title: Redwood City, California

text: According to a 2009 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $69,679, and the median income for a family was $77,964. Disposable income is relatively constant when Redwood City is compared with the rest of the country. Males had a median income of $47,345 versus $44,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,042. About 8.4% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.


title: Redwood City, California

text: Redwood City's charter provides for a councilor-manager form of government. The City Council appoints the City Manager and adopts policies, which the City Manager is expected to implement. The City Manager appoints and manages most of Redwood City's department heads (the City Clerk and City Attorney being notable exceptions).


title: Redwood City, California

text: The City Council seats are currently held by Mayor Giselle Hale, Vice Mayor Diana Reddy, Alicia C. Aguirre (District 7), Elmer Martinez Saballos (District 4), Lissette Espinoza-Guernica (District 3), Jeff Gee (District 1), and Diane Howard. The current City Manager is Melissa Stevenson Diaz.


title: Redwood City, California

text: In the United States House of Representatives, Redwood City is split between California's 14th and 18th congressional districts, represented by and , respectively.


title: Redwood City, California

text: According to the California Secretary of State, as of February 10, 2019, Redwood City has 41,866 registered voters. Of those, 21,213 (50.1%) are registered Democrats, 6,249 (14.9%) are registered Republicans, and 12,777 (30.5%) have declined to state a political party.


title: Redwood City, California

text: Preserves include Bair Island Ecological Preserve (State) and the Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge on the shoreline. Edgewood County Park known for its wildflowers is towards the Santa Cruz Mountains with entrances off Edgewood Road and Cañada Road.


title: Redwood City, California

text: It has elementary and middle schools operated by both the Redwood City School District and the Belmont – Redwood Shores School District. At the high school level it is part of the Sequoia Union High School District and high schools in Redwood City that are part of this district are the comprehensive Sequoia High School, the charter schools Summit Preparatory Charter High School and Everest Public High School, and the continuation school Redwood High School. Many students from Redwood City attend another Sequoia Union school, Woodside High School, in the neighboring town of Woodside. The community of Redwood Shores is served by the Belmont - Redwood Shores School District and Carlmont High School.


title: Redwood City, California

text: The Redwood City Public Library, a member of the Peninsula Library System, has a Downtown Library and two neighborhood branch locations: Redwood Shores and Schaberg. The city's first library opened in 1865 and in 1900 the city passed a special tax to support a free public library. In 1904, Andrew Carnegie gave $10,000 for a new library; he gave another $6,000 to rebuild it after it was destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. In 1959, the Schaberg Branch Library opened, funded by a bequest in the will of Hannah Schaberg, widow of former County Clerk Herman W. Schaberg. The Redwood Shores Branch Library was completed and opened to the public in 2008.


title: Redwood City, California

text: U.S. Route 101 passes through Redwood City as it goes along the Peninsula. Other major thoroughfares include El Camino Real, Route 82; Woodside Rd, Route 84, and I-280, which passes west of the city. Redwood City has a stop on Caltrain, and local bus service is provided by SamTrans.


title: Redwood City, California

text: Redwood City's slogan, emblazoned on arches across Broadway at the east and west entrances to downtown, is "Climate Best By Government Test". This is based on a climatological survey conducted by the United States and German governments prior to World War I. The area centered on Redwood City tied for the world's best climate with the Canary Islands and North Africa's Mediterranean Coast. The local paper had a contest for a city slogan to attract new residents and Wilbur Doxsee entered "By Government Test, Our Climate is Best" which won the $10 prize money in 1925.


title: Redwood City, California

text: Redwood City's Independence Day parade sponsored by the Peninsula Celebration Association, held continuously since 1939, has been billed variously as 'The largest Independence Day Parade in California', 'West of the Mississippi', or 'in North America', claims which may or may not be accurate. The first verifiable written records of celebrations date to 1861, and 1887 for a parade.


title: Redwood City, California

text: Ampex, Avangate, BigBand Networks, BroadVision, Crystal Dynamics, DPR Construction, Electronic Arts, GoFundMe, Informatica, iPass Inc., Jivox, Openwave, Oracle, Shutterfly, Support.com, Evernote, Equinix, i2c Inc, YuMe, and iCracked are based in Redwood City.


title: Redwood City, California

text: Additionally, All Nippon Airways operates an office in Suite 350 at 555 Twin Dolphin Drive in Redwood City. Until 1999 Sega operated its United States headquarters in Redwood City; during that year the headquarters moved to San Francisco. The 3DO Company, when it existed, had its headquarters in Redwood City. In addition to large tech companies, there is also a vibrant small business community in the town.


title: Redwood City, California

text: Cargill has operated salt ponds in Redwood City, and has proposed development of the ponds, resulting in demands for restoration of some of the land. The plans are currently stalled.


title: Georgia's 14th congressional district

text: Georgia's 14th congressional district was created following the 2010 Census, when Georgia gained a 14th seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. The district is represented by Republican Marjorie Taylor Greene.


title: Georgia's 14th congressional district

text: The district is in northwest Georgia and includes the cities of Rome, Calhoun and Dalton. The congressional district includes the following counties in northwest Georgia: After the 2020 census, the congressional map was altered to remove Haralson County and Pickens County and add the western portion of Cobb County.


title: Georgia's 14th congressional district

text: The three northernmost counties in the district are part of the Chattanooga, Tennessee metropolitan area and television market, with the central and southern portions reckoned as exurbs of Atlanta.


