title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On March 3, Vivian Lee Thoreen justified Jamie's role as conservator due to his actions in protecting Spears's finances and custody agreements, and said that court investigators have allowed the conservatorship to continue under their oversight. She also stated that he "would love nothing more" than the end of Spears's conservatorship, and that his actions were in her best interests. In late March, Ingham petitioned to make Jodi Montgomery's role permanent, and for Jamie be completely removed. On April 1, Jamie asked Spears to pay $2 million in legal fees due to the increased litigation.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: At routine proceedings on April 27, 2021, Sam Ingham expressed to the court that Spears had requested to speak to Judge Penny directly and "on an expedited basis". Judge Penny set a June 23 date for the testimony. On June 17, an "interested party" by the name Stan Wantuch filed a petition to terminate the conservatorship. Ingham stated that he "[did not] know anything about the filing". Wantuch appeared to have no major connection to the case but claimed to be a "friend", "debtor", and "heir" of Spears. The petition required a $90 fee, but the fee was waived by the courts.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On June 22, "The New York Times" reported that, in confidential documents obtained by the newspaper, Spears had expressed her desire to end the conservatorship long before it was publicly known, stating that it had "too much control". Spears also cited her father's alcoholism when questioning his fitness to serve as her conservator. The article also detailed the strained relationship between Spears and her father Jamie.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: The day before her testimony, Spears called 911 from a lobby phone at a police station and reported herself as a victim of conservatorship abuse. Officers later met Spears at her residence. In September, journalist Ronan Farrow reported that Spears had intended "to establish [...] something illegal was happening". As a result of this call, which was made unavailable to the public due to an "ongoing investigation", Spears's team reportedly discussed actions to take were she to go "rogue".


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On June 23, Spears testified in a public court session that was audio streamed for the media and public. In the 24-minute statement, Spears detailed instances where she was forced to work or perform and was threatened with lawsuits and lifestyle restrictions if she did not cooperate; she claimed that the conservatorship was abusive. Spears said medical professionals medicated her with drugs, including lithium, without her consent; compared her 2019 mental health facility stay to "sex trafficking"; expressed that she was subject to unnecessary and excessive psychological evaluations; stated that her conservators failed to supply her with self-care; and shared that she was prevented from marrying and having a child, the latter as a result of an intrauterine device implemented without Spears's consent, one that she had since been prevented from removing.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: Spears revealed that her statements assuring the public of her well-being were untrue. She expressed throughout her statement that she felt "in shock", "traumatized", "so angry it's insane", "depressed", "like [she] was dead", and "alone". In the testimony, Spears expressed to Judge Penny:


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: Spears would also criticize her father and conservator Jamie for approving the abuses, and the rest of her family for failing to support her. Additionally, Spears requested various changes in the conservatorship, including developing a reconstructed care plan, handpicking her own attorney, and filing to terminate the conservatorship altogether.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On June 25, Spears's ex-husband Kevin Federline supported her wishes to end the conservatorship. His attorney, Mark Vincent Kaplan, stated that Federline wanted her to be "happy and healthy", but also described that "there are financial issues that have to be addressed" in connection to the continued parenting obligations that Spears and Federline share. Kaplan also clarified that Federline never used their children as "pawns", and was not involved in the implementation of the conservatorship.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On June 30, Jamie Spears called for an investigation into Spears's claims, and accused Jodi Montgomery, his temporary replacement as conservator of the person, of overseeing the abuses described by Spears in her testimony. He cited his approval of Jason Trawick's 2011 engagement to Spears as evidence of Montgomery's abuse. He also claimed that he had not spoken to his daughter in two years, but this contradicted his lawyer, Vivian Lee Thoreen, who said previously that the two had many conversations in 2020. On the same day, Montgomery's lawyer released a statement that denied Jamie's allegations, stating that she had been "a tireless advocate" for Spears.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On the same day, Judge Penny denied the motion to remove Jamie Spears as conservator of the estate, while simultaneously approving Bessemer Trust to co-conserve alongside Spears. The actions were made in relation to motions from November 2020 and were unrelated to the June 23 hearing. The next day, Bessemer Trust filed a petition to withdraw from the conservatorship, citing Spears's hearing. The company had taken no assets or fees, as their role had not yet taken effect despite approval by the courts.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On June 30, Los Angeles County courts suspended their remote audio streaming program after an illegal recording of Spears's testimony was leaked online. Under California laws, recording and distributing court audio without consent from the presiding judge are prohibited.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On July 2, rapper Iggy Azalea, who previously collaborated with Spears, posted a statement on social media supporting Spears. Azalea voiced her opinion that the arrangement was "illegal", expressed concern for Spears's mental health under the conservatorship, and added that she had personally witnessed the alleged abuse. Emphasizing that she believed Spears was "not exaggerating or lying", Azalea described moments where Spears was restricted from "trivial" tasks, such as drinking soda. Azalea also claimed that Jamie Spears had forced her to sign a non-disclosure agreement under duress, moments before she performed "Pretty Girls" alongside Spears at the 2015 "Billboard" Music Awards.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On July 3, journalists Ronan Farrow and Jia Tolentino published an investigative article on "The New Yorker" that disclosed previously unknown details about Spears's conservatorship. In the article, Jaqueline Butcher, a Spears family friend, alleged that Jamie was verbally abusive. Jamie reportedly called Spears "fat", accused her of being "a whore and a terrible mother", and often exclaimed "I am Britney Spears!" in verbal disputes with Lynne regarding her access to her daughter. Butcher, who testified in favor of the conservatorship in 2008, expressed her regrets in the article, saying, "at the time I thought I was helping [...] I helped a corrupt family seize all this control", adding that "it was supposed to be temporary".


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: The investigative article also revealed details about Spears's social media usage. It was reported that Spears provides her own content to CrowdSurf, a social media marketing company, which uploads the content after screening for topics that are "too sensitive", which include the conservatorship.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On July 6, Spears's manager of 25 years, Larry Rudolph, formally resigned from his position in a letter to the conservators. He explained that Spears's alleged "intention to officially retire" was the reason for his resignation. Later that day, Spears's court-appointed lawyer Samuel D. Ingham III, alongside law firm Loeb & Loeb LLP, resigned from the conservatorship case, effective upon the appointment of new counsel.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On July 7, Lynne Spears called on the court to allow Spears to select her own counsel. Through attorney Gladstone Jones, Lynne stated that Spears's "capacity is certainly different today than it was in 2008," and also called her June 23 testimony "very courageous". The same day, Jodi Montgomery, petitioned for additional security as a result of increased frequency in "threatening posts"; the security was estimated to have cost $50,000 a month. On July 8, it was reported that Jamie Spears, the Spears family, and Sam Ingham also received an increased number of death threats after Spears's testimony. Jamie Spears also filed a petition objecting to Montgomery's request for additional security, but the petition clarified that it was "not meant in any way to minimize the threats to Ms. Montgomery", and rather was due to the substantial cost of the security. On July 10, Montgomery pushed back against Jamie's claims that she mistreated Spears as conservator, alleging that Jamie had previously used $2 million of Spears's money "to defend himself" as conservator of the estate.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On July 12, Spears was reportedly in talks with attorney Mathew S. Rosengart, a former federal prosecutor, about his potential appointment as her new counsel. On July 13, the American Civil Liberties Union filed an amicus brief in the case, in support of Spears's wish to choose her own attorney. The brief was filed alongside other 25 civil and disability organizations.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: In a July 14 hearing, Judge Penny approved the resignations of Bessemer Trust and attorney Sam Ingham. The court also granted Spears the right to select her own attorney, Mathew Rosengart. Rosengart informed the court that he would be working to terminate the conservatorship. Spears spoke in the hearing, reportedly breaking down in tears when she described further abuses under the conservatorship. Spears called the alleged mistreatment "cruelty", and claimed that she "thought they were trying to kill [her]". Spears said she wanted her father removed as conservator, and that she intends to charge him with conservatorship abuse. Later that day, Spears publicly endorsed the #FreeBritney movement for the first time, using the hashtag in a caption on an Instagram post. Spears said that she felt "blessed" after earning "real representation", referring to Judge Penny's decision to allow her to choose her own counsel.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On July 26, Rosengart filed a petition seeking to remove Jamie as conservator of Spears's estate and to replace him with Jason Rubin, a CPA at Certified Strategies Inc. in Woodland Hills, California. The petition made several claims of mismanagement against Jamie, namely money laundering his daughter's earnings and signing contracts on her behalf. The petition also included declarations of support from Montgomery and Lynne. The former stated in behalf of Spears's medical team that it is in her health's best interest to withdraw Jamie from overseeing her estate. The latter disclosed that Jamie hired a sports enhancement doctor, whom he encouraged to prescribe lithium to their daughter. Lynne further alleged that Jamie enlisted Spears's household staff to spy on her and report back to him.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On August 5, Rosengart filed a petition on an ex parte basis asking the court to expedite the subsequent hearing to August 23, or immediately suspend Jamie from his duties. He also highlighted further instances of racketeering on Jamie's part, namely diverting $300,000 from his daughter's estate to her former business manager Lou Taylor without her consent.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On August 6, Jamie filed a petition disputing Rosengart's claims, attributing his daughter's allegations of abuse to her being "mentally sick". Jamie also accused Montgomery and Sam Ingham, of involuntarily admitting Spears into a medical facility in 2019. He further alleged that during a phone call Montgomery made to him the previous month, she expressed concerns regarding Spears's mental health, and raised the prospect of placing her under a 5150 hold. Later that day, Montgomery's attorney, Lauriann Wright, issued a statement in response to Jamie's filing.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: Wright clarified that neither a (at the time) care manager, nor a court appointed counsel, have the "power or authority" to place a conservatee in a facility, and that her client's involvement was restricted to signing "routine paperwork" under Jamie's direction. She also divulged the decision to send Spears to the facility was made by her treating psychiatrist at the time, Dr. Timothy Benson. In regards to the details about Montgomery's phone call with Jamie, Wright denied that her client ever qualified Spears for a 5150 hold, and instead suggested not have her testifying in court, or subjected to an evaluation.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On August 8, Judge Penny denied Rosengart's petition to advance the hearing scheduled for September 29, as well as Jamie's immediate suspension.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On August 12, Jamie filed a petition opposing his suspension and removal as conservator of the estate, though agreed to step down at the request of Judge Penny. In his filing, Jamie also disputed Lynne's declarations of support in favor of his removal, claiming misinformation on her behalf, in addition to accusing her of financial rewarding from the estate, while citing her relationship with their daughter as "estranged".


