title: Salinas, California

text: The John Steinbeck House was the birthplace and childhood home of author John Steinbeck, and is now home to a restaurant. The house was built in 1897 and is a Queen Anne style Victorian.


title: Salinas, California

text: Just outside the official city limits, the restored adobe dwelling constructed in 1844 by José Eusebio Boronda, rests on one of the original Mexican land grants. The Boronda Adobe is a California Historical Landmark and listed in the National Register of Historic Places and holds a museum of early Salinas and California history. Other historic buildings are located here, including the Lagunita School house John Steinbeck wrote about in "the Red Pony". The site also holds the official archive of Monterey County, open to researchers by appointment.


title: Salinas, California

text: Salinas has seven public school districts serving the city core and adjacent unincorporated areas. The largest school district in Salinas is the Salinas Union High School District (grades 7–12) with 13,578 students enrolled in 10 campuses. The Salinas City Elementary School District is the largest elementary school district in Salinas, with 13 schools and 7,954 students. Other districts include Santa Rita Union Elementary School District, Graves Elementary School District, Washington Union School District, Lagunita School District, and Alisal Union School District.


title: Salinas, California

text: Private Catholic schools in the city include the all-boys Palma School and the all-girls Notre Dame High School.


title: Salinas, California

text: Hartnell College, as well as a satellite campus of California State University, Monterey Bay, are located in Salinas.


title: Salinas, California

text: Local newspapers include "The Salinas Californian", "Monterey County Weekly" and "Monterey County Herald".


title: Salinas, California

text: Television service for the community comes from the Monterey-Salinas-Santa Cruz designated market area (DMA). KSMS-TV Channel 67, KION-TV Channel 46 and KSBW Channel 8 provide news for the area as the area's Univision, CBS, NBC and ABC affiliates.


title: Salinas, California

text: U.S. Route 101 is the major north–south highway in Salinas, linking the city to the rest of the Central Coast region, San Francisco to the north, and Los Angeles to the south. California State Route 68 heads west to Monterey, while California State Route 183 runs northwest to Castroville.


title: Salinas, California

text: Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, serves Salinas. Its "Coast Starlight" train runs daily in each direction between Seattle, Washington, and Los Angeles, stopping in Salinas.


title: Salinas, California

text: The Salinas Rail extension aims to provide weekday rail service to Gilroy and San Jose Diridon station by 2024.


title: Salinas, California

text: Public transportation via bus is provided by Monterey–Salinas Transit (MST). Public buses take passengers throughout the county, as well as San Jose and Gilroy. Buses to San Jose and Gilroy connect to Caltrain and Amtrak in those cities.


title: Salinas, California

text: Greyhound operates from the Salinas Amtrak station with service to other California cities and throughout the United States.


title: Salinas, California

text: Salinas Municipal Airport is located on the southeastern boundary of the City of Salinas, 3 miles (5 km) from the city center. It is a general aviation facility occupying , with two runways serving single and twin engine aircraft and helicopters, as well as an increasing number of turbopropeller and turbine-powered business jets.


title: Salinas, California

text: The airport has an air traffic control tower in operation twelve hours a day, seven days a week. The airport terminal is located on Mortensen Avenue and houses airport office staff as well as professional offices. The city is currently accepting proposals for leasing and operation of the restaurant located within the Terminal. Salinas Airport Commissioners agreed to a proposed project that would bring a 100-room hotel, offices and hangars to a vacant lot in front of the Salinas Municipal Airport terminal. The Salinas Jet Center would include a national chain hotel, of office space, four large complexes combining more offices with airplane hangars and a 24-hour, full-service aircraft fueling station. The project would also include a taxiway to allow planes to access the new hangars.


title: Salinas, California

text: The airport has full Instrument Landing System (ILS) and VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) located on the airport. The ILS has a Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System, with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights. The VOR approach has Runway End Identifier Lights. All but the ILS runway, RWY 31, have Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASIs).


title: Salinas, California

text: The airport is the site of the California International Airshow, set annually in the late summer or early autumn. The event draws thousands of visitors to Salinas over its three-day run.


title: Salinas, California

text: Salinas and its surrounding towns are served by Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital and Natividad Medical Center, both located in Salinas. Natividad is one of the University of California, San Francisco's teaching hospitals and is owned and operated by Monterey County. Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital and Healthcare System is a public district hospital run by an elected board of directors.


title: Salinas, California

text: Natividad Medical Center, through its affiliated Natividad Medical Foundation, offers trained medical interpreters for speakers of several Oaxacan languages (including Triqui, Mixteco, and Zapotec) as well as Spanish.


title: Tinkercad

text: Tinkercad is a free-of-charge, online 3D modeling program that runs in a web browser. Since it became available in 2011 it has become a popular platform for creating models for 3D printing as well as an entry-level introduction to constructive solid geometry in schools.


title: Tinkercad

text: Tinkercad was founded by former Google engineer Kai Backman and his cofounder Mikko Mononen, with a goal to make 3D modeling, especially the design of physical items, accessible to the general public, and allow users to publish their designs under a Creative Commons license. In 2011, the tinkercad.com website was launched as a web-based 3D modeling tool for WebGL-enabled browsers, and in 2012 the company moved its headquarters to San Francisco. By 2012 over 100,000 3D designs had been published by users.


title: Tinkercad

text: In March 2017, Autodesk recommended users of the soon to be retired 123D Sculpt migrate to Tinkercad (or Maya LT). In May, Autodesk discontinued its 123D Circuits (Circuits.io) "Electronics Lab". The program's features were merged into Tinkercad.


title: Tinkercad

text: Tinkercad uses a simplified constructive solid geometry method of constructing models. A design is made up of primitive shapes that are either "solid" or "hole". Combining solids and holes together, new shapes can be created, which in turn can be assigned the property of solid or hole. In addition to the standard library of primitive shapes, a user can create custom shape generators using a built-in JavaScript editor.


title: Tinkercad

text: Shapes can be imported in three formats: STL and OBJ for 3D, and 2-dimensional SVG shapes for extruding into 3D shapes. Tinkercad exports models in STL or OBJ formats, ready for 3D printing.


title: Tinkercad

text: Tinkercad also includes a feature to export 3D models to Minecraft Java Edition, and also offers the ability to design structures using Lego bricks.


title: Tinkercad

text: The Circuits section of Tinkercad is a simulator for an electronic circuit with a Arduino Uno or a board or a ATtiny chip in the browser. The code can be made with CodeBlocks which are graphical code pieces that can be put together by shifting them with the mouse cursor. Programming with code text is also possible.


title: Tinkercad

text: Digi-Key wrote an article in 2022 about Tinkercad how to start with Tinkercad. They call Tinkercad "intuitive".


title: Tinkercad

text: A circuit can be built with components, but there are "Starters" which are complete circuits with code.


title: Tinkercad

text: Tinkercad has included libraries for some components, such as the Adafruit Neopixel library, the Arduino Servo library and a library for a I2C display. It is not possible to select or upload other libraries.


title: Tinkercad

text: Although Tinkercad is an easy introduction into programming and electronics, it has features for advanced users:


title: Florence Kasumba

text: Florence Kasumba (born 26 October 1976) is a Ugandan-born German actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Ayo in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films "" (2016), "Black Panther" (2018), "" (2018), and "" (2022), as well as the Disney+ series "The Falcon and the Winter Soldier" (2021). She is also known for her acting in German and Dutch films. She also played Senator Acantha in "Wonder Woman" (2017), Shenzi in "The Lion King" (2019), and the Wicked Witch of the East in the NBC television series "Emerald City" (2017).


title: Florence Kasumba

text: Florence Kasumba was born on 26 October 1976 in Kampala, Uganda. She spent her childhood in Essen, Germany, where she attended elementary school and high school. After watching the musical Starlight Express at the age of 12, she was inspired to become a performer. She earned her degree in acting, singing, and dancing from Fontys University of Applied Sciences in Tilburg, the Netherlands. Kasumba is fluent in German, English, and Dutch. She resides in Berlin, Germany.


title: Florence Kasumba

text: While she was still studying in college, Kasumba landed her first professional film role, Silke, in the Dutch motion picture hit Ik ook van jou. After graduating from college, she performed in many musicals, such as "Chicago", "The Lion King", Cats, West Side Story, Evita, and Beauty and the Beast. Florence Kasumba travelled to New York City and was cast in the title role in Germany's premiere production of Elton John's international hit musical Aida. She also played Lisa in Germany's premiere cast of Mamma Mia.


title: Florence Kasumba

text: Kasumba made her Marvel Cinematic Universe debut in the 2016 film "". Her role was credited as a security guard for Black Panther, and she received widespread praise for her brief scene in which she threatens Black Widow by ordering her to "Move or you will be moved." Kasumba reprised the character, Ayo, a member of the all-female Dora Milaje fighting squad, in the "Black Panther" solo film, "," and the streaming series "The Falcon and the Winter Soldier".


title: Florence Kasumba

text: She played Senator Acantha in 2017's "Wonder Woman" and the Wicked Witch of the East in the NBC television series "Emerald City". She splits her time between U.S. and German film and TV productions.


title: Florence Kasumba

text: In 2019, Kasumba landed the character of Shenzi in the computer-animated remake, "The Lion King" (2019) directed by Jon Favreau, alongside Keegan-Michael Key and Eric André as Kamari and Azizi.


title: Florence Kasumba

text: She was nominated for the Black Entertainment Film Fashion Television & Arts Award for International Rising Star in 2016, against Lupita Nyong'o, John Boyega and Lisa Awuku. Kasumba appeared alongside Nyong'o in "Black Panther".


title: Mark Burnett

text: Mark Burnett (born 17 July 1960) is a television producer who is the former Chairman of MGM Worldwide Television Group. He is best known for creating and producing the reality shows "The Apprentice", "Survivor", "The Voice", and "Shark Tank".


title: Mark Burnett

text: Burnett-produced TV series have been nominated for a total of 143 Emmys. He has personally won twelve Emmy Awards, five Producers Guild of America Awards, ten Critics' Choice Television Awards, and nine People's Choice Awards. As of 2022, Burnett is the executive producer of five current network television shows, as well as several cable series. For five consecutive years, Burnett has been included in the Variety500, an index of the 500 most influential business leaders shaping the global media industry.


