scored. However, in 2005 the winning streak came to an end as Vålerenga clinched the title, one point ahead of Start of Kristiansand. Rosenborg was never in contention that season and would finish only 7th. In 2006, Rosenborg returned to the top of the league, coming back from 10 points behind Brann at the halfway point to clinch the title with a match to spare. Brann won the league in 2007, and Stabæk won their first-ever title in 2008. Rosenborg then returned for a two-year winning streak in 2009 and 2010. Molde's back-to-back titles in 2011 and 2012 makes it the only other club to win consecutive titles in the current format, and outside Rosenborg, the first team to do so since Vålerenga in 1983 and 1984.


title: Eliteserien

text: In 2016 it was decided to change from the sponsorship name "Tippeligaen" to the non-sponsorship name "Eliteserien", effecting from the 2017 season. Rosenborg won the league four consecutive times from 2015 to 2018, before Molde ended their streak by winning the title in the 2019 season. Lillestrøm were relegated from the 2019 Eliteserien and ended their record spell with 45 consecutive top division seasons. Bodø/Glimt became the first team from Northern Norway to win the league by winning the title in the 2020 season with 81 points, an all-time record.


title: Eliteserien

text: As of the 2022 season there are 16 clubs in the Eliteserien, seven of which are located in Eastern Norway, five are from Western Norway, two north of the Arctic Circle and one each are from Southern Norway and Trøndelag.


title: Eliteserien

text: During the course of a season, each club plays the others twice, home and away, for a total of 30 games for each club, and a total of 240 games in a season. The season starts in March and lasts until early November. Rounds played during the weekends are usually broken up into two games on Saturdays, five games on Sundays and one game on either Fridays or Mondays. For the final two rounds, all games start simultaneously so that no club may gain an unfair advantage by knowing the results of other games in advance of kicking off their own.


title: Eliteserien

text: The 16 May round, which is played the day before Norway's Constitution Day, 17 May, is one of the most anticipated rounds of the season. It is often referred to as the "national day of football" and since it precedes a national holiday, games usually see higher attendance than other rounds.


title: Eliteserien

text: Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, goals scored, and then head-to-head records used to separate teams on equal points. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned "League Winner". The title of "Norwegian Champions" is reserved for the winners of the Norwegian Football Cup. The two lowest placed teams are automatically relegated to the Norwegian First Division and the top two teams from the First Division take their place. The fourteenth placed team in Eliteserien is also in danger of being relegated and must enter play-offs against one team from the First Division to stay in the top flight.


title: Eliteserien

text: Rosenborg (11 times) and Molde (once) are the only Norwegian clubs to participate in the UEFA Champions League group stage. Rosenborg reached the quarterfinal in the 1996–97 season. They were eliminated by runners-up Juventus with 1–3 on aggregate. In the 1968–69 season, Lyn lost the European Cup Winners' Cup quarterfinal against runners-up Barcelona with 4–5 on aggregate. Brann lost the quarterfinal against Liverpool in the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and Vålerenga lost the quarterfinal against Chelsea in the 1998–99 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup with 2–6 on aggregate. Molde reached the round of 16 in UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League in the 2020-21 season.


title: Eliteserien

text: Below is a list of the gold, silver and bronze medalists in the Norwegian top flight since its beginning in 1937–38. (The Norwegian Cup has been played since 1902, and is still officially known as the Norwegian Championship, presented with "The King's Cup".) During 1937–1948 the name of the league was Norgesserien ("The League of Norway"), 1948–1962 Hovedserien ("The Main League"), 1963–1989 1. divisjon ("1st Division"), and from 1990 Tippeligaen (sponsored name) or Eliteserien ("The Elite League", a generic name).


title: Eliteserien

text: From 1937 until 1948, the championship was decided through a playoff between the winners of the various regional leagues in Southern Norway. From 1948 until 1961, the 16-team league was divided into two groups, and decided by a final match between the group winners. Since then it has been a round-robin decided through a league table. Bronze finals were played in 1960 and 1961; before that no bronze medals were awarded. Note that clubs from Northern Norway (including Bodø/Glimt and Tromsø IL), allegedly due to travel distance, were not allowed in the top division until 1972, but a separate Northern Norwegian Cup was played. Furthermore, northern Norwegian teams had stricter promotion rules until 1979. The league did not play during the period 1940–1946 because of the World War II.


title: Eliteserien

text: Clubs in European football are commonly honoured for winning multiple league titles and a representative golden star is sometimes placed above the club badge to indicate the club having won 10 league titles. In Norway the star symbolizes 10 Eliteserien titles. Rosenborg was the first team to introduce a star when they won their 10th title in 1995. No club has introduced a star since 2006, when Rosenborg won their 20th league title to put a second star on their badge. The clubs closest to their first are Fredrikstad with 9 Eliteserien titles and Viking with 8 Eliteserien titles. The following table is ordered after number of stars followed by number of Eliteserien titles.


title: Eliteserien

text: Eliteserien has a number of official partners and suppliers. The official ball supplier for the league is Select who on 27 October 2017 signed the first ever contract to deliver official balls for Eliteserien. The three-year deal began from the start of the 2018 season.


title: Eliteserien

text: All matches are aired live on Discovery's Eurosport, with four matches per week aired live on TVNorge (Norway only) from 2017 until 2023. From 2020, the coverage is also available for all European countries (excluding the Balkans).


title: Eliteserien

text: Since the competition format was changed to a one-group top flight in 1963, Eliteserien football has been played in 56 stadiums. As of the start of the 2020 season, Ullevaal Stadion has hosted the most matches in the top flight with 697. Since the opening of Vålerenga's new stadium Intility Arena in August 2017, no clubs in Eliteserien use Ullevaal Stadion as their home ground. Two stadiums that have seen Eliteserien football (1963–) have now been demolished.


title: Eliteserien

text: The stadiums for the 2022 season show a large disparity in capacity: Lerkendal Stadion, the home of Rosenborg, has a capacity of 21,421 with Levermyr Stadion, the home of Jerv, having a capacity of 3,300. The combined total capacity of Eliteserien in the 2020 season is 170,677 with an average capacity of 10,667.


title: Eliteserien

text: The Eliteserien's record average attendance was set during the 2007 season. This record attendance recorded an average attendance of 10,521 with a total attendance of just under 2 million. The 2 million mark was crossed after the 2009 league extension to sixteen teams. 2,151,219 was the total attendance in 2009, which is the record total attendance.


title: Eliteserien

text: Managers or head coaches in the Eliteserien are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the structure of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans. Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences. The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Eliteserien on a permanent basis.


title: Eliteserien

text: In the 2019 season, only one manager or head coach was sacked. On 2 December 2019, Jörgen Lennartsson of Lillestrøm was sacked after the final round of the season after the team finished in 14th place. He was replaced by Tom Nordlie ahead of the relegation play-offs. Bjørn Petter Ingebretsen of Strømsgodset resigned on 15 May due to health problems and Henning Berg of Stabæk was signed by Cypriot club AC Omonia on 6 June. In the 2020 season, only one manager or head coach has left his position; Eirik Horneland left Rosenborg on a mutual consent on 26 June 2020.


title: Eliteserien

text: In the UEFA coefficient, UEFA's rankings of European leagues based on their performances in European competitions over a five-year period, the league ranked 27th at the end of the 2012–2013 European season, its lowest ranking since 1993. The league's highest ranking, tenth place, came in 1998. The winners of the previous calendar year's Eliteserien enter the second qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League, while the cup winners enter the second qualifying round of the Europa Conference League. The second and third placed teams also enters the second qualifying round of the Europa Conference League. In the 2013–2014 season, Norway also had an additional place in the first qualifying round of the Europa League due to its fair play ranking.


