title: Krypto

text: Later, the threat of Warworld looms high above the Earth. Batman and Superman are blackmailed into recruiting members of their 'clan' and Krypto shows up. He is shown whining after the mention of Superboy, who is suspected of being dead. Krypto assists Superman and Supergirl in fighting various groups of Warworld challengers, as a delaying tactic to save Earth from destruction. Thanks to the secretive efforts of Steel and Batgirl, no innocents are hurt.


title: Krypto

text: Superman becomes sick and voluntarily imprisons himself. Batman recruits Krypto on a mission to the Phantom Zone in an attempt to find a cure; instead they find something extremely dangerous.


title: Krypto

text: In "DC Rebirth", Superman's previous history prior to "The New 52" is restored. Krypto is seen in the "DC Rebirth" continuity, as the family dog of Superman, Lois and their son Jon. His collar is made out of the belt of an old Superman uniform from the Fortress of Solitude, as a present from Jon.


title: Krypto

text: The Super-Sons annual of 2017 explores Krypto's friendship with various super-animals, such as Titus, Batcow, Streaky and Detective Chimp.


title: Krypto

text: In his original Pre-"Crisis" incarnation, Krypto possessed the same powers and abilities as an adult Kryptonian, although his physical abilities were proportionate to his smaller size and species. Certain sensory abilities of Krypto's (senses of smell and hearing) were more acute than those of Superman, just as an ordinary dog's senses would be more acute than those of a normal human. He also had super-canine intelligence (approximately human level, though with his canine traits and interests still present); the comics expressed this via the use of thought balloons indicating what Krypto was thinking.


title: Krypto

text: In his current incarnation, Krypto's abilities are essentially identical; however, he possesses normal canine intelligence, though as shown in the storyline with Atlas, Krypto does seem to have a general understanding of speech, and can take initiatives of his own, such as vowing to protect Metropolis from Atlas because of his knowledge of the fact that Superman himself protects and cares for the city, as well as vowing to hurt Atlas for hurting Superman.


title: Krypto

text: In DC League of Super-Pets, There is a new powerful move introduced in the movie called the solar paw Punch. It is when the user absorbs the sun's solar energy, and then strikes their opponent down with one solar-powered strike. However, the move also proves to be incredibly fatal, because once used, the solar paw Punch not only destroys the villain, but also destroys the hero that uses it. Krypto resorted to Using this move to stop Lulu, but survived after being shielded by Ace.


title: Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster

text: Major General Gerald Cavendish Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster, (22 December 1951 – 9 August 2016), was a British landowner, businessman, philanthropist, Territorial Army general, and peer. He was the son of Robert Grosvenor, 5th Duke of Westminster, and Viola Lyttelton. He was Chairman of the property company Grosvenor Group. In the first ever edition of "The Sunday Times Rich List", published in 1989, he was ranked as the second richest person in the United Kingdom, with a fortune of £3.2 billion (approximately £ in today's value), with only The Queen above him.


text: Born in Northern Ireland, Grosvenor moved from an island in the middle of Lower Lough Erne to be educated at Sunningdale and Harrow boarding schools in the south of England. After a troubled education, he left school with two O-levels. He entered the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, and served in the Territorial Army, where he was promoted to major-general in 2004.


text: Via Grosvenor Estates, the business he inherited along with the dukedom in 1979, the Duke was the richest property developer in the United Kingdom and one of the country's largest landowners, with property in Edinburgh, Liverpool, Oxford, Cambridge, Southampton and Cheshire, including the family's country seat of Eaton Hall, as well as of Mayfair and Belgravia in Central London. The business also has interests in other parts of Europe. According to "The Sunday Times Rich List" in 2016, the Duke was worth £9.35 billion, placing him sixth in the list and making him the third-richest British citizen.


text: The Duke died on 9 August 2016 after suffering a heart attack. The title then passed to his son, Hugh.


text: The Grosvenor family's first development was in Mayfair, Central London, in the early 18th century; the second big development came around 100 years later and was in another exclusive part of London – Belgravia, developed by the family after the end of Napoleonic Wars and the conversion of Buckingham Palace – which is just one mile east. After developing the two parts of Central London, the family business expanded. During the second half of the 20th century, the business expanded into the Americas and developed Annacis Island and Vancouver, both in British Columbia in the west of Canada in the 1950s. The family business started developing in Australia in the 1960s. They moved to Asia in the early 1990s and to Continental Europe just before the millennium. In April 2000, the firm moved into new London offices. The business was headed by the 6th Duke himself, who was Chairman of the Trustees.


text: The Duke was also Director of Claridge's Hotel from 1981 until 1993, and of Marcher Sound from 1992 until 1997.


text: As a child the Duke lived on an island in the middle of Lower Lough Erne in Ulster (Ely Lodge, Blaney, County Fermanagh). His early education was in Northern Ireland before he was sent at age 7 to Sunningdale School in Ascot, followed by Harrow. Because of his Ulster accent, the Duke struggled to fit in at first, and even after his accent was "bullied" out of him, he found it difficult to make friends. Unhappy at boarding school, his education suffered. He left school with two O-levels in history and English.


text: As Earl Grosvenor he joined the Territorial Army in 1970, as a trooper, family estate responsibilities having caused him to abandon a Regular Army career in the 9th/12th Lancers. After entering RMA Sandhurst in 1973, he passed out as an officer cadet and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve of the Royal Armoured Corps (Queen's Own Yeomanry) on 13 May 1973. He was promoted to lieutenant on 13 May 1975 and to captain on 1 July 1980. He was promoted to the acting rank of major on 1 January 1985 and to the substantive rank on 22 December.


text: Promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 1 April 1992, he subsequently commanded the North Irish Horse, the Cheshire Yeomanry Squadron, founded by his ancestors, and the Queen's Own Yeomanry. He was promoted to colonel on 31 December 1994 and was appointed honorary colonel of the 7th Regt Army Air Corps (1 January 1996) and the Northumbrian Universities Officer Training Corps (30 November 1995). Promoted to brigadier on 17 January 2000, he was also appointed Honorary Colonel of the Royal Mercian and Lancastrian Yeomanry on 14 May 2001. He was also appointed Colonel-in-Chief of the Canadian Royal Westminster Regiment, the North Irish Horse, and as Colonel Commandant Yeomanry.


text: The Duke was Grand Prior of the Priory of England of the Military and Hospitaller Order of St Lazarus of Jerusalem, 1995–2001. In 2004, he was appointed to the new post of Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets), with promotion in the rank of major-general. In March 2007, having served in the Ministry of Defence as Assistant CDS for four years, he handed over responsibility for 50,000 reservists and 138,000 cadets to Major General Simon Lalor, in the wake of the Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal in which Westminster was also implicated. The Duke became Deputy Commander Land Forces (Reserves) in May 2011. He retired from the Armed Forces in 2012.


text: The Duke was President of the BLESMA from 1992, and the Yeomanry Benevolent Fund from 2005, national Vice-President of the Royal British Legion from 1993, and the Reserve Forces' Ulysses Trust from 1995, the Not Forgotten Society from 2004, and Chairman of the Nuffield Trust for the Forces of the Crown from 1992, all until his death. He was Vice-President of the Royal Engineers Music Foundation 1990–94.


text: In 2011, having already funded a feasibility study, the Duke purchased the estate at Stanford Hall, Nottinghamshire, to make possible the creation of a Defence and National Rehabilitation Centre (DNRC) to provide the highest quality support for military casualties. Work started on the £300m project in April 2016, and was completed in 2018 to replace those at Headley Court. The Duke remained actively involved in the project until his death.


text: He was Vice-President of the Royal United Services Institute from 1993 until 2012, President of The Tank Museum, Bovington, from 2002, and a committee member of the National Army Museum between 1988–1997 and from 2013 until his death.


text: Despite his poor educational attainments, Westminster was given several honorary degrees and fellowships (listed below) in later life and took an outward-looking interest in youth. He was Director of the International Students Trust from 1976 until 1993, Pro-Chancellor of Keele University from 1986 until 1993, Chancellor of Manchester Metropolitan University from 1992 until 2002, and first appointed Chancellor of the University of Chester in 2005, serving until his death.


text: He was a supporter of The Prince's Trust, and was a committee member of the Trust and a Patron from 2001 for North West England.


text: His main personal recreations were field shooting and fishing, and he served as President of the British Association for Shooting and Conservation from 1992 until 2000, and the Atlantic Salmon Trust from 2004 until his death, President of the Game and Wildlife Conservancy Trust for 2000–01 and Vice-President thereafter. He was a member of the MCC and Royal Yacht Squadron and President of Worcestershire County Cricket Club in 1984–1986 and of the Youth Sports Trust 1996–2004.


text: He was President of the committee planning the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester from 1998, and from 1991 until 1994 had been Director of the committee set up to coordinate the projected 2000 Summer Olympic Games and Paralympics that would have been held at Manchester had the British bid succeeded.


text: He served as a judge in Prince Edward's charity television special "The Grand Knockout Tournament" in 1987.


text: The Duke of Westminster married Natalia Ayesha Phillips, the daughter of Lt-Col. Harold Pedro Joseph Phillips and his wife Georgina Wernher, in 1978. His wife is a descendant of the Russian poet Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin and therefore of his African ancestor Abram Gannibal as well as of King George II. Their children are:


text: In 1998, the Duke suffered a nervous breakdown and depression, citing the overwhelming pressures of business and public life. His depression worsened after reports in newspapers that he had employed the services of prostitutes.


text: The Duke died on 9 August 2016 at Royal Preston Hospital in Preston, Lancashire, after suffering a heart attack at his Abbeystead Estate. A private funeral attended by close relatives was held on 12 August, and a memorial service was held at Chester Cathedral on 28 November. He is buried in the family plot at St Mary's Church, Eccleston.


text: That the Grosvenor family stood to pay very little, if any, inheritance tax on his £9bn+ fortune led to calls for a review of how the inheritance of trust funds and similar assets are handled in the UK.


title: Sako TRG

text: The Sako TRG is a bolt-action sniper rifle line designed and manufactured by Finnish firearms manufacturer SAKO of Riihimäki. The TRG-21 and TRG-22 are designed to fire standard .308 Winchester (7.62×51mm NATO) sized cartridges, while the TRG-41 and TRG-42 are designed to fire more powerful and dimensionally larger .300 Winchester Magnum (7.62×67mm) and .338 Lapua Magnum (8.6×70mm) cartridges. They are available with olive drab green, desert tan/coyote brown, dark earth or black stocks, and are also available with a folding stock.


