title: Gentle Giant

text: However, it has been noted that in spite of the comparatively complex initial sound, Gentle Giant's music is in fact fairly traditional in terms of harmony and features relatively few complex chords. In common with most 1970s progressive rock, Gentle Giant compositions are closer to early 20th century neoclassicism than to contemporary classical music (some Gentle Giant songs, such as "Black Cat", "Experience" and "So Sincere", do utilise more complicated modernist harmonics). In general, the band relied on sudden and unexpected compositional twists and turns to stimulate their audience, including:


title: Gentle Giant

text: For many years this remained the only Gentle Giant bootleg and no others appeared before the Compact Disc era. No other bootlegs have since been seen on vinyl. The album achieved such fame, however, that the band decided to adopt the title for their official live double album "Playing the Fool" (omitting the final "e"), released two years later.


title: Gentle Giant

text: Alucard Music is a British music label that releases CDs and DVDs of Gentle Giant. It was founded by Kerry and Lesley Minnear.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: Deep Purple in Rock is the fourth studio album by Deep Purple, released on June 5, 1970. It was the first studio album recorded by the Mark II line-up of Ritchie Blackmore, Ian Gillan, Roger Glover, Jon Lord and Ian Paice.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: Work on "In Rock" began shortly after Gillan and Glover joined the band in June 1969, with rehearsals at Hanwell Community Centre. The music was intended to be loud and heavy, and accurately represent the group's live show. Recording took place at various studios around London in between extensive touring, during which time songs and arrangements were honed into shape.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: "In Rock" was the band's breakthrough album in Europe and peaked at No. 4 in the UK, remaining in the charts for over a year. By contrast, it under-performed in the US, where the band's Mark I albums had been more successful. An accompanying single, "Black Night" reached No. 2 in the UK, becoming their highest charting single there. The album has continued to attract critical praise as a key early example of the hard rock and heavy metal genres.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: By mid-1969, Deep Purple had recorded three albums, and achieved commercial success in the US, but suffered from a lack of musical direction. Although the group contained experienced musicians, none of the original members were accomplished songwriters, and their earlier work ranged from psychedelic hard rock based around guitarist Ritchie Blackmore's riffs, classical-influenced tracks developed and arranged by organist Jon Lord, and cover songs from the Beatles, Joe South, Neil Diamond and Donovan.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: After a US tour in May, Blackmore, Lord and drummer Ian Paice decided to replace original lead singer Rod Evans with someone who could tackle a hard rock style. The group had also recently signed a deal with Harvest Records in the UK, who were intending to represent progressive and underground bands, but label owner Malcolm Jones thought Deep Purple relied too much on gimmicks and only appealed to the US market. Lord and Blackmore had met with Paice during the tour to discuss the personnel change, and Blackmore said he wanted to "have a go at being really heavy" after hearing Led Zeppelin's debut album. Blackmore asked his former bandmate, drummer Mick Underwood, to see if he knew a suitable singer. Underwood suggested his Episode Six bandmate Ian Gillan. Blackmore, Lord and Paice went to see an Episode Six gig in Woodford Green on 4 June, and after Blackmore sat in with the band, they offered Gillan the job.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: Gillan and Episode Six bassist Roger Glover were friends and had formed a songwriting partnership. However, Glover did not want to leave Episode Six, so Gillan suggested he could help out with Deep Purple's songwriting as a compromise. On 7 June, Gillan and Glover were asked to play on a Deep Purple recording session for their next single, "Hallelujah", with Glover performing as a session musician. Afterwards, Glover changed his mind and decided to join the band.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: The group initially met and developed song ideas in secrecy, not telling Evans or original bassist Nick Simper because the original lineup still had tour dates to promote the album "The Book of Taliesyn", which Harvest had finally released in the UK (several months after its October 1968 US release). Furthermore, Episode Six's management did not want Gillan and Glover to quit the group, and they attempted to get a settlement from Deep Purple. However, after a few weeks, both Evans and Simper discovered they had been fired, and were unimpressed with the underhanded way it had been done, particularly recording with a different line-up. Underwood later said he regretted recommending Gillan to Deep Purple because he did not want Simper to lose his job. The final show with Evans and Simper was on 4 July, with the new lineup playing their first gig at The Speakeasy Club in London on 10 July. Gillan and Glover continued to play several more dates with Episode Six, the final show taking place on 26 July. They were replaced by John Gustafson as singer and bassist.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: Hanwell Community Centre was booked for the band to rehearse and write new material; according to Glover, it was chosen because "it was the only place we could find where we could make a lot of noise". The basic structure of "Child in Time" was worked out at these sessions, and both it and "Speed King" (then titled "Kneel and Pray") were in the live set by the line-up's seventh gig at the Paradiso, Amsterdam, on 24 August. The Mk II lineup began to tour extensively, and found they had good musical chemistry together. Work on the new material was briefly interrupted by Lord's "Concerto for Group and Orchestra", which featured Deep Purple playing with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra at the Royal Albert Hall on 24 September. Though the concerto was a different style to the material worked on at Hanwell, it led to increased publicity in the UK, which along with the group's live act, started to give them a following.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: Recording on "In Rock" began at IBC Studios, London, with the first sessions in October. Studio work was spaced out between gigs, which were needed to provide the band with income, and continued intermittently until April the following year. Gillan later said that the regular gigging was important for material to be developed and to find the most suitable arrangements before recording. The basic ethos behind recording is that everything had to be loud and heavy; Glover recalls seeing VU meters in the red (signalling audio distortion) in the studio. In November 1969, the group played "Speed King" and "Living Wreck" for a BBC session, while in February 1970, the group performed a concert for the station, previewing some of the new live material. The band's US record company, Tetragrammaton, declared bankruptcy around this time, meaning an uncertainty of the album being released there. Warner Bros subsequently bought out the Tetragrammaton contract, and would release Deep Purple's albums in the US throughout the 1970s.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: The album was the first one produced by the group, though they made prominent use of the engineers at the sessions, particularly Martin Birch who aimed to reproduce the live sound of the studio room on tape. The title was a reaction to "Concerto for Group and Orchestra", emphasising that Deep Purple were a rock band. The cover was designed by the group's management; it depicts Mount Rushmore with photographs of the band's faces superimposed over the US presidents.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: After recording had finished, the group continued touring. Gillan recalled playing 50 UK gigs in the first half of 1970, plus a further 15 in Europe. They also performed a live television special for Granada TV's "Doing Their Thing" and for London Weekend Television's "South Bank Summer". On 9 August, the group appeared at the National Jazz and Blues Festival, which culminated in Blackmore setting fire to his amplifiers.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: Unlike earlier albums, every song on "In Rock" is credited to the five Deep Purple band members. Gillan recalled the songs were initially rehearsed at Hanwell, then introduced to the live show to see how they would work. Lord said the purpose of the album was to make "a conscious effort to stop and think about writing material we all understood".


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: "Speed King" developed from a bass riff written by Glover at Hanwell, in an attempt to emulate Jimi Hendrix's "Fire". Gillan wrote the lyrics by taking phrases of old rock 'n' roll songs by Little Richard. It was originally known as "Kneel and Pray" and developed as a live piece for several months before recording. The first studio take of the song featured Lord playing piano instead of organ, which was later released as a B-side in Holland. The final take used on the album was recorded in January 1970; it opens with an untitled instrumental known as "Woffle", recorded in November 1969.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: "Bloodsucker" was recorded at De Lane Lea Studios and finished at Abbey Road Studios. Paice enjoyed playing on the track. The song would be re-recorded 28 years later, with Steve Morse on guitar, and retitled "Bludsucker" for Deep Purple's 1998 album "Abandon".


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: "Child in Time" was written early during the Hanwell rehearsals, after Lord began playing the introduction to "Bombay Calling" by It's a Beautiful Day. The group decided to play the song's main theme at a slower tempo, with Gillan writing new words inspired by the Vietnam War. He later said he came up with the song's title spontaneously. The song was regularly played live, and was well-rehearsed by the time it was recorded at IBC in November 1969. It subsequently became a de facto anthem for anti-Communist resistance groups in Eastern Europe during the period of the Iron Curtain.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: "Flight of the Rat" was the last song recorded for the album, at De Lane Lea on 11 March. It evolved during rehearsals from a humorous re-arrangement by Glover of "Flight of the Bumblebee".


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: "Into the Fire" was written by Glover as a warning against drugs. The main riff developed after discussing chromatic scales with Blackmore.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: "Living Wreck" was recorded at the early IBC sessions in October 1969. It was almost left off the album as the group felt it was not good enough, but they listened to it again towards the end of the sessions and decided they liked it. Blackmore played the guitar solo through an octave pedal.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: "Hard Lovin' Man" was derived from a Glover bass riff and developed as a jam session by the rest of the band. It was the first track for the album recorded at De Lane Lea in January 1970 with engineer Martin Birch. The group were impressed with Birch's skills, and he was retained as engineer for the rest of the group's albums up to 1976. He was credited as a "catalyst" on the original LP.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: After completing the album, the group's management were worried there was no obvious hit single, and booked De Lane Lea in early May 1970 so the band could write and record one. After struggling to come up with a commercial-sounding song, Blackmore started playing the riff to Ricky Nelson's arrangement of "Summertime", while the group improvised the rest of the structure. Gillan later said he tried to write "the most banal lyrics we could think of". The result was the single "Black Night", which became the group's first UK hit.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: "Cry Free" was recorded at IBC in January 1970. Although the group recorded over 30 takes, it did not make the final track listing, and was later released on a compilation album.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: An instrumental, "Jam Stew" was recorded in late November 1969 at IBC. A version with improvised lyrics had been recorded as "John Stew" for a BBC session, while the main riff was featured on the track "Bullfrog" on the session album "Green Bullfrog", released the following year.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: The album and the single "Black Night" were both released on 5 June 1970. "In Rock" reached No. 4 in the UK and stayed in the album charts throughout the year and into the next, until the follow-up album "Fireball" was ready. The original release featured a gatefold sleeve with full lyrics, and a set of black and white photographs of the band.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: The U.S. release of the album cut the intro to "Speed King", which lasts just over a minute. It remains edited on the standard Warner Bros. U.S. release, but was restored to full length on the 25th Anniversary package. The album was reissued in a single-sleeve vinyl in 1982, replacing the original gatefold sleeve. The Mexican release also included "Black Night" to the track listing.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: The chart success of "In Rock" greatly raised Deep Purple's profile. In October, while touring the UK, "Melody Maker" ran a feature of "Purple Mania" showing the group's concerts were attracting increasingly enthusiastic crowds. The band finished the year touring Scandinavia and Germany. At a show at Lüdenscheid, they played without Blackmore who had taken ill. Fans started a riot and destroyed £2,000 worth of equipment.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: In 1995 a remastered and revised 25th anniversary edition of the album was released by EMI. The album was remastered by Glover, adding "Black Night", "Jam Stew", a new mix of "Cry Free", and remixes of "Flight of the Rat" and "Speed King".


