title: Banda Singh Bahadur

text: In 1714, a resolute effort was envisaged by Farrukh Siyar to suppress Banda's rebellion, who was evading capture despite significant Mughal endeavors and investment of resources. At first, Mata Sundari (Guru Gobind's widow) was asked to persuade Banda to stop his lawlessness and expedition against the Mughals in exchange for jagirs and recruitment for Sikh soldiers into the imperial army. Banda declined on account of his lack of trust in the government. The Emperor had then imprisoned both of Gobind's widows, prompting Sundari to write to Banda again to get him to submit. Banda had again declined, leading the Emperor to tighten the restrictions on the widows, culminating in the excommunication of Banda Singh Bahadur by Mata Sundari for refusing to submit to the Emperor as per her demands. She further accused him of reigning over the Sikhs as their "Guru". This dispute led to two separate factions of the contemporary Sikh community, the Tat Khalsa; who was allied to Mata Sundari, and the Bandais; who were allied to Banda Singh Bahadur. Mata Sundari's intervention led to half of Banda's followers (approximately fifteen thousand) abandoning him prior to the siege of Gurdas Nangal. Disputes between the Tat Khalsa and the Bandais primarily included topics including Banda's abandonment of the traditional blue robes in favor of red ones, Banda's insistence on vegetarianism, and Banda's replacement of the prescribed Sikh slogan with "Fateh Darshan" as well as concerns over excesses committed by Banda's troops during their campaign of retribution against the Mughals. Banda's excommunication impeded his ability to counter the Mughals and contributed to his eventual capture and execution.


title: Banda Singh Bahadur

text: Modern Sikh tradition speaks of at least two different Khalsas; the Tat Khalsa following the polity and dictates of Guru Gobind Singh precisely, and the Bandais; those who adopted and augmented the principles of Banda Singh Bahadur. The Bandais were reprimanded by Mata Sundari in a hukam-nama.


title: Banda Singh Bahadur

text: Banda Singh Bahadur was put into an iron cage and the remaining Sikhs were chained. The Sikhs were brought to Delhi in a procession with the 780 Sikh prisoners, 2,000 Sikh heads hung on spears, and 700 cartloads of heads of slaughtered Sikhs used to terrorise the population. They were put in the Delhi fort and pressured to give up their faith and become Muslims.


title: Banda Singh Bahadur

text: The prisoners remained unmoved. On their firm refusal these non-converters were ordered to be executed. Every day 100 Sikh soldiers were brought out of the fort and murdered in public. This continued for approximately seven days. He was told to kill his four-year-old son, Ajai Singh, which he refused to do. So, Ajai Singh was murdered, his heart was cut out, and thrust into Banda Bahadur's mouth. However, his resolution did not break under torture, and so he was martyred. After three months of confinement, on 9 June 1716, Banda Singh's eyes were gouged out, his limbs were severed, his skin removed, and then he was killed.


title: Banda Singh Bahadur

text: A war memorial was built where Battle of Chappar Chiri was fought, to glorify heroic Sikh soldiers. The 328 feet tall Fateh Burj was dedicated to Banda Singh Bahadur who led the army and defeated the Mughal forces. The Fateh Burj is taller than Qutab Minar and is an octagonal structure. There is a dome at the top of the tower with Khanda made of stainless steel.


title: Dirty Diana

text: "Dirty Diana" is a song by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It is the ninth track on Jackson's seventh studio album, "Bad" (1987). The song was released by Epic Records on April 18, 1988, as the fifth single from the album. It presents a harder rock sound similar to "Beat It" from "Thriller" (1982) and a guitar solo played by Steve Stevens. "Dirty Diana" was written and co-produced by Jackson, and produced by Quincy Jones. The song's lyrics pertain to groupies. "Dirty Diana" has a moderate tempo and is played in the key of G minor.


title: Dirty Diana

text: "Dirty Diana" received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics, but was a commercial success worldwide in 1988, charting at No. 1 on the United States "Billboard" Hot 100. The song also charted within the top ten in multiple countries, including the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and New Zealand. In 2009, after Jackson's death in June, the song re-entered charts, mainly due to digital download sales. A music video for "Dirty Diana" was filmed in front of a live audience and released in 1988.


title: Dirty Diana

text: "Dirty Diana" was written by Michael Jackson. It was produced by Quincy Jones and Michael Jackson. It appeared on Jackson's seventh studio album, "Bad". The song was released by Epic Records on April 18, 1988, as the fifth single from "Bad". After "Beat It", "Dirty Diana" was the second hard rock song of his solo career with lyrics about a persistent groupie. Jackson hired Billy Idol's guitarist Steve Stevens to back him on the track.


title: Dirty Diana

text: Initial reports at the time suggested the song was a poke at his close friend Diana Ross. However, it was later denied. In fact, Ross started using the song as an overture at her concerts shortly before appearing on stage. In an interview from the special edition of "Bad", Jones later confirmed that the song's lyrics were about groupies. Jackson also confirmed the same during an interview with Barbara Walters, adding that it was not about Diana, Princess of Wales, though he was told personally by the Princess that it was her favorite among his songs.


title: Dirty Diana

text: Musically, "Dirty Diana" is a pop rock and hard rock song similar to "Beat It", with elements of heavy metal. TriniTrent of "The Lava Lizard", when talking about Michael and Janet Jackson's "Scream", evokes "Dirty Diana" along with Jackson's "pop/rock musical direction" he has previously experimented with. John Tatlock of "The Quietus" regards the song as an attempt to recreate "the pop-rock alchemy of 'Beat It'." In his "Bad" review, "Los Angeles Times" Richard Cromelin describes "Dirty Diana" as a hard rock song, writing, "'Dirty Diana' is trying to be this year's 'Beat It' — a hard-rock song about a tenacious groupie that's sent into orbit by a Steve Stevens guitar solo."


title: Dirty Diana

text: Jon Pareles, a writer for "The New York Times", viewed "Dirty Diana" as a song about a "groupie who latches onto the narrator, mixes the sexual fears of 'Billie Jean' with the hard-rock lead guitar of 'Beat It'." In his "Bad" review, Thom Duffy, music critic for the "Orlando Sentinel", wrote that "Dirty Diana, a tale of a maliciously seductive fan, finds Jackson doing credible heavy-metal rock wailing," which, the critic said, was "accompanied by a solo from Steve Stevens, the guitarist from Billy Idol's band." Jonathan Takiff of "The Philadelphia Inquirer" also noted elements of heavy metal in "Dirty Diana", writing, "Plus, to tap the rock crowd (in the style of the 'Thriller' crossover smash 'Beat It' with Eddie Van Halen), Michael cut a heavy metal-tinged 'Dirty Diana' featuring Billy Idol's guitar sizzler Stevie Stevens." "Dirty Diana" is written in common time and moves at a moderate tempo of 131 beats per minute. Jackson's vocals are sung on a range of B to G. The instrumentation consists of guitar and piano and is played in the key of G minor.


title: Dirty Diana

text: "Dirty Diana" received mixed reviews by contemporary music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine felt that "Dirty Diana" and "Man in the Mirror" were "showcasing Jackson at his worst" on "Bad". Music critic Robert Christgau viewed "Dirty Diana" as "misogynistic as any piece of metal suck-my-cock." Jon Pareles described "Dirty Diana" as 'reducing' Jackson to a "terrified whimper," while John Tatlock considered "Dirty Diana" as a "confused lumbering slog of a song," thinking that "Jackson was never convincing in this kind of role, a boy-child trying to write a song about the kind of woman he never meets in the kind of places he's certainly never been to." Davitt Sigerson of "Rolling Stone" gave the song a more positive review; though calling it a "filler," she still commented that the song, along with "Speed Demon," is what makes "Bad" "richer, sexier, better than "Thriller"s forgettables." Sigerson noted that "Dirty Diana" was a "substantial recording" because of its "insubstantial melody." Jennifer Clay of Yahoo! Music commented that while Jackson's edgier image was a "little hard to swallow," the image, musically, worked on the songs "Bad", "Man in the Mirror", and "Dirty Diana", but was not "to the degree of "Thriller"."


title: Dirty Diana

text: "Dirty Diana", similar to "Bad"s previous singles, charted within the top 20 and top 10 worldwide. It peaked at No. 1 on the United States "Billboard" Hot 100 on July 2, 1988, after nine weeks on the chart, and exited the chart after its 14th week. Internationally, "Dirty Diana" charted within the top 30 positions on several music charts. It charted within the top five in the Netherlands, Germany, and New Zealand, peaking at Nos. 2, 3 and 5, respectively. It entered the United Kingdom charts on July 16, 1988, at No. 14 and the following week went to No. 4, where it stayed for two weeks.


title: Dirty Diana

text: "Dirty Diana" peaked at No. 3 in Ireland, No. 7 in Austria and No. 9 in France. It peaked at No. 30 in Australia. Following Jackson's death in June 2009, his music experienced a surge in popularity. In July 2009, "Dirty Diana" saw a strong chart surge, mainly due to digital download sales. The song charted at No. 18 on the French Digital Singles Chart on July 4, 2009. On July 12, the song peaked at No. 13 on the Swiss Singles Chart. "Dirty Diana" re-entered the United Kingdom charts on July 4, 2009, at No. 50 and the following week peaked at No. 26.


title: Dirty Diana

text: The five-minute music video for the song was directed by Joe Pytka and produced by Larry Stessel. The music video was filmed in March 1988 in Long Beach, California. It won the "Number-One Video in the World" at the first World Music Awards held on April 14, 1989. It is featured on the DVD albums "Number Ones", "Michael Jackson's Vision", and the Target version DVD of "Bad 25".


title: Dirty Diana

text: The woman who appears in the video is model Lisa Dean, chosen over hundreds of girls who auditioned for the role.


title: Dirty Diana

text: A second seven-minute long accompanying video of a live performance (which should not be confused with the actual music video) was filmed in early 1988 in front of a live audience during Jackson's show in Madison Square Garden (Steve Stevens playing guitar). The video starts with the screen saying "Pepsi Presents Michael Jackson Tour 1988" in front of a white background for forty seconds. After showing a black screen, Jackson can be seen from a distance performing in front of an audience with the only source of light being blue lights. During Jackson's performance he is dressed in a white button down shirt, black pants and has metal and leather belts on his pants while singing and dancing. In between Jackson's performance from a distance, there are clips of him performing up-close while singing into a microphone, as well as clips of his guitarist Jennifer Batten performing behind him. Jackson then begins dancing and singing to the woman before walking down a cat-walk and dancing near guitarist Steve Stevens. Jackson's performance is then shown from a distance again and the video ends with Jackson finishing his performance and the lights turning blue.


