title: Performance indicator

text: Key performance indicators are mostly the non-financial measures of a company's performance – they do not have a monetary value but in a business context they do contribute to the company's profitability.


title: Performance indicator

text: Many of these customer KPIs are developed and managed with customer relationship management software.


title: Performance indicator

text: Faster availability of data is a competitive issue for most organizations. For example, businesses that have higher operational/credit risk (involving for example credit cards or wealth management) may want weekly or even daily availability of KPI analysis, facilitated by appropriate IT systems and tools.


title: Performance indicator

text: Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is a set of broadly accepted nonfinancial metrics that reflect manufacturing success.


title: Performance indicator

text: Most professional services firms (for example, management consultancies, systems integration firms, or digital marketing agencies) use three key performance indicators to track the health of their businesses. They typically use professional services automation (PSA) software to keep track of and manage these metrics.


title: Performance indicator

text: Businesses can utilize KPIs to establish and monitor progress toward a variety of goals, including lean manufacturing objectives, minority business enterprise and diversity spending, environmental "green" initiatives, cost avoidance programs and low-cost country sourcing targets. In a warehouse, the manager will use KPIs that targets maximizing the facility, like the receiving and put away KPIs to measure the receiving efficiency and the putaway cost per line. Storage KPIs can also be used to determine the efficiency of the storage space and the carrying cost of the inventory.


title: Performance indicator

text: Any business, regardless of size, can better manage supplier performance with the help of KPIs robust capabilities, which include:


title: Performance indicator

text: Suppliers can implement KPIs to gain an advantage over the competition. Suppliers have instant access to a user-friendly portal for submitting standardized cost savings templates. Suppliers and their customers exchange vital supply chain performance data while gaining visibility to the exact status of cost improvement projects and cost savings documentation.


title: Performance indicator

text: The provincial government of Ontario, Canada has been using KPIs since 1998 to measure the performance of higher education institutions in the province. All post-secondary schools collect and report performance data in five areas – graduate satisfaction, student satisfaction, employer satisfaction, employment rate, and graduation rate. In England, Public Health England uses KPIs to provide a consistent measure of the performance of NHS population screening activities, and publication of up to four main KPIs for the most important contracts outsourced by each UK government department is seen as a measure helping to increase transparency in the delivery of public services.


title: Performance indicator

text: In practice, overseeing key performance indicators can prove expensive or difficult for organizations. Some indicators such as staff morale may be impossible to quantify. As such, dubious KPIs can be adopted that can be used as a rough guide rather than a precise benchmark.


title: Performance indicator

text: Key performance indicators can also lead to perverse incentives and unintended consequences as a result of employees working to the specific measurements at the expense of the actual quality or value of their work.


title: Performance indicator

text: Sometimes, collecting statistics can become a substitute for a better understanding of the problems, so the use of dubious KPIs can result in progress in aims and measured effectiveness becoming different. For example, during the Vietnam War, US soldiers were shown to be effective in kill ratios and high body counts, but this was misleading when used to measure aims as it did not show the lack of progress towards the US goal of increasing South Vietnamese government control of its territory. Another example would be to measure the productivity of a software development team in terms of lines of source code written. This approach can easily add large amounts of dubious code, thereby inflating the line count but adding little value in terms of systemic improvement. A similar problem arises when a footballer kicks a ball uselessly to build up their statistics.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Ben Lievesley Collins (born 13 February 1975) is a racing driver from Bristol, England. He has competed in motor racing since 1994 in many categories, from Formula Three and Indy Lights to sportscars, GT racing and stock cars.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins was placed second in the Marlboro Masters Formula 3 championship event in 2000. He set the pace at the 2001 Le Mans 24 hours race in his first season for approximately four hours during the rain at night. After winning the European Stock Car Championship in 2003 ASCAR stock car racing he was signed by PDM Racing to do selected rounds of the 2004 Indy Racing League, but the car never appeared. In 2005, he competed in the British GT Championship in a Porsche 996 GT3, winning races on the way before moving up to the FIA GT Series with Ascari where he led races and scored several pole positions.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In addition to racing, Collins' company Collins Autosport Limited provides precision and stunt driving services, particularly for BBC Television, including "Top Gear" and "Top Gear Live", as well as for the film industry, such as driving James Bond's car in "Quantum of Solace" and "Casino Royale", and Eve Moneypenny's car in "Skyfall".


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In August 2010, "The Sunday Times" alleged that Collins may be one of the identities of The Stig—an otherwise unidentified presenter on the "Top Gear" show—on the basis of financial filing made by the Collins Autosport company. On 1 September 2010 the BBC was refused a court injunction preventing Collins from publishing an autobiography revealing himself to be The Stig. On 1 October 2010, it was announced that Collins would join "Fifth Gear" as a presenter. In 2012 Collins joined as co-presenter of Polish TVN's "Automaniak". In February 2014, he was added to the 'Drivers Club' of the newly formed Formula E series, but did not compete in the inaugural 2014–15 season.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins was born in Bristol, but spent the first ten years of his life in California in the US, where his father worked for a distribution company. Collins attended Blundell's School and after studying law at the University of Exeter, he spent around four years serving in the British Army, serving some of his time as a Special Forces driving instructor. His racing career started in 1994. He worked for Hornby as brand manager of the "Scalextric" model slot car division. Collins continued to live in Bristol.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins has competed in motorsport since 1994. In 1995 he competed in Formula Vauxhall Junior, finishing third overall with two wins and eight podiums. He also competed in the Formula Opel Winter Series, placing second overall driving for Sir Jackie Stewart who commented in "Autosport Magazine", "When you see the likes of Ben Collins in Formula One, remember you saw them here first". The following season he competed briefly in Formula Vauxhall for Martin Donnelly, scoring a 2nd-place finish in the opening round at Donington Park - Martin remarked that "Ben is an aggressive driver with phenomenal natural speed."


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins moved onto the British Formula 3 Championship in 1996. In 1997, he finished eighth in the standings driving for Fortec Motorsport, and also finished eighth in the Macau Grand Prix. After another year in Formula Three in 1998, Collins raced in the American Indy Lights series in 1999, finishing thirteen in the standings. For 2000, he returned to British F3 to drive for Carlin Motorsport, once again finishing eighth. He also finished second in the 2000 Masters of Formula 3 race at Zandvoort.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins has been a test driver for racing manufacturer Ascari during Ascari A10 development, and undertaken testing of Formula One cars.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In 2001, Collins raced in the FIA Sportscar Championship for Team Ascari, with Werner Lupberger, the pair winning at Donington Park and finishing joint sixth in the standings. The team also raced at the 2001 24 Hours of Le Mans. Collins also finished sixth at the 2002 12 Hours of Sebring for Ascari.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In 2003, Collins raced in the ASCAR European Oval racing series with RML, winning six races on his way to being crowned champion. He continued racing in the series in 2004.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins returned to sportscars in 2005 to race in the British GT Championship and FIA GT Championship with Embassy Racing, placing 3rd in the series.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In 2009 Collins was named as an endurance driver for Australian V8 Supercars team, Kelly Racing/Jack Daniel's Racing, partnering with Nathan Pretty.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In the 2010 Le Mans Series season, he was racing for RML AD Group. His first race for the team was the 2010 1000 km of Algarve, finishing fourth overall and winning the LMP2 class. He remained with the team for the next round, the 2010 1000 km of Hungaroring, where they finished fourth in both class and overall.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins competed in the final meeting of the 2010 Dunlop MSA British Touring Car Championship, driving a BMW for the Motorbase Performance team. He finished his first race in 14th and bettered that with a 12th in his second. However he retired in the third and he never returned the following season.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In 2021, Collins once again found himself behind a racing wheel as he took part in the Britcar Praga Championship alongside ex-SAS and Who Dares Wins star Jay Morton and Angus Fender. The pair drive the 85 car, nicknamed Blade. They're currently P7 in the championship on 114 points as of the cancelled meet at Brands Hatch in July.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins is a regular writer for "Autosport" magazine testing the latest racing cars, has written for "The Sunday Times", fronted Sky Sports' televised NASCAR coverage, along with appearances on the British car-focused television programmes "Top Gear" (BBC Two), "Pulling Power" (ITV1) and "driven" (Channel 4).


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: He worked as a precision-driver in the film "" where he doubled for the actor Nicolas Cage and drove in some of the high-speed sequences in London. As a precision-driver in the 2008-film "Quantum of Solace", Collins drove James Bond's Aston Martin DBS as a stunt double for Daniel Craig in the lead role. He has also worked as a stunt driver on Skyfall and Spectre.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: He also holds a World Record for the maximum distance of driving a car on two wheels (a manoeuvre called "skiing").


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins presented television programme "Xtreme Teen Drivers", shown on BBC Three on 15 December 2007; as an advanced driving instructor within the programme, he was trying to teach a young boy racer to drive more safely.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins' company Ben Collins Auto-sport has provided its logistics and third-party liability insurance for prize-winner track day events promoted by "Top Gear" magazine.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins has appeared on the popular BBC television programme "Top Gear" as himself, with his company providing drivers and driving services since December 2003. In Series 2 Episode 10, Collins appeared as one member of "BBC Top Gear"-team in the 24-hour Citroën 2CV racing event. The team finished thirteenth, out of thirty four cars, 24 laps behind the leaders, with Collins setting the fastest lap.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In 2004, Collins made an appearance during the fourth series of "Top Gear", alongside parachutist Tim Carter. The stunt involved Carter and an aerial cameraman jumping out of a Cessna light aircraft then landing in the open-topped Mercedes car being driven at a speed by Collins. The open-top car was introduced as belonging to Collins and had earlier been used, driven by The Stig, during a wig test in Series 3 Episode 5.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In 2004, the driver featured in the second episode of series five, driving a Lancer Evo VII and then a Bowler Wildcat vehicle in a rally race against mountain boarding world champion Tom Kirkman


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: At the start of series six, Collins appeared with other British Touring Car Championship racing and stunt drivers for a Five-a-side football game using a fleet of Toyota Aygo cars. Collins played in a team captained by "Top Gear" presenter Richard Hammond. The other drivers were Paul Swift, Tim Harvey and Tom Chilton (blue team); playing against James May, Russ Swift, Matt Neal, Dan Eaves and Rob Huff (red team).


