title: Hereford

text: Hereford railway station is situated to the north of the city centre. The station is the western terminus of the Cotswold Line; it is a through station on the Welsh Marches Line between Abergavenny and Leominster.


title: Hereford

text: The station is managed by Transport for Wales, which operates services to destinations such as Newport, Cardiff and Swansea to the south. Transport for Wales also operates services northbound towards Leominster, Shrewsbury, Chester, Manchester and Holyhead.


title: Hereford

text: On the Cotswold Line, services are operated by West Midlands Railway towards Birmingham, via destinations such as Great Malvern, Worcester and Bromsgrove. Great Western Railway operates regular services to London Paddington via Worcester, Oxford and Reading, amongst other destinations.


title: Hereford

text: An unbroken shared-use path for cyclists and pedestrians runs along the western rim of the city, from Newton Farm to Holmer. The Great Western Way route crosses the River Wye using Hunderton Bridge.


title: Hereford

text: National Cycle Route 46 runs southbound from Hereford to Swansea. The route is signposted and unbroken, and the next destination from Hereford "en route" is Kilpeck Castle. The route passes through Abergavenny and the Heads of the Valleys as it enters Wales. As of Summer 2020, Sustrans proposes an extension to Route 46 running eastbound from Hereford to Worcester.


title: Hereford

text: National Cycle Route 44 leaves Hereford to the southeast and runs as far as Rotherwas. The route is incomplete; once completed, Route 44 will run to Ludlow Castle to the north and Cinderford, Forest of Dean to the south.


title: Hereford

text: Since the decision of First Midland Red to pull out of the city in 2015, the majority of bus routes have been operated by Hereford bus and coach operator Yeomans Canyon. The 33 service to Ross-on-Wye and 36 service to Monmouth are operated by Stagecoach West, services historically in the hands of Red & White. Other bus services are operated by various operators. TrawsCymru links Hereford railway station to Hay-on-Wye and Brecon on the T14 service. Stagecoach South Wales has the X3 which runs to Abergavenny.


title: Hereford

text: In 1999, the British Army Special Air Service (SAS) moved from their base at Stirling Lines (formerly Bradbury Lines) in Hereford, their home since 1960, to a former Royal Air Force base RAF Credenhill in Credenhill that had been redeveloped and was designated as Stirling Lines in 2000. The clock tower on which the names of deceased SAS soldiers are inscribed was re-located.


title: Hereford

text: Herefordshire is a global centre for cider production as it supports many acres of orchards, so many breweries and associated organisations exist here, along with other heavy and light industries. Within the city, many are based at the Rotherwas Industrial Estate.


title: Hereford

text: Many of the schools in Hereford have been rebuilt and improved. The Herefordshire and Ludlow College has also been rebuilt to a 21st-century standard. In September 2021 a new higher education institution NMITE (New Model Institute for Technology and Engineering) welcomed its first students who are undertaking an MEng Integrated Engineering. There have been a number of improvements at Hereford Sixth Form College, where a new business block extension was completed in 2013 and a new reception area was completed in 2015.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford benefitted from the PFI reconstruction schemes for NHS hospitals, with the former County Hospital site having £60 million spent on a brand new, one-site hospital to replace the former 3 hospitals: the General, the Eye Hospital, and the County Hospital. The new Hereford County Hospital was the single largest investment in Herefordshire at that point. In 2015, further funds for more improvements at the hospital were granted.


title: Hereford

text: A major regeneration project is taking place in Hereford city centre, formerly known as the Edgar Street Grid. This covers an area of around just north of the old city walls. Work started on 8 October 2012, and should take around 15 years to complete the whole project. The regeneration includes the rebuilding of the canal basin at the end of the currently disused Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal.


title: Hereford

text: The £80 million phase 1 includes a supermarket, department store, multiplex cinema, shops, restaurants, and other facilities and opened in late Spring 2014.


title: Hereford

text: A proposed bypass has been drawn up to circulate the city, which suffers from rush hour traffic, with potential routes either to the east or west of the city. Both routes would connect with the Rotherwas Access Road which was recently completed, connecting the Rotherwas Industrial Estate to the A49. Rotherwas itself has recently been awarded an Enterprise Zone status by the government which is expected to boost the economy and bring in thousands of new jobs.


title: Hereford

text: A second railway station for Hereford has been discussed, which would be situated in Rotherwas as part of the Enterprise Zone.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford is due to receive half of the 20,600 new homes expected to be built in the county by 2026 as part of the Regional Spatial Strategy.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford is the home of the football club, Hereford FC who play at Edgar Street in the National League North. They are a phoenix club that was set up in the wake of the demise of Hereford United Football Club in 2014.


title: Hereford

text: United were best known for beating Newcastle 2–1 in an FA Cup replay in January 1972, when they were still a non-league side and Newcastle were in the top division of English football.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford Rugby Club announced plans in 2012 for a £6 million move to a new home. Also based at the Rugby club are Hereford Stampede who are an American football team who play in the BAFA National Leagues and made their full League debut in 2021.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford Hockey Club is based at the Hereford City Sports Club, with teams entered into leagues in the West Hockey Association.


title: Hereford

text: The city is home to Hereford Racecourse, a traditional National Hunt course to the north of the city centre which hosted around twenty meetings a year. The company who leased the site decided in 2012 that the site was not viable. What many thought to be the last meeting was held on 16 December 2012, however the course reopened for racing in October 2016.


title: Hereford

text: Golf courses surround the city at Wormsley (Herefordshire GC), Kington, Burghill and Brockington. The racecourse surrounds a golf course in Holmer.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford's public leisure facilities are managed by a not-for-profit trust HALO Leisure, which runs the Hereford Leisure Centre (that includes sports halls, gymnasium, squash courts, golf course and an outdoor athletics facility), and the Hereford Leisure Pool (which includes a gymnasium, full size swimming pool, leisure pool, diving pool, and learners pool).


title: Hereford

text: The Hereford Rowing Club (along with the Kayak Club) uses the River Wye. The stretch of river is also used for other water sports.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford has a nine pin skittle league, formed on 24 October 1902, and today consists of five divisions.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford has other clubs and societies including the Railway Club, Welsh Club, Military Club, Richmond Place Club and the Whitecross Squash & Lawn Tennis Club.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford has several music clubs/societies such as Herefordshire Youth Orchestra, a group for those up to the age of 21.


title: Hereford

text: A new higher education institution, the New Model Institute for Technology and Engineering (NMITE), has been created in Hereford, which had its first intake of students in September 2021. It is envisioned as a seed institution for a future University of Hereford within a decade.


title: Hereford

text: The National School of Blacksmithing is the oldest established Blacksmithing college in the UK, also the largest facility for training smiths in Europe. This is also part of HLC.


title: Hereford

text: Primary schools in the city include Hereford Cathedral Junior School, a co-educational independent school. Hereford Cathedral Junior School is, with Hereford Cathedral School, part of the ancient Hereford Cathedral Foundation dating back to 676. The Junior School was founded as an independent school in 1898. The city's other primary schools are: Lord Scudamore Academy, St James C of E, St Francis Xavier R.C, Trinity, Holmer C of E, Marlbrook, Riverside, St Martin's, Broadlands, Riverside, Hampton Dene and St Paul's C of E.


title: Hereford

text: In early 2008, Herefordshire Council and NHS Herefordshire became the first local authority and primary care trust to form a new kind of partnership.


title: Hereford

text: The major hospital in Hereford is the Hereford County Hospital. Ambulance services are provided by the West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust. The Midlands Air Ambulance charity provides air ambulance services across Herefordshire.


title: Hereford

text: A private national firm operates a hospital in Hereford, and the city is well-populated with council-funded, private and charity based nursing, residential and other elderly care homes and facilities.


title: Hereford

text: Farming has played a major part in the history of the county of Herefordshire, and for many years the City of Hereford was the epicentre, playing host to the Cattle Market; a major market site.


title: Hereford

text: With the 2001 foot-and-mouth outbreak the market suffered with trade reduced. Established by Act of Parliament, the market had to be provided, and so a Bill was introduced in 2003 to move the site to the outskirts of the city. The inner city site would then be available for redevelopment, a process that has now finished.


title: Hereford

text: The new Hereford Cattle Market opened its doors in August 2011 on the site just outside the city and has already proved so successful that trading and business is up on the previous site's record.


title: Hereford

text: The annual Three Choirs Festival, originating in the 18th century and one of the oldest music festivals in the British Isles, is held in Hereford every third year, the other venues being Gloucester and Worcester.


title: Hereford

text: Composer Sir Edward Elgar lived at Plas Gwyn, Eign Hill, in Hereford between 1904 and 1911, writing some of his most famous works during that time. He is commemorated with a statue on the Cathedral Close. One of his Enigma Variations was inspired by a bulldog named Dan falling into the River Wye at Hereford, and the dog is similarly honoured with a wooden statue beside the river. Not long after moving into the city he was (despite not being a city council member) offered but declined the office of mayor of the city. He visited the city as a conductor at the Three Choirs Festival, the last occasion in 1933 prior to his death.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford is home to the Hereford Police Male Voice Choir who competed on the BBC TV show "Last Choir Standing", and the Railway Choir.


title: Hereford

text: The hymn tune ‘Hereford’ was written by Samuel Sebastian Wesley (1810–1876). He was an organist at Hereford Cathedral (1832–1835). This tune is often sung to the words ‘O Thou who camest from above’.


title: Hereford

text: H.Art, or Herefordshire Art Week, is an annual county-wide exhibition held in September, displaying the work of local artists. Many places usually closed to the public are opened during this week, such as the Bishop's Palace at the cathedral.


title: Hereford

text: Polish-born sculptor Walenty Pytel has had studios in Hereford since 1963 after training at Hereford College of Art.


title: Hereford

text: There is a statue of a Bronze Hereford bull designed by Brian Alabaster ARBS in front of The Old House.


title: Hereford

text: The troops of the fictional commando squad Rainbow were based at RAF Hereford, as detailed in the novel "Rainbow Six".


title: Hereford

text: The action of the fictional novels "" and "The Last Dragonslayer" by Jasper Fforde take place in Hereford.


title: Hereford

text: Phil Rickman's "Merrily Watkins" series of supernatural and mystery novels is set in and around Hereford.


title: Hereford

text: Comedy writer Aaron Gillies began writing using Twitter while working as a sound technician at The Courtyard.