title: Sako TRG

text: The sniper rifles are normally fitted with muzzle brakes to reduce recoil, jump and flash. The Sako factory TRG muzzle brakes vent sideways and are detachable. Generally TRGs are outfitted with a Zeiss or Schmidt & Bender PM II telescopic sight with fixed power of magnification or with variable magnification. Variable telescopic sights can be used if the operator wants more flexibility to shoot at varying ranges, or when a wide field of view is required.


title: Sako TRG

text: In October 2011, Sako introduced the Sako TRG M10 Sniper Weapon System. It was designed as a user configurable multi calibre modular system responding to evolving market demands and does not share its receiver and other technical features with the rest of the TRG line.


title: Sako TRG

text: Even though the TRG-21 obtained its origins from the successful Sako TR-6 target rifle and 1984-1986 development work for the hardly produced Valmet Sniper M86 rifle by the former Finnish state firearms company Valmet which merged with Sako, the 4.7 kg (10 lb 6 oz) TRG-21 was designed as a result of a thorough study of sniper requirements.


title: Sako TRG

text: In 1989 Sako Ltd. (Riihimäki, Finland) introduced the TRG-21 precision rifle as a sniper rifle model chambered in .308 Winchester. With the introduction of the TRG bolt-action, Sako moved away from the modified two-lug Mauser bolt-actions, favoured during the past, to an action with a symmetrical three-lug bolt of diameter, displaying a locking surface of . The TRG-21 action was designed for a maximum cartridge length of . The evolution of this design continues to the present and can be found in Sako's hunting rifle offerings, the Sako 75 and the Sako 85. Subsequently, a second precision/sniper rifle with a longer scaled up magnum action emerged as the TRG-41 in order to take advantage of the .338 Lapua Magnum cartridge.


title: Sako TRG

text: A more hunting oriented variation of the TRG was introduced in 1992 as the TRG-S M995 and TRG-S M995 Magnum, which both use the same scaled up magnum action and bolt (different bolt handle) as the TRG-41 with the exception that the receiver is open at the top with an integral Sako-type wedged dovetail rail rather than possessing a cartridge ejection port on the right side and a parallel integral dovetail rail as found with the TRG-41. The TRG-S M995 (Magnum) was produced until 2003 and chambered in eight standard chamberings and fourteen magnum chamberings, including .338 Lapua Magnum. All TRG-S M995 rifles utilized the same stock and receiver designed for a maximum cartridge length of . Four different sized detachable box magazines and three different bolt bodies were used to accommodate the dimensionally different rifle cartridges offered. A carbine variant of the TRG-S was also produced that according to Sako literature featured a long barrel. However, M995 carbines imported to the United States featured a barrel and were chambered in .375 H&H Magnum only. Sako planned to produce a short action TRG-S M975 designed for a maximum cartridge length of , that would have been based on the TRG-21. In the end Sako abandoned this plan and only a handful of M975 prototypes were produced.


title: Sako TRG

text: To make the TRG system more suitable for military use, Sako upgraded and improved the TRG-21/41 design in the late 1990s. Some TRG accessories like the muzzle brake and bipod (that lets the rifle swivel or "hang" near its bore axis offering a more stable shooting position with large and heavy aiming optics mounted) were also improved. This resulted in the TRG-22/42 rifle system introduced in 1999.


title: Sako TRG

text: In June 2007 a voluntary factory recall concerning TRG-22, TRG-42 and M995 (TRG-S) rifles manufactured between October 1999 and October 2002 was put out to correct the possibility that a portion of the firing pin could exit rearwards when firing a defective cartridge.


title: Sako TRG

text: Around 2011 an American Sako vendor commissioned a special limited production run of TRG-22 sniper rifles chambered in .260 Remington cartridge and started offering them as of May 2011.


title: Sako TRG

text: In 2013 the TRG system was further upgraded and improved based on customer requirements. The upgrades consist of mounting improved recoil pads to reduce felt recoil, a newly constructed bolt release and a new fully adjustable two-stage trigger mechanism that features a new more ergonomic ambidextrous safety lever, and a trigger guard milled from aluminium for more positive magazine attachment. Further the bolt handle and its attachment to the bolt body were ruggedised. These general 2013 upgrades are backwards compatible with older TRG sniper rifles. Exclusive for the .338 Lapua Magnum chambered TRG-42 model a new bolt featuring double plunger ejectors was introduced in 2013 to improve the ejection reliability of dimensionally large and heavy .338 Lapua Magnum rifle cases.


title: Sako TRG

text: In 2018 Sako introduced the TRG-22 A1 and TRG-42 A1 models. The TRG A1 models have a Sako TRG M10 Sniper Weapon System alike stock, featuring an aluminium middle chassis frame, side-folding buttstock, and a fore-end with the M-LOK rail interface system that allows for direct accessory attachment onto "negative space" (hollow slot) mounting points. The TRG A1 models do not offer the user configurable multi calibre modular system of the Sako TRG M10 Sniper Weapon System. The bolts of the TRG A1 models all feature double plunger ejectors introduced earlier for the .338 Lapua Magnum TRG-42 and the TRG-22 A1 model expands the chambering palette with 6.5mm Creedmoor.


title: Sako TRG

text: Sako never totally forgot the target rifle origins of the TRG system. The necessary accessories to attach sighting components such as match grade peep sights or target aperture sights and a mirage strap are all available. Equipped with these accessories the TRG can be used for non military or law enforcement tasks such as 300 m UIT standard rifle competition, CISM competition or other kinds of full bore target shooting. The rifle is commonly seen in long-range competition where it has done very well. Besides civilian target shooting the TRG system can and is sometimes used for hunting.


title: Sako TRG

text: The TRG system's purposive design features, reliability in adverse conditions and consistent accuracy performance (a capable marksman can expect ≤ 0.5 MOA consistent accuracy with appropriate ammunition) have made it a popular, though expensive, sniper rifle system.


title: Sako TRG

text: The TRG system is almost unique in being a purpose-designed sniper rifle, rather than an accurised version of an existing, general-purpose rifle. The sniper rifles can have a matte or manganese phosphatised finish.


title: Sako TRG

text: The heart of the TRG system is a cold-hammer forged receiver and barrel. Both provide maximum strength for minimum weight as well as excellent resistance to wear. The action has a hex style profile on top with a smaller closed ejection port. Actions with an ejection port make it more difficult to reach in with a finger to discreetly eject brass when desired, but it does allow for additional strength in the action. The "resistance free" bolt has three massive lugs and requires a 60-degree bolt rotation and a bolt throw for the short and bolt throw for the long bolt-action; these features should be appreciated by the shooter during multiple firings that require rapid projectile placement on the target. The bolt handle is the appropriate length and sports a large synthetic bulbous knob that provides a firm, positive grip. On top of the receiver a integral dovetail rail with shape connection drillings for one or more recoil lugs provides for fixing mounting components to accommodate different types of optical or electro-optical sights. Folding iron sights can be obtained for secondary or emergency use.


title: Sako TRG

text: The receiver's large bedding surface is mated to an aluminium alloy-bedding block by three screws for maximum stability. This combination ensures an unusually high degree of stability.


title: Sako TRG

text: The detachable box magazine is based upon centre feeding for maximum reliability as well as precise positioning of the cartridge into the chamber. Alternatively cartridges can be loaded singly directly into the chamber.


title: Sako TRG

text: The free-floating, heavy, chrome moly barrels (chrome moly barrels resist throat erosion better offering a longer accuracy life than stainless steel barrels) for the available cartridge chamberings all have a different length, groove cutting and rifling twist rate optimised for their respective chambering and intended ammunition. The .260 Remington, .308 Winchester, .300 Winchester Magnum and .338 Lapua Magnum chamberings are available with barrels of common length for sniper rifles and relatively short long barrels. On special order TRG sniper rifles can also be supplied with stainless steel barrels. Two types of flash eliminator/muzzle brakes are available as an accessory with one being threaded to accommodate a sound-suppressor.


title: Sako TRG

text: For the .260 Remington chambering a non-traditional 203 mm (1 in 8 inch) or 31.2 calibres right-hand twist rate optimised to stabilise longer, heavier very-low-drag bullets was selected over the standard 229 mm (1 in 9 inch) or 35.2 calibres twist rate. The TRG-22 can be ordered cambered for the .260 Remington cartridge as of May 2011. The introduction of the .260 Remington (6.5×51mm) chambering does not introduce major technical changes for the TRG system since the .260 Remington is essentially a necked down 6.5 mm (.264 in) variant of the .308 Winchester (7.62×51mm) cartridge, meaning these cartridges can be used in .308 Winchester chambered rifles only requiring different barrels.


title: Sako TRG

text: The 6.5 Creedmoor chambering has the traditional 203 mm (1 in 8 inch) or 31.2 calibres right-hand twist rate shares the relative ease of chambering it in arms designed for .308 Winchester sized cartridges, though the 6.5 Creedmoor (6.5×49mm) maximal overall length is longer compared to the .308 Winchester.


title: Sako TRG

text: For the .308 Winchester chambering the 280 mm (1 in 11 inch) or 36.7 calibres right-hand twist rate with four grooves was selected over the 305 mm (1 in 12 inch) or 40 calibres, traditionally found for the .308 Winchester, as a compromise when switching between supersonic and subsonic cartridges.


title: Sako TRG

text: The .300 Winchester Magnum chambering also has a non-traditional 280 mm (1 in 11 inch) or 36.7 calibres right-hand twist rate. Due to the .300 Winchester Magnum cartridge dimensions it is a long TRG-41/TRG-42 bolt-action chambering.


title: Sako TRG

text: For the .338 Lapua Magnum chambering a non-traditional 305 mm (1 in 12 inch) or 36.4 calibres right-hand twist rate was selected to optimise the rifle for firing 16.2 gram (250 grain) .338-calibre very-low-drag bullets. As of 2009 .338 Lapua Magnum barrels can also be supplied with a 254 mm (1 in 10 inch) or 30.3 calibres twist rate optimised to stabilise longer, heavier very-low-drag bullets like the Sierra HPBT MatchKing and Lapua Scenar .338-calibre 19.44 gram (300 grain) bullets. The traditional 254 mm (1 in 10 inch) has since become the standard twist rate for the .338 Lapua Magnum chambering. Due to the .338 Lapua Magnum cartridge dimensions it is a long TRG-41/TRG-42 bolt-action chambering.


