title: Pablo Honey

text: In the United States, "Creep" drew parallels with Nirvana, with some describing Radiohead as the "British Nirvana". "Billboard" said the lyrics had "enough bite to make it on their own" despite the U2 comparisons. In a mixed review, Mario Mundoz of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote that it "doesn't really deliver anything you haven't heard before [...] though, it does offer clever lyrics and good hooks." Robert Christgau of "The Village Voice" did not recommend the album, but named "Creep" a "choice cut". "Rolling Stone" wrote that its charm originates from its guitar work, song structures, melodies, and choruses that invoke a "pop appeal".


title: Pablo Honey

text: Although "Pablo Honey" did not receive the acclaim of Radiohead's later albums, it has received praise in retrospective coverage. According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic, the songwriting does not always match Radiohead's sound, but when it does, it achieves "a rare power that is both visceral and intelligent". Kenny EG Perry of "NME" described the album as "the sound of one of the best bands of this or any other generation playing the music that taught them all their good early lessons". "Clash" said that it "points towards everything that [Radiohead] would go on to be".


title: Pablo Honey

text: In a 2008 review, Al Spicer of BBC Music described "Pablo Honey" as Radiohead's "exploration of suburban, adolescent self-awareness" and "one of rock's most impressive debuts." In 2009, "PopMatters" Mehan Jahasuriya criticised "Pablo Honey" as "a hodgepodge of half-baked grunge, jangle-pop and stadium-ready alternative rock ... nearly indistinguishable from other early '90s college rock throwaways, save for a few hints of greatness".


title: Pablo Honey

text: After the success of "Creep", Radiohead grew to resent it. In 1993, Yorke said: "It's like it's not our song any more ... It feels like we're doing a cover." The success almost led to Radiohead's breakup. Their frustration with "Creep" and "Pablo Honey" influenced their second album, "The Bends" (1995). The album title, a term for decompression sickness, references Radiohead's rapid rise to fame; Yorke said "we just came up too fast". Though Radiohead achieved greater commercial and critical success with later albums, "Creep" remains their most successful single.


title: Pablo Honey

text: In 2007, "Pitchfork" wrote that, with "Pablo Honey", "Radiohead didn't so much ride the coattails of grunge to mass success as stumble over them, and they've been apologising for it ever since." In 1996, the bassist, Colin Greenwood, said, "I'd give ["Pablo Honey"] a seven out of 10 – not bad for an album recorded in just two and a half weeks." In 1997, O'Brien said it was derivative of Dinosaur Jr. and the Pixies. He described it as "a collection of our greatest hits as an unsigned band". Jonny Greenwood said in 1998 that it "lacked freedom", and was hindered by the band's fear and inexperience. O'Brien said in 2020 that "Pablo Honey" was "pretty shit [...] but we worked hard and became good. That's one of the things I've held onto: you don't have to have all the answers straight away."


title: Pablo Honey

text: In 1998, "Pablo Honey" was voted the 100th best album of all time in a poll held by Virgin and 61st in a poll by "Q". The journalist Colin Larkin placed it 301th in the third edition of "All Time Top 1000 Albums" (2000). As part of its 2014 list of "1010 Songs You Must Own", "Q" included "Lurgee" and "Blow Out" in a list of 20 essential lesser-known Radiohead songs. In 2006, "Classic Rock" and "Metal Hammer" named "Pablo Honey" one of the 20 greatest albums of 1993. In 2008, "Blender" ranked it 82nd in its list of "100 Albums You Must Own".


title: Pablo Honey

text: On 31 August 2009, EMI reissued "Pablo Honey" in a "Collector's Edition" with the "Drill" EP tracks, B-sides and alternative takes. Radiohead had no input into the reissue and the music was not remastered. In February 2013, Parlophone was bought by Warner Music Group (WMG). In April 2016, as a result of an agreement with the trade group Impala, WMG transferred Radiohead's back catalogue to XL Recordings. The "Collector's Editions" of Radiohead albums, issued without Radiohead's approval, were removed from streaming services. In May 2016, XL reissued Radiohead's back catalogue on vinyl, including "Pablo Honey".


title: Pablo Honey

text: All lyrics written by Thom Yorke. All music written by Radiohead, except "Creep", written by Radiohead, Mike Hazlewood and Albert Hammond.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Attarintiki Daredi () is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film written and directed by Trivikram Srinivas. Produced by Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra and Reliance Entertainment, the film stars Pawan Kalyan, Samantha and Pranitha Subhash. Nadhiya, Boman Irani and Brahmanandam feature in supporting roles. The film score and soundtrack album were composed by Devi Sri Prasad. Prasad Murella was the cinematographer.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The film focuses on Gautham Nanda, a business heir who acts as a driver in his estranged aunt Sunanda's house to mend her strained relationship with his grandfather Raghunandan who expelled her for marrying against his wishes years before. "Attarintiki Daredi" was made on a budget of . Principal photography began in January 2013 and ended in July 2013, with the film being primarily shot in and around Hyderabad. Significant portions were shot in Pollachi and Europe.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The film was released on 27 September 2013 and received positive critical reception. It became the highest grossing Telugu film of all time surpassing "Magadheera" (2009) and it was later surpassed by "" (2015). The film won four Nandi Awards, four Filmfare Awards South, and the B. Nagi Reddy Memorial Award. It was remade into Kannada as "Ranna" (2015), in Bengali as "Abhimaan" (2016), and in Tamil as "Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven" (2019).


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Raghunandan is a rich but unhappy businessman based in Milan. He wishes to reconcile with his estranged daughter Sunanda, whom he expelled because she married Rajasekhar against his wishes. His grandson Gautham Nanda promises Raghunandan that he will bring her back to their home on his 80th birthday. Sunanda has three daughters; two of them are Prameela and Sashi. Gautham enters the house as Siddhartha aka Siddhu, a driver who was appointed by Rajasekhar after saving him from a heart attack. Gautham tries to woo Prameela, but gives up when he learns that she is in love with another man. Sashi hates Gautham and is suspicious of him and Paddu, his friend and a nurse who is appointed to take care of Rajasekhar.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Sunanda later reveals to Gautham that she is aware of his real identity much before the incidents, and warns him to abstain from doing anything with the intention of taking her back to Raghunandan.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: To save Prameela's love, Gautham and Paddu go to a village, and accidentally Sashi falls into the jeep from the balcony and attains a head injury, thus suffering from amnesia. Gautham introduces himself as her lover for the time being. Sashi believes it. The trio goes to the venue; Gautham and Paddu enter the house. They and the bridegroom escape from there and reach Sunanda's home after a violent altercation with the family members of the bridegroom where Sashi's memory is revived. The bride's father Siddhappa asks for compensation for the damage caused by Siddhu, to which Sunanda promises Sashi's marriage with Siddhappa's elder son. To avoid complications, Rajasekhar fires Gautham. Gautham later learns that Sashi loved him from the beginning but was hesitant to express her feelings. He traps Baddham Bhaskar, a rich NRI staying in Uganda who has a penchant for women, and enters Sunanda's home as his assistant.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Bhaskar falls for Sashi but his attempts are repeatedly thwarted by Gautham. On the day of her marriage, Sashi elopes with Gautham. While waiting with him for the train to Chennai, Siddhappa's men reach the station to stop them only to be trashed by Gautham and his assistants, led by Balu. Through Balu, Sashi discovers Gautham's real motive. An angry Rajasekhar, with Sunanda, arrive to shoot Gautham but Rajasekhar is taken aback after knowing his true identity. Gautham reveals that the day Sunanda left the house, Raghunandan tried to kill himself but accidentally killed Gautham's mother. He says that he chose to love his grandfather though he killed his mother. Sunanda chose to hate him as he injured Rajasekhar and expelled them.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Sunanda and Rajasekhar realise their folly and reconcile with Gautham. Sashi is kidnapped by four henchmen appointed by Bhaskar where she narrates the story to the henchmen. Gautham and Paddu reach the spot and Sashi reconciles with Gautham. Bhaskar's wealth is seized by the government of Uganda and he is left with the same amount with which he ran away from Rajasekhar's house when he assisted him in the past. Raghunandan reconciles with Sunanda, and Gautham is unanimously appointed as the CEO of the company with Raghunandan and Sunanda's support. The film ends with the entire family dining together and Gautham holding Raghunandan's hand with affection.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Trivikram Srinivas planned to direct Pawan Kalyan in a film produced by D. V. V. Danayya and narrated the script in late January 2011. However, Srinivas later began "Julayi" (2012) while Kalyan was working on "Gabbar Singh" (2012) and "Cameraman Gangatho Rambabu" (2012). The technical crew of Kalyan's and Srinivas's previous collaboration, "Jalsa" (2008), were selected to work on the film. B. V. S. N. Prasad was expected to produce "Attarintiki Daredi" while Kalyan was expected to allot dates in his schedule from October 2012. Srinivas gave finishing touches to the script in late September 2012 and Reliance Entertainment was confirmed to co-produce. Devi Sri Prasad was selected as the music director and the music sittings were held at Barcelona during the location scout in December 2012.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: "Attarintiki Daredi" was launched on 23 November 2012 at Venkateswara temple in Film Nagar. He hinted that the script will depict the Telugu culture and traditions with a strong message. Prasad Murella handled the cinematography and few sequences were shot using a Milo robotic camera which B. V. S. N. Prasad brought in from Mumbai as it was unavailable in Hyderabad. In mid July 2013, the title was confirmed to be "Attarintiki Daredi".