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On August 20, it was reported that proposed conservator Jason Rubin filed a petition in 2020 to become the guardian of his mother Ida Rubin, despite Ida testifying that she was competent to handle her own affairs. A judge dismissed Jason's petition after a year of litigation, ruling in Ida's favor. An attorney for Jason stated the events "in no way whatsoever [reflect] on Mr. Rubin's ability to properly manage and protect an individual's assets".


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On August 23, it was reported Spears was under investigation following an altercation with a housekeeper, who did not return with her dogs after a veterinarian visit due to concerns of neglect. Spears reported a theft to the Ventura County Sheriff's Office, but did not pursue further action. When the housekeeper showed Spears a photo of her ill dog, she forcibly removed the phone from their hand, suspecting the pets had been taken by order of her father. The housekeeper reported the incident, but Spears refused to speak with officers. Rosengart issued a statement in Spears's defense, saying the incident was "sensational tabloid fodder" and "nothing more than a 'he said, she said' regarding a cell phone, with no striking and obviously no injury whatsoever". Spears's dogs were eventually returned, and no charges were filed.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On August 31, Rosengart accused Jamie of attempted extortion of approximately $2 million, including $1.3 million in attorneys's fees, $500,000 to Tri Star, and additional sums to Jamie himself. Rosengart declared he would not negotiate Jamie's departure, instead formally requesting Penny order Jamie's removal at the next hearing. Rosengart added that extortion negotiations were a "non-starter".


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On September 7, Jamie reversed his position on the conservatorship, filing a petition to terminate, stating that "circumstances have changed" and adding that "all he wants is what is best for his daughter". Rosengart described the filing as "vindication" for Spears, but that he would "continue to explore all options" in investigating the alleged abuses that occurred under the conservatorship, including "misconduct" and "financial mismanagement". It was later revealed in court filings that the reversal was made after Spears's team requested discovery and deposition.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On September 12, Spears announced her engagement to Sam Asghari. On September 14, after a post in support of #FreeBritney, Spears's Instagram account was deactivated; she later clarified that she wanted to step away from social media to "celebrate [her] engagement". Spears returned to Instagram on September 20. On September 22, Spears and her legal team filed documents consenting to Jamie's petition to terminate. However, the filing also asked that Jamie be removed first, citing the "Kafkaesque nightmare" of his tenure as conservator, and arguing that Spears's prenuptial agreement with Asghari would involve the conservator of the estate, which Spears wanted to avoid.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On September 24, "The New York Times" released "Controlling Britney Spears", a sequel to "Framing Britney Spears", presenting undisclosed details regarding the conservatorship and Spears's management. The film made substantial allegations against Jamie, Black Box Security, Lou Taylor, and Robin Greenhill. Former head of wardrobe Tish Yates alleged that, under conservatorship, disputes between Spears and her superiors often "escalated" into threats regarding custody of her children. Yates and Felicia Culotta, Spears's former assistant, also alleged that Spears's inner circle was reduced, with Culotta expressing she believed management attempted to turn Spears against her.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: Alex Vlasov of Black Box alleged that security administered medication to Spears. Her devices were surveilled and her phone conversations were mirrored, including those with Sam Ingham, potentially violating attorney-client privilege. Devices were placed in her bedroom that recorded conversations between her and Asghari or her children. Spears's romantic relationships were monitored, and significant others were required to sign non-disclosure agreements. The "Times" could not confirm if the court knew of these measures; Rosengart stated that they would be "fully and aggressively investigated", and would add in court filings that "Mr. Spears has crossed unfathomable lines". Vlasov stated that the measures implemented were "ethically [...] just one big mess", alleging that he was asked to destroy evidence.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On September 26, CNN aired a special report on the dispute. Former promotional manager Dan George, who had also appeared in "Controlling Britney Spears", repeated the allegations detailed in the film; he added that Spears "could only read Christian books". George also said that those who were willing to question the conservatorship "could lose [their] job". The report alleged that Spears blamed Lou Taylor for many of the abuses surrounding the conservatorship.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On September 28, Netflix released "Britney vs Spears", a documentary featuring Culotta, "Rolling Stone" journalist Jenny Eliscu, Adnan Ghalib, Sam Lutfi, and others. The film features leaked documents that director Erin Lee Carr claimed to have verified. Among the allegations, Ghalib shared texts that showed Spears's discontent with the conservatorship, and Lutfi denied claims he had given Spears drugs. When questioned about Lou Taylor, Culotta said "I will not touch that one [...] She will chew me up and spit me out". The film also included testimony from geriatric psychiatrist J. Edward Spar, who refused to say if he had examined Spears, though his name appeared on medical documents in 2008.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: The same day, Jamie filed documents opposing his replacement as conservator of the estate by John Zabel, Spears's candidate. He argued Zabel was not a "licensed fiduciary" and therefore "not well suited" to conserve Spears's $60 million estate. Rosengart defended Zabel's record in a separate filing.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On September 29, Judge Penny suspended Jamie Spears as conservator of the estate, effectively ending his control of Spears's life after 13 years. He was replaced by Zabel, who received all documents regarding the estate. Penny reportedly based her decision on a "situation [that was] not tenable". On October 3, Spears thanked the #FreeBritney movement for "constant resilience" in spreading awareness.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On October 15, Jamie's half-sister Leigh Ann Spears Wrather criticized his involvement in the conservatorship, calling him "barbaric", and expressing that he should be "held accountable". She alleged that Lynne did little to support Spears in the dispute. The same day, Spears in a since-deleted Instagram post explicitly accused Lynne and Taylor of orchestrating the conservatorship alongside Jamie, expressing that they collectively "[knew] exactly what [they] did" in regard to its establishment.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On November 3, Lynne requested that Spears's estate pay more than $600,000 in legal fees, arguing that they were "warranted" because they were used to support Spears's best interests. The same day, Jamie again petitioned for "immediate termination" of the conservatorship, stating that his actions were in Spears's best interests. On November 5, Lou Taylor on behalf of Tri Star denied various allegations, including those of surveillance and medical treatment, that media had described.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On November 12, the conservatorship of both the person and the estate of Spears, which had lasted for nearly 14 years, was terminated by Judge Penny, and there were no objections to the ruling. A mental evaluation was not needed. Assets overseen by the conservatorship were moved to a trust. Spears called it the "best day ever" in a tweet after the termination. Court filings from November 2 revealed the investigations that Spears's legal team intended to pursue post-termination, including investigative efforts into the financials of the conservatorship, the Black Box surveillance claims, and alleged connections with Lou Taylor, Robin Greenhill, and Tri Star.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: The publicity surrounding Spears's case has led to increased discussions about conservatorship abuse. Dubbed "the Britney effect" by many sources, her legal battle is often considered to have brought greater attention to an already controversial subject in legal contexts. Other sources have pointed out that, despite such discussions, Spears's situation is still "atypical" in comparison to other conservatorships due to her fame and wealth.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: According to "The Guardian" in 2021, 1.3 million Americans were under conservatorship. The article referenced a 2005 investigation by the "Los Angeles Times" that found many cases where elders would be placed under "for-profit conservators", and a 2018 report by the National Council on Disability which found that conservatorships are often implemented without considering less restrictive options. The source also described how criticism of conservatorship law has been a part of disability rights advocacy since the 1960s.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: In 2021, "NPR" reported that conservatorships are often difficult to end, with the "burden" of termination being on the conservatee and legal counsel being able to "prove" a lack of necessity. The article also highlighted that conservatorships are often established to last indefinitely.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) regularly voiced their support for Spears. Zoe Brennan-Krohn of the ACLU Disability Rights Project stated that Spears was "only one of untold thousands nationwide" at risk for guardianship or conservatorship abuse. The organization has supported alternatives to conservatorship, including supported decision-making, that prevent the loss of civil rights. "The Christian Science Monitor" found that such alternatives are often "glossed over" by legal experts and argued that solutions would be most effective as legislation; other sources in the judicial field argue for greater oversight of conservatorship cases and changes in funding.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: Legislation spurred by the public dispute has been discussed within the U.S. at the federal and state levels, and concern is often described as bipartisan. On March 8, 2021, Representatives Matt Gaetz (R–FL) and Jim Jordan (R–OH) requested Rep. Jerry Nadler (D–NY) for a hearing on conservatorship abuse within the House Judiciary Committee. In the letter, Gaetz and Jordan stated about conservatorship abuse that "the most striking example is perhaps the case of multi-platinum performing artist Britney Spears".


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: In light of Spears's June 23 testimony, Senators Elizabeth Warren (D–MA) and Bob Casey (D–PA) requested information from the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Justice on guardianship. The senators expressed their concern that guardianship systems could "create significant opportunities for neglect, exploitation, and abuse", and highlighted that insufficient data hindered "policy recommendations". The letter to the agencies added that Spears's case "has shined a light on longstanding concerns [...] for financial and civil rights abuses of individuals placed under [...] conservatorship".


