title: Andy Ngo

text: As a result of the attack, medical examiners determined that Ngo suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage. He retained attorney Harmeet Dhillon to investigate the response of the Portland Police Bureau. Following Ngo's attack, Texas Senator Ted Cruz called on federal authorities to investigate Ted Wheeler, Portland's mayor and police commissioner. 2020 Democratic Party presidential candidate Andrew Yang wished Ngo a speedy recovery. Broader analysis of media coverage following Ngo's attack was polarized, with each side expressing criticism of the other, including essays in "The Atlantic" and "Commentary".


title: Andy Ngo

text: On August 26, 2019, the "Portland Mercury" reported on a video where Ngo was seen smiling and laughing at certain points while standing in the presence of members of Patriot Prayer on May 1, as they planned an attack on antifascists following the May Day protests. He later followed the group on foot a few blocks to the Cider Riot bar, where Patriot Prayer members attacked the patrons. The video became part of court documents in a lawsuit against Patriot Prayer members for causing the riot. One of the victims of the attack was knocked unconscious with a baton and suffered a broken vertebra; Ngo later posted a video of her being attacked and identified her online. The "Portland Mercury"s Alex Zilenski stated "there's no way [Ngo] couldn't know the group was planning on instigating violence." The "Portland Mercury" also quoted an undercover antifascist embedded in Patriot Prayer saying that Ngo had an "understanding" with the far-right group that the group "protects him and he protects them".


title: Andy Ngo

text: Later during the day on August 26, Ngo's name was deleted from "Quillette"s masthead, and the site from Ngo's Twitter feed. The editor of "Quillette", Claire Lehmann, told "The Daily Beast" that the two developments were not linked and that Ngo had left the website several weeks earlier. After publication of its story, the "Portland Mercury" published a letter from Ngo's lawyer seeking retraction of the newspaper's "false and inherently defamatory statements". The "Portland Mercury" stood by its reporting.


title: Andy Ngo

text: On August 30, "The Spectator" published an article by Ngo in which he stated he did not know about the far-right group planning the attack, that he "[only] caught snippets of various conversations" and "was preoccupied on [his] phone", describing the accusations as "lies". Writing in the libertarian magazine "Reason", Robby Soave expressed agreement that the video did not show evidence that Ngo knew beforehand about a violent plot.


title: Andy Ngo

text: In 2019, Ngo published a series in the "New York Post" alleging numerous hate crimes reported to police in Portland, Oregon had been faked. He contributed articles to the online magazine "Quillette" where he was described as a sub-editor and photojournalist for the publication at the time of his departure in August 2019.


title: Andy Ngo

text: By June 2020, Ngo was with "The Post Millennial", a conservative Canadian news website. Ngo describes himself as the editor-at-large for "The Post Millennial". He has been a regular guest on Fox News where he has expressed his concerns about the dangers posed by the left on at least two dozen occasions as of February 2021.


title: Andy Ngo

text: Ngo has written several opinion articles for "The Wall Street Journal". In July 2020, Ngo's reporting was among the concerns listed in a letter, penned by nearly 300 of "The Journal's" newsroom staff members to the paper's publisher, that condemned the opinion desk's "lack of fact-checking and transparency". Several media outlets, including "The Oregonian" have been critical of Ngo and described him as a "right-wing provocateur". "BuzzFeed News" said that "Ngo's work is probably best described as media activism" and that he engages in "participant reporting". "New York" magazine cites Ngo as an example of "busybody journalism". In April 2019, Cathy Young, writing for "The Bulwark", criticized Ngo for "outrage mining" after he re-posted various tweets from random Twitter accounts, some of whom were teenagers, that mocked France following the Notre-Dame de Paris fire.


title: Andy Ngo

text: During the week of January 10, 2021, the online pre-sale of Ngo's first book, "Unmasked: Inside Antifa's Radical Plan to Destroy Democracy", was met with a small group of protestors who demonstrated outside the flagship Powell's Books in Portland, Oregon. The bookseller, which offered the book for sale online, chose not to promote "Unmasked" or physically stock it in their stores. The book became "one of the most popular political titles on Amazon before its release." Upon release, "Unmasked" became an Amazon bestseller. For the week of February 14, 2021 "Unmasked" was listed as the top national bestseller in hardcover nonfiction by "Publishers Weekly" and appeared as number three on "The New York Times" Best Seller list for nonfiction.


title: Andy Ngo

text: In the "Los Angeles Times", Alexander Nazaryan reviewed "Unmasked" as a "supremely dishonest new book on the left-wing anti-fascist movement known as antifa". According to Nazaryan, Ngo wrote that his parents' immigration from Vietnam led him to describe his book as "a letter of gratitude to the nation" that made them welcome, as against the leftists who, he claims, wish to destroy it. "As an immigrant from a communist country", Nazaryan wrote, "I understand the sentiment. As a journalist, however, I must point out that he is churning out the very kind [of] propaganda that keeps authoritarians in power." "Kirkus Reviews" described "Unmasked" as "a book that belongs in any QAnon subscriber's collection." Writing for "The Oregonian", Shane Dixon Kavanaugh stated that "Unmasked" contained "serious omissions, errors and false equivalencies that have alarmed an array of academics and intelligence officials who track extremist movements."


title: Andy Ngo

text: In March 2021, Winston Marshall, banjoist and founding member of the British folk rock band Mumford & Sons, posted on Twitter to Ngo, "Finally had the time to read your important book. You're a brave man." His post led to online criticism, and several days later Marshall deleted the tweet, apologized for it, and stated that he was temporarily leaving the band "to examine my blindspots." In June, Marshall left Mumford & Sons permanently and recanted his apology, saying that it "participates in the lie that [the extremism documented in the book] does not exist, or worse, is a force for good."


title: Andy Ngo

text: In May 2021, while Ngo was in Portland to cover the one-year anniversary demonstrations for a follow up chapter to "Unmasked", Ngo said he was recognized in disguise and then chased down by a group of five to ten demonstrators who attempted to unmask him before assaulting him. Ngo said that he was tackled and punched by demonstrators in black bloc before he fled into The Nines hotel. Ngo frequently uploads protesters' personal information, including mugshots, to social media: some protesters have said this results in harassment and death threats, leading them to view Ngo as a threat.


title: Andy Ngo

text: Ngo is a right-wing social media influencer. His actions and role in covering issues, particularly civil unrest in Portland, Oregon, following the murder of George Floyd, have received media attention.


title: Andy Ngo

text: In December 2019, "The Oregonian" named Ngo one of 2019's Top 15 Newsmakers citing events that included his attack, his surge in prominence within conservative circles, and his circulation of "heavily edited videos of several altercations to his then-270,000 Twitter followers, racking up millions of views online while spreading inaccurate claims and limited context about what transpired." President Trump began to mention Ngo at his rallies in July 2019.


title: Andy Ngo

text: In August 2020, The Southern Poverty Law Center said in an interview with philosopher and "How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them" author Jason Stanley that Ngo had been caught misrepresenting facts and that "what he says goes substantially viral after that." Stanley contended that Ngo promotes a "false equivalence [between left and right political violence in the U.S.], when there's no such equivalence at all", noting that hundreds of Americans had been killed in far-right violence since 1990 while antifa had not been responsible for any lives lost as of August 27, 2020, the date the interview was published.


title: Andy Ngo

text: Writing for "MIT Technology Review" in September 2020, Harvard University faculty member Joan Donovan addressed the use of video in social media to encourage an outrage response, stating that Ngo was one of two right-wing adversarial media-makers promoting "riot porn" consisting of videos of conflict at public protests that are edited, decontextualized, and shared among online followers.


title: Andy Ngo

text: By October 2020, "Politico" reported Ngo had established approximately 800,000 social media followers and had become a mega influencer that was a "key source for rightwing audiences in search of news about the Black Lives Matter movement." The following month, Ngo's viral video content was recirculated by President Trump following the Million MAGA March.


title: Andy Ngo

text: In December 2021, "The Intercept" described Ngo as a "far-right Twitter star" with 940,000 followers on the platform.


title: Andy Ngo

text: In 2019, Ngo labelled several journalists, including Shane Burley and Alexander Reid Ross, as "antifa ideologues". Burley and Reid Ross described receiving death threats afterward, with Burley stating to "Jacobin" that Ngo "appears to target ideological opponents, which can make them fair game for harassment and violent confrontation." According to "Vox"s Zack Beauchamp, Ngo doxed a political activist in 2019 by publishing her full name. Ngo is known for publishing the mugshots of arrestees in Portland to his Twitter account.


title: Andy Ngo

text: Ngo's credibility and objectivity as a journalist have been extensively criticized. Since 2019, he has been accused of using selectively edited videos and sharing misleading and inaccurate information to paint antifa activists as violent, and to underplay the violence of the far right, with "Columbia Journalism Review" describing Ngo as a "discredited provocateur".


title: Andy Ngo

text: Ngo has been accused of having ties to the far-right groups Proud Boys and Patriot Prayer. After Ngo was assaulted by left-wing protestors in Portland in 2019, the Portland-based newspaper "Willamette Week" quoted the "Portland Mercury's" "Blogtown" in saying an unnamed Proud Boys member said that the attack on Ngo "happened because he ignored Proud Boys' offer of protection" and accordingly stated "it is increasingly clear [Ngo] is coordinating his movements and his message with right-wing groups".


title: Andy Ngo

text: "BuzzFeed News" reported that "[Ngo]'s literal brand is that anti-fascists are violent and loathe him", adding that he "has been building to a dramatic confrontation with the Portland far left for months, his star rising along with the severity of the encounters ... . [Ngo] is willing to make himself the story and to stream himself doing it. He proceeds from a worldview and seeks to confirm it, without asking to what degree his coverage becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy". Brian Levin, an extremist expert from California State University, San Bernardino, stated that Ngo was "a political pundit who certainly makes the most out of his conflicts, which sometimes turn violent on him. ... But to his credit, I've never seen him be the physical aggressor in the posts that he's made generally."


title: Andy Ngo

text: In June 2020, Ngo sued individuals allegedly associated with antifa, seeking $900,000 in damages for assault and emotional distress, and an injunction to prevent further harassment. The lawsuit, filed by Ngo's personal attorney Harmeet Dhillon, a national Republican operative who served as a legal adviser to Trump's re-election campaign, cites Rose City Antifa, five other named defendants, and additional unknown assailants. The suit stems from multiple alleged attacks on Ngo in Portland during 2019: at a demonstration on May 1, at his local gym on May 7, and during a protest on June 29. In particular, the suit accuses Rose City Antifa of a "pattern of racketeering activities". On December 15, 2020, a Multnomah County judge denied a special motion to strike down the suit.