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: In 2009 audiophile label Audio Fidelity released a remastered version of "Deep Purple in Rock" on a limited edition 24 karat gold CD. Mastering for the CD was performed by Steve Hoffman. This release follows the original seven-track format with no bonus tracks.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: Reaction to "In Rock" was positive. "Record Mirror"s Rodney Collins said it was "a stunningly good album" showing that "rock, given a fresh stab and alert material, is still one of the most rewarding areas of contemporary music." Richard Green, writing in "New Musical Express", said the album was "Good, meaty rock all the way" and particularly praised Gillan's singing on "Child In Time". "Disc and Music Echo" rated it 4 stars out of 5, comparing the sound to the Nice, and noting Blackmore's instrumental dominance over Lord.


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: According to Tony Dolan in "Deep Purple: a Critical Retrospective", the first Mk II album "Concerto for Group and Orchestra" had given Deep Purple much needed publicity in the UK, but the band – Ritchie Blackmore in particular – were determined that they "would not be labelled as a novelty act. He was adamant that the next studio album should be an all-out assault on the eardrums. As Blackmore said to others, 'if it’s not dramatic or exciting, it has no place on this album.' "In Rock" was everything Blackmore had envisaged and more. It would remain in the UK charts for over a year. Deep Purple had finally found its niche with its hard-driving, heavy, thunderous, powerful rock."


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: Retrospective reviews have been similarly favourable. "AllMusic"s Eduardo Rivadavia has called "In Rock" "one of heavy metal's defining albums". Rock journalist Malcolm Dome stated that ""In Rock" is one of the great albums... not just by Purple, by anybody." On new members Gillan and Glover, he added: "How Ian Gillan remains completely in control of his voice whilst going completely insane is remarkable. And Roger Glover was unfussy, but very good technically... also contributing nicely and impressively to songwriting." Sid Smith remarked in his BBC Music review the "strident confidence that the new line-up had found" and how the album "pretty much carved out the template for heavy rock." Canadian journalist Martin Popoff wrote that "Deep Purple's "In rock", along with Sabbath's "Paranoid" and Heep's "Uriah Heep", all in 1970, outright and triple-handedly invented Heavy Metal", with "In Rock" being "the flashiest, freshest and most sophisticated of the three." In his review, he reminded how the album remains "the sharpest, most insistently metallic Deep Purple record until "Perfect Strangers"" 14 years later, despite Deep Purple never accepting the title of heavy metal act, "fancying of themselves as a jazzy bluesy proggy hard rock band."


title: Deep Purple in Rock

text: Blackmore has since said the album is his favourite during his time with Deep Purple, along with "Machine Head".


title: Long s

text: The long s , also known as the medial s or initial s, is an archaic form of the lowercase letter . It replaced the single "s", or one or both of the letters "s" in a 'double "s"' sequence (e.g., "ſinfulneſs" for "sinfulness" and "poſſeſs" or "poſseſs" for "possess"—but never *"poſſeſſ"). The modern letterform is known as the 'short', 'terminal', or 'round' s. In typography, it is known as a type of swash letter, commonly referred to as a "swash s". The long s is the basis of the first half of the grapheme of the German alphabet ligature letter , ("eszett" or [sharp s]).


title: Long s

text: This list of rules for the long s is not exhaustive, and it applies only to books printed during the 17th and 18th centuries in English-speaking countries. Similar rules exist for other European languages.


title: Long s

text: In handwriting, these rules do not apply—the long s is usually confined to preceding a round s, either in the middle or at the end of a word—for example, "aſsure", "Bleſsings".


title: Long s

text: The long s was derived from the old Roman cursive medial "s". When the distinction between majuscule (uppercase) and minuscule (lowercase) letter forms became established, toward the end of the eighth century, it developed a more vertical form. During this period, it was occasionally used at the end of a word, a practice that quickly died but that was occasionally revived in Italian printing between about 1465 and 1480. Thus, the general rule that the long s never occurred at the end of a word is not strictly correct, although the exceptions are rare and archaic. The double "s" in the middle of a word was also written with a long s and a short s, as in: "Miſsiſsippi". In German typography, the rules are more complicated: short s also appears at the end of each component within a compound word, and there are more detailed rules and practices for special cases.


title: Long s

text: The long s is often confused with the minuscule "f", sometimes even having an "f"-like nub at its middle but on the left side only in various Roman typefaces and in blackletter. There was no nub in its italic type form, which gave the stroke a descender that curled to the left and which is not possible without kerning in the other type forms mentioned. For this reason, the short s was also normally used in combination with "f": for example, in "ſatisfaction".


title: Long s

text: The nub acquired its form in the blackletter style of writing. What looks like one stroke was actually a wedge pointing downward. The wedge's widest part was at that height (x-height) and capped by a second stroke that formed an ascender that curled to the right. Those styles of writing, and their derivatives, in type design had a crossbar at the height of the nub for letters "f" and "t", as well as for "k". In Roman type, except for the crossbar on medial "s", all other cross bars disappeared.


title: Long s

text: The long s was used in ligatures in various languages. Three examples were for , , and , besides the German letter . The long s survives in Fraktur typefaces.


title: Long s

text: The present-day German letter "ß" ( or ; also used in Low German and historical Upper Sorbian orthographies) is generally considered to have originated in a (Fraktur) ligature of (which is supported by the fact that the second part of the grapheme usually resembles a Fraktur "z": , hence ; see "ß" for details), although in Antiqua, the ligature of is used instead. (An alternative hypothesis claims that the German letter "ß" originated in Tironian notes.)


title: Long s

text: Some old orthographic systems of Slavonic and Baltic languages used "ſ" and "s" as two separate letters with different phonetic values. For example, the Bohorič alphabet of the Slovene language included , , , . In the original version of the alphabet, majuscule was shared by both letters.


title: Long s

text: Also, some Latin alphabets devised in the 1920s for some Caucasian languages used the for some specific sounds. These orthographies were in actual use until 1938. Some of these developed a capital form which resembles the IPA letter see .


title: Long s

text: In general, the long s fell out of use in Roman and italic typefaces in professional printing well before the middle of the 19th century. It rarely appears in good-quality London printing after 1800, though it lingers provincially until 1824 and is found in handwriting into the second half of the nineteenth century, being sometimes seen later on in archaic or traditionalist printing such as printed collections of sermons. Woodhouse's "The Principles of Analytical Calculation", published by the Cambridge University Press in 1803, uses the long s throughout its Roman text.


title: Long s

text: The long s disappeared from new typefaces rapidly in the mid-1790s, and most printers who could afford to do so had discarded older typefaces by the early years of the 19th century. Pioneer of type design John Bell (1746–1831), who started the British Letter Foundry in 1788, commissioned the William Caslon Company to produce a new modern typeface for him and is often "credited with the demise of the long s".


title: Long s

text: Unlike the 1755 edition, which uses the long s throughout, the 1808 edition of the "Printer's Grammar" describes the transition away from the use of the long s among type founders and printers in its list of available sorts:


title: Long s

text: An individual instance of an important work using "s" instead of the long s occurred in 1749, with Joseph Ames's "Typographical Antiquities", about printing in England 1471–1600, but "the general abolition of long s began with John Bell's British Theatre (1791)".


title: Long s

text: In Spain, the change was mainly accomplished between the years 1760 and 1766; for example, the multivolume made the switch with volume 16 (1762). In France, the change occurred between 1782 and 1793. Printers in the United States stopped using the long s between 1795 and 1810: for example, acts of Congress were published with the long s throughout 1803, switching to the short s in 1804. In the US, a late use of the long s was in "Low's Encyclopaedia", which was published between 1805 and 1811. Its reprint in 1816 was one of the last such uses recorded in America. The most recent recorded use of the long s typeset among English printed Bibles can be found in the Lunenburg, Massachusetts, 1826 printing by W. Greenough and Son. The same typeset was used for the 1826 printed later by W. Greenough and Son, and the statutes of the United Kingdom's colony Nova Scotia also used the long s as late as 1816. Some examples of the use of the long and short s among specific well-known typefaces and publications in the UK include the following:


title: Long s

text: When the War of 1812 began, the contrast between the nonuse of the long s by the United States, and its continued use by the United Kingdom, is illustrated by the Twelfth US Congress's use of the short s of today in the , and, in contrast, the continued use of long s within the text of responding to the declaration of war by the United States.


title: Long s

text: Early editions of Scottish poet Robert Burns that have lost their title page can be dated by their use of the long s; that is, Dr. James Currie's edition of the "Works of Robert Burns" (Liverpool, 1800 and many reprintings) does not use the long s, while editions from the 1780s and early 1790s do.


title: Long s

text: In printing, instances of the long s continue in rare and sometimes notable cases in the UK until the end of the 19th century, possibly as part of a consciously antiquarian revival of old-fashioned type. For example,


title: Long s

text: After its decline and disappearance in printing in the early years of the 19th century, the long s persisted into the second half of the century in manuscript. In handwriting used for correspondence and diaries, its use for a single "s" seems to have disappeared first: most manuscript examples from the 19th century use it for the first "s" in a double "s". For example,


title: Long s

text: For these as well as others, the handwritten long s may have suggested type and a certain formality as well as the traditional. Margaret Mathewson "published" her "Sketch of 8 Months a Patient in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, A.D. 1877" of her experiences as a patient of Joseph Lister in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh by writing copies out in manuscript. In place of the first "s" in a double "s", Mathewson recreated the long s in these copies, a practice widely used for both personal and business correspondence by her family, who lived on the remote island of Yell, Shetland. The practice of using the long s in handwriting on Yell, as elsewhere, may have been a carryover from 18th-century printing conventions, but it was not unfamiliar as a convention in handwriting.