title: Sako TRG

text: The two-stage trigger mechanism displays an adjustable trigger pull weight of 1 to 2.5 kg (2 to 5 lb) and can be adjusted for length, horizontal and vertical pitch. The advantage of these features is to prevent trigger movement in an inappropriate direction that would cause the rifle to move off target. Trigger travel is short with no noticeable over-travel. The trigger mechanism can be removed without additional disassembling of the rifle. The firing pin travel is . The trigger guard is dimensioned to allow easy access with gloved fingers.


title: Sako TRG

text: The safety lever is located in front of the trigger inside of the trigger guard and can be operated without producing mechanical noise. The two-position safety locks the trigger mechanism, locks the bolt in closed position and blocks the firing pin. The safety is on when it is in its rearmost position. It is off when it is pushed to its most forward position. When the weapon is cocked the firing pin protrudes from the rear of the bolt-action, making it possible to feel if the weapon is ready to fire or not in poor visibility.


title: Sako TRG

text: The TRG stock design is besides sniping requirements, designed to conform to both UIT and CISM regulations. Sako offers black, green, desert tan or dark earth coloured stock variants and the green, desert tan or dark earth stock variants are heavier than the black variants. In 2011 Sako also began offering stocks in several styles of digital camouflage. The base of the ergonomic injection-moulded polyurethane forestock is made of aluminium and encompasses the bedding block with the bedding block serving as a point of attachment for a bipod. The polyurethane buttstock with its pistol grip and integrated aluminium skeleton to add strength, is designed for right- and left-handed shooters. The rear of the buttstock possesses a series of spacer and angle plates to regulate the length of pull and curvature adjustments that can be tailored for the individual shooter. The buttplate is adjustable for both height and pitch. Finally, the cheek-piece is adjustable for both height and pitch as well.


title: Sako TRG

text: The stock features two steel sling swivel attachment sockets positioned at the right and left rear sides of the buttstock. Forward sling attachment is achieved by inserting and fixing a metal sling mount into a metal rail which runs under the forestock or forend. This forward sling attachment point can be (re)positioned along the length of the rail for right- or left-handed use and is fixed with a screw. The factory carrying/shooting sling itself features quick mountable and detachable metal swivels. The swivels are mounted by pushing them into an attachment socket and detached by pushing integrated buttons in the swivels and pulling them out of the attachment sockets.


title: Sako TRG

text: A folding skeleton type buttstock designed for right- and left-handed shooters is also available. The folding stock is heavier than the non-folding green, desert tan or dark earth stock variants and is hinged behind the pistol grip; it folds to the left side and locks into position. When folded, the rifle becomes shorter. The steel parts of the folding stock are manganese phosphatised and the polyurethane parts are coloured olive drab or desert tan. The rear of the buttstock is adjustable for length of pull and height. The cheek-piece and rear support are also adjustable for height. These adjustment options allow shooters of various sizes and shapes to tailor the TRG folding stock to their personal preferences, which is an uncommon feature for folding stocks. The pistol grip body has a steel loop for a hook type military sling swivel. Sako TRG folding stock rifles are supplied with a Picatinny rail for mounting aiming optics.


title: Sako TRG

text: The folding stock was later redesigned with the most conspicuous change being a bigger "foot" with an external lever/hinge support system monopod instead of the vertical moving small "spike" found on the earlier folding stock.


title: Sako TRG

text: Sako accessories for the TRG system includes an auxiliary iron sights for emergency use, a muzzle brake/flash-hider, a match sight mounting set, a telescopic sight mounting sets, a STANAG 2324 (Picatinny rail), an accessory ITRS tri-rail (top) and accessory rail (bottom) TRG forestock, a night sight adapter, a sound suppressor, a muzzle thread protector, various slings and swivels, cleaning kits, soft case, and a heavy-duty transit case. Several versions of TRG-specific bipods were produced that all lock into an attachment point in the aluminium bedding block at the end of the forestock. The latest bipod version is one of a few rifle bipods that lets the rifle swivel or "hang" just above its bore axis offering a more stable shooting position with large and heavy aiming optics mounted. It has a narrower leg angle due to complaints that the previous version interfered with some night vision systems mounted forward of the telescopic sight. Further versions of accessories are the ITRS tri-rail NV attachment point with an optional extended aluminium bedding block. This extended bedding block also can feature an optional STANAG 2324 Picatinny rail in the bottom of the block.


title: Sako TRG

text: The Sako TRG M10 Sniper Weapon System was unveiled by Sako in October 2011. It was designed as a user configurable multi calibre modular system and does not share its receiver and other technical features with the Sako TRG line. It can switch between .308 Winchester (7.62×51mm NATO), .300 Winchester Magnum and .338 Lapua Magnum chamberings by changing the bolts, magazines, forends and barrels, to adapt to various requirements in the field. When it was first introduced, it was marketed for "military and law enforcement only".


title: Sako TRG

text: It was entered as a contender for the Precision Sniper Rifle program by the United States Special Operations Command to replace all current bolt-action sniper rifles in use by U.S. special operations snipers with a single bolt-action rifle chambered for a large calibre magnum chambering. The contract was awarded to Remington Arms for their Modular Sniper Rifle winning against the TRG M10 in 2013.


title: Sako TRG

text: The TRG M10 is a manually operated bolt action sniper rifle that uses a rotary bolt with three radial locking lugs at the front. It features a steel receiver, a Picatinny rail on top of its receiver for mounting various optical sights and on the stock bottom for bipod mounting. The barrel is a free floating barrel that can be equipped with special muzzle brakes that have a mounting interface for quick detachable suppressors. It is offered in various barrel lengths of 16-, 20- and 26-inch for the .308 Winchester (7.62×51mm NATO), 23.5- and 27-inch for the .300 Winchester Magnum, and 20- and 27-inch for the .338 Lapua Magnum. Ammunition feeding is by a double-stack detachable box magazine which is marked with appropriate number of large dots that are embossed into the sides of the polymer baseplate and that holds 11 rounds of .308 Winchester (7.62×51mm NATO), 7 rounds of .300 Winchester Magnum, or 8 rounds of .338 Lapua Magnum. Alternatively, cartridges can be singly loaded directly into the chamber.


title: Sako TRG

text: The TRG M10 has a side-folding and fully adjustable buttstock, featuring an aluminium middle chassis frame, side-folding buttstock, and a fore-end with the M-LOK rail interface system that allows for direct accessory attachment onto "negative space" (hollow slot) mounting points, ambidextrous controls, a manual safety that is located inside the trigger guard which is in front of the trigger, and uniquely designed tactical indicators which helps identify different modular components for different calibres, where every calibre-depending component is specially marked so users can recognise the calibre of each part visually or by touch. For example, for the .308 Winchester barrel and bolt are marked with single annual grove, whereas for the .300 Winchester Magnum are marked with two groves and three for the .338 Lapua Magnum. Another unique feature of the rifle is that all of the tools that are necessary to change the calibre are built into each of the bolt handle; the small torx key is built into the centre of the bolt knob and the barrel wrench is integrated into the base of the bolt handle. An additional set of Torx keys are stored inside a small detachable polymer forend, which are necessary for full disassembly of the gun.


title: Sako TRG

text: Sako states that the TRG M10 factory acceptance tests with high quality match ammunition has an accuracy of 1 MOA (0.291 mil) for .338 Lapua Magnum and .300 Winchester Magnum chambered models and ⅔ MOA (0.194 mil) for .308 Winchester chambered models.


title: Sako TRG

text: A 2019 TRG M10 spare parts catalologue offered accessories in black or coyote brown coloured surface finishes and accessories for using the 6.5mm Creedmoor and .300 Norma Magnum chamberings.


title: Alison Wright

text: Alison Wright (born 12 July 1976) is an English actress. She is best known for her starring role as Martha Hanson on the FX period spy drama series "The Americans" (2013–2017), for which she received critical acclaim and earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in 2017.


title: Alison Wright

text: Wright's other notable roles were as Marjorie in the Amazon Prime Video crime drama series "Sneaky Pete" (2015–2019), as Pauline Jameson in the FX docudrama series "Feud" (2017), and as Ruth Wardell in the TNT dystopian thriller series "Snowpiercer" (2020–present). She also appeared in various films, including "The Nanny Diaries" (2007), "The Accountant" (2016), and "Ask for Jane" (2018).


title: Alison Wright

text: Wright was born on 12 July 1976, in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, where she was raised by her adoptive parents. She began dancing and acting at a young age. Wright studied at the prestigious Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute and The Barrow Group in New York City. She worked as a waitress while auditioning for roles.


title: Alison Wright

text: Wright made her acting debut in the comedy-drama film "The Nanny Diaries", which was released in 2007. This was followed by appearances in various short films. She made her stage debut as Molly Bhatt in the comedy play "Rafta, Rafta..." (2008), followed by a role in the play "Marie and Bruce" (2011), both at the Acorn Theatre.


title: Alison Wright

text: In 2013, Wright made her television debut in the FX period spy drama series "The Americans". Her performance as Martha Hanson, a lonely FBI secretary who is manipulated into spying for the Russians, earned high critical praise. She was promoted to a series regular for the second season, which premiered in January 2014. In 2017, Wright received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her guest appearance in "The Americans" fifth season. The series ended after six seasons in 2018.


title: Alison Wright

text: From 2015 to 2019, Wright starred as Marjorie in the Amazon Prime Video crime drama series "Sneaky Pete", for which she garnered positive reviews.


title: Alison Wright

text: In 2016, Wright starred as Justine in the action thriller film "The Accountant" and as Virginia Thomas in the HBO political thriller film "Confirmation".


title: Alison Wright

text: In 2017, she starred as Pauline Jameson, the assistant to Robert Aldrich, in the FX docudrama series "Feud: Bette and Joan". The series chronicles the rivalry between Hollywood actresses Bette Davis and Joan Crawford during and after the production of "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?". She also made her Broadway debut as Jessie in the play "Sweat", which opened at Studio 54.


title: Alison Wright

text: In 2018, she had a starring role as Ada in the historical drama film "Ask for Jane" and as Emilia in a stage production of the Shakespearean tragedy play "Othello" at Delacorte Theater. In 2019, she had a recurring role in the second season of psychological horror anthology series "Castle Rock". Wright starred as Valerie, a "kind-hearted local who explores the town’s evil history".


title: Alison Wright

text: In 2020, Wright began a starring role in the TNT post-apocalyptic dystopian thriller series "Snowpiercer" (2020–present), which is based on the 2013 film of the same name by Bong Joon-ho. She starred as Ruth Wardell in the series, a hospitality worker aboard the train who helps look after First Class passengers. Also that year, she made a guest appearance as Ms. Roswell, the gatekeeper to Ace Studios, in the Netflix period drama miniseries "Hollywood".