title: Andy Ngo

text: Ngo has been invited by Republican lawmakers to testify before Congress on several occasions. On August 4, 2020, he provided testimony at a United States Senate Judiciary subcommittee titled "The Right of the People Peaceably to Assemble: Protecting Speech by Stopping Anarchist Violence." Fox News reported that Ngo disputed media coverage of protests and criticized Democrats for not condemning antifa for violence in Portland; however, prosecutors focused only on criminal conduct and did not provide evidence that any of the people arrested in Portland were linked to antifa. The Southern Poverty Law Center stated that Ngo has been a vocal proponent of listing antifa as a terrorist organization.


title: Andy Ngo

text: On February 24, 2021, Ngo provided testimony at the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security following the U.S. Capitol attack. During the congressional hearing which focused on the rise of domestic terrorism in the United States, lawmakers denounced the insurrection that left five dead but they diverged on how to address the problem. Democratic lawmakers condemned false equivalencies and raised concerns about white supremacist violence and homegrown extremism, whereas Ngo, the sole witness called by Republicans, suggested the media was at fault for failing to criticize the looting and rioting that occurred after the murder of George Floyd.


title: Andy Ngo

text: "The Oregonian" reported in 2021 that Ngo relocated to London, citing concerns for his personal safety. A Portland Police Bureau spokesman confirmed that Ngo filed at least 10 police reports about threats made to him or his family since June 2020.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran Krishan Sikand (12 February 1920 – 12 July 2013), better known by his mononym, Pran, was an Indian actor, known as the greatest villain ever in the history of Indian cinema and character actor in Hindi cinema from the 1940s to the 1990s. He has been one among the most highly successful & respected veteran actors in the history of Indian cinema. He was also one among the highest paid actors of his time.


title: Pran (actor)

text: He played hero roles from 1940 to 1947, negative character from 1942 to 1991, and played supporting and character roles from 1967 to 2007. The decades of late 1940s, 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s were the peak periods of Pran's stint as a negative character actor, especially 1950s & 1960s. Pran was the first true personification of "evil" on the Indian screen. The intensity of his portrayal of negative/villainous characters on the screen was effective enough to desist the Indian people from naming their children "Pran" in the 1950s & 60s & subsequently thereafter (when Pran was at the peak of his villainy).


title: Pran (actor)

text: In a long and prolific career Pran appeared in over 362 films. He played the leading man in works such as "Khandaan" (1942), "Pilpili Saheb" (1954) and "Halaku" (1956). He is known for his roles in "Madhumati" (1958), "Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai" (1960), "Upkar" (1967), "Shaheed" (1965), "Purab Aur Paschim" (1970), "Ram Aur Shyam" (1967), "Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool" (1969), "Johny Mera Naam" (1970), "Victoria No. 203" (1972), "Be-Imaan" (1972), "Zanjeer" (1973), "Majboor" (1974), "Don" (1978), "Amar Akbar Anthony" (1977) and "Duniya" (1984).


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran has received many awards and honours in his career. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1967, 1969 and 1972 and was awarded the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. He was awarded as the "Villain of the Millennium" by Stardust in 2000. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 2001 for his contributions to the arts. He was honoured in 2013 with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the highest national award for cinema artistes, by the Government of India. In 2010, he was named on the list of CNN's Top 25 Asian actors of all time.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran died on 12 July 2013 at the age of 93 of old age after suffering from a prolonged illness in Mumbai's Lilavati Hospital.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran was born on 12 February 1920 in Ballimaran, Old Delhi, into a wealthy Punjabi Hindu family. His father, Kewal Krishan Sikand, was a civil engineer and a government civil contractor, his mother was Rameshwari. Pran was one of seven children; four sons and three daughters.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran was academically gifted, especially in mathematics. His father had a transferable job, and so Pran studied in various places, including Dehradun, Lahore, Kapurthala, Meerut and Unnao (Uttar Pradesh), finally completing his matriculation from Hamid School, in Rampur (U.P.). Thereafter, he joined A. Das & Co., Delhi as an apprentice to become a professional photographer. He travelled to Shimla and played Sita in a local staging of "Ramlila". Madan Puri enacted the role of Rama in this play.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran got his first role in Dalsukh M. Pancholi's Punjabi film "Yamla Jat" (1940) because of an accidental meeting with writer Wali Mohammad Wali at a shop in Lahore. Directed by Moti B. Gidwani, the film featured Noor Jehan and Durga Khote. This was followed by small roles in the film "Chaudhary" and "Khajanchi", both in 1941. Pancholi cast him again in "Khandaan" (1942), which was Pran's first Hindi-language film. It featured him as a romantic hero, opposite Noor Jehan, who had acted with him in "Yamla Jat" as a child artist. In "Khandaan", she was under 15 years old and compensated for the difference in their heights in close-up shots by standing on top of bricks. In the pre-independence era, director Gidwani cast Pran in more films like "Kaise Kahoon" (1945) and "Khamosh Nigahen" (1946).


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran had acted in 22 films from 1942 to 1946 in Lahore; 18 were released by 1947. Due to India's partition in 1947, his career had a brief break. His films from 1944 to 1947 were made in undivided India, but "Taraash" (1951) and "Khanabadosh" (1952) (both co-starring Manorama) were released only in Pakistan after Partition. He left Lahore and arrived in Bombay. For a few months, he looked for acting opportunities while doing other jobs. He worked in Delmar Hotel, Marine Drive for eight months, after which he got a chance to act in 1948.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Because of help from writer Saadat Hasan Manto and actor Shyam, he got a role in the Bombay Talkies' film, "Ziddi" which starred Dev Anand and Kamini Kaushal and was directed by Shaheed Latif. The movie launched Pran's career in Bombay. Incidentally, it proved to be Dev Anand's big break as a hero. By 1950 he had been gradually established as a premier villain in Hindi cinema. Within a week of "Ziddi"s success, he had signed three more films – S M Yusuf's "Grihasti" (1948), which became a diamond jubilee hit, Prabhat Films's "Apradhi" (1949) and Wali Mohammad's "Putli" (1949). By then, Wali Mohammad, who was responsible for Pran's first role, had come to Bombay and became a producer, setting up an office at Famous Studios, near Mahalaxmi Racecourse. In the 1940s, romantic duets featuring him, like the songs "Tere Naaz Uthane Ko Jee Chahta Hai" from "Grihasti", opposite Shardha, and from "Khandaan" (1942), with Noor Jehan, became popular in the 1940s. The way he expressed his dialogues in films such as "Sheesh Mahal" (1950), a series of disguises he made in "Adalat" (1958), and the rapport he shared with vamps like Kuldip Kaur in "Jashan" (1955) showcased his versatility in the 1950s.


title: Pran (actor)

text: As a villain, Pran's initial successful films were "Ziddi" and "Bari Behan" (1949). Pran's trademark blowing of smoke rings first appeared in the latter film. He was regularly offered the role of the main villain or of a negative character in films with Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand and Raj Kapoor as the lead hero in the 1950s and 60s. From the 1950s directors like M. V. Raman, Nanabhai Bhatt, Kalidas, Ravindra Dave, I. S. Johar and Bimal Roy repeatedly cast him. Similarly in the 1960s, he was frequently in the directorial ventures of A. Bhim Singh, Shakti Samanta, Bhappi Sonie, K. Amarnath, Nasir Hussain and others. In the 1970s, newer, younger directors and producers cast him in their films even though Pran asked for the highest price among supporting actors from 1968 to 1982.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran's performance as the negative character was appreciated especially in Dilip Kumar starrers such as "Azaad" (1955), "Devdas" (1955), "Madhumati" (1958), "Dil Diya Dard Liya" (1966), "Ram Aur Shyam" (1967) and "Aadmi" (1968); and films with Dev Anand as the lead man such as "Ziddi" (1948), "Munimji" (1955), "Amar Deep" (1958), "Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai" (1961); and with Raj Kapoor in "Aah" (1953), "Chori Chori" (1956), "Jagte Raho" (1956), "Chhalia" (1960), "Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai" (1960) and "Dil Hi Toh Hai" (1963). Films with him as the lead hero, "Pilpili Saheb" (1954) and then "Halaku" in 1956, were big hits too. He had roles in several genres, like as a pirate in "Sindbad the Sailor" (1952) and "Daughter of Sindbad" (1958); in action-packed thrillers like "Azad" (1955); historicals like "Aan" (1952) and "Raj Tilak" (1958); social themes like "Baradari" (1955); and light romances like "Munimji" (1955) and "Asha" (1957). In the 1960s and early 1970s, despite being in his 40s, he continued to play pivotal roles as a character in the age range of 25 to 30 in films with Shammi Kapoor, Joy Mukherjee, Rajendra Kumar and Dharmendra as the lead heroes. From the early 1950s to the early 1970s, Pran gained particular notoriety due to his frequent roles as a villain. From 1964, with "Pooja Ke Phool" and "Kashmir Ki Kali", he also brought a comical side to his negative characters. While Dilip Kumar and Raj Kapoor's careers as the young hero started to decline from the late 1960s and Rajendra Kumar and Shammi Kapoor stopped playing the lead by 1973, Pran continued with his roles. His association with Dev Anand, begun in 1948, continued even during the 1970s and the 1980s with "Johny Mera Naam" (1970), "Yeh Gulistan Hamara" (1972), "Joshila" (1973), "Warrant" (1975) and "Des Pardes" (1978).


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran played roles in comedy films starring Kishore Kumar and Mehmood Ali in the lead. His collaborations with Mehmood include "Sadhu Aur Shaitaan" (1968), "Lakhon Me Ek" (1971) and with Kishore Kumar include "Chham Chhama Chham" (1952), "Aasha" (1957), "Bewaqoof" (1960), "Half Ticket" (1962) and "Man-Mauji" (1962).


title: Pran (actor)

text: In the late 1960s, Pran played Malang Chacha, a veteran war hero, in Manoj Kumar's film "Upkar" (1967). The Kalyanji Anandji song "Kasme Waade Pyaar Wafaa" was picturised on him. In this film, Pran played a more sympathetic role. He received his first Filmfare Award for "Upkar". Kumar continued to cast him in pivotal roles in films such as "Purab Aur Paschim" (1970), "Be-Imaan" (1972), "Sanyasi" (1975) and "Dus Numbri" (1976).


title: Pran (actor)

text: From 1967 onward he also acted in Bengali films, beginning with Ashim Banerjee's "Sonai Dighe", where Joy Mukherjee was the hero.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran played the supporting role in several of these, which replaced his image as the villain with that of a character actor. After 1969, he was offered the lead role in films like "Nanha Farishta" (1969), "Jangal Mein Mangal" (1972), "Dharma" (1973), "Ek Kunwari Ek Kunwara" (1973) and "Rahu Ketu" (1978).


