title: Federico Bernardeschi

text: In June 2021, Bernardeschi was included in Italy's squad for UEFA Euro 2020 by manager Roberto Mancini. On 6 July, following a 1–1 draw after extra-time against Spain in the semi-final of the competition, Bernardeschi converted his spot-kick in an eventual 4–2 penalty shoot-out victory, to send Italy to the final. On 11 July, Bernardeschi won the European Championship with Italy following a 3–2 penalty shoot-out victory over England at Wembley Stadium in the final, after a 1–1 draw in extra-time; during the match, he replaced the injured Federico Chiesa late on in the second half, towards the end of regulation time, and later scored Italy's fourth spot-kick (which ended up being the game-winning penalty after teammate Jorginho and England's Jadon Sancho and Bukayo Saka all missed their spot-kicks) in the shoot-out.


title: Federico Bernardeschi

text: A quick, strong, creative, technically gifted, and hard-working player, with a good positional sense and an eye for goal, Bernardeschi was regarded as one of Italy's most exciting and talented prospects. A predominantly left-footed player, known in particular for his pace, agility, and dribbling ability, as well as his powerful and accurate striking ability from outside the area, as well as his ability to make late attacking runs into the box. His preferred role is as a right winger or outside forward in a 4–3–3 formation, a position which allows him to beat opponents, cut into the centre, and either shoot towards goal or link-up with midfielders and create chances for teammates with his stronger left foot; he is also capable of playing on the left flank. Although he often serves as a link between the forwards and midfielders, due to his tactical versatility, intelligence, stamina, vision and defensive work-rate, as well as his technical, athletic, and physical attributes, he is also capable of playing in several other positions, and has been deployed as a second striker or inside forward, as an attacking midfielder, in a central role as a classic number 10 playmaker behind the forwards (known as the "trequartista" role, in Italian), in particular under his Juventus manager Maurizio Sarri, in a deeper midfield role as an offensive-minded central midfielder (known as the "mezzala" role, in Italian), further up the pitch as an outright forward, as a false 9, or even as a wide midfielder, full-back, or wing-back along the right side of the pitch. He is also known for his accuracy from set-pieces and penalties. He has cited compatriots Francesco Totti, Giancarlo Antognoni, Roberto Baggio, and Alessandro Del Piero as his footballing idols and role models; his role on the pitch and style of play have also led pundits to compare Bernardeschi to these aforementioned players as well as Michel Platini. He has also described Ukrainian former striker Andriy Shevchenko as one of his major influences in his youth. Due to his technique and elegant playing style, Bernardeschi has been nicknamed "Brunelleschi", as a reference to the famous Italian Renaissance designer and architect from Florence.


title: Federico Bernardeschi

text: While Bernardeschi has largely drawn praise in the media for his ability, talent, and playing style, in July 2017, following rumours of Bernardeschi's possible transfer to Fiorentina's rivals Juventus, and the possibility of him inheriting the club's number 10 shirt, former Italy manager Arrigo Sacchi stated in an interview that although he felt Bernardeschi had "enormous potential", he also believed he needed to improve in certain aspects of his game; he commented: "He [Bernardeschi] doesn't use his right [foot] much and he needs to improve in that, if you only have one foot you risk being predictable and the opposition can shut you down more easily. I'd say he dribbles well, he takes on a defender and goes past them with agility and imagination. He also has a good shot on him, he sees the goal, takes aim and the result is always dangerous. A great player? Calm down, calm down. I’m describing a lad with notable talents, but one who has to mature and be helped. For example, he has to learn how to get into the rhythm of the game with consistency. To be great, you need to have an understanding with your team. [...] Bernardeschi needs to do better in that regard, less individual technique and more collective technique." Sacchi later also added: "He's still a lad, they need to help him and have patience with him. The important thing is not to play the game of comparisons. Bernardeschi is not Del Piero and he’s not Roberto Baggio. They were more at the centre of things, while Bernardeschi moves on the wing." His decision-making has also been cited by pundits as an area in which he needs to improve as he gains experience.


title: Federico Bernardeschi

text: On 28 August 2019, Bernardeschi's partner Veronica Ciardi gave birth to his daughter named Deva. In May 2021, the couple welcomed their second daughter, Lena. On 13 July 2021, the day of Veronica's birthday, the couple got married, two days after Italy's Euro 2020 triumph. The marriage took place in the Carrara Cathedral, in Bernardeschi's city of birth.


title: The Big Short

text: The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine is a nonfiction book by Michael Lewis about the build-up of the United States housing bubble during the 2000s. It was released on March 15, 2010, by W. W. Norton & Company. It spent 28 weeks on "The New York Times" best-seller list, and was the basis for the 2015 film of the same name.


title: The Big Short

text: "The Big Short" describes several of the main players in the creation of the credit default swap market that sought to bet against the collateralized debt obligation (CDO) bubble and thus ended up profiting from the financial crisis of 2007–08. It also highlights the eccentric natures of people who bet against the market or otherwise "go against the grain".


title: The Big Short

text: It follows people who believed the housing bubble was going to burst—including Meredith Whitney, who predicted the demise of Citigroup and Bear Stearns; Steve Eisman, an outspoken hedge fund manager; Greg Lippmann, a Deutsche Bank trader; Eugene Xu, a quantitative analyst who created the first CDO market by matching buyers and sellers; the founders of Cornwall Capital, who started a hedge fund in their garage with $110,000 and built it into $120 million when the market crashed; and Michael Burry, an ex-neurologist who created Scion Capital.


title: The Big Short

text: It also highlights some of the people involved in the biggest losses in the market crash: Wing Chau, Merrill's $300 million mezzanine CDO manager; Howie Hubler, known as the person who lost $9 billion in one trade, the third-largest single loss in history; and Joseph Cassano's AIG Financial Products, which suffered over $99 billion in losses.


title: The Big Short

text: "The Big Short" was shortlisted for the 2010 "Financial Times" and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award. It spent 28 weeks on "The New York Times" non-fiction bestseller list. It also received the 2011 Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights Book Award.


title: The Big Short

text: Paramount acquired the rights to "The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine" in 2013. On March 24, 2014, it was announced that Adam McKay would direct the adaptation. On January 13, 2015, "Variety" reported that Brad Pitt, Christian Bale and Ryan Gosling were set to star in the film, and that Pitt would produce it with McKay and Dede Gardner. Steve Carell then joined. Plan B Entertainment financed the film with Paramount handling the distribution rights.


title: The Big Short

text: Production started March 23, 2015 in New Orleans, LA. The film was released on December 11, 2015, and was met with critical acclaim, winning the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture.


title: Fiscal policy

text: In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxes or tax cuts) and expenditure to influence a country's economy. The use of government revenue expenditures to influence macroeconomic variables developed in reaction to the Great Depression of the 1930s, when the previous laissez-faire approach to economic management became unworkable. Fiscal policy is based on the theories of the British economist John Maynard Keynes, whose Keynesian economics theorised that government changes in the levels of taxation and government spending influence aggregate demand and the level of economic activity. Fiscal and monetary policy are the key strategies used by a country's government and central bank to advance its economic objectives. The combination of these policies enables these authorities to target inflation (which is considered "healthy" at the level in the range 2%–3%) and to increase employment. Additionally, it is designed to try to keep GDP growth at 2%–3% and the unemployment rate near the natural unemployment rate of 4%–5%. This implies that fiscal policy is used to stabilise the economy over the course of the business cycle.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Changes in the level and composition of taxation and government spending can affect macroeconomic variables, including:


title: Fiscal policy

text: Fiscal policy can be distinguished from monetary policy, in that fiscal policy deals with taxation and government spending and is often administered by a government department; while monetary policy deals with the money supply, interest rates and is often administered by a country's central bank. Both fiscal and monetary policies influence a country's economic performance.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Since the 1970s, it became clear that monetary policy performance has some benefits over fiscal policy due to the fact that it reduces political influence, as it is set by the central bank (to have an expanding economy before the general election, politicians might cut the interest rates). Additionally, fiscal policy can potentially have more supply-side effects on the economy: to reduce inflation, the measures of increasing taxes and lowering spending would not be preferred, so the government might be reluctant to use these. Monetary policy is generally quicker to implement as interest rates can be set every month, while the decision to increase government spending might take time to figure out which area the money should be spent on.


title: Fiscal policy

text: The recession of the 2000s decade shows that monetary policy also has certain limitations. A liquidity trap occurs when interest rate cuts are insufficient as a demand booster as banks do not want to lend and the consumers are reluctant to increase spending due to negative expectations for the economy. Government spending is responsible for creating the demand in the economy and can provide a kick-start to get the economy out of the recession. When a deep recession takes place, it is not sufficient to rely just on monetary policy to restore the economic equilibrium.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Each side of these two policies has its differences, therefore, combining aspects of both policies to deal with economic problems has become a solution that is now used by the US. These policies have limited effects; however, fiscal policy seems to have a greater effect over the long-run period, while monetary policy tends to have a short-run success.