title: Dirty Diana

text: "Dirty Diana" was performed during Jackson's "Bad" World Tour concert series from 1987 to 1989, but only in the second leg, as the 10th song in the setlist. According to Jackson in an interview with Barbara Walters, "Dirty Diana" was scheduled for a live 1988 performance at Wembley Stadium during the Bad World Tour; however, Jackson felt the song would be an insult to Diana, Princess of Wales, who was in attendance, so he had it removed. After Diana informed him the song was actually one of her personal favorites, Jackson re-added the song to the set list. This performance can be seen on the DVD "Michael Jackson: Live at Wembley July 16, 1988". This Is It concert series choreographer, Kenny Ortega, stated in an interview that "Dirty Diana" was going to be performed by Jackson for the concerts from 2009 to 2010. Ortega said that Jackson had planned to rehearse the song before he died. The set up for the song would include an expert pole dancer who would lure Jackson onto a giant steel bed on which she performed acrobatic feats.


title: Dead Like Me

text: Dead Like Me is an American comedy-drama television series starring Ellen Muth and Mandy Patinkin as grim reapers who reside and work in Seattle, Washington. Filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, the show was created by Bryan Fuller for the Showtime cable network, where it ran for two seasons (2003–04). Fuller left the show five episodes into Season 1 because of creative differences; creative direction was taken over by executive producers John Masius and Stephen Godchaux. A direct-to-DVD film titled "" was released on February 17, 2009, with an option to restart the series.


title: Dead Like Me

text: Eighteen-year-old Georgia "George" Lass (Ellen Muth) is the show's protagonist and narrator. George dies early in the pilot episode and becomes one of the "undead", a "grim reaper". George soon learns that a reaper's job is to remove the souls of people, preferably just before they die, and escort them until they move on into their afterlife. George's death leaves behind her mother (Cynthia Stevenson) and the rest of her family at a point when her relationships with them were on shaky ground.


title: Dead Like Me

text: The show explores the experiences of a small team of such reapers, as well as the changes in George and her family as they deal with George's death.


title: Dead Like Me

text: The first scene of the pilot episode introduces an origin-of-death myth where at the dawn of time, "god (lower-case g)" was busy with creation and gave Toad a clay jar containing death which Toad promised to guard. Frog begged Toad to let him hold the jar, something to which Toad finally agreed. An excited Frog juggled the jar and finally dropped it, shattering it on the ground. When it broke open, death got out.


title: Dead Like Me

text: Georgia Lass is aloof and emotionally distant from her family and shies away from her life. After dropping out of college, she takes a temp job through Happy Time Temporary Services. During her lunch break on her first day, she is hit and killed by a toilet seat falling from the deorbiting "Mir" space station. She is soon informed that, rather than moving on to the "great beyond", she will become a grim reaper in the External Influence Division, collecting souls of people who die in accidents (many of which have a Rube Goldberg-style complexity), and homicides. Each reaper has a secret quota of souls; once the quota is met, the reaper moves on to another realm and the last soul reaped then takes his or her job collecting souls.


title: Dead Like Me

text: In Season 1, George has trouble adjusting to her circumstances – collecting souls while holding down a day job. By Season 2, she has mostly adjusted to her new role, with few unresolved issues with her life and her afterlife.


title: Dead Like Me

text: George's family is struggling to deal with her death. Her father, Clancy (Greg Kean), has an affair that affects his marriage to Joy (Cynthia Stevenson). Her sister, Reggie (Britt McKillip), acts out – stealing toilet seats from neighbors and school and hanging them on a tree – until her mother sends her to therapy. Reggie clings to the belief that George visits her, but she is starting to lie to cover this up. At the start of Season 2, the family begins to break apart as Joy and Clancy divorce.


title: Dead Like Me

text: All of the main characters have issues with their life after death, but they cope with it in different ways: Mason (Callum Blue) resorts to alcohol and drugs; Daisy (Laura Harris) puts on a veneer of perkiness; and Roxy (Jasmine Guy) is physically and verbally aggressive. Rube (Mandy Patinkin) and George are more straightforward about their sadness.


title: Dead Like Me

text: Bryan Fuller left early Season 1 because of conflicts with MGM Television, including disagreement over major script and storyline cuts considered important to the main theme. He stated that the "lack of professionalism...made it really difficult. It was like being at war. They were constantly trying to strong arm me. It was the worst experience of my life." According to Fuller, Showtime canceled the show due to "a loss of quality and a sense the problems would continue." Actress Rebecca Gayheart also departed the show after the series' fifth episode.


title: Dead Like Me

text: In the world of "Dead Like Me", grim reapers do not wear black cloaks or carry scythes (cloaks and scythes are only featured during the opening credits, for humorous effect), but their role remains traditional: they remove the souls of the living shortly before death and escort them into their afterlife. One becomes a reaper by being the last soul collected when one's own reaper meets his or her secret quota.


title: Dead Like Me

text: In the series, Death has a list of who is scheduled to die and when. This list is delivered to the head of each group by a shadowy figure (when the delivery is made to Rube's apartment; it is shown that the delivery is made by an actual shadow, with the list of names becoming corporeal only when it is delivered). The head of each group then gives each reaper a non-transferable assignment to collect a particular soul or souls. Completing that assignment is often difficult for the reapers, who receive only the first (and sometimes middle) initial and last name of the person about to die, the location, and estimated time of death (ETD). If a reaper refuses to take a soul at their place of death and the person somehow survives their appointed time, the soul will "wither and die and rot inside" them. If a reaper does not take a soul and the person does die, the soul remains trapped in the body and is subject to extremely traumatic experiences such as witnessing the autopsy of their own body. Deaths can be at least temporarily postponed without risk to the soul's well-being by interfering well in advance of the time of death; thus reapers would not be interfering with the events that lead to the death. However, this may have unintended consequences, such as other people dying because of actions taken by the person who should have died.


title: Dead Like Me

text: Reapers have a physical body and may interact with the living and the dead. Besides collecting souls, reapers have powers to remain ageless, heal extremely quickly (George once severed her middle finger, but was able to reattach it by just putting it back in place, while Mason has sustained what should have been fatal damage on multiple occasions, such as being shot and hit by a car), drink alcohol without suffering a hangover (see "Gravelings"), and forcibly pull a soul from a living body and put it back (as seen done by Roxy in Episode 9 "Sunday Mornings"). When seen by the living, reapers' physical appearances are different from when they were alive to those who knew them, except on Halloween when the living see them as they were in life, and fellow reapers always see their original appearances. Although George is seen by her family and Delores as "Millie," Rube's image was recognizable by a records clerk in a wanted poster seen while Rube and the clerk were doing some research into his past life. Laura Boddington portrays lead character George's undead appearance in the TV series, with Jennifer Rae Westley playing her in the later film.


title: Dead Like Me

text: The passage into the afterlife is shown as a brightly lit scene towards which the newly deceased is drawn. The portal is unique to each soul: for a child, it may be a wonderful carnival, but for a yoga master, it may be a Deva beckoning from within a Divine Lotus. Souls cannot be forced to enter the portals, so part of the reapers' job is to convince them to do so.


title: Dead Like Me

text: Groups of reapers are organized into "divisions" according to various causes of death. Generally, reapers are assigned to a division based upon their own cause of death; Mason tells George in a deleted scene that most of the members of the Plague Division died because of the Plague. In addition to Rube's "external influence" team, the three other divisions mentioned in the series are Circulatory Systems Division, the very uneventful and bored reapers of the Plague Division (who spend much of their time playing bocce ball) and the Natural Causes (Old Age) Division mentioned in the 27th and 28th episodes (according to the running order). (In the pilot episode, the viewer is led to believe that the Plague Division members have been reapers for centuries and will be unable to meet their quota, as plague deaths have become so rare.) While the members of Rube's team of reapers are instructed to never reap animals, George (and Reggie) do meet a child reaper who reaps the souls of animals — suggesting that there may be a fifth division that exists for this purpose. The teams are organized into jurisdictions of geographical areas, with several teams associated with different causes of death operating within one area. It is not known how much geographical area a single division covers, but the reapers in the series seem to cover only a limited area in Seattle and King County, Washington; with reaper Daisy Adair transferring from the SoHo area of New York City.


title: Dead Like Me

text: Gravelings are mischievous gremlin-like creatures that cause the accidents and mishaps (in the form of Rube Goldberg machine scenarios) that kill people. The living generally cannot see them, though in the episode "Reaper Madness", a person with schizophrenia was able to, although Rube refused to believe that was possible. Reapers can see and interact with them to some extent: Daisy once shushed a graveling; Rube yelled, "Get outta here!" once when seeing gravelings desecrating a cemetery statue; and George once chased several angry gravelings around her apartment. Although gravelings seem to be self-aware and recognize the reapers, they do not communicate verbally with them, and talk to each other in a hushed and unintelligible babble; other times they growl or hiss.


title: Dead Like Me

text: According to the episode "Vacation", gravelings are given one day off every few years. Despite the holiday, most reapers are disturbed by their lack of manners and behavior. During this time they display the odd habit of stacking objects into precarious, humanoid towers.


title: Dead Like Me

text: In the episode "Reapercussions" (Season 1 Episode 4), it is noted that if a reaper interferes with and prevents a scheduled death, a "hunting season" will be declared by the gravelings, who will pester the reaper until that soul is taken and order is restored. Some of the reapers, including George, Roxy, Mason, and Daisy, are plagued by the wrath of gravelings throughout the series.


title: Dead Like Me

text: A graveling rose from the body of Ray in "Forget Me Not" (Season 2, Episode 12) following his murder at the hands of a reaper. This graveling retained Ray's mind or some other connection to his life, as it stayed close to Daisy and George's house (where Ray was killed) and expressed anger toward Daisy and Mason for Ray's death. It was also responsible for an unscheduled death at one of Daisy's reaps. Later, in the episode "Always" (Season 2 Episode 14), the graveling was reaped by George, upon which it turned to dust.


title: Dead Like Me

text: In the episode "The Shallow End" (Season 2, Episode 4) a child George in a flashback sees gravelings as she sinks into a swimming pool, with the gravelings appearing to hesitate from claiming her life (although it is not clear whether she actually saw the gravelings), and again in "Haunted" (Season 2, Episode 15) George recalls a Halloween afternoon when as a young girl she saw a graveling scurrying around in the background behind a man who, after she became a reaper, she realizes is a serial killer.