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran and Ashok Kumar were very close friends in professional and real life. They acted in 27 films together from 1951 to 1987 starting with "Afsana" (1951). Their other films include "Mr. X" (1957), "Adhikar" (1971), "Victoria No. 203" (1972), "Chori Mera Kaam" (1975) and "Raja Aur Rana" (1984). Sung by Kishore Kumar, the songs "Hum Bolega To Bologe Ke Bolta Hai" from "Kasauti" (1974) and "Micheal Daru Peeke dandha kartha Hai" from "Majboor" (1974), picturised on Pran, were very popular.


title: Pran (actor)

text: From 1969 to 1982, Pran was one of the highest paid actors of Bollywood. He played the lead role in the film "Aurat", (1967) paired opposite Padmini, with Rajesh Khanna in a supporting role. Pran and Khanna worked in five more films — "Maryada" (1971), "Jaanwar" (1983), "Souten" (1983), "Bewafai" (1985) and "Durgaa" (1985). In 1973, he recommended Amitabh Bachchan to Prakash Mehra for the character of Vijay in "Zanjeer", a role earlier offered to Dev Anand and Dharmendra. Pran's role as Sher Khan, with his red wig and beard and Pathani style was well appreciated. Pran acted with Bachchan in about 14 films with notable ones being "Zanjeer", "Majboor" (1974), "Don" (1978), "Amar Akbar Anthony" (1977), "Dostana" (1980), "Naseeb" (1981) and "Sharaabi" (1984).


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran occasionally accepted antagonistic roles from 1971 to 1992. He appeared as a villain in films like "Maryada", "Naya Zamana", "Jawan Muhabat", "Aan Baan", "Roop Tera Mastana", "Yeh Gulistan Hamara", "Gaddar", "Rahu Ketu", "Andha Kanoon" (1983), "Duniya" (1984), "Insaaf Kaun Karega", "Durgaa", "Bewafai", "Hoshiyar", "Dharm Adhikari" and "Azaad Desh Ke Ghulam". Pran had dual roles in "Khoon Ka Rishta", "Insaaf" and "Jangal Mein Mangal".


title: Pran (actor)

text: He produced the movie "Lakshmanrekha" in 1991, the only one he produced in his Bollywood career, and played Kishan Lal Sharma in the movie.


title: Pran (actor)

text: In 1998, at the age of 78, Pran suffered a heart attack, after which he started rejecting film offers due to age-related problems. But in the 1990s, Amitabh Bachchan requested Pran to do roles in his home productions "Tere Mere Sapne" (1996) and "Mrityudata" (1997). Pran made an exception by acting in them to help Bachchan through a difficult time in his career. In 1997, his character in "Mrityudaata" was modified to compensate for Pran's shaking legs in real life and in "Tere Mere Sapne", his shots were taken with him seated. After 2000, he made few guest appearances.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran married Shukla Ahluwalia in 1945 and has two sons, Arvind and Sunil Sikand, and a daughter, Pinky.


title: Pran (actor)

text: He was treated at the Lilavati Hospital and died on 12 July 2013. He had been admitted to hospital a few times in the last few months for deteriorating health; at some point he was battling pneumonia. Pran's death was widely noted by statesmen and his fellow entertainers. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh paid his condolences on his death and called him "an icon". Veteran actor Amitabh Bachchan tweeted his feelings about his death calling him a "magnificent pillar" of the film industry.


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran had a six-decade career in Hindi cinema and is one of the most celebrated actors of the industry. His acting is said to have been effective enough to desist people naming their children "Pran" because of his negative roles, while the industry had started calling him "Pran Sahab". His favourite line "Barkhurdaar" became immensely popular.


title: Pran (actor)

text: In 2000, Bunny Reuben, a film journalist, authored a biography on Pran, titled "...and Pran". The name of this book arises from the fact that in majority of Pran's movies, his name was credited in the last after all the other actors, "...and Pran". His biography, "...and Pran", was a tribute to about 250 of his 350 movies that had his name at the end of the credits, usually with the words "...and Pran" and sometimes "...above all, Pran".


title: Pran (actor)

text: Pran has been honoured with awards for his portrayal of negative characters. He has received three Filmfare Awards in the Best Supporting Actor category for "Upkar", "Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool" and "Be-Imaan". However, in 1973 when he was awarded for his role of constable Ram Singh in "Be-Imaan", he refused to accept the award stating that the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director should have gone to Ghulam Mohammed for "Pakeezah" and not to the musical duo Shankar Jaikishan for "Be-imaan". He was awarded with three Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for his supporting roles.


title: Pran (actor)

text: For his vast contributions to Indian cinema, Pran has been honoured with Lifetime Achievement awards, including those of Filmfare, Star Screen Awards and Zee Cine Awards. In 2001, the Government of India conferred the Padma Bhushan on him. In April 2013, he was announced to be the winner of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the most prestigious award of the Indian cinema, presented by the Government of India. The award was presented to him at the 60th National Film Awards for his lifetime of work in the film industry. He could not attend the 60th National Film Awards in May 2013 where he was to be presented the Dadasaheb Phalke Award. Instead, Information and Broadcasting minister Manish Tewari presented the award at Pran's home in Mumbai. Celebrities congratulated him on this occasion with Amitabh Bachchan calling him "a large pillar of the Indian Film Industry" on Twitter. He was a contender of the award for the previous year with Manoj Kumar and Vyjayanthimala, but Soumitra Chatterjee was chosen as the awardee.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Sub-Zero is a fictional character in the "Mortal Kombat" fighting game franchise by Midway Games and NetherRealm Studios. A warrior from the fictional Lin Kuei clan (), the character is principally defined by his ability to control ice in many forms. He is the only fighter to appear in every main installment of the series, along with being featured as the protagonist of the action-adventure spin-off "" (1997).


