title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: By 1983, Bauhaus had broken up and Murphy went on to new projects not involving Bauhaus members Kevin Haskins, David J or Daniel Ash. He received an offer to play Fletcher Christian in a remake of "Mutiny on the Bounty". He also auditioned for a role of Tarzan in "". The British director Derek Jarman was interested in using him in his film "Carravagio". Murphy turned many of these offers down due to his insecurity of his slight stammer as he was very conscientious about it. This speech impediment made Murphy anxious about branching out to film, TV and radio work despite the encouragement of his ex-manager Harry Isles to accept some of these roles. He even refused a follow up ad for Maxwell since in his words, "they wanted me to go through space with this dolly bird." However, Murphy did focus a significant amount of time to dance and his interest in this activity strength with his new girlfriend and future wife, Beyhan Foulkes. She was a choreographer. As Murphy explained: "She’s introduced me to new aspects of movement and dance that I’d like to try. I’ve always liked the modern Ballet Rambert style of dance and I’d like to co-ordinate that with my music…writing the music and dance together." Murphy made an appearance on the TV arts programme Riverside, one month after Bauhaus split up, where he performed a dance routine in a sandpit in a "locationally obscure" beach with a female dance partner, Annie Cox. The background music for this routine was the Bauhaus track "Hollow Hills". It was not received well by the public and even Murphy admitted that, "it didn’t work. It looked rather silly really." Despite his interest in the subject, Murphy did not want to be a serious dancer. He found dance to be useful skill for his repertoire. As Murphy explained: "I’ve learnt things and I’m storing them for whenever the need comes to use them." He also made an appearance to take part of Nicholas Treadwell's Superhumanist Exhibition at an old manor house that was converted into a studio and gallery in Canterbury. Murphy explained this experience: "I appeared as the Father of Time in one dance. It was an environmental Dance installation which people would experience as they walked through the gallery." After some brief dabbling with acting and dance – including a television performance to Bauhaus's "Hollow Hills". In the aftermath of Bauhaus splitting up, Beggars Banquet had offered him a recording contact as a solo artist but Murphy declined. Murphy showed no interest in making music for one year after the band's break up.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: After one year, Murphy wanted to record music again. However, he had difficulties with creating music at the time since his bandmates from Bauhaus had come up with the musical ideas and use them in their work. Murphy's input was limited to writing and interpreting lyrics, creating vocal rhythms, adding vocal parts into songs. Also, despite Murphy's input to the occasional sound effect on a Wasp synthesiser, playing a few percussion instruments and efforts of basic guitar, he did not play any musical instruments professionally. Murphy later explained this: "As a solo artist I had to learn to make records without this machine I had been part of. I had no skill. No idea what I should do. I was suddenly a solo person writing from where? From what perspective? So I was looking to find what I had to offer." Murphy was in need of a collaborator at the time. Around the same time, the bass player Mick Karn from the glam rock band Japan was struggling with his solo career as well when his band split up. Despite his musical ability, recorded demos and session work, Karn was struggling to get a record deal since he was mainly interested in making instrumental music rather than pop songs. In order to secure a record deal, he needed to convince a record company that his work has commercial prospects. Karn was looking for a frontman.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In 1984, Murphy and Karn formed Dalis Car. The origins of the band started during an Murphy's interview by a Japanese journalist for the Magazine "Quiet Life", where he spoke of his admiration for Mick Karn's work and his unique bass style. The same journalist interviewed Karn a week before Murphy's interview and had Karn's telephone number. Murphy jotted Karn's number down and called Karn for a conversation. This led to a meeting and dinner in a restaurant and both discovered that they had a connection with each other. Did led to the creation of Dali's Car along with drummer, Paul Vincent Lawson. Despite the popular belief that the group took their name from a Captain Beefheart song from his seminal album, Trout Mask Replica, this was apocryphal. Instead, the name came from a dream from Murphy's friend, where he dreamed of buying a car belonging to Salvador Dalí. There were issues and conflicts during this time. Karn explained one issue on how each of them had a different way to construct music: "There would be whole sections I'd leave for the vocals to take over the track, whereas Pete saw it from a completely different musical perspective; "Well, this is such a nice musical break I don't want to touch it."So I guess there was a certain amount of friction caused by that because we both heard the tracks in a completely different way." Another issue was their drummer, Paul Lawson. As Karn explained: "He was supposed to be the other third of the band. Originally, that was the idea. He would be playing live drums – we got on with him very well, he was very young and eager – unfortunately when we got into the studio we found that nerves took over and he couldn’t actually play so much. So we ended up having him programme most of the patterns rather than play them." Despite not touring in front of live audience due to these previous issues, they did make a performance of their single "His Box" on "The Old Grey Whistle Test" where they played over a backing track. One commentator mentioned their reaction to their appearance in the performance by saying: "In their sober suits they looked like investment bankers who had just had a bad day on the stock market". The group recorded only one album called "The Waking Hour". The cover was the painting "Daybreak" by American artist Maxfield Parrish. The album went overbudget and was not successful and despite Karn's willingness to continue on with the group, Murphy was not interested based on the lack of success. In fact, he did not even show up when Karn established the bonus tracks for their single, where Murphy would prefer to stay in Turkey with this wife. According to Karn: "by that point it became obvious that Peter didn't want to carry on with it."


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: After Dalis Car's lack of commercial success, Murphy wanted to have more creative control and influence to the record that he wanted to make. As he explained that he wanted: "to see if there was anything worth pursuing as a solo artist, to fish around and see if I was talented enough to make something interesting". He was still in need of a collaborator and wanted to find someone to work with than oppose. He eventually choose L. Howard Hughes from the Associates, who he has met six months previously when he was still in Dali's Car. Initially Peter Kent, who was somewhat Murphy’s manager at the time, recommended Hughes to him as an ideal candidate for Murphy. They had a meeting together, however, Murphy was still committed to Dali's Car at the time, so Hughes did not think much of it until he got a call from Murphy after Dali's Car was finished, asking to collaborate. They then decided to have a meeting at Cornwall, where Howard was living at the time. So, Murphy took a train to Cornwall and they both met in the train station and Hughes drove him to his house. During this meeting, Hughes admitted to never having heard Bauhaus before. As Hughes explained: "I just knew you were this band with this crazy singer." Murphy in jest demanded that he drive him back to the station.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: During the days after they had their last meeting, they both recorded some demos (such as "Confessions of a Mask" and "Canvas Beauty") and sent them to Beggars Banquet. They liked the demos and were put into a studio because of this. Murphy picked Ivo Watts-Russell of 4AD records as the producer his first solo record. Despite Watts-Russell never producing a record before at the time, Murphy chose him due to wanting a non-musician and liking his mixing work of music with different musicians in the record It'll End in Tears. Hughes motivated Murphy to participate in musical ideas for his solo album. This allowed Murphy to contribute to musical fragments and then Hughes could take those fragments and transform them into music. Hughes explained the process of this procedure: "Pete had melodic ideas and he also had a lot of other ideas, guitar ideas and bits of drum patterns. I said, 'whatever, we'll just make it up'. It was quite an easy and free way to work. At that time I was really influenced by Talking Heads’ Remain In Light album. All of tracks have two or three note bass lines all through the track, and all of the music on top would go in all sorts of different directions but the bass lines always remained the same." Murphy wanted to gather all sorts of people who he thought was going to make an interesting contribution to his album. For his cover of Magazine’s "The Light Pours Out Of Me", he got in John McGeoch to recreate his guitar part of the song. Other notable contributors would include a Turkish guitarist Erkan Oğur and Daniel Ash. Ironicially, one of the song of the album, "The Answer is Clear" was a response to Daniel Ash regarding a perceived song about him called "Movement of Fear" with Ash's band Tones on Tail. Murphy explained the origins of this song: "[Ash's Movement of Fear] seemed like it was about me and I really objected to him writing about me in public. I felt that it was impolite. Breaking confidence. So I wrote a song, 'The Answer Is Clear'."


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: They sent the music to Beggars Banquet and approved of the album. In regards to the finishing tapes, Ivo Watts-Russell was responsible for the initially mixing the album. While Murphy was intriguted with the ambient style of mixing, both he and Hughes took the tapes and decided to mix them by themselves. However, Ivo’s contribution of the single "Final Solution" were kept and the "ambient" mix of the title track of the album did show up on the B-side of the single. Murphy had full control of choosing the cover art for the album. The album cover art was contributed by a Venezuelan artist Carlos Sosa, who was a friend of Murphy. Murphy decided to convince Beggars Banquet to pay for Sosa’s plane ticket from Venezuela to England to get the cover art. Murphy explained his friend's style of painting and how it contributed to the cover art: "His stuff was now very simple, childlike, unknowing and naïve. He thought that was how my album was. So we painted (the cover) together in my attic. It was like a nursery picture." Murphy's first solo album, "Should the World Fail to Fall Apart" (1986), was similarly overlooked. "Should the World Fail to Fall Apart" did spawn several singles, including a cover of Pere Ubu's "Final Solution". Murphy showed some concerns and reluctance to perform the album live. Murphy explained his reasons on why: "I was pressed to get a band together. I was almost dragged into it by necessity to earn money. I didn’t really feel like going out on the road at all after the exhaustive Bauhaus tours. I was very shy, didn’t really feel confident enough to confront name musicians or really didn’t have any idea of who to choose. After working with Bauhaus, such a creative set of people and such a definite identity, it was going to be difficult to follow that up. To follow it up with a reflection of Bauhaus or something that was in the same direction would be very stupid and unnecessary and not work at all. You just couldn’t get that power."


