title: Multiverse (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

text: In a similar fashion, the two mid-credits scenes of the SSU film "Morbius" (2022) see the MCU's Adrian Toomes / Vulture, portrayed by Michael Keaton and last seen in the film "" (2017), transported to the SSU a result of Strange's second spell in "No Way Home". He proceeds to ally with "Morbius" titular character, Michael Morbius, with the intention of forming a team to defeat Spider-Man. Director Daniel Espinosa stated that it was always Sony's intention to have Keaton cameo as Toomes, citing the animated film "" (2018) as the primary inspiration for the scenes. Both scenes received an overwhelmingly negative response from critics, who found them confusing and unsatisfying. Writing for "The Mary Sue", Julia Glassman felt that the scenes "[fell] flat" unlike "Let There Be Carnage" mid-credits scene, while Kate Erbland of "IndieWire" was puzzled by Keaton's sudden appearance. "Time Out" Cathy Brennan opined that the scenes were a weak attempt by Sony to "court an audience by dangling a potential connection" to the MCU, while "Esquire" Brady Langmann and "Den of Geek" Kaye criticized the scenes' poor writing and lack of logic. Eliana Dockterman of "Time" described the scene as fulfilling Sony's "corporate mandate" of connecting the SSU to the MCU, pointing out how it contradicted many plot elements of "Homecoming" and "No Way Home".


title: Multiverse (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

text: Several MCU-themed attractions at Disney Parks locations are inspired by the MCU, but are said take place in an alternate universe parallel to Earth-616 within the multiverse. These attractions include Avengers Campus at Disney California Adventure and Walt Disney Studios Park, Stark Expo Hong Kong at Hong Kong Disneyland, at EPCOT, and on the "Disney Wish". In this universe, the Blip and its ensuing aftermath did not occur, such as Stark's death, and the Avengers have established campuses across the globe to recruit new heroes. At the D23 Expo in September 2022, it was announced that a new multiverse-focused attraction at Disney California Adventure was in development, featuring numerous MCU heroes from multiple universes on a quest to defeat "King Thanos".


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Amy Elizabeth Macdonald (born 25 August 1987) is a Scottish singer-songwriter. In 2007, she released her debut studio album, "This Is the Life", which respectively produced the singles "Mr. Rock & Roll" and "This Is the Life"; the latter charting at number one in six countries, while reaching the top 10 in another 11 countries. The album reached number one in four European countries the United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland and sold three million copies worldwide. Moderate success in the American music market followed in 2008. Macdonald has sold over 12 million records worldwide.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald's second studio album, "A Curious Thing", was released in 2010. Its lead single "Don't Tell Me That It's Over" peaked at number 45 on the UK Singles Chart, and reached the Top 10 in several mainland European countries. In 2010, she collaborated with Ray Davies on his album, "See My Friends"; she sang with him on a cover of The Kinks' 60s hit "Dead End Street". Her third studio album, "Life in a Beautiful Light", was released in 2012 and supplied three singles: "Slow It Down", "Pride" and "4th of July".


title: Amy Macdonald

text: In 2017, Macdonald released her fourth studio album, "Under Stars", which entered at number two on the Scottish and UK Album Charts. It also peaked within the top 10 of the album charts in Germany and New Zealand. In 2020, she released her fifth studio album, "The Human Demands".


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Amy Elizabeth Macdonald attended Bishopbriggs High School in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. After being inspired by Travis at the T in the Park festival in 2000, she heard Travis' song "Turn" and wanted to play it herself.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: She bought a Travis chord book, and started playing on her father's guitar, teaching herself how to play at only 12 years old. Soon afterward she began composing her own songs, the first being called "The Wall". She started playing in pubs and coffee houses around Glasgow at the age of 15, including the Brunswick Cellars on Sauchiehall Street.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald sent a demo CD in response to an advertisement placed in the "NME" by a new production company set up by songwriters Pete Wilkinson and Sarah Erasmus. Wilkinson said he was "literally aghast" at her songwriting abilities when first he heard Macdonald play the songs "This Is the Life" and "Mr Rock n Roll". He then spent around eight or nine months recording demos with Macdonald at his home studio with a view to securing a record deal for his new client. In 2007 she signed a contract with Vertigo.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: In 2007 Macdonald released her debut album, titled "This Is the Life". The album sold three million copies, and reached No. 1 in the UK, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Denmark. "This Is the Life" reached No. 92 on the US "Billboard" 200. The single, "This Is the Life" reached No. 25 on the US "Billboard" Triple-A radio airplay charts.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: The first single from the album, "Poison Prince", was only a limited release. The second single, "Mr. Rock and Roll", became Macdonald's first top 40 song, charting at No. 12 in the United Kingdom. However the third single, "LA", missed the top 40 at No. 48.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: The fourth and most successful single, "This Is the Life", charted at No. 28 in the UK, and was No. 1 in five other European countries. The single was awarded Platinum in Germany and Belgium and Gold in Spain and Switzerland. It was also the theme song of "True Law" ("Prawo Agaty"), a Polish legal drama TV series. The fifth single, "Run", gave Macdonald her second lowest chart position in the UK at No. 75. However, "Run" charted at No. 36 in Germany. The sixth and final single was the re-release of "Poison Prince"; it charted at No. 148 in the UK, Macdonald's lowest chart position.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: The album's track "Youth of Today" was chosen as the first single featured on Bebo/iTunes' "Free Single of the Week" program.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: She appeared as a musical performing guest on British and foreign shows including "The Album Chart Show", "Loose Women", "Friday Night Project", "Taratata" (France), and "This Morning". She won the best newcomer award at the Silver Clef Awards. She has appeared on several US talk shows such as "The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson" (2008), where she performed "Mr. Rock and Roll" and also "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" (2008) where she performed her hit single, "This Is the Life".


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald began working on her second album in 2009. She said "Some of the sounds are just amazing and we've managed to persuade one of my favourite artists to whack some stuff down on them, but you'll have to wait and see." The artist in question was Paul Weller, who contributed electric guitar on the track "Love Love" and piano and bass guitar on the track "This Pretty Face". Titled "A Curious Thing", it was released on 8 March 2010.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: The album was preceded by the release of the first single from it, "Don't Tell Me That It's Over", a week earlier on 1 March 2010. The single was released to UK radio on 11 January, and Amy performed it that same day on the Simon Mayo Show on BBC Radio 2. "Don't Tell Me That It's Over" was also released to radio in countries like UK, Switzerland, Germany and France. The album's second single "Spark" was released on 10 May 2010 on digital download format. Macdonald also confirmed that she would tour the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe in 2010.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: The album's third single "This Pretty Face" was released on 19 July 2010 after Macdonald confirmed she would embark on a tour entitled "The Love Love Tour". Also that year, she was one of a number of artists who recorded with Ray Davies on his 2010 album "See My Friends", in which she sang with him on "Dead End Street".


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald's third album, "Life in a Beautiful Light", was released on 11 June 2012. Macdonald began to write "Life in a Beautiful Light" after having a "lovely year off" following touring in support of "A Curious Thing". Macdonald had no time to write songs on her second album as she was touring with "This Is the Life". However, Macdonald said she felt that the creation of "Life in a Beautiful Light" was a more natural process. Two songs from "Life in a Beautiful Light" were begun before Macdonald's break. "In the End" was written with Macdonald questioning herself whether being a musician was a worthwhile occupation.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald wrote "Human Spirit" inspired by the Chilean miners' rescue. The song "Left That Body Long Ago" described her grandmother's decline into Alzheimer's disease whilst "Across the Nile" is a response to the conflict of the Arab Spring.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Three songs from the album were released as singles: "Slow It Down", "Pride" and "4th of July". She told BBC News that Pride was written to describe her feelings about performing Flower of Scotland at Hampden Park prior to Scotland international football matches.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald wrote the last track on the album, "In the End", at the end of her previous tour and "Life in a Beautiful Light" was then recorded in Surrey. It was produced by Pete Wilkinson and mixed by Bob Clearmountain, who previously worked on her debut album. On 2 June 2012 she sang her song "Slow It Down" with the finalist of the second season of the Polish version of "The X Factor", a girl group the Chance.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald began writing songs for a new album in early 2014, 2 years following the release of her previous album, "Life in a Beautiful Light". In May 2014, she performed 4 new songs live. She also sang "Leap of Faith" during the Scottish independence referendum in September 2014. In March 2015, Macdonald announced via Twitter she was finishing the songwriting of the album, but had not yet started recording. On 28 October 2015, she announced via Twitter she started the recording sessions for the album. Later, she stated on 9 December 2015 via her Instagram account that she had finished the songwriting for the album and that she hoped the album would be finished sometime in 2016. On 9 August 2016, Macdonald announced via Instagram her fourth album was finished and would be released early 2017.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald said although it was two and a half years in the making, which is the longest she has ever taken with an album, she was glad to have taken the time and she feels the album has "the TLC that it deserves".