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: The franchise's main Sub-Zero is Kuai Liang (). Debuting in "Mortal Kombat II" (1993), he has used the mantle in every chronological game since his introduction. The mantle was previously used in the original 1992 game and "Mythologies" by his older brother Bi-Han (), who appears in subsequent installments as Noob Saibot. In contrast with Bi-Han's anti-heroic and later villainous role in the franchise, the main Sub-Zero is depicted as one of the heroic fighters defending Earthrealm against various threats. Sub-Zero also appears as both a rival and ally of the formerly undead specter Scorpion.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: One of "Mortal Kombat"s signature characters, Sub-Zero has appeared in various related media outside of the games. He has received acclaim for his appearance, abilities, and Fatality finishing moves.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: The elder Sub-Zero appears as a playable character in the original 1992 "Mortal Kombat" game and the protagonist of the 1997 spin-off/prequel "". He was sent by the Chinese ninja clan Lin Kuei to kill the host Shang Tsung. Scorpion held an enmity towards Sub-Zero due to rivalry between their opposing warrior clans (Scorpion's Japanese clan was unnamed). It is revealed that Scorpion was earlier killed by the Sub-Zero, and Scorpion was allowed to return to the physical realms as an undead spectre to take revenge upon Sub-Zero.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In "Mortal Kombat II" (1993), the younger Sub-Zero is introduced. Upon his brother's death in the first tournament and Shang Tsung's survival, Sub-Zero is sent by the Lin Kuei to enter the Outworld tournament and complete his brother's unfinished task. Scorpion enters the tournament to ensure Sub-Zero's demise. However Scorpion witnesses this Sub-Zero spare an opponent's life; something the original Sub-Zero was not known to do. Scorpion eventually discovers the new Sub-Zero's true identity as the younger brother, in return for taking his older brother's life, vows to protect him forever.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In "Mortal Kombat 3" (1995), Sub-Zero and his fellow Lin Kuei clansman Smoke attempt to escape from their clan after they start converting their warriors into cyborgs, but the latter ends up captured and turned into one anyway alongside Sektor and Cyrax; the former of whom was known to usurp Sub-Zero for his own benefit. The three Cyber Lin Kuei ninjas are programmed to hunt and exterminate Sub-Zero, who by this time had received a vision from Raiden and agreed to join a rebellion against a new threat. In addition to the current Sub-Zero, "Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3" (1995) and "Mortal Kombat Trilogy" (1996) include a non-canonical playable character known as "Classic Sub-Zero". His biography states that although he was believed to have died after the first Mortal Kombat tournament, he returned to assassinate Shang Tsung. However, his ending states that he is not Sub-Zero; rather he is an unidentified warrior who was missing from the previous tournament.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In "Mortal Kombat 4" (1997), Raiden once again summons Sub-Zero to assist in defending Earthrealm, this time against Shinnok. In the meantime, Sub-Zero fights Scorpion, who Quan Chi has tricked into believing the Lin Kuei warrior killed his family.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In "" (2002), Sub-Zero defeats Sektor in a fight for leadership of the Lin Kuei. He also meets his apprentice Frost and takes her to fight alongside Earthrealm's warriors against the titular alliance of Shang Tsung and Quan Chi.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In "" (2004), Sub-Zero joins the warrior Shujinko's group to defeat a new threat in the dragon king Onaga as well as confront Noob Saibot. In both "Deadly Alliance" and "" (2006), Sub-Zero battles Frost for the Lin Kuei's leadership and emerges victorious.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In "" (2005), which serves as a retelling of "Mortal Kombat II", Sub-Zero first appears as a boss character, but then allies with the protagonists Liu Kang and Kung Lao for a short time during the search for his older brother. He is last seen pursuing Saibot in the Netherrealm. Sub-Zero can also be unlocked as a playable character upon completing the game.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In ""s Konquest mode (2007), Sub-Zero faces the warrior Taven, though both eventually decide to ally to stop the invading Saibot and Smoke. After defeating them, Sub-Zero stays with the unconscious Saibot to find a way to save him.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Sub-Zero appears as a playable character in the non-canonical crossover title "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" (2009), which concerns a war between the eponymous fictional universes. In Sub-Zero's ending, he realizes he is no longer the assassin he once was and leaves the Lin Kuei. Inspired by Batman, he becomes a superhero. Unbeknownst to him, the Lin Kuei are hunting him for deserting them.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Both incarnations of Sub-Zero appear in the 2011 "Mortal Kombat" reboot game, with the younger assuming the mantle during standard gameplay. The reboot establishes the elder as Bi-Han and the latter as Kuai Liang, while also revealing that Liang used the codename "Tundra" before becoming Sub-Zero. While Bi-Han is still killed by Scorpion and becomes Saibot, Liang's fate changes in the second tournament due to Raiden's interference in an attempt to avert Armageddon. After he defeats Scorpion, Sub-Zero is captured and turned into a cyborg instead of Smoke and forced to serve the otherworldly dimension Outworld and its tyrannical ruler, Shao Kahn. However, he is able to regain his mind and joins Raiden's warriors to stop Shao Kahn. His reunion with Bi-Han as Saibot comes much earlier than it did in the original timeline when he attempts to prevent Quan Chi's Soulnado from forming. After defeating his brother, Sub-Zero is relieved by Native American warrior Nightwolf. However, Shao Kahn's wife, Sindel, electrocutes Sub-Zero before Quan Chi "resurrects" and enslaves him in the Netherrealm as an undead revenant. Sub-Zero's background is further clarified during this installment as well, as it is revealed that the two brothers were in fact abducted by the Lin Kuei as infants after the clan murdered their parents.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In "Mortal Kombat X", which takes place two years after the previous game, Sub-Zero continues to serve Quan Chi. It is explained in the tie-in comics that Quan Chi used his magic to recreate his original body to free him of his cyborg body. While serving in Quan Chi's attack on Earthrealm, Sub-Zero and Scorpion are resurrected by Raiden. Over the course of the following twenty-five years, Liang becomes the new grandmaster of the Lin Kuei after defeating Sektor with a computer virus provided by Kung Jin and Bo' Rai Cho; freeing Cyrax and the other cyberized Lin Kuei warriors. He also discovered Quan Chi's role in Bi-Han's downfall and made amends with Scorpion, now Hanzo Hasashi, after revealing Quan Chi and Sektor's involvement in the Shirai Ryu warrior's clan and family's deaths to him. Sub-Zero would later come to the aid of Cassie Cage's team after they are ambushed by Outworld forces while trying to stop Shinnok. While Sub-Zero appears as a playable character in his human form, his cybernetic form is reused as a hidden variation for the DLC character Triborg.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In "Mortal Kombat 11", which takes place a further two years after "MKX", the keeper of time Kronika brings a past version of Sektor to the present, who kidnaps Sub-Zero's Lin Kuei clansmen to forcibly convert them back into Cyber Lin Kuei and bolster Kronika's forces. In response, Sub-Zero works with Hasashi to infiltrate Sektor's factory and avenge his fallen clansmen, recruiting a time-displaced Cyrax to help them further. Along the way, they encounter Saibot and Frost, the latter whom had abandoned the Lin Kuei over being denied leadership and turned herself into a cyborg after becoming Sektor's second-in-command. Together, Sub-Zero and Hasashi defeat their enemies and force them to retreat before Cyrax shuts down the factory. Due to his Lin Kuei base, among other locations, being compromised by Kronika's allies, Sub-Zero joins his fellow Earthrealm allies at the Shirai Ryu Fire Gardens to assist in formulating a plan to defeat Kronika. At Hasashi's suggestion, he and Sub-Zero head to the Netherrealm to recruit the ferryman Kharon, whom they met while they were revenants. However, Hasashi sends Sub-Zero back to tell Raiden that Kharon will help them while he saves the ferryman from Kronika's minion D'Vorah. When a time-displaced Scorpion arrives bearing news of Hasashi's death by D'Vorah's hand, Sub-Zero initially assumes he is lying and gets into a brief fight with him before realizing the truth with help from Liu Kang. Sub-Zero later takes part in the final battle at Kronika's keep alongside the combined Earthrealm/Outworld armies. In "Aftermath" expansion storyline, takes place after Scorpion keeps his late-present-self's promise to join Raiden's force, Sub-Zero forgives Scorpion when the latter confirms to have not expected Shang Tsung's presence as well, nor being his ally, and both thought the sorcerer corrupted Fujin, until everything settled down once the Wind God and the sorcerer reveals the truth about the future where they came from, along with their successful preservation of Kronika's crown from falling into Cetrion's hand. In Sub-Zero's non-canonical ending, after defeating Kronika, he considers Bi-Han and his time as Saibot, as well as learning his brother's corruption was caused by Sektor earlier, and forges a new timeline where he is able to reform his brother and fight alongside him once again.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Sub-Zero has also featured as a guest/cameo character in three non-fighting Midway Games titles: "NBA Jam Tournament Edition" (1995), "The Grid" (2000), and "MLB Slugfest: Loaded" (2004).


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Sub-Zero makes a cameo appearance in "" (2013) during Scorpion's intro, in which the latter is about to perform a fatality on the former before being mysteriously pulled into the "Injustice" universe.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In the indie-game "Punch Club", a ninja named Sub-273 serves as the game's final boss, with his character design based on the first "Mortal Kombat" film; the "-273" being a reference to the Celsius representation of 0 kelvin, which is considered absolute zero.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Sub-Zero appears as a playable character alongside Raiden via downloadable content in the game's sequel, "Injustice 2" (2017). Despite making references to "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe", Sub-Zero's ending suggests he was also mysteriously pulled to the "Injustice" universe during the near-end events of "Mortal Kombat X". In his arcade ending, following his victory over the alien Brainiac, Sub-Zero worked with Batman to find a way back to his universe. In the meantime, the former became a teacher to the latter's younger allies, while waiting for the gate to his home "Mortal Kombat" universe prepared. After the tyrannical Superman is accidentally freed from the Phantom Zone when the gate to "Mortal Kombat" dimension gone awry however, a duty-bound Sub-Zero chooses to stay for as long as he needs to so he can assist the Justice League in re-imprisoning him.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Sub-Zero has Ice powers and was first conceived by "Mortal Kombat" co-creator John Tobias as a mysterious character named simply "Ninja". According to Richard Divizio, the Lin Kuei idea was his input back at the very beginning of the development, in the project that had been cancelled by Midway Games before being restarted later, and in which "originally John [Tobias] had Japanese ninjas". Tobias wrote this inspiration came from the controversial book "China's Ninja Connection" by Li Hsing, which "posits historical evidence for the existence of the Lin Kuei and their influence on the Japanese ninja. I was aware of there being some controversy about the author’s claims. So when we split the character in two for palette swaps, I thought it would be fitting that one was of Chinese origin and the other Japanese to kind of embody the argument." According to Tobias, the original "Hunter&Hunted concept was going [to be] about a ninja escaping from his clan and hunted by another member. We used that later for SZ in "MK3"." Daniel Pesina recalled Tobias' idea involved two ninja brothers, one of whom "wants to lead the clan, so he kills the father who is their teacher". Sub-Zero's early name had been Tundra, but it was changed after a member of the design team saw the 1987 film "The Running Man" in which the first assassin fought by Arnold Schwarzenegger's character used the name (albeit not hyphenated).