title: Eliteserien

text: UEFA association coefficients as of the end of the 2021–22 season, for league participation in the 2023–24 European football season (Previous year rank in italics):


title: Eliteserien

text: From 1963 to 1971, the league consisted of ten teams (90 matches a year). Between 1972 and 1994, the league consisted of 12 teams (132 matches a year). The number was raised to 14 teams (182 matches a year) in 1995 and to 16 teams (240 matches a year) in 2009. Attendances reached peaks in 1963, 1968, 1977 and 2007, and were at their lowest in 1986.


title: Eliteserien

text: The record for highest average home attendance for a club was set by Rosenborg in 2007 (19,903 over 13 home matches). 12 October 1985 saw the record for highest attendance at a match, with 28,569 in the game between Rosenborg and Lillestrøm at Lerkendal Stadion. The highest ever average attendance for Eliteserien as a whole was set in 2007 with 10,521.


title: Eliteserien

text: The winners of Eliteserien win two trophies. One small trophy in silver which they keep and one bigger trophy which are held only by reigning champions. The big trophy was introduced in 2012 and all winners from 2012 and onwards will get its club's name engraved on it. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.


title: Andrea Corr

text: Andrea Jane Corr MBE (born 17 May 1974) is an Irish singer, songwriter, musician and actress. Corr debuted in 1990 as the lead singer of the Celtic folk rock and pop rock group The Corrs along with her three elder siblings Caroline, Sharon and Jim. Aside from singing lead vocals, Corr plays the tin whistle, the mandolin, the ukulele and the piano.


title: Andrea Corr

text: With the others, Corr has released seven studio albums, two compilation albums, one remix album and two live albums. Corr has also pursued a solo career, releasing her debut album, "Ten Feet High", in 2007. The album moved away from the sound of the Corrs and features a dance-pop sound. Her next album, released on 30 May 2011, was entirely made up of covers of songs that were important to her when younger.


title: Andrea Corr

text: Corr is involved in charitable activities. She has played charity concerts to raise money for the Pavarotti & Friends Liberian Children's Village, Freeman Hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the victims of the Omagh bombing in Northern Ireland and The Prince's Trust in 2004. She is an ambassador for the Nelson Mandela's "46664" campaign, raising awareness towards AIDS in Africa. During the Edinburgh Live 8 on 2 July 2005 The Corrs performed "When the Stars Go Blue" alongside Bono to promote the Make Poverty History campaign. Along with her siblings, she was appointed an honorary M.B.E. in 2005 by Queen Elizabeth II for her contribution to music and charity.


title: Andrea Corr

text: Andrea Corr was born to Gerry Corr, a manager of the payroll department of the Irish Electricity Supply Board (the E.S.B.), and his wife, Jean, a housewife. She is the youngest of the five Corr children. Older brother Gerard was killed when he was only three years old in a road accident before she and her sister Caroline were born. Andrea discussed the devastating death with Ryan Tubridy on "The Late Late Show" aired by RTÉ Entertainment


title: Andrea Corr

text: The family was raised in Dundalk, Ireland. Gerry and Jean had their own band, Sound Affair, which played songs by ABBA and The Eagles in local pubs in Dundalk where they would often bring along their children.


title: Andrea Corr

text: With the encouragement of her parents, Andrea took up the tin whistle and was taught the piano by her father. Throughout their teenage years, she and her siblings would often practice in Jim's bedroom at a house he had rented. Andrea sang lead vocals, Sharon played the violin and both Caroline and Jim played keyboards. Andrea took part in school plays at her school, Dundalk's Dun Lughaidh Convent.


title: Andrea Corr

text: In 1990, Corr and her siblings formed a quartet called The Corrs. Their career launched in 1991 when they auditioned for the film "The Commitments" in which Andrea gained a speaking role as Sharon Rabbitte. John Hughes noticed the quartet when they auditioned for the movie, and agreed to become their manager. The Corrs signed with Atlantic Records in 1995 and travelled to North America to record their debut album "Forgiven, Not Forgotten". The album featured six instrumental selections among its Celtic-influenced tracks. When released, it was successful in Ireland, Australia, Japan, and Spain. The album reached platinum status in the United Kingdom and Australia, and quadruple platinum in Ireland, which made it one of the most popular debuts by an Irish group.


title: Andrea Corr

text: Following on from the success of their debut album, they released "Talk on Corners" and "In Blue" in 1997 and 2000 respectively. Originally "Talk on Corners" met with lukewarm success, until a remix version was released, when it topped the charts in many countries, and reached platinum status in the United Kingdom and Australia. "In Blue" moved towards mainstream pop, placing heavy emphasis on electronic synthesisers. It was successful, and was No. 1 in its first sales week in the UK, Ireland, Australia, Germany, Switzerland, and Austria and debuted at No. 2 in France and Norway. It climbed to the top position during its second week in Sweden and Spain.


title: Andrea Corr

text: During the production of "In Blue", their mother, Jean, died while waiting for a lung transplant in the Freeman Hospital in Newcastle, UK. She was laid to rest at St. Patrick's cemetery in Dundalk. Bono, Larry Mullen, Brian Kennedy and Paul Brady were among the attendees. "No More Cry", written by Andrea and Caroline Corr for the album, was dedicated to their father hoping to help with his grief.


title: Andrea Corr

text: In 2003, Andrea recorded "Time Enough For Tears", a song written by Bono and Gavin Friday for the film "In America". This track was featured on The Corrs' 2004 album "Borrowed Heaven". "Borrowed Heaven" was dedicated to their late mother, Jean, and their father, Gerry. The band also dedicated their 2005 tribute album "Home" to their deceased mother. The band covered many traditional Irish songs taken from their mother's songbook to commemorate their 15 years as a band.


title: Andrea Corr

text: In an interview with Chris Evans in June 2015, Andrea confirmed that The Corrs were working on a new album and would play the BBC Radio 2 'Live in Hyde Park' festival. Their sixth studio album, "White Light", was released on 27 November 2015, and was accompanied by a world tour.


title: Andrea Corr

text: While her siblings were on hiatus to raise their families, Andrea launched a solo career. She released her first album, "Ten Feet High", on 25 June 2007. It was produced by Nellee Hooper, who has worked with Gwen Stefani and Madonna; Bono was an executive producer. Her first single, "Shame on You" was an up-tempo pop song about men and women going to war and leaving behind partners they may never see again. It received positive reviews from music critics; IndieLondon described the song as a "slick package" that was "polished, well produced and with a message that's difficult to ignore". "Losing Today"'s David Adair gave the song a strong review, writing that Corr's vocals were "crisp and uplifting". Liverpool's "Daily Post" gave the song a three-star rating, commenting that it was "deceptively upbeat", which masked its "heavier message about conscription and war".


title: Andrea Corr

text: In 2011 she released her second solo album "Lifelines". This album contains covers of song by the likes John Lennon, Donna Summer, The Velvet Underground and more.


title: Andrea Corr

text: Andrea Corr entered the film industry in 1991 with Alan Parker's film "The Commitments", in which she had a speaking part as Sharon Rabbitte. In 1996, Parker was directing the film version of the rock opera "Evita" which starred Madonna. He was so keen on having Andrea in the film that he cast her as Juan Peron's mistress, where she performed part of "Hello and Goodbye". Corr provided the singing voice for Kayley, opposite Bryan White (Garrett) in Warner Brothers' first fully animated film, 1998's "The Quest for Camelot".