title: Hereford

text: The local radio stations are Free Radio Herefordshire & Worcestershire (formerly known as Wyvern) which broadcasts on 97.6–96.7–102.8 FM, Sunshine Radio on 106.2 FM, BBC Hereford and Worcester which broadcasts on 94.7FM, Like Radio Like Music, Like Radio. Digital Radio Station available on DAB, Online and On The Go. The station covers Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Gloucester, Cheltenham and Birmingham. Hereford FC has its own online Radio station, RadioHerefordFC covering all its matches Home and Away. It has a 24/7 eclectic music output.


title: Hereford

text: The Hereford Times is the city's only remaining weekly local newspaper as the 'Hereford Journal' ceased publication on 11 June 2014 and the 'Hereford admag' ceased publication in September 2018.


title: Hereford

text: The city's main theatre and cultural venue is the Courtyard Centre for the Arts which was opened in 1998, replacing the New Hereford Theatre.


title: Hereford

text: MFA Bowl (formerly known as TGS), home to a Ten Pin Bowling alley and Mini Golf course is located near the railway station.


title: Hereford

text: Nell Gwyn, David Garrick and Sarah Siddons, actors and actresses, are all historical figures popularly associated with Hereford.


title: Hereford

text: Major-General Stringer Lawrence, first commander-in-chief of British troops in India, under whose command Robert Clive served, was born in Hereford.


title: Hereford

text: Broadcaster Gilbert Harding was born there when his father was master of the local workhouse, as was contemporary actress Beryl Reid.


title: Hereford

text: The original lineup of The Pretenders, with the exception of lead singer Chrissie Hynde, were from Hereford, as were the rock band Mott the Hoople.


title: Hereford

text: Mike Osborne, notable jazz saxophonist active from 1966 to 1981, who spent the last decades of his life in Hereford suffering from mental illness.


title: Hereford

text: Frank Oz, puppeteer for "The Muppets" and Yoda of "Star Wars" was born in Hereford and lived there for the first five years of his life.


title: Hereford

text: John Williamson (economist), international economist and author of "What Washington Means by Policy Reform" was born in Hereford.


title: Hereford

text: The highwayman William Spiggot declared before his execution to the Ordinary's Accounts of Newgate Prison in London that he was the son of an innkeeper from Hereford.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford Cathedral dates from 1079 and contains the "Mappa Mundi", a medieval map of the world dating from the 13th century which was restored in the late 20th century. It also has a chained library.


title: Hereford

text: The Old House, Hereford is an historic black and white house in the centre of High Town in Hereford. It is now a museum about life in the Jacobean era of the 1600s when it was built.


title: Hereford

text: The Hereford Museum and Art Gallery, housed in a Victorian Gothic building and opened in 1874, presents artefacts, fine art, and decorative art associated with the local area.


title: Hereford

text: The Hereford Cider Museum is in the city, with a shop, and an interactive guide to producing the drink. It is a registered Charity Trust founded in the early 1970s by people who wanted to record the past, and the disappearing traditional art of cider making that had been practised for generations on the farms in the "Cider Counties". Situated in an old cider factory, it opened in 1980 and 1981. In the spring/summer a cider festival is held, started in the mid-1980s, by the Friends of the Museum with the advice of Long Ashton Research station near Bristol. It has a display of named cider apples, and the apples are pressed in the old way. The Museum holds in its Pomological Archive a number of records pertaining to apples and cider.


title: Hereford

text: Holme Lacy House, now a hotel for a national chain, was built near the city by John Scudamore in the 1500s. It has played host to famous historical figures in its time.


title: Hereford

text: Several festivals are hosted in Hereford including the Beer on the Wye festival, the Hereford Food Festival, and the Three Choirs Festival.


title: Jung Ji-so

text: Hyun Seung-min (; born September 17, 1999), known professionally as Jung Ji-so () is a South Korean actress. Hyun made her acting debut as a child actress in the 2012 television drama "May Queen". She is best known internationally for her role as Park Da-hye in "Parasite", which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and the Academy Award for Best Picture. For her performance in the film, she won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.


title: Donyell Malen

text: Donyell Malen (born 19 January 1999) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund and the Netherlands national team. Malen has also featured at youth level for Ajax and Arsenal.


title: Donyell Malen

text: Born in Wieringen, Hollands Kroon, Malen began his career with Ajax in 2007. Despite a great deal of resistance coming from Ajax, in 2015 he left Ajax to join English club Arsenal. Malen joined up due to Arsenal being the side of his heroes Thierry Henry and Dennis Bergkamp.


title: Donyell Malen

text: Malen began playing for the youth teams of Arsenal in the Youth Premier League together with the FA Youth Cup, and the UEFA Youth League in the 2015–16 season. He began to display his impressive talent during his debut season for the Gunners. He scored in the FA Youth Cup quarter-final away to Coventry City which Arsenal won on penalties. Coming off the bench, he scored against Manchester City in the semi-final of the 2016 FA Youth Cup at the Emirates Stadium. and played 30 times during the season, scoring 14 goals. During the 2016–17 season, Malen was used a great deal on the wing, and was included in the club's 2017–18 pre-season tour of Australia and China. He made his senior debut for Arsenal in a 2–0 win over Sydney on 13 July.


title: Donyell Malen

text: Malen went on to play as a winger for Jong PSV. On 24 November Malen scored a brace in Jong PSV's 6–0 thumping of Telstar. He again netted in PSV II's 3–0 win over FC Oss on 27 November. Malen scored and picked up an assist in PSV II's 2–3 loss to Fortuna upon 4 December.


title: Donyell Malen

text: He again scored in a 1–1 draw away to Go Ahead Eagles on 12 December. Malen went on to be named in Voetbal International's Jupiler League team of the week a day later.


title: Donyell Malen

text: Malen was awarded the Bronze Bull for being the Best Talent for the second period of the 2017–18 Jupiler League on 29 January 2018. He went to make his debut for PSV in a 4–0 Eredivisie win over PEC Zwolle on 3 February.


title: Donyell Malen

text: Malen went on to win the 2018 Eredivisie title with PSV. He also ended the 2017–18 season as Jong PSV's topscorer.


title: Donyell Malen

text: On 14 September 2019, Malen scored all 5 goals for PSV as they thrashed Vitesse. On 29 October 2020, he scored a brace in a 2–1 away win over AC Omonia in the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League. Malen had his most productive campaign for PSV during the 2020–21 season, scoring 19 goals in 32 matches as his club finished second in the Eredivisie. He added a further 8 goals across Europa League and KNVB Cup competition and he also registered 10 assists, displaying his characteristics as a multi-faceted forward.


title: Donyell Malen

text: On 27 July 2021, Malen completed a move to Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund, signing a five-year deal.


title: Donyell Malen

text: Born in the Netherlands, Malen is of Surinamese descent. At the 2016 Under 17 Euros held in Azerbaijan, Malen played throughout the tournament where the Oranje got to the semi finals. He went on to feature for the Netherlands under-18 team. He also was called up, in December 2016, for the Dutch squad for the 2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship In March 2017 Malen scored in the 86th minute of an U18 game against Austria to equalise for the Dutch in an eventual 1–1 draw.


title: Donyell Malen

text: He was part of the Dutch squad which took part in a four-team tournament, scoring a 90th-minute equaliser against Portugal and then scored a brace in a 9–0 rout of Finland.


title: Donyell Malen

text: During an U19 Euro qualifier on 7 October, Malen netted for Netherlands's U19s to cap off a 2–0 victory at home against Hungary. Malen two days later scored in extra time to secure a 2–2 draw with Slovenia, meaning Netherlands finished top of the group and qualified for the 2018 U19 Euros.


title: Donyell Malen

text: With the score locked at 1–1 in a friendly against Italy U19's, Malen hit a free kick to score the winning goal on 9 November. Malen then scored a brace for the Netherlands in a friendly away to Serbia U19's.


title: Donyell Malen

text: Malen made his senior international debut for the Netherlands on 6 September 2019, in a UEFA Euro 2020 qualifier against Germany in Hamburg. He came off the bench in the 58th minute and scored his team's third goal in a 4–2 victory.


title: Donyell Malen

text: Malen is a tremendously quick player who possesses great dribbling skills and an aptitude for prolific goal scoring. Malen has been likened by ex-Ajax youth coach Brian Tevreden to Chilean forward Alexis Sánchez.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Detective Chief Inspector Endeavour Morse, GM, is the eponymous fictional character in the series of detective novels by British author Colin Dexter. On television, he appears in the 33-episode drama series "Inspector Morse" (1987–2000), in which John Thaw played the character, as well as the (2012–2022) prequel series "Endeavour", portrayed by Shaun Evans. The older Morse is a senior CID (Criminal Investigation Department) officer with the Thames Valley Police in Oxford in England and, in the prequel, Morse is a young detective constable rising through the ranks with the Oxford City Police and in later series the Thames Valley Police.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Morse presents, to some, a reasonably sympathetic personality, despite his sullen and snobbish temperament, with a classic Jaguar Mark 2 (a Lancia in the early novels), a thirst for English real ale, and a love of classical music (especially opera and Wagner), poetry, art and cryptic crossword puzzles. In his later career he is usually assisted by Sergeant Robbie Lewis. Morse's partnership and formal friendship with Lewis is fundamental to the series.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Morse's father was a taxi driver, and Morse likes to explain the origin of his additional private income by saying that he "used to drive the Aga Khan". In the episode of the television adaptation "Cherubim and Seraphim", it is revealed that Morse's parents divorced when he was 12. He remained with his mother until her death three years later, upon which he had to return to his father. Morse had a dreadful relationship with his stepmother Gwen. He claims that he only read poetry to annoy her, and that her petty bullying almost drove him to suicide. He has a half-sister named Joyce with whom he is on better terms. Morse was devastated when Joyce's daughter Marilyn took her own life.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Morse prefers to use only his surname, and is generally evasive when asked about his first name, sometimes joking that it is "Inspector". In "The Dead of Jericho" and "The Wench Is Dead" it is noted that his initial is E. At the end of "Death Is Now My Neighbour", his name is revealed to be Endeavour. Two-thirds of the way through the television episode based on the book, he gives the cryptic clue "My whole life's effort has revolved around Eve". In the series, it is noted that Morse's reluctance to use his given name led to his receiving the nickname "Pagan" while at Stamford School (which Colin Dexter, the author of the Morse novels, attended). In the novels, Morse's first name came from the vessel HMS "Endeavour"; his mother was a member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) who have a tradition of "virtue names", and his father admired Captain James Cook.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Dexter was a fan of cryptic crosswords and named Morse after champion setter Jeremy Morse, one of Dexter's arch-rivals in writing crossword clues. Dexter used to walk along the bank of the River Thames at Oxford, opposite the boathouse belonging to 22nd Oxford Sea Scout Group; the building is named "T.S. Endeavour".