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald released the new album entitled "Under Stars" on 17 February 2017. A video of an acoustic version of new album track "Down by the Water" was also released. She performed live on BBC Scotland's Hogmanay 2017 show where she debuted her upcoming single "Dream On".


title: Amy Macdonald

text: In September 2018, Macdonald announced her first greatest hits album, "Woman of the World (The Best of 2007–2018)", which includes all of her successful songs, plus a previously unreleased song, "Woman of the World". The album was released on 23 November 2018. Macdonald also announced a European tour, which she embarked on during March and April 2019.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald started writing songs between 2018 and 2019 and she started the recording of her fifth studio album in February 2020. After an interruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in March, she resumed recording in June 2020.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: On 27 August 2020, she released the album's lead single "The Hudson" and said the release of album "The Human Demands" would be on 30 October 2020. Macdonald also announced a European tour, which she will embark on between April and July 2021. Macdonald discussed the album, and performed an acoustic version of the track "We Could Be So Much More", on BBC Radio 4's "Front Row" in November 2020.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: On 15 May 2021, she represented Scotland at the Free European Song Contest 2021, hosted in Cologne, Germany. Her song "Statues" ultimately finished in fourth place with 77 points.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Reviewers have described Amy as softly spoken but with a booming singing voice. Her vocal range is contralto.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald is a fan of cars. She was engaged to footballer Steve Lovell in 2008, but did not marry. She announced in January 2016 that she was engaged to footballer Richard Foster. They married in 2018 in Las Vegas. Macdonald is a supporter of Rangers F.C.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald expressed concerns and scepticism about Brexit at numerous times. In 2017, she stated that she might have to leave the United Kingdom and relocate to Germany if Brexit went ahead.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald won Best Newcomer at the 2008 Tartan Clef Awards and Best Newcomer at the 2008 Silver Clef Awards. In December 2008 she was voted "Scottish person of the year" by "The Daily Record".


title: Amy Macdonald

text: Macdonald performed, along with U2, at the German 2009 Echo Awards, where she won an award in the category "Best International Newcomer". She also won Best International Album and Best International Song at the 2009 Swiss Music Awards.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: In 2010, Macdonald won "Best Album" for "A Curious Thing", at the annual Tartan Clef awards on 20 November in Glasgow. Also, Macdonald won "Best International Album Rock/Pop" with "A Curious Thing" at the Swiss Music Awards in March 2011. Furthermore, Macdonald won "Best International Rock/Pop Female" at the Echo Awards.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: On 23 August 2013, Macdonald performed at the 46th Sopot International Song Festival in Poland with her songs "This Is the Life" and "Slow It Down". She was awarded there a special prize by the Radio RMF FM.


title: Amy Macdonald

text: In 2013, Macdonald was shortlisted for the Scottish Fashion Awards "Scottish Fashion Icon 2013". She was shortlisted again in 2014 and won the award.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: Described as "the godfather of competitive eating", Kobayashi is a six-time champion of Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest and is widely credited with popularizing the sport of competitive eating.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: Born in Nagano, Japan, Kobayashi set his first record at his rookie appearance on July 4, 2001, when he ate 50 hot dogs in 12 minutes at the Nathan's Coney Island Hot Dog Eating Contest, almost doubling the previous record of 25⅛. The record was so unexpected that when Kobayashi got to the later numbers, the organizers ran out of signs indicating how many dogs Kobayashi had eaten and had to resort to handwritten signs. Kobayashi would go on to break his own record three times in winning the contest six consecutive times (2001–2006).


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: In the 2006 Krystal Square Off, Kobayashi's mark of 97 hamburgers was 30 better than his winning total in 2005 and 28 better than the World Record he set in 2004. However, this number has been called into question. Many of the 97 burgers dissolved when dunked, and Kobayashi (unlike his fellow competitors) let significant chunks of burger detritus fall from his mouth, instead of eating the complete burger. This led to the "No Dunking" rule in future competitions.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: At a speed-eating contest in Hong Kong on August 13, 2005, Kobayashi consumed 83 vegetarian jiaozi dumplings in 8 minutes. The next day, he ate 100 roasted pork buns in 12 minutes. Kobayashi also won the 2005 Alka-Seltzer US Open of Competitive Eating, a three-hour International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE), elimination tournament on ESPN, as well as the Glutton Bowl, a two-hour IFOCE eating special that aired on the Fox Network in 2002. However, on Fox's 2003 show "Man vs. Beast", Kobayashi lost in an eating competition against a 1089-pound (494 kg) Kodiak bear, when he ate 31 bunless hot dogs in 2 minutes and 36 seconds to the bear's 50. In a 2014 interview, Kobayashi claims to have beaten the bear in the rehearsal. (In October 2012, Kobayashi broke the record held by the bear at the Texas state fair.) On August 5, 2006, Kobayashi set yet another world record at the Johnsonville World Bratwurst Eating Championship in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, by downing 58 bratwurst sausages in 10 minutes, shattering the previous record of 35 set the previous year by Sonya Thomas. On September 23, 2006, Takeru Kobayashi set the world record at the Phantom Food Festival in Boston, for eating 41 Summer Shack lobster rolls in 10 minutes, replacing the previous record of 22 rolls. Other world-eating records held by Kobayashi include of cow brains in 15 minutes and of rice balls in 30 minutes.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: On June 25, 2007, Kobayashi announced on his blog that he seriously injured his jaw during training. He stated that he could only open his jaw about the width of a fingertip. Kobayashi's participation in the July 4, 2007, Nathan's contest continued as scheduled. He was able to eat a personal record 63 hot dogs, though his mark was bettered by Joey Chestnut's 66.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: On July 4, 2008, Kobayashi once again competed in the Nathan's contest. He ate 59 hot dogs, tying Chestnut, but lost a sudden death five dog eat off to finish second.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: Kobayashi went on to defeat Joey Chestnut, on May 31, 2009, in a Pizza Hut P'Zone competition at Sony Studios in Culver City, California. The competition aired on Spike TV on June 21. In July 2009, Kobayashi visited Puerto Rico in a special appearance for Taco Bell's Why Pay More Challenge, eating 64 tacos in 15 minutes for a local charity. On July 4, 2009, he competed again in the Nathan's contest. He ate 64.5 hot dogs to Joey Chestnut's 68. On September 27, 2009, Kobayashi defeated Chestnut with a score of 93 (68 Krystals, 5 Big Angus Burgers), earning the $20,000 top prize. Chestnut was second, with 81, and Pat "Deep Dish" Bertoletti finished third, with 76.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: On July 4, 2011, Kobayashi competed on the rooftop of a Manhattan bar simultaneously with the Nathan's Contest at Coney Island via a live video simulcast of the event. Kobayashi finished 69 hot dogs, one more than the officially recognized previous world record. That world record stood as the highest ever eaten until 2016 when Joey Chestnut ate a record 73.5 at a qualifier for that year's Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: On January 23, 2012. Kobayashi went on The Wendy Williams Show to set the record for eating the most Twinkies in one minute, for the "Save The Twinkie" campaign, and set a new world record of 14 Twinkies. On February 3, 2012, Kobayashi set the new Wing Bowl record for eating chicken wings at Wing Bowl XX, held at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia. His total was 337 wings in his first competition in that event. On August 26, 2012, Kobayashi set the new world record at the New York State Fair in Syracuse for eating 110 hot dogs in 10 minutes. In October 2012, Kobayashi set the new world record at the State Fair of Texas for eating 60 hot dogs in 2 minutes 35 seconds. On June 30, 2012, Kobayashi revealed the terms of the Major League Eating (MLE) contract he was required to sign in order to compete in Nathan's Fourth of July hot dog eating competition. The year-long contract limited him to $40,000 and took away any rights to endorse or engage in anything outside of what MLE mandated. On July 4, 2012, Kobayashi competed in the Crif Dog Classic. He ate 58.5 hot dogs and buns. On October 11, 2012, Kobayashi set the new world record at the Gringo Bandito Taco Challenge by eating 106 tacos in 10 minutes


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: On July 21, 2013, Kobayashi defended his title at the Gringo Bandito Taco Challenge. On October 6, 2013, Kobayashi won "LET 'EM EAT" Canada's biggest pizza eating contest for the fourth year in a row.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: On August 4, 2014, Kobayashi set the new world record at "LET 'EM EAT" Canada's biggest pizza eating contest by eating 62 slices of pizza (15 and a half pizzas) in 12 minutes.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: Kobayashi expands his stomach for a competition by eating larger and larger amounts of food, and then exercises to ensure that fat will not impede expansion of his stomach during a competition. His official web site gives his height as 173 cm and his weight as 58 kg (128 lb). However he's weighed as much as 87 kg (192 lb) according to a June 29, 2006 blog entry. As of July 4, 2009, Kobayashi weighed in at 60 kg (132 lb) for the annual Fourth of July hot dog eating competition on Coney Island. Kobayashi is also known for his trademark body wiggle, referred to by some as the "Kobayashi Shake", to force food down his esophagus and settle more compactly in his stomach. He eats hot dogs by splitting the frankfurter in half, dipping the buns in water, and then stuffing both parts in his mouth. He calls this the Solomon Method.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: On June 28, 2010, Kobayashi announced he would not compete in the Nathan's Fourth of July Hot Dog Eating Competition, reportedly due to the company's insistence that Kobayashi sign an exclusive contract.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: On July 4, 2010, Kobayashi was in attendance watching from the crowd at the Nathan's International Hot Dog Eating Contest. Wearing a black T-shirt that read "Free Kobi", Kobayashi mingled with the crowd, standing inside a police-barricaded pen just under the stage. After the competition ended, the spectators began chanting his name loudly, demanding that they "let him eat". Accordingly, Kobayashi indulged their wishes by climbing up onto the stage to a thunderous ovation. Although he was initially ushered by security officers up to the stage, one security officer (thought to have been requested by George Shea) arrested him from behind, and Kobayashi began resisting and thrashing his body around at the officials attempting to commandeer him. A struggle ensued, eventually resulting in Kobayashi being thrown against the barricades and tossed into the fences before finally being handcuffed and placed inside a police car. Some witnesses reported that Kobayashi was simply intending to shake the hand of the winner, Joey Chestnut, as a gesture of sportsmanship and goodwill. This has led analysts to believe that Kobayashi was fully intent on a contract renegotiation with MLE, and that congratulating Chestnut loosely resembled a "peace offering" from Kobayashi. Co-host and MLE President Richard Shea stated that "[Kobayashi] tried to jump on stage during the awards ceremony to disrupt it." With the crowd chanting his name and demanding that they "let him eat", Kobayashi was apprehended and arrested by the authorities. He was charged with resisting arrest, trespassing, and obstructing government administration and subsequently was taken to jail awaiting an appearance in Brooklyn Criminal Court.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: Kobayashi's interpreter and publicist, Maggie James, said he had originally gone in hopes to cheer on his fellow competitive eaters, but after arriving at the venue only to hear support from the fans demanding that they "let him eat", he was swooped onto the stage due to the excitement. She said "There's a contract dispute, they weren't giving him his freedom. It was unfair." Kobayashi told reporters he had a sandwich and a glass of milk while being held. "I am very hungry", he said. "I wish there were hot dogs in jail." On August 5, 2010, all charges against Kobayashi were dismissed by a judge in Brooklyn. Despite his record six consecutive victories in their annual event, Nathan's removed Kobayashi's image from their "Wall of Fame" in 2011. After Kobayashi left Nathan's, the hot dog contest lost sponsorship from Old Navy, Heinz Tomato Ketchup, Pepto-Bismol, and was down year-to-year in its Nielsen ratings. With an average 0.7 HH U.S. rating, it was off a tenth of a point from 2012, when it aired on ESPN. ESPN averaged 1.949 million viewers for 2011's Nathan's Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest, but went down 41% to 1.15 million viewers in 2013.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: In 2011, Kobayashi was still barred from the annual Nathan's event due to the contract dispute. On July 4, he competed on the rooftop of a Manhattan bar, 230 Fifth, for the duration of the Coney Island contest. Two official judges from the Athletic Association of NY observed Kobayashi while the live broadcast of the event played next to him on a large television screen. Kobayashi finished with 69 hot dogs, setting a world record that would eventually become surpassed on June 30, 2016 by Joey Chestnut's 73.5 hot dogs at a Nathan's qualifier.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: In 2012, Kobayashi was still barred from the annual Nathan's event due to the contract dispute. Kobayashi ate 58.5 at Crif dog classic, eating a different type hot dog from Nathan's Famous Fourth of July International Hot Dog Eating Contest.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: In 2005, Kobayashi appeared in a commercial for ESPN's SportsCenter. In 2007, Kobayashi appeared in commercials for MasterCard and Coors Light. In 2008 Kobayashi appeared in a Western Canada Lottery Corporation commercial. On May 30, 2009, Kobayashi attended the Spike Guys' Choice Awards. In November 2010, Kobayashi appeared in a magazine featuring men's clothing published as an offshoot of V magazine, VMAN 20th Winter. In November 2010, Kobayashi competed against Donkey Kong in a banana eating contest at the Rio-Can Centre in Toronto as part of the launch for Nintendo's Donkey Kong Country Returns. On July 7, 2011, Kobayashi made a guest appearance at Hewlett Packard event 2011. The other guests were Snoop Dogg, Sugar Ray, Dan Finnerty, Third Eye Blind, Candlebox. In 2011, Kobayashi appeared in TVB commercial. In Spring 2011, Kobayashi appeared in his first major fashion editorial in Canada's The Block magazine as a model. Additionally, Kobayashi is an aspiring dog trainer, with six labradoodles he calls his "hot dogs." In June 2012, Kobayashi made a special guest appearance and a taco demonstration at The Offspring's release party for their album "Days Go By".