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: The character has primarily been portrayed or voiced by non-Asian actors. Midway Games later explained Sub-Zero's rather occidental appearance for a Chinese assassin by giving him a white mother. According to this new backstory, his father had a wife, two sons, and a daughter while he lived in America to hide his personal role as an assassin for the Lin Kuei. Sub-Zero was originally portrayed by Daniel Pesina, who also first came up with the Lin Kuei idea. At first, Pesina was using a cheap store-bought ninja costume, purchased by him because of budget reasons, that was a size too small and thus caused problems during the filming session. Midway Games programmer Josh Tsui portrayed the unmasked younger Sub-Zero in the character's "Mortal Kombat II" ending.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Sub-Zero's early costumes have been very simple due to technical limitations. "Mortal Kombat" co-creator Ed Boon noted that Kuai Liang's counterpart from DC Comics is Batman as both are "dark, mysterious, brooding characters". Tobias said that Sub-Zero was unmasked in "Mortal Kombat 3" in order to stir up fan speculation about the character's backstory. The new Sub-Zero made his official debut on the cover of "GamePro" April 1995 issue, with Turk's red outfit tinted blue (as it was for the game), but the photo used was a reversed negative, as his scar was over his left eye. Since "Mortal Kombat 3", Sub-Zero has had a scar running down from his forehead and across his right eye as a mark of death. The scar was originally red, and later changed to blue in "Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance" as a result of Sub-Zero's enhanced powers. In "Mortal Kombat: Deception", his scar has faded to the point where it can no longer be seen. He now wore an armored uniform heavily inspired by Dynastic era Chinese battle armor, though it was often criticized by fans as being too reminiscent of "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" villain, the Shredder. However, Sub-Zero's alternate uniform was very reminiscent of Chinese culture, even featuring Sub-Zero without a cowl and a Qing dynasty-era hairstyle. In "Mortal Kombat: Armageddon", Sub-Zero reverts to his masked costume from "Deadly Alliance", retaining the scar, which is not part of his alternate costume (which is the primary one from "Deception"). Since "Deadly Alliance", Sub-Zero is the only character who has shown considerable signs of aging. Concept art from "Deadly Alliance" depicted him with a graying, receding hairline, and a more pale and gaunt face, while his scar was now blue and his forearms frozen over. Although Sub-Zero originally had blue eyes, they turned white after he obtained the Dragon Medallion in the game. Sub-Zero's appearance in "Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks" was one of the most revised ones from the title. Character lead Mark Lappin did almost ten passes on his design; producer Shaun Himmerick noted that "we went through literally 5-6 heads and styles of head costume on him" and commented that Sub-Zero's design in "Mortal Kombat" was difficult to make although most people called it "simple". In the end, the staff was satisfied with his final look in the game as it reminisces them to his classic outfit. His appearance in "Injustice 2" was redesigned by Jim Lee.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: When he first appeared in the first "Mortal Kombat", Sub-Zero featured only two special moves: his ice blast and sliding kick. These moves have become Sub-Zero's trademark since then, being featured in every game that Sub-Zero has appeared in ("Mortal Kombat II" and subsequent games feature the younger Sub-Zero). "Mortal Kombat II" added his ground freeze move, and two new Fatalities including the now-famous one where he would freeze and shatter the victim. According to Boon, Sub-Zero's Freeze was originally omitted from the game in place of the Ice Shower, but was brought back in the next revision following fan feedback at a local arcade. Sub-Zero's "Predator"-inspired Fatality, the "Spine Rip," is considered by Boon to be his favorite Fatality from the first game as well as the most controversial. Some home versions of the first game replaced the "Spine Rip" with another finishing move due to its violent content, for instance the SNES port had a freeze and shatter finishing move due to Nintendo's "family friendly" policies. Unlike other returning characters whose moves remained intact, the spine rip Fatality was not carried over to "Mortal Kombat II" and "Mortal Kombat 3," (an explanation is because Kuai Liang was heroic compared to his villainous brother Bi-Han) but was brought back in "Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3" as one of Classic Sub-Zero's finishers. However, the move was intentionally censored by Midway; right after he grabbed onto his opponent, the screen went black and only the resulting sound effects were heard. This was due to the development team choosing not to animate the spine rip fatality for each of the updated character sprites in the game. The Nintendo 64 port of "Mortal Kombat Trilogy" gives all of the younger Sub-Zero's special techniques and finishing moves to the classic masked version, due to the fact the N64's cartridge format had memory restrictions that did not allow the use of both masked and unmasked characters. The developers had to remove the "Spine Rip" from "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" as that game was aimed at a younger audience. Sub-Zero also gained a teleporting move in the game in which he freezes himself and falls back to the ground, appearing behind the foe.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Sub-Zero is the only character to be playable in every iteration of the primary fighting game series. "", one of the two Game Boy Advance ports of "Deadly Alliance", is the franchise's only fighting game not to feature him as a player character, although the elder Sub-Zero is present in his Noob Saibot identity. The action-adventure spin-off "" is the only game entirely without Sub-Zero.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: The "Mortal Kombat 3" version of the younger Sub-Zero made a cameo appearance in the epilogue of Malibu Comics' 1995 "Mortal Kombat: Battlewave" miniseries, in which he froze a group of Lin Kuei while proclaiming that the clan was corrupted and no longer worthy of his services. This subplot was never developed as the "Mortal Kombat" comic book series folded shortly thereafter.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: François Petit portrays the elder Sub-Zero in first "Mortal Kombat" film. In the film, Sub Zero is mind controlled slave to Shang Tsung and faces off against Liu Kang in the Tournament. In the fight, he forms an invincible ice shield. With advice from Kitana, Liu uses water to form a spear that kills Sub Zero. Set in the same continuity as the 95 film, the Elder Sub-Zero, appears in the animated film "" voiced by Jim Cummings.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: The younger Sub-Zero is one of the leading characters in the animated series "", where he is voiced by Luke Perry. There, Sub-Zero is a member of a good group of warriors assembled by Raiden to defend Earthrealm from invaders who entered through portals from various other dimensions, alongside Jax, Kitana, Liu Kang, Nightwolf, Sonya and Stryker.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: The younger Sub-Zero made an appearance in "", where he was portrayed by Keith Cooke, who had played Reptile in the first movie. After saving both Liu Kang and Kitana from an ambush by Smoke, Sub-Zero has an inconclusive fight with Scorpion, who kidnaps Kitana and escapes. He urges Liu Kang to seek out Nightwolf, as instructed by Raiden, before going after Kitana, then leaves Liu Kang to continue on his quest.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: An ancestor of the younger Sub-Zero is featured in two episodes of the live-action series "", and was played by J. J. Perry. He was a Lin Kuei assassin hired by Shang Tsung to defeat Great Kung Lao and retrieve a magic crystal from his home, which had the ability to transport its keeper to other dimensions. Sub-Zero's rivalry with Scorpion was also featured, in which Scorpion murdered Sub-Zero's sister and Sub-Zero killed Scorpion's lover in retaliation. The two fought to a draw and Scorpion escaped when Kung Lao and his friends came to Sub-Zero's aid. Sub-Zero was subsequently berated by the Lin Kuei for his weakness, resulting in him killing the Grandmaster.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: The elder Sub-Zero appears in the seventh episode of the live-action series "" portrayed by Kevan Ohtsji, assassinating a shogun whom Hanzo Hasashi was supposed to protect and fought against him at the end of part one. In the next episode it is revealed that Quan Chi impersonated him in order to deceive Scorpion into believing that Sub-Zero murdered his family and clan to enact a false sense of vengeance in him against Bi-Han and gain his allegiance for the upcoming Mortal Kombat tournament. In season two of "Legacy", Eric Steinberg portrayed Bi-Han while his brother Kuai Liang was played by Harry Shum. The relationship between Bi-Han and Hanzo is further explored, as they were childhood friends driven apart by the existing rivalry between their two clans, as well as the jealousy of Kuai Liang. When they become adults, Kuai Liang threatens Hanzo and his family while out for a walk and Hanzo is forced to kill Kuai Liang. Bi-Han, believing Hanzo was protecting his family, decides to end the feud between their two clans out of respect for his friend. He becomes saddened and enraged by the fact that his clan had supposedly killed Hanzo, his family, and his clan. He then discovers that Quan Chi had impersonated him. Having been chosen to fight for Earthrealm in Mortal Kombat, he encounters Hanzo on the battlefield. Bi-Han's efforts to explain himself to Hanzo are fruitless, as Hanzo is now an undead specter only responding to the name Scorpion, who then kills Bi-Han by ripping out his spine.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: He plays a supporting role in several issues of DC Comics' 2015 "Mortal Kombat X: Blood Ties" comic miniseries that is set before the events of the game.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In "" (2020), the elder Sub-Zero is initially depicted as the ruthless killer of Scorpion's wife and son. He is killed by Scorpion during the Mortal Kombat tournament on Shang Tsung's island. At the end of the movie it is revealed that Quan Chi impersonated the original Sub-Zero through sorcery, convinced the Lin Kuei clan to assault the Shirai Ryu, and killed Scorpion's wife and son in order to manipulate Scorpion into becoming his champion.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: The elder Sub-Zero is the main villain of the 2021 "Mortal Kombat" reboot film, and is played by Joe Taslim. Bi-Han and the Lin Kuei serve Outworld willingly, and he personally attacks and kills Hanzo Hasashi's family, while he is additionally responsible for the destruction of Jax's arms. At the end of the film, Sub-Zero is cornered by the specter Scorpion and new hero/descendant Cole Young and burned alive before his body is claimed by Shang Tsung.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kuai Liang appears in the 2021 animated film "" voiced by Bayardo De Murguia. He returns in the 2022 sequel "" and was voiced by Ron Yuan.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Merchandise items of the character include action figures, statues, and a joystick released along with "Mortal Kombat: Deception" for the PlayStation 2.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Deemed as one of the most popular and recognizable characters in the "Mortal Kombat" franchise, as well as in the fighting-genre as a whole, Sub-Zero is regarded as the franchise's most iconic character along with Scorpion. He was given the award of the best fighter of 1997 by "SuperGamePower" (readers vote). His redesign in "Mortal Kombat 3" was disliked by "GamePro," which they deemed "suspenders" and compared his scar to a red smear. However, his appearance in "Deadly Alliance" received praise by Gaming Age's Tim Lewinson noting that "Sub-Zero never looked so good." GameDaily listed his appearance in "Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero" as one of his worst moments. On the other hand, IGN staff liked how Sub-Zero was given his own video game, noting him to be one of the series' most popular characters, and that "it offers gamers a new look at Sub Zero." A GamesRadar article from 2011 discussed his and Scorpion's evolution across the "Mortal Kombat" series, citing them as its two most popular characters. The rivalry between Sub-Zero and Batman in "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" was emphasized by IGN who noted that although both characters were extremely powerful, Sub-Zero's freezing skills were more entertaining than Batman's abilities. Den of Geek listed the first Sub-Zero as the eighth best "Mortal Kombat" character, praising his role in "Mythologies Sub-Zero" whereas the second Sub-Zero was listed as the top "Mortal Kombat" based on many of his actions such as his rivalry with Batman, as well as his role in the series such as his relationship with the Lin Kuei. Conversely, "Hype"r's John Dewhurst opined that what contributed to the failure of "Mythologies Sub-Zero" is that Sub-Zero's character alone "isn't that interesting without Johnny Cage and Kitana to bounce off."


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: In 2010, UGO ranked Sub-Zero ninth on their top list of "Mortal Kombat" characters, noting his ninja costume as the most iconic from the series. That same year, GamePlayBook ranked him as the best "Mortal Kombat" character, praising his freeze attacks and "Head Rip" Fatality, but the unmasked version of Sub-Zero was ranked as the third worst "Mortal Kombat" character. In 2011, ScrewAttack ranked Sub-Zero second in their Top 10 list of "Mortal Kombat" "kharacters" while Anthony Severino of Game Revolution tied him with Scorpion at the top of their list of the best "old school" "Mortal Kombat" fighters, noting both of them as the most popular characters from the franchise. In 2012, Sub-Zero placed third in UGO's list of top "Mortal Kombat" characters. That same year, IGN's Brian Altano and Ryan Clements chose him as the most iconic character of "Mortal Kombat" to represent the series against Jin Kazama of "Tekken" and Ryu of "Street Fighter".


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: IGN included Sub-Zero's first incarnation at 85th place in their list of 100 video game villains. He made it to the semifinals of GamesRadar's 2008 "Ultimate Character Battle!" poll, losing to Hulk. In 2009, GameSpy named him one of the 25 "extremely rough brawlers" in gaming, praising his fighting style. "Complex" ranked Sub-Zero as the fifth "most dominant" fighting game character in 2012, as well as the 24th "most badass" video game character of all time in 2013. The readers of Dorkly voted him the series' fourth (the elder Sub-Zero) and second (the younger) greatest character in a 2013 poll. Together, Scorpion and Sub-Zero were voted the fifth most iconic characters in the two decades of the PlayStation by readers of "PlayStation Official Magazine – UK" in 2015. Sub-Zero alone, ahead of Scorpion, placed third in a 2016 readers poll by "Hobby Consolas" for the most popular character in all fighting games.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: Sub-Zero was featured on numerous lists of the best video game ninja characters, including in these by CrunchGear (at number ten) in 2008, by Unreality (at number four) in 2009, and ScrewAttack (at number five) in 2010. Scorpion and Sub-zero shared the fifth place on the top video game ninja list by "PC World" in 2009 Virgin Media too featured him on their list of "top ten ninjas", while GamesRadar featured him in their 2008 article discussing the top video game assassins, stating that "his bloody ways and ability to freeze opponents solid enabled him to punch his way into the hearts of arcade gamers everywhere." In 2012, BBC News mentioned Sub-Zero as a prominent example of "Western ninja-inspired nonsense" in popular culture.