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: After getting motivated by his manager Graham Bentley, Murphy decided he wanted to go touring again despite his shyness. He interested in setting a backing band to his solo career for live performances. He auditioned several musicians like drummer Terle Bryant, bassist Eddie Branch, guitarist Pete Bonas and keyboardist Paul Statham from B-Movie. Murphy was adamant that the music of his first solo album sound exactly like the LP and the band complies with his request. He also included some songs from his former band Bauhaus due to Murphy being aware of his audience’s expectations based on his reputation. While Murphy wanted his solo career to be distinct from his former band’s work, he was aware of some of the advantages that came from it. As Hughes explained: "We listened to the originals and we did what was there. We weren’t Bauhaus, we didn’t have the Bauhaus attitude or the magic but Pete was singing it so we were 90% there because of that. We just took them apart, put them back together and did them." They played shows in Italy as a warm-up to get Murphy to played live again after being on hiatus and they were successful. However, when the band returned to England to play three shows, the audience were small in comparsion compared to his Bauhaus’ days. When setting up for a tour for America, Howard Hughes decided to leave the band, despite Murphy’s dismay, to focus full time on his own band ‘The Western Approaches’. While Hughes enjoyed being in Murphy’s band, however, the deciding factor of him leaving was when he playing in Japan, where a girl came up to him and asked him to sign his own band’s single, which Hughes remarked: "God knows how she got it. It was on a really small label in the UK." Hughes also mentions: "Pete came around to my house and said; 'I really want you to come to the States with me.' But I really didn't want to go. I definitely wanted to stay here with my own band. I had the same thing with The Associates. I always worked with other people although at the end of the day I wanted to do my own stuff." With Hughes’ departure, Statham took more assignments with full-time keyboard duties, playing some rhythm guitar parts and became Murphy’s new songwriting contributor based on the recommendation from Hughes. Around the same time, his manager Graham Bentley also decided to leave as well. The 19-date North American tour began in Boston on February 10, 1987, and ended in Santa Clara almost month later.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: When returning to England, in alliance with Paul Statham, they decided to begin writing songs for his second solo album. Statham explained the process of this: "He was living in Primrose Hill, he had this attic and just a little four track in there and he'd lock me in there with all his stuff and I'd just sit up there and write some backing tracks for him. I wrote the music first 'All Night Long', 'Indigo Eyes' and 'His Circle and Hers Meets', those three tracks ended up on Love Hysteria and he sang on them. It was really creative, really fun because I didn't know how it was going to turn out. I was thinking what it he going to do on this? The stuff I'd done originally, the versions were very similar to what turned out. I was thinking what is he going to do on this? The stuff I'd done originally, the versions were very similar to what turned out on the record but more commercial a bit more sweet and he kind of knocked the sweetness out of them." Murphy also worked on the material of the album by himself. In regards to producing, despite talks of having Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno, Murphy decided to choose Simon Rogers for production of the album and Beggars Banquet approved of the decision. Murphy’s decision was based on his and Rogers’s shared musical tastes in "world music and ambient stuff". The backing band also contributed to the album songwriting on such tracks such as "Time Has Got Nothing To Do With It" was written with Pete Bonas and "I’ve Got A Miniature Secret Camera" with Eddie Branch. One of the tracks called "Socrates The Python" was improvised. Rogers explained this improvisation: "That was pretty much me and [Murphy] and some percussion and some overdubs. We just sat down and played a few things and it was one of the occasions it worked." Rogers also contributed to filling in the gaps of the album by incorporating samples of Japanese fishermen and incorporating Jean Cocteau on the track "All Night Long". Murphy's record company gave him complete control in the creation of the album.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: When completing the album, Murphy explained that he wanted to "reflect a sense of happiness, strength and optimism which I am currently feeling." In regards to the album’s lyrics, the meaning were more subtle than specific, which made the listener to form his own interpretation to them. As Murphy explained: "Love Hysteria has a lot of other world stories and fairy tales for adults and children – that’s the sort of imaagery I want. I don’t really find commenting on the solid world interesting." The track "All Night Long" became a single along with a promotional music video was created with director Matt Mahurin. Murphy was optimistic about the LP and also wished that it will put labels such as "Grandfather of Goth" behind him. Love Hysteria was his first official solo release to America since Beggars Banquet managed to license Murphy to RCA Records.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: The follow-up, "Love Hysteria" (1988), was not successful in the UK, although it performed better than his previous solo releases in the US. The album also marked the beginning of a long-term collaboration with songwriter Paul Statham from B-Movie, who co-wrote songs with Murphy until 1995. The resulting singles "All Night Long" and "Indigo Eyes" helped garner a wider following, and the black-and-white video for "All Night Long" entered rotation on MTV. The album received a significant amount of airplay on college radio networks in the United States. Due to being more commercial compared to his previous albums, it also allowed Murphy to garner a whole new audience compared to his previous audience with Bauhaus, which in turn, baffled some of his old fans. As Statham explained: "It was the hardcore Bauhaus/Peter Murphy fans who came to the first tour. When we toured to promote Love Hysteria you could see the audience had changed. Down the front you’d have the black (gothic) half, and at the back you’d have the short sleeved college types. The strange thing was the people you didn’t think were into it who came along were the one who got into it and the ones at the front seemed kind of perplexed." To promote the album, Murphy toured and performed live in the United States with the Australian band The Church. Murphy also played a cover of Prince’s Purple Rain during his Love Hysteria tour. Around this time, in order to give Murphy’s backing band an identity, they were named after a line from his single "All Night Long" called "The Hundred Men".


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: The pinnacle of Murphy's solo popularity in the US came with the release of "Deep" (1989). For this album, Murphy sported hair dyed platinum blonde and returned to the more aggressive alt-rock sound that was a trademark of early Bauhaus. The single "Cuts You Up" from "Deep" held on to the top spot on the "Billboard" Modern Rock Tracks chart for seven weeks. "Cuts You Up" remains Murphy's most popular song to date, which has led many critics to refer to him as a one hit wonder artist.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: His lead single, "Cuts You Up" would become a surprise success along with his upcoming album Deep. According to Simon Rogers regarding the single, "It was pretty much exactly like the demo. That violin part just came out. It was just there. (Peter) did it with a sample. We actually got someone to play it. We thought it would be bliss if someone actually played that line. We got a really great viola player in to do it – it was shit – he played it great but it didn't sound as good as the sample. It didn't have that atmosphere – it was too moody." The success of Deep allowed Murphy to graduate into larger venues. Sometimes, the crowds would get frantic around that time as well. For example, when Murphy, supported by Jane's Addiction, played at the Fender Ballroom in Los Angeles, the scene become chaotic. According to Pete Bonas: "We were playing 'God Sends' – this light vibe – and there was all mayhem in the audience. People passing out, a crush at the front of the stage, people unconscious, unconscious people on the stage – oxygen bottles. It was crazy." The single "Cuts You Up" topped the college radio charts for 13 weeks and hit number 10 in the AOR chart as well. The success of the single caught the record label, RCA Records, by surprise. According to Statham: "Cuts You Up sold 250,000 copies in three weeks and they were caught on the hop. So they threw themselves into a mad frenzy of promotion across the country. At Tower Records in Los Angeles they placed a big cardboard figure of Pete in the car forecourt. They suddenly realised that they were onto something. They went mad. It was like Spinal Tap, after every gig there was twenty to thirty people from RCA (backstage) in every town". The album eventually sold 350,000 copies and reached up to number 41 in the Billboard charts. The follow-up single "A Strange Kind of Love" did not achieve the same success as its predecessor. Paul Statham recalled his feeling when they faced with such significant success and reduction in such as short time, "We found out what it was like to be flavour of the month. For one month." Despite this, the success of Deep allowed Murphy to play in front of large audiences and even played in the Universal Amphitheatre in California to 25,000 people. Murphy played a cover of Captain Beefheart’s song "Clear Spot" on his "Deep" tour.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: During this time, the band "The Hundred Men" wanted to be recognised by their own name rather than being Murphy’s backing band. They wanted to have their name billed with Murphy. However, despite Murphy willing to accommodate this request, the promoters and management were not interested in satisfying this request considering that the public wanted to see Murphy rather than the backing band. During the zenith of the "Deep" era, RCA actually did discuss about having "The Hundred Men" signed up as a recording act their own right. However, nothing came out of this discussion. In contrast to his involvement with Bauhaus where "we had to listen to each other in the studio", Murphy liked his solo career where he can make sure that things were done according to his own discretion regarding on stage and in the studio as well. According to Statham, "Nobody was interested in us It was Pete, Pete, Pete, Pete, Pete. So of course he had to do everything."


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Based on the success of "Deep", Murphy was confident that his next LP would continue to move him up the charts. However, after touring incessantly, he wanted to have a break and spend more time with his family in Turkey. So he worked in his own pace and divided his time between London and Turkey. Two years later, Murphy decided to record again with, at the suggestion of Martin Mills, Mike Throne as a producer. Murphy liked and appreciated his work with bands such as Wire, Marc Almond and The Communards and even two singles from Paul Statham’s old band B-Movie.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Regarding the sound of the LP, Murphy explained: "I wanted to make use of the band properly this time – wanted to capture the live feel of the band then texture them". This contrasts with his two earlier albums that had been constructed together by substantial sampling of the musicians. The pre-production, which lasted for two weeks in New York, only involved Paul involved Murphy, Throne and Statham. At this time, the main content of four tracks were created at that time. During this time, several issues arose. Murphy was very aware of his next LP after Deep could potentially help him break the charts and cross over into the mainstream. This awareness made Murphy nervous and thus made him arduous in maintaining a bond with Thorne. Also, his band did not produce the results that Murphy wanted, and Murphy was willing to continue with the sessions until he got everything that he wanted. Thorne recalled that this was the longest time he spend on a LP.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: This LP was called Holy Smoke, which was released in 1992. In America, it sold only an underwhelming 100,000 copies. There was a single called "Hit Song". Mike Thorne commented on the track: "We all genuinely enjoyed the song despite it straight ahead ballad style - there was no deliberate straining for crossover success. If anything Peter’s self-consciousness lay in avoiding potential crossover sounds and conventional music marketry producing to the detriment of impact." Bauhaus author Ian Shirley suggested that the album did not do so well due to the time lapse when grunge broke into the mainstream consciousness and lack of standing out. It has been suggested that Murphy’s previous marketing team for Deep were removed when RCA Records was taken over by BMG. Despite this, his new marketing team did manage to get Murphy booked on his first American TV exposure on the Dennis Miller Show on April 22, 1992, where he performed the song, "You’re So Close"; the single that RCA Records wanted to have as the first single. Murphy commented on this experience, "I look back on that. That was my first ever major exposure in America. I turned up in a cassock! Artistically it was natural, full of the imagery I wanted for the live show. But in the context of the Dennis Miller Show! I suddenly saw how I appeared to people en masse and it was as an obscure English artist, some weird bloke looking theatrical but in a way that was inappropriate."


