title: Crossed (comics)

text: The final few flashbacks continue with Aoileann giving in and breaking her vows. The two start having sex in the attic while the vicar is away. Aoileann begins having a seizure which Shaky ignores. The vicar returns to warn of Crossed outside and tries to separate Shaky and Aoileann. Desperate to climax Shaky shoves him away causing him to fall and be knocked out. He starts to get up but then returns to Aoileann to continue raping her. Finally reaching orgasm, Shaky yells out in pleasure and is heard by several Crossed. The Crossed enter the church and slaughter the children, who are playing downstairs. Shaky runs down to help, but is too late. He then realizes with horror that some newly-Crossed children have made it into the attic. However, he is too cowardly to help and sits back in tears as he lets the Crossed infect the vicar and Aoileann. He escapes the church, and finds members of Cava who take him to the island. Shaky remarks that the entire situation is his fault.


title: Crossed (comics)

text: The next morning Shaky is still stranded on the rock when Aoileann returns. Shaky finishes his diary saying that he realizes that every rule and regulation on Cava was simply an attempt to regulate the madness of the world, and is really no different from what humans do when they write stories. Shaky claims that the stories are only there to make sense of a world of chaos, and that every breath, page, and word are just "doomed islands briefly holding out against the dark". Shaky gives Aoileann his diary which she rips apart page by page and throws it into the wind. Shaky then decides he wants an ending to his story.


title: Crossed (comics)

text: From afar, Rab is watching these events and relaying it to the three surviving children of his group. Shaky sets the still living Gamekeeper on fire with a flaregun, then allows Aoileann to infect him while making love on the rock. Both then jump into the cold, strong current outside of Cava to die together. As the children plead to see what's happening, Rab states that sometimes it's enough to just be told a story instead of living it. Rab concludes that Cava is no longer safe, and leads the remaining survivors away to start anew elsewhere.


title: Crossed (comics)

text: The first series was originally optioned for an independently funded film, with Ennis writing the screenplay. It was going to be financed by Trigger Street Productions and produced by Michael De Luca, Jason Netter, and Kevin Spacey. In the end of 2012, however, Ennis announced that he and Avatar Press had recovered the rights to the franchise. They made plans to launch a series of webisodes in an attempt to generate interest for a feature film. In March 2013 "Crossed: Dead Or Alive", an upcoming series of live action webisodes written and directed by Ennis, was announced. "DOA" will be accompanied by an Ennis-penned tie-in webcomic that will expand and further develop the concepts of the film series and its characters. A goal was set to film all the episodes for "Crossed: Dead or Alive" season 1 in early 2014.


title: Crossed (comics)

text: The webcomic was launched on November 13, 2014, with the plans to start production on the live-action series as soon as the fundraising campaign began to make money.


title: Crossed (comics)

text: A series called "Crossed +100", written by Alan Moore and with art by Gabriel Andrade for the first six issues, debuted in December 2014. It follows a group of humans 100 years after the outbreak. After running across a group of Crossed, they find that the infected have begun to multiply again after having almost disappeared.


title: Crossed (comics)

text: One hundred years on from the initial outbreak, it is revealed that around 2050 AD, Crossed numbers began to drop significantly and eventually regular humans once again outnumbered the infected, though small family groups of Crossed continued to inhabit some areas, breeding new generations by refraining from killing their young. Again, this was simply the result of natural selection: Crossed populations which attacked their own children died out from old age eventually, while only those which didn't would still survive a hundred years later. The Crossed started diminishing in numbers by 2050 because by forty years later, any adults infected in the initial outbreak (i.e. 20 or older) were starting to get too old to survive such a violent lifestyle (against both Crossed, the uninfected, and the elements). Teenagers and children infected in the initial outbreak were not strong enough to compete against adult Crossed at the time, so they didn't tend to survive forty years of constant fighting.


title: Crossed (comics)

text: The Crossed infection is stated to have spread around the planet on July 27, 2008, an event commonly called "the Surprise". By 2108, human society has somewhat begun to rebuild in the former United States, but is still socially and technically backwards compared to society before the Surprise. The society of the human survivors has drastically changed after a hundred years, with slang derived from a post-Crossed world. In the Tennessee region shown in "Crossed: +100", major religions such as Judaism and Christianity have died out, and most people are irreligious, though there are a few survivor enclaves that still practice Islam (the comic creators stated that one of the reasons the story was set in Tennessee is due to the large Muslim population in present-day Murfreesboro; other large Muslim populations in the United States are concentrated in major metropolitan areas, which thus stood lower chance of surviving the Crossed epidemic). Few survivors living in 2108 have even seen a Crossed person, to the point that many younger people mockingly imitate the Crossed with face paint, and chasing each other pretending to be Crossed is a childhood game.


title: Crossed (comics)

text: In 2108, a group of survivors from the rebuilt settlement at Chattanooga, Tennessee (called "Chooga"), make a horrifying discovery through the diary entries of Beauregard Salt, an infamous serial killer (known as the "Phonebook Killer") who was infected on C-Day. Because Salt was already homicidally insane and had no restrictions on his impulses, the Crossed virus did not significantly change him (perhaps because his psychopathic brain structure was already significantly altered from normal). Salt considered the new world of the Crossed to be a paradise, but he also had the foresight to realize that it would be difficult to sustain indefinitely – given that many Crossed will rape and eat their own small children. Salt therefore began self-consciously conducting conditioning experiments on other Crossed, to weed out the uncontrollable ones and actively select for the ones that could display enough restraint to follow long-term plans. Salt also came to realize that because the Crossed were constantly fighting the uninfected, the survivors were becoming battle-hardened and difficult for the Crossed to fight; therefore, he prepared a plan which would take "decades" to reach fruition (an explicit reference to the Seldon Plan in Isaac Asimov's Foundation Series), in which the Crossed would basically let the uninfected survivor enclaves "lie fallow" for a full generation at a time; over time, the uninfected would get soft, unused to a daily fight for survival against the Crossed. Salt even planned out that the return attacks of the Crossed against survivor enclaves would take place on the day of the 100th anniversary of the Surprise, in July 2108. Chaos unfolds as the uninfected humans seek to protect the remaining settlements in the east coast area of the US, while trying to uncover the conspiracy laid out by Salt a hundred years earlier.


title: Crossed (comics)

text: A six-issue series (April 2018–October 2018) with story by Christos Gage and art by Emiliano Urdinola, set in the world of Moore's "+100". It follows Julie (an uninfected archivist) and Fleshcook (a Crossed raised by one of the twelve disciples of Beauregard Salt) as they attempt to forge an alliance between infected and uninfected. The main story is backed by "Crossed +100: American History X", a series of stand-alone stories written by Pat Shand and with art by Raulo Caceres, set at various points in the decades between "Crossed" and "Crossed +100".


title: Crossed (comics)

text: "The Sadness" (Chinese: 哭悲; pinyin: "Kū bēi"), a 2021 Taiwanese body horror film that was heavily inspired by the "Crossed" comic book series.


title: Love Alarm

text: Love Alarm () is a South Korean streaming television series starring Kim So-hyun, Jung Ga-ram, and Song Kang. Based on the Daum webtoon of the same name by Chon Kye-young, it follows the life of a high school girl in a society greatly influenced by a mobile app capable of notifying whether someone within their vicinity has romantic feelings for them.


title: Love Alarm

text: "Love Alarm" is the first Korean series confirmed for pick-up by Netflix. The first season of the series premiered on Netflix on August 22, 2019. It was ranked as one of Netflix's top releases and was renewed for a second season in October 2019; season 2 was released on March 12, 2021. In 2021, the series managed to rank as the 6th most watched K-dramas worldwide in the platform. In 2022, it is the 9th most searched Korean drama worldwide.


title: Love Alarm

text: "Love Alarm" revolves around the story of a technology that enables users to discover love through an application which notifies users when someone within 10 meters has romantic feelings for them.


title: Love Alarm

text: In January 2017, Netflix collaborated with Hidden Sequence to produce their first South Korean original series for the platform based on the eponymous Daum webtoon by Chon Kye-young. The series was planned to be released in 2018 but the premiere date was postponed to 2019 because of the delay in production for internal reasons, as reported by Korea JoongAng Daily. On September 4, 2018, Netflix announced that "Love Alarm" would now be produced by Studio Dragon, with Lee Ah-youn and Seo Bo-ra ("Coffee, Do Me a Favor") writing the screenplay and Lee Na-jeong ("Fight for My Way") directing. Kim So-hyun, Jung Ga-ram and Song Kang were cast for main roles; Song Kang was selected through audition competing with 900 people. First season with eight episodes was released on August 22, 2019.


title: Love Alarm

text: In October 2019, "Love Alarm" was renewed for a second follow-up season. The first script reading for season 2 took place on February 21, 2020. On February 14, 2021, Netflix announced that season 2 would be released on March 12, 2021 and it would be written by Cha Yeon-soo and Kim Seo-hee, with Kim Jin-woo ("Suits") directing and Ryu Bo-ra ("Snowy Road", "Secret Love") participating as script producer. Production H, which already collaborated with Studio Dragon in 2018 to produce "Life on Mars", joined as a co-producer for the second season.


title: Love Alarm

text: The soundtrack of "Love Alarm" includes seven songs and fourteen musical scores; it was released through several music portals on September 6, 2019. Vocals were performed by Tearliner, Klang and Hodge.


title: Love Alarm

text: Instead of Studio Dragon's sister company Stone Music Entertainment (which had the distribution rights to soundtracks of most Studio Dragon-produced dramas), indie music distributor Biscuit Sound handled the distribution rights for the soundtrack.


title: Love Alarm

text: "Love Alarm" held an interactive experience zone from August 18 to September 1, 2019 at Lotte World Tower World Park Square. Each space was decorated as if the app function in the drama is visualized in reality and gave a romantic experience to lovers, friends, and family who visited the place. Also, an app that looks like the one in the series (but works differently) was released for the promotional events.