title: Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

text: His ice-projectile technique has been noted by 1UP.com to be one of the best mechanics that changed video games due to how practical it is as it gives players the opportunity of making any move while the opponent is frozen. Prima Games listed the same move as the 23rd in fighting games due to how it paralyses enemies, allowing the player to attack the enemy. Additionally, the same site ranked his "Spinal Rip Fatality" 12th due to how Sub-Zero holds the enemy's head after decapitating him. According to GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann, the unlocking of the hidden character Classic Sub-Zero in "Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3" was "annoying" to the point that players would not do it. In 2010, ScrewAttack ranked Sub-Zero's original Fatality as the best in the series and credited its infamy with the creation of the ESRB video game ratings system.


title: Legality of incest in the United States

text: In the United States, the legality of incest varies widely between jurisdictions regarding both the definition of the offense and penalties for its commission.


title: Legality of incest in the United States

text: In all but two states (and the special case of Ohio, which "targets only parental figures"), incest is criminalized between consenting adults. In New Jersey and Rhode Island, incest between consenting adults (16 or over for Rhode Island, 18 or over for New Jersey) is not a criminal offense, though marriage is not allowed in either state. New Jersey also increases the severity of underage sex offenses by a degree if they are also incestuous, and criminalizes incest with 16-17 year olds (the normal age of consent in New Jersey is 16). Ohio allows incest between consenting adults only when one party is not a parental figure (see table below) to the other.


title: Legality of incest in the United States

text: , cases of incest involving consenting adults are often not revealed to outside parties, and therefore prosecutions of these cases do not frequently occur. Cases of parent-adult child incest exposed to law enforcement are usually uncovered by another parent.


title: Mesa

text: A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike "plateau", whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term "mesa" applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as "tablelands".


title: Mesa

text: As noted by Bryan in 1922, mesas "...stand distinctly above the surrounding country, as a table stands above the floor upon which it rests". It is from this appearance the term mesa was adopted from the Spanish word "mesa" meaning "table".


title: Mesa

text: A mesa is similar to, but has a more extensive summit area than, a butte. However, there is no agreed size limit that separates mesas from either buttes or plateaus. For example, the flat-topped mountains, which are known as mesas, in the Cockburn Range of North Western Australia have areas as much as . In contrast, flat topped hills, which are as small as in area, in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains, Germany, are described as mesas.


title: Mesa

text: Less strictly, a very broad, flat-topped, usually isolated hill or mountain of moderate height bounded on at least one side by a steep cliff or slope and representing an erosion remnant also have been called mesas.


title: Mesa

text: In the English language geomorphic and geologic literature, other terms for mesa have also been used. For example, in the Roraima region of Venezuela, the traditional name, "tepui", from the local Pomón language, and the term "table mountains" have been used to describe local flat-topped mountains. Similar landforms in Australia are known as tablehills, table-top hills, tent hills, or jump ups (jump-ups). The German term Tafelberg has also been used in the English scientific literature in the past.


title: Mesa

text: Mesas form by weathering and erosion of horizontally layered rocks that have been uplifted by tectonic activity. Variations in the ability of different types of rock to resist weathering and erosion cause the weaker types of rocks to be eroded away, leaving the more resistant types of rocks topographically higher than their surroundings. This process is called differential erosion. The most resistant rock types include sandstone, conglomerate, quartzite, basalt, chert, limestone, lava flows and sills. Lava flows and sills, in particular, are very resistant to weathering and erosion, and often form the flat top, or caprock, of a mesa. The less resistant rock layers are mainly made up of shale, a softer rock that weathers and erodes more easily.


title: Mesa

text: The differences in strength of various rock layers are what give mesas their distinctive shape. Less resistant rocks are eroded away on the surface into valleys, where they collect water drainage from the surrounding area, while the more resistant layers are left standing out. A large area of very resistant rock, such as a sill, may shield the layers below it from erosion while the softer rock surrounding it is eroded into valleys, thus forming a caprock.


title: Mesa

text: Differences in rock type also reflect on the sides of a mesa, as instead of smooth slopes, the sides are broken into a staircase pattern called "cliff-and-bench topography". The more resistant layers form the cliffs, or stair steps, while the less resistant layers form gentle slopes, or benches, between the cliffs. Cliffs retreat and are eventually cut off from the main cliff, or plateau, by basal sapping. When the cliff edge does not retreat uniformly but instead is indented by headward eroding streams, a section can be cut off from the main cliff, forming a mesa.


title: Mesa

text: Basal sapping occurs as water flowing around the rock layers of the mesa erodes the underlying soft shale layers, either as surface runoff from the mesa top or from groundwater moving through permeable overlying layers, which leads to slumping and flowage of the shale. As the underlying shale erodes away, it can no longer support the overlying cliff layers, which collapse and retreat. When the caprock has caved away to the point where only little remains, it is known as a butte.


title: Mesa

text: A transitional zone on Mars, known as fretted terrain, lies between highly cratered highlands and less cratered lowlands. The younger lowland exhibits steep walled mesas and knobs. The mesa and knobs are separated by flat lying lowlands. They are thought to form from ice-facilitated mass wasting processes from ground or atmospheric sources. The mesas and knobs decrease in size with increasing distance from the highland escarpment. The relief of the mesas range from nearly to depending on the distance they are from the escarpment.


title: Agent Smith

text: Agent Smith (later simply Smith) is a fictional character and the main antagonist of "The Matrix" franchise. He was primarily portrayed by Hugo Weaving in the first trilogy of films and voiced by Christopher Corey Smith in "" (2005), with Ian Bliss and Gideon Emery playing his human form, Bane, in the films and "Path of Neo" respectively. He also makes a cameo in the anime film "The Animatrix" (2003), voiced by Matt McKenzie. Jonathan Groff and Yahya Abdul-Mateen II portray Smith in "The Matrix Resurrections" (2021), the latter playing Morpheus in a dual role.


title: Agent Smith

text: In 2008, Agent Smith was selected by "Empire Magazine" as the 84th Greatest Movie Character of All Time. In 2013, Weaving reprised the role for a General Electric advertisement. He is considered to be the archenemy of Neo who is the main protagonist of the story.


title: Agent Smith

text: Smith began as an Agent, an AI program in the Matrix programmed to keep order within the system by terminating human simulacra which would bring instability to the simulated reality, as well as any rogue programs that no longer serve a purpose to the Machine collective. To this end, Smith and his fellow Agents possess a number of superhuman attributes from their ability to bend the rules of the Matrix. Smith manifests his physical form by inhabiting and overwriting the simulated body of a human wired into the Matrix; by moving from body to body, he can reform himself if he is "killed" (which only kills the host body) and appear virtually anywhere. He can overcome the limitations of gravity and the human body, giving him speed and strength sufficient to dodge bullets flawlessly, punch through concrete with his bare hands, jump impossible distances, and easily recover from devastating physical assaults. He and other Agents wear dark green business suits with matching neckties, white dress shirts, and sunglasses with rectangular lenses. They use earpiece radios that allow them to communicate with each other instantaneously and perceive the actions of other humans wired into the Matrix via a type of shared consciousness. When Smith removes his earpiece during the first film, he is left unaware of the attack on the building in which he is holding Morpheus. Smith is armed in the first film with the Desert Eagle, chambered for high-caliber .50 AE ammunition, as is standard with all Agents within the Matrix.


title: Agent Smith

text: At the end of the first film, Smith appears to have been deleted by Neo. However, in the sequels, Smith is revealed to have been linked to Neo, which enabled him to resist being sent to the Source – the Machines' mainframe, where obsolete or malfunctioning programs are deleted. No longer an Agent, Smith is liberated from the Machines' control and exists as a renegade program that manifests himself akin to a self-replicating computer virus compared to his original Agent-based ability to inhabit a single body wired into the Matrix. Smith gains the power to copy his physical form onto any entity in the Matrix by phasing his hand into their body and spreading a black liquid that transforms them into a copy of himself, resulting in an ever-growing army of Smiths connected by a single consciousness. By copying himself onto a human redpill in the process of disconnecting from the Matrix, Smith overwrites their consciousness and takes control of their body in the real world. This is seen when Smith takes over Bane's body in "The Matrix Reloaded"; however, he is repelled when he attempts to do the same to Morpheus and Neo. Smith's real power comes from his ability to absorb memories and powers from his victims, human and program alike, culminating in him taking over the Oracle and fighting Neo in the final battle of the Matrix series. Neo allows himself to be overwritten during the battle, thus giving the Machines an opportunity to delete Smith and return the Matrix and its inhabitants to normal.


title: Agent Smith

text: In the first film, Smith is one of the three Agents sent to deal with Morpheus. After Neo is successfully removed from the Matrix, Smith arranges Morpheus' capture by bribing Cypher, a disillusioned member of Morpheus' crew, with reintegration into The Matrix. Upon his capture of Morpheus, he then attempts, to no avail, to get Morpheus to supply the codes to Zion's mainframe, eventually being forced to admit to Morpheus his personal motives of wishing to get away from the Matrix regarding his accessing its mainframe. Ironically, this has him missing key intel about Neo and Trinity's entry into Morpheus's holding area due to removing his earpiece briefly. When Neo manages to free Morpheus, Smith, after ordering the dispatch of Sentinels to the "Nebuchadezzer", then interferes with Neo's escape, with Neo managing to put up a fight against Smith while the latter dominated the fight overall, and narrowly win by breaking free of Smith when the latter tried to force him to be run over by a train. However, he survived and proceeded alongside his fellow Agents engage in a lengthy cross-town chase. Shortly after Neo escapes the fight, Smith guns him down, having anticipated his destination. Neo revives, realizes his power as the One, and subsequently defeats Smith by entering his body and destroying the code from within.


title: Agent Smith

text: As a result of his contact with Neo from the first film, Smith is "unplugged" in the second film, no longer an Agent of the system but a "free man". This is signified by the lack of an earpiece, which he sends to Neo in an envelope as a message early in the film. His appearance has changed in the second film as well; his sunglasses now have an angular shape different from the Agents' oblong lenses, approximating the shape of the ones Neo wears. His suit and tie are now jet black, as opposed to the dark green tint from the first film. He still possesses the abilities of an Agent, but instead of being able to jump from one human to another, he is able to copy himself over any human or program in the Matrix through direct contact; this includes humans wired into the Matrix, non-Agent programs with human forms, redpills, and other Agents. Smith retains the memories and abilities, if any, of the one over which he copies himself. This ability is much like how a virus replicates, creating an ironic contrast with the first film, where Smith likens humanity to a virus. He also implies after Neo defeated his replacement agents Thompson, Jackson, and Johnson that Smith had existed during and was familiar with at least the fifth iteration of the Matrix and the events therein.