title: Dead Like Me

text: Viewers are told that in the beginning, god created death and, not knowing what to do with it, kept it in a sealed urn. Toad was asked by god to watch the urn but Frog pestered Toad into giving it to him. Frog proceeded to juggle the jar from foot to foot and accidentally dropped it, thus letting death out, whereby everything from that point had to die. George is frequently shown caring for an albino Argentine horned frog (also known as a Pacman frog) identical to the one shown as Toad during the opening narration.


title: Dead Like Me

text: On April 18, 2007, MGM announced it was developing several direct-to-DVD movies and sequels. First among them was a new film based on "Dead Like Me".


title: Dead Like Me

text: The movie is set five years after the first series episode. The movie's release date was originally set for the summer of 2008, then changed to February 17, 2009. Before its general release, it had a television debut on January 16, 2009, on SuperChannel in Canada. In the movie, the role of Daisy is played by Sarah Wynter. Rube does not appear (he reportedly had moved on), but is mentioned by the characters; the new leader of the reapers is Cameron Kane, played by Henry Ian Cusick.


title: Dead Like Me

text: La-La Land Records released a soundtrack containing the original score to the series composed by Stewart Copeland on May 25, 2010, as a limited release of 3000 units.


title: Dead Like Me

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 69% with an average score of 6.3 out of 10 based on 16 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Dead Like Me" is a required (after)taste, but the series' acidic wit and wry observations about the simple pleasures of life and death overcome the deficit in likable characters."


title: Dead Like Me

text: The show's complete ratings were not released, though executives had claimed to at least one reporter that "Dead Like Me" had ratings three times Showtime's primetime average. This contrasts with the network's statement that the ratings were not high enough for a third season. The ratings for the series premiere were 1.11 million, a record for a Showtime series premiere that was not beaten until the premiere of "Shameless" seven years later.


title: Danna Paola

text: Danna Paola Rivera Munguía (born 23 June 1995) is a Mexican singer, model and actress. She gained popularity as a child actress and singer, starring in dozens of television projects throughout her early childhood and adolescence.


title: Danna Paola

text: Danna Paola was born and raised in Mexico City, Mexico. She is the daughter of Patricia Munguía and Juan José Rivera Arellano, the former singer of Grupo Ciclón and Los Caminantes. Her parents divorced during her childhood. She has an older sister, Vania Rivera Munguía.


title: Danna Paola

text: Danna Paola's acting career began in 1999 when at age 4 she and her sister attended Televisa's casting call in Mexico City for "Plaza Sésamo", the Mexican version of "Sesame Street". Both were later cast on the show and appeared in several episodes.


title: Danna Paola

text: In 2004, she was chosen as the lead in the successful children's series "Amy, la niña de la mochila azul". Her second studio album, "Océano", soon followed. A year later, she was the female lead of "Pablo y Andrea", the television adaptation of the classic novel "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer". Over the next several years, she earned parts in multiple television series produced by Televisa.


title: Danna Paola

text: In 2009, she was cast as "Patito" in "Atrévete a Soñar", the Mexican remake of the popular Argentine children's telenovela "Patito Feo". Danna Paola filmed two seasons of the show and production was concluded in late 2009. "Atrévete a Soñar" marked Paola's transition from children's to teen telenovelas. Paola and the cast of the telenovela recorded two soundtracks and toured across Mexico in order to promote the show. The telenovela and its soundtrack were commercially successful throughout Mexico and Latin America. The soundtrack was certified double platinum in Mexico.


title: Danna Paola

text: In late 2010, she voiced Rapunzel for the Latin American Spanish-language dubbing of the Disney film "Tangled" and participated in the film's Spanish-language soundtrack.


title: Danna Paola

text: In May 2013, Danna Paola auditioned for the first Spanish-language production of the Broadway musical "Wicked" in Mexico City. She auditioned for both Glinda and Elphaba, performing "Popular" and "Defying Gravity". Later that same month, the final cast for the Mexican production was announced, with Paola cast as Elphaba. The production opened in Mexico City at Teatro Telcel on 17 October 2013 and closed on 18 January 2015. Critics in Mexico, as well as the play's original composer, Stephen Schwartz, praised her performance. In addition to being well received by critics, the play was also a commercial success in Mexico City. During its first 10 weeks, "Wicked" sold over 100,000 tickets and had more than 100 performances; it broke a box office record, making it one of the most successful theatre productions in Mexico's history. At the age of 18, Danna Paola was the youngest person to play the role of Elphaba in a professional theatre production.


title: Danna Paola

text: In January 2014, Danna Paola was cast in the movie "Saving Sara Cruz", a modern-day remake of the 1992 film "The Bodyguard". Production on the film never began and the project was later shelved.


title: Danna Paola

text: In March 2014, Danna, debuted as fashion designer collaborating with the popular Mexican clothing brand Sexy Jeans. Her line, "Danna Paola, by Sexy Jeans", was commercially successful, with products selling out across Mexico.


title: Danna Paola

text: In August 2014, Danna participated in the ABBA tribute album "Dancing Queens", recording a cover of "Take A Chance On Me". "Take A Chance On Me" was released as single on 2 September 2014 and debuted at number 1 on iTunes México.


title: Danna Paola

text: On 29 October 2014, she performed "No hay bien", the Spanish-language version of "No Good Deed", to a sold-out crowd at the Auditorio Nacional for the "Lunas del Auditorio" award show. That night, "Wicked" received an award in the "Broadway Show" category.


title: Danna Paola

text: Danna Paola appeared in over 300 performances of "Wicked" from 2013 to early 2015. Following the conclusion of "Wicked", she was invited by producer Alex Gou to join the cast of the musical "Hoy No Me Puedo Levantar", where she played the lead role of Maria and went on tour throughout Mexico.


title: Danna Paola

text: In August 2015, she recorded the duet "Mientras Me Enamoras" with Mexican singer Lalo Brito. A music video was also filmed, and it premiered on Brito's YouTube channel in September 2015. In mid-2015, Paola moved to Miami to film the telenovela drama "¿Quién es quién?". The project was her first telenovela role outside of Televisa. Filming for the program concluded in September 2015. "¿Quién es quién?" began airing weeknights in the U.S. on Telemundo on 9 February 2016.


title: Danna Paola

text: In early 2016, Paola filmed in the Mexican movie "¡Como va! Lo más sencillo es complicarlo todo" (later renamed "Lo más sencillo es complicarlo todo"), on location in Mexico City, Puerto Vallarta, and Querétaro. The movie was released in Mexican cinemas on 26 January 2018. In mid-April 2016, she was confirmed as a cast member in the telenovela drama "La Doña", produced by Telemundo. The telenovela filmed in Mexico and premiered in November 2016. The finale aired on Telemundo in the U.S. on 1 May 2017.


title: Danna Paola

text: In 2017, Paola was cast in the Telemundo bio-series "José José: El príncipe de la canción", based on the life of Mexican singer José José. Paola played famed Mexican singer-songwriter, Lucero, and appears in 4 episodes of the show. The miniseries premiered on Telemundo on 15 January 2018. In late January 2018, Paola was scheduled to begin filming a role in the bio series based on the life of Mexican actress Silva Pinal. She later dropped out before filming began and instead revealed that she was cast in the Netflix original Spanish teen thriller television series "Élite". Production for the television show forced Paola to move to Madrid for six months starting in January 2018. She was cast in the program following a long audition process in 2017. The show was shot in 4K and it premiered globally on Netflix in October 2018; Paola went on to star in 3 seasons of the series. In 2019, Paola was cast as a judge on the singing-competition series La Academia for TV Azteca. In 2021, she was cast as a mentor in Spanish singing competition series "Top Star. ¿Cuánto vale tu voz?" for Telecinco.


title: Danna Paola

text: Paola decided at the end of the third season of Élite that she would quit acting and focus on music instead.


title: Danna Paola

text: In mid-January 2016, Paola was revealed as the new face of L'Oreal Paris's "Casting Crème Gloss" hair color line for the Latin American market. The line is a collaboration between L'Oreal's Excellence and Preference lines. As part of the promotion, Paola dyed her hair and appeared in print and television ads for the brand.


title: Danna Paola

text: In 2011, she began the production for her fourth solo studio album which also served as her debut album as a "grown-up" solo recording artist. Her previous discography included songs for telenovelas, children's music, and film soundtracks. She revealed that she wanted her new album to reflect her growth as an artist and shed her image as a child actress. "Ruleta", written by Mexican pop singer Paty Cantú, was announced as the album's lead single. The official music video premiered on Paola's official VEVO channel on 14 March 2012. The single rose to number 32 on the Top Mexican Airplay charts in July 2012.


title: Danna Paola

text: In-mid February 2016, she announced that her upcoming single, "Baila hasta caer", would be released in March for radio and digital download. The song was recorded in Miami sometime during the filming of her telenovela "¿Quién es quién?".


title: Danna Paola

text: As part of the 2018 film release for "Lo más sencillo es complicarlo todo", she released the single "¿Dónde estabas tú?" in November 2017. Her latest single, "Oye Pablo", was released on 29 August 2019.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Terrell Raymonn Suggs (born October 11, 1982), nicknamed "T-Sizzle", is an American former professional football player who was an outside linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arizona State, and was recognized as a unanimous All-American. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens tenth overall in the 2003 NFL Draft, and is the franchise's all-time leader in sacks. He also played for the Arizona Cardinals and the Kansas City Chiefs.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Suggs is a seven-time Pro Bowl selection, a two time All-Pro, and was named NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2011. Suggs has won two Super Bowls in his career, Super Bowl XLVII in 2012 with the Ravens and Super Bowl LIV in 2019 with the Chiefs, both over the San Francisco 49ers. Suggs is 8th on the NFL's all-time sacks list (tracked since 1982) and 1st all-time in tackles for a loss (tracked since 1999).


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Suggs was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Laverne Dian (née Kennedy) and Donald Lee Suggs. He was raised in St. Paul, Minnesota. While growing up in Saint Paul, he played youth football, as a center, with future major league MVP baseball player Joe Mauer as quarterback. Suggs moved to Arizona after the eighth grade.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: As a teenager, he attended multiple schools, the first being Chandler High School. He later transferred to Hamilton High School where he set the Arizona Class 5A record for rushing yards in a game with 367 against Yuma Kofa as a junior in 1999.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: As a senior, Suggs was named a "Parade" high school All-American in 2000, Gatorade Arizona Player of the Year, the No. 1 jumbo athlete in the nation by "SuperPrep Magazine", Arizona Player of the Year by USA Today as well as an All-American by "USA Today" and the 60th-best player in the nation by "Sporting News".