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: For the cover of the album, Murphy chose photographer Anton Corbijn to do a session for it, where he came up with a variation of shots in different locations, poses along with numerous techniques. Murphy commented on the photo that ultimately became the cover of his LP, "I lined the photographs up in my house for a week. This one photograph was really haunting me, it was kind of very powerful and quite difficult to deal with – and to contemplate it as an album cover was quite radical, very brave actually at a point where I was following up Deep." Also, according to Murphy regarding the message of the picture, he was making, "A radical statement against image, the plastic use of image, personality and forced charisma in the music business. It was an obvious statement against that." This did not help his album sales as some of his fans were baffled of the image considering his imagery in the past.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Shirley suggested that Murphy’s mistakes were made worst when he got Paul Morley to do his press release, which did not help sell Murphy to the masses. In his speech, Morley admitted: "I know very little about Peter Murphy. I know his name, and I know the shape of his head, because it’s a shape I’ve always been very jealous of. I think anyone with a head shaped like that, all kind of sharp and hollow and almost sinister, must have something of the magical about him. I wonder if it’s a fluke that he has a head like that, a splendid accident of birth, or has it been sheer vain anxious will-power that has shaped Peter Murphy’s head into something so positively Artaudian, if you’ll pardon my French. I know also that he has eyes as hollow as a dream, eyes that seem incapable of shame, and a decayed mouth that could but for the grace of God eat you alive and kiss you to death." At the end of the tour promoting the album, the band "The Hundred Men" was spilt up by Murphy. Murphy commented that "the band run its course. It was a wonderful band but I knew something was going to change." Shirley suggested that the poor sales of the LP along with financial issues since the band had no contractual associations with either Beggars Banquet or RCA and instead were paid a weekly payment by Murphy’s management company for seven years, could be the main factors for the band’s spilt.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Murphy moved to Turkey with his wife, and a Middle Eastern influence can be heard in his later albums. 1992's "Holy Smoke" mixed some traditional Turkish influences into the music while continuing the sound pioneered on "Deep".


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Around this time after Holy Smoke, Murphy decided to permanent reside in Turkey with his family. Despite not touring or recording, he still continued to write songs with Paul Statham. In 1994, Murphy decided to record a new album with Statham and producer Pascal Gabriel. The basic programming for the LP was done at Peter Gabriel’s Real World Studio near Bath. They then moved to Spain for a period of six weeks. Murphy was interested to have musicians such as Robert Fripp (from King Crimson) and Peter Brook contribute to the album. However, this interest did not come into fruition.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In 1995, Murphy embraced a lower-key, ambient pop sound for "Cascade", featuring producer Pascal Gabriel, guest work from "infinite guitarist" Michael Brook, and overall a much stronger incorporation of electronics. This album was also to be his last major collaboration with Paul Statham, who departed to form Peach with Gabriel and eventually write songs for Dido and Kylie Minogue. "Cascade" was also Murphy's last original release for Beggars Banquet Records, which had been his label since Bauhaus. To promote the album, Murphy was a musical guest on MTV's "The Jon Stewart Show", performing his song "The Scarlet Thing in You" on May 23, 1995. The American folk musician Jewel was the opening act for Murphy on his North American tour in support of the album.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Shortly after his departure from Beggars Banquet, Murphy recorded the "Recall" EP for the newly formed Red Ant records, featuring a few new songs and some new, heavily electronic versions of older material, reworked in conjunction with Sascha Konietzko, Bill Rieflin and Tim Skold of the band KMFDM. Once again, Murphy became label-mates with former Bauhaus alums Love and Rockets, who had also signed to Red Ant. This generated a significant number of rumours regarding a possible reformation of Bauhaus. While Red Ant quickly folded, Bauhaus did reform in 1998 for the "Resurrection" tour, one performance of which (at the Hammerstein Ballroom, New York City) was recorded and released on DVD by Metropolis Records as "Gotham". The tour was a success.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In 2000, Murphy performed his international "Just for Love" tour, which resulted in the album "aLive Just for Love". It is a live recording of a fully uninterrupted set from the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles on 30 November 2000. During the tour, Murphy chose to perform with only two back-up musicians, Canadian electric violinist Hugh Marsh and Peter DiStefano from Porno for Pyros on guitar, although former Bauhaus bassist David J sometimes joined the trio for an encore. At this point, Murphy also contributed to works by film composer Harry Gregson-Williams.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Also in 2000, Murphy gave a nod to the North American goth scene, where his solo works and his works with Bauhaus are still popular, by making a surprise guest appearance at the sixth annual Convergence festival in Seattle, to perform a low-key, acoustic solo set.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Shortly thereafter, Murphy collaborated with the Turkish artist Mercan Dede on the album "Dust" (2002). Heavily steeped in traditional Turkish instrumentation and songwriting, coupled with Dede's trademark atmospheric electronics, the album showed Murphy all but abandoning his previous pop and rock incarnations. "Dust", released on goth/industrial stalwart label Metropolis Records, alienated many fans who had expected a more uptempo Murphy album (especially post-"Recall"), but it garnered some critical praise. Murphy considers it his most unusual work to date and is most proud of the song "Your Face" from the album.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In 2004, Murphy signed to yet another new label, Viastar, which was home to several other 1980s pop artists who had moved into more eclectic areas. Despite numerous problems with the label, the album "Unshattered" was released that year, showcasing Murphy returning to a more pop sound.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Murphy undertook extensive tours of Europe and the US to promote "Unshattered" in 2005, with a live band featuring guitarist Mark Thwaite, (The Mission, Tricky) on guitar, Jeff Schartoff of Human Waste Project and Professional Murder Music on bass and Justin Bennett of Skinny Puppy on drums. Murphy and the band reconvened in November 2007 for shows in Portugal and Spain, with Nick Lucero replacing Bennett on drums. In May 2008, Murphy recorded a cover of the song "Warm Leatherette" with Trent Reznor and Jeordie White from Nine Inch Nails. This was played live at an intimate studio performance, and the video recording was released on both the official Nine Inch Nails website and on YouTube.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In 2009, Murphy appeared at shows across the United States with Reznor and the band members Reznor had for the Lights in the Sky Over North America 2008 tour. He also appeared with Nine Inch Nails in August 2009 at Terminal 5 as a special guest musician. Additionally, he appeared with Nine Inch Nails on 28 and 29 August at the Aragon Ballroom.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Throughout 2009, Murphy released a series of cover songs exclusively through iTunes. The released songs are "Instant Karma!" (originally by John Lennon), "Space Oddity" (originally by David Bowie), "Transmission" (originally by Joy Division), and "Hurt" (originally by Nine Inch Nails). In support of these releases, Murphy underwent an international tour entitled The Secret Covers Tour. During this time, an additional cover song, "Soul of the World", was released through his official website.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In 2010, Murphy made a cameo appearance in "" as "The Cold One". In the summer of 2010, Murphy began his Dirty Dirt Tour in promotion of his studio album "Ninth".


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In August 2010, on a video blog on his MySpace page, Murphy announced that he was once again going to be working with Mick Karn on a second Dalis Car album, adding that this would be the first time they had seen each other since 1983. Several months prior to this announcement, Karn had been diagnosed with stage-four cancer. The recording session took place in September 2010; however, because of Karn's increasingly severe illness, they only managed to record four songs during the session. Karn died on 4 January 2011 and his website announced that the songs the duo recorded would be released as an EP later in 2011. The finished five-track EP, "InGladAloneness", was released in 2012.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In February 2011, Murphy announced a 29-date tour across North America to support his upcoming album, "Ninth", released in June 2011. Murphy released the song "I Spit Roses" as a digital single through online retailers in March 2011, as well as single "Seesaw Sway" that May.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In September 2012, Murphy performed a duet with the Comic book writer Stan Lee on the song "That Old Black Magic" for his Comikaze expo.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: Starting in April 2013, Murphy toured Europe and the US on the Mr Moonlight Tour, celebrating 35 years of Bauhaus, with longtime guitarist Mark Thwaite, drummer Nick Lucero and bassist Emilio DiZefalo-China. He later replaced guitarist Mark Thwaite (who left the band in September 2013) with Andee Blacksugar in October, who finished out the remaining tour dates in China, Russia, Australia and New Zealand.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In June 2014, Murphy released his tenth studio album, "Lion". In June 2015, he released "Remixes from Lion", featuring remixes by Youth along with four bonus songs from the "Lion" recording sessions.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: The first 7-inch single Murphy bought was "A Hard Day's Night" by the Beatles. In a 2018 interview with "The Rockpit", Murphy further elaborated on his musical beginnings:


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: "Well I was like the bookbinder printer-skilled chap, and Danny (Ash) had left school and he went to Art School four years or five years later and I got onto a course there with just one week's worth of work that I'd just scraped together, but I didn't want to go I felt very introverted and didn't want that, it was more about going into that environment. So I internalised and listened to my music. After school everyone had split and gone their own ways, all the friends I had were artists but I was a kid who was interested in a multitude of things, I loved literature, all kinds of things, anything I turned my hand to, but there was no outlet for it. Which is typical because in that fertile earth of Britain where nothing happens a lot comes out you know. So I'd really been listening to music from being a baby, from 1st World War and 2nd World War songs through to Doris Day, then Simon and Garfunkel, Rolling Stones, the Beatles, to all the early Reggae stuff. It was a very musical family in terms of listening and singing, there was lots of music in the house and then in 1966 the Beatles explode and the radio is everywhere. Everywhere you go there's music but on reflection now what's happening is that there's just this generic mush everywhere, you know what I mean? ...But I love to listen to vocal harmonies so there's the Beatles and the Everly Brothers, and voices… Plus there was a very strong influence from Mass, you know the Catholic Mass at school where hymns were always really choral, and that was inspiring even from the first day when I was five. School itself was in this lovely little old building with this high ambient ceiling, a very 'reverb' place a where we sang 'Ave Maria' with this Spanish Teacher who was so inspired to get us to sing. So all this was going on in my head and I didn't have any other context other than loving it, and I would sing all the time."


