title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: On 8 May 2016, the office of the Governor-General released documents relating to the calling of the election. The documents set out a timeline of key dates for the election.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The Coalition won the 2013 federal election with 90 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives, on a swing of 17 seats or 3.6 points on a two-party basis, defeating the six-year Labor government. Labor held 55 seats, and crossbenchers held the remaining five. The Abbott Government was sworn into office on 18 September 2013.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Kevin Rudd resigned as Labor's leader following the defeat of the party. Chris Bowen became the interim leader in the approach to a leadership election. Two candidates, Anthony Albanese and Bill Shorten, declared their candidacy; Shorten was declared the winner on 13 October 2013.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: As a result of lost ballot papers, on 18 February 2014 the High Court of Australia, sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns, ordered a new half-Senate election for Western Australia, which was held on 5 April 2014.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Senator John Madigan resigned from the Democratic Labour Party and became an independent Senator in September 2014, citing long-term internal party tensions.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: On 24 November 2014, Tasmanian Senator Jacqui Lambie resigned from the Palmer United Party and on 13 March 2015, Queensland Senator Glenn Lazarus also announced his resignation from the Palmer United Party; both then sat as independents.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: On 14 September 2015, the incumbent Prime Minister, Tony Abbott, was challenged for the leadership of the Liberal Party and thus the prime ministership by Malcolm Turnbull, the Minister for Communications. Turnbull won the vote 54–44 and on 15 September was sworn in as prime minister, starting the Turnbull government. On 11 February 2016 Warren Truss, the Deputy Prime Minister, announced his decision to retire from politics at the 2016 federal election and immediately stood aside as Leader of the Nationals. Barnaby Joyce was elected as Leader and was sworn as the Deputy Prime Minister, and Fiona Nash was elected as Deputy Leader of the Nationals. Truss also resigned from the Turnbull Ministry.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Ian Macfarlane attempted to defect from the Liberal to the National party room with accompanying demands for additional Nationals cabinet representation, and the Mal Brough–James Ashby diary controversy deepened in the last week of the campaign. Along with the unexpected by-election swing and Turnbull's significantly lessened personal ratings in the concurrent December Newspoll, some News Corp Australia journalists claimed that Turnbull's honeymoon was over.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The Nick Xenophon Team (NXT) listed many candidates throughout Australia, with ABC psephologist Antony Green indicating NXT had a "strong chance of winning lower house seats and three or four Senate seats".


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Liberal Senator Michael Ronaldson announced on 18 December 2015 that he would leave parliament before the next election, after moving from the outer ministry in the Abbott government to the backbench in the Turnbull government. He resigned on 28 February 2016, and the casual vacancy was filled by James Paterson on 9 March 2016.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Labor Senator Joe Bullock announced on 1 March 2016 that he would be resigning from the Senate after the autumn sittings of parliament, citing—among other reasons—his opposition to same-sex marriage being at odds with the Labor Party's platform to bind its members in a supporting vote after 2019. Bullock tendered his resignation to Senate President Stephen Parry on 13 April 2016. The casual vacancy was filled by Pat Dodson on 28 April 2016.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Palmer United Party leader Clive Palmer announced on 4 May 2016 that he would not recontest his seat of Fairfax at the election. On 23 May he also ruled out running for a Senate seat.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: In the lower house seat of Brisbane, both the Liberal-National and Labor candidates were openly gay; a first in Australian federal political history.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: In the 44th Parliament, there were three by-elections. Rudd resigned from Parliament on 22 November 2013, triggering the 2014 Griffith by-election, which was held on 8 February, with Terri Butler retaining the seat for Labor.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: On 21 July 2015, Liberal Don Randall died, triggering the 2015 Canning by-election, which was held on 19 September. Andrew Hastie retained the seat for the Liberal Party, having to rely on preferences after suffering a substantial swing to the Labor candidate.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Joe Hockey was not retained as Treasurer in the Turnbull Ministry, and announced his resignation from Parliament shortly afterwards, triggering the 2015 North Sydney by-election which was held on 5 December. The seat was retained for the Liberal Party by Trent Zimmerman. Zimmerman won with 48.2% of the primary vote after a larger-than-predicted 12.8-point swing against the Turnbull Coalition government. This was only the second time in North Sydney since federation that the successful Liberal candidate failed to obtain a majority of the primary vote and had to rely on preferences. Zimmerman faced a double-digit primary vote swing—more than triple that of the 2015 Canning by-election—despite the absence of a Labor candidate. Labor has never been successful in the safe Liberal seat. The Liberal two-candidate vote of 60.2% against independent Stephen Ruff compares with the previous election vote of 65.9% against Labor. The reduction of 5.7 points cannot be considered a "two-party/candidate preferred swing"—when a major party is absent, preference flows to both major parties do not take place, resulting in asymmetric preference flows.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: In November 2014 the Australian Electoral Commission announced that a redistribution of electoral boundaries in New South Wales and Western Australia would be undertaken before the next election. A determination of the states' membership entitlements under the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 meant that Western Australia's entitlement increased from 15 to 16 seats, and New South Wales' decreased from 48 to 47 seats. A redistribution also occurred in the Australian Capital Territory, as seven years had elapsed since the last time the ACT's boundaries were reviewed. On 16 November 2015, the AEC announced that a redistribution of electoral boundaries in Tasmania would be deferred until after the election, as the Electoral Act provides that a redistribution shall not commence where there is less than a year until the expiry of the House of Representatives (i.e., 11 November 2016).


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: In October 2015, the AEC announced plans to abolish the seat of Hunter. Electors in the north of Hunter would have joined New England, while the roughly 40% remainder would have become part of Paterson, where the Liberal margin would have been reduced from a fairly safe 9.8 points to an extremely marginal 0.5 point as a result. Hunter was first contested at the inaugural 1901 federal election; the AEC's naming guidelines require it to make "every effort" to preserve the names of the original federal divisions. The Commission proposed renaming Charlton to Hunter, and in honour of deceased Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, renaming Throsby to Whitlam.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The final proposal, however, saw Charlton abolished, with Hunter moving slightly eastward to take in much of Charlton's territory. Additionally, Paterson was made more compact and pushed well to the south, taking in some heavily Labor territory that had previously been in Hunter and Newcastle. This had the effect of erasing the Liberals' majority in Paterson; Labor now had a notional majority of 0.5 per cent.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The new seat created in Western Australia was the Division of Burt, named after the Burt family, specifically Sir Archibald Burt, Septimus Burt and Sir Francis Burt and centred on the south-east areas of metropolitan Perth.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The Division of Fraser in the ACT was renamed Division of Fenner, to honour the late scientist Professor Frank Fenner. The AEC announced that the name Fraser would be used for a future division in Victoria, named in honour of Malcolm Fraser, a former Prime Minister.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Following the previous election, the Abbott Government announced it would investigate changing the electoral system for the Senate. On 22 February 2016, the Turnbull Government announced several proposed changes. In the Senate, the changes had the support of the Liberal/National Coalition, the Australian Greens, and Nick Xenophon. The legislation passed both houses of the Parliament of Australia on 18 March 2016 after the Senate sat all night debating the bill.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The changes abolished group voting tickets (GVTs) and introduced "optional" preferential voting, along with party logos on the ballot paper. The ballot paper continues to have a box for each party above a heavy line, with each party's candidates in a column below that party's box below the solid line. Previously, a voter could either mark a single box "above the line", which triggered the party's group voting ticket (a pre-assigned sequence of preferences), or place a number in every box "below the line" to assign their own preferences. As a result of the changes, voters may assign their preferences for parties above the line (numbering as many boxes as they wish), or individual candidates below the line, and are not required to fill all of the boxes. Both above and below the line voting are now optional preferential voting. For above the line, voters will be instructed to write at least their first six preferences; however, a "savings provision" will still count the ballot if less than six were given. As a result, fewer votes are expected to be classed as informal; however, more ballots will "exhaust" as a result (i.e. some votes are not counted towards electing any candidate). For below the line, voters will be required to number at least their first 12 preferences. Voters will be free to continue numbering as many preferences as they like beyond the minimum number specified. Another savings provision will allow ballot papers with at least 6 below the line preferences to be formal, catering for people who confuse the above and below the line instructions.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Antony Green, a psephologist for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, wrote several publications on various aspects of the proposed Senate changes. As with every double dissolution election the entire Senate is re-elected (12 seats per state rather than the usual half Senate election of six seats per state). Consequently, the number of votes required to earn a seat (the "quota") is halved. Due to the abolition of GVTs, it is no longer possible to create "calculators" that assess, with reasonable accuracy, the eventual senate election outcome. Therefore, according to Antony Green, "my working guide is that if a party has more than 0.5 of a quota, it will be in the race for one of the final seats." His calculation of the percentage of primary-vote required for the first six full- and half-quotas at this election is as follows:


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: In its pre-election editorial endorsements, the press overwhelmingly backed the Coalition over Labor—only the Sunday edition of the Melbourne "Age" plumped for the Opposition.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Among the Sunday papers, Turnbull was preferred by Sydney's "Sun-Herald" and "Sunday Telegraph", Melbourne's "Sunday Herald Sun", the "Sunday Mail" in Brisbane, the "Sunday Times" in Perth and the "Sunday Mail" in Adelaide. Labor won the endorsement of only the "Sunday Age" in Melbourne. The "Sunday Tasmanian" and "Sunday Territorian" did not publish endorsements prior to this election.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Labor's close ties to the union movement were of concern to many papers, even to the supportive "Sunday Age", which described the issue as "vexed" and unresolved. Others went further, fearful that Shorten would not "free Labor from the union shackles that too often oppose sensible reforms," in the words of the "Sun-Herald". "Mr Shorten still remains more union boss than potential prime minister," concluded the "Sunday Telegraph". Shorten, the "Sunday Herald Sun" concurred, "is not a man to stand up to militant unions."