title: Inspector Morse

text: Although details of Morse's education are deliberately kept vague, it is hinted that he won a scholarship to study at St John's College, Oxford. He lost the scholarship as the result of poor academic performance stemming from a failed love affair, which is mentioned in the second episode of the third series, "The Last Enemy", and recounted in detail in the novel "The Riddle of the Third Mile", Chapter 7. Further details are revealed piece-by-piece in the prequel series. He often reflects on such renowned scholars as A. E. Housman who, like himself, failed to get an academic degree from Oxford.


title: Inspector Morse

text: After university, he entered the army on National Service. This included serving in West Germany with the Royal Corps of Signals as a cipher clerk. Upon leaving, he joined the police at Carshall-Newtown, before being posted to Oxford with the Oxford City Police. He was awarded the George Medal in the last episode of "Endeavour" Series 4.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Morse is ostensibly the embodiment of middle-class Englishness, with a set of prejudices and assumptions to match (even though as the son of a taxi driver his background might be considered working class). As a result, he may be considered a late example of the gentleman detective, a staple of British detective fiction. This is in sharp contrast to the working-class lifestyle of his assistant Lewis (named after another rival clue-writer, Mrs. B. Lewis); in the novels, Lewis is Welsh, but in the TV series this is altered to a Tyneside (Geordie) background, appropriately for the actor Kevin Whately. Morse is in his forties at the start of the books ("Service of all the Dead", Chapter Six: "… a bachelor still, forty-seven years old …"), and Lewis slightly younger (e.g. "The Secret of Annexe 3", Chapter Twenty-Six: "a slightly younger man – another policeman, and one also in plain clothes"). John Thaw was 45 at the beginning of shooting the TV series and Kevin Whately was 36.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Morse's relationships with authority, the establishment, bastions of power and the status quo, are markedly ambiguous, as are some of his relations with women. He is frequently portrayed as patronising female characters, and once stereotyped the female sex as not naturally prone to crime, being caring and non-violent, but also often empathises with women. He is not shy to show his liking for attractive women and often dates those involved in cases. Indeed, a woman he falls in love with sometimes turns out to be the culprit.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Morse is highly intelligent. He is a crossword addict and dislikes grammatical and spelling errors; in every personal or private document that he receives, he manages to point out at least one mistake. He claims that his approach to crime-solving is deductive, and one of his key tenets is that "there is a 50 per cent chance that the person who finds the body is the murderer". Morse uses immense intuition and his fantastic memory to apprehend the perpetrator.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Among Morse's conservative tastes are that he likes to drink real ale and whisky, and in the early novels, drives a Lancia. In the television and radio productions, this is altered to a suitably British classic Jaguar Mark 2. His favourite music is opera, which is echoed in the soundtracks to the television series, along with original music by Barrington Pheloung.


title: Inspector Morse

text: Inspector Morse also appears in several stories in Dexter's short story collection, "Morse's Greatest Mystery and Other Stories" (1993, expanded edition 1994).


title: Inspector Morse

text: The Inspector Morse novels were made into a TV series (also called "Inspector Morse") for the British commercial TV network ITV. The series was made by Zenith Productions for Central (a company later acquired by Carlton) and comprises 33 two-hour episodes (100 minutes excluding commercials)—20 more episodes than there are novels—produced between 1987 and 2000. The last episode was adapted from the final novel "The Remorseful Day", in which Morse dies from a heart attack in the end.


title: Inspector Morse

text: A spin-off series, similarly comprising 33 two-hour episodes and based on the television incarnation of Lewis, was titled "Lewis"; it first aired in 2006 and last showed in 2015. The spin-off consisted the following cast members: Kevin Whately as DI Robbie Lewis, Laurence Fox as DS James Hathaway, Clare Holman as Dr Laura Hobson and Rebecca Front as CS Jean Innocent.


title: Inspector Morse

text: In August 2011, ITV announced plans to film a prequel drama called "Endeavour", with author Colin Dexter's participation. English actor Shaun Evans was cast as a young Morse in his early career. The pilot episode was broadcast on 2 January 2012 on ITV. The prequel was made by Mammoth Screen. Four new episodes were televised from 14 April 2013, showing Morse's early cases working for DI Fred Thursday (Roger Allam) and with Jim Strange (Sean Rigby), initially as PC Jim Strange, later DS Jim Strange, and pathologist Max De Bryn (James Bradshaw), plus Chief Superintendent Reginald Bright (Anton Lesser), DS Peter Jakes (Jack Laskey), WPC Shirley Trewlove (Dakota Blue Richards), DC George Fancy (Lewis Peek), DI Ronnie Box (Simon Harrison) and DS Alan Jago (Richard Riddell). Alongside the police department, the prequel also consisted of Fred Thursday’s family members: Win Thursday, (Caroline O’Neill), Sam Thursday (Jack Bannon), Joan Thursday (Sara Vickers) and the newspaper editor Dorothea Frazil (Abigail Thaw). A second series of four episodes followed, screening between 30 March 2014 and 20 April 2014. On 3 January 2016, the third series aired, also containing four episodes. A fourth series was aired, once again with four episodes, on 8 January 2017. Filming of a fifth series of six episodes began in early 2017 with the first episode of the fifth series aired on 4 February 2018. On 10 February 2019 the sixth series aired, which comprises four 1-hour-30-minute episodes. A seventh series of three episodes was filmed in late 2019, aired on 9 February 2020 and in August 2019 ITV announced that the series has been recommissioned for an eighth series, screened on 12 September 2021, also containing three episodes. Morse was voted number two on the top 25 list in ITV's Britain's Favourite Detective first broadcast on 30 August 2020.


title: Inspector Morse

text: On 23 May 2022, a day after filming began for the ninth series, ITV had announced that "Endeavour" would end production after a decade on air at the conclusion of the ninth series, bringing the total number of "Endeavour" episodes to 36. The ninth and final series will once again comprise the final three episodes, which will air later in 2022.


title: Inspector Morse

text: An adaptation by Melville Jones of "Last Bus to Woodstock" featured in BBC Radio 4's "Saturday Night Theatre" series in June 1985, with Andrew Burt as Morse and Christopher Douglas as Lewis.


title: Inspector Morse

text: In the 1990s, an occasional BBC Radio 4 series (for "The Saturday Play") was made starring the voices of John Shrapnel as Morse and Robert Glenister as Lewis. The series was written by Guy Meredith and directed by Ned Chaillet. Episodes included: "The Wench is Dead" (23 March 1992); "Last Seen Wearing" (28 May 1994); and "The Silent World of Nicholas Quinn" (10 February 1996).


title: Inspector Morse

text: An Inspector Morse stage play appeared in 2010, written by Alma Cullen (writer of four Morse screenplays for ITV). The part of Morse was played by Colin Baker. The play, entitled "Morse—House of Ghosts", saw DCI Morse looking to his past, when an old acquaintance becomes the lead suspect in a murder case that involves the on-stage death of a young actress. The play toured the UK from August to December 2010. It was broadcast by BBC Radio 4 on 25 March 2017 with Neil Pearson playing Morse and Lee Ingleby playing Lewis.


title: Jane McDonald

text: Jane Anne McDonald (born 4 April 1963) is an English singer, songwriter and television presenter. Born and raised in Wakefield, McDonald spent much of her early career performing in local clubs and pubs before landing work as a singer on cruise ships. McDonald became known to the public in 1998 following her appearance on the BBC show "The Cruise".


title: Jane McDonald

text: The same year, McDonald released her self-titled debut album "Jane McDonald" (1998), which topped the UK Albums Chart and remained there for 3 weeks. McDonald has had a total of four top 10 albums in the UK in addition to performing in live concerts and her own tours at venues across the UK, including the Royal Albert Hall and the London Palladium, as well as at the MGM Grand Las Vegas. In 2015, McDonald performed the role of Grizabella in the musical "Cats".


title: Jane McDonald

text: McDonald has also co-presented a number of daytime television shows, including "Loose Women" between 2004 and 2014, and the ITV programme "Star Treatment" (2013). Her TV travel show "Cruising with Jane McDonald", which debuted in 2017 on Channel 5, has spawned eight series and earned her a British Academy Television Award. She has also presented her own shows "Jane & Friends", "Holidaying with Jane McDonald" and "Jane McDonald: My Yorkshire" on Channel 5.


title: Jane McDonald

text: After appearing on Chris Terrill's docusoap "The Cruise", she was taken on by independent record label Focus Music International to make a covers album and a Christmas single. The self-titled album "Jane McDonald" spent three weeks at number one on the UK Albums Chart, while the single "Cruise into Christmas" (a medley of Christmas classics) reached the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart.


title: Jane McDonald

text: After her number one success on an independent label, McDonald signed a recording contract with UMTV (Universal's catalogue and compilations division), and appeared as a guest presenter on BBC's National Lottery.


title: Jane McDonald

text: Beginning in 2004, McDonald was a regular presenter on the ITV daytime television programme "Loose Women", appearing on the show three times a week. It was confirmed on 16 July 2010 that McDonald would depart "Loose Women" in the summer, for at least a year to concentrate on her music career and to tour Australia and New Zealand. Although an Australian tour never developed into anything official, she proceeded to tour the United Kingdom in 2011. She returned in 2012 before leaving the series permanently in January 2014 to focus on her music career. She has since made many guest appearances. She continues to tour the UK with her solo shows & has introduced Christmas themed arena shows into her work schedule.


title: Jane McDonald

text: "Cruising with Jane McDonald" won the 2018 BAFTA Award for Best Feature, making it the first win for a Channel 5 show.


title: Jane McDonald

text: In 1998, McDonald married Henrik, a ship's plumbing engineer, who later became her manager. Their relationship was detailed in a special edition of Terrill's docusoap, called "The Cruise Special: Jane Ties the Knot", which was broadcast on BBC One on 10 July 1998. Brixen later admitted that he did not understand the music industry, and the couple split in 2003, largely for the sake of her career.


title: Jane McDonald

text: In 2008, McDonald was reunited with musician Eddie Rothe, an old acquaintance from her teenage years and a member of The Searchers. They became engaged on 24 December 2008 after Rothe proposed. Rothe died of lung cancer on 26 March 2021.


title: Jane McDonald

text: In 2011, Wakefield Council awarded her a star in the form of a pavement plaque for outstanding achievement from an entertainer.


title: Jane McDonald

text: In 2018, McDonald was awarded a British Academy Television Award for her television series "Cruising with Jane McDonald".