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Kalyan opted for a complete makeover and sported a look resembling the one he sported in his previous films "Kushi" (2001) and "Jalsa". After Srinivas narrated the script to Kalyan, he asked him who would play the role of his aunt and Srinivas replied it would be Nadhiya. Kalyan gave his approval for Srinivas's selection and Nadhiya was selected before she signed her comeback film in Telugu, "Mirchi" (2013). Srinivas narrated the script in a conversation with her over the telephone. After she accepted, he said that he would ask her dates after their schedules were planned. She later revealed that she was scared of being typecast but did the role only on Srinivas' insistence and added that the character's emotions were set quite well.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Srinivas decided to cast Ileana D'Cruz as the female lead who worked with him on "Jalsa" and "Julai". Samantha was confirmed as the female lead in late October 2012 which marked her first collaboration with Kalyan. The second female lead was yet to be selected. By the end of December 2012, most of the films which were in the pre-production phase were confirming their female leads. Because of this the production unit decided to begin the shoot without confirming the other heroine.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Pranitha Subhash was selected as the second female lead in early January 2013 and was confirmed to play Samantha's sister. Pranitha called it a lifetime opportunity and said that she would be seen in a "very sweet, girl-next-door character." Boman Irani made his debut in Telugu with "Attarintiki Daredi"; he played Raghunandan, the grandfather of Kalyan's character. Kota Srinivasa Rao played the role of Sidhappa Naidu for which he sported a realistic and rugged look. Navika Kotia was selected for the role of the younger sister of Samantha and Pranitha in April 2013.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Srinivas did not cast his regular associate Sunil in the film. Since Sunil's success of "Maryada Ramanna" (2010) and "Poola Rangadu" (2012) as a lead actor, Srinivas felt that it would not be fair to make him play a comedian. Rao Ramesh, Mukesh Rishi, Brahmanandam, Ali, M. S. Narayana and Posani Krishna Murali were cast in supporting roles.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Mumtaj and Hamsa Nandini were confirmed to make special appearances in the song "Its Time To Party" marking the former's comeback in Telugu cinema after 12 years after anchor Anasuya refused the offer.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: B. V. S. N. Prasad stated during the film's launch that principal photography would begin in mid-December 2012. Kalyan searched for new locations in Spain as the story demanded a foreign location and around 30 to 45 days of shooting schedule was planned there. It was the first time Kalyan went for a location hunt and returned in the last week of December 2012. Due to unknown reasons, the film's shoot was postponed to 8 January 2013 in late December 2012.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Shooting finally commenced from 24 January 2013 at a private hotel in Hyderabad. The team planned a new schedule from 4 February 2013 in Pollachi where scenes on Kalyan, Samantha and other support cast were planned to be shot. The schedule was postponed to 15 February 2013 and Srinivas continued the shoot in Hyderabad. After shooting for a few days in Hyderabad at a private mall, the planned schedule at Pollachi began from 12 February 2013.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: An action sequence featuring Kalyan and other cast members was shot in late February 2013. The next schedule commenced from 1 March 2013 at a specially erected set at Ramoji Film City in Hyderabad where scenes featuring Kalyan and the other cast members were shot. A few crucial scenes featuring the lead actors were shot there in early April 2013. Art director Ravindar supervised for the special set, which was worth 3 crore. By mid-April 2013, a major portion of the film was shot there. Kalyan and the film's unit planned to leave for Spain to shoot important sequences.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Scenes featuring the lead cast were shot in the end of April 2013 in a railway station set erected at Ramoji Film City. A new schedule began at Ramoji Film City from 2 May 2013. That schedule ended on 28 May 2013. Samantha informed the media that the film's speaking portions had been completed and that an overseas schedule was remaining.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Filming then moved to Europe on 5 June 2013 for a long schedule in which three songs, a few speaking portions and an action sequence were planned to be shot. Kalyan's introduction scene was shot in Switzerland which cost around 2 crore. The introduction scene, which was also an action sequence, was shot on an island located in Spain using helicopters under the supervision of Peter Hein. Post-production activities were done simultaneously and dubbing for the film's first half was completed. The team returned from Milan on 2 July 2013.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The song "Its Time to Party", which primarily features Kalyan, Samantha, Pranitha, Mumtaj and Hamsa Nandini was choreographed by Ganesh and was shot in a pub set erected by Anand Sai at Annapurna 7 Acres Studios. Principal photography wrapped on 14 July 2013.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: "Attarintiki Daredi" focuses on a young man's journey trying to convince his estranged paternal aunt to reconcile with the family. In its review, Sify felt that the film's story was a reversal of "Nuvvu Naaku Nachav" (2001) and "Parugu" (2008). Kalyan's character, Gautham, is shown watching a few films, where the protagonist is in disguise trying to win over people who matter to him. In the film, Brahmanandam's character spoofs the Ridley Scott film, "Gladiator" (2000) named "Radiator" and wins the "Bascar" awards found by himself after being inspired from the Academy Awards.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The mythological tale of Indra seducing Ahalya after disguising as her husband Gautama and the curse cast by Gautama on them is parodied in the film with Brahmanandam playing a key role. Two songs were parodied: one of them being a devotional song "Kaatama Rayuda" written by the poet Etla Ramadasa and composed by V. Nagayya for the film "Sumangali" (1940), and the other an item number "Kevvu Keka" written by Sahithi and composed by Devi Sri Prasad for the film "Gabbar Singh" (2012). A scene from the film, popularly known as the "badam tree" episode, was based on a similar scene from the 2012 English film "A Thousand Words".


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Devi Sri Prasad composed the soundtrack album which consists of 6 songs. Sri Mani, Ramajogayya Sastry and Prasad himself wrote the lyrics for the soundtrack album, which was marketed by Aditya Music. The album was released on 19 July 2013 in a promotional event at the Shilpakala Vedika with the film's cast and crew attending the event. The soundtrack album received positive reviews from critics.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: In late April 2013, "Attarintiki Daredi" was expected to release on 7 August 2013. It was then scheduled for a release on 9 August 2013, the Friday before India's Independence Day. But due to then-ongoing Telangana movement, the release was put on hold. Later B. V. S. N. Prasad officially announced that the film would release on 9 October 2013 along with "Ramayya Vasthavayya" (2013). But the makers were forced to reschedule the release date to 27 September 2013 after 90 minutes of the footage was leaked onto the internet. On an average, 80% of the film's tickets were sold out in all screens for the first three days in Hyderabad. Apart from India, the film released in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada and Dubai.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The theatrical rights in the Nizam region were acquired by Global Cinemas in late April 2013 for a then undisclosed record price, which was revealed later as 12 crore in early June 2013. My3 Movies announced on 26 April 2013 that they acquired the overseas distribution and DVD rights of the film. Y. Naveen, who financed several overseas distribution firms, acquired this film's overseas rights on behalf of My3 Movies for 7 crore which, according to Sify, was "a big gamble". Colours Media acquired the distribution rights in the United Kingdom from My3 Movies in late July 2013. Lorgan Entertainments acquired the theatrical distribution rights in Australia in early August 2013.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Sai Gopal, who assisted Trivikram since "Swayamvaram" (1999), was in-charge of the film's promotional activities. The first look poster featuring Kalyan in a red shirt and dark cargo pants was unveiled on 13 July 2013. The first look teaser of 23 seconds was released a day later. Within a day of its release, the video posted by Idlebrain on YouTube fetched more than 190,000 hits and around 6,200 likes. As of 16 July 2013, the teaser fetched over 300,000 hits and about 9,000 likes thus setting a record for any Telugu video uploaded on YouTube at that time. By the end of the next day, the teaser was viewed 706,927 times and received more than 6,000 comments.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The theatrical trailer was released on 19 July 2013 to positive reviews. IANS wrote in its trailer review, "High on commercial value, the slick trailer of "Attarintiki Daaredhi" is a mix of action, comedy, romance and drama in appropriate proportions. Trivikram hasn't compromised on anything, including special punch lines for Pawan Kalyan, which he mouths in his signature style with a hint of sarcasm." "Oneindia Entertainment" wrote ""Attarintiki Daredi" appears to be an out-and-out entertainer with an apt tag-line 'celebration of entertainment'. It is also going to be high in entertainment quotient as some noted comedians Bramhanandam, Srinivas Reddy, Ali tickle the funny bones of the audiences".