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins could be seen driving the Honda Civic Type-R against Jeremy Clarkson in Episode 6 of Series 10.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: The sixth episode of series seventeen of "Top Gear" featured a team of amputee soldiers training driving a Bowler Wildcat and being trained by Collins to take part in the Dakar Rally.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins also appeared in the Top Gear Special, '50 Years of Bond Cars', on the set of Skyfall. Collins, who worked as a stunt driver on the film was interviewed by Richard Hammond.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: On a separate occasion, following an accident involving Richard Hammond in September 2006, the Health & Safety Executive report into the event recorded that Collins had "worked closely with "Top Gear" as a high-performance driver and consultant" and had prepared a briefing for Richard Hammond preceding the event.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: On 19 January 2009, British newspaper "The Daily Telegraph" ran a story claiming that they had "outed" Collins as being one of the people behind the white-suit incarnation of The Stig, at the same time noting that "Collins, from Bristol, has always denied being the Stig".


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: "The Times", in a follow-up article, stated that the "identity of the white-suited Stig ... has been an open secret within the motoring world for some years, with newspapers refraining from publishing his name, to uphold the spirit of the programme" which concluded that "a newspaper broke with the convention to out Mr Collins, 33, after following up a story in a Bristol newspaper".


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Two Bristol-based local newspapers had published articles a week before "The Times" in January 2009, on the basis of information leaked from a local art gallery. Collins had previously commissioned a Clifton-based business in September 2008, to produce a limited-edition run of poster prints. Collins had initially portrayed himself as a BBC marketing executive and only confirmed a more detailed connection to the "Top Gear" show after the signing of confidentiality agreements by the business owners.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: However, at the time "Top Gear" presenter James May claimed that the Stig's identity had not been outed. There had been speculation that there may have been more than one person who plays the Stig.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: During August to September 2010 the BBC started legal proceedings against Harper Collins, with the BBC attempting to obtain a High Court injunction to prevent the publishing of a book entitled "The Man in The White Suit", apparently authored by Collins. The injunction was quashed by the High Court, allowing the possibility of the book being published on its intended release date of 16 September 2010 in the United Kingdom and 1 October 2010 in Australia.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In an exclusive interview with "WitneyTV" recorded on 3 September 2010 and broadcast on 7 September 2010, "Top Gear"-presenter Jeremy Clarkson confirmed that Collins had worked as The Stig, and that Collins was "history as far as we're concerned, he's sacked". On 7/8 September 2010, "The Guardian" and other papers re-reported Clarkson's assertions in the interview that Collins had been fired from his role on the television show.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In the fifteenth series Christmas special, "Top Gear" presenters referred to the Stig as "The Splitter" and publicly ridiculed the Stig, using the picture of the Stig for drive-by shooting targets.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: During Collins' appearance with the military amputees broadcast in July 2011, Collins was introduced and acknowledged by "Top Gear"-presenter Richard Hammond as "ex-Stig ... Ben Collins". Though Hammond still referred to Collins as a "romantic novelist", he said that "to be honest, [he was] quite glad to see 'the old Splitter' back, and [he does] know how much giving these guys a hand means to him. So this is all right."


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In his appearance in the "Top Gear" Special, '50 Years of Bond Cars', Collins was wearing a T-shirt on which was printed the words, "I AM THE STIG." Richard Hammond, (who interviewed Collins) reacted, saying to him, "Nice T-shirt by the way." Collins admitted that he needs to "update that a bit", pointing to the word "AM", to which Hammond exclaimed, "Was." After hearing about some of what Collins had been doing for the film, Hammond remarked, "You should write a book."


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Collins joined the presenting staff of Channel 5's "Fifth Gear" in Series 18, participating in racing challenges on several occasions. He did not return to the cast for Series 19.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: Following his departure from "Top Gear", Collins has subsequently appeared on the "Top Gear Live" touring show. He appeared onstage in a show in Poland and also served as a racing driver for at least one pre-recorded clip. Introducing him, Clarkson joked Collins' was "living rough", in a racing track paddock, as Collins was shown to be sleeping on cardboard with a shopping trolley with books and Daniel Craig face cuttouts for his possessions. Collins' role was identical to his previous one as the Stig, except wearing an open face helmet and he was referred to as "The Ben Collins" by Clarkson. He has written a second book, "How To Drive: The Ultimate Guide, from the Man Who Was The Stig," published in 2014.


title: Ben Collins (racing driver)

text: In 2007 Collins started a career as a stunt driver in the Nicolas Cage movie "National Treasure 2". This followed by multiple films for the James Bond franchise and other blockbusters including "The Dark Knight Rises", "", "Jack Ryan", and "Mission Impossible". He had a dual role as a stunt driver and actor in "Ford v Ferrari / Le Mans '66" in the role of Denny Hulme.


title: Natalie Alyn Lind

text: Natalie Alyn Lind (born 1999/2000) is an American actress. She is known for her television series appearances, such as her recurring roles as Dana Caldwell in "The Goldbergs" and Silver St. Cloud in "Gotham", and for her starring role as Lauren Strucker in Fox's "The Gifted". Lind also starred as Danielle Sullivan in the first season of the ABC series "Big Sky".


title: Natalie Alyn Lind

text: Lind is the oldest daughter of producer John Lind and actress Barbara Alyn Woods. She has two younger sisters, Emily and Alyvia, who are also actresses.


title: Natalie Alyn Lind

text: Lind made her television debut on the series "One Tree Hill". She appears in a recurring role as Dana Caldwell in the ABC series "The Goldbergs" and has had guest roles on such series as "Criminal Minds", "iCarly", "Wizards of Waverly Place", and "Flashpoint". She was cast as Silver St. Cloud in season two of "Gotham", which debuted on September 21, 2015. In March 2017, Lind was cast in the role of Lauren Strucker, a mutant in the "X-Men"-derived Fox TV pilot "The Gifted", which was picked up to series in May 2017. In June 2019, she was cast in a starring role of Ashley in the second season of the CBS All Access drama series, "Tell Me a Story".


title: Natalie Alyn Lind

text: In March 2020, Lind was cast on ABC's "Big Sky", playing the role of Danielle Sullivan, a kidnapped victim.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: This Is Where I Leave You is a 2014 American comedy-drama film directed by Shawn Levy and starring Jason Bateman, Tina Fey, Adam Driver, Rose Byrne, Corey Stoll, Kathryn Hahn, Connie Britton, Timothy Olyphant, Dax Shepard, and Jane Fonda. It is based on the 2009 novel of the same name by Jonathan Tropper, who also wrote the film's screenplay. "This Is Where I Leave You" tells the story of four grown siblings who are forced to return to their childhood home after their father passes away and live under the same roof for seven days, along with their over-sharing mother and an assortment of spouses, exes, and might-have beens. The film was released on September 19, 2014, and grossed $41.3 million against a $19.8 million production budget.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: Judd Altman finds out his wife Quinn has been having an affair with his boss Wade for a year. After he moves out, his sister Wendy calls to tell him their father Mort has died.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: The Altmans gather for the funeral at their mother's home where they reconnect with Wendy's ex-boyfriend Horry Callen, who suffered a brain injury years before, and his mother Linda. Wendy is unhappy because her workaholic husband Barry neglects her. Judd reunites with his older brother Paul and Paul's wife Annie, who had once been Judd's girlfriend. The youngest brother, Phillip, arrives late with his new, older girlfriend Tracy.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: The Altmans' mother Hilary tells her children their father, though an atheist, wanted them to sit shiva, presided over by the Altmans' childhood friend, Rabbi Charles "Boner" Grodner. Wendy is the only one in the family who knows about Judd's marital problems. Judd also reunites with Penny Moore, a woman who had a crush on him in high school.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: During a family gathering, Wendy drunkenly badgers Judd to tell the truth about Quinn. Phillip laments being seen as the family screw-up, while flirting with another woman in front of Tracy. Judd blurts out that Quinn was cheating on him and he plans to divorce her. Quinn shows up the next day and reveals she's pregnant with Judd's child. Phillip finds out about the pregnancy and reveals this to the family.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: Judd spends the night with Penny, and then spends the day with her. Wendy visits Horry in his backyard, and expresses remorse over causing the accident that caused Horry's brain injury. The family goes to temple, where the brothers sneak out to smoke joints Judd found in his father's suit. Annie, upset that she and Paul haven't conceived, tries to seduce Judd in hopes that he will impregnate her, but he rejects her. A few days later, after Barry leaves for a conference, Wendy sleeps with Horry, with whom she is still in love.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: Quinn calls Judd out of fear that she is having a miscarriage, and he admits to Penny that Quinn is pregnant. Judd gets to the hospital to be with Quinn where Wade also shows up. The baby, which is revealed to be a girl, survives. Judd and Wade get into a fight in the waiting room. When Philip and Wendy arrive, she punches Wade in the face, and Judd gets a group of young men who witnessed the confrontation to flip Wade’s car. As he leaves, Wade tells Judd he's not ready to be a step-dad and leaves Quinn. Judd informs her that even though their marriage is over and they cannot get back together, he will support her in raising their daughter when the baby is born.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: The next day, Tracy talks with Judd and decides to break up with Phillip. Judd drives to Penny's to talk to her, but she won't listen. Later, Annie apologizes to Judd, tearfully confessing that she is frustrated that she can't get pregnant. Judd replies that she should focus on what she and Paul do have. Paul sees Judd hugging her and assumes Judd is hitting on her.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: Paul attacks Judd as Tracy leaves Phillip, resulting in the three brothers fighting. Hilary silences everyone by kissing Linda passionately. She informs them that she and Linda are in love and that they had Mort's blessing. She admits the shiva was her idea, in order to come out to her children and get them to reconnect. The siblings are shocked, but see their mother is happy and accept it.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: One night, when the power goes out in the basement, Judd attempts to fix the fusebox, only to receive an electric shock and be knocked out. He dreams of a childhood memory of falling off his bike and of Mort comforting him. Judd wakes up crying, finally mourning his father.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: Judd apologizes to Penny for not being honest and promises to call her. Realizing that they’re in love with each other, Judd and Penny kiss passionately as they embrace. Wendy leaves with her two children, tearing up as she again leaves Horry. The brothers reconcile and Paul offers Phillip a job at their father's sporting goods store. Judd quietly slips out, steals Phillip's Porsche, and drives up the highway to Maine, where he had dreamed of going.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: "This is Where I Leave You" began principal photography on May 13, 2013 in New York City. The home is located in Munsey Park on Long Island. The skating rink was in The Bellmores, New York. The synagogue interior and exterior scenes were actually shot at Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel in Port Chester, New York. Approximately 40 members of the congregation played extras in the scenes.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: On October 9, 2013, Michael Giacchino was hired to score the film. On August 25, 2014, it was announced that WaterTower Music would release a soundtrack album for the film on September 16, 2014.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: On May 15, 2014 "Entertainment Weekly" revealed a still from the film featuring the whole cast. On May 28, 2014 the first trailer was released.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: "This Is Where I Leave You" grossed $34.3 million in North America and $6.7 million in other territories for a total gross of $41 million, against its budget of about $20 million.