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: The 2021 NXT WarGames was the fifth annual and final NXT WarGames professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT brand division, which reverted to being WWE's developmental territory in September. The event took place on December 5, 2021, at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida, and was the first WarGames to air on the livestreaming service Peacock. It was also the last WWE PPV and livestreaming event to carry the term "pay-per-view" as WWE began to use the term "premium live event" for these major events beginning with Day 1 the following month.


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: This was NXT's first WarGames event to not carry the NXT TakeOver name, as the events from 2017 to 2020 were held as a subseries of TakeOvers titled "TakeOver: WarGames". It was subsequently NXT's first PPV and livestreaming event following the discontinuation of the TakeOver series, and subsequently NXT's first event to not be promoted under the TakeOver name since Halftime Heat in February 2019. It was also the brand's first PPV and livestreaming event held following its restructuring as NXT 2.0, which reverted the brand to its original function as WWE's developmental territory. This was also NXT's last major event to air on traditional PPV, as in 2022, WWE shifted to only broadcasting NXT's major events on the livestreaming platforms. In 2022, the WarGames concept was moved to the main roster as part of Survivor Series with the NXT WarGames event being replaced by NXT Deadline.


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: Five matches were contested at the event, including two WarGames matches. In the main event, Team 2.0 (Bron Breakker, NXT North American Champion Carmelo Hayes, Grayson Waller, and Tony D'Angelo) defeated Team Black & Gold (Johnny Gargano, LA Knight, Pete Dunne, and NXT Champion Tommaso Ciampa) in the men's WarGames match, while in the opening bout, Cora Jade, Io Shirai, Kay Lee Ray, and Raquel Gonzalez defeated Dakota Kai and Toxic Attraction (NXT Women's Champion Mandy Rose and NXT Women's Tag Team Champions Gigi Dolin and Jacy Jayne) in the women's WarGames match.


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: From 2017 to 2020, WWE's NXT brand held an annual subseries of events under the TakeOver series titled WarGames, based around the WarGames match. Starting with the September 14, 2021 edition of "NXT", the NXT brand went through a restructuring, being rebranded as "NXT 2.0", reverting to, in part, a developmental territory for WWE. In October, it was speculated that the company may end the TakeOver series as another TakeOver event was not scheduled for 2021 after TakeOver 36 in August.


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: On November 9, 2021, NXT's fifth WarGames event was announced to be held on December 5, 2021, at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida. The announcement confirmed that the event would not be a TakeOver event, thus marking NXT's first event to air on pay-per-view (PPV) and via livestreaming following TakeOver's discontinuation, as well as the first non-TakeOver to air on any of these broadcast outlets since Halftime Heat in February 2019, as well as the brand's first PPV event held following its rebranding as "NXT 2.0". It was also the first WarGames to livestream on Peacock after the American version of the WWE Network merged under Peacock in March; other countries maintained the WWE Network service. On the day of the event's announcement, WWE had originally made a post on Twitter that had the event titled as "TakeOver: WarGames"; however, the tweet was quickly deleted and WWE reposted the announcement with the "TakeOver" title removed.


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: The card included five matches. The matches resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Results were predetermined by WWE's writers on the NXT brand, while storylines were produced on the weekly television program, "NXT 2.0".


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: At on October 26, Cameron Grimes was invited to Duke Hudson's Poker Room on the following week's episode, where he beat him with a full house of 2's against his Aces. On the November 16 episode of "NXT", Hudson challenged Grimes to a poker showdown where he lost again due to his bluff, and power bombed him through the poker table before trimming his beard and ponytail. The following week, a short-haired Grimes challenged Hudson to a hair vs. hair match at NXT WarGames, which he accepted.


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: On the November 23 episode of "NXT", Malcolm Bivens and the Diamond Mine confronted Joe Gacy in the ring for stealing the spotlight away from them last week, and want to take it back by asking him to leave the ring so that Ivy Nile can have her match. Gacy respected Nile's right to have a match but had no respect for NXT Cruiserweight Champion Roderick Strong, saying his name invokes "toxic masculinity" and that the Cruiserweight division divides people by promoting exclusivity and "weight shaming". Strong said he wants to embarrass Gacy, leading Bivens to setup a match between the two at NXT WarGames. The following week, Gacy (accompanied by Harland), hosted an all-inclusive invitational in response to the Cruiserweight division being a "toxic environment" that leaves out "height, weight, and gender bias." Bivens arrive to taunt Gacy and have him fight Strong, which he responded by wanting a "person to person" conversation with him. Strong attacks Gacy and forces him to retreat alongside Harland.


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: At NXT: Halloween Havoc, Imperium (Fabian Aichner and Marcel Barthel) defeated MSK (Nash Carter and Wes Lee) in a Lumber Jack-o'-Lantern Tag Team match to win the NXT Tag Team Championship for a second time. On the November 30 episode of "NXT", Kyle O'Reilly and Von Wagner defeated Legado Del Fantasma (Joaquin Wilde and Raul Mendoza) to become number one contenders to the tag titles, setting up a match between the two teams at NXT WarGames.


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: Due to pinning NXT Champion Tommaso Ciampa in the men's WarGames match to win the match for his team, Bron Breakker got his title match against Ciampa at the NXT special . At the event, Breakker would win after forcing Ciampa to tap out to the "Steiner Recliner" to win the NXT Championship for the first time in his career.


title: NXT WarGames (2021)

text: In 2022, the WarGames concept was moved to the main roster as part of Survivor Series, with that year's event rebranded as Survivor Series WarGames. This subsequently ended the NXT WarGames event, which was replaced by NXT Deadline.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: Black Christmas is a 2019 American slasher film directed by Sophia Takal, and written by Takal and April Wolfe. Part of the "Black Christmas" series, it is the loose second remake of the 1974 Canadian film "Black Christmas", after the 2006 film, and follows a group of sorority sisters at Hawthorne College as they are preyed upon by an unknown stalker. The film stars Imogen Poots, Aleyse Shannon, Lily Donoghue, Brittany O'Grady, Caleb Eberhardt, and Cary Elwes.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: Development of the project began in June 2019, when Jason Blum announced that he would produce the film through his studio Blumhouse Productions. Sophia Takal signed as director and co-writer, and principal photography began soon after, lasting for 27 days in Otago.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: "Black Christmas" was theatrically released in the United States on December 13, 2019, by Universal Pictures, coinciding with Friday the 13th. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was considered a box office disappointment having grossed $18 million worldwide on a $5 million budget.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: While walking home, Hawthorne College student Lindsay is killed by a masked individual. Riley Stone, a member of the Mu Kappa Epsilon sorority, struggles with PTSD after being raped by Delta Kappa Omicron fraternity president Brian Huntley. Meanwhile, her sorority sister Kris has angered the DKO fraternity and Professor Gelson following a petition from her requesting that university founder Calvin Hawthorne's bust be moved from the main building and another requesting Gelson be fired due to his refusal to teach books written by women.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: Riley and Kris, along with their friends Marty, Jesse, and Helena, arrive at the DKO fraternity for the talent show where Riley discovers new pledges for DKO engaging in a ritual around Hawthorne's bust. She saves a drunken Helena from being sexually assaulted by a DKO member and takes Helena's place in the talent show. Upon seeing Brian in the crowd, she performs a song with her sorority sisters condemning the rape culture at the fraternity. Later, Helena is abducted by Lindsay's attacker while Riley begins to bond with Landon, a kind-hearted frat boy. The girls start to receive threatening text messages from an account posing as Calvin Hawthorne, similar to what Lindsey had received before she was murdered. The next day, sorority sister Fran is attacked and killed by the masked assailant. While searching for Helena, Riley encounters Gelson and finds his list of the MKE girls. She reports the disappearances to campus police, but they refuse to help.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: That night, Riley and Kris argue over Kris' posting of the performance in which Riley reveals at the end that Brian raped her. As Riley blames Kris for the threatening messages from DKO, Marty argues with her boyfriend Nate and demands that he leaves. After Jesse is killed by the assailant, the girls are also attacked, leaving Marty injured. Kris discovers Jesse's body while Nate arrives to apologise and is also murdered. Riley kills the assailant, but the girls are attacked by two other individuals. Marty dies while Riley and Kris kill the attacker and identify him as a DKO pledge she saw at the ritual earlier.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: The two escape in Nate's car and Riley theorizes that Hawthorne, who was known for practicing black magic, is responsible for the murders via his bust which emits black liquid. Kris suggests they go to the police, but Riley demands they go to the fraternity and the two separate. Riley enlists Landon to help her enter the fraternity. Kris discovers Lindsey's sorority sisters also being attacked by DKO and rescues them. At the DKO house, the frat brothers convince Landon to be a pledge. Riley discovers Helena, who is tied up, but is knocked unconscious by a DKO member.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: She wakes up tied up while confronted by Gelson, Brian, and other DKO members. Gelson reveals that after Kris forced the bust's relocation, they discovered Hawthorne's plan, involving a spell and the black liquid, to control women. The liquid allows the spirit of Hawthorne to possess the fraternity's pledges and send them out to murder women they deem unruly. Helena has been secretly working with the fraternity and stole items from her sisters that allowed the possessed pledges to locate their targets. Helena is murdered before Kris and other sorority sisters attack the fraternity. Riley overpowers Brian and smashes the Hawthorne bust. Kris sets Gelson on fire and the women and Landon escape, locking the frat brothers inside and leaving them to burn to death.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: In June 2019, Jason Blum was revealed to produce a remake of the 1974 film "Black Christmas" through his studio Blumhouse Productions, alongside Adam Hendricks from the studio Divide/Conquer, and Ben Cosgrove. In addition, Greg Gilreath and Zac Locke, also from Divide/Conquer, served as executive producers for the project.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: Also, in June, Sophia Takal was announced as the film's director, having previously worked with Blum on his "Into the Dark" series for Hulu, while Imogen Poots, Aleyse Shannon, Brittany O'Grady, Lily Donoghue, and Caleb Eberhardt were cast in the starring roles. Also that month, Cary Elwes was added to the cast.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: Director Takal worked extensively to make this vision of "Black Christmas" as feminist as she could, stating in an interview: "I wanted to make a movie where instead of feeling objectified or watched from a distance, the audience felt seen". It is the first "Black Christmas" film in which Bob Clark was not involved in the production process, as Clark had died in 2007. Bob Clark had produced and directed the original "Black Christmas" (1974), and had been an executive producer on the 2006 remake of the same name.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: Unlike the previous two versions of "Black Christmas", the remake was rated PG-13 by the MPAA, a rating Takal sought in hopes of making it accessible to new audiences, especially young women who were interested in horror, and opening up discussions on major issues like sexual assault, although she was ready to fully commit to utilizing the higher R rating if the ratings board would not grant it. However, she would not use the PG-13 rating to water down the film's violence to a large degree, making it only slightly less violent than the original film.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: Production began in New Zealand on June 23, 2019. Principal photography occurred for 27 days around Dunedin and Oamaru, with the University of Otago providing the setting. Filming concluded on July 31.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: In the United States and Canada, "Black Christmas" was theatrically released by Universal Pictures on December 13, 2019, coinciding with Friday the 13th. The film was also released on digital on March 3, 2020 and on DVD and Blu-ray on March 17.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: "Black Christmas" grossed $10.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $8.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $18.5 million.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: In the United States, the film was released alongside "", and "Richard Jewell", and was initially projected to gross $10–12 million from 2,100 theaters in its opening weekend. However, after making $1.4 million on its first day (including $230,000 from Thursday night previews), estimates for the film were lowered to $4.5 million. It ended up debuting to just $4.2 million, finishing fifth at the box office. The film fell 57% to $1.8 million in its second weekend, finishing in tenth.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 40% of 113 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of . The website's consensus reads: "Better than the 2006 remake yet not as sharp as the original, this "Black Christmas" stabs at timely feminist themes but mostly hits on familiar pulp". On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 49 out of 100 based on reviews from 25 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "D+" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave it an "awful" average of 1.5 out of 5 stars, with 38% saying they would definitely recommend it.