title: Georgia's 14th congressional district

text: District established from portions of the old 9th and 11th districts following the 112th Congress, based on the 2010 census.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Guus Hiddink (; born 8 November 1946) is a Dutch former football manager and professional player. He enjoyed a long career playing as a midfielder in his native Netherlands. Retired as player in 1982, Hiddink went into management, leading both clubs and countries from across the globe to achieve various titles and feats. With PSV Eindhoven he won the European Champions Cup, the predecessor of the UEFA Champions League.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink was born in Varsseveld and started his career as a player in the youth side of amateur club SC Varsseveld. He turned professional after signing on for Dutch club De Graafschap in 1967. Hiddink played at the Doetinchem club under manager Piet de Visser. In 1973, Hiddink and manager de Visser earned promotion to the Eredivisie, the top league in Dutch football. Ever since, the careers of the two Dutchmen have intersected: De Visser scouted numerous South American players, such as PSV players Ronaldo, Romário (who played under Hiddink at PSV from 1988 until 1990) and former Chelsea defender Alex, for Hiddink's PSV. Also, De Visser, in his role as personal advisor to Roman Abramovich, was influential in bringing Hiddink to the Russia national team and more recently to Chelsea as caretaker manager following the dismissal of Brazilian Luiz Felipe Scolari. He spent most of his playing career at De Graafschap, including three years under de Visser, and remains a fan of the club. He joined PSV in 1970, but after failing to win a permanent position in the team, he rejoined De Graafschap after just one year and remained there until 1977. In 1981, he rejoined De Graafschap and retired a year later. He generally played as a midfielder during his playing days.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Having honed his coaching skills as an assistant manager, Hiddink took over the managerial role at PSV Eindhoven in March 1987 after also holding the assistant manager position for the club from 1983 to March 1987. Hiddink took over in March 1987, whilst the team was trailing by three points behind Ajax with ten matches remaining in the league. PSV, however, managed to win the championship six points ahead of Ajax.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: It was at PSV where he led the team to its first ever European Cup triumph in 1988 (and The Treble), affirming the Eindhoven club's ranking as one of the three giants of Dutch football, alongside rivals Ajax and Feyenoord. He also won three Eredivisie titles with the club in between 1987 and 1990. "Hiddink will never take all the credit for himself, he will also involve his staff in it. That adds to the strong sense of unity. Hiddink has final responsibility, but always shares it with the team around him. He is a real team player," said Berry van Aerle, who was coached by Hiddink in two separate periods with PSV.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Overall Hiddink's PSV side won three consecutive Eredivisie titles, three consecutive KNVB Cups and the European Cup in the historic Treble-winning season of 1987–88.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink also had a coaching stint at Turkish club Fenerbahçe in 1990, but was dismissed after one year, later joining Spanish giants Valencia.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink faced his biggest managerial challenge when he took over the reins of the Netherlands national team on 1 January 1995, where he took charge of a team of talented individuals continually racked by internal arguments and disputes. His usual 4–4–2 tactic of deploying wingers backed-up by central midfielders resulted in goals from defensive midfielders such as Philip Cocu and Edgar Davids. Hiddink took a firm approach to the team, an example of which was demonstrated at UEFA Euro 1996 when Edgar Davids was sent home after an argument with Hiddink.The team finished in the quarter-finals during UEFA Euro 1996.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: He was able to prevent further internal conflict in the 1998 FIFA World Cup where his team played some of the more entertaining football in that tournament. The team beat Argentina in the quarter-finals 2–1, then suffered a defeat at the hands of Brazil on penalties in the semi-final -- later finishing fourth. This loss signalled an end of another era for Hiddink, as he resigned as Netherlands national coach soon after, where he was then appointed manager of Spanish giants Real Madrid.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink became manager of Spanish La Liga side Real Madrid in the summer of 1998, replacing Jupp Heynckes, but poor league form and off-pitch remarks about the board and finances of the club prompted his termination in February 1999.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink then took over the reins at Spanish club Real Betis in 2000 for the rest of the season. His time at Real Betis ended badly, with Hiddink being sacked by May 2000.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: In the summer of 2000, rumours were rife over his future, with Scottish club Celtic among the clubs named as a potential destination. The temptation to manage another World Cup-bound international team proved irresistible to him, however, as he agreed to coach the South Korea national team on 1 January 2001.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink became manager of South Korea in January 2001. Success did not come easily with a team that had appeared in five-straight World Cups but had yet to win a single match. South Korea was one of the host nations for the 2002 FIFA World Cup tournament, along with Japan. There was an expectation that the hosts would progress to the second round of the tournament and it was clearly expressed that Hiddink's team was expected to perform to that standard as well.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink's first year in charge was not met with favourable reviews from the South Korean press, as he was often spotted together with his girlfriend when some felt he should instead have been taking charge of the team. After a 2–1 loss to the United States Gold Cup team in January 2002, he was criticized again for not taking his job seriously. Nevertheless, the team he assembled was a cohesive unit. However, Hiddink began focusing on physical fitness for players during training in preparation for the World Cup later that year.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: In the World Cup itself, the South Korea team achieved its first ever victory in the first stage (2–0, against Poland), and after a 1–1 draw with the U.S. and a further 1–0 victory against heavily favoured Portugal, the South Korea team qualified for the second round.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Their second round opponents were Italy, who they defeated 2–1 on the golden goal rule. The Korean public then began to dream of a semi-final berth, a dream that was realized after defeating Spain on penalties in the quarter-final. This surpassed the record of their North Korean counterparts 36 years before, who had beaten Italy to reach the quarter-finals.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: The South Korea team's run was halted by Germany, managed by Rudi Völler, in the semi-finals. As with the Netherlands team four years before in France, Hiddink led his team into fourth place after a 3–2 defeat to Turkey in the third-place playoff.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Prior to the tournament, football pundits and fans alike never expected this level of success. Many in South Korea were overjoyed when the country reached the semi-finals of the 2002 World Cup. Hiddink became the first-ever person to be given honorary South Korean citizenship. In addition, other rewards soon followed — a private villa in Jeju-do island; free flights for life with Korean Air and Asiana Airlines, free taxi rides, among others. The World Cup stadium in Gwangju, where South Korea qualified for the semi-finals, was renamed Guus Hiddink Stadium in his honour shortly after the tournament. His hometown, where a "Guuseum" was set up, became a popular stopover for South Koreans visiting the Netherlands. The "Guuseum" is a "museum" established by his relatives, in Varsseveld, to honor Hiddink.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink chose to return to his native country and took over the coaching duties at PSV Eindhoven in 2002. During his second spell with PSV, Hiddink won three Dutch league titles (2002–03, 2004–05, and 2005–06), the 2005 Dutch Cup and the 2003 Dutch Super Cup. In Europe, the 2004–05 Champions League led to PSV's first ever appearance in the semi-final of the tournament since it adopted its current format in 1992–93 (PSV won the European Cup, the predecessor to the modern Champions League, in 1988, with Hiddink as coach). PSV narrowly lost the semi-final to Milan, on away goals.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: In the 2005–06 Champions League season, PSV made it through the group stage, but was eliminated in the first knockout round, having lost five of its starting 11 (Park Ji-sung to Manchester United, Lee Young-pyo to Tottenham Hotspur, Mark van Bommel to Barcelona, Johann Vogel to Milan and Wilfred Bouma to Aston Villa) to transfers. This period at PSV made Hiddink the most successful Dutch coach in history, with six Dutch League titles and four Dutch Cups, surpassing the record of Rinus Michels. Hiddink left the club in June 2006.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: On 22 July 2005, Hiddink became manager of the Australia national team. He announced he would manage both PSV and Australia at the same time.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: In the play-offs held with Uruguay in Montevideo on 12 November and in Sydney on 16 November 2005, both home teams won 1–0. Australia went on to win 4–2 on penalties — the first time Australia had qualified for the finals in 32 years, and the first time that any team had qualified through winning a penalty shoot-out.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink was a popular figure in Australia and was referred to affectionately as "Aussie Guus." A telling example of the public affection for him was the Socceroo fans chant of "Goooooooooooos!" during moments of play. Slogans for the Socceroos' 2006 World Cup campaign were "No Guus, No Glory," "Guus for P.M." and "In Guus We Trust," as well as the play on words of the famous taunt "Guus your Daddy?". During the World Cup, a Sydney newspaper started a humorous campaign to lure him away from Russia by proposing a national "Guus tax" to pay his wages. More seriously, his reputation was enhanced by his transformation of the national side, with pundits focusing on the improvement to Australia's defence. He is credited with turning a team which conceded many goals under Frank Farina into a solid defensive unit which only conceded one goal away from home to both Uruguay and the Netherlands. Hiddink's assistants at Australia were Dutch legend Johan Neeskens and former Australia international Graham Arnold.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: The Socceroos defeated Japan 3–1 during their first game in the 2006 World Cup final stages, with Tim Cahill scoring two goals (84', 89') and John Aloisi scoring one (92') all in the last eight minutes to claim their first World Cup goals and victory ever. An early controversial call by the Egyptian referee that awarded a goal to the Japanese team, despite an apparent foul to Australia goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer, had the Australians playing catch up until the last eight minutes. After scoring the first goal, Cahill was lucky to get away with a potential foul when he tripped Japan's Yūichi Komano, who had dribbled into the Australian penalty area. The referee missed the incident, and Cahill then broke to score the second on the counter. FIFA's spokesman for refereeing Andreas Werz said that while Japan's first goal was irregular, Egyptian referee Essam Abdel Fatah should also have given Japan a penalty.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Australia followed the match against Japan with a 2–0 loss to Brazil, leaving the Socceroos needed at least a draw against Croatia in their last group match to qualify for the knockout stages for the first time in its history. After a match fraught with controversy and erroneous decisions from referee Graham Poll, including an unprecedented three yellow cards given to the same Croatian player, ironically the Australian-born Josip Šimunić, the game ended 2–2, and the Socceroos had their draw thanks to a goal from Harry Kewell to level the game with minutes to spare.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: In the second round, Italy beat Australia 1–0. After controversially sending off Italian defender Marco Materazzi in the 55th minute, Spanish referee Luis Medina Cantalejo awarded Italy's Fabio Grosso a controversial penalty kick eight seconds from the end of normal time, which was converted by Francesco Totti. This put Australia out of the World Cup, marking the official end of Hiddink's tenure as Australia's national coach.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: On 10 April 2006, Hiddink announced on Dutch television that he would take over as manager of the Russia national team. He signed a two-year contract in April 2006 worth €2 million a year. His duties for Russia started after managing Australia during the 2006 World Cup.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Russia's Euro 2008 qualification hopes came into question after a 2–1 loss to Israel. However, after a win against Andorra, and England losing out to Croatia on the last match day, Russia and Hiddink secured qualification for the final stages of Euro 2008. At the tournament, the Russians managed to reach the semi-finals with victories against the Netherlands in the quarter-finals and defending champions Greece in the group stage.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Piet de Visser, a former head scout of Hiddink's club PSV and now a personal assistant to Roman Abramovich at Chelsea, recommended Hiddink to the Chelsea owner, following the departure of Avram Grant at the end of the 2007–08 Premier League season. In March 2008, however, Hiddink had already chosen to exercise the two-year extension with Russia, keeping him in the national team's head coaching role until 2010.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: In November 2009, Russia was defeated by Slovenia in a 2010 World Cup qualifying play-off, casting doubt on future ambitions. On 13 February 2010, it was confirmed that Hiddink would leave the position when his contract expired on 30 June.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: After the sacking of Chelsea's manager, the Brazilian Luiz Felipe Scolari, during the 2008–09 Premier League season, Chelsea confirmed on 11 February 2009 that Hiddink would become Scolari's replacement until the end of the season, whilst continuing his duties with Russia. Hiddink's first game in charge was a 1–0 away victory against Aston Villa at Villa Park. His first game in charge at Stamford Bridge was a 1–0 victory over Juventus in the Champions League knockout stage. Success continued in the form of a 3–1 away victory against Liverpool—commentators stated that Hiddink had rejuvenated Chelsea following Scolari's departure. After knocking Liverpool out of the competition, Hiddink went on to take Chelsea to the semi-finals of the Champions League, where the club was eliminated on the away goals rule to eventual winners Barcelona; a 93rd minute Barça goal in a 1–1 controversial draw at Stamford Bridge, preceded by a 0–0 at Camp Nou, sealed Chelsea's fate.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink only lost once during his tenure as Chelsea manager, a 1–0 loss to Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane, where Luka Modrić scored the only goal of the match. As it turned out, even winning every league game in charge would not have been enough to see Hiddink secure the Premier League title. In the final home game of the season, in which Chelsea beat Blackburn Rovers 2–0, Chelsea home fans chanted Hiddink's name throughout the match and called for Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich to "sign him up" on a permanent basis. Hiddink's highly positive reception highlighted the Chelsea fans' appreciation of the manager. He marked an end to his Premier League campaign with a thrilling 3–2 away win over Sunderland.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: In his last game as interim coach of Chelsea, he won the 2009 FA Cup by beating Everton 2–1 at Wembley.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: He was visibly pleased at winning the Cup, and in subsequent interviews claimed it was one of his biggest achievements. Even though throughout his tenure at Chelsea various players asked him to stay, including captain John Terry, Michael Ballack and Petr Čech, Hiddink always stated that he intended to return to his post with Russia. As a parting gift, the Chelsea players gave him an engraved watch and a shirt signed by all of the players.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: On 16 February 2010, Turkish Football Federation President Mahmut Özgener and Hiddink held talks in Amsterdam. Hiddink agreed to coach the Turkey national team after his contract with Russia expired on 30 June 2010. His contract with Turkey began on 1 August 2010, and his staff included assistant manager Oğuz Çetin and goalkeeping coach Engin İpekoğlu.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: On 11 August 2010, Turkey defeated Romania 2–0 in an international friendly in Istanbul. Emre Belözoğlu gave Turkey the lead in the 82nd minute after converting a spot kick, followed by Arda Turan doubling the scoreline after netting from 30 yards out. During his spell as head coach, Hiddink was repeatedly criticized by the media for the size of his salary, for not basing himself in Turkey and intermittently visiting the country for games and preparation camps, and for the alleged fact that he failed to grasp the emotional character of the players and forced them into a cold, rational and overly systematic playing mentality. He resigned after Turkey failed to qualify for Euro 2012 when they lost to Croatia 3–0 aggregate in the playoffs.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: On 17 February 2012, Hiddink agreed an 18-month deal to manage Russian club Anzhi Makhachkala, his first permanent club post in six years. In his second season, he led the team to the bronze medal in the Russian Premier League, and Anzhi made it to the round of 16 of the UEFA Europa League for the first time. In the quarter-finals of the same competition, having gone down to ten men 55 minutes into the second leg against Newcastle United, Anzhi came close to going through when Mbark Boussoufa's free kick hit the post before Papiss Cissé headed home the winner in the last seconds of the tie, meaning the Magpies won 1–0 on aggregate. This was the second time that the English side have knocked out a team managed by Hiddink in the competition, having beaten his PSV side 3–2 on aggregate in the quarter-finals of the 2003–04 season. He announced his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season on 28 November 2012, but later changed his mind.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: On 11 June 2013, Hiddink decided to extend his contract by one more year at Anzhi. Just two games into the 2013–14 Russian Premier League season after a 2–1 defeat at Dynamo Moscow, however, he unexpectedly resigned on 22 July 2013. He said he left because he completed his mission, which he said was to develop Anzhi in a way that it could progress without him.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: On 28 March 2014, it was announced that Hiddink would return to manage the Dutch national team after Louis van Gaal would step down following the 2014 World Cup. Hiddink agreed to manage the team up to UEFA Euro 2016, with Danny Blind and Ruud van Nistelrooy assisting him and Blind to eventually replace him. His second spell in charge of the team began with a 2–0 defeat to Italy in a friendly on 4 September 2014, with both goals conceded and a red card received within the first ten minutes of the match. Five days later, the Dutch began their UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying campaign with a 2–1 defeat away to the Czech Republic, a 3–1 victory against Kazakhstan and a 2–0 defeat in the hands of Iceland a month later.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: The 2015 calendar year began in March with a match against Turkey, ending in a 1–1 draw. On 29 June 2015, Hiddink left his position. Two days later, he was succeeded by his assistant, Danny Blind. It was unknown for a long time whether Hiddink was fired or left his position voluntarily, but on 21 November 2015, he said, whilst on vacation in France, that he was fired from the post.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: On 19 December 2015, Hiddink was appointed first-team manager of English side Chelsea until the end of the 2015–16 season, following the dismissal of José Mourinho; he joined the club in the same capacity he did back in 2009. After being made interim manager, Hiddink spoke, saying he was "excited to return to Stamford Bridge" and "I am looking forward to working with the players and staff at this great club and especially renewing my wonderful relationship with the Chelsea fans." After the home draw against Stoke City, Hiddink set a new record for the longest unbeaten streak as a new manager in the Premier League with 12 games unbeaten.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Chelsea ended the season in tenth place in the Premier League, climbing six positions from 16th upon Hiddink's arrival.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: On 10 September 2018, Hiddink took over the China under-21 national team but was fired in September 2019 after a string of disappointing results, culminating with a 2–0 defeat against Vietnam under-22 men's team. The coach of the Vietnamese team coincidentally was Park Hang-seo, assistant coach of South Korea's national team in the 2002 World Cup under Hiddink.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: After failing to lead the nation to 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification, Hiddink contracted COVID-19 in 2021, prompting Patrick Kluivert to step in as interim manager of the team. On 9 September 2021, Hiddink officially stepped down as head coach of Curaçao and announced his managerial retirement at the age of 74.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: Hiddink came out of retirement to assist his former Socceroos assistant, Graham Arnold, for Australia's two-match friendly series against New Zealand, as regular assistant coach René Meulensteen was scouting the Socceroos' Qatar 2022 opponents in Europe.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: The temporary arrangement formed part of the Socceroos' centenary celebrations. Hiddink was on the Australian bench for their 1-0 win in Brisbane on September 22, 2022, and in Auckland three days later.