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: In its opening weekend, the film grossed $11.6 million, finishing 3rd at the box office behind fellow new releases "The Maze Runner" ($32.5 million) and "A Walk Among the Tombstones" ($12.8 million).


title: This Is Where I Leave You

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 44%, based on 167 reviews, with an average rating of 5.47/10. The site's consensus reads, ""This Is Where I Leave You" has its moments, but given the amount of talent assembled onscreen, the rather pedestrian results can't help but feel like a letdown." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 44 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Ready to Die

text: Ready to Die is the debut studio album by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G., released on September 13, 1994, by Bad Boy Records and Arista Records. The album features productions by Bad Boy founder Sean "Puffy" Combs, Easy Mo Bee, Chucky Thompson, DJ Premier, and Lord Finesse, among others. It was recorded from 1993 to 1994 at The Hit Factory and D&D Studios in New York City. The partly autobiographical album tells the story of the rapper's experiences as a young criminal, and was the only studio album released during his lifetime, as he was murdered sixteen days before the release of his second album "Life After Death" in 1997.


title: Ready to Die

text: "Ready to Die" peaked at number 15 on the "Billboard" 200 and was subject to widespread critical acclaim and soon a commercial success. Three singles were released from the album: "Juicy", "Big Poppa", "One More Chance" and a promotional track of Biggie: "Warning". "Juicy", the lead single, peaked at number 27 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, number 14 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and reached number 3 on the Hot Rap Singles. "Big Poppa" was a hit on multiple charts, peaking at number six on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and also being nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance at the 1996 Grammy Awards. The Notorious B.I.G.'s lyrics on the album were generally praised by critics, with many praising his story-telling ability.


title: Ready to Die

text: In April 2018, "Ready to Die" was certified 6× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album was significant for revitalizing the East Coast hip hop scene, amid West Coast hip hop's commercial dominance. It has been ranked by many critics as one of the greatest hip hop albums, as well as one of the greatest albums of all time. In 2020, the album was ranked 22nd on "Rolling Stone" updated list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and was ranked 1st on their list of the "200 Greatest Hip-Hop Albums of All Time."


title: Ready to Die

text: The album was recorded in New York City (mainly at The Hit Factory) in two stages during 1993 and 1994. In 1994, Biggie was 21 years old when he recorded the album. In 1992, Biggie was signed to the Uptown Records label by A&R Sean "Puffy" Combs. Biggie started recording his debut album in 1993 in New York, after making numerous guest appearances among his label-mates' singles around that time. The first tracks recorded include the album's darker, less radio-friendly content (including "Ready to Die," "Gimme the Loot" and "Things Done Changed"). In these sessions, "XXL" magazine describe an "inexperienced, higher-pitched" Biggie sounding "hungry and paranoid".


title: Ready to Die

text: When executive producer Sean "Puffy" Combs was fired from Uptown, Biggie's career hung in limbo, as the album was only partially completed. After a brief period dealing drugs in North Carolina, Biggie returned to the studio the following year on Combs' new Bad Boy Records label possessing "a smoother, more confident vocal tone" and completed the album. In this stage, the more commercial-sounding tracks of the album were recorded, including the album's singles. Between the two stages, "XXL" writes that Biggie moved from writing his lyrics in notebooks to freestyling them from memory.


title: Ready to Die

text: The album was released with a cover depicting an infant resembling the artist, though sporting an afro, which pertains to the album's concept of the artist's life from birth to his death. It has been listed as among the best album covers in hip hop.


title: Ready to Die

text: On March 24, 2006, Bridgeport Music and Westbound Records won a federal lawsuit against Bad Boy Records for copyright infringement, with a jury deciding that Combs and Bad Boy had illegally used samples for the production of the songs "Ready to Die", "Machine Gun Funk", and "Gimme the Loot". The jury awarded $4.2 million in punitive and direct damages to the two plaintiffs, and federal judge Todd Campbell enacted an immediate sales ban on the album and tracks in question. On appeal, the Sixth Circuit found the damages unconstitutionally high and in violation of due process and remanded the case, at which point Campbell reduced them by $2.8 million; however, the verdict was upheld. All versions of the album released since the lawsuit are without the disputed samples.


title: Ready to Die

text: Although a fair use issue, Combs and Bad Boy never raised the legal concept of the fair use doctrine in their defense. This decision was questioned by some legal experts: Anthony Falzone of the Fair Use Project at Stanford Law School criticized Combs and Bad Boy for not defending the legality of sampling and suggested that they might have refused to raise such a defense because they feared it could later imperil their control over their own music.


title: Ready to Die

text: On April 2, 2014, Lee Hutson of The Impressions filed a multimillion-dollar copyright infringement suit against Combs, Bad Boy Records, and the estate of the late Notorious B.I.G. for copyright infringement, alleging that his song "Can't Say Enough About Mom" was illegally sampled in the production of the song "The What". The estate countersued in turn, claiming the sample as used was short, adapted, and supplemented, and thus subject to fair use, a legal tactic not pursued previously.


title: Ready to Die

text: The production on the album was mainly handled by Easy Mo Bee and The Hitmen. Cheo H. Coker of "Rolling Stone" depicted the beats as "heavy bottomed and slick, but B.I.G.'s rhymes are the showstoppers. The tracks only enhance them, whether it's the live bass driving a menacing undercurrent or [the] use of bluesy guitar and wah-wah feedback" and that the production is used to "push the rapper to new heights." The production is mainly sample-based with the samples varying from the percussion of funk tracks to the vocals of hip hop songs. Steve Huey presented some criticism over the beats, stating that the "deliberate beats do get a little samey, but it hardly matters: this is Biggie's show".


title: Ready to Die

text: The Notorious B.I.G.'s lyrics on the album were generally praised by critics. Many critics applauded his story-telling ability such as AllMusic writer Steve Huey, who stated "His raps are easy to understand, but his skills are hardly lacking—he has a loose, easy flow and a talent for piling multiple rhymes on top of one another in quick succession". He also went on to mention that his lyrics are "firmly rooted in reality, but play like [a] scene from a movie". Touré, writing for "The New York Times", referred to The Notorious B.I.G., proclaiming that he stood out from other rappers because "his lyrics mix autobiographical details about crime and violence with emotional honesty, telling how he felt while making a living as a drug dealer". The album is also noted for its dark tone and sinister sense of depression. In the original "Rolling Stone" review, Cheo H Coker declared that he "maintains a consistent level of tension by juxtaposing emotional highs and lows". "Things Done Changed" was also one of the few hip hop songs in The Norton Anthology of African American Literature.


title: Ready to Die

text: The lyrics on "Ready to Die" tend to deal with violence, drug dealing, women, alcohol and marijuana use, and other elements of Notorious B.I.G.'s environment. He rapped about these topics in "clear, sparse terms, allowing the lyrics to hit the first time you hear them". The album contains a loose concept starting out with an intro that details his birth, his early childhood, his adolescence and his life at the point of the album's release. Songs on the album range from homicide narratives ("Warning") to braggadocios battle raps ("The What," "Unbelievable"). "Things Done Changed" deals with how life in the ghetto has changed since B.I.G.'s childhood. "One More Chance" as recited by B.I.G largely centers around the rapper's sexual prowess. "Juicy" is a "rags-to-riches chronicle". The title for "Big Poppa" is based on one of The Notorious B.I.G.'s many nicknames. The final song was "Suicidal Thoughts", a song where The Notorious B.I.G. contemplates and finally commits suicide.