title: Love Alarm

text: On December 30, 2019, Netflix unveiled the 10 most loved shows in South Korea in 2019, in which the series was ranked eighth. "Forbes" Joan MacDonald said that "Love Alarm" gives the familiar romance drama "a fresh twist" by introducing a mobile app and found that "Kim So-hyun is well cast as Jo-jo". Maggie Adan of "Cosmopolitan Philippines" wrote that she "initially found the motivations of the characters a little irrational and [shallow] ... but afterlooking back on [her] teenage years and recalling that [she] was prone to blowing things out of proportion and being melodramatic about love and relationships at that age, too, [she] realised that the show is actually more truthful than [she] give it credit for ... it just doesn't resonate with [her] anymore" Stephen McCarty from the "South China Morning Post" opined that ""Love Alarm" is not only an innocent love story but also deals with data protection, gay rights, the extreme consequences of heartache, and smartphone invasion."


title: Love Alarm

text: "Cinema Escapist" Richard Yu commends "Love Alarm" for being a social commentary on the negative influence of social media in today's society. He posits:


title: Love Alarm

text: Season 2 of "Love Alarm" primarily received negative to mixed reviews from the critics. Pierce Conran of "South China Morning Post" gave a rating of 2 out of 5 and said, "There is even less meat to the story than first time around, and some jarring secondary plot lines that try to mix in social commentary are distracting." Greg Wheeler of "The Review Geek" gave a rating of 5 out of 10 and said, "Ultimately though Love Alarm serves up a lukewarm offering that's going to feel colder for fans expecting a red-hot follow-up to what's come before. If you can go in with no expectations, Love Alarm certainly has enough to enjoy, but there's equally nothing here that really stands out. This follow-up uses all the K-drama tricks in the book and does so with very little aplomb. This is one alarm that's very unlikely to ring for a third season." However, the series was generally well-received as it managed to rank as the 6th most watched Korean drama worldwide in Netflix in 2021.


title: Method of loci

text: The method of loci is a strategy for memory enhancement, which uses visualizations of familiar spatial environments in order to enhance the recall of information. The method of loci is also known as the memory journey, memory palace, journey method, memory spaces, or mind palace technique. This method is a mnemonic device adopted in ancient Roman and Greek rhetorical treatises (in the anonymous "Rhetorica ad Herennium", Cicero's "De Oratore", and Quintilian's "Institutio Oratoria"). Many memory contest champions report using this technique to recall faces, digits, and lists of words.


title: Method of loci

text: The term is most often found in specialised works on psychology, neurobiology, and memory, though it was used in the same general way at least as early as the first half of the nineteenth century in works on rhetoric, logic, and philosophy. John O'Keefe and Lynn Nadel refer to:... "the method of loci", an imaginal technique known to the ancient Greeks and Romans and described by Yates (1966) in her book "The Art of Memory" as well as by Luria (1969). In this technique the subject memorizes the layout of some building, or the arrangement of shops on a street, or any geographical entity which is composed of a number of discrete loci. When desiring to remember a set of items the subject 'walks' through these loci in their imagination and commits an item to each one by forming an image between the item and any feature of that locus. Retrieval of items is achieved by 'walking' through the loci, allowing the latter to activate the desired items. The efficacy of this technique has been well established (Ross and Lawrence 1968, Crovitz 1969, 1971, Briggs, Hawkins and Crovitz 1970, Lea 1975), as is the minimal interference seen with its use.


title: Method of loci

text: The items to be remembered in this mnemonic system are mentally associated with specific physical locations. The method relies on memorized spatial relationships to establish order and recollect memorial content. It is also known as the "Journey Method", used for storing lists of related items, or the "Roman Room" technique, which is most effective for storing unrelated information.


title: Method of loci

text: Many effective memorisers today resort to the "method of loci" to some degree. Contemporary memory competition, in particular the World Memory Championship, was initiated in 1991 and the first United States championship was held in 1997. Part of the competition requires committing to memory and recalling a sequence of digits, two-digit numbers, alphabetic letters, or playing cards. In a simple method of doing this, contestants, using various strategies well before competing, commit to long-term memory a unique vivid image associated with each item. They have also committed to long-term memory a familiar route with firmly established stop-points or loci. Then in the competition they need only deposit the image that they have associated with each item at the loci. To recall, they retrace the route, "stop" at each locus, and "observe" the image. They then translate this back to the associated item. For example, Ed Cooke, a Grand Master of Memory, describes to Josh Foer in his book "Moonwalking with Einstein" how he uses the method of loci. First, he describes a very familiar location where he can clearly remember many different smaller locations like his sink in his childhood home or his dog's bed. Cooke also advises that the more outlandish and vulgar the symbol used to memorize the material, the more likely it will stick.


title: Method of loci

text: Memory champions elaborate on this by combining images. Eight-time World Memory Champion Dominic O'Brien uses this technique. The 2006 World Memory Champion, Clemens Mayer, used a 300-point-long journey through his house for his world record in "number half marathon", memorising 1040 random digits in a half-hour. An anonymous individual has used the method of loci to memorise pi to over 65,536 (2) digits.


title: Method of loci

text: The technique is taught as a metacognitive technique in learning-to-learn courses. It is generally applied to encoding the key ideas of a subject. Two approaches are:


title: Method of loci

text: The method of loci has also been shown to help those with depression remember positive, self-affirming memories.


title: Method of loci

text: A study at the University of Maryland evaluated participants' ability to accurately recall two sets of familiar faces, using a traditional desktop, and with a head-mounted display. The study was designed to utilize the method of loci technique, with virtual environments resembling memory palaces. The study found an 8.8% recall improvement in favor of the head-mounted display, in part due to participants being able to employ their vestibular and proprioceptive sensations.


title: Method of loci

text: The "Rhetorica ad Herennium" and most other sources recommend that the method of loci should be integrated with other forms of elaborative encoding (i.e., adding visual, auditory, or other details) to strengthen memory. However, due to the strength of spatial memory, simply mentally placing objects in real or imagined locations without further elaboration can be effective for simple associations.


title: Method of loci

text: A variation of the "method of loci" involves creating imaginary locations (houses, palaces, roads, and cities) to which the same procedure is applied. It is accepted that there is a greater cost involved in the initial setup, but thereafter the performance is in line with the standard loci method. The purported advantage is to create towns and cities that each represent a topic or an area of study, thus offering an efficient filing of the information and an easy path for the regular review necessary for long-term memory storage.


title: Method of loci

text: Something that is likely a reference to the "method of loci" techniques survives to this day in the common English phrases "in the first place", "in the second place", and so forth.


title: Method of loci

text: The technique is also used for second-language vocabulary learning, as polyglot Timothy Doner described in his 2014 TED talk.


title: Method of loci

text: The designation is not used with strict consistency. In some cases it refers broadly to what is otherwise known as the art of memory, the origins of which are related, according to tradition, in the story of Simonides of Ceos and the collapsing banquet hall. For example, after relating the story of how Simonides relied on remembered seating arrangements to call to mind the faces of recently deceased guests, Stephen M. Kosslyn remarks "[t]his insight led to the development of a technique the Greeks called the method of loci, which is a systematic way of improving one's memory by using imagery." Skoyles and Sagan indicate that "an ancient technique of memorization called Method of Loci, by which memories are referenced directly onto spatial maps" originated with the story of Simonides. Referring to mnemonic methods, Verlee Williams mentions, "One such strategy is the 'loci' method, which was developed by Simonides, a Greek poet of the fifth and sixth centuries BC." Loftus cites the foundation story of Simonides (more or less taken from Frances Yates) and describes some of the most basic aspects of the use of space in the art of memory. She states, "This particular mnemonic technique has come to be called the "method of loci". While place or position certainly figured prominently in ancient mnemonic techniques, no designation equivalent to "method of loci" was used exclusively to refer to mnemonic schemes relying upon space for organization.


title: Method of loci

text: In other cases the designation is generally consistent, but more specific: "The Method of Loci is a Mnemonic Device involving the creation of a Visual Map of one's house."


title: Method of loci

text: This term can be misleading: the ancient principles and techniques of the art of memory, hastily glossed in some of the works, cited above, depended equally upon images "and" places. The designator "method of loci" does not convey the equal weight placed on both elements. Training in the art or arts of memory as a whole, as attested in classical antiquity, was far more inclusive and comprehensive in the treatment of this subject.


title: Method of loci

text: Brain scans of "superior memorizers", 90% of whom use the method of loci technique, have shown that it involves activation of regions of the brain involved in spatial awareness, such as the medial parietal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and the right posterior hippocampus. The medial parietal cortex is most associated with encoding and retrieving of information. Patients who have medial parietal cortex damage have trouble linking landmarks with certain locations; many of these patients are unable to give or follow directions and often get lost. The retrosplenial cortex is also linked to memory and navigation. In one study on the effects of selective granular retrosplenial cortex lesions in rats, the researcher found that damage to the retrosplenial cortex led to impaired spatial learning abilities. Rats with damage to this area failed to recall which areas of the maze they had already visited, rarely explored different arms of the maze, almost never recalled the maze in future trials, and took longer to reach the end of the maze, as compared to rats with a fully working retrosplenial cortex.


title: Method of loci

text: In a classic study in cognitive neuroscience, O'Keefe and Nadel proposed "that the hippocampus is the core of a neural memory system providing an objective spatial framework within which the items and events of an organism's experience are located and interrelated." This theory has generated considerable debate and further experiment. It has been noted that "[t]he hippocampus underpins our ability to navigate, to form and recollect memories, and to imagine future experiences. How activity across millions of hippocampal neurons supports these functions is a fundamental question in neuroscience, wherein the size, sparseness, and organization of the hippocampal neural code are debated."


title: Method of loci

text: In a more recent study, memory champions during resting periods did not exhibit specific regional brain differences, but distributed functional brain network connectivity changes compared to control subjects. When volunteers trained use of the method of loci for six weeks, the training-induced changes in brain connectivity were similar to the brain network organization that distinguished memory champions from controls.


title: Method of loci

text: We catch up to him as the swift slippers of his mind pass from the foyer into the Great Hall of the Seasons. The palace is built according to the rules discovered by Simonides of Ceos and elaborated by Cicero four hundred years later; it is airy, high-ceilinged, furnished with objects and tableaux that are vivid, striking, sometimes shocking and absurd, and often beautiful. The displays are well spaced and well lighted like those of a great museum. [...] On the floor before the painting is this tableau, life-sized in painted marble.