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: In 2012, Kobayashi appeared in Eight O'Clock Coffee, and Hofmann commercial. In 2012, Kobayashi appeared on a celebrity edition of "Fear Factor". In 2013, Kobayashi appeared in Just-Eat and Thuzio commercials. Kobayashi has been featured on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Saturday Night Live, MTV's True Life, MTV After Hours With Josh Horowitz, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, The Wendy Williams Show and has done original features with Buzzfeed.com, CollegeHumor.com and SI.com, and is a featured user on the foodie mobile and web-based app Foodspotting. On July 4, 2013, Kobayashi unveiled his new line of all-beef midwestern grain-fed hot dogs, known officially as "Kobi Dogs" at Eventi Hotel in New York. On September 16, 2014, he appeared in a YouTube video competing with a hamster. The video ends with Kobayashi acknowledging his defeat by placing a medal around the hamster's neck. On September 22, 2015, Kobayashi, along with Patrick Bertoletti, Kevin Strahle and Bob Shoudt consumed a 40-pound goat in 13 minutes and 22 seconds at Taco In A Bag in Chicago. In 2015, Takeru Kobayashi consumed 110 hot dogs without buns in 10 minutes. On April 26, 2019, Nicole Lucas Haimes' feature documentary "The Good, The Bad, The Hungry" premiered at The Tribeca Film Festival, with Kobayashi and Joey Chestnut in attendance.


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: In the 93rd "TV Funhouse" short on the November 11th, 2006 episode of "Saturday Night Live", Kobayashi is the titular character of "Kobayashi", a parody of popular anime series, namely "Dragon Ball Z" where he also appears in-between animated scenes as himself. Kobayashi's eating abilities partially inspired the "King of the Hill" episode "The Fat and the Furious". This episode originally aired on November 10, 2002. In 2004, a character inspired by Kobayashi, namely "Kobarushi", appears in "Megas XLR"s episode "Bad Guy". Kobayashi also helped inspire the 2005 "" episode "". The episode features a victim who ate himself to death, in part from eating several hot dogs at a hot dog eating contest. Kobayashi is mentioned by Will Ferrell's character, Ricky Bobby, in the 2006 film "".


title: Takeru Kobayashi

text: Referenced in movie "Step Brothers" by Randy (Rob Riggle) after Derek (Adam Scott) threatens that Randy will, "...eat Brennan's (Will Ferrell's) dick", if Brennan botches the Catalina Wine Mixer, Randy adds, "Like Kobayashi!" Kobayashi appears in the ending cinematic of level three, "Around the World in 80 Bites" in the 2007 video game, "The Simpsons Game". In "The Simpsons" episode "Luca$" in the 25th season, the character Lucas Bortner wears a T-shirt with a photo of Kobayashi eating and refers to him in a dialogue. In the "1000 Ways to Die" skit "Vom-Ate-Dead", a professional eater modeled after Takeru Kobayashi is cornered by an emetophiliac woman who forces him to vomit on her, which causes her death when she chokes on an undigested piece of hot dog. Kobayashi appears as himself on a 2012 episode of "Jake and Amir", a CollegeHumor web series. He becomes aggressive when Jake tries to feed him hot dogs. Kobayashi appears as himself in the movie "The Houses October Built 2". He is in the Brain Eating Contest during the Zombie Pub Crawl in Minneapolis, Minnesota.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: Fragile is the fourth studio album by the English progressive rock band Yes, released on 12 November 1971 by Atlantic Records. It was the band's first album to feature keyboardist Rick Wakeman, who replaced founding member Tony Kaye after the group had finished touring their breakthrough record, "The Yes Album".


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: The band entered rehearsals in London in August 1971, but Kaye's reluctance to play electronic keyboards led to his departure from the group. He was quickly replaced by Wakeman, whose experience with the electric piano, organ, Mellotron, and Minimoog synthesiser expanded the band's sound. Due to budget and time constraints, four tracks on the album are group compositions; the remaining five are solo pieces written by each band member. The opening track, "Roundabout", became a popular and iconic song. The artwork for the album was the band's first to be designed by Roger Dean, who would design many of their future covers and stage sets.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: "Fragile" received a positive reception upon its release, and was a commercial success, reaching No. 4 on the US "Billboard" Top LPs chart and No. 7 on the UK Albums Chart. An edited version of "Roundabout" was released as a single in the US in January 1972, which reached No. 13. "Fragile" has since been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for selling over two million copies in the US. It has been remastered several times since its release, some remasters containing previously unreleased tracks.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: On 31 July 1971, Yes performed the final concert of their 1970–71 tour at Crystal Palace Park, London in support of their previous album, "The Yes Album" (1971). The tour was significant for the band as it included their first set of gigs in the US which helped them gain momentum as "The Yes Album" and its single "Your Move" reached the US top 40. The line-up during this time consisted of lead vocalist Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, drummer Bill Bruford, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and guitarist Steve Howe. Following the tour, Yes started work on their next studio album that was originally conceived as a double album with a combination of studio and live tracks. The concept could not be realised due to the increased amount of time required to make it. Ideas to record in Miami, Florida with producer Tom Dowd also never came to fruition.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: Rehearsals took place in August 1971 in what Squire described as "a little rehearsal studio in Shepherd's Market" in London. As recording began, Kaye was reluctant to expand his sound beyond his Hammond organ and piano and play newer instruments like the Mellotron or Moog synthesizer, causing artistic disagreements with his bandmates, particularly Anderson and Squire. Kaye was soon sacked from Yes, and a replacement was quickly found in Rick Wakeman, a classically-trained pianist with experience playing a wide variety of keyboard instruments. Wakeman was a member of the folk rock band Strawbs and an in-demand session musician. He was offered a spot with David Bowie's touring band on the same day that he was asked to join Yes, and he chose to join Yes due to the opportunity for more artistic freedom. He joined the group as they rehearsed "Heart of the Sunrise". Squire spoke about that first session: "That marked the first real appearance of the Mellotron and the Moog—adding the flavour of those instruments to a piece we'd basically already worked out". According to Wakeman, the basic structure of "Roundabout" was also worked out on the same day.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: Recording for the album began in August 1971 at Advision Studios using a 16-track tape machine. Eddy Offord, who served as a recording engineer on "Time and a Word" (1970), assumed his role while sharing production duties with the band. "Rolling Stone" reported that the album cost $30,000 to produce.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: According to Michael Tait, the band's lighting director, the album's title came from their manager Brian Lane who, while on the phone to "some press guy" asking Lane about the new album, "was looking at some photos from that Crystal Palace gig, saw the monitors at the front of the stage and, like all equipment, they had 'Fragile' stamped on the back". Bruford claimed he in fact suggested the title because he thought the band "was breakable" at the time. While the band were recording, Wakeman remembered children being brought into the studio to watch them play.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: "Fragile" contains nine tracks; four are "group arranged and performed" with the remaining five being "the individual ideas, personally arranged and organised" by the five members. Squire reasoned that this approach was necessary in part to save time and reduce studio costs, as money was used to purchase keyboard equipment for Wakeman. According to Bruford: "There was this endless discussion about how the band could be used ... I felt we could use all five musicians differently ... So I said—brightly—'Why don't we do some individual things, whereby we all use the group for our own musical fantasy? I'll be the director, conductor, and maestro for the day, then you do your track, and so on.'" Wakeman commented on the album's structure. "Some critics thought this was just being flash. The thinking behind this was that we realised there would be a lot of new listeners coming to the band. They could find out where each individual player's contribution lay."


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: Side one begins with "Roundabout", a song written by Anderson and Howe that has become one of Yes's best-known songs. Howe recalled that the track was originally "a guitar instrumental suite ... I sort of write a song without a song. All the ingredients are there—all that's missing is the song. "Roundabout" was a bit like that; there was a structure, a melody and a few lines." The introduction was made by playing a recorded piano chord backwards. "Cans and Brahms" is Wakeman's adaptation of the third movement of Symphony No. 4 in E minor by Johannes Brahms, with an electric piano used for the string section, grand piano for the woodwinds, organ for the brass, electric harpsichord for reeds, and synthesizer as contrabassoon. Wakeman later described "Cans and Brahms" as "dreadful", as contractual problems with A&M Records, with whom he was signed as a solo artist, prevented him from writing a composition of his own. Anderson described "We Have Heaven" as a "rolling idea of voices and things", with its two main sets of chants containing the phrases "Tell the Moon dog, tell the March hare" and "He is here, to look around" (cf.). Side one closes with "South Side of the Sky".