title: Ready to Die

text: "Ready to Die" shipped 57,000 units in its first week of release. However, it was then certified Gold by the RIAA only two months after its release on November 15, 1994. on October 16, 1995, only a year and one month after its release the album was certified double Platinum. "Ready to Die" was then certified triple Platinum on August 26, 1998, and was later certified 4× Platinum by the RIAA on October 19, 1999. In April 2018, "Ready to Die" was certified 6 × Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).


title: Ready to Die

text: Three singles were released from the album: "Juicy", "Big Poppa", "One More Chance" and a promotional track of Biggie: "Warning". According to "XXL" the more commercial sound of the singles compared to the rest of the album was a result of encouragement by Combs during the later recording sessions in which they were recorded.


title: Ready to Die

text: "Juicy" was released as the lead single on August 8, 1994. It peaked at number 27 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, number 14 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and reached number 3 on the Hot Rap Singles. It shipped 500,000 copies in the United States and the RIAA certified it Gold on November 16, 1994. Produced by Combs, it features a prominent sample of "Juicy Fruit" as performed by James Mtume. AllMusic's Steve Huey stated that, along with the other singles, it was an "upbeat, commercial moment", calling it a "rags-to-riches chronicle". Andrew Kameka, of "HipHopDX", stated that the song was one of his "greatest and most-revealing songs" and went on to say it was a "Part-autobiography, part-declaration-of-success. It document[s] the star's transition from Brooklyn knucklehead to magazine cover story." Producer Pete Rock, who was commissioned to remix the track, alleged that Puffy stole the idea for the original song's beat after hearing it from him during a visit. Rock explained this in an interview with "Wax Poetics":


title: Ready to Die

text: "Big Poppa" was released as the second single on December 24, 1994, and like the previous single, it was a hit on multiple charts. It reached number six on the "Billboard" Hot 100, number four on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and number one on Hot Rap Singles. It sold over a million units and the RIAA certified it Platinum on May 23, 1995. Featuring production by Combs and Chucky Thompson of The Hitmen, it samples "Between the Sheets" by The Isley Brothers. The song was nominated at the 1996 Grammy Awards for Best Rap Solo Performance, but lost to Coolio's "Gangsta's Paradise". Steve Huey named it an "overweight-lover anthem".


title: Ready to Die

text: "One More Chance" was released as the third single on June 9, 1995. The single was a remix of the album track. It was produced by Combs and featured a sample from DeBarge's "Stay With Me". It peaked at number two on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and reached number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and Hot Rap Singles. It sold over a million copies and the RIAA certified it Platinum on July 31, 1995. Steve Huey labeled it a "graphic sex rap". "Rolling Stone" writer Cheo H. Coker had a similar view of the song, noting that it was "one of the bawdiest sex raps since Kool G Rap's classic, "Talk Like Sex" and continued, stating it "proves hilarious simply because of B.I.G.'s Dolemitelike vulgarity."


title: Ready to Die

text: "Ready to Die" received widespread critical acclaim from music critics. In his review for "Rolling Stone", Cheo H. Coker stated ""Ready to Die" is the strongest solo rap debut since Ice Cube's "AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted". From the breathtakingly visual moments of his birth to his Cobainesque end in 'Suicidal Thoughts,' B.I.G. proves a captivating listen. It's difficult to get him out of your head once you sample what he has to offer". Robert Christgau from "The Village Voice" commented "His sex raps are erotic, his jokes are funny, and his music makes the thug life sound scary rather than luxuriously laid back. When he considers suicide, I not only take him at his word, I actively hope he finds another way". "The New York Times" wrote "Though drug dealing carries tremendous heroic value with some young urban dwellers, he sacrifices the figure's romantic potential. His raps acknowledge both the excitement of drug dealing and the stress caused by the threat from other dealers, robbers, the police and parents, sometimes one's own. In presenting the downside of that life, "Ready to Die" offers perhaps the most balanced and honest portrait of the dealer's life of any in hip-hop".


title: Ready to Die

text: "Q" magazine gave "Ready to Die" three out of five stars, and stated "the natural rapping, clever use of sound effects and acted dialogue, and concept element (from a baby being born at the start to the fading heartbeat at the end) set this well apart from the average gangsta bragging". In their original review for "Ready to Die", "The Source" gave it four-and-a-half out of five 'mics', stating "Big weaves tales like a cinematographer, each song is like another scene in his lifestyle. Overall, this package is complete: ridiculous beats, harmonizing honeys, ill sound effects, criminal scenarios, and familiar hooks".


title: Ready to Die

text: "Ready to Die" has been highly acclaimed. In 1998, "The Source" included it on their 100 Best Rap Albums of All Time list, and in 2002, they re-rated it to the maximum five 'mics'. "Rolling Stone" has also given acclaim to "Ready to Die" over the years. In 2003, they ranked it number 133 on their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list, 134 in a 2012 revised list, and 22 in a 2020 revised list. In 2004, they re-rated it to five stars. In 2011, "Rolling Stone" also placed it at number eight on their 100 Best Albums of the Nineties list, and described it as "mapping out the sound of 'Nineties cool'". Kilian Murphy from "Stylus Magazine" wrote favorably of the album in a retrospective review, and concluded "Sweet, hypocritical, sensitive, violent, depressed and jubilant; these words could all fittingly describe Big at various points on "Ready to Die"."


title: Ready to Die

text: Steve Huey from AllMusic gave it five stars, stating "The album that reinvented East Coast rap for the gangsta age, "Ready to Die" made the Notorious B.I.G. a star. Today it's recognized as one of the greatest hardcore rap albums ever recorded, and that's mostly due to Biggie's skill as a storyteller". In 2006, "Time" magazine included it on their 100 Greatest Albums of All Time list, and stated "On "Ready to Die", Wallace took his street corner experiences and filtered them through his considerable charm. The result was a record that mixed long stretches of menace with romance and lots of humor. No rapper ever made multi-syllabic rhymes sound as smooth". The album was also included in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die".


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: Aaron Wan-Bissaka (born 26 November 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a right-back for club Manchester United.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: Wan-Bissaka began his career with Crystal Palace and was named as the club's Player of the Year for the 2018–19 season. In 2019, he moved to Manchester United for an initial fee of £45 million, with another £5 million due in potential bonuses.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: He is of Congolese descent and made one appearance for DR Congo under-20s in 2015. He has gone on to represent the country of his birth, England, at under-20 and under-21 levels.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: Wan-Bissaka was born in Croydon, Greater London and grew up in New Addington, Croydon, where he attended Good Shepherd Catholic Primary School.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: Wan-Bissaka was a member of the Crystal Palace academy from the age of 11, where he started out as a winger. He signed a professional contract with the club in December 2016.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: On the 2017 pre-season tour, Wan-Bissaka began to feature with the Palace first team under new manager Frank de Boer, playing in a number of friendlies. The Dutchman played a formation with wing-backs, and this new role emphasised Wan-Bissaka's defensive capabilities, eventually leading to him moving from a winger to a full-back. However, he saw chances limited in the first half of the season as De Boer showed a preference to play Timothy Fosu-Mensah or Martin Kelly at right-back, then new manager Roy Hodgson favoured Joel Ward. He was an unused substitute a few times under the new manager, while also starring for the Eagles U23 side.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: On 25 February 2018, Wan-Bissaka made his first-team debut for Crystal Palace, in the midst of an injury crisis, in a Premier League match against Tottenham Hotspur at Selhurst Park which resulted in a 1–0 defeat. He played all but two minutes of the four Palace matches in March, and won the club's Player of the Month award with 65% of the supporters' votes.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: On 20 August 2018, Wan-Bissaka was sent off in a 2–0 loss to Liverpool for denying Mohamed Salah a clear goalscoring opportunity. He was named the club's Player of the Month for August, September, October and March. On 30 April 2019, Wan-Bissaka was named the Crystal Palace Player of the Year for his displays throughout the season.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: On 29 June 2019, Wan-Bissaka signed a five-year contract with fellow Premier League club Manchester United. Crystal Palace would receive an initial fee of £45 million, with another £5 million due in potential bonuses. Upon signing for Manchester United, Wan-Bissaka became the sixth-most expensive defender of all time and the most expensive English player who was uncapped by the national side at the time of transfer.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: On 11 August 2019, he made his Manchester United debut, playing the full 90 minutes in a 4–0 league victory over Chelsea. At the end of his first season at Manchester United, he made the highest number of tackles in the 2019–20 Premier League season. On 17 October 2020, as United won 4–1 at Newcastle United, he scored the first goal of his professional career. On 2 February 2021, Wan-Bissaka scored the opening goal in United's Premier League record-equalling 9–0 win over Southampton.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: Wan-Bissaka was born in England and is of Congolese descent. Wan-Bissaka made a single appearance for DR Congo U20s in an 8–0 friendly loss to the England U17s on 7 October 2015. However, he remained eligible to represent the country of his birth and, after impressing for Crystal Palace, Wan-Bissaka was called up to the England under-20 squad in March 2018. He was sent off during his debut against Poland, although England still won 1–0.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: Wan-Bissaka was called up to the England U21 squad for the first time in September 2018 and made his debut for them on 6 September, playing 90 minutes in a 0–0 draw with the Netherlands at Carrow Road. On 27 May 2019, Wan-Bissaka was included in England's 23-man squad for the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. He made one appearance in the tournament, a 2–1 loss against France, in which he scored an own goal.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: Despite interest from DR Congo, Wan-Bissaka said in May 2019 that he intended to pursue an international career with England, stating: "The aim is England. I am happy playing with England and representing England, so that is what I am going to continue doing".