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: Simon Abrams of "RogerEbert.com" gave the film 3/4 stars, saying that it "mostly feels personal and urgent thanks to some atmospheric scare scenes and some sharp dialogue that reflect the world outside the movie theater in ways that most other studio-distributed horror films don't". David Fear of "Rolling Stone" gave the film 3/5 stars, writing: "The best part about Takal and Wolfe's take on the material is that it's angry — righteously, deservedly, properly enraged about the crap that many people, but one gender in particular, have had to put up with for way, way too long". Kimber Myers of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote: "Fans of the original ... might not love writer-director Sophia Takal's take, but "Black Christmas" is a fun film that gets its kicks out of literally smashing the patriarchy".


title: Black Christmas (2019 film)

text: Benjamin Lee of "The Guardian" gave it 1/5 stars: "It's quick, cheap-looking and entirely devoid of suspense, atmosphere and dramatic tension, so inept at times that it makes 2006's questionable remake suddenly seem like a misremembered masterwork". Ed Potton of "The Times" also gave it 1/5 stars and wrote: "The final half-hour brings ludicrous supernatural developments, some astonishing leaps in deduction from Riley and the least dramatic unmasking in screen history". John DeFore of "The Hollywood Reporter" wrote: "Unfortunately, Takal's "Black Christmas" is far more ordinary, a blunt object in a fight demanding either sharp knives or explosives". Rex Reed of "The New York Observer" gave it 0/4 stars: "Despite its desperate efforts to justify the homicides, there's nothing remotely innovative or even goofily satirical about it".


title: Javier Pastore

text: Javier Matías Pastore (; born 20 June 1989) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for La Liga club Elche.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Pastore began his club career with Talleres and then Huracán in his native Argentina before moving to Serie A team Palermo in 2009 for a reported transfer fee of €4.7 million. In 2011, French side Paris Saint-Germain bought him for a reported €39.8 million. He won numerous domestic honours with the club, including five Ligue 1 titles, before joining Roma in 2018, for a fee of €24.7 million.


title: Javier Pastore

text: At international level, Pastore made his senior debut in 2010, and has since gone on to make over 20 appearances for his country. He represented Argentina at the 2010 FIFA World Cup, and at three editions of the Copa América, reaching consecutive finals of the latter competition in 2015 and 2016.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Pastore was born in Córdoba in an Italian-Argentine family originally from Volvera, Turin. He started his career in the youth system of the Argentine club Talleres, and slowly worked his way up to the first team. In 2007, he made his debut in the Argentine second division under the wing of manager Ricardo Gareca. In 2007, he only managed to play five games.


title: Javier Pastore

text: During the 2008 season, Pastore was loaned to Huracán of the Argentine Primera. He made his professional debut for Huracán on 24 May 2008 in a 1–0 loss with River Plate. In the 2009 Clausura championship, he established himself as a regular first-team player for the club under the management of Ángel Cappa. This was his breakthrough tournament, where his side narrowly missed out on the championship title. His performance against River Plate was particularly lauded where he opened the scoring with a 25-yard shot and then scored again with a piece of individual brilliance helping Huracán win 4–0 in the club's biggest win against River Plate in over 60 years. He ended up as the team's top scorer with seven goals and three assists. Pastore and teammate Matías De Federico was integral to Huracán's title challenge that season.


title: Javier Pastore

text: On 11 July 2009 Palermo formally announced the signing of Pastore for five years until 30 June 2014, with the transfer fee listed at approximately €4.7 million. Before his move to Palermo, the player was also linked to number of other top European clubs, including Manchester United, Porto, Milan and Chelsea.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Pastore's debut was on 15 August in the Coppa Italia, while his debut in Serie A came eight days later. His breakthrough game was on 4 October against Juventus, when he assisted Edinson Cavani's goal in a 2–0 win, appearing in all the websites and national newspapers. He scored his first Serie A goal on 30 January 2010 in a 2–4 away defeat to Bari. In his first season at Palermo, Pastore proved himself as being a promising but inexperienced youngster, playing mostly as a second-half substitute under head coaches Walter Zenga and, later, Delio Rossi.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Pastore then established himself as a regular under the tutelage of Rossi, playing usually in a role behind the regular striking duo of Fabrizio Miccoli and Edinson Cavani. Thanks to his performances, all praised by fans and pundits, Palermo finished off the season in fifth place, thus qualifying for the UEFA Europa League. In the 2010–11 season, on 14 November, Pastore scored his first career hat-trick in a derby match against Catania. On 30 July 2011, Palermo club president Maurizio Zamparini revealed that a fee had been agreed over Javier Pastore's transfer to Paris Saint-Germain.


title: Javier Pastore

text: On 6 August 2011, Paris Saint-Germain formally announced the signing of Pastore, issuing him the number 27 shirt. The transfer fee throughout was €39.8 million. However, due to third-party ownership by his agent Marcelo Simonian, who would receive €12.5 million (not known if it included agent fee or not) Palermo announced through its website that the club received only €22.8 million of the total fee.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Palermo club president Maurizio Zamparini had started a legal action over the matter, despite the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) prohibiting any Italian club from forming any ownership agreement with third parties, which Zamparini acknowledged risked a punishment for himself.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Pastore scored his first goal in a Ligue 1 match against Stade Brestois in a 1–0 win on 11 September 2011.


title: Javier Pastore

text: During his first season at the Parc des Princes, Pastore scored 13 goals in 33 league matches. The following year, Pastore appeared in 34 league matches as PSG won the first of four consecutive Ligue 1 titles. He also scored his first UEFA Champions League goal in a 4–1 win over FC Dynamo Kyiv on 18 September 2012.


title: Javier Pastore

text: In 2014–15, Pastore made over 50 appearances and was named in the UNFP team of the season as PSG won an unprecedented domestic quadruple of Ligue 1, the Coupe de France, Coupe de la Ligue and the Trophée des Champions.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Ahead of the 2016–17 season, Pastore inherited the number 10 shirt from the departing Zlatan Ibrahimović, switching from the number 27 shirt. As with 2015–16, he missed a large portion of the season through injuries, but returned to the PSG starting line-up for "Le Classique" against rivals Olympique de Marseille, where he assisted Edinson Cavani in a 5–1 Ligue 1 away win on 26 February 2017. Three days later, he came on as a substitute and scored the opening goal, before assisting Cavani again as PSG defeated Ligue 2 club Chamois Niortias 2–0 to reach the quarter-final stage of the 2016–17 Coupe de France. On 19 March 2017, Pastore assisted both of PSG's goals by crossing the ball to the scorers Adrien Rabiot and Julian Draxler in their 2-1 Ligue 1 home win over Olympique Lyonnais.


title: Javier Pastore

text: On 17 May 2017, Pastore appeared as a 72nd-minute substitute for Julian Draxler as PSG defeated Angers 1–0 in the 2017 Coupe de France Final.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Before the start of the next season, he vacated his number 10 jersey to new signing Neymar as a welcome gift and reclaimed his previous number 27 jersey.


title: Javier Pastore

text: On 8 May 2018, he came off the bench as PSG won 2–0 against Les Herbiers VF to clinch the 2017–18 Coupe de France.


title: Javier Pastore

text: On 26 June 2018, Pastore signed a five-year contract with Italian side Roma from Paris Saint-Germain for a reported fee of €24.7m. He was handed the number 27 shirt. He made his club debut in a 1–0 away win over Torino in Serie A on 19 August. He scored his first goal for the club on 27 August, opening the scoring with a back-heeled goal in the second minute of play in an eventual 3–3 home draw against Atalanta in the league.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Following a string of good performances in his first season in Serie A, Argentina head coach Diego Maradona called up Pastore for an unofficial friendly match against the Catalonia "national" team on 22 December 2009. Pastore made his debut as a second-half substitute, scoring a goal in the process. Since the match was not a FIFA-recognized representative game, however, Pastore did not receive a cap.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Pastore was subsequently called up by Maradona again for a friendly game against Germany, but did not make an appearance. His official debut was against Canada on 25 May 2010, and he was subsequently included by Maradona in Argentina's 23-man squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. On 22 June, he made his FIFA World Cup debut when he came on the pitch in the 77th minute against Greece, replacing Sergio Agüero. Argentina won the match 2–0. On 27 June, he was again substituted on against Mexico in the 87th minute, this time replacing Maxi Rodríguez. Argentina won the match 3–1.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Pastore was included by manager Sergio Batista in Argentina's 23-man squad for the 2011 Copa América on home soil. Argentina were eliminated by eventual champions Uruguay on penalties in the quarter-finals.