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: Side two opens with Bruford's track, "Five per Cent for Nothing". With a running time of thirty-five seconds, it is his "first attempt at composition—but we've all got to start somewhere". According to Tait, its original title was "Suddenly It's Wednesday", but it was changed in reference to Yes paying off their former manager Roy Flynn with the deal of five percent of future royalties. "Long Distance Runaround" segues into Squire's solo track, "The Fish (Schindleria Praematurus)". Tait recalled that Anderson called him "at ten o'clock one night from Advision and said, 'I want the name of a prehistoric fish in eight syllables. Call me back in half an hour'". Tait subsequently found "Schindleria praematurus", a species of marine fish, in a copy of "Guinness Book of Records". Howe performs his solo guitar piece "Mood for a Day" on a Conde flamenco guitar. "Heart of the Sunrise" originated as a love song that Anderson wrote for his then-wife Jennifer which covered the sunrise and the inability for humans to fully understand it, and the "excitement and friction" of London's streets and one man feeling "lost" in it. The track is where Wakeman's classically-trained background came into play; he introduced the band to recapitulation, a musical concept where previous segments in a piece are revisited. Bruford considers it as the group's breakthrough piece in terms of originality: "It had the drama and the poise and the kind of fey, pastoral English-y lyrics at the beginning where the music all gives way to a slightly feminine vocal."


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: "Fragile" marks the start of the band's long association with English artist Roger Dean, who would design many of their future album covers, their logo, and live stage sets. In 1971 Dean submitted a portfolio to Phil Carson, then European General Manager of Atlantic Records, who said would contact Dean for work when one of his bands needed a cover artist, which became Yes. Prior to starting on the album's cover, Dean had came up with a creation myth narrative about a child who dreamt they were living on a planet that started breaking up, so they built a "space ark" to find another planet to live on while towing the broken pieces with them. Dean was aware that the album's title described "the psyche" of the group at the time, which influenced his "very literal" design of a fragile Bonsai world that was going to break up. The band had wished for an image of a fractured piece of porcelain, but Dean ended up breaking the planet into two pieces as a compromise. Dean produced three versions of the cover with the planet in green, red, and blue, in an attempt to "get the right look." Bruford thought Dean "brilliantly parlayed that idea [one of "Fragile"] up to the prescient image of the fragile planet earth, with implications of a delicate and breakable eco-system." Dean continued the narrative in his artwork for Yes's first live album, "Yessongs" (1973), but his style had evolved by this time and the planet no longer looked like the "Fragile" original.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: The LP's accompanying booklet contains two additional Dean paintings; the front cover depicts five creatures huddled under a root system, and the back depicts a person climbing up a rock formation. The inside features several photographs of the band with a page dedicated to each member, with smaller illustrations and photographs of their wives and children. Anderson's page contains a short poem, and Wakeman's includes a list of acknowledgements, including Mozart, The White Bear pub in Hounslow, and Brentford F.C.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: "Fragile" was released on 12 November 1971 in the UK. It was originally set for release a month prior, but the US division of Atlantic Records were concerned of bootlegged copies arriving early in the US and delayed its release. In addition "The Yes Album" and the single "Your Move" had started to gain momentum on the US charts, and Atlantic were not keen to put out a new release so soon. By December 1971, an estimated 10,000 copies of "Fragile" had made its way to the US.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: "Fragile" was released in the US on 7 January 1972. It peaked at number 4 on the U.S. "Billboard" Top LPs chart and number 7 in the UK. "Roundabout" was released as a single in the US with a duration of 3:27, with "Long Distance Runaround" on the B-side. It peaked at No. 13 on the "Billboard" Pop Singles chart in April 1972. In April 1972, "Fragile" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album is certified double Platinum by the RIAA for over 2 million copies sold. The album has been certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: "Fragile" received a mostly positive reception upon its release. "Billboard" magazine selected the album in its "Billboard Pick" feature, describing it as "vibrant, soothing, tumultuous, placid and instrumentally brilliant" and Anderson's vocals "deliciously ingratiating". In his review for "Rolling Stone", Richard Cromelin pointed out the album's "gorgeous melodies, intelligent, carefully crafted, constantly surprising arrangements, concise and energetic performances" and "cryptic but evocative lyrics", but pointed out that Yes "tend to succumb to the show-off syndrome. Their music (notably "We Have Heaven") often seems designed only to impress and tries too hard to call attention to itself". Kurt White reviewed the album in "The Daily Reporter", calling Wakeman a "very talented organist". He named "Roundabout" the album's finest cut, "an eight-minute masterpiece incorporating unusual rhythm and music". He notes that despite its "limitations and faults", "Fragile" remains "interesting and enjoyable".


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: "Melody Maker" gave a mixed review on 20 November 1971. It opened with: "'Fragile' does not seem to go anywhere or have any theme except displaying Yes' technical ability ... It's not until 'Heart of the Sunrise' that they get there. It's all a little too much like exercises, clever and beautifully played". The review praised "Roundabout" for Howe's guitar work and compared its style to "Yours is No Disgrace" from "The Yes Album". In the "Detroit Free Press", reviewer Jon Weisman deemed it "in a word, extraordinary" with Wakeman's addition to the band the key to them achieving an "ethereal, clear sound" they had been aiming for. His main criticism was the band's tendency to be too esoteric in their style and "other-worldly". Ed Keheller for "Circus" magazine summarised his review of the album with ""Fragile" is unquestionably their most cohesive and mettlesome undertaking". In the same issue, Squire responded to the criticism regarding the album's solo tracks, "in a way you've got to appreciate the circumstances. We had to get another album out quickly from a purely financial point of view. We have a lot of mouths to feed. Rick ... had to buy a vast amount of new equipment when he joined, and it all costs much more money than people seem to imagine."


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: In 2005, "Fragile" was included in the musical reference publication "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". In his review for AllMusic, Bruce Eder gave the album five stars out of five. He writes: ""Fragile" was Yes' breakthrough album, propelling them in a matter of weeks from a cult act to an international phenomenon; not coincidentally, it also marked the point where all of the elements of the music (and more) that would define their success for more than a decade fell into place fully formed. The science-fiction and fantasy elements that had driven the more successful songs on ... "The Yes Album", were pushed much harder here, and not just in the music but in the packaging of the album: the Roger Dean-designed cover was itself a fascinating creation that seemed to relate to the music and drew the purchaser's attention in a manner that few records since the heyday of the psychedelic era could match."


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: In 2014, readers of "Rhythm" voted it the sixth greatest drumming album in the history of progressive rock.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: "Fragile" was first reissued on CD in the United States and Europe in 1990. A remastered edition for CD and cassette by Joe Gastwirt followed in 1994, which includes a reprise of "We Have Heaven" after "Heart of the Sunrise" for a track running time of 11:32. In 2002, Rhino and Elektra Records released "Fragile" in stereo and 5.1 surround sound mixes for the DVD-Audio format. The band's cover of "America" is included, along with other supplemental features. 2003 saw Rhino and Elektra put out a new remastered CD conducted by Dan Hersch, with "America" and an early rough mix of "Roundabout" as bonus tracks.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: In 2006, two new "audiophile" remasters were released. Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab put out a "24 KT Gold" edition for CD headed by Shawn Britton, and a 200-gram LP from Analogue Productions by Kevin Gray and Steve Hoffman. Warner Japan released "Fragile" in 2011 in a hybrid stereo/multi-channel edition for the Super Audio CD format as part of their Warner Premium Sound series. The 2003 reissue was included in the album box set "The Studio Albums, 1969–1987", released in 2013.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: "Fragile" was released in a new stereo and 5.1 surround sound mix on CD, DVD-Audio, and Blu-ray by Steven Wilson, on 30 October 2015. The Blu-ray disc features six previously unreleased tracks.


title: Fragile (Yes album)

text: Details are taken from the 1971 US Atlantic album (UK release does not list running times); other releases may show different information.


title: Hypocalcemia

text: Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood serum. The normal range of blood calcium is typically between 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L) while levels less than 2.1 mmol/L are defined as hypocalcemic. Mildly low levels that develop slowly often have no symptoms. Otherwise symptoms may include numbness, muscle spasms, seizures, confusion, or cardiac arrest.


title: Hypocalcemia

text: The most common cause for hypocalcemia is iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. Other causes include other forms of hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, kidney failure, pancreatitis, calcium channel blocker overdose, rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis syndrome, and medications such as bisphosphonates or denosumab. Diagnosis should generally be confirmed with a corrected calcium or ionized calcium level. Specific changes may be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG).


title: Hypocalcemia

text: Initial treatment for severe disease is with intravenous calcium chloride and possibly magnesium sulfate. Other treatments may include vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium supplements. If due to hypoparathyroidism, hydrochlorothiazide, phosphate binders, and a low salt diet may also be recommended. About 18% of people who are being treated in hospital have hypocalcemia.


title: Hypocalcemia

text: The neuromuscular symptoms of hypocalcemia are caused by a positive bathmotropic effect (i.e. increased responsiveness) due to the decreased interaction of calcium with sodium channels. Since calcium blocks sodium channels and inhibits depolarization of nerve and muscle fibers, reduced calcium lowers the threshold for depolarization. The symptoms can be recalled by the mnemonic "CATs go numb" - convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, and numbness in the hands and feet and around the mouth.


title: Hypocalcemia

text: Hypoparathyroidism is a common cause of hypocalcemia. Calcium is tightly regulated by the parathyroid hormone (PTH). In response to low calcium levels, PTH levels rise, and conversely if there are high calcium levels then PTH secretion declines. However, in the setting of absent, decreased, or ineffective PTH hormone, the body loses this regulatory function, and hypocalcemia ensues. Hypoparathyroidism is commonly due to surgical destruction of the parathyroid glands. Hypoparathyroidism may also be due to autoimmune problem. Some causes of hypocalcaemia are as follows:


title: Hypocalcemia

text: Physiologically, blood calcium is tightly regulated within a narrow range for proper cellular processes. Calcium in the blood exists in three primary states: bound to proteins (mainly albumin), bound to anions such as phosphate and citrate, and as free (unbound) ionized calcium; all of these forms are ionised. Only the unbound calcium is physiologically active. Normal blood calcium level is between 8.5 and 10.5 mg/dL (2.12 to 2.62 mmol/L) and that of unbound calcium is 4.65 to 5.25 mg/dL (1.16 to 1.31 mmol/L).