title: Fiscal policy

text: In 2000, a survey of 298 members of the American Economic Association (AEA) found that while 84 percent generally agreed with the statement "Fiscal policy has a significant stimulative impact on a less than fully employed economy", 71 percent also generally agreed with the statement "Management of the business cycle should be left to the Federal Reserve; activist fiscal policy should be avoided." In 2011, a follow-up survey of 568 AEA members found that the previous consensus about the latter proposition had dissolved and was by then roughly evenly disputed.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Different models are being designed to manage the fiscal policy. In June, 2022, Armenia launched the Ararat Fiscal Strategy Model, which is a structural framework for fiscal policy analysis in Armenia. The model is already a part of the Armenia’s Ministry of Economic’s analytical toolkit. It was first applied to assess the macroeconomic impact of the “first wave” of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Armenian economy, which is a small, low-income, open economy located in the Caucasus region in Eurasia. The model is designed to do macroeconomic fiscal policy scenario analysis, which feeds into policy discussions, budget planning, and the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework. The model consists of four high-level blocks - the household sector, the production sector, the government sector, and the rest of the world. The AFSM has a couple of structural parameters, that are grouped into four sets - the steady-state parameters, the transitory parameters that affect only the equilibrium dynamics off the steady state, fiscal and monetary policy parameters and structural shocks variances.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Depending on the state of the economy, fiscal policy may reach for different objectives: its focus can be to restrict economic growth by mediating inflation or, in turn, increase economic growth by decreasing taxes, encouraging spending on different projects that act as stimuli to economic growth and enabling borrowing and spending.


title: Fiscal policy

text: However, these definitions can be misleading because, even with no changes in spending or tax laws at all, cyclic fluctuations of the economy cause cyclic fluctuations of tax revenues and of some types of government spending, altering the deficit situation; these are not considered to be policy changes. Therefore, for purposes of the above definitions, "government spending" and "tax revenue" are normally replaced by "cyclically adjusted government spending" and "cyclically adjusted tax revenue". Thus, for example, a government budget that is balanced over the course of the business cycle is considered to represent a neutral and effective fiscal policy stance.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Governments spend money on a wide variety of things, from the military and police to services such as education and health care, as well as transfer payments such as welfare benefits. This expenditure can be funded in a number of different ways:


title: Fiscal policy

text: A fiscal deficit is often funded by issuing bonds such as Treasury bills or and gilt-edged securities but can also be funded by issuing equity. Bonds pay interest, either for a fixed period or indefinitely that is funded by taxpayers as a whole. Equity offers returns on investment (interest) that can only be realized in discharging a future tax liability by an individual taxpayer. If available government revenue is insufficient to support the interest payments on bonds, a nation may default on its debts, usually to foreign creditors. Public debt or borrowing refers to the government borrowing from the public. It is impossible for a government to "default" on its equity since the total returns available to all investors (taxpayers) are limited at any point by the total current year tax liability of all investors.


title: Fiscal policy

text: A fiscal surplus is often saved for future use, and may be invested in either local currency or any financial instrument that may be traded later once resources are needed and the additional debt is not needed.


title: Fiscal policy

text: The concept of a fiscal straitjacket is a general economic principle that suggests strict constraints on government spending and public sector borrowing, to limit or regulate the budget deficit over a time period. Most US states have balanced budget rules that prevent them from running a deficit. The United States federal government technically has a legal cap on the total amount of money it can borrow, but it is not a meaningful constraint because the cap can be raised as easily as spending can be authorized, and the cap is almost always raised before the debt gets that high.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Governments use fiscal policy to influence the level of aggregate demand in the economy, so that certain economic goals can be achieved:


title: Fiscal policy

text: The Keynesian view of economics suggests that increasing government spending and decreasing the rate of taxes are the best ways to have an influence on aggregate demand, stimulate it, while decreasing spending and increasing taxes after the economic expansion has already taken place. Additionally, Keynesians argue that expansionary fiscal policy should be used in times of recession or low economic activity as an essential tool for building the framework for strong economic growth and working towards full employment. In theory, the resulting deficits would be paid for by an expanded economy during the expansion that would follow; this was the reasoning behind the New Deal.


title: Fiscal policy

text: The IS-LM model is another way of understanding the effects of fiscal expansion. As the government increases spending, there will be a shift in the IS curve up and to the right. In the short run, this increases the real interest rate, which then reduces private investment and increases aggregate demand, placing upward pressure on supply. To meet the short-run increase in aggregate demand, firms increase full-employment output. The increase in short-run price levels reduces the money supply, which shifts the LM curve back, and thus, returning the general equilibrium to the original full employment (FE) level. Therefore, the IS-LM model shows that there will be an overall increase in the price level and real interest rates in the long run due to fiscal expansion.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Keynesian theory posits that removing spending from the economy will reduce levels of aggregate demand and contract the economy, thus stabilizing prices.


title: Fiscal policy

text: But economists still debate the effectiveness of fiscal stimulus. The argument mostly centers on crowding out: whether government borrowing leads to higher interest rates that may offset the stimulative impact of spending. When the government runs a budget deficit, funds will need to come from public borrowing (the issue of government bonds), overseas borrowing, or monetizing the debt. When governments fund a deficit with the issuing of government bonds, interest rates can increase across the market, because government borrowing creates higher demand for credit in the financial markets. This decreases aggregate demand for goods and services, either partially or entirely offsetting the direct expansionary impact of the deficit spending, thus diminishing or eliminating the achievement of the objective of a fiscal stimulus. Neoclassical economists generally emphasize crowding out while Keynesians argue that fiscal policy can still be effective, especially in a liquidity trap where, they argue, crowding out is minimal.


title: Fiscal policy

text: In the classical view, expansionary fiscal policy also decreases net exports, which has a mitigating effect on national output and income. When government borrowing increases interest rates it attracts foreign capital from foreign investors. This is because, all other things being equal, the bonds issued from a country executing expansionary fiscal policy now offer a higher rate of return. In other words, companies wanting to finance projects must compete with their government for capital so they offer higher rates of return. To purchase bonds originating from a certain country, foreign investors must obtain that country's currency. Therefore, when foreign capital flows into the country undergoing fiscal expansion, demand for that country's currency increases. The increased demand, in turn, causes the currency to appreciate, reducing the cost of imports and making exports from that country more expensive to foreigners. Consequently, exports decrease and imports increase, reducing demand from net exports.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Some economists oppose the discretionary use of fiscal stimulus because of the inside lag (the time lag involved in implementing it), which is almost inevitably long because of the substantial legislative effort involved. Further, the outside lag between the time of implementation and the time that most of the effects of the stimulus are felt could mean that the stimulus hits an already-recovering economy and overheats the ensuing h rather than stimulating the economy when it needs it.