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: On the economy, there was general concern about the sustainability of Labor's approach to public spending. "Even an economic illiterate could see [Shorten's] 10-year economic "plan" was forged in fantasy land," opined the "Sunday Times", "On this dangerous policy alone, Labor should not be given the opportunity to govern." The "Sunday Age", however, took the view that increased taxation, and with it increased spending on education, should take priority: "a smarter society will be more productive." Though the "Sun-Herald" was supportive of some Labor policies, it said Shorten had failed to make "a compelling case that Australia needs a new government." Invoking the instability of Australian politics since 2010, the paper was unenthusiastic about electing "our sixth prime minister in six years." Turnbull, the "Sun-Herald" concluded, deserved "a chance to establish his own mandate."


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The need for political stability was emphasised by the Perth "Sunday Times" and Adelaide "Sunday Mail": at that time both states faced an uncertain future due to recent downturns in mining, steelmaking and shipbuilding. The expectation that any Labor government would govern in minority gave the "Mail" pause. Australia, it wrote, "needs stability ... this country has suffered enough through balance-of-power ... politicians". Both backed the Coalition as the best alternative to, in the "Times" words, "steer us through these turbulent times."


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The Brisbane "Sunday Mail" summed up the general view among the papers of Turnbull: "yet to fulfil his promise as Prime Minister." Though the "Sunday Telegraph" agreed his government had been "timid", it concluded "We are fortunate to have as Prime Minister a man of integrity, decency and undoubted intellect."


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: "The Australian Financial Review" endorsed the Coalition two days before polling day, in particular its plans to balance the federal budget, and boost economic growth by cutting company tax. Although the editorial viewed Turnbull's performance in office as "too timid", it concluded that "there is no alternative" but to support his re-election. The newspaper acknowledged Shorten's effectiveness as a campaigner, but it was scathing of the Opposition Leader's platform and tactics. His "resort to crass populism and the outdated politics of class comes from a once-reforming centre-left party which has refused to free itself from ... trade union and factional control," the editorial ran. "Mr Shorten's populist pitch echoes some of the global political phenomenon represented by Brexit and Donald Trump by exciting a squabble over shares of a declining income pie."


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: "The Australian" endorsed the Coalition the following day, highlighting the Government's budget discipline. Turnbull's "stolid pitch on frugality ... provided the contrast against which the Labor opposition could be judged," the editorial ran. Though it rated the Coalition's economic plan as "adequate at best," "The Australian" contrasted this with "an unthinkable Labor alternative that, even after the overblown GFC stimulus of the Rudd–Gillard–Rudd years, would respond to current challenges by spending more, taxing more and taking the nation deeper into debt."


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The metropolitan dailies backed the Coalition without exception. Turnbull's personal qualities and platform appealed more to the editors than his short record in office. "The Age" spoke for many in concluding that "Mr Turnbull deserves the chance to deliver". "The Daily Telegraph" praised the Prime Minister's "consistency ... He has stuck fast on addressing Australia's debt and deficit problems." Newspapers particularly highlighted, in the words of the "West Australian", the Coalition's "better understanding of what is needed to run the economy and rein in debt." "The Sydney Morning Herald" welcomed the Coalition's curbs on superannuation tax breaks and offered qualified support for company tax cuts ("Businesses, small and large, create jobs.") "The Age" endorsed the super changes and company tax cut, but was critical of the Coalition's "shamefully harsh" border protection policies and planned same-sex marriage plebiscite. "The Canberra Times" gave the Coalition "credit for recognising the necessity for cuts in public-sector spending" and reforming super. The "Courier-Mail" backed Turnbull's 'jobs and growth' agenda as "a more coherent prescription in an era that demands experience, stability and certainty."


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The "Courier-Mail", "Canberra Times", "Age" and Adelaide "Advertiser" acknowledged Shorten's strengths on the campaign trail. The "Advertiser" spoke of a "revitalised performance from Bill Shorten ... The Opposition is now in with a fighting chance." The "Age" welcomed its plans on negative gearing and capital gains tax; the "Herald" backed the case for Labor's higher increases in education funding.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: However, for almost every paper, this was outweighed by the party's service of union interests and its unsustainable profligacy. "There is no sign at all that Mr Shorten will force Labor to remove the disproportionate influence of unions and their money on his party," the "Herald" wrote, regretting that despite the reforming instincts of Shadow Treasurer Chris Bowen, as a whole "Labor baulks at progress that affects the public service and unions." For the "NT News", "the party's policy positions are incoherent. The sheer breadth of spending promises show Labor is not ready for government." The "Herald Sun" agreed that in Labor's "DNA is an inclination to spend ... That Australia must learn to live within its means is a lesson Labor still fails to grasp." The "Herald" chided Shorten for the dishonesty of his Medicare scare campaign ("his judgement was found wanting") as did the "Courier-Mail" ("hysteria"). The "Daily Telegraph" also highlighted Labor's record on border protection—50,000 illegal maritime arrivals and perhaps 1,000 deaths at sea—and noted the widespread desire of many Labor candidates and the Greens to "attempt this deadly experiment again."


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Local issues and candidates also played a role in the endorsements. Expecting a Coalition victory, the "NT News" argued that Solomon Country Liberal MP Natasha Griggs should be returned on the grounds that Darwin was better off having a Government member as its representative. Victoria's "Herald Sun" highlighted the Country Fire Authority dispute—"a window into the relationship between Labor and the union movement" and "a game changer in how many Victorians will vote." The Hobart "Mercury" concluded that although the nation would be "best served" by a Coalition government, Denison independent MP Andrew Wilkie and Franklin Labor MP Julie Collins deserved to be re-elected as well. The "Advertiser" welcomed Turnbull's decision to build 12 new submarines in South Australia. The "West Australian" reminded voters to separate their judgement of Turnbull from their judgment of the less popular Liberal state government.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Campaign advertising began in February, with the Government airing taxpayer-funded commercials for its Innovation and Science Agenda that echoed Turnbull's catchphrase "exciting time". The ads were criticised by the Opposition, which referred the matter to the Auditor-General for investigation.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The first negative shots in the campaign's television advertising war were fired in April, as the Government worked to obtain its second trigger for a double dissolution.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: In addition to the major political parties, other organisations aired their own issue ads. These included the Australian Council of Trade Unions, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Master Builders Australia and The Australia Institute.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: In Australian federal elections, a "blackout" of campaign ads on radio and television applies from midnight on the Wednesday before polling day. On the eve of the blackout in 2016, commercial television stations, media analysts and some politicians called for this rule to be reviewed in the light of declining audience share for traditional broadcasters, and the growing role of the internet in campaigning.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: At the close of nominations on 9 June 2016, there were 1,625 candidates in total—994 for the House of Representatives and 631 for the Senate. The number of Senate candidates was the highest ever at an Australian election, increased from 529 in 2013.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Based on the post-election pendulum for the 2013 Australian federal election, this Mackerras pendulum was updated to include new notional margin estimates due to redistributions in New South Wales, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. The net effect of the redistributions reduced the Liberal/National Coalition from 90 to a notional 88 seats and increased Labor from 55 to a notional 57 seats.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: While every federal election after 1961 has been won by those that also won the majority of federal seats in New South Wales, unusually nearly half of all marginal government seats are in New South Wales at this election, of which nearly half are in Western Sydney and the other half in rural and regional areas, and with no more than a few seats each in every other state.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Assuming a theoretical uniform swing, for the Labor opposition to get to 76 seats and majority government would require Labor with 50.5 per cent of the two-party vote from a 4.0-point two-party swing or greater, while for the incumbent Coalition to lose majority government would require the Coalition with 50.2 per cent of the two-party vote from a 3.3-point two-party swing or greater.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: Unusually, the outcome could not be predicted the day after the election, with many close seats in doubt. After a week of vote counting, no party had won enough seats in the House of Representatives to form a majority government. Neither the Liberal/National Coalition's incumbent Turnbull Government nor the Australian Labor Party's Shorten Opposition were in a position to claim victory. During the uncertain week following the election, contradicting his earlier statements, Turnbull negotiated with the crossbench. He secured confidence and supply support from Bob Katter, Andrew Wilkie and Cathy McGowan in the event of a hung parliament and resulting minority government, as seen in 2010. On 10 July, Shorten conceded defeat, acknowledging that the Coalition had enough seats to form either minority or majority government. Turnbull claimed victory later that day. In the closest federal majority result since 1961, the ABC declared on 11 July that the Coalition could form a one-seat majority government.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