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Suggs decided to attend Arizona State University, where he played defensive end for coach Bruce Snyder and coach Dirk Koetter's Arizona State Sun Devils football teams from 2000 to 2002. He finished his career with 163 tackles, including a school, career-record 65.5 tackles for losses, and 44 quarterback sacks, 14 forced fumbles, three fumble recoveries, two interceptions, and nine passes deflected. He set an NCAA single-season record with 24 sacks in 2002. Following his 2002 junior season, he was a first-team All-Pac-10 selection and the Pac-10 Defensive Player of the Year. He won the Bronko Nagurski Award, the Ted Hendricks Award, and the Vince Lombardi Award. He was recognized as a unanimous first-team All-American.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Suggs was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the first round with the 10th overall pick in the 2003 NFL Draft, becoming one of the youngest defensive players ever drafted at only 20 years old.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Suggs enjoyed immediate success as a rookie in 2003 as he tied an NFL record by posting a sack in each of his first four games. He finished the season with 27 tackles (19 solo), 12 sacks (a Ravens franchise rookie record), six forced fumbles, two pass deflections, and one interception, earning him Defensive Rookie of the Year honors while only starting one game that year.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In 2005, the Ravens' new defensive co-ordinator Rex Ryan, son of famous defensive coordinator Buddy Ryan, moved Suggs from outside linebacker to defensive end in many of the defensive schemes. In Week 13, Suggs earned AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his game against the Houston Texans. Despite registering a then-career-low eight sacks, Suggs also set new career-highs in tackles with 69 (46 solo) and interceptions with two.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In 2006, Suggs was part of the NFL's best overall defense, the unit allowing a league-low 12.6 points per game. He recorded 64 tackles (46 solo), 9.5 sacks, and set a new career-high in pass deflections with eight. After the season, he was voted to the Pro Bowl for the second time. He was a major contributor as the Ravens went 13–3. For the season, Suggs started nine games at right defensive end in the Ravens base 4–3 and seven games at outside linebacker when the Ravens started game in a base 3–4 defense. Suggs earned attention for his flashy playing style, "Suggs evolved into one of the league's best pass-rushers whether he is blitzing as a linebacker or rushing from defensive end with one hand on the ground."


title: Terrell Suggs

text: The following season in 2007, Suggs made 80 tackles (52 solo) and five sacks, as he and the Ravens plummeted to 5–11. Like the season before, Suggs was a hybrid defensive end/linebacker, playing 50 percent of the defensive snaps at defensive end in the Ravens base 4–3 defense.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: On February 19, 2008, the Ravens placed the franchise tag on Suggs. He initially filed a grievance because the team had designated him as a LB with the franchise tag rather than a DE, which resulted in a monetary difference of about $800,000. Despite being unhappy with the franchise tag, Suggs reported to off-season mini-camps to practice with the team. On May 13, 2008, he reached an agreement with the team to split the difference in the franchise tag amounts of a LB and a DE and drop his grievance.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In Week 7 of the 2008 NFL season, Suggs intercepted a pass from Chad Pennington of the Miami Dolphins and returned it 44 yards for a touchdown, the first pick six of his professional career. He earned AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his game against Miami. Two weeks later, he intercepted Derek Anderson of the Cleveland Browns for a game-sealing touchdown. At season's end, he was named to his third Pro Bowl after producing 68 tackles (53 solo), two forced fumbles and eight sacks to go along with the two interceptions, a new career-high nine pass break-ups and two touchdowns. During the 2008–09 NFL playoffs, Suggs recorded sacks in all three of the Ravens' post-season games, including two in the against Ben Roethlisberger and the division-winning Pittsburgh Steelers.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: On February 18, 2009, he was once again given the Ravens' franchise tag. On July 15, 2009, the Ravens signed him to a 6-year, $62.5 million contract. His bonus money ($33.1 million) made him the highest paid linebacker in NFL history.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: The 2009 season was not as productive for Suggs as he recorded a career-low in sacks with 4.5. Playing above his normal playing weight, he also missed the first three games of his career due to injury after quarterback Brady Quinn dove at his legs after cornerback Chris Carr intercepted a pass. In the against the New England Patriots, Suggs sacked and forced a Tom Brady fumble before recovering the ball on the Patriots' opening drive, helping the Ravens ultimately win 33–14.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In 2010, Suggs compiled 68 tackles (53 solo), 11.5 sacks, two forced fumbles and two pass deflections. In the playoff win over the Kansas City Chiefs in the , he made four tackles (all solo) and two sacks. Against the Pittsburgh Steelers in the , he recorded six tackles (five solo), a career-high three sacks, and a forced fumble that was recovered and returned for a touchdown by fellow defensive end Cory Redding, but the Ravens would go on to lose 24–31 after squandering a 21–7 halftime lead. He earned a fourth Pro Bowl nomination. He was ranked 40th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: 2011 saw Suggs have the best season of his career, which started with a Defensive Player of the Week-winning performance against the Steelers. In a 35–7 blowout, Suggs recorded three sacks and two forced fumbles, contributing heavily to the defense's seven turnovers.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Suggs had two more games that season with three sacks, the second on Thanksgiving in a 16–6 win over the NFC's number-two-seeded San Francisco 49ers and the third in a 24–10 win over the Indianapolis Colts. He earned AFC Defensive Player of the Week honors for both performances. He finished the season with career highs in sacks (14) and forced fumbles (7), tied his career high for interceptions (2), and also had 50 total tackles and six passes defended. He was named to his fifth Pro Bowl and first All-Pro first team.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: The Ravens entered the playoffs with a 12–4 record and the number-two seed in the AFC. They had their season ended by the New England Patriots in the after a dropped touchdown by Lee Evans and a notorious missed field goal by Billy Cundiff. On February 4, 2012, Suggs was named the NFL's Defensive Player of the Year.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: During the 2012 offseason, Suggs tore his Achilles tendon allegedly while playing basketball; though Suggs and his agent have claimed that he was hurt while doing conditioning workouts. Owner Steve Bisciotti stated that it was no concern where he hurt it and the Ravens will not try to avoid paying him his contract. Some medical experts believed that Suggs' injury should have forced him to miss the 2012 season, however Suggs claimed he would return by November 2012. On October 20, 2012, Suggs was removed from the physically unable to perform (PUP) list, allowing him to play the next day against the Houston Texans. Suggs has been the first player in NFL history to recover so quickly from such a serious injury. Suggs' return surprised many, as he finished the game with four tackles (three solo), one pass defended, and one sack, less than five and a half months after having Achilles tendon surgery. He finished the 2012 season with 22 total tackles, two sacks, and four passes defensed in eight games.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Suggs was key in the Ravens win over the Denver Broncos in the Divisional Round of the playoffs with two sacks on Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning, after which, the Ravens advanced to New England in a rematch of the previous year's AFC Championship Game where they defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 28–13. The win gave Suggs his first ever and his first appearance in the Super Bowl, being Super Bowl XLVII against the San Francisco 49ers. In that game, the Ravens won 34–31, earning Suggs his first Super Bowl ring. He was ranked 56th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2013.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In the 2013 season, Suggs started all 16 games with 80 tackles, a fumble recovery, and ten sacks. Suggs was elected to participate in the Pro Bowl for his sixth such nomination. He was ranked 26th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In Weeks 6–8, Suggs had one sack in each game. In Week 7, the sack he recorded on Falcons quarterback Matt Ryan was for a safety, and he recovered a fumble.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: From Weeks 10–17, Suggs recorded at least one sack in each game, with the one exception being the Week 16 loss to the Houston Texans. In Week 10, Suggs had 1.5 sacks on Titans rookie quarterback Zach Mettenberger. Two weeks later, in a Monday Night Football matchup against the New Orleans Saints, Suggs accounted for a sack against Saints quarterback Drew Brees. With the hit, Suggs became the 31st player in NFL history to register over 100 sacks, and the first member of the Baltimore Ravens to achieve such a milestone.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In the Ravens' season finale, Suggs recorded a sack, a defended pass and a fumble recovery, all on Browns first-time-starting quarterback Connor Shaw. The Ravens clinched a Wild Card spot in the playoffs that day. Suggs finished the year with 12 sacks, a pass defended, a fumble recovery, and a safety. He and Elvis Dumervil led the league in sacks by a pair with 29.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In the of the playoffs, Suggs intercepted a pass from Ben Roethlisberger in the fourth quarter. The ball bounced off the hands of running back Ben Tate, the intended receiver on the play, and landed between a diving Suggs's legs. The Ravens won this game 30–17 and moved onto the against the New England Patriots, where they lost to the eventual Super Bowl champions. He was ranked 84th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In the regular season opener against the Denver Broncos on September 13, 2015, Suggs suffered an achilles injury and left the game. Hours later, an MRI revealed that his achilles was torn, which prematurely ended his 2015 season.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In the 2016 season, Suggs appeared in 15 games. He recorded 8.0 sacks, 28 tackles, seven assisted tackles, four passes defended, and three forced fumbles. He led the team in sacks, forced fumbles, tackles-for-loss, and quarterback hits.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In the 2017 season opener against the Cincinnati Bengals, Suggs recorded two sacks and forced a fumble off of quarterback Andy Dalton in the third quarter of the 20–0 victory. The fumble, which was recovered by teammate Michael Pierce, occurred in the Ravens' red zone and helped preserve the eventual shutout victory. In Week 2, against the Cleveland Browns, he forced a fumble off DeShone Kizer, which help set up the Ravens' offense on an eventual touchdown scoring drive in the 24–10 victory. In Weeks 11 and 12, he had two sacks in each game, helping the Ravens win back-to-back times against the Green Bay Packers and Houston Texans. On December 19, 2017, Suggs was named to his seventh Pro Bowl.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: The Ravens finished the season with a 9–7 record, but missed the playoffs due to blowing the lead in the last fifty seconds of the fourth quarter in their season finale against the Bengals.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In 2018, Suggs finished tied for second on the team with seven sacks, along with 34 combined tackles, six passes defended, a forced fumble, and a fumble recovery he returned for a touchdown in Week 12 against the Oakland Raiders.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Suggs made his debut with the Cardinals in Week 1 against the Detroit Lions. In the game, Suggs sacked Matthew Stafford twice in the 27–27 tie. Week 2 of the 2019 season saw Suggs go to Baltimore for the first time in an opposing team's jersey. As Suggs ran onto the field he received a standing ovation from Ravens fans. He had one solo tackle during the Cardinals' 23–17 loss. The Cardinals finished the season 5–10–1, and Suggs went to the Chiefs. Also, in Week 4 against the Seattle Seahawks, Suggs sacked Russell Wilson 1.5 times in the 27–10 loss. On December 13, 2019, Suggs was released by the Cardinals.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: On December 16, 2019, Suggs was claimed off waivers by the Kansas City Chiefs. Suggs moved to the defensive end position in the Chiefs 4–3 defense. He won the second Super Bowl ring of his career in Super Bowl LIV when the Chiefs beat the San Francisco 49ers 31–20 in a 4th quarter comeback. He had two total tackles and a quarterback hit in the Super Bowl.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: In December 2003, Suggs was charged with felony aggravated assault stemming from a March 2003 incident in Arizona, in which it was alleged that a verbal altercation after a basketball tournament led to Suggs assaulting a man with a piece of reinforcement rod. Apparently the parties had a disagreement during the tournament, and it was claimed that Suggs swung at the victim and broke his nose and cheekbone. In June 2005, however, Suggs was acquitted of the charges, with a juror commenting that guilt beyond a reasonable doubt was not established.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: A series of allegations were made by his girlfriend, Candace Williams; in 2009 she alleged he threw a soap dispenser at her head, struck her in the chest with his hand and held a bottle of bleach over her and their 1-year-old son. No criminal charges were filed against Suggs, however, and Williams' subsequent lawsuit was dismissed. In September 2012, he was accused of punching and dragging his girlfriend Candace Williams beside his car while his two children were inside. A temporary protective order was placed against Suggs, who was required to surrender his seven firearms, which included an AK-47, and a judge dismissed the order on December 12. Despite Suggs's rocky relationship with Williams, the two married on December 14, 2012, and the protective order was removed. The couple have two children together. His wife filed for divorce in 2015.