title: Hypocalcemia

text: Because a significant portion of calcium is bound to albumin, any alteration in the level of albumin will affect the measured level of calcium. A corrected calcium level based on the albumin level is: Corrected calcium (mg/dL) = measured total Ca (mg/dL) + 0.8 * (4.0 - serum albumin [g/dL]).


title: Hypocalcemia

text: Since calcium is also bound to small anions, it may be more useful to correct total calcium for both albumin and the anion gap.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: "Bridge over Troubled Water" is a song by the American folk duo Simon & Garfunkel, released in January 1970 as the second single from their fifth studio album, "Bridge over Troubled Water" (1970). It was composed by Paul Simon and produced by Simon & Garfunkel and Roy Halee.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: "Bridge over Troubled Water" features lead vocals by Art Garfunkel and a piano accompaniment influenced by gospel music, with a "Wall of Sound"-style production. It was the last song recorded for the album, but the first completed. The instrumentation, provided by the Wrecking Crew, was recorded in California, while Simon and Garfunkel's vocals were recorded in New York. Simon felt Garfunkel should sing solo, an invitation Garfunkel initially declined. Session musician Larry Knechtel performs piano, with Joe Osborn playing bass guitar and Hal Blaine on drums.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: The song won five awards at the 13th Annual Grammy Awards in 1971, including Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. It is Simon & Garfunkel's most successful single, and it is often considered their signature song; it topped the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for six weeks, and also reached number one in the United Kingdom, Canada, France and New Zealand. It reached the top five in eight other countries, eventually selling over six million copies worldwide. It became one of the most performed songs of the 20th century, covered by over 50 artists, including Elvis Presley, Aretha Franklin and Johnny Cash. It is ranked number 66 on "Rolling Stone"s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: "Bridge over Troubled Water" was composed by Paul Simon in early 1969; the song came to him very quickly, so much so that he asked himself: "Where did that come from? It doesn't seem like me." The title concept was inspired by Claude Jeter's line "I'll be your bridge over deep water if you trust in my name," which Jeter sang with his group, the Swan Silvertones, in the 1959 song "Mary Don't You Weep." According to gospel producer and historian Anthony Heilbut, Simon acknowledged his debt to Jeter in person, and handed Jeter a check. Simon named Johann Sebastian Bach's "O Sacred Head, Now Wounded" as inspiration for parts of the melody. Simon wrote the song initially on guitar but transposed it to the piano to reflect the gospel influence and suit Garfunkel's voice.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: Simon told his partner, Art Garfunkel, that Garfunkel should sing it alone, the "white choirboy way", though Simon adds harmony on the final verse. Garfunkel felt it was not right for him; he liked Simon's falsetto on the demo and suggested that Simon sing. At the suggestion of Garfunkel and producer Roy Halee, Simon wrote an extra verse and a "bigger" ending, though he felt it was less cohesive with the earlier verses. The final verse was written about Simon's then-wife Peggy Harper, who had noticed her first gray hairs ("Sail on, silvergirl"). It does not refer to a drug abuser's hypodermic needle, as is sometimes claimed. The verse was Garfunkel's idea, but Simon reportedly did not like it.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: "Bridge over Troubled Water" was the final track recorded for the album but the first completed, with an additional two weeks of post-production. Simon initially composed the song in G major, but arranger and composer Jimmie Haskell transposed the song to E-flat major to suit Garfunkel's voice. The song's instrumental parts were recorded in August 1969 in California, to make it easier for Garfunkel to go to Mexico to film "Catch-22". Simon wanted a gospel piano sound, and hired session musician Larry Knechtel. Joe Osborn played two separate bass tracks, one high and the other low. A string section entering in the third verse completed the arrangement. The drums were played by Hal Blaine in an echo chamber to achieve a hall effect and Los Angeles session percussionist Gary Coleman played the Vibraphone. The arranger Ernie Freeman labelled his string arrangement as "Like a Pitcher of Water".


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: Simon and Garfunkel returned to New York in November 1969 to record the vocals. The vocal style in "Bridge over Troubled Water" was inspired by Phil Spector's technique in "Old Man River" by The Righteous Brothers. Simon said it sounded like the Beatles' "Let It Be", stating in a "Rolling Stone" interview: "They are very similar songs, certainly in instrumentation."


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: As their relations frayed preceding their 1970 breakup, Simon began to experience regret for allowing Garfunkel to sing it solo:


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: Despite the song's five-minute length, Columbia decided to release "Bridge over Troubled Water" for play on pop radio. AM radio had previously played Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone" in 1965, despite its running over the conventional three-minute playtime limit. This figured in Columbia's decision to release the five minute version of "Bridge over Troubled Water" as a single. It reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart on February 28, 1970, and stayed at the top of the chart for six weeks. "Bridge over Troubled Water" also topped the adult contemporary chart in the US for six weeks. "Billboard" ranked it as the No. 1 song for 1970.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: The song was certified Gold for over one million copies in the US by the Recording Industry Association of America, and sold over six million copies worldwide.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: The single won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Contemporary Song, and Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals in the Grammy Awards of 1971, with its album also winning Album of the Year.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: "Bridge over Troubled Water" entered the Billboard Hot 100 top 40 at no.13 on February 9, 1970. It jumped to no.3 the following week before climbing to no.1.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: During a six-week run at the top – the most for any single that year – Simon and Garfunkel held off strong competition from Creedence Clearwater Revival ("Travelin' Band") and The Jaggerz ("The Rapper"). Then, on April 11, the song fell to no.5 – replaced by The Beatles' "Let It Be". "Bridge over Troubled Water" concluded a 13-week run in the US top 40 on 9 May as their follow-up hit "Cecilia" began its rise to no.4.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: As in the US, "Bridge over Troubled Water" made its UK top 40 bow at no.13, on February 28, 1970. The song climbed steadily over the next four weeks before claiming no.1 on March 28. During a three-week stay at the top, it held off strong competition from Mary Hopkin with "Knock, Knock Who's There?" and "Can't Help Falling in Love" by Andy Williams.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: In total, "Bridge over Troubled Water" spent seventeen weeks in the UK top 40 (concluding on June 27).


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: "Bridge over Troubled Water" has been covered by over 50 artists, including Elvis Presley and Willie Nelson. Merry Clayton recorded a version in gospel style on her 1970 album "Gimme Shelter". A cover recorded by Johnny Cash and Fiona Apple for Cash's "" album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals in 2003.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: Aretha Franklin's gospel-inspired cover version was released in March 1971 on Atlantic 45-2796 and reached number one on the US R&B chart and number six on the pop chart. The single was certified gold by the RIAA selling two million copies and later won the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in the 1972 awards. The single is 3:18 in length. The longer studio version, 5:31 in length, that appears on numerous compilations was first released on Franklin's 1971 compilation "Aretha's Greatest Hits". Her version was included on "Greatest Moments, Volume III: Various Artists". Franklin also debuted her version at the 1971 Grammy Awards.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: Elvis Presley recorded it in Nashville on June 5, 1970, and it was released on the 1970 album "That's the Way It Is" (with a false audience fade-out). He included it in his set list for his next engagement in Las Vegas, which included the filming of the 1970 documentary "", and the song was included in the original theatrical release (included version is from the August 11 dinner show). During that summer season in Vegas, Paul Simon attended one of the shows, and, after seeing Elvis perform the song, he was reported to have said, "That's it, we might as well all give up now." Presley continued to use this song throughout his live performances, including his final live appearance in Indianapolis on June 26, 1977. Another live performance was seen in the Golden Globe-winning documentary "Elvis on Tour", filmed at the Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina, on April 14, 1972. Elvis even sang it at one of his Madison Square Garden Shows back in June 1972.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: On the studio version, Robert Matthew Watson wrote in his book "Heartbreak Hotel": "Presley's outstanding singing is not disguised. This is a fabulous version, burning with sincerity and power, and finding depths not revealed by the composers."


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: Chet Atkins and Jerry Reed recorded an instrumental version of the song and released it on their 1970 album "Me & Jerry". The song appears as the second song on the album's first side and features both Reed and Atkins playing guitar trading lines back and forth with each other. The album and their rendition of the song received generally positive reviews with the former going on to win the 1971 Grammy Award for Best Country Instrumental Performance.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: Linda Clifford, Curtis Mayfield's protegée signed on his Curtom label, released an up-tempo disco version of "Bridge over Troubled Water" on her album "Let Me Be Your Woman" in March 1979. This epic version (10:20 in length) was produced by Gil Askey (jazz trumpet player and musical director for many Motown acts) and mixed by Jimmy Simpson, brother of Valerie Simpson from Ashford and Simpson. The song has two originalities, the first one being a 132 bpm tempo (considered the ideal tempo for disco dancing) when the Simon and Garfunkel original is 82 bpm and Aretha Franklin's cover is 76 bpm. It was the first time that this song was covered with a fast tempo. It also has a highly original "Brazilian cuica on a disco beat" break. It became a US disco number 11, pop number 41, R&B number 49 and UK number 28.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: In 1991, P.J.B. featuring Hannah and Her Sisters, a UK group assembled by British songwriter, record producer and author Pete Bellotte and fronted by British singer Hannah Jones, released a dance cover of "Bridge over Troubled Water" which reached number 21 on the UK Singles Chart. The group appeared on "Top of the Pops" as the opening act on the 26 September 1991 episode.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: In 2003, "American Idol" season two runner-up Clay Aiken performed "Bridge over Troubled Water" during the competition. After the final results were announced, RCA Records released the song as a double A-side single with "This Is the Night" in Canada in New Zealand; in the US, "This Is the Night" was credited as a solo release since it received a higher cumulative airplay audience. The double A-side charted at number one in both Canada and New Zealand, earning a sextuple-platinum sales certification in the former country and a platinum disc in the latter. On New Zealand's year-end chart for 2003, the single was ranked at number 38.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: A rewriting of the song with Cantonese lyrics ("Many hearts prevail" – ) was collectively sung by many Hong Kong singers for public shows in Hong Kong to raise funds after the Eastern China flood of 1991. In 2009 it was also used in the Artistes 88 Fund Raising Campaign for the victims of Typhoon Morakot.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: Dami Im covered this song during the Family Heroes-themed sixth live show of the fifth season of "Australian X Factor" on September 29, 2013. Im's performance of the song debuted at number 15 on the Australian Singles Chart. Im later released a version of the song on her self-titled album, which debuted at number 1 in Australia, and was certified Platinum.


title: Bridge over Troubled Water (song)

text: To raise money for the families of the victims of the Grenfell Tower fire in June 2017 and for The London Community Foundation, Simon Cowell arranged the recording and release of a charity single on June 21, 2017. London-born grime artist Stormzy featured prominently, having written a fresh 16-line intro to the song which specifically referenced the tragedy. The recording reached number one on the UK Singles Chart on June 23, 2017, and was certified gold by the BPI on January 31, 2020. The artists were awarded with the Power of Music Award at the 2017 MTV Europe Music Awards.