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The video featuring Kalyan recording the song "Kaatama Rayuda" was released on 4 August 2013. The video received positive response and according to a report by "The Times of India", Kalyan's fans were of the opinion that the song composed by Devi Sri Prasad reminded them of the song sung by Kalyan in the film "Thammudu" (1999). In late October 2013, the makers planned to add two more scenes as a promotional stunt to discourage copyright infringement. Six minutes of footage were added to the film this version was screened from 31 October 2013.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: On the night of 22 September 2013, a 90-minute piece of footage was leaked online and was widely shared. B. V. S. N. Prasad filed a complaint the following day against the copyright violation, and sought cyber-protection for "Attarintiki Daredi". Because of this incident, the film's release was delayed to 27 September 2013. The film's female lead, Samantha, as well as other celebrities such as Siddharth, Harish Shankar, S. S. Rajamouli, Ram Gopal Varma and Nithiin, condemned the unauthorised distribution act. However, police initially suspected that the incident might be a publicity stunt enacted by people who invested in the film.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: On being informed about the alleged sale of the movie in different electronic formats in the CD and mobile shops in Pedana town, Superintendent of Police J. Prabhakara Rao deployed a special team, led by Pedana Rural Circle Inspector A. Pallapu Raju, to investigate the issue. The police launched a hunt for unlicensed compact discs in the CD shops across the district. CDs and hard disks from video parlours and shops renting CDs in the Krishna district were seized, and some of the shop owners were taken into custody for questioning. Kalyan's fans went out into the streets, with signs containing slogans protesting the piracy. Subsequent to their investigation, the police arrested five people, in addition to production assistant Cheekati Arunkumar, and recovered several illegitimate copies of the film on 20 September 2013. Arunkumar had worked as a production assistant for the films "Oosaravelli" (2011) and "Ongole Gittha" (2013), both of which were produced by B. V. S. N. Prasad.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Prabhakara Rao told the media that Arunkumar had given a copy of the DVD to his friend and Hyderabad-based APSP constable, Katta Ravi, who sent it to his friend, V. Sudheer Kumar, on 14 September 2013. Pedana-based videographer Poranki Suresh got the DVD from Sudheer Kumar, and later gave it to Kollipalli Anil Kumar, who owns the Devi Mobiles and Cell repair shop in Pedana. Anil Kumar had uploaded the two-part movie into his system, and sold the 60-minute part-one of the movie to his customers in different formats. Anil Kumar deleted the original file in his system after learning about the police raids. However, he confessed to the crime during the investigation. Based on the information given by Anil Kumar, a special team led by Machilipatnam DSP K.V. Srinivasa Rao, with the support of the Crime Investigation Department, Hyderabad, arrested the suspects in Hyderabad. The police filed charges on 24 September 2013, against the five suspects under clauses 63, 65 and 66 of the Copyright (Amendment Bill) 2010 and 429 IPC.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Kalyan and Srinivas decided to return a significant portion of their remuneration to help Prasad overcome the financial crisis caused by the leak. Samantha returned her entire salary to the producers. Kalyan remained silent during the entire issue, but finally spoke at length about the episode at the "Thank You Meet" of the film on 14 October 2013. He said that this was a conspiracy and not piracy. He added that he was very well aware of the facts as to who was behind the leak of the film and will not spare anyone and will strike when the time is right.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The Television broadcast rights were sold to an unknown channel in mid June 2013 for an amount of 9 crore which happened to be the highest amount that a television channel paid for the telecast rights of a Telugu film till the sale of rights of "Aagadu" (2014) to Gemini TV in June 2014. The film's television premier was announced in mid December 2013 to be held on 11 January 2014 in MAA TV. The film registered a TRP rating of 19.04 which was the highest for any Telugu film till date. The Indian DVD and Blu-ray were marketed by Volga Videos. The overseas DVD and Blu-ray were marketed by Bhavani Videos.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: "Attarinitki Daredi" received positive reviews from critics according to "International Business Times India" who called the film a "perfect family entertainer" in their review roundup. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of "The Hindu" praised the film's climax scene, while also stating that Trivikram Srinivas makes his presence felt before concluding that the film is, "A good dose of fun, tailored for the box office." Ch. Sushil Rao of "The Times of India" rated the film 4 out of 5 and wrote "The movie is a worth watch. The reasons: Pawan Kalyan's comedy, fights composed by Peter Hein, Trivikram Srinivas' writing skills, Prasad Murella's cinematography, and Devi Sri Prasad's music. That there is promise in the movie is a feeling one gets right from the opening scenes which are dramatic". "Sify" rated the film 4 out of 5 and stated "If you are looking for sheer entertainment, know that Pawan Kalyan and Trivikram have gift packed for you with high dose of comedy. It is entertainment, entertainment and entertainment. Pawan Kalyan`s histrionics, his performances and Trivikram`s handling of the simple story in an effective way is what makes "Attharintiki Daaredhi" a big entertainer".


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: Shekhar of "Oneindia Entertainment" rated the film 4 out of 5, calling it "a must watch film for the fans of Pawan Kalyan and Trivikram." Jeevi of "Idlebrain.com" rated the film 4 out of 5 and praised Srinivas' script and added that Kalyan's performance and Srinivas' story telling skill "makes sure that your heart is touched at times and heartily laugh all the time while watching the movie". "IndiaGlitz" rated the film 4 out of 5 and praised Kalyan's performance in the film's climax, calling it "an unseen angle" before concluding that the film "is a treat for the family audience".


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: In contrast, Sridhar Vivan of "Bangalore Mirror" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 and criticised the film's first half and felt that the "real entertainment" began only after the entry of Brahmanandam's character. He too praised Kalyan's performance and the film's climax and Srinivas' direction. Radhika Rajamani of "Rediff.com" rated the film 2.5 out of 5; she praised the performances of the cast but called "Attarintiki Daredi", "a stylish film which does not rise above being a routine family entertainer." "IANS" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 and wrote "Unfortunately, Trivikram succumbs to star pressure and churns out a highly disappointing product. At nearly three hours, the film makes you cringe in your seats, especially with the emotional punch it delivers in the climax". Sandeep Atreysa of "Deccan Chronicle" rated the film 1.5 out of 5 and felt that the film was made only for Kalyan's passionate fans and for others, this film would appear to be "high on style and low on content". He called Kalyan's performance as the only "silver lining".


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The film collected a share of by the end of its three-day first weekend. By the end of its first week, the film collected over a share of at the worldwide box office. The film managed to perform well despite facing competition from "Ramayya Vasthavayya" and collected a share of in two weeks at the worldwide box office. Trade analyst Taran Adarsh reported that till 13 October 2013, the film collected a share of at worldwide box office. The film collected a share of in 19 days at worldwide box office. The film collected a share of in 24 days at the worldwide box office and became the second Telugu film to cross after "Magadheera" (2009). It collected a share of at the worldwide box office by the end of the fourth week. The film collected a share of at the worldwide box office in 38 days. The film collected a share of at the worldwide box office in six weeks. The film collected a share of at the worldwide box office by the end of its seventh weekend. The film became the highest grossing Telugu film of all time surpassing "Magadheera" (2009). "Attarintiki Daredi" collected a worldwide share of and grossed in its lifetime. It was later surpassed by "" (2015) as the highest grossing Telugu film of all time.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: "Attarinitki Daredi" collected on its first day at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions breaking the previous opening day record set by "Baadshah". According to Adarsh, the film collected on its first day at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions. He added that the film collected the highest collections amounting to from Nizam region followed by Ceded region with , Guntur district with , East area with , Vishakhapatnam district with , West area with , Krishna district with and Nellore district with . According to Adarsh, the film collected at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions. The film collected at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions, together in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and in the rest of India by the end of its three-day first weekend taking its worldwide total to . The film collected taking its four-day total in the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions to , thereby overtaking the first week totals of "Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu" (2013) and "Mirchi" (2013).


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: By the end of its first week, the film collected at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions and from other states. The film grossed in its first weekend and in its first week with a net collection of and distributor share of approximately at Tamil Nadu Box office thus creating a then all-time record for a Telugu film in the state according to trade analyst Sreedhar Pillai who felt that the film's collections had dropped due to the release of "Raja Rani" and "Idharkuthane Aasaipattai Balakumara" in the same week. The film earned in its first weekend and nett in its first week at Karnataka and also created an all-time record for a Telugu film. Adarsh reported that the "Attarintiki Daredi" earned in Mumbai and Kerala. The collections dropped as result of protests in Seemandhra over the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh including in key areas like Nizam and Ceded. Adarsh reported that till 13 October 2013, the film collected at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The film collected over on its 19th day making its total in the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions cross the mark. It stood in the third spot in the list of top 10 highest grossing (share) Telugu films in the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions preceded by "Magadheera" (2009) and "Gabbar Singh" (2012). The film crossed the mark in the Nizam region and in the Ceded region in 20 days. The film collected on its 24th day taking its total in the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions to , thereby leading to "Gabbar Singh" dropping to third place in the list of films with the highest distributors' share in Andhra Pradesh. "Gabbar Singh" had collected in the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions in its lifetime. The film completed its 25-day run on 21 October 2013. The film collected at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions, at Karnataka and from the rest of the country by the end of its fourth week. The film crossed in the Nizam region in its fifth weekend. The film collected at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions in 39 days.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The film collected at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions in six weeks. The film completed a 50-day run in around 170 theatres on 15 November 2013. The film completed a 100-day run in 32 theatres on 4 January 2014. On the 100th day of its theatrical run, "Attarintiki Daredi" was screened in four centres in Nizam, eleven in Ceded, one in Vishakhapatnam, four each in Krishna and Guntur, six and two centres in East and West Godavari respectively.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: According to Adarsh, the film collected from paid previews in the United States box office. The film collected more than $345,000 and grossed more than the other releases of 2013, "Baadshah" and "Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu", at the United States box office. He stated that the film collected $429,000 from Thursday's preview in the United States, thereby overtaking the collections of paid previews of "Chennai Express" (2013) in the country. Adarsh reported that the film collected $495,000 on Friday taking its two-day total to $924,000 which was equivalent to approximately . The film collected in the first three days at United States box office. The film collected in its first weekend at the United States box office. According to Adarsh, the film was the third biggest opener in the United States in 2013 after "Chennai Express" and "Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani" and was the only Indian film apart from the other two to feature in the list of top 15 openers of 2013 in the country.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The film grossed over $1.5 million within three days overtaking the preview collections of "Baadshah" in the United States and was expected to cross the $2 million mark there. By the end of its fifth weekend, the film collected $2 million from the theatres included by the measurement and research company, Rentrak and $0.3 million from theatres not included by Rentrak at the United States box office taking the film's total to . It collected a total from United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Middle East region, Canada, Singapore and others, taking its total to , which made it the highest grossing Telugu film overseas.


title: Attarintiki Daredi

text: The film was remade into Kannada as "Ranna" in 2015 directed by Nanda Kishore. It was also remade in Bengali as "Abhimaan" directed by Raj Chakraborty. Sundar C. directed the Tamil remake "Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven" which was released in 2019.


title: Quiverfull

text: Quiverfull is a Christian theological position that sees large families as a blessing from God. It encourages procreation, abstaining from all forms of birth control, as well as natural family planning, and sterilization.