title: Fiscal policy

text: Some economists are concerned about potential inflationary effects driven by increased demand engendered by a fiscal stimulus. In theory, fiscal stimulus does not cause inflation when it uses resources that would have otherwise been idle. For instance, if a fiscal stimulus employs a worker who otherwise would have been unemployed, there is no inflationary effect; however, if the stimulus employs a worker who otherwise would have had a job, the stimulus is increasing labor demand while labor supply remains fixed, leading to wage inflation and therefore price inflation.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Throughout "The Legend of Zelda" series, Link has made multiple appearances in a variety of incarnations. He has been rendered in both 2D and 3D form and has been traditionally depicted in his signature green cap and tunic carrying a sword and shield. Over the course of the series, he appears as a child or young adult of the Hylian race, which originates from the fictional kingdom of Hyrule. Within "Zelda" lore, Link is the soul of a legendary hero that throughout history is reincarnated within a seemingly ordinary boy or man when the need arises for a new warrior to defeat the forces of evil. To defeat Ganon, Link usually obtains the mystical Master Sword or a similar legendary weapon, which is obtained after completing various trials. Over the course of his journey, he also acquires other magical items, including musical instruments and other weaponry.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In addition to the main series, Link has appeared in other Nintendo media, including merchandise, comics and manga, and an animated television series. He is a prominent character in various spin-off games, including "Hyrule Warriors", "Cadence of Hyrule" and "". He has appeared in entries of several other game franchises, including the "Super Smash Bros." series, "SoulCalibur II" and "Mario Kart 8", and has also been referenced in other games, such as "".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Alongside fellow Nintendo character Mario, Link is one of the most recognisable characters in the video game industry, with critics considering him to be a significant game character in popular culture. He has been positively received by critics and fans and is a popular character within the video game community. According to "Guinness World Records", Link is the most critically acclaimed videogame playable character and the most ubiquitous action-adventure video game character, surpassing Mario. He has been recognised by the "Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition" as the second best video game character of all time after Mario. Critics have also named him as one of the most influential video game characters of all time and one of Shigeru Miyamoto's most famous creations.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link's creator, Shigeru Miyamoto, said that his concepts of "The Legend of Zelda" and Link were based on his childhood memories as well as books and movies he and video game designer Takashi Tezuka had enjoyed, notably J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings". Miyamoto tried to make people identify with Link and have the opportunity to be heroes like the character. Although at the end of some games, Link becomes vastly talented in physical skill and magical prowess, he usually starts off the game as a regular boy.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link's sprite design was created by designer Takashi Tezuka. Shigeru Miyamoto stated in an interview with "Gamekult" that Takashi Tezuka used the Disney character Peter Pan as a source of inspiration when creating Link in order to make the character recognisable. Due to the limited capabilities of the technology at the time, Nintendo was only able to use three colours and the development team decided to choose green as Link's signature colour, as the game was mainly set within a forest environment. Link's sword and shield, long hat and ears were all created to make the character easily distinguishable.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: On the origin of the name "Link", Miyamoto said that "Link's name comes from the fact that originally, the fragments of the Triforce were supposed to be electronic chips. The game was to be set in both the past and the future and as the main character would travel between both and be the link between them, they called him Link". However, he has also stated in the Nintendo book titled "" that the character is named Link because he, "connects people together" and that, "he was supposed to spread the scattered energy of the world through the ages".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: There have been several iterations of Link within "The Legend of Zelda" series. Each incarnation of Link bears a similar appearance and role as the hero within the various "Zelda" games, with nearly every game resetting the storyline. According to "The Legend of Zelda Encyclopedia", Link is "not just one individual; he is the hero reborn to many homes, over the course of many lifetimes, chosen by the goddesses with a single purpose: to stand up and fight when evil descends upon Hyrule". Miyamoto explained: "For every "Zelda" game we tell a new story, but we actually have an enormous document that explains how the game relates to the others, and bind them together. But to be honest, they are not that important to us. We care more about developing the game system ... give the player new challenges for every chapter that is born". Although each version of Link is different to the next, an official chronology for the "Zelda" series was established by Nintendo, which spans thousands of years across the fictional history of Hyrule and includes three separate timelines. In celebration of "The Legend of Zelda's" 25th anniversary, Nintendo released (in December 2011, in Japan; in early 2013, in North America) an anthology, titled "Hyrule Historia", which details "The Legend of Zelda" fictional timeline. "Hyrule Historia" explains Link's repeated incarnations in the fictional timeline by stating that the name "Link" is a common name in Hyrule. "", which was released in 2011, aimed to create an origin story, in which the antagonist Demise curses "the spirit of the hero" to be caught in an endless cycle of defeating evil.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link's appearance has remained consistent over the course of "The Legend of Zelda" series but his character design has also evolved with each game release. In the original 1986 "The Legend of Zelda", he appears dressed in green in a simple 2D form viewed from a top-down perspective. This was followed by a taller version of the character seen from a side-scroll perspective in the 1987 video game titled "The Adventure of Link". With the release of "" in 1998, Link appeared as a 3D character. Miyamoto said that the team started by creating a grown-up model followed by a child model, but realised that they could both be used in the game, "to tell the story of a boy growing up". Link's teenage appearance in "Ocarina of Time" was designed with the aim of making him more handsome and cooler than all previous forms of the hero. Nintendo illustrator Yusuke Nakano has stated that the design of Link in "Ocarina of Time" was based on a well-known American actor at the time of the game's development.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In 2002, Shigeru Miyamoto unveiled an anime-inspired design for Link at E3 2002, which had been created for "". The "Toon Link" incarnation proved to be initially controversial and was not well received due to its childlike cartoonish style. Toon Link was originally created by graphic designer Yoshiki Haruhana as a way to evolve the series. Miyamoto commented in a 2003 interview: "Actually we never intended to create a shockwave, it's just we were trying to make something new". He said that after many experiments, the development team had decided that cel-shading was the best option for expressing a young, energetic boy. Toon Link would eventually carve his own identity into the franchise, appearing in multiple entries in the series and also being introduced as a playable character in "Super Smash Bros". Producer Eiji Aonuma explained that after the initial reaction to the new art style, gamers began to accept Toon Link, and commented, "so after "Wind Waker" we created "" and "" with the new artwork style".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Following the public reaction to Toon Link, Nintendo chose to completely reverse the art style for "" in 2006. In this entry, Link was depicted in a more realistic style with a darker, grittier tone. Initially the artists planned to design Link in his mid-to-late twenties. Nintendo artists Yusuke Nakano and Satoru Takizawa discussed the design concept in the Nintendo book titled "", in which Nakano stated: "I wanted him to be a little bit older. The Link up till now had been in his teens, but for this one we were talking about making him around 25… maybe even 30. ... He would be well built… A skinny man with a pretty face wouldn't stand a chance against a large enemy, so we thought about making him quite sturdy". However, this idea was rejected, as the team expected that fans wanted to see Link as he appeared in "Ocarina of Time". The design team decided to make Link a teenager again, aged 16 years. Miyamoto explained: "So after "Wind Waker" we tried several different models and made varied versions of them. Ultimately we decided that in showing a teenage Link really the best style of expressing him would be something that's closer to our graphical style in "Ocarina of Time"". Eiji Aonuma explained that the design team had looked at ways of expressing Link as an older teenager, saying, "the fact that we're seeing Link on horseback and swinging a sword, I think that's one more way in which Link has matured". In "Twilight Princess", a key aspect of Link's role is the ability to transform into a wolf. Aonuma explained that a wolf was chosen because the design team considered the animal to be the best representation of a hero and that this function was incorporated to give the adult version of Link limited human abilities, allowing him to mature over the course of the game.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link's signature green outfit has evolved over the course of "The Legend of Zelda" series. At a Game Developers Conference in San Francisco, Art Director Satoru Takizawa commented on the subtle changes made to Link's outfit for each game release. He said that for "Twilight Princess" he, "made the hat long, so it would flap in the wind and move around", but for the release of "Skyward Sword", he decided to make it more diminutive and give it less motion. The release of "" in 2017 broke the conventions of Link's design, notably the absence of his signature green outfit as a prominent feature. Takizawa explained that "as the graphic fidelity has increased it becomes more difficult to make that hat look cool". However, players can still acquire Link's green hat and tunic within the game. For "Breath of the Wild" nearly 100 designs were considered for Link to ensure that he remained a neutral character. Eiji Aonuma commented: "We thought that the iconic green tunic and hat had become expected, so we wanted to mix things up and update his look. Interestingly, though, nobody on the team said, 'Let's make him blue!' It just organically ended up that way".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Although Link is depicted as a male character, Eiji Aonuma stated that he wanted the character to be gender neutral. He said of Link's portrayal in "Ocarina of Time": "I wanted the player to think 'Maybe Link is a boy or a girl'. If you saw Link as a guy, he'd have more of a feminine touch. Or vice versa, if you related to Link as a girl, it was with more of a masculine aspect. I really wanted the designer to encompass more of a gender-neutral figure. So I've always thought that for either female or male players, I wanted them to be able to relate to Link". During the development of "Twilight Princess", he created a more masculine version of Link, but then later decided to return Link to a more gender neutral character. Regarding Link's character design in "Breath of the Wild", Aonuma commented that "as far as gender goes, Link is definitely a male, but I wanted to create a character where anybody would be able to relate to the character".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Since the first instance of voice acting in the series (in "Ocarina of Time"), Link has been voiced by eight actors: Nobuyuki Hiyama in "Ocarina of Time" (as adult Link); Fujiko Takimoto in "Ocarina of Time" (as young Link), "Majora's Mask", "" for the Game Boy Advance and "Minish Cap"; Sachi Matsumoto in "The Wind Waker"; Akira Sasanuma in "Twilight Princess"; Yūki Kodaira in "Spirit Tracks"; Takashi Ōhara in "Skyward Sword"; Mitsuki Saiga in "A Link Between Worlds" and "Link's Awakening" (the 2019 version only); and Kengo Takanashi in "Breath of the Wild". In "Tri Force Heroes", Fujiko Takimoto, Sachi Matsumoto, Yūki Kodaira and Mitsuki Saiga all reprise their roles as Link, acting as alternate voices.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: As no canonical game in "The Legend of Zelda" series to date has contained substantial spoken dialogue for Link, the part consists only of short phrases, grunts, battle cries, and other sounds. In "The Wind Waker", however, Link has been heard saying the phrase, "Come on!" Voice acting for the character has been deliberately limited to avoid contradicting players' individual interpretations of how Link could sound. Producer Eiji Aonuma stated that Link's silence is meant to avoid breaking the relationship between the player and the character that could result from adding dialogue with which the player does not agree. Link's character has been purposefully left open to interpretation to offer a blank slate for players to enter the game world and provide a more personal experience.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link is a brave, skilled warrior and the hero of "The Legend of Zelda" series. Over the course of the series, he has appeared in a variety of ages and forms, ranging from child to young adult, and in "Twilight Princess", also appears in the form of a wolf. He displays the characteristic traits of the Hylian race, being of human form with elfin features, including pointed ears. Since the original 1986 "The Legend of Zelda" video game, he has been repeatedly depicted wearing his characteristic green cap and tunic. However, he has also appeared wearing other outfits, including a blue lobster shirt in "The Wind Waker" and his blue Champion's Tunic in "Breath of the Wild". Link is described in the original game's instruction manual as a "young lad" and a traveller and in later games, such as "Breath of the Wild", as a knight of Hyrule who is sworn to protect the kingdom and Princess Zelda. During gameplay, he carries a sword and a shield, but has also wielded a variety of other weapons, including bows, spears and axes.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link's signature weapon is the Master Sword, a powerful magic sword that has the ability to repel evil. He is also often depicted holding the Hylian Shield. These two components have become integral aspects of the character's identity. Each game in the series follows a similar story arc in which Link must take a journey that eventually leads him to recover the Master Sword, which makes him stronger in gameplay and enables him to defeat the series' main antagonist, Ganon.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Throughout each game, Link is able to obtain various items during his adventures, which the player can then use in gameplay. Many of these objects possess magical properties that bestow specific abilities on Link, such as a magic cape that makes Link invisible when he wears it, or potions that replenish his health. Others have various practical purposes, such as the hookshot, which enables Link to pull items towards him, and bombs for detonation. In addition, Link has used various musical instruments on his travels, most notably, the Ocarina of Time, which when played is used for teleportation. In "Breath of the Wild", Link's key tool is the Sheikah Slate, a handheld tablet featuring various runes that enable him to manipulate the game world.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In "Zelda" lore, Link is the reincarnated soul of a hero, chosen by the goddess Hylia to protect the kingdom of Hyrule from Ganon and save Princess Zelda whenever the need arises. As the goddess' chosen hero, he is also the bearer of the Triforce of Courage, one of the three components that together combine to form the Triforce, a sacred artefact and symbol of power. In several "Zelda" games, Link's main objective is to recover the fragments of the Triforce in order to defeat Ganon. Link's character is always depicted as a fearless hero and a "symbol of courage" who is willing to protect Hyrule for the sake of others.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link's relationships with the other main characters has been a defining aspect of the series. Within the fictional lore, Ganon, Zelda and Link represent three pieces of the Triforce, with Ganon representing Power, Zelda representing Wisdom and Link representing Courage. This trinity transcends the fictional timeline and dictates that the three characters are destined to be forever reincarnated in an endless battle for good and evil. Link's battle with Ganon established a fictional chronology that spans across the entire series and branches into three separate timelines. The three timelines originate at the end of "Ocarina of Time" when the timeline splits according to whether Link successfully defeats Ganon ("The Hero is Victorious") or fails to stop him (the "Fallen Hero" timeline). The official fictional chronology was revealed in "Hyrule Historia", with "Skyward Sword" presented as the first game in the timeline. "Skyward Sword" establishes that the three main characters are destined to be connected in an endless cycle after the antagonist Demise curses Link and Zelda.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link's relationship with Zelda has been a core aspect of the series but has also been the subject of speculation. Throughout the games, the storylines have suggested the possibility of a romantic relationship between the two, but this has remained ambiguous. With each game release, the nature of their relationship has varied and Link has also been presented with other possible love interests. A romantic relationship between Link and Zelda is particularly evident in "Skyward Sword" and was also emphasised in an official "romance trailer" for the game. Eiji Aonuma commented on this relationship in an interview with "Game Informer": "As far as the love story goes, it wasn't that we wanted to create a romance between Link and Zelda as much as we wanted the player to feel like this is a person who's very important to me, who I need to find. We used that hint of a romance between the two to tug at the heartstrings". In "Breath of the Wild", the relationship between Link and Zelda is more complex and follows a story arc that begins with resentment and ends in a close bond with each willing to give their life for the other.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link has appeared as the protagonist of "The Legend of Zelda" series for over three decades. In addition to appearing in every video game in "The Legend of Zelda" series, he has also appeared as a major character in various spin-off games. Although the plot in each "Zelda" game varies, most center around Link defeating Ganon with the Master Sword and rescuing Princess Zelda. During gameplay, Link must navigate through various dungeons, defeat monsters and solve puzzles before reaching the end of the game.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link was introduced on the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in the original 1986 game release "The Legend of Zelda". Due to the limited hardware of the era, Link was rendered as a simple 8-bit 2D character within a flat environment viewed from a top-down perspective. In the opening introduction, he meets an old man who offers him a sword and declares "It's dangerous to go alone!" Link is described as a "young lad" who saves Princess Zelda's elderly nursemaid Impa from Ganon's henchmen. Link assumes the role of the hero and must rescue Princess Zelda and the kingdom of Hyrule from the evil wizard Ganon, who has stolen the Triforce of Power. During the game, the player controls Link as he explores 128 areas of Hyrule. Nine dungeons each contain a special item that gives Link the ability to defeat that dungeon's boss; he must defeat them all before fighting Ganon.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "In " (1987), Link reappeared on the NES with some minor changes to his design but still as a basic 8-bit 2D character. He is depicted as a slightly taller character sprite wearing a green outfit similar to his previous appearance. The game differs from the previous title in that it switches between a top-down perspective and a side-scroll perspective. The storyline involves Link going on a quest to place a crystal in each of six castles in Hyrule so that he can later break the magically protected Great Palace, defeat his doppelgänger Dark Link (also known as Shadow Link), claim the Triforce of Courage, reunite the three pieces of the Triforce, and awaken sleeping Zelda. The Dark Link incarnation would later reappear in "Ocarina of Time", "The Oracle of Ages", "Twilight Princess", and various other games.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "" (1991) recreated Link in a 16-bit colour palette for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It presents the character with the unusual characteristic of pink hair, diverging from the traditional blond or light brown hair seen in other releases. Link's sprite was also designed to appear more expressive, as he was given an animated hat and a face that turns red when attempting to pull objects. The game introduced Link's Master Sword with an early design that would evolve over subsequent games. In contrast to the in-game sprite, the game manual depicts Link as a tall blond character. The story describes Link trying to intercept the wizard Agahnim before he breaks the seal on the Dark World and unleashes Ganon's fury upon Hyrule. To stop him, Link collects three magical Pendants of Virtue and claims the Master Sword, then ventures into the Dark World to rescue the Seven Sages, after which he is able to defeat Agahnim and Ganon.