title: Long s

text: The long s survives in elongated form, with an italic-styled curled descender, as the integral symbol ∫ used in calculus. Gottfried Leibniz based the character on the Latin "summa" (sum), which he wrote "ſumma". This use first appeared publicly in his paper "De Geometria", published in "Acta Eruditorum" of June 1686, but he had been using it in private manuscripts at least since 29 October 1675. The integral of a function with respect to a real variable over the interval is typeset as


title: Long s

text: In linguistics, a similar character (, called "esh") is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet, in which it represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative, the first sound in the English word "ship".


title: Long s

text: In Nordic and German-speaking countries, relics of the long s continue to be seen in signs and logos that use various forms of fraktur typefaces. Examples include the logos of the Norwegian newspapers and ; the packaging logo for Finnish pastilles; and the German logo.


title: Long s

text: The long s exists in some current OpenType digital fonts that are historic revivals, like Caslon, Garamond, and Bodoni.


title: Long s

text: In the 1993 Turkmen orthography, represented /ʒ/; however, it was replaced in 1995 by the letter . The capital form was , which was replaced by .


title: Long s

text: An echo of the long s survives today in the form of the mark , popularly known as a "slash" but formally named a solidus. The mark is an evolution of the long s which was used as the abbreviation for 'shilling' in Britain's pre-decimal currency, written as in "7/6" meaning "seven shillings and six pence". (The name shilling is derived from the Roman coin, the "solidus".)


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: A Bigger Splash is a 2015 psychological drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino and with a screenplay by David Kajganich from a story by Alain Page. Starring Tilda Swinton, Matthias Schoenaerts, Ralph Fiennes, and Dakota Johnson, the film is loosely based on the 1969 Jacques Deray film "La Piscine" and named after the 1967 David Hockney painting of the same name. It is the second instalment in Guadagnino's self-described "Desire" trilogy, following "I Am Love" (2009) and preceding "Call Me by Your Name" (2017). It competed for the Golden Lion at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival.


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: In an isolated villa on the small Italian island of Pantelleria, world-famous rock singer Marianne Lane is on holiday with her filmmaker lover Paul De Smedt. She is recovering from surgery and has lost her voice, communicating only by signs and occasional whispers. He is in recovery from alcohol addiction and a suicide attempt. Neither speaks Italian and their togetherness is interrupted by uninvited visitors.


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: Harry Hawkes is an extroverted music producer who was Marianne's lover until he passed her on to his protégé, Paul. With him is Penelope "Pen" Lanier, a previously unknown daughter of his who says she is 22. Moving into the villa, Harry starts inviting friends around as if it were his home and taking everybody out to various sights and festivities. His arrogant manner bores Pen and annoys Paul, but Marianne starts falling under his spell again; however, when Harry and Marianne begin to become intimate, Marianne stops Harry. She tells him that she does love him, but that she cannot be with him and that she is with Paul. The sultry Pen then makes a play for the unhappy Paul; it is not shown, but implied, that Paul succumbs to Pen's overtures.


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: After drinking on his own, Harry comes back very late and starts a fight with Paul beside the pool. Both fall in, and the fight continues. Paul holds Harry underwater to subdue him, but Harry drowns. Realizing his mistake, Paul pulls Harry to the surface and attempts to resuscitate him, but is unsuccessful and leaves Harry to drift to the bottom of the pool. In the morning, his corpse is seen by the maid, who calls the police. They have more urgent business with refugees landing from North Africa, some floating ashore dead, but take the occupants of the villa in for questioning. Marianne convinces them with the truth that she was asleep, and suggests that the murderer was an intruder. Paul lies, saying he went to bed before the time of death, and is believed. Pen eventually reveals that she can speak perfect Italian, but chose to let her hosts struggle, and her passport reveals that she is only 17. Paul is concerned that Pen may have witnessed his fight with Harry in the pool, but is unable to determine how much she knows, if anything. Paul tearfully admits to Marianne that he killed Harry but tried to save him. At the airport, as Pen is about to fly out, she tells Paul and Marianne something which references something Marianne once said to Harry. Visibly disturbed, Marianne slaps Pen. Pen maintains her composure until she is shown boarding the plane in tears unseen by Marianne and Paul who depart in their car. On the ride back to the villa, they are stopped by the police. It is the investigating officer, but rather than pursuing the case he reveals himself to be a fan of Marianne and wants her to autograph a CD. She obliges and returns to the car where she and Paul share their relief and drive away.


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: The first promo still of "A Bigger Splash" featuring Matthias Schoenaerts, Tilda Swinton, Dakota Johnson and Ralph Fiennes was released on 27 July 2015. A new set of movie stills were released on 3 September 2015. The first clip was released on 5 September 2015. Swinton appeared in-character on the cover of the Autumn/Winter 2015 issue of "AnOther Magazine". In a work of fiction co-authored by Swinton, Glenn O'Brien, Luca Guadagnino, and Dave Kajganich, Marianne Lane gave an interview for the magazine based around events in the film.


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: The first international teaser trailer was released on 1 October 2015. The second trailer was released on 5 January 2016. The second clip from the film was released on 15 January 2016. Fox Searchlight released the first U.S. trailer on 10 February 2016.


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: In February 2015, Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired U.S distribution rights to the film. The film made its world premiere at the 72nd Venice Film Festival on 6 September 2015. It was also selected to screen at the Busan International Film Festival on 2 October 2015 and at the London Film Festival on 9 October 2015. Lucky Red released the film in Italy on 26 November 2015. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 12 February 2016 by StudioCanal. It was released France on 16 April 2016. Originally scheduled to open in United States on 13 May 2016, it was pushed up to 4 May.


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: For its theatrical release "A Bigger Splash" earned $2,024,099 in North America and $5,521,659 in foreign receipts for a total world box office gross of


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: An extended version running 195 minutes, titled "An Even Bigger Splash", screened at the Gothenburg Film Festival on 5 February 2022.


title: A Bigger Splash (2015 film)

text: "A Bigger Splash" received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 89%, based on 184 reviews. The site's consensus states: "Absorbing, visually arresting, and powerfully acted by an immensely talented cast, "A Bigger Splash" offers sumptuously soapy delights for fans of psychological adult drama." On Metacritic the film has a score of 74 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: , also known in Japan as Yuru Camp, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Afro. Set in and around Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, the series chronicles the adventures of Rin Shima, Nadeshiko Kagamihara, and their friends as they travel to various campsites across the country.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: The manga was first serialized in Houbunsha's "Manga Time Kirara Forward" magazine from July 2015 to February 2019 until it was transferred to the publisher website and app for manga called Comic Fuz. It has been collected in fourteen "tankōbon" volumes. The manga is licensed in North America by Yen Press.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: An anime television series adaptation by C-Station aired in Japan on AT-X from January to March 2018; the anime was co-financed and licensed by Crunchyroll. A short anime spin-off, titled "Room Camp", aired from January to March 2020. A live action drama series aired in Japan from January to March 2020, and a second drama season aired from April to June 2021. A second anime season aired from January to April 2021, and an anime film premiered on July 1, 2022. A virtual reality video game based on the series was released in March 2021, and a visual novel developed by MAGES was released in November 2021.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: Rin Shima, a high school-aged girl, enjoys camping on her own. One day, she meets Nadeshiko Kagamihara, who encourages her to join their school's camping club. Together, Rin, Nadeshiko, and their classmates Chiaki Ōgaki and Aoi Inuyama travel around Japan, camping together and enjoying their daily lives.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: The series began serialization in Houbunsha's "Manga Time Kirara Forward" magazine in July 2015 until 2019 when it was transferred to the new website and app Comic Fuz. Fourteen volumes have been released so far. Yen Press has licensed the manga for a North American release, and released the first volume of the manga in English in March 2018.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: A twelve-episode anime television series adaptation, directed by Yoshiaki Kyōgoku and produced by C-Station, aired from January 4 to March 22, 2018. Jin Tanaka supervised the series' scripts and Mutsumi Sasaki designed the characters. The opening theme is "Shiny Days" by Asaka, which was released as a single on January 24, 2018, while the ending theme is by Eri Sasaki. The series was released on three Blu-ray Disc/DVD volumes between March 28 and July 25, 2018, each containing an additional OVA episode. Crunchyroll co-financed, licensed and streamed the series. The season received an English dub, which was released on Crunchyroll on August 2, 2022.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: A second season, new film, and short anime were announced to be in production in October 2018. The short anime, titled "Room Camp", aired from January 6 to March 23, 2020. The series is directed by Masato Jinbo, with Mutsumi Ito handling series composition, and Mutsumi Sasaki as character designer. Yoshiaki Kyōgoku is credited as supervisor, while C-Station is returning to produce the short anime. The theme song for the short series is "The Sunshower" by Asaka. A special episode was bundled with the series' Blu-ray Disc/DVD volume on May 27, 2020. The second season aired from January 7 to April 1, 2021. The opening theme song for the second season is "Seize the Day" performed by Asaka, and the ending theme song is performed by Eri Sasaki. The film premiered in Japan on July 1, 2022, with the main staff and cast members of the television series returning.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: A live-action television adaptation of the manga was announced in November 2019. Actress Haruka Fukuhara portrays Rin Shima, with Yuno Ōhara, Momoko Tanabe, Yumena Yanai, and Sara Shida respectively playing supporting characters Nadeshiko Kagamihara, Chiaki Ōgaki, Aoi Inuyama, and Ena Saitō. The drama premiered on TV Tokyo on January 10, 2020, and its first season concluded on March 27, 2020. A special program is scheduled for broadcast on March 29, 2021, and a second season of the drama premiered on April 2, 2021.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: A virtual reality video game based on the series, titled was developed by Gemdrops. The game is described as a "virtual camping adventure" and is available in two versions, one set at Lake Motosu and another set at the Fumoto Campgrounds on Asagiri Plateau. It is available for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, iOS, and Android, and supports the Nintendo Labo VR Kit and PlayStation VR accessories. The "Lake Motosu" version was released on March 4, 2021, and the "Fumoto Campgrounds" version was released on April 7, 2021.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: Characters from the series appeared alongside other "Manga Time Kirara" characters in the mobile RPG "Kirara Fantasia" in 2018, as well as in collaboration with Akatsuki's mobile baseball game "Cinderella Nine" in 2019, as well as in collaboration with Happy Elements's mobile role-playing game "Merc Storia" in 2021.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: A visual novel, titled , was developed and published by MAGES, and released on PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch in Japan on November 11, 2021. There are no announced plans to release the game in other regions.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: In February 2022, Enish announced the first mobile game for the anime series, which is set to be released that year. In July 2022, pre-registration for the game was opened, with the title being revealed as . In November 2022, Enish delayed the game to spring 2023, stating that it was for "better game content and quality improvement".