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: In August 2019, Wan-Bissaka received his first call-up to the senior England team, ahead of UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers against Kosovo and Bulgaria, but was forced to withdraw from the squad due to a back injury.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: Since the injury withdrawal in 2019, Aaron Wan-Bissaka has found himself competing with the like of Kyle Walker, Trent Alexander-Arnold, Kieran Trippier and Reece James, as for the result of his faltering performance, he has several times expressed his desire to represent his ancestral DR Congo, and media speculation has also supported the claim of his potential nationality switch, even though he has not done so by 2022.


title: Aaron Wan-Bissaka

text: In December 2021, Wan-Bissaka was given a six-month driving ban and a £31,500 fine by Leeds Magistrates Court for driving while disqualified and uninsured, and for not giving driver details about two speeding offences. His lawyers said that he was unaware of his offending, as he had not registered his new address with the DVLA.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: P.S. I Love You is a 2007 American romantic drama film directed by Richard LaGravenese from a screenplay by LaGravenese and Steven Rogers based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Cecelia Ahern. The film stars Hilary Swank, Gerard Butler, Lisa Kudrow, Gina Gershon, James Marsters, Harry Connick Jr. and Jeffrey Dean Morgan.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: The film was released in the United States on December 21, 2007, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was critically panned, with criticism being directed at Swank's performance and the writing. It was a box office success, and grossed $156.8 million worldwide against a $30 million budget. In 2019 Swank expressed interest in adapting the follow-up book into a second film.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Holly and Gerry are a married couple who live on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. They are deeply in love though they fight occasionally. One winter, Gerry dies of a brain tumor, and Holly realizes how much he meant to her as well as how insignificant their arguments and differences were.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Deeply distraught, Holly withdraws from her family and friends out of grief until they descend upon her on her thirtieth birthday. She doesn't want to live anymore without him. They are determined to prod the young widow to face the future and explore what her life choices should be. As they rally around Holly and help organize her apartment, a cake is delivered, and with it is a message from Gerry. It proves to be the first of several meaningful messages—all ending "P.S. I Love You"—which he had arranged to have delivered to her after his death.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: As the seasons pass, each new message fills her with encouragement and sends her on a new adventure. Holly's mother is worried that Gerry's letters are keeping Holly tied to the past. With Gerry's words as her guide, Holly slowly embarks on a journey of rediscovery.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Gerry arranged for Holly and her friends Denise and Sharon to travel to his homeland of Ireland. They arrive at their destination, a house in the beautiful Irish countryside where they find letters from Gerry for Sharon & Denise, one asking Denise to take Holly to his favorite pub. While there, they meet William, a singer who strongly reminds Holly of her deceased husband. He asks her to stay to see him after his last song ("Galway Girl"), which he dedicates to her. Upon hearing it, she is overcome with emotion and walks out, because it was the song Gerry sang to her shortly after they first met.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: During the vacation, while on a fishing trip, they lose the boat's oars, leaving the three women stranded in the middle of a lake. During their wait for help, Sharon announces that she is pregnant and Denise reveals she is getting married. This news causes Holly to relapse emotionally and again withdraw into herself. They are eventually rescued by William, whom Sharon and Denise invite to stay the night because of the pouring rain.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Unable to deny their feelings for each other, William and Holly kiss and have sex. They begin a conversation about her deceased husband and Holly asks William to drive her to visit her in-laws. Upon Holly revealing their names, William realizes she is the widow of his childhood best friend. Revealing this to Holly causes her to panic, but William calms her down and starts to tell stories about his and Gerry's childhood. The next day, Holly visits Gerry's parents and while there receives another letter from Gerry, reminding her of their first meeting.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Arriving home, Holly again withdraws from family and friends. As she continues to become more and more lost, she is inspired by Gerry after finding one of his suspender clips next to one of her shoes and realizes she has a flair for designing women's shoes; she enrolls in a class that teaches how to actually make the shoes she has designed. New found self-confidence allows her to emerge from her solitude and genuinely embrace her friends' happiness.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: While on a walk with her mother, she learns that her mother was the one whom Gerry asked to deliver his letters after his death. Her mother hands her the last letter and she takes it home where she gets a voicemail from Daniel asking her to forget everything he said about not wanting her. She meets him at Yankee Stadium and asks him to read the last letter from Gerry, who tells her not to turn away from new love. Daniel and Holly kiss but decide they are better off as friends.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Later, Holly takes her mother on a trip to Ireland. By chance they meet William, and he expresses his wish to see her again.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: In "A Conversation with Cecilia Ahern", a bonus feature on the DVD release of the film, the author of the novel discusses the Americanization of her story — which was set in Ireland — for the screen and her satisfaction with the plot changes which screenwriter and director Richard LaGravenese had to make in order to fit the book into the screen.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: The film was shot on locations in New York City and County Wicklow, Ireland. The music scenes that were set in a local Wicklow pub were filmed in Whelan's a music venue in Dublin.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: The film also includes "Fairytale of New York" performed by The Pogues, "Got Me Like Oh" by Gia Farrell, "No Other Love" by Chuck Prophet, "Mustang Sally" performed by Gerard Butler and "Galway Girl" written and originally released by Steve Earle, performed by Gerard Butler, Nancy Davis, and Jeffrey Dean Morgan. Camera Obscura's "Lloyd, I'm Ready to Be Heartbroken" also plays in the opening credits. None of songs are included on the official soundtrack.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 25% based on 105 reviews, with an average rating of 4.50/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Hilary Swank is miscast as the romantic lead in this clichéd film about loss and love." At Metacritic the film received a weighted average score of 39 out of 100, based on reviews from 24 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "A-" on scale of A to F.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Manohla Dargis of "The New York Times" said the film "looks squeaky clean and utterly straight and very much removed from the shadow worlds in which Ms. Swank has done her best work. Yet as directed by Richard LaGravenese ... it has a curious morbid quality ... [It] won't win any awards; it isn't the sort of work that flatters a critic's taste. It's preposterous in big and small matters ... and there are several cringe-worthy set pieces, some involving Mr. Butler and a guitar. The film is not a beautiful object or a memorable cultural one, and yet it charms, however awkwardly. Ms. Swank's ardent sincerity and naked emotionalism dovetail nicely with Mr. LaGravenese's melodramatic excesses."


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: David Wiegand of the "San Francisco Chronicle" wrote, "This is a movie that will leave you stunned and stupefied from beginning to end, if you don't head for the exits first. The only good things in it are Lisa Kudrow and Swank's wardrobe. The plot is unbelievable, although a competent script could have fixed that. The direction is flabby and uninspired, the casting is wrongheaded, and the performances run the gamut from uninteresting to insufferable ... the film wants terribly to be "Ghost" without a potter's wheel, but it just succeeds at being terrible."


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: John Anderson of "Variety" also had a negative review: "The question of love after death has been asked frequently enough in the movies, but seldom with the high ick factor found in "P.S. I Love You" ... this post-life comedy will have the sentimentally challenged weeping openly, while clutching desperately to the pants-legs of boyfriends and husbands who are trying to flee up the aisle. Richard LaGravenese's trip into Lifetime territory may define the guilty pleasure of the genre ... As an exercise in chick-flickery, "P.S. I Love You" wants to possess the soulfulness of harsh reality and the lilt of romantic fantasy at the same time. In this case, at least, it simply can't be done."


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Stephen Whitty of "The Oregonian" wrote, "On a week when many people just want a good reason to put down their packages and smile for a couple of hours, "P.S. I Love You" arrives – signed, sealed and delivered just on time."


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Irish reviewers were particularly critical of Butler's Irish accent. Butler later jokingly apologized for his poor effort at an Irish accent.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: The film opened on 2,454 screens in North America and earned $6,481,221 and ranked #6 on its opening weekend. It eventually grossed $53,695,808 at the North American box office and $91,370,273 in the rest of the world for a total worldwide box office of $156,835,339.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Hilary Swank won the 2008 People's Choice Irish Film and Television Award for Best International Actress.


title: P.S. I Love You (film)

text: Dialogue between Connick's and Swank's characters inspired Reba McEntire's 2011 single "Somebody's Chelsea".


title: Revenue

text: In accounting, revenue is the total amount of income generated by the sale of goods and services related to the primary operations of the business.


title: Revenue

text: Commercial revenue may also be referred to as sales or as turnover. Some companies receive revenue from interest, royalties, or other fees. "Revenue" may refer to income in general, or it may refer to the amount, in a monetary unit, earned during a period of time, as in "Last year, Company X had revenue of $42 million". Profits or net income generally imply total revenue minus total expenses in a given period. In accounting, in the balance statement, revenue is a subsection of the Equity section and revenue increases equity, it is often referred to as the "top line" due to its position on the income statement at the very top. This is to be contrasted with the "bottom line" which denotes net income (gross revenues minus total expenses).


title: Revenue

text: In general usage, revenue is the total amount of income by the sale of goods or services related to the company's operations. Sales revenue is income received from selling goods or services over a period of time. Tax revenue is income that a government receives from taxpayers. Fundraising revenue is income received by a charity from donors etc. to further its social purposes.


title: Revenue

text: In more formal usage, revenue is a calculation or estimation of periodic income based on a particular standard accounting practice or the rules established by a government or government agency. Two common accounting methods, cash basis accounting and accrual basis accounting, do not use the same process for measuring revenue. Corporations that offer shares for sale to the public are usually required by law to report revenue based on generally accepted accounting principles or on International Financial Reporting Standards.


title: Revenue

text: In a double-entry bookkeeping system, revenue accounts are general ledger accounts that are summarized periodically under the heading "Revenue" or "Revenues" on an income statement. Revenue account-names describe the type of revenue, such as "Repair service revenue", "Rent revenue earned" or "Sales".


title: Revenue

text: For non-profit organizations, revenue may be referred to as gross receipts, support, contributions, etc. This operating revenue can include donations from individuals and corporations, support from government agencies, income from activities related to the organization's mission, income from fundraising activities, and membership dues. Revenue (income and gains) from investments may be categorized as "operating" or "non-operating"—but for many non-profits must (simultaneously) be categorized by fund (along with other accounts).