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "" was released in 1993 for the Game Boy, making it the first handheld title in the series. Link appeared in monochrome until the DX port brought the game to the Game Boy Color. The storyline takes place on a mysterious island called Koholint after Link is washed ashore. The game involves collecting eight musical instruments from eight dungeons in order to wake the sleeping Wind Fish, which is imprisoned inside an enormous egg. Various concepts were introduced to gameplay, including jumping and side-scrolling. Link appears in the 2019 remake "" for the Nintendo Switch in 3D form.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "" (1998) was released for the Nintendo 64 (N64) and is the first 3D game in the "Zelda" series. It was a landmark game in terms of the detail and quality of the graphics and the influence it had on later video games. The game was the first to include Link's horse Epona. Link appears in two forms, as a younger and older version of the same character wearing his green tunic. The game is one of a few in the series that presents Link as a child, carrying the Hylian Shield and a slingshot for a weapon. The plot involves Link travelling between the present and the future by using the titular Ocarina of Time in order to stop Ganondorf's takeover of Hyrule. As a result, Link comes to be known as the "Hero of Time" and is successful in stopping Ganondorf both in the present and in the future. Link is accompanied by the fairy Navi, who gives him hints about enemies and his surroundings. In 2011, Link also appeared in "", a remake of the original 1998 game for the Nintendo 3DS.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link returned in 2000 with the release of "" on the N64. It reused character and scenery models from "Ocarina of Time" but added some surreal effects and colours to create a darker entry than its predecessors. The game includes four main dungeons and various side quests. In the storyline, Link appears as a child and must save the land of Termina from the evil of Majora's Mask, which has drawn the moon into a decaying orbit, threatening to crash into Termina's primary town, Clock Town, in three days. Link uses the Ocarina of Time to play the Song of Time, which allows him to repeatedly travel back in time to relive those three days until he successfully prevents the disaster. During the game, Link finds various magical masks that transform him into a Goron, Deku Scrub, or Zora. In the final boss battle with Majora, Link is transformed into Fierce Deity Link, a dark, adult version of himself with white eyes, before finally reverting to his child form. In 2015 " "revisited the game for the Nintendo 3DS.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In 2002, Nintendo published "" on the Game Boy Advance". Four Swords" was an original title packaged together with the rereleased entry "A Link to the Past". Diverging from the traditional single-player approach, "Four Swords" was based on cooperative gameplay, allowing four players to interact together by connecting four Game Boy Advance systems. In "Four Swords", four Links of different colours appear, each of which is controlled by a different player. The four versions of Link must then work together to complete the game's challenges.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "" was released in 2002 on the GameCube. It marked a radical change for the series and depicted Link and the game environment in a cute childlike graphical style. Link was depicted as a preteen cartoon character with a large head and huge eyes. In the storyline, Link's younger sister is kidnapped, and he embarks on a voyage to rescue her. He joins a pirate crew and travels the vast ocean to explore the many islands that are dotted around the map to encounter characters and uncover dungeons. Link's key tool is the titular Wind Waker, a magical baton that enables him to manipulate the breeze as he crosses the Great Sea. A sequel to "The Wind Waker" was planned but was later abandoned in favor of "Twilight Princess". Nintendo artist Satoru Takizawa explained the reason for the cancellation was that "Wind Waker 2 would have taken place in a more land-based setting, rather than on the sea, so that we could have Link gallop across the land on a horse. But Link's proportions in "Wind Waker" weren’t very well suited for riding on horseback; he was too short, and an adult version of Toon Link did not seem appropriate either." In 2013 "" revisited Link's voyage across the Great Sea on the Wii U.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "", which was published for the GameCube in 2004, again reinterpreted traditional "Zelda" gameplay with a multiplayer approach. The plot centres on Link being split into four versions of himself by the Four Sword, resulting in four Links of different colours. He must embark on a quest that involves rescuing seven princesses from an evil sorcerer. The game depicts the Links in a 16-bit top-down perspective and involves each player controlling one of the four Links to explore the game world and defeat enemies in order to complete each level.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: The release of "" in 2004 on the Game Boy Advance returned the series to a single-player format. Link appears as a child viewed from a top-down perspective and is tasked with saving his friend Princess Zelda. After a mysterious stranger arrives at a festival celebrating the coming of the Picori, he destroys the sacred Picori Blade and turns Zelda to stone. During the game, Link is accompanied by a magical talking cap named Ezlo, who helps him on his quest and teaches him to shrink to the size of the Minish.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "" (2006) was released on the GameCube and Wii and offers a darker adventure to previous entries in the series. The game features a more detailed depiction of a teenage Link who appears ready for battle wearing chainmail beneath his tunic. In the early part of the game, he becomes trapped in the Twilight, which transforms him into a wolf. Throughout the game, he is aided by Midna, an imp-like creature, who rides on his back and helps him on his quest. The game uses a variety of animal abilities for progression, such as the ability to follow scents. "Twilight Princess" aimed to provide a stark contrast to the cartoonish style of "The Wind Waker", presenting a game world drained of colour and a story with a more mature tone. In 2016, Link appeared in "," a remaster for the Wii U.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: The direct sequel to "The Wind Waker", "," was released in 2007 for the Nintendo DS. It follows Link as he embarks on a journey to save his friend Tetra. The game was designed to appeal to a wider audience, with 3D cel-shaded graphics and a light-hearted tone. It takes inspiration form the style and tone of "The Wind Waker", with Toon Link displaying various humorous expressions. The game made use of the console's touchscreen functionality, which enabled the player to control Link using a stylus instead of the traditional button controls.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Following on from "Phantom Hourglass, " (2009) reintroduced Toon Link to the Nintendo DS. The game is a sequel to its predecessor and has a similar format but replaces sailing by boat with travelling by train. Link must explore four main map pieces, return the power of the spirit tracks using the Spirit Flute, and navigate the Spirit Tower, the main labyrinth hub, aided by the spirit of Zelda. The gameplay also incorporates the mechanic of controlling both Link and Zelda in a series of cooperative puzzles and boss battles.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "" was released on the Wii in 2011 and made use of the Wii Motion Plus as the central game mechanic, giving the player the ability to control Link's sword using motion controls. The Wii Motion Plus is used to swipe the sword in combat, control Link's mechanical beetle, and control the movements of his loftwing as he flies through the skies. The plot establishes a central timeline for the other games in the series and was designed to be an origin story for the Master Sword. It also involves a romantic relationship between Link and Zelda. The storyline begins in Skyloft, a land floating above the clouds, where Link is the childhood friend of Zelda. He is forced to descend to the surface after Zelda is kidnapped. He then travels between the two lands wielding the Goddess Sword, a magical sword that holds a spirit named Fi, who acts as his guide. During his journey, Link imbues the Goddess Sword with three sacred flames, which results in it being reforged into the Master Sword. Link also appears in "" (2021), a remastered version of the game for the Nintendo Switch.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "" was released in 2013 for the Nintendo 3DS and is a sequel to "A Link to the Past." The plot revolves around a sorcerer named Yuga who has the ability to merge into walls and turn people into paintings. Link must foil his plan to revive Ganon. The storyline is set within the same world as "A Link to the Past" and was designed with a similar art style. Players are able to explore the two separate worlds of Hyrule and Lorule, which are reminiscent of the contrasting worlds of light and dark in "A Link to the Past". The game introduced the ability for Link to turn into a painting, allowing him to walk along walls and switch between the two worlds.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "" (2015) was the second original "Zelda" entry for the Nintendo 3DS and a departure from the series' tradition, with a focus on a three-player cooperative campaign. Link appears alongside two companions that can be stacked to reach high places, solve puzzles and defeat tall enemies. The storyline revolves around the theme of fashion and is set in the realm of Hytopia, where a witch has cursed Princess Styla to wear an ugly brown body suit. As a result, the Hytopian king calls for adventurers to break the curse. The gameplay departs from the usual "Zelda" open-world structure and involves completing dungeons and collecting materials to fashion outfits that provide specific abilities.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: "" was released on the Nintendo Switch and Wii U in 2017 and reinvented the franchise with significant changes to visuals and gameplay. It moved away from the rigid structure of preceding games and created a massive open world for Link to explore. He has the ability to climb most surfaces, allowing the player to explore the vast terrain. The addition of a paraglider also gives Link the ability to jump from structures and soar across the sky. Link was also designed to interact with the surrounding environment, collecting materials for cooking and reacting to cold and heat. The game introduced significant changes to Link's design, notably the absence of his signature green outfit. It allows players to dress Link in a variety of outfits, including his blue Champion's Tunic, and places more emphasis on his bow as a prominent weapon. The storyline centers around Link waking without his memories after a century in a stasis pod called the "Shrine of Resurrection" and discovering that Calamity Ganon has taken control of Hyrule Castle and that Hyrule has fallen into ruin.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link is due to appear in "" in 2023. Nintendo released a teaser trailer as part of its E3 2021 Nintendo Direct, showing an altered version of Link from "Breath of the Wild". The upcoming game is a direct sequel to the previous game and is set in the same version of Hyrule.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In 1989, Link appeared in "Zelda", which was released in the Game & Watch series of handheld electronic games. The unit features a multi-screen liquid-crystal display (LCD). The lower display is used for the main gameplay which involves Link fighting against dungeon monsters, while the upper display features the inventory and another small game screen. The gameplay of the Game & Watch unit ZL-65 is simpler than that of an NES game and features a story that replaces Ganon with eight dragons that kidnap Zelda. After battling through a dungeon, Link must defeat a dragon on the upper screen to receive a piece of the Triforce, before freeing Zelda with the eight recovered Triforce pieces.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: 1989 was also the release year of "The Legend of Zelda" Game Watch, which was part of the LCD wristwatch product line licensed to and developed by Nelsonic Industries. In addition to its timekeeping function, the unit features gameplay based on the original "The Legend of Zelda" game but without a storyline. It features Link adventuring through eight dungeons comprising four rooms in each.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link appears in "Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce" (Barcode Battler II), which was released by Epoch Co. in 1992 in Japan but not in North America. It was developed for the Barcode Battler II console and involves swiping cards to unlock various characters from "A Link to the Past".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In 1993 and 1996, Link appeared in and "Zelda's Adventure", although he is playable only in "The Faces of Evil" and relegated to a secondary role in "The Wand of Gamelon" and "Zelda's Adventure". At the beginning of "The Faces of Evil", Link and the King of Hyrule are visited by a wizard named Gwonam, who tells them that Ganon and his servants have seized the peaceful island of Koridai and captured Zelda. After being informed that only he can defeat Ganon, Link travels to Koridai to find the magical artifact known as the Book of Koridai. In the latter two games, the roles are reversed and Zelda has to rescue Link from Ganon. While the comics were licensed by Nintendo to use official "Zelda" characters, none of them were produced or supervised by Nintendo. As well as being critically panned, none of these games (which were produced for the Philips CD-i multimedia player) are recognized by Nintendo as part of the series' official chronology. Unlike the main games, Link has the ability to speak and is voiced by Jeffrey Rath. His personality mirrors his animated series counterpart in which he yearns for adventure and is constantly trying to get a kiss from Zelda.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In 2007, Nintendo released a shooting video game for the Wii titled "Link's Crossbow Training". It is set within the "Zelda" universe and features Link as a playable character holding a crossbow. The game revisits the world of "Twilight Princess" and features the same landmarks and enemies. It involves the use of the Wii remote and nunchuck to create a light gun, which targets enemies with an onscreen reticule.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link appears in the 2014 hack and slash video game "Hyrule Warriors" as a playable character. This incarnation is a Hyrulian soldier-in-training who helps to lead the campaign against the forces of evil. Young Link from "Ocarina of Time" and "Majora's Mask" also appears in the game as a playable character via downloadable content, while Toon Link from "The Wind Waker" appears as a playable character in "Hyrule Warriors Legends", the Nintendo 3DS port of "Warriors".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link also appears as a playable character in the 2019 Nintendo Switch rhythm game "Cadence of Hyrule", a crossover between "Crypt of the NecroDancer" and "The Legend of Zelda" series.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In 2020, Link reappeared as a playable character in "", which acts as a prequel to "Breath of the Wild" and exists within the same game world. Link's appearance is similar to this previous incarnation and includes the same game mechanics featured in "Breath of the Wild," such as the use of the Sheikah Slate and the ability to use a sword and a shield for parrying. He is accompanied by a roster of characters to fight alongside on the battlefield. The storyline centres around Zelda struggling to unlock her powers and the Champions battling against the newly resurrected Ganon. The game progresses in the form of various missions that must be completed to level up Link and his allies.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: For the 35th anniversary of "The Legend of Zelda" series, Nintendo released "Game & Watch: The Legend of Zelda" in 2021"." The unit was designed with a green colour scheme, metallic gold front plate and light up Triforce on the reverse. It includes the original "The Legend of Zelda" game, "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, Link's Awakening" and also a version of the 1980 Game & Watch title "Vermin" which features Link in the main role. The clock function also depicts Link fighting various enemies.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link has appeared in other game series and his weapons and outfits have also appeared in several games. A reference to Link appears in the Japanese release of the NES game "Final Fantasy", where a grave in Elfheim is marked "Here lies Link". Among SNES games, Link makes a cameo in "" where he is ranked against the player next to Mario and Yoshi. Alongside Samus Aran, he makes a cameo in "Super Mario RPG", where they are seen sleeping in separate beds at an inn.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: He is a playable character in the "Super Smash Bros." series and has appeared in every title since the first "Super Smash Bros." on the Nintendo 64. In 2008, Toon Link from "The Wind Waker" appeared in "Super Smash Bros. Brawl" on the Wii. He was also introduced in 2014 in "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS" and "Wii U". Link later returned in "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" for the Nintendo Switch in various incarnations, including Young Link, Toon Link, green tunic Link and the version wearing his blue tunic from "Breath of the Wild".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In the GameCube version of Namco's "Soulcalibur II", Link is a featured character and wields his signature weapons from the "Zelda" series. Miyamoto did not see a problem with Link appearing in what some had thought to be a "violent fighting game", as he had already been established as a fighter in the "Super Smash Bros." series. Link was planned to appear together with "Metroid" series protagonist Samus Aran in "", but was later removed. As part of the styling of a "Zelda"-themed game mode, he is featured in the 2006 puzzle video game "Tetris DS". In "Scribblenauts Unlimited", many "Zelda" series characters are summonable in the Wii U version, including Link. He is referenced by an archer dressed in green in "", a mini game in the 2012 party game "Nintendo Land", which involves archery and sword fighting in a cloth style. His signature green outfit also appears alongside that of Samus in "Dynasty Warriors VS" for the Nintendo 3DS. Link appears in "Sonic Lost World" as part of "The Legend of Zelda Zone", where he rides his signature Crimson Loftwing. In the 2013 compilation game "NES Remix", players can play remixed portions of NES games, including playing as Link in a level of "Donkey Kong".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: The "Skyward Sword" incarnation of Link was introduced as a playable character in "Mario Kart 8", along with the "Hyrule Circuit" race track, the "Triforce Cup" and a vehicle set consisting of the "Master Cycle", "Triforce Tires" and "Hylian Kite". In "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe", the "Breath of the Wild" incarnation also appears, along with the Master Cycle Zero, Ancient Tires, and Paraglider from the same game. He is referenced in 2015 downloadable content for "Monster Hunter 4" with armor resembling his tunic, "Monster Hunter Generations" DLC and also "Monster Hunter Stories". Incarnations of Link from "The Legend of Zelda", "The Wind Waker", "Twilight Princess" and "Tri Force Heroes" also appear as "Mystery Mushroom" costumes in "Super Mario Maker". In 2016, Link appeared in a 3DS game titled "My Nintendo Picross - The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess", a picture-puzzle game made available through the My Nintendo rewards program. The Master Sword and Hylian Shield appear alongside Link's Champion's Tunic from "Breath of the Wild" as Amiibo-unlocked content in the Nintendo Switch version of "". In 2019, Link was added as a playable character in the 2.0.0 update to "Super Mario Maker 2", which features the Master Sword power-up changing the Mario characters into Link.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In "The Legend of Zelda" animated series, Link, voiced by Jonathan Potts, features in a set of cartoons which aired from 1989 to 1990 as a part of DIC's "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!". Based loosely on the first game, the cartoons present Link as a rude, lovesick teenager. The plot revolves around Link living in Hyrule Castle and being recruited to protect the Triforce of Wisdom from Ganon, while accompanied by a fairy princess named Spryte. Over the course of the series he persistently attempts to kiss Zelda and exclaims the catchphrase "Well excuuuuuse me, Princess!" when tired with her attitude. Thirteen episodes were produced before the cancellation of "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: A similar version of Link and Zelda appear during the second season of "". The storyline involves a character named Kevin being sucked into a TV and entering a game world. During three episodes, he helps Link and Zelda to stop Ganon from reviving to protect the Triforce.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Throughout 2013 and 2014, Link appeared in a series of comedic shorts titled "The Legend of Zelda: The Misadventures of Link". The series made its debut on "Nintendo Video", a video on demand service for the Nintendo 3DS. The series was based on "The Wind Waker HD" and aimed to present Link "in a new and hysterical light."