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: The English release of the first three volumes of the manga were included on the American Library Association's list of 2019 Great Graphic Novels for Teens. The manga was also nominated for an Eisner Award in the category "Best U.S. Edition of International Material—Asia" in 2019.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: In November 2019, "Polygon" named "Laid-Back Camp" as one of the best anime of the 2010s, describing it as "the ultimate comfy, slice-of-life anime", and Crunchyroll listed it in their "Top 100 best anime of the 2010s". IGN also listed "Laid-Back Camp" among the best anime series of the 2010s, stating that it is "a wonderful celebration of nature and friendship". Patrick Lum of "The Guardian" listed "Laid-Back Camp" as one of his best "iyashikei" anime series.


title: Laid-Back Camp

text: The anime significantly increased local tourism for the places featured, with several campgrounds reporting their number of visitors tripling.


title: Adam Thielen

text: Adam John Thielen (born August 22, 1990) is an American football wide receiver for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Minnesota State and signed with the Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2013. Thielen holds several NFL records, including eight straight games over 100+ yards receiving, and 74 receptions in the first half of a season.


title: Adam Thielen

text: Born in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota, to Pete and Jayne Thielen, Adam Thielen grew up rooting for the Vikings and idolized Pro Football Hall of Fame wide receivers Cris Carter and Randy Moss, and would wear their Vikings jerseys while practicing in his back yard as a child. He attended Detroit Lakes High School, where he participated in four sports (football, basketball, baseball and golf). In football, he helped lead the Lakers to a 9-1 season and was an All-conference and All-state selection in his senior season. That same year, he also was a member of a Detroit Lakes golf team that won the 2008 2A state championship.


title: Adam Thielen

text: After redshirting the 2008 season at Minnesota State Mankato University, Thielen played in nine games and caught 21 passes for 252 yards and a touchdown as a freshman in 2009. As a sophomore in 2010, he started in all 11 games and was named Minnesota State's Offensive Player of the Year in addition to the All-NSIC South Division second-team after he led the team with 41 receptions for 686 yards and six touchdowns. In 2011, he started all 12 games and was a second-team All-NSIC South Division selection for the second-straight season as he hauled in 62 passes for 715 yards and five touchdowns on offense and also handled kick return (three kicks for 77 yards and a score) and punt return duties (22 punts for 217 yards). During the 2012 season, Thielen became the main target for Minnesota State's passing attack and was again the team's starting kick and punt returner, helping the Mavericks to a 13-1 record, as they advanced to the NCAA Semi Finals. He led the Minnesota State receiving corps with 74 receptions for a total of 1,176 yards (15.9 avg) and eight touchdowns. For his efforts, Thielen was named to the NSIC South Division All-NSIC first-team, the Daktronics Super Region No. 3 second-team, and the Don Hansen Super Region second-team. Thielen finished near the top of several career receiving categories after his four years at Minnesota State including finishing second in receiving yards (2,802), second in receptions (198), and third in touchdown catches (20). As a Maverick, he notched five 100-yard receiving games, including a career-high of 167 against Southwest Minnesota State in 2012.


title: Adam Thielen

text: Thielen did not receive an invitation to perform at the 2013 NFL Combine, but he did attend a Regional Combine in Chicago in March, where he performed well enough to warrant an invitation to the Super Regional Combine held in Dallas, Texas in April. There, he showcased his athletic ability, completing the 40-yard dash in 4.45 seconds and impressing in the three-cone drill with a time of 6.77 seconds, a mark that would have placed him in the top-20 at the NFL Combine.


title: Adam Thielen

text: After going undrafted in the 2013 NFL Draft, Thielen attended a rookie tryout and evaluation session at Winter Park with the Minnesota Vikings. On May 6, 2013, the Minnesota Vikings signed Thielen to a three-year, $1.48 million contract as an undrafted free agent. On August 31, 2013, the Minnesota Vikings waived Thielen as part of their final roster cuts (along with 18 others), but was signed to the practice squad the next day. He saw some preseason action as a wide receiver and on special teams.


title: Adam Thielen

text: After a strong preseason performance in both offense and special teams, Thielen earned a spot on the 53-man roster to start the 2014 campaign.


title: Adam Thielen

text: Thielen made his NFL debut in the season opener in a road game against the St. Louis Rams on September 9. In Week 5, he caught his first NFL pass in the Vikings' 42-10 road loss against the Green Bay Packers, finishing the game with four receptions for 57 yards that led the team in receiving. He was named NFC Special Teams Player of Week 13 after he scored his first NFL touchdown on a special teams play in which he blocked Carolina Panthers' punter Brad Nortman's kick and returned the ball 30 yards to the end zone. Thielen briefly held the record for the longest blocked punt returned for a touchdown in franchise history, but was beaten later in the second quarter with a 43-yarder from Everson Griffen as the Vikings had two blocked punts returned for touchdowns in the game. In Week 17 against the Chicago Bears, Thielen scored his first receiving touchdown on a 44-yard pass from quarterback Teddy Bridgewater, after which he promptly gave the ball to his wife (then fiancée) Caitlin.


title: Adam Thielen

text: For the season, Thielen totaled eight catches for 137 yards (17.1 avg) and a touchdown on offense. Also a special teams ace, Thielen was named to the All-Pro Special Teams Kick Return Unit and was named All-NFC North Special Team Player of the Year by Pro Football Focus (PFF) after he finished tied for second in the team in special teams tackles with 12 (9 of them solo).


title: Adam Thielen

text: In Week 4, Thielen hauled in a career-high six passes for 70 yards in a road game at the eventual Super Bowl champions Denver Broncos. In the regular season finale road game against the Green Bay Packers on January 3, 2016, for the NFC North division, the Vikings executed a fake punt during the first drive of the game in which Thielen ran for 41 yards. He carried the ball another time for 26 yards, totaling 67 yards on two carries that tied for second in Vikings history for rushing yards in a game by a wide receiver with the effort. He also added a 16-yard catch as the Vikings ultimately clinched the NFC North title. Thielen finished the season with 12 catches for 144 yards with a long of 30. In 2015, Thielen was honored as the Vikings Special Teams Player of the Year. His seven special teams tackles tied for second on the team.


title: Adam Thielen

text: With Stefon Diggs sidelined due to a groin injury, Thielen received the starting nod in his place for Week 5. Against the Houston Texans, he broke 100 receiving yards in a game for the first time in his career as he finished the game with seven catches for 127 yards and a touchdown. In the Vikings' loss to the Washington Redskins in Week 10, Thielen caught his second touchdown of the season on a 3-yard toss from Sam Bradford and also carried the ball once for 11 yards. Thielen had a career-day on December 24, 2016, in a Week 16 loss to the Green Bay Packers with a 202-yard, two touchdown performance at Lambeau Field. His performance was just the fifth 200-yard receiving performance in Vikings history and the third that saw a Vikings receiver have at least 200 yards receiving and two touchdowns. He had the most receiving yards by a Viking since Percy Harvin in 2011. Thielen needed only 40 yards receiving in the Week 17 Chicago Bears game to hit 1,000 yards on the season, and only once in the previous six games had he been held under 50 yards. However, he was targeted only once for a seven-yard gain to finish the season with 967 yards, giving the Vikings their first pair of Vikings receivers with 900 yards each since Randy Moss and Cris Carter accomplished the feat.


title: Adam Thielen

text: After having entered the 2016 season as an underdog, Thielen ended up leading the Vikings with 967 receiving yards, while also adding a career-high 69 catches and five touchdowns. His 10.0 yards per target and 75.0% catch rate ranked in the top five players among NFL wide receivers. Thielen dropped only two passes on 92 targets according to Sporting Charts, and Pro Football Focus ranked him as the 18th best receiver in the league. For his efforts, NFL.com named Thielen as their "Unsung Hero" for the Minnesota Vikings.


title: Adam Thielen

text: On September 11, 2017, in the season opener against the New Orleans Saints on "Monday Night Football", Thielen started the season off strong with nine receptions for 157 yards. In Week 8, Thielen scored his first touchdown of the season against the Cleveland Browns at Twickenham Stadium, London from quarterback Case Keenum. During Week 10 against the Washington Redskins, Thielen finished with 166 receiving yards and a touchdown as the Vikings won 38–30. The following week against the Los Angeles Rams, Thielen finished the game with six catches for 123 yards, including a 65-yard touchdown reception. During the Week 12 Thanksgiving matchup against division rival, Detroit Lions, Thielen had eight receptions for 89 yards in the Vikings 30–23 victory. Thielen's output put him over the 1,000-yard mark for the season. He became the first Vikings receiver to surpass the 1,000-yard mark since Sidney Rice in 2009. On December 19, 2017, Thielen was named to his first Pro Bowl. The Vikings won the NFC North with a 13–3 record. In the against the New Orleans Saints, he had six receptions for 74 yards in the 29–24 victory. In the against the Philadelphia Eagles, he had three receptions for 28 yards in the 38–7 loss. He was ranked #36 by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.