title: Mark Burnett

text: Under Burnett's leadership, MGM has expanded its cable TV business through the acquisitions of Evolution Media (e.g., "Botched", "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills", "Real Housewives of Orange County") and Big Fish Entertainment ("Live PD", "Black Ink Crew").


title: Mark Burnett

text: Burnett additionally produced the Christian media series "The Bible" and "A.D. The Bible Continues", as well as the feature films "Son of God", "Little Boy", "Woodlawn", and "Ben-Hur".


title: Mark Burnett

text: Burnett was born on 17 July 1960 in London, the only child of Archie and Jean Burnett, both Ford Motors factory workers, and was raised in Dagenham, Essex. His father was a Roman Catholic and his mother was a Presbyterian; it is not known in which denomination he was raised. At the age of 17, he enlisted in the British Army, and became a Section Commander in the Parachute Regiment. From 1978 to 1982 he served with the 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment in C Company and saw action during the Falklands War and Northern Ireland. After his service, he initially planned to go to Central America and work as a "weapons and tactics adviser".


title: Mark Burnett

text: In October 1982, Burnett emigrated to the United States, where his friend Nick Hill, who had emigrated from the UK earlier, was working as a nanny and chauffeur. Hill knew of an open position for a live-in nanny with the Jaeger family in affluent Beverly Hills. Despite having no experience as a nanny, Burnett went on the interview. The Jaegers, realizing the advantage of having a nanny and security at the same time, hired him. After a year of working for the Jaegers, he moved on to another family in Malibu, California, taking care of two boys for $250 a week. He was eventually given a position in the insurance office owned by the boys' father. Two years later, Burnett rented a portion of a fence at Venice Beach in Los Angeles, and sold T-shirts for $18 each during weekends. Realizing he made more money selling T-shirts, he left his insurance job.


title: Mark Burnett

text: In 1991, Burnett and four others joined a French adventure competition, the Raid Gauloises. Afterward, Burnett saw a business opportunity in holding similar competitions. He purchased the format rights and brought a similar competition, "Eco-Challenge", to America. Eco-Challenge launched Burnett's career as a television producer.


title: Mark Burnett

text: Burnett first produced the expedition race show "Eco-Challenge" in 1995. This led to the hit reality show "Survivor" which premiered in the summer of 2000 and was the most watched summer series since "Sonny and Cher". "Survivor" was named the Number 1 reality series of all time by Entertainment Weekly in 2009.


title: Mark Burnett

text: In 2004, NBC premiered "The Apprentice", a reality television series in which contestants competed for a job under real estate magnate and former President Donald Trump.


title: Mark Burnett

text: Burnett has produced several other television franchises including: "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?", "Shark Tank", "The Voice", "Beat Shazam", "Coupled" and "". He has maintained a strong presence in award show franchises, having produced the MTV Movie Awards (2007–2011), the annual People's Choice Awards (2010–2017), the Spike Video Game Awards (2011 & 2012) and the 2011 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards.


title: Mark Burnett

text: Burnett has produced more than 3,200 hours of television programming which regularly airs in more than 70 countries. Past shows include "Celebrity Apprentice" (NBC), "Bully Beatdown", "Combat Missions", "The Contender", "The Contender Asia", "Expedition Africa", "Expedition Impossible", "How'd You Get So Rich?", "Martha Stewart", "My Dad Is Better Than Your Dad", "On the Lot" (a collaboration with Steven Spielberg), "Pirate Master", "The Restaurant", "Rock Star", "Sarah Palin's Alaska", "Stars Earn Stripes", "Starmaker", "Toughest Cowboy", and "Wedding Day".


title: Mark Burnett

text: As well as his ongoing productions, Burnett and his wife, actress Roma Downey, produced "The Bible", a 10-hour History Channel drama based upon stories of the Bible. "The Bible" became the No. 1 new series on cable TV in 2013 and was the No. 1 series in Canada, Spain, and Portugal. In total, with subsequent airings, "The Bible" was seen by more than 100 million viewers.


title: Mark Burnett

text: After the success of "The Bible", Burnett and Downey started developing more faith-based scripted series. "A.D. The Bible Continues" premiered on NBC on Easter Sunday 2015, and "The Dovekeepers" miniseries aired on CBS in Spring 2015.


title: Mark Burnett

text: In September 2014, MGM acquired a 55 percent interest in One Three Media and LightWorkers Media. The two companies were consolidated into a new film and television company, United Artists Media Group which was then acquired fully by MGM in 2015.


title: Mark Burnett

text: In December 2015, Burnett was named president of MGM Television and Digital Group, signing a five-year deal. Burnett's appointment was set up to occur simultaneously with the closing of MGM's acquisition of the remaining 45 percent of Hearst's, Burnett's and Roma Downey's interests in United Artists Media Group (UAMG), which would be absorbed under the MGM Television Group umbrella. MGM Television would now have numerous unscripted and scripted television shows airing on network and cable or in production including: "The Voice" (NBC); "Survivor" (CBS); "Shark Tank" (ABC); "Beyond the Tank" (ABC); "Celebrity Apprentice" (NBC); "Fargo" (FX); "Vikings" (HISTORY); "Teen Wolf" (MTV); "500 Questions" (ABC); "The People's Choice Awards" (CBS); LIGHT TV, "Lucha Underground" (El Rey Network), and "America's Greatest Makers" (INTEL/Turner). In June 2018, MGM appointed Burnett as Chairman of MGM Worldwide Television.


title: Mark Burnett

text: As of 2022, Burnett is the executive producer of five network television shows: "Generation Gap" (ABC), "Beat Shazam" (FOX), "Shark Tank" (ABC), "Survivor" (CBS) and "The Voice" (NBC). Burnett is also the executive producer of the cable series "Lucha Underground" (The El Rey Network) and "The Contender" (EPIX). In 2017, Burnett had timeslot winning shows on six nights out of seven. Moreover, as Chairman of MGM Worldwide Television he oversees scripted television shows including, "Fargo" (FX), "The Handmaid's Tale" (Hulu), "Vikings" and "" (Netflix).


title: Mark Burnett

text: Burnett's first wife was Kym Gold, but that marriage only lasted about a year. Before that marriage ended he met Dianne J. Burnett ("née" Valentine) and they married in 1992; they have two sons together, James and Cameron. In 2014, Cameron survived a neuroendocrine tumor at the age of 17, had brain surgery and had to learn to walk again. He was awarded the 2015 Courage Award at the Visionary Ball which raises money each year for UCLA's Department of Neurosurgery.


title: Mark Burnett

text: The couple filed for legal separation in September 2002 and a judgment for legal separation was granted in December 2003; they divorced in 2006. In January 2004, Burnett began dating Roma Downey. In November 2006, while the two were vacationing with their children in Zihuatanejo, Mexico, he proposed to her. They wed on 28 April 2007 in their Malibu home. The ceremony was officiated by Downey's former co-star, Della Reese.


title: Mark Burnett

text: In 2004, "Time" magazine called Burnett one of the Most Influential People in the World Today. Burnett was also named "Philanthropist of the Year" by the Reality Cares Foundation. He has won both Brandweek's "Marketer of the Year Award", the prestigious Rose d'Or Frapa Format Award, the Brandon Tartikoff Legacy Award and the Norman Lear Award from the Producers Guild of America.


title: Mark Burnett

text: Burnett served for two years on the board of directors for the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In November 2007, Burnett was elected into the Broadcast & Cable Hall of Fame and in 2008, it was announced that he would be honoured with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. On 8 July 2009, Burnett received a star at 6664 Hollywood Blvd. In June 2011, Burnett was elected into the Producers Guild of America Council Board of Delegates and currently serves on the Producers Council. He is an ambassador for Operation Smile.


title: Mark Burnett

text: In 2013, the ten-hour mini-series "The Bible" received the Parents Television Council 2013 Seal of Approval. "Shark Tank", "The Voice", and "Survivor" were all nominated for Critics Choice Awards, at which the Voice won for Best Reality Series – Competition. The three shows were nominated for the Television Critics Association Awards, at which "Shark Tank" won for Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming.


title: Mark Burnett

text: In 2013, "The Voice", "Shark Tank" and "The Bible" were nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards; "The Voice" won for Outstanding Reality – Competition Program. "The Voice" and "Shark Tank" were nominated at the 2015 Critics' Choice Television Awards, at which "Shark Tank" won for Best Reality Series.


title: Mark Burnett

text: In 2014, Burnett was named the "Number 1 Reality Producer" on the "Hollywood Reporter" Reality Power List.


title: Mark Burnett

text: In 2014, Burnett and his wife Roma Downey were recipients of the Anti-Defamation League's Entertainment Industry Award. He and Downey are heavily involved with philanthropic organizations Operation Smile and Compassion International. In 2015, they partnered with the Institute for Global Engagement to launch the Cradle Fund (TCF). TCF is focused on raising $25 million to help Middle Eastern minorities displaced by ISIS to return to a home where they can practice their faith without fear. As of 2019, they have helped more than 10,000 displaced Christian refugees to relocate.