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In 1992, Murphy moved to Istanbul with his Turkish wife, Beyhan, who is the head choreographer of the Turkish National Modern Dance group. They have two children: daughter Hurihan Murphy and son Adem Murphy. In adulthood, Murphy converted from Roman Catholicism to Sufism. In 2013, Murphy received a three-year probation sentence for a California hit-and-run accident.


title: Peter Murphy (musician)

text: In August 2019, on the eighth night of a two-week residency at New York City's Le Poisson Rouge, Murphy was hospitalized for a heart attack at Lenox Hill Hospital. Murphy underwent an angioplasty and had two stents implanted in his heart; he released a statement ten days later that thanked his medical team for saving his life. He stated that he had made a "full recovery" and "was up and running again," sufficiently enough to perform the remaining rescheduled dates in January 2020.


title: Lombard Street (San Francisco)

text: Lombard Street is an east–west street in San Francisco, California that is famous for a steep, one-block section with eight hairpin turns. Stretching from The Presidio east to The Embarcadero (with a gap on Telegraph Hill), most of the street's western segment is a major thoroughfare designated as part of U.S. Route 101. The famous one-block section, claimed to be "the crookedest street in the world", is located along the eastern segment in the Russian Hill neighborhood. It is a major tourist attraction, receiving around two million visitors per year and up to 17,000 per day on busy summer weekends, as of 2015.


title: Lombard Street (San Francisco)

text: Lombard Street's west end is at Presidio Boulevard inside The Presidio; it then heads east through the Cow Hollow neighborhood. For 12 blocks, between Broderick Street and Van Ness Avenue, it is an arterial road that is co-signed as U.S. Route 101. Lombard Street continues through the Russian Hill neighborhood and to the Telegraph Hill neighborhood. At Telegraph Hill it turns south, becoming Telegraph Hill Boulevard to Pioneer Park and Coit Tower. Lombard Street starts again at Winthrop Street and ends at The Embarcadero as a collector road.


title: Lombard Street (San Francisco)

text: Lombard Street is known for the one-way block on Russian Hill between Hyde and Leavenworth Streets, where eight sharp turns are said to make it the most crooked street in the world. The design, first suggested by property owner Carl Henry and built in 1922, was intended to reduce the hill's natural 27 percent grade, which was too steep for most vehicles. The crooked block is about long ( straight line), is one-way (downhill) and is paved with red bricks. The sign at the top recommends .


title: Lombard Street (San Francisco)

text: The segment normally sees around 250 vehicles per hour, with average daily traffic reaching 2630 vehicles in 2013. During peak times, vehicles have to wait up to 20 minutes to enter the Crooked Street segment, in a queue that can reach Van Ness Avenue.


title: Lombard Street (San Francisco)

text: To reduce habitual congestion and delays, future visitors may be required to reserve a time and pay a fee to drive down the crooked street.


title: Lombard Street (San Francisco)

text: By 2017, the area around the curved segment had become a hot-spot of what has been described as "San Francisco's car break-in epidemic." This may in part have been due to its heavy traffic and association with tourism.


title: Lombard Street (San Francisco)

text: The Academy of Art University owns and operates a building called Star Hall on the street for housing purposes.


title: Lombard Street (San Francisco)

text: Past residents of Lombard Street include Rowena Meeks Abdy, an early California painter who worked in the style of Impressionism.


title: Lombard Street (San Francisco)

text: Chase scenes in many films have been filmed on the street, including "Good Neighbor Sam," "Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine," "What's Up, Doc?," "Magnum Force", and "Ant-Man and the Wasp." Lombard Street is also portrayed in the 2015 Pixar film "Inside Out."


title: Rebecca Front

text: Rebecca Louise Front (born 16 May 1964) is an English actress, writer and comedian. She won the 2010 BAFTA TV Award for Best Female Comedy Performance for "The Thick of It" (2009–2012). She is also known for her work in numerous other British comedies, including the radio show "On The Hour" (1992), "The Day Today" (1994), "Knowing Me, Knowing You… with Alan Partridge" (1994), "Time Gentlemen Please" (2000–2002), sketch show "Big Train" (2002), and "Nighty Night" (2004–2005).


title: Rebecca Front

text: Front has also been seen in a number of dramatic roles, including Chief Superintendent Jean Innocent in "Lewis" (2006–2014), Mrs. Bennet in "Death Comes to Pemberley" (2013), Mrs. Landau in "The Eichmann Show" (2015), Vera in "Humans" (2015), and "Death in Paradise" (2019). Her theatre credits include the musicals "Company" and "The Fix" at the Donmar Warehouse, directed by Sam Mendes.


title: Rebecca Front

text: Front was born in Stoke Newington, London, to Sheila and Charles Front. Her mother wrote children's books, which her father illustrated. Her father also designed the title-logo on the cover of The Beatles' album "Rubber Soul". Her father is Jewish and her mother is of Jewish and Welsh descent. Front was brought up in Reform Judaism.


title: Rebecca Front

text: Front became involved in comedy while at St Hugh's College at the University of Oxford, where she read English and became the first female president of The Oxford Revue. She also trained at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art.


title: Rebecca Front

text: While at Oxford in 1984, Front took part in the revue "Stop the Weak". The tour played in Oxford itself, the Gate Theatre, Notting Hill, Edinburgh, Salisbury, and Romsey. In 1985, Front teamed up with Sioned Wiliam and Jon Magnusson to take the show "The Bobo Girls go BOO" to Edinburgh. She made a short promotional video on energy conservation with Michael Simkins in the late 1980s. She achieved a higher profile as a result of her work with Stewart Lee and Richard Herring on the radio shows "Lionel Nimrod's Inexplicable World" and "On the Hour", and the television and radio series "Fist of Fun". She went on to form a close professional association with Chris Morris, Armando Iannucci, Doon Mackichan and Steve Coogan, who all transferred with Front to "The Day Today", the television version of "On the Hour". Completing "The Day Today" were Patrick Marber, who was part of the 1984 Oxford University revue with Front and David Schneider, who took part in the 1985 revue. This cast continued to contribute to the Alan Partridge comedy canon throughout the 1990s.


title: Rebecca Front

text: In recent years Front has also become a fixture on comedy panel shows on British television and radio including "The News Quiz", "Have I Got News for You" and "If I Ruled The World". She has also had minor roles in "The Smell of Reeves and Mortimer", "Absolute Power" and "Absolutely Fabulous" and she has also played straight acting roles in television drama, including "You Can Choose Your Friends", "The Rotters' Club", "Kavanagh QC", "Lewis" and "Jonathan Creek".


title: Rebecca Front

text: In 2003, she was listed in "The Observer" as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy. From 2006, she has written columns for "The Guardian". In 2007, she guest-starred in the "Doctor Who" audio drama "The Mind's Eye". Between 2006 until 2014, Front had a recurring role as Chief Superintendent Jean Innocent on the detective drama series "Lewis", the successor to "Inspector Morse" on ITV.


title: Rebecca Front

text: In 2009 and 2012, respectively, she appeared in the third and fourth series of political satire "The Thick of It", playing Nicola Murray MP, Secretary of State for Citizenship and Social Affairs and in charge of the dysfunctional 'DoSAC', and later, Leader of the Opposition. Front featured in the 2010 BBC comedy series "Grandma's House" playing the part of Simon Amstell's mother Tanya, and "Just William", as the mother of William Brown and also starred in the 2011 live-action 3D family comedy film "Horrid Henry: The Movie" as Henry's headmistress, Miss Oddbod.


title: Rebecca Front

text: In 2012 Front starred as the psychiatrist in the Sky Arts sketch series "Psychobitches", where Front's character offers therapy to notable women of history and the present day, including Anne Boleyn, Mary Queen of Scots, Mary Shelley, Enid Blyton, Eva Braun, Mary Pickford, Edith Piaf, and Anna Nicole Smith. The series aired on the British television channel Sky Arts 1. The first episode of a second series was broadcast on 25 November 2014. In 2013, she starred in the new Sky Living comedy "The Spa", in the role of Alison Crabbe. She plays Cox in "The Wrong Mans", a six-part comedy-thriller for BBC Two. The premiere was on 24 September 2013. She reprised this role in December 2014 for a special two-parter. She narrated "Fox Wars" which was broadcast on 22 October 2013.


title: Rebecca Front

text: In December 2013, Sky Atlantic aired a new comedy series called "Little Cracker". The second programme in the series was an autobiographical story written by Front and her brother Jeremy. It concerns the time she witnessed the near-drowning of her father in a lake; that incident was closely followed by the death of her grandfather. The proximity of these two experiences caused Front considerable personal anguish. Front was eleven years old at the time and, because of the trauma she suffered, she went through a period of not wanting to attend school. The programme included a comedic treatment of this time in her life, followed by Front and her brother explaining the background to the story, and how they came to write and dramatise it. In the programme, Front was played by Lucy Hutchinson, and her father was played by the actor Richard Lumsden. Samantha Spiro played her mother and Front played her headmistress, Miss Dyson. Front's school friend character, Karen, was played by Imogen Front.