title: Four Tops

text: The Four Tops are an American vocal quartet from Detroit who helped to define the city's Motown sound of the 1960s. The group's repertoire has included soul music, R&B, disco, adult contemporary, doo-wop, jazz, and show tunes.


title: Four Tops

text: Founded as the Four Aims, lead singer Levi Stubbs, Abdul "Duke" Fakir, Renaldo "Obie" Benson and Lawrence Payton remained together for over four decades, performing from 1953 until 1997 without a change in personnel. The Four Tops were among a number of groups, including the Miracles, the Marvelettes, Martha and the Vandellas, the Temptations, and the Supremes, who established the Motown Sound heard around the world during the 1960s. They were notable for having Stubbs, a baritone, as their lead singer, whereas most other male and mixed vocal groups of the time were fronted by tenors.


title: Four Tops

text: The group was the main male vocal group for the highly successful songwriting and production team of Holland–Dozier–Holland, who crafted a stream of hit singles for Motown. These included two "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one hits for the Tops: "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)" in 1965 and "Reach Out I'll Be There" in 1966. The group continued to have chart singles into the 1970s, including the million-seller "Ain't No Woman" (1973).


title: Four Tops

text: The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. In 2004, "Rolling Stone" ranked them #79 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.


title: Four Tops

text: All four members of the group began their careers together while they were high-school students in Detroit. At the insistence of their friends, Pershing High students Levi Stubbs and Abdul "Duke" Fakir performed with Renaldo "Obie" Benson and Lawrence Payton from Northern High at a local birthday party. The quartet decided to remain together and named the group the Four Aims. With the help of Payton's songwriter cousin Roquel Davis, the Aims signed to Chess Records in 1956, changing their name to the Four Tops to avoid confusion with the Ames Brothers.


title: Four Tops

text: Over the next seven years, the Tops had unsuccessful tenures at Chess, Red Top, Riverside Records and Columbia Records. Without any hit records to their name, they toured frequently, developing a polished stage presence and an experienced supper club act, as well as supporting Billy Eckstine. In 1963, Berry Gordy, Jr., who had worked with Roquel "Billy" Davis as a songwriter in the late 1950s, convinced the Tops to join the roster of his growing Motown record company.


title: Four Tops

text: During their early Motown years, the Four Tops recorded jazz standards for the company's Workshop Jazz Records label. In addition, they sang backup on Motown singles by the Supremes ("Run, Run, Run", 1964), Martha and the Vandellas (on the 1966 hit "My Baby Loves Me") and others.


title: Four Tops

text: In 1964, Motown's main songwriting and production team, Holland–Dozier–Holland, created a complete instrumental track without any idea of what to do with it. They decided to craft the song as a more mainstream pop song for the Four Tops and proceeded to create "Baby I Need Your Loving" from the instrumental track. On its release in mid-1964, "Baby I Need Your Loving" made it to number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100.


title: Four Tops

text: The first follow-up single, "Without the One You Love (Life's Not Worth While)" (1964), just missed both the pop and R&B Top 40 charts, but "Ask the Lonely" (1965), written and produced by Motown A&R head William "Mickey" Stevenson with Ivy Jo Hunter, was a Top 30 pop hit and a Top 10 R&B hit in early 1965.


title: Four Tops

text: After their first number 1 hit, "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)" in June 1965, the Four Tops released a long series of successful hit singles. Among the first wave of these hits were the Top 10 "It's the Same Old Song" (1965), "Something About You" (1965), "Shake Me, Wake Me (When It's Over)" (1966), and "Loving You Is Sweeter Than Ever" (1966).


title: Four Tops

text: Holland-Dozier-Holland wrote most of Levi Stubbs's vocals in a tenor range, near the top of his range, in order to get a sense of strained urgency in his gospel preacher-inspired leads. They also wrote additional background vocals for a female group, the Andantes, on many of the songs, to add a high end to the low-voiced harmony of the Tops. Ivy Jo Hunter's "Loving You Is Sweeter Than Ever" (1966) was one of a few exceptions.


title: Four Tops

text: August 1966 brought the release of the Four Tops' all-time biggest hit and one of the most popular Motown songs ever. "Reach Out I'll Be There" reached number 1 on the U.S. pop and R&B charts and the UK chart and soon became the Tops' signature song. It was almost immediately followed by the similar-sounding "Standing in the Shadows of Love"; its depiction of heartbreak reflecting the opposite of the optimism in "Reach Out". It was another Top 10 hit for the Tops.


title: Four Tops

text: The Top 10 U.S. hit "Bernadette" centered around a man's all-consuming obsession with his lover, continued the Four Tops' successful run into April 1967, followed by the Top 20 hits "7-Rooms of Gloom", and "You Keep Running Away". By now, the Tops were the most successful male Motown act in the United Kingdom (in the United States, they were second to the Temptations), and began experimenting with more mainstream pop hits. They scored hits with their versions of Tim Hardin's "If I Were a Carpenter" in late 1967 (mid-1968 in the U.S.) and the Left Banke's "Walk Away Renée" in early 1968. These singles and the original "I'm in a Different World" were their last hits produced by Holland-Dozier-Holland, who left Motown in 1967 after disputes with Berry Gordy, Jr.


title: Four Tops

text: Without Holland-Dozier-Holland, the hits became less frequent. The group worked with a wide array of Motown producers during the late 1960s, including Ivy Jo Hunter, Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson, Norman Whitfield and Johnny Bristol, without significant chart success.


title: Four Tops

text: Their first major hit in a long time came in the form of 1970's "It's All in the Game", a pop Top 30/R&B Top Ten hit produced by Frank Wilson. Wilson and the Tops began working on a number of innovative tracks and albums together, echoing Whitfield's psychedelic soul work with the Temptations. Their 1970 album "Still Waters Run Deep" was a forerunner of the concept album. It also served as an inspiration for Marvin Gaye's 1971 classic album "What's Going On", the title track of which was co-written by the Tops' Renaldo "Obie" Benson.


title: Four Tops

text: In addition to their own albums, the Tops were paired with The Supremes, who had just replaced lead singer Diana Ross with Jean Terrell, for a series of albums billed under the joint title "The Magnificent 7" in 1970, and "The Return of the Magnificent Seven" and "Dynamite!" in 1971. Whilst the albums themselves did not perform really well on the charts, "The Magnificent Seven" featured a Top 20 version of Ike & Tina Turner's "River Deep - Mountain High", produced by Ashford & Simpson.


title: Four Tops

text: The 1971 single "A Simple Game" featured backing vocals from members of The Moody Blues. The song did not fare well on the U.S. charts, but reached number three on the UK chart.


title: Four Tops

text: Motown as a company began to change during the early 1970s. Older acts such as Martha and the Vandellas and The Marvelettes were slowly moved aside or dropped to focus on newer acts, such as Michael Jackson and The Jackson 5, Rare Earth, and the now-solo Diana Ross. In addition, the company moved its operations from Detroit to Los Angeles, California, where Berry Gordy, Jr. planned to break into the motion picture and television industries. In 1972, it was announced that the entire company would move west and that all its artists had to move as well. Many of the older Motown acts, already neglected by the label, opted to stay in Detroit, including The Funk Brothers studio backing band, Martha Reeves, and the Four Tops.


title: Four Tops

text: The Tops departed Motown for ABC-Dunhill, where they were assigned to writer-producers Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter and the label's head of A&R, Steve Barri as producer, with The Tops' own Lawrence Payton later also serving as a producer and writer. He also took over lead vocal duties on several tracks.


title: Four Tops

text: The group's first release on the label, "Keeper of the Castle" (1972) was their first pop Top 10 hit since "Bernadette" in 1967. Follow-ups included the 1973 million-selling "Ain't No Woman (Like the One I've Got)", also a top 10 pop hit and their third R&B number 1, and the Top 20 hit, "Are You Man Enough" (1973), (from the 1973 movie "Shaft in Africa"). "Sweet Understanding Love" (1973); "Midnight Flower (1974); and "One Chain Don't Make No Prison" (1974) all reached the R&B Top 10 between 1972 and 1974. Two ABC/Dunhill singles, 1974's "I Just Can't Get You Out of My Mind" and 1975's "Seven Lonely Nights" have become popular tunes in the southeast Beach/Shag Club Dance circuit.


title: Four Tops

text: After the release of "Catfish" (a top 10 R&B hit) in 1976, the major hits started to dry up and the Tops left ABC after an album recorded in Philadelphia with the MFSB musicians resulted in only minor chart success in 1978. The group disappeared from the recording scene until the early 1980s. Signing a deal with Casablanca Records, the Tops made a comeback in 1981 with the number 1 R&B hit "When She Was My Girl". Produced by David Wolfert, it just missed the Billboard pop Top 10, peaking at number 11. The group also scored a UK Top 10 hit with the song and had another hit there with the follow-up, "Don't Walk Away". In 1982, their song "Back to School Again" appeared in both the movie "Grease 2" and its soundtrack.


title: Four Tops

text: By 1983, The Tops had rejoined Motown, where their former ABC-Dunhill producer, Barri was vice-president of A&R. They were featured on the company's 1983 television special "", taking part in one of the highlights of the show - a battle of the bands between The Tops and The Temptations, patterned after similar competitions Berry Gordy, Jr. had staged during the 1960s. Levi Stubbs and Temptation Otis Williams decided the Temptations/Tops battle would be a good one to take on the road, and both groups began semi-regular joint tours.


title: Four Tops

text: The first of The Tops' albums under their new Motown contract was "Back Where I Belong" (1983). A whole side of the album was produced by the Holland-Dozier-Holland production team, including the R&B Top 40 single "I Just Can't Walk Away". Only one more Tops album would be released by Motown, "Magic" in 1985. The lead single from that album, "Sexy Ways", was almost a Top 20 R&B hit, peaking at number 21 in mid-1985. In July of that year, the group performed at the Live Aid concert, singing five of their hit songs.


title: Four Tops

text: The title track of 1988's "Indestructible" was the group's final Top 40 hit, reaching No. 35. It was also featured in the 1988 science-fiction cop film "Alien Nation". Another track, "Loco in Acapulco", written and produced by British pop musician Phil Collins and former Motown composer-producer Lamont Dozier, climbed into the UK Top 10 and made number 7 in early 1989. The Arista contract provided an opportunity to pair Levi Stubbs with fellow Arista artist, another R&B vocalist from Detroit, Aretha Franklin, who was at the height of her own 1980s hit streak. This pairing resulted in the 1988 song "If Ever a Love There Was", which became a popular R&B and Adult Contemporary hit, as well as being featured on the soundtrack of the 1988 motion picture "I'm Gonna Git You Sucka".