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On July 1, Representatives Gaetz, Marjorie Taylor Greene (R–GA), Burgess Owens (R–UT), and Andy Biggs (R–AZ) invited Spears to testify in Congress about her case. Gaetz said that a testimony could "inform policy decisions". The letter, signed only by Republicans, stated that Congress "should be inspired to bipartisan action".


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On July 20, Representatives Charlie Crist (D–FL) and Nancy Mace (R–SC) introduced the Freedom and Right to Emancipate from Exploitation Act, dubbed the FREE Act, which would give conservatees the right to petition for their own legal guardian, implement oversight policies, and require states to provide guardianship statistics.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On September 28, Senators Richard Blumenthal (D–CT) and Ted Cruz (R–TX) held a bipartisan hearing in the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on conservatorships. The senators cited Spears's case as a major influence of the hearing, which was named "Toxic Conservatorships: The Need for Reform", in reference to Spears's 2004 hit single "Toxic". Spears did not testify in the hearing, but various legal and medical experts alongside other conservatees did.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On February 19, 2021, California State Senator Ben Allen introduced Senate Bill 724, which would give conservatees the right to obtain counsel as they choose, regardless of mental capacity. SB-724 received publicity largely in part because of the connection to Spears's failed attempts at retaining counsel in Adam Streisand in 2008.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On September 30, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed the #FreeBritney Bill into law after "unanimous" support. The bill, drafted by Assemblyman Evan Low, implements procedures that check for financial conflict of interest, termination reform, and financial penalties for abusive conservators. The bill's provisions are expected to go into effect in 2023 or 2024.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: On January 20, 2022, advocacy groups announced support for legislation drafted by Assemblyman Brian Maienschein. The bill would require judges to consider less restrictive alternatives for individuals before conservatorship, and implement further reform of termination procedures.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: In response to the conservatorship, some of Spears's fans have advocated for its termination. Though the term "Free Britney" had existed since 2009, the usage of the term as a hashtag to advocate for Spears began in 2019 after her career hiatus and mental facility stay. The movement's official website states that their goal is "ending the conservatorship of Britney Spears". The movement claims that Spears has been denied her basic human rights under the arrangement, and alleges that Spears's team profits from the conservatorship. The movement also claims to raise awareness of conservatorship abuse. Members of the movement often organize in-person and virtual rallies, which have taken place in West Hollywood City Hall, Stanley Mosk Courthouse, and Grand Park in Los Angeles, California.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, much advocacy after 2019 occurred online, on social media, and in videoconferencing platforms such as Zoom. The movement received publicity on TikTok, Twitter, and Instagram, where hashtag trends like #FreeBritney and #BritneySpeaks have occurred. The movement was initially criticized by the media, fact-checkers, and the conservators for spreading conspiracy theories about Spears's situation.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: In September 2021, the documentary film "Controlling Britney Spears" alleged that Spears's conservators, management, and security investigated the movement in its early days and documented details regarding early activists under the guise of Spears's "protection". Efforts to investigate the movement allegedly included undercover operations. Activism in the movement has spread beyond California and is present globally; rallies have been held in Washington, D.C. and London, England. In September 2021, hashtag campaigns occurred on the Chinese social media platforms Weibo and WeChat. On the former, the hashtag #FreeBritney reached 130 million views.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: After the termination of the conservatorship, Spears thanked the movement for "saving [her] life", expressing that it raised awareness of her situation amidst her limited ability to voice her discontent with the arrangement.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: After Spears's June 23 testimony, a bipartisan group of lawmakers within Congress voiced their criticism of the conservatorship arrangement. These included members of the House Judiciary Committee, alongside Senator Ted Cruz, and Representatives Nancy Mace (R-SC), Carolyn Maloney (D-NY), and Barbara Lee (D-CA). Many of their criticisms were rooted in Spears's allegations of reproductive coercion. Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY), Representatives Gaetz, Barry Moore (R-AL), Seth Moulton (D-MA), and Jim Banks (R-IN), as well as politicians Tulsi Gabbard and Caitlyn Jenner voiced their support in the following days. Gaetz appeared and spoke at a #FreeBritney rally on July 14.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: Support for Spears from lawmakers has also come from outside the United States. On July 3, in support of the #FreeBritney movement and Gay Pride Month, the building housing the Brazilian National Congress was lit with the colors of the Pride flag and letters spelling the phrase "Free Britney". After Jamie's suspension on September 29, New Zealand politician David Seymour released a statement in support of Spears on behalf of the ACT Party.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: Numerous entertainment industry figures have voiced their support and concern over Spears during the conservatorship dispute, with some explicitly advocating for the #FreeBritney movement. These include Miley Cyrus, JWoww, Tess Holliday, Hayley Kiyoko, Lisa Rinna, and Eve; alongside Bella Thorne, Snooki, Ariel Winter, Taryn Manning, Paris Hilton, Tinashe, Cher, Rose McGowan, Cardi B, Missy Elliott, Lindsay Lohan, Courtney Love, and Jeffree Star. During the 2008 Sticky & Sweet Tour, Madonna voiced her support for Spears, who made a cameo on the song "Human Nature". The tour's video reflected her conservatorship, featuring Spears being "trapped in an elevator, kicking and frantically smacking the walls".


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: In direct response to the documentary, "Framing Britney Spears", the following individuals spoke out in support of Spears: Sarah Jessica Parker, Charlie Puth, Sharon Stone, Garbage, Bette Midler, Andy Cohen, Christina Milian, Valerie Bertinelli, Tamron Hall, Ellie Goulding, Hayley Williams, Sam Smith, Kacey Musgraves, Liz Phair, Vanessa Carlton, Amber Tamblyn, Lucy Hale, Sam Asghari, and Christian Siriano.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: After the June 23 testimony, additional celebrities voiced support for Spears and the #FreeBritney movement, including Meghan McCain, Mariah Carey, Brandy, Halsey, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Michelle Visage, Justin Timberlake, and Christina Aguilera. Late-night television hosts Stephen Colbert and Bill Maher also voiced support for Spears during their programs in the days after the testimony. Spears's sister Jamie Lynn Spears, her "Zoey 101" co-stars Paul Butcher and Alexa Nikolas, and ex-husband Kevin Federline also spoke out to support Britney.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: In July 2021, more individuals spoke in support of Spears, including first ex-husband Jason Alexander, former associate Sam Lutfi, family friend Jaqueline Butcher, Iggy Azalea, Elon Musk, will.i.am, AJ McLean, Dolly Parton, and Ariana Grande. Also in July 2021, Spears hired an entertainment lawyer, Mathew S. Rosengart, to represent her in her legal battle against her father. Rosengart previously represented actor Sean Penn in a successful defamation case against filmmaker Lee Daniels. In September, Rosie O'Donnell voiced her support for Spears in a CNN special report on the conservatorship, stating that she tried to reach out to Spears on multiple occasions. That month, Jimmy Kimmel also commented on the case. In October, Spears also received support from Olivia Rodrigo and Adele.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: Other celebrity conservatorships facing similar scrutiny are those of actresses Amanda Bynes and Nichelle Nichols. Nichols's conservatorship dispute has been discussed at #FreeBritney rallies.


title: Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

text: The conservatorship dispute has been examined in multiple documentary films and television episodes. These include MTV's "" (2008), the Emmy–nominated "New York Times" documentary "Framing Britney Spears" (2021), and the BBC's "The Battle for Britney: Fans, Cash and a Conservatorship" (2021). On September 24, 2021, "The New York Times" released a follow-up documentary to "Framing Britney Spears", titled "Controlling Britney Spears", as another part of their FX and Hulu series "The New York Times Presents". A feature-length Netflix documentary, titled "Britney vs Spears", was released on September 28, 2021. The 2020 Netflix film "I Care a Lot", starring Rosamund Pike, Peter Dinklage, and Eiza González, involves a conservator "crafting a devious system of financial and emotional exploitation"; the film's premise has often been likened to Spears's situation. Similarly, Spears's alleged exploitation and abuse within the conservatorship has been compared to events taking place in the episode "Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too" of the "Black Mirror" anthology series, starring Miley Cyrus.


title: Parsing

text: Parsing, syntax analysis, or syntactic analysis is the process of analyzing a string of symbols, either in natural language, computer languages or data structures, conforming to the rules of a formal grammar. The term "parsing" comes from Latin "pars" ("orationis"), meaning part (of speech).


title: Parsing

text: The term has slightly different meanings in different branches of linguistics and computer science. Traditional sentence parsing is often performed as a method of understanding the exact meaning of a sentence or word, sometimes with the aid of devices such as sentence diagrams. It usually emphasizes the importance of grammatical divisions such as subject and predicate.


title: Parsing

text: Within computational linguistics the term is used to refer to the formal analysis by a computer of a sentence or other string of words into its constituents, resulting in a parse tree showing their syntactic relation to each other, which may also contain semantic and other information (p-values). Some parsing algorithms may generate a "parse forest" or list of parse trees for a syntactically ambiguous input.


title: Parsing

text: The term is also used in psycholinguistics when describing language comprehension. In this context, parsing refers to the way that human beings analyze a sentence or phrase (in spoken language or text) "in terms of grammatical constituents, identifying the parts of speech, syntactic relations, etc." This term is especially common when discussing which linguistic cues help speakers interpret garden-path sentences.


title: Parsing

text: Within computer science, the term is used in the analysis of computer languages, referring to the syntactic analysis of the input code into its component parts in order to facilitate the writing of compilers and interpreters. The term may also be used to describe a split or separation.


title: Parsing

text: The traditional grammatical exercise of parsing, sometimes known as "clause analysis", involves breaking down a text into its component parts of speech with an explanation of the form, function, and syntactic relationship of each part. This is determined in large part from study of the language's conjugations and declensions, which can be quite intricate for heavily inflected languages. To parse a phrase such as 'man bites dog' involves noting that the singular noun 'man' is the subject of the sentence, the verb 'bites' is the third person singular of the present tense of the verb 'to bite', and the singular noun 'dog' is the object of the sentence. Techniques such as sentence diagrams are sometimes used to indicate relation between elements in the sentence.