title: Rebecca Front

text: For their Christmas season, the BBC commissioned "Death Comes to Pemberley", a three-part British television drama based on characters created by Jane Austen in her novel "Pride and Prejudice". The first episode aired on BBC One at 8.15pm on Boxing Day 2013, was based on the best selling novel by P. D. James, the story returns to the world of Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" and involves its characters in a new tale of murder and emotional mayhem. Front played the part of Mrs Bennet.


title: Rebecca Front

text: In January 2014, Front appeared in the "Midsomer Murders" episode "Let Us Prey", about a serial killer who uses medieval torture methods to dispatch their victims. She appeared in the BBC series "Outnumbered", playing the headmistress at Karen's school in early 2014. Front portrayed Fiona in the BBC Radio 4 series "Love in Recovery". She also starred in the sitcom "Up the Women" as Helen Bute, the antagonist for three episodes in mid-2013 and a six-episode series in 2015. From 2014 to 2019, she narrated the Channel 4 series "The Supervet".


title: Rebecca Front

text: Front's book "Curious: True Stories and Loose Connections" (published 2014) is a collection of autobiographical stories.


title: Rebecca Front

text: Jeremy Front, her brother, is a writer and comic actor. They have collaborated on writing and performance projects. The most recent is a series of spoof documentaries, "Incredible Women", for BBC Radio 4.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: Victoria Elizabeth Marie "Tori" Stafford (July 15, 2000 – April 8, 2009) was a Canadian girl who was abducted, raped, and murdered by Michael Rafferty and Terri-Lynne McClintic. Her body was found three months later in a wooded area in rural Ontario. Her disappearance, and the subsequent investigation and search, were the subject of massive media coverage across Canada.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: The police response to the situation as it developed, as well as their failure to announce an AMBER Alert was criticized by the public, and has been the focus of a review of the Amber Alert system in Canada. The circumstances of her death were unknown to the public until a publication ban was lifted in December 2010.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: At around 3:30p.m. on April8, 2009, Stafford left Oliver Stephens Public School to go home, and was captured on security camera at 3:32p.m. being led down Fyfe Avenue, Woodstock, by a woman. When she failed to return home, she was reported missing by her grandmother at 6:04p.m.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: Suspicion initially rested on Stafford's mother, Tara McDonald, as she had waited two hours to report her daughter missing, even though her walk home from school was only a few blocks. Additionally, McDonald was unemployed, addicted to drugs, and hadn't gone out to search for her daughter, leaving it to the girl's grandmother to search for her, and later file a missing persons report. McDonald was suspected of being the woman in the security footage, which McClintic later confessed to. In an interrogation, McClintic told investigators she lured Stafford to a vehicle with promises of showing her a puppy.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: Five days after Stafford's disappearance, police called off the ground search, and her classmates returned to school the next day.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: The case was featured in the April25, 2009, episode of "America's Most Wanted". The initial investigation was led by the local police, and was later turned into a joint investigation with the Ontario Provincial Police, switching from a missing person investigation to an abduction case.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: On May20, 2009, police charged Michael Thomas Christopher Stephen Rafferty, 28, with first-degree murder and Terri-Lynne McClintic, 18, with being an accessory to murder (in addition to lesser charges) in the abduction and suspected murder of Stafford. Ontario Provincial Police indicated that Stafford's mother was familiar with McClintic. McClintic assisted the police search for the remains of Stafford after her arrest, and her lawyer stated that her client, "wants Tori's family to know she is trying hard to find her body".


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: On May28, 2009, McClintic's charges were altered to a first-degree murder charge and an unlawful confinement charge, and it was announced that the accused would be tried separately.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: On July21, 2009, police confirmed that remains found near Mount Forest two days earlier by Detective-Sergeant Jim Smyth were those of Stafford. Stafford's body was naked from the waist down, wearing only a Hannah Montana T-shirt and a pair of butterfly earrings that she had borrowed from her mother; it was subsequently confirmed that she had both of those on at the time of her disappearance. Her lower half was significantly decomposed. During an autopsy, it was determined that she had suffered a beating which caused lacerations to her liver and 16 broken ribs, and her eventual death was the result of repeated blows to the head with a claw hammer.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: McClintic was scheduled to make an appearance in court on April 30, 2010, but a publication ban was imposed by the judge on the events of the day. The publication ban was lifted on December 9, 2010, revealing that McClintic had pleaded guilty to first-degree murder. McClintic was sentenced to life in prison with no chance of parole for 25 years and was held at the Grand Valley Institution for Women in Kitchener, Ontario.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: On March 5, 2012, Rafferty's trial for the kidnapping, sexual assault, and first-degree murder of Stafford commenced. On May 11, 2012, at 9:18 pm ET, the jury found Rafferty guilty on all charges. Four days later, he too was sentenced to life in prison with no chance of parole for 25 years.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: Claiming that the "judge's instructions to the jury were flawed", Rafferty appealed his conviction to the Court of Appeal for Ontario on July 26, 2012. The 30-day deadline to appeal had passed by the time the papers were received, but this was attributed to his "inability to use the telephone to contact legal counsel," and an extension was requested. Rafferty's appeal papers appear to have been filed from Kingston Penitentiary. An extension to his appeal was granted.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: On June 10, 2013, Rafferty appeared by video in a bid for his appeal. He was turned down for Legal Aid for his appeal process. On August 12, Rafferty had his court date postponed until September 10, 2013. The appeal was set in motion in December 2013, but as of January 20, 2016, no materials had been filed. On October 24, 2016, Rafferty appeared at his appeal hearing at Osgoode Hall in Toronto. The appeal was quickly dismissed the same day.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: In October 2018, McClintic was controversially moved to the Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge in Saskatchewan, run by the Correctional Service of Canada. She was granted the move as an Aboriginal, but whether she is actually Aboriginal has not been confirmed and has been disputed by a family member. The lodge, a minimum/medium-security prison, is unfenced but monitored 24 hours a day with video cameras.


title: Murder of Tori Stafford

text: The Conservative MP Candice Bergen introduced a motion in Parliament to condemn and overturn the decision. The motion generated a day's acrimonious debate and was defeated 200–82, with all Liberal MPs voting against it. Under increasing public pressure, Minister of Public Safety Ralph Goodale issued an order for Correctional Service Canada to review the decision and the general policy. On November 7, Goodale announced that McClintic would be returned to a federal prison, and regulations for transferring long-term prisoners to healing lodges would be made stricter. She was transferred to the multi-level Edmonton Institution for Women.


title: Network interface controller

text: A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter or physical network interface, and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.


title: Network interface controller

text: Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface built into the motherboard, or is contained into a USB-connected dongle.


title: Network interface controller

text: Modern network interface controllers offer advanced features such as interrupt and DMA interfaces to the host processors, support for multiple receive and transmit queues, partitioning into multiple logical interfaces, and on-controller network traffic processing such as the TCP offload engine.


title: Network interface controller

text: The network controller implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer and data link layer standard such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi. This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among computers on the same local area network (LAN) and large-scale network communications through routable protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP).


title: Network interface controller

text: The NIC allows computers to communicate over a computer network, either by using cables or wirelessly. The NIC is both a physical layer and data link layer device, as it provides physical access to a networking medium and, for IEEE 802 and similar networks, provides a low-level addressing system through the use of MAC addresses that are uniquely assigned to network interfaces.


title: Network interface controller

text: Network controllers were originally implemented as expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most new computers have a network interface controller built into the motherboard. Newer server motherboards may have multiple network interfaces built-in. The Ethernet capabilities are either integrated into the motherboard chipset or implemented via a low-cost dedicated Ethernet chip. A separate network card is typically no longer required unless additional independent network connections are needed or some non-Ethernet type of network is used. A general trend in computer hardware is towards integrating the various components of systems on a chip, and this is also applied to network interface cards.


title: Network interface controller

text: An Ethernet network controller typically has an 8P8C socket where the network cable is connected. Older NICs also supplied BNC, or AUI connections. Ethernet network controllers typically support 10 Mbit/s Ethernet, 100 Mbit/s Ethernet, and 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet varieties. Such controllers are designated as "10/100/1000", meaning that they can support data rates of 10, 100 or 1000 Mbit/s. 10 Gigabit Ethernet NICs are also available, and, , are beginning to be available on computer motherboards.


title: Network interface controller

text: Modular designs like SFP and SFP+ are highly popular, especially for fiber-optic communication. These define a standard receptacle for media-dependent transceivers, so users can easily adapt the network interface to their needs.


title: Network interface controller

text: LEDs adjacent to or integrated into the network connector inform the user of whether the network is connected, and when data activity occurs.


title: Network interface controller

text: The NIC may use one or more of the following techniques to indicate the availability of packets to transfer:


title: Network interface controller

text: "Multiqueue NICs" provide multiple transmit and receive queues, allowing packets received by the NIC to be assigned to one of its receive queues. The NIC may distribute incoming traffic between the receive queues using a hash function. Each receive queue is assigned to a separate interrupt; by routing each of those interrupts to different CPUs or CPU cores, processing of the interrupt requests triggered by the network traffic received by a single NIC can be distributed improving performance.


title: Network interface controller

text: The hardware-based distribution of the interrupts, described above, is referred to as "receive-side scaling" (RSS). Purely software implementations also exist, such as the receive packet steering (RPS) and receive flow steering (RFS). Further performance improvements can be achieved by routing the interrupt requests to the CPUs or cores executing the applications that are the ultimate destinations for network packets that generated the interrupts. This technique improves Locality of reference and results in higher overall performance, reduced latency and better hardware utilization because of the higher utilization of CPU caches and fewer required context switches. Examples of such implementations are the RFS and Intel "Flow Director".


title: Network interface controller

text: With multi-queue NICs, additional performance improvements can be achieved by distributing outgoing traffic among different transmit queues. By assigning different transmit queues to different CPUs or CPU cores, internal operating system contentions can be avoided. This approach is usually referred to as "transmit packet steering" (XPS).