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Scunthorpe United Football Club is a professional association football club based in the town of Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. The side currently competes in the National League, the fifth tier of the English football league system. The team is nicknamed "The Iron", and has played in a home strip of claret and blue for most of the club's history. They play their home games at Glanford Park, having moved from their original stadium, the Old Show Ground, in 1988. They used to contest Humber derby games with local rivals Grimsby Town and Hull City, as well as Lincolnshire derby games with Boston United, Gainsborough Trinity and Lincoln City.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The club was formed in 1899 and turned professional after joining the Midland League in 1912. Crowned Midland League champions in the 1926–27 and 1938–39 campaigns, they were elected into the Football League in 1950. They went on to secure promotion as champions of the Third Division North in 1957–58 and spent six seasons in the Second Division, before they were relegated in 1964 and then down to the Fourth Division in 1968. United spent 34 of the next 37 seasons in the basement tier, punctuated by one-season stays in the third tier after they secured promotions in 1971–72, 1982–83 and 1998–99. Brian Laws saw the club promoted out of League Two at the end of the 2004–05 season and his successor, Nigel Adkins, led the club to the League One title in 2006–07. Scunthorpe spent just one season in the Championship, but victory in the 2009 League One play-off Final saw the club promoted back into the Championship. They remained in the second tier until two relegations in as many years saw them back into the fourth tier by 2013. Scunthorpe were promoted to League One at the end of the 2013–14 campaign, before being relegated back to League Two in 2019 and, in 2022, being relegated to the National League, ending a 72-year spell in the Football League.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: In early 21st century, the club has developed a reputation for developing promising young strikers, having sold Billy Sharp, Martin Paterson and Gary Hooper on for seven-figure sums. The club was also considered one of the most financially prudent in English football, being one of only three in the top four divisions to be debt-free. That status changed in 2018 after it was announced that a £2 million loan from the outgoing chairman Steven Wharton was helping the club maintain some sense of financial stability. In September 2022, the club was said to be "in genuine danger of entering administration" after a proposed takeover deal collapsed.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Scunthorpe United was formed in 1899. In 1910 they merged with local rivals North Lindsey United to become Scunthorpe & Lindsey United and joined the Midland Football League in 1912. After an unsuccessful application to join the Football League in 1921, Scunthorpe & Lindsey won the Midland League in 1926–27 and in 1938–39. When the 1939–40 season came to an abrupt end, due to the outbreak of the Second World War, Scunthorpe & Lindsey finished as runners-up in the second emergency competition, losing 3–2 to Peterborough United in an unofficial play-off game.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: After the end of the war, in 1945, Scunthorpe & Lindsey United would re-apply to join the Football League at every opportunity. The club finished as runners-up in the Midland League in 1947–48, and in 1950 was accepted into the Football League, ahead of Workington and Wigan Athletic when the league structure was expanded. The club's first game in Football League Division Three North was against fellow new entrants Shrewsbury Town.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: After an unremarkable few years in the Football League, which included the club's first-ever third and fourth-round FA Cup ties (against Tottenham Hotspur and Portsmouth respectively), the "& Lindsey" was dropped from the club's name in 1958.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: In 1958 Scunthorpe United won promotion to the Second Division as champions of the Third Division North under the guidance of manager Ron Suart. The Iron then began a steady rise through the Second Division over the next four years under a variety of managers, improving its league position each season until reaching fourth place at the close of the 1961–1962 season, the club's highest league position to date. This was despite the sale of its leading marksman Barrie Thomas to Newcastle United for a reported £40,000.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The year 1962 proved to be a turning point in the fortunes of the club, and in 1964 they finished bottom of the Second Division and were relegated to the now national Third Division. At the same time Scunthorpe United stalwart Jack Brownsword retired after 597 Football League appearances for the club, and Freddie Goodwin replaced Dick Duckworth as the club's manager.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: After relegation from Division Two, the Iron spent the next four years bouncing around in the Third Division. Freddie Goodwin left the club during the 1967–68 season, however his replacement Ron Ashman was unable to save the club from relegation to Division Four at the end of the season. A slight resurgence occurred in the very early 70s, with the Iron first defeating top-flight Sheffield Wednesday in the FA Cup during January 1970, and then gaining promotion back to the Third Division in 1972. It was during this short period that a young Kevin Keegan was discovered and developed by Ashman before being sold to Liverpool in 1971 for £35,000, having racked up 124 appearances and 18 goals for Scunthorpe.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The Iron were unable to cement a place in the Third Division, and relegation back to the Fourth Division followed immediately in 1973. At the same time, Ron Ashman departed to manage local rivals Grimsby Town, only to return during 1976. The period between his two tenures saw several management changes and a disastrous league campaign which saw the Iron finish rock bottom of the Football League in 1975. In 1980, cricketer Ian Botham was signed as a player for Scunthorpe by Ron Ashman. Botham played for the club until 1984 making 14 appearances. He was also a regular in the Central League for Scunthorpe United Reserves, once scoring a hat-trick against Blackpool at the Old Show Ground. But the next five years saw United stagnate in the bottom half of Division Four, with the club finishing second-bottom at the end of the 1981–82 campaign. Promotion to Division Three was achieved under manager John Duncan in 1983, but immediate relegation was to follow under his successor Allan Clarke in 1984, with United then entering a further period of stagnation in the middle of the Fourth Division table.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: In 1988 Scunthorpe United became the first English football club in the modern era to move to a new, purpose-built stadium, Glanford Park. Whilst preparations for the new ground were underway, the club's final season at the Old Show Ground very nearly yielded success. Under the management of Mick Buxton, United qualified for the Division Four play-offs. Ultimately this was not to be, with the Iron losing 2–3 on aggregate to Torquay United in the semi-final. The second leg of this semi-final was to be the last game played at the Old Show Ground, with Steve Lister being the last player to score at the ground.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The club's first season at Glanford Park ended in another play-off semi-final heartbreak, this time losing out 1–5 on aggregate to Wrexham. Further playoff failure occurred in 1991 as the Iron lost out to Blackpool 2–3 (on aggregate) in the semi-final under Buxton's replacement Bill Green. Finally, in 1992 the club made it to the Fourth Division play-off final at Wembley, losing out eventually on a penalty shootout to Blackpool by 4 goals to 3 (see here). This was the club's first-ever appearance at Wembley.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The following four seasons saw United sit consistently in the middle of the now Third Division table under a succession of managers, namely Richard Money and Dave Moore. Mick Buxton made a surprise return to the club as manager following Moore's sacking in 1996.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: In February 1997, following the end of Mick Buxton's second spell in charge of Scunthorpe United, Brian Laws, one of Buxton's signings to the club as a player, was appointed manager, with Mark Lillis (another Buxton signing) as his assistant. In 1997–98, his first full season in charge, the Iron finished one point outside the play-offs. The following season, the club finished fourth in Division Three. This ensured qualification to the play-offs, which they won after a 3–2 aggregate win in the semi-finals over Swansea City and a 1–0 win over Leyton Orient in the final at Wembley with an early goal from Alex Calvo-Garcia. They were unable to maintain their Division Two status the following season however, and were relegated after finishing in 23rd place.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Laws guided the Iron to their second play-off position finish under his management during the 2002–03 season, with the club finishing in 5th place. Scunthorpe were ultimately denied by their county rivals Lincoln City however, losing the semi-finals 6–3 on aggregate.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: On 25 March 2004, following a 2–3 home defeat to Carlisle United two days previously, Laws was sacked from his position as Scunthorpe United manager after a poor run of results saw the Iron sitting just 6 points above the Division Three relegation zone. Assistant manager Russ Wilcox was given the job of caretaker manager, with his first game in charge being a 1–1 draw at home to Leyton Orient. Exactly three weeks later on 15 April 2004, it was announced that Laws had been reinstated as the manager of the Iron after a boardroom shake-up. With only four games of the season left, Laws was tasked with preventing the Iron's relegation from the Football League. Despite three of these four games ending in defeat, results elsewhere swung in the Iron's favour, with the club eventually avoiding the drop to the Conference National by four points, finishing 22nd.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Laws remained with the Iron for the 2004–05 season, which Scunthorpe started in the newly rebranded Football League Two. This gamble ultimately paid off, with the Iron gaining promotion to Football League One as runners up. This was the first time that a Scunthorpe side had obtained automatic promotion in 22 years. Another highlight of this season came with the Iron leading Chelsea, the Premiership champions, 0–1, in the FA Cup 3rd round at Stamford Bridge thanks to an 8th minute Paul Hayes goal. Scunthorpe were ultimately denied, eventually going down 3–1.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: In the 2005–06 season, the club secured a mid-table League One finish, marking the first time that the Iron had managed to avoid immediate relegation following a promotion since 1958. Young strikers Billy Sharp and Andy Keogh established themselves as the first-choice strike partnership, and scored 38 goals between them. Again the club led away in the FA Cup 3rd round at a Premier League club – this time, Manchester City – before eventually losing 3–1.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: After a successful start to the 2006–07 season, Laws was offered the job of manager at Sheffield Wednesday, which he accepted, ending almost a decade in charge of the Iron.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Following Laws' departure, physiotherapist Nigel Adkins was put in temporary charge. After obtaining good results, his role was made permanent. Fans responded with the chant: "Who needs Mourinho, we've got our physio." Despite selling Keogh to Wolverhampton Wanderers in the January transfer window, the club went on to win League One and promotion to the Championship that season, in the process setting a club record 16-match unbeaten run and accumulating 91 points. Billy Sharp was the leading goalscorer in the top four divisions, netting 30.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Billy Sharp was sold to Sheffield United before the start of the following season for a then-club record £2 million. Despite his ostensible replacement, Martin Paterson, scoring 13 league goals, Scunthorpe were unable to cement their place in the second tier, and were relegated in 23rd place. Paterson was sold to Burnley at the end of the season for £1.6m.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The 2008–09 season saw Scunthorpe reach Wembley twice. The Iron qualified for the Football League Trophy final, but were beaten 3–2 after extra time by Luton Town. The club then qualified for the League One play-offs through an 88th-minute equaliser by club captain Cliff Byrne against promotion rivals Tranmere Rovers on the last day of the regular season. Scunthorpe beat MK Dons on penalties after a 1–1 aggregate draw in the semi-finals, before beating Millwall in the Wembley final 3–2, with two goals from Matt Sparrow and one from Martyn Woolford, to achieve promotion back to the Championship at the first time of asking.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: In 2009–10, the Iron managed to retain their second-tier status, a feat no Scunthorpe side had achieved since 1963. The campaign included a 2–1 home win over eventual champions, Newcastle United, Scunthorpe's first appearance on UK terrestrial television in the FA Cup third-round 4–2 home defeat to Manchester City, and Gary Hooper as the club's top scorer (and the Championship's third-highest) with 19 goals; he was sold to Scottish club Celtic at the end of the season for £2.4 million.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Seven games into the 2010–11 season, Nigel Adkins left Scunthorpe to become Southampton's manager. Coach and former player Ian Baraclough was appointed as his replacement, but he was sacked half a year later after a slide into the relegation zone. Former Scunthorpe defender Alan Knill was appointed from Bury with eight games of the season remaining, but was unable to prevent the Iron from finishing bottom and returning to League One.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Although Scunthorpe had been hopeful of bouncing back to the Championship, the club endured a difficult first half of the 2011–12 season, just above the relegation zone at New Year and knocked out in the first round of the FA Cup by League Two's AFC Wimbledon (although they did take Premier League Newcastle United to extra time in the League Cup). They fared somewhat better in the second half of the season, embarking on a ten-match unbeaten run. They finished the season in 18th place with 52 points.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The 2012–13 league season started poorly for Scunthorpe, but in the first round of the League Cup the club drew 5–5 with Derby County and won 7–6 on penalties. By 27 October they had just two league wins. On 29 October 2012 Alan Knill was sacked as Scunthorpe manager, after a 3–0 defeat by MK Dons left the club 22nd in League One. On the same day it was confirmed that ex-United boss Brian Laws would return after a six-year absence, along with former assistant manager Russ Wilcox. Laws' first game in charge was a 4–0 defeat to Gillingham in the FA Cup, but this was followed by consecutive away wins against Walsall and Coventry City in the league. Ultimately, however, Laws was unable to stop the club's slide back into League Two, with relegation confirmed on the last day of the season despite a 3–1 home victory over Swindon Town. At the end of the 2012–13 season, the then chairman Steve Wharton stepped down from his position with immediate effect. Businessman Peter Swann was appointed as his successor on 24 May 2013.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: During the 2013–14 season in League Two, on 20 November 2013 following a 2–1 home defeat to local rivals Grimsby Town in the FA Cup, Laws was sacked after a run of five games without a win. Wilcox took over as manager around halfway through the season, and after a 28-game unbeaten run, ending in a 2–0 defeat to Exeter City, which broke the all-time football league record, Scunthorpe achieved instant promotion back to League One. Russ Wilcox was the LMA League Two Manager of the Season while forward Sam Winnall picked up the Golden Boot for his 23 goals. Wilcox also picked up a special merit award from Sir Alex Ferguson for his unbeaten start as manager.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Despite these accolades, Wilcox could not sustain momentum into the following season and was sacked on 8 October 2014, with the club 23rd in League One, to be replaced by Mark Robins on 13 October. The change proved successful with the club finishing 16th, six points clear of relegation. The 2014–15 season also saw the Iron involved in a then record-breaking penalty shootout against non-league Worcester City in the FA Cup 2nd round replay, with 32 penalties taken. Despite this dramatic advance to the 3rd round, the club bowed out in a disappointing fashion, going down 0–2 to Chesterfield in a 3rd round replay.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Although Robins had saved the club from relegation during the 2014–15 season, the club's performances during the first half of the 2015–16 season were disappointing and inconsistent. On 18 January 2016, Robins was sacked after a 5–0 away defeat to Blackpool. Nick Daws and Andy Dawson were placed in temporary charge of the club, with their first game (a 3–0 home win over Colchester United) coming on 23 January. A spell of positive results followed, and on 22 February it was announced that Daws had been installed as manager until the end of the season, with Dawson as his assistant.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Just over a month after the appointment of Daws and Dawson, Graham Alexander was appointed as the club's new manager on 22 March 2016. Alexander's first game in charge was a 0–0 draw away to Barnsley on 25 March, followed by an emphatic 6–0 home victory over Swindon Town a week later. Alexander continued the revival of Scunthorpe's season which had begun following Robins' departure. The club mounted a late charge towards the League One play-off positions, narrowly missing out to Barnsley on goal difference, finishing the season in seventh place with 74 points.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Under Alexander, the Iron won six of their first ten games in the 2016–17 season and were top of League One from 17 September, after a 0–1 away win at Shrewsbury Town, to 31 December, when a 2–1 away defeat to Bolton Wanderers saw the Iron drop to third. This run also saw United go a calendar year unbeaten at home after a 3–0 victory over Millwall on 17 December 2016 (the Iron's previous home defeat was on 19 December 2015 by Sheffield United). Despite climbing back to the top of the table in January, a dramatic slump in form saw Scunthorpe fail to win through February; the club was fifth in early March 2017. However, an upturn in the club's home form saw a 2–1 victory over Rochdale on 14 March thanks to a late Matt Crooks strike, and on 14 April the club recorded its first away victory since January with a 0–1 win over MK Dons. The side then won its last five games of the regular season, enough for the Iron to finish third with 82 points, having never been outside the top six during the season. Following the third-place finish, the Iron were drawn against sixth-placed Millwall in the play-off semi-final. The first leg ended 0–0, then the Iron suffered a 2–3 home defeat in the second leg, despite having first taken the lead.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: In the 2017–18 season, the Iron recorded their first league win three games into the regular season with a 1–0 win over Oxford United. United climbed into the top six of League One with a 0–4 away victory at Plymouth Argyle on 26 August 2017. The club remained in a play-off spot for most of the season, but a disastrous run of form in February and March jeopardised the Iron's play-off hopes. On 24 March 2018, the club was 5th in League One but without a victory in eight games following a 1–1 home draw against Rochdale, and Graham Alexander was sacked as manager. Nick Daws and Andy Dawson were reappointed caretaker manager and assistant respectively but the Iron won neither of their next two games and slipped to 9th. A 0–1 away victory at fellow play-off hopefuls Charlton Athletic was followed by three consecutive wins, with United securing their play-off position on 1 May 2018 with a 2–0 home win over Plymouth Argyle. Scunthorpe finished the season in 5th place and were drawn against Rotherham United in the play-off semi-finals. Despite holding the Millers to a 2–2 draw in the first leg at Glanford Park, Scunthorpe were again denied a trip to Wembley with a 2–0 defeat in the second leg.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Until 2018, the club had been considered one of the most financially prudent in English football, being one of only three in the top four divisions to be debt-free. In October 2018, it was revealed that a £2 million loan from the outgoing chairman Steven Wharton was helping to keep the club financially stable.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Stuart McCall was appointed manager on 27 August 2018, but despite a January sequence of four wins out of five games that earned him the January 2019 League One Manager of the Month award, the Iron dropped to 18th and McCall was sacked in March 2019; Andy Dawson was again put in temporary charge until the end of the season. The team took only two points from their remaining seven games, ending four points short of safety, and were relegated in 23rd position. Former boss of rivals Grimsby, Paul Hurst, was appointed as first team manager on 13 May 2019, nine days after the season's end. On 30 July 2019, the club signed a stadium naming-rights deal; Glanford Park was renamed The Sands Venue Stadium for the 2019–20 EFL League Two season. On 29 January 2020, Hurst was sacked with Scunthorpe in 16th place, with Russ Wilcox returning as caretaker manager until the end of the season. Due to COVID-19 impacts, the 2019–20 season was terminated early and decided on a points per game basis, placing Scunthorpe 20th. During pre-season, Neil Cox was appointed as the permanent manager. In 2020–21, the majority of fixtures were played behind closed doors; Scunthorpe finished 22nd place, after not winning any of their final ten fixtures and avoiding relegation by three points.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: After a disappointing start to the 2021–22 season, Cox was sacked on 1 November 2021 with his side sitting bottom of the Football League with just eleven points from the first 15 matches. On 5 November 2021, Keith Hill was appointed as Cox's successor. On 31 March 2022, with the Iron bottom of League Two and 10 points from safety, chairman Peter Swann announced his resignation with immediate effect. The club said that Lee Turnbull would take over Swann's duties. On 15 April 2022, Scunthorpe lost 3–0 at Leyton Orient and were relegated from League Two, ending a 72-year spell in the Football League. The club's final league game was a 7–0 hammering away at Bristol Rovers, leaving the Iron bottom of the table with just 26 points. Manager Keith Hill said he wanted to get the club back into the Football League but a change in its "terrible" culture was needed. The club released ten players following relegation.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Scunthorpe United won their first match in the National League, beating Yeovil Town 2–1, but then lost the next five. On 30 August 2022, Hill was sacked. The club was second from bottom of the league and had won three times and lost 27 out of 39 matches under him. On 14 September 2022, the club was reported to be "in genuine danger of entering administration" after a proposed takeover deal collapsed, though Peter Swann, the club's owner, said he was "not going down that route". Tony Daws was appointed interim manager pending completion of a takeover at the club, overseeing a six-game unbeaten run in the league at the start of his tenure, but by mid November, following a home defeat to fellow strugglers Maidstone United, Scunthorpe were 22nd, third from bottom of the National League. Daws stepped down as interim manager on 28 November 2022, resuming his role as academy manager. Interim assistant manager, Michael Nelson, became interim manager, with support from goalkeeping coach, Paul Musselwhite, and acting COO, Lee Turnbull. In late November 2022, a takeover bid headed by a London consortium failed to due a lack of proof of funds. However, following reports of missed wage payments, it was announced on 1 December 2022 that a local consortium, headed by ex-director Simon Elliot and Scunthorpe-born entrepreneur Ian Sharp, had agreed to buy the club. Peter Swann said the missed wage payments were the reason why the sale happened when it did.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The Old Show Ground was club's original home from 1899 to 1988. The site, in the centre of Scunthorpe, hosted events including the annual Scunthorpe show as far back as 1867. The site was also initially known simply as 'the Showground', but it is unclear when the prefix 'Old' was added.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The Old Show Ground needed significant investment to maintain its fabric and ensure compliance with new regulations introduced in the wake of the Bradford City stadium fire. In 1987, with the club hampered by financial difficulties, it announced plans to relocate. The ground was sold to the former supermarket chain Safeway (now Sainsbury's) and the search was started for a new location. In 1988 Scunthorpe United became the first English football club in the modern era to move to a new, purpose-built stadium, Glanford Park.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The site of the former ground is now home to a Sainsbury's store, at the junction of Doncaster Road and Henderson Avenue. When the store was opened a plaque (since removed) marked the location of the centre-spot, just in front of the delicatessen counter. A carved stone commemorating the site's previous use was incorporated into the exterior wall of a 2011 extension, beside the cashpoints.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Land was secured at an out of town site in what was then the administrative area of Glanford meaning that the new ground was outside the boundaries of Scunthorpe (although this changed with the re-organisation of local government in 1996 as both Scunthorpe Borough Council and Glanford Borough Council merged to become "North Lincolnshire Council").