title: Revenue

text: For non-profits with substantial revenue from the dues of their voluntary members: non-dues revenue is revenue generated through means besides association membership fees. This revenue can be found through means of sponsorships, donations or outsourcing the association's digital media outlets.


title: Revenue

text: Business revenue is money income from activities that are ordinary for a particular corporation, company, partnership, or sole-proprietorship. For some businesses, such as manufacturing or grocery, most revenue is from the sale of goods. Service businesses such as law firms and barber shops receive most of their revenue from rendering services. Lending businesses such as car rentals and banks receive most of their revenue from fees and interest generated by lending assets to other organizations or individuals.


title: Revenue

text: Revenues from a business's primary activities are reported as sales, sales revenue or net sales. This includes product returns and discounts for early payment of invoices. Most businesses also have revenue that is incidental to the business's primary activities, such as interest earned on deposits in a demand account. This is included in revenue but not included in net sales. Sales revenue does not include sales tax collected by the business.


title: Revenue

text: Other revenue (a.k.a. non-operating revenue) is revenue from peripheral (non-core) operations. For example, a company that manufactures and sells automobiles would record the revenue from the sale of an automobile as "regular" revenue. If that same company also rented a portion of one of its buildings, it would record that revenue as “other revenue” and disclose it separately on its income statement to show that it is from something other than its core operations. The combination of all the revenue-generating systems of a business is called its revenue model.


title: Revenue

text: While the current IFRS conceptual framework no longer draws a distinction between revenue and gains, it continues to be drawn at the standard and reporting levels. For example, IFRS 9.5.7.1 states: "A gain or loss on a financial asset or financial liability that is measured at fair value shall be recognised in profit or loss ..." while the IASB defined IFRS XBRL taxonomy includes OtherGainsLosses, GainsLossesOnNetMonetaryPosition and similar items.


title: Revenue

text: Revenue is a crucial part of financial statement analysis. The company's performance is measured to the extent to which its asset inflows (revenues) compare with its asset outflows (expenses). Net income is the result of this equation, but revenue typically enjoys equal attention during a standard earnings call. If a company displays solid “top-line growth”, analysts could view the period's performance as positive even if earnings growth, or “bottom-line growth” is stagnant. Conversely, high net income growth would be tainted if a company failed to produce significant revenue growth. Consistent revenue growth, if accompanied by net income growth, contributes to the value of an enterprise and therefore the share price.


title: Revenue

text: Revenue is used as an indication of earnings quality. There are several financial ratios attached to it:


title: Revenue

text: Government revenue includes all amounts of money (i.e., taxes and fees) received from sources outside the government entity. Large governments usually have an agency or department responsible for collecting government revenue from companies and individuals.


title: Revenue

text: Government revenue may also include reserve bank currency which is printed. This is recorded as an advance to the retail bank together with a corresponding currency in circulation expense entry, that is, the income derived from the Official Cash rate payable by the retail banks for instruments such as 90-day bills. There is a question as to whether using generic business-based accounting standards can give a fair and accurate picture of government accounts, in that with a monetary policy statement to the reserve bank directing a positive inflation rate, the expense provision for the return of currency to the reserve bank is largely symbolic, such that to totally cancel the currency in circulation provision, all currency would have to be returned to the reserve bank and canceled.


title: Sanpaku

text: According to Chinese/Japanese medical face reading, when the white part of the eye, known as the sclera, is visible beneath the iris, it represents physical imbalance in the body and is claimed to be present in alcoholics, drug addicts, and people who over-consume sugar or grain. Conversely, when the upper sclera is visible it is said to be an indication of mental imbalance in people such as psychotics, murderers, and anyone rageful. In either condition, it is believed that these people attract accidents and violence.


title: Sanpaku

text: In August 1963, George Ohsawa, an advocate for macrobiotics, predicted that President John F. Kennedy would experience great danger because of his sanpaku condition.


title: Sanpaku

text: In 1965, Ohsawa, assisted by William Dufty, wrote "You Are All Sanpaku", which offers the following perspective on the condition:


title: Sanpaku

text: According to Ohsawa, this condition could be treated by a macrobiotic diet emphasizing brown rice and soybeans.


title: Sanpaku

text: John Lennon mentioned sanpaku in his song "Aisumasen (I'm Sorry)" from the 1973 album "Mind Games". It is also briefly referenced in William Gibson's novel "Neuromancer", as well as in Michael Franks' 1979 song "Sanpaku". The Firesign Theatre's comedy sketch "Temporarily Humboldt County" mentions a character named "Sam Paku". Ken Kesey references 'sanpaku' in the short story "Now We Know How Many Holes It Takes To Fill The Albert Hall", which may be found in "Demon Box".


title: Sanpaku

text: It is also mentioned in the 1998 film "Gia" featuring Angelina Jolie rolling her eyes back to give the ‘Sanpaku’ look. (Methuen, 1986, p. 297).


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Europa Universalis IV is a 2013 grand strategy video game in the "Europa Universalis" series, developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive as a sequel to "Europa Universalis III" (2007). The game was released on 13 August 2013. It is a strategy game where players can control a nation from the Late Middle Ages through the early modern period (1444–1821), conducting trade, administration, diplomacy, colonization, and warfare.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: The game has been formed to begin historically, with events occurring when they did in history. The game itself is an interactive map of Earth divided into the provinces that compose nations. Each of these provinces contribute to their country either positively or negatively, as provinces can both provide resources to a nation and serve as a point of unrest and rebellion. The gameplay requires the player to lead a nation by finding a balance of military, diplomacy, and economy. The player does so through their choices as sovereign of their nation, and through the spending of resources available to them: prestige, power projection, stability, gold (ducats), manpower, legitimacy for monarchies, republican tradition for republics, devotion for theocracies, horde unity for steppe nomads, meritocracy for celestial empires, and monarch power (administrative, diplomatic, and military).


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Players can choose to conquer the world by military might, become a colonial superpower, establish trade dominance, etc. as one of over 500 different nations. These nations range alphabetically from Aachen to Zuni. The game is a sandbox environment, and while there is no strict rule on winning the game, the game of the player is over when the player's nation is removed, or annexed, from the map. Diplomacy is a large aspect of the game, as creating alliances, (or vassal states and tributaries), improving opinions, and preventing defensive coalitions are vital to a player's survival. Espionage can also be employed against enemy states in order to claim their territory, or incite rebellion in their provinces, along with other dubious ends. Combat can be waged on both land and sea, during which the game attempts to simulate real world factors such as morale, discipline, varying unit types with associated strengths and weaknesses, competency of leaders, terrain and supply lines. Trade is also an important part of the game, where the world is divided into many trade nodes and trade flows through each of the nodes and can be collected by merchants.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Many major religions, such as Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Sunni, and Shia are present in the game and can provide distinct bonuses to their practitioners. Players can employ missionaries to convert their provinces or can engage in policies of universal religious freedom. For example, the Catholic faith makes use of the Papacy, which can allow a nation to have control over the Pope or to use their influence for other rewards. Native American and Aboriginal religions are also present in the game, most commonly utilizing a system of selecting a bonus for the lifetime of the present monarch.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Furthermore, many of the world's institutions, from feudalism to industrialization, are also present in the game. Institutions normally begin around a certain year, and begin spreading through provinces. The rate of institution spread and where the institution spawns is malleable to player actions. The institution coincides with increasing the price of technology, as the lack of an embraced institution increases the cost of corresponding technological levels. Once reaching requirements, usually consisting of a ducat cost and a certain amount of institution present in the player's provinces, the player is able to embrace the institution. An embracement gives an institution-specific nation bonus, as well as purging any technological maluses that the lack of institution may have incurred.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Technological advancements are invested in over time, and require the expense of monarch points. They provide benefits to the nation as detailed below:


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Gameplay is influenced by random events that arise every so often for the player. These events can be either helpful or harmful. Some of these random events are driven by an individual country's history, while some can apply to any country and serve generally to enhance the "flavor" of the game. Some events are also motivated by various institutions that occur throughout the history of the game, such as the Industrial Revolution. Players can choose to play single player mode versus the AI, or multiplayer over a LAN or the Internet against a mix of human and AI opponents. Single player also has the option of "Ironman" mode, which locks several settings such as difficulty, and removes the control of saving the game from the player. This means that any mistakes are irreversible. It is, however, the only way to receive any of the game's many achievements.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Early design discussions for "Europa Universalis IV" began shortly after the December 2010 release of "Divine Wind", the final DLC for "Europa Universalis III" with development, based on the Clausewitz Engine, beginning in earnest in about September 2011. It was first announced to the public in August 2012, to coincide with a showing at that year's Gamescom, after having been teased under the codename of "Project Truman".