title: Andrea Corr

text: Corr resumed her acting career in 2003 where she was cast as Anne in "The Boys from County Clare". The film was not a commercial success, but she won the "Film Discovery Jury Award" for Best Actress in the US Comedy Arts Festival and was nominated for Best Actress in the IFTA Awards. During the Corrs' hiatus she was featured in the 2005 film "The Bridge" and the 2006 film "Broken Thread". Corr appeared as Christina in the play "Dancing at Lughnasa" staged at The Old Vic theatre in London from February until May 2009 .


title: Andrea Corr

text: She played the title role in "Jane Eyre" by Alan Stanford at the Gate Theatre in Dublin which opened on 9 November 2010.


title: Andrea Corr

text: Andrea Corr and her siblings have played charity concerts to raise money for the Pavarotti & Friends Liberian Children's Village, Freeman Hospital in Newcastle, the victims of the Omagh bombing in Northern Ireland, and The Prince's Trust in 2004. They are also ambassadors for the Nelson Mandela's "46664" campaign, where they performed live to raise awareness towards AIDS in Africa. During the Edinburgh Live 8 on 2 July 2005 The Corrs performed "When the Stars Go Blue" alongside Bono to promote the Make Poverty History campaign. In recognition for their charity performances, The Corrs were made Honorary Members of the Order of the British Empire in 2005 by Queen Elizabeth II.


title: Andrea Corr

text: Corr also partook in a tribute single to the late member of The Dubliners, Ronnie Drew, called "The Ballad of Ronnie Drew." The song was released on 19 February 2008 and was performed by a number of famous Irish musicians. This included members of U2, Sinéad O'Connor, Christy Dignam of Aslan, Robert Hunter of the Grateful Dead, who wrote the song, Kíla, Christy Moore, Moya Brennan, Shane MacGowan, Bob Geldof, Damien Dempsey, Gavin Friday, Iona Green, Jerry Fish, Paul Brady, Paddy Casey, Mick Pyro, Mundy, Chris de Burgh, Ronan Keating, Jack L, Eleanor Shanley, Mary Black, Declan O'Rourke, Mary Coughlan, Joe Elliott of Def Leppard The Dubliners themselves and The Chieftains.


title: Andrea Corr

text: The single was written to originally include Ronnie himself but was changed to be a tribute to him as his health was declining. Proceeds from sale of the single went to The Irish Cancer Society at the request of Drew himself. The song was performed live on "The Late Late Show" aired by RTÉ Entertainment on 22 February with Ronnie Drew in attendance as an audience member, and entered the Irish Single Charts at No. 2.


title: Andrea Corr

text: On 10 October 2010, Corr, amongst others, contributed to the Kirsty MacColl tribute concert held at Shepherd's Bush Empire to commemorate MacColl's birthday and raise money for charity. She also wrote and sang the song "Oh Brother" on the album "Music of Ireland – Welcome Home".


title: Andrea Corr

text: On 30 November 2012, Corr lent her support to Kate Winslet's Golden Hat Foundation together with Tim Janis, Sarah McLachlan, Loreena McKennitt, Hayley Westenra, performing on "The American Christmas Carol" concert in Carnegie Hall.


title: Andrea Corr

text: Corr married Brett Desmond on August 21, 2009. Sharon Corr and Caroline Corr sang "No Frontiers" at the wedding, and Damien Dempsey, Sharon Shannon, Seamus Begley, and Corr herself also performed on stage in the church. In November 2011, Corr's pregnancy was announced. Corr gave birth to daughter Jean on 28 April 2012, and son Brett Jr. on 4 January 2014.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Urijah Faber (born May 14, 1979) is an American mixed martial artist and actor who is signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He competed as a bantamweight and formerly competed as a featherweight. He is also the founder of Team Alpha Male, has been one of the coaches of Yan Xiaonan since she moved to Team Alpha Male in 2021.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber was an NCAA wrestler. With his base in wrestling, he later started Brazilian jiu-jitsu and quickly earned a brown belt under Fábio "Pateta" Prado. Faber won the WEC Featherweight Championship at WEC 19 on March 17, 2006, and held the title for over two and a half years until losing it to Mike Brown at WEC 36 on November 5, 2008. He went on to challenge for the WEC Featherweight Championship two more times and challenged for the UFC Bantamweight Championship four times.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber is widely regarded as one of MMA's pioneers for establishing legitimacy to lighter-weight classes. After his retirement on July 6, 2017, Faber was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame as a part of the Modern-era wing. He came out of retirement in 2019 and defeated Ricky Simón by first-round TKO.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber was born on May 14, 1979, in Isla Vista, California, to Theo and Suzanne Faber. He is of Dutch descent on his father's side, and Italian, English, and Irish on his mother's side. He went to Glen Edwards Middle School, Casa Roble High School and Lincoln High School (Lincoln, California). He has two siblings, Ryan and Michaella. Faber graduated from the University of California, Davis with a bachelor's degree in Human Development. While at UC-Davis, Faber qualified for the national NCAA tournament in 2001 and 2002 in wrestling.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber made his professional MMA debut as part of the Gladiator Challenge promotion on November 12, 2003, defeating Poes Manne by a guillotine choke at 1:22 of round 1. Faber then defeated George Adkins by TKO (strikes) on February 12, 2004, earning a shot at GC Bantamweight champion, David Velasquez. On June 6, 2004, Faber defeated Velasquez by unanimous decision, becoming the new GC Bantamweight champion. In his first title defense, Faber defeated Del Hawkins by TKO (strikes) at 3:19 of the first round on August 19, 2004. After this fight, Faber began to take fights in both GC and King of the Cage, GC's parent promotion.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Upon moving to KOTC, Faber defeated Rami Boukai by majority decision on September 24, 2004, barely a month after his last fight. On November 14, 2004, Faber defeated Eben Kaneshiro by submission (strikes) to win the King of the Cage Bantamweight Championship, co-holding it with the GC Bantamweight title.


title: Urijah Faber

text: On March 13, 2005, Faber made his return to GC, defeating David Granados by rear naked choke at 2:13 of round 1. On May 7, 2005, he defended his KOTC belt for the first time, defeating Hiroyuki Abe by TKO (cut) at 2:37 of the third round. Returning to GC on September 10, 2005, Faber had his first defeat, losing the GC Bantamweight championship to Tyson Griffin by TKO (strikes) in the third round, in only five seconds.


title: Urijah Faber

text: On October 29, 2005, Faber defended his KOTC title again, defeating Shawn Bias by guillotine choke at 1:24 of the first round. He returned to GC on December 11, 2005, defeating Charles Bennett by rear-naked choke at 4:38 of round 1. Faber then fought at a TKO Major League MMA event on January 8, 2006, facing Ivan Menjivar. Faber won by disqualification at 2:02 of the second round when Menjivar landed an illegal kick to a downed Faber.


title: Urijah Faber

text: On March 17, 2006, Faber competed for the first time in the World Extreme Cagefighting promotion, beating Cole Escovedo by second-round doctors stoppage and winning the WEC Featherweight Championship.


title: Urijah Faber

text: On May 13, 2006, he fought for the King of the Cage Bantamweight Championship for the third time, defeating Charlie Valencia by rear naked choke submission at 3:09 of the first round. Faber then returned to GC July 1, 2006, and defeated Naoya Uematsu by TKO (strikes) at 3:35 of round 2 to reclaim the GC Bantamweight championship, thus holding three titles at once. Faber then took a fight in the Full Contact Promotions organization on September 9, 2006, defeating Enoch Wilson by TKO (strikes) at 1:01 of the second round. On October 28, Faber returned to KOTC and defended his title for the fourth and last time, defeating Bibiano Fernandes by TKO (cut) at 4:16 of round 1. Faber later vacated his KOTC and GC titles upon signing a contract with the WEC after it was purchased by Zuffa in December 2006.