title: Four Tops

text: In December 1988, the group was scheduled to return to the U.S for Christmas on Pan Am Flight 103 (a disaster known as the Lockerbie bombing) after completing their European tour. A prolonged recording session and a performance at the British television show "Top of the Pops" caused them to oversleep and miss the ill-fated flight which crashed in Lockerbie, Scotland, after a terrorist bomb was detonated on board. They left London on a later British Airways flight.


title: Four Tops

text: From the late 1980s, the Four Tops focused on touring and live performances. They recorded only one album, returning again to Motown for 1995's "Christmas Here with You". On June 20, 1997, 59-year-old Lawrence Payton died as a result of liver cancer, after singing for 44 years with the Four Tops who, unlike many other Motown groups, never had a single lineup change until then. At first, Levi Stubbs, Renaldo "Obie" Benson, and Abdul "Duke" Fakir toured as a trio called "The Tops". In 1998, they recruited former member of the Temptations Theo Peoples to restore the group to a quartet. By the turn of the century, Stubbs had become ill from cancer; Ronnie McNeir was recruited to fill the Lawrence Payton position and Theo Peoples stepped into Stubbs' shoes as lead singer. Stubbs later died on October 17, 2008 at his home in Detroit.


title: Four Tops

text: The group was featured in several television specials during this time, including "Motown 45", and several by PBS, including a 50th-anniversary concert dedicated to the group (available on DVD). The concert turned out to be bittersweet; it featured a brief appearance of Levi Stubbs using a wheelchair, and a memorial to Lawrence Payton, announced by Renaldo "Obie" Benson. Benson appeared on one more PBS special and died on July 1, 2005, from lung cancer. The final PBS special, titled "Motown: The Early Years", featured a message of Benson's passing following the credits.


title: Four Tops

text: The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990, and into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. In 2004, "Rolling Stone" ranked them #79 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. The Four Tops were inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame in 2005.


title: Four Tops

text: The Four Tops sang the National Anthem before the start of game 5 for the 2011 baseball American League Championship Series (ALCS) between the Texas Rangers & Detroit Tigers on October 13, 2011 in Detroit, MI. When singing the last line of "The Star-Spangled Banner", "... and the home of the brave", they quickly sang the words "Ain't No Country Like the One I Got", before singing the last word, "brave". The Four Tops were honored with an induction into the R&B Music Hall of Fame at the Inaugural ceremony held at Cleveland State University's Waetejen Auditorium on Saturday August 17, 2013.


title: Four Tops

text: The Four Tops were among hundreds of artists whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.


title: Four Tops

text: In early 2018, The Four Tops' 1965 #1 Pop Hit, "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)" became their second song to be inducted into "The Grammy Hall of Fame".


title: Mad TV

text: Mad TV (stylized as MADtv) is an American sketch comedy television series originally inspired by "Mad" magazine. In its initial run, it aired on Fox from 1995 to 2009. After a one-off reunion show in 2015 to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the series, one more eight-episode season was produced and broadcast on The CW in 2016.


title: Mad TV

text: William Gaines, who owned EC Comics and published the American humor magazine "Mad", refused to sell the rights to the magazine as he despised television. In 1995, following Gaines's death three years prior, EC Comics sold the rights to "Mad" to Quincy Jones-David Salzman Entertainment (QDE), which was owned by record producer Quincy Jones and television producer David Salzman.


title: Mad TV

text: Fax Bahr and Adam Small began working as staff writers on the sketch comedy television series "In Living Color" in 1992 after David Alan Grier informed Bahr that showrunner Keenen Ivory Wayans had fired the show's whole staff. Two years later, Bahr and Small co-created "Mad TV" alongside QDE. The series began with 12 writers, including Patton Oswalt, Blaine Capatch, and various writers from "The Ben Stiller Show", as well as a diverse cast of actors: Debra Wilson, Nicole Sullivan, Phil LaMarr, Artie Lange, Craig Anton, Mary Scheer, Bryan Callen, Orlando Jones, and David Herman. Its pilot episode premiered on October 14, 1995 at 11 p.m. on Fox. The network liked the pilot and soon ordered 12 episodes for its first season, which was heavily inspired by the eponymous magazine. It was pre-taped and contained a combination of short live-action sketches, movie parodies, and animated sketches, with "Spy vs. Spy" bumpers appearing in each episode.


title: Mad TV

text: As the series went on, "Mad TV" became focused on pop culture-themed sketches. According to casting director Nicole Garcia, the series "skewed a little more urban". Sketches often featured celebrity impressions, and occasionally contained political satire. After "Mad TV"s first season, Fox rarely promoted the series and frequently made budget cuts, with cast and crew members such as Wilson and Bahr referring to the series as the "redheaded stepchild" of Fox. "The Hollywood Reporter"s James Hibbard wrote prior to its cancellation that "Mad TV" had been "like a distant cousin of [Fox's] other programming" during its runtime. Fox executives often shot down sketch ideas that were viewed admirably by the staff writers, who wanted the show to be "edgy".


title: Mad TV

text: Upon "Mad TV"s debut, fellow late-night sketch comedy series "Saturday Night Live" was having one of its most critically-derided periods. In a review of "Mad TV"s pilot, the "Orlando Sentinel" called "SNL" "a corpse trying to reanimate itself" while praising "Mad TV" as "promising". However, "SNL" quickly bounced back and "Mad TV" typically trailed behind the show in ratings.


title: Mad TV

text: In November 2008, Fox confirmed that "Mad TV"s 326th episode during its shortened 14th season would be its last, telling Salzman that the show was too expensive considering its ratings and time slot. By this point, the series was averaging 2.6 million viewers, which was a 6 percent decrease from the previous year, and was the fourth longest-running Fox series ever after "The Simpsons", "Cops", and "America's Most Wanted". David Salzman said that he would be exploring the continuation of the show on another channel, possibly cable. In early 2009, the show was moved to air after "Talkshow with Spike Feresten", the show that normally followed "MADtv", as a test, before being moved back. The series finale aired on May 16, 2009. The show was nominated for 35 Emmy Awards, winning seven.


title: Mad TV

text: "Mad TV" had a one-hour-long 20th anniversary reunion special, which aired on January 12, 2016. 19 original cast members returned for the special, which garnered 1.7 million viewers.


title: Mad TV

text: A reboot of the series, which was executive produced by Salzman, John R. Montgomery, and Mark Teitelbaum, premiered on The CW on July 26, 2016. The 15th season of the series, it ran for eight episodes and starred eight new cast members: Carlie Craig, Chelsea Davison, Jeremy D. Howard, Amir K, Lyric Lewis, Piotr Michael, Michelle Ortiz and Adam Ray. Various original cast members, including Sullivan, Sasso, Lee, Barinholtz, and Wilson, made cameos. The reboot placed a greater emphasis on political comedy than its predecessor and included parodies of politicians such as Donald Trump and Bill Clinton.


title: Mad TV

text: The reboot received mostly negative reviews from critics. Ray Rahman of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote that it was "inconsistent and lack[ed] any urgency" while "fail[ing] to justify its existence", calling its humor "not just lame, but also stale". Aisha Harris of "Slate" similarly wrote, "In its new, blander incarnation, it’s hard to imagine why "MadTV" needs to exist at all." "IGN"s Jesse Schedeen gave the revival a score of 3.2 out of a 10, writing that it had a "simplistic, toothless brand of humor" and failed "to recapture any of the show's old spark". "The Guardian"s Brian Moylan praised the diversity of the new cast but wrote that it was mostly not funny, while Common Sense Media's Melissa Camacho gave it three out of five stars and wrote, "Fans of the original show will find it funny, but its irreverent humor isn't for everyone."


title: Mad TV

text: "Rolling Stone" placed "Mad TV" on their list of the greatest sketch comedy TV series of all time at number 32 and wrote that the series was "beholden to no one and often about as subtle as Artie Lange laughing at a fart", describing it as a "ceaseless roast".


title: Mad TV

text: "Mad TV" has frequently been compared to "Saturday Night Live". "Rolling Stone" described "Mad TV" as a "more cultish weekend cousin to "Saturday Night Live" aimed squarely at teens", while "IGN" called "Mad TV" "the young, scrappy upstart to "SNL"s elder statesman brand of sketch comedy". Various cast and crew members later stated that "Mad TV" lacked the "cool factor" and "hipness" that "SNL" had, but noted that it instead appealed more to "the average person" and to middle class people of color. Salzman stated that "Mad TV"s racially diverse cast and "urban sensibility" set it apart from "SNL".


title: Krrish 3

text: Krrish 3 is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language superhero film written, produced and directed by Rakesh Roshan, who wrote the screenplay with Honey Irani and Robin Bhatt. It is the third film in the "Krrish" series, following "Koi... Mil Gaya" (2003) and "Krrish" (2006). The film stars Hrithik Roshan, Vivek Oberoi, Priyanka Chopra and Kangana Ranaut. The story follows Krishna Mehra, a.k.a. Krrish and his scientist father, who face an elaborate conspiracy orchestrated by the evil genius Kaal and his gang of mutants, led by the ruthless Kaya.


title: Krrish 3

text: "Krrish 3" was initially scheduled to release as a 3D film. However, due to lack of release time to convert the film to 3D, director Rakesh Roshan mentioned that the film will be released only in the 2D format. "Krrish 3" released worldwide on 1 November 2013. Produced on a budget of , the film grossed worldwide, becoming the 25th highest grossing Indian film of all time. It has received generally positive reviews from critics.


title: Krrish 3

text: Rohit Mehra lives with his son Krishna in Mumbai. Krishna is married to Priya, a journalist for Aaj Tak and Rohit works in a research institute for the Indian government and Krishna, while moonlighting as the superhero "Krrish", is regularly fired from various day jobs due to lack of attendance. Rohit is researching a device that will bring life to dead tissues by the use of solar energy. Despite several attempts, he fails to complete the experiment due to the high intensity of sun rays. On a usual day, Krishna loses his job from the security wing of a company when he hears news about an aeroplane whose front tyres are stuck due to some malfunctioning which creates a high risk, even if landed, it may explode and so will the passengers inside.