text: The final Senate result was announced on 4 August. The incumbent Liberal/National Coalition government won 30 seats, a net loss of three—the Coalition lost four Senators, one each from New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia, but gained a Senator in Victoria. The Coalition later lost South Australian Liberal Senator Cory Bernardi, who quit to form the Australian Conservatives party and thus join the Crossbench. The Labor opposition won 26 seats, a gain of one—a Senator in Western Australia. The number of crossbenchers increased by two to a record 20. The Liberal/National Coalition will require at least ten additional votes to reach a Senate majority, an increase of four.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive to have below-average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two named storms, and was the least active since 2011. Nine became typhoons, and five of those intensified into super typhoons. This low activity was caused by a strong La Niña that had persisted from the previous year. The season's first named storm, Dujuan, developed on February 16, while the last named storm, Rai, dissipated on December 21. The season's first typhoon, Surigae, reached typhoon status on April 16. It became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day, also becoming the strongest tropical cyclone in 2021. Surigae was also the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Northern Hemisphere for the month of April. Typhoons In-fa and Rai are responsible for more than half of the total damage this season, adding up to a combined total of $2.017 billion.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100°E and 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones, which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency  names a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin, whilst the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration  assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N, regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center  are given a number with a "W" suffix.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: During the year, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies included the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of University College London, PAGASA and Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau. The first forecast was released by PAGASA on December 27, 2020, in their monthly seasonal climate outlook predicting the first half of 2021. The PAGASA predicts that only 0–3 tropical cyclones are expected to form or enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility between January and March, while 1–4 tropical cyclones are expected to form between April and June. PAGASA also predicted that the ongoing La Niña could persist until the end of the first quarter of 2021. Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) issued their first extended range forecast on May 11, predicting a slightly below-average season with 24 tropical storms, 15 typhoons and 9 intense typhoons.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On June 23, the PAGASA released their monthly climate outlook for the rest of 2021, predicting 5 to 9 tropical cyclones developing or entering their area of responsibility from July to September, and 5 to 8 tropical cyclones from October to December. TSR issued an update to their forecast on July 7, reiterating their expectations for slightly below-average activity. On August 9, TSR issued their final forecast for the season, slightly lowering their numbers to 25 named storms, 13 typhoons and 7 intense typhoons.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: The season began in January with a weak and short-lived tropical depression that brought damages to the Philippines. In mid-February, another tropical depression formed, before being assigned the local name "Auring" by the PAGASA. The system then strengthened into a tropical storm, being given the name "Dujuan" by the JMA, making it the first named storm of the year. Another tropical depression formed in March, though it was short-lived, dissipating shortly after forming. On April 12, a tropical depression formed to the south of Woleai. It strengthened into a tropical storm, being given the name "Surigae" by the JMA. On April 15, it was further upgraded into a severe tropical storm, before being upgraded to a typhoon on the next day, and to a super typhoon on April 17, making it the first of the season and the strongest recorded cyclone to form in the month of April in the Northern Hemisphere, however, it did not hit any landmasses. Then, in mid-May a new tropical depression was named "Crising" by the PAGASA and made landfall on Baganga, Davao Oriental as a weak tropical storm, bringing minimal damages due to its small size. Two tropical depressions formed on May 29 and 30 respectively, with the first being assigned the local name "Dante" by the PAGASA. Dante intensified into a tropical storm, being assigned the name Choi-wan, before moving over the Philippines and making landfall eight times, bringing widespread damages to the country. A tropical depression formed behind Choi-wan on May 30; it didn't develop further.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: The second typhoon of the season, Champi, briefly threatened the Ogasawara Islands before recurving through the main Japanese islands. Another depression formed at the end of June; it stayed from any landmasses while two tropical depressions formed in early July with both of them affecting land. One of them was named "Emong" by PAGASA. In mid-July, In-fa formed and became the third typhoon of the season. The storm contributed to rainfall and flooding in eastern China as it made landfall near Shanghai. Meanwhile, tropical storm Cempaka affected southern China and northern Vietnam. Another tropical storm, Nepartak, formed as Cempaka made landfall. Nepartak affected Japan in late July, disrupting the 2020 Summer Olympics, before becoming extratropical in the sea of Japan. By the end of July, activity abruptly exploded as eight tropical depressions formed within a week. Half of them were short-lived and dissipated without becoming tropical storms. Another depression and the remaining three were named "Lupit", "Nida", and "Mirinae". Lupit and Mirinae both threatened Japan while Nida stayed out to sea. A system from the Central Pacific traveled a long distance and became Tropical Storm Omais over the Philippine Sea.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: After Omais, the tropics stayed quiet for the rest of August until early September, when Conson rapidly intensified to become a typhoon in less than 24 hours before hitting the Philippines and Chanthu becoming the second Category 5-equivalent super typhoon of the season. After Chanthu dissipated, there was a pause in activity until Typhoon Mindulle and Tropical storm Dianmu formed. Dianmu soon made landfall on Vietnam and dissipated, but Mindulle went on to become the third Category 5-equivalent super typhoon of the season. Soon thereafter in the month of October, four storm named Lionrock, Kompasu, Namtheun, and Malou formed. Lionrock made landfall over Vietnam, causing agricultural damage. Kompasu made landfall in the Philippines and later China, causing severe flooding, infrastructure, and agricultural damage. Tropical Depression Nando also formed in early October but was absorbed by Kompasu. Namtheun initially peaked as a minimal tropical storm while being highly sheared, but unexpectedly conditions became briefly more favorable and peaked as a minimal typhoon. The system transitioned into an extratropical low before explosively intensifying into a bomb cyclone and impacting the Pacific Northwest. In late October, Malou peaked as a Category 2-equivalent typhoon, and only impacted the Bonin Islands. In the South China Sea, tropical depression 26W formed before making landfall in southern Vietnam and causing torrential flooding. After an unusual four-week break of inactivity, Nyatoh formed on November 29 and later strengthened to a typhoon on December 1. It later turned towards the northeast, became a super typhoon then transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: After Nyatoh, in the early week of December, a disturbance formed east of the Philippines and moved eastward, while dumping rains on parts of Visayas and Mindanao. After that, it merged with another invest (designated "96W" by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center) and headed towards the west-northwest. It later strengthened to a tropical depression by December 12, with the JTWC later designating it as 28W. 9 hours later, 28W intensified to Tropical Storm Rai, meaning "Yapese stone money." Rai continued intensifying as it headed west and passed south of Ngulu State, and intensified into a severe tropical storm by 14 December. It got battered by wind shear as it neared the small island country of Palau, and by evening, entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility and was given the local name of "Odette". Four hours later, Rai (Odette) began showing an eye feature first seen in microwave imaging, with Rai later becoming a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. Steady intensification ensued, and Rai later reached Category 2-equivalent status. By the evening of December 15, Typhoon Rai underwent unexpected rapid intensification, doubling its wind speeds from a 120 km/h (75 mph) to 260 km/h (160 mph)—Category 5-equivalent winds—by December 16, effectively making it a super typhoon. Rai then began an eyewall replacement cycle shortly after reaching its first peak intensity, weakening below Category 5-equivalent status. It made landfall in General Luna, Surigao del Norte as a 155 mph Category 4-equivalent storm. It made 8 more landfalls, weakening to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon by the time it entered the Sulu Sea. Rai then began to re-intensify, making its 10th landfall in Roxas, Palawan. After this, Rai continued re-intensification, becoming a Category 5-equivalent typhoon once again in the South China Sea, the first in the month of December and the third to do so after Typhoon Pamela (1954) and Typhoon Rammasun. After this, Rai began weakening, eventually dissipating west of the Batanes in December 21. A tropical depression, designated "29W" by JTWC, formed in December 14 and affected Malaysia with widespread flooding, and struck around the same time as Rai was pounding through the Visayas. 29W dissipated by December 17, as Rai entered the Sulu Sea.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: Rai contributed to the change of PAGASA's Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals and TC classification, which itself was deemed as a super typhoon by the agency when the change was made in March 23, 2022.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: At 06:00 UTC on February 16, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had formed. Eight hours later, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for the system. By February 17, the system moved into the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), being assigned the local name "Auring" from the PAGASA. At 06:00 UTC on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, giving it the designation "01W". On February 18, as it neared the Philippines, the JMA, JTWC, and the PAGASA upgraded the system to a tropical storm. with the JMA assigning it the name "Dujuan". The PAGASA later upgraded Dujuan to a severe tropical storm; however, this only lasted for six hours. On February 20, the storm significantly weakened due to high vertical wind shear, prompting the JTWC to downgrade the system back to a tropical depression. By February 22, all agencies had downgraded the system to a tropical depression after the system's center had weakened prior to making landfall. The JMA and the JTWC issued their final advisories moments after. The storm made landfall over Batag Island in Laoang, Northern Samar at 09:00 PHT (01:00 UTC) on February 22, dissipating thereafter.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: Dujuan briefly moved over Palau on February 16 as a tropical depression, bringing heavy rainfall to parts of the country. In anticipation of the storm, the PAGASA raised Signal #1 warnings for the eastern section of Mindanao and on the eastern provinces of Visayas on February 19. Signal 2 warnings were also issued for the majority of Samar Island, Southern Leyte, the Dinagat Islands, and Surigao del Norte on February 21, prior to its landfall. Classes and government work were suspended on February 22 in parts of Eastern Visayas and Central Visayas, including Surigao del Sur. A total of 242,194 individuals were affected in Northern Mindanao, Caraga, and in the Davao Region. At least 77,811 of the affected individuals were taken to 344 various evacuation shelters in each region. One person was reported dead with four others reported missing, with total damages to agriculture and infrastructure amounting to ₱159.8 million (US$3.29 million).