title: Mark Burnett

text: As reflected in the following chart, Burnett has been nominated for many television industry awards between 1999 and 2018, including Emmy Awards, Critics Choice Awards, Producers Guild of America Awards, People's Choice Awards, and more.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins or flozins, are a class of medications that modulate sodium-glucose transport proteins in the nephron (the functional units of the kidney), unlike SGLT1 inhibitors that perform a similar function in the intestinal mucosa. The foremost metabolic effect of this is to inhibit reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and therefore lower blood sugar. They act by inhibiting sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2). SGLT2 inhibitors are used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Apart from blood sugar control, gliflozins have been shown to provide significant cardiovascular benefit in patients with type II diabetes (T2DM). Several medications of this class have been approved or are currently under development. In studies on canagliflozin, a member of this class, the medication was found to enhance blood sugar control as well as reduce body weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: The 2022 ADA standards of medical care in diabetes include SGLT2 inhibitors as a first line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes (usually together with metformin), specifically in patients with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease or heart failure.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: A systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors demonstrated that use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a 20% reduction in death compared with placebo or no treatment. Another systematic review discussed the mechanisms by which SGLT-2 inhibitors improve cardio-renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, emphasizing the impacts in improving neural tone.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Two reviews have concluded that SGLT2 inhibitors benefit patients with atherosclerotic major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). One of those studies defined MACE as the composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Genital infections seem to be the most common adverse effect of gliflozins. In clinical trials fungal infections, urinary tract infections and osmotic diuresis were higher in patients treated with gliflozins.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: In May 2015, the FDA issued a warning that gliflozins can increase risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). By reducing glucose blood circulation, gliflozins cause less stimulation of endogenous insulin secretion or lower dose of exogenous insulin that results in diabetic ketoacidosis. They can specifically cause "euglycemic" DKA (euDKA, DKA where the blood sugar is not elevated) because of the renal tubular absorption of ketone bodies. A particularly high risk period for ketoacidosis is the perioperative period. SGLT2 inhibitors may need to be discontinued before surgery, and only recommended when someone is not unwell, is adequately hydrated and able to consume a regular diet.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: In September 2015, the FDA issued a warning related to canagliflozin (Invokana) and canagliflozin/metformin (Invokamet) due to decreased bone mineral density and therefore increased risk of bone fractures. Using gliflozins in combination therapy with metformin can lower the risk of hypoglycemia compared to other T2DM such as sulfonylureas and insulin.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Increased risk of lower limb amputation is associated with canagliflozin but further data is needed to confirm this risk associated with different gliflozins. A European Medicines Agency review concluded that there is a potential increased risk of lower limb amputation (mostly affecting the toes) in people taking canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: In August 2018, the FDA issued a warning of an increased risk of Fournier gangrene in patients using SGLT2 inhibitors. The absolute risk is considered very low.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: To lessen the risk of developing ketoacidosis (a serious condition in which the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones) after surgery, the FDA has approved changes to the prescribing information for SGLT2 inhibitor diabetes medicines to recommend they be stopped temporarily before scheduled surgery. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin should each be stopped at least three days before, and ertugliflozin should be stopped at least four days before scheduled surgery.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: In the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System an increase was reported in events of acute kidney injury associated with SGLT2 inhibitors, though data from clinical trials actually showed a reduction in such events with SGLT-2 treatment.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Interactions are important for SGLT2 inhibitors because most T2DM patients are taking many other medications. Gliflozins appear to increase the diuretic effect of thiazides, loop diuretics and related diuretics and may increase the risk of dehydration and hypotension. It is important to adjust the dose of antidiabetics if the treatment is combination therapy to avoid hypoglycemia. For example, interactions with sulfonylureas have led to severe hypoglycemia presumably due to cytochrome P450.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: A study has shown that it is safe to consume dapagliflozin along with pioglitazone, metformin, glimepiride, or sitagliptin and dose adjustment is unnecessary for either medication. It is unlikely that food intake has clinical meaningful impact on the efficacy of dapagliflozin, therefore it can be administered without regard to meals.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Sodium Glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) are proteins that occur primarily in the kidneys and play an important role in maintaining glucose balance in the blood. SGLT1 and SGLT2 are the two most known SGLTs of this family. SGLT2 is the major transport protein and promotes reabsorption from the glomerular filtration glucose back into circulation and is responsible for approximately 90% of the kidney's glucose reabsorption. SGLT2 is mainly expressed in the kidneys on the epithelial cells lining the first segment of the proximal convoluted tubule. By inhibiting SGLT2, gliflozins prevent the kidneys' reuptake of glucose from the glomerular filtrate and subsequently lower the glucose level in the blood and promote the excretion of glucose in the urine (glucosuria).


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: The mechanism of action on a cellular level is not well understood. Work is underway to define this mechanism as a prodiuretic with great promise. However, it has been shown that binding of different sugars to the glucose site affects the orientation of the aglycone in the access vestibule. So when the aglycone binds it affects the entire inhibitor. Together these mechanisms lead to a synergistic interaction. Therefore, variations in the structure of both the sugar and the aglycone are crucial for the pharmacophore of SGLT inhibitors.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Dapagliflozin is an example of an SGLT-2 inhibitor, it is a competitive, highly selective inhibitor of SGLT. It acts via selective and potent inhibition of SGLT-2, and its activity is based on each patient's underlying blood sugar control and kidney function. The results are decreased kidney reabsorption of glucose, glucosuria effect increases with higher level of glucose in the blood circulation. Therefore, dapagliflozin reduces the blood glucose concentration with a mechanism that is independent of insulin secretion and sensitivity, unlike many other antidiabetic medications. Functional pancreatic β-cells are not necessary for the activity of the medication so it is convenient for patients with diminished β-cell function.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Sodium and glucose are co-transported by the SGLT-2 protein into the tubular epithelial cells across the brush-border membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule. This happens because of the sodium gradient between the tubule and the cell and therefore provides a secondary active transport of glucose. Glucose is later reabsorbed by passive transfer of endothelial cells into the interstitial glucose transporter protein.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: The elimination half-life, bioavailability, protein binding, the blood concentration Cmax at time tmax, and other pharmacokinetic parameters of various medications of this class are present in table 2. These medications are excreted in the urine as inactive metabolites.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: In studies that were made on healthy people and people with type II diabetes mellitus, who were given dapagliflozin in either single ascending dose (SAD) or multiple ascending dose (MAD) showed results that confirmed a pharmacokinetic profile of the medication. With dose-dependent concentrations the half-life is about 12–13 hours, Tmax 1–2 hours and it is protein-bound, so the medication has a rapid absorption and minimal excretion by the kidney.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Dapagliflozin disposition is not evidently affected by BMI or body weight, therefore the pharmacokinetic findings are expected to be applicable to patients with a higher BMI. Dapagliflozin resulted in dose-dependent increases excretions in urinary glucose, up to 47g/d following single-dose administration, which can be expected from its mechanism of action, dapagliflozin.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: In some long term clinical studies that have been made on dapagliflozin, dapagliflozin was associated with a decrease in body weight which was statistically superior compared to placebo or other active comparators. It is primarily associated with caloric rather than fluid loss.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: In contrast with other anti-hyperglycemic diabetes medications, SGLT2 inhibitors enhance, rather than suppress, gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. Because SGLT2 inhibitors activate sirtuin 1 (and thus PGC-1α and FGF21), they are more cardioprotective than the other medications used to treat diabetes.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: The most common gliflozins are dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and canagliflozin. The differences in the structures is relatively small. The general structure includes a glucose sugar with an aromatic group in the β-position at the anomeric carbon. In addition to the glucose sugar moiety and the β-isomeric aryl substituent the aryl group is composed of a diarylmethylene structure.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: The synthesis of Gliflozins involves three general steps. The first one is the construction of the aryl substituent, the next one is the introduction of the aryl moiety onto the sugar or glucosylation of the aryl substituent and the last one the deprotection and modification of the arylated anomeric center of the sugar.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Phlorizin was the first type of gliflozin and it was non-selective against SGLT2/SGLT1. It is a natural O-aryl glycoside composed of a d-glucose and an aromatic ketone. However Phlorizin is very unstable, it is rapidly degraded by glucosidases in the small intestines, so it can not be used as an oral administration medication to treat diabetes. Structural modifications have been made to overcome this instability problem. The most efficient way was to conjugate aryl moiety with glucose moiety since C-glucosides are more stable in the small intestines than O-glucoside derivatives (C-C bond instead of C-O-C bond).


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: In the sugar analogues of dapagliflozin, the β-C series are more active than α-C series so it is critical that the β-configuration is at C-1 for the inhibitory activity. Both dapagliflozin and empagliflozin contain a chlorine (Cl) atom in their chemical structure. Cl is a halogen and it has a high electronegativity. This electronegativity withdraws electrons off the bonds and therefore it reduces the metabolism. The Cl atom also reduces the IC50 value of the medication so the medication has better activity. The carbon-fluorine bond (C-F) has also has a veryl low electron density.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: For example, in the chemical structure of canagliflozin a fluorine atom is connected to an aromatic ring then the compound is more stable and the metabolism of the compound is reduced.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: In the development of gliflozins the distal ring contains a thiophene ring instead of an aromatic ring. However the final chemical structures of the marketing gliflozins does not contain this thiophene ring.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: SGLT2 inhibitors increase circulating ketone body concentrations. The cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors have been attributed to the elevated ketone levels.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Gliflozins have been posited to exhibit protective effects on the heart, liver, kidneys, anti‐hyperlipidemic, anti‐atherosclerotic, anti‐obesity, anti‐neoplastic effects in "in vitro", pre‐clinical, and clinical studies. Pleiotropic effects of this class have been attributed to a variety of its pharmacodynamic actions such as natriuresis, hemoconcentration, deactivation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, ketone body formation, alterations in energy homeostasis, glycosuria, lipolysis, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidative actions.