title: Krrish 3

text: Krishna immediately changes himself to "Krrish" and saves an Airbus A380 from an accident by holding the landing gear in place to allow the tyres to support the nose of the craft. A few days later, Rohit hears about a deadly disease spreading in Namibia due to a virus whose antidote has not yet been discovered. He consults his friend Dr. Varun Shetty about the situation. Meanwhile, Shetty receives a phone call from Dr. Alok Sen, a scientist working for "Kaal Laboratories" who insists on meeting him in order to reveal information about the virus and its antidote. However, Sen and Shetty are murdered by Kaya, a shapeshifting female mutant. She is the henchwoman of Kaal, a handicapped evil genius who possesses telekinetic powers. Kaal creates a team of human-animal hybrids called "Maanvars", with distinct physical powers in order to cure himself, but to no avail.


title: Krrish 3

text: Later, it is revealed that the virus in Namibia was spread by Kaal himself to incur huge profits by selling its antidote. Rohit discovers that the virus, which is fast spreading through Mumbai, has no effect on Krishna, Priya (who is pregnant with Krishna's child) or himself. Thus, Rohit makes an antidote by using the blood from Krishna's bloodstream which he spreads with the help of explosions. An enraged Kaal sends his mutants to attack Rohit and find about the antidote (as the antidote wouldn't be developed without his own blood). Krrish manages to save Rohit, but Priya is injured and hospitalised. However, Krrish manages to defeat the mutant Striker. Carrying out Kaal's instructions, Kaya shapeshifts into Priya, while Priya is kidnapped by Kaal.


title: Krrish 3

text: Posing as Priya, Kaya leads Krishna to believe that Priya has lost her child, and continues to live with the Mehras. While finding about the truth behind the antidote's formula, she develops feelings towards Krishna. Failing to get answers about Striker's involvement with the virus attack, Rohit travels to Singapore to seek answers from Dr. Siddhant Arya's partner, where he is kidnapped by Kaal's men. Meanwhile, Krishna discovers Priya's kidnapping, where he furiously reveals himself as Krrish to Kaya and asks her to take him to Kaal's laboratory. Having fallen in love with Krishna, Kaya decides to help rescue Priya. At Kaal's laboratory, it is revealed that Kaal is Rohit's son, who was created by an experiment conducted by Dr Arya while Rohit was held hostage by him years earlier.


title: Krrish 3

text: The child was born handicapped and was given away to an orphanage from where he was adopted by a wealthy man. Kaal uses Rohit's bone marrow to successfully cure his handicap. Meanwhile, Kaya saves Priya and unites her with Krishna. However, Kaya is murdered by Kaal for her disloyalty, where he subsequently murders Krrish and dons a metal suit. Deeply disturbed by his son's death, Rohit decides to re-use his failed experiment to bring dead tissues to life in order to save Krishna. However, Rohit absorbs the excess energy himself and transfers his powers to a revived Krishna, thus killing himself. Meanwhile, Kaal threatens to destroy Mumbai if Priya does not surrender to him. Krrish re-emerges and, after several unsuccessful attempts, manages to kill him using Rohit's solar experiment. Six months later, Priya names their newborn son Rohit, who also exhibits superpowers.


title: Krrish 3

text: The film was referred to as both "Krrish 2" and "Krrish 3" in media reports. Hrithik Roshan confirmed in an interview to Rediff.com that on similar lines as with the Rambo franchise (where the first film was named "First Blood", then came "" and then "Rambo 3"), the film will be called "Krrish 3". Rakesh Roshan also clarified the title to Bollywood Hungama. In an interview director Rakesh Roshan said "I can't reveal the budget of the movie, but it has been a very costly film". The film was reportedly produced on a budget of (). Red Chillies VFX, a subdivision of Shah Rukh Khan's motion picture production banner Red Chillies Entertainment, worked on the special effects worth for "Krrish 3". The filming process was completed in June 2012, and then the VFX team started their work.


title: Krrish 3

text: Principal photography began on 1 December 2011 with Vivek Oberoi, Kangana Ranaut and Priyanka Chopra. However, Hrithik Roshan did not participate in the first schedule due to a back injury. The primary location of filming was Filmistan Studios at Mumbai. Actress Shaurya Chauhan had an accident while shooting for the film in Hyderabad, due to which the film had to face some delays. On 29 August 2012, it was reported that, the makers had decided the superhero to indulge in the action sequences in snowy terrains. So, some part of the film was shot in Alps, Switzerland. Filming also took place in Jordan where a song featuring Roshan and Ranaut was shot. Rakesh Roshan stated in an interview that the shooting of Krrish 3 was completed by June 2013 with the VFX took one and half years to complete with the last of them coming on 22 October 2013, just 10 days before the release of the film with each and every VFX action sequence undergoing a revision of 40 to 50 times before inclusion.


title: Krrish 3

text: Following the success of the previous instalments, director Rakesh Roshan planned to develop a second sequel to the franchise, with Hrithik Roshan playing the protagonist again. He had penned the script, but had to re-work it as the storyline was too similar to the Hollywood blockbuster "Spider-Man 3". Priyanka Chopra was later confirmed to reprise the role of Priya. In this film, she will be seen married to Krishna Mehra.


title: Krrish 3

text: Next, Chitrangada Singh announced her inclusion in the project as a mutant but left the film due to unspecified reasons. Later on, Jacqueline Fernandez was signed but she, later on, backed out of the film due to a lack of dates. It was reported that actresses Nargis Fakhri, Esha Gupta and Bipasha Basu were to replace Fernandez. Finally, Kangana Ranaut was confirmed to play the role, who coincidentally was originally offered the role. Rakesh Roshan had earlier revealed to the media that the main antagonist of the film would be as powerful as the hero. After talks with Ajay Devgn and Shah Rukh Khan fell through, Vivek Oberoi was eventually cast for the role. In an interview with Bollywood News Service, Oberoi said, "Kaal is contrary to my nature. I am very friendly and Kaal isn't," and added, "He has anger and vengeance burning within him; he hates humanity. To express these emotions through my eyes was difficult."


title: Krrish 3

text: In January 2011, Lakshmi Manchu claimed to have been offered a role in the film as the antagonist's girlfriend. Its overseas distribution rights were sold to Eros International while Rakesh Roshan retained rights in Mumbai. There was also initial speculation that Rekha would play a major role in the film, which was later denied as a rumour.


title: Krrish 3

text: For the cast's costumes, Rakesh Roshan involved with designer Gavin Miguel. Roshan wanted a light and flexible costume to allow Kangana Ranaut to do her stunts without any restrictions where he stated "She has a lot of toughness in her personality. So instead of looking at feminine superheroes for reference, I looked at Batman". It took three and half hours to apply Ranaut's makeup every day. Oberoi is dressed in a metal suit weighing around 28 kilograms, which required about 2–3 hours and 7-8 workers to fix on the body.


title: Krrish 3

text: The songs of the film are being composed by the legend Rajesh Roshan at Krishna Audio; whilst the background score is being composed by Salim–Sulaiman. The music rights of the film were acquired by T-Series for . The full soundtrack album was released on 18 September 2013 with music composed by Rakesh Roshan. The song "Dil Tu Hi Baata" is the 2nd hit song of multi-talented singer Zubeen Garg in this Bollywood industry.


title: Krrish 3

text: Promotions for the movie started post-July 2013 and the first look of Krrish 3 was unveiled online. Response for the poster was quite enthusiastic from the audience. The first trailer video was published by filmmakers on their official YouTube channel on 5 August 2013. It received more than 2.3 million views at YouTube within its first day of release and thereby surpassing the record held by "Jab Tak Hai Jaan" of 1 million views in one day. "Krrish 3" trailer became the most watched Bollywood trailer on YouTube with 12 million views within two weeks, even eclipsing the trailers for such Hollywood superhero blockbusters as "Thor" (2011) and "The Avengers" (2012). Press reaction has been positive to the teaser trailer with many stating it echoes the look of recent superhero movies from Hollywood such as "Iron Man 3", the "Amazing Spider-Man" and "Man of Steel". Author of "Bollywood: An Insider's Guide", Fuad Omar wrote on his blog that such comparisons were unfair given they were based on comic books and intellectual properties that had been developed over decades. He commented that "Krrish" was very much an original character created by Rakesh Roshan and developed by Filmkraft and so the film and character deserved credit for setting a new standard for an original superhero which has not been seen elsewhere in the world. He also stated that no other filmmaker in India or elsewhere has managed to achieve what Rakesh Roshan and Hrithik Roshan have in completely creating a new character and comes out with a hugely successful franchise that is original and has fueled a fanfare similar to those of comic book heroes yet with Krrish's story still being written with each film. "Krrish 3" was the first Indian film to launch its own official Facebook Emoticons as part of promotion. An official "Krrish 3" game was launched for Windows smartphones, tablets and PCs. The game was developed by Hungama Digital Media Entertainment and Gameshastra.


title: Krrish 3

text: The film was previously expected to release on 4 November 2013 but was brought forward to a 1 November, Diwali release. "Krrish 3" released in over 4000 screens worldwide (3500 screens in India) and nearly 600 screens in key circuits overseas. The film saw its release in around 750 screens in the South India. Particularly in Andhra Pradesh, "Krrish 3" was shown in over 425 screens with the highest being in Nizam, where released in more than 175 screens. The film was dubbed in Telugu and Tamil for release in South Indian states. The distributors of the film released the film in 150-200 screens in the TN and Kerala circuits. The satellite rights were sold to Sony Entertainment Television for .


title: Krrish 3

text: Uday Singh Rajput, a writer from Sagar district in Madhya Pradesh moved the Bombay High Court alleging copyright violation of the script of "Krrish 3" and seeking a stay on the all India release of the film and claiming 20 million compensation. But, the High Court refused to grant relief to the writer.


title: Krrish 3

text: "Krrish 3" has received generally positive reviews, with an average 69% Rotten Tomatoes score based on the 13 reviews. Critics directed praise towards cast performances (particularly Hrithik Roshan, Kangana Ranaut and Vivek Oberoi), VFX, cinematography, background score, direction and entertainment value, but criticism has been directed towards the film's lack of originality, soundtrack and writing.