title: Terrell Suggs

text: Suggs is Jewish through his paternal grandfather. He has had a Jewish star tattooed on his right arm since 2009, which he says he got "to remind me of who I am," and wears a Star of David necklace. Suggs wore a Star of David on his cleats during a game in October 2019 to commemorate the one-year anniversary of the deadly Tree of Life – Or L'Simcha Synagogue shooting in Pittsburgh.


title: Brabus

text: Brabus GmbH (stylized in uppercase) is a German high-performance automotive aftermarket tuning company founded in 1977 in Bottrop (Ruhr area). Brabus specialises in Mercedes-Benz, Maybach and Smart vehicles, although in 2022 it also tuned two Porsches and even a Rolls-Royce. Brabus is the largest Mercedes-Benz tuner after Mercedes-AMG, a subsidiary of the Mercedes-Benz Group since the 1990s.


title: Brabus

text: The company began with Bodo Buschmann wanting to customise his cars, but discovered most existing customisers could not grasp his vision or meet his requirements, so he decided to start his own brand. After Buschmann had decided to start his own brand, Brabus GmbH was originally registered in 1977 in West Germany with Buschmann's friend Klaus Brackmann because German law required a company must be established with at least two people. The company name was derived from the first three characters of the founders' surnames (Brackmann, Buschmann). Following the company's foundation, Brackmann did not show interest in modifying vehicles or running a business, so he sold his company shares to Buschmann for 100 euros.


title: Brabus

text: Brabus's primary focus is to achieve maximum car performance through the increase of horsepower and movement. Customers can either buy cars from Brabus, or send in their cars to be customized and/or overhauled. Customers ordering a car directly involves Brabus purchasing a particular model from Mercedes and then modifying it according to the customer's requests. Brabus is known for providing expensive tuning.


title: Brabus

text: Brabus also offers cosmetic modifications including low profile spoilers, body kits, carbon fiber splitters, and multi-piece alloy wheels. Other upgrades include racing LSDs, open racing exhaust systems, twelve-piston disc brakes, and engine remapping. Customers can also have complete engine overhauls, or have new crate engines from AMG modified for them.


title: Brabus

text: Brabus engines range from small K4 blocks for SLK roadsters and CLK-Class to the twin-turbo blocks for the S-Class. The company also provides improvements to the interior from custom upholstery, gauges, shiftknobs, pedals, and trim to various electronics such as wider LCD screens for the Maybach.


title: Brabus

text: The company has built special editions of Mercedes-Benz, Maybach, Rolls Royce, Porsche, and Smart vehicles.


title: Brabus

text: The Brabus K8 performance kit for the SL model (SL55) includes modifications to the supercharger incorporating a custom vibration damper and pulley, high-performance metal catalysts, and an auxiliary circulation pump with an opposing radiator. Power is increased from a standard to at 6,200 rpm. The maximum torque is at 3,000 rpm. The roadster is claimed to reach in 4.1 seconds, passes after 13.6 seconds and reaches an electronically limited top speed of .


title: Brabus

text: Between 2006 and 2007 Brabus produced and sold 50 Smart Fortwo Edition Red cars for the UK market. All of these vehicles were originally produced with a black Tridion safety cell and black plastic panels, the car was then later repainted at Brabus in (EB6 colour code) Intense Red. The car was built with the usual Brabus additions to the exterior, these being Brabus front grill (with fog lights), Brabus front splitter, Brabus side skirts, black plastic Brabus rear exhaust panel, and 16-inch Brabus Monoblock alloy wheels. These vehicles were always rumoured to be Brabus Nightrun Fortwo's that were later reworked.


title: Brabus

text: The 2012 Brabus Rocket 800 is powered by a V12 engine rated at 800 hp and 1,420Nm of torque, which has been limited to 1,100Nm. The Brabus Rocket accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph)in 3.7 seconds, 23.8 seconds to 300 km/h (186 mph) and has a top speed of 370 km/h (230 mph).


title: CNH Industrial

text: CNH Industrial N.V. is an Italian-American multinational corporation with global headquarters in Basildon, United Kingdom, but controlled and mostly owned by the multinational investment company Exor, which in turn is controlled by the Agnelli family. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and on Borsa Italiana: it is a constituent of the FTSE MIB index. The company is incorporated in the Netherlands. The seat of the company is in Amsterdam, Netherlands, with a principal office in London, England.


title: CNH Industrial

text: Through its various businesses, CNH Industrial designs, produces, and sells agricultural machinery and construction equipment (Case IH and New Holland brand families). Present in all major markets worldwide, CNH Industrial is focused on expanding its presence in high-growth markets, including through joint ventures. CNH Industrial currently employs more than 63,000 people in 67 manufacturing plants and 56 research and development centers. The company operates across 180 countries. Following the execution of the deed of demerger from CNH Industrial N.V., Iveco Group was established on 1 January 2022.


title: CNH Industrial

text: CNH Industrial products are marketed globally through several brands in two operating segments: agriculture and construction.


title: CNH Industrial

text: In agricultural equipment, CNH Industrial is a manufacturer of agricultural tractors and combines, including hay and forage equipment and specialty harvesting equipment.


title: CNH Industrial

text: Case IH manufactures agricultural tractors, balers, coffee harvesters, combines, cotton pickers, planters, sugar cane harvesters, and tillage equipment, sold through a global network of dealers. CNH parent company


title: CNH Industrial

text: New Holland Agriculture manufactures agricultural tractors, balers, combines, forage harvesters, grape harvesters, hay tools, material handlers, planters, seeders, sprayers, tillage equipment and groundscare. New Holland has manufacturing facilities and offices in several countries and an international distribution network.


title: CNH Industrial

text: In construction equipment, CNH Industrial manufactures machinery, including backhoe loaders and skid-steer loaders in North America, and crawler excavators in Western Europe.


title: CNH Industrial

text: Case Construction Equipment offers construction equipment, including backhoe loaders, articulated trucks, crawler and wheeled excavators (including compact), telehandlers, motor graders, wheel loaders (including compact), vibratory compaction rollers, crawler dozers, skid steers, compact track loaders, tractor loaders and rough-terrain forklifts., crawler excavators in India launched in December'2019 at EXCON, Bengaluru.


title: CNH Industrial

text: New Holland Construction manufactures construction equipment including crawler and wheeled excavators, wheel loaders, backhoes loaders, skid steer loaders, dozers, telehandlers, mini-wheel loaders compact track loaders, mini and midi excavators and graders.


title: CNH Industrial

text: CNH Industrial offers financial services under the brand name CNH Industrial Capital. CNH Industrial Capital offers financial products and services to dealers and customers in North America, Australia, Brazil and Western Europe. The principal products offered are retail financing for the purchase or lease of new and used CNH Industrial equipment and wholesale financing to its dealers. Wholesale financing consists primarily of floor plan financing and allows dealers to purchase and maintain a representative inventory of products. The retail financing is offered in North America, Brazil, Australia and Europe through wholly owned subsidiaries and in Western Europe through the joint venture with BNP Paribas Lease Group.


title: CNH Industrial

text: CNH Industrial brands provides after-sales parts, service and support to their customers, both at the dealerships and in the field. Parts support is offered for items in their current product lines and past products, up to 20 years. Parts distribution is operated through parts depots present on all five continents.


title: CNH Industrial

text: CNH Industrial has a network of more than 11,500 dealers and distributors spread across approximately 170 countries worldwide. Dealers are independent and not owned by CNH Industrial, with the exception of 12 dealerships in North America and Europe.


title: CNH Industrial

text: CNH Industrial manufacturing base includes 37 facilities in Europe, Latin America, North America and Asia.


title: CNH Industrial

text: CNH Global NV was the holding company for the multinational manufacturer of agricultural and construction equipment established on 12 November 1999, through the merger of Case and New Holland. Effective 29 September 2013, CNH Global N.V. and Fiat Industrial S.p.A. were merged into CNH Industrial N.V.


title: CNH Industrial

text: CNH's scope included integrated engineering, manufacturing, marketing and distribution of equipment on five continents. CNH's operations were organized into three business segments: agricultural equipment, construction equipment and financial services.


title: CNH Industrial

text: As of 31 December 2012, CNH manufactured its products in 37 facilities throughout the world and distributes its products in approximately 170 countries through approximately 11,500 full line dealers and distributors.


title: CNH Industrial

text: Fiat Industrial S.p.A. was an Italian company into which Fiat S.p.A. (parent company of Fiat Group) demerged most of its activities not directly related to automobiles at the start of 2011. Fiat Industrial served as a holding company for the activities of truck manufacturer Iveco; an 89.3% stake in the agricultural and construction equipment producer CNH Global; and FPT Industrial, which consists of the industrial and marine activities formerly part of Fiat Powertrain Technologies. The company's Chairman was Sergio Marchionne, who also served as CEO of Fiat S.p.A. and Chairman/CEO of Chrysler Group LLC, now merged as Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.