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: The Raven Rock Mountain Complex (RRMC), also known as Site R, is a U.S. military installation with an underground nuclear bunker near Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania, at Raven Rock Mountain that has been called an "underground Pentagon". The bunker has emergency operations centers for the United States Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps. Along with Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center in Virginia and the Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado, it formed the core bunker complexes for the US continuity of government plan during the Cold War to survive a nuclear attack.


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: The installation's largest tenant unit is the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and RRMC communications are the responsibility of the 114th Signal Battalion. The facility has 38 communications systems, and the Defense Information Systems Agency provides computer services at the complex.


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: Raven Rock Mountain is adjacent to Jacks Mountain on the north while Miney Branch flows west-to-east between them in the Potomac River Watershed. The 1820 Waynesboro-Emmitsburg Turnpike with toll station for the 1787 crossroad was constructed between the mountains, where the Fight at Monterey Gap was conducted after the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg (Stuart's artillery at Raven Rock Gap shelled Federal troops.) In 1870, copper ore was discovered to the north, and the nearby Fountain Dale Springs House was established in 1874. The scenic area's mountain recreation facilities to the west included the 1877 Pen Mar Park, the 1878 High Rock Tower, the 1885 Monterey Country Club, and several resorts (e.g., Blue Mountain House, Buena Vista Springs Hotels, & Washington Cliff House). The 1889 Jacks Mountain Tunnel on the Western Extension (Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway) was completed near Raven Rock Mountain, and nearby stations were at Blue Ridge Summit and Charmian. The Army's 1942 Camp Ritchie was built southwest of the resorts, and a local road was built eastward from Blue Ridge Summit and intersected the north-south Fountaindale-Sabillasville Road (the intersection now provides access to the RRMC main gate.)


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: Planning for a protected Cold War facility near Washington, D.C. began in 1948 for relocation of military National Command Authorities and the Joint Communications Service.


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: The planned deep underground communications center was identified in the original 1950 federal petition to seize the Beard Lot, a 1,500-foot-high, mile-long hill located at Fountaindale and extending east and south along the Waynesboro-Emmitsburg road, The "Declaration of Taking" for "United States of America v. 1,100 Acres of Land" was filed at the Adams County courthouse on 23 January 1951, and made the government the official owner of the 280-acre tract seized from four properties (17 total properties had been requested by 15 February—some only for temporary use). South of and above the Carson service station on the Sunshine trail, bulldozers began work on 19 January 1951; by 3 February a roadway to the site had been leveled behind a farmhouse; and by 24 February underground work had commenced (40 men working "normally" on that date were only performing above-ground construction). By 26 May the Army had named the landform Raven Rock Mountain ("Raven Rock" is a pillar landform to the north along the mountain range) and listed its elevation as 1,527 feet.


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: By 20 October 1951, there had been two deaths: one, Roland P. Kelly, of PenMar MD due to premature dynamite detonation in the Beard Lot tunnel, and a power shovel operator from Phillipsburg named Leroy Fleagle who suffered crushing injuries. The S. A. Healy Company was working on the alternate Pentagon in November 1951, when the government announced a defense appropriations cutback that would affect the project. On 16 January 1952, the government indicated that when completed, the bunker would have a standby group of approximately 100 personnel. Because of construction damage to the Sunshine Trail, the US said it would rebuild the trail in any fashion the state desired.


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: By 29 March 1952, more than 100 workers were striking from building additional Raven Rock housing at Camp Ritchie, which was to be a supplemental installation for the underground Pentagon at Fountaindale. No work was going on in the Raven Rock (Beard Lot) tunnel at that time. Local travelers having to bypass on the serpentine on the slope between Monterey and Fountaindale grew frustrated during the delay (the incomplete tunnel was derogatorily dubbed "Harry's Hole," for President Truman.) By 7 April 1952, United Telephone Company rights of way had been secured for four tracts, including one in Cumberland Township. Easements for three additional private tracts were filed by the government in December 1953 (a 1954 lawsuit against the U.S. by Alfred Holt was seeking $2,000 an acre for his 140-acre woodlot atop the Beard Lot [after] turning down an offer of $2,800 from the government.)


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: A 1952 Army history disclosed Raven Rock information. Three underground buildings were completed in 1953, the year a guard shelter burned on the installation. By April 1954, "Little Pentagon" development had cost $35,000,000.


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: After the 1954 Air Defense Command blockhouse was built at Ent Air Force Base, where the joint 1955 Continental Air Defense Command was activated, in August 1955 OSD approved the automatic activation of Raven Rock's Alternate Joint Communication Center on declaration of air defense warning or notice of surprise attack (SAC similarly completed a bunker in 1955). The AJCC was equipped with command and control (C) hardware by the end of 1955.


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: In July 1956 at Raven Rock, a joint War Room Annex was established and was operated by the Air Force, and Raven Rock's readiness was broadened in April 1957 [for] activation prior to emergency if JCS thought it necessary. By 1959, the services as well as JCS regarded Raven Rock as their primary emergency deployment center. For the Air Force, it served as Headquarters USAF Advanced, capable of receiving the Chief of Staff and key officers. After President Dwight D. Eisenhower expressed concern about nuclear command and control, a 1958 reorganization in National Command Authority relations with the joint commands was implemented. On 1 July 1958 Raven Rock's USAF facility, ADCC (Blue Ridge Summit), became one of the 33 NORAD Alert Network Number 1 stations (but with receive-only capability as at TAC Headquarters, Sandia Base, and the Presidio at San Francisco.) On 20 October 1960, the JCS instructed the Joint Staff to establish a Joint Alternate Command Element (JACE) for rotating battle staffs to Raven Rock for temporary duty. In November 1960, consoles at the Pentagon's Joint War Room became operational, and the Raven Rock JACE was activated on 11 July 1961 under USAF Brig. Gen. Willard W. Smith [with the 5] staffs permanently stationed in Washington and an administrative section at Ft. Ritchie—rotations began in October 1961 (Fort Ritchie also had the OSD Defense Emergency Relocation Site.) An expansion project by the Frazier–Davis–McDonald Company was underway in December 1961 at the "little Pentagon", and bunker personnel were evacuated during a 1962 fire. Pentagon construction to provide an entire JCS center at the Joint War Room opened the National Military Command Center (NMCC) in early October 1962. It was initially considered an interim center until a nearby Deep Underground Command Center (DUCC) could be completed after which Raven Rock would be phased out as superfluous, whichever version [50-man or 300-man DUCC] was chosen, but neither was built—nor were SAC's similar Deep Underground Support Center or NORAD's Super Combat Centers.


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: Raven Rock's joint War Room, USAF ADCC, and other facilities were designated the Alternate National Military Command Center (ANMCC) on 1 October 1962 when the Burroughs SS-416L Control and Warning Support System with the Semi Automatic Ground Environment had been deployed (Back-Up Interceptor Control began at North Bend AFS in December.) The term AJCC remained in use, only [for] the Army-managed communications complex. On 17 October 1962, DOD Directive S-5100.30 conceived the Worldwide Military Command and Control System with five groups of C systems: the National Military Command System was the primary group (to serve the President/SECDEF/JCS) and was to contain the Pentagon NMCC, Raven Rock's ANMCC, 3 NEACP aircraft on 24-hour ground alert, 2 NECPA ships, and interconnecting communications—the Raven Rock bunker was hardened further to about 140 psi blast resistance by 1963 when the Cheyenne Mountain nuclear bunker was being completed for tbd psi. The USAF's subsequent IBM 473L Command and Control System with AN/FYA-2 Integrated Data Transfer Consoles and Large Panel Display Subsystem had equipment deployed at both the NMCC and ANMCC (a 2nd IBM 1410 computer was installed by 15 December 1966.)


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: The USACC Site R Telecommunications Center was designated in 1976, and the 1977 Alternate National Military Command and Control Center Improvement Program was worked on by the DoD Special Projects Office (later renamed Protective Design Center) for a new deep underground C center with > of air entrainment tunnels (cancelled in 1979.) After the 2001 September 11 attacks, Vice President Dick Cheney used Raven Rock as a protected site away from President George W. Bush. The Raven Rock Mountain Complex was declared part of the Pentagon Reservation under and on May 25, 2007, DoD policy declared it is unlawful for any person entering or on the property ..."to make any photograph, sketch, picture, drawing, map or graphical representation of the Raven Rock Mountain Complex without first obtaining the necessary permission."


title: Raven Rock Mountain Complex

text: In 1977, the bunker had an Emergency Conference Room, and the Current Action Center was a military intelligence unit (an Air Force general was responsible for overseeing the installation's communications).


title: Itzhak Stern

text: Itzhak Stern (25 January 1901 – 1969) was a Polish-Israeli Jewish Holocaust survivor who worked for Sudeten-German industrialist Oskar Schindler and assisted him in his rescue activities during the Holocaust.


title: Itzhak Stern

text: Stern was born 25 January 1901, in Kraków. He was an important leader in the Jewish community, and was the vice president of the Jewish Agency for Western Poland and a member of the Zionist Central Committee. In 1938, he was engaged to Sophia Backenrot, although the marriage was postponed until after the war.


title: Itzhak Stern

text: On 18 November 1939, during the early months of the Nazi occupation of Poland, Oskar Schindler was introduced to Stern, who was then working as an accountant for Schindler's fellow Abwehr agent Josef "Sepp" Aue, who had gained control of Stern's formerly Jewish-owned place of employment as a (trustee). Schindler showed Stern the balance sheet of a company he was thinking of acquiring, an enamelware manufacturer called Ltd owned by a consortium of Jewish businessmen (including Abraham Bankier) that had filed for bankruptcy earlier that year. Stern advised him that rather than running the company as a trusteeship under the auspices of the (Main Trustee Office for the East), he should buy or lease the business directly, as that would give him more freedom from the dictates of the Nazis, including the freedom to hire more Jews. Despite Stern being Jewish and Schindler being a member of the Nazi Party, Schindler was friendly to Stern. Later, Stern said of the meeting:


title: Itzhak Stern

text: I did not know what he wanted and I was frightened... [until] December 1st, we Polish Jews had been left more or less alone. They had Aryanized the factories, of course. And if a German asked you a question in the street it was compulsory for you to precede your answer with 'I am a Jew...' But it was only on December 1st that we had to begin wearing the Star of David. It was just as the situation had begun to grow worse for the Jews, when the Sword of Damocles was already over our heads, that I had this meeting with Oskar Schindler.