title: Krrish 3

text: Taran Adarsh of "Bollywood Hungama" gave the film 4.5 out of 5 stars and stated that "the film has all the ingredients that make a splendid superhero film, besides being Rakesh Roshan's most accomplished work so far." Madhureeta Mukherjee of "The Times of India" gave it 4.5 stars while commenting "For sheer vision, bravado and superlative execution, this one soars to new orbits. Latch on to this cape for an exhilarating ride." Raedita Tandan of "Filmfare" awarded it 4 out of 5 stars, remarking "Hats off to Rakesh Roshan for dreaming big and actually pulling off this risky proposition. It's not perfect. But it has all the elements a good, entertaining film must have. All you Marvel superheroes, better watch out. Krrish is here to stay." Anupama Chopra of the "Hindustan Times" gave it 3.5 stars and said, "Filmmaker Rakesh Roshan deserves a round of applause for giving us a homegrown superhero. Krrish 3 is ambitious and exciting." Sarita Tanwar of "DNA" gave it 3.5 stars and wrote, "Krrish 3 is fast-paced and the VFX effects are smashing." Rohit Khilnani of "India Today" gave it 3.5 stars noting, "The only part where the movie dips are during the songs. The music sounds too dated for this action-packed film."


title: Krrish 3

text: The professional review by the critic board of "Box Office India" magazine found "Krrish 3" an industry-defining event movie, stating: ""Krrish 3" is not only a BIG film but transcends expectations. The film makes you proud of how far we, as a film industry, have come. It also makes a bold statement that our industry is at par with Hollywood when it comes to special effects. Rakesh Roshan has incorporated everything a Hindi cine-goers could hope for in this production. It is commercial cinema at its best, with exquisite flavours of action, drama, emotion and thrills. And stitching it all together is content that provides a wide enough canvas that has something for everyone in every age group."


title: Krrish 3

text: Rajeev Masand of "CNN-IBN" gave it 3 out of 5 and stated "I'm going with two-and-a-half stars for the film, and an additional half star just for Hrithik Roshan, which makes it three out of five for Krrish 3. The film is ambitious but flawed. It is, however, consistently watchable for its terrific lead star who you can't take your eyes off, even for a moment". Sukanya Verma of "Rediff.com" gave it 3 out of 5 stars, while adding, "Krrish 3 is an outrageous mishmash of Bollywood sentimentality meets E.T. meets Superman meets X-Men with set pieces, sound design and screenplay structure liberally borrowed from Hollywood's imagination." Aparna Mudi of "Zee News" rated the film 3 stars saying, "'Krrish 3' has all the elements of an entertainer and a lot of potential to have given some serious competition to Hollywood flicks."


title: Krrish 3

text: Saibal Chatterjee of "NDTV" gave the film 2.5 stars stating, "Krrish 3 is, for the most part, impressively ambitious and dazzlingly competent, if not always riveting." Karan Anshuman of "Mumbai Mirror" gave it 2.5 stars and stated that Krrish 3 is a film for kids. Mohar Basu of "Koimoi" gave it 2 stars only and stated that Krrish 3 has absolutely no screenplay with poor acting and over the top dialogue. Shubhra Gupta of "The Indian Express" gave it 2 stars out of 5. Mihir Phadnavis of "Firstpost" stated that "Krrish 3 is the most superficial components of X-Men, Batman, Superman, Spiderman and even Shaktimaan stuffed together." Paloma Sharma of "Rediff.com" panned the film, and gave it "no stars" saying, ""Krrish 3" is astonishingly eager to entertain with its stock of doodads that should amuse if not endear".


title: Krrish 3

text: Mohammad Kamran Jawaid of the "Dawn" gave Krrish 3 a rating of 3/5 stars stating that "so most of it is tiringly clichéd, ripped off from Marvel and DC comics (Krrish's Superman worship is rather blatant) and stick-glued together, it is startling when director Rakesh Roshan's underlying Bollywood-emotionalism compensates the flimsiness of the awkward superhero element from his last film". He closes by saying that the film "is family-friendly stereotypical entertainment".


title: Krrish 3

text: David Chute for the "Variety", applauded "Krrish 3" as "a charming Bollywood superhero movie" from a different perspective and applauded the heart and upbeat spirit of the movie for "not being an audience-pummeling industrial product like most of Hollywood's superhero films." He loved the way "Krrish 3" "has the off-hand, anything-is-possible spirit of a children's book or fairy tale."


title: Krrish 3

text: Lisa Tsering writing for "The Hollywood Reporter" gave the film a negative review saying that "the musical superhero extravaganza is too scary for young viewers and too long-winded for everybody else". She continues that the "effort is admirable and the effects are certainly adequate, but can't compensate for uninteresting, drawn-out action scenes; childish logic and uneven acting, especially by Hrithik Roshan, who as Rohit mouth-breathes and toddles around with his head cocked to one side. Worst of all, the movie is devoid of that one secret ingredient that makes audiences love superhero films: It just isn't cool."


title: Krrish 3

text: "Krrish 3" opened across the country in multiplexes to more than 80 percent occupancy as well as around 90-100 percent attendees at single screens. According to Box Office India, first day collections of all versions were estimated at . The film nett. grossed around , with its (Tamil) and (Telugu) dubbed versions have collected approximately nett on the first day. "Krrish 3" (Hindi) grossed nett on its second day. Box Office India estimated the first weekend collection of , with around nett for its original version, while the dubbed versions grossed another nett approx. The film also recorded the sixth highest opening weekend worldwide as it collected gross. The first Monday business of the Hindi version was estimated at , taking its four-day total to and set a new record for the highest single day collection ever, overtaking the previous record held by "Chennai Express". "Krrish 3" (Hindi) collected around nett on Tuesday to take five-day total past to nett. The film nett. grossed around on Wednesday taking the 6-day Hindi version total to . The film (along with its Tamil and Telugu dubbed versions nett.) grossed around in the first week.


title: Krrish 3

text: The film nett. grossed on the second Friday. "Krrish 3" collected around nett on second Saturday, and on second Sunday to take the Hindi version nett. total to around in ten days. The film's Hindi version earned around nett on its second Monday, on Tuesday, on Wednesday and on Thursday to take its two-week domestic total to nett. The second week thus collected for the Hindi version of "Krrish 3".


title: Krrish 3

text: "Krrish 3" grossed around nett in third weekend to take its Hindi-version total to almost nett in 17 days. The Tamil and Telugu versions added a further nett approx in 17 days to take overall total to .


title: Krrish 3

text: "Krrish 3" grossed nett with its Hindi version after the third week. The fourth week collections were taking the Hindi version's total to around . According to Box Office India, the three versions together earned nett lifetime with the dubbed versions of the film contributing . The lifetime domestic distributor share of the Hindi version was .


title: Krrish 3

text: Critics claimed that the domestic collections were inflated by almost 600 million. Some reputed trade analysts stated that the collections published in trade websites like Bollywood Hungama and Koimoi, which were being shown as nett, were actually gross (including Entertainment tax). Box Office India stated that the domestic nett of the film including Tamil and Telugu versions was . On 7 January 2014, after being miffed over the alleged inflated collections, Hrithik Roshan maintained that "Krrish 3" had done a business of about in India and around overseas.


title: Krrish 3

text: "Krrish 3" did well overseas as it collected around $3.85 million in its first weekend. The film grossed $6.9 million overseas in ten days. It grossed US$7.8 million abroad after seventeen days. The film earned $8.5 million overseas, as of 26 November 2013.


title: Mike Maignan

text: Mike Peterson Maignan (born 3 July 1995) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club AC Milan and the France national team.


title: Mike Maignan

text: Maignan came through the youth teams at Paris Saint-Germain, he was an unused substitute several times but never played. In 2015 he joined Lille for €1 million, and became their first-choice in 2017. He was voted Ligue 1's goalkeeper of the year in 2018–19, and won the league title in 2020–21. He then moved to AC Milan for €15 million, winning Serie A in his first season and making the Team of the Season.


title: Mike Maignan

text: After earning 37 caps for France at youth level, Maignan made his senior international debut in 2020. He was selected in the French squad for UEFA Euro 2020.


title: Mike Maignan

text: Maignan played in the lower categories of Paris Saint-Germain before being promoted in 2013 to the first team. He participated in the 2013–14 UEFA Youth League in which his team reached the quarter-finals, being eliminated by Real Madrid.


title: Mike Maignan

text: In June 2013 Maignan signed his first professional contract, of three years. On 18 December, he was in a matchday squad for the first time, sitting on the bench for Nicolas Douchez in a 2–1 win over Saint-Étienne in the last 16 of the Coupe de la Ligue. On 19 January 2014 he was included in a Ligue 1 game for the first time, remaining unused as Salvatore Sirigu played in a 5–0 win over Nantes at the Parc des Princes.


title: Mike Maignan

text: In August 2015, Maignan transferred to fellow Ligue 1 club Lille for €1 million on a five-year deal. He made his professional debut on 18 September in a 1–1 draw at Rennes, as a substitute for Yassine Benzia after Vincent Enyeama was sent off in the 69th minute. With his first touch, he saved the penalty from Paul-Georges Ntep; however, in five minutes, he conceded a goal from the same player.


title: Mike Maignan

text: At the start of the 2017–18 season, manager Marcelo Bielsa dropped the experienced Enyeama for Maignan. In the second game of the season, a 3–0 loss at Strasbourg, he was sent off for throwing the ball at an opponent and striker Nicolas de Préville had to go in goal for the final minutes. The following season, he was an ever-present as Lille finished as runners-up to PSG, and was elected Goalkeeper of the year in the Trophées UNFP du football. His record was 30 goals conceded, 17 clean sheets, 233 saves and three penalties saved.


title: Mike Maignan

text: In 2020–21, Maignan won the Ligue 1 title, beating his former club PSG on the final day by one point. Maignan finished the season with 21 clean sheets, one short of the league record.


title: Mike Maignan

text: On 27 May 2021, Maignan agreed to sign for Serie A club AC Milan on a five-year contract, effective from 1 July. He arrived for a reported fee of €15 million, as a replacement for PSG-bound Gianluigi Donnarumma. He made his debut on 23 August, a 1–0 win at Sampdoria.