title: Quiverfull

text: Some sources have referred to the Quiverfull position as providentialism, while other sources have simply referred to it as a manifestation of natalism.


title: Quiverfull

text: It is most widespread in the United States but it also has adherents in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and elsewhere. One 2006 estimate put the number of families which subscribe to this philosophy as ranging from "the thousands to the low tens of thousands".


title: Quiverfull

text: As birth-control methods advanced during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many conservative Christian movements issued official statements against their use, citing their incompatibility with biblical beliefs and ideals.


title: Quiverfull

text: In addition, there are those who contend that Quiverfull's "internal growth" model is a manifestation of a broader trend which is reflected in the lifestyles of such groups as Orthodox Jews (particularly Haredi and Hasidic Jews) and certain Christians including Orthodox Calvinists of the Netherlands, traditional Anabaptists (such as Old Order Amish, Old Colony Mennonites and certain Conservative Mennonites), some traditional Methodists of the conservative holiness movement, and Laestadian Lutherans of Finland. The former may also be a case of a manifestation of a movement of opinion within some ethnic, linguistic, religious, regional, or other identifiable groups whose members have expressed concern about their continued existence for historical or other reasons. Such philosophies and groups are diverse amongst themselves—being found in all segments and sectors of the political spectrum—and they usually represent, to varying extents, the diversity within their group. The manifestations of such movements and opinions include everything from comparatively high rates of in-group marriage being applauded and gently suggested, to more explicit calls for endogamy such as is the case with the Druze, to concerns which were expressed by Protestants in Northern Ireland about a higher birth rate amongst Catholics, to Decree 770 which was issued by Nicolae Ceaușescu's government in Romania with regard to contraception, and other population topics as part of its local variant of the North Korean ideology of Juche.


title: Quiverfull

text: In 1930, the Lambeth Conference issued a statement permitting birth control: "Where there is a clearly felt moral obligation to limit or avoid parenthood, complete abstinence is the primary and obvious method", but if there was morally sound reasoning for avoiding abstinence, "the Conference agrees that other methods may be used, provided that this is done in the light of Christian principles". Primary materials on the contemporary debate indicate a wide variety of opinion on the matter. In the decades that followed, birth control became gradually accepted among other Protestants, even among the most conservative evangelicals.


title: Quiverfull

text: In the 20th century, Quiverfull as a modern Christian movement began to emerge. Nancy Campbell began publishing her magazine "Above Rubies", which promotes and glorifies stay-at-home mothers who have as many children as possible, in 1977. While Campbell is in measure responsible for formulating Quiverfull ideas, the movement sparked most fully after the 1985 publication of Mary Pride's book "The Way Home: Beyond Feminism, Back to Reality".


title: Quiverfull

text: In her book, Pride chronicled her metaphorical journey away from what she labeled feminist and anti-natal ideas of happiness (within which she had lived as an activist before her conversion to conservative evangelical Christianity in 1977) toward her discovery of happiness surrounding what she portrayed as the biblically mandated role of wives and mothers as bearers of children and workers in the home under the authority of a husband. Pride wrote that such a lifestyle was generally biblically required of all married Christian women, but feminism had duped most Christian women without their awareness, especially in their acceptance of birth control.


title: Quiverfull

text: As the basis for her arguments, Pride selected numerous Bible verses in order to lay out what she saw as the biblical role of women. These included verses which she interpreted as perpetuating her advocacy of compulsory childbearing and her opposition to the use of birth control which (in her view) was promoted by "the feminist agenda" by which she had formerly lived. Pride's explanations then became a spearheading basis of Quiverfull.


title: Quiverfull

text: Pride stated in her book: "The church's sin which has caused us to become unsavory salt incapable of uplifting the society around us is selfishness, lack of love, refusing to consider children an unmitigated blessing. In a word, family planning."


title: Quiverfull

text: After the publication of Pride's "The Way Home", various church women and others took up her book and ideas and spread them through informal social networks. Around this time, numerous church pastors issued sermons which were in accord with Pride's ideas and various small publications and a few Quiverfull-oriented books appeared.


title: Quiverfull

text: As the Internet expanded several years later, the informal networks gradually took on more organized forms as Quiverfull adherents developed numerous Quiverfull-oriented organizations, books, electronic mailing lists, websites, and digests, most notably "The Quiverfull Digest". The largely decentralized "Quiverfull" movement resulted.


title: Quiverfull

text: From their onset, Quiverfull ideas have sometimes had a polarizing effect among Christians who hold to them and Christians who are skeptical of or disagree with them.


title: Quiverfull

text: Quiverfull authors and adherents express their core motivation as a desire to obey God's commandments as stated in the Bible. Among these commandments, "be fruitful and multiply", "behold, children are a gift of the Lord", and passages showing God acting to open and close the womb are interpreted as giving a basis for their views. Quiverfull adherents typically maintain that their philosophy is first about an open, accepting and obedient attitude toward the possibility of bearing children. Within the view, this attitude may result in many, few or even no children, because God Himself maintains sole provenance over conception and birth. The duty of the Quiverfull adherent is only to maintain an "open willingness" to joyfully receive and not thwart however many children God chooses to bestow. Contraception in all its forms is seen as inconsistent with this attitude and is thus entirely avoided, as is abortion.


title: Quiverfull

text: Quiverfull's principal authors and its adherents also describe their motivation as a missionary effort to raise up many children as Christians to advance the cause of the Christian religion. Its distinguishing viewpoint is to eagerly receive children as blessings from God, eschewing all forms of contraception, including natural family planning and sterilization.


title: Quiverfull

text: According to journalist Kathryn Joyce, writing in the magazine "The Nation": "[T]he Quiverfull mission is rooted in faith, the unseen," even if "its mandate to be fruitful and multiply has tangible results as well." Others remark that Quiverfull resembles other world-denying fundamentalist movements that grow through internal reproduction and membership retention such as Orthodox Jews (particularly Haredi and Hasidic Jews), and certain Christian denominations (such as the Amish and Mennonites, and Laestadian Lutherans in Finland). Many are thriving as seculars and moderates have transitioned to below-replacement fertility.


title: Quiverfull

text: The principal Quiverfull belief is that Christians should maintain a strongly welcoming attitude toward the possibility of bearing children. With minor exceptions, adherents reject birth control use as completely incompatible with this belief.


title: Quiverfull

text: Most Quiverfull adherents regard children as unqualified blessings, gifts that should be received happily from God. Quiverfull authors Rick and Jan Hess argued for this belief in their 1990 book:


title: Quiverfull

text: "Behold, children are a gift of the Lord." (Psa. 127:3) Do we really believe that? If children are a gift from God, let's for the sake of argument ask ourselves what other gift or blessing from God we would reject. Money? Would we reject great wealth if God gave it? Not likely! How about good health? Many would say that a man's health is his most treasured possession. But children? Even children given by God? "That's different!" some will plead! All right, is it different? God states right here in no-nonsense language that children are gifts. Do we believe His Word to be true?


title: Quiverfull

text: Quiverfull authors such as Pride, Provan, and Hess extend this idea to mean that if one child is a blessing, then each additional child is likewise a blessing and not something to be viewed as economically burdensome or unaffordable. When a couple seeks to control family size via birth control they are thus "rejecting God's blessings" he might otherwise give and possibly breaking his commandment to "be fruitful and multiply."


title: Quiverfull

text: Accordingly, Quiverfull theology opposes the general acceptance among mainline Protestant Christians of deliberately limiting family size or spacing children through birth control. For example, Mary Pride argued, "God commanded that sex be at least potentially fruitful (that is, not deliberately unfruitful). ... All forms of sex that shy away from marital fruitfulness are perverted." Adherents believe that God himself controls via Providence how many and how often children are conceived and born, pointing to Bible verses that describe God acting to "open and close the womb" (see Genesis 20:18, 29:31, 30:22; 1 Samuel 1:5-6; Isaiah 66:9). Hess and Hess state that couples "just need to trust God to provide them with the perfect number of children for their situation."


title: Quiverfull

text: Some Quiverfull adherents base their rejection of birth control upon the belief that the Genesis creation and post–Noahic flood Bible passages to "be fruitful and multiply" (see Genesis 1:22; 9:7) are un-rescinded biblical commandments. For example, Charles D. Provan argues:


title: Quiverfull

text: "Be fruitful and multiply"... is a command of God, indeed the first command to a married couple. Birth control obviously involves disobedience to this command, for birth control attempts to prevent being fruitful and multiplying. Therefore birth control is wrong, because it involves disobedience to the Word of God. Nowhere is this command done away with in the entire Bible; therefore it still remains valid for us today.


title: Quiverfull

text: Quiverfull advocates such as Rick and Jan Hess and Rachel Giove Scott believe that the Devil deceives Christian couples into using birth control so that children God otherwise willed to create are prevented from being born. In addition, a Quiverfull adherent was quoted in the 2001 "Calgary Herald" as making this statement: "Children are made in God's image, and the enemy hates that image, so the more of them he can prevent from being born, the more he likes it."


title: Quiverfull

text: Adherents view barrenness, referred to as an "empty quiver", as something to be accepted from God as His choice, which then becomes a matter of prayer in the hope that God may decide to miraculously intervene. Quiverfull adherents also see infertility treatments as a usurpation of God's providence and accordingly reject them. Adoption is viewed as a positive option through which couples can also rely on God's providence to send children. Biblical references to God's love for the orphan and the belief that people are saved through adoption into God's family are often noted.


title: Quiverfull

text: Some circles do accept medical interventions, since improving opportunities for pregnancy is not seen to guarantee it any more than with any healthy couple. Also, some reproductive health problems may be seen as symptomatic of other health problems which need to be addressed generally.