title: Parsing

text: Parsing was formerly central to the teaching of grammar throughout the English-speaking world, and widely regarded as basic to the use and understanding of written language. However, the general teaching of such techniques is no longer current.


title: Parsing

text: In some machine translation and natural language processing systems, written texts in human languages are parsed by computer programs. Human sentences are not easily parsed by programs, as there is substantial ambiguity in the structure of human language, whose usage is to convey meaning (or semantics) amongst a potentially unlimited range of possibilities but only some of which are germane to the particular case. So an utterance "Man bites dog" versus "Dog bites man" is definite on one detail but in another language might appear as "Man dog bites" with a reliance on the larger context to distinguish between those two possibilities, if indeed that difference was of concern. It is difficult to prepare formal rules to describe informal behaviour even though it is clear that some rules are being followed.


title: Parsing

text: In order to parse natural language data, researchers must first agree on the grammar to be used. The choice of syntax is affected by both linguistic and computational concerns; for instance some parsing systems use lexical functional grammar, but in general, parsing for grammars of this type is known to be NP-complete. Head-driven phrase structure grammar is another linguistic formalism which has been popular in the parsing community, but other research efforts have focused on less complex formalisms such as the one used in the Penn Treebank. Shallow parsing aims to find only the boundaries of major constituents such as noun phrases. Another popular strategy for avoiding linguistic controversy is dependency grammar parsing.


title: Parsing

text: Most modern parsers are at least partly statistical; that is, they rely on a corpus of training data which has already been annotated (parsed by hand). This approach allows the system to gather information about the frequency with which various constructions occur in specific contexts. "(See machine learning.)" Approaches which have been used include straightforward PCFGs (probabilistic context-free grammars), maximum entropy, and neural nets. Most of the more successful systems use "lexical" statistics (that is, they consider the identities of the words involved, as well as their part of speech). However such systems are vulnerable to overfitting and require some kind of smoothing to be effective.


title: Parsing

text: Parsing algorithms for natural language cannot rely on the grammar having 'nice' properties as with manually designed grammars for programming languages. As mentioned earlier some grammar formalisms are very difficult to parse computationally; in general, even if the desired structure is not context-free, some kind of context-free approximation to the grammar is used to perform a first pass. Algorithms which use context-free grammars often rely on some variant of the CYK algorithm, usually with some heuristic to prune away unlikely analyses to save time. "(See chart parsing.)" However some systems trade speed for accuracy using, e.g., linear-time versions of the shift-reduce algorithm. A somewhat recent development has been parse reranking in which the parser proposes some large number of analyses, and a more complex system selects the best option. In natural language understanding applications, semantic parsers convert the text into a representation of its meaning.


title: Parsing

text: In psycholinguistics, parsing involves not just the assignment of words to categories (formation of ontological insights), but the evaluation of the meaning of a sentence according to the rules of syntax drawn by inferences made from each word in the sentence (known as connotation). This normally occurs as words are being heard or read. Consequently, psycholinguistic models of parsing are of necessity "incremental", meaning that they build up an interpretation as the sentence is being processed, which is normally expressed in terms of a partial syntactic structure. Creation of initially wrong structures occurs when interpreting garden-path sentences.


title: Parsing

text: Discourse analysis examines ways to analyze language use and semiotic events. Persuasive language may be called rhetoric.


title: Parsing

text: A parser is a software component that takes input data (frequently text) and builds a data structure – often some kind of parse tree, abstract syntax tree or other hierarchical structure, giving a structural representation of the input while checking for correct syntax. The parsing may be preceded or followed by other steps, or these may be combined into a single step. The parser is often preceded by a separate lexical analyser, which creates tokens from the sequence of input characters; alternatively, these can be combined in scannerless parsing. Parsers may be programmed by hand or may be automatically or semi-automatically generated by a parser generator. Parsing is complementary to templating, which produces formatted "output." These may be applied to different domains, but often appear together, such as the scanf/printf pair, or the input (front end parsing) and output (back end code generation) stages of a compiler.


title: Parsing

text: The input to a parser is often text in some computer language, but may also be text in a natural language or less structured textual data, in which case generally only certain parts of the text are extracted, rather than a parse tree being constructed. Parsers range from very simple functions such as scanf, to complex programs such as the frontend of a C++ compiler or the HTML parser of a web browser. An important class of simple parsing is done using regular expressions, in which a group of regular expressions defines a regular language and a regular expression engine automatically generating a parser for that language, allowing pattern matching and extraction of text. In other contexts regular expressions are instead used prior to parsing, as the lexing step whose output is then used by the parser.


title: Parsing

text: The use of parsers varies by input. In the case of data languages, a parser is often found as the file reading facility of a program, such as reading in HTML or XML text; these examples are markup languages. In the case of programming languages, a parser is a component of a compiler or interpreter, which parses the source code of a computer programming language to create some form of internal representation; the parser is a key step in the compiler frontend. Programming languages tend to be specified in terms of a deterministic context-free grammar because fast and efficient parsers can be written for them. For compilers, the parsing itself can be done in one pass or multiple passes – see one-pass compiler and multi-pass compiler.


title: Parsing

text: The implied disadvantages of a one-pass compiler can largely be overcome by adding fix-ups, where provision is made for code relocation during the forward pass, and the fix-ups are applied backwards when the current program segment has been recognized as having been completed. An example where such a fix-up mechanism would be useful would be a forward GOTO statement, where the target of the GOTO is unknown until the program segment is completed. In this case, the application of the fix-up would be delayed until the target of the GOTO was recognized. Conversely, a backward GOTO does not require a fix-up, as the location will already be known.


title: Parsing

text: Context-free grammars are limited in the extent to which they can express all of the requirements of a language. Informally, the reason is that the memory of such a language is limited. The grammar cannot remember the presence of a construct over an arbitrarily long input; this is necessary for a language in which, for example, a name must be declared before it may be referenced. More powerful grammars that can express this constraint, however, cannot be parsed efficiently. Thus, it is a common strategy to create a relaxed parser for a context-free grammar which accepts a superset of the desired language constructs (that is, it accepts some invalid constructs); later, the unwanted constructs can be filtered out at the semantic analysis (contextual analysis) step.


title: Parsing

text: The following code, however, is syntactically valid in terms of the context-free grammar, yielding a syntax tree with the same structure as the previous, but violates the semantic rule requiring variables to be initialized before use:


title: Parsing

text: The following example demonstrates the common case of parsing a computer language with two levels of grammar: lexical and syntactic.


title: Parsing

text: The first stage is the token generation, or lexical analysis, by which the input character stream is split into meaningful symbols defined by a grammar of regular expressions. For example, a calculator program would look at an input such as "codice_1" and split it into the tokens codice_2, codice_3, codice_4, codice_5, codice_6, codice_7, codice_8, codice_9, codice_10, each of which is a meaningful symbol in the context of an arithmetic expression. The lexer would contain rules to tell it that the characters codice_3, codice_6, codice_9, codice_4 and codice_8 mark the start of a new token, so meaningless tokens like "codice_16" or "codice_17" will not be generated.


title: Parsing

text: The next stage is parsing or syntactic analysis, which is checking that the tokens form an allowable expression. This is usually done with reference to a context-free grammar which recursively defines components that can make up an expression and the order in which they must appear. However, not all rules defining programming languages can be expressed by context-free grammars alone, for example type validity and proper declaration of identifiers. These rules can be formally expressed with attribute grammars.


title: Parsing

text: The final phase is semantic parsing or analysis, which is working out the implications of the expression just validated and taking the appropriate action. In the case of a calculator or interpreter, the action is to evaluate the expression or program; a compiler, on the other hand, would generate some kind of code. Attribute grammars can also be used to define these actions.


title: Parsing

text: The "task" of the parser is essentially to determine if and how the input can be derived from the start symbol of the grammar. This can be done in essentially two ways:


title: Parsing

text: LL parsers and recursive-descent parser are examples of top-down parsers that cannot accommodate left recursive production rules. Although it has been believed that simple implementations of top-down parsing cannot accommodate direct and indirect left-recursion and may require exponential time and space complexity while parsing ambiguous context-free grammars, more sophisticated algorithms for top-down parsing have been created by Frost, Hafiz, and Callaghan which accommodate ambiguity and left recursion in polynomial time and which generate polynomial-size representations of the potentially exponential number of parse trees. Their algorithm is able to produce both left-most and right-most derivations of an input with regard to a given context-free grammar.


title: Parsing

text: An important distinction with regard to parsers is whether a parser generates a "leftmost derivation" or a "rightmost derivation" (see context-free grammar). LL parsers will generate a leftmost derivation and LR parsers will generate a rightmost derivation (although usually in reverse).


title: Parsing

text: Some "" algorithms have been designed for visual programming languages. Parsers for visual languages are sometimes based on graph grammars.


title: Parsing

text: Adaptive parsing algorithms have been used to construct "self-extending" natural language user interfaces.


title: Parsing

text: The simplest parser APIs read the entire input file, do some intermediate computation, and then write the entire output file.


title: Parsing

text: Those simple parsers won't work when there isn't enough memory to store the entire input file or the entire output file.


title: Parsing

text: Lookahead establishes the maximum incoming tokens that a parser can use to decide which rule it should use. Lookahead is especially relevant to LL, LR, and LALR parsers, where it is often explicitly indicated by affixing the lookahead to the algorithm name in parentheses, such as LALR(1).


title: Parsing

text: Most programming languages, the primary target of parsers, are carefully defined in such a way that a parser with limited lookahead, typically one, can parse them, because parsers with limited lookahead are often more efficient. One important change to this trend came in 1990 when Terence Parr created ANTLR for his Ph.D. thesis, a parser generator for efficient LL("k") parsers, where "k" is any fixed value.