title: Urijah Faber

text: At "WEC 25: McCullough vs. Cope" on January 20, 2007, Faber defended his WEC Featherweight Championship for the first time since winning it ten months prior, defeating Joe Pearson by submission (strikes) at 2:31 of the first round. At "" on March 24, 2007, he successfully defended his title for a second time by defeating Dominick Cruz by guillotine choke submission at 1:38 of round 1, the first of only three losses in Cruz's career.


title: Urijah Faber

text: At "WEC 28: WrekCage" on June 3, 2007, Faber defeated Chance Farrar by rear-naked choke submission at 3:19 of the first round. In his post-fight interview, Faber called out K-1 Hero's 2005 Middleweight Tournament Champion Norifumi Yamamoto, though the fight never materialized. After this match, Faber took a six-month break between fights, the longest of his career. He came back at "WEC 31: Faber vs. Curran" on December 12, 2007, defeating Jeff Curran by guillotine choke submission at 4:34 of the second round. Also on this card was the WEC debut of Jens Pulver, who was moving back down to featherweight from the lightweight division. In Pulver's WEC debut, he submitted Cub Swanson in the first round of their match setting up a title match between Pulver and Faber. Pulver and Faber both commented in their post-fight interviews that they wanted to fight each other, and the match was signed for June 1, 2008, at "WEC 34: Faber vs. Pulver". Faber and Pulver fought a constant back-and-forth battle, but neither man was able to finish the other and the fight went the full five rounds, the first time in Faber's WEC career that one of his fights had gone the distance. The judges scored the bout a unanimous decision for Faber, (50–45, 50–44, and 50–44). This fight also marked both the first time that one of Pulver's fights at featherweight had gone to decision and the first time Pulver had been defeated at that weight class.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber was next scheduled to fight Mike Brown at "WEC 36" on September 10, 2008, at the Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Hollywood, Florida. However, this fight was postponed due to the threat of Hurricane Ike and was rescheduled for November 5, 2008, at the same location. Faber was defeated via TKO at 2:23 of the first round.


title: Urijah Faber

text: On January 25, 2009, at "WEC 38" Faber fought Jens Pulver in a rematch, with Faber winning by guillotine choke submission at 1:34 of the first round. Post-fight, Faber addressed WEC Featherweight Champion Mike Brown, who was seated at ringside and announced he wanted a shot at regaining his title. When Brown made his first successful title defense at "WEC 39" in Corpus Christi, Texas, he responded to Faber's comments by saying that a rematch between the two of them was something "the fans want to see."


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber was defeated a second time by Mike Brown at WEC 41 on June 7, 2009, by a unanimous decision (49–46, 49–46, and 48–47) in front of his hometown crowd in Sacramento. Early in the fight, Faber broke his right hand and later dislocated his left thumb, resorting to using primarily elbows and kicks starting in the third round. Nonetheless, even in the fifth round, Faber threw 15 left hooks or jabs, many of which connected. Sherdog and ESPN.com in a post-fight article noted that Faber's "right hand was no match for the top of Mike Brown's head." Immediately after the fight, Faber stated that despite the close decision, he would still like another fight against Brown.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber appeared on WEC 43 as a guest commentator and returned to action in January. He submitted Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt, Raphael Assunção via rear naked choke submission in third round at WEC 46, earning the "Submission of the Night" award.


title: Urijah Faber

text: With the victory over Assunção, Faber earned a shot to fight José Aldo for the WEC Featherweight Championship on April 24, 2010, at WEC 48. In the fight, he had no answer for the kicks from Aldo, which sent him to the canvas several times. Faber lost via unanimous decision.


title: Urijah Faber

text: He was set to move down against Japanese striker Takeya Mizugaki on August 18, 2010, at WEC 50. However, Faber was forced off the card with an injury. As a result, Mizugaki was also pulled from the event.


title: Urijah Faber

text: The bout with Mizugaki was rescheduled and took place on November 11, 2010, at WEC 52. Faber defeated Mizugaki via first round rear naked choke, earning "Submission of the Night" honors. With the victory over Mizugaki, Faber won his ninth WEC bout, a promotional record he shares with Antonio Banuelos and Poppies Martinez.


title: Urijah Faber

text: On October 28, 2010, the WEC merged with the UFC. As part of the merger, all WEC fighters were brought over to compete in the two new weight divisions.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber made his promotional debut against former WEC Bantamweight Champion Eddie Wineland on March 19, 2011 at UFC 128. Faber won the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision.


title: Urijah Faber

text: A rematch with Dominick Cruz, whose only defeat to that point came by Faber in 2007 took place on July 2, 2011, at UFC 132, in which Faber lost via unanimous decision. Both participants earned "Fight of the Night" honors.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber faced Brian Bowles on November 19, 2011, at UFC 139. It was said that the winner would be awarded with a title shot. Faber defeated Bowles via second round submission (guillotine choke), earning "Submission of the Night" honors.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Following his win at UFC 139, Faber was selected to be a coach on opposite Dominick Cruz. Following the conclusion of the reality show, it was confirmed that Faber/Cruz III was expected to take place on July 7, 2012, at UFC 148. However, Cruz was forced to pull out of the bout citing ACL injury. It was then announced that Faber would remain on the UFC 148 fight card and face Renan Barão in a bout for the UFC Interim Bantamweight Championship, where the winner would go on to face Dominick Cruz for the UFC Undisputed Bantamweight Championship at a later date. However, due to an injury to headliner José Aldo, who was supposed to fight Erik Koch in the originally-scheduled main event, the Faber/Barão bout was moved from UFC 148 on July 7, 2012, to on July 21, 2012, as the event's new main event.<ref name="Faber/Barao"></ref> He lost the fight by unanimous decision, suffering a broken rib during the first round.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber faced Ivan Menjivar in a rematch on February 23, 2013, at UFC 157. Faber defeated Menjivar in the first round with a rear naked choke submission.


title: Urijah Faber

text: On April 13, 2013, Faber faced Scott Jorgensen at . After a fast-paced and technical fight, Faber submitted Jorgensen via rear-naked choke at 3:16 in the 4th round. In the ringside interview, Faber noted, "He knows my stuff, so it was a tough fight. He made one small technical error, and I was able to capitalize on it. Props to Scotty for being a great fighter."


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber faced Iuri Alcântara on August 17, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 26. Despite being in trouble early in the first round, Faber recovered and used his wrestling and relentless top game, outstriking Alcântara 127 to 25 over the duration of the bout. As a result, Faber earned a unanimous decision victory.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber faced Michael McDonald on December 14, 2013, at UFC on Fox 9. In the second round, Faber stunned McDonald with a flurry of punches, McDonald went to the canvas and Faber jumped on him and finished the fight by submission due to a guillotine choke. Subsequently, Faber was awarded with "Submission of the Night" honors for his performance.


title: Urijah Faber

text: When Dominick Cruz injured himself before his unification bout with Renan Barão, Faber was chosen as the replacement in the title fight at UFC 169. Faber lost the fight via TKO in the first round. During the fight, Barão knocked Faber down, after which he proceeded to strike him on the ground. Faber grabbed Barão's leg, and gave the referee the thumbs-up, indicating that he wanted the fight to continue. The referee did not see the thumbs-up and stepped in to end the fight, to the surprise of Faber and the spectators. In his post-fight interview, he told Joe Rogan that he believed his teammate TJ Dillashaw should get the next crack at Barão.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber next faced Alex Caceres at UFC 175 on July 5, 2014. He won the fight via submission, making Caceres tap to a rear naked choke at 1:09 of the third round.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber was briefly linked to a bout with Masanori Kanehara on September 20, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 52. However, before the bout was officially announced, Faber was removed and Kanehara faced Alex Caceres.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber next faced Francisco Rivera on December 6, 2014, at UFC 181. Faber won the fight via second round submission. However, the ending was controversial, as Faber stunned Rivera with an eyepoke during a standup exchange. The eyepoke went unnoticed by the referee, but immediately preceded the fight ending submission. Rivera's management team indicated that they planned to appeal the result in hopes that it would be changed to a no contest, and that the UFC could schedule a rematch with Faber. Ultimately, the NSAC upheld the result of a submission victory for Faber.