title: Guus Hiddink

text: In February 2007, Hiddink was given a six-month suspended jail sentence and fined €45,000 after being found guilty of tax evasion by a Dutch court. Prosecutors had demanded a ten-month prison sentence for Hiddink, who was accused of evading €1.4 million in Dutch taxes by claiming to be a resident of Belgium from 2002 to 2003. The Dutch Tax Intelligence and Detection Service claimed that he had not spent enough nights at his Belgian house which he had stated was his primary address. Hiddink denied this accusation.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: Crime Patrol is an Indian crime anthology series created by Subramanian S.lyer for Sony Entertainment Television India and Sony Entertainment Television Asia. The first season was created by Cinevistaas Limited and directed by Anshuman Kishore Singh, while later seasons were created by Optimystix Entertainment. The series is set in Mumbai, India. The first and second seasons' episodes are 30 minutes long, while the subsequent seasons' episodes are 40 minutes long.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: The series, which premiered on May 9, 2003, is the longest-running reality crime television series in India. The series is in its fifth season which premiered on July 15, 2019. In 2021, the show won the Milestone Achievement Award at the 20th Indian Television Academy Awards (ITA Awards).


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: The series presents dramatized versions of crime cases that occurred in India. Series anchor, Anup Soni, suggests the correct measures to avert crimes while narrating real-life stories revolving around harassment, kidnapping, and murder. The series opens its viewers’ minds with these cases by making them aware of the crime around them.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: Since June 2015, "Crime Patrol" has not only focused on creating awareness about crimes but has also aimed to help the victims depicted in the episodes.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: The first season was a weekly program airing on Friday nights, hosted by Diwakar Pundir, who later was replaced by Shakti Anand in late 2004. Nitesh Mishra was the casting director. Season one was immediately popular.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: Due to the popularity of the first season, Sony TV decided to bring back the series for a second season. The second season was aired from Monday to Thursday nights. Season 2 was presented by Anup Soni and Sakshi Tanwar. Unlike first season these season didn't perform well in TRP Ratings.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: The third season was broadcast on Friday and Saturday nights. These season soon went off-air due to low TRP ratings.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: The fourth season premiered four months after the third season ended as Crime Patrol Dastak. The season managed to gain better TRP ratings. The fourth season was initially aired on Friday and Saturday nights. From April 11, 2014, the series was aired three days a week from Friday to Sunday nights. The series was given a new title Crime Patrol Satark (previously "Crime Patrol Dastak" until July 6, 2014). During the last quarter of 2017, Soni decided to exit the series citing that he wanted to focus on his acting career in films. "I requested makers that I would like to focus on films and they were ok with it. They wanted me to complete my contract that ended this March–April", said Soni. After Anup Soni, Sanjeev Tyagi replaced him until he joined again.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: The fifth season premiered on July 15, 2019, and airs on Monday–Friday nights. Anup Soni returned to host the series 15 months after leaving the show. After some time, Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya hosted the show, then Sonali Kulkarni followed by Ashutosh Rana became presenter of the show. In December it was announced that the show would be halting for three months but may return afterwards.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: The sixth season titled Crime Patrol 2.0 premiered on March 7, 2022, and airs on Monday–Friday nights. This season got low TRP ratings due to its format, so later the show returned to its original old format with old actors like Sanjeev Tyagi, Nissar Khan etc. Sanjeev Tyagi returned to the show in May 2022.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: A spin-off series "Crime Patrol Dial 100" premiered on October 26, 2015, aired on Monday–Thursday nights, and was produced by different production companies. It ended on July 12, 2019.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: Bhartiya Stree Shakti (Nagpur Wing), a non-governmental organisation, Information and Broadcasting Ministry of India intervened and asked Sony Entertainment Television not to telecast a program about the Delhi gang-rape case. But on 10 September 2013, the show was given permission to present the 2012 Delhi gang rape case on their show, and subsequently the promos of the episode were also aired. The episode was aired in a two-episode part on September 21, 2013, and September 22, 2013. And in this episode head police inspector's role was played by Sanjeev Tyagi.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: Sony TV was to air episodes based on Om Prakash Chautala teacher recruitment scam in the show. On 22 February 2013 Delhi High Court restrained Sony TV from telecasting the related episodes until 4 April 2013, upon the appeal by Chautala and others as the case was still in court and there was a possibility of bias of the show on the case. On 2 March 2013, show was given clearance by High Court. However, clearance was challenged in Supreme Court and on 6 March 2013, the episodes of this case were again put on hold. On 3 May 2013, the Supreme Court allowed Sony TV to telecast episodes as the trial was complete and judgment of conviction and sentence are in public domain.


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: "Crime Patrol" generally receives positive reviews from critics. Riptide Malhotra of "India TV" stated, "The popularity of Crime Patrol is quite high that airs on Sony on weekends. The show is so popular that it keeps people awake until late at night to watch the latest episodes. This show is not just a show that airs crime stories but is a true depiction of real-life happenings presented in a dramatized form."


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: Riptide Malhotra of "India TV" gave the series 4/5 stars and further stated, "The show is presented in such a way that will not threaten you but will make you conscious enough with that extra punch and appeal. Overall, to make the show convincing is the major responsibility of the host."


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: In 2011, it was one of the most watched Hindi GEC maintaining its position in top 20 averaging 3+ TVR. The Baby Falak Case sequence aired during February 2012 made the series the most watched Hindi GEG program with 6.78 TVR. The following week after it, the series maintained its top position with 5.27 TVR. gmil


title: Crime Patrol (TV series)

text: The series has won Star Guild Awards for Best Non-Fiction Series in 2013. The series has also won Indian Telly Awards for Best Thriller Programme in 2012 and 2013. Subramanian S Iyer and Amit Jha (directors) won Indian Telly Jury Award for Best Director (thriller/crime/horror) in 2012, while Durgesh Pesharwar and Shailendra were nominated. Jevan Jena and Subramanian S Iyer were also nominated for the same category of the same award in 2013. Subramanian S Iyer was nominated for Best Screenplay Writer (drama series & soap) of Indian Telly Jury Awards in 2012, while won in 2013. Charudutt Acharya won Indian Telly Jury Award for Best Dialogue Writer (drama series & soap) in 2013. The series was nominated for Best Weekly Serial of Indian Telly Awards in 2012 and 2013 and for Best Thriller / Horror Serial of Indian Television Academy Awards in 2014. In February 2021, the series won the Milestone Achievement Award at the 20th Indian Television Academy Awards (ITA Awards).


title: Gandii Baat

text: Gandii Baat (literally: "Dirty Talk") is an Indian adult comedy web series directed by Sachin Mohite for ALTBalaji. Now this series has been removed from the ZEE5 and MX Player because of the adult content, since Indian government released new OTT Platform Rules. Last Season of the web series was premiered on 21 January 2021.