title: Adam Thielen

text: Going into the 2018 season, Thielen had a new quarterback in Kirk Cousins. He started off the season strong with six receptions for 102 receiving yards in a 24–16 victory over the San Francisco 49ers. He followed that up with a then-career high 12 receptions for 131 receiving yards and a touchdown in the 29–29 tie with the Green Bay Packers. In Week 3, in a 27–6 loss to the Buffalo Bills, he recorded his third consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards with a career-high 14 receptions for 105 receiving yards. In Week 4, in a 38–31 loss to the Los Angeles Rams, he had eight receptions for 135 receiving yards and a touchdown. With this fourth consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards to start the season, he joined Randy Moss and Isaac Bruce as the only players in the Super Bowl era to accomplish the feat. In Week 5, against the Philadelphia Eagles, Thielen recorded seven catches for 116 yards and a touchdown. He became the first player in the Super Bowl era to record five straight 100-yard receiving games to start a season. In Week 6, against the Arizona Cardinals, he had seven receptions for 123 yards and a touchdown. In the following game, against the New York Jets, he had nine receptions for 110 yards and a touchdown for this seventh consecutive game topping 100 receiving yards. As of Week 8, he had 100 yards in each of the first eight games of the year, which is tied with Calvin Johnson for the record for most consecutive 100 yard games in a year. By doing so, he also broke the record for most consecutive 100 yard games to start a season in NFL history. In Week 9, against the Detroit Lions, the streak came to an end when he posted four receptions for 22 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown, which he managed to achieve for the sixth consecutive game. In Week 12, against the Green Bay Packers, he recorded eight receptions for 125 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown in the 24–17 victory. Overall, he finished the 2018 season with 113 receptions for 1,373 receiving yards and nine receiving touchdowns. He was ranked #33 by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2019.


title: Adam Thielen

text: On April 12, 2019, Thielen signed a four-year, $64 million contract extension with the Vikings with $35 million guaranteed, keeping him under contract through the 2024 season. In Week 3 against the Oakland Raiders, Thielen caught three passes for 55 yards and a touchdown and rushed for a one-yard touchdown in the 34–14 win. In Week 4 against the Chicago Bears, Thielen caught two passes for six yards in the 6–16 loss. After the game, Thielen was very critical of Vikings' quarterback Kirk Cousins, saying, "It's so frustrating, it's unbelievable." In Week 5 against the New York Giants, Thielen had a bounce-back performance, recording seven catches for 130 yards and two touchdowns in the 28–10 win. In Week 7, Thielen suffered a hamstring injury against the Detroit Lions, and was out until Week 14. Overall, Thielen finished the 2019 season with 30 receptions for 418 receiving yards and six receiving touchdowns.


title: Adam Thielen

text: In the against the New Orleans Saints, Thielen caught seven passes for 129 yards during the 26–20 overtime win. In the against the San Francisco 49ers, he had five receptions for 50 receiving yards in the 27–10 loss.


title: Adam Thielen

text: Thielen recorded six receptions for 110 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in a Week 1 43–34 loss to the Green Bay Packers. In Week 4 against the Houston Texans, Thielen recorded eight catches for 114 yards and a touchdown during the 31–23 win. In Week 5 against the Seattle Seahawks on "Sunday Night Football", Thielen recorded nine catches for 80 yards and two touchdowns during the 27–26 loss. In Week 10 against the Chicago Bears on "Monday Night Football", Thielen recorded four receptions for 43 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns during the 19–13 win. In Week 11 against the Dallas Cowboys, Thielen recorded eight catches for 123 yards and two touchdowns, including a one-handed touchdown grab in the endzone, during the 31–28 loss. He was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the team on November 23, 2020, which made him unavailable for Week 12 game against the Carolina Panthers. He was activated on December 2, 2020. Overall, Thielen finished the 2020 season with 74 receptions for 925 receiving yards and 14 receiving touchdowns. Thielen's 14 receiving touchdowns were the most in franchise history since Randy Moss had 17 in 2000. He was ranked #80 by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2021.


title: Adam Thielen

text: Thielen entered the 2021 season as a starting wide receiver alongside Justin Jefferson. In Week 1, he had nine catches for 92 yards and two touchdowns in a 27–24 loss to the Cincinnati Bengals. In Week 6, he had a season-high 11 catches for 126 yards and a touchdown in a 34–28 victory over the Carolina Panthers. He suffered an ankle injury in Week 13 and missed the next two games. He returned in Week 16, only to aggravate the injury, which required surgery. He was placed on injured reserve on December 29, 2021. He finished the season with 67 catches for 726 receiving yards and ten receiving touchdowns.


title: Adam Thielen

text: Adam is married to Caitlin Thielen. The couple have three children. Thielen is a practicing Christian.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Chesterfield Football Club is an English professional association football club based in the town of Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England. The team competes in the National League, the fifth tier of the English football league system. Chesterfield play their home games at the 10,500 capacity Technique Stadium, having moved from their historic home of Saltergate during the summer of 2010. Notable former players include record appearance holder Dave Blakey, who played in 617 of Chesterfield's league games, and 162 league goal club record holder Ernie Moss. The club contests numerous local rivalries, most notably with Nottinghamshire club Mansfield Town.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Chesterfield FC was officially established in 1866, though it would be the third incarnation of that name that turned professional in 1891 and changed its name to Chesterfield Town. Town entered the FA Cup for the first time the following year, and competed in the Sheffield & District League and Sheffield & Hallamshire Senior Cup, before joining the Midland League in 1896–97. A third-place finish in 1898–99 resulted in a successful application to the Football League Second Division for the following season. After ten seasons in the Second Division they failed to gain re-election to the League and returned to the Midland League in 1909. They were champions of that league in 1909–10. The club entered liquidation in 1915, and were reformed as Chesterfield Municipal in April 1919. They again rejoined the Midland League and finished as champions in 1919–20.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: The club was renamed Chesterfield FC in December 1920, and became founder members of the Third Division North in 1921–22. They marked their tenth season in the division, 1930–31, by winning the title, though they only managed two seasons in the Second Division before suffering relegation. They again won the Third Division North title in 1935–36, and after World War II recorded their best ever league finish of fourth in the Second Division in 1946–47. However they were relegated again in 1950–51, and were relegated out of the Third Division in 1960–61. Chesterfield won the Fourth Division in 1969–70, and then won the Anglo-Scottish Cup in 1980. After relegation in 1982–83, they again won the Fourth Division title in 1984–85, though would again be relegated after five seasons in the third tier. They secured their return to the third tier with a 2–0 win over Bury in the 1995 play-off Final at Wembley.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Chesterfield reached the FA Cup semi-finals in 1997, but were relegated back to the basement division in 1999–2000. They made an immediate return to the third tier after securing a Third Division automatic promotion place in 2000–01. Relegated in 2006–07, they secured the League Two title in 2010–11, but were relegated from League One the following season. In 2011, Dave Allen took full ownership of the club and oversaw progress to two League Trophy finals; Chesterfield won the trophy with a 2–0 victory over Swindon Town in 2012, and finished as runners-up after losing 3–1 to Peterborough United in 2014. Chesterfield were crowned champions of League Two for a record fourth time in 2013–14, but remained in League One for just three seasons. Two consecutive relegations saw the club relegated out of the English Football League at the end of the 2017–18 season.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Potentially five or more teams have been called Chesterfield Football Club at different times. A "Derbyshire Times" newspaper report from 2 January 1864 noted a scheduled game between "Chesterfield and Norton football clubs", suggesting that a Chesterfield FC, whether loosely or formally organised, was active from at least 1863.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: A second Chesterfield FC was formally created as an offshoot of Chesterfield Cricket Club in October 1867.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: The cricket and football clubs moved to the Recreation Ground at Saltergate in 1871, the same year that they became separate entities. However, a souring of the relationship between the two led to the closure of the football club in 1881, when it found itself homeless. Many players joined other local sides, notably Chesterfield Livingstone, a club that took up using the Saltergate site, and Chesterfield Spital, a team which competed in the early years of the FA Cup.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Three years later, in 1884, a third entity called Chesterfield Football Club was formed, again making its home at Saltergate. It drew in players from the preceding club and both Chesterfield Livingstone and Chesterfield Spital, though records show Spital continued as a separate club. After changing its name to Chesterfield Town, the club turned professional in 1891 and won several local trophies in the following two seasons, entering the FA Cup for the first time in 1892. For the 1892–93 season, the club wore an extraordinary playing strip of all dark blue with the Union Jack emblazoned across the front of the shirt. Chesterfield joined the Midland League in 1896, and successfully applied for a place in the Second Division of the Football League at the start of the 1899–1900 season, finishing seventh. After finishing bottom of the League three years in a row, the club failed to gain re-election to the League in 1909, returning to the Midland League.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: In 1915 Chesterfield Town was put into voluntary liquidation and a new club with the same name was formed by a local restaurateur to play wartime football using locally based "guests" from Football League clubs. It lasted only two years before its management and players were suspended by the FA for illegal payments and the club shut down.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: The current Chesterfield FC was formed on 24 April 1919 by Chesterfield Borough Council, seeing it as a way to spearhead improvements in local recreational provision. Initially called "Chesterfield Municipal", the club made great strides on the pitch in its first season, lifting the Midland League title – and did so despite three changes of management. However, The Football Association and the Football League had already made clear their vehement opposition to a council-run club and ultimately forced it to cut its ties and become independent, reflected in a name change to Chesterfield FC in December 1920.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: In 1921–22, Chesterfield became a founder member of the new Football League Third Division North. Following the arrival of new manager Ted Davison in 1926 and chairman Harold Shentall in 1928, the club won the Third Division North title in the 1930–31 season with an 8–1 victory over Gateshead on the final day, and were promoted to the Second Division. Relegation followed in 1933, but the Third Division North title was again won in 1936.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: After the war the club achieved their best League position, finishing fourth in the Second Division in 1946–47. However, the sale of several players at the end of the season reduced their overall quality, and Chesterfield were relegated at the end of the 1950–51 season. They were placed in the Third Division on its formation at the start of the 1958–59 season; future England international goalkeeper Gordon Banks made his professional debut in a Third Division game in November 1958, but was sold to Leicester City for a then-club record £7,000 fee at the end of the season. In 1961 Chesterfield were relegated to the Fourth Division for the first time.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Chesterfield spent eight seasons in the Fourth Division, earning promotion as champions in 1969–70 under manager Jimmy McGuigan. The Anglo-Scottish Cup was won in 1981. The club was relegated in 1983–84, and won the Fourth Division title the following season. Financial difficulties forced Chesterfield Borough Council to bail out the club in 1985 and the club's training ground to be sold. Relegation followed in 1988–89; Chesterfield reached the play-off competition a year later, but were beaten by Cambridge United in the play-off final. The arrival of John Duncan as manager in 1993 was followed in the 1994–95 season by play-off victories over local rivals Mansfield Town and Bury to earn promotion to the redesignated Second Division. The 1996–97 season saw Chesterfield beat six clubs including Premier League side Nottingham Forest to reach the semi-final of the FA Cup for the first time. The semi-final match against Middlesbrough was contentiously drawn 3–3 after extra time; Chesterfield lost the replay 3–0.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: The club were relegated to the Third Division in 2000 following a run of 21 games without a win, and chairman Norton Lea was replaced by Darren Brown. The following year, Chesterfield were deducted nine points for financial irregularities after Brown attempted to avoid paying Chester City the fee agreed by the FA for Luke Beckett. Amid mounting evidence of fraud, he relinquished control of the club in March 2001 and ownership passed to a hastily organised fans' group, the Chesterfield Football Supporters Society. Massive debts run up by Brown forced the club into administration, but the team still secured the division's final automatic promotion place. (Brown was later sentenced to four years in prison following a Serious Fraud Office investigation that led to charges including false accounting, furnishing false information and theft).