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: At this time there were no grants available and the development had to funded with the cash from the sale of the Old Show Ground, sponsorship, directors' loans and bank loans. This lack of outsider cash means that Glanford Park was built in a rather simplistic, box-like style, with a significantly smaller capacity than the Old Show Ground.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: The club's nickname, "The Iron", marks the town's association with the iron and steel industry. The club's first choice playing colours are claret and blue.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Scunthorpe United's official team mascots is the 'Scunny Bunny', who wears the same kit as the outfield players do.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Scunthorpe's geographical region pits them against several professional clubs. Grimsby Town are traditionally viewed as Scunthorpe's fiercest rivals; The two clubs last met on 23 January 2021. Other local rivals are Hull City, Doncaster Rovers, Lincoln City and York City, with Doncaster being the nearest geographically to Glanford Park. Games with Lincoln are referred to as Lincolnshire derbies, with games against Hull and Grimsby being known as the Humber derby.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Other clubs in Lincolnshire such as Boston United and Gainsborough Trinity are in the club's region but have not played in the same league as Scunthorpe for a number of years.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: During Scunthorpe's rise to the second and third tiers of English football, rivalries with Barnsley, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday emerged, although none of these clubs see Scunthorpe as a rival.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Grant McCann played 12 matches for Northern Ireland during his time at Scunthorpe, a club record. McCann scored three goals at international level - a tally also reached by New Zealander David Mulligan. George Thomas was the most recent Scunthorpe player to make a full international appearance, for Wales against Trinidad and Tobago on 20 March 2019, during a season-long loan spell from Leicester City.