title: Heather Dubrow

text: Heather Paige Dubrow (née Kent; born January 5, 1969) is an American actress and television personality. Heather portrayed Lydia DeLucca in the television series "That's Life" in 2000 and starred on the reality television series "The Real Housewives of Orange County" from 2012 to 2016, rejoining in 2021.


title: Heather Dubrow

text: Dubrow was born in the Bronx and grew up in Chappaqua, New York. She is a fifth-generation American of Jewish ancestry (from Germany, Hungary, and Poland). In 1990, she received a BFA, a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree from Syracuse University.


title: Heather Dubrow

text: Heather joined "The Real Housewives of Orange County" in Season 7 and left the series after Season 11. Dubrow rejoined the cast in 2021 for its 16th season, and is returning for the show’s upcoming 17th season.


title: Heather Dubrow

text: In June 2020, it was announced Dubrow alongside her husband Terry, would host and executive produce "The Seven Year Stitch" for E!.


title: Heather Dubrow

text: In 1999, Dubrow married plastic surgeon Terry Dubrow. They reside in Orange County, California and have four children: twins Nicholas and Maximillia, and daughters Katarina and Collette. In March 2022, Dubrow got matching finger tattoos with her two oldest children, twins Max and Nick.


title: Heather Dubrow

text: "Dr. and Mrs. Guinea Pig Present The Only Guide You'll Ever Need to the Best Anti-Aging Treatments". Ghost Mountain Books. ISBN 1939457556 (2016)


title: Heather Dubrow

text: "The Dubrow Diet: Interval Eating to Lose Weight and Feel Ageless". Ghost Mountain Books. ISBN 978-1939457714 (2018)


title: Heather Dubrow

text: "The Dubrow Keto Fusion Diet: The Ultimate Plan for Interval Eating and Sustainable Fat Burning." William Morrow Books. ISBN 0062984322 (2020)


title: Chicharrón

text: , as a dish with sauce, or as finger-food snacks, are popular in Andalusia and Canarias in Spain, Latin America and other places with Spanish influence including the Southwestern United States. It is part of the traditional cuisines of Bolivia, Brazil, Portugal (where it is called ), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guam, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Belize and others. The singular form of the term or a variant of it is also used as a mass noun in Filipino and Tagalog, in which stand-alone plurals do not exist. are usually made from various cuts of pork but sometimes with mutton, chicken or other meats. In some places they are made from pork ribs with skin attached and other meatier cuts rather than just rinds.


title: Chicharrón

text: The pork rind variant is the skin of the pork after it has been seasoned and deep fried often to a crispy, puffy state. Other styles may be fatty or meaty, not fried as much, and sometimes attached to ribs or other bones. In Mexico, they are eaten in a taco or with . Serving styles vary widely, including main course, side dish, filling for tortillas and other bread, the meat portion of stews, and as finger-food snacks.


title: Chicharrón

text: In Belize, "chicharrón" can be served with "escabeche" (onion soup). Chicharron in Belize also made from beef skin other than pork skin.


title: Chicharrón

text: In Brazil, it is known as "torresmo". The dish may be seasoned with garlic, pepper, and/or other spices. It is cooked in its own fat or oil; the finished product is typically complemented with a wedge of lime.


title: Chicharrón

text: is made of pork ribs seasoned with garlic, oregano and lemon. It is boiled then cooked in its own fat, adding beer or to the pot for more flavor. Pork chicharrón is normally served only on Sundays and is eaten with , a tomato salsa, and , a type of corn (maize). There are other variations of chicharrón made with chicken and fish.


title: Chicharrón

text: is a traditional Quebec dish consisting of deep-fried salted fatback. It is generally served in "cabanes à sucre" (sugar shacks) in spring time, as a "palate cleanser" between maple syrup-laden foods.


title: Chicharrón

text: is made from deep-fried pig skin with meat attached, but it can also be made from chicken skin. In the Caribbean coast, it is eaten along with , or boiled yuca at breakfast at home or at any time of the day at restaurants. It is eaten chopped as a stuffing in . In Córdoba, it is also prepared in . It is also part of , a typical dish of Antioquia.


title: Chicharrón

text: are made by frying pork (usually ribs) in fat, and are associated with several dishes. Most Costa Ricans eat them with or lime juice and fried yuca, accompanied by tortillas. They are also a main ingredient in a popular dish called , which also combines red beans, rice, and .


title: Chicharrón

text: is usually eaten with tostones. It is prepared by washing and drying pork and cutting it into small pieces, which are seasoned with a mix of lemon juice and salt.


title: Chicharrón

text: is eaten with tortillas, lime, guacamole, and Moronga. Sometimes served with Pico de Gallo or Chirmol salsa. Also known as in Guatemala, these refer to a meatier part of the pork rind. Where a is, strictly speaking, skin and fat, denotes skin with some meat as well. (In other places, "carnitas" generally refers to fried pork meat without skin or a stew-like dish made from it.)


title: Chicharrón

text: Besides made from pig skin and fat, snack-food companies Barcel and Sabritas have commercialized vegetarian versions (primarily made of puffed cornmeal batter) with chile and lemon flavorings since the 1980s. are also distributed by many salty snack companies in Mexico, sold in supermarkets, and made and sold by markets, , and street vendors. ( wrapped in a tortilla with some avocado, creamy cheese (such as , , or ), and sometimes, hot sauce) are popular as snacks, appetizers, or a main dish. Popular dishes that make use of as a main ingredient include and . North Mexico is made with fried pork belly (and have more meat, than the south Mexico), is more based on Spanish torreznos.


title: Chicharrón

text: Similar to the Mexican chicharron, its use in New Mexican cuisine is most commonly in bean burritos with chopped New Mexico chile. It is colloquially prepared by frying in a disco, a Wok-like pan made from a repurposed tractor disc blade.


title: Chicharrón

text: in Perú is made using what is called "country-style pork rib" in the United States. The rind (skin and attached fat) is not used at all; instead, the meat is boiled with seasonings and spices until no water remains and then fried in its own fat. It is often served as a breakfast or brunch food on a baguette with a relish made of red onion and lime juice. can be eaten as an appetizer or snack, and the chicken variant can taste like fried chicken found in the United States. Sides include a kind of red onion relish, fried yuca, and other regional variants. can also be prepared with fish rather than pork.


title: Chicharrón

text: , less commonly spelled , is ubiquitous, as it is a well-loved snack, and may be bought anywhere, from large supermarket chains to small neighborhood stores and street vendors. It is popular as or tapas food to be eaten while consuming alcoholic beverages. It is also used as a topping on many native vegetable and noodle dishes. Pork is prepared by deep-frying dried pork rind with a little salt. It may be dipped in coconut vinegar spiced with soy sauce, chopped garlic and chili peppers, or eaten with other condiments like anchovies, gravy sauce, or papaya salad.


title: Chicharrón

text: Aside from pork rind, chicken skin may also be made into , whereas —literally 'flower chicharrón', named for its distinctive shape—is made from pig offal.


title: Chicharrón

text: Tuna-skin is marketed as a healthier variation. In Cagayan, water buffalo hide is used to make ""carabao chicharon"".


title: Chicharrón

text: A distinct variant of "chicharon" involves cooking pork loin and meat in the same way, becoming "bagnet". While similar and dissimilar to crispy pata, it is more popular as a meal than finger food, and has found its way to contemporary dishes and restaurants. Bagnet originates from Ilocos where it has been served since the 1960s.


title: Chicharrón

text: is a popular dish in which green plantains, cassava, or breadfruit are fried then mashed with and other ingredients. is found in Puerto Rican , using a pork chop () with rib, fat, and skin still attached, then marinated. is deep-fried, forming of crispy skin attached to the rib and pork-chop meat. The city of Bayamón – nicknamed the "city of " – is famous for the produced locally, as is the Guavate barrio in the city of Cayey. is a popular ingredient in Puerto Rican rice with added sofrito, pigeon peas, spices and other ingredients. "Rusiao de yuca" like pasteles are made from grated cassava that has been dehydrated, toasted, then notably rehydrate with coconut milk into masa and seasoned with anise, mashed or finely chopped "chicharrón", oregano among other ingredients. They are then wrapped in banana leaf and grilled.


title: Chicharrón

text: US-style pork rinds are usually made from pig skin and fat without meat. They are commonly seasoned and sold in plastic bags, like corn and potato chips as a "junk food" item. Some brands in the Southwest use the Spanish term , and Mexican-style dishes are available in many Mexican and Southwestern restaurants in the region. In the Deep South, traditional home-cooked pork rinds are called "cracklings" or (colloquially) "cracklins". They are made in a two-step process: the pork skin is first rendered and dried, and then fried and puffed. In New Mexico, the term is often taken to mean just fried pork fat, sometimes with incidental bits of lean meat.


title: Chicharrón

text: "Chicharrones" are a byproduct of tallow making in Uruguay. Usually extracted from the softest fat of the cow located on the kidneys, this fat is known as "grasa de pella". The "pella" is heated until melt and the solid residue are the "chicharrones". "Chicharrones" are traditionally used as additive for a typical bread called "rosca de chicharrones".


title: Chicharrón

text: In central Venezuela, are eaten with and also commonly sold alongside main highways as snacks. The recipe usually produces crispy sizable portions of pork skin with the underlying meat. The type are also made with pork skin and marinated in vinegar instead of deep fried. They are eaten as a snack.


title: Chicharrón

text: Pork rind is also eaten in many other countries in forms unrelated to the tradition. For example, in Denmark, is pork skin deep-fried with or without a layer of fat. It is usually eaten as a snack, like crisps (chips) or popcorn. At Christmas-time it is also traditional to eat fried strips of pork belly the skin on, with or without meat in addition to fat.