title: Urijah Faber

text: A rematch with top contender Raphael Assunção was expected to headline UFC Fight Night 62 on March 21, 2015. However, Assunção was forced out of the bout as an ankle first injured in mid-December 2014 was slow to heal and that he was unable to resume the proper training to prepare for the fight in that time frame. Subsequently, the UFC removed Faber from the card, and he is expected to be rebooked, possibly against a new opponent at a different event.


title: Urijah Faber

text: A long speculated "superfight" with former UFC lightweight champion Frankie Edgar took place on May 16, 2015, at UFC Fight Night 66. After speculation as to what weight class the bout was to be contested, either featherweight, bantamweight or at a catchweight of somewhere in between, it was announced that the bout would be contested at featherweight. Faber lost the fight via unanimous decision, this was his first career loss in a non-title bout.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber faced Frankie Saenz on December 12, 2015, at UFC 194. He won the back-and-forth fight by unanimous decision.


title: Urijah Faber

text: A rubber match with Dominick Cruz took place on June 4, 2016, at UFC 199 for the UFC Bantamweight Championship. Faber's walkout song was Crazy In Love by Beyonce featuring Jay-Z. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber next faced Jimmie Rivera on September 10, 2016, at UFC 203. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Urijah Faber

text: In October 2016, Faber announced that his next fight, a bout against Brad Pickett on December 17, 2016, at in his home town of Sacramento would be his last. Faber went on to win the fight by unanimous decision. After the conclusion of the bout, Faber confirmed his retirement from the sport after a 13-year career.


title: Urijah Faber

text: After two-and-a half years away from mixed martial arts competition, Faber made his return to the Octagon as he faced Ricky Simón on July 13, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 155. He won the bout via TKO in the first round, becoming the second fighter to win a UFC bout after being inducted to the UFC Hall of Fame. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award. After the fight, Faber signed a new contract with the UFC.


title: Urijah Faber

text: Faber and Jaslyn have a daughter, Cali, who was born on March 14, 2019, and a son, Rome, who was born on October 8, 2020.


title: Urijah Faber

text: In December 2021, Faber agreed on short notice to compete in his first Combat Jiu-Jitsu match against a CJJ world champion Elias Anderson, at the Featherweight edition of the CJJ world championships., but passport issues led to Faber being replaced by Erik Perez, who lost to Anderson.


title: IPv6 address

text: An Internet Protocol Version 6 address (IPv6 address) is a numeric label that is used to identify and locate a network interface of a computer or a network node participating in a computer network using IPv6. IP addresses are included in the packet header to indicate the source and the destination of each packet. The IP address of the destination is used to make decisions about routing IP packets to other networks.


title: IPv6 address

text: IPv6 is the successor to the first addressing infrastructure of the Internet, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). In contrast to IPv4, which defined an IP address as a 32-bit value, IPv6 addresses have a size of 128 bits. Therefore, in comparison, IPv6 has a vastly enlarged address space.


title: IPv6 address

text: IPv6 addresses are classified by the primary addressing and routing methodologies common in networking: unicast addressing, anycast addressing, and multicast addressing.


title: IPv6 address

text: A unicast address identifies a single network interface. The Internet Protocol delivers packets sent to a unicast address to that specific interface.


title: IPv6 address

text: An anycast address is assigned to a group of interfaces, usually belonging to different nodes. A packet sent to an anycast address is delivered to just one of the member interfaces, typically the nearest host, according to the routing protocol's definition of distance. Anycast addresses cannot be identified easily, they have the same format as unicast addresses, and differ only by their presence in the network at multiple points. Almost any unicast address can be employed as an anycast address.


title: IPv6 address

text: A multicast address is also used by multiple hosts that acquire the multicast address destination by participating in the multicast distribution protocol among the network routers. A packet that is sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces that have joined the corresponding multicast group. IPv6 does not implement broadcast addressing. Broadcast's traditional role is subsumed by multicast addressing to the "all-nodes" link-local multicast group . However, the use of the all-nodes group is not recommended, and most IPv6 protocols use a dedicated link-local multicast group to avoid disturbing every interface in the network.


title: IPv6 address

text: An IPv6 address consists of 128 bits. For each of the major addressing and routing methodologies, various address formats are recognized by dividing the 128 address bits into bit groups and using established rules for associating the values of these bit groups with special addressing features.


title: IPv6 address

text: Unicast and anycast addresses are typically composed of two logical parts: a 64-bit network prefix used for routing, and a 64-bit interface identifier used to identify a host's network interface.


title: IPv6 address

text: The "network prefix" (the "routing prefix" combined with the "subnet id") is contained in the most significant 64 bits of the address. The size of the routing prefix may vary; a larger prefix size means a smaller subnet id size. The bits of the "subnet id" field are available to the network administrator to define subnets within the given network. The 64-bit "interface identifier" is automatically established randomly, obtained from a DHCPv6 server, or assigned manually. (Historically, it was automatically generated from the interface's MAC address using the modified EUI-64 format, but this method is now deprecated for privacy reasons.)


title: IPv6 address

text: The "prefix" field contains the binary value 1111110. The "L" bit is one for locally assigned addresses; the address range with "L" set to zero is currently not defined. The "random" field is chosen randomly once, at the inception of the routing prefix.


title: IPv6 address

text: A link-local address is also based on the interface identifier, but uses a different format for the network prefix.


title: IPv6 address

text: The "prefix" field contains the binary value 1111111010. The 54 zeroes that follow make the total network prefix the same for all link-local addresses ( link-local address prefix), rendering them non-routable.


title: IPv6 address

text: Multicast addresses are formed according to several specific formatting rules, depending on the application.


title: IPv6 address

text: Currently, three of the four flag bits in the "flg" field are defined; the most-significant flag bit is reserved for future use.


title: IPv6 address

text: The "sc(ope)" field holds the binary value 0010 (link-local). Solicited-node multicast addresses are computed as a function of a node's unicast or anycast addresses. A solicited-node multicast address is created by copying the last 24 bits of a unicast or anycast address to the last 24 bits of the multicast address.


title: IPv6 address

text: An IPv6 address is represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, each group representing 16 bits The groups are separated by colons (:). An example of an IPv6 address is:


title: IPv6 address

text: The standards provide flexibility in the representation of IPv6 addresses. The full representation of eight four-digit groups may be simplified by several techniques, eliminating parts of the representation. In general, representations are shortened as much as possible. However, this practice complicates several common operations, namely searching for a specific address or an address pattern in text documents or streams, and comparing addresses to determine equivalence. For mitigation of these complications, the IETF has defined a canonical format for rendering IPv6 addresses in text:


title: IPv6 address

text: These methods can lead to very short representations for IPv6 addresses. For example, the localhost (loopback) address, , and the IPv6 unspecified address, , are reduced to and , respectively.