title: Parsing

text: LR parsers typically have only a few actions after seeing each token. They are shift (add this token to the stack for later reduction), reduce (pop tokens from the stack and form a syntactic construct), end, error (no known rule applies) or conflict (does not know whether to shift or reduce).


title: Parsing

text: Most programming languages (except for a few such as APL and Smalltalk) and algebraic formulas give higher precedence to multiplication than addition, in which case the correct interpretation of the example above is .


title: Parsing

text: Note that Rule4 above is a semantic rule. It is possible to rewrite the grammar to incorporate this into the syntax. However, not all such rules can be translated into syntax.


title: Parsing

text: The parse tree generated is correct and simply than non-lookahead parsers. This is the strategy followed in LALR parsers.


title: Malik (film)

text: Malik () is a 2021 Indian Malayalam-language political thriller film directed, written and edited by Mahesh Narayanan. It was produced by Anto Joseph through Anto Joseph Film Company along with Carnival Movie Network. The film stars Fahadh Faasil with Nimisha Sajayan, Vinay Forrt Jalaja, Joju George, Dileesh Pothan and Indrans in supporting roles. The music was composed by Sushin Shyam.


title: Malik (film)

text: Principal photography began on 3 September 2019 and completed on 18 January 2020, with major portions filmed across Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram and Lakshadweep. Cinematography was handled by Sanu John Varghese. The film's theatrical release was postponed multiple times due to COVID-19 pandemic, and was later opted for an OTT release through Amazon Prime Video on 15 July 2021. The plot of the film might be loosely based on the 2009 Beemapally police shooting.


title: Malik (film)

text: The theatrical release of "Malik" was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was released on Amazon Prime Video on 15 July 2021 as a result of non-existent theatrical releases due to COVID-19 pandemic. It received acclaim from critics praising the characterisation and performances of the lead cast members especially that of Faasil's performance with many critics saying it as his career's best, direction, story, screenplay, music, cinematography and other major technical aspects of the film.


title: Malik (film)

text: Ahammadali Sulaiman is the godfather of Ramadapally, a coastal town in Thiruvananthapuram where Muslims and Christians live together. He prepares to undertake the Hajj pilgrimage in his middle years on the insistence of his Christian wife Roselyn. Ali and his friend Aboobacker, a political leader, are on the verge of fallout over land acquisition from the locals for a harbour project. At the airport, the police arrest Ali under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA).


title: Malik (film)

text: The police assign Shibu, a goon to kill Ali in custody extrajudicially but he dies in an explosion. They then intimidate Freddy, a juvenile arrested for throwing steel bombs at the police, into doing it. Freddy is the son of David Christudas, Roselyn's elder brother and Sulaiman's nephew. David was a friend of Ali's but now holds a grudge against him.


title: Malik (film)

text: On the police's insistence, Ali's mother Jameela meets Freddy. In the 1960s, the Muslims and Christians of Ramadapally lived in harmony. The Christian fishermen community primarily lived in its Edavathura suburb. Ali, David, Peter and Hameed dropped out of school and engaged in petty crimes, working for Chandran, a local goon. Chandran disowned them after Ali sends trash dumped at the local mosque back to the disposers. Ali and his friends started smuggling on their own and he sets up his own shop.


title: Malik (film)

text: Ali's earnestness impressed the sub-collector Anwar Ali. Ali asked Anwar to clear the garbage dump and build a school there. Wanting to settle scores, Chandran sets fire to their godown and the children working there die. Ali kills Chandran in retaliation. Anwar questions Ali, who confesses to his crime, and challenges Anwar to arrest him before Ramadapally's residents. Forced to leave, Anwar extracted a promise from Jameela to testify against Ali. Jameela asks Freddy not to kill Ali and says he should be brought before the law. David and his wife visit Freddy in jail and Freddy enquires why David hates Ali.


title: Malik (film)

text: A look out notice was issued against Ali and he absconded to Minicoy, Lakshadweep along with David and Roselyn. Ali and Roselyn are married with David's approval. Ali gained Roselyn's approval to raise their children as Muslims. When David returned to the coast, David's father told him that the police beat their men and raped their women. Anwar told David that the Muslims reaped the benefits and the consequences were suffered by the coastal Christian fishermen. David was appalled but conflicted. He convinced Ali to appear before the court. Ali's mother gave a statement against Ali and he was remanded for three months. Roselyn gave birth to a boy who David named Antony and performed his baptism. When Ali is released, he interrupts the ritual and shouts at David. He names his son Ameer. David is aggrieved and ends his friendship with Ali.


title: Malik (film)

text: Ali received a consignment of smuggled weapons which he refused and hid under a pit. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake strikes and causes disproportionate losses to the Christian fishermen community there. Ali engages in the humanitarian efforts. He continually opposes development projects that displace the locals. Anwar, the police, and MLA P. A. Aboobacker, who is playing both sides for the land acquisition, manipulated David into starting a riot at the mosque premises during Uroos celebrations. Aboo's goons murder a fellow and pin it on David, leading to a fight between Christians and Muslims. Ameer was killed in police firing. Some of the local goons use the hidden weapons and a bloody riot occurs. Ali's supporters ride a car over Anwar. David is shot by Ali's goons and becomes disabled.


title: Malik (film)

text: David and his wife ask Freddy to follow through with his task. He is transferred into Ali's cell. Freddy attempts to strangle Ali during Fajr prayer but fails. Ali breaks down and blames David for his son's death and the riots. Ali suffers a panic attack. The jail doctor arrives and strangles Ali, declaring him dead by suicide. The doctor is Anwar's daughter, who is bedridden with full-body paralysis.


title: Malik (film)

text: Freddy is released from jail and enters the mosque where Ali's last rites are performed. He throws a stone at Aboobacker who was inciting communal violence in Ali's name. In a mid-credits scene, Anwar reveals to the media that the riots at Ramadapally were instigated by the police with the help of the government.


title: Malik (film)

text: Following "Take Off" (2017), Mahesh Narayanan started working on his second directorial with Dulquer Salmaan in the lead. However, that project was put on hold and he moved on to another film. In May 2019, it was reported that Mahesh has cast Fahadh Faasil and Parvathy Thiruvothu in his new film, whom he had directed in "Take Off". Sanu John Varghese was hired as cinematographer and Sushin Shyam as the composer, who revealed the film's title as "Malik". The filmmakers announced an ensemble cast of Biju Menon, Nimisha Sajayan, Vinay Forrt, Jalaja, Dileesh Pothan and Indrans being part of the project, while Menon was replaced by Joju George in December. It was reportedly made under an estimated budget of crore, becoming Fahadh's most expensive film to date. According to Narayan, "at its core, "Malik" is a political thriller".


title: Malik (film)

text: Reports had claimed that Fahadh plays a role of a politician named Sulaimaan Malik. His role was rumoured to be similar of Michael Corleone in "The Godfather" (1972) portrayed by Al Pacino or Velu Naicker in "Nayakan" (1987) portrayed by Kamal Haasan. But Narayanan said that his role is based on a real-life person who died in 1986. Since the plot is based on land acquisition cases in the coastal regions of Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, Mahesh had stated that "The film revolves around a place where there was a resistance against this constant threat of displacement of a minority community, and a person who was responsible for making his people rise up", further describing his character as "someone who emerged as a leader among the community".


title: Malik (film)

text: The film revolves around Sulaimaan's character spanning from the age of 21 to 58, and Fahadh shed 10 to 15 kilograms, for the younger version of his character. The aged Sulaimaan's look was inspired by Faasil's grandfather. It was after experimenting with different looks that Mahesh zeroed in on Fahadh's grandfather. He said the "biggest challenge" of Fahadh was to shoot the younger portions, as he had to lose weight. The film was shot chronologically from aged to young as he lost weight.


title: Malik (film)

text: Principal photography began on 3 September 2019 in Fort Kochi. Production designer Santhosh Raman recreated an entire coastal town in Kalamassery replicating 1980s, where a major part of the film was shot, and another set was created in Thiruvananthapuram. Since the film has large crowd scenes and handling crowd in real locations is difficult, they shot the film in a fictional location created by them, in a controlled environment. Hollywood stunt choreographer Lee Whittaker was part of the crew. Filming was completed on 18 January 2020 and post-production works began soon after its completion. The team took two months for visual effects and 95 percent of post-production works were completed before the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India. The team resumed the work later in May 2020.


title: Malik (film)

text: The music is composed, produced and arranged by Sushin Shyam with lyrics penned by Anwar Ali and Sameer Binsi.


title: Malik (film)

text: An album containing the background score for the film was released separately by Anto Joseph Film Company in 2021. It contains instrumental pieces by Sushin Shyam.


title: Malik (film)

text: The film was initially scheduled for theatrical release in April 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Unlike other South Indian films, which opted for a digital release during the pandemic, the producers of "Malik" waited for a theatrical release refuting offers from OTT platforms. In December 2020, a new release date of 13 May 2021 (Eid-al-Fitr weekend) was announced, with Narayanan stating that he hopes audience may start coming to theatres by April and May. The film was censored by the Central Board of Film Certification in December 2020, along with 46 other Malayalam films.


title: Malik (film)

text: Theatrical release was delayed again due to the second wave of COVID-19. Due to the uncertainty and with the rise of COVID-19 cases across Kerala, producer Anto Joseph decided to sell "Malik" to streaming service Amazon Prime Video for . Fahadh Faasil said that the decision was collective. "Malik" became the one of most-awaited theatrical releases to have a direct online release, following "Drishyam 2". The film was released on 15 July 2021 on Prime Video.


title: Malik (film)

text: The film has been invited at the 51st International Film Festival Rotterdam to be held from 26 January to 6 February 2022.