title: Chicharrón

text: In the countryside in Greece, during Christmas time people prepare "tsigarídes" which is deep fried pork belly skin. In the United Kingdom Pork Rinds are called "pork scratchings". They are a popular snack sold in pubs and bars, packaged in small plastic bags like potato crisps.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: On November 7, 2018, a mass shooting occurred in Thousand Oaks, California, United States, at the Borderline Bar and Grill, a country-western bar frequented by college students. Thirteen people were killed, including the perpetrator, who died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound, and a police officer who was shot multiple times, with the fatal wound accidentally being fired by another officer. One other person sustained a gunshot wound, while fifteen others were injured by incidental causes.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: At 11:18p.m., a gunman, later identified as Ian David Long, entered the Borderline Bar and Grill and opened fire on the approximately 260 patrons and employees inside. At the time, the bar was hosting a regularly scheduled "College Country Night" event, and it was popular among students in the area, especially those from Pepperdine University, California Lutheran University, California State University Channel Islands, and Moorpark College. Long was armed with a legally purchased .45-caliber Glock 21 semi-automatic pistol with a Viridian X5L tactical weapon light and laser sight and seven banned high-capacity magazines, carrying a total of 190 rounds, along with a folding knife, ten smoke bombs, and two fireworks.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: Upon entering through the bar's front door, Long first killed the cashier nearby, then started shooting at the patrons. He fired a total of 61 rounds and threw smoke bombs. Many of the victims died in the first few minutes of the shooting while they were lying on the floor or trying to charge at Long. Witnesses described the gunman as a heavily tattooed white male dressed entirely in black. Some people shattered the bar's windows, allowing many to flee, while some others hid in an employee bathroom or the attic. During the shooting, Long answered a phone call made by the mother of a patron who escaped, and he also made several posts on Instagram expressing his thoughts.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: At 11:19p.m., two California Highway Patrol (CHP) officers on a traffic stop nearby were alerted to the shooting by people who had managed to escape. They arrived at the bar's parking lot a minute later and were joined by Ventura County Sheriff's Sgt. Ron Helus four minutes after that. The three officers ventured towards the building, with Helus and one of the CHP officers entering at 11:25p.m. A minute later, they came under fire from Long, who had been monitoring their movements through the nine security cameras visible on a monitor in the front office where he had been taking shelter. In the ensuing gunfight, Helus was shot five times by Long, who used a flashlight with a laser sight on his pistol in the large, darkened, smoke-filled room. Positioned between Long and the CHP officer, Helus was also accidentally struck by a bullet from the officer's rifle that went through his heart and fatally wounded him. Initially there was confusion and miscommunication as to whether there was an officer down. Responding Ventura County Sheriff's deputies, who were securing the perimeter, located and evacuated Helus outside the building 20 minutes after he had been shot. A SWAT team and other police officers arrived on the scene shortly afterwards.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: Long stopped his attack following the exchange of gunfire with police. At 11:37p.m., he lit a firework and threw it out of the bar's front office. Forty seconds later, he threw another firework out of the office. At 11:38 p.m., he committed suicide by shooting himself under the chin. Agents from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, and the Department of Homeland Security were deployed to further investigate the scene along with EMTs and paramedics from the Ventura County Fire Department and AMR to assist victims. Nineteen survivors were rescued from inside the bar in total.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: Nine men and three women died during the shooting. Seven were college students, and one other a recent graduate. The four others killed were 54-year-old Ventura County Sheriff's Sgt. Ron Helus; a 48-year-old bouncer; a 33-year-old Marine Corps veteran; and a 27-year-old Navy veteran who was at the 2017 Las Vegas shooting during the Route 91 Harvest music festival. They all died from multiple gunshots, and one victim was also stabbed in the neck.<ref name="CNN 2018/11/27"></ref> Ten of the civilians died inside the bar, while the eleventh died outside. Sixteen others were injured, with only one being injured by gunfire.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: Ventura County Sheriff Geoff Dean identified the gunman as 28-year-old Ian David Long. His gun was reportedly purchased legally. Long's parents separated and eventually divorced when he was two to three years old. His father died while he was still a child; according to a cousin, it was from cancer. He and his mother moved frequently due to the latter's job, but they eventually settled in nearby Newbury Park. While he previously lived with roommates in Reseda, Long was living with his mother at the time of the shooting. Long's friends said he had been at the bar with them, and some considered him a regular patron.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: Long attended Newbury Park High School for his junior and senior years, graduating in June 2008. He served in the United States Marine Corps from August 2008 to March 2013, reaching the rank of corporal, and he had gone to Afghanistan from November 2010 to June 2011. After being honorably discharged, Long attended California State University, Northridge as an athletic training major from 2013 to 2016, but he did not graduate. During this time, he had been involved in a motorcycle accident that left him with a collapsed lung; his motorcycle helmet was cracked, and he was diagnosed with "adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), combat and military operational stress reaction, and chronic pain." According to his mother, he had begun to "unravel" after the incident. Long had two prior contacts with the Ventura County Sheriff's Office, one in 2006 involving a traffic collision and the other in 2015 involving a bar fight; no charges were filed in either incident.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: Police and a mental health crisis team visited Long in 2017 for his irate and irrational behavior, but they decided not to detain him at a psychiatric facility. A high school teacher raised claims that Long had physically assaulted her as a student but she was encouraged not to push the incident so as to not endanger his future in the Marine Corps. In her statement, the teacher alleged that Long had issues long before his military service. Although he had served overseas in the military, behavioral scientist and clinical psychologist Lisa Jaycox said that it was premature to say whether Long suffered from PTSD or if it was a factor in the shooting.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: A 434-page report from the Ventura County Sheriff's Office was released in June 2021, which detailed the findings of the investigation into Long's actions and motivation. It concluded that Long had held a strong disdain for civilians and anyone not associated with any branch of the US military, and that he had suffered from PTSD from his time in the military. However, the Ventura sheriff stated that the investigation did not show with absolute certainty that a hatred of college students was the motive, instead it was more a working theory. The report had been compiled with information from interviews with eye witnesses, officers and deputies, and family, friends and acquaintances of Long and was a joint effort by Ventura County sheriff's detectives and FBI analysts. Investigators detailed several encounters that Long had with other students at California State University, Northridge, such as a time when another student told him that "anyone who joined the military deserved to be shot and killed overseas", potentially fueling his separation from and animosity towards other students.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: A separate 86-page report was released in March 2021 by the Ventura County Sheriff with thirty recommendations for the sheriff's department to improve their response to mass shootings. Earlier in the year, similar findings had been released by the Ventura County District Attorney's Office.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: Within 24 hours of the shooting, the Woolsey Fire forced the evacuation of many people in the area, including several survivors.<ref name="NPR 2018/12/15"></ref> The mother of a victim who died in the Thousand Oaks shooting after surviving the 2017 Las Vegas shooting called for gun control legislation from legislators. The only gun store in the town told reporters that there was an increase in individuals looking to purchase a weapon for protection on the day after the shooting.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: The Ventura County Board of Supervisors formed the Task Force on Mental Health & Safety in response to the shooting. Initially composed of key county officials, the ongoing task force looks for gaps in the systems that protect the public and that provide mental health care and makes recommendations on how to prevent and lessen the damage from mass shootings.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: In 2019, the owners of Borderline Bar & Grill said they planned to renovate and re-open the location. In 2020, they opened a different location in Agoura Hills, California, called BL Dancehall & Saloon.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: In 2022 the Ventura County Sheriff's Office released to its website multiple audio and video recordings from the shooting after being sued by "The Star" and other media organizations for access to the materials. In total the county released all recordings of police radio communication, ninety-four emergency calls, security footage from inside the bar and fourteen dashboard and body-camera videos from responding officers.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: On November 15, 2018, the funeral for Helus was held. Law enforcement officers, local and state leaders including California Governor Jerry Brown and Governor-Elect Gavin Newsom, as well as local citizens attended his funeral. A vigil at Calvary Community Church in nearby Westlake Village, for two of their congregation, was attended by around 500 mourners.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: Numerous national sports teams highlighted the victims and donated money to those affected by the shooting. Victims were provided with these donations immediately after the shooting. Each victim's family was provided with $20,000 for burial costs. After a third distribution in March 2019, a total of $3.6 million had been contributed by more than 25,000 people and through more than 200 fundraisers. The funds were distributed to the families of victims, those physically injured, and others present in the establishment. A local foundation received and distributed the funds in a cooperative effort without charging any administrative fees.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

text: The "Healing Garden" memorial at Conejo Creek Park was dedicated a year after the incident. In 2021 it was announced that twelve sculptures to represent the lives lost would be installed in the Civic Arts Plaza Park.


title: Crankshaft

text: A crankshaft is a mechanical component used by in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecting rods.


title: Crankshaft

text: The crankpins are also called "rod bearing journals", and they rotate within the "big end" of the connecting rods.


title: Crankshaft

text: Most modern crankshafts are located in the engine block. They are made from steel or cast iron, using either a forging, casting or machining process.


title: Crankshaft

text: The crankshaft located within the engine block, held in place via main bearings which allow the crankshaft to rotate within the block. The up-down motion of each piston is transferred to the crankshaft via connecting rods. A flywheel is often attached to one end of the crankshaft, in order to smoothen the power delivery and reduce vibration.


title: Crankshaft

text: A crankshaft is subjected to enormous stresses, in some cases more than per cylinder. Crankshafts for single-cylinder engines are usually a simpler design than for engines with multiple cylinders.


title: Crankshaft

text: The crankshaft is able to rotate in the engine block due to the 'main bearings'. Since the crankshaft is subject to large horizontal and torsional forces from each cylinder, these main bearings are located at various points along the crankshaft, rather than just one at each end. The number of main bearings is determined based on the overall load factor and the maximum engine speed. Crankshafts in diesel engines often use a main bearing between every cylinder and at both ends of the crankshaft, due to the high forces of combustion present.


title: Crankshaft

text: Flexing of the crankshaft was a factor in V8 engines replacing straight-eight engines in the 1950s; the long crankshafts of the latter suffered from an unacceptable amount of flex when engine designers began using higher compression ratios and higher engine speeds (RPM).


title: Crankshaft

text: The distance between the axis of the crankpins and the axis of the crankshaft determines the stroke length of the engine.


title: Crankshaft

text: Most modern car engines are classified as "over square" or short-stroke, wherein the stroke is less than the diameter of the cylinder bore. A common way to increase the low-RPM torque of an engine is to increase the stroke, sometimes known as "stroking" the engine. Historically, the trade-off for a long-stroke engine was a lower rev limit and increased vibration at high RPM, due to the increased piston velocity.