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In 2015, news of a planned live-action series based on "The Legend of Zelda" was widely reported online. According to comedian Adam Conover, the proposed series was cancelled by Nintendo after someone from Netflix leaked the project.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Following the release of the original game, Link appeared in manga-style novels published by Futabasha, including "The Legend of Zelda: The Mirage Castle", which was published in Japanese in 1986. A similar book titled "The Legend of Zelda: The Triforce of the Gods" was released in 1992 with a storyline based on "".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In the early 1990s, Valiant Comics published a serial comic based on "The Legend of Zelda" series. The comic series lasted for only five issues, with a sixth story published as part of the Nintendo Comics System. In this incarnation, Link's appearance was based on the original video game, giving him red hair, instead of his typical blonde or brown hair. However, the storyline reflects "The Legend of Zelda" animated television series, which was being aired around the same time. Link and Zelda's relationship is depicted as amorous, with Link attempting to get a kiss from Zelda and Zelda returning Link's affections.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: A serial comic was created for "Nintendo Power" magazine by Japanese manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori. It was published in 1992 and later collected in graphic novel form in 1993. The plot is an alternate version of the storyline from "A Link to the Past". Several other manga adaptations have been published by Viz Media based on the "Zelda" video games, including "Ocarina of Time", "Majora's Mask", "A Link to the Past" and "The Minish Cap", which were illustrated by Akira Himekawa. The Japanese artist duo also wrote the long-running , which began as a Japanese serialisation in 2016 followed by an English translation in 2017 and has been released as a series of volumes.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Nintendo published "Link's Hijinks", a translated web comic by Saitaro Komatsu on its Play Nintendo website. The comic had originally appeared in the Japanese manga magazine "CoroCoro Comic".