title: SGLT2 inhibitor

text: Phlorizin is a molecule with SGLT inhibiting properties, and served an important role in the development of the gliflozin class of medications.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Konstantin Borisovich "Kostya" Tszyu (; ; born 19 September 1969) is a Russian Australian former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2005. He held multiple light-welterweight world championships, including the undisputed and lineal titles between 2001 and 2005. Tszyu was an exceptional all-around boxer-puncher who relied heavily on accuracy, timing, and carried formidable punching power; he is often regarded as one of the hardest-punching light-welterweights in the division's history.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: As an amateur, Tszyu represented the Soviet Union, winning a bronze medal in the lightweight division at the 1989 World Championships, and gold in the light-welterweight division at the 1991 World Championships. He also won consecutive gold medals at the 1989 and 1991 European Championships.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: In 1995, Tszyu won his first of many professional world championships at light-welterweight—the IBF title—by defeating Jake Rodríguez. Five successful defences were made until an upset loss to Vince Phillips in 1997, which was Tszyu's first professional defeat. He would spend the next eight years undefeated, winning the vacant WBC title in 1999 and the WBA (Super) title in 2001. Tszyu scored arguably his most famous win that year, when he knocked out Zab Judah to reclaim the IBF title, as well as the vacant "Ring" magazine and lineal titles, thus becoming the first to undisputed light-welterweight champion in over 30 years. In 2005, in what would be his final fight, Tszyu was stopped by Ricky Hatton.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu is considered by many in Australia to be a national sports hero. In "The Ring"'s March 2010 issue, Tszyu was ranked as the number one light-welterweight of the 2000s decade. In December 2010, he was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame for the Class of 2011. From 2012 to 2013 he coached professional boxers Alexander Povetkin, Denis Lebedev and Khabib Allakhverdiev.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu was born in Serov, a town near the Ural Mountains, in the former Soviet Union to a Korean (paternal)–Mongol (maternal) father and a Russian mother. Tszyu's father was a fitter in a metal factory, whereas his mother was a nurse.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: As a child, Kostya was hyperactive, so his father decided to take him to a boxing gym, where he would channel that energy by fighting older boys. He impressed the Soviet amateur team coaches and he was sent to the Soviet Union's amateur boxing travelling training camps, where he visited more than 30 countries while training and fighting in tournaments. He trained with that group 250 days a year, and won various tournaments, such as amateur boxing's world championships. At the Cuban world championship tournament in 1987, he came in second place, and at the 1988 Summer Olympics, he lost in the third round.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu was a member of the Soviet Army, but since he was selected as an "elite athlete", he was not required to serve the ordinary duty. He fought at the world championships once again, in Moscow in 1989, where he came in third place.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: In 1991, he went again to the amateur world championships, this time held in Sydney. This was a trip that would change his life forever. Not only was the third time his charm, but he felt enchanted with the sights of Sydney and its people, and decided he wanted to live in Australia. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, early the next year, Tszyu emigrated to Australia with his girlfriend, where they married in 1993 and became Australian citizens, settling in Sans Souci, Sydney. Before marrying her, though, Tszyu had already turned professional, beating Darrell Hiles by a knockout in one round on 1 March 1992, at Melbourne.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: He was the only Soviet boxer to win a gold medal at the 1991 World Championships in Sydney. Immediately at the Championships he was approached by local boxing promoters, and he has decided to pass up the 1992 Summer Olympics in favor of a professional career. A week later he had signed with Australian promoter Bill Mordey as his manager and Johnny Lewis as his trainer in Sydney. Tszyu finished his amateur career with 270 fights, 259 wins, 11 losses, no stoppages and no draws. His professional debut was scheduled to take place in January 1992. Mordey described Tszyu as the best boxer he had seen in the past decade.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu started raising his quality of opposition almost immediately. In his fourth professional bout, he met the former WBC Featherweight Champion Juan Laporte, decisioning him over ten rounds. In his sixth bout, he beat contender Sammy Fuentes by a knockout in the first. Fuentes would go on to win a world title years after being handily beaten by Tszyu in 1993, Steve Larrimore, Larry La Crousiere and Robert Rivera, went to Australia to fight Tszyu, and none lasted more than two rounds. The only man to last more than two rounds with Tszyu in 1993 was Livingstone Bramble, a former World Lightweight Champion, who lost by decision to Tszyu at Newcastle, New South Wales.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: In 1994, Héctor López, Angel Hernandez (who had just come off of a loss after challenging Julio César Chávez for the WBC belt), and Pedro Chinito Sanchez from the Dominican Republic tried to beat Tszyu, but Tszyu beat Lopez by a decision in ten, Hernandez by a knockout in seven, and Sanchez by a knockout in four. After the win against Sanchez, Tszyu was ranked number one in the light welterweight division.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: In 1995, he received his first world title shot when he fought IBF Light Welterweight Champion Jake Rodríguez at Las Vegas, Nevada. Tszyu became world champion by knocking Rodriguez out in the sixth round. He then defended the world title, beating former Super Featherweight and Light Welterweight World Champion Roger Mayweather by a decision in 12, Hugo Pineda by a knockout in 11, Cory Johnson by a knockout in four and Jan Bergman by a knockout in six. After this string of defences, Tszyu became a highly touted world Champion by many boxing magazines, and many articles about him appeared on "The Ring", "KO Magazine" and other American boxing publications.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: 1997 began for Tszyu when his defense against Leonardo Moro Mas was declared a no contest because Mas' camp protested that the blow that finished their fighter in the first round was actually thrown after referee Joe Cortez had called for a break. Undecided whether it was or was not after Cortez called for a break, the IBF and the Nevada Athletic Commission decided to declare it a no contest instead. For his next bout, however, Tszyu wasn't as lucky, and he lost for the first time, losing by a knockout in ten rounds to Vince Phillips, who also took with that, Tzsyu's world championship.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: After beating former world champions Calvin Grove (KO 1) and Rafael Ruelas (KO 9), Tszyu was given another world title try, when the WBC's belt became vacant in 1998 following Oscar De La Hoya's move to the welterweight division. Tszyu found himself twice on the canvas in round one of his fight for the interim belt against Diosbelys Hurtado, but recuperated to beat Hurtado by a knockout in five. He became world champion once again in 1999 by knocking out former world champion Miguel Ángel González in ten, and twice retained it in 2000, beating Arizona's fringe contender Ahmed Santos in eight, and a 38-year-old Mexican legend Julio César Chávez, the former world champion, in six at Phoenix, Arizona. Kostya was interviewed by Ray Wheatley on YouTube in 2011 and stated he regards his win over Miguel Angel Gonzalez as his best ever performance.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu then began pursuing his wish to unify all the belts. In 2001, he began by facing WBA Champion Sharmba Mitchell, taking the belt by a TKO after seven rounds (Mitchell suffered a knee injury in training, and during the bout). His next fight was against the German Turk, Oktay Urkal. Tszyu finished 2001 by recovering his IBF belt in a unification bout with the current champion Zab Judah, by a knockout in the second round. A small melee inside the ring followed that fight when Judah attacked referee Jay Nady for what he felt was a premature stoppage, reacting by throwing his corner's seat at the referee and even trying to choke Nady with his glove at one point. However, replays clearly show Judah walking on wobbly legs. As a result, Tszyu became the first man in 30 years to unify the belts in the light welterweight division.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu in 2002 had only one bout, beating the top-ranked contender of all three of his belts, Ben Tackie of Ghana by a decision in twelve rounds. Tszyu lost only one round on only one of the judges scorecards in a masterful display of boxing.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: On 19 January 2003, Tszyu began the year by retaining his title against former world champion Jesse James Leija by a knockout in six. After the fight, held in Melbourne, Tszyu announced that fight could be his last in Australia, due to pressure from promoters to fight in the United States (The win against Leija came on the birthday of Tszyu's son.).


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: His first fight in 2004 was supposed to have been held on 7 February in a rematch against Sharmba Mitchell. It would have been Tszyu's first fight as a professional in Moscow, but Tszyu injured his shoulder during training. He had successful surgery to correct the problem, but the injury further extended his absence from the ring. The WBA stripped Tszyu of his title for choosing to fight Mitchell instead of their regular champion, Vivian Harris, while the WBC stripped Tszyu for refusing to fight their mandatory, Gianluca Branco.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: On 6 November, he and Mitchell finally had their rematch, with Tszyu knocking Mitchell out once again, this time in three rounds. Tszyu was voted comeback fighter of the year by Ring magazine.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: He next fought on 5 June 2005, against British boxer Ricky Hatton, Tszyu lost this fight and his world title by RTD (Referee technical decision) after retiring on his stool at the end of the 11th round. He was also behind on all three cards (by 1, 3 and 5 points).


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: On 30 January 2007 rumours spread of a Tszyu comeback. However, there was no confirmation. In April 2010, rumors about a possible comeback of Tszyu spread again. He continued to train and stays in shape since his 2005 loss to Ricky Hatton. On 19 April 2010, Tszyu appeared on Long Lunch Today, an Australian TV program. During the show, he denied his retirement and said he would return if a fight with Shane Mosley, Manny Pacquiao or Floyd Mayweather Jr. could be made.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu married Natasha Anikina on 24 September 1993. He has three children; Anastasia, Nikita and Tim. Nikita and Tim are both boxers. Tszyu initially moved with his family to Moscow in 2008, but they returned to Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. In September 2012, Tszyu left his family in Australia while he moved full-time to live in Russia.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu is now married to Tatiana Averina, with whom he has two children, and runs a restaurant in Moscow.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu is an animal lover who owns several pets including Viking, a rottweiler who has been Tszyu's companion since he arrived in Australia; Jake, his pet diamond python; canaries and fish. Tszyu appeared with the animals on the pet show "Harry's Practice" in 2002.