title: Agent Smith

text: He makes the claim that Neo has set him free. However, he believes there is an unseen purpose that still binds him to Neo. He tries to copy his programming onto Neo, but when this fails, he and dozens of his clones attack him, forcing Neo to flee. Later, he and his clones try to stop Neo from reaching the machine mainframe, without success, although he nonetheless was successful in mortally wounding the Keymaker.


title: Agent Smith

text: Smith copies himself onto Bane (Ian Bliss), a crew member of the Zion hovercraft "Caduceus". While waiting to leave the Matrix with a message from The Oracle, Bane is attacked and overwritten by Smith, who then takes control of his body in the real world. Smith tests his control over the body by making Bane cut his own arm, in preparation for an assassination attempt on Neo that he quickly abandons. He later sabotages the Zion fleet's defense of the city by triggering one ship's electromagnetic pulse weapon too early, knocking out the other ships and allowing the Sentinels to overrun them.


title: Agent Smith

text: By the start of the third film, Smith has managed to copy himself over nearly every humanoid in the Matrix, giving him complete control over the "Core Network" (the underlying foundation of the inner workings of the Matrix), thus rendering him unstoppable even for the Machines themselves. The Oracle explains to Neo that he and Smith have become equal in power and that Smith is Neo's negative, a result of the Matrix's equation trying to balance itself. She tells Neo that Smith will destroy both the Matrix and the real world unless he is stopped. Smith soon assimilates the Oracle, gaining her power of foresight, and later manifests reality-bending powers equivalent to Neo's, such as the ability to fly. Meanwhile, in the real world, Bane (now under Smith's control) stows away on a ship being used by Neo and Trinity and tries to kill them both. Neo is blinded in the fight, but discovers that his new awareness of Machine technology allows him to perceive Smith's essence despite his destroyed eyes, allowing him to take Smith by surprise and kill him.


title: Agent Smith

text: Near the climax of the film, Neo offers a deal with the Machines to get rid of Smith in exchange for Zion's safety, warning them that Smith is beyond their control and will eventually spread to the machine city, which will result in destruction of both mankind and machines. Knowing that Neo is right, the Machines agree to his terms and command all Sentinels attacking Zion to stand down and wait for orders. They later give Neo a connection to enter the Matrix to stop Smith on their behalf. Although the Matrix is now populated exclusively by Smith and his clones, the Smith that has obtained the Oracle's powers battles Neo alone; as he explains, he has foreseen his victory, and has no need for the help of his copies. The two are almost evenly matched as the fight begins, though Neo's combat abilities seem arguably superior to that of Smith, the latter attacking more out of brute force, rather than the technical skill he displayed in the first film. This lasts, until Neo is able to punch Smith strongly enough to slam him into the street at least 20ft away. As the fight continues, however, it becomes clear that Neo cannot win with his finite stamina against the tireless Smith, who begins to dominate Neo in the fight; by the end of the fight, he is able to brutally beat Neo into near defeat. In the midst of this battle, Smith explains to Neo his final nihilistic revelation: "It was your life that taught me the purpose of all life. The purpose of life is to end."


title: Agent Smith

text: When Neo is near defeat, Smith demands to know why he continues to fight despite knowing he cannot win. Neo calmly responds, "Because I choose to" and is viciously pummeled by the enraged Smith as a result. Suddenly recognizing the scene from his prophecy, Smith is compelled to deliver the line he said in it: "I say... Everything that has a beginning has an end, Neo." His own words confuse and frighten him and Neo realizes that he cannot overpower Smith and allows himself to be assimilated. Because Agent Smith has assimilated the anomaly (Neo), he is now directly connected to the Source through Neo and the machines are able to destroy all copies of his programming and reboot the Matrix without errors. The process apparently kills Neo, but it also purges the Matrix of Smith's infection, restoring all who had been infected to their original forms. Neo's body is carried away by the machines, and an uncertain peace is established between Zion and the machine world.


title: Agent Smith

text: Smith returns in "The Matrix Resurrections", portrayed by Jonathan Groff. Despite his defeat at the end of "The Matrix Revolutions", Smith survived destruction because Neo survived, though he lost the ability to copy himself over others, instead retaining only the abilities he possessed when he was an Agent. When the Analyst created the new version of the Matrix in order to keep Neo subdued so that the Machines' energy crisis could be solved, Smith took on a new shell in order to remain hidden. The Analyst, the creator of the new Matrix, found that Neo and Smith were bonded, and he chose to turn that bond into a 'chain': as Neo was suppressed, Smith was similarly suppressed, taking the role of Thomas Anderson's business partner, with an eye for the bottom line. Neo, in his original persona of Thomas Anderson, created a video game series based on his suppressed memories. After Neo reawakens to the Matrix, Smith regained his memories and attacked Neo, stating that he had come to like the freedom that he had been granted, and that Neo's potential return to unawareness threatened that freedom. Smith then appears at Simulatte, during Neo and Trinity's confrontation with the Analyst, saving them and aides them in fighting the Analyst's forces. Smith shoots the Analyst, causing him to vanish. Addressing Neo as Tom, Smith declares their unexpected alliance to be over, and states that the difference between the two of them is that "anyone could've been you whereas I've always been anyone." Smith then departs from his host body, leaving the man confused by the experience.


title: Agent Smith

text: Neo also subconsciously created a version of Agent Smith in a modal influenced by his suppressed memories. This version of Agent Smith (portrayed by Yahya Abdul-Mateen II) was based upon Neo's memories of Morpheus amalgamated with his memories of the original Agent Smith, and was set free by Bugs, and became the new Morpheus.


title: Agent Smith

text: While it is unknown if it is actually him or merely just another Agent, as he was not directly named, an Agent with a heavy resemblance to Smith appears in "The Animatrix" film "Beyond", ordering a group of exterminators to capture Yoko and a group of kids and destroy a programming glitch in the form of an abandoned building that was causing whoever entered there to achieve complex athletic stunts without danger of serious injury or death. Earlier, he and the Agents perceived the abandoned building as an instability to the Matrix programming, and were already planning to eliminate it. Another Agent appears in "World Record," again resembling Smith, but wearing a trench coat over his usual suit and tie, where he and his fellow Agents attempt to stop a marathon runner named Dan from breaking a world record and disrupting his "signal," or connection to the Matrix, which means being able to escape from the Matrix. The Agents possess Dan's competitors and try to stop him from reaching the finish line and break his record. He appears in the end, reporting that Dan is a wheelchair user and thus unable to run or walk again, until he notices him trying to get up and repeatedly whisper "free," enraging him. However, when Dan instead falls on the floor and is helped up, the Agent is nowhere to be seen.


title: Agent Smith

text: Despite his destruction at the end of the film series, Agent Smith (or at least the remnants of his programming) managed to return and made several appearances inside the movie's official continuation, the MMORPG "The Matrix Online".


title: Agent Smith

text: The first infection was noted in Machine mission controller Agent Gray, whose background information confirms that he was overwritten by Smith at some point during the timeline of the second and third films. This infection had somehow survived the reboot at the end of the third film and rose to the surface once again during chapter 1.2, The Hunt For Morpheus. The Agent, in both a storyline related mission and live event, showed signs of uncharacteristic speech and emotion and eventually led an assault against Zionist redpills declaring 'their stench unbearable any longer'. As a result of his actions the agent was apprehended by his fellow system representatives and scheduled for a 'thorough code cleansing'. He has shown no signs of direct infection since.


title: Agent Smith

text: Machine liaison officer DifferenceEngine, following a similar scenario to that of the previous Agent Gray infection, also took on the dialect and emotional characteristics of the famous exile agent. Instead of attacking redpills, this instance insisted on finding 'Mr. Anderson'. In the end, the human/machine head relations liaison, Agent Pace, was made aware of the program's infection and subsequent crusade; she proceeded to lock down his RSI and return his program to the Source for analysis. His subsequent fate is unknown.


title: Agent Smith

text: The third victim of infection was the notorious bluepill Shane Black. This man was an unfortunate victim of the Smith Virus who, once infected, gained the ability to spread the code to others. This quickly led to a small scale outbreak, with several more bluepills becoming infected and joining forces in their hunt for power. He and the other infected were eventually cleansed and returned to their bluepill lives. Shane Black's troubles continued, as he was one of the bluepills recorded to have first witnessed Unlimited redpills practicing their newfound powers at the Uriah wharf. This triggered a resurgence of the memories formed during his Smith infection and he soon became volatile and insane. He is reported to have been mercifully killed shortly afterwards.


title: Agent Smith

text: The most recent appearance of the Smith virus was during the third anniversary events. The virus manifested itself in the form of black-suited men (although they lacked the distinct likeness of Smith). As redpills began to fight back using specialist code from the Oracle, the virus vanished suddenly, stating that he had obtained a new and more dangerous form. The nature of this form was never revealed.


title: Agent Smith

text: "", a video game covering the events of the entire film trilogy, features a different ending than that shown in "The Matrix Revolutions", with a new final boss: the "MegaSmith". The MegaSmith was used for gameplay reasons, because though the Wachowskis thought the martyr approach suitable for film, they also believed that in an interactive medium such as a video game (based upon the successful completion of goals), this would not work. So, this character was created to be the more appropriate "final boss" of "Path of Neo", with the final battle described by the siblings as "A little Hulk versus Galactus action". The MegaSmith is composed of destroyed buildings, cars, and parts of the road, with the "spectator Smiths" standing around the crater and in the streets acting as the MegaSmith's muscles, resulting in Smith not only becoming the city's people, but the city itself.


title: Agent Smith

text: After Neo knocks Smith into the crater in the level "Aerial Battle", Smith is sent flying through the ground and up through the street. As Neo relaxes, the surrounding Smiths walk away from the crater and begin assembling a gigantic, thirty-storey tall version of Smith from debris and vehicles. Neo flies up to face MegaSmith. After the fight, in which Neo significantly damages MegaSmith, Neo flies straight into MegaSmith's mouth, causing the Smiths throughout the Matrix to overload and explode. The player is then shown a short scene from "The Matrix: Revolutions" of the streets shining with light emanating from the destroyed Smiths.


title: Agent Smith

text: Agent Smith briefly appears in "The Lego Batman Movie". He appears as one of the inmates of the Phantom Zone. Agent Smith and his clones appear surveilling Joker's vandalized Wayne Island, and later appear as one of the multiple enemies attacking the heroes. Smith's clones also appear as enemies in the "Lego Batman Movie" story pack for "Lego Dimensions", adapting their role in the film.


title: Agent Smith

text: Agent Smith also appeared in the live-action/animated film "", which was also distributed by Warner Bros. He is among the Warner Bros. Serververse inhabitants that watch the basketball game between the Tune Squad and the Goon Squad.