title: Crankshaft

text: When designing an engine, the crankshaft configuration is closely related to the engine's firing order.


title: Crankshaft

text: Most production V8 engines (such as the Ford Modular engine and the General Motors LS engine) use a cross-plane crank whereby the crank throws are spaced 90° apart. However, some high-performance V8 engines (such as the Ferrari 488) instead use a flat-plane crank, whereby the throws are spaced 180° apart, which essentially results in two inline-four engines sharing a common crankcase. Flat-plane engines are usually able to operate at higher RPM, however they have higher second-order vibrations, so they are better suited to racing car engines.


title: Crankshaft

text: For some engines it is necessary to provide counterweights for the reciprocating mass of the piston, conrods and crankshaft, in order to improve the engine balance. These counterweights are typically cast as part of the crankshaft but, occasionally, are bolt-on pieces.


title: Crankshaft

text: In some engines, the crankshaft contains direct links between adjacent crank pins, without the usual intermediate main bearing. These links are called "flying arms". This arrangement is sometimes used in V6 and V8 engines, in order to maintain an even firing interval while using different V angles, and to reduce the number of main bearings required. The downside of flying arms is that the rigidity of the crankshaft is reduced, which can cause problems at high RPM or high power outputs.


title: Crankshaft

text: In most engines, each connecting rod is attached a single crankshaft, which results in the angle of the connecting rod varying as the piston moves through its stroke. This variation in angle pushes the pistons against the cylinder wall, which causes friction between the piston and cylinder wall. To prevent this, some early engines - such as the 1900-1904 Lanchester Engine Company flat-twin engines - connected each piston to two crankshafts that are rotating in opposite directions. This arrangement cancels out the lateral forces and reduces the requirement for counterweights. This design is rarely used, however a similar principle applies to balance shafts, which are occasionally used.


title: Crankshaft

text: Crankshafts can be created from a steel bar using roll forging. Today, manufacturers tend to favour the use of forged crankshafts due to their lighter weight, more compact dimensions and better inherent damping. With forged crankshafts, vanadium micro-alloyed steels are mainly used as these steels can be air-cooled after reaching high strengths without additional heat treatment, except for the surface hardening of the bearing surfaces. The low alloy content also makes the material cheaper than high alloy steels. Carbon steels also require additional heat treatment to reach the desired properties.


title: Crankshaft

text: Another construction method is to cast the crankshaft from ductile. Cast iron crankshafts are today mostly found in cheaper production engines where the loads are lower.


title: Crankshaft

text: Crankshafts can also be machined from billet, often a bar of high quality vacuum remelted steel. Though the fiber flow (local inhomogeneities of the material's chemical composition generated during casting) does not follow the shape of the crankshaft (which is undesirable), this is usually not a problem since higher quality steels, which normally are difficult to forge, can be used. Per unit, these crankshafts tend to be very expensive due to the large amount of material that must be removed with lathes and milling machines, the high material cost, and the additional heat treatment required. However, since no expensive tooling is needed, this production method allows small production runs without high up-front costs.


title: Crankshaft

text: The earliest hand-operated cranks appeared in China during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD). They were used for silk-reeling, hemp-spinning, for the agricultural winnowing fan, in the water-powered flour-sifter, for hydraulic-powered metallurgic bellows, and in the well windlass. The rotary winnowing fan greatly increased the efficiency of separating grain from husks and stalks. However, the potential of the crank of converting circular motion into reciprocal motion never seems to have been fully realized in China, and the crank was typically absent from such machines until the turn of the 20th century.


title: Crankshaft

text: A crank in the form of an eccentrically-mounted handle of the rotary handmill appeared in 5th century BC Celtiberian Spain and ultimately spread across the Roman Empire. A Roman iron crank dating to the 2nd century AD was excavated in Augusta Raurica, Switzerland. The crank-operated Roman mill is dated to the late 2nd century.


title: Crankshaft

text: Evidence for the crank combined with a connecting rod appears in the Hierapolis mill, dating to the 3rd century; they are also found in stone sawmills in Roman Syria and Ephesus dating to the 6th century. The pediment of the Hierapolis mill shows a waterwheel fed by a mill race powering via a gear train two frame saws which cut blocks by the way of some kind of connecting rods and cranks. The crank and connecting rod mechanisms of the other two archaeologically-attested sawmills worked without a gear train. Water-powered marble saws in Germany were mentioned by the late 4th century poet Ausonius; about the same time, these mill types seem also to be indicated by Gregory of Nyssa from Anatolia.


title: Crankshaft

text: A rotary grindstone operated by a crank handle is shown in the Carolingian manuscript "Utrecht Psalter"; the pen drawing of around 830 goes back to a late antique original. Cranks used to turn wheels are also depicted or described in various works dating from the tenth to thirteenth centuries.


title: Crankshaft

text: The first depictions of the compound crank in the carpenter's brace appear between 1420 and 1430 in northern European artwork. The rapid adoption of the compound crank can be traced in the works of an unknown German engineer writing on the state of military technology during the Hussite Wars: first, the connecting-rod, applied to cranks, reappeared; second, double-compound cranks also began to be equipped with connecting-rods; and third, the flywheel was employed for these cranks to get them over the 'dead-spot'. The concept was much improved by the Italian engineer and writer Roberto Valturio in 1463, who devised a boat with five sets, where the parallel cranks are all joined to a single power source by one connecting-rod, an idea also taken up by his compatriot Italian painter Francesco di Giorgio.


title: Crankshaft

text: The crank had become common in Europe by the early 15th century, as seen in the works of the military engineer Konrad Kyeser (1366–after 1405). Devices depicted in Kyeser's "Bellifortis" include cranked windlasses for spanning siege crossbows, cranked chain of buckets for water-lifting and cranks fitted to a wheel of bells. Kyeser also equipped the Archimedes' screws for water-raising with a crank handle, an innovation which subsequently replaced the ancient practice of working the pipe by treading.


title: Crankshaft

text: Pisanello painted a piston-pump driven by a water-wheel and operated by two simple cranks and two connecting-rods.


title: Crankshaft

text: The 15th also century saw the introduction of cranked rack-and-pinion devices, called cranequins, which were fitted to the crossbow's stock as a means of exerting even more force while spanning the missile weapon. In the textile industry, cranked reels for winding skeins of yarn were introduced.


title: Crankshaft

text: The Italian physician Guido da Vigevano (c. 1280−1349), planning for a new crusade, made illustrations for a paddle boat and war carriages that were propelled by manually turned compound cranks and gear wheels, identified as an early crankshaft prototype by Lynn Townsend White. The "Luttrell Psalter", dating to around 1340, describes a grindstone which was rotated by two cranks, one at each end of its axle; the geared hand-mill, operated either with one or two cranks, appeared later in the 15th century.


title: Crankshaft

text: Around 1480, the early medieval rotary grindstone was improved with a treadle and crank mechanism. Cranks mounted on push-carts first appear in a German engraving of 1589. Crankshafts were also described by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) and a Dutch farmer and windmill owner by the name Cornelis Corneliszoon van Uitgeest in 1592. His wind-powered sawmill used a crankshaft to convert a windmill's circular motion into a back-and-forward motion powering the saw. Corneliszoon was granted a patent for his crankshaft in 1597.


title: Crankshaft

text: From the 16th century onwards, evidence of cranks and connecting rods integrated into machine design becomes abundant in the technological treatises of the period: Agostino Ramelli's "The Diverse and Artifactitious Machines" of 1588 depicts eighteen examples, a number that rises in the "Theatrum Machinarum Novum" by Georg Andreas Böckler to 45 different machines. Cranks were formerly common on some machines in the early 20th century; for example almost all phonographs before the 1930s were powered by clockwork motors wound with cranks. Reciprocating piston engines use cranks to convert the linear piston motion into rotational motion. Internal combustion engines of early 20th century automobiles were usually started with hand cranks, before electric starters came into general use.


title: Crankshaft

text: The non-manual crank appears in several of the hydraulic devices described by the Banū Mūsā brothers in their 9th-century "Book of Ingenious Devices". These automatically operated cranks appear in several devices, two of which contain an action which approximates to that of a crankshaft, anticipating Ismail al-Jazari's invention by several centuries and its first appearance in Europe by over five centuries. The automatic crank described by the Banū Mūsā would not have allowed a full rotation, however, but only a small modification was required to convert it to a crankshaft.


title: Crankshaft

text: Arab engineer Ismail al-Jazari (1136–1206), in the Artuqid Sultanate, described a crank and connecting rod system in a rotating machine in two of his water-raising machines. The author Sally Ganchy identified a crankshaft in his twin-cylinder pump mechanism, including both the crank and shaft mechanisms.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Roosevelt "Rosey" Grier (born July 14, 1932) is an American actor, singer, Protestant minister, and former professional football player. He was a notable college football player for Pennsylvania State University who earned a retrospective place in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 100th anniversary list of 100 most influential student athletes. As a professional player, Grier was a member of the New York Giants and the original Fearsome Foursome of the Los Angeles Rams. He played in the Pro Bowl twice.


title: Rosey Grier

text: After Grier's professional sports career, he worked as a bodyguard for Senator Robert Kennedy during the 1968 presidential campaign. Grier was guarding Ethel Kennedy when Senator Kennedy was shot. Although unable to prevent the assassination, Grier took control of the gun and subdued the shooter, Sirhan Sirhan.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier hosted his own Los Angeles television show and made approximately 70 guest appearances on various shows during the 1960s and 1970s.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier is known for his serious pursuit of hobbies not traditionally associated with men. Grier became an ordained Protestant minister in 1983 and travels as an inspirational speaker. He founded American Neighborhood Enterprises, a nonprofit organization that serves inner city youth.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Born in Cuthbert, Georgia as one of twelve children, Grier was named after Franklin Delano Roosevelt.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier played high school football at Abraham Clark High School in Roselle, New Jersey, graduating in 1951. At Penn State, he won the IC4A and Penn Relays shot put and discus, as well as qualifying for the javelin finals, and was a Track & Field All-American in 1954 and 1955.