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Throughout the game's development, Paradox Development Studio released weekly "developer diaries" via their online forums, in which they detailed some feature of the game's development. These included information about design philosophy, game mechanisms that were being implemented, and features from "Europa Universalis III" that were being removed.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: During its development, "Europa Universalis IV" had a greater priority given to stability and quality control than had previous games in the series. There had previously been a perception that Paradox's games were not worth buying until several updates or expansions had fixed stability issues. Studio CEO, Fredrik Wester, described this perception as being like "a slap in the face", motivating them to improve. Another of Paradox's major goals was to retain the depth and complexity of their earlier grand strategy games, while making them easier for a player to interact with.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Prior to release, a preview version of the game was showcased through Let's Plays and via a multiplayer event for journalists. A playable demo of the game was released on Steam on 9 August 2013 with the game itself being released on 13 August.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Following its release, development of the game has continued under the same model that Paradox had previously used successfully for "Crusader Kings II", with paid DLCs being released alongside, and helping to fund, additional free patches which add more features to the base game. , eighteen expansions have been released for the game alongside many minor DLCs offering additional graphical or musical options.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: In September 2020, "Paradox Tinto", a newly formed division of Paradox, took over development of the game led by leader Johan Andersson. This team released the expansions "Leviathan" and "Origins", while also focusing on bug fixes and eventually ending development on the game.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: A number of downloadable content (DLC) have been released for the game. All DLCs are optional and may be applied to the base game in any combination. The most significant DLCs come in the form of expansions and immersion packs.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Expansions on one hand, bring broader and considerable changes to the game as they introduce new and improved gameplay mechanics along with many kinds of flavor and various balance tweaks. While immersion packs on the other hand, are expansions of a smaller scale as they focus on specific regions to bring them better to life by granting more flavor.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: There are also flavor packs (which add new events and minor mechanisms, usually specific to one nation), music packs (which add more backing music) and cosmetic packs (which affect unit models, portraits, and the map). There are also three e-books which have no impact on the game itself, but coincided with the release of expansions.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: In March 2021, Paradox unveiled an optional subscription service to play the game's vast library of DLC without buying each individual expansion.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Expansions are often accompanied by coinciding free patches to the game, which may adjust existing mechanisms or add new ones in the theme of the expansion.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: Aside from the official expansion packs, third-party mods are available on sites such as the Steam Workshop. The mods can change the game's setting, add or remove features and game mechanisms, add new land masses to the "random new world" generator, and make graphical improvements. Popular mods include "Extended Timeline", which expands the game's scope from 2 AD to the year 9999, the "Game of Thrones" adaptation "A Song of Ice and Fire" and "The Elder Scrolls" "Elder Scrolls Universalis", to complete overhauls like "MEIOU & Taxes" and fantasy total conversions such as "Anbennar".


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: "Europa Universalis IV" was met with generally favourable reviews, receiving a score of 87/100 on aggregate website Metacritic. Critics praised the improvements from "Europa Universalis III", especially the new mechanisms and graphics. T.J. Hafer of PC Gamer described the game as an "engrossing simulation that conquers the common ground between your average "Civilization V" player and the long-time devotees of grand strategy". Negative feedback focused on the tutorials, combat mechanisms and bugs. Nicholas Pellegatta acknowledged these bugs and other issues were likely to be addressed in later patches and expansions.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: In 2013 "Europa Universalis IV" won "Best Strategy" and "Best Historical" in Game Debate's 2013 awards.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: The 2021 expansion "Leviathan" was the worst-rated title on the Steam platform at launch, with only 7% positive reviews. Players complained about a multitude of bugs and untested or incomplete features.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: From September 30 to October 7, 2021, Europa Universalis IV was available for free on the Epic Games Store.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: As of February 2014, "Europa Universalis IV" had sold over 300,000 copies. By January 2016, over 900,000 games were registered on Steam. As of 21 June 2016, over 1 million copies have been sold. As of February 2021, the game has over 2 million owners.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: In May 2017, Paradox Interactive normalized the prices of the game worldwide and its other products to account for the games being cheaper than intended in many non-western nations, just weeks before the annual summer Steam sale. This has led to massive backlash and boycotts by people from the affected nations, including a massive increase in negative user reviews on Steam in the following weeks. Later on 22 June Paradox CEO, Fredrik Wester, announced that the prices would be returned to previous levels after the Steam summer sale and claimed they would try to reimburse anyone who bought their products during the time of the price adjustment.


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: In May 2014, Paradox released a book, "Europa Universalis IV: What If? the Anthology of Alternate History", a collection of short stories inspired by the game and its time period, including one by Harry Turtledove. The book was released as an ebook, as DLC for the game, and as a physical edition ().


title: Europa Universalis IV

text: In May 2018, at their PDXCon convention, Paradox announced that board games were being developed based upon four of their franchises, stating that they were on a "mission to expand the IP". The "Europa Universalis" game (eventually named "Europa Universalis: the Price of Power") was designed by Eivind Vetlesen of Aegir Games and has a solo mode by David Turczi. Jonathan Bolding of PC Gamer described a preview version as "something between a high player count Twilight Imperium and A Game of Thrones with a dash of Napoleon in Europe". No release date has been specified, but the game is expected to release in mid to late 2022.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Sixto Diaz Rodriguez (born July 10, 1942), known professionally as Rodriguez, is an American singer-songwriter from Detroit, Michigan. Though his career was initially met with little fanfare in the United States, he found success in South Africa, Australia (touring the country twice), and New Zealand. Unbeknownst to him for decades, his music was extremely successful and influential in South Africa, where he is believed to have sold more records than Elvis Presley, as well as other countries in southern Africa. Information about him was scarce, and it was incorrectly rumored there that he had committed suicide shortly after releasing his second album.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In the 1990s, determined South African fans managed to find and contact Rodriguez, which led to an unexpected revival of his musical career. This was told in the 2012 Academy Award-winning documentary film "Searching for Sugar Man" and helped give Rodriguez a measure of fame in his home country. In May 2013, Rodriguez received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from his alma mater, Wayne State University, in Detroit.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Rodriguez has been living in Detroit's historic Woodbridge neighborhood, through which he is seen walking in "Searching for Sugar Man". He lives a simple life, possessing no telephone, and occasionally visits bars in the Cass Corridor section of Detroit near Woodbridge and Midtown, such as the Old Miami pub, where he has performed live concerts for small local crowds.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Rodriguez was born in 1942 in Detroit, Michigan. He was the sixth child of Mexican immigrant working-class parents. He was named Sixto (pronounced "Seex-toh") because he was their sixth son. His father had emigrated to the United States from Mexico in the 1920s; his mother was Native American. They had joined a large influx of Mexicans who came to the midwest to work in Detroit's industries. Mexican immigrants at that time faced both intense alienation and marginalization. In most of his songs, Rodriguez takes a political stance on the difficulties that faced the inner city poor.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In 1967, using the name "Rod Riguez" (given by his record label), he released a single, "I'll Slip Away", on the small Impact label. He did not record again for three years, until he signed with Sussex Records, an offshoot of Buddah Records. He used his preferred professional name, "Rodriguez", after that. He recorded two albums with Sussex, "Cold Fact" in 1970 and "Coming from Reality" in 1971. However, both sold few copies in the U.S. and he was quickly dropped by Sussex, which itself closed in 1975. At the time he was dropped, he was in the process of recording a third album which has never been released.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Rodriguez quit his music career and in 1976 he purchased a derelict Detroit house in a government auction for $50 (US$ in dollars) in which he still lived as of 2013. He worked in demolition and production line work, always earning a low income. He remained politically active and motivated to improve the lives of the city's working-class inhabitants and has run unsuccessfully several times for public office: for the Detroit City Council in 1989, for Mayor of Detroit in 1981 and 1993 and for the Michigan House of Representatives in 2000.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In 2013, it was announced that Rodriguez was in discussions with Steve Rowland, the producer of his "Coming From Reality" album. "I've written about thirty new songs," Rodriguez told "Rolling Stone" magazine. "He told me to send him a couple of tapes, so I'm gonna do that. I certainly want to look him up, because now he's full of ideas."


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Although Rodriguez remained relatively unknown in his home country, by the mid-1970s his albums were starting to gain significant airplay in Australia, Botswana, New Zealand, South Africa and Zimbabwe.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: When imported copies of his Sussex albums were sold out, an Australian record label, Blue Goose Music, bought the Australian rights to his recordings. Blue Goose released his two studio albums as well as a compilation album, "At His Best", that featured unreleased recordings from 1973 – "Can't Get Away", "I'll Slip Away" (a re-recording of his first single), and "Street Boy".


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: "At His Best" went platinum in South Africa, which at one stage was the major disc-press source of his music to the rest of the world. Rodriguez was compared to contemporaries such as Bob Dylan and Cat Stevens. Many of his songs carry anti-establishment themes, and therefore boosted anti-apartheid protest culture in South Africa where his work influenced the music scene at the time and was also a considerable influence on a generation drafted, mostly unwillingly, to the then whites-only South African military. Reportedly, anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko was also a Rodriguez fan.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Rodriguez was also successful in Australia and performed two concert tours across the country in 1979 and 1981.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In 1991, both of his albums were released on CD in South Africa for the first time, which helped preserve his fame. However, few details of his life were known to his fans and it was rumored that he had killed himself during a concert in the 1970s.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Despite his success abroad, Rodriguez's fame in South Africa had remained unknown to him until 1997 when his eldest daughter, Eva, came across a website dedicated to him. After contacting the website and learning of his fame in the country, Rodriguez went on his first South African tour, playing six concerts before thousands of fans. A documentary, "Dead Men Don't Tour: Rodriguez in South Africa 1998", was screened on SABC TV in 2001. He also performed in Sweden before returning to South Africa in 2001 and 2005.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In 1998, Rodriguez's signature song, "Sugar Man", was covered by the South African rock band Just Jinger and the Scottish singer-songwriter Paolo Nutini. In 2002, it was used by disc-jockey David Holmes to open his mix album, "Come Get It I Got It", gaining Rodriguez more international airplay. "Sugar Man" had previously gained even more fame by having been sampled in the song "You're Da Man" in rapper Nas's 2001 album "Stillmatic".