title: Agent Smith

text: From the start it is evident that Agent Smith is significantly stronger, smarter, and more individualistic than the other Agents. While the other agents rarely act without consulting each other via their earpieces, to the point where they often finish each other's sentences, Smith is usually the one giving orders or using his earpiece to gather information for his own ends. Smith also appears to be the leader of other Agents in the first film, as he has the authority to launch Sentinel attacks in the real world. As with other Agents, Smith generally approaches problems through a pragmatic point of view but, if necessary, will also act with brute force and apparent rage, especially when provoked by Neo.


title: Agent Smith

text: The earpieces represent some form of control mechanism by the machines. It is notable that when he is interrogating Morpheus, he sends the other agents from the room, then removes his earpiece, releasing himself from the link to the machines before expressing his opinion of humanity. Early in the second film, Smith's earpiece is sent to Neo in an envelope as a message from Smith, representing Smith's newfound freedom.


title: Agent Smith

text: Agent Smith complains to Morpheus that the Matrix and its inhabitants smell disgusting, "if there is such a thing [as smell]". Smith has an open hatred of humans and their weakness of the flesh. He compares humanity to a virus; a disease organism that uncontrollably replicates and would inevitably destroy their environment were it not for the machine intelligences keeping them in check. Ironically, Smith eventually becomes a computer virus, multiplying until he has overrun the entire Matrix.


title: Agent Smith

text: At the same time, Smith develops an animosity towards the Matrix itself, feeling that he is as much a prisoner of it as the humans he is tasked with controlling. He later develops an immense and increasingly open desire for the destruction of both mankind and machines.


title: Agent Smith

text: He was also shown to be a nihilist, which eventually culminates in his statement that the purpose of life is to end, and crediting Neo's life for his determining this. During his final showdown with Neo, Smith angrily dismisses causes such as freedom, truth, peace, and love as simply human attempts to justify a meaningless and purposeless existence, and is completely unable to comprehend why Neo continues to fight him despite the knowledge that he cannot win.


title: Agent Smith

text: The Wachowskis have commented that Smith's gradual humanization throughout "The Matrix" is a process intended to mirror and balance Neo's own increasing power and understanding of the machine world.


title: Agent Smith

text: French actor Jean Reno was originally offered the role of Agent Smith in "The Matrix", but he declined as he was at one point of his career in which he did not want to leave his native France, unwilling to move to Australia for a four-and-a-half months shooting. Hugo Weaving was ultimately cast as Smith. According to Weaving, he enjoyed playing the character because it amused him. He went to develop a neutral accent but with more specific character for the role. He wanted Smith to sound neither human nor robotic. He also said that the Wachowskis' voices influenced his voice in the film. When filming for "The Matrix" began, Weaving mentioned that he was excited to be a part of something that would extend him.


title: Agent Smith

text: Following the announcement that Warner Bros. was planning a relaunch of "The Matrix" franchise, Hugo Weaving stated that he was open to reprising the role but only if the Wachowskis were involved. In 2019, "The Matrix Resurrections" was confirmed for a 2021 release, but Weaving would not be returning. Originally, Weaving was approached to reprise the role by Lana Wachowski, but he had scheduling conflicts with his involvement in Tony Kushner's theatrical adaptation of "The Visit", leading Wachowski to conclude that the dates would not work and write him out from the film. Jonathan Groff was cast to replace Weaving in the role, with Yahya Abdul-Mateen II portraying a version of Smith inside a modal created by Neo.


title: Agent Smith

text: All Agents (other than Agents Perry and Pace from "The Matrix Online" game, and the modal version of Agent Smith that becomes Morpheus in "The Matrix Resurrections") are white males, as opposed to the population of Zion, which contains people of many ethnic groups. Agents wear rectangular sunglasses, dark green business suits and neckties, and earpiece radios; after Smith loses his status as an Agent, his suit and tie turn black, his sunglasses take on an angled contour that approximates the rounded shape of the ones Neo wears, and he removes his earpiece and sends it to Neo. In contrast to the other Agents who show apathy toward the human race, Smith harbors an acute disgust with humanity. In the first film, he expresses a desire to leave the Matrix to escape its repulsive taint, and reasons that with Zion destroyed, his services will no longer be required, allowing him in some sense to 'leave' the Matrix. This at least partially explains his extreme antagonism towards Neo, who fights relentlessly to save Zion.


title: Agent Smith

text: Other Agents have common English names like Brown, Jones, and Thompson. It was mentioned in the Philosopher Commentary on the DVD collection that the names of Smith, Brown, and Jones may be endemic to the system itself, demonstrating a very "robotic" mindset on the part of the Machines.


title: Agent Smith

text: Neo's solitary role as the One is contrasted by Smith, who, by replicating himself, becomes "the many". When Neo asks the Oracle about Smith, the Oracle explains that Smith is Neo's opposite and his negative, the result of the Matrix's governing equations trying to balance themselves.


title: Agent Smith

text: Unlike the other characters in "The Matrix", Smith almost always refers to Neo as "Mr. Anderson". He calls him "Neo" only once in each part of the trilogy: the first time when he is interviewing Neo about his double life, the second when he is dropping off his earpiece for Neo, and the third when he is repeating a line of his vision to Neo.


title: Agent Smith

text: Weaving said of the film series in 2003 that it was always going to be a trilogy, and that as Neo's nemesis, Smith was always going to be there, describing Smith as "more of a free agent" later on in the series.


title: Agent Smith

text: Christopher Borrelli praised the writing of Smith, noting that the character "had all the good lines", and praising Weaving's portrayal of the character as showing "refreshingly nihilistic wit".


title: Agent Smith

text: The character has been described as a 1950s "organization man", like Sergeant Joe Friday from "Dragnet".


title: Agent Smith

text: Hugo Weaving reprised the role of Smith in a parody used for a 2013 GE General Electric advertisement, in which multiple copies of him appear throughout a hospital and the advertisement concludes with Smith offering a choice of a red or blue lollipop to a boy.


title: Amber Rayne

text: Meghan Wren (September 19, 1984 – April 2, 2016), known professionally as Amber Rayne, was an American pornographic actress.


title: Amber Rayne

text: Rayne was born in Detroit and raised in Northern California. She was of mixed Italian, Scottish and Native American descent. She attended California State University, Los Angeles. She worked as an extra in mainstream films and television shows prior to her adult film career.


title: Amber Rayne

text: Rayne entered the adult film industry in 2005. Early in her porn career she resided in Santa Monica, California. In April 2015 she announced her official retirement from adult films.


title: Amber Rayne

text: She came out of retirement to shoot her final adult film, "Wanted", later that year. She had already promised the film's director, Stormy Daniels, that she would be part of the film six years prior to shooting it. Besides performing, she had also worked in the adult-film industry as a fluffer, director, producer, and editor.


title: Amber Rayne

text: Rayne was a BDSM lifestyler both on-screen and in her personal life. She owned rabbits, a mule named Zephyr, and was a driving instructor. She had battled both non-Hodgkin lymphoma and uterine cancer.


title: Amber Rayne

text: Rayne collapsed and died at her home in Los Angeles, California, on April 2, 2016. In late June 2016, the Los Angeles County Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner's office announced that her death was caused by an accidental drug overdose through the consumption of a combination of cocaine and alcohol.


title: History of erotic depictions

text: The history of erotic depictions includes paintings, sculpture, photographs, dramatic arts, music and writings that show scenes of a sexual nature throughout time. They have been created by nearly every civilization, ancient and modern. Early cultures often associated the sexual act with supernatural forces and thus their religion is intertwined with such depictions. In Asian countries such as India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Japan and China, representations of sex and erotic art have specific spiritual meanings within native religions. The ancient Greeks and Romans produced much art and decoration of an erotic nature, much of it integrated with their religious beliefs and cultural practices.


title: History of erotic depictions

text: In more recent times, as communication technologies evolved, each new technique, such as printing, photography, motion pictures and computers, has been adapted to display and disseminate these depictions.


title: History of erotic depictions

text: In early times, erotic depictions were often a subset of the indigenous or religious art of cultures and as such were not set aside or treated differently than any other type. The modern concept of pornography did not exist until the Victorian era. Its current definition was added in the 1860s, replacing the older one meaning writings about prostitutes. It first appeared in an English medical dictionary in 1857 defined as "a description of prostitutes or of prostitution, as a matter of public hygiene." By 1864, the first version of the modern definition had appeared in "Webster's Dictionary": "licentious painting employed to decorate the walls of rooms sacred to bacchanalian orgies, examples of which exist in Pompeii." This was the beginning of what today refers to explicit pictures in general. Though some specific sex acts were regulated or prohibited by earlier laws, merely looking at objects or images depicting them was not outlawed in any country until 1857. In some cases, the possession of certain books, engravings or image collections was outlawed, but the trend to compose laws that actually restricted viewing sexually explicit things in general was a Victorian construct.


title: History of erotic depictions

text: When large-scale excavations of Pompeii were undertaken in the 1860s, much of the erotic art of the Romans came to light, shocking the Victorians who saw themselves as the intellectual heirs of the Roman Empire. They did not know what to do with the frank depictions of sexuality, and endeavored to hide them away from everyone but upper-class scholars. The movable objects were locked away in the Secret Museum in Naples, and what could not be removed was covered and cordoned off so as to not corrupt the sensibilities of women, children and the working class. England's (and the world's) first laws criminalising pornography were enacted with the passage of the Obscene Publications Act of 1857. Despite their occasional repression, depictions of erotic themes have been common for millennia.


title: History of erotic depictions

text: Pornography has existed throughout recorded history and has adapted to each new medium, including photography, cinema, video, and computers and the internet.


title: History of erotic depictions

text: The first instances of modern pornography date back to the sixteenth century when sexually explicit images differentiated itself from traditional sexual representations in European art by combining the traditionally explicit representation of sex and the moral norms of those times.


title: History of erotic depictions

text: The first amendment prohibits the U.S. government from restricting speech based on its content. Indecent speech is protected and may be regulated, but not banned. Obscenity is the judicially recognized exception to the first amendment. Historically, this exception was used in an attempt to ban information about sex education, studies on nudism, and sexually explicit literature.


title: History of erotic depictions

text: In the case of "People v. Freeman", the California Supreme Court ruled to distinguish prostitution as an individual taking part in sexual activities in exchange for money versus an individual who is portraying a sexual act on-screen as part of their acting performance. The case was not appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, thus it is only binding in the state of California.