title: IPv6 address

text: During the transition of the Internet from IPv4 to IPv6, it is typical to operate in a mixed addressing environment. For such use cases, a special notation has been introduced, which expresses IPv4-mapped and IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses by writing the least-significant 32 bits of an address in the familiar IPv4 dot-decimal notation, whereas the 96 most-significant bits are written in IPv6 format. For example, the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address is written as , thus expressing clearly the original IPv4 address that was mapped to IPv6.


title: IPv6 address

text: An IPv6 network uses an address block that is a contiguous group of IPv6 addresses of a size that is a power of two. The leading set of bits of the addresses are identical for all hosts in a given network, and are called the network's address or routing "prefix".


title: IPv6 address

text: Network address ranges are written in CIDR notation. A network is denoted by the first address in the block (ending in all zeroes), a slash (/), and a decimal value equal to the size in bits of the prefix. For example, the network written as starts at address and ends at .


title: IPv6 address

text: The routing prefix of an interface address may be directly indicated with the address using CIDR notation. For example, the configuration of an interface with address connected to subnet is written as .


title: IPv6 address

text: The size of a block of addresses is specified by writing a slash (/) followed by a number in decimal whose value is the length of the network prefix in bits. For example, an address block with 48 bits in the prefix is indicated by . Such a block contains 2 = 2 addresses. The smaller the value of the network prefix, the larger the block: a block is 8 times larger than a block.


title: IPv6 address

text: Colon (:) characters in IPv6 addresses may conflict with the established syntax of resource identifiers, such as URIs and URLs. The colon is conventionally used to terminate the host path before a port number. To alleviate this conflict, literal IPv6 addresses are enclosed in square brackets in such resource identifiers, for example:


title: IPv6 address

text: For addresses with other than global scope (as described in ), and in particular for link-local addresses, the choice of the network interface for sending a packet may depend on which zone the address belongs to. The same address may be valid in different zones, and in use by a different host in each of those zones. Even if a single address is not in use in different zones, the address prefixes for addresses in those zones may still be identical, which makes the operating system unable to select an outgoing interface based on the information in the routing table (which is prefix-based).


title: IPv6 address

text: In order to resolve the ambiguity in textual addresses, a "" must be appended to the address. The zone index is separated from the address by a percent sign (%). Although numeric zone indices must be universally supported, the zone index may also be an implementation-dependent string. The link-local address


title: IPv6 address

text: The former (using an interface name) is customary on most Unix-like operating systems (e.g., BSD, Linux, macOS).


title: IPv6 address

text: The latter (using an interface number) is the standard syntax on Microsoft Windows, but as support for this syntax is mandatory, it is also available on other operating systems.


title: IPv6 address

text: BSD-based operating systems (including macOS) also support an alternative, non-standard syntax, where a numeric zone index is encoded in the second 16-bit word of the address. E.g.:


title: IPv6 address

text: In all operating systems mentioned above, the zone index for link-local addresses actually refers to an interface, not to a zone. As multiple interfaces may belong to the same zone (e.g. when connected to the same network), in practice two addresses with different zone identifiers may actually be equivalent, and refer to the same host on the same link.


title: IPv6 address

text: When used in uniform resource identifiers (URI), the use of the percent sign causes a syntax conflict, therefore it must be escaped via percent-encoding, e.g.:


title: IPv6 address

text: In Microsoft Windows operating systems, IPv4 addresses are valid location identifiers in Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) path names. However, the colon is an illegal character in a UNC path name. Thus, the use of IPv6 addresses is also illegal in UNC names. For this reason, Microsoft implemented a transcription algorithm to represent an IPv6 address in the form of a domain name that can be used in UNC paths. For this purpose, Microsoft registered and reserved the second-level domain "ipv6-literal.net" on the Internet (although they gave up the domain in January 2014). IPv6 addresses are transcribed as a hostname or subdomain name within this namespace, in the following fashion:


title: IPv6 address

text: This notation is automatically resolved locally by Microsoft software, without any queries to DNS name servers.


title: IPv6 address

text: If the IPv6 address contains a zone index, it is appended to the address portion after an 's' character:


title: IPv6 address

text: Every IPv6 address, except the unspecified address (), has a "scope", which specifies in which part of the network it is valid.


title: IPv6 address

text: Link-local addresses and the loopback address have "link-local" scope, which means they can only be used on a single directly attached network. All other addresses (including Unique local addresses) have "global" (or "universal") scope, which means they are potentially globally routable and can be used to connect to addresses with "global" scope anywhere, or to addresses with "link-local" scope on the directly attached network.


title: IPv6 address

text: Unique local addresses have global scope, but they are not globally administered. As a result, only other hosts in the same administrative domain (e.g., an organization), or within a cooperating administrative domain are able to reach such addresses, if properly routed. As their scope is global, these addresses are valid as a source address when communicating with any other global-scope address, even though it may be impossible to route packets from the destination back to the source.


title: IPv6 address

text: Anycast addresses are syntactically identical to and indistinguishable from unicast addresses. Their only difference is administrative. Scopes for anycast addresses are therefore the same as for unicast addresses.


title: IPv6 address

text: For multicast addresses, the four least-significant bits of the second address octet () identify the address scope, i.e. the domain in which the multicast packet should be propagated. Predefined and reserved scopes are:


title: IPv6 address

text: The management of IPv6 address allocation process is delegated to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) by the Internet Architecture Board and the Internet Engineering Steering Group. Its main function is the assignment of large address blocks to the regional Internet registries (RIRs), which have the delegated task of allocation to network service providers and other local registries. The IANA has maintained the official list of allocations of the IPv6 address space since December 1995.


title: IPv6 address

text: In order to allow efficient route aggregation, thereby reducing the size of the Internet routing tables, only one-eighth of the total address space () is currently allocated for use on the Internet. The rest of the IPv6 address space is reserved for future use or for special purposes. The address space is assigned to the RIRs in blocks of up to .


title: IPv6 address

text: The RIRs assign smaller blocks to local Internet registries that distribute them to users. These are typically in sizes from to . Global unicast assignment records can be found at the various RIRs or other websites.


title: IPv6 address

text: The addresses are then typically distributed in to sized blocks to the end users. IPv6 addresses are assigned to organizations in much larger blocks as compared to IPv4 address assignments—the recommended allocation is a block which contains 2 addresses, being 2 or about times larger than the entire IPv4 address space of 2 addresses and about times larger than the blocks of IPv4 addresses, which are the largest allocations of IPv4 addresses. The total pool, however, is sufficient for the foreseeable future, because there are 2 (exactly 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456) or about (340 trillion trillion trillion) unique IPv6 addresses.


title: IPv6 address

text: Each RIR can divide each of its multiple blocks into 512 blocks, typically one for each ISP; an ISP can divide its block into blocks, typically one for each customer; customers can create networks from their assigned block, each having 2 (18,446,744,073,709,551,616) addresses. In contrast, the entire IPv4 address space has only 2 (exactly 4,294,967,296 or about ) addresses.


title: IPv6 address

text: By design, only a very small fraction of the address space will actually be used. The large address space ensures that addresses are almost always available, which makes the use of network address translation (NAT) for the purposes of address conservation completely unnecessary. NAT has been increasingly used for IPv4 networks to help alleviate IPv4 address exhaustion.


title: IPv6 address

text: To allow for provider changes without renumbering, provider-independent address space – assigned directly to the end user by the RIRs – is taken from the special range .


title: IPv6 address

text: Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) are assigned special addresses from the ranges , , and for communication with their connected ISPs.


title: IPv6 address

text: The lowest address within each subnet prefix (the interface identifier set to all zeroes) is reserved as the "subnet-router" anycast address. Applications may use this address when talking to any one of the available routers, as packets sent to this address are delivered to just one router.