title: Kostya Tszyu

text: Tszyu has been in several court battles with his managers. Most recently, his ex-manager Susie Bennell took him to court, alleging Tszyu owed her money. Tszyu was also ordered to repay $3.5 million to his former manager Bill Mordey in an unrelated civil suit. In journalist Paul Kent's biography of long time trainer Johnny Lewis, allegations were made that Tszyu had underpaid Lewis for his services. The dispute was settled out of court.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: Association de la Jeunesse Auxerroise (), commonly known as AJ Auxerre or simply Auxerre (), is a French football club based in the commune of Auxerre in Burgundy. The club was founded in 1905 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the first division of French football. Auxerre plays its home matches at the Stade l'Abbé-Deschamps on the banks of the Yonne River. The team is managed by Christophe Pélissier and captained by midfielder Birama Touré.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: Auxerre was founded in 1905 and made its debut in the first division of French football in the 1980–81 season and remained a fixture in the league until the 2011–12 season. The club has won the Ligue 1 title once, in the 1995–96 season. Two years prior, Auxerre achieved its first major honour by winning the Coupe de France in 1994. The club has since added three more Coupe de France titles, which ties the club for fifth-best among teams who have won the trophy.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: Auxerre has produced several notable players during its existence. The club has most notably served as a springboard for several prominent French football players such as Eric Cantona, Laurent Blanc, Stéphane Guivarc'h, Philippe Mexès, Basile Boli, and Djibril Cissé, among others, who all became French internationals, with Blanc playing on the teams that won the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000. Guivarc'h, Bernard Diomède and Lionel Charbonnier were the three footballers from Auxerre who were world champions in 1998. From 1961 to 2005, the club was predominantly coached by Guy Roux. This included an uninterrupted period when Roux was in charge for 36 years between 1964 and 2000.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: The club "Association de la Jeunesse Auxerroise" was founded in 1905, by the abbot Ernest Abbé Deschamps. The club success, becoming a force in the Catholic league F.G.S.P.F. In 1908, the club even reached the F.G.S.P.F. French Championship final, losing 8–1 however. At the end of the First World War, the club was expelled from its ground. Father Deschamps acquired several pieces of land along the Yonne on the Vaux road, which later formed the Abbé Deschamps Stadium.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: Auxerre made its first steps in Division 1 on 24 July 1980 against Bastia in Toulon. Auxerre lost the match 2–0. On 20 November 1980, Andrzej Szarmach signed for Auxerre having received consent from the Polish Football Association. He started two days later at home against Lyon and scored the first of his ninety-four goals in Division 1. AJA's first season in Division 1 was remarkable for two particular performances: on 13 December 1980, at Parc des Princes against Paris Saint-Germain (3–2), and then on 7 April 1981, at Stade Marcel Saupin against Nantes for a 1–0 win, notable as Nantes had not lost a home game for five years and 92 games (between 15 April 1976 and 7 April 1981). In the next two seasons, AJA finished fifteenth and eighth respectively.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: During the 1983–84 season, AJA climbed for the first time onto the podium in finishing third. Patrice Garande finished top scorer with twenty-one goals. A few weeks later, Garande won the gold medal at the Olympics in Los Angeles with the French Olympic football team while Joël Bats and Jean-Marc Ferreri were part of the victorious French team at UEFA Euro 1984. That summer, Auxerre recruited Michel N'Gom. An international prospect, he left Paris Saint-Germain. During pre-season, he scored five goals in ten games. On the last weekend before the start of the season, he visited his former teammates in Paris. He died following a traffic accident on 12 August 1984. To pay tribute, one of the stands at Abbé Deschamps bears his name. The 1984–1985 season saw Auxerre in European competition for the first time in its history by participating in the UEFA Cup, albeit with an unfavourable first round draw with Sporting Clube de Portugal. On 19 September 1984 at Estádio José Alvalade, AJA took its bow in European football with a 2–0 defeat. The return leg took place on 3 October 1984. AJA managed to retrieve the two goal deficit with a double by Szarmach, but eventually succumbed with two goals in extra time. However, by virtue of the victory of Monaco in the Coupe de France, AJA also qualified for the UEFA Cup the year after.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: The 1985 offseason saw Joël Bats join Paris Saint-Germain. Auxerre recruited Bruno Martini as his successor. In the UEFA Cup, AJA were drawn against Milan. In the first leg, Auxerre won 3–1. Both teams missed a penalty and Paolo Maldini made his debut in European competition. In the return match, AJA lost 3–0 and was therefore eliminated. Seventh in the league and quarter-finalist in the French cup, AJA did not manage a third straight season in Europe. Auxerre finished fourth in 1986–1987, and was once again eliminated in the first round of the UEFA Cup the following season with a 2–0 away defeat to Panathinaikos too much to overcome in the return leg (which Auxerre won 3–2). The 1988–89 season saw AJA finish fifth in the league and reach the semi-finals of the Coupe de France before elimination by Olympique de Marseille, the future winner of the event. With fifth place in the league, AJA made the UEFA Cup and there made its first decent run. During the preliminary round, AJA managed its first victory. Beaten 0–1 at home by Dinamo Zagreb, it registered 3–1 in Yugoslavia and qualified for the first round proper. Auxerre beat successively Albanians Apolonia Fier, Finns RoPS and Olympiacos of Greece before being eliminated in the quarterfinals by Fiorentina. In parallel with this, AJA managed sixth place in the league. During the summer of 1990, the AJA sold Basile Boli and recruited Enzo Scifo, Alain Roche and Zbigniew Kaczmarek. Auxerre finished in third place after leading the championship for two weeks.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: In 1991–92, Auxerre was eliminated in the second round of the UEFA Cup by Liverpool and then finished fourth in Division 1. That summer, the AJA sold Alain Roche and Jean-Marc Ferreri while recruiting Frank Verlaat and Gerald Baticle. Auxerre then journeyed again into UEFA. Auxerre eliminated Lokomotiv Plovdiv and the newly formed F.C. Copenhagen. In the third round, AJA eliminated Standard Liège. In the quarterfinals, AJA faced Ajax, the defending champion and undefeated in the European Cup for two years. Before facing Ajax, Auxerre had suffered five consecutive league defeats. Auxerre managed a 4–2 home win. In the second leg Ajax could only manage a 1–0 win and so Auxerre had qualified for the semifinals, to face Borussia Dortmund. In the first leg in Germany, AJA lost 2–0. A fiercely contested second leg levelled the aggregate score, but Auxerre were finally eliminated on penalties.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: While finishing sixth in the championship, Auxerre again qualified for the UEFA Cup after the VA-OM case. But unlike the epic run of the previous season, AJA was eliminated in the first round by Tenerife. AJA made progress in the league, with a third-place finish, but notably captured its first major trophy, the French cup. Having made it past the lower division teams in the early rounds, AJA eliminated Nantes in the semifinals before winning 3 goals to 0 at Parc des Princes in the final against Montpellier. The following season, Auxerre finished fourth in the league and was a quarter-finalist of the Cup Winners' Cup: Auxerre was eliminated by Arsenal in the Abbe-Deschamps (1–0) having achieved a 1–1 draw at Highbury.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: During the 1995–96 season, the club won Division 1 for the first time in their history, and also won the Coupe de France.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: On 13 May 2012, Auxerre's 32-year stay in the top division came to an end after a 3–0 away defeat at the hands of Marseille. The following season, Auxerre finished a disappointing ninth place along with a goal difference of −2. The next season was no better for AJA, after they finished a lowly 16th position. Although not resulting in promotion the 2014–15 Ligue 2 season was better for the Burgundy based side as they finished ninth in Ligue 2 and finishing runners-up in the 2015 Coupe de France Final after losing to Paris Saint-Germain at the Stade de France in front of an attendance of 80,000. The 2018–19 season was Auxerre's seventh consecutive in the Ligue 2. In the 2020–21 Ligue 2 season, the Auxerrois would achieve their best finish in the second tier since their relegation with a 6th-place finish, although they were positioned within the top 5 required for at least the playoffs at the end of 17 of the 38 game weeks. In the 2021–22 Ligue 2 season, AJA were finally promoted back to Ligue 1 after 10 years, after a penalty shoot-out win against Saint-Etienne in the Ligue1 promotion/relegation play-offs.


title: AJ Auxerre

text: Below is the starting 11 of historic football players who have played at Auxerre in league and international competition since the club's foundation in 1905 as voted by the club's supporters.


title: Howland Island

text: Howland Island () is an uninhabited coral island located just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean, about southwest of Honolulu. The island lies almost halfway between Hawaii and Australia and is an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States. Together with Baker Island it forms part of the Phoenix Islands. For statistical purposes, Howland is grouped as one of the United States Minor Outlying Islands. The island has an elongated cucumber-shape on a north–south axis, , and covers .


title: Howland Island

text: Howland Island National Wildlife Refuge consists of the entire island and the surrounding of submerged land. The island is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as an insular area under the U.S. Department of the Interior and is part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument.


title: Howland Island

text: The atoll has no economic activity. It is perhaps best known as the island Amelia Earhart was searching for but never reached when her airplane disappeared on , during her planned round-the-world flight. Airstrips constructed to accommodate her planned stopover were subsequently damaged, not maintained and gradually disappeared. There are no harbors or docks. The fringing reefs may pose a maritime hazard. There is a boat landing area along the middle of the sandy beach on the west coast, as well as a crumbling day beacon. The island is visited every two years by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.


title: Howland Island

text: The climate is equatorial, with little rainfall and intense sunshine. Temperatures are moderated somewhat by a constant wind from the east. The terrain is low-lying and sandy: a coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef with a slightly raised central area. The highest point is about six meters above sea level.


title: Howland Island

text: There are no natural fresh water resources. The landscape features scattered grasses along with prostrate vines and low-growing pisonia trees and shrubs. A 1942 eyewitness description spoke of "a low grove of dead and decaying kou trees" on a very shallow hill at the island's center. In 2000, a visitor accompanying a scientific expedition reported seeing "a flat bulldozed plain of coral sand, without a single tree" and some traces of buildings from colonization or World War II building efforts, all wood and stone ruins overgrown by vegetation.


title: Howland Island

text: Howland is primarily a nesting, roosting and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds and marine wildlife. The island, with its surrounding marine waters, has been recognized as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports seabird colonies of lesser frigatebirds, masked boobies, red-tailed tropicbirds and sooty terns, as well as serving as a migratory stopover for bristle-thighed curlews.


title: Howland Island

text: Since Howland Island is uninhabited, no time zone is specified. It lies within a nautical time zone which is 12 hours behind UTC, named International Date Line West (). Howland Island and Baker Island are the only places on Earth observing this time zone. This time zone is also called AoE, Anywhere on Earth, which is a calendar designation which indicates that a period expires when the date passes everywhere on Earth.


title: Howland Island

text: Sparse remnants of trails and other surface features indicate a possible early Polynesian presence, including excavations and mounds along with stacked rocks and a footpath made of long flat stones. In the 1860s, James Duncan Hague noted discovering the remains of a hut, canoe fragments, a blue bead, and a human skeleton buried in the sand. However, the perishable nature of the wooden materials and the lack of bead work in Polynesia suggests these materials are historic in nature. The presence of the kou tree ("Cordia subcordata") and Polynesian rats ("Rattus exulans") on the island is also considered a possible indicator of early Polynesian visits to Howland.


title: Howland Island

text: However, the only modern archaeological survey of Howland, conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 1987, found no evidence of prehistoric settlement or use of the island but sub-surface testing was limited in scope due to time constraints. Additionally, the USACE survey failed to locate the architectural features described by Hague though they concede this may be due to the destruction of these features later during the construction of an airstrip. A later conservation plan by the US Fish and Wildlife Service suggests that Howland was likely used as a stop over or meeting point as opposed to permanently occupied.