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: A low-pressure area south of Woleai developed into a tropical depression on April 12. A few hours later, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the developing storm, with the PAGASA beginning to issue advisories for the tropical depression as it remained outside of the PAR. On April 13, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression and assigned it the designation "02W". At 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the cyclone to a tropical storm and named it "Surigae". On April 15 at 00:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded Surigae to a severe tropical storm as an eye began forming. Later that day, the JTWC upgraded the storm to a typhoon, making it the first of the season. Surigae then entered the PAGASA's Philippine Area of Responsibility, getting the local name "Bising." The JMA followed suit early on the next day as a central dense overcast developed and filled the original eye. Surigae continued to rapidly intensify, and on April 16, the JTWC upgraded Surigae to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon on the SSHWS. The system continued its rapid intensification until it reached Category 5-equivalent super typhoon status, becoming the most intense typhoon ever recorded in the month of April. Surigae soon reached its peak intensity, with a minimum central pressure of , 10-minute maximum sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph), and 1-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph). After attaining peak intensity, signs of a concentric eyewall indicated that the storm was undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle, with the central dense overcast starting to warm and the eye becoming cloud-filled. On April 19, following its eyewall replacement cycle, Surigae became annular. A few days later, on April 22, Surigae began to weaken again, with the storm's structure deteriorating and its large eye dissipating. Soon afterward, all of the remaining convection was sheared to the east as the storm moved over cooler waters. As most of the remaining thunderstorms had dissipated, the JTWC assessed that Surigae transitioned into a subtropical cyclone on April 23. Late on April 24, the JTWC issued their final advisory on the system as it was nearing the completion of its extratropical transition. A few hours later, the JMA declared that Surigae had become extratropical.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: After being named, tropical storm watches and warnings were issued for Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia, as well as for Koror and Kayangel in Palau on April 14. Warnings were eventually issued for Ngulu Atoll as well. Winds of up to 30 mph (50 km/h) were recorded in Yap on that day as Surigae passed from the southwest. Damage in Palau was estimated at US$4.8 million. On April 16, as the storm tracked towards the Philippines, the PAGASA issued Signal #1 warnings for areas around the country, also issuing Signal #2 warnings the next day for Catanduanes and Samar. Very strong winds and heavy rains affected the eastern part of the Philippines, with storm surge inundating parts of coastline nearest to the typhoon. Surigae killed a total of 8 people and left another 10 missing. The storm also caused at least ₱272.55 million (US$5.65 million) in damages.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On May 11, the JTWC noted a persistent area of convection in the Philippine Sea, approximately west of Palau. The JTWC issued a TCFA for the convection on May 12, as it further developed in an environment with low vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures. Just three hours later, the agency recognised that the area of convection had quickly consolidated into a tropical depression and assigned it with the identifier of "03W". Around the same time, the JMA had also recognised the storm as a tropical depression while it was to the east of Mindanao. Since the storm developed within the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the PAGASA immediately named the storm "Crising" once the agency recognized it as a tropical depression as well, and later raised Signal No. 2 warnings for areas in Mindanao. In the early hours of May 13, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm, with the PAGASA following suit hours later. Later that day, Crising's low-level circulation center became exposed due to wind shear, and it lost organization. At 8:20 p.m. Philippine Standard Time (12:20 UTC), Crising made landfall in Baganga, Davao Oriental as a weakening tropical storm. It quickly degraded as soon as it made landfall, with both the JTWC and the PAGASA downgrading it to a tropical depression at 15:00 UTC. At 03:00 UTC on that day, the PAGASA reported that the system degenerated to an area of low-pressure in the vicinity of Piagapo in Lanao del Sur, thus lifting all warning signals on Mindanao and issuing their final advisory. On May 14, the system dissipated over the Sulu Sea, and both the JMA and the JTWC issued their final advisories on the storm.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: In preparations for the storm, the local government of Davao Occidental raised a blue alert on May 13, with the authorities in the area preparing rescue equipment in case of emergency. The PAGASA also warned small vessels near the area to stay away from the rough seas caused by the storm. Schools were ordered to be suspended from that day in Davao Occidental, including the submission of modules. When Crising made landfall, it caused widespread rains and flooding across Mindanao and Southern Visayas. Gusty winds were also felt in parts of Mindanao where the storm passed. In Baganga, some trees were knocked down by strong winds, while strong winds with heavy rainfall were reported in Cateel and Boston, all in the province. Three men and a carabao were required to be rescued from the rising Kabacan River in the early hours of May 14; they were successfully released safely from the said river. An evacuation center in South Upi, Maguindanao were reported to be flooded and some crops near the center were submerged in floodwaters, all due to a rising river near the area. Agricultural damages were estimated at ₱23.2 million (US$486,000).