title: Quiverfull

text: Not all Quiverfull families and authors agree with each statement which was made by the movement's principal authors.


title: Quiverfull

text: Samuel Owens considers the possibility that some aspects of a fallen universe may sometimes justify the option to use a non–potentially abortive birth control method. These aspects of a fallen universe include serious illnesses, inevitable Caesarean sections, and other problematic situations, such as disabling mental instability and serious marital disharmony. Owens additionally argues that birth control may be permissible for married couples who are called to a "higher moral purpose" than having children, such as caring long-term for many orphans or serving as career missionaries in a dangerous location.


title: Quiverfull

text: Despite some variances, all Quiverfull families and authors agree that God's normative ideal for happy, healthy and prosperous married couples is to take no voluntary actions that will prevent them from having children.


title: Quiverfull

text: Quiverfull adherents maintain that God "opens and closes the womb" of a woman on a case-by-case basis, and that any attempts to regulate fertility are usurpation of divine power. Thus, the defining practice of a Quiverfull married couple is not to use any form of birth control and to maintain continual "openness to children," that is to say, engaging in routine sexual intercourse with no attempt to limit the possibility of conception. This practice is irrespective of the time of the month during the menstrual cycle, and is considered by Quiverfull adherents to be the principal—if not the primary—aspect of their Christian calling in submission to the Lordship of Christ.


title: Quiverfull

text: Proponents of the Quiverfull movement also regard contraceptive pills and other similar contraceptives as unacceptable abortifacients.


title: Quiverfull

text: Some Quiverfull adherents advocate for birth spacing through breastfeeding, so that the return of fertility after childbirth could be delayed by lactational amenorrhea.


title: Quiverfull

text: Quiverfull authors and adherents advocate for and seek to model a return to biblical patriarchy. Mary Pride has more recently attempted to distance herself from the patriarchy movement and from a focus on the father's role in training daughters. In a column published in her magazine "Practical Homeschooling" in 2009, as well as in the afterword to the 25th-anniversary edition of "The Way Home", Pride clarified her position that it is primarily mothers, not fathers, who should teach girls about women's roles and duties. As Emily McGowin notes in her 2018 book "Quivering Families", however, "[Pride] differentiates herself from these approaches without denying the underlying gender hierarchy and pronatalism."


title: Quiverfull

text: Quiverfull authors typically organize family governance to reflect an "umbrella of protection" with the mother as a homemaker under the authority of her husband and the children under the authority of both. Parents seek to largely shelter their children from aspects of culture deemed adversarial to their religious beliefs. Additionally, Quiverfull families strongly incline toward homeschooling and toward homesteading in a rural area. However, exceptions exist in substantial enough proportions that these latter two items are general and are often idealized correlations to Quiverfull practices and not integral parts of them.


title: Quiverfull

text: Quiverfull adherents Brad and Dawn Irons run "Blessed Arrows Sterilization Reversal Ministry". The couple advocates for Quiverfull ideas while providing funding, physician referrals, and support to Protestants wishing to undergo sterilization reversal surgery.


title: Quiverfull

text: Protestants such as Bill Gothard also advocate for reversals, saying that sterilized couples have "cut off children" and should devote themselves instead to "raising up godly seed".


title: Quiverfull

text: The movement has been criticized by journalists from "Glamour Magazine" for what they perceive to be sexism and a demeaning approach to women.


title: Quiverfull

text: James B. Jordan maintains that, while children are indeed blessings, they are only one among a wide range of blessings God offers, and prayerfully choosing foci among them is part of prudent Christian stewardship.


title: Quiverfull

text: Just because something is a gift from the Lord does not mean that it is wrong to be a steward of when or whether you will come into possession of it. It is wrong to reason that since A is good and a gift from the Lord, then we must pursue as much of A as possible. God has made this a world in which tradeoffs have to be made and we cannot do everything to the fullest extent. For kingdom purposes, it might be wise not to get married. And for kingdom purposes, it might be wise to regulate the size of one's family and to regulate when the new additions to the family will likely arrive. As Wayne Grudem has said, "it is okay to place less emphasis on some good activities in order to focus on other good activities."


title: Quiverfull

text: Some women who have left the Quiverfull movement are now vocally critical of it. Vyckie Garrison spent 16 years living the Quiverfull lifestyle and had seven children before leaving her husband and ultimately becoming an atheist. She told "Vice" that her health was negatively affected by so many births and that over time, her husband became "a tyrant." Garrison founded the blog "No Longer Quivering" to share her own story and the stories of other women who had been harmed by the Quiverfull lifestyle. The blog is now maintained by Suzanne Titkemeyer, another former Quiverfull adherent who describes her years in the movement as "disastrous."


title: Quiverfull

text: Likewise, some children who were raised in Quiverfull homes have grown up to speak out against the movement. In 2018, Eve [Hännah] Ettinger and Kieryn Darkwater started a podcast called "Kitchen Table Cult" in which they discuss their experiences of being raised Quiverfull and connect the ideology to current events such as the election of Donald Trump. In a 2015 interview about their upbringing, Ettinger said that in Quiverfull families, "the parents are just as confused as the kids, and often are struggling with deep-set psychological issues and need as much therapy and compassion as the kids do to recover from the dehumanizing reality of trying to have a perfect Quiverfull family to please a demanding and holy God."


title: August Diehl

text: August Diehl (; born 4 January 1976) is a German actor, primarily known to international audiences for playing Gestapo major Dieter Hellstrom in Quentin Tarantino's "Inglourious Basterds" and Michael "Mike" Krause, Evelyn Salt's husband, in the movie "Salt". He is also known for his leading roles in the films "The Counterfeiters" (2007), "The Young Karl Marx" (2017), and Terrence Malick's "A Hidden Life" (2019).


title: August Diehl

text: Diehl was born in West Berlin. His father is actor Hans Diehl, his mother is a costume designer and his brother is a composer. His family was frequently moving around. Diehl spent his childhood in Auvergne, France and moved back to Germany when he was nine years old. The family lived in Hamburg, Vienna, and Düsseldorf. Growing up in a family of artists, at the age of 18, he played Franz Mohr in a school theatre production of "Die Räuber" by Friedrich Schiller. After passing the "Abitur" exams, Diehl studied acting at the renowned Hochschule für Schauspielkunst Ernst Busch in Berlin.