title: Network interface controller

text: Some products feature "NIC partitioning" (NPAR, also known as "port partitioning") that uses SR-IOV virtualization to divide a single 10 Gigabit Ethernet NIC into multiple discrete virtual NICs with dedicated bandwidth, which are presented to the firmware and operating system as separate PCI device functions.


title: Network interface controller

text: TCP offload engine is a technology used in some NICs to offload processing of the entire TCP/IP stack to the network controller. It is primarily used with high-speed network interfaces, such as Gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet, for which the processing overhead of the network stack becomes significant.


title: Network interface controller

text: Some NICs offer integrated field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for user-programmable processing of network traffic before it reaches the host computer, allowing for significantly reduced latencies in time-sensitive workloads. Moreover, some NICs offer complete low-latency TCP/IP stacks running on integrated FPGAs in combination with userspace libraries that intercept networking operations usually performed by the operating system kernel; Solarflare's open-source "OpenOnload" network stack that runs on Linux is an example. This kind of functionality is usually referred to as "user-level networking".


title: Zeit (Rammstein album)

text: Zeit () is the eighth studio album by German Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein, released on 29 April 2022 through Universal Music. Produced by the band with Olsen Involtini, the album was unplanned and recorded as a result of the band's tour being postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the band, the enforced lockdowns due to the pandemic spurred the band's creativity, resulting in spontaneous writing and recording sessions. Rammstein recorded the album in late 2020 and early 2021 at La Fabrique Studios in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France, where they recorded their previous album. The album's title track was released as the lead single on 10 March 2022.


title: Zeit (Rammstein album)

text: Following the release of their sixth studio album, "Liebe ist für alle da" (2009), Rammstein dedicated nearly a decade to touring and performing live at festivals, with band members Till Lindemann and Richard Kruspe releasing music with their respective side projects Lindemann and Emigrate during this period as well. Rammstein's untitled seventh studio album was released in May 2019, ending their lengthy recording hiatus. To support the album, the band embarked on their Stadium Tour. Kruspe originally predicted that the band would spend three to four years touring in support of the album. The band announced dates for two legs in Europe and one leg in North America. The first European leg concluded in August 2019, with the second leg having been originally due to begin in May 2020. However, after the COVID-19 pandemic began severely impacting both Europe and North America, resulting in lockdowns being enforced across both continents, the band delayed both remaining legs of the tour to 2021. They were both delayed once more to 2022.


title: Zeit (Rammstein album)

text: During the initial COVID-19 lockdown in Germany, Rammstein began writing new music, leaving open the idea of recording a new album. The band chose to begin writing new music to fill the void created by the postponement of their tour. By September 2020, the band returned to La Fabrique Studios in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France, where they had recorded their untitled seventh studio album, to begin recording new material. Keyboardist Christian "Flake" Lorenz stated that the sessions were spontaneous and that the lockdown caused the band to "[have] more time to think of new things and less distraction". Recording of the album concluded by February 2021. In October 2021, a song from the album was premiered when shared with astronaut Thomas Pesquet while he was onboard the International Space Station.


title: Zeit (Rammstein album)

text: Rammstein began posting clips to their social media accounts on 8 March 2022, teasing forthcoming new material with the hashtag "#ZEITkommt". The band announced their eighth studio album "Zeit" on 10 March alongside the release of its lead single, the title track, and the song's music video. On March 25, 2022, the band's website announced that 11 ""Zeit" capsules" had been placed in 11 different cities around the world. Each capsule contained a code. The fan who found any of the 11 capsules should enter the code to Rammstein's website, revealing to the world the title to one of the unreleased tracks. The fan would also receive two tickets to any Rammstein concert of their choice, as well as travel and accommodations for the aforementioned concert. The band began teasing the release of the album's second single, "Zick Zack", in early April. They opened a telephone hotline that provided the song's release date as well as portions of the song's instrumental and vocals. The song was released on 7 April 2022, accompanied by a music video. A CD release that came with a teen-style magazine designed after the music video was released on 14 April, as well as a standard 7-inch vinyl.


title: Zeit (Rammstein album)

text: "Zeit" was released on 29 April 2022 through Universal Music, receiving both physical and digital releases. Physically, the album received both a standard and deluxe CD release, both housed as a digipak, as well as a double, heavyweight vinyl release. The album's release was preceded by a listening event, held at certain movie theaters around the world, on 28 April. The cover art for "Zeit" depicts the members of Rammstein walking down a staircase connected to the Trudelturm, a monument dedicated to aerial research, located at Aerodynamic Park in Adlershof, Berlin. The photograph used for the cover art was taken by Canadian musician Bryan Adams.


title: Tony Jay

text: A former member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, he was known for his voice work in radio, animation, film, and video games. Jay was particularly noted for his distinctive baritone voice, which often led to him being cast in villainous roles. He was best known as the voice of Judge Claude Frollo in Disney's "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1996), Megabyte in "ReBoot" (1994–2001), Shere Khan in "The Jungle Book 2" and the TV series "TaleSpin" (replacing George Sanders who played the character in original film), and the Elder God (plus various other roles) in the "Legacy of Kain" series of video games.


title: Tony Jay

text: Jay also made many distinguished on-screen appearances, including the role of Nigel St John on "" (1993–1995). He further made guest appearances on programs including "The Golden Girls" in 1987, "Twin Peaks" in 1990–91, and "Night Court" in 1991. His most prominent onscreen role, however, is that of Professor Werner in "Twins" (1988), the father figure/mentor to Arnold Schwarzenegger's protagonist, Julius Benedict.


title: Tony Jay

text: Jay was born in London. He attended Pinner County Grammar School, and completed his National Service with the Royal Air Force in 1953. He later recalled, "I was always an actor at school"; but opted for the financial security of a real estate business. Jay moved to South Africa in about 1966, after hearing of the potential there for his line of work. He left South Africa to return to England in 1973, after which he moved to the United States in 1986.


title: Tony Jay

text: While establishing his real estate business in England, Jay acted occasionally in amateur productions.


title: Tony Jay

text: Within three months of relocating to South Africa at the age of 33, Jay found himself acting in radio dramas such as the detective series "Sounds of Darkness" where he played a savvy but blind FBI agent (1967–1972). The experience led him to decide to take acting up professionally.


title: Tony Jay

text: Jay acted, wrote, and directed radio plays on the South African Broadcasting Corporation's first commercial radio station, Springbok Radio (1950–85). He was especially associated with the comic series "Taxi!" (1969–1972,1975–1978), in which he not only portrayed New York cabby Red Kowalski, but also co-wrote many scripts with Joe Stewardson. Other shows in which he was involved included "Lux Radio Theatre", "Playhouse 90", and "Tuesday Theatre". Jay adapted, cast, and directed the first 6 months of episodes for "The Avengers". The series, based on Seasons 4–6 of the 1960s British television series of the same name, was broadcast on Springbok from 6 December 1971 to 28 December 1973. To bridge the gap between the visual orientation of the British television series and the sound-only perspective of radio, Jay created a narrator which he embued with irony and scepticism.


title: Tony Jay

text: Jay's voice work led him to do commercials for companies such as Gunston Cigarettes, Barclays Bank, and Bols Brandy.


title: Tony Jay

text: After Jay's return to Britain in 1973 he worked in various television productions. For the BBC series "Fall of Eagles" (1974) he portrayed Tsar Alexander III of Russia, during which time he met Patrick Stewart, who played Vladimir Lenin. Jay appeared as the merchant in Shakespeare's "Timon of Athens" (1981) for BBC Shakespeare, and in single episodes of popular television programmes such as "The Sweeney" (1975), "The Professionals" (1978) and the comedy "Whoops Apocalypse" (1982).


title: Tony Jay

text: During this period he was cast as Vladimir Maximovitch in Woody Allen's "Love and Death" (1975), which was shot in Hungary and France. George Lucas met with Jay about playing Obi-Wan Kenobi in a planned film with the working title "Galactic Warfare". Despite Jay agreeing to the role, Lucas decided to cast Alec Guinness, instead.


title: Tony Jay

text: On stage he had small roles in plays such as Anton Chekhov's "The Three Sisters" (1976) and Terence Rattigan's "The Deep Blue Sea" (1981). More important roles followed with an appearance as Jaggers in "Great Expectations" (1984) at the Old Vic, and as Shylock in "The Merchant of Venice".


title: Tony Jay

text: Jay was cast as Vincent Crummles in the Royal Shakespeare Company's -hour-long production of "The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby" (1986) at Stratford-upon-Avon.


title: Tony Jay

text: After a tour of Britain, "Nicholas Nickleby" embarked on a limited tour of the United States, starting with performances in Los Angeles in June 1986, then on to Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C. and New York City. "Even before I left England, I told friends I'd be staying if I got the chance," he recalled in a 1986 "The New York Times" interview.


title: Tony Jay

text: During its run from August to October 1986 at the Broadhurst Theatre on Broadway, Jay's performance was described as "brilliantly played" by the "New York Times". Consequently, he was nominated for the 1987 Drama Desk Award as Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play.


title: Tony Jay

text: Jay's acting drew the attention of an agent who arranged for him to return from England to the United States for an audition. Jay was cast in a pilot program called "Circus" which was unsuccessful. On set Jay met make-up artist Kathy Rogers, who would become his second wife. He moved to the United States where he became a resident.


title: Tony Jay

text: In addition, Jay won parts in television series such as "Night Court" (1991), "The Golden Girls" (1987), "Twins" (1988), and "Eerie, Indiana" (1991). Bigger roles included Paracelsus on the 1987 CBS TV series adaptation of "Beauty and the Beast"; Minister Campio on "" (1992); and Lex Luthor's villainous aide-de-camp Nigel St. John in "" (1993–95).