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On May 27, the JMA and the JTWC noted the persistence of an area of atmospheric convection about south-southeast of Guam. The area's nearby environment exhibited low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, which were ideal conditions for tropical cyclogenesis. The JMA assessed the area to have developed into a tropical depression on May 29 at 06:00 UTC. The PAGASA made a similar assessment in a Tropical Cyclone Advisory issued at 15:00 UTC. The JTWC later followed with their own assessment, identifying the center of the newly developed tropical depression and assigning the designation "04W". As the system tracked westward, it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility at 01:00 PHT (17:00 UTC). The PAGASA then named the storm "Dante" in its first Tropical Cyclone Bulletin for the storm. Dante further organized in the Philippine Sea, and on May 30 at 15:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm, with the PAGASA doing the same at 21:00 UTC. On the next day at 00:00 UTC, the JMA also upgraded Dante into a tropical storm, giving it the international name "Choi-wan". Choi-wan's center was exposed due to a tropical upper tropospheric trough from the northeast, inducing shear on the system. On June 1 at 12:30 UTC, Choi-wan made landfall on Sulat, Eastern Samar as a minimal tropical storm, with the JTWC downgrading it to a tropical depression at 15:00 UTC. It made a second landfall on Cataingan at 17:00 UTC. Choi-wan made several more landfalls on the Philippines, making its third landfall on Balud, Masbate at 19:30 UTC. It made a fourth landfall on Romblon, Romblon on June 2 at 00:00 UTC, a fifth on San Agustin, Romblon at 00:50 UTC, a sixth on Pola, Oriental Mindoro at 06:00 UTC, a seventh on Tingloy, Batangas at 11:20 UTC, and an eighth and final landfall on the Calatagan Peninsula before moving into the South China Sea. On June 3 at 03:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Choi-wan back to a tropical storm. At 03:00 UTC, the PAGASA removed all Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals as Choi-wan moved away from the country. Choi-wan then exited the PAR on June 3 at 18:00 UTC before weakening into a tropical depression on the next day at 06:00 UTC and re-entering the PAR at 08:00 UTC. Then, it passed southeast of the island of Taiwan before moving out near the Okinawa Prefecture and heading towards Japan. On June 5 at 06:00 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency issued their final advisory on the system. 3 hours later at 09:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Choi-wan back into a tropical storm, however at 15:00 UTC, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center downgraded the system to a tropical depression, also issuing their final advisory on the system.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: Heavy rains caused floods in parts of Mindanao; 11 fatalities were reported, 3 people were injured, and 2 people are missing. As of June 4, 55,226 people were affected and 16,680 people are inside evacuation centers. A total of ₱307.2 million (US$6.39 million) of damages were incurred throughout the country, of which ₱152.1 million (US$3.17 million) was agricultural damages and ₱155.1 million (US$3.23 million) was related to infrastructure. On June 1, classes and government work for parts of Davao de Oro, Eastern Samar, Leyte, and Surigao del Sur were suspended for the day.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On June 10, the JTWC started to monitor an area of low-pressure in the South China Sea, approximately to the south of Hong Kong, with the agency classifying the system as a monsoon depression. Tracking west-northwestward, the storm was located in a favorable environment for further development, with warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear. At 00:00 UTC on June 11, the JMA upgraded the system into a tropical depression. Six hours later, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as it began to show characteristics of a monsoon depression. By 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning it the name "Koguma". On June 12 at 00:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Koguma to a tropical depression, assigning it the designation "05W". Later that day, the JTWC also upgraded Koguma to a tropical storm. By June 12, it had made landfall southeast of Hanoi, dissipating on the next day.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: At 00:00 UTC on June 18, the JTWC started to monitor a broad area of convection nearly to the south-southwest of Pohnpei. The system remained weak as it moved northwestwards in a favorable environment for further intensification, characterized by warm sea surface temperatures, low to moderate wind shear and good outflow; the disturbance remained weak as it moved northwestwards. The JTWC issued a TCFA on the system two days later, though the system remained disorganised. The JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on June 21. Meanwhile, the JTWC designated it as "06W" in their first advisory on the system, with an exposed LLCC being evident on satellite imagery due to moderate wind shear, being induced by a tropical upper tropospheric trough to its north. By 21:00 on June 21, 06W made its closest passage to the south-southwest of Guam, continuing its northwest track. On June 22, at 06:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm as it continued to move away from Guam. The JMA followed and upgraded the system into a tropical storm, in June 23 at 00:00 UTC, and assigned it the name "Champi". At 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the storm to a severe tropical storm as it turned northwestwards. At this time, a microwave imagery scan of Champi revealed an eye feature emerging in the system; however, this was short lived as dry air continued to impact the storm from the west. In addition, poleward outflow on the system remained weak on June 24, restricting Champi to significantly develop. However, on the next day, as a shortwave trough crossed the Ryukyu Islands, the outflow increased on the storm which allowed it to intensify further. On June 25, at 06:00 UTC, the JMA officially declared the storm a typhoon. The JTWC soon followed, upgrading it into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. At this time, a Champi turned north and north-northwestwards, and subsequently reached its peak intensity of 120 km/h (75 mph) ten-minute maximum sustained winds with a minimum barometric pressure of by 21:00 UTC on June 25, however it was downgraded to a tropical storm a day later. The storm continued to weaken as it move towards the Japanese islands, until on June 27, the JMA issued its last advisory at 12:00 UTC as the system became an extratropical low. The JTWC also issued its last warning for Champi at 09:00 UTC, same day.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: In the wake of the tropical depression, the National Weather Service in Guam issued a tropical storm watch for Rota in the Northern Mariana Islands and a tropical storm warning for the whole island of Guam on June 21. Marine and flash flood warnings were also posted on the former and on Saipan, Tinian, and other islands in the east and south, while classes on an elementary and a high school in the latter were suspended on the next day due to a reported power outage. Electrical disruptions were also experienced on Chalan Pago, Toto/Canada, and Santa Rita in Guam due to the system's near approach. As it moved away from the island and the Marianas, the watch and warning on these areas were lifted at 01:00 UTC on June 22. In the Bonin Islands, residents in the area were advised of rough seas and gusty winds caused by Champi.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On July 2, the JTWC started to monitor a tropical disturbance to the southwest of Guam. Moving northwestwards, the disturbance was located in an environment conducive for intensification in the Philippine Sea, with warm sea surface temperatures, and low wind shear, in addition to good poleward outflow, being induced by an upper-level trough to the northwest. The JMA upgraded the broad and weak system to a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on the next day, followed by a TCFA being issued by the JTWC an hour and a half later. The PAGASA subsequently upgraded the system to a tropical depression at 02:00 UTC on July 4, naming it "Emong". At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC also upgraded the system to a tropical depression, designating it as "07W". On July 6, PAGASA issued its last advisory on Tropical Depression Emong at 03:00 UTC as it moved outside the PAR and also lift up the warnings which were imposed earlier in the wake of Emong. Meanwhile, the JMA soon followed and issued its last advisory. JTWC also issued its last advisory as its convection was significantly sheared and its low level circulation dissipated rapidly over six hours.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: In the Philippines, the depression's approach required the raising of Public Storm Warning Signal No. 1 in the provinces of Batanes and the northeastern portion of Cagayan, including the Babuyan Islands, starting on July 4. The Office of Civil Defense of Cagayan were also on blue alert on the next day due to the storm, with the agency conducting a pre-disaster assessment with other government bureaus that day. The residents in the coastal areas of Palanan, Divilacan, Maconacon and Dinapigue in Isabela were also warned of the storm while fishing activities in the region were prohibited due to Emong.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: At 12:00 UTC on July 3, the PAGASA started to monitor a low-pressure area that developed near Torrijos, Marinduque or 149 kilometers to the south of Manila, followed by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)'s advisory at 01:00 UTC on the next day, citing the system's development as "low". In the latter's analysis on the disturbance, multispectral and microwave image scans on the system showed a weak low-level circulation center over the eastern part of Mindoro with flaring convection in the western periphery. Traveling northwestwards, the storm was located in an environment conductive for further intensification, with warm sea surface temperatures of , low wind shear around the region and good equatorial outflow; however, model forecasts were split regarding the disturbance's strengthening trend. Also that day at 15:00 UTC, the low-pressure area exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), which was followed by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgrading the storm to a tropical depression roughly three hours later. Eventually, the JTWC upgraded the system's potential intensification trend to "high" and subsequently issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 00:30 UTC on June 6 as a circulation became well-defined. It then changed its motion towards the west along the periphery of a subtropical ridge on the north and northwest as it approached the Hainan Island. By 06:00 UTC on the next day, the disturbance moved inland on the region near Lingshui Li Autonomous County before emerging on the Gulf of Tonkin, in an area of low to moderate wind shear. Later, the disturbance began to reorganize; however, strong wind gradient suppressed its intensification, with flaring convection displaced to the west. Nine hours later, the JTWC upgraded the system to a weak tropical depression with maximum sustained winds of 45 km/h (30 mph); the JMA analysed the storm to be at 55 km/h (35 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg). By the night of that day, the depression, with the identifier "08W" from the JTWC made landfall on Thanh Hoa, Vietnam on that intensity, before subsequently issuing their final warning as the agency confirmed that the system dissipated inland, with the evidences of radar and satellite imagery. The JMA continued to monitor the system until it dissipated at 00:00 UTC on July 8 over Laos.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: PAGASA issued rainfall advisories on July 6 as the depression's precursor low tracked near the Philippines. The China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Hong Kong Observatory (HKO), and Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) issued tropical cyclone warnings on July 7. The warnings imposed by the HKO and SMG were later lifted at 06:10 UTC (14:10 HKT) as the system moved away from Hong Kong and Macao. As the depression approached Vietnam, the Vietnamese Ministry of Defense readied 264,272 soldiers and 1,979 vehicles for potential emergencies. Aquaculture activities were also temporarily banned. A peak rainfall total of was recorded at Sầm Sơn on July 7. Rough seas and flooding were experienced in Thanh Hóa's Hoằng Hóa District. About of rice crops and a water pipeline in Minh Luong commune, Van Ban district were both inundated and washed away by floods in Lào Cai.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: At 06:00 UTC on July 14, the JTWC started to monitor an area of low pressure west-northwest of Guam. Located in an area favorable for intensification with warm sea surface temperatures as its outflow improved, the system struggled to develop under moderate wind shear before gradually intensifying, with the agency issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 20:30 UTC on the next day. On July 16, the PAGASA upgraded the disturbance to a tropical depression as it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, assigning it the local name "Fabian". The JMA later recognized the system as a tropical depression at 03:00 UTC on the same day, with the JTWC doing the same at 09:00 UTC, designating it as "09W". On July 18 at 00:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm assigning it the name "In-fa". The JTWC also upgraded it to a tropical storm at 03:00 UTC. The system had deep flaring convection, however its low-level circulation was broad and elongated. On July 18, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm. In-fa started moving westwards, and as it gradually strengthened, In-fa developed a formative eye on July 20, at 03:00 UTC. At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC declared In-fa to have strengthened into a typhoon as it had deep convection and robust outflow. The JMA also followed suit and upgraded In-fa to a typhoon at 12:00 UTC because of good upper-level outflow and higher sea surface temperatures; however, its central dense overcast was still obscure. On the next day at 03:00 UTC, In-fa strengthened into a Category 2-equivalent typhoon as its central convection continued to deepen. The feeder bands became more compact and the eye of the typhoon became clearer and more defined. The JTWC assessed that it peaked as a Category 2-equivalent typhoon with maximum wind speeds of at 03:00 UTC the same day. Because of dry air, the JTWC later downgraded In-fa to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon at 03:00 UTC the next day despite the presence of warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear. On July 23 at 21:00 UTC, In-fa got further downgraded to a tropical storm by the JTWC, as its eyewall became fragmented and the deep convection was not continuous over the eye; it later re-intensified into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon again at 03:00 UTC the next day as it regained convective depths and it managed to maintain a ragged eye. At 09:00 UTC, PAGASA issued its final advisory as Typhoon In-fa moved northwards and exited the PAR. On July 24, at 06:00 UTC, In-fa peaked as a typhoon with maximum 10-minute sustained wind speeds of and a minimum pressure of , according to the JMA. On the next day, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) noted In-fa to have made landfall in Putuo Island at around 04:30 UTC. After making landfall, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm at 09:00 UTC as it eye structure began to degrade. JMA later downgraded to a severe tropical storm at 12:00 UTC, because of influence of land and involvement of dry air.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: In Okinawa Prefecture, rough waves impacted coastal areas. Rains began to pound Minamidaitō and Kitadaitōjima on July 19. Winds up to were recorded on Nanjō in the early hours of July 21, with being recorded at Uruma and being recorded at Naha. This was enough to down power lines, which affected 860 people in the main island of Okinawa and the villages of Iheya and Izena. In Mainland China, record-breaking rainfall was reported, which caused flooding in the province of Henan. These devastating floods brought the death toll of the 2021 Henan floods to 99. This was caused because of the moisture associated with Cempaka and In-fa, despite being far away. The CMA issued a blue warning over the Fujian coast and north Zhejiang. CMA later upgraded the warning to an orange warning as In-fa moved closer to China. After making landfall, CMA downgraded its warning to a yellow warning as the threat of the typhoon lessened. In Taiwan, the Central Weather Bureau issued a heavy rainfall warning for Kaohsiung, Pingtung County and Hengchun Peninsula and a sea warning for the northern and eastern coasts of the country as In-fa's periphery nears, however it was cancelled at 02:05 UTC (10:05 TST). In the Philippines, In-fa strengthened the annual monsoon, causing heavy rainfall mainly in Luzon. Heavy rainfall and flooding have been reported in some areas. As the typhoon moved southwest towards the Philippine Sea, PAGASA raised a Signal No. 1 warning for the province of Batanes and the Babuyan Islands in preparation of strong winds and heavy rainfall. The warnings were later lifted as it exited the PAR.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On July 17, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had formed. The JTWC later issued a TCFA for the system, as the aforementioned area of convection became more organized. By the next day, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression and designated it as "10W", with the storm possessing an improved convective structure and a defined low-level circulation. The JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm at 21:00 UTC as it had a defined low-level circulation center with improved banding structure. At 00:00 UTC on July 19, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning it the name "Cempaka". At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC declared Cempaka to have strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon as it developed a ragged wide eye. The JMA later upgraded it to a severe tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on the next day. On July 20, at 06:00 UTC, Cempaka peaked as a severe tropical storm with 10-sustained maximum wind speed of with minimum pressure of , according to JMA. JTWC assessed that it peaked as a typhoon with maximum 1-minute sustained wind of . Cempaka made landfall near Jiangcheng District, Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, and the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm at 18:00 UTC the same day as its low-level circulation center became obscure. The JMA also downgraded Cempaka to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC the next day as it moved further inland and its central dense overcast disappeared. At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC further downgraded Cempaka to a tropical depression as its deep convection declined; however, it still retained a well-defined wind field. After moving inland, Cempaka started moving westward at 00:00 UTC on July 21 due to weak steering flow. Remaining inland, Cempaka maintained tropical storm intensity as it continued westward, but due to unfavorable conditions over land, it weakened into a tropical depression on the next day at 00:00 UTC. On July 22, at 09:00 UTC, Cempaka then moved southwards towards the Gulf of Tonkin because of the influence of the monsoonal westerlies, while maintaining its tropical depression intensity inland. Cempaka moved southward, crossed Móng Cái, Quảng Ninh Province in Vietnam and later entered the Gulf of Tonkin at 03:00 UTC. However, Cempaka further weakened despite the presence of warm sea surface temperatures because of high monsoonal wind shear and land interaction. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final warning on the system as it became a weakly defined system with an exposed low-level circulation center over Bạch Long Vĩ Island. On July 26 at 00:00 UTC, the JMA issued its last advisory.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: In preparation for the tropical depression, the HKO issued a Signal No. 1 warning for Hong Kong at 13:40 UTC on July 18, which was later upgraded to a Signal No. 3 warning as Cempaka neared the Pearl River Delta. However, as it moved away from Hong Kong, the HKO downgraded it to a Signal No. 1 warning, which was later cancelled at 11:40 UTC. The CMA issued an orange alert for the southern provinces of China as Cempaka moved closer to Guangdong, China, though it was later downgraded to a blue alert as it entered the Chinese mainland. It was later lifted by the CMA, as the threat of Cempaka was minimal. As Cempaka made landfall in Guangdong, there were reports of heavy rainfall and rough waves in the region. Over 990 flights were cancelled in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai. The influence of Cempaka caused heavy rainfall in Henan Province, along with In-fa causing devastating floods in the region.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: At 06:00 UTC on July 22, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started to monitor a tropical disturbance with subtropical features along the eastern portion of a monsoon trough, located approximately to the north of Guam. A weak system, multispectral satellite imageries revealed that the disturbance was disorganized along the said trough, while advanced scaterrometer data showed another same feature with southerly convergent flow over the northern Mariana Islands. Environmental analysis depicted an unfavorable amount of wind shear, although the agency noted that the disturbance can form as a subtropical cyclone along the subtropical trough with the help of baroclinity. Tracking northeastward, the system slowly organized, with low-level circulation center developing seen on meteorological satellite imageries. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) designated the disturbance as a tropical depression, seventeen hours later while the JTWC upgraded the system's potential intensification trend from "medium" to "high" and subsequently issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the storm at 22:30 UTC that day. At 12:00 UTC, Dvorak intensity observations and surface wind data from satellite scatterometer confirmed that the depression further intensified to the eighth tropical storm of the season, whereupon the JMA named it as "Nepartak". The JTWC, however only issued its first warning on Nepartak as "Tropical Depression 11W", three hours later as its LLCC further became broad and exposed with its center remaining weakly defined while being steered on the continued direction by a north–south oriented subtropical ridge. Another nine hours later, the agency further upgraded the system to a subtropical storm as vigorous deep convection further became constant on the east of the still-exposed and elongated circulation center. By July 24, Nepartak was guided north-northeastwards by an upper-level low and a trough. Baroclinic interaction with the latter also led to the development of a large and asymmetric wind field, with the maximum sustained winds of being far from the center. Later, the system's core became ragged as it turned northwards and further northeast before shifting north again while remaining at that intensity. At 09:00 UTC of the next day, the JTWC noted two distinct vorticities, being spaced to each other, with each having an elongated circulation from the south-southwest to the north-northeast.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: The intensity of Nepartak remained at until 15:00 UTC on July 26, when the system slightly intensified to as it underwent a rapid structural evolution while moving west-northwestwards. At that time, the storm was now almost centered underneath an upper-level low, in which it interacted with for several days prior. Nepartak also began to accelerated as it moved poleward, while subsequently reaching its peak intensity 12 hours later, with winds of and a minimum barometric pressure of . As it turned towards the north, the system started to approach the Tōhoku region, and its circulation center became well-defined while located under the cold-core low, which was causing dry air intrusions within the cyclone. The system began to weaken to a low-end tropical storm before making landfall near the town of Minamisanriku in Miyagi Prefecture at 23:00 UTC as a subtropical depression. As it rapidly crossed far western Honshu, its LLC became disorganized and ragged, with its convective signature collapsing as it crossed the Japanese Alps. At 15:00 UTC on July 28, the JTWC issued its final warning and bulletin on the system as it emerged over the Sea of Japan. Meanwhile, the JMA continued to monitor the remaining remnants on the area until it dissipated at 12:00 UTC on July 31.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: The system was the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in any part of Miyagi Prefecture since reliable records began in 1951. As Nepartak was anticipated to bring bad weather in the midst of the 2020 Summer Olympics, the rowing competitions were rescheduled.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On August 1, the JTWC issued a TCFA for a disturbance in the open western Pacific as it had an ill-defined low-level circulation center and deep convection. On the next day, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA recognized it as a tropical depression as it was located near Minami-Tori-shima. It was moving northwards at . A few hours later, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, giving it the designation "12W". At that time, the LLC of the storm remained exposed and its strongest convection or thunderstorms were displaced to the west. A deep-layered subtropical ridge to the east guided the depression to move to the north-northwest while being near from a monsoon gyre. Despite being located in a favorable environment for additional strengthening, another system to the south slowly interacted with the depression, which weakened the storm's intensity. It reached its peak intensity that day, with winds of in the estimates of the JMA and the JTWC. By August 3, the JTWC downgraded 12W to a disturbance as its structure deteriorated; the agency upgraded it back to a tropical depression a day later. The system's LLC then became fully exposed, and on August 6, both the JTWC and the JMA assessed that 12W had dissipated.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On August 2, the JMA noted a tropical depression near Zhanjiang had formed. Soon afterwards, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the disturbance situated approximately 153 nm west-southwest of Hong Kong. On the same day at 21:00 UTC, the JTWC assessed the system as a tropical depression and accordingly designated it as "13W". Twenty four hours later, the agency upgraded the system to a tropical storm. On August 4 at 12:00 UTC, the JMA followed suit and designated the system as a tropical storm, assigning it the name "Lupit". A day later at 03:20 UTC, it made landfall over Nan'ao County in Shantou, Guangdong Province. At 08:50 UTC, it made another landfall over Dongshan County in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. On August 7, it headed eastward and briefly entered the PAR, and was named "Huaning" by PAGASA. On August 8, at 18:00 UTC, Lupit peaked as a tropical storm with maximum 10-minute sustained winds of and minimum pressure of . Maximum 1-minute sustained speed of Lupit was . On August 9, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA issued its final warning, as it completed its extratropical transition. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC followed and issued its final warning.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On August 3, at 18:00 UTC, the JMA issued a tropical cyclone advisory for a tropical depression which was located off the east coast of Taiwan and north of the Philippines. The JMA later issued its first prognostic reasoning at the same time, stating that clusters of convective bursts were scattered around the low-level circulation. At 22:00 UTC, the same day, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system, as it had a consolidating low-level circulation, and it was located in a very conductive environment with high sea surface temperatures and low to moderate vertical wind shear. On the next day, at 03:00 UTC, the PAGASA recognized it as a tropical depression and named it "Gorio", as it was located inside the PAR. At 06:00 UTC, the JTWC did the same and designated it as "14W", as satellite imagery showed a fully exposed mesovortex. On August 5, at 06:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm, naming it as "Mirinae". Clusters of convective bursts were gathering around the center with a curved manner, with Mirinae having distinct anticyclonic outflow. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC followed and upgraded it to a tropical storm, as the storm developed a partially exposed low-level circulation center. Flaring convection was present, though it was affected by moderate westerly wind shear. On August 7, at 18:00 UTC, Mirinae peaked as a tropical storm with maximum 10-sustained wind speed of and minimum barometric pressure of . Maximum 1-minute sustained wind speed of Mirinae was . On August 9, at 09:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final warning for the system. The JMA later issued its last warning on the next day at 00:00 UTC, as it became an extratropical cyclone.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On August 3, at 06:00 UTC, the JMA noted a tropical depression north of the Mariana Islands which was moving northwards at . At 03:00 UTC, the next day, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system. By that time, it had developed a partially obscured low-level circulation center. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC recognized it as a tropical depression, designating it as "15W". On August 5, 03:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm, as its low-level circulation center became more defined. Three hours later, the JMA followed and named it "Nida." Satellite imagery showed that convective bursts were organized into a curved band and that the system was exhibiting good anticyclone outflow. On August 6, at 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm, as it had distinct anticyclonic outflow. Nida then started moving eastwards at 6:00 UTC the next day, because a mid-level subtropical high-pressure area along with the westerlies. On August 7, at 09:00 UTC, the JTWC issued the last advisory for the system, as its low-level circulation center was partly exposed due to the westerlies inflicting shear upon the storm. However, the JMA continued to publish bulletins for the system. Nida continued its trajectory. On August 7, 12:00 UTC, the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm due to shear and a generally less conductive environment. The JMA further downgraded it to an extratropical low at 00:00 UTC the next day as it completed its extratropical transition.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On August 6, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) first noted an area of disturbed weather positioned around south-southwest of Honolulu. Four days later, the low-pressure area crossed the International Date Line, and on August 10, at 06:00 UTC, the JMA declared it as a tropical depression as it was located northeast of Ratak. By 13:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as satellite imagery showed it had developed a well-defined low-level circulation. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC recognized it as a tropical depression and designated it as "16W" as satellite imagery depicted developing spiral bands and a defined low-level circulation center. The system briefly became a tropical storm; However, at 21:00 UTC, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical depression as its convection struggled to organize itself. It regained its intensity at 09:00 UTC the next day as its convection became more organized. Satellite imagery also continued to indicate the presence of a well-defined low-level circulation center. It was downgraded to a tropical depression again on the next day as its low-level circulation center became less defined. On August 16, at 00:00 UTC, the JMA issued its final advisory for the system, losing its tropical cyclone characteristics because of unfavorable conditions. Later at 00:00 UTC, the next day, the JMA started tracking the system again. At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final advisory as the system's convection became further disorganized despite the presence of a marginally favorable environment. At 19:30 UTC on August 18, the JTWC issued a TCFA for its remnants as its low-level circulation center improved significantly. On August 19, the system was upgraded by PAGASA to a tropical depression, and a few hours later, it received the local name "Isang" as it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility. At 15:00 UTC, the system was re-upgraded to a tropical depression by the JTWC, as its deep convection started to become more organized over the low-level center. On August 20, at 12:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded to a tropical storm, naming it as "Omais". Favorable conditions like high sea-surface temperatures, high tropical cyclone heat potential, and low wind shear helped it to develop over the past few hours. The JTWC did the same thing at 21:00 UTC, the same day. At 18:00 UTC the next day, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm as satellite imagery showed convective bursts gathering around the center in a curved manner; however, shortly after at 06:00 UTC on August 22, it weakened into a tropical storm due to increasing wind shear from the westerlies. At 03:00 UTC on August 23, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical depression as its convection was severely affected by the extremely high westerly wind shear. On August 24 at 00:00 UTC, the JMA issued its final advisory as the system became an extratropical cyclone over the Sea of Japan. Nine hours later, the JTWC followed and issued its last warning for Omais.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: As the system neared the islands of Guam, the NWS issued a tropical storm watch at 22:36 UTC on August 14. At 10:00 UTC on August 15, the NWS issued a tropical storm watch for the island of Rota. However, all watches were lifted by the NWS at 09:14 UTC the next day as the system further weakened.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On September 1 on 00:00 UTC, the JMA noticed a tropical depression near Wake Island. At 06:00 UTC, the JTWC gave a medium chance of formation for the system over the same area, despite being classified as subtropical depression, as it developed a well defined, partially exposed low-level circulation center. At 20:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system, and at 03:00 UTC the next day, it was upgraded to a tropical depression and was designated as "17W", as its low-level circulation center became more defined but still partially exposed. The system maintained its defined convective structure, however at 09:00 UTC on September 3, it struggled to consolidate because of presence of dry air causing its convective structure to diminish. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final advisory as its remaining convection was sheared by the incoming westerlies. At 12:00 UTC on September 4, the JMA stopped tracking the system.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On September 3, a disturbance was noted by the JTWC, approximately from Andersen Air Force Base in Yigo, Guam, as it developed a weakly defined low-level circulation center. The disturbance gradually intensified, and on September 5, the JMA recognized the system as a tropical depression. Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA as its low-level circulation center and its surrounding convection became well organized. The agency recognized the system as a tropical depression around four hours later. At 21:00 UTC, the PAGASA recognized the system as a tropical depression, with the agency assigning it the local name "Jolina". The next day on 06:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning it the international name "Conson", with the JTWC following suit three hours later. At 12:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded it typhoon before downgrading it into a tropical storm at 18:00 UTC. Three hours later, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm. At the same moment, Conson rapidly intensified into a typhoon according to the PAGASA as it made its first landfall on Hernani, Eastern Samar. Conson then made another landfall at 02:30 PHT (18:30 UTC) in Daram, Samar, and another one at 03:40 PHT (19:40 UTC) in Santo Niño, Samar. At 06:30 PHT (22:30 UTC), Conson made a fourth landfall in Almagro, Samar. At 00:00 UTC on September 7, the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm as it was significantly weakened by multiple landfalls. Conson then made a fifth landfall in Dimasalang, Masbate at 11:00 PHT (03:00 UTC), later weakening into a severe tropical storm, according to PAGASA. Conson then made a sixth landfall over Torrijos, Marinduque. Conson continued to pummel through more islands, making a seventh landfall over the area in Lobo, Batangas. After making its eighth landfall at San Juan, Batangas, Conson traversed the BatangasCavite area as the PAGASA declared it to have weakened back into a tropical storm. Conson made its ninth and final landfall in the vicinity of Mariveles, Bataan. At 12:00 UTC, Conson re-intensified into a severe tropical storm, as it entered the West Philippine Sea. Three hours later, the PAGASA issued its final bulletin for Conson as it exited the PAR and accelerated westward.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: As Conson moved westward, it came in contact with unfavorable conditions such as increasing vertical wind shear and land interaction with Vietnam. These conditions made Conson weaken, prompting the JMA to downgrade it to a tropical storm at 12:00 UTC on September 11 to further downgrade it to a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC the same day, with the JTWC downgrading it to a tropical depression at 03:00 UTC on September 12. It stalled off the coast of Vietnam near Quang Nam because of the confluence of three ridges. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final advisory as it made landfall near Da Nang, Vietnam, which caused the system to weaken rapidly. Satellite imagery showed that its low-level circulation center weakened significantly and became less defined. By 18:00 UTC of September 13, the JMA stopped tracking Conson, as the agency last noted it at 12:00 UTC.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: According to the NDRRMC, as of September 15, 20 people have died from the storm, with combined infrastructural and agricultural damages totalling up to ₱1.59 billion (US$31.8 million) in damages. In Vietnam, 2 people were killed by flooding. Agriculture damages on the offshore island of Lý Sơn is estimated to be about 100 billion ₫ (US$4.3 million).