title: Mike Maignan

text: On 19 September in a league match against Juventus, Maignan was the victim of verbal racial abuse by a Juventus supporter; he responded by calling himself "black and proud". The supporter was later identified and reported to police, and expelled from the Juventus Club Castagnaro fan club.


title: Mike Maignan

text: On 13 October 2021, Maignan underwent surgery to his left wrist injury and he was expected to be out of action for ten weeks, but returned to the field after six weeks. He made crucial saves against Inter, to help his team win a narrow 2–1 derby on 5 February.


title: Mike Maignan

text: Eight days later, he assisted Rafael Leão's goal in a 1–0 win against Sampdoria, being the first assist made by an AC Milan goalkeeper in Serie A since Dida in 2006.


title: Mike Maignan

text: Maignan was awarded the trophy for Best Goalkeeper in Serie A ahead of the last match of the season on 22 May 2022. Milan won the game 3–0 win away to Sassuolo for their first league title since 2011; it was his record 17th clean sheet of the season.


title: Mike Maignan

text: Maignan played for France at every level from under-16 to under-21. He captained the under-17 side at the 2012 European Championship in Slovenia. He received his first senior call-up in May 2019, ahead of UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers against Turkey and Andorra and a friendly with Bolivia. He made his debut on 7 October 2020 as a half-time substitute for Steve Mandanda in a friendly against Ukraine, which ended as a 7–1 win at the Stade de France. In May 2021, he was called up for the delayed Euro 2020 finals.


title: Mike Maignan

text: On 6 June 2022, Maignan made his competitive international debut in a 1–1 UEFA Nations League draw away to Croatia, conceding a late penalty by Andrej Kramarić. Calf injuries in September and October that year ruled him out of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: General elections were held in Serbia on 3 April 2022 to elect both the president and members of the National Assembly. Initially, parliamentary elections were scheduled to be held in 2024; however, in October 2020 president Aleksandar Vučić stated that snap parliamentary elections would be held in or before April 2022. In addition to the general elections, local elections were held simultaneously in 12 municipalities and 2 cities, including Belgrade.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) came to power in 2012 after forming a government with the Socialist Party of Serbia. They won a supermajority of seats following the 2020 parliamentary election, which was boycotted by the major opposition Alliance for Serbia that claimed that "the election would not be free and fair". Vučić, who was elected president in 2017, faced protests during his first term, most notably during 2018–2020 and in July 2020. Vučić also oversaw the inter-party dialogues regarding electoral conditions which took place in 2021, while the agreement regarding the conditions between government and opposition parties was reached in October 2021. Over the course of 2021 and early 2022, environmental protests were also held, with its climax being reached in November and December 2021. The government also held a referendum regarding the implementation of constitutional changes in January 2022 which was approved by 60% of the voters, although the turnout sat at 30%.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The campaign period was met with polarization. Some organizations had noted that the ruling party dominated the media, although, news channels had also organized debates and political program presentations during the period. Opposition parties also solidified their presence in the elections, such as the United for the Victory of Serbia (UZPS) coalition that received the greatest support amongst opposition parties in opinion polls. The Republic Electoral Commission confirmed that 19 parliamentary lists and eight presidential candidates registered to participate in the general elections.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: Vučić won 60% of the votes in the first round of the presidential election, while the UZPS candidate Zdravko Ponoš placed second. The coalition around SNS lost its majority in the National Assembly, although 12 ballot lists had entered the National Assembly. Multiple non-governmental organizations noted the occurrence of election irregularities during the election day. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe monitoring mission evaluated that fundamental freedoms were largely respected, and voters were presented with diverse political options, but a number of shortcomings resulted in an uneven playing field, favoring the incumbents. Ana Brnabić, who has been the prime minister since 2017, and her cabinet were inaugurated in October 2022.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: A populist coalition led by the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) came to power after the 2012 parliamentary election, along with the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS). Aleksandar Vučić, who was appointed as deputy prime minister in 2012, was elected prime minister after the 2014 election, and finally elected as president in 2017, winning 55% of the popular vote. Since he came to power, observers have assessed that Serbia has suffered from democratic backsliding into authoritarianism, followed by a decline in media freedom and civil liberties. Mass protests began after his election in 2017 due to the dominant control of Serbia's media by Vučić. Subsequently, he appointed Ana Brnabić as the new head of government, who initially served as an independent but later joined SNS in 2019.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: Numerous government affairs triggered the start in late November 2018 of long-lasting anti-government protests, which ended in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. These protests helped to strengthen the unity of opposition forces, of which the Alliance for Serbia (SzS) was the biggest and most prominent, while demonstrators demanded the resignation of Vučić and other senior officials. Parallel to this, Vučić launched the "Future of Serbia" campaign in 2019. SzS declared that they would boycott the 2020 parliamentary election, citing that the conditions weren't free and fair; this decision was also adopted by other major opposition parties.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The SNS-led ballot list, named "For Our Children", won a supermajority of votes and seats in the June 2020 parliamentary election, while the government was formed in late October 2020. Following the election, Vučić stated that snap parliamentary elections will be held before April 2022. Shortly after the election ended, protests erupted in Belgrade. These anti-government protests were marked with police brutality and violence orchestrated by the government, while the protesters were divided between taking peaceful and violent approaches. The protests lasted until early August, while some sporadic protests continued to be organized until late 2020. SzS was challenged with inter-coalition conflicts that remained active until its dissolution in August 2020. The United Opposition of Serbia (UOPS) was formed as a direct successor to the SzS shortly after. The coalition was also faced with inter-coalition conflicts, and due to their ideological differences, the coalition ended up being dissolved between December 2020 and January 2021. It was split into two blocs, which were headed by the Party of Freedom and Justice (SSP) and People's Party (Narodna).