title: Javier Pastore

text: Pastore scored his first senior international goal on 31 March 2015, in a 2–1 friendly win over Ecuador, at the MetLife Stadium, in New Jersey. Later that year, Pastore was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América, and started in the team's opening fixture against Paraguay in La Serena. At the semi-final stage, Pastore scored the team's second goal and assisted Ángel Di María for the third as Argentina defeated Paraguay 6–1 to reach the tournament final. In the final against hosts Chile on 4 July, Pastore came off for Éver Banega in the 81st minute; following a 0–0 draw after extra-time, Chile claimed the title with a 4–1 penalty shoot-out victory.


title: Javier Pastore

text: In 2016, Pastore was included in Argentina's 23-man squad for the Copa América Centenario. Argentina went on to reach the final, only to lose out on penalties to Chile once again.


title: Javier Pastore

text: An elegant, creative and technically gifted advanced playmaker, with excellent dribbling skills and close control, Pastore is capable of playing in several offensive roles, due to his ability to both score and create goals. Although he is usually deployed as an attacking midfielder due to his vision, passing and striking ability from distance, he is also capable of functioning as a winger, as a supporting striker or even as a forward, and has also been deployed in more withdrawn midfield roles on occasion, operating as a central midfielder, as a deep-lying playmaker, or even as a mezzala, due to his work-rate, creativity, skill, and physical attributes, despite his lack of notable pace. A talented, strong, quick and hard-working right-footed player, his playing style has drawn comparisons to Kaká, Zinedine Zidane, Zlatan Ibrahimović and one of his childhood idols, Enzo Francescoli, although Pastore has stated that his main influence is compatriot Juan Román Riquelme. Nicknamed ""El Flaco"" (like Francescoli before him) due to his tall, slender build, he was regarded as a highly promising player as a youngster, and in 2010, "Don Balón" named him as one of the 100 best young players in the world born after 1988. Despite his talent, however, he is known to be injury prone, and has also drawn criticism in the media for being inconsistent.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: Hidalgo is a 2004 epic biographical western film based on the legend of the American distance rider Frank Hopkins and his mustang Hidalgo. It recounts Hopkins' racing his horse in Arabia in 1891 against Bedouins riding pure-blooded Arabian horses. The movie was written by John Fusco and directed by Joe Johnston. It stars Viggo Mortensen, Zuleikha Robinson, and Omar Sharif.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: "Hidalgo" was released by Buena Vista Pictures on March 5, 2004. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews and it underperformed at the box office, grossing $108 million against a budget of $100 million.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: In 1890, Frank T. Hopkins and his mustang, Hidalgo, are part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, advertised as "the world's greatest endurance horse and rider." A famous long-distance racer, cowboy, and dispatch rider for the United States government, Hopkins is plagued by guilt for having carried a message to the 7th Cavalry Regiment authorizing the Wounded Knee Massacre of Lakota Sioux. He translates a futile request from another performer, Chief Eagle Horn, for Bill to help his nation’s mustangs that have been rounded up by the government to be eradicated.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: Wealthy Sheikh Riyadh sends his attaché Aziz, accompanied by Rau Rasmussen, to challenge Hopkins and Hidalgo to enter the "Ocean of Fire": an annual 3,000-mile race across the Najd desert region for a $100,000 prize. The Sheikh is custodian of the "al-Khamsa" line, considered the greatest distance horses in the world, and traditionally the race has been restricted to pure-bred Arabian horses and Bedouin or Arab riders. Hopkins’ fellow performers raise his entrance fee, and he encounters unscrupulous English horse breeder Lady Anne Davenport. He meets Sheikh Riyadh, an admirer of the Wild West, who has promised his daughter Jazira as the fifth wife to the prince riding the Sheikh's horse Al-Hattal, should he win.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: The race begins, and Hopkins and Hidalgo face grueling conditions and contempt for an "infidel" riding an "impure" horse, and survive sabotage and a sandstorm. Determined to live her own life, Jazira advises Hopkins on surviving in the desert, but they are discovered together in his tent. The Sheikh prepares to have Hopkins gelded as punishment, but his outcast nephew Katib raids the camp, seeking control of the al-Khamsa line. The prince flees on Al-Hattal, but Aziz steals the Sheikh’s family journal of horse breeding for Katib, who kidnaps Jazira and demands Al-Hattal as ransom.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: Hopkins rescues Jazira, who recovers the journal. Journeying back to camp, Hopkins reveals that his mother was Lakota Sioux, deepening his guilt over his role at Wounded Knee. Jazira compares his relationship to his heritage with her desire to avoid wearing the veil, urging him not to "go through life hiding what God made you." Davenport bribes Hopkins to drop out of the race, but he declines her offer and her advances toward him. Unbeknownst to him, Davenport is in league with Katib; they plan to kill Hidalgo and steal Al-Hattal, allowing her mare to win the race and breed with the Sheikh’s horse.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: Enduring a swarm of locusts, Hopkins remembers Jazira’s advice and he and Hidalgo resort to eating them. Although it is forbidden to help other riders, he saves his opponent Sakr from quicksand. Hopkins is ambushed by Katib and falls into a trap, severely injuring Hidalgo, and is rescued by Sakr. They fight off Katib's men, but Sakr is shot, and Hopkins kills Katib in one of his own traps. Hidalgo collapses, and Hopkins considers shooting him in mercy, but a vision of Lakota elders and his mother appears to him as he chants a prayer to "Wakan Tanka."


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: The prince arrives and taunts Hopkins that the end of the race is in sight, and Hidalgo suddenly struggles upright. Riding bareback, Hopkins comes from behind to surpass Davenport's mare and the prince, winning the race. He befriends the Sheikh, giving him his revolver, and bids farewell to an unveiled Jazira, who calls him by his Lakota name, "Blue Child." Returning to the United States, Frank uses his winnings to buy the mustangs from the government, releasing them into the wild and freeing Hidalgo to join them. An epilogue reveals that Hopkins went on to reportedly win 400 long-distance races and was an outspoken supporter for wild mustangs until his death in 1951, while Hidalgo's descendants live free in the wilderness of Oklahoma.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: Actor Viggo Mortensen, who is fluent in Spanish, voiced his own character (Frank Hopkins) in the Spanish dubs of the film.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: The Native American historian Vine Deloria questioned Hopkins' claims of Lakota ancestry, as presented uncritically in the film.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: But, Nakota filmmaker Angelique Midthunder said during the controversy that "the story of the half Indian who took his pinto mustang across the sea to race in the big desert has been told to children of the northern plains tribes for generations." Lakota elder Sonny Richards writes, "Kaiyuzeya Sunkanyanke (Frank Hopkins) was a South Dakota native and Lakota half-breed."


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: Based on Hopkins' account of his mixed-race ancestry, the movie production employed Lakota historians, medicine men, and tribal leaders as consultants to advise during every scene that represented their culture. Many of the Ghost Dancers who reenact the sacred ceremony of 1890 in "Hidalgo" had participated in the film "Thunderheart" (1992) and the mini-series "Dreamkeeper", both written by Fusco. The screenwriter was adopted as an honorary relative of the Oglala Nation in a "Hunkyapi" ceremony (Making of Relatives) on September 3, 1989, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: Because the Disney Corporation marketed the movie as a true story, some historians criticized the film both because of the legendary status of Hopkins' claims and for the film's divergence from his accounts. They contend that many of the events, especially the featured race, never took place. Historians of distance riding said that most of Hopkins' claims as depicted in the film, including the race, have been 'tall tales' or hoaxes.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: The film says that descendants of the horse Hidalgo, for which the movie was named, live among the Gilbert Jones herd of Spanish Mustangs on Blackjack Mountain in Oklahoma. By Hopkins' original account, he decided to leave his horse in Arabia after the race.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: In 2006, John Fusco, the screenwriter of "Hidalgo", responded to criticism about the historical basis of the film. He had done research on Hopkins for years. He said that he used parts of Hopkins' 1891 desert memoirs (unpublished during the rider's lifetime) and "heightened the 'Based On' story to create an entertaining theatrical film." He held that the story of the man and his horse is true. Fusco offered quotes from surviving friends of Hopkins, notably former distance riders Walt and Edith Pyle, and Lt Col William Zimmerman, along with information found in horse history texts, as verification.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: According to the Longriders Guild, the Saudi Arabian Government say officially that there has never been an "Ocean of Fire" race. Hopkins never named the event; he referred to it in his writings as an annual ceremonial ride in the region. According to the Arab historian Dr. Awad al-Badi, such a lengthy race was impossible. He said,


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: There is no record or reference to Hopkins with or without his mustangs ever having set foot on Arabian soil. The idea of a historic long-distance Arab horse race is pure nonsense and flies against all reason. Such an event in Arabia any time in the past is impossible simply from a technical, logistical, cultural and geopolitical point of view. It has never been part of our rich traditions and equestrian heritage.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: Several American Paint horses were used to portray Hidalgo. The actor Viggo Mortensen later bought RH Tecontender, one of the horses used in the film. The screenwriter John Fusco bought Oscar, the main stunt horse, and retired him at Red Road Farm, his American Indian horse conservancy. Another one was bought by a ranch near Steamboat, Colorado.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: The movie received mixed reviews from mainstream critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 46% with an average rating of 5.5/10, based on reviews from 164 critics. The critical consensus reads, "The scenery looks great, but this overstuffed horse story contains too much cheese". Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 54/100 based on reviews from 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on A+ to F scale.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: Roger Ebert offered a positive review of the film (three out of four stars), saying it's "Bold, exuberant and swashbuckling," the kind of fun, rip-snorting adventure film Hollywood rarely makes anymore. He added, "please ignore any tiresome scolds who complain that the movie is not really based on fact. Duh."