title: August Diehl

text: Diehl was married to actress , but the marriage ended amicably in 2016. He has two children with Malik: a daughter born in May 2009 and a son born in 2012. Diehl plays the guitar and speaks German, Spanish, French, and English.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The Light Rail Transit Line 1, commonly referred to as LRT Line 1 or LRT-1, is a light rapid transit system line in Metro Manila, Philippines, operated by Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) and owned by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) as part of the Manila Light Rail Transit System. Originally referred to as Metrorail and the Yellow Line, LRT Line 1 was reclassified to be the Green Line in 2012. It travels in a general north–south direction from to , and then east–west from Monumento to . Currently, the line consists of 20 stations and runs on of fully elevated route. Although it has the characteristics of light rail, such as with the type of rolling stock used, it is more akin to a rapid transit system owing to its total grade separation and high passenger throughput.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: A 1977 study conducted by Freeman Fox and Associates suggested a street-level railway in Manila but the government revised this recommendation to an elevated system. In 1980, President Ferdinand Marcos created the LRTA and construction of the line began the following year. With the opening of its first segment in 1984, it became the first rapid transit service in Southeast Asia.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: From 2016 to 2020, the line was the busiest among Metro Manila's three rapid transit lines. It became the busiest when the MRT Line 3, which was the busiest line prior to 2014, experienced daily incidents and breakdowns attributed to poor maintenance, causing a decline in ridership. Serving an average ridership of 124,940 passengers daily in 2021, the LRT Line 1 became the second busiest among the three lines after the MRT Line 3 regained its position as the busiest line in the metro due to the increase in ridership after a comprehensive rehabilitation.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line is integrated with the public transit system in Metro Manila, and passengers also take various forms of road-based public transport, such as buses and jeepneys, to and from a station to reach their intended destination. Although the line aimed to reduce traffic congestion and travel times in Metro Manila, the transportation system has only been partially successful due to the rising number of motor vehicles and rapid urbanization. Expanding the network's revenue line to accommodate more passengers is set on tackling this problem.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Future plans include an eight-station southbound extension into the province of Cavite by 2027 (with partial operations by late 2024 or early 2025) and an eventual extension to the North Triangle Common Station which will provide additional connections to MRT Line 3, MRT Line 7 and the Metro Manila Subway.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line is predominantly aligned to the path of Taft Avenue (Radial Road 2) which was chosen largely due to its straight course. Later on, as Taft Avenue ends, it shifts to Rizal Avenue and Rizal Avenue Extension (Radial Road 9) then turning right on EDSA before ending at the corner of North and West Avenues and EDSA. The line links the cities of Quezon City, Caloocan, Manila, Pasay, and Parañaque.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line serves 20 stations along its route. A twenty-first station is yet to be constructed. Eight stations which are part of the south extension are also set to be constructed south of Baclaran. station in Caloocan was previously proposed during the construction of the northern extension located between and , becoming a bargaining object during the entire extension line's construction in the jurisdiction of Caloocan. However, the planned Malvar station was completely shelved by the Aquino administration.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Three stations serve as connecting stations between other lines in the metro. is indirectly connected to the of the LRT Line 2 through a covered walkway; is immediately above its PNR Metro Commuter Line counterpart; and is connected to the station via a covered walkway. No stations are connected to other rapid transit lines within the paid areas, though that is set to change when the North Triangle Common Station, which has interchanges to MRT Line 3 and MRT Line 7, opens in 2023.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line operates from 4:30 a.m. PST (UTC+8) until 10:15 p.m. on weekdays, and 4:30 a.m. until 9:45 p.m on weekends and holidays. It operates almost every day of the year unless otherwise announced. Special schedules are announced via the PA system in every station and also in newspapers and other mass media. During Holy Week, a public holiday in the Philippines, the rail line is closed for annual maintenance, owing to fewer commuters and traffic around the metro. Normal operation resumes after Easter Sunday. During the Christmas and year-end holidays, the operating hours of the line are shortened due to the low ridership of the line during the holidays.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The 1977 Metro Manila Transport, Land Use and Development Planning Project (MMETROPLAN), a fourteen-month study conducted by Freeman Fox and Associates and funded by the World Bank, recommended the construction of a street-level light rail line in Manila. Following a review by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, later the Department of Transportation (DOTr), the proposal was revised to an elevated railway in order to avoid building over the city's many intersections, while the option of constructing the line underground was also rejected due to the high water table in Manila. This raised the project's cost from ₱1.5 billion to ₱2 billion. An alignment along Rizal and Taft avenues, which spanned from Monumento, Caloocan in the north to Baclaran, Pasay in the south, was selected because it followed a relatively straight path for most of its route. On July 12, 1980, President Ferdinand Marcos created the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) and assigned First Lady and Governor of Metro Manila Imelda Marcos as its chairman. While the LRTA confined its roles to policy making, fare regulation, and future planning, the line's operations were assigned to Metro, Inc., a sister company of Meralco. The line came to be referred to as Metrorail.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The Belgian Government granted a ₱300 million soft and interest-free loan for the project's construction, with a repayment period of 30 years. Additional funding was later sourced from a ₱700 million loan, provided by a Belgian consortium consisting of ACEC, La Brugeoise et Nivelles, Tractionnel Engineering International, and Transurb Consult. The consortium also supplied the line's first light rail vehicles, power control, signalling, and telecommunications, as well as provided training and technical assistance. Designed as a public utility rather than a profit center, the line was expected to incur a deficit through 1993, but complete its repayments within a period of 20 years.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The government-owned Construction Development Corporation of the Philippines was the project's sole contractor. Single column cast-in-place concrete piers carrying precast concrete T-girders and a concrete deck slab were used for the original line from Monumento to Baclaran. The columns are spaced apart by rising from a cap on top of bored or driven concrete piles. Four of the wide girders are side by side in each span to accommodate bidirectional standard-gauge railway tracks located above the street level.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Driven piles were originally used for 80 percent of the project, with spread footings being used for the remaining portion. However, during construction, it was determined that bored piles should be utilized in some areas to mitigate noise and avoid potential damage to nearby buildings. Additionally, the original use of stockpiled precast piles caused clutter on the streets during construction.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: In 1981, an economic recession and the government's inability to provide counterpart funds for civil works and right-of-way acquisition, which amounted to 60 percent of the project's total cost, led to a delay in construction. Work finally began in September of that year along Taft Avenue, between Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and Libertad Street. In order to make way for Carriedo station and a segment of tracks approaching the Pasig River, a department store and a classroom building owned by FEATI University were demolished.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The southern section, between the Baclaran to United Nations stations, was inaugurated on September 11, 1984, and commercial operation along this section commenced on December 1. The line became fully operational on May 12, 1985, when the northern section between Central Terminal and Monumento opened. During the first several years, two-car trains that could accommodate up to 748 passengers were utilized. This amounted to a capacity of 20,000 passengers per direction.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: During the 1990s, the Line 1 reached its capacity due to traffic congestion and air pollution. In 1990, the Line 1 fell so far into disrepair due to premature wear and tear that trains headed to Central Terminal station had to slow to a crawl to avoid further damage to the support beams below as cracks reportedly began to appear. The premature aging of Line 1 led to an extensive refurbishing and structural capacity expansion program with a help of Japan's official development assistance.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The capacity expansion project was one of the flagship projects of the administration of President Fidel V. Ramos. A loan agreement for the first phase of the capacity expansion project was signed in 1994. In August 1996, a consortium of Marubeni Corporation, Adtranz, and ABB was awarded the contract and was signed the following September. The project, undertaken at a cost of , involves the procurement of seven four-car trains that were ordered from Hyundai Precision, and the refurbishment and conversion of the original two-car trains into three-car trains in 1999. In line with the introduction of the four-car trains, the station platforms were also extended. The project was completed in 2002.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: During the first phase of the capacity expansion, a labor strike was launched by employees of Meralco Transit Organization (METRO, Inc.) in July 2000 as their operations and maintenance contract was about to expire. It paralyzed the operations of the line for a week. The Light Rail Transit Authority decided not to renew its contract with METRO, Inc. that expired on July 31, 2000, and the former assumed operational responsibility.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Another capacity expansion project was initiated in April 2000 during the administration of President Joseph Estrada due to the high demand of passengers in line with the completion of the MRT Line 3 (and eventually, LRT Line 2). Funded through an ₱8.893-billion loan from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation, the second phase of the capacity expansion project is divided into two packages. Package A involves the procurement of twelve four-car trains, upgrades to the signalling and communications equipment, and upgrades to the stations and depot. Package B, on the other hand, involves the procurement and installation of air conditioning units for the 1000 class trains, replacement of faulty air conditioning units of the 1100 class trains, renovation of of railway track and railway sleepers, and procurement of equipment and spare parts used for track works. The installation of equipment for the automatic fare collection system was also included in the capacity expansion project.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: With the completion of the first phase of the MRT Line 3 in 1999, there were plans to extend Line 3 towards station (Phase 2) to create a seamless rail loop around Metro Manila. However, the extension was shelved by then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in favor of a extension of the LRT-1 to the MRT-3 station. The project involved the construction of three stations<nowiki>:</nowiki> , , and a common station at North Avenue. However, due to disputes in the common station's location, the station would only begin construction on September 29, 2017. The extension was part of the MRT-LRT Closing the Loop project under the Arroyo administration.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: In September 2008, during construction, station was proposed and was met with controversies between the Caloocan local government, the general public, and the Light Rail Transit Authority. The station was approved in July 2009. Though it was reported that the feasibility study for the station was completed, construction has yet to start.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The project was originally divided into three packages. Package A covered the construction of the viaduct while Package B covered the construction of the stations. Package C would cover the electro-mechanical systems in which includes the power supply, signalling and telecommunication systems, and railway track works. Several modifications were made in Packages A and C. Package A would be divided into two packages: Package A1, which covers the construction of the viaduct from Monumento to Balintawak, while Package A2 covered the construction of the viaduct from Balintawak to North Avenue. The joint venture of First Balfour and DMCI was awarded the contract for the viaduct and stations for the north extension project. Package C, on the other hand, would cover the power supply system, overhead catenary system, and station equipment. Package C was awarded to the joint venture of Miescor and GTC. Its sub-components, the signalling system, telecommunication systems, fare systems, and railway track works were contracted as four separate contracts. The signalling contract was awarded to the joint venture of DMCI, Beta Electric, and Tewet. The communications contract, on the other hand, was awarded to the Philippine subsidiary of Alcatel-Lucent. The fare systems contract was awarded to AP Trans SA, and the track works contract was awarded to the joint venture of Daxi and Frateur-De Pourcq.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The project was intended to integrate the LRT Line 1 and MRT Line 3 operations. Structure gauge tests were conducted in the extension by February 2010. The project's consultant, MetroLink Joint Venture, found that the LRT Line 1 trains can run on MRT Line 3 tracks. On February 25, 2010, as part of the 24th anniversary of the People Power Revolution, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and Vice President Noli de Castro rode an MRT-3 train from to before transferring to an LRT-1 train that passed along the extension until station. Balintawak station opened on March 22, 2010, while Roosevelt station opened seven months later, on October 22.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The Tewet Group of Germany, together with its signalling partner BBR Verkehrstechnik, conducted the signalling integration of the original line and north extension. Integration works were completed in May 2011, while the integration works passed inspection tests by TÜV Rheinland in June 2011.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: To integrate the operations of the LRT Line 1 and MRT Line 3, the then-Department of Transportation and Communications, under Secretary Jose de Jesus, launched an auction for a temporary five-year operations and maintenance contract for the two lines. The bidding was set by July 2011. Over 21 companies from around the world expressed interest to bid which included Metro Pacific Investments, Sumitomo Corporation, Siemens, DMCI Holdings, San Miguel Corporation, and others. After de Jesus resigned from the DOTC, his successor, Mar Roxas, halted the auction process and was later shelved.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: A plan to privatize the line was pursued as part of the south extension project. The bidding was set for August 2013, but failed. The project was rebidded, and on September 12, 2014, the operation and maintenance of LRT Line 1 and the construction of a extension project to Bacoor, Cavite was awarded to the Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC), a joint venture company of Metro Pacific's Metro Pacific Light Rail Corporation (MPLRC), Ayala Corporation's AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation (AC Infra), and the Philippine Investment Alliance for Infrastructure's Macquarie Infrastructure Holdings (Philippines) PTE Ltd. (MIHPL) (with Sumitomo Corporation following in May 2020). The consortium signed a concession agreement with the DOTr and LRTA on October 2, 2014. LRMC contracted the operation and maintenance of the line for 20 years to RATP Dev under its subsidiary RATP Dev Transdev Asia, a joint venture between Transdev and RATP Dev on December 8, 2014. The 32-year concession started on September 12, 2015.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: A rail replacement program commenced in 2016, as a continuation of the previous rail replacement program completed by the Light Rail Transit Authority. LRMC signed a contract with First Balfour for the structural restoration project of Line 1 on April 19, 2017, and in November 2018, LRMC tapped First Balfour and MRail, a subsidiary of Meralco for the rehabilitation of rectifier substations.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: LRMC has also rehabilitated the first and second-generation trains to add more trains servicing the line.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Most stations are composed of only one level, accessible from the street below by stairway, containing the station's concourse and platform areas separated by fare gates. Some stations tend to have a concourse level below the platforms. The single-level stations of Line 1, however, was not built with accessibility in mind, due to the lack of barrier-free facilities such as escalators and elevators. Some stations, such as and , are connected at concourse level to nearby buildings, such as shopping malls, for easier accessibility. Some trains have spaces for passengers using wheelchairs.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: As of November 8, 2009, folding bicycles are allowed to be brought into trains provided that it does not exceed the LRTA's baggage size limitations of . The last car of each train are also designated as "green zones", where folding bicycle users can ride with their bikes.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: All stations have side platforms except for Baclaran, which has one side and one island platform. Due to the high patronage of the line, part of the platform corresponding to the front car of the train is cordoned off for the use of women, children, elderly and disabled passengers.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Inside the concourse of some stations are stalls or shops where people can buy food or drinks. Stalls vary by station, and some have fast food stalls. The number of stalls also varies by station, and some stations tend to have a wide variety.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Stations such as Monumento and Baclaran are connected to or are near shopping malls and/or other large shopping areas, where commuters are offered more shopping varieties.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line has always presented itself as a safe system to travel in, which was affirmed in a 2004 World Bank paper prepared by Halcrow describing the overall state of metro rail transit operations in Manila as being "good".