title: Howland Island

text: Captain George B. Worth of the Nantucket whaler "Oeno" sighted Howland around 1822 and called it Worth Island. Daniel MacKenzie of the American whaler "Minerva Smith" was unaware of Worth's sighting when he charted the island in 1828 and named it after his ship's owners on . Howland Island was at last named on after a lookout who sighted it from the whaleship "Isabella" under Captain Geo. E. Netcher of New Bedford.


title: Howland Island

text: Captain William Bligh of "HMS Bounty", in his diary after the mutiny, described stopping at this Island shortly after being set adrift by the mutineers in April, 1789. He had 18 crew members who scoured the island for sustenance such as oysters, water, and birds. Bligh was unsure of the name of the island but apparently it was known to cartographers. Bligh's account on Howland Island is open to question since his route in the boat began between Tonga and Tofua and ran more or less west directly to Timor.


title: Howland Island

text: Howland Island was uninhabited when the United States took possession of it under the Guano Islands Act of 1856. The island was a known navigation hazard for many decades and several ships were wrecked there. Its guano deposits were mined by American companies from about 1857 until October1878, although not without controversy.


title: Howland Island

text: Captain Geo. E. Netcher of the "Isabella" informed Captain Taylor of its discovery. As Taylor had discovered another guano island in the Indian Ocean, they agreed to share the benefits of the guano on the two islands. Taylor put Netcher in communication with Alfred G. Benson, president of the American Guano Company, which was incorporated in 1857. Other entrepreneurs were approached as George and Matthew Howland, who later became members of the United States Guano Company, engaged Mr. Stetson to visit the Island on the ship "Rousseau" under Captain Pope. Mr. Stetson arrived on the Island in 1854 and described it as being occupied by birds and a plague of rats.


title: Howland Island

text: The American Guano Company established claims in respect to Baker Island and Jarvis Island which were recognised under the U.S. Guano Islands Act of 1856. Benson tried to interest the American Guano Company in the Howland Island deposits, however the company directors considered they already had sufficient deposits. In October1857 the American Guano Company sent Benson's son Arthur to Baker and Jarvis Islands to survey the guano deposits. He also visited Howland Island and took samples of the guano. Subsequently, Alfred G. Benson resigned from the American Guano Company and together with Netcher, Taylor and George W. Benson formed the United States Guano Company to exploit the guano on Howland Island, with this claim being recognised under the U.S. Guano Islands Act of 1856.


title: Howland Island

text: However, when the United States Guano Company dispatched a vessel of their own in 1859 to mine the guano they found that Howland Island was already occupied by men sent there by the American Guano Company. The companies ended up in New York state court, with the American Guano Company arguing that United States Guano Company had in effect abandoned the island, since the continual possession and actual occupation required for ownership by the Guano Islands Act did not occur. The result was that both companies were allowed to mine the guano deposits, which were substantially depleted by October1878. Laborers for the mining operations came from around the Pacific, including from Hawaii; the Hawaiian laborers named Howland Island ('kou tree grove').


title: Howland Island

text: In the late 19th century there were British claims on the island, as well as attempts at setting up mining. John T. Arundel and Company, a British firm using laborers from the Cook Islands and Niue, occupied the island from 1886 to 1891.


title: Howland Island

text: In 1935, colonists from the American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project arrived on the island to establish a permanent U.S. presence in the Central Pacific. It began with a rotating group of four alumni and students from the Kamehameha School for Boys, a private school in Honolulu. Although the recruits had signed on as part of a scientific expedition and expected to spend their three-month assignment collecting botanical and biological samples, once out to sea they were told, according to one of the Jarvis Island colonists, George West, "Your names will go down in history" and that the islands would become "famous air bases in a route that will connect Australia with California".


title: Howland Island

text: The settlement was named Itascatown after the USCGC "Itasca" that brought the colonists to Howland and made regular cruises between the other equatorial islands during that era. Itascatown was a line of a half-dozen small wood-framed structures and tents near the beach on the island's western side. The fledgling colonists were given large stocks of canned food, water, and other supplies including a gasoline-powered refrigerator, radio equipment, medical kits and (characteristic of that era) vast quantities of cigarettes. Fishing provided variety in their diet. Most of the colonists' endeavors involved making hourly weather observations and constructing rudimentary infrastructure on the island, including the clearing of a landing strip for airplanes. During this period the island was on Hawaii time, which was then 10.5hours behind UTC. Similar colonization projects were started on nearby Baker Island and Jarvis Island, as well as Canton Island and Enderbury in the Phoenix Islands, which later became part of Kiribati. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, Howland Island had a population of four people on April 1, 1940.


title: Howland Island

text: Ground was cleared for a rudimentary aircraft landing area during the mid-1930s, in anticipation that the island might eventually become a stopover for commercial trans-Pacific air routes and also to further U.S. territorial claims in the region against rival claims from Great Britain. Howland Island was designated as a scheduled refueling stop for American pilot Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan on their round-the-world flight in 1937. Works Progress Administration (WPA) funds were used by the Bureau of Air Commerce to construct three graded, unpaved runways meant to accommodate Earhart's twin-engined Lockheed Model 10 Electra.


title: Howland Island

text: The facility was named "Kamakaiwi Field" after James Kamakaiwi, a young Hawaiian who arrived with the first group of four colonists. He was selected as the group's leader and he spent more than three years on Howland, far longer than the average recruit. It has also been referred to as "WPA Howland Airport" (the WPA contributed about 20 percent of the $12,000 cost). Earhart and Noonan took off from Lae, New Guinea, and their radio transmissions were picked up near the island when their aircraft reached the vicinity but they were never seen again.


title: Howland Island

text: A Japanese air attack on , by 14 twin-engined Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" bombers of Chitose Kōkūtai, from Kwajalein islands, killed colonists Richard "Dicky" Kanani Whaley and Joseph Kealoha Keliʻhananui. The raid came one day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and damaged the three airstrips of Kamakaiwi Field. Two days later, shelling from a Japanese submarine destroyed what was left of the colony's buildings. A single bomber returned twice during the following weeks and dropped more bombs on the rubble. The two survivors were finally evacuated by the USS "Helm", a U.S. Navy destroyer, on . Thomas Bederman, one of the two survivors, later recounted his experience during the incident in a edition of "Life". Howland was occupied by a battalion of the United States Marine Corps in September1943 and was known as Howland Naval Air Station until May1944.


title: Howland Island

text: All attempts at habitation were abandoned after 1944. Colonization projects on the other four islands, also disrupted by the war, were also abandoned. No aircraft is known to have landed on the island, though anchorages nearby were used by float planes and flying boats during World War II. For example, on , a U.S. Navy Martin PBM-3-D Mariner flying boat (BuNo 48199), piloted by William Hines, had an engine fire and made a forced landing in the ocean off Howland. Hines beached the aircraft and, though it burned, the crew were unharmed, rescued by the (the same ship that later took the USCG's Construction Unit 211 and LORAN Unit 92 to Gardner Island), transferred to a sub chaser and taken to Canton Island.


title: Howland Island

text: On June 27, 1974, Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton created Howland Island National Wildlife Refuge which was expanded in 2009 to add submerged lands within of the island. The refuge now includes of land and of water. Along with six other islands, the island was administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex. In January2009, that entity was upgraded to the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument by President George W. Bush.


title: Howland Island

text: The island habitat has suffered from the presence from multiple invasive exotic species. Black rats were introduced in 1854 and eradicated in 1938 by feral cats introduced the year before. The cats proved to be destructive to bird species, and the cats were eliminated by 1985. Pacific crabgrass continues to compete with local plants.


title: Howland Island

text: Public entry to the island is only by special use permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and it is generally restricted to scientists and educators. Representatives from the agency visit the island on average once every two years, often coordinating transportation with amateur radio operators or the U.S. Coast Guard to defray the high cost of logistical support.


title: Howland Island

text: Colonists sent to the island in the mid-1930s, to establish possession by the United States, built the Earhart Light , named after Amelia Earhart, as a day beacon or navigational landmark. It is shaped like a short lighthouse. It was constructed of white sandstone with painted black bands and a black top meant to be visible several miles out to sea during daylight hours. It is located near the boat landing at the middle of the west coast, near the site of Itascatown. The beacon was partially destroyed early in World War II by Japanese attacks, but was rebuilt in the early 1960s by men from the U.S. Coast Guard ship "Blackhaw". By 2000, the beacon was reported to be crumbling and it had not been repainted in decades.


title: Howland Island

text: Ann Pellegreno overflew the island in 1967, and Linda Finch did so in 1997, during memorial circumnavigation flights to commemorate Earhart's 1937 world flight. No landings were attempted but both Pellegreno and Finch flew low enough to drop a wreath on the island.


title: Móði and Magni

text: In Norse mythology, Móði (Old Norse: ; anglicized Módi or Mothi) and Magni are the sons of Thor. Their names translate to "Wrath" and "Mighty," respectively. Rudolf Simek states that, along with Thor's daughter Þrúðr ("Strength"), they embody their father's features.


title: Móði and Magni

text: Móði and Magni's descent from Thor is attested by the kennings "Móði's father" ("faðir Móða", in "Hymiskviða", ) and "Magni's father" ("faðir Magna", in "Þórsdrápa" and "Hárbarðsljóð", ). Snorri Sturluson confirms it ("Gylfaginning", , "Skáldskaparmál", ). According to "Skáldskaparmál" Magni is the son of Thor and the Jötunn Járnsaxa.


title: Móði and Magni

text: Apart from his role after Ragnarök, there is nothing we know about Móði but, in the "Prose Edda" book "Skáldskaparmál", Magni plays a role in the myth of Thor's battle with the giant Hrungnir:


title: Móði and Magni

text: John Lindow draws a parallel between Magni and Odin's son Váli for they both have a giantess mother (Rindr for Váli) and achieve a feat at a very young age (Váli is only one day old when he kills Höðr, thus avenging Baldr's death).