title: Itzhak Stern

text: In a later meeting, Stern informed Schindler that he could use Jewish slave labour to staff his factory, "" (German Enamelware Factory) at a lower price than Polish laborers, which would also allow those laborers to be protected from deportations. Schindler followed his suggestion, which began his rescue activities of Jews during the Holocaust.


title: Itzhak Stern

text: Kraków's Jews were imprisoned in the Kraków Ghetto six months after German troops invaded Kraków. The ghetto was fully liquidated in 1943. Those considered useful (to be used as slave labour) were sent to Płaszów, including Schindler's workers and Stern. The rest were sent to various death camps across Poland. In Płaszów, Stern and his brother Natan, along with Mietek Pemper and Joseph Bau, were forced to work in Płaszów's office, where they came into frequent contact with the camp's notorious commandant, Amon Göth. Stern helped Pemper in his efforts to prevent the closure and liquidation of Płaszów, knowing that while conditions there were terrible, liquidation likely meant the deaths of every prisoner. Stern kept in contact with Schindler throughout this time and worked to better conditions for the Jews, including transferring workers to Schindler's factory, distributing aid money, and attempting to inform the outside world of their plight.


title: Itzhak Stern

text: In 1944, when the closure of Płaszów became inevitable, Schindler decided to open a new factory, the Brünnlitz labor camp, in Brněnec, occupied Czechoslovakia, for his Jewish workers in order to prevent them from being sent to death camps. Stern and the surviving members of his family were placed on the famous list to be transferred to Brünnlitz by Schindler, although Stern's mother died of illness when she, along with the other female , were transferred to Auschwitz before Schindler could arrange their transfer to Brünnlitz. The male , including Stern and Natan, were transported to Gross-Rosen before they were sent to the relative safety of Brünnlitz, where Stern worked directly with Schindler and became one of the leaders of the Jewish workers. Due to his membership in the Nazi Party and service in the Abwehr, Schindler was in danger of being arrested after the defeat of Nazi Germany. Stern and the other Jewish leaders wrote a letter attesting to Schindler's rescue of Jews, which they gave to Schindler before he fled to the Allied lines.


title: Itzhak Stern

text: After the liberation of the Brünnlitz camp by the Red Army, Stern moved to Paris and eventually emigrated to Israel. He advocated for Schindler to be recognized more broadly, even writing a pamphlet about his rescue activity. Stern remained friends with Schindler for the rest of his life, corresponding with him until his death in 1969. It was reported that Schindler "cried inconsolably" at his funeral.


title: Itzhak Stern

text: In 1938, Stern was engaged to Sophia Backenrot, who survived the war due to her Aryan appearance in the Drohobycz ghetto. Their marriage was postponed until the end of the war in 1945. They remained married until Stern's death at the age of 68.


title: Itzhak Stern

text: He was portrayed in the 1993 film "Schindler's List" by English actor Ben Kingsley. At the end of the film, Stern's widow Sophia appears in a procession of and the actors who portrayed them, placing stones on Schindler's grave on Mount Zion, which is a Jewish tradition showing respect for the deceased. Stern's brother Natan was also one of the in the procession.


title: André De Shields

text: André Robin De Shields (born January 12, 1946) is an American actor, singer, dancer, director, and choreographer.


title: André De Shields

text: De Shields originated the role of Hermes on Broadway in the musical "Hadestown", winning the 2019 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical and the 2020 Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album for his performance. He has also appeared on television, and won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for his performance in the 1982 NBC broadcast of "Ain't Misbehavin'".


title: André De Shields

text: André Robin De Shields was born on January 12, 1946, in Dundalk, Maryland, to Mary Gunther and John De Shields. He was raised in Baltimore, Maryland, the ninth of eleven children; his father died at the age of 50, when André was 17. De Shields obtained his high school diploma at Baltimore City College in 1964, then attended Wilmington College, where he starred in a production of Lorraine Hansberry's "A Raisin in the Sun". He then transferred colleges and earned his B.A. in English literature from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1970. In 1991, De Shields received his M.A. in African American studies from the Gallatin School of Individualized Study of New York University.


title: André De Shields

text: De Shields began his professional career in the 1969 Chicago production of "Hair", which led to a role in "The Me Nobody Knows" and participation in Chicago's Organic Theater Company. He performed in a number of off-off-Broadway productions at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club in the East Village of Manhattan during the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s. These included Ken Rubenstein's "Sacred Guard" (1973), Lamar Alford's "Thoughts" (1974), and the "Cotton Club Gala" with music by Aaron Bell and directed by Ellen Stewart (1985). He co-wrote (with Judith Cohen) and directed an evening of songs called "Judith and the Cohen Sisters in Midnight in Manhattan" at La MaMa in September/October 1984. He directed a production of Chico Kasinoir's "The Adventures of Rhubarb: The Rock and Roll Rabbit" in 1985 and a production of his own work, "Saint Tous", to celebrate Black History Month at La MaMa in February 1991.


title: André De Shields

text: He made his Broadway debut as Xander in Stuart Gordon's 1973 "Warp!" and next appeared in Paul Jabara's 1973 "Rachael Lily Rosenbloom (And Don't You Ever Forget It)", which closed during previews. He then appeared in the title role of "The Wiz", Charlie Smalls and William F. Brown's 1975 musical directed by Geoffrey Holder.


title: André De Shields

text: After choreographing two Bette Midler musicals, De Shields returned to Broadway to perform in the musical revue "Ain't Misbehavin'" in 1978. The original production ran for over 1,600 shows and De Shields earned a 1978 Drama Desk nomination for his performance. Three years later, he returned to Broadway to perform in "Stardust: The Mitchell Parrish Musical", a musical revue featuring the lyricist's work with Hoagy Carmichael, Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, and Leroy Anderson.


title: André De Shields

text: In 1984, De Shields wrote, choreographed, directed, and starred in "André De Shields' Haarlem Nocturne", a Broadway musical revue featuring standards from the American songbook, pop hits from the early 1960s, and De Shields' own songs. The revue was produced at the Latin Quarter and at La MaMa (with music by Marc Shaiman). He appeared in a revival of "Ain't Misbehavin'" in 1988, and next appeared on Broadway in 1997 as the Jester in "Play On!", a musical based on Ellington's songs. De Shields earned Tony and Drama Desk nominations for his performance.


title: André De Shields

text: In 2000, De Shields originated the role of Noah "Horse" T. Simmons in the Terrence McNally / David Yazbek musical adaptation of the film "The Full Monty". As with "Play On!", De Shields earned both Tony and Drama Desk nominations for this performance. In 2004, he appeared in the Broadway production of Mark Medoff's "Prymate" at the Longacre Theatre. In 2008, he received a Drama Desk nomination for his performance in an off-Broadway production of Langston Hughes' "Black Nativity". In 2009, he appeared on Broadway opposite Joan Allen and Jeremy Irons in "Impressionism". The play ran through May 2009 at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theater.


title: André De Shields

text: De Shields' regional theatre credits include "Play On!", "The Full Monty", "Waiting For Godot", "The Man Who Came to Dinner", "Death of a Salesman", "Dusyanta: A Tale of Kalidasa", "The Gospel According to James", "Camino Real" and "King Lear". In 2013, he portrayed Akela and King Louie in the world premiere of Mary Zimmerman's adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's "The Jungle Book", a co-production of the Goodman Theatre and Huntington Theatre Company. De Shields received his 3rd Jeff Award (Outstanding Achievement in the category of Actor in a Supporting Role – Musical) for his role as King Louie, and garnered an Elliot Norton Awards nomination for Outstanding Musical Performance by an Actor as well as an IRNE Awards nomination for Best Supporting Actor – Musical.


title: André De Shields

text: De Shields has portrayed Barrett Rude Sr. in "The Fortress of Solitude", the musical based on Jonathan Lethem's novel "The Fortress of Solitude", since its inception in 2012 at Vassar College. "The Fortress of Solitude" premiered at the Dallas Theater Center in spring 2014, and the off-Broadway production of "The Fortress of Solitude", co-produced with The Public Theater, ran through November 2014. De Shields, Lillias White, Stefanie Powers, and Georgia Engel starred in the new musical "Gotta Dance", directed and choreographed by Jerry Mitchell. The musical began performances on December 13, 2015, at Chicago's Bank of America Theatre and ran through January 17, 2016.


title: André De Shields

text: He played Hermes in the Broadway musical "Hadestown", which began previews on March 22, 2019, at the Walter Kerr Theatre. He received the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for "Hadestown" on his third nomination. He played his final performance on May 29, 2022. On January 26, 2021, it was announced that De Shields would reprise his role as Hermes in "Live From Mount Olympus," a narrative podcast for tweens directed by Rachel Chavkin and Zhailon Levingston. The series was produced by The Onassis Foundation and TRAX from PRX. De Shields' co-stars include fellow "Hadestown" cast member Amber Gray, Divine Garland, Vinie Burrows, Kristen Sieh, and more.


title: André De Shields

text: De Shields has appeared on television on "Another World", "Cosby", "Sex and the City", "Great Performances", "Lipstick Jungle", "Law & Order," and "". He won an Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for his performance in the 1982 NBC broadcast of "Ain't Misbehavin'", and played Tweedledum in a 1983 televised production of "Alice in Wonderland" that also featured Eve Arden, Richard Burton, Colleen Dewhurst, James Coco, Kaye Ballard, and Nathan Lane. Most recently, De Shields appeared in John Mulaney's "John Mulaney & the Sack Lunch Bunch" in which he sang "Algebra Song!" The comedy/musical/variety special was released on Netflix on December 24, 2019. In 2020, he played the role of Chubby, a recurring character, in the television series "Katy Keene" on The CW.


title: André De Shields

text: On December 28, 2020, it was announced that De Shields will star as Anton Ego in a benefit concert presentation of "Ratatouille the Musical", an internet meme that originated on TikTok, inspired by the 2007 Disney/Pixar film. The concert streamed exclusively on TodayTix on January 1, 2021. De Shields appeared in Lin-Manuel Miranda's directorial debut film, "tick, tick... BOOM!", released on Netflix on November 12, 2021, as a patron of the Moondance Diner in the musical scene for "Sunday", as well as other Broadway actors such as Chita Rivera, Renée Elise Goldsberry, Phillipa Soo, among others. He also plays the significant supporting role of Jack in Netflix comedy Uncoupled, released in July 2022.