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: The film grossed approximately $18,829,435 on its opening weekend, peaking at #3 behind "The Passion of the Christ" and "Starsky and Hutch" in 3,065 theatres. It closed from theatres on July 22, 2004, with $67.3 million in North America, and $40.8 million internationally. The film made a worldwide total of $108.1 million.


title: Hidalgo (film)

text: John Fusco won the Spur Award for Best Western Drama Script; although most of the plot of "Hidalgo" was not set in the American West, it featured an American cowboy figure.


title: Nordic cross flag

text: A Nordic cross flag is a flag bearing the design of the Nordic or Scandinavian cross, a cross symbol in a rectangular field, with the centre of the cross shifted towards the hoist.


title: Nordic cross flag

text: All independent Nordic countries have adopted such flags in the modern period, and while the Nordic cross is named for its use in the national flags of the Nordic nations, the term is used universally by vexillologists, in reference not only to the flags of the Nordic countries but to other flags with similar designs. The sideways cross is also known as the Cross of Saint Philip the Apostle, who preached not in Scandinavia but in Greece, Phrygia and Syria instead.


title: Nordic cross flag

text: The cross design represents Christianity, and was first seen in the "Dannebrog", the national flag of Denmark in the first half of the 13th century. The same design, but with a red Nordic cross on a yellow background, was used as union flag during the Kalmar union (1397 to 1523), and when that union fell apart in 1523 the same design, but with a yellow cross on a blue background (derived from the Swedish coat of arms adopted in 1442), was adopted as national flag of Sweden, while Norway adopted their flag in 1821. From its adoption in the early 16th century until 1906 the background of the flag of Sweden was dark blue, but was changed to the currently used lighter shade of blue in a new flag law that was adopted in 1906, after the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway. After gaining independence the other Nordic countries adopted national flags of the same design, Iceland in 1915 and Finland in 1917. The Norwegian flag was the first Nordic cross flag with three colours.


title: Nordic cross flag

text: Note that some of these flags are historical. Also, note that flag proportions may vary between the different flags and sometimes even between different versions of the same flag.


title: Nordic cross flag

text: The Flag of Greenland is the only national flag of a Nordic country or territory without a Nordic Cross. When Greenland was granted home rule, the present flag — with a graphic design unique to Greenland — was adopted in June 1985, supported by fourteen votes against eleven who supported a proposed green-and-white Nordic cross.


title: Nordic cross flag

text: This is the historical flag of the Kalmar Union, which united Denmark, Sweden and Norway from 1397 to 1523. No pictorial evidence survives of the Kalmar Union's Flag. The flag appearing here is a reconstruction based on references in 1430 letters by King Eric of Pomerania.


title: Nordic cross flag

text: These flags either do not have official status or represent various private entities. They have not been officially adopted and their use remains limited.


title: Nordic cross flag

text: Nordic flag designs very similar to Denmark's, Sweden's, and Norway's national flags were proposed as Germany's national flags in both 1919 and 1948, after World War I and World War II, respectively. Today, the Nordic cross is a feature in some city and district flags or coats of arms.


title: Nordic cross flag

text: A number of flags for localities in the United Kingdom (primarily Scotland) are based on Nordic cross designs, intended to reflect the Scandinavian heritage introduced to the British Isles during the Viking Age and through the High Middle Ages.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: Cellophane noodles, or fensi (), sometimes called glass noodles, are a type of transparent noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca, or canna starch) and water. A stabilizer such as chitosan (or alum, illegal in some jurisdictions) may also be used.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: They are generally sold in dried form, soaked to reconstitute, then used in soups, stir-fried dishes, or spring rolls. They are called "cellophane noodles" or "glass noodles" because of their cellophane- or glass-like transparency when cooked.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: Cellophane noodles should not be confused with rice vermicelli, which are made from rice and are white in color rather than clear (after cooking in water).


title: Cellophane noodles

text: Cellophane noodles are made from a variety of starches. In China, cellophane noodles are usually made of mung bean starch or sweet potato starch. Chinese varieties made from mung bean starch are called Chinese vermicelli, bean threads, or bean thread noodles. Chinese varieties made from sweet potato starch are called Fentiao or Hongshufen. Thicker Korean varieties made with sweet potato starch are called sweet potato noodles or dangmyeon.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: Cellophane noodles are available in various thicknesses. Wide, flat cellophane noodle sheets called mung bean sheets are also produced in China. In Korea, napjak-dangmyeon (literally "flat "dangmyeon"") refers to flat sweet potato noodles.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In China, the primary site of production of cellophane noodles is the town of Zhangxing, in Zhaoyuan, Shandong province. However, historically the noodles were shipped through the port of Longkou, and thus the noodles are known and marketed as Longkou "fensi" ().


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Chinese, the most commonly used names are "fěnsī" (, literally "noodle thread") and "fěntiáo" or "hóngshǔfěn" ( or , literally "noodle strip" or "sweet potato noodles"). They are also marketed under the name "saifun", the Cantonese pronunciation of the Mandarin "xìfěn" (; literally "slender noodle"), though the name "fánsī" (粉絲) is the term most often used in Cantonese.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In China, cellophane noodles are a popular ingredient used in stir fries, soups, and particularly hot pots. They can also be used as an ingredient in fillings for a variety of Chinese "jiaozi" (dumplings) and "bing" (flatbreads), especially in vegetarian versions of these dishes. Thicker cellophane noodles are also commonly used to imitate the appearance and texture of shark's fin in vegetarian soups. Thicker varieties, most popular in China's northeast, are used in stir fries as well as cold salad-like dishes. A popular shanghai cuisine using the ingredient is fried tofu with thin noodles (; Pinyin: "yóu dòu fu-xiàn fěn tāng"). A popular Sichuan dish called "ants climbing a tree" consists of stewed cellophane noodles with a spicy ground pork meat sauce.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Tibetan cuisine of Tibet Autonomous Region, glass noodles are called "phing" or "fing" and are used in soup, pork curry or with mushrooms.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Japanese cuisine, they are called "harusame" (), literally "spring rain". Unlike Chinese glass noodles, they are usually made from potato starch. They are commonly used to make salads, or as an ingredient in hot pot dishes. They are also often used to make Japanese adaptations of Chinese and Korean dishes. "Shirataki" noodles are translucent, traditional Japanese noodles made from the konjac yam and sometimes tofu.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Korean cuisine, glass noodles are usually made from sweet potato starch and are called "dangmyeon" (Hangul: ; Hanja: ; literally "Tang noodles"; also spelled "dang myun", "dangmyun", "tang myun", or "tangmyun"). They are commonly stir-fried in sesame oil with beef and vegetables, and flavoured with soy and sugar, in a popular dish called "japchae" (hangul: 잡채). They are usually thick, and are a brownish-gray color when in their uncooked form.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In India, glass noodles are called "falooda" (see falooda, the dessert dish), and are served on top of "kulfi" (a traditional ice cream). They are usually made from arrowroot starch using a traditional technique. The noodles are flavorless so they provide a nice contrast with the sweet "kulfi". "Kulfi" and "falooda" can be bought from numerous food stalls throughout northern and southern parts of India.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Indonesian cuisine, they are called "soun" or "suun", probably from (POJ: suànn-hún). Its usually eaten with bakso, tekwan, and soto. In Klaten, soun made from aren starch.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Malaysia they are known as "tanghoon" (冬粉). They are sometimes confused with "bihun" (米粉) which are rice vermicelli. Sometimes also known as suhun or suhoon.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Myanmar, cellophane noodles are called "kyazan" (; ), more specifically called "pe kyazan" (, ), which is typically made with mung bean flour. The other form of "kyazan", called "hsan kyazan" (), refers to rice vermicelli.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: "Kyazan" is the primary starch used in a Burmese consomme called "kya zan hinga", and is also used in Burmese salads.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Filipino cuisine, the noodles are called a similar name: "sotanghon" because of the popular dish of the same name made from them using chicken and wood ears. They are also confused with rice vermicelli, which is called "bihon" in the Philippines.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Thai cuisine, glass noodles are called "wun sen" (). They are commonly mixed with pork and shrimp in a spicy salad called "yam wun sen" (), or stir-fried as "phat wun sen" ().


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Vietnamese cuisine, there are two varieties of cellophane noodles. The first, called "bún tàu" or "bún tào", are made from mung bean starch, and were introduced by Chinese immigrants. The second, called "miến" or "miến dong", are made from canna (), and were developed in Vietnam. These cellophane noodles are a main ingredient in the dishes: "miến gà", "miến lươn", "miến măng vịt", and "miến cua". These cellophane noodles are sometimes confused with rice vermicelli (Vietnamese: bún) and arrowroot starch noodles (Vietnamese: arrowroot: "củ dong", arrowroot starch: "bột dong/bột hoàng tinh/bột mì tinh").


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In French Polynesia, cellophane noodles are known as "vermicelle de soja" and was introduced to the islands by Hakka agricultural workers during the 19th-century. They are most often used in "maa tinito", a dish made with cellophane noodles mixed together with pork, beans and cooked vegetables.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In Hawaii, where cuisine is heavily influenced by Asian cultures, cellophane noodles are known locally as long rice, supposedly because the process of making the noodles involves extruding the starch through a potato ricer. They are used most often in "chicken long rice", a dish of cellophane noodles in chicken broth that is often served at luaus.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: Glass noodles were introduced to Samoa by Cantonese agricultural workers in the early 1900s where they became known as ""lialia"", a Samoan word meaning "to twirl", after the method of twirling the noodles around chopsticks when eating. A popular dish called "sapasui" (transliteration of the Cantonese chop suey) is common fare at social gatherings. Sapasui, a soupy dish of boiled glass noodles mixed with braised pork, beef, or chicken and chopped vegetables, is akin to Hawaiian "long rice".