title: CNH Industrial

text: On 1 January 2011, each existing share of Fiat S.p.A. was converted into one Fiat share and one Fiat Industrial share. This resulted in Exor (the holding company controlled by the Agnelli family), the largest shareholder of Fiat with a stake of around 30%, holding an equivalent stake in Fiat Industrial. Exor has however raised the possibility of the future sale of some of its stake.


title: CNH Industrial

text: In September 2011, the company entered the DJSI World and Europe indexes as leader in the Industrial Engineering sector.


title: CNH Industrial

text: On 29 September 2013, CNH Global N.V. and Fiat Industrial S.p.A. were merged into CNH Industrial N.V., a company incorporated in the Netherlands. Fiat Industrial shareholders received one CNH Industrial common share for every Fiat Industrial share held and CNH Global shareholders received 3.828 CNH Industrial common shares for every CNH Global common share held. CNH Industrial N.V. was subsequently listed on both the NYSE and the Milan stock exchange (Mercato Telematico Azionario. For additional information, see CNH Industrial N.V.


title: Boi-1da

text: Matthew Jehu Samuels (born October 12, 1986), known professionally as Boi-1da ( , a play on "boy wonder"), is a Jamaican-Canadian record producer and songwriter based in Toronto, Ontario.


title: Boi-1da

text: The Toronto raised producer has worked with a variety of artists and groups, most notably Drake, Rihanna, Eminem, Jay-Z, Nicki Minaj, Nas, Lana Del Rey, Kanye West and Kendrick Lamar among others. In 2015, Samuels served as the executive producer for Drake's mixtape "If You're Reading This It's Too Late".


title: Boi-1da

text: Born in Kingston, Jamaica, Samuels moved to Canada when he was three and grew up in the North York and Scarborough districts of Toronto. He was also raised in Ajax, Ontario, where he attended Pickering High School. His father was a keen listener of dancehall music and so Samuels was brought up listening to Jamaican music. At the age of eight, his mother bought him a Casio keyboard, and at the age of 15, a friend had introduced him to FL Studio (formerly Fruity Loops). Without any formal musical training, he started using the FL Studio beat-making program. A few years later, he won three consecutive Battle of the Beatmakers championships; because of this accomplishment, he was given a spot in the Battle of the Beatmakers judging panel.


title: Boi-1da

text: His first production work was at the age of 18, when he worked on two tracks on a mixtape ("Room for Improvement") for Drake.


title: Boi-1da

text: Dr. Dre appeared on the remix of "Set It Off" by Kardinal Offishall, produced by Boi-1da. In an interview with FLOW 93.5, Boi-1da revealed that he was working on beats for Dr. Dre's highly anticipated album, "Detox", which was to be released in 2011. However, that album was indefinitely shelved, and none of the released or leaked tracks by Dr. Dre featured Boi-1da's production. He has since stated that he was working with songwriter Sean Garrett and has submitted tracks for Usher. He also worked on Busta Rhymes' "".


title: Boi-1da

text: In 2010, Boi-1da produced the hit song "Not Afraid" by Eminem, and "hahahaha jk?" from Das Racist's second mixtape "Sit Down, Man".


title: Boi-1da

text: In March 2013, he produced "5AM in Toronto" by Drake, which was later released in Drake's 2019 compilation album, "Care Package".


title: Boi-1da

text: Boi-1da worked with rapper Lecrae on his song "Gimme a Second" from his mixtape "Church Clothes". He also collaborated with rapper Bizzle on his 2013 album "The Good Fight"3. He is also a member of Drake's October's Very Own with Noah "40" Shebib and T-Minus.


title: Boi-1da

text: Boi-1da produced "Party Favors" for Tinashe for her album "Nightride". The single features Young Thug.


title: Boi-1da

text: In January 2016, Rihanna released the dancehall track "Work", featuring Drake. The song peaked at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming the second Boi-1da produced track to top the charts. Between 2016 and 2017, Boi-1da continued to produce dancehall tracks, such as Drake's "Controlla", Tyga's "1 of 1", PartyNextDoor's "Only U" and Nicki Minaj's "Regret in Your Tears".


title: Boi-1da

text: In January 2018, he produced "God's Plan" by Drake. In May 2018, he produced "TATI" by 6ix9ine featuring DJ Spinking. In August 2018, he produced "Lucky You" by Eminem featuring Joyner Lucas.


title: Boi-1da

text: In March 2019, he produced "I'm Single" by Jake Paul, and "Maze" and "Make Believe" from Juice Wrld's album, "Death Race for Love". In May 2019, he produced "Isis" by Joyner Lucas featuring Logic. In June 2019, he produced "No Guidance" by Chris Brown featuring Drake. In July 2019, he produced "1000 Nights" by Ed Sheeran featuring Meek Mill and A Boogie wit da Hoodie.


title: Boi-1da

text: Boi-1da is known for his distinctive dancehall sound, having been brought up listening to dancehall before hip-hop. He often incorporates live instrumentation and an air horn sound effect into his beats, as used in dancehall and reggae, and frequently incorporates samples in his productions. Boi-1da has spoken out against songs which imitate dancehall, criticising fellow Toronto musician Tory Lanez for doing so in his 2016 single "Luv".


title: Boi-1da

text: Boi-1da has spoken about being influenced by producers such as Dr. Dre, Swizz Beatz, Timbaland, and The Neptunes.


title: Boi-1da

text: The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) hosts a series of awards shows, honouring people in different music categories; pop music is one of its seven categories. In 2011, Drake presented the award to him and 40. They both won the ASCAP Pop Music Award for the Songwriters of the Year for "Over".


title: Boi-1da

text: The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Boi-1da has one win out of nineteen nominations.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Judy Carline Woodruff (born November 20, 1946) is an American broadcast journalist who has worked in network, cable, and public television news since 1976. She is the anchor and managing editor of "PBS NewsHour". Woodruff has covered every presidential election and convention since 1976. She has interviewed several heads of state and moderated U.S. presidential debates.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: After graduating from Duke University in 1968, Woodruff entered local television news in Atlanta. She was named White House correspondent for NBC News in 1976, a position she held for six years. She joined PBS in 1982, where she continued White House reports for "PBS NewsHour", formerly "The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour", in addition to presenting another program. She moved to CNN in 1993 to host "Inside Politics" and "CNN WorldView" together with Bernard Shaw, until he left CNN. Woodruff left CNN in 2005, and returned to PBS and the "NewsHour" in 2006. In 2013, she and Gwen Ifill were its named official anchors, succeeding founding presenter Jim Lehrer. Woodruff and Ifill shared managing newsgathering duties until Ifill's death in 2016. Woodruff succeeded Ifill as the program's sole main presenter. In May 2022, Woodruff announced that she will step down as the "NewsHour" anchor at year's end.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff was born on November 20, 1946, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to William H. Woodruff, a chief warrant officer in the Army, and Anna Lee (née Payne) Woodruff. She has one sister, Anita. She grew up as an army brat, and because of that moved multiple times during her childhood, attending seven schools between kindergarten and seventh grade. Woodruff moved from Oklahoma to Germany when she was five years old. She then moved to army bases in Missouri and New Jersey, returned to Oklahoma, lived in Taiwan for a few years, and subsequently went to North Carolina, before settling in the Augusta, Georgia, area, when her father was stationed at Fort Gordon. Woodruff went to the Academy of Richmond County, a high school in Augusta. In 1963, she won the beauty pageant Young Miss Augusta.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff attended Meredith College in Raleigh, North Carolina, starting in 1964, initially pursuing a degree in mathematics. In an interview, she said that her political science teacher at Meredith got her interested in politics. After two years at Meredith, Woodruff transferred to Duke University in 1966. She was active in the student government of Duke, and was a member of the sorority Alpha Delta Pi.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: While studying, Woodruff worked for Georgia Representative Robert Grier Stephens Jr. as an intern during two summers, but was discouraged from working in Washington, D.C., because of how women were treated there. Woodruff decided to enter journalism in her senior year. She graduated from Duke with a bachelor's degree in political science in 1968. She served on Duke's board of trustees between 1985 and 1997. Woodruff received an honorary degree (DHL) from Duke in 1998 and was also awarded honorary degrees by the University of Scranton in 1991 and by the University of Pennsylvania (LL.D.) in 2005.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff applied for her first job in journalism during the spring break of her senior year at Duke. She was hired as a secretary at the news department of the ABC affiliate in Atlanta, Georgia (WQXI-TV), and began working after she graduated in 1968. Besides being a secretary, she presented the weather forecast on Sundays in her last six months at the station. Woodruff left the affiliate after a year and a half to move to the local CBS affiliate WAGA-TV in 1970, working as a reporter. She covered the Georgia State Legislature, and anchored the noon and evening news.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: In 1975, she moved to NBC, where she served as a general-assignment reporter based in Atlanta. Together with Kenley Jones, she covered the southeast, an area spanning 10 states, and the Caribbean. Woodruff was assigned to cover Jimmy Carter's successful 1976 presidential campaign for NBC, when Carter was not yet seen as a major contender. She had already covered Carter's second gubernatorial campaign in 1970 for WAGA. Woodruff traveled with Carter's presidential campaign until she was taken off the campaign trail halfway through 1976. Although she was not on the campaign trail anymore, she kept reporting about the Carter campaign for NBC. After he won the presidency and was inaugurated on January 20, 1977, she moved to Washington, D.C., to become a White House correspondent for NBC News. She continued covering the White House into the Reagan presidency until 1982. Subsequently, she was Chief Washington correspondent for "The Today Show" on NBC for a year.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff moved to PBS in mid-1983, becoming the chief Washington correspondent for "The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour", when the duration of that program was extended to one hour. In addition to reporting on politics, she conducted studio interviews and served as a backup anchor. Woodruff started hosting the weekly documentary series "Frontline with Judy Woodruff" a few months later in 1984 after its presenter Jessica Savitch died in October the year before. Woodruff left "Frontline" in 1990 to spend more time with her family and at the "NewsHour". While at PBS, she covered all presidential conventions and campaigns, and moderated the 1988 vice-presidential debate between United States Senators Dan Quayle (R-IN) and Lloyd Bentsen (D-TX). The debate is remembered for the remark "I served with Jack Kennedy, I knew Jack Kennedy, Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy", made by Senator Bentsen.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff left the "NewsHour" in 1993 to move to CNN. She was first asked to work for CNN by Tom Johnson at the end of 1992, and took the job four months later after some initial hesitation. Woodruff was teased about this move by her colleague Jim Lehrer: "When I left the 'NewsHour' for a spell to work for a cable-news channel, he always inquired about life at the  'Home Shopping Network'". In June 1993, Woodruff started anchoring the political talk show "Inside Politics", that aired on weekdays, together with Bernard Shaw, and the international news program "The World Today" together with Frank Sesno. Sesno was replaced by Shaw in May 1994. When the daily world affairs program "CNN WorldView" was launched in 1995, Woodruff and Shaw became the hosts.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: She remained co-anchor of "WorldView" until it went off the air in 2001. In February 2001, Shaw retired, causing Woodruff to become the sole host of "Inside Politics", which was subsequently renamed "Judy Woodruff's Inside Politics". During her time at CNN, Woodruff also co-anchored CNN's election coverage and the news shows "Live From..." and "CNN NewsStand" on Wednesdays. She was the sole anchor of the 1996 documentary series "Democracy in America" as well. She reported on the 1995 World Conference on Women in Beijing, and co-anchored CNN's special coverage of, among other things, President Richard Nixon's funeral, the Centennial Olympic Park bombing, 9/11, the War in Afghanistan, the Space Shuttle "Columbia" disaster, and the Iraq War.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: She moderated numerous presidential primary debates, namely three Republican debates and one Democratic debate during the 2000 campaign season and one Democratic debate during the 2004 campaign season.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff left CNN in June 2005, after her contract expired, in order to teach, write, and work on a long-form television project. She was a visiting fellow at the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University in the fall of 2005, and taught a course at the Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University on media and politics in the fall of 2006. Additionally, Woodruff started hosting "Conversations with Judy Woodruff", a monthly Bloomberg Television program, in which she interviewed people, in 2006. She also hosted the Bloomberg election night coverage of the 2006 midterms. Woodruff continued presenting "Conversations with Judy Woodruff" until 2013.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff started working for MacNeil/Lehrer Productions in 2006 on the multimedia project "Generation Next: Speak Up. Be Heard", about the views of Americans between the ages of 16 and 25. The project included a PBS documentary series, segments on the "NewsHour", a series of NPR specials, and articles on the Internet and in "USA Today". Woodruff returned to "The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer" as a special correspondent that same year, and became a senior correspondent a few months later in February 2007. As a senior correspondent, she reported, conducted studio interviews, was part of the political team, and occasionally filled in as anchor. In December 2009, the news program moved to a dual-anchor format, and changed its name to "PBS NewsHour". Jim Lehrer, the main anchor was alternately joined by Woodruff, Gwen Ifill, and Jeffrey Brown.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Lehrer stepped down as anchor of the "NewsHour" in June 2011, which resulted in the news program being anchored by Woodruff, Ifill, Brown, Ray Suarez, and Margaret Warner on a rotating basis. Earlier that year, the documentary "Nancy Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime", of which Woodruff was the principal reporter, was released. In September 2013, she became co-anchor of the "PBS NewsHour", presenting the program with Gwen Ifill on weekdays and alone on Fridays. It was the first time an American network broadcast had been anchored by two women. Besides the "NewsHour" itself, the duo also presented PBS coverage of special events, including presidential conventions, election night, and States of the Union. In February 2016, Woodruff and Ifill moderated the sixth Democratic presidential debate. When Ifill died in November 2016, Woodruff became the sole anchor of the "NewsHour". PBS initially sought a replacement for Ifill, but in March 2018 formalized Woodruff's position as "solo anchor". During the 2020 presidential election season, she was one of the moderators of the sixth Democratic debate.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: "The New York Times" described her performance on the "NewsHour" as follows: "Ms. Woodruff's measured delivery, with her hands clasped and her voice low, stands as a counterweight to a haywire era of American news."