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: At 06:00 UTC on September 5, the JTWC began monitoring an area of convection that had formed from Legazpi, Philippines. At 18:00 UTC the same day, the JMA declared it as a tropical depression. Five and half hours later, the JTWC issued a TCFA as its circulation and convection had significantly improved. At 09:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded the disturbance to a tropical depression, designating it as "19W". The JTWC later upgraded it to a tropical storm as it was noted that an eye-like feature was forming. The JMA later did the same at 00:00 UTC on September 7, naming it "Chanthu". At 09:30 UTC, the PAGASA reported that Chanthu entered the PAR, assigning it the name "Kiko". At 12:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm. At the same moment, Chanthu started its rapid intensification as it quickly became a minimal typhoon. Several hours later, the typhoon reached Category 4-equivalent status, and by the next day at 09:00 UTC, it reached Category 5-equivalent intensity, developing a -wide eye which was surrounded by very compact, intense convection. After reaching its initial peak, Chanthu was downgraded to a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon as its pinhole-shaped eye started to fade. However, by September 10, Chanthu began to re-intensify as its eye began to clear up. Chanthu further intensified into a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon once again at 09:00 UTC that day. On 05:00 PHT on September 11 (21:00 UTC on September 10), the PAGASA reported that Chanthu passed to the east of the Babuyan Islands; at 08:30 PHT (00:30 UTC), Chanthu made landfall in Ivana, Batanes as the storm began to weaken slightly. On September 11, Chanthu began to weaken as it continued to move northwards with the presence of dry air. The PAGASA issued its last bulletin for Chanthu since it exited the PAR on the next day. By September 14, Chanthu was no longer a typhoon as it slowly moved south-eastwards towards Japan. Due to decreasing wind shear and marginally favorable sea surface temperatures, Chanthu strengthened enough for the JMA to re-classify it as a severe tropical storm on the next day. On September 17 on 09:00 UTC, Chanthu crossed near the town of Ikitsuki, Nagasaki in Japan. It continued to move northwards as it moved through the rugged Japanese islands, causing it to weaken significantly. This caused the JMA to downgrade it to a tropical storm three hours later. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical depression, as it was also undergoing extratropical transition. On September 18, the JTWC issued its final warning for the system.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: Chanthu caused devastating effects in the islands of Batanes as it was made a direct hit from the typhoon. According to the local residents it was the most ferocious storm even seen. More than 30,000 residents were affected from Region I, II, III and CAR. Four municipalities went without power and none were restored and one municipality experienced water supply outage and none were restored. There were also reports of landslide and flooding mostly from Region I and III. As of September 15, total damages from the typhoon were up to ₱37.4 million (US$748,000). On September 12, Chanthu passed east of Taiwan. This caused heavy rainfall over the island including the capital city Taipei. Up to of rainfall was recorded and winds up to were reported. In China, the storm shut down both Shanghai Port, the world's largest container port, and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, the world's largest port by cargo throughput, briefly on 12–14 September, with about 86 vessels waiting outside the ports.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On September 21, the JTWC spotted an area of convection formed approximately from Guam. The system rapidly consolidated itself and formed a well-defined LLCC, and thus, the system strengthened into a tropical depression on 00:00 UTC of September 22. The JTWC did the same later that day, designating the system as "20W". At 09:00 UTC of September 23, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm, as its low-level circulation center became partially exposed. The JMA did the same three hours later, and named it "Mindulle". At 12:00 UTC of September 24, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm. By 03:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, as it developed a small eye. The presence of dry air had slowed its intensification, but it still managed to become a typhoon. Mindulle started to rapidly intensify as it quickly intensified into a Category 2-equivalent typhoon. Its eye expanded but became ragged due to the presence of dry air. Mindulle continued its rapid intensification, as it further intensified into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon at 15:00 UTC. Its eye became well-defined and at 03:00 UTC the next day, it became a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, making it the third super typhoon of this season. Satellite imagery showed that the typhoon had developed a well defined eye and deepening of the central core. At 15:00 UTC, Mindulle weakened into a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon as the eye and the convective structure started to degrade. It also underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, as it developed another eyewall. At 03:00 UTC of September 27, the JTWC further downgraded the system to a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, and six hours later, the agency had further downgraded it to a Category 2-equivalent typhoon because of the effects of the eyewall replacement cycle and the increasing presence of dry air. At 15:00 UTC of September 28, Mindulle re-intensified into a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, as it moved over favorable conditions. Satellite imagery showed that the typhoon continued to struggle to intensify. Its eye had steadily shrunk but it remained cloud covered and ragged. By the next day at 03:00 UTC, the JTWC re-upgraded it to a Category 4-equivalent typhoon as the eye cleared out again. At 21:00 UTC of September 29, it rapidly weakened and by 15:00 UTC the next day, it weakened from a Category 3-equivalent typhoon to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. Cool dry air and cool sea-surface temperatures were responsible for the weakening. At 21:00 UTC of October 1, the JTWC issued its final warning as it downgraded to a tropical storm. Three hours later, JMA also issued its final warning, as it became extratropical cyclone, off the coast of Hokkaido.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On September 21 at 18:00 UTC, the JMA noted a westward-moving low-pressure area over the South China Sea near the Philippines. Three hours later, the JTWC recognized this system. By 15:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical depression without issuing a TCFA for the system, as it rapidly improved its convective structure and developed a low-level circulation center; the JMA did the same three hours later. On September 23 at 06:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it as "Dianmu" as it continued to move westward and come closer to the Vietnamese coastline. The JTWC did the same thing, three hours later. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its last warning on the system as it made landfall near Da Nang, Vietnam, with its low-level circulation center being hampered following landfall. At 06:00 UTC on September 24, the JMA downgraded it to a tropical depression as it moved further inland.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On October 2, the JTWC noted an area of convection located approximately east of Davao, Philippines Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA as it developed sufficient convection and a fairly defined LLCC. However, the JTWC cancelled the TCFA as it crossed the Visayas region. Despite this, the PAGASA had already classified the system as a tropical depression and named it "Lannie", on October 3. Lannie made its first landfall on Bucas Grande Island at 04:30 PHT (October 3, 20:00 UTC). It then made an additional seven landfalls: ones in Cagdianao in the Dinagat Islands, Liloan and Padre Burgos in Southern Leyte, Mahanay Island and Getafe in Bohol, San Fernando in Cebu, Guihulngan in Negros Oriental, and its last two landfalls at Iloc Island and El Nido, Palawan. At 14:30 UTC of October 4, the JTWC re-issued a TCFA for the system, as it moved over the South China Sea. At 06:00 UTC of October 5, the JMA recognized it as a tropical depression. At 11:00 PHT (03:00 UTC) of October 6, the PAGASA issued its final warning. At 09:00 UTC of the next day, the JTWC upgraded from a monsoonal depression to a tropical depression. It was designated as "22W". Satellite imagery found that the LLCC had become exposed but still had a defined warm core. The system's center was also ragged. At 18:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it "Lionrock". Nine hours later, the JTWC did the same as the convection developed a curved pattern. Lionrock continued its trajectory, and between 09:00 UTC and 15:00 UTC of October 8, it made its first landfall over the island of Hainan. After making landfall, it briefly intensified a bit before weakening to its original intensity at 21:00 UTC. At 09:00 UTC of the next day, it crossed the island completely and entered the Gulf of Tonkin. On October 10, at 09:00 UTC, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical depression and issued its last warning, as it made landfall near Cat Bi International Airport and its convection became disorganized over land. The JMA also downgraded it to a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC the same day, but continued to monitor it. The JMA last noted at 18:00 UTC of October 10.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: In its early stages of formation, the system passed through the central Philippines. As of October 7, the NDRRMC recorded three deaths and estimated agricultural damages were topped at ₱12.2 million (US$241,000).