title: Rosey Grier

text: After playing on the defensive line on the Penn State University football team, Grier was drafted as the 31st overall pick in the third round of the 1955 NFL Draft by the New York Giants. He played with the Giants from 1955 to 1962, during which he led the team to an NFL Championship in 1956 and the Eastern Conference Championship in 1958, 1959, 1961 and 1962. Grier was selected for the Pro Bowl in 1956 and 1960, and was named All-Pro at the defensive tackle position in 1956 and 1958–1962.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier was then traded in July 1963 to the Los Angeles Rams in exchange for defensive tackle John LoVetere and a high future draft pick. He was part of the "Fearsome Foursome", along with Deacon Jones, Merlin Olsen, and Lamar Lundy, considered one of the best defensive lines in football history. His career ended in 1967 due to a torn Achilles tendon. Despite being the oldest member of the Fearsome Foursome, Grier is the last surviving member following the death of Deacon Jones on June 3, 2013.


title: Rosey Grier

text: After his retirement, Grier hosted the "Rosey Grier Show" on KABC-TV, a weekly half-hour television show discussing community affairs in Los Angeles.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier served as a bodyguard for his friend, United States senator and presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy. He was guarding Ethel Kennedy, the Senator's wife, who was then expecting a child, the night that Kennedy was assassinated in Los Angeles in 1968. Grier and Olympic decathlon gold medalist Rafer Johnson heard shots fired ahead of them. As Grier caught up he saw men wrestling with gunman Sirhan Sirhan. Grier jumped into the fray. Grier states, "So I see George Plimpton has the gun pointed at his face, and I'm concerned that it is going to go off, so I put my hand under the trigger housing and I pulled back the hammer so it couldn't strike. I wrench the gun from Sirhan. I find the pin and I ripped it out and held it. Now I have the gun in my hand, so I shove it in my pocket." Grier later said, "I grabbed the man's legs and dragged him onto a table. There was a guy angrily twisting the killer's legs and other angry faces coming towards him, as though they were going to tear him to pieces. I fought them off. I would not allow more violence."


title: Rosey Grier

text: In December 1968, he accompanied Bob Hope on "Operation Holly," Hope's 1968 USO tour, Grier performed alongside headliner Ann-Margret and others at the U.S. bases at Long Bình, Cam Ranh Bay, Da Nang, Chu Lai, and Phù Cát, as well as aboard the carrier USS "Hancock" and the battleship USS "New Jersey", and at Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base and U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield in Thailand, along with stops in South Korea and Guam.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier has appeared in a number of films and television shows. One of the first football stars to successfully make the transition to acting, he made about 70 television guest appearances. They include a role as one of the security contingent in "The Brain Killer Affair" episode of "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." (1964), as well as a cameo playing an athletic trainer in an episode of "I Dream of Jeannie". He became a regular cast member, starting in 1969, on the series "Daniel Boone", "Make Room for Granddaddy", and "The White Shadow". In one "White Shadow" appearance, he donned his No. 76 Los Angeles Rams jersey from his NFL playing days.


title: Rosey Grier

text: He appeared as a panelist on the television game show "Match Game 74". Grier starred in television shows and films including "The Wild, Wild West" (1967), "Desperate Mission" (1969), "Carter's Army" (1970), "Skyjacked" (1972), "The Thing with Two Heads" (1972), "McMillan & Wife" (1974), "The Treasure of Jamaica Reef" (1975), "Movin' On" (1975-1976), "The Love Boat" (1979), "The Glove" (1979), "" (1979) and "The Seekers" (1979). Grier appeared in the 1974–1976 NBC TV series "Movin' On" with Claude Akins, which was filmed in Grier's home state of Georgia. He appeared in a third-season episode of "Quincy, M.E." titled "Crib Job" in which he played himself as the director of a group called Giant Step. He appeared in two episodes of "Kojak", one in the third season and one in the fourth season, as a bounty hunter named Salathiel Harms. He also appeared on a 1977 episode of "CHiPs" as a distraught motorist who, during a routine traffic stop, proceeds to destroy his car in frustration by pulling it apart piece by piece. He appeared as a celebrity contestant on "Celebrity Bullseye" during that program's 1981–82 season. Grier also guest-voiced a 1999 episode of "The Simpsons" titled "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday".


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier first released singles on the A label in 1960, and over the following twenty-five years he continued to record on various labels including Liberty, Ric, MGM, and A&M. His recording of a tribute to Robert Kennedy, "People Make the World" (written by Bobby Womack), was his only chart single, peaking at No. 128 in 1968. Grier sang "It's All Right to Cry" for the children's album and TV program "Free to Be… You and Me".


title: Rosey Grier

text: Greir spent his early life campaigning for Democrats before becoming a Republican in the early 80s. He appeared in the Democratic fundraiser "America Goes Public" on September 15, 1973 and regularly attended the Democratic National Convention, incuding the conventions at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago on August 28, 1968 and at Madison Square Garden in New York City on August 11, 1980.


title: Rosey Grier

text: He was a featured speaker at the 1984 Republican National Convention; during its evening session on August 20, 1984, he endorsed President Ronald Reagan for re-election.


title: Rosey Grier

text: On January 5, 2017, Grier announced his intention to run for governor of California as a Republican in the 2018 California gubernatorial election. He ended his candidacy in July 2017.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier has also written a number of books, and now travels the United States as an inspirational speaker. He is a cofounder of American Neighborhood Enterprises, an organization that works to help disadvantaged city dwellers buy homes and receive vocational training. Grier was ordained a Protestant minister in 1983, and the next year he founded his nonprofit resource center for inner-city teens, developing spiritual and educational programs for disadvantaged youths.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier is a prominent member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. He is also on the Milken Family Foundation board of trustees and serves as its program administrator of community affairs.


title: Rosey Grier

text: He has been honored by Penn State as recipient of the Distinguished Alumni Award in 1974, and the Alumni Fellow Award in 1991. He was named to the NCAA's "List of the 100 Most Influential Student-Athletes" published to commemorate the NCAA's 100th anniversary. In 1997, he was inducted into the New Jersey Sports Hall of Fame.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier was well known in the 1970s for his hobbies of needlepoint and macrame. He authored "Rosey Grier's Needlepoint for Men" in 1973.