title: Judy Woodruff

text: In May 2022, Woodruff announced that she will step down as the "NewsHour" anchor at the end of the year, but plans to continue contributing to the program as senior correspondent. Her last day anchoring the program is scheduled for December 30.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff wrote the book "This Is Judy Woodruff at the White House", in which she described her experiences as a journalist. It was published by Addison-Wesley in 1982. Over her career, she has advocated women's organizations, and was part of a group of journalists that founded the International Women's Media Foundation, an organization that internationally supports women in the media, in 1990. She has served on its board of directors, and is part of its advisory council.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff and her husband, Al Hunt, have actively supported families of children with spina bifida (a condition shared by their eldest son, Jeffrey) with counseling and other necessary services. The couple helped organize the Spina Bifida Association of America's annual roast, during which politicians roast journalists to raise funds for the association. The event, broadcast by C-SPAN, was held between 1989 and 2008.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff has also served on the boards of trustees of a number of other organizations, including the Newseum, the Freedom Forum, the National Museum of American History, Global Rights, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, America's Promise, the Urban Institute, The Duke Endowment, and the John S. Knight Journalism Fellowships at Stanford.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff is a former member of the Knight Commission and a current member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.


title: Judy Woodruff

text: Woodruff is married to Al Hunt, a columnist and former reporter, and they live in Washington, D.C., with another residence in nearby Maryland. They met during a softball game between journalists and staff of the Carter presidential campaign in Plains, Georgia, in 1976. Their marriage took place on April 5, 1980, in St. Alban's Episcopal Church in Washington, D.C. The couple has three children: Jeffrey (1981), Benjamin (1986), and Lauren (1989). Woodruff gave birth to Jeffrey about five hours after appearing on air. Jeffrey was born with a mild case of spina bifida, and became disabled and brain damaged after surgery in 1998, which caused Woodruff to reduce her workload at CNN. Lauren was adopted from Korea when she was four months old.


title: Marisa Berenson

text: Vittoria Marisa Schiaparelli Berenson (born February 15, 1947) is an American actress and model. She appeared on the front covers of "Vogue" and "Time", and won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Natalia Landauer in the 1972 film "Cabaret". The role also earned her Golden Globe and BAFTA Award nominations. Her other film appearances include "Death in Venice" (1971), "Barry Lyndon" (1975), "S.O.B." (1981) and "I Am Love" (2009).


title: Marisa Berenson

text: Berenson was born in New York City, the elder of two daughters. Her father, Robert Lawrence Berenson, was an American career diplomat turned shipping executive of Lithuanian Jewish descent, and his family's original surname was "Valvrojenski". Her mother was Maria-Luisa Yvonne "Gogo" Radha de Wendt Schiaparelli, a socialite of Italian, Swiss, French, and Egyptian ancestry.


title: Marisa Berenson

text: Berenson's maternal grandmother was the fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli, and her maternal grandfather was Wilhelm de Wendt de Kerlor, a theosophist and psychic medium. Her younger sister, Berinthia, became a model, actress, and photographer as Berry Berenson.


title: Marisa Berenson

text: She is also a great-grandniece of Giovanni Schiaparelli, an Italian astronomer who was the first to describe the canals of Mars, and a second cousin, once removed, of art expert Bernard Berenson and his sister Senda Berenson, an athlete and educator who was one of the first two women elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.


title: Marisa Berenson

text: A fashion model discovered as a teenager by "Vogue" editor Diana Vreeland, Berenson came to prominence in the 1960s ("I once was one of the highest paid models in the world", she told "The New York Times"). She appeared on the cover of the July 1970 issue of "Vogue" as well as the cover of "Time" on December 15, 1975. She appeared in numerous fashion layouts in "Vogue" in the late 1960s and early 1970s. She was known as "The Queen of the Scene" for her frequent appearances at nightclubs and other social venues in her youth, and Yves Saint Laurent dubbed her "the girl of the Seventies".


title: Marisa Berenson

text: Berenson's early film roles included Gustav von Aschenbach's wife in Luchino Visconti's 1971 film "Death in Venice" and the Jewish department store heiress Natalia Landauer in the 1972 film "Cabaret". The latter role led to two Golden Globe nominations, a BAFTA nomination and an award from the National Board of Review. She also portrayed tragic beauty Lady Lyndon in the Stanley Kubrick film "Barry Lyndon" (1975). Vincent Canby of "The New York Times" wrote: "Marisa Berenson splendidly suits her costumes and wigs." She recalled her experience working under Kubrick's direction:


title: Marisa Berenson

text: Berenson's other performances included "Casanova & Co." (1977), "Killer Fish" (1979), the Blake Edwards comedy "S.O.B." (1981), "The Secret Diary of Sigmund Freud" (1984) and Clint Eastwood's "White Hunter Black Heart" (1990), as well as in made-for-TV movies in the United States, such as the Holocaust-themed drama "Playing for Time" (1980). She guest-starred an episode of "The Muppet Show" during its third season in 1978. She made her Broadway debut in the 2001 revival of "Design for Living", which also starred Jennifer Ehle, Alan Cumming and Dominic West. In 2009, she appeared in the film "I Am Love".


title: Marisa Berenson

text: In August 2016 she appeared in a production of "Romeo and Juliet" at the Garrick Theatre in London, as Lady Capulet.


title: Marisa Berenson

text: On September 11, 2001, her younger sister and sole sibling, Berry Perkins, widow of actor Anthony Perkins, was killed in the first flight to hit the World Trade Center. Marisa was also in an airplane during the terrorist attacks, flying from Paris to New York. In an interview with CBS, she told of the experience and how hours later she landed in Newfoundland (flights were diverted to Canada), and was told of her sister's death by a phone call with her daughter. Said Berenson: "I have hope and tremendous faith. I think that's what gets you through life ... through tragedies is when you have faith."


title: Marisa Berenson

text: India changed my life, because I was searching for my spiritual path, and I ended up in an ashram in Rishikesh with Maharishi and the Beatles. We'd sit on the floor at night, and George and Ringo would play the guitar, and we'd meditate all day, and have meals together, and become vegetarians, and live in huts. But it was just normal. It wasn't like, "Oh, here are the Beatles." The most important thing was my transcendental meditation.


title: Marisa Berenson

text: Berenson lives in a villa on the outskirts of Marrakesh. She is fluent in English, Italian, and French.


title: Marisa Berenson

text: Berenson's first husband was James Randall, a rivet manufacturer; they wed in Beverly Hills in 1976 and divorced in 1978. The couple have one daughter, Starlite Melody Randall (born 1977).