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: For safety and security reasons, persons who are visibly intoxicated, insane and/or under the influence of controlled substances, persons carrying flammable materials and/or explosives, persons carrying bulky objects or items over tall and/or wide, and persons bringing pets and/or other animals are prohibited from entering the line. Products in tin cans are also prohibited, citing the possibility of home-made bombs being concealed inside the cans.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: In response to the Rizal Day bombings and the September 11 attacks, security has been stepped up on board. The Philippine National Police has a special police force, and security police provided by private companies can be found in all stations. All stations have a head guard. Some stations may also have a deployed K9 bomb-sniffing dog. The line also employs the use of closed-circuit television inside all stations to monitor suspicious activities and to assure safety and security aboard the line.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the system operated at a limited capacity when public transport operations resumed on June 1, 2020 after a three-month lockdown that halted the operations of public transport. The use of face masks (and later, face shields) became mandatory since the resumption of operations in June 2020. The use of face shields later became no longer mandatory in public transport in November 2021, except when an area is under the two highest levels of the alert level system. Social distancing measures were also implemented. Since March 1, 2022, all railway lines are operating at a full capacity due to the de-escalation of Metro Manila to the lowest of the five levels of the alert level system.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: In addition, talking with other passengers and answering phone calls in trains has been prohibited in the system. The policy has also been implemented in all railway lines and forms of public transport.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The trains are regularly being disinfected when the train arrives at a terminus. It takes three to five minutes for a train to be disinfected. In addition, trains are installed with UVC disinfection and HEPA filter systems in air-conditioning units to remove pathogens and keep indoor air clean.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The current designed daily ridership of the line is 560,000 passengers and currently aims to increase the number of passengers being served on the line to more than 800,000 passengers, as the line's south extension is set to be fully operational by 2027.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: On January 9, 2012, the line served a record 620,987 passengers during the Feast of the Black Nazarene ( station is near to the Quiapo Church), and since the day falls on a working weekday. In 2018, the line carried 300,000 to 500,000 passengers daily, due to the increased number of trains, from 86 vehicles to 113 vehicles available for daily trips. This gradually reduces the waiting time of passengers from 5 minutes to as much as 2–3.5 minutes. It also carried as much as 14.63 million passengers monthly in 2018.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line, like all existing lines in Metro Manila, uses a distance-based fare structure, with fares ranging from fifteen to thirty pesos (34 to 60 U.S. cents), depending on the destination. Commuters who ride the line are charged ₱15 for the first five stations, ₱20 for 6–11 stations, and ₱30 for 12–19 stations or the entire line.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Before 2001, tokens were used for the fare system of Line 1. Subsequent upgrades in the fare collection system eventually transitioned the line from a token-based system to a ticket-based system, with full conversion to a ticket-based system achieved on September 9, 2001.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Two types of magnetic tickets exist: a single-journey (one-way) ticket whose cost is dependent on the destination, and a stored-value (multiple-use) ticket for 100 pesos.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: During the Arroyo administration, all magnetic tickets bore the portrait of then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. The single-journey tickets had two types: a ticket that can be used for the first four stations and sold at ₱12, and another that is accepted in all stations and sold at ₱15. Single-journey tickets are valid on the day of purchase. On the other hand, stored value tickets were sold from ₱60 to ₱100. A special ticket for senior citizens and persons with disabilities were sold at ₱96. The SVTs are valid for six months after the date of first use.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: A unified ticket system was introduced in 2015 to replace the magnetic tickets. The Beep is a new contactless smart card to replace the old magnetic tickets. Similar to the previous magnetic tickets, the Beep cards have two types: single-journey tickets and stored value cards. The tickets can be bought at any stations or at the ticket vending machines. A trial run for the Beep cards started on August 16, 2015 for southbound trips along the line. Full implementation of the use of the Beep cards started on September 20, 2015 after the system was rolled out in the northbound direction, and was however met with problems with the cards at Gil Puyat station, causing complaints from commuters.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: A shortage of the stored value cards was reported in 2022 due to the ongoing global chip shortage caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: On November 11, 2021, the Light Rail Manila Corporation and AF Payments, Inc. presented a QR code-based ticketing system to the Department of Transportation and the Light Rail Transit Authority. Once approved, it can serve as viable alternatives to single journey tickets and can be purchased via mobile apps. Implementation of this ticket system is slated for 2022.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Adjusting passenger fares has been employed by the DOTC (predecessor of DOTr) and LRTA as a means to boost flagging ridership figures, and the issue of fares both historically and in the present continues to be a political issue.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Current fare levels were set on January 4, 2015, as a consequence of DOTr (formerly DOTC) having to increase fares for the line as per their concession agreement with the Light Rail Manila Corporation, with fare hikes delayed for several years despite inflation and rising operating costs. Prior to the current fares levels, fares were set on December 15, 2003, with the exception of a 5-peso fare increase in line of the opening of the north extension in 2010. These lower fares—which are only slightly more expensive than jeepney fares—ended up being financed through large government subsidies amounting to around ₱25 per passenger, and which for both the MRT "and" LRT reached ₱75 billion for the 10-year period between 2004 and 2014. Without subsidies, the cost of a single trip is estimated at around ₱40, and a ₱10 increase in fares would yield additional monthly revenues of ₱2–3 billion a month.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: As stated in the 2014 concession agreement, fare adjustments are allowed every two years. Fare hikes were planned in 2016, 2018, and 2020, but was deferred. A fare hike was planned again in April 2022, but LRTA said in November 2022 that the fares for the line will not be adjusted.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line at various stages in its history has used different configurations of two-car, three-car, and four-car trainsets. The two-car trains are the original first-generation BN and ACEC trains (railway cars numbered from 1000). Most were transformed into three-car trains, although some two-car trains remain in service. The four-car trains are the more modern second-generation Hyundai Precision / Adtranz (1100) and third-generation Kinki Sharyo / Nippon Sharyo (1200) trains. There are 139 railway cars grouped into 40 trains serving the line: 63 of these are first-generation cars, 28 second-generation, and 48 third-generation. One train car (1037) was severely damaged in the Rizal Day bombings in 2000 and was subsequently decommissioned. The maximum design speed of these cars ranges between , but only run at a maximum operational speed of . Until 2011, all trains ran at the maximum speed until it was downgraded to due to the deteriorating condition of the railway tracks, except for the north extension which continued running on the maximum speed. After a three-year rail replacement program, LRMC received a safety certification in March 2021 and the current speed was implemented on April 5, 2021.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line's fleet is being modernized to cope with increasing numbers of passengers. In the initial phase of its capacity expansion program completed in 1999, the line's seven four-car second-generation trains were commissioned providing an increased train capacity of 1,358 passengers while the original two-car trains capable of holding 748 passengers were transformed into three-car trains with room for 1,122.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The acquisition marked the introduction of the first air-conditioned trains to the line. Earlier rolling stock was notorious for its lack of air conditioning, relying instead on forced-air roof ventilation for cooling. This however resulted in hot and stuffy rides. The problem was addressed more fully after a preparatory rehabilitation program completed in 2001 allowed the installation of air conditioners to the older rolling stock. By June 2004, all trains were installed with air conditioning.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: As part of the second phase of expansion, twelve new trains made in Japan by Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo were purchased in 2005 and were introduced in December 2006, providing a capacity of 1,388 passengers. The new air-conditioned trains have boosted the capacity of the line from 27,000 to 40,000 passengers per hour per direction.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: From 2016 to 2017, the original trains underwent a body repaint and repair to address body issues and put it at par with its newer trains in terms of aesthetics. The idle and bogged down second-generation trains, reduced to two running sets, have been a subject of an extensive rehabilitation program that was launched in 2018. The rehabilitation resulted in revived second generation units with modernized electronics, new traction controllers and motors. Three of the coaches in the third-generation trains that are currently out of service are from the two trainsets that figured in two separate collisions in 2010 and 2011.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: LRMC has also built an in-house laboratory for production, manufacturing, fabrication and repair of train parts that are no longer available in the market.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Production of new rolling stock is awarded to Mitsubishi Corporation as the implementing contractor and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles as the manufacturer, funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency and valued at ¥30 billion for 120 cars configurable to 30 train sets, in order to service more passengers in preparation for the opening of the south extension. The trains are slated be delivered from 2021 to 2022. The first trainset was delivered in January 2021 and deliveries are expected to be completed by June 2022.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The Passenger Assist Railway Display System, a passenger information system powered by LCD screens installed near the ceiling of the train that shows news, advertisements, current train location, arrivals and station layouts, are already installed in the third-generation trains, along with the trains of Line 2 and the first-generation trains of Line 3.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line maintains an at-grade depot in Baclaran, Pasay. It serves as the center of the operations and maintenance of the line. It is connected to the mainline through a spur line. Before its expansion, the depot had a capacity of 145 light rail vehicles and an area of . It was expanded to an area of to accommodate 197 vehicles, with Shimizu Corporation and First Balfour implementing the project. Expansion works were completed after the depot was inaugurated on February 23, 2022.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: A satellite depot is being constructed in Zapote as part of the line’s south extension project. When completed, the satellite depot will handle 72 light rail vehicles.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Throughout its history, the line used different signalling systems. The line currently uses the Alstom Atlas 100 solution based on ETCS Level 1.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The original signalling system used in the LRT Line 1 was based on fixed block and relay type trackside systems. Trains had an automatic train stop system that activates if the train passes by a red signal or over-speeding. Based on a procurement plan published by the Light Rail Transit Authority, most of the signalling equipment, including track circuits, were supplied by ACEC.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: In 2007, as part of a capacity expansion project, the signalling system was replaced with a signalling and train control system based on automatic train protection (ATP) and automatic train supervision (ATS) using Siemens technology. The ATP system monitors the speed of the trains, while the ATS system directs train operations. Prior to the 2022 upgrade, the signalling system was designed to operate at a headway of 112 seconds. Aside from the ATP and ATS systems, its subsystems include train detection through axle counters, and microprocessor-based interlocking.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The signalling system was again upgraded as part of the line's south extension. Alstom was awarded a contract in February 2016 to supply the signalling and communications systems for the line. Alstom supplied the Atlas 100 solution based on ETCS Level 1. The testing and commissioning phase of the upgraded signalling system started in November 2021 and was completed on February 1, 2022.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The tracks have two types: ballasted and slab tracks. Ballasted sections are found in the original section from to , while slab tracks are found in the north extension. The tracks are supported by twin-block concrete railroad ties, and have a track center distance of .