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On October 6 of 18:00 UTC, the JMA noted that a low-pressure area had formed that was embedded in a large monsoonal circulation to the north of Palau. The system developed into a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC of the next day. At 09:00 UTC (17:00 PHT), the PAGASA issued its first bulletin for the first tropical depression and assigned it the name "Maring". The JMA also noted the persistence of another, nearby tropical depression to its northeast, later named "Nando". As it is embedded in the same monsoonal depression and due to its proximity, Nando began to merge with Maring, and therefore formed a rather broad and large circulation. This prompted the JMA to upgrade the overall system to a tropical storm, and was named "Kompasu". However at that time, the JTWC still considered the system as two separate disturbances and issued separate TCFAs later in the day for both depressions, albeit noting the possibility of merging. The JTWC later considered the entire system as merged with their first warning for Kompasu. At midnight of October 11, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm, as it attained good cloud characteristics. At 12:10 UTC (20:10 PHT), Kompasu made its first landfall near Fuga Island of Cagayan Province. At 05:00 PHT of October 13 (21:00 UTC of October 12), the PAGASA issued its final bulletin as its exited the PAR and continued towards Hainan. Between 03:00 and 09:00 UTC of October 13, Kompasu had made landfall over the east coast of Hainan. By 18:00 UTC, the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm, as it crossed the entire island and entered the Gulf of Tonkin, as its convection had rapidly weakened because of the rough terrain of the island. At 09:00 UTC of the next day, the JTWC issued its final warning followed by downgrading to a tropical depression, as its convection had diminished and the low-level circulation center had been weakened significantly because of the increasing vertical wind shear and dry air, despite not making landfall over northern Vietnam. The JMA issued its final warning after downgrading it to a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: As of October 31, the NDRRMC has confirmed a total of 43 deaths, along with 16 people still missing. Total estimated damages of both infrastructure and agriculture is topped to ₱6.39 billion (US$126.5 million). In Hong Kong, one person was killed and 21 people were injured.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On 00:00 UTC of October 7, the JMA began monitoring on a tropical depression that had developed to the north of Palau, that was embedded in the same monsoonal circulation as Tropical Depression Maring. As the circulation moved inside the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the PAGASA began issuing advisories and assigned the local name "Nando" to the depression. By the next day, the JMA stopped tracking the system after it began to merge with Maring, which subsequently became Tropical Storm Kompasu. The PAGASA issued its final bulletin on the system on October 9. The JTWC issued separate TCFAs for two invests in the monsoonal depression that contained Maring and Nando — Invests "93W" and "94W", respectively. As the two merged, the JTWC cancelled the TCFA for Invest 93W and soon began issuing a single tropical cyclone warning for the overall system.