title: Marisa Berenson

text: Her second husband was Aaron Richard Golub, a lawyer, whom she married in 1982 and divorced in 1987. During the divorce proceedings, the judge ruled "the increased value of Ms. Berenson's acting and modeling career during the marriage were marital property" and therefore subject to consideration in any settlement agreements.


title: Robert Earl Jones

text: Robert Earl Jones (February 3, 1910 – September 7, 2006), sometimes credited as Earl Jones, was an American actor and professional boxer. One of the first prominent Black film stars, Jones was a living link with the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 1930s, having worked with Langston Hughes early in his career.


title: Robert Earl Jones

text: Jones was best known for his leading roles in films such as "Lying Lips" (1939) and later in his career for supporting roles in films such as "The Sting" (1973), "Trading Places" (1983), "The Cotton Club" (1984), and "Witness" (1985). He was the father of actor James Earl Jones.


title: Robert Earl Jones

text: Jones was born in northwestern Mississippi; the specific location is unclear as some sources indicate Senatobia, while others suggest nearby Coldwater. A son of Robert and Elnora Jones, Robert Earl Jones left school at an early age to work as a sharecropper to help his family. He later became a prizefighter. Under the name "Battling Bill Stovall", he was a sparring partner of Joe Louis.


title: Robert Earl Jones

text: Jones became interested in theater after he moved to Chicago, as one of the thousands leaving the South in the Great Migration. He moved on to New York by the 1930s. He worked with young people in the Works Progress Administration, the largest New Deal agency, through which he met Langston Hughes, a young poet and playwright. Hughes cast him in his 1938 play, "Don't You Want to Be Free?".


title: Robert Earl Jones

text: Jones also entered the film business, appearing in more than twenty films. His film career started with the leading role of a detective in the 1939 race film "Lying Lips", written and directed by Oscar Micheaux, and Jones made his next screen appearance in Micheaux's "The Notorious Elinor Lee" (1940). Jones acted mostly in crime movies and dramas after that, with such highlights as "Wild River" (1960) and "One Potato, Two Potato" (1964). In the Oscar-winning 1973 film "The Sting", he played Luther Coleman, an aging grifter whose con is requited with murder leading to the eponymous "sting". In the later 20th century, Jones appeared in several other noted films: "Trading Places" (1983) and "Witness" (1985).


title: Robert Earl Jones

text: Toward the end of his life, Jones was noted for his stage portrayal of Creon in "The Gospel at Colonus" (1988), a black musical version of the Oedipus legend. He also appeared in episodes of the long-running TV shows "Lou Grant" and "Kojak". One of his last stage roles was in a 1991 Broadway production of "Mule Bone" by Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston, another important writer of the Harlem Renaissance. His last film was "Rain Without Thunder" (1993).


title: Robert Earl Jones

text: Although blacklisted by the House Un-American Activities Committee in the 1950s due to involvement with leftist groups, Jones was ultimately honored with a lifetime achievement award by the U.S. National Black Theatre Festival.


title: Robert Earl Jones

text: Jones was married three times. As a young man, he married Ruth Connolly (died 1986) in 1929; they had a son, James Earl Jones. Jones and Connolly separated before James was born in 1931, and the couple divorced in 1933. Jones did not come to know his son until the mid-1950s. Jones married two other times, to Jumelle Jones from 1938 to 1950, and Ruth Williams from 1960 until her death in 1981. He fathered a second son, Matthew Earl Jones. Jones died on September 7, 2006, in Englewood, New Jersey, from natural causes at age 96.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: The new wave of British heavy metal (commonly abbreviated as NWOBHM) was a nationwide musical movement that started in England in the mid-1970s and achieved international attention by the early 1980s. Journalist Geoff Barton coined the term in a May 1979 issue of the British music newspaper "Sounds" to describe the emergence of new heavy metal bands in the mid to late 1970s, during the period of punk rock's decline and the dominance of new wave music.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: Although encompassing diverse mainstream and underground styles, the music of the NWOBHM is best remembered for drawing on the heavy metal of the 1970s and infusing it with the intensity of punk rock to produce fast and aggressive songs. The DIY attitude of the new metal bands led to the spread of raw-sounding, self-produced recordings and a proliferation of independent record labels. Song lyrics were usually about escapist themes, such as mythology, fantasy, horror and the rock lifestyle.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: The NWOBHM began as an underground phenomenon growing in parallel to punk and largely ignored by the media. It was only through the promotion of rock DJ Neal Kay and "Sounds"' campaigning that it reached the public consciousness and gained radio airplay, recognition and success in the UK. The movement involved mostly young, white, male and working-class musicians and fans, who suffered the hardships brought on by rising unemployment for years after the 1973–75 recession. As a reaction to their bleak reality, they created a community separate from mainstream society to enjoy each other's company and their favourite loud music. The NWOBHM was heavily criticised for the excessive hype generated by local media in favour of mostly talentless musicians. Nonetheless, it generated a renewal in the genre of heavy metal music and furthered the progress of the heavy metal subculture, whose updated behavioural and visual codes were quickly adopted by metal fans worldwide after the spread of the music to continental Europe, North America and Japan.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: The movement spawned perhaps a thousand heavy metal bands, but only a few survived the advent of MTV and the rise of the more commercial glam metal in the second half of the 1980s. Among them, Iron Maiden and Def Leppard became international stars, and Motörhead and Saxon had considerable success. Other groups, such as Diamond Head, Venom and Raven, remained underground, but were a major influence on the successful extreme metal subgenres of the late 1980s and 1990s. Many bands from the NWOBHM reunited in the 2000s and remained active through live performances and new studio albums.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: In the second half of the 1970s, the United Kingdom was in a state of social unrest and widespread poverty as a result of the ineffective social politics of both Conservative and Labour Party governments during a three-year period of economic recession. As a consequence of deindustrialisation, the unemployment rate was exceptionally high, especially among working class youth. It continued to rise in the early 1980s, peaking in February 1983. The discontent of so many people caused social unrest with frequent strikes, and culminated in a series of riots, including one in Brixton and another in Toxteth. During this period, the mass of young people, deprived of the prospect of even relatively low-skill jobs that were available to the previous generations, searched for different ways to earn money in the music and entertainment businesses. The explosion of new bands and new musical styles coming from the UK in the late 1970s was a result of their efforts to make a living in the economic depression that hit the country before the governments of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: The desperation and the violent reaction of a generation robbed of a safe future are well-represented by the British punk movement of 1977–1978, whose rebellion against the establishment continued diluted in the new wave and post-punk music of the 1980s. These self-proclaimed punks were politically militant, relishing their anarchic attitude and stage practices like pogo dancing. They wore short and spiked hairstyles or shaved heads, often with safety pins and ripped clothes, and considered musical prowess unimportant as long as the music was simple and loud. However, not all working-class male youths embraced the punk movement; some preferred to escape from their grim reality in heavy metal, which was equally effective in providing fun, stress relief, and peer companionship – otherwise denied because of their unemployment.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: The UK was a cradle of the first wave of heavy metal, which was born at the end of the 1960s and flowered in the early 1970s. Of the many British bands that came to prominence during that period, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple achieved worldwide success and critical acclaim. The success of the music genre, usually called heavy rock at the time, generated a community of UK fans with strong ties to psychedelia, hippie doctrines and biker subculture. Each of these bands was in crisis in the mid-to-late 1970s: Led Zeppelin were plagued by discord and personal tragedies and had drastically reduced their activities, Black Sabbath finally fired their charismatic but unreliable frontman Ozzy Osbourne, and Deep Purple disbanded. As a consequence, the whole movement lost much of its momentum and media interest, which were refocused on what British writer Malc Macmillan calls "the more fashionable or lucrative markets of the day" such as disco, glam, mod revival, new wave and electronic music. Just like progressive rock acts and other mainstream music groups of the 1970s, heavy rock bands were viewed as – in the words of journalist Garry Bushell – "lumbering dinosaurs" by a music press infatuated with punk rock and new wave. Some writers even declared the premature demise of heavy metal altogether.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: The crisis of British heavy rock giants left space for the rise of other rock bands in the mid-1970s, including Queen, Hawkwind, Budgie, Bad Company, Status Quo and Nazareth, all of which had multiple chart entries in the UK and had conducted successful international tours. The British chart results of the period show that there was still a vast audience for heavy metal in the country, and upcoming bands Thin Lizzy, UFO and Judas Priest, also had tangible success and media coverage in the late 1970s. Foreign hard rock acts, such as Blue Öyster Cult and Kiss from the US, Rush from Canada, Scorpions from Germany, and especially AC/DC from Australia, climbed the British charts in the same period.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: The band Motörhead was founded in 1975 by already experienced musicians. Their leader Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister was a former member of the space rock band Hawkwind, Larry Wallis had played with Pink Fairies, and Eddie Clarke had been a member of Curtis Knight's Zeus. Their previous experience is one element which divides critics and fans over whether the band belongs to the new wave of British heavy metal. Some believe that the band should be considered an inspiration for the movement, but not part of it, because they had signed recording contracts, toured the country, and had chart success before any NWOBHM band had stepped out of their local club scene. Motörhead were also the only metal band of the period recording songs with veteran BBC radio DJ John Peel for his "Peel Sessions" programme and the first to reach No. 1 in the UK Albums Chart with the live album "No Sleep 'til Hammersmith" in June 1981. Lemmy himself said, "the NWOBHM ... didn't do us much good", because Motörhead "came along a bit too early for it".


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: Other critics view Motörhead as the first significant exponent of the movement and the first band to fully implement a crossover between punk rock and heavy metal. Their fast music, the renunciation of technical virtuosity in favour of sheer loudness, and their uncompromising attitude were welcomed equally by punks and heavy metal fans. Motörhead were supported by many NWOBHM bands on tour, and they also shared the stage with Lemmy's friends' punk band The Damned. Motörhead's musical style became very popular during the NWOBHM, making them a fundamental reference for the nascent movement and for musicians of various metal subgenres in the following decades.


title: New wave of British heavy metal

text: The NWOBHM involved both musicians and fans who were largely young, male and white and shared class origin, ethic and aesthetic values. American sociologist Deena Weinstein, in her book "Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture", describes the rise and growth of the movement as the achievement of maturity for heavy metal, after its birth in the early 1970s and before branching out into various subgenres in the following years. British heavy metal fans, commonly known as muthas, metalheads, or headbangers for the violent, rhythmic shaking of their heads in time to the music, dismissed the simplistic image of rebellious youth inherited from the counterculture of the 1960s and the psychedelic attachments characteristic of heavy rock in the 1970s, updating the shared principles and codes of the heavy metal subculture and definitely separating it from mainstream society.