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The tracks in the original line consist of rails designed to the EB 50T rail profile, while the tracks in the future extension line consist of rails designed to the UIC 54 rail profile.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: Due to the deterioration of the rail tracks in the original line, speed restrictions were implemented in 2011 except for the north extension. In 2012, a contract to replace of rails was awarded to the joint venture of Oriental and Motolite Marketing Corporation, Korail, Erin-Marty Fabricators Company, Inc., and Jorgman Construction and Development Corporation. However, there were delays in the project implementation until February 2014, when the then-Department of Transportation and Communications issued a notice to proceed for the joint venture. The first phase of the replacement started in 2014, while the rails at Monumento station were replaced in March 2015. The first phase of the rail replacement was completed in December 2015. The second and final phase of replacement works commenced in August 2016 by the Light Rail Manila Corporation, which contracted Joratech to replace of rails and was completed in 2017. This was intended to increase the operating speed from to and was achieved on April 5, 2021.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: An extension of LRT Line 1 to the south, known as the South Extension Project or the Cavite Extension Project, is under construction and will serve the areas of Parañaque to Cavite. The extension will span from the Quirino Avenue, Harrison Avenue, and Taft Avenue Extension intersection, then would travel down from Redemptorist Road to Coastal Road, and will traverse through the Parañaque River and will enter Ninoy Aquino Avenue until reaching and traversing the C5 Extension Road; and will once again enter Coastal Road, crossing the Las Piñas-Bacoor Boundary Bridge along the Zapote River, and traverse through the Alabang–Zapote Road and Aguinaldo Highway intersection, until reaching the Niog station located along the Molino Boulevard at Bacoor, Cavite. The extension project would add 8 stations covering of new elevated railway sections and would be the third rail line extending outside the Metro Manila area (after the east extension of Line 2 and the construction of Line 7). The project is divided in two phases - Phase 1 covers five stations from Redemptorist to Dr. Santos, while Phase 2 covers the remaining three stations from Las Piñas to Niog.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The project was first approved by the National Economic and Development Authority in 2000, while the Implementing Agreement for the project was approved in 2002, to be undertaken by SNC-Lavalin as a public-private partnership project. The proposal however was subsequently terminated in 2006. In the same year, the government worked with advisers (International Finance Corporation, White & Case, Halcrow and others) to conduct an open-market invitation to tender for the extension and for a 40-year concession to run the extended line. However, the project was shelved months before Gloria Macapagal Arroyo would end her term as President.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The plans for the southern extension project were restarted as early as 2012 and was expected to begin construction in 2014 but was delayed due to right of way issues. The issues were resolved in 2016 and on May 4, 2017, the groundbreaking for the ₱64.915 billion ($1.36 billion) South Extension Project was held, with the assistance of the Light Rail Manila Corporation and the Japan International Cooperation Agency. The extension project also features the construction of three intermodal facilities, one satellite depot located at Zapote, and mass upgrades to the existing Baclaran depot. The project is expected to cater more than 800,000 passengers daily once completed, with the DOTr secretary Arthur Tugade projecting the early completion of the project to be within 2020.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The line would be extended from Parañaque southwards, connecting Las Piñas and Bacoor to the Mega Manila railway network. Civil works on the extension began on May 7, 2019 after the right-of-way acquisitions were cleared. The construction of the extension line will be built using a full span launching method, renowned as one of the fastest methods of construction for bridges and elevated viaducts that cuts time and total land space needed for construction. A total of 203 pi-girders were used for the construction of the extension's first phase, the last of which was laid down along Redemptorist Road, Baclaran on February 7, 2022. The LRMC partnered with Bouygues Construction for the civil works, Alstom for the installation of the signalling and communication systems, and the RATP Dev Transdev Asia for the overall engineering, procurement, consultation, construction and assistance services for the project. The extension project will also serve as the first railway line to use the new construction method.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: , the project is 75.3% complete. Phase 1 of the extension (from Redemptorist station to Dr. Santos station) is slated to be operational by September 2024,


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: The original north extension until station will be extended to the under-construction North Triangle Common Station. The project site of the common station was disputed for years until an agreement with the stakeholders was signed in January 2017. Construction of the station began on September 29, 2017 and is planned to open in 2022.


title: LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

text: On December 30, 2000, during the Rizal Day, an 1000 class LRV train (Car number 1037) was involved in the Rizal Day bombings at Blumentritt station. The attack on the line killed some 22 people and injured hundreds. Eight members of both Jemaah Islamiyah and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which include Hambal, Asia's most wanted man, and Fathur Rahman al-Ghozi, were charged with plotting and masterminding the attacks in 2003, some three years after the attacks. Three suspects were put on trial, with al-Ghozi receiving 17 years in prison due to the illegal possession of explosives. Al-Ghozi later died in a firefight after attempting to escape from prison.


title: Perpetual stew

text: A perpetual stew, also known as forever soup, hunter's pot or hunter's stew, is a pot into which whatever one can find is placed and cooked. The pot is never or rarely emptied all the way, and ingredients and liquid are replenished as necessary. The concept is often a common element in descriptions of medieval inns. Foods prepared in a perpetual stew have been described as being flavorful due to the manner in which the ingredients blend together.


title: Perpetual stew

text: Perpetual stews are speculated to have been common in medieval cuisine, often as pottage or pot-au-feu:


title: Perpetual stew

text: Between August 2014 and April 2015, a New York restaurant served broth from the same perpetual stew (a master stock) for over eight months.


title: Perpetual stew

text: A batch of pot-au-feu was claimed by one writer to be maintained as a perpetual stew in Perpignan from the 15th century until World War II, when it ran out of ingredients to keep the stew going due to the German occupation.


title: Perpetual stew

text: Wattana Panich restaurant in Bangkok, Thailand, has continued to maintain the broth from the same perpetual stew for over years ().


title: Perpetual stew

text: The food industry in Japan still maintains perpetual stews in certain traditional dishes, for instance in ramen and oden:


title: Perpetual stew

text: Otafuku, one of the oldest oden restaurants in Japan, has been heating up the same batch of broth every day since 1945.


title: Perpetual stew

text: Various ingredients can be used in a perpetual stew, such as root vegetables and tubers (onion, carrot, garlic, parsnip, turnip, etc.) and various meats and game meats.


title: Perpetual stew

text: In "A Song of Ice and Fire" by George R. R. Martin, Arya eats from a perpetual stew, into which she contributes a pigeon, while in the slums of Kings Landing.


title: Saltire

text: A saltire, also called Saint Andrew's Cross or the crux decussata, is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross, like the shape of the letter X in Roman type. The word comes from the Middle French "sautoir", Medieval Latin "saltatoria" ("stirrup").


title: Saltire

text: From its use as field sign, the saltire came to be used in a number of flags, in the 16th century for Scotland and Burgundy, in the 18th century also as the ensign of the Russian Navy, and for Ireland. Notable 19th-century usage includes some of the flags of the Confederate States of America. It is also used in the flag of Jamaica and on seals, and as a heraldic charge in coats of arms.


title: Saltire

text: The term saltirewise or in saltire refers to heraldic charges arranged as a diagonal cross. The shield may also be divided per saltire, i.e. diagonally.


title: Saltire

text: A warning sign in the shape of a saltire is also used to indicate the point at which a railway line intersects a road at a level crossing.


title: Saltire

text: The saltire is important both in heraldry, being found in many coats of arms, and in vexillology, being found as the dominant feature of multiple flags.