title: Rosey Grier

text: Grier has a daughter from a previous relationship named Sherryl Brown-Tubbs. He later married Bernice Lewis, who had one child, Denise, whom he adopted before he and Lewis divorced. He then married Margie Grier and had a son, Roosevelt Kennedy Grier, in 1972. He and Margie divorced in 1978 and remarried in 1980. Margie Grier died on June 10, 2011. He married Wichita school teacher Cydnee Seyler on April 30, 2013. A nephew, Mike "Big Daddy" Grier, followed his uncle's career in sports when he enrolled as a student at Boston University, but he played ice hockey instead of football; he subsequently had a 14 year NHL playing career and became the league's first black general manager with the San Jose Sharks. He is the cousin of Pam Grier.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: The New Midsize Airplane (NMA), or New Midsize Aircraft, (culturally referred to as the Boeing 797) is a concept airliner proposed by Boeing to fill the middle of the market segment.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: In 2015, Boeing determined the market was large enough to launch a new design. In 2017, multiple airlines expressed interest in a composite, seven-abreast twin-aisle with an elliptical cross-section. The new aircraft, which would likely have been named the Boeing 797, would be available in two versions: a 225-seater with range and a 275-seater with a range of . Third-party forecasts for this market varied from 2,000 to 4,000 aircraft, though Boeing expected the market demand to lie at the upper end of this range. At a projected price of $65–75 million, the NMA was expected to generate 30% more revenue than narrowbodies and have 40% lower trip costs than the widebodies it would have replaced. It would have been powered by a new turbofan from GE Aviation/CFM International or Pratt & Whitney, with a bypass ratio of 10:1 or more and an overall pressure ratio exceeding 50:1.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: In January 2020, Boeing put the plans on hold and announced a clean-sheet reevaluation of the project, noting that it was focused on returning the 737 MAX to service and would be taking a new approach to future projects. By February 2021, the company appeared to have revived the project with plans for a shorter variant that could enter service by the late 2020s with a development cost of up to $25 billion. In June 2022, however, it announced that development would not be pursued until new engines and development tools are mature.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: Air Lease Corp.'s Steven F. Udvar-Házy believed that Boeing was planning to launch a more capable, all-new replacement for the Boeing 757 rather than a re-engined version. At the International Society of Transport Aircraft Trading conference, he predicted it would be a Boeing 767-like, twin-aisle airplane capable of using runways such as those at New York LaGuardia. Boeing's VP of Marketing Randy Tinseth said the company was focused on developing an aircraft with 20% more range and more capacity than the 757-200. United Airlines consulted Airbus and Boeing about replacing its 757s and was waiting for Boeing's response, as Tinseth wanted to fill the gap between the 737 MAX and the 787.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: Before the 2015 Paris Air Show, sales chief John Wojick said Boeing had held discussions with customers and determined that the market was large enough to launch an all-new jet airliner, the first since the launch of the 787 Dreamliner in 2003. At the show, Airbus CEO Fabrice Bregier estimated that Boeing would have to invest $10 billion to develop a 757 successor with 220 seats and a range of , corresponding to the capabilities stated by Boeing's vice president for product development Mike Sinnett. Vinay Bhaskara of Airways News said Boeing's "middle of the market" (MOM) airliner would likely launch before 2020 and enter service in the early part of the following decade.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: Boeing denied that the new aircraft would be an update to the Boeing 767, although a revised 767 could be a possible stopgap measure. Estimates suggested that the cost of developing and building a new aircraft could even reach US$15 billion.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: In early 2016, Boeing's two major options remained a larger 737 MAX variant or an all-new 797 design. The MOM was the subject of a session of the 2016 International Society of Transport Aircraft Trading (ISTAT) conference in Phoenix, Arizona where major worldwide sellers, buyers and financiers of commercial aircraft meet. Airbus sales chief John Leahy said the industry has no need for a new midmarket airplane, since the A321neo is already for sale.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: In July 2016, Boeing forecast demand for 4,000 to 5,000 midmarket aircraft, leaving a market for 2,000 to 3,000 after accounting for the Airbus A321neo and A330neo sales. It identified the market "sweet spot" for the NMA as being a 200 to 250-seat twin-aisle aircraft with more than range, but less expensive to operate than existing small twin aisles. The notional aircraft, which would enter service in the middle of the next decade, would need advanced high-bypass turbofans with higher pressure ratios. Boeing development resources were committed on the 777X, 787-10 and 737 MAX, whereas Airbus's R&D spending profile appeared to leave room for new development, but Airbus believed that the A321LR and A330neo were sufficient to address the segment.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: At the March 2017 ISTAT Americas conference, United Airlines' interest in the NMA was confirmed by chief financial officer Andrew Levy, who corroborated the assumption that it would be a twin-aisle aircraft with two variants, carrying 225 to 260 passengers with a range of . Multiple airlines expressed potential interest: Alaska Airlines, Emirates, and Delta Air Lines for transatlantic flights.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: The new airplane was expected to have seven-abreast seating, like the 767. The market favors single-aisle economics, and Boeing's challenge would be to achieve comparable hourly cost and price per seat while keeping twin-aisle capabilities. Competition to supply the engines would be intense, with Rolls-Royce expected to propose the UltraFan follow-on to its Advance engines, Pratt & Whitney offering a new iteration of its Pratt & Whitney Geared Turbofan, and CFM International also in the running.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: To assess where the "middle of the market" lay, Flight Ascend Consultancy looked at existing twin-aisle aircraft with fewer than 260 seats and found that these offered an average of 234 seats and have an average flight distance of 2,670 nmi, with 60% of available seat miles below 4,000 nmi and 82% below 5,000 nmi. To be competitive, NMA pricing would have to be between the 787-8 and A330neo at $100–120 million (base full-life value) and larger single-aisles at above $50 million; the 767-300ER in its heyday cost just over $70 million. An elliptical cross-section could combine a twin-aisle cabin with the reduced cargo space of a single-aisle jet to reduce aerodynamic drag and operating costs, but would need more complex carbon composites instead of a simple cylindrical metal fuselage.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: Boeing relies on model-based systems engineering (MBSE), already used in its defense and space businesses, to define customer needs and functionality early in the aircraft design process with an interdisciplinary approach. A systems architecture model feeds and interacts with analytic and verification models, and helps define the product to bound data management and control cost and schedule, and the constraints, interfaces and requirements. Engine integration defines takeoff and climb capability, aircraft noise and ETOPS range circumference and engine failure altitude.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: At the June 2017 Paris Air Show, Boeing's aircraft development manager Mike Delaney confirmed the use of composites for the whole airframe, which would have a hybrid cross-section and bypass ratios above 10:1. If the NMA were to be launched in early 2019, its design would be completed in 2020, with fabrication in 2021–22, build in 2023, flight tests and certification in 2024 and introduction in 2025.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: With the NMA planned for introduction no earlier than 2025, and the 787 being much larger, Boeing could conceivably restart passenger 767-300ER production to bridge the gap, with potential demand for 50 to 60 aircraft. In September, Boeing created a development program office, and in November named their company veteran and 777X chief project engineer Terry Beezhold, without a role yet. Its introduction could slip from 2024–25 to 2027, pushing the 737 replacement to after 2030.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: On 20 December 2017, Washington Governor Jay Inslee formed a committee with Boeing labor unions (IAM and SPEEA) and local government economic-development officials to lobby Boeing to build the NMA in Washington state. Boeing continued to estimate middle-of-the-market demand at between 2,000 and 4,000 airliners over 20 years, stating in September 2017 that it was closer to 4,000, while Pratt & Whitney, Rolls-Royce plc and Leeham Co. think it likely to lie between 2,000 and 2,500; Airbus puts the figure at about 2,000 aircraft, not enough to justify a new $15bn development program for aircraft to be sold for $55m to $75m each.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: In early 2018, United saw the NMA reaching the market in eight to ten years. GE Aviation expected a launch decision in 2018 in order to enter service on target in the mid-2020s. Boeing was in "active" talks with about 50 potential customers and had defined two main versions: a 225-seat model with a range and a 275-seat version with a range.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: Delta Air Lines hoped to be a launch customer for the NMA, which would replace its 757 and 767 fleets. In February 2018, Delta operated 127 757s and 80 767s with average ages of 15 to 22 years. Boeing's VP Marketing Randy Tinseth was confident its forecast of 4,000 aircraft can be met, despite others seeing the market as between 2,000 and 2,500, because the NMA would be able to change airline networks in the same way that the 787 enabled 170 new routes to be opened since 2011. Solid production costs and sales forecasts would be required to convince the Boeing board to commit to its development. Avolon saw a market for 3,500 to 4,000 airliners. At the 2018 Farnborough Airshow, GE Aviation expressed concern as to whether the size of the market was large enough to justify the investment of developing a new engine for the jet.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: The NMA was targeted to achieve a 30% economic improvement over the Boeing 757/767. Tinseth said the NMA would generate 30% more revenue than narrowbodies and have 40% lower trip costs compared to the widebodies it would replace (767, A300 and A330). Within its range, it would be significantly more economical than the A330neo, severely testing its sales if Boeing could keep NMA prices in the $70m range. The target sale price for the NMA was believed to be between $65m and $75m. Ryanair CEO Michael O'Leary, kept informed by Boeing, said its seat cost would be substantially higher than the 737 MAX.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: The conceptual design released in early 2018 had a 737 MAX-style tail cone, large 787/777X-sized cabin windows, a 757/767/777-style windscreen, a 767-200 door arrangement and short engine inlets. As the A320/A330 investment has been amortised, the A321LR or A330neo could be offered at a lower cost; the NMA would have to offer notably lower fuel and maintenance cost. Airbus could react with an A321 stretch or an all-new design, and could use a new 50,000 lbf (222.5kN) engine.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: As recent all-new designs took between 88 and 101 months (88/12round1 to 101/12round1 years) between the authority to offer and the introduction, a late 2018 to early 2019 launch would have implied a 2026 service entry. At this time, existing airliners over 30 years old will have been replaced by current models, leaving 900 aircraft aged from 15 to 25 years to be replaced: 420 A321s, 270 A330-200s, 90 757s and 130 767s. The largest operator of these 15-to-25 year-old mid-market types is American Airlines with over 80, followed by China Southern then Delta Air Lines, United Airlines, Air China and Turkish Airlines with less than 40. In June the NMA-6X was defined as a 228-passenger, airliner and the NMA-7X would seat 267 in two classes over .


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: ICF International saw a market of 3,000–3,500 over 20 years with the NMA sold for $75-80 m, while Collateral Verifications believed in a 1,000–1,500 market and a $80–90 m price; for Flightglobal's Ascend, 1,500 NMAs could have been delivered for $67–82 m each between 2025 and 2040 if its size was right, and Oriel Consult expected a $70–80 m price. For Steven F. Udvar-Házy, a decision should be made by mid 2019, with two potential engines derived from existing units. Boeing continued to assess the market as 4,000-5,000 aircraft and was working towards a 2019 decision too, while taking measures to protect a 2025 introduction into service.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: For the French national aerospace research center, ONERA, a cylindrical seven or eight-abreast twin-aisle has 20% more fuselage drag in cruise than a six-abreast, single-aisle airplane of the same seat capacity. This is significant because fuselage drag is one-third of total drag. However, an elliptical widebody can have an equivalent drag due to a smaller wetted area. Also, a twin-aisle is more comfortable and has faster turnarounds than a single-aisle. A cylindrical section is the simplest way to cope with the cabin pressurization's hoop stress while an elliptical section is reinforced and heavier (less so with vertical rods like the Aurora D8 concept).


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: In October 2018, analysts from Sanford C. Bernstein, Morgan Stanley and Canaccord Genuity were convinced Boeing would launch the project. Boeing's Randy Tinseth stated an almost unanimous preference for better economics through weight savings rather than the heavier structure to carry widebody containers.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: By early 2019, Rolls-Royce was anticipating an addressable market for 4,000 to 5,000 middle-of-the-market aircraft over 20 years, agreeing with Boeing's figures, and pointed out that Boeing would not capture all of that market; it expected demand for the NMA to reach 2,000 to 3,000 aircraft. Former Airbus sales executive John Leahy suggested that Boeing should create a new single-aisle aircraft to compete with the Airbus A321neo from 2030 instead of a small widebody.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: On January 30, 2019, then-Boeing CEO Dennis Muilenburg clarified that whether to "offer" the NMA for sale would be decided later in the year, before an "authority to launch" decision deferred until 2020, aligned with the end of 777X development and enabling the NMA to build on 777X work. The two-stage decision process is standard at Boeing and entry into service was still targeted for 2025, but the delay could cause 757 replacement opportunities to be missed. Boeing intended to leverage existing technologies such as composites for the NMA. The program would overhaul supply chain practices and focus on more efficient production, support and maintenance that could also be applied to a future 737 replacement.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: In February 2019, Rolls-Royce plc abandoned its engine proposal, leaving CFM International and Pratt & Whitney as sole competitors. A new development would not be mature enough as the Ultrafan program is too far away from Boeing's needs, but Rolls-Royce could be interested in a partnership with another manufacturer.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: The chief executive of GE Aviation, for the second year in a row, expressed skepticism regarding the size of the market for the jet.


title: Boeing New Midsize Airplane

text: In June 2019, following the launch of the Airbus A321XLR, Boeing was understood to be prioritizing the 275-seat variant, tentatively dubbed NMA-7X, ahead of the 225-seat NMA-6X which would compete more directly with the A321XLR. A formal "authority to offer" decision was still expected later in 2019. The two prospective engine suppliers were understood to be bidding on a sole-supplier basis, believing that market demand would not allow two competing engines to achieve a timely return on investment, whereas Air Lease Corporation's Steven Udvar-Házy felt that buyers should have a choice. Udvar-Házy also suggested that the NMA should be designed with future changes in mind, such as the possibility of single-pilot operation.