title: Malik (film)

text: "Malik" received critical acclaim from critics, most of them praising the performance of cast, direction and cinematography. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 90% of critics have given the film a positive review based on ten reviews, with an average rating of 6.90/10. Sushin Shyam's composition and score also earned a positive response.


title: Malik (film)

text: The Times of India rated 3 out of 5 and wrote: "At a running time of 160 minutes, there are moments when the film lags and bits that seem a bit of a stretch and unclear ... The film is a bit long and has some confusing bits, but on the positive side, Malik reflects important issues of our times in a compelling manner". "Firstpost" rated 4 out of 5 and said that it is "a grand, gripping saga on tricky communal ground ... this is a challenging film, demanding as much from the viewer as it offers. Glancing away for a second could cost you, which is fair enough, but in one sphere the script could have done better", also praised the acting. "The Hindu" stated that the film is a "multi-layered mass entertainer, with fantastic character arcs and performances ... The script subtly looks at how extremists as well as power-hungry elements in every religion try to create and widen fissures with other communities", and also appreciated the cinematography and score. Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion South wrote "Malik follows the Godfather template but the various touches given to characters and events percolate all the way down to make the film a very local one...Malik is one of those movies that would continue to reveal as you rewatch it because it’s densely packed with information. It’s a spectacle, not a grand spectacle but an intimate one. Malik proves that often great cinema is not about what’s being told but instead about how it’s told. In other words, form is more important than content."


title: Malik (film)

text: "The Federal" wrote: "The cinematic craft behind ‘Malik’ towers over everything else ... It is a long-drawn-out, complex film with a significant political statement to make ... Though the director denies it, the film seems to be clearly linked to the 2009 Beemapally police shooting. "The News Minute" rated 4 out of 5 and wrote: "Malik appears to be loosely based on the Beemapally riots of 2009 ... The plot examines the relationship between religion, politics, gender and individual ambitions. It’s a complicated mix, but Mahesh steers the screenplay expertly, without plunging the viewer into confusion".


title: Malik (film)

text: In reality, the Home Department and Police under the then Home Minister Kodiyeri Balakrishnan in leftist government led by V. S. Achuthanandan were responsible for the 2009 Beemapally police shooting. A Judicial Commission was setup to probe the shooting it was found that the mob had tried to attack a Christian Church which was housing about 50 people. This was what led to the shooting. According to the report the mob also thrown bombs at the police. The judicial commission report rejected allegations that the police firing is unjustifiable and concluded that it was the police action which prevented a large scale communal riot.


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: Carney Chibueze Chukwuemeka (born 20 October 2003) is a professional football player. He was born in Austria to Nigerian parents and then later moved and was raised in Northampton, England. He plays as a midfielder for club Chelsea. Chukwuemeka is a product of the Aston Villa and Northampton Town academies. He has represented England in International Football at youth levels.


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: Chukwuemeka joined the Aston Villa academy from the Northampton Town academy in March 2016. He signed his first professional contract with Villa in July 2020.


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: Chukwuemeka made his senior debut for the team on 19 May 2021 in a 2–1 away victory over Tottenham Hotspur, hitting the post within minutes of entering the game. On 23 May 2021, he was named Aston Villa Academy Player of the Season for the 2020–21 season. The following day, Chukwuemeka was part of the Aston Villa U18s squad that won the FA Youth Cup, beating Liverpool U18s 2–1 in the final.


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: Chukwuemeka made his first senior start on 28 August 2021 in a 1–1 draw against Brentford, a performance Paul Merson hailed as "outstanding", adding "he will be an absolute star".


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: On 2 August 2022, Aston Villa and Chelsea confirmed that the clubs had reached an agreement for the permanent transfer of Chukwuemeka, subject to the player agreeing personal terms and undergoing a medical. On 4 August 2022, Chelsea announced the signing of Chukwuemeka on a six-year contract.


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: Chukwuemeka is eligible to play for the national teams of Austria, England, Nigeria. After making two appearances for England U17 national team, on 29 March 2021, he made his debut for the England U18 squad in 2–0 victory over Wales.


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: On 2 September 2021, Chukwuemeka made his debut for the England U19s during a 2–0 victory over Italy U19s at St. George's Park, he also captained the side. On 10 November 2021, he scored his first englandU19 goal, in a 4–0 victory over Andorra U19 in a 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualification match.


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: On 17 June 2022, Chukwuemeka was named in the England squad for the 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship finals. Chukwuemeka featured in every game of their tournament, scoring in group stage victories against Austria and Serbia. On 1 July 2022, he scored the second goal in England's 3–1 extra time victory over Israel in the final.


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: On 21 September 2022, Chukwuemeka made his England U20 debut during a 3–0 victory over Chile at the Pinatar Arena.


title: Carney Chukwuemeka

text: Chukwuemeka is of Igbo descent. He was born in Austria to Nigerian parents and then later moved and was raised in Northampton, England. His older brother Caleb plays for Crawley Town.


title: Asylum Records

text: Asylum Records is an American record label, founded in 1971 by David Geffen and partner Elliot Roberts. It was taken over by Warner Communications (now the Warner Music Group) in 1972, and later merged with Elektra Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records.


title: Asylum Records

text: After previous incarnations, it is geared primarily towards hip-hop, along with rock and alternative metal. It is owned and distributed by Warner Music Group.


title: Asylum Records

text: Asylum was founded in 1971 by David Geffen, and partner Elliot Roberts, both of whom had previously worked as agents at the William Morris Agency, and operated a folk/rock label. They had also previously founded their own management company. While unsuccessfully pitching a recording contract for their client Jackson Browne to Atlantic Records president Ahmet Ertegun, Geffen said, "You'll make a lot of money." Ertegun replied, "You know what, David, I have a lot of money. Why don't you start a record company and then you'll have a lot of money." A deal was then struck in which Ertegun would put up the initial funds, Atlantic Records would distribute Asylum Records, and the profits would be split 50/50.


title: Asylum Records

text: Although they knew they would sign Browne, the first act that Geffen asked to join the label was his close friend Laura Nyro, whose career he was managing at the time. Nyro initially agreed, but without Geffen's knowledge she changed her mind and re-signed with Columbia Records. Geffen said it was the biggest betrayal of his life up to that point and that he "cried for days".


title: Asylum Records

text: Asylum's early releases were distributed by Atlantic Records. The same year, Asylum signed Jo Jo Gunne, Linda Ronstadt, John David Souther, Judee Sill, David Blue, Joni Mitchell and Glenn Frey (whom Geffen encouraged to form the Eagles, with Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, and Randy Meisner). In 1972, then folk-based singer/songwriter Tom Waits signed with the label, releasing his debut, "Closing Time", in 1973. His seventh and final album for the label, "Heartattack and Vine", was released in 1980. Former Creedence Clearwater Revival frontman John Fogerty signed with the label in 1974. The biggest coup for Asylum was signing Bob Dylan, who had been with Columbia Records since the early 1960s but who, after a falling-out with the company, was shopping around for a new label. Dylan recorded two albums, "Planet Waves" and the live "Before the Flood", for Asylum before returning to Columbia. Columbia reissued Dylan's two Asylum albums in 1981.


title: Asylum Records

text: Asylum was taken over by Warner Communications in 1973 and merged with Elektra Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records. David Geffen and Elliot Roberts each received $2 million in cash and $5 million in Warner Communications stock, thereby becoming two of the company's largest shareholders. Geffen served as president and chairman of Elektra/Asylum Records until 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named vice-chairman of Warner Bros. One of Asylum's most prominent signings after Geffen's departure was Warren Zevon, who released a series of successful and critically acclaimed LPs for the label; his self-titled 1976 label debut has been called the best California rock album of the decade.


title: Asylum Records

text: By the early 1980s, although the copyright lines on albums still read "Elektra/Asylum Records" or "Elektra/Asylum/Nonesuch Records", Elektra was becoming the more prominent of the two labels with Asylum turning into a secondary imprint. By the middle of the decade, the company was unofficially calling itself Elektra Records, and in 1989 it was renamed Elektra Entertainment. By this time Asylum's remaining acts had been shifted to the Elektra roster, although catalog recordings and reissues continued to be sold with the Asylum label on them.


title: Asylum Records

text: Asylum was reformatted into a country music label, still operated by Elektra, in 1992. Under the new format, Asylum scored successful recordings by such acts as Emmylou Harris, Brother Phelps, Thrasher Shiver, Kevin Sharp, Bryan White, and Lila McCann. They also produced many critically acclaimed albums by artists such as Mandy Barnett, Guy Clark, The Cox Family, Bob Woodruff, John Douglas Myers (JD Myers) and Jamie Hartford. By the end of the decade, however, mismanagement and a lack of promotion money led to the dissolution of the Asylum country label.


title: Asylum Records

text: In 2003, Mike Curb, head of Curb Records, revived the Nashville division of Asylum, forming a new label known as Asylum-Curb. LeAnn Rimes, Clay Walker, Lee Brice, Rio Grand, Hank Williams, Jr. and Wynonna were among the artists on the Asylum-Curb division.


title: Asylum Records

text: After being dormant for several years, Asylum Records was revived as an urban music-based label in 2004, with some of its releases distributed in conjunction with Warner Bros. Records and others through Atlantic Records. In 2006, WMG shifted Asylum to operate under their newly created Independent Label Group, which also comprises Cordless Recordings and East West Records. In December 2006, Asylum Records announced the signing of Atlanta, Georgia-based metal band Sevendust, the first non-hip-hop artist to be signed to the newly reconfigured label. On March 30, 2009, Asylum president and CEO Todd Moscowitz was promoted to co-president of Warner Bros. Records Inc. Subsequently, Asylum was detached from the Independent Label Group and operated under Warner Bros. from 2009 to 2013 before being moved to Atlantic. Cee Lo Green was signed to the label as well as New Boyz and Ed Sheeran. The label achieved its first number 1 hit on the UK Singles Chart with "Feel the Love" by Rudimental in May 2012. The label was relaunched in the US in 2017, operating separately from the UK label.