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: Currents is the third studio album by Australian musical project Tame Impala. It was released on 17 July 2015 by Modular Recordings and Universal Music Australia. In the United States it was released by Interscope Records and Fiction Records, while Caroline International released it in other international regions. Like the project's previous two albums, "Currents" was written, recorded, performed, and produced by Kevin Parker. For the first time, Parker mixed the music and recorded all instruments by himself; the album featured no other collaborators.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: After the release of his previous album, "Lonerism" (2012), Parker began work on "Currents", largely recording at his home studio in Fremantle. He engrossed himself with writing and recording, and in keeping with his reputation as a musical auteur, laboured over the details of each song, ultimately causing the release date to be delayed by two months. In contrast to the psychedelic rock sound of the project's prior work, "Currents" marks a shift to more dance-oriented music, with more emphasis placed on synthesisers than guitars. Parker was inspired to seek a change out of desire to hear Tame Impala's music played in dance clubs and a more communal setting. Thematically, the record is about the process of personal transformation, which many critics interpreted to be the result of a romantic breakup. The album's cover art depicting vortex shedding is a visualisation of these themes.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: "Currents" was preceded by the release of the singles "Let It Happen", "'Cause I'm a Man" and "Eventually". The album became the group's best charting release, debuting at number one in Australia, number three in the United Kingdom, and at number four in the United States. "Currents" has sold over one million copies in North America as of March 2022. Like its predecessors, the album received critical acclaim and appeared on various critics' lists of the best albums of 2015. At the 2015 ARIA Music Awards, "Currents" was awarded Best Rock Album and Album of the Year, and it also received nominations for the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album and the J Award for Australian Album of the Year. In 2020, "Rolling Stone" ranked "Currents" 382nd on its list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". In December 2021, the album was listed at number 12 in "Rolling Stone Australia"s list of the "200 Greatest Albums of All Time".


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: Tame Impala emerged in the early 2010s as one of psychedelic rock's most prominent new acts. The group, fronted by musician Kevin Parker, released two albums that received adoration from music critics: "Innerspeaker" (2010) and "Lonerism" (2012). "Elephant" became an alt-rock radio hit, and was placed in several television series and commercials. Parker founded the band and is typically the sole operating member in the studio. In between Tame Impala releases, Parker founded the space disco band AAA Aardvark Getdown Services.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: He began writing songs shortly after completing "Lonerism", but was unable to specify when the album began to take shape: "There’s never really a start and never really an end either." The idea to compile his songs into an album came when he had between 10–20 songs ready. In May 2014, Parker spoke of his growing inclination toward recording the album in a triple J radio interview, explaining that: "I'm getting more and more sucked into the world of making an album. It's weird how it happens naturally, it's almost feels like a seasonal thing. I've started to think about tracklistings and all the things that come with an album."


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: The album's change in style has root in several events. Parker began to feel that even songs outside the psychedelic genre could possess its qualities; he made this assumption while under the influence of psychedelic mushrooms and cocaine and listening to the Bee Gees' "Stayin' Alive". At some point, Parker broke up with his girlfriend, French singer-songwriter Melody Prochet, and moved from Paris back to his hometown of Perth. According to Parker, "the only rule was to make an attempt to abandon the rules that I've set up in the past." This included toying with things he considered musically "cheesy" or taboo, including drum machines and various effects.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: "Currents" was recorded, produced, and mixed by Kevin Parker at his beachside home studio in Fremantle, Western Australia. The two-room studio contained a minimal amount of equipment: "a ramshackle drum kit, a guitar covered in duct tape and some battered vintage synths." Parker likened his small setup to an aeroplane cockpit. In an adjoining room, he began designing the light show that would accompany live performances of the album by using automated stage lights on stands. He hoped to deviate from the creative process by which he created "Lonerism", which he described as torturous, but ultimately found himself "falling down completely the same hole again" on "Currents".


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: Recording the album soon became an obsession to Parker, as he worked "all day, every day," growing increasingly isolated. He said, "At some point, life outside the studio fades into the distance. That's how I know that I'm into it." He reasoned that any alternate approach would imply that the music was not powerful enough. "Pitchfork" writer Corban Goble described Parker's daily routine in an article shortly preceding the album's release: "During the making of an album, the 29-year-old generally likes to rise around midday and then work, slowly and methodically, late into the night while drinking and smoking." Parker contended this approach helped his writing, noting, "Things flow easier [after a few drinks] – the flow is the most important thing for me for recording." He also often went swimming during breaks, which he dubbed "the ultimate purifier." He followed a mantra of "give the song what it deserves," which entailed creating music without "any sensible or logical decisions." Parker recorded dozens of vocals takes; according to him, for one song, he performed over 1,056 partial vocal takes. For one week, he rented another house located four hours south of Perth—the same one where he recorded "Innerspeaker"—to brainstorm drum ideas for songs.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: The decision to exert control in every aspect of production aside from mastering came from obsession. He said, "I felt like, this way the album is even more my heart and soul, my blood, sweat, and tears." Parker set a deadline to complete the record because of his tendency to procrastinate; he described having a deadline as "a blessing in disguise because it forces you to make decisions there and then. Which in the end makes for good art." "Currents" was due to be completed in January 2015, but the deadline was pushed back several times. Late in the process, he became self-conscious about the honesty of his lyrics. He became obsessive about minor details in the work, making him unable to wholly enjoy it upon its completion. Shortly before its release, he said, "I still think this album is completely unlistenable."


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: "Currents" features styles of psychedelic pop, disco, R&B, and electropop, but the album's chord progressions and rhythms are most indebted to R&B. Kevin Parker listened to R&B from the 1990s during recording, which he had forced himself to reject while growing up due to peer pressures. He said, "Music guys aren't allowed to be into R&B when they are teenagers because all the teenybopper kids blast that shit in their cars." As such, learning to let go of preconceptions and embracing the music felt liberating to him. He had previously refrained from making his music more pop-oriented because he thought "indie-music snobs would turn their nose up at it," and he discovered that writing pure pop music was a challenge. Parker attributed his openness on "Currents" to producer Mark Ronson, whose album "Uptown Special" he collaborated on.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: Many of the songs were composed over several years, both in the studio and on the road. Parker saved ideas using a voice recorder on his phone, and wrote many songs on a drum machine. Guitars are present in every song on "Currents", but are used to accompany and answer other instruments. This was partially due to his gear being inaccessible: "We'd finish one tour in say, Europe, go home for two weeks, and all our gear, including my guitars and pedals, would be on their way to South America." He had a larger array of synthesizers at his home studio, which allowed them to become the prominent instrument. He said, "It's really just whatever is sitting around when I think of the song." The album incorporates Parker's falsetto, as well as a vocoder.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: The lyrical themes of "Currents" centre on personal transition and growing older. Parker's lyrics on the album are entirely autobiographical. His vocals are clearer and less affected than in prior Tame Impala releases, which is partially owed to him having more pride in his lyrics; he said he hoped it would be easy for listeners to understand them. Parker considered the primary theme of the album to be a "deep feeling of transition in your psyche," or, in a broad sense, fully entering adulthood. He began learning about the concept of the Saturn return halfway through the recording process, which explained his feelings of reflection. He said, "I was halfway through making the album when I heard about it, and it gave what I was doing a lot more meaning; suddenly things made a lot more sense." Accordingly, on the album his reaction to transition is acceptance, exemplified by the opening song, "Let It Happen". Parker also felt buying the home where he recorded "Currents" "really changed my perspective about where I saw myself, like a place that I belonged."


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: "Currents" has also been frequently characterised as a breakup album. Prior to recording, Parker made the decision to break up with French singer-songwriter Melody Prochet. Several songs on the album examine it from his angle as the instigator of the breakup, which consists of guilt and self-questioning. Parker downplayed the notion that the album was entirely aimed at former lovers, however, and likened it to an inner monologue: "It's really me talking to myself, another part of myself... to my old self, the part of me that resists change and wants me to stay as I am." For Parker, the album meant "looking forward and a sudden adoption of confidence." The album's title reflects this, with currents being "these unstoppable forces; the parts of you that are trying to change you."


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: "Let It Happen" opens the album, and is about "finding yourself always in this world of chaos and all this stuff going on around you and always shutting it out because you don't want to be part of it. But at some point, you realise it takes more energy to shut it out than it does to let it happen and be a part of 'it'." At one point, the song begins to skip, reminiscent of a skipping compact disc. Parker included this as an extension of his fascination with glitches in playback. "Nangs" has been noted for its interlude-like composition and its woozy, psychedelic sound. "Yes I'm Changing" is a song Parker claims he does not remember making: "A weird experience, because it was like it was someone else made the song. I had no memory of imagining it." "Eventually" concerns "knowing that you're about to damage someone almost irreparably, and the only consolation you get is this distant hope that they’ll be alright eventually, because you know they aren't going to be now or soon." Parker conceded that he "can't really deny" it is a breakup song.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: Parker stated that "The Less I Know the Better" "shouldn't be on a Tame Impala album because it has this dorky, white disco funk." "'Cause I'm a Man" attracted controversy upon its release due to perceived sexism in its lyrics, but Parker meant the opposite: "The song is about how weak men are basically, and how we make all these excuses." "New Person, Same Old Mistakes" closes the record, and expresses self-doubt. Parker said, "The last song is meant to sound like the final battle between optimism and pessimism, a confrontation between the side of you that wants to progress and the side of you that wants to stay the same." Barbadian singer and songwriter Rihanna covered the track for her eighth studio album "Anti" (2016) under the title "Same Ol' Mistakes". It consists of Tame Impala's instrumental, extended to a length of 6 minutes and 35 seconds, with Rihanna's vocal replacing Parker's.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: The album's promotional cycle began when lead single "Let It Happen" was released as a free download on 10 March 2015. One day later, Parker was in New York for a mastering session with engineer Greg Calbi. The album was originally set to be released in May 2015, capitalizing on the group's appearance at Coachella. But as the album neared mastering, Parker was not yet done with lyrics for two songs. His perfectionism led to the album's release date being pushed back to July. In the interim, three more singles were released: "'Cause I'm a Man" and "Disciples" in April during a Reddit AMA, and "Eventually" in May. Due to the album's delay, Chris DeVille at Stereogum noted that "about a third of the record [had] gone public already" by the time it was released.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: In October 2017, a "collector's edition" of "Currents" was announced. The release includes three B-sides and two remixes, and was released on 17 November.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: The cover art for "Currents" and its accompanying singles was created by Kentucky-based artist and musician Robert Beatty. Kevin Parker has said "Currents"' designs are based on a diagram of vortex shedding he remembered while trying to visualise the album's themes. Beatty described how Parker's ideas for the album artwork "were all based on turbulent flow, the way liquid or air flows around objects."