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In April 2007 and 2010, he returned to Australia to play at the East Coast Blues & Roots Music Festival, as well as sell out shows in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. His song "Sugar Man" was featured in the 2006 film "Candy", starring Heath Ledger. Singer-songwriter Ruarri Joseph covered Rodriguez's song "Rich Folks Hoax" for his third studio album. Irish singer-songwriter Darragh O'Dea mentions Rodriguez and references "Inner City Blues" in his 2020 single "Lost Dog Loyal". Rodriguez continues to tour in various countries.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Rodriguez's albums "Cold Fact" and "Coming from Reality" were re-released by Light in the Attic Records in 2009.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In 2014, the French deep house and electro music producer The Avener released a new version of "Hate Street Dialogue" originally appearing in Rodriguez's album "Cold Fact". The new version by The Avener features Rodriguez's vocals. The release charted in France.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In 2012, the Sundance Film Festival hosted the premiere of the documentary film "Searching for Sugar Man", by Swedish director Malik Bendjelloul, detailing the efforts of two South African fans to see if his rumored death was true and, if not, to discover what had become of him. The documentary, produced by Simon Chinn and John Battsek, went on to win the World Cinema Special Jury Prize and the Audience Award, World Cinema Documentary.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In addition to playing at other film festivals including the True/False Film Festival and the Traverse City Film Festival, the film opened in New York and Los Angeles on July 27, 2012, before a larger domestic cinematic run. It was also screened as part of cinema programs in some European music festivals during the summer of 2012, including the Way Out West festival in August, where Rodriguez also performed. In November it won both the Audience Award and the Best Music Documentary Award at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: The "Searching for Sugar Man" soundtrack features a compilation of Rodriguez tracks from his albums "Cold Fact" and "Coming from Reality", in addition to three previously unreleased songs from his third unfinished album. The album was released on July 24, 2012. To allay possible concerns raised in the film about how Rodriguez was apparently cheated by his previous record label, the back cover bears the statement, "Rodriguez receives royalties from the sale of this release."


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: On January 13, 2013, "Searching for Sugar Man" was nominated for and, on February 24, 2013, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 85th Academy Awards. Rodriguez declined to attend the award ceremony as he did not want to overshadow the filmmakers' achievement. Upon accepting his award, Chinn remarked on such generosity, "That just about says everything about that man and his story that you want to know." Malik Bendjelloul also said on stage, "Thanks to one of the greatest singers ever, Rodriguez."


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Since the cinematic release of "Searching for Sugar Man" in 2012, Rodriguez has experienced a flush of media exposure and fan interest in the United States, as well as Europe. He appeared as a musical guest on the "Late Show with David Letterman" on August 14, 2012, performing "Crucify Your Mind", and performed "Can't Get Away" on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" on January 11, 2013.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Prominent news coverage has included a mid-August 2012 CNN feature story with an interview of Rodriguez discussing his life and career resurgence. On October 7, 2012, Rodriguez was featured on the U.S. television news program "60 Minutes". On November 18, 2012, Rodriguez was interviewed on the U.K. Sunday morning news program "The Andrew Marr Show", where he also played a short song over the closing credits. He performed on the BBC2 program "Later... with Jools Holland" on November 16, 2012, and was interviewed by Holland. Additionally, he has performed on Internet web series shows such as "The Weekly Comet".


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: The film "Searching for Sugar Man" strongly implies that Rodriguez may have been cheated out of royalties over the years, specifically by Clarence Avant. This matter is still under investigation, and the legal issues are complicated. Rodriguez first expressed indifference to these "symbols of success" but has then filed a lawsuit in 2013. In 2015, the lawsuit was reported to have been settled with no amount disclosed.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In addition to concerts in Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, Rodriguez's tour schedule for 2013 included his most highly attended U.S. concerts to date, such as a stint at the Beacon Theatre in New York City in April and a spot at the 2014 Sasquatch Music Festival at The Gorge Amphitheatre, as well as other concerts in Europe. He played on the Park Stage at the Glastonbury Festival, U.K., in June 2013. On July 5, 2013, Rodriguez opened the Montreux Jazz festival. On August 10, 2013, he headlined at the Wilderness Festival in the U.K. In 2015, he opened for Brian Wilson's tour with Wilson, Al Jardine and Blondie Chaplin of The Beach Boys.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Rodriguez received additional marketing in 2014 as the Dave Matthews Band often covered "Sugar Man" in their summer tour. Matthews would often preface the song with his experience as a fan of Rodriguez growing up in South Africa and his surprise at Rodriguez's lack of popularity in the United States.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: In 2015, Craig Bartholomew Strydom and Stephen "Sugar" Segerman published a book entitled "Sugar Man: The Life, Death and Resurrection of Sixto Rodriguez". A review in "Business Day" called the book "probably one of the most unusual rock 'n roll stories out there".


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Rodriguez continues to tour the United States and Canada. He headlined a tour in August 2018, ending with a hometown show at Detroit's Garden Theater.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Rodriguez and the process of his rediscovery was the subject of a 2022 episode of Outlook on the BBC World Service.


title: Sixto Rodriguez

text: Rodriguez has three daughters: Eva, Sandra, and Regan, and is separated from his second wife, Konny Koskos. His family is heavily involved in his career and he often takes them along on the road.


title: Luanda

text: Luanda () is the capital and largest city in Angola. It is Angola's primary port, and its major industrial, cultural and urban centre. Located on Angola's northern Atlantic coast, Luanda is Angola's administrative centre, its chief seaport, and also the capital of the Luanda Province. Luanda and its metropolitan area is the most populous Portuguese-speaking capital city in the world and the most populous Lusophone city outside Brazil, with over 8.3 million inhabitants in 2020 (a third of Angola's population).


title: Luanda

text: Among the oldest colonial cities of Africa, it was founded in January 1576 as "São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda" by Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais. The city served as the centre of the slave trade to Brazil before its prohibition. At the start of the Angolan Civil War in 1975, most of the white Portuguese left as refugees, principally for Portugal. Luanda's population increased greatly from refugees fleeing the war, but its infrastructure was inadequate to handle the increase. This also caused the exacerbation of slums, or musseques, around Luanda. The city is undergoing a major reconstruction, with many large developments taking place that will alter its cityscape significantly.


title: Luanda

text: The industries present in the city include the processing of agricultural products, beverage production, textile, cement, new car assembly plants, construction materials, plastics, metallurgy, cigarettes and shoes. The city is also notable as an economic centre for oil, and a refinery is located in the city. Luanda has been considered one of the most expensive cities in the world for expatriates. The inhabitants of Luanda are mostly members of the ethnic group of the Ambundu, but in recent times there has been an increase of the number of the Bakongo and the Ovimbundu. There exists a European population, consisting mainly of Portuguese. Luanda was the main host city for the matches of the 2010 African Cup of Nations.


title: Luanda

text: Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais founded Luanda on 25 January 1576 as "São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda", with one hundred families of settlers and four hundred soldiers. In 1618, the Portuguese built the fortress called "Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra", and they subsequently built two more: Fortaleza de São Miguel (1634) and Forte de São Francisco do Penedo (1765–66). Of these, the Fortaleza de São Miguel is the best preserved.


title: Luanda

text: Luanda was Portugal's bridgehead from 1627, except during the Dutch rule of Luanda, from 1640 to 1648, as Fort Aardenburgh. The city served as the centre of slave trade to Brazil from circa 1550 to 1836. The slave trade was conducted mostly with the Portuguese colony of Brazil; Brazilian ships were the most numerous in the port of Luanda. This slave trade also involved local merchants and warriors who profited from the trade. During this period, no large scale territorial conquest was intended by the Portuguese; only a few minor settlements were established in the immediate hinterland of Luanda, some on the last stretch of the Kwanza River.


title: Luanda

text: In the 17th century, the Imbangala became the main rivals of the Mbundu in supplying slaves to the Luanda market. In the 1750s, between 5,000 and 10,000 slaves were annually sold. By this time, Angola, a Portuguese colony, was in fact like a colony of Brazil, paradoxically another Portuguese colony. A strong degree of Brazilian influence was noted in Luanda until the Independence of Brazil in 1822.


title: Luanda

text: In the 19th century, still under Portuguese rule, Luanda experienced a major economic revolution. The slave trade was abolished in 1836, and in 1844, Angola's ports were opened to foreign shipping. By 1850, Luanda was one of the greatest and most developed Portuguese cities in the vast Portuguese Empire outside Continental Portugal, full of trading companies, exporting (together with Benguela) palm and peanut oil, wax, copal, timber, ivory, cotton, coffee, and cocoa, among many other products. Maize, tobacco, dried meat, and cassava flour are also produced locally. The Angolan bourgeoisie was born by this time.


title: Luanda

text: In 1889, Governor Brito Capelo opened the gates of an aqueduct which supplied the city with water, a formerly scarce resource, laying the foundation for major growth.


title: Luanda

text: Throughout Portugal's dictatorship, known as the Estado Novo, Luanda grew from a town of 61,208 with 14.6% of those inhabitants being white in 1940, to a wealthy cosmopolitan major city of 475,328 in 1970 with 124,814 Europeans (26.3%) and around 50,000 mixed race inhabitants (10.5%).


title: Luanda

text: Like most of Portuguese Angola, the cosmopolitan city of Luanda was not affected by the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974); economic growth and development in the entire region reached record highs during this period. In 1972, a report called Luanda the "Paris of Africa".


title: Luanda

text: By the time of Angolan independence in 1975, Luanda was a modern city. The majority of its population was African, but it was dominated by a strong minority of white Portuguese origin.


title: Luanda

text: After the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon on April 25, 1974, with the advent of independence and the start of the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002), most of the white Portuguese Luandans left as refugees, principally for Portugal, however many travelled over land to South Africa.


title: Luanda

text: The large numbers of skilled technicians among the force of Cuban soldiers sent in to support the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) government in the Angolan Civil War were able to make a valuable contribution to restoring and maintaining basic services in the city.