title: Gluon

text: A gluon ( ) is an elementary particle that acts as the exchange particle (or gauge boson) for the strong force between quarks. It is analogous to the exchange of photons in the electromagnetic force between two charged particles. Gluons bind quarks together, forming hadrons such as protons and neutrons.


title: Gluon

text: Gluons are vector gauge bosons that mediate strong interactions of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Gluons themselves carry the color charge of the strong interaction. This is unlike the photon, which mediates the electromagnetic interaction but lacks an electric charge. Gluons therefore participate in the strong interaction in addition to mediating it, making QCD significantly harder to analyze than quantum electrodynamics (QED).


title: Gluon

text: The gluon is a vector boson, which means, like the photon, it has a spin of 1. While massive spin-1 particles have three polarization states, massless gauge bosons like the gluon have only two polarization states because gauge invariance requires the polarization to be transverse to the direction that the gluon is traveling. In quantum field theory, unbroken gauge invariance requires that gauge bosons have zero mass. Experiments limit the gluon's rest mass (if any) to less than a few MeV/"c". The gluon has negative intrinsic parity.


title: Gluon

text: Unlike the single photon of QED or the three W and Z bosons of the weak interaction, there are eight independent types of gluon in QCD.


title: Gluon

text: However, gluons are subject to the color charge phenomena (of which they have combinations of color and anticolor). Quarks carry three types of color charge; antiquarks carry three types of anticolor. Gluons may be thought of as carrying both color and anticolor. This gives nine "possible" combinations of color and anticolor in gluons. The following is a list of those combinations (and their schematic names):


title: Gluon

text: These are not the "actual" color states of observed gluons, but rather "effective" states. To correctly understand how they are combined, it is necessary to consider the mathematics of color charge in more detail.


title: Gluon

text: It is often said that the stable strongly interacting particles (such as the proton and the neutron, i.e. hadrons) observed in nature are "colorless", but more precisely they are in a "color singlet" state, which is mathematically analogous to a "spin" singlet state. Such states allow interaction with other color singlets, but not with other color states; because long-range gluon interactions do not exist, this illustrates that gluons in the singlet state do not exist either.


title: Gluon

text: In other words, if one could measure the color of the state, there would be equal probabilities of it being red–antired, blue–antiblue, or green–antigreen.


title: Gluon

text: There are eight remaining independent color states, which correspond to the "eight types" or "eight colors" of gluons. Because states can be mixed together as discussed above, there are many ways of presenting these states, which are known as the "color octet". One commonly used list is:


title: Gluon

text: These are equivalent to the Gell-Mann matrices. The critical feature of these particular eight states is that they are linearly independent, and also independent of the singlet state, hence 3 − 1 or 2. There is no way to add any combination of these states to produce any other, and it is also impossible to add them to make r, g, or b the forbidden singlet state. There are many other possible choices, but all are mathematically equivalent, at least equally complicated, and give the same physical results.


title: Gluon

text: Technically, QCD is a gauge theory with SU(3) gauge symmetry. Quarks are introduced as spinors in "N" flavors, each in the fundamental representation (triplet, denoted 3) of the color gauge group, SU(3). The gluons are vectors in the adjoint representation (octets, denoted 8) of color SU(3). For a general gauge group, the number of force-carriers (like photons or gluons) is always equal to the dimension of the adjoint representation. For the simple case of SU("N"), the dimension of this representation is .


title: Gluon

text: In terms of group theory, the assertion that there are no color singlet gluons is simply the statement that quantum chromodynamics has an SU(3) rather than a U(3) symmetry. There is no known "a priori" reason for one group to be preferred over the other, but as discussed above, the experimental evidence supports SU(3). If the group were U(3), the ninth (colorless singlet) gluon would behave like a "second photon" and not like the other eight gluons.


title: Gluon

text: Since gluons themselves carry color charge, they participate in strong interactions. These gluon–gluon interactions constrain color fields to string-like objects called "flux tubes", which exert constant force when stretched. Due to this force, quarks are confined within composite particles called hadrons. This effectively limits the range of the strong interaction to meters, roughly the size of a nucleon. Beyond a certain distance, the energy of the flux tube binding two quarks increases linearly. At a large enough distance, it becomes energetically more favorable to pull a quark–antiquark pair out of the vacuum rather than increase the length of the flux tube.


title: Gluon

text: Gluons also share this property of being confined within hadrons. One consequence is that gluons are not directly involved in the nuclear forces between hadrons. The force mediators for these are other hadrons called mesons.


title: Gluon

text: Although in the normal phase of QCD single gluons may not travel freely, it is predicted that there exist hadrons that are formed entirely of gluons — called glueballs. There are also conjectures about other exotic hadrons in which real gluons (as opposed to virtual ones found in ordinary hadrons) would be primary constituents. Beyond the normal phase of QCD (at extreme temperatures and pressures), quark–gluon plasma forms. In such a plasma there are no hadrons; quarks and gluons become free particles.


title: Gluon

text: Quarks and gluons (colored) manifest themselves by fragmenting into more quarks and gluons, which in turn hadronize into normal (colorless) particles, correlated in jets. As revealed in 1978 summer conferences, the PLUTO detector at the electron-positron collider DORIS (DESY) produced the first evidence that the hadronic decays of the very narrow resonance Υ(9.46) could be interpreted as three-jet event topologies produced by three gluons. Later, published analyses by the same experiment confirmed this interpretation and also the spin = 1 nature of the gluon (see also the recollection and PLUTO experiments).


title: Gluon

text: In summer 1979, at higher energies at the electron-positron collider PETRA (DESY), again three-jet topologies were observed, now interpreted as q gluon bremsstrahlung, now clearly visible, by TASSO, MARK-J and PLUTO experiments (later in 1980 also by JADE). The spin = 1 property of the gluon was confirmed in 1980 by TASSO and PLUTO experiments (see also the review). In 1991 a subsequent experiment at the LEP storage ring at CERN again confirmed this result.


title: Gluon

text: The gluons play an important role in the elementary strong interactions between quarks and gluons, described by QCD and studied particularly at the electron-proton collider HERA at DESY. The number and momentum distribution of the gluons in the proton (gluon density) have been measured by two experiments, H1 and ZEUS, in the years 1996–2007. The gluon contribution to the proton spin has been studied by the HERMES experiment at HERA. The gluon density in the proton (when behaving hadronically) also has been measured.


title: Gluon

text: Color confinement is verified by the failure of free quark searches (searches of fractional charges). Quarks are normally produced in pairs (quark + antiquark) to compensate the quantum color and flavor numbers; however at Fermilab single production of top quarks has been shown. No glueball has been demonstrated.


title: Gluon

text: Deconfinement was claimed in 2000 at CERN SPS in heavy-ion collisions, and it implies a new state of matter: quark–gluon plasma, less interactive than in the nucleus, almost as in a liquid. It was found at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven in the years 2004–2010 by four contemporaneous experiments. A quark–gluon plasma state has been confirmed at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by the three experiments ALICE, ATLAS and CMS in 2010.


title: Gluon

text: Jefferson Lab's Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, in Newport News, Virginia, is one of 10 Department of Energy facilities doing research on gluons. The Virginia lab was competing with another facility – Brookhaven National Laboratory, on Long Island, New York – for funds to build a new electron-ion collider. In December 2019 the US Department of Energy selected the Brookhaven National Laboratory to host the electron-ion collider.


title: Hello World (film)

text: , stylized as HELLO WORLD, is a 2019 Japanese animated science fiction romantic drama film directed by Tomohiko Itō from an original screenplay written by Mado Nozaki. Produced by Graphinica and distributed by Toho, the film is set in a futuristic Kyoto where a high school student named Naomi Katagaki encounters a person claiming to be himself, who time-traveled from 10 years in the future to save a classmate named Ruri Ichigyō.


title: Hello World (film)

text: The film stars Takumi Kitamura, Tōri Matsuzaka, and Minami Hamabe. In December 2018, Itō announced that he would be directing the film along with Nozaki and character animation designer Yukiko Horiguchi, making it his first film outside "Sword Art Online" series that he was known for directing.


title: Hello World (film)

text: "Hello World" premiered in Kyoto on September 11, 2019, and was released in Japan on September 20. The film grossed over worldwide, with critics praising the direction and animation. The film received novelization, two manga adaptations, and an anime spin-off.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Set in Kyoto 2027, the Japanese government has made plans to collect and preserve the city's natural architecture and culture through drones in real time, storing all its data in an infinite-capacity quantum computer known as Alltale. Naomi Katagaki is an indecisive high school student living in Kyoto who harbors a love for reading. One day after school, a mysterious "yatagarasu" steals his library book and in an attempt to get it back, he meets a strange man that appears out of nowhere. This man, whom only Naomi can see, is revealed to be himself from 10 years later, now grown up and an adult. The adult Naomi explains that he has accessed Alltale from the real world outside in order to change the recorded past and save Naomi's to-be girlfriend, his classmate Ruri Ichigyō, after she was unfortunately struck by lightning at a fireworks festival and rendered comatose. The teenage Naomi decides to call his adult self 'Sensei' and agrees to help, as his adult self has limited capabilities as an avatar within Alltale. Sensei then gifts Naomi a special power, God's Hand, which manifests from the "yatagarasu" as a translucent gloved hand, to allow him to create anything as long as its chemical and physical structure is not overly complex.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Consulting his own diary, Sensei leads Naomi to slowly gain Ruri's affection and they eventually fall in love. On the night of the incident, Naomi refuses to invite her out for the festival and remains outside her house per Sensei's orders. They realise that due to this being a world within Alltale, Sensei's interference has caused its Homeostatic System to kick in. Bots in the form of kitsune men appear attempting to correct the data, transporting Ruri and Naomi to the site of the incident. Summoning a black hole, Naomi erases not only the kitsune men, but also the stroke of lightning that would have hit the tree Ruri was originally supposed to have waited at and hence the accident, successfully rescuing Ruri and rewriting the data.