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The dialogues between opposition and government parties to improve election conditions began on 28 April 2021. Some parties decided to not participate in talks with delegators from the European Parliament. Parties that declined to take part in talks with delegators from the European Parliament were a part of work board dialogues, which began on 18 May 2021. Initially, the talks with delegators from the European Parliament were supposed to begin in early June, although the talks began on 9 July.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: Members of the European Parliament Tanja Fajon, Vladimír Bilčík and Knut Fleckenstein met with Vučić in Belgrade on 9 July. Soon after, the discussion began with Vladimir Orlić, Sandra Božić, and Marijan Rističević representing SNS. After the meeting, delegators filed a proposal to improve electoral conditions. The draft document was released to the parties on 1 September. SSP, Narodna, Movement for Reversal (PZP), Movement of Free Citizens (PSG), New Party (Nova), and the Together for Serbia (ZZS) opposition political parties criticized the draft document, while Vučić stated that "he isn't thrilled" with the document. Vučić and Dačić met again with the delegators on 17 September; Vučić and Đorđe Milićević, the head of the SPS parliamentary group, confirmed that they would accept the suggestions in the new draft document. Opposition political parties rejected the draft and abandoned the dialogues. Dačić announced that the government accepted the suggestions of forming a media monitoring body and the change in the composition of the Republic Electoral Commission (RIK). On 20 September, Dačić stated that the inter-party dialogue with the participation of delegators from the European Parliament had ended.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: On 27 August, Dačić announced that the electoral threshold would remain at 3 percent. In early September, political parties that took part in work board dialogues had received the draft document regarding the improvement of electoral conditions. Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS), Dveri, and POKS gave mixed responses to the document. The signatory meeting was initially supposed to be held on 11 September, although it was later delayed to late October. Representatives of DSS, Dveri, POKS, Enough is Enough (DJB), Healthy Serbia (ZS), and Serbian Radical Party (SRS) took part in the signatory meeting which was held on 29 October. In the final document, it was agreed that the minimum number of collected signatories for minority ballot lists would be set to 5,000; more funding would be given to participants in elections; the obligation to post a financial guarantee for the participants would be abolished; the right of free use of all halls of local communities for pre-election activities for opposition parties would be given; electoral campaigns would be prohibited ten days before the election date; fees would be increased for members of polling stations; and the Regulatory Body of Electronic Media (REM) and Election Commission would receive composition changes. SNS declined to separate the election dates for the 2022 general election and to change rules regarding the ballot representatives, although it had offered to not open any "roads and factories" a week before the election date.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: Shortly after the 2020 parliamentary election, the government had submitted a proposal to change the constitution to the National Assembly. The National Assembly adopted the proposal in December 2020, while the document received further amendments up to June 2021. In order for the proposed changes to be adopted, a referendum needed to take place; it was initially announced that it would be held in fall of 2021, although the date was later settled for 16 January 2022. In November 2021, changes to the law on referendum and people's initiative were adopted by the National Assembly; the changes would abolish the 50% turnout that was needed for referendums to be considered valid. Vučić signed the law on 25 November, although the law was also amended in December 2021.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: SNS and SPS voiced their support for the constitutional changes, while the opposition remained divisive. A majority of opposition parties stated their opposition to the changes and called for citizens to vote against the proposed changes, while SSP, Democratic Party (DS), and Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak (SDA S) called to boycott the referendum. Nevertheless, analysts had concluded that the campaign would be restrained due to the April 2022 general election and that a possibility of abuse of the referendum would be possible. In the end, majority of voters voted in favor of changes, although the turnout was reported to be only at 30%. A majority of voters in Belgrade, Novi Sad and Niš voted against the proposed changes. Irregularities were reported at voting stations, while some non-governmental organizations, such as CRTA, and opposition parties, such as DJB, claimed voter fraud.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: Rio Tinto, an Anglo-Australian mining corporation, had operated in Serbia since 2004 and it explored mines near the Jadar Valley. The government of Serbia signed an agreement in 2017 to implement Project Jadar, which would give Rio Tinto permission to exploit the jadarite mineral. Environmental protests in Serbia were held as early as in January 2021, although the protests that began in September 2021 garnered national attention. Environmental organizations and groups demanded the government to withdraw the referendum and expropriation laws, as well as to cancel Project Jadar. The protests resumed in November, and it reached its peak in late November and early December. A series of roadblocks protests were held during that period and they ended up turning violent. Following the protests in early December, the government withdrew the expropriation law and abolished the spatial plan for Project Jadar. Protests were organized up to 15 February 2022. Protests in support were also organized internationally. The government criticized the protests and its organizers.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The president of Serbia is elected using the two-round system and has a term of five years, although it is limited to two terms in any order of service. If no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second is held. A person willing to become an official candidate needs to collect 10,000 signatures. In addition, to become a candidate, a person needs to be at least 18 years old and to possess Serbian citizenship, while it is not necessary to have been born in Serbia.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The 250 members of the National Assembly are elected by closed-list proportional representation from a single nationwide constituency. Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method with an electoral threshold of 3% of all votes cast, although the threshold is waived for ethnic minority parties. Minority ballots need at least 5,000 signatories in order to qualify on ballot while non-minority ballots need 10,000. As of 2020, 40% of the candidates on the electoral lists must be female.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The National Assembly adopted the proposal for its dissolution on 14 February. A day later, Dačić called local elections, while Vučić then dissolved the National Assembly and called parliamentary elections to be held on 3 April 2022. Presidential elections were called on 2 March. The Serbian diaspora was able to vote in 34 countries, although, elections in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States were held on 2 April due to time zone differences. Albin Kurti, the prime minister of Kosovo, stated that his government would try to find a solution for the elections with ambassadors of European Union, and he also expressed his support that Kosovar Serbs who possess Serbian citizenship should have the right to vote in the general election. The Republic Electoral Commission (RIK) had announced that Kosovar Serbs would have the right to vote in four municipalities in Serbia.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The table below lists political parties represented in the National Assembly after the 2020 parliamentary election.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The following were the official electoral lists published by the Republic Electoral Commission (RIK). Four additional electoral lists were rejected by RIK.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The following were the official presidential candidates published by the Republic Electoral Commission (RIK). Random draw was held on 18 March.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The following people confirmed their candidacies, although they had either withdrawn due to obstructions or they failed to collect enough signatures.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The following individuals were the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy, but had publicly denied interest in running.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: Non-governmental organizations assessed that polarization was present during the electoral campaign period. The Bureau of Social Research (BIRODI) claimed that the pro-government media dominated during the period, while Transparency Serbia claimed that the ruling party had a significant domination in the media. According to multiple researches that were conducted by BIRODI, the media "turned into means of propaganda", which is contrary to the actual role of the media in the electoral process. CRTA stated that the electoral campaign period was allegedly in worse conditions than the one from the 2020 parliamentary election. The pre-election delegation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) had stated that the atmosphere during the campaign remained calm and that all political contestants were able to campaign freely. It had also expressed concern over possible pressure on voters and fear of irregularities on election day. The Temporary Supervisory Body, which is operated by the Regulatory Body for Electronic Media (REM), claimed that BIRODI and CRTA published claims which were not substantiated.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: In order to boost the electoral turnout, CRTA cooperated with the "Nova S" television channel by creating the show. The Radio Television of Serbia (RTS), among other news channels, organized debates and program presentations during the campaign. Multiple non-governmental organizations also announced their participation in monitoring the elections, such as ENEMO, CRTA, CeSID, OSCE, and delegates from PACE. Opposition parties also hired election controllers in order to lower the potential of electoral fraud; CRTA announced that it had hired 3,000 election observers for the election. During the last campaign week, organizations noted the appearance of "phantom voters", signaling potential electoral fraud. The election silence began on 1 April, and it lasted until the closure of polling stations on 3 April. Transparency Serbia noted that the campaign period was the most expensive one since 2004.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: SNS and its coalition partners secured a supermajority in the parliament after the 2020 parliamentary election, with no official opposition represented in the parliament itself. In early May 2021, Vučić sent a proposal to Aleksandar Šapić, the leader of the Serbian Patriotic Alliance (SPAS), about the merger of two parties. Šapić announced his willingness to merge his party into SNS, and the merge occurred on 26 May. He was subsequently promoted to vice-president of SNS, while its MPs joined the SNS-led parliamentary group in early June. SNS had also affirmed its position to continue their cooperation with the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), with whom they have been in government since 2012. After a meeting in January 2022, it was announced to the public that they would participate with a joint presidential candidate while participating on separate ballot lists for the parliamentary election. In February, Dačić was chosen as the SPS ballot representative, while Vučić was chosen as SNS ballot representative.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The Alliance for Serbia (SzS), a major opposition alliance that boycotted the 2020 parliamentary election, was transformed into the United Opposition of Serbia (UOPS) in August 2020. It remained divisive, and it was later dissolved between December 2020 and January 2021. The parties re-continued their cooperation in mid-2021, and in October 2021, the Party of Freedom and Justice (SSP) announced that it would be forming a joint opposition coalition. Talks about the formation were held until 23 November, after which it was announced to the public that SSP would lead the coalition alongside the Democratic Party (DS), People's Party (NS), Movement of Free Citizens (PSG) and other minor parties and movements. Marinika Tepić was chosen as their parliamentary representative. It was officially formalized in February 2022, under the name of United for the Victory of Serbia (UZPS).


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: Dveri, which was a part of the SzS coalition, declined to join their list, and instead it formed the "Patriotic Bloc" with minor right-wing parties in December 2021. The Enough is Enough (DJB) party had also announced their participation in the election, and in late November, they began cooperating with Healthy Serbia (ZS) and the anti-vax "I live for Serbia" movement in order to form a "Sovereignist Bloc".


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: In June 2021, Nebojša Zelenović, the leader of the Together for Serbia (ZZS) party formed a coalition named "Action" in which 28 minor environmentalist civic groups and political movements joined due to their support for the "Green Agreement for Serbia". Activist Aleksandar Jovanović Ćuta announced in mid-November that the "Ecological Uprising" movement would participate in the elections, and on 14 November, he signed an agreement with Zelenović to participate on a joint list. The Do not let Belgrade drown (NDB) movement had also agreed to join their coalition, which was formalized in January 2022, under the name We Must.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: A right-wing coalition was supposed to be formed in which POKS, National Network (NM) led by Vladan Glišić, Serbian Party Oathkeepers (SSZ) and Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS) would take part, although this idea was dismissed, and a coalition and party protocol were formed and signed shortly after. In January 2021, DSS and POKS signed an agreement, and in May, with 19 other movements and civic groups, they formed the National Democratic Alternative (NADA), while far-right parties NM and SSZ signed a protocol between two parties in February 2021. At the time of the general election, the POKS leadership remained disputed, although the faction around Žika Gojković legally claimed the leadership of the party.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: In May 2021, the Social Democratic Party (SDS), led by Boris Tadić, signed a protocol with the centrist coalition "Toleration". In November, it was announced that Democrats of Serbia, a splinter from DS which was formed in February 2021, would merge into SDS; the merge was formalized in February 2022. In late May, the New Party (Nova) formed a coalition with a minor movement led by Marko Bastać, but the coalition was later dissolved in September. Later during 2021, SDS formed a coalition with Nova and the Civic Democratic Forum (GDF). Tadić presented his coalition in late February 2022, which included Nova and five minor movements.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The campaign period began shortly after the dissolution of the National Assembly. Parties that took part in the environmental protests stated their opposition to Rio Tinto during the electoral campaign, while some parties, such as the Serbian Radical Party (SRS), stated its support. Although according to CeSID, following the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, environmental issues had almost disappeared from the public. CeSID also stated that campaign issues were also concentrated on fight against corruption and rule of law. On the other hand, BIRODI has stated that issues around national interests, economy, and infrastructure were talked about the most. The organization also commented that issues regarding European Union integrations had received the smallest amount of coverage.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) began campaigning shortly after the dissolution of the National Assembly on 15 February. It managed to collect around 60,000 signatures that were later submitted to RIK on 16 February, and its ballot list was confirmed a day later. Its first campaign rally was held in Merošina. After its first rally, SNS continued its campaign in other regions of Serbia. SNS announced Vučić as its presidential candidate on 6 March. During the campaign, Vučić had spent about 6 million euros.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: Ivica Dačić, the leader of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), stated on 16 February that the party had collect more than 20,000 signatures for the parliamentary list. Its list was confirmed by RIK a day later. SPS has stated its support for Vučić as their joint presidential candidate. During the campaign, Dačić stated its opposition to NATO and he expressed support for greater cooperation with China and Russia. SPS had also described itself as a "patriotic party", and during a campaign rally Dačić stated that "SPS equals stability, continuity, and tradition". Toma Fila, who was the ballot carrier for the Belgrade City Assembly election, stated his support for pensioners' interests. The SPS-led coalition also received support from organizations such as Biogen, Environmental Movement of Beočin, and Democratic Union of Romas. In the first two weeks of the electoral campaign, SPS received US$500,000 in donations for their campaign.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (VMSZ/SVM) managed to collect around 9,000 signatures, while its ballot list was confirmed on 18 February. Its ballot representative Bálint Pásztor stated that the position of national minorities should be at a higher level. He had stated their support for Fidesz, the ruling party of Hungary. Pásztor had also stated that his party is ready to cooperate with the government in order to finish multiple projects in Subotica. VMSZ had stated its support for Vučić for the presidential election.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: Over 11,000 signatures were collected by the Serbian Radical Party (SRS), and their ballot list was confirmed on 18 February. Vojislav Šešelj was chosen as the ballot representative; he stated his support for Vučić regarding the presidential election. During the campaign, Šešelj stated that the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic should be recognized by Serbia. The party also stated its opposition to military neutrality, and that instead stated Serbia should cooperate with Russia and BRICS countries. It also stated that "anti-Serbian non-governmental organizations" should be banned from being financed. SRS had also noted that state aid should be provided for domestic economy and agriculture, and that the excise tax on fuel for domestic farmers should be abolished. It had also stated its support for the reform of the Labor Law and its commitment to expanding basic healthcare.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The United for the Victory of Serbia (UZPS) coalition submitted 13,000 signatures on 18 February. UZPS nominated Zdravko Ponoš as its presidential candidate. Its campaign began on 22 February, while its last campaign rally was held on 31 March. UZPS campaigned on the formation of technocratic teams and an anti-corruption body, and it voiced support for lustration, transparency, and social justice.


title: 2022 Serbian general election

text: The National Democratic Alternative (NADA) coalition submitted 12,000 signatures on 19 February. NADA nominated Miloš Jovanović, the leader of the Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS), as its presidential candidate. NADA campaign against imposing sanctions on Russia.