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Nintendo published several gamebooks based on "The Legend of Zelda" series. As part of the "Nintendo Adventure Book" series, which was similar to the "Choose Your Own Adventure" books, two books were published in 1992 titled "The Crystal Trap" and "The Shadow Prince." In "The Crystal Trap", the storyline involves Zelda saving Link from the trap, while in "The Shadow Prince", Link must save Zelda with the help of a character named Charles. In 2001, two books based on "" were published by Scholastic, which were written by Craig Wessel and feature Link in a storyline based on the video games.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link has been well received by video game critics. In a section titled "top ten forces of good" in their 2004 list of top 50 retro game heroes, "Retro Gamer" noted that Link is "one of the longest running gaming legends." "Game Informer" chose Link as the number one "Hero of 2006". "CNET" declared him the second top comic book character of all time in 2009. "UGO.com" ranked Link in first place on a list of comic book characters who need their own movies, adding, "Get Peter Jackson or Guillermo del Toro to do it, dump a ton of money into it, and we'll all die happy." In 2013, "Complex" ranked him as the sixth "most badass" comic book character of all time, as well as the fourth best video game mascot of all time. "GamesRadar" staff ranked Link as one their "100 best heroes in video games", published in 2013. In 2020, "Esquire" listed Link in "The 50 Best Video Game Characters of All Time". In 2021, Riley McAtee for "The Ringer" opined, "A mute but courageous hero was the perfect character for a fantasy adventure game in the 1980s. Some 35 years later, video game storytelling has evolved, as has the "Legend of Zelda" franchise. But Link hasn't. He hasn't needed to. He's been the perfect video game character all along." Chris Morgan for "Yardbarker" described Link as one of "the most memorable characters from old school Nintendo games". "HobbyConsolas" included Link in "The 30 best heroes of the last 30 years," while Rachel Weber of "GamesRadar" ranked Link as 7th of their "50 iconic video game characters."


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: The character is also popular among the video game fan community. In the 1988 and 1989 Nintendo Power Awards, readers voted him as the best character. He was also voted by readers as the first and third "Best Hero" in the 1993 and 1994 Nintendo Power Awards respectively. In one of "IGN"'s 2007 Hero Showdowns and in Screw Attack's Death Battle, Link was voted the favorite over Cloud Strife. In 2010, "Nintendo Power" chose Link as their second favorite hero, commenting that his courage always wins out over evil.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link has also proven to be a popular guest character in other video games series. In 2008, "IGN" ranked him as the best bonus character in the "Soul Calibur" series, while "GameDaily" ranked him first on a list of top ten "Smash Bros." characters. "Polygon"s Jeremy Parish ranked 73 fighters from "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" from "garbage to glorious," praising Toon Link and placing him in seventh place unlike his other character incarnations, and stating that Toon Link is another version of Link "but this one is also the single most expressive fighter on the Smash roster." Gavin Jasper of "Den of Geek" also praised and ranked Link as sixth on his list of "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" characters, and stated that "I really like that he's functionally the exact same as his Smash predecessors despite being a different Link. It's really what I see as the soul of Link himself. He's not just a generic hero, but a force of pure mythology."


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Critics and gamers have also commented on Link's sexual attractiveness. In June 2006, Link was chosen as the "Hottest Video Game Character" by "Out" magazine for his appearance in "Twilight Princess", describing him as "Nintendo's sexy farm-boy-turned-wolf". A survey conducted from December 2019 to November 2020 placed Link in top position of a list of the sexiest male video game characters based on 20 fan sources and Google search data. Brian Feldman for "New York" magazine remarked, "For three decades, gamers have been horny for Link, and finally, Nintendo has acknowledged that Link is a hot, sexy boy who will fight for your honor" and highlighted that this aspect of Link is particularly emphasised by the reactions of several side characters in "Breath of the Wild". The relationship between Link and Princess Zelda was also ranked as the number one video game romance by James Hawkins of "Joystick Division", who commented, "Never overtly called-out and not yet actualized, this tacit romance has shaped one of gaming's greatest franchises."


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Link's character has been the subject of critical commentary with regards to his role as the protagonist of the series. Kyle Wizner for "Screen Rant" commented on Link's character as a silent protagonist, stating that "Breath of the Wild"'s attempt at a more compelling story was, "successful in some regards", but "the most significant problem with Link as a main character is also the most obvious: He doesn't speak. The silent protagonist is a gaming trope as old as any, but as it becomes less common in the modern era of video games, its issues become more obvious." However, in a 2016 interview Eiji Aonuma gave an opinion about giving Link a voice, saying, "while in some ways I do feel that it could be good to have a game where he speaks, part of me also feels that that air of proud independence he has because he doesn't speak is a precious part of the individuality of his character."


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Writing for "Den of Geek", Ryan Lambie described Link's character as "the videogame equivalent of Tintin" because he is "the archetypal young hero, embodying all the optimism, generosity and spirit of adventure a broad fantasy action game requires. And just as Tintin's simple design served as a reader's entry point into Hergé's stories, Link acts as the player's eyes and ears in Hyrule, a filter through which audiences can experience the colourful characters, action and perils the world constantly introduces." He further commented that Link is one of the most enduring video game characters because he is "a sympathetic hero" and "the ultimate videogame underdog. He really is an ordinary yet brave little guy who wants to save the world, in spite of insurmountable odds."