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Chesterfield were relegated to League Two at the end of the 2006–07 season, although they did reach the regional semi-final of the League Trophy and the fourth round of the League Cup in the same year. The club departed its historic home at Saltergate at the end of the 2009–10 season, and moved to newly built B2net Stadium. Chesterfield were promoted to League One after winning the League Two title in 2010–11 season. They went on to win the EFL Trophy for the first time in March 2012, defeating Swindon Town 2–0 in the Final. However, they were relegated from League One the following month, before again returning to the third tier as League Two champions at the end of the 2013–14 season under the guidance of manager Paul Cook.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Chesterfield secured sixth-place in League One at the end of the 2014–15 campaign, and went on to lose 4–0 on aggregate to Preston North End in the two-legged play-off semi-final. Cook departed at the end of the season and was replaced as manager by Dean Saunders. On 14 November 2016, majority shareholder Dave Allen resigned from his roles as chairman and director of the club. This signaled a crisis, and four days later a further four directors resigned from their roles. It was announced that Chesterfield was openly up for sale, and desperately needed some kind of investment in order to avoid administration. Mike Warner was installed as chairman on 19 November. Manager Saunders was then sacked in December 2015 and replaced by Danny Wilson.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: On 8 January 2017, manager Wilson was sacked, with Gary Caldwell being announced as his replacement nine days later. On 16 September 2017, Caldwell was sacked after only achieving three wins in 29 competitive games, giving him the worst win record of any Spireites manager. On 29 September 2017, club legend Jack Lester was appointed the club's new manager, bringing with him Nicky Eaden as his assistant and former caretaker manager Tommy Wright as a first team coach. The new coaching team could not prevent a second consecutive relegation however, leading to the club playing outside the English Football League for the first time since 1921. In the Spireites first season in the National League they achieved a 14th-place finish.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Ownership of Chesterfield changed hands on 6 August 2020 with the Chesterfield FC Community Trust buying the club outright from previous owner Dave Allen. On 7 August 2020 Chesterfield FC Community Trust rewarded John Pemberton by appointing him full-time manager of the club following a spell as caretaker manager from January 2020 where he prevented relegation from the National League. Pemberton was sacked in late November 2020 following a poor start to the 2020–21 campaign, leaving Chesterfield in real danger of relegation from the National League. The club appointed young Gloucester City manager James Rowe.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: In January 2022, club faced defending UEFA Champions League winners Chelsea in the third round of the FA Cup, who fielded a near full-strength squad, with Chesterfield managing to score a goal in a 5–1 defeat by the Premier League side. Less than a month later, Rowe was suspended over allegations of misconduct. He left the club in February. He was subsequently charged with sexual assault in September 2022. The club replaced Rowe with former manager Paul Cook.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Chesterfield's historic ground was Saltergate, officially named the Recreation Ground, which was in use from 1872 to 2010. Saltergate's record attendance was 30,561, which was set when Chesterfield hosted Tottenham Hotspur in the FA Cup fifth round in February 1938.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Since the 2010–11 season, Chesterfield have played their home games at the £13 million B2net Stadium. The first match was against Derby County in a pre-season friendly, which Derby won 5–4, Craig Davies becoming the first goalscorer at the stadium. The first competitive fixture was against Barnet, which ended in a 2–1 win after Dwayne Mattis scored the opening League goal at the ground in the first half. Chesterfield suffered their first home league defeat at the B2net Stadium after a 2–1 loss to Burton Albion on 13 November 2010. The highest attendance at the B2net Stadium was 10,089 at home to Rotherham United which Chesterfield won 5–0 with Jack Lester getting a hat-trick.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: On 13 August 2012, it was announced that, after the acquisition of b2net by Proact, the Stadium would be renamed the Proact Stadium. On 15 May 2020, it was announced that, from August, the stadium would be renamed again, this time to the Technique Stadium, after local education provider Technique acquired the naming rights.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: Chesterfield's geographical position means that the club holds many local derbies. Their main rival is considered to be the Nottinghamshire club Mansfield Town, with the club contending a number of fiery encounters. This was intensified due to the Miners' Strike, with those in Derbyshire largely striking, while those in Nottinghamshire did not, leading to the latter being referred to as 'scabs'. The last fixture between the sides finished in a 1–0 win for Mansfield at the Proact Stadium in April 2018. Chesterfield also have strong rivalries with nearby South Yorkshire clubs Rotherham United, Sheffield Wednesday and Sheffield United. The fiercest of the three rivalries comes with Rotherham, with whom the Spireites have much animosity and mutual dislike. Chesterfield supporters' fondest memory of the fixture is a 5–0 victory over the Millers in March 2011. The rivalries with Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday both came to the fore with the two former Premier League clubs' descent into League One. The Spireites have encountered United much more in recent years, continuing to do battle in the third tier of English football until 2017.


title: Chesterfield F.C.

text: A slight rivalry with Grimsby Town intensified with a number of feisty encounters over the years. Supporters of both clubs often used to cause disturbances at the fixture, leading to the fixture becoming a slight grudge match. Other smaller rivalries include Barnsley, Doncaster Rovers, Derby County, Notts County and Lincoln City.


title: Godwin, Earl of Wessex

text: Godwin of Wessex (; – 15 April 1053) was an English nobleman who became one of the most powerful earls in England under the Danish king Cnut the Great (King of England from 1016 to 1035) and his successors. Cnut made Godwin the first Earl of Wessex (). Godwin was the father of King Harold II () and of Edith of Wessex, who in 1045 married King Edward the Confessor ().


title: Godwin, Earl of Wessex

text: Godwin was born , likely in Sussex. Godwin's father was probably Wulfnoth Cild, who was a thegn of Sussex. His origin is unknown but 'Child' (also written Cild) is cognate with 'the Younger' or 'Junior' and as today associated with some form of inheritance. In 1009 Wulfnoth was accused of unknown crimes at a muster of Æthelred the Unready's fleet and fled with twenty ships; the ships sent to pursue him were destroyed in a storm. Godwin was probably an adherent of Æthelred's eldest son, Æthelstan, who left him an estate when he died in 1014. This estate in Compton, Sussex, had once belonged to Godwin's father. Although he is now always thought of as connected with Wessex, Godwin had probably been raised in Sussex, not Wessex and was probably a native of Sussex.


title: Godwin, Earl of Wessex

text: After Cnut seized the throne in 1016, Godwin's rise was rapid. By 1018 he was an earl, probably of eastern Wessex, and then by around 1020 of all Wessex. Between 1019 and 1023 he accompanied Cnut on an expedition to Denmark, where he distinguished himself, and shortly afterwards married Gytha, the sister of the Danish earl, Ulf, who was married to Cnut's sister, Estrid.


title: Godwin, Earl of Wessex

text: Cnut died in 1035 and England was disputed between Harold Harefoot, Cnut's son with Ælfgifu of Northampton, and Harthacnut, his son by Emma of Normandy. Godwin supported Harthacnut, crowned king of Denmark, and as the latter was beset with a Norwegian invasion of Denmark, it was agreed that Harold should act as English regent for these two half-brothers. In 1036 Alfred Ætheling, younger son of Emma of Normandy and Æthelred the Unready, attempted an invasion of England, but he was intercepted by Godwin, who handed him to Harold Harefoot. Alfred was blinded and died soon afterwards. Godwin's responsibility for the crime was disputed, but whatever the truth it left a stain which affected his future. In 1037, with Harthacnut still in war-stricken Denmark, Harold was recognised as king, almost certainly with Godwin's support.


title: Godwin, Earl of Wessex

text: In 1040, Harold Harefoot died and Godwin backed the successful accession of Harthacnut to the throne of England. When Harthacnut died in 1042 Godwin supported the claim of Æthelred's last surviving son Edward the Confessor to the throne. Edward had spent most of the previous thirty years in Normandy. His reign restored to the throne of England the "native" royal house of Wessex, a branch now in blood intertwined with the Danish-Norman dynasty of Emma of Normandy.