title: Tony Jay

text: Jay's voice-over work included Monsieur D'Arque, the amoral asylum superintendent, in Disney's 1991 hit animated film version of "Beauty and the Beast". From 1994 to 2001 he supplied the voice for the virus Megabyte in the computer animated television show "ReBoot". According to one source, Jay was preferred to Patrick Stewart, Derek Jacobi and Ian McKellen for the voice of the main antagonist Judge Claude Frollo in Disney's 1996 animated film adaptation of "The Hunchback of Notre Dame", directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, who had also steered his performance in the film version of "Beauty and the Beast". Jay reprised Frollo's voice for Walt Disney World's nighttime light and fireworks show "Fantasmic!" From 1995 to 1996 Jay was the voice of the alien warlord Lord Dregg, the villain during the last two seasons of the original 1987 "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" animated TV series.


title: Tony Jay

text: He is also well known among fans of the 1996–2003 video game series "Legacy of Kain" for his voicing of the original Mortanius and of the Elder God, alongside several other minor characters.


title: Tony Jay

text: In various animated projects Jay took over the voice of Shere Khan, which actor George Sanders had originated for the 1967 Disney animated film "The Jungle Book". In 11 episodes spanning 1990–91, Jay voiced Shere Khan for Disney's animated TV series "TaleSpin", "The Jungle Book: Rhythm and Groove" videogame (2000), and the "House of Mouse" (2001–02). His final appearance as Khan came in the 2003 film "The Jungle Book 2". His final role was voicing Spiderus in the "Miss Spider" series.


title: Tony Jay

text: Jay was a devotee of classic Broadway and made several recordings and performances of old-time Broadway lyrics, in spoken-word form. A CD of these readings, "Speaking of Broadway", was released in 2005; a version recorded in 1996 was entitled "Poets on Broadway", as was his website. On it Jay recites lyrics written by the likes of Noël Coward, Ira Gershwin, and Oscar Hammerstein, accompanied by synthesized music which he composed.


title: Tony Jay

text: Jay began a relationship with Marta MacGeraghty in 1974. They had a son, born in 1989. They did not marry until 2004, and remained together until Jay's death in 2006.


title: Tony Jay

text: In April 2006, Jay underwent surgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles to remove a non-cancerous tumor from his lungs. Afterwards he became critically ill and was readmitted to Cedar Sinai, where he died on 13 August 2006, aged 73. He is buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Los Angeles, California.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harriet Ruth Harman (born 30 July 1950) is a British politician and solicitor who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Camberwell and Peckham, formerly Peckham, since 1982. A member of the Labour Party, she has served in various Cabinet and Shadow Cabinet positions.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Born in London to a doctor and a barrister, Harman was privately educated at St Paul's Girls' School before going on to study politics at the University of York. After working for Brent Law Centre, she became a legal officer for the National Council for Civil Liberties, a role in which she was found in contempt of court following action pursued by Michael Havers, a former Attorney General. She successfully took a case, "Harman v United Kingdom", to the European Court of Human Rights, which found Havers had breached her right to freedom of expression.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman was elected as MP for Peckham at a 1982 by-election. She was made a shadow social services minister in 1984 and a shadow health minister in 1987. Under John Smith, she served as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury and, under Tony Blair, as Shadow Employment Secretary, Shadow Health Secretary and Shadow Social Security Secretary respectively. Following the 1997 general election victory, she was appointed Secretary of State for Social Security and the first ever Minister for Women, serving until 1998 when she left the Cabinet. In 2001, she was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, serving until 2005 when she became Minister of State for Constitutional Affairs. She ran in the 2007 deputy leadership election and defeated five other candidates, ultimately defeating Secretary of State for Health, Alan Johnson, by a narrow margin. Gordon Brown, who was elected as party leader, appointed her Leader of the House of Commons, Lord Privy Seal, Minister for Women and Equality and Chairman of the Labour Party.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Upon defeat at the 2010 general election, Brown resigned as party leader and Harman, as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, became Acting Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition until Ed Miliband was elected leader. She subsequently served as Shadow Deputy Prime Minister, combining the position with that of Shadow International Development Secretary from 2010 to 2011 and then Shadow Culture, Media and Sport Secretary from 2011 to 2015. In 2014, Harman expressed regret after it was revealed that the Paedophile Information Exchange had affiliated status within the NCCL while she had been legal officer. Following Labour's defeat at the 2015 general election, Miliband resigned as Leader of the Labour Party and Harman once again became Acting Leader and Leader of the Opposition. She announced that she would also resign as Deputy Leader, prompting a concurrent deputy leadership election. She remains in the House of Commons as a backbencher.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harriet Ruth Harman was born at 108 Harley Street in London, and privately educated at St Paul's Girls' School. She is a daughter of John Bishop Harman, a Harley Street doctor, and his wife Anna , a barrister, who gave up practising when she had children and who was the Liberal Party candidate for Hertford in the 1964 general election. They both had non-conformist backgrounds – Harman's paternal grandfather Nathaniel Bishop Harman, an ophthalmic surgeon, was a prominent Unitarian and the Spicer family were well-known Congregationalists. Her paternal aunt was Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford (née Harman), the wife of former Labour minister Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford, and her cousins include the writers Lady Antonia Fraser, Lady Rachel Billington and Thomas Pakenham, Earl of Longford. Her great-grandfather was Arthur Chamberlain a industrialist. Harman is a great-great-niece of the Liberal statesman Joseph Chamberlain, and is a cousin once removed of former Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and former Foreign Secretary Austen Chamberlain. She is also related to Liberal politician Richard Chamberlain, MP. Through her uncle Lord Pakenham she is related by marriage to former Prime Minister David Cameron, whom she faced as Leader of the Opposition. Her cousin Rachel Billington is also godmother to former Prime Minister Boris Johnson.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman gained a 2:1 BA in Politics from the University of York. During her time at York, she was a member of Goodricke College and was involved with student politics. After York, Harman went on to qualify as a solicitor and worked for Brent Law Centre in London. Between 1978 and 1982, she was employed as a legal officer for the National Council for Civil Liberties. In this capacity, and just before becoming MP for Peckham in a by-election in 1982, she represented a prisoner who was kept in solitary confinement against the Home Office. However, she was found in contempt of court for sharing documents she had read aloud in the courtroom with a journalist. The contempt of court action was pursued by Michael Havers, a former Attorney General for England and Wales. Harman was thus the subject of numerous parliamentary questions and debates before she became an MP, including at a PMQ in February 1982. Harman subsequently took the case to the European Court of Human Rights, successfully arguing Havers had breached her right to freedom of expression. The case is still considered a significant case in British public law.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman was later involved in a European Court of Human Rights case against MI5. During a 1984 television interview by Cathy Massiter, it was revealed personal files were held by MI5 on Harman and on the (by then former-) General Secretary of the NCCL, Patricia Hewitt. They successfully argued that there had been an infringement of their rights because MI5 was not a legally constituted and democratically accountable organisation, this being the minimum standard in democracy. The success of the case led to enactment of the Security Service Act 1989.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harry Lamborn, the Labour MP for Peckham, died on 21 August 1982. In the subsequent by-election held on 28 October 1982, Harman was elected to succeed Lamborn with 11,349 votes (50.34%), a majority of 3,931 over Social Democratic candidate Dick Taverne, a former Labour MP for Lincoln. The Conservative Party candidate was John Redwood, who came third, and went on to be elected MP for Wokingham in 1987.


title: Harriet Harman

text: In 1984, Harman became a Shadow Social Services minister and served as a Shadow Health minister in 1987. After the 1992 general election she entered the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1992–1994) and later served as Shadow Employment Secretary (1994–1995), Shadow Health Secretary (1995–1996) and Shadow Social Security Secretary (1996–1997).


title: Harriet Harman

text: Following Labour's victory in the 1997 general election, she became Secretary of State for Social Security and the first ever Minister for Women. She was given the task of reforming the Welfare State. During this time, her more notable policies included introducing a minimum income guarantee and winter fuel payments for the elderly. It was later ruled that the fuel payments policy breached European sex discrimination laws in that men had to wait five years longer to receive them than women. The policy was amended so both sexes qualified at age 60. She also headed up New Labour's controversial cut to single parent benefit despite the majority of those affected being women. There was public outcry at this perceived attacked on the living standards of some of the poorest women and children. According to "The Independent", a group of women protesters shouted "Labour scum" as the measure was approved in Parliament – albeit with a rebellion of 47 Labour MPs and the abstention of many others. Harman was sacked from the position in 1998. According to many in the media, this was the result of a series of public rows with junior minister Frank Field, though others also cited her decision to cut benefits to lone parents as a factor. Harman voted with the party on all but a few instances during its period in government.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman made a return to the front bench after the 2001 general election, with her appointment to the office of Solicitor General, thus becoming the first female Solicitor General. In accordance with convention, she was appointed as Queen's Counsel, although she had previously had no rights of audience in the higher courts, did not obtain them and never presented a case during her time as Solicitor General, or at all.


title: Harriet Harman

text: After the 2005 general election, she became a Minister of State in the Department for Constitutional Affairs with responsibilities including constitutional reform, legal aid and court processes and she represented Lord Falconer in the House of Commons on the frontbench.


title: Harriet Harman

text: On 16 March 2006, Harman relinquished her ministerial responsibilities for electoral administration and reform of the House of Lords. She stated that this was to avoid any potential conflict of interest after her husband Jack Dromey, the Treasurer of the Labour Party, announced that he would be investigating a number of loans made to the Labour Party that had not been disclosed to party officers. She retained her other responsibilities.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman announced her intention to stand for Deputy Leadership of the Labour Party when John Prescott stood down. She commissioned an opinion poll which found that she would be the most electorally popular potential deputy leader, a point she used in her campaign.


title: Harriet Harman

text: While she supported the Iraq War, during the Deputy Leadership campaign, she said that she would not have done so had she known about the lack of concrete evidence of weapons of mass destruction.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman did not have the support of any major unions, and helped to fund her campaign by taking out a personal loan of £10,000 and a £40,000 extension to her mortgage. Harman failed to report some donations and loans on time, and was subject to an Electoral Commission inquiry for breaches of electoral law. The commission said that her "failure to report on time is a serious matter" though the case was not handed over to the police.


title: Harriet Harman

text: On 24 June 2007, in a close contest Harman was elected Deputy Leader. Alan Johnson had led in all but the first of the previous rounds, but when second-preference votes had been redistributed after the fourth round, Harman as elected with 50.43% of the vote to Johnson's 49.56%


title: Harriet Harman

text: In November 2007, it emerged that property developer David Abrahams' secretary Janet Kidd had donated £5,000 to Harman's successful deputy leadership bid. After an investigation by "The Mail on Sunday" newspaper into other donations made by people associated with Abrahams, and Prime Minister Gordon Brown's assertion that all such monies would be returned, Harman issued a statement saying she accepted the donation on 4 July "in good faith," had registered the monies with the Electoral Commission and the Register of Members' Interests, and that she "was not aware of any funding arrangements... between David Abrahams and Janet Kidd".