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Sara Gitkos for "iMore" questioned Link's role as the series protagonist, despite Zelda being the titular character. She commented that since the start of the series, "Zelda served as the prize at the end of Link's long traveled tunnel" and played the role of the damsel in distress, although in recent games, she has "acted more as a partner to Link rather than an object to save". However, she also noted that it would be difficult to change this because, "Though players take control of Link and he "acts" as the protagonist, the silent hero is really just the vessel for players to control. He doesn't have any character to speak of, but rather is the place holder for us, and we become him."


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In 2016, video game websites "GameSpot" and "Kotaku" consulted Eiji Aonuma regarding the possibility of producing a "Zelda" game led by a female version of Link. Aonuma responded by stating, "We thought about it and decided that if we're going to have a female protagonist, it's simpler to have Princess Zelda as the main character." However, this idea was abandoned because "if we have Princess Zelda as the main character who fights, then what is Link going to do?" Jacob Krastenakes writing for "The Verge" opined, "Switching the two characters wouldn't even require Link to be completely absent — he could simply be the "other" character, who is off doing their own thing." Aonuma also referred to the balance of the Triforce as a reason for not creating a female Link, stating, "The Triforce is made up of Princess Zelda, Ganon, and Link. Princess Zelda is obviously female. If we made Link a female we thought that would mess with the balance of the Triforce. That's why we decided not to do it." In 2015, Nintendo announced a female version of Link named Linkle for the 2016 Nintendo 3DS release "Hyrule Warriors Legends". Miyamoto confirmed that Link would continue to be the main character of the series in an interview with "Game Kult", stating, "in the classic games in the series, Link is the hero and that will not change."


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: Jonathan Homes writing for "Destructoid" commented on the ambiguity of Link's character, asking, "Is Link an individual, or is he (or she) a blank slate avatar meant to represent the player?" He continued by stating, "Nintendo has done an admirable job of concocting a way to help fans to imagine Link as both a specific person and an abstract concept at the same time. He’s actually not always named Link. You, the player, choose his name before starting each of his games. He also never speaks, further solidifying him as non-character only purpose is to act as doorway for the player into the game world. Yet, by leaning hard on both the reincarnation myth and the use of multiple timelines, Nintendo has managed to shape Link into a series of individual characters in the minds of many."


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: As the mascot of "The Legend of Zelda" series, Link has become a widely recognisable character in pop culture. Due to his popularity with gamers, his signature green outfit combined with the Master Sword and Hylian Shield is a popular choice with fans for cosplay. His image has been recreated in numerous works of fan art. He has been the subject of numerous internet memes that focus on the common misconception that Link is named Zelda due to him being the protagonist of the series. He has also appeared in the form of various merchandise, including figurines, Amiibo, plush toys, and apparel. "Guinness World Records" reported that as of 1 February 2018, Link is the most prolific Nintendo character released as an Amiibo, with 11 different versions, including Toon Link, Wolf Link and Link (Rider) from "Breath of the Wild". Since the release of "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" on 7 December 2018, he also holds the "Guinness World Record" as the most ubiquitous action-adventure video game character, having appeared in 40 unique video games, not including rereleases and HD remasters.


title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In 2001, the "Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition" recognised Link as the second best video game character of all time, behind Mario. In 2005, he was awarded a star on the Walk of Game along with his creator, Shigeru Miyamoto. In 2011, "Empire" ranked Link as the sixth greatest comic book character, stating "Shigeru Miyamoto's most famous creation aside from a certain moustachioed plumber, Link has grown into one of the world's most celebrated console heroes, and helped establish RPGs as an international gaming standard." In 2017, "Time" named Link as 11th on its "Most Influential Video Game Characters of All Time", stating, "The protagonist of each "The Legend of Zelda" series installment, Link embodies the selfless hero on a transformative journey, a storytelling trope we've seen in countless titles from Mass Effect's Commander Shepard to Halo's Master Chief." On 26 October 2018, "Guinness World Records" named Link as the "most critically acclaimed videogame playable character", as he has appeared in six unique entries in GameRankings.com's list of the top 100 all-time best reviewed videogames, with Nintendo's Super Mario and Konami's Solid Snake being his closest competitors. In 2020, James McMahon for "The Independent" listed Link in fourth place in the "Top 20 most iconic video game characters of all time", commenting, "You star in over 19 instalments of what's largely considered the greatest RPG series of all time. In your own animated TV series. Your own manga. Your own board game (three of those actually). Not only that, but one of your last rides out – 2017's "Breath of the Wild" – is frequently discussed in the conversation entitled, "What's the Greatest Video Game Ever?" And after all this? You're not only not Nintendo's most famous character – you don't even get your name in the title of the franchise you've helmed since 1986! The Legend of Link perhaps doesn't have the same ring to it, but it's the little green one who runs this manor, not Zelda."


title: University of Utah

text: The University of Utah (U of U, UofU, or simply The U) is a public research university in Salt Lake City, Utah. It is the flagship institution of the Utah System of Higher Education. The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret () by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, making it Utah's oldest institution of higher education. It received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900.


title: University of Utah

text: As of Fall 2019, there were 24,485 undergraduate students and 8,333 graduate students, for an enrollment total of 32,818, making it the second largest public university in the state after Utah Valley University. Graduate studies include the S.J. Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine, Utah's first medical school. It is a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU) and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, the university received $552 million in research and development funding in 2018, ranking it 45th in the nation. In addition, the university's Honors College has been reviewed among 100 leading national Honors Colleges in the U.S. The university's health care system includes four hospitals, including the University of Utah Hospital and Huntsman Cancer Institute, along with twelve community clinics and specialty centers such as the Moran Eye Center. The university's athletic teams, the Utes, participate in NCAA Division I athletics (FBS for football) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference.


title: University of Utah

text: Twenty-two Rhodes Scholars, four Nobel Prize winners, three Turing Award winners, eight MacArthur Fellows, various Pulitzer Prize winners, two astronauts, Gates Cambridge Scholars, and Churchill Scholars have been affiliated with the university as students, researchers, or faculty members in its history.


title: University of Utah

text: Soon after the Mormon pioneers arrived in the Salt Lake valley in 1847, Brigham Young began organizing a Board of Regents to establish a university. The university was established on February 28, 1850, as the "University of Deseret" by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, and Orson Spencer was appointed as the first chancellor of the university. Early classes were held in private homes, or wherever space could be found. The university closed in 1853 due to a lack of funds and lack of feeder schools.


title: University of Utah

text: Following years of intermittent classes in the Salt Lake City Council House, the university began to be re-established in 1867 under the direction of David O. Calder, who was followed by John R. Park in 1869. The university moved out of the council house into the Union Academy building in 1876 and into Union Square in 1884. In 1892, the school's name was changed to the University of Utah, and John R. Park began arranging to obtain land belonging to the U.S. Army's Fort Douglas on the east bench of the Salt Lake Valley, where the university moved permanently in 1900. Additional Fort Douglas land has been granted to the university over the years, and the fort was officially closed on October 26, 1991. Upon his death in 1900, Dr. John R. Park bequeathed his entire fortune to the university.


title: University of Utah

text: The university grew rapidly in the early 20th century but was involved in an academic freedom controversy in 1915 when Joseph T. Kingsbury recommended that five faculty members be dismissed after a graduation speaker made a speech critical of Utah governor William Spry. One third of the faculty resigned in protest of these dismissals. Some felt that the dismissals were a result of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' influence on the university, while others felt that they reflected a more general pattern of repressing religious and political expression that might be deemed offensive. The controversy was largely resolved when Kingsbury resigned in 1916, but university operations were again interrupted by World War I, and later The Great Depression and World War II. Student enrollment dropped to a low of 3,418 during the last year of World War II, but A. Ray Olpin made substantial additions to campus following the war, and enrollment reached 12,000 by the time he retired in 1964. Growth continued in the following decades as the university developed into a research center for fields such as computer science and medicine.


title: University of Utah

text: During the 2002 Winter Olympics, the university hosted the Olympic Village, a housing complex for the Olympic and Paralympic athletes, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. Multiple large improvements were made to the university prior to the events, including extensive renovations to the Rice-Eccles Stadium, a light rail line leading to downtown Salt Lake City, a new student center known as the Heritage Center, an array of new student housing, and what is now a 180-room campus hotel and conference center.


title: University of Utah

text: The University of Utah Asia Campus opened as an international branch campus in the Incheon Global Campus in Songdo, Incheon, South Korea in 2014. Three other European and American universities are also participating. The Asia Campus was funded by the South Korean government.


title: University of Utah

text: Campus takes up , including the Health Sciences complex, Research Park, and Fort Douglas. It is located on the east bench of the Salt Lake Valley, close to the Wasatch Range and approximately 2 miles east of downtown Salt Lake City.


title: University of Utah

text: Most courses take place on the west side of campus, known as lower campus due to its lower elevation. Presidents Circle is a loop of buildings named after past university presidents with a courtyard in the center. Major libraries on lower campus include the J. Willard Marriott Library and the S.J. Quinney Law Library. The primary student activity center is the A. Ray Olpin University Union, and campus fitness centers include the Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Complex (HPER) and the Eccles Student Life Center.


title: University of Utah

text: Lower campus is also home to most public venues, such as the Rice-Eccles Stadium, the Jon M. Huntsman Center, and the Utah Museum of Fine Arts, a museum with rotating exhibitions and a permanent collection of American, European, African, and Asian art. Venues for performing arts include Kingsbury Hall, used for touring companies and concerts, Pioneer Memorial Theatre, used by the professional Pioneer Theatre Company, David P. Gardner Hall, used by the School of Music and for musical performances, and the Marriott Center for Dance. Red Butte Garden, with formal gardens and natural areas, as well as the new site of the Utah Museum of Natural History, is located on the far east side of campus.