title: Hello World (film)

text: In a twist of events, Sensei suddenly reclaims God's Hand and teleports Ruri away before disappearing. Naomi is shocked as he realizes that Sensei's plan was to recreate Ruri's original mental state in Alltale so that the data within could be synced with Ruri's own comatose mind in the real world, enabling her to wake up. Returning, defeated, to the city, Naomi is suddenly faced with thousands of kitsune men — an effect of Sensei deciding to reboot the system after all data relevant to Ruri's existence has been rewritten. The system then automatically starts filtering parts of data to keep and those to be erased, causing the space within 2027 Kyoto to shift and for red auroras to appear in the sky. Naomi, recalling how Ruri was teleported away in a similar fashion, jumps into the redness. He awakes in a virtual space to the "yatagarasu", who assures him that he is not dead and promises to help him save Ruri, manifesting God's Hand for him once more.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Meanwhile, in the real world, Sensei embraces Ruri, who has woken up from a coma. However, kitsune men soon start appearing around the room targeting her, Sensei realized his world is also a world within Alltale. Teenage Naomi warps to Ruri's hospital room and prepares to bring her to the staircase outside Alltale's complex, which has the optimal spatial coordinates for them to return to their original world. With help from Sensei, they manage to outrun the kitsune men and Ruri returns to her time via a portal created by God's Hand. The kitsune men, shifting their targets to the two Naomis, transform into a horrible gigantic creature that overpowers Naomi's strength. In the last moment, Sensei sacrifices himself, knowing that there can only be one Naomi and thanking his past self for letting him see Ruri smile again, wishing for him to always be happy. Inside the Alltale Management Facility, Alltale is successfully shut down after its data goes haywire and begins to duplicate itself. Alltale logic system has been deactivated which makes it possible for a parallel world to happen inside Alltale. In tears, Naomi returns to Ruri and the two share a kiss. As the data has been written and rewritten beyond recognition, Naomi greets a parallel world ahead of him and Ruri.


title: Hello World (film)

text: In the final scene, adult Naomi awakens atop a human civilization on the Moon, to the overlapping voice of the "yatagarasu" and an adult Ruri, implying that Naomi fell into a coma after saving Ruri due to the injuries from failing to enter Alltale in his previous attempts and now it was adult Ruri transferring Naomi's memory from Alltale to the real world.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Also appearing in the film are Haruka Fukuhara as Misuzu Kadenokōji, the class idol who become friends with Ichigyō; Minako Kotobuki as Yiyi Xu, adult Katagaki's Chinese subordinate; Rie Kugimiya as the crow; and Takehito Koyasu as Tsunehisa Senko, adult Katagaki's colleague and professor at Alltale Management Facility.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Around 2015, producer Katsuhiro Takei wanted to do a science fiction-related project with Tomohiko Itō using computer graphics but there weren't many studios with the strength to do a 3DCG animated film at that time. A producer at Toho contacted Itō about making a film in 3D after finding an article he had written in a web interview at the end of 2014 regarding his desire to do a 3D film.


title: Hello World (film)

text: In December 2018, Itō revealed the title of the original anime film that he would be directing at Graphinica, which was described as an "innovative yet traditional science-fiction love story". This marked the first time Itō directing a film outside "Sword Art Online" franchise. He felt that he needed to make this film "now" with a new team in the first year of a new era, referencing the scheduled Japanese imperial transition in April 2019. Itō laid out three "pillars" in making the film: a "drama" between the present and future self, a cute "character", and the expression of the "world view" of the electronic world and virtual space. The plot of the film was revealed in April 2019 with a teaser visual.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Joining Itō are screenwriter Mado Nozaki and character animation designer Yukiko Horiguchi, who both were confirmed in December 2018. In April 2019, Takumi Kitamura, Tori Matsuzaka, and Minami Hamabe were announced to be voicing their respective roles in the film as Naomi Katagaki, an adult Katagaki, and Ruri Ichigyō. In selecting the three actors, Itō stated that he only thought about the work even though they were newcomers in the field of anime, while also revealing his fascination with Matsuzaka's voice acting in the Japanese dub version of "Paddington" (2014). Additional voice cast were announced in June 2019, including Haruka Fukuhara as Misuzu Kadenokōji, Minako Kotobuki as Yiyi Xu, Rie Kugimiya as the crow, and Takehito Koyasu as Tsunehisa Senko.


title: Hello World (film)

text: The first location scouting in Kyoto took two days in mid-December 2018 to complete, during which interviews were conducted with current high school students to research their daily lives in school. In addition to Fushimi Inari Shrine and Kyoto Tower, the crew also filmed "humble areas" such as the rooftop of the school and the interior of the classrooms. They also visited other places such as the Horikawa Gojo area to use as a reference for background layout and 3DCG modeling.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Graphinica handled the 3DCG animation, which covered a high percentage of the film despite having a lot of 2D backgrounds drawn by the background art production studio Bamboo. Graphinica's 2D animators drew the scenes with emotional expressions, while the action scenes were being filmed with camera work that only 3DCG could provide. Several cuts in the film used a combination of both such as people walking along the road instead of the main character.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Before the film's release, Kitamura revealed that it took 3 to 4 days for his lines to be recorded, experiencing a hard time to "[get] into the emotions at the beginning" due to being new with voice acting.


title: Hello World (film)

text: The music used in "Hello World" was composed by 2027Sound, a music group project intending to "[create] a new form of film music by the most interesting artists of today". The musicians involved in the project were Okamoto's, Official Hige Dandism, Nulbarich, OBKR, Yaffle, STUTS, Brian Shinsekai, and Aaamyyy. The three theme musics used in the film were by Okamoto's, by Official Hige Dandism, and "Lost Game" by Nulbarich. The film's official soundtrack was released on September 18, 2019. "Yesterday" topped the Japan Hot Animation chart on September 23, 2019.


title: Hello World (film)

text: The first special video of "Hello World" was released in May 2019, while the second one was released in June. The film was novelized by Nozaki, which was published by Shueisha Bunko on June 21, 2019. A trailer for the film was released in July 2019. The first manga adaptation of the film by Manatsu Suzuki and Yoshihiro Sono began serialization in Shueisha's "Ultra Jump" magazine on July 19, 2019, and ended on March 19, 2020. The second manga adaptation by Rippo Inukai, titled "If", was launched in "Shonen Jump+" on August 9, 2019. On November 30, 2020, Seven Seas Entertainment announced that they had licensed both the novel and the first manga adaptations of the film.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Promotional partners for the film included Bunbougu Cafe, where menus were designed to reflect the film's world could be ordered; Nakabayashi, which merchandized a Logical Air Swing notebook that was used by young Katagaki in the film; MK Taxi, which offered a pilgrimage tour around the places that were featured in the film; and Hare apparel brand.


title: Hello World (film)

text: "Hello World" held its world premiere at Higashi Hongan-ji in Kyoto on September 11, 2019, and was released in Japan on September 20. In Italy, "Hello World" was previously scheduled to be released on March 9, 2020, before it was shifted to May 4 until the film was decided to skip theaters and be released on home media on December 10 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was released in China on June 11, 2021.


title: Hello World (film)

text: "Hello World" was released on Blu-ray and DVD on April 8, 2020. The Blu-ray special edition is bundled with the light novel written by Nozaki and an anime spin-off of the film titled "Another World". The Japan Foundation Touring Film Programme released the film in the United Kingdom through their website on February 20, 2021, and again on March 1 with a 48-hour rental window.


title: Hello World (film)

text: "Hello World" grossed million in Japan and million in other territories, for a worldwide total of million.


title: Hello World (film)

text: "Hello World" earned million in its opening weekend, ranking sixth behind "No Longer Human" (2019). The film earned in its second weekend, staying in sixth; in its third weekend, coming in ninth; and in its fourth weekend, dropping out of the ranking.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Outside Japan, "Hello World" grossed in Hong Kong. The film amassed million in its opening weekend in China, earning more than its full theatrical run back in Japan.


title: Hello World (film)

text: Writing for "The Japan Times", Matt Schley described the theme of "Hello World" as either "thrill[ing] or frustrat[ing]" but commended Itō and Nozaki for keeping the story grounded despite its complexity. He praised the "well-written and charming" interaction of the characters. Melalin Mahavongtrakul of "Bangkok Post" felt that the film was "beautifully" animated, had "nice" music, and had some sequences comparable to "Inception" (2010). Karen de Vera of "Cosmopolitan Philippines" described the film as a combination of "The Matrix" films and "Black Mirror" television series in an anime high school romance setting. Kim Morrissy of Anime News Network felt that the relationship between young Katagaki and Ichigyō was "endearingly awkward" and found the plot and setting "empty and underdeveloped", while lauding the "cute" romance and the strong animation.


title: Hello World (film)

text: An anime spin-off series, titled , was announced in August 2019, which follows Katakagi's point of view from 10 years in the future. The series was produced by Hikari TV, with Itō serving as the creative supervisor, Nozaki handling the script, and Horiguchi designing the characters. Kitamura, Hamabe, Kotobuki, and Koyasu reprised their film roles for the series, with Tomoyo Kurosawa and Yoshitsugu Matsuoka joining them.


title: Hello World (film)

text: "Another World" was first released on Hikari TV's Channel+ and video-on-demand services on September 13, 2019, consisting of three episodes, and concluded on October 4.


title: Kevin Trapp

text: Kevin Christian Trapp (; born 8 July 1990) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt and the Germany national team.