title: André De Shields

text: De Shields is gay, but prefers to be described as "a Black man who is queer" or "a Black man who loves other men". He is also a "long-term survivor" of HIV, living with HIV for over 40 years, having been diagnosed during the early AIDS epidemic after noticing his lymph nodes were swollen when shaving before a Los Angeles performance on "Ain't Misbehavin"s 1980 national tour and being formally diagnosed in 1991. His partner of 17 years, Chico Kasinoir, died in June 1992 of AIDS-related lymphoma. Another partner of De Shields', a man named John whom he was with for two years, died of AIDS-related meningitis in 1995.


title: London Grammar

text: London Grammar are an English indie pop band formed in Nottingham in 2009. The band consists of Hannah Reid, Dan Rothman and Dominic “Dot” Major. Their debut extended play, "Metal & Dust", was released in February 2013 by Metal & Dust Recordings, while their debut album, "If You Wait", was released a few months later in September. The album reached No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified Double Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The band's second studio album, "Truth Is a Beautiful Thing", was released in June 2017, reaching No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart. The latest album,


title: London Grammar

text: "Californian Soil", was released on 16 April 2021 and became their second-consecutive No. 1 album in the United Kingdom.


title: London Grammar

text: Vocalist Hannah Reid and guitarist Dan Rothman are originally from London and met in the Ancaster Hall student residence at the University of Nottingham during their first year in 2009. Rothman saw that Reid played the guitar and contacted her to see if she wanted to collaborate. They were joined by Northampton native Dominic “Dot” Major (keyboard, djembe, drums) a year later, after he began playing music together with Rothman. They chose the name as "not only was it where we're from, but London is also so international and multicultural that it actually felt like quite a universal name in a way."


title: London Grammar

text: After completing their studies in mid-2010, the trio moved down to London to pursue a career in music. By the end of the year, they were managed by Conor Wheeler, who began promoting them. The band began by playing low-key gigs at local bars, honing their material. They soon found themselves noticed by a number of A&R people, and they were signed with the Ministry of Sound while Big Life took over the management duties in the second half of 2013. In the same year, the trio did some early recordings with Rollo Armstrong of Faithless and Liam Howe of Sneaker Pimps. Later in the year, the band continued to work with Tim Bran of Dreadzone and Roy Kerr, and by the end of the year, most of the recording had been completed. On 12 November 2012, the trio posted their song "Hey Now" on YouTube; it immediately received a huge amount of attention.


title: London Grammar

text: Their EP "Metal & Dust" followed in February 2013, and it made the top five of the iTunes chart in Australia. It created a lot of interest, and the band received significant airplay on national radio. They released their single "Wasting My Young Years" in June 2013, peaking at No. 31 on the UK Singles Chart. The band was also featured on Disclosure's album "Settle" with the track "Help Me Lose My Mind", released in June 2013. The band has recorded two live sessions for Radio 1, and they played at 10 summer 2013 European music festivals. In September 2013, Reid was the subject of a "Radio 1 Breakfast Show" Twitter post, which was criticised for being sexist. The backlash forced the corporation to apologise, while the trio "decided to stay out of it".


title: London Grammar

text: On 1 September 2013, they released "Strong", which peaked at No. 16 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was later used in the 2014 American TV series "Reckless" for its second episode, "Parting Shots". On 9 September 2013, they released their debut studio album, "If You Wait", which peaked at No. 2 on both the UK Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart, as well as at No. 11 on the French Albums Chart, No. 13 on the Irish Albums Chart and No. 22 on the New Zealand Albums Chart. The band is signed to Columbia Records in the United States. On 8 December 2013, a single for the album, "Nightcall" was released. Their cover was used again in "Reckless" in its last episode, "Civil Wars Part 2".


title: London Grammar

text: On 13 January 2014, the band performed "Strong" and "Wasting My Young Years" on "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon", marking their debut performance on American television. On 1 April 2014, the Official Charts Company announced that London Grammar's "If You Wait" was the fifth top-selling album of 2014 so far, with sales of over 138,000 copies (356,000 total). London Grammar won an Ivor Novello Award in the Best Song Musically and Lyrically category for "Strong". And later in 2014, they won two awards – "Independent Breakthrough of the Year" and "PPL Award for Most Played New Independent Act" – at the AIM Independent Music Awards.


title: London Grammar

text: On 2 September 2014, French fashion house Dior released an advertisement campaign for J'Adore that featured the song "Hey Now" (The Shoes remix).


title: London Grammar

text: After the 2016 acquisition of Ministry of Sound Recordings by Sony Music, London Grammar's catalogue remained to be distributed by Universal Music Group in most of the world and Because Music in France.


title: London Grammar

text: On 1 January 2017, London Grammar shared the single "Rooting for You", marking the group's first new music since their debut album in 2013. A month later, on 1 February, they shared the second single, "Big Picture", via their Facebook page, which they also performed on "Later with Jools Holland".


title: London Grammar

text: "Truth Is a Beautiful Thing" was released on 9 June 2017. The album was largely recorded with producers Paul Epworth and Greg Kurstin. It charted at No. 1 in the UK.


title: London Grammar

text: During the autumn of 2017, the band's cover version of the Chris Isaak song "Wicked Game" was used in the trailer for the BBC series "Peaky Blinders".


title: London Grammar

text: In March 2018, the band's song “Hell to the Liars” from album "Truth Is a Beautiful Thing" was featured on Season 4 of the E! show "The Royals" in the second episode, “Confess Yourself to Heaven”.


title: London Grammar

text: On 19 August 2020, London Grammar released "Baby It's You", their first single since 2017. This was followed by the premiere of "Californian Soil" on 1 October before the launch of their third album, also titled "Californian Soil", which was released on 16 April 2021. "America" was one of the first songs written for the album, and was written about letting go of the past. The launch of "Californian Soil" was accompanied by a full live performance on YouTube. London Grammar were nominated for the "Best Group" at the Brit Awards 2022.<ref>


title: Fede Álvarez

text: Federico Álvarez (born February 9, 1978) is a Uruguayan filmmaker. He is known for directing "Evil Dead" (2013) and "Don't Breathe" (2016), as well as his short film "Ataque de Pánico!" (2009).


title: Fede Álvarez

text: Álvarez was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. In 2009, Álvarez released his short film "Ataque de Pánico!" on YouTube. Before premiering online, the film screened on October 31, 2009, at the Buenos Aires Rojo Sangre film festival. A few weeks later, Álvarez made a deal with Ghost House Pictures to direct a $30–$40 million sci-fi film. His first project with Ghost House ended up being the direction and co-writing of the "Evil Dead" remake. After the release of "Evil Dead", Álvarez stated that he had "had the temptation to do big franchises", but instead directed and co-wrote the relatively low budget horror film "Don't Breathe" (2016), which received positive reviews. Álvarez later revealed that during this period he was approached by Marvel Studios to direct an unspecified movie but he declined feeling he would have little creative control over it. In 2017, Alvarez teamed up with Good Universe to set up their own production company Bad Hombre.


title: Fede Álvarez

text: Álvarez directed "The Girl in the Spider's Web", a reboot of the English-language "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo" series, based on the novel of the same name. The film featured an entirely new cast compared to the 2011 film, and was released on November 9, 2018. In April 2019, Álvarez, alongside Doug Liman, directed reshoots for the 2021 film "Chaos Walking", which added an additional $15 million to the film's budget.


title: Fede Álvarez

text: In 2021, Álvarez directed all nine episodes of "Calls" for Apple TV+, a primarily audio-based series with animated visual components. He also co-wrote and co-produced "Don't Breathe 2", which was released on August 13, 2021, directed by Rodo Sayagues. In March 2022, it was announced that Álvarez would be writing and directing an "Alien" film after pitching his own story, and was said to be "unconnected" to the previous films in the franchise, for a release on Hulu.


title: Fede Álvarez

text: Álvarez was attached to direct a live-action adaptation of the video game "Dante's Inferno" for Universal Pictures in September 2013, however no further updates have been provided since the announcement. In May 2016, Álvarez was attached to direct an adaptation of "Monsterpocalypse" for Warner Bros. In October 2016, Álvarez was brought on to direct an adaptation of "Incognito" for Sony Pictures, based on a script by Daniel Casey. Álvarez was considered to replace Ben Affleck as director for "The Batman".


title: Fede Álvarez

text: On April 13, 2017, Álvarez was confirmed to direct and co-write a spin-off to "Labyrinth" with Nicole Perlman and Jay Basu. However, in April 2020, Álvarez announced that he had stepped down as director.


title: Marcus Thuram

text: Marcus Lilian Thuram-Ulien (born 6 August 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward or left winger for Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach and the France national team. He is the son of former French international Lilian Thuram.


title: Marcus Thuram

text: He began his professional career at Sochaux, where he played in three Ligue 2 seasons, before spending two years in Ligue 1 with Guingamp. In 2019, he joined Borussia Mönchengladbach for a €12 million fee.


title: Marcus Thuram

text: Thuram made his senior international debut for France in 2020, and was part of their squads at UEFA Euro 2020 and the 2022 FIFA World Cup, finishing as runner-up at the latter.


title: Marcus Thuram

text: Thuram started his professional career at Sochaux, where he also played for the club Youth Academy. He made his Ligue 2 debut with the club on 20 March 2015 against Châteauroux replacing Edouard Butin after 83 minutes. He played 43 total matches for Sochaux and scored one goal, in a 3–1 loss at Tours on 14 April 2017.


title: Marcus Thuram

text: On 5 July 2017, Thuram joined Ligue 1 club Guingamp for an undisclosed fee. In August 2018, he gained attention for playing against Paris Saint-Germain goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon, a long-term teammate of his father at Parma and Juventus.


title: Marcus Thuram

text: Thuram scored an added-time penalty on 9 January 2019 to eliminate holders PSG from the quarter-finals of the Coupe de la Ligue, having earlier missed from the spot in the 2–1 win at the Parc des Princes. Twenty days later he scored the equaliser in a 2–2 home draw with Monaco in the semi-final, and his attempt in the subsequent penalty shootout was saved by Danijel Subašić though Guingamp nonetheless advanced.