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: Notable players with full international caps after or before their times at Scunthorpe include (in alphabetical order):


title: Scunthorpe United F.C.

text: England cricket all-rounder Ian Botham played as a centre-half and made eleven appearances in the Football League for Scunthorpe.


title: Ambyr Childers

text: Ambyr C. Childers (born July 18, 1988) is an American actress known for her portrayal of Susan Atkins in the NBC crime drama "Aquarius", Ashley Rucker in the Showtime crime drama "Ray Donovan", and Candace Stone in the Lifetime/Netflix thriller series "You".


title: Ambyr Childers

text: Childers was born in Cottonwood, Arizona, and raised in Murrieta, Riverside, California. She has two sisters. Childers attended Vista Murrieta High School.


title: Ambyr Childers

text: After appearing in the 2003 film "", she played Colby Chandler on the daytime soap opera "All My Children" from 2006 to 2008. She also played Elizabeth "E" Dodd in "The Master".


title: Ambyr Childers

text: Childers and Kate Bosworth teamed up to co-create Ambyr Childers Jewelry, a new line of delicate pieces that mixes Childers's Native American heritage with Bosworth's "essential cool-girl vibe".


title: Ambyr Childers

text: Childers starred as Candace Stone in Lifetime's television adaptation of "You", which premiered on September 9, 2018. On December 3, 2018, it was announced that "You" would move to Netflix as a "Netflix Original" title, ahead of the premiere of the second season. On February 1, 2019, "Deadline" announced that Childers had been promoted to a series regular role, ahead of the second season's premiere. The second season was released on December 26, 2019.


title: Ambyr Childers

text: Childers married film producer Randall Emmett in 2009. The couple had a daughter in 2010 and a second daughter in 2013. Emmett filed for legal separation in April 2015, and the couple divorced in December 2017.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Bartolo Colón (born May 24, 1973), nicknamed "Big Sexy," is a Dominican-American professional baseball pitcher. He has played for 11 different Major League Baseball (MLB) teams: the Cleveland Indians (1997–2002), Montreal Expos (2002), Chicago White Sox (2003, 2009), Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2004–2007), Boston Red Sox (2008), New York Yankees (2011), Oakland Athletics (2012–2013), New York Mets (2014–2016), Atlanta Braves (2017), Minnesota Twins (2017), and Texas Rangers (2018). Colón has also played for the Águilas Cibaeñas of the Dominican Professional Baseball League (Dominican Winter League) and the Acereros de Monclova of the Mexican League. In August 2022, Colón announced that he intends to retire after the 2022–23 Dominican winter season.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón made four MLB All-Star Games: for the Indians (1998), Angels (2005), Athletics (2013), and Mets (2016). He won the American League Cy Young Award with the Angels in 2005, when he led the league in wins.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Early in the 2016 season, Colón was 42 when he became the oldest player to hit his first career home run. At age 45 during the 2018 season, Colón was the oldest active major league player and the last to have played for the Montreal Expos. He holds the record for most career wins by a Latin American-born pitcher.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: In his most recent major league season (2018), Colón and Rangers teammate Adrián Beltré were the last active players to have played in the 1990s.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón grew up in the town of Altamira in the Dominican Republic. He worked long days alongside his father, Miguel, harvesting coffee beans and fruit from the age of 9 to 14. Colón credited his childhood job with the development of his strength. He does major charity work for his old community. Colón's mother, Adriana, died in 2014 of breast cancer.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón was signed by the Cleveland Indians as an amateur free agent in 1993 and began his career in their minor league system.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: In 1995, pitching for Kinston of the Single-A Carolina League, he finished second in wins with 13 and ERA with 1.96, and led the circuit with 152 strikeouts. He was named the league's Pitcher of the Year, despite shutting down on August 1 with a bruised elbow. He was named the Indians' 1995 Minor League Player of the Year (receiving the "Lou Boudreau Award").


title: Bartolo Colón

text: He played Triple-A ball with the Buffalo Bisons in 1997 and on June 21 became the only player in team history to throw a no-hitter at Sahlen Field, then called North AmeriCare Park.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón made his major league debut against the Anaheim Angels on April 4, 1997, receiving a no decision. In his first MLB season, Colón went 4–7 with a 5.65 earned run average. The following year, he set the modern-day but unofficial major league record for throwing the most pitches (20) in a single at bat on June 26, 1998 against Ricky Gutiérrez, who eventually struck out. That record was broken in 2018. Later that season, Colón won his only start of the 1998 American League Championship Series, pitching a four-hit, one-run complete game. In his 1999 season, Colón finished 18–5, pitching over 200 innings with 161 strikeouts and a 3.95 earned run average.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On September 18, 2000, he tossed a one-hitter against the New York Yankees. In both 2000 and 2001, Colón posted over 200 strikeouts, making him the first Indians pitcher since Gaylord Perry to record at least 200 strikeouts in back-to-back seasons.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Just before the 2002 trade deadline, Colón and Tim Drew were traded to the Montreal Expos in exchange for Lee Stevens, Brandon Phillips, and prospects Grady Sizemore and Cliff Lee. Colón finished 2002 with a combined 20–8 record and a 2.93 earned run average, including 76 earned runs with 70 walks in innings, three shutouts, and eight complete games. Ultimately, he was the last active player who had played for the Montreal Expos.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Before the 2003 season, Colón was traded to the Chicago White Sox with minor leaguer Jorge Nunez for Orlando Hernández, Rocky Biddle, Jeff Liefer and cash.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: A free agent after the previous season, he signed with the Anaheim Angels in 2004. Colón won 18 games with Anaheim in 2004. During the 2005 season, he went 21–8 with a 3.48 earned run average, and became the first Angels pitcher to win the Cy Young Award since Dean Chance in 1964. Due to a partially torn rotator cuff that he received in a playoff game against the Yankees in 2005, Colón spent much of the 2006 season on the disabled list with soreness or inflammation in his right shoulder. In 10 starts, Colón went 1–5 with a 5.11 earned run average.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On April 21, 2007, his first start of the 2007 season following his return from the disabled list, Colón pitched 7 innings, allowing one run on seven hits for his first win in 2007.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On February 25, 2008, Colón signed a minor league deal with the Boston Red Sox and was invited to spring training. On May 15, 2008, he threw a one-hitter for the Red Sox' Triple-A team, the Pawtucket Red Sox. Six days later, Colón's contract was purchased by the Red Sox, and he was added to the active roster. Colón pitched his first game for the Red Sox on May 21, 2008, against the Kansas City Royals. He earned his 150th career win on June 11, 2008, against the Baltimore Orioles.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On September 19, 2008, Colón was placed on the suspended list by the Red Sox after leaving for the Dominican Republic to handle "personal matters" and deciding to stay, effectively ending his Red Sox career. He was placed on the restricted list on September 25, 2008. Colón spent the postseason on the restricted list as the Red Sox won the 2008 ALDS against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in 4 games, but lost the 2008 ALCS against the Tampa Bay Rays in 7 games. He filed for free agency after the end of the 2008 season.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón agreed to a one-year, $1 million contract to return to the Chicago White Sox in January 2009, shortly after they traded Javier Vázquez to the Atlanta Braves. He competed for the fourth and fifth starters' positions in the White Sox rotation.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón made his comeback from off-season surgery to remove bone chips from his pitching arm elbow during the White Sox Spring training, in the Cactus League in Arizona. Manager Ozzie Guillén named him the White Sox' fifth starter before the start of the regular season. Colón won his first start in his second stint in Chicago, pitching six strong innings of three-hit ball as the Sox blanked Minnesota 8–0 on April 11, 2009. In doing so he became the first White Sox starting pitcher to win a regular season game in 2009. Colón then suffered another injury and did not pitch again for the remainder of the season.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón did not pitch in 2010 due to ongoing right shoulder and elbow pain and damage to the rotator cuff, ligaments and tendons. In March 2010, he received a transplant of stem cells to repair the damaged tissues in his right shoulder. The orthopedic surgeon who performed the surgery said he had used human growth hormone in previous surgeries of the same type but not with Colón. The surgery was scrutinized by Major League Baseball but no wrongdoing was found.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón then played in the Pre-World Championship in Puerto Rico, winter ball with the Aguilas and the Leones del Escogido, and the Puerto Rican winter league., and announced that he would attempt a comeback to the major leagues for the 2011 season. He signed a minor league deal with the New York Yankees on January 26, 2011. Colón was invited to spring training, competing for a spot on the 25-man roster, despite coming into camp 30 pounds overweight. He was named to the Yankees' Opening Day roster in the bullpen. Colón made his first start for the Yankees on April 20, taking the rotation spot of the injured Phil Hughes. Through May, Colon was 3–3 with a 3.26 earned run average. On May 30, 2011, he threw a four-hit shutout, his first since 2006 against the Athletics. He sustained a hamstring injury on June 11, 2011, against the Cleveland Indians. When he was injured, he was in the seventh inning of a shutout game, but he limped off the field after covering first base on a ground ball to Yankees first baseman Mark Teixeira. Colón then ended up on the 15-day disabled list. He said that he'd be back pitching right when eligible. On July 2, Colón returned to the Yankees and threw six shutout innings against the New York Mets. On July 14 against the Blue Jays, Colón exited after recording only two outs in the first inning while yielding eight runs, the shortest outing of his career. Colón's 2011 season was somewhat of a resurgence, going 8–10 with a 4.00 earned run average and a 1.29 walks plus hits divided by innings pitched ratio. He was demoted to the bullpen when the Yankees made the postseason and the team lost to the Detroit Tigers in the 2011 ALDS.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On January 14, 2012, Colón agreed to a one-year, $2 million contract with the Oakland Athletics. He started the second game of the season for the Athletics in the Opening Series in Tokyo, Japan, throwing eight innings, giving up one run over three hits while recording six strikeouts. On April 18 Colón threw 38 consecutive strikes, the most since 1988, when the MLB began to collect pitching data in-depth, in a start against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He started the 2012 season with a 3–1 record and 2.64 earned run average, but faltered with a 1–4 record and 5.80 earned run average in his next seven starts.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On August 22, 2012, MLB suspended Colón for 50 games after he tested positive for synthetic testosterone, a performance-enhancing substance in violation of the Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program. He was the second major leaguer to be suspended within a two-week time frame for testosterone (along with San Francisco Giants star Melky Cabrera).