title: 2021 Pacific typhoon season

text: On October 8, the JTWC noted an area of convection persisted approximately from Wake Island, which had a defined low-level circulation with a good outflow. The JMA later recognized the same area of convection as a tropical depression on October 9. At 14:00 UTC the same day, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the invest as it developed a flaring convection which was circulating over the obscured LLCC. By midnight of the next day, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it "Namtheun". The JTWC recognized it as a tropical depression, three hours later, and six hours later, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm. Namtheun managed to maintain its intensity for two days, until at 09:00 UTC of October 13, it was downgraded to a tropical depression by the JTWC, as it started moving westwards because of the presence of a subtropical ridge towards the southeast of the system. Satellite imagery showed that the deep convection had been displaced towards the northeast and the LLCC of the system had become less defined. However at 15:00 UTC of the next day, the JTWC re-upgraded it to a tropical storm, as it entered over warm sea-surface temperatures which allowed the system to maintain its intensity despite high wind shear. Satellite imagery also indicated that it developed subtropical characteristics. Unexpectedly, Namtheun further intensified into a severe tropical storm according to JMA at 06:00 UTC of October 16, and a Category 1-equivalent typhoon according to JTWC at 09:00 UTC of October 16. Satellite imagery depicted that the system had developed a compact core with improved convection structure near its center. It also developed an eye-like feature. The weakening of the vertical wind shear was main reason for the intensification and also the presence of marginally favorable sea-surface temperatures (). A few hours later, both JMA and JTWC downgraded to a tropical storm, as its convection had weakened significantly because of further cooling of sea-surface temperatures and strengthening of the wind shear. Namtheun managed its intensity as it continued north-northwards but since it was interacting with the baroclinic zone, it started its extratropical transition between 00:00 and 15:00 UTC. For the next several days, the system moved eastward across the North Pacific, before undergoing explosive intensification and developing into a bomb cyclone on October 21, reaching an extratropical peak of , while situated off the coast of the Pacific Northwest. Afterward, the system curved northward and then north-northwestward, while gradually weakening, before being absorbed into another approaching extratropical cyclone from the west, late on October 22. Namtheun's extratropical remnant brought heavy rain and powerful winds to the Pacific Northwest.