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: "Currents" received acclaim from music critics. On Metacritic, the album holds an average critic score of 84, based on 38 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Ian Cohen of "Pitchfork" gave the album a "Best New Music" designation, saying, "Nearly every proper song on "Currents" is a revelatory statement of Parker's range and increasing expertise as a producer, arranger, songwriter, and vocalist while maintaining the essence of Tame Impala". Cohen compared the record to others such as "Loveless", "Kid A", and "Yankee Hotel Foxtrot", writing, "it's the result of a supernaturally talented obsessive trying to perfect music while redefining their relationship to album-oriented rock." "Spin"s Harley Brown called it "the purest – and most complex – distillation of everything that makes the band such a nearly physical pleasure to listen to". Brown added, "The real magic of "Currents", though, is in how Parker so effectively (and genuinely, for the most part) manipulates the listener's emotions without necessarily revealing any himself." Alex Denney of "NME" praised Parker for his musical transition, writing, "Fuzzed-out guitars simply aren't where Parker's head is at now, which strikes us as a fair trade-off from a producer pushing at the outer reaches of his talent."


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: Alexis Petridis of "The Guardian" wrote "A lot of the album's power and strangeness comes from the way [the lyrics] cut against the lusciousness of the arrangements... and the loveliness of the melodies." He praised Parker for creating psychedelia by leaving the listener "simultaneously baffled and intrigued", rather than resorting to clichéd psychedelic music effects. Darren Levin of "Rolling Stone Australia" said "the first thing that really strikes you about "Currents" is how hi-fi it actually is", and that after listening to the opening track, "you really do get the feeling you're watching one of rock's most restlessly creative minds at work". He concluded his review, "For someone who once sang 'Feels like we only go backwards', moving forward seems like Kevin Parker's only preoccupation right now." Levin was one of many reviewers to compare the album to Daft Punk's 2013 record "Random Access Memories". Jon Pareles of "The New York Times" said that like their first two albums, "The core of Tame Impala is its aura of solitude". He called "Currents" "a tour de force for the songwriter and his gizmos. But it's also decidedly hermetic, nearly airless." Andy Gill of "The Independent" said, "while copious application of phasing offers a link to Tame Impala's psychedelic roots, the absence of guitar wig-outs may disappoint some fans".


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: "Currents" appeared on several critics' lists of the best albums of 2015. "Q" named "Currents" the year's top album, saying that "Parker added dancefloor pop to their kaleidoscopic sound" while calling it "sonically advanced and filled with great songs". "Spin" ranked it as the year's fourth-best, calling it the group's "best because its soul actually lies in Motown". The magazine said the album finds Parker "coming to the epiphany that no amount of pitch- and time-shifting will screw with your perception of reality as much as a lyric that's as direct and true as 'They say people never change but that's bullshit / They do.'" "Mojo" also ranked the record as fourth-best of the year. "Pitchfork" ranked the album as the year's fifth-best, saying, "There's still a bit of Parker's elegant guitar here, but he's mostly rerouted his perfectionistic craftsmanship to synthesizer tones and drum programming." "Paste" ranked "Currents" at number eight on its list of the year's best albums, calling it a "near-perfect album" and "a superb progression from their last efforts, a study in internal consistency." "Rolling Stone" placed the album at number 13 on its list of the "50 Best Albums of 2015", writing that Parker's "musical rethink... is expansive, resulting in wide-screen adventures like 'Let It Happen'" and that the record is "full of weightless vocals and synthesized funk, for a set that's both blissed-out and mournful, like a set of diary entries from an astronaut floating off into oblivion". The album was also ranked fifth-best of the year by Consequence of Sound and "NME", 15th-best by Stereogum, and 22nd-best by PopMatters, while "Exclaim!" named it the eighth-best pop/rock album of the year.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: At the 2015 ARIA Music Awards, "Currents" was awarded Best Rock Album and Album of the Year, and "Let It Happen" was nominated for Best Pop Release. At the same event, Parker won for Engineer of the Year and Producer of the Year for his work on "Currents", and Tame Impala were named Best Group. The album was nominated for Best Alternative Music Album at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards.


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: In 2020, "Rolling Stone" ranked "Currents" 382nd on its list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".


title: Currents (Tame Impala album)

text: "Currents" debuted at number one in Australia, the group's first album to top the charts in their native country. It debuted at number three in the United Kingdom, becoming Tame Impala's first top-ten album in the country. In the United States, the album debuted at number four on the "Billboard" 200, moving 50,000 "equivalent album units" in its first week, 45,000 of which were sales; it was the group's first top-ten entry on the chart. The record debuted well on other "Billboard" charts, entering the Alternative Albums chart and Vinyl Albums chart at number one, and the Top Rock Albums chart at number two; first-week sales of vinyl copies in the US totaled 14,000, the highest for any album in a single week in the US since Jack White's "Lazaretto" more than a year prior. As of December 2015, 120,000 copies of "Currents" have sold in North America. In September 2015, the UK's Official Charts Company announced the creation of a new monthly chart called the Official Progressive Albums Chart, and that "Currents" would be its first number-one album.


title: Dhvani Bhanushali

text: Dhvani Bhanushali (born 22 March 1998) is an Indian pop singer. Born in Mumbai, she gained popularity with her single "Vaaste" in 2019 which has crossed 1.3 billion views on YouTube, making her the youngest Indian pop star to have the fastest 1 billion views on YouTube. She started her music career in 2017 by singing acoustic version song "Humsafar" from "Badrinath Ki Dulhania". Her first song in the film was "Ishtehaar" from the film "Welcome To New York", released in 2018. In the same year she starred in the music video ""Ishare Tere"" with Guru Randhawa and ""Dilbar"" From Satyameva Jayate which was an instant hit.


title: Dhvani Bhanushali

text: Dhvani was born in Mumbai to father Vinod Bhanushali, who was the President of Global Marketing and Media Publishing for T-Series for 27 years until he quit the company in August 2021 to start his own venture Bhanushali Studios Limited and mother Rinku Bhanushali in a Hindu Kutchi family. She has a younger sister named Diya Bhanushali.


title: Dhvani Bhanushali

text: Dhvani, who made her debut with the songs "Humsafar Acoustic" from "Badrinath Ki Dulhania", "Tere Mere Reprise" from "Chef", "Veere" from "Veere Di Wedding" and "Ishtehaar" from the film "Welcome To New York", later worked with Neha Kakkar on the song "Dilbar" and Guru Randhawa on the song "Ishare Tere". Her debut song was "Ishtehaar" from the film "Welcome To New York", in which she sang with Rahat Fateh Ali Khan. Her song, "Dilbar", was the first Hindi language song to enter the Billboard Top Ten. She has released a carpool mashup of "Gulabi Aankhen" and "Shape of You". She has released the singles "Leja Re" and "Main Teri Hoon". She has sung "Duniya" from the movie "Luka Chuppi" along with Akhil. She has also sung the song "Laila" for the film "Notebook". Her super hit single "Vaaste" along with Nikhil D'Souza, starring herself and Siddharth Gupta, gained 2 billion views and counting in June 2020 making her the fastest and youngest star to reach this mark. Next in cue was "Dariyaganj" along with Arijit Singh from the film "Jai Mummy Di." She then sang "Nachi Nachi" from the movie "Street Dancer 3D" along with Neeti Mohan and Millind Gaba. She also sang "Jeetenge Hum" which was composed by DJ Chetas and Lijo George and penned by Manoj Muntashir and "Gallan Goriyan" composed by "Taz" and written by Kumaar during the Coronavirus lockdown in India. Later on, she sang "Baby Girl" along with Guru Randhawa which is composed and written by him too. The last song sung by her in 2020 is "Nayan" with Jubin Nautiyal which is composed by DJ Chetas and Lijo George and written by Manoj Muntashir. She released her new single "Radha" on her 23rd birthday. She also released a Gujarati song on the occasion of Navaratri 2021 "Mehendi" with 65 million views on her channel. Her "Mera Yaar" was released on 1 December 2021 with more than 50 million views. Her latest song, 'Candy' with Yuvan Shankar Raja released on Hitz Music's official YouTube channel.


title: Dhvani Bhanushali

text: On working with Tanishk Bagchi, she commented that he is her mentor. She said, "He has guided me really well. My career is mostly made because of him."


title: Dhvani Bhanushali

text: She graduated from University of Mumbai in Bachelor of Commerce in September 2019. She also has done a BME (Business Management & Entrepreneurship) from Indian School of Management & Entrepreneurship, Mumbai.


title: Cody Ko

text: Cody Michael Kolodziejzyk ( , ; born November 22, 1990), better known online as Cody Ko, is a Canadian YouTuber, comedian, podcaster and rapper. Kolodziejzyk first became popular on Vine in 2014, before becoming a commentary YouTuber on internet culture. His style of content is often crudely comedic and profane.


title: Cody Ko

text: Born in Calgary, Alberta, Kolodziejzyk graduated from Duke University with a degree in computer science. After his mobile app I'd Cap That became top of the App Store, he worked as an iOS developer at Fullscreen, but quit in 2016 to focus on his internet career full-time. He had around two million followers before Vine's discontinuation.


title: Cody Ko

text: After Vine was shut down, Kolodziejzyk shifted to YouTube commentary. With fellow YouTuber Noel Miller, Kolodziejzyk co-hosts the Tiny Meat Gang Podcast. This later became the flagship podcast of their podcast network TMG Studios, which they co-founded in October 2021. He and Miller also comprise the comedy rap duo of the same name. TMG has featured guests such as MrBeast and Post Malone, and won the 11th Shorty Awards for Best Podcast. In a widely criticized 2019 video, YouTuber Jake Paul accused Kolodziejzyk of being a "cyberbully" for his commentary ridiculing Paul and other YouTubers, inadvertently causing his following to grow. , Kolodziejzyk has nearly six million subscribers on his main YouTube channel.