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In 2004, a number of companies producing Longkou cellophane noodles produced in Yantai, Shandong were discovered to be adulterated, with unscrupulous companies making noodles from cornstarch instead of green beans in order to reduce costs; the companies, to make the cornstarch transparent, were adding sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate and lead-based whiteners to their noodles.


title: Cellophane noodles

text: In December 2010, Czech food inspection authorities (SZPI) again inspected Chinese cellophane noodles, this time determining that of aluminium had been used in the production of the noodles. Above is an illegal amount for noodles in Czech and EU markets (see Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 669/2009 and its amendments (EU) No 187/2011, 618/2013 annex I).


title: Richard Rawlings

text: Richard Rawlings (born March 30, 1969) is an American entrepreneur and media personality. He is the star of the reality television show "Fast N' Loud" on Discovery Channel. He is also a proprietor of the Gas Monkey Garage as well as both the Gas Monkey Bar N' Grill and Gas Monkey Live music venues in Dallas, Texas. Beginning in 2014, Rawlings was featured in national television commercials promoting Dodge vehicles and financing.


title: Richard Rawlings

text: Rawlings was born in Fort Worth, Texas, in 1969. As a child he went to auto shows with his father and constructed cars, having purchased his first at the age of 14. In the next six to seven years, he graduated from Eastern Hills High School


title: Richard Rawlings

text: In 1993, Rawlings married Karen K. Grames, but they divorced the following year. In 1999, Rawlings started the printing and advertising company Lincoln Press. Also in 1999, he married his second wife, Suzanne Marie Mergele, in Las Vegas, Nevada. The couple divorced in 2009, but remarried in 2015. On March 11, 2019, Rawlings announced via his Twitter account that Suzanne and he were separating and filing for divorce.


title: Richard Rawlings

text: In 2002, Rawlings launched Gas Monkey Garage in Dallas, selling Lincoln Press in 2004. The shop customizes classic and hot-rod automobiles for customers worldwide. From 2012 to 2020, the business was the focus of the Discovery Channel series "Fast N' Loud".


title: Richard Rawlings

text: Rawlings also co-hosts the show Garage Rehab on the Discovery Channel since 2017, which is about overhauling struggling automotive shops, along with co-hosts Russell Holmes and Chris Stephens. He pitched the concept to the network circa 2015.


title: Richard Rawlings

text: In May 2007, Richard Rawlings and co-pilot Dennis Collins allegedly broke the 1979 Cannonball Run time from New York City to Los Angeles of 32 hours and 51 minutes. The two bet rival Jay Riecke that they could beat the time in their 2007 Bullrun entry, a black Ferrari 550, modified with extra fuel cells. Their final time was 31 hours and 59 minutes, but much debate remains in the legitimacy of this time, as the distance and times do not match up. They were the only pair to defeat the 1975 mark by Rick Cline and Jack May in a Ferrari Dino, as all other competitors did not leave and arrive at the correct locations or took alternate routes that did not follow the original Cannonball Runs of the 1970s. Even their personal heroes Dave Heinz and Dave Yarborough in their Jaguar XJ-S that set the 1979 record left from Darien, Connecticut, instead of Manhattan.


title: Richard Rawlings

text: In September 2013, Rawlings started Gas Monkey Bar N' Grill in Northwest Dallas and a second location at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport opened in March 2014. Rawlings indicated a desire to open a third Texas location outside of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.


title: Richard Rawlings

text: In October 2014, Gas Monkey Live, a venue dedicated predominantly to live music, was opened. The venue closed in May 2020.


title: Richard Rawlings

text: Rawlings, started a new restaurant venture, Richard Rawlings' Garage. The first restaurant opened in Harker Heights, Texas, in 2016, and it permanently closed in March 2019.


title: Richard Rawlings

text: On May 12, 2015, Rawlings published his first autobiography entitled "Fast N’ Loud: Blood, Sweat and Beers".


title: Lance

text: A lance is a spear designed to be used by a mounted warrior or cavalry soldier (lancer). In ancient and medieval warfare, it evolved into the leading weapon in cavalry charges, and was unsuited for throwing or for repeated thrusting, unlike similar weapons of the javelin and pike family typically used by infantry. Lances were often equipped with a vamplate, a small circular plate to prevent the hand sliding up the shaft upon impact, and beginning in the late 14th century were used in conjunction with a lance rest attached to the breastplate. Though best known as a military and sporting weapon carried by European knights and men-at-arms, the use of lances was widespread throughout Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa wherever suitable mounts were available. Lancers of the medieval period also carried secondary weapons such as swords, battle axes, war hammers, maces and daggers for use in hand-to-hand combat, since the lance was often a one-use-per-engagement weapon; assuming the lance survived the initial impact without breaking, it was often (depending on the lance) too long, heavy, and slow to be effective against opponents in a melee.


title: Lance

text: The name is derived from the word - the Roman auxiliaries' javelin or throwing spear; although according to the OED, the word may be of Iberian origin. Also compare (), a Greek term for "spear" or "lance".


title: Lance

text: A lance in the original sense is a light throwing spear or javelin. The English verb "to launch" "fling, hurl, throw" is derived from the term (via Old French ), as well as the rarer or poetic "to lance". The term from the 17th century came to refer specifically to spears not thrown, used for thrusting by heavy cavalry, and especially in jousting. The longer types of thrusting spear used by infantry are usually referred to as pikes.


title: Lance

text: The Byzantine cavalry used lances ("kontos" or "kontarion") almost exclusively, often in mixed formations of mounted archer and lancer formations ("cursores et defensores"). The Byzantines used lances in both overarm and underarm grips, as well as being couched under the arm (held horizontally). The length of the standard "kontarion" is estimated at about , which is shorter than that of the medieval knight of Western Europe.


title: Lance

text: Formations of knights were known to use underarm-couched military lances in full-gallop closed-ranks charges against lines of opposing infantry or cavalry. Two variants on the couched lance charge developed, the French method, "en haie", with lancers in a double line, and the German method, with lancers drawn up in a deeper formation which was often wedge-shaped. It is commonly believed that this became the dominant European cavalry tactic in the 11th century after the development of the cantled saddle and stirrups (the Great Stirrup Controversy), and of rowel spurs (which enabled better control of the mount). Cavalry thus outfitted and deployed had a tremendous collective force in their charge, and could shatter most contemporary infantry lines.


title: Lance

text: Because of the extreme stopping power of a thrusting spear, it quickly became a popular weapon of infantry in the Late Middle Ages. These eventually led to the rise of the longest type of spears, the pike. This adaptation of the cavalry lance to infantry use was largely tasked with stopping lance-armed cavalry charges. During the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries, these weapons, both mounted and unmounted, were so effective that lancers and pikemen not only became a staple of every Western army, but also became highly sought-after mercenaries. (However, the pike had already been used by Philip II of Macedon in antiquity to great effect, in the form of the sarissa.)


title: Lance

text: In Europe, a jousting lance was a variation of the knight's lance which was modified from its original war design. In jousting, the lance tips would usually be blunt, often spread out like a cup or furniture foot, to provide a wider impact surface designed to unseat the opposing rider without spearing him through. The centre of the shaft of such lances could be designed to be hollow, in order for it to break on impact, as a further safeguard against impalement. They were on average long, and had hand guards built into the lance, often tapering for a considerable portion of the weapon's length. These are the versions that can most often be seen at medieval reenactment festivals. In war, lances were much more like stout spears, long and balanced for one-handed use, and with sharpened tips.


title: Lance

text: As a small unit that surrounded a knight when he went into battle during the 14th and 15th centuries, a lance might have consisted of one or two squires, the knight himself, one to three men-at-arms, and possibly an archer. Lances were often combined under the banner of a higher-ranking nobleman to form companies of knights that would act as an ad hoc unit.


title: Lance

text: The advent of wheellock technology spelled the end of the lance in Western Europe, with newer types of heavy cavalry such as reiters and cuirassiers spurning the old one-use weapon and increasingly supplanting the older gendarme type Medieval cavalry. While many Renaissance captains such as Sir Roger Williams continued to espouse the virtues of the lance, many such as François de la Noue openly encouraged its abandonment in the face of the pistol's greater armor piercing power, handiness and greater general utility. At the same time the adoption of pike and shot tactic by most infantry forces would neuter much of the power of the lancer's breakneck charge, making them a non-cost effective type of military unit due to their expensive horses in comparison to cuirassiers and reiters, who usually charging only at a trot could make do with lower quality mounts. After the success of pistol-armed Huguenot heavy horse against their Royalist counterparts during the French Wars of Religion, most Western European powers started rearming their lancers with pistols, initially as an adjunct weapon and eventually as a replacement, with the Spanish retaining the lance the longest.


title: Lance

text: Only the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth with its far greater emphasis on cavalry warfare, large population of Szlachta nobility and general lower military technology level among its foes retained the lance to a considerable degree, with the famously winged Polish hussars having their glory period during the 17th and 18th centuries against a wide variety of enemy forces.


title: Lance

text: After the Western introduction of the horse to the Native Americans, the Plains Indians also took up the lance, probably independently, as American cavalry of the time were pistol and sabre armed, firing forward at full gallop.


title: Lance

text: The mounted lancer experienced a renaissance in the 19th century. This followed on the demise of the pike and of body armor during the early 18th century, with the reintroduction of lances coming from Poland and Hungary. In both countries formations of lance-armed cavalry had been retained when they disappeared elsewhere in Europe. Lancers became especially prevalent during and after the Napoleonic Wars: a period when almost all the major European powers reintroduced the lance into their respective cavalry arsenals. Formations of uhlans and other types of cavalry used lances between in length as their primary weapons. The lance was usually employed in initial charges in close formation, with sabers being used in the melee that followed.


title: Lance

text: The Crimean War saw the use of the lance in the Charge of the Light Brigade. One of the four British regiments involved in the charge, plus the Russian Cossacks who counter-attacked, were armed with this weapon.


title: Lance

text: During the War of the Triple Alliance (1864–70), the Paraguayan cavalry made effective use of locally manufactured lances, both of conventional design and of an antique pattern used by gauchos for cattle herding.


title: Lance

text: The 1860s and 1870s saw the increasing common usage of ash, bamboo, beech, or pine wood for lance shafts of varying lengths, each with steel points and butts, adopted by the uhlan regiments of the Saxon, Württemberg, Bavarian, and Prussian armies.


title: Lance

text: The Franco-Prussian War of 1870 saw the extensive deployment of cavalry armed with lances on both sides. While the opportunities for using this weapon effectively proved infrequent during the actual conflict, the entire cavalry corps (hussars, dragoons, cuirassiers, and uhlans) of the post-war Imperial German Army subsequently adopted the lance as a primary weapon. After 1893 the standard German cavalry lance was made of drawn tubular steel, covered with clear lacquer and with a hemp hand-grip. At it was the longest version then in use.


title: Lance

text: The Austrian cavalry had included regiments armed with lances since 1784. In 1884 the lance ceased to be carried either as an active service or parade weapon. However the eleven Uhlan regiments continued in existence until 1918, armed with the standard cavalry sabre.