title: IPv6 address

text: The 128 highest addresses within each subnet prefix are reserved to be used as anycast addresses. These addresses usually have the first 57 bits of the interface identifier set to 1, followed by the 7-bit anycast ID. Prefixes for the network can be of any length for routing purposes, but subnets are required to have a length of 64 bits. The address with value 0x7e in the 7 least-significant bits is defined as a mobile IPv6 home agents anycast address. The address with value 0x7f (all bits 1) is reserved and may not be used. No more assignments from this range are made, so values 0x00 through 0x7d are reserved as well.


title: IPv6 address

text: There are a number of addresses with special meaning in IPv6. They represent less than 2% of the entire address space:


title: IPv6 address

text: The multicast addresses where is any hexadecimal value are reserved and should not be assigned to any multicast group. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) manages address reservations.


title: IPv6 address

text: The least significant 24 bits of the solicited-node multicast address group ID are filled with the least significant 24 bits of the interface's unicast or anycast address. These addresses allow link layer address resolution via Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) on the link without disturbing all nodes on the local network. A host is required to join a solicited-node multicast group for each of its configured unicast or anycast addresses.


title: IPv6 address

text: On system startup, a node automatically creates a link-local address on each IPv6-enabled interface, even if globally routable addresses are manually configured or obtained through "configuration protocols" (see below). It does so independently and without any prior configuration by stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), using a component of the Neighbor Discovery Protocol. This address is selected with the prefix .


title: IPv6 address

text: In IPv4, typical "configuration protocols" include DHCP or PPP. Although DHCPv6 exists, IPv6 hosts normally use the Neighbor Discovery Protocol to create a globally routable unicast address: the host sends router solicitation requests and an IPv6 router responds with a prefix assignment.


title: IPv6 address

text: The lower 64 bits of these addresses are populated with a 64-bit interface identifier. This should be a pseudo-random number for privacy reasons. The old modified EUI-64 format is now deprecated. Also for privacy reasons, the interface identifier is different for each automatically configured address of that interface. This has the disadvantage that multiple multicast groups need to be joined for neighbor discovery. For this, a multicast address is used, formed from the network prefix and the 24 least significant bits of the address.


title: IPv6 address

text: A 64-bit interface identifier was previously derived from the interface's 48-bit MAC address, although this method is now deprecated . A MAC address is turned into a 64-bit EUI-64 by inserting in the middle: . When this EUI-64 is used to form an IPv6 address, it is modified: the meaning of the "Universal/Local" bit (the 7th most significant bit of the EUI-64, starting from 1) is inverted, so that a 1 now means "Universal". To create an IPv6 address with the network prefix it yields the address (with the "Universal/Local" bit, the second-least-significant bit of the underlined quartet, inverted to 1 in this case because the MAC address is universally unique).


title: IPv6 address

text: The assignment of a unicast IPv6 address to an interface involves an internal test for the uniqueness of that address using "Neighbor Solicitation" and "Neighbor Advertisement" (ICMPv6 type 135 and 136) messages. While in the process of establishing uniqueness an address has a "tentative" state.


title: IPv6 address

text: The node joins the "solicited-node" multicast address for the tentative address (if not already done so) and sends neighbor solicitations, with the tentative address as target address and the unspecified address () as source address. The node also joins the all-hosts multicast address , so it will be able to receive "Neighbor Advertisements".


title: IPv6 address

text: If a node receives a neighbor solicitation with its own tentative address as the target address, then that address is not unique. The same is true if the node receives a neighbor advertisement with the tentative address as the source of the advertisement. Only after having successfully established that an address is unique may it be assigned and used by an interface.


title: IPv6 address

text: When an anycast address is assigned to an interface, like a subnet-router anycast address, duplicate address detection is not performed. This is due to the inherent non-uniqueness of this type of addresses.


title: IPv6 address

text: Each IPv6 address that is bound to an interface has a fixed lifetime. Lifetimes are infinite, unless configured to a shorter period. There are two lifetimes that govern the state of an address: the "preferred lifetime" and the "valid lifetime". Lifetimes can be configured in routers that provide the values used for autoconfiguration, or specified when manually configuring addresses on interfaces.


title: IPv6 address

text: When an address is assigned to an interface it gets the status "preferred", which it holds during its preferred-lifetime. After that lifetime expires the status becomes "deprecated" and no new connections should be made using this address. The address becomes "invalid" after its valid-lifetime also expires; the address is removed from the interface and may be assigned somewhere else on the Internet.


title: IPv6 address

text: Note: In most cases, the lifetime does not expire because new Router Advertisements (RAs) refresh the timers. But if there are no more RAs, eventually the preferred lifetime elapses and the address becomes "deprecated".


title: IPv6 address

text: The globally unique and static MAC addresses, used by stateless address autoconfiguration to create interface identifiers, offer an opportunity to track user equipment—across time and IPv6 network prefix changes—and so users. To reduce the prospect of a user identity being permanently tied to an IPv6 address portion, a node may create temporary addresses with interface identifiers based on time-varying random bit strings and relatively short lifetimes (hours to days), after which they are replaced with new addresses.


title: IPv6 address

text: Temporary addresses may be used as source address for originating connections, while external hosts use a public address by querying the Domain Name System.


title: IPv6 address

text: Network interfaces configured for IPv6 use temporary addresses by default in OS X Lion and later Apple systems as well as in Windows Vista, Windows 2008 Server and later Microsoft systems.


title: IPv6 address

text: As a means to enhance security for Neighbor Discovery Protocol "cryptographically generated addresses" (or CGAs) were introduced in 2005 as part of the Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) Protocol.


title: IPv6 address

text: The first uses a public key and a random modifier; the latter being incremented repeatedly until a specific amount of zero bits of the resulting hash is acquired.


title: IPv6 address

text: The least significant 64 bits of the second hash result is appended to the 64-bit network prefix to form a 128-bit address.


title: IPv6 address

text: The hash functions can also be used to verify if a specific IPv6 address satisfies the requirement of being a valid CGA.


title: IPv6 address

text: The use of stateless autoconfigured addresses has serious implications for security and privacy concerns, because the underlying hardware address (most typically the MAC address) is exposed beyond the local network, permitting the tracking of user activities and correlation of user accounts to other information. It also permits vendor-specific attack strategies, and reduces the size of the address space for searching for attack targets.


title: IPv6 address

text: Stable privacy addresses were introduced to remedy these shortcomings. They are stable within a specific network but change when moving to another, to improve privacy. They are chosen deterministically, but randomly, in the entire address space of the network.


title: IPv6 address

text: Generation of a stable privacy address is based on a hash function that uses several stable parameters. It is implementation specific, but it is recommended to use at least the network prefix, the name of the network interface, a duplicate address counter, and a secret key. The resulting hash value is used to construct the final address: Typically the 64 least significant bits are concatenated to the 64-bit network prefix, to yield a 128-bit address. If the network prefix is smaller than 64 bits, more bits of the hash are used. If the resulting address does not conflict with existing or reserved addresses, it is assigned to the interface.


title: IPv6 address

text: IPv6-enabled network interfaces usually have more than one IPv6 address, for example, a link-local and a global address. They may also have temporary addresses that change after a certain lifetime has expired. IPv6 introduces the concepts of address scope and selection preference, yielding multiple choices for source and destination address selections in communication with another host.


title: IPv6 address

text: The preference selection algorithm selects the most appropriate address to use in communications with a particular destination, including the use of IPv4-mapped addresses in dual-stack implementations. It uses a configurable preference table that associates each routing prefix with a precedence level. The default table has the following content:


title: IPv6 address

text: The default configuration places preference on IPv6 usage, and selects destination addresses within the smallest possible scope, so that link-local communication is preferred over globally routed paths when otherwise equally suitable. The prefix policy table is similar to a routing table, with the precedence value serving as the role of a link cost, where higher preference is expressed as a larger value. Source addresses are preferred to have the same label value as the destination address. Addresses are matched to prefixes based on the longest matching most-significant bit-sequence. Candidate source addresses are obtained from the operating system and candidate destination addresses may be queried via the Domain Name System (DNS).