title: Bartolo Colón

text: The Athletics signed Colón to a one-year, $3 million deal for 2013. He was selected for his third All-Star team in July after posting an 11–3 record with a 2.78 earned run average.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On December 11, 2013, Colón agreed to a 2-year, $20 million contract with the New York Mets. On June 18, he got his first hit in nine years when he hit a double off Lance Lynn. On August 8, 2014, Colón recorded his 200th win in a 5–4 victory over the Phillies. He is the third Dominican-born pitcher to do so, after Juan Marichal and Pedro Martínez, and the third pitcher to do so in a Mets uniform, after Orel Hershiser and Martínez. Colón finished the 2014 season with 31 starts, 15–13 record, 202.1 innings pitched, 151 strikeouts, and a 4.09 earned run average while giving up 218 hits, 30 walks, 22 home runs, and 97 runs (92 of them earned).


title: Bartolo Colón

text: In 2015 against the Washington Nationals, Colón became the third opening day pitcher over 40 years old to strike out eight batters, after Cy Young and Nolan Ryan. On April 12, 2015, against the Atlanta Braves, Colón hit a run-scoring single off Alex Wood, the 6th run batted in of his career. On April 23, 2015, Colón completed an unassisted pickoff of Atlanta Braves catcher A. J. Pierzynski en route to becoming the first pitcher aged 40 years or older to win his first four starts in a season in the past 80 years. He also tallied one more run batted in, a double on May 31, 2015. Colón became the first pitcher ever to record wins against one team (the Baltimore Orioles) for seven different clubs. Six pitchers held the previous record of six clubs.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On June 9, 2015, Colón set a new Mets franchise record of most consecutive decisions as a starting pitcher, achieving 26 decisions in 26 consecutive starts. This record was previously held by Dwight Gooden. On September 5, 2015, Justin Bour of the Miami Marlins hit a chopper down the first-base line; Colón charged and made a behind-the-back flip to first for the out. Video of the play garnered widespread media acclaim. In 33 games (31 starts), he finished the 2015 year with a 14–13 record and a 4.16 earned run average. On October 21, 2015, Colón pitched 1.1 innings in relief to earn the win in game 4 of the 2015 National League Championship Series and help the Mets sweep the Chicago Cubs.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On October 27, 2015, Colón pitched 2.1 innings in relief and took the loss at the end of Game 1 of the World Series, becoming the oldest man ever to lose a World Series game. It was his first World Series appearance since he was a rookie with the Indians in 1997, and the Mets lost the series in five games to the Kansas City Royals.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On December 16, 2015, Colón re-signed with the Mets on a 1-year, $7.25 million contract. He entered the 2016 major league season as the oldest active player. Following the retirement of Maicer Izturis, he became the last active major league player who appeared for the Montreal Expos.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On May 7, Colón hit his first major league home run, against the San Diego Padres at Petco Park off of James Shields. At age 42 years and 349 days, Colón broke a record, becoming the oldest major league player to hit his first home run. On June 21, he was injured when Whit Merrifield hit his pitch right to the pitcher's mound, striking Colón in the thumb. He was immediately taken out of the game. On July 8, Colón was named to the 2016 MLB All-Star Game, replacing Madison Bumgarner. On August 15, he drew a walk after having not been walked in his previous 281 plate appearances, achieving a new MLB record. On October 1, Colón became the 47th player ever to make 500 career starts.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On November 17, 2016, Colón signed a one-year, $12.5 million contract with the Atlanta Braves. The Braves designated him for assignment on June 29, 2017, after he put up a 2–8 record with an 8.14 earned run average and 1.78 walks plus hits divided by innings pitched in 13 starts. He was released on July 4.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On July 7, 2017, Colón signed a minor league contract with the Minnesota Twins. Colón was called up on July 18 to start against the New York Yankees. On August 4, he threw a complete game against the Texas Rangers; at age 44, he became the oldest American League pitcher to record a nine-inning complete-game win since 45-year-old Nolan Ryan did the same in 1992. Later that month he became the 18th pitcher to record a win against all 30 MLB teams, completing the feat against the Arizona Diamondbacks.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On February 4, 2018, Colón signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers that included an invitation to spring training. He was released on March 24, and signed another minor league contract with Texas on March 26. Colón was called up on April 2 to start against the Oakland Athletics. On April 15, Colón took a perfect game through 7 innings until walking Carlos Correa. Colón went through 7 innings, allowing one run as the Rangers won 3–1 in 10 innings. On April 28, 2018, he pitched seven innings while allowing six hits and three runs on 98 pitches, being the winning pitcher in a 7–4 result against the Toronto Blue Jays. This was the eleventh team with which he recorded at least one win. A win on June 18 against Kansas City moved him past Juan Marichal, the "Dominican Dandy", to become the pitcher with most career wins from the Dominican Republic. On August 7, in an 11–4 victory against the Seattle Mariners, Colón earned his 246th career pitching win, moving him past Dennis Martinez for the most victories all time by a Latin American-born pitcher. He elected free agency on October 29, and was not signed for the 2019 season.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: On February 14, 2020, Colón signed with the Acereros de Monclova of the Mexican League. However, he never played in 2020, since the Mexican League season was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He made his first pre-season appearance for the team on May 1, 2021. Colon made his regular season debut on May 21 and pitched five innings, giving up five hits and one run. In August 2022, he announced that he will retire from baseball following one last season of winter league baseball with the Águilas Cibaeñas of Dominican Professional Baseball League.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón throws four pitches. Early in his career, he had excellent velocity on his four-seam fastball, throwing it in the mid-90s and occasionally touching 100 mph. In his later career, Colón's four-seamer sat at 86–91 mph, and he paired it with a two-seamer at 84–88 mph. This combination of fastballs makes up nearly 90% of Colón's pitches, but he also throws a changeup to left-handed hitters, and a slider. He is primarily known as a control pitcher, with an exceptional ability to spot pitches at any location. This keeps the number of walks he allows to a minimum, but leads to more hits as he will attempt to throw strikes.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón is known as "Big Sexy" by his teammates and the media. He applied for a trademark on the Big Sexy nickname and plans on making apparel out of it.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: Colón's wife, Rosanna, and their four sons live in New Jersey. On September 30, 2014, Colón and his wife became US citizens. Colón met his wife in the Dominican Republic when he was 13 years old.


title: Bartolo Colón

text: In 2015, Colón was sued in Manhattan by a Washington Heights woman seeking child support for her son and daughter, who were fathered by Colón during his marriage. On June 17, 2016, Colón and Alexandra Santos agreed to a deal that included child support payments.


title: System Shock

text: System Shock is a 1994 first-person action-adventure video game developed by LookingGlass Technologies and published by Origin Systems. It was directed by Doug Church with Warren Spector serving as producer. The game is set aboard a space station in a cyberpunk vision of the year 2072. Assuming the role of a nameless security hacker, the player attempts to hinder the plans of a malevolent artificial intelligence called SHODAN.


title: System Shock

text: "System Shock" 3D engine, physics simulation and complex gameplay have been cited as both innovative and influential. The developers sought to build on the emergent gameplay and immersive environments of their previous games, "" and "", by streamlining their mechanics into a more "integrated whole".