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman was known as a long-term supporter of Gordon Brown and is regarded as a personal friend. On 28 June 2007, after she became Deputy Leader of the Labour Party and Brown was appointed Prime Minister, Harman joined Brown's Cabinet as Leader of the House of Commons, Lord Privy Seal and Minister for Women and Equality, and was also Chairman of the Labour Party. Unlike the previous Deputy Leader, John Prescott, Harman was not made Deputy Prime Minister.


title: Harriet Harman

text: When Harman, as Leader of the House of Commons, stood in for Gordon Brown during Prime minister's questions on Wednesday 2 April 2008 (due to the Prime Minister attending a NATO summit in Romania), she became the first female Labour Minister to take Prime Minister's Questions. She subsequently repeated this during Brown's absences.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman attacked the Conservative Party at the Labour Party Conference 2007, referring to them as the "nasty party" and suggesting that there would be little competition at the next election.


title: Harriet Harman

text: On 1 April 2008 the "Daily Mail" reported that Harman had decided to wear a kevlar-reinforced stab vest while touring her Peckham constituency under police guard. On 2 April "The Guardian" relayed information from the Metropolitan Police that "the type of Met Vest she wore over her jacket protected her from knife attacks and bullets, and, for her at least, was optional". Harman compared the decision to wearing a hard hat while touring a building site, which led the BBC's John Humphrys to respond, during an interview for BBC Radio 4, "You wear a hard hat on a building site because... there is the danger that something might drop on your head. You don't need to wear a bullet-proof vest on the streets of London, do you!" Harman told the BBC that the neighbourhood police team she was with put on their stab vests and gave her one to wear as well.


title: Harriet Harman

text: In April 2008, Harman's blog was hacked and changed to state that she had joined the Conservative Party. Harman later admitted when questioned by "Sky News" that the incident was a result of her using "Harriet" and "Harman" as her username and password. The hacker was Conservative Kemi Badenoch, who was elected as MP for Saffron Walden in 2017. Badenoch confessed to the hacking in an April 2018 interview with "Core Politics" and later offered Harman an apology, which she accepted.


title: Harriet Harman

text: During the late-2000s recession, and following a government report which suggested that women were twice as likely to lose their jobs as men and feared losing their jobs more than men, Harman stated: "We will not allow women to become the victims of this recession". However, some statistics contradicted her position, including the Office for National Statistics report on the issue which stated "the economic downturn in 2008 has impacted less on women in employment than men". According to the ONS, men were losing their jobs at twice the rate of women. The Government Equalities Office insisted the ONS figures did not render pointless its efforts to help women.


title: Harriet Harman

text: In June 2009, Sir Michael Scholar, head of the UK Statistics Authority, wrote to Harman to warn her that different headline figures used by the ONS and Government Equalities Office with regards to pay differentiation between men and women might undermine public trust in official statistics. The GEO's headline figure was 23%, which was based on median hourly earnings of all employees, not the 12.8%, based on median hourly earnings of full-time employees only, used by the ONS. Scholar wrote: "It is the Statistics Authority's view that use of the 23% on its own, without qualification, risks giving a misleading quantification of the gender pay gap".


title: Harriet Harman

text: In January 2009, Harman proposed a rule change to exempt MPs' expenses from the Freedom of Information Act. Her parliamentary order aimed to remove "most expenditure information held by either House of Parliament from the scope of the Freedom of Information Act". It meant that, under the law, journalists and members of the public would no longer be entitled to learn details of their MP's expenses. Labour MPs were to be pressured to vote for this measure by use of a three line whip. Her proposal was withdrawn when the Conservative Party said they would vote against, and in light of an online campaign by mySociety. The failure of the motion led to the disclosure of expenses of British members of parliament.


title: Harriet Harman

text: In December 2010, it emerged that Harman was amongst 40 MPs who had secretly repaid wrongly claimed expenses between 2008 and 2010. In November 2010, Harman's parliamentary private secretary Ian Lavery had blocked a motion designed to allow the repayments to be made public.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman allegedly blocked a series of votes to liberalise Britain's abortion laws via the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill (now Act). The pro-choice amendments proposed by Diane Abbott MP, Katy Clark MP and John McDonnell MP included NC30 Amendment of the Abortion Act 1967: Application to Northern Ireland. It was reported that the Labour Government at the time asked MPs not to table these pro-choice amendments (and at least until Third Reading) and then allegedly used parliamentary mechanisms in order to prevent a vote accordingly.


title: Harriet Harman

text: As part of a proposed Equality Bill, Harman announced a consultation on changing the existing discrimination laws, including options for reverse discrimination in employment. Under the proposals, employers would be legally allowed to discriminate in favour of a job candidate on the basis of their race or gender where the candidates were otherwise equally qualified. Employers would not be required to use these powers, but would be able to do so without the threat of legal action for discriminatory practices. The white paper also proposed measures to end age discrimination, promote transparency in organisations and introduce a new equality duty on the public sector.


title: Harriet Harman

text: It was argued by critics that these changes could face a challenge under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, race, colour, language, religion and on several other criteria. Michael Millar, writing in "The Spectator", was of the opinion that "the Equality Bill before parliament today gives employers the right to choose an ethnic minority candidate or female candidate over a white male, specifically because they are an ethnic minority or female."


title: Harriet Harman

text: Harman also commissioned a report on allowing political parties to draw up all-black shortlists designed to increase the number of black MPs in Westminster. A further report proposed extended the arrangement allowing all-women shortlists beyond 2015 which will fail to have any impact in the 2010 general election. These proposals are supported by members of the three major parties, though no others allow discrimination in their shortlists. Inside the Labour Party, Harman has said she does "not agree with all-male leaderships" because men "cannot be left to run things on their own"; and that, consequently, one of Labour's top two posts should always be held by a woman. She had also stated that the collapse of Lehman Brothers might have been averted had it been 'Lehman Sisters'. These comments caused accusations of sexism and "insidious bigotry".


title: Harriet Harman

text: Following the resignation of Gordon Brown as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party on 11 May 2010, Harman automatically became the temporary leader of the party as well as the Leader of the Opposition, entitling her to the salary and government car that come with the role. Although she was informally described in the media as 'Acting' Leader, she was fully Leader by the terms of the party's constitution, albeit on a temporary basis, as was the case with Margaret Beckett in 1994.


title: Harriet Harman

text: Following Brown's resignation, she quickly announced that she would remain Deputy Leader rather than standing for election as Leader. Her only public explanation was the assertion that: "You can't run for leader at the same time as being deputy leader".


title: Harriet Harman

text: She nominated Diane Abbott, MP for Hackney North and Stoke Newington, to prevent the election from being all male. But she nonetheless asserted her intention to remain neutral throughout the contest and said, "This is a very crucial period and we have got five fantastic candidates. All of them would make excellent leaders of the party."


title: Harriet Harman

text: Following Ed Miliband's election as leader, she returned to her role as Deputy Leader, shadowing Nick Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister and with the title of Deputy Leader of the Opposition. When Miliband assigned portfolios on 8 October 2010, he appointed her Shadow Secretary of State for International Development. In 2010, Harman referred to Danny Alexander as a "ginger rodent" in a speech to the Labour Party conference. This was greeted with cheers and laughter from the conference, but the Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party described them as gingerism and "anti-Scottish". Harman apologised for the offence caused. In 2011, Harman was moved to become Shadow Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. In 2014, she accused Nick Clegg of turning into a Tory during Prime Minister's Questions.


title: Harriet Harman

text: In March 2014, an article from the Daily Mail exposed that a 1979 letter from paedophile group supporter contained Ms Harman's initials. Harman denied allegations that she had supported the Paedophile Information Exchange (PIE) when the advocacy group was affiliated with Liberty, while she was the pressure group's Legal Officer from 1978 to 1982. Both the "Daily Mail" and "The Daily Telegraph" also claimed that Jack Dromey MP (her partner) and former Health Secretary Patricia Hewitt had offered support to apologists for the sexual abuse of children while they were working for NCCL. "The Guardian" also states that in an NCCL briefing note dated 1978, Harman urged amendments to a 1978 Child Protection Bill declaring that "images of children should only be considered pornographic if it could be proven the subject suffered", which Harman says was an argument intended to protect from "unintended consequences" such as parents being prosecuted for taking pictures of their children on the beach or in the bath.


title: Harriet Harman

text: In a television interview, Harman said she had "nothing to apologise for," stating: "I very much regret that this vile organisation, PIE, ever existed and that it ever had anything to do with NCCL, but it did not affect my work at NCCL." Harman stated that while she did support the equalisation of the age of consent for gay men she had never campaigned for the age of consent to go below the age of 16 and accused the "Daily Mail" of trying to make her "guilty by way of association". Ed Miliband backed Harman and stated that she had "huge decency and integrity".