title: University of Utah

text: The health sciences complex, at the northeast end of campus, includes the University of Utah Medical Center, Primary Children's Medical Center, the Huntsman Cancer Institute, the Moran Eye Center, and the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library. South of the health sciences complex, several university residence halls and apartments are clustered together near Fort Douglas and the Heritage Center, which serves as a student center and cafeteria for this area. In addition, there are 1,115 university apartments for students, staff, and faculty across three apartment complexes on campus. At the southeast end of campus is Research Park, which is home to research companies including ARUP Laboratories, Evans & Sutherland, Sarcos, Biofire Diagnostics, and Myriad Genetics.


title: University of Utah

text: In July 2017, the Academic Senate bestowed the designation of tobacco-free campus on the university, but rules were not enforced until 2018. The rule prohibits students and faculty from "smoking or using chewing tobacco, electronic cigarettes and all other recreational nicotine-delivery products on any property owned, leased or controlled by the University of Utah."


title: University of Utah

text: The University of Utah provides student housing in a 34-building housing complex on campus. The complex consists of nine housing areas: Chapel Glen, Gateway Heights, Sage Point, Officer's Circle, Benchmark Plaza, Shoreline Ridge, the Donna Garff Marriott Honors Residential Scholars Community (MHC for short), the Lassonde Studios, and Kahlert Village. The MHC is a dormitory strictly for honors students and was completed in fall 2012. Built in 2016, the Lassonde Studios is part of the Lassonde Entrepreneur Institute and houses 400 students; the studios also feature a "creative garage" with 3D printers and spaces for startups. Kahlert Village, completed August 2020, houses 990 first-year students.


title: University of Utah

text: A number of campus shuttles, running on biodiesel and used vegetable oil, circle the campus on six different routes. The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) runs several buses through the university area as well as the TRAX Red Line (light rail), which runs to South Jordan. Riders can travel downtown, to "FrontRunner" (commuter rail), to West Valley, to the Salt Lake City International Airport, or to Draper by transferring to the TRAX Green or Blue lines. Students and staff can use their university IDs to ride UTA buses, TRAX, and "FrontRunner".


title: University of Utah

text: In 2012, the university unveiled a new plan for a more conducive campus for bicyclers called the "Bicycle Master Plan" which aims to transform the campus into a safer and more accessible place for bicyclers and to promote the increase of bicycle ridership. The plan emphasizes both campus pathways and on-street facilities that connect the core campus area with surrounding neighborhoods. The Bicycle Master Plan gives guidelines for facilities and programs that are within the University's jurisdiction. It also provides recommendations for the University to work with external entities such as UDOT, UTA, and Salt Lake City to improve bicycling conditions in locations that are important to the campus environment, but which are not under the University's direct control.


title: University of Utah

text: Sustainability efforts include a permanent sustainability office, a campus cogeneration plant, building upgrades and energy efficient building standards, behavior modification programs, purchasing local produce for campus dining, a farmers market, and student groups, as well as a branch of the Salt Lake City Bicycle Collective. Sustainability and transportation are also a large part of the university's campus master plan. The Sustainable Endowments Institute gave the university a "B+" in its College Sustainability Report Card 2011, with A's for climate change and energy, food and recycling, student involvement, and transportation.


title: University of Utah

text: The expanded recycling program launched on July 1, 2007. Since its launch, the program has continued to grow and refine its procedures to better accommodate a growing campus' needs. Currently there are programs in place for paper, cardboard, aluminum, batteries, glass, printer cartridges, wooden pallets and plastics #1 and #2.


title: University of Utah

text: The university is ranked 8th by the EPA for annual green power usage among universities, with 49% of its power coming from geothermal and solar sources.


title: University of Utah

text: The university houses 10 solar array systems, including a 330-kilowatt system on the rooftop of the Natural History Museum of Utah and a 262-kilowatt system at the HPER East building. The combined arrays annually produce 1,096,340 kilowatt hours, and are supported by a student fee sustainability program established in 2008.


title: University of Utah

text: On November 1, 2019, the university entered into a renewable energy partnership with Rocky Mountain Power and Cyrq Energy which allows the purchase of 20 megawatts of geothermal energy for 25 years. The contract offsets half of the electricity produced by the university and reduces the university's carbon emissions by 23%.


title: University of Utah

text: The University of Utah is governed by a 10-member Board of Trustees, 8 of whom are appointed by the Governor of Utah with the consent of the Utah Senate. The President of the University of Utah Alumni Association serves as the 9th member, and the President of the Associated Students of the University of Utah (ASUU) serves as the 10th member. The 8 appointed members serve for four-year terms, four expiring on June 30 of each odd-numbered year. The two ex officio members serve for the terms of their respective offices.


title: University of Utah

text: The University of Utah and the other public colleges and universities of the Utah System of Higher Education are governed by the Utah Board of Higher Education (previously the Utah State Board of Regents) whose chief executive officer is the Commissioner of Higher Education.


title: University of Utah

text: The chief executive officer of the University of Utah is the president, who reports to the Board of Higher Education and, with the approval of the trustees, submits budgets, tuition adjustments, and academic program plans, appoints faculty, and develops policy initiatives.


title: University of Utah

text: Subject to the Board of Trustees, the university faculty have authority to legislate on matters of educational policy via the Academic Senate. The Senate is composed of 100 faculty members proportionally representing and elected by their respective colleges, 2 elected deans, and 18 students from the ASUU, one from each college and the ASUU president. The Senate also includes the University President, Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs, Senior Vice President for Health Sciences, and all non-elected deans as ex officio members who may debate and present motions but do not vote. Much of the actual Senate work is carried out by 12 Senate-elected committees which work on the central academic issues of the institution. The committees report to the full Senate and the Senate often acts on their proposals as well as on issues brought to its attention by the administration.


title: University of Utah

text: As of 2014, the university's revenues totaled $3.6 billion, of which 44% comes from patient care, 19% from sales and services, 10% from grants and contracts, 8.2% from tuition and fees, 7.7% from state appropriations, 3.4% from auxiliary enterprises, and the rest from other revenues. Football income was $56 million in 2017-2018.


title: University of Utah

text: The University of Utah is a public flagship four-year research university accredited through the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities since 1933. The U organizes its 150 academic departments and programs into 17 colleges and schools. The School for Cultural and Social Transformation is the university's newest college, with its first graduating class in 2018.


title: University of Utah

text: The University operates on a semester calendar with the rest of the Utah higher education system. Undergraduate tuition and fees for 2015–2016 were $8,240 for Utah residents (about 325% the cost of tuition and fees in 2000, $2,534 for 13 credit hours per semester, 2 semesters), and $26,180 for non-residents per 12-credit-hour semester.


title: University of Utah

text: For the Class of 2023 (enrolling Fall 2019), Utah received 24,404 applications and accepted 15,159 (62%), with 4,249 enrolling. The middle 50% range of SAT scores for enrolling freshmen was 572.5-680 for evidence-based reading and writing, 570-700 for math, and 1150-1370 for the composite. The middle 50% ACT score range was 22-28 for math, 21-31 for English, and 22-29 for the composite. The average high school grade point average (GPA) was 3.66.


title: University of Utah

text: The university uses a holistic admissions process and weighs ACT/SAT standardized test scores, GPA, grade trend, rigorous AP/IB/Honors classes taken in high school, academic achievements, along with other "personal achievements and characteristics".


title: University of Utah

text: In Fall 2015, the undergraduate and graduate student body was 31,551, with 23,794 undergraduate students and 7,757 graduate students; 73% of students were full-time, 56% were male and 44% female, and 82% were Utah residents. The undergraduate student body was 69% white, 11% Hispanic, 6% non-resident alien, 5% Asian, 4% two or more races, 1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 1% black, and 1% Native American. Ethnicity or citizenship was unknown for 2%.


title: University of Utah

text: The Department of Ballet offers the top ranked ballet and ballroom dance program in the United States and is one of the oldest and most reputable university ballet departments in the country. The Department was founded by William F. Christensen in 1951, who also founded the San Francisco Ballet and Ballet West companies.


title: University of Utah

text: The university has made unique contributions to the study of genetics due in part to long-term genealogy efforts of the LDS Church, which has allowed researchers to trace genetic disorders through several generations. The relative homogeneity of Utah's population also makes it an ideal laboratory for studies of population genetics. The university is home to the Genetic Science Learning Center, a resource which educates the public about genetics through its website.


title: University of Utah

text: The University of Utah was one of the original four nodes of ARPANET, the world's first packet-switched network and embryo of the current worldwide Internet. The School of Computing produced many of the early pioneers in computer science and graphics, including Turing Award winner Alan Kay, Pixar founder Ed Catmull, Atari founder Nolan Bushnell, and Adobe founder John Warnock. Notable innovations of computer science faculty and alumni include the first method for representing surface textures in graphical images, the Gouraud shading model, magnetic ink printing technology, the Johnson counter logic circuit, the oldest algebraic mathematics package still in use (REDUCE), the Phong reflection model, the Phong shading method, and the rendering equation. Through the movement of Utah graduates and faculty, research at the University spread outward to laboratories like Xerox Parc, JPL, and the New York Institute of Technology. Present graphics research is focused on biomedical applications for visualization, scientific computing, and image analysis at the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute.


title: University of Utah

text: In March 2012, the university received unanimous approval from the board of trustees to create a new academic college, the School of Dentistry, which is the university's first new college in sixty years. The new school has received funding for a new structure and has started as a debt-free program. The new school enrolled its first students for the fall semester of 2013 and averages the same cost as the university's medical school tuition.