title: System Shock

text: Critics praised "System Shock" and hailed it as a major breakthrough in its genre. It was later placed on multiple hall of fame lists. The game was a moderate commercial success, with sales exceeding 170,000 copies, but Looking Glass ultimately lost money on the project. A sequel, "System Shock 2", was released by Looking Glass Studios and offshoot developer Irrational Games in 1999. The 2000 game "Deus Ex" (produced and directed by Spector), the 2007 game "BioShock", and the 2017 game "Prey" are spiritual successors to the two games.


title: System Shock

text: "System Shock" takes place from a first-person perspective in a three-dimensional (3D) graphical environment. The game is set inside a large, multi-level space station, in which players explore, combat enemies and solve puzzles. Progress is largely non-linear, and the game is designed to allow for emergent gameplay. As in "", the player uses a freely movable mouse cursor to aim weapons, to interact with objects and to manipulate the heads-up display (HUD) interface. View and posture controls on the HUD allow the player to lean left or right, look up or down, crouch, and crawl. Practical uses for these actions include taking cover, retrieving items from beneath the player character and navigating small passages, respectively. The HUD also features three "multi-function displays", which may be configured to display information such as weapon readouts, an automap and an inventory.


title: System Shock

text: The player advances the plot by acquiring log discs and e-mails: the game contains no non-player characters with which to converse. Throughout the game, an evil artificial intelligence called SHODAN hinders the player's progress with traps and blocked pathways. Specific computer terminals allow the player to temporarily enter Cyberspace; inside, the player moves weightlessly through a wire-frame 3D environment, while collecting data and fighting SHODAN's security programs. Actions in Cyberspace sometimes cause events in the game's physical world; for example, certain locked doors may only be opened in Cyberspace. Outside of Cyberspace, the player uses the game's sixteen weapons, of which a maximum of seven may be carried at one time, to combat robots, cyborgs and mutants controlled by SHODAN. Projectile weapons often have selectable ammunition types with varying effects; for example, the "dart pistol" may fire either explosive needles or tranquilizers. Energy weapons and several types of explosives may also be found, with the latter ranging from concussion grenades to land mines.


title: System Shock

text: Along with weapons, the player collects items such as dermal patches and first-aid kits. Dermal patches provide the character with beneficial effects—such as regeneration or increased melee attack power—but can cause detrimental side-effects, such as fatigue and distorted color perception. Attachable "hardware" may also be found, including energy shields and head-mounted lanterns. Increasingly advanced versions of this hardware may be obtained as the game progresses. When activated, most hardware drains from a main energy reserve, which necessitates economization. Certain hardware displays the effectiveness of attacks when active, with messages such as "Normal damage". When an enemy is attacked, the damage is calculated by armor absorption, vulnerabilities, critical hits and a degree of randomness. Weapons and munitions deal specific kinds of damage, and certain enemies are immune, or more vulnerable, to particular types. For example, electromagnetic pulse weapons heavily damage robots, but do not affect mutants. Conversely, gas grenades are effective against mutants, but do not damage robots.


title: System Shock

text: Set in the year 2072, the protagonist—a nameless hacker—is caught while attempting to access files concerning Citadel Station, a space station owned by the TriOptimum Corporation. The hacker is taken to Citadel Station and brought before Edward Diego, a TriOptimum executive. Diego offers to drop all charges against the hacker in exchange for a confidential hacking of SHODAN, the artificial intelligence that controls the station. Diego secretly plans to steal an experimental mutagenic virus being tested on Citadel Station and to sell it on the black market as a biological weapon. To entice cooperation, Diego promises the hacker a valuable military-grade neural implant. After hacking SHODAN, removing the AI's ethical constraints, and handing control over to Diego, the protagonist undergoes surgery to implant the promised neural interface. Following the operation, the hacker is put into a six-month healing coma. The game begins as the protagonist awakens from his coma and finds that SHODAN has commandeered the station. All robots aboard have been reprogrammed for hostility, and the crew have been either mutated, transformed into cyborgs, or killed.


title: System Shock

text: Rebecca Lansing, a TriOptimum counter-terrorism consultant, contacts the player and claims that Citadel Station's mining laser is being powered up to attack Earth. SHODAN's plan is to destroy all major cities on the planet, in a bid to establish itself as a god. Rebecca says that a certain crew member knows how to deactivate the laser, and promises to destroy the records of the hacker's incriminating exchange with Diego if the strike is stopped. With information gleaned from log discs, the hacker destroys the laser by firing it into Citadel Station's own shields. Foiled by the hacker's work, SHODAN prepares to seed Earth with the virus that Diego planned to steal—the same one responsible for turning the station's crew into mutants. The hacker, while attempting to jettison the chambers used to cultivate the virus, confronts and defeats Diego, who has been transformed into a powerful cyborg by SHODAN. Next, SHODAN begins an attempt to upload itself into Earth's computer networks. Following Rebecca's advice, the hacker prevents the download's completion by destroying the four antennas that SHODAN is using to send data.


title: System Shock

text: Soon after, Rebecca contacts the hacker and says that she has convinced TriOptimum to authorize the station's destruction; she provides him with details on how to do this. After obtaining the necessary codes, the hacker initiates the station's self-destruct sequence and flees to the escape pod bay. There, the hacker defeats Diego a second time, then attempts to disembark. However, SHODAN prevents the pod from launching; it seeks to keep the player aboard the station, while the bridge—which contains SHODAN—is jettisoned to a safe distance. Rebecca tells the hacker that he can still escape if he reaches the bridge; SHODAN then intercepts and jams the transmission. After defeating Diego for the third time and killing him for good, the hacker makes it to the bridge as it is released from the main station, which soon detonates. He is then contacted by a technician who managed to circumvent SHODAN's jamming signal. The technician informs him that SHODAN can only be defeated in cyberspace, due to the powerful shields that protect its mainframe computers. Using a terminal near the mainframe, the hacker enters cyberspace and destroys SHODAN. After his rescue, the hacker is offered a job at TriOptimum, but he declines in favor of continuing his life as a hacker.


title: System Shock

text: "System Shock" was first conceived during the final stages of "" development, between December 1992 and January 1993. Designer and programmer Doug Church spent this period at the Texas headquarters of publisher Origin Systems, and discussions about Looking Glass Technologies' next project occurred between him and producer Warren Spector, with input from designer Austin Grossman and company head Paul Neurath in Massachusetts. According to Church, the team believed that they had made "too many dungeon games"; and Neurath later explained that they were experiencing burnout after the rushed development of "Ultima Underworld II". As a result, they decided to create another "immersive simulation game", but without a fantasy setting. They briefly considered placing the game in modern day, but Church said that the idea was rejected because "it [would] just beg so many questions: why can't I pick up the phone, why can't I get on the train, and so on". Church returned to Looking Glass in Massachusetts, where he, Neurath and Grossman brainstormed possible science fiction settings for the game. According to Spector, the game was initially titled ""Alien Commander"" and was a spin-off of the "Wing Commander" series; however, this idea was soon replaced entirely. Spector said that they enjoyed not being attached to an existing franchise, because it meant that they "could basically do whatever [they] liked".


title: System Shock

text: The four collaborated to write numerous "minutes of gameplay" documents, which conveyed how the game would feel. Church later gave the example, "You hear the sound of a security camera swiveling, and then the beep of it acquiring you as a target, so you duck behind the crate and then you hear the door open so you throw a grenade and run out of the way". The documents would "hint" at the gameplay systems involved, and at the emergent possibilities in each situation. Although Neurath was involved in these initial design sessions, he believed that the project "was always Doug Church's vision at heart". Church and Grossman refined several of the team's documents and defined the game's design and direction, and Grossman wrote the game's original design document. Grossman built on ideas that he first explored while writing and designing "Ultima Underworld II"'s tomb dimension, which he later called a "mini-prototype" for "System Shock". These concepts included the minimization of dialogue trees and a greater focus on exploration. The team believed that dialogue trees "broke the fiction" of games; Church later commented that the dialogue trees in the "Ultima Underworld" series were like separate games in themselves, disconnected from main experience of being immersed in the environment. There were also concerns about realism.


title: System Shock

text: To eliminate dialogue trees from "System Shock", the team prevented the player from ever meeting a living non-player character (NPC): the plot is instead conveyed by e-mail messages and log discs, many of which were recorded by dead NPCs. Here, Grossman took influence from Edgar Lee Masters' "Spoon River Anthology", a collection of poems written as the epitaphs of fictional individuals. Grossman later summarized the idea as "a series of short speeches from people, that when put together, gave you a history of a place." The removal of conversations was an attempt by the team to make the game a more "integrated whole" than was "Ultima Underworld"--one with a greater focus on immersion, atmosphere and "the feeling of 'being there'". They sought to "plunge [players] into the fiction and never provide an opportunity for breaking that fiction"; and so they tried to erase the distinction between plot and exploration. Church considered this direction to be an organic progression from "Ultima Underworld", and he later said, "On some level it's still just a dungeon simulator, and we're still just trying to evolve that idea." Shortly before production began, Tribe bassist Greg LoPiccolo was contracted to work on the game's music. He had visited his friend Rex Bradford at the company, and was spontaneously asked by the game's programmers—many of whom were fans of the band—if he would take the role. The game entered production in February 1993. Although Grossman was heavily involved in the game's early planning, he had little to do with its production, aside from providing assistance with writing and voice acting.


title: System Shock

text: After production began, the team's first task was to develop a new game engine—one that could display a true 3D environment and allow for advanced gameplay. The team abandoned the engine used for the "Ultima Underworld" games and coded one from scratch in Watcom C/C++, using 32-bit code. The new engine is capable of processing texture maps, sloped architecture and light-emitting objects; and it allows the player to look in any direction, whereas "Ultima Underworld"'s engine was "very limited" in this regard. It also enables the player character to jump, crawl, climb walls and lean, among other things. The designers utilized loopholes in the engine's renderer to create more diverse and striking environments. Despite having coded the renderer, Church said that "at first glance even I couldn't see how they did them". However, this added to the performance issues already being caused by the engine's advanced nature, and the team struggled to optimize the game throughout development. 3D polygonal character models were planned, but they could not be implemented on schedule. Church said that the team's ultimate goal was to create a "rich, exciting, active environment" in which the player could be immersed, and that this required "a coherent story and a world that you can interact with as much as possible."