title: Godwin, Earl of Wessex

text: As Edward drew advisors, nobles and priests from his – and his mother's – Normano-French circle to develop his own power base, Godwin led opposition to the influx of the nascent European Norman dominion. After a violent clash between people of Dover and the visiting Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, Godwin was ordered to punish the people of Dover (as he and Leofric, Earl of Mercia had done in Worcester, in that earldom). This time, however, Godwin refused, choosing to champion his own countrymen against a visiting foreign power and defying his own king. Edward saw this as a test of power, negotiating the backing of Siward, Earl of Northumbria and Leofric, to attaint and exile Godwin. Godwin and his sons were exiled from England in September 1051. He along with his wife Gytha and sons Sweyn, Tostig and Gyrth sought refuge in Flanders; sons Leofwine and Harold fled to Dublin, where they gained the shelter and help of Diarmait mac Máel na mBó, King of Leinster. They all returned to England the next year with armed forces, gaining the support of the navy, burghers, and peasants, so compelling Edward to restore the earldom. This set a precedent: followed by a rival earl before 1066; then by Godwin's own son, Tostig, in 1066.


title: Godwin, Earl of Wessex

text: The year after his restoration to earldom, on 15 April, Godwin died suddenly, days after collapsing at a royal banquet at Winchester. According to one colourful account by the 12th-century writer Aelred of Rievaulx, Godwin tried to disclaim responsibility for Alfred Ætheling's death with the words "May this crust which I hold in my hand pass through my throat and leave me unharmed to show that I was guiltless of treason towards you, and that I was innocent of your brother's death!". The work says he then swallowed the crust, but it stuck in his throat and killed him. However, this appears to be no more than Norman propaganda, contemporary accounts indicating that he just had a sudden illness, possibly a stroke. According to the Abingdon version of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", under the year 1053: "On Easter Monday, as he was sitting with the king at a meal he suddenly sank towards the footstool bereft of speech, and deprived of all his strength. Then he was carried to the king's private room and they thought it was about to pass off. But it was not so. On the contrary, he continued like this without speech or strength right on to the Thursday, and then departed this life."


title: Godwin, Earl of Wessex

text: His son Harold (Godwinson) succeeded him as Earl of Wessex, that is, overlord of roughly the southernmost third of England. On the deaths of Earl Siward of Northumbria (1055) and later Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia (1062), the children of Godwin were poised to take near-total overlordship of England, under the king. Tostig was helped into the earldom of Northumbria, approximating to England's northern third. The Mercian earl for the central third of England was then sidelined, especially after Harold and Tostig broke the Welsh-Mercian alliance in 1063. Harold later succeeded Edward the Confessor and became King of England in his own right in 1066. At this point, both Harold's remaining brothers in England were among his nominally loyal earls, Wessex vested in the King directly, and he had married the sister of Earl E(a)dwin(e) of Mercia and of Morcar, Earl of Northumbria (who had replaced Tostig). Thus this "House of Godwin" looked set to found a multi-generational royal dynasty, but instead Harold was overthrown and killed in the Norman Conquest.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: Anjaam Pathiraa () is a 2020 Indian Malayalam-language crime thriller film written and directed by Midhun Manuel Thomas. The film stars Kunchacko Boban, Sharaf U Dheen, Sreenath Bhasi, Jinu Joseph and Unnimaya Prasad. Sushin Shyam composed the music, while Shyju Khalid was the cinematographer. The plot follows a squad of police sleuths assisted by a consultant criminologist, Anwar Hussain, as they attempt to unveil the identity of a faceless killer who employs brutal tactics to slay his victims.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: "Anjaam Pathiraa" was dubbed in Telugu and Hindi as "Midnight Murders" and "Police Story" and was released on "Aha" and "Goldmines Telefilms". The film received positive reviews from critics and audience where it went on to emerge as the highest-grossing Malayalam film of 2020 and was remade in Bengali in 2021 as "Psycho". Following the film's success, Midhun Manuel Thomas has announced a sequel named "Aaaram Pathiraa" ().


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: Anwar Hussain is a psychologist who works as a consulting criminologist in Kochi City Police on the special recommendation of his friend ACP Anil Madhavan. One night, DYSP Abraham Koshi is abducted and his corpse is left in a gypsum field with eyes and heart eviscerated. The investigation is headed by DCP Catherine. The autopsy report shows zolpidem presence in the body, but no signs of coercion. In a few days, a second police officer goes missing, his body is found in the backyard of the police station, along with a Lady Justice figurine. Anwar finds a similar artefact in the previous crime scene from the forensic photos. Autopsy results are the same as previous. The station's CCTV footage has been tampered, indicating the killer is also a security hacker.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: Anwar employs hacker Andrew for cyber investigation. Catherine implements a plan to lure the killer in which two officers should pair and patrol the night at 100-meter distance. During duty, Catherine's driver Paulson is kidnapped. His scooter's camera footage shows a wolf-masked man and another man's voice, indicating they work as a team. Paulson's body is delivered to Anwar's house in a refrigerator box. The fingerprint of a cocaine dealer, Shameer, is found. They track him to a cottage where they find his mummified corpse. It was a decoy. Anwar accidentally discovers a signature imprinted on the figurine, which turns out to be that of its sculptor, Sudhakar Devalokam. On questioning, Sudhakar explains that he made five such figurines for two men, who blinded him after he delivered it. From that, Anwar deduces there will be two more murders.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: On another day, CI Sharathchandran is abducted after a struggle at his home, where in addition to the figurine, they also find a fidget spinner. His body is dropped in a Kochi Metro train by a woman. With that, Catherine is replaced with ACP Prakash Seetharam. Sharathchandran had regularly taken a prescription drug named Tenormin. Anwar theorises that the killers inject hypnotic drug Zolpidem in victim's body somehow before kidnapping and hypnotize them for taking away; Tenormin is a counter-drug against Zolpidem, so Sharathchandran's hypnosis was unsuccessful, hence the struggle. Anwar recalls seeing a photo of a similar spinner in the police file for a homicidal psychopath and hacker named Simon. While Simon is recorded dead during an explosion in prison, Anwar is not convinced. Andrew recognises Simon as the one who cross-dressed as the woman on the train.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: Anwar reports his findings but is informed that Simon and his crime partner Aravindan's bodies were found that morning with a suicide note confessing to the murders left along with the last figurine. Anwar is unconvinced and believes it is a decoy to stop the investigation. Anwar is called by Sudhakar after a man comes to his workshop for a sixth figurine. He has made a facial composite. Anwar identifies him as psychologist Dr Benjamin Louis since he always recommends his psychology books for referring when he goes to be a guest lecturer to psychology colleges. From Benjamin's foster parent Sudhevan, Anwar learns that when Benjamin was a teenager, his sister Rebecca was impregnated by a priest named Bennet Franko. When their father Louis reported the crime, SI Anil and Constable Sharathchandran framed him for assaulting his daughter after taking a bribe from Father Bennet. Rebecca was placed in a distant convent, and their father committed suicide in prison.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: Later, Benjamin went to the United States for higher studies and came back. Anwar deduces that the first three murders were random and the actual targets are Sharathchandran and Anil. He goes to warn Anil but finds only his deserted car. From a nearby quadcopter, Anwar finds footage of Benjamin's van, Andrew traces it to a pig farm. Anwar and two officers intercepts Benjamin before he can kill Anil. Benjamin knocks them down and chokes Anwar, but is saved by Catherine and Benjamin is arrested. On questioning, Benjamin does not disclosing his motive. Anwar deduces that the burned corpse misidentified in prison as Simon's was actually Bennet's. While in transit for presenting him in court, his escort officers kill Benjamin in a fake encounter. At the same time, a woman visits Anil at his apartment. Anwar enters when she leaves and finds Anil dead. Through the window, Anwar calls out the name Rebecca,to which she turns back and looks at him and credits began to roll.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: Initially, Actor-writer Vineeth Vasudevan (who co-wrote Allu Ramendran) who is also a chakyar koothu artiste was roped in to play Psycho Simon, but later got replaced.He later plays a small role in the movie.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: On 24 June 2019, it was reported that Kunchacko Boban would star in Midhun Manuel Thomas' next directorial and filming was said to begin by late July. Sharaf U Dheen, Unnimaya Prasad, Sreenath Bhasi, Jinu Joseph, Jaffar Idukki and Assim Jamal were also confirmed in the cast, and Sushin Shyam and Shyju Khalid will be the composer and cinematographer, respectively. Midhun said that the film is entirely different from his previous films. The film was formally launched with a pooja ceremony on 17 July 2019. Principal photography began on 1 August 2019, also revealing the title.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: The film was released on 10 January 2020. The film was passed with 'U/A' certificate from Central Board of Film Certification.


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: Sajin Shrijith of "The New Indian Express" rated 4 out of 5 and called it "an efficient, well-crafted mystery" and said that it is "director Midhun Manuel Thomas' best work so far." Litty Simon of "Malayala Manorama" rated 3.5 out of 5 stars calling it "a crafty thriller from Kunchacko & Co." and ""Anjaam Pathiraa" will definitely make you restless. It is an excellent theatrical experience. In the film which villain is so complicated and line is multilayered from usual genre which thrills you always." Deepa Soman of "The Times of India" awarded 3 out of 5 and wrote that it was "a decently engaging crime thriller." and appreciated Kunchacko Boban's performance stating that he "gives the right demeanour to Anwar Hussain, as do the rest of the cast." Writing for "The News Minute", Cris called it "a neatly-packed thriller" and added that "the film moves fast, not wasting time on a song or even a line too many, with noticeable performances and negligible flaws." Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion South wrote "In the end, Anjaam Pathiraa turns out to be one of those films that takes a hot-button issue and expects us to care simply because it takes that issue up. The drama is undernourished, the thrills are feeble".