title: IPv6 address

text: For minimizing the time of establishing connections when multiple addresses are available for communication, the Happy Eyeballs algorithm was devised. It queries the Domain Name System for IPv6 and IPv4 addresses of the target host, sorts candidate addresses using the default address selection table, and tries to establish connections in parallel. The first connection that is established aborts current and future attempts to connect to other addresses.


title: IPv6 address

text: In the Domain Name System, hostnames are mapped to IPv6 addresses by "AAAA" resource records, so-called "quad-A" records.


title: IPv6 address

text: For reverse lookup the IETF reserved the domain ip6.arpa, where the name space is hierarchically divided by the 1-digit hexadecimal representation of nibble units (4 bits) of the IPv6 address.


title: IPv6 address

text: As in IPv4, each host is represented in the DNS by two DNS records: an address record and a reverse mapping pointer record. For example,


title: IPv6 address

text: a host computer named "derrick" in zone "example.com" has the Unique Local Address . Its quad-A address record is


title: IPv6 address

text: This pointer record may be defined in a number of zones, depending on the chain of delegation of authority in the zone d.f.ip6.arpa.


title: IPv6 address

text: The DNS protocol is independent of its transport layer protocol. Queries and replies may be transmitted over IPv6 or IPv4 transports regardless of the address family of the data requested.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: Gene Rayburn (born Eugene Peter Jeljenic; December 22, 1917 – November 29, 1999) was an American radio and television personality. He is best known as the host of various editions of the American television game show "Match Game" for over two decades.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: Rayburn was born in Christopher, Illinois, the younger of two children of Croatian immigrants Mary A. Hikec (August 14, 1897 – April 29, 1985) and Peter Pero Jeljenić (January 17, 1887 – December 26, 1918). In an episode of Match Game ‘74, Gene speaks Serbo-Croatian with a contestant. He mentions that he can speak the language, because his parents were born there. His father died when he was an infant and his mother moved to Chicago, where she met Milan Rubessa. After she married Rubessa on November 10, 1919, Rayburn took the name Eugene Rubessa (). He had an elder brother, Alfred, who was killed when Rayburn was a child, and a younger half-brother, Milan Rubessa Jr.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: Rayburn graduated from Lindblom Technical High School and attended Knox College. At Lindblom, he was senior class president and acted in the plays "Robert of Sicily" and "Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch".


title: Gene Rayburn

text: An aspiring actor and opera singer, Rayburn moved to New York City but unable to find stage work, found a job as a page and tour guide at NBC studios at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. After three years in that position, Rayburn began announcing at various radio stations, eventually landing back in New York at WNEW. He enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces and served in World War II. Gene chose the stage name "Rayburn" by randomly sticking his finger in the phone book.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: Before appearing in television, Rayburn was an actor and radio performer. He had a morning drive time radio show in New York City, first with Jack Lescoulie ("Anything Goes") and later with Dee Finch ("Rayburn & Finch") on WNEW. Rayburn's pairings with Lescoulie and Finch helped to popularize the now-familiar morning drive radio format. At WNEW, he was able to lobby for songs' recording and, hence, chart-popularity, e.g. "Music! Music! Music!" (recorded by Teresa Brewer) and co-authoring the lyrics of the song "Hop-Scotch Polka" with Carl Sigman (both 1949). When Rayburn left WNEW, Dee Finch continued the format with Gene Klavan.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: Rayburn took the lead role in the Broadway musical "Bye Bye Birdie" when Dick Van Dyke left the production to star in "The Dick Van Dyke Show". At one point in his stage career, Rayburn's stand-in was future "Match Game" panelist Charles Nelson Reilly.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: Breaking into television as the original announcer on Steve Allen's "Tonight", Rayburn began a long association with game show producers Mark Goodson and Bill Todman in 1953. He first appeared on Robert Q. Lewis's "The Name's the Same"; Rayburn frequently sat in for regular panelist Carl Reiner. In 1955, he took over as host of the summer replacement game show "Make the Connection" from original host Jim McKay (and appearing with his WNEW morning show successor Gene Klavan). From there he hosted shows such as "Choose Up Sides", "Dough Re Mi", and the daytime version of "Tic Tac Dough". On radio, Rayburn became one of the many hosts of the NBC program "Monitor" in 1961 and remained with the show until 1973.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: In an uncredited role (he reportedly did not want his name to appear), Rayburn played a TV interviewer in the movie "It Happened to Jane" (1959) starring Doris Day. Rayburn was also a frequent panelist in the 1960s and 1970s on "What's My Line?" and "To Tell the Truth".


title: Gene Rayburn

text: From 1962 to 1969, Rayburn hosted "The Match Game". In the original version, which aired from New York on NBC, Rayburn read questions to two panels, each consisting of a celebrity and two audience members. The questions in the original game were ordinary, like "Name a kind of muffin," or "John loves his ____________." Rayburn usually played it straight, though he would make jokes as the situation warranted. Because it was a live show, very few episodes were recorded; only four are known to exist. The show was canceled in 1969 to make room for the topical, short-lived game show "Letters to Laugh-In".


title: Gene Rayburn

text: Goodson-Todman revived "Match Game" in 1973 for CBS, this time as a California-based game show. Rayburn returned as host and introduced a new format in which two contestants tried to match the responses of six celebrities. Writer Dick DeBartolo, a veteran of the original show, created funnier and often risqué questions ("After being hit by a steamroller, Norman had to slide his ____________ under the door.") Rayburn reveled in this freewheeling new approach and often indulged in funny voices, banter with the celebrities, and mock arguments with the technical crew. It soon became the highest-rated show on daytime television.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: From 1973 to 1977, "Match Game" was number one among all daytime network game shows—three of those years it was the highest rated of all daytime shows. The daytime revival of "Match Game", which featured regular panelists Richard Dawson, Brett Somers, and Charles Nelson Reilly, ran until 1979 on CBS and another three years in first-run syndication. A concurrent nighttime version, "Match Game PM", aired in syndication from 1975 to 1981. Rayburn was nominated for three Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: During the years when "Match Game" was taped in Los Angeles (1973–1982), Rayburn lived in Osterville, Massachusetts on Cape Cod. He commuted to California every two weeks to tape 12 shows over the course of a weekend (five daytime shows and one nighttime show per taping day).


title: Gene Rayburn

text: In 1983, a year after the syndicated "Match Game" ended, the show was revived as part of the "Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour". Rayburn hosted the "Match Game" and "Super Match" segments and sat on the panel for the "Hollywood Squares" segment, which was hosted by Jon Bauman. This show lasted nine months on NBC. Rayburn, by most accounts, was disappointed with how the show turned out.


title: Gene Rayburn

text: During and between his "Match Game" years, Rayburn served as guest panelist on two other Goodson-Todman shows: "What's My Line?" and "To Tell the Truth". Also during the run of the 1970s "Match Game", Rayburn and his wife Helen appeared on the game show "Tattletales", hosted by Bert Convy. Rayburn also hosted some episodes of "Tattletales". Three years after the original "Match Game" was canceled, Rayburn hosted the short-lived Heatter-Quigley Productions show "The Amateur's Guide to Love". In 1983, he hosted a pilot for Reg Grundy Productions titled "Party Line", which later became "Bruce Forsyth's Hot Streak".