title: Anjaam Pathiraa

text: The film was both commercial and critical success. In the overseas opening weekend, the film grossed US$713,243 from 78 screens in the United Arab Emirates (the best opening of that weekend), US$48,487 (₹34.48 lakh) from 30 screens in the United States, US$6,081 (₹4.33 lakh) from 2 screens in Canada, and A$28,605 (₹13.89 lakh) from 3 screens in Australia. It earned US$19,857 (₹14.2 lakh) in Canada in two weeks, £28,714 (₹26.78 lakh) in the United Kingdom in three weeks, A$85,285 (₹40.98 lakh) in Australia in four weeks, and US$116,759 (₹83.36 lakh) in the US in five weeks. It is the highest grossing Malayalam film of 2020 which collected over ₹50 crore from Worldwide box office


title: To Tell the Truth

text: To Tell the Truth is an American television panel show in which four celebrity panelists are presented with three contestants (the "team of challengers", each an individual or pair) and must identify which is the "central character" whose unusual occupation or experience has been read aloud by the show's moderator/host. When the panelists question the contestants, the two impostors may lie whereas the "central character" must tell the truth. The setup adds the impostor element to the format of "What's My Line?" and "I've Got a Secret".


title: To Tell the Truth

text: The show was created by Bob Stewart and originally produced by Mark Goodson–Bill Todman Productions. It aired—both on the CBS television network, from 1956 to 1968, and in syndication, from 1969 to 1978—and has been revived several times since then, reaching a total of 31 seasons by 2021. The original host was Bud Collyer, who hosted the show during its CBS years from 1956–1968. He was replaced by Garry Moore when the show moved to syndication in 1969, and stayed the host into 1977, though Moore's health trouble resulted in a number of guest hosts during his tenure, and led to his eventual retirement, to be replaced on a permanent basis as host by Joe Garagiola, a former panelist and frequent guest host. Garagiola hosted until the show was cancelled in 1978.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: Robin Ward hosted a 1980–1981 syndicated revival of the program, and a 1990–1991 revival on the NBC network featured a succession of different hosts; the longest-serving were Gordon Elliott and Alex Trebek. The show was revived again in syndication from 2000 to 2002 and hosted by John O'Hurley. The most recent iteration is now on the ABC network and has been hosted by Anthony Anderson since 2016.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: Although there have been some variations in the rules over the years (including the addition of a secondary game in some versions), certain basic aspects have remained consistent throughout all versions of "To Tell the Truth." Three challengers are introduced, all claiming to be the central character. The announcer typically asks the challengers, who stand side by side, "What is your name, please?" Each challenger then states, "My name is [central character's name]." The celebrity panelists then read along as the host reads aloud a signed affidavit about the central character.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: The panelists are each given a period of time to question the challengers. Questions are directed to the challengers by number (designated "Number One," "Number Two" and "Number Three"), with the central character sworn to give truthful answers, and the impostors permitted to lie and pretend to be the central character.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: After questioning is complete, each member of the panel votes on which of the challengers he or she believes to be the central character, either by writing the number on a card or holding up a card with the number of their choice, without consulting the other panelists. Any panelist who knows one of the challengers or has another unfair advantage is required to recuse or disqualify themselves, which, for scoring purposes, is counted as an incorrect vote. They would also sit out of the questioning.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: Once the votes are in, the host asks, "Will the real [person's name] please stand up?" The central character then stands, often after some brief playful feinting and false starts among all three challengers. Occasionally, the central character would be asked to do something else related to his or her story instead of standing up. The two impostors then reveal their real names and their actual occupations. Prize money is awarded and divided among all three of the challengers, based on the number of incorrect votes received by the impostors.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: "To Tell the Truth" was to have premiered on Tuesday, December 18, 1956, on CBS in primetime as "Nothing But The Truth", but the program title was changed to "To Tell the Truth" the day before the show's debut. (There was one pilot episode titled "Nothing But The Truth"; both the planned and eventual titles derive from the standard English court oath "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.")


title: To Tell the Truth

text: The series was recorded in New York City, initially at Studio 54, before moving to the Ed Sullivan Theater late in its run. The existence of an audience ticket for a taping indicates that the show originated in color at the CBS Broadcast Center in late 1966.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: Bud Collyer was the show's host (Mike Wallace hosted the pilot); recurring panelists by the 1960s included Tom Poston, Peggy Cass, Orson Bean, and Kitty Carlisle. (Cass and Carlisle stayed on as panelists for most subsequent editions.) Earlier regular panelists included Johnny Carson, Polly Bergen, Jayne Meadows, Don Ameche, Hy Gardner, Dick Van Dyke, Faye Emerson, Hildy Parks, John Cameron Swayze, Betty White, and Ralph Bellamy. Bern Bennett, Collyer's announcer on "Beat the Clock," was the inaugural announcer of "To Tell the Truth" in the 1950s. Upon Bennett's transfer to CBS's Los Angeles studios, Johnny Olson, who in time became the best-known of all Goodson–Todman Productions announcers, joined the show in 1960 and remained with the show until 1972.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: On the pilot and the primetime run, three games were played per episode. For the pilot, a wrong vote from each of the four-member panel and one wrong vote derived from the majority vote of the audience (a total of five votes) paid $300, the total prize money divided among the three challengers. The studio audience also voted, with the majority vote counting equally with that of one by a celebrity panelist; thus, the maximum of five incorrect votes resulted in $1,500 divided among the challengers. If there was a tie for the highest vote from the audience, and for each panelist who was disqualified, a wrong vote was counted. There was no consolation prize for no wrong votes.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: For the majority of the primetime run there was no audience vote, thus each wrong vote from the four-member panel paid $250, divided among the three challengers, for a possible $1,000 for a complete stump of four wrong answers. A consolation prize of $150 was awarded and divided among the three challengers if there were no wrong votes. For each panelist who was disqualified, a wrong vote was counted. A design element in the set for this series was a platform situated directly above and behind the emcee's desk. The contestants stood on this platform during their introduction, allowing the camera to pan directly down to the host. They then traveled down a curved staircase to the main stage level to play the game. Some subsequent versions would use a variation of the original set design; others did not and had all the action at floor level.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: On Monday, June 18, 1962, a daytime five-day-per-week edition was introduced, running at 3 p.m. Eastern Time. The daytime show, also hosted by Collyer, featured a separate panel for its first three years, with actress Phyllis Newman as the only regular. The evening panel took over the afternoon show in 1965; in early 1968, Bert Convy replaced Poston in the first chair.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: The daytime show was reduced to two games to accommodate a five-minute CBS news bulletin towards the half-hour mark. On the CBS daytime run, each wrong vote paid the three challengers $100 for a possible total of $400 divided among the three challengers for a "complete stump" of all four wrong votes. If all the votes were correct, the challengers split a consolation prize of $75. During the show's final year and a half, the studio audience also voted, with the majority vote counting equally with that of one of the celebrity panelists, thus a maximum of $500 divided among the challengers could be awarded for the maximum five incorrect votes. If there was a tie for the highest vote from the audience, and for each panelist who was disqualified, a wrong vote was counted. The audience vote was utilized on the nighttime show for its final six episodes (increasing the maximum possible payout to $1,250).


title: To Tell the Truth

text: One CBS daytime episode featuring Dorothy Kilgallen, best known as a regular panelist on "What's My Line?", was broadcast in the Eastern, Central, and Mountain time zones on Monday, November 8, 1965, as news of her sudden death was circulated by wire services. The breaking news story prompted CBS newscaster Douglas Edwards to announce her death immediately after the episode ended. She had videotaped the program six days earlier, according to the "New York Herald Tribune". The newspaper added that Kilgallen and Arlene Francis both pretended to be Joan Crawford while sitting next to the real Crawford in a celebrity segment that the daytime series featured regularly starting in 1965. The episode was one of the large majority of "To Tell the Truth" daytime episodes that were destroyed because of the common practice of wiping videotape for reuse, prior to the development of less expensive technology. This was a different half-hour telecast from the 1962 primetime episode on which Kilgallen can be seen and heard as one of the panelists. Game Show Network repeated that episode decades later.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: The primetime show ended on May 22, 1967, with the daytime show ending on September 6, 1968. The latter was replaced by the expansions of "Search for Tomorrow" and "Guiding Light," the last two remaining 15-minute programs on daytime television, to 30 minutes apiece, in a scheduling shuffle with "The Edge of Night", "The Secret Storm", and "Art Linkletter's House Party." Like the primetime version, the daytime show's popularity underwent a steady decline toward the end of its run, as it faced two popular daytime dramas on ABC and NBC, "General Hospital" and "Another World," respectively.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: Metropole Orchestra leader Dolf van der Linden composed the show's first theme, "Peter Pan", used from 1956 to 1961. From 1961 to 1967, the show switched to a Bob Cobert-penned theme with a beat similar to "Peter Pan", and then to a Score Productions tune during its final CBS daytime season.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: Most episodes of the original nighttime run of the series were preserved on black-and-white kinescope, along with a few color videotape episodes. Only a handful of shows remain from the CBS daytime series' first three years because of the then-common practice of wiping videotapes and reusing them due to their high cost and tight storage space. Many daytime episodes (including some in color) from 1966 to 1968 exist, including the color finale.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: "To Tell the Truth" returned only a year later, in autumn of 1969, in first-run syndication. During the early years of its run, the syndicated "Truth" became a highly-rated component of stations' early-evening schedules after the Federal Communications Commission imposed the Prime Time Access Rule in 1971, opening up at least a half hour (a full hour, usually, on Eastern Time Zone stations) to fill with non-network fare between either the local or network evening newscast and the start of their networks' primetime schedules for the evening. Other stations found success running the program in place of a daytime network game or soap opera, or in the afternoon fringe time period between the end of network daytime programming at 4:30/3:30 Central and the evening newscasts.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: Like the network editions that preceded it, the syndicated "To Tell the Truth" taped its episodes in New York for its entire run. Initially occupying the same studio space at the Ed Sullivan Theater that it had for the last few years of the network series, the show would eventually move operations to NBC’s Rockefeller Center studios in the early 1970s.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: Each wrong vote in this version was worth $50 to the challengers; complete stumps of the entire panel won the challengers a total of $500. There were two games per episode, and there was often a live demonstration or video clip to illustrate the central character's story after many of the games.


title: To Tell the Truth

text: The show was first released to local stations on September 8, 1969. A total of 1,715 episodes of this version were produced, with the series ending on September 7, 1978. Some markets that added the series after its initial 1969 release opted to carry the show for another season or two after 1978 in order to catch up on